The Anaconda standard., 1899-10-22

| the higher raad admitted to full clti-
{, zenship. The second-class burgner can
| vote for minor officers OF the repuolic,
but not for president or vice pIesiaent.
They can vote for members OF tne low,
er raad, but not for the hlghef, anu
they can sit as members OF the lower
raad, but not in the higher.
Privilege of Little Value.
AS it is the higher raad which has
the full power in the making OF laws,
it can be seen how little the privileges
of the second -class bursher5 amount to.
Little as they are, they must
avail to, immigrants, no matter no"
wealthy or capable. until. as has been
said, a special resolution gives them
the higher grade of citizenship. Even
before this is secured there are many
hindrances in the way, as for instance,
qualification of Il years, residence
and a favora BILE petition from the full
burghers of the ward in which the ap-
plicant resides.
The qualifications for attaining full
citizenship have varied from time to
time. At first they included only two
years residence, then this was raised
to five years. More recently it has been
made IA years, and there it still re-
mains. pending the settlement of the
present troubles. 1t must be noticed,
however, that the law gives the ap-
plicant not right, but carefully
guarded opportunity of being elected
to full citizenship if the higher raad
approves of him.
Concentration of Power
AS to the character of the Transvaal
government, it should be noted that
the power is even more concentrated
than the foreign description would in
dicate. for the small upper raad has
great power and the still smaller coun-
Gil of the president has still greater
power intrusted to it, while the presi-
dent himself manages to concentrate
through these bodies almost an abSo-
lutte control of the land.
With this machinery for keeping the
Uitlanders out OF the government it
may be well imagined that the pres
ent condition of the laws of the Trans
vaal makes plenty for the Boer and
much hardship for the Uitlander. The
Uitlanders, who number, as has been
said, two-thirds of the white popula-
tion, pay 95 per cent. of the taxation,
according to the best estimates that
can be made. 1t was easy for the
Beers, who are nearly all farmers, to
arrange the tax laws so that they
would have such results.
But their grievances are more than
economic ones. A list of them was
given above, and it is only necessary
here to point out how all Of them have
arisen from the Beers belief that he
is owner of the land and that he has
right to make the Uitlander service
able to him.
Monopoly on Dynamite.
The dynamite monopoly is an in
stance. In the mining industries the
Transvaal needs an immense amount
nf 6Vna mite Nnr,in a 1lIy in nr1or fn
cure home manufacture of it mono
poly was granted. The firm, instead
of manufacturing, imports most of it's
dynamite, supplies very poor and
dangerous article and has doubled the
price.
railroad, which is so fostered by the
government that it can charge from II
to so times as much for hauling freight
as is charged in the United States.
The insistence on the Dutch lam
guage, or rather the Transvaal dia-
lect of it, being used in the
schools is a great cause of
trouble to English residents, for they
can find no means for giving their chill
dren such education at home as they
would wish. The later movements on
the part of President kruger's govern
ment, the gagging of the expression of
public opinion and the disarming of the
titIallueIS, are Ollly minor steps III
making secure the fruits of what his
system of laws and administration has
accomplished.
Most of the Uitlanders are, of course
English, and England conceives it has
right to protect it's emigrants and
citizens from such imposftions as these
Joseph Chamberlain touched on this
point in one of his great speeches on
the Transvaal question, justifyng the
right of intervention. Chamberlain JUS
titled the right of intervention, firstly,
because it was the right of every civ
lliZed power to protect its own sub
jects; secondly. because Great Britain
had the right of intervention under the
convention as the suzerain power, and
thirdly, because the convention had
been broken in letter and in spirit.
The general increase of restrictions
produced many protests from the Uit-
landers, and finally in December 1895,
they held a mass meeting in Johannes
burg, at which there were no speeches
on account of the gag law, and issued
a manifesto to the world about their
condition.
The Jameson Raid.
Outside of the Transvaal all this
time developments had been taking
place which resulted in an English
movement for their relief and the
manifesto was almost Immediately fol-
lowed by the Jameson raid. Jameson
was backed by Cecil Rhodes, manag-
ing director Of the British South Africa
company and premier of Cape Colony,
who was the great exponent of the An
glcizing of all Africa. The details of
Jameson's raid, beginning on the last