davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1899-02-11
LANCASTER AND CHESTER

LANCASTER AND CHESTER
RAILWAY.
BETWEEN CHESTER AND LANCASTER.
Schedule in effect Daily except Sunday
on and after Sept IL, 1898.
WESTBOUND EASTBOUND.
Nos. IA and l6. Nos. IL and Is.
A NJ. + M. A M. p M
81 55 Ar Chester Ly 100 700
SO7 OF Richburg IL 8S 745
8 IS 455 Bssoombville So 755
8 80 SS Fort Lawn 1912 Sl5
8 90 400 Ly Lancaster Ar125e s55
Connects at Chester with Southern
Rot'way, Seaooard Air Line and Car
oiina and North Western Railway.
Connects at ancaster with the Ohio
River Il Charleston.
Leroy Springs, Pres, Lancaster, S. C..
M Heath, G. p. A.,
w II Hardin. V p and Aud, Chester
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1899-02-11
An Old idea.

Every day strengthens the belief of emf.
nent physicians that impure blood is the
cause Of the majority Of our diseases.
twenty-five years ago this theory was used
- basis for the formula of Browns Iron
Bitters. The many remark able cures effected
By this famous old household remedy Are
spmcisnt 70 prove that the theory Il oorre~t,
Browns' Iron Bftters II solo BIZ all dealsru.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1899-02-11

Wild Beasts OF India.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1899-02-11

DIR. Mikes NERVE PLAsTERe cure RIIEUMh-
TLSM. WEAK BACKS. Al druggists, only e6c.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1899-02-11
NOTICE +!

To the Taxpayers of. Lancaster coun-
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15
AN IMPERAL REPUBLIC.

Before Julius Caesars time Rome
had become an imperial Republic, and
Froude says:
Republican Rome had become an
Imperial State. She had taken upon her
self the guardianship of every country
in the world where the human race was
Industrious and prosperous. and she
was discharging her great trust by sac
riicing them to the luxury and ambi-
ton of n few hundred scandalous poll
ticians. The nature of man Is SO con-
structed that a constitution so admins
tered must collapse. 1t generates fac
ton within, it invites enemies from
without"
So that our present imperial policies
and schemes do not possess even the
poor merit of Notwithstanding been
carried to the EXTREMIST pitch OF I'M
scrupulous venality and rapacity in
Republican Rome. before our present
chronology had even begun. But fools
VIII not learn even In the school of OK
pericnce, and Roman history will re-
peat itself here. because we have not
got sense enough to profit by Its teach
ings and warnings.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

appetite for pleasure. Wealth poured
in more and more, and luxury grew
more unbounded. Palaces sprang up in
the city; castles In the country; Villas
In pleasant places by the sea, and
parks. and fsh-ponds. and game-pre-
serves. and gardens, and vast retinues
of servants. When natural pleasures
had been INDUCED in to safety, pleas
ures which were against nature were
imported from the East to stimulate
the exhausted appetite. To make
money-money by any means, lawful
or unlawful-became the universal pas
sion. Money! the cry was still
money!-money was the one thought
from the highest Senator to the poorest
Comitia. For money, judges gave I'M
just DEGREES and juries gave corrupt
verdlcts. Governors held their prov
inces for one. two. or three years; they
went out bankrupt from extravaganza
they returned with millions for fresh
riot. To obtain a province was the
first ambition of Roman noble" . =
Under these conditions the chief
powers in the commonwealth necessari-
ly conferred in the rich. There was no
longer an aristocracy Of birth, still less
of virtue. The great commoners
bought their way into the magistrates.
Such generally the Roman Repub-
lie had become, or was tending to be-
come. in the years which followed the
fall of Carthage, 3. c. lac. Public spir-
1t in the masses was dead or sleeping:
the commonwealth was plutocracy.
The free forms of the constitution were
themselves the instruments OF corrup-
ton"
The Gracchi, a prominent family at
tempted a reform. and some progress
was made, when. at an election in
which Tiberias Gracious was a candi-
date, the plutocracy took armed pos
session of the polls. Votes were given
for Gracchus,' says Froude Had the
hustinSs been left to decide the mat
ter, he would have been chosen; but as
it began to appear how the polling
would go sticks were used and swords:
riot-rose1- the unarmed citizens were
driven off, Tiberius Gracious himself
and three hundred of his friends were
killed and their bodies were flung into
the Tibcr.
We will treat further Of this matter
in to-morrow's issue.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

for the consideration of the bill under
discussion. As n matter of fact. the bu-
reaus give little attention to the meas
urcs referred to them and the members
of the committees are largely elected
rs matter of form after being select
cd by the leaders of the different par
ties in the house. The special committee
studies the bill. amends il. or decides
10 report 1t or to suppress 1t as 1t Will,
and elects from its own number
commissioner whose business it Is to
represent the committee on the floor of
the house in the presentation and ar
gument on the bill as do the chairmcn
of committees in the United States. 1t
will he seen that instead OF the all-pow-
erful speaker. as in the United States.
determining the membership OF com
mittees and the important chairman
ships. the matter IS one partly Of lot,
partly of election. partly of agreement
among the leaders OF the different fac
lions in the house.
The president (epeakcr) OF the French
chamber is elected. to be sure. more or
less as party man, but when he be-
comes president he is supposed to act
as nonpartisan in all parliamentary
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

ter connected with their legislative or
administrative work; and when the
question takes the form of an Inter
relation. l. c.. a formal challenge on
the Cabinets policy. open To discus
SION. vote is taken to test the sense
OF the chamber. Ministries usually are
defeated in this way.
THE CIVIL SERVICE.
1t is unfortunately true in France
that the spirit OF party and The deter
minaticn to secure party advantage
has developed 20 an alarming extent
the "spoils system" in appointment to
Offices. The minister's, being depen-
dent upon the chamber of deputies for
their positions. find themselves com
PEELED To make many subordinate APP
pontments at the dictation of The mem
bers Of the chambers. Such appont-
mcnis are not confined merely to offices
which would be considered in the
United States rs belonging 10 the cen
trial government. but 10 many OF those
IL the local governments as we'll In
sill further ways, In order 10 hold its
position of power, the ministry OF the
day finds ITSELF compelled to bid for
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

decisions and to give friendly advice on
parliamentary methods TO any member
of the house. He determines largely
the order of business. precedence OF
bills, etc, but the house may. of course
make any notifications it sees fit His
impartiality is further insured also by
the fact that his secretary is n per-
mancnt official. who for many years
has been the leading parliamentary au-
thority in France. He occupies a seat
on the platform Immediately in the
rear of the president, and stands ready
to give him information, to furnish pre-
cedents, etc, at call.
instead of speaking from their posi-
lion on the floor. members speak from
INC tribune" Il desk Immediately II
front OF ana just below the prcsidcnNa
chair The president in recognizing
speakers in debates gives just repre-
sentation to all parties but, OF course,
The commissioners representing the diff
ierent committees and the members Of
the Cabinet, who hs1c special seats on
the floor are always given the prcce-
dence. Members Of the French cham
Der are more likely to shout out ex.
pEessions OF disapproval of the person
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

duced they are referred first to this
committee on parliamentary initiative
which decides whether they are worthy
of further consideration. As matter or
TACT. although the committee is sup
posed to exercise judicial discretion. it
practically passes all serious bills.
These are then printed and referred to
all the bureaus. After consideration
each bureau elects one or two of It's
members on special committee for de-
tailed study of the bill Committees
from the chamber of deputies. there
fore, consist of either eleven or TWENTY
two or. in the rarest cases, as in tha;
OF the budget committee of thirty
three members. The bureaus are sup
posed to select carefully from their own
number members especially equipped
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

speaking or to interrupt In other UNI
parliamentary ways than are members
OF the English or American house s
Even the president himself At times
does not hesitate to comment in ironl-
CAL humorous terms on the
speeches or actions of the members
occasionally also experts on subjects
OF immediate interest are invited To adj
uress the chambers. a practice unknown
in England or America. These dif.
ierences in customs tend to make the
french chamber while more apectacu.
lar IN many particulars. often less for
MAJ. II possible. than the chambers Of
other countries and an exceedingly in
tcrcsting body to observe at work.
The ministers may be questioned bv
members OF the houses upon any mat
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15
HAVE WAGES FALLEN>

Much has been said Of late about the
decilne or wages in the United States
and many reckless assertions have
been made. The labor Bulletin inst is
sued by the Commonwealth of Mnsso-
chusetts gives some statistics. which
VIII, no doubt. Startle the calamity
snouters. Comparisons are made for
the city of Boston as to wages paid in
the years 1870 and 1898. and also for
the average OF wages paid by eleven
other cities of the United States. In
1871 the average pay of blacksmiths
was Wis, IN 1898. $2.431a: blacksmiths'
helpers in 1870. 81. 40H, in 1895 81 59X
boilermakers in 1870. So 80, in 1898 81 &c.
noilermakcrs' helpers in 1870. 81 81. in
1898. Sl5S; bricklayers in 1870. s3.15 i'm
1888, S3.5l; cabinet makers In 1870. S214
in 1898. Sl.29; carpenters in 1870 50 20
in 1898. $2.52; compositors in 1870. - 70
IN lS9S. S2.Sl; hod carriers in 1870. sl.76
IN 1898. S2.Oo; iron moulders in 1870,
500. vA-lS9S $2G0: machnists in 1870
$3.50, in 1898. Si.41: painters in, 1870
S2.22. In 1898. $500; plumbers in 1S70
S2Si. in 1895. 1918
1t Is worthy of note that 1870 was
three years before the year in which
the blow was dealt to silver, and vet
wages in 1898, in every solitary in
stance mentioned. save one. were high
er in twelve cities OF the United States
than they were three wears before
the so-called decentralization of silver
That is something for the calamity
shouters to onsider.-Richmond Times
We clip the above from the Harrison
burg Spirit of the Valley, where II Is
copied with comments and onnIarso
that attracted our attention to If md
We assume that It is n correct repro-
duction OF the article as It appeared in
our Richmond contemporary.
Inc first thing to be remarked Is that
the period between 1870 and 1898 Ia Is
years. And why not take 1872 jpstcod
of 1870? Next, on adding ND the rates
1or 1910. rs given. the aggregate ia
$500: while the aggregate for 1S9s-2s
years after is only SOS 94.-or 60 cents
less than for 1870. How Is that? Both
tho Times and the Spirit of the Valley
say that the wages in 1898 were higher
In every Instance than in 1870, eXcept
in one case; but in looking over the rc-
ures, Is given, we find them lesser in
four trades. the same in one, and
though higher in seven instances. vet
in the aggregate 60 cents day less.
There are two established facts In po-
litical economy: the tendency, (other
things being equaD of all wages to
rise. even In old countries. but partic-
ularly in new countries after the first
epoch of settlement Is over and the
equal tendency of the prices of conf
modities and productions to fall. Yet,
in this period of 2S years. there is Il ral.
in aggregate wages of co cents Il day:
in reversal of the rule. ]. may be that
the figures given IN the Spirits reprint
arc erroneous; but in any case there
can be nothing to boast of in the way
OF Increase for over quarter OF q cen
tury. But it is the habit of our Repub-
lican organs to make much ado about
nothing.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

All this was written years ago: and
Yet it sounds as If 1t were written pur-
posely for the existing condition OF the
American Republic. Froude, however.
is writing history and making the phil
osophical deductions that are now so
evident from the facts Our Philippine
conquest, or "forcible annexation" pre-
senis an example Of an acquired prov
ince of which we are to remain Mis-
tress." but to which we are unable to
extend our own liberties" as co-equal
citizens of equal and independent
States. Our national homogencity IS
destroyed by this introduction of mil
lions of unassimlablc Malays, so differ
cnt in race and civilization. Our boosted
guardianship" OF them. as all We'll
know. will make the islands and their
inhabitants the prey of "a few hundred
scandalous politicians" and other ra-
pacious advcnturers: and we have en-
tered on career of expansion. subju-
cation and plumber that must speedily
end our own government unless
all history. philosophy and reason are
lies; and unless cause and consequence
have lost their connection and their sig
nificanCe
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

popular support. 1t Is an open secret
tnat very large proportion of the Sc
cret-service funds at the disposal of tho
ministry is used for substituting thu
newspapers in the interests of the gov
eminent of the day. 1t is expected too
that the government will have the mora
or less open assistance in elections of
the projects and other local officials
COUNCIL OF STATE.
BESIDES the cabinet there exists a
special institution under the name of
the council of state" established bv
Napoleon l., and maintained ever since.
yhich is supposed to give impartial ad.
vice 10 the president of the republic and
the members of the cabinet on all mat
iers OF public interest and at the re-
guest oil the legislature to make to IL
reports on matters of proposed legisla-
ZION. This Council of state" presided
over py the minister of Justice Is COM
posed OF several classes of councillors
called masters of requests" audit
ors, etc. all appointed by the president
of the republic. They are, in many
cases men OF learning, of impartiality
ana vide knowledge of public affairs.
The council of state" accompllshes
nucn good in preparing rules for pub
nc administration, but 1t accompllshes
htt'e IN the way of improving the type
of legislation, as the legislature seldom
consnlis ii. The cabinet asks Its aid
occasionally in preparing bill; the
senate much more rarely; the chamber
OF deputies practically never
COURTS.
There Is n system of courts begin
ming with local Justices OF the peace
and ascending through courts of APP
peal to Il final supreme court such as
e%ists In most civilized countries.
The President OF the Republic appoints
all judges with the aid of the Minister
al Justice. and. with the exception of
The justices of the peace. the tenure of
once is permanent. There are estab-
iished, however. for the settlement OF
disputes arising over questions af nd
mlnistrntion or between citizens and
adninist:at tive officials acting In their
oiIciai capacity, special administrative
courts unknown in England or the
United States. Such courts arc made
up III part of judicial officers. in part
OF men with special administrative
training. In this way there Is secured
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15
I.cri.lnf,yc 1ae1hnh.

The peculiar plan for the organiza-
ton of committees and for the conduct
OF the public business in the legislature
of France has given a model TO several
or the other states of Europe, but is
one which would hardly commend it,
self to Englishmcn or Americans who
believe In party responsibility. At the
beginning of each annual session and
each month therec fter the members of
the chamber of deputies are divided by
lot into eleven. those of the senate into
nine. bureaus. substantially equal in
number. These bureaus choose n
monthly committee. made up of an
equal number from each. on parliament
tary Initiative. When bills are intro
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

From the times" declares Mr..
Froude. when Rome became an en-
pirc. MISTRESS OF PROVINCES TO
WHICH SHE WAS UNABLE TO EN-
TEND HER OWN LIBERTIES" (notc
this vital Distinction THE DAYS OF
HER SELF-GOVERNMENT WE'RE
NUMBERED. 4 Homogeneous and
vigorous people may manage their own
affairs under n popular Constitution so
long as their personal characters do not
degenerate. Parliaments and Senates
may represent the general will of the
community, and may pass laws and adj
minister them as public sentiment ap-
proves. But such bodies can preside
successfully only among subjects who
are directly represented in them. They
are too ignorant. too selfish, too d.
vided, to govern others; and imperial
aspirations draw after them, by OBJ
vious necessity. an imperial rule"
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15
GOVERNMENTS OF
THE WORLD OF TO-DAY.
11-FRANCE.

(Concluded.)
BY JEREMIAH w. jerks, A. NJ.
PHI. d.
professor of Political Science Cornell
University
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15
DEFICIT IS DEFALCATION.

The Constitution OF the United States
Is very explicit in its declaration that
NO MONEY SHALL BE DRAWN
FROM THE TREASURY. BUT IN
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

This is an evil. loose and dangerous
method of conducting our public af-
lars. even if 1t were not SO plainlv
and grossly unconstitutional and II
certainly should not be allowed to CON
tihue' 1t is necessary. perhaps that
these deficits should be ignored by gov
eminent or Congress, and it would be n
perfectly lawful and Just way TO deal
with the most, IL not all. of them. and
every Official in the Federal service
from the President, heads of DEPART
nents. bureaux. judges,-down to tho
most subordinate disburser of publ,c
funds. should be taught that he crcotos
1t oencit IN any way at his peril either
by loss of Office. or prosecution under
the criminal law, or suit for civil
! damages.
The public Treasury has lost its chief
safeguard. If dollar can be taken
from 1t by any officer, on any pretext
without full warrant of law. In
obedience to the constitution; and the
national credit is exposed to every
ABUSE II anyone may borrow money.
or go In debt, upon It. without tho
plain authorization of Congress. Yet,
from the President, down to the humh-
lest fiduciary in the Federal serv,ca
IL Is the constant practice to do aII
these things. and with complete i'm
punity' In fact. this very day. in con-
sidering the S1,6oo.ooO, 900 appropriated
at the two sessions of the last Con-
sress. an estimate of deficits Is added
as If these We're not only usual. brt
legitimate expenditures. which the new
congress must provide for. though
made in contempt of Congress and tho
constitution!
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15
CONSEQUENCE OF ApPRoPRIA
TIONS MADE BY LAW"


But every deficit in national ac-
counts or appropriations is in direct
violation of this most important provi-
sion. II not also in violation of the
exclusive grant of power to Congress
10 borrow money on the credit of the
united States" or go in debt on that
credit. From a moral or legal point
OF view. 1t is u misrepresentation of
pubic money, or defalcation. To
constitute this crime, it is not neces-
sary that the money shall be applied
10 private or personal use; to use the
pubic money. or credit, at all with
out an existing appropriation by law,
10 that use. or purpose. is illegal and
criminal.
what do we see. however? Annually
there are deficits on top of deficits,
amounting to many millions, on almost
every account. and deficiency billy
nave become SO common that they are
expected. and passed as matters Of
course. as if in the order of ordinary
legislation; until now to create n de-
ilcit. by expanding money drawn from
the treasury without warrant, in ex-
cess of appropriations. or borrowed I'M
lawfully on the credit of the United
states. or by creating debt on that
credit. Is considered almost an official
duty even if no decent oretcxt can
truthfully be set up for it.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15
THREE CENTS PER cory.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

ION MA 60.
The vIRGINIAN-PILoT is delivered to
euhsoribers by carriers in Norfolk and
Vicinity Portsmouth, Berkeley, Suffolk,
West Norfolk, Newport Nows. for 10
cents per week. payable to the carrier.
by mail. to any place In tho United
States. postage free:
DAILY, ono Jcar $500
AZ six months 500
&" three mouths l.5o
=" ono month 80
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

ADVERTISING RATES: ADVERTISE
mcnts inserted Mt the rate OF rs cents a
Square. first insertion; each subsequent
insertion 40 cents. or so cents. when In
not allowed TO exceed their space or ed
vertise other than their legitimate bus:-
ness. except by paying especially Tor the
Same
:. Reading Notices invariably 20 cents FER
line first Insertion. Each subsequent in
Bert!on 16 cents
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

Ne employc of the vlrE.nian-PiIot Pub
fishing Company Is authorized TO CONTRACT
any obligation in the name OF the COM
pany, or TO make purchases in the name
OF the same. except upon orders signed by
tho PRESIDE OF THE COMPANY.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

In order to avoid delays. on account OF
personal absence. l.tters and all commu-
ncatlnns for The VlRGINIAN-PILOT
should not be addressed to any individual
connected with the office. but simply TO
Tho VIRGINIAN AND PILOT PUE-
LISTING COMPANY.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

These
by ""i be hed n"
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

Continued on Fifth Page.)
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-15

Rome Itself became a society of
powerful animals With an enormous
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1899-12-14
FANCY GOODS AND ART
NOVELTIES,

From New York's largest manufac-
turers and importers at much lower
prices than you have ever before seen
them sold.
Hand embroidered, hand painted
and fancy Sofa Pillows, Fancy Vel.
our, Tapestry, and stamped Cushion
tops. Stamped Linen Doylies and
many other articles which early buy
ers will find desirable.
Choice assortment Hemstitched
lunch Cloths, laundry Bags, collar
and cuff Boxes, embroidered and
painted satin pin cushions, fancy
table covers, Dresser Scarfs, covers,
Doylies, trinket Boxes and pin Trays
in endless variety, Smokers Sets and
Tables in most unique designs, writ
ing Desks, fancy calendars, Tripli-
cate mirrors, fancy mirrors, Bisque
Figures, magic Lanterns, Picture
Frames, medallions, music Boxes,
Opera Bags Photo Albums, Photo
Boxes, Thermometers, Jewel cases,
Mirrors, Brush and comb sets, and
many other desirable novelties.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1899-12-14
JUNCTION GETS A GUN.
Philippine Cannon Placed in That
City's Park.

The members Of Co. l. from Geary
county brought home for junction
City a Philippine cannon and on
Tuesday it was formally received by
the city. The gun was formally pre-
sented to the city by Lieut.. Callahan,
representing the Geary county goth
Kansas boys. The trophy was accept
ed by Mayor Humphrey on behalf OF
the city. Following this came an
address by Hon. 0. H. Coulter, fol,
lowed by DR.. J. X. Miller, Capt.
Robert Henderson and J. B. Callen.
Lieut.. Callahan gave splendid