davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1899-06-30
Llkssll Ilt.

Liked II. Y "
Maud Did George kiss you last
night when lie left? Ii
Enthusiastically he did not. Why
do yon ask? s & Il :,s
Manufacturing, only he just told
me that lie liked your cheek.
I Lanes Family Medicine.
Moves the bowels each day. In order
TO be healthy this Is necessary. Acts
,rently on the liver and kidneys. Cures
sick headache. Price rs and soc.
Gray wells, it is said, keep the face
from tanning more effectively than
those ofaDy other tint.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1899-06-30

$4,000 Fer Month and ExPenses 3
to an activelady to travel for old established Man
nfacturing House. Experience not necessary. Ad-
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1899-06-30

9t1e Permanently urei. Nonts nervousness after
Srss day's use OF DR.. kne's Great Nerve Restorer.
Send for FREE $500 trial bottle and treatise.
I'M r. III kLINE. Ltd. g3l Arch ST., Philadelphia. EA
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1899-06-30

Halls Catarrh Cure
I Il taken internally. Price, &c.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1899-06-30

"A poor man without principle is
usually devoid OF interest.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21
THE ADMIRAL'S FLAG
HAS BEEN REVIVED FOR AO-
MIRAl DEWEY.
Origin and History OF This Symbol
of the Com mandcr-in-c chief of the
American Navy something Inter-
eating About Its Evolution.

The Admiral's flag, the symbol of the
commander-in chief of the navy, has
been revived for Admiral Dewey, ana
Il should be of interest to us to know
something about its beginning and its
evolution In the service of our country.
II has been generally believed that
Farragut was the first officer In the
United States navy to win the Official
title of admiral, but such is not the
fact-thc rank was ninety-onc years
older in the record of the service.
On the 22d of December 1910, the
Continental Congress commissioned
Essex Hopkins, an old and experienced
seaman, commanderin-chie of the
navy, and George Washington officially
addressed him as Admiral Hopkins.
In the following year Admiral Hop
kins put to sea from Philadelphia with
his squadron of four ships and three
sloops. and the Alfred-the flag ship
carried Hopkins flag, a square, yellow
silk affair, bearing pine tree, rattle
snake in the act of striking. and the
motto, Don't Tread on Me- This flag
was sent aloft by Lieut.. John Paul
Jones.
This insignia of flag rank was really
more akin to some Of the State or colo
NAL flags than to any previous symbol
Of naval dignity, and was mercy per-
sonal fancy of Hopkins for the right
eousncss Of his cause.-the pine tree
appeal to heaven-and the determined
wards his lands oppressors.
Just how long this flag remained In
the service is Questionable; but as no
one succeeded Hopkins in the solitary
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21

dignity of commander-in-chief. it is
highly probable that the flag went with
him when he left the navy in III.
The union jack. or the British ensign.
had long before become the recognized
insignia of flag rank in the kings navy
being carried at the main. the fore, or
the m!zzenmast accordingly as the
squadron commander We're an admiral
q vice admiral or a rear admiral; and
with the statutory adoption of a nation
al ensign on our part on the 14th of
June, 1117. we had something other
than personal choosing upon which to
base our own markings of naval senior
ity. That resolution declared. That
the flag of the thirteen united states
be thirteen stripes. alternate red and
white; that the union be thirteen stars
white in a blue field, representing Il
new constellation"
That act at once gave us blue flag
with thirteen stars TO be carried by
our flag officers, but the democratic
spirit of the Americans was too strong
for repetition of SO aristocratic sound
Ing a title as admiral. The ranking
officers of the service We're captains.
aud, agreeably to continental practice,
the senior captain present could carry
only simple triangular penant. Gus
tom IS a pretty strong thing. even
though set by your enemy, and In the
shape of our flag we followed the ex-
ample our British forebears set, while
we gave TO our captains commanding
squadrons the temporary title of com
modore."
Up to their main trucks. these com
modores" hoisted their blue triangular
fags-not rightly the commodore's
swallowtan Of European navies-with
their single big white star enc!rcled by
ring of twelve smaller ones.
In ISIS. with the presence OF twenty.
one States in the Union the old forma.
ton of single large star surrounded
by its circle of smaller ones made II
difficult TO keep the dag within easou.
able limits and still preserve the circlet
OF fairsized stars, and. consequently,
In 1887. when the Union had doubled
Its original strength. the stars were re-
arranged.
In 1874. however though there were
still but twenty-six States in the Union.
We find the broad pennaut changed 10
the legitimate burgee or swallow-tail
Of commodore. That was significant
that the commodore" even though the
rank were only a brevet. intended TO
assume all OF the privileges that he
knew he ought to have, even W. le
Congress had failed to make his title
. legal one
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21
EVOLUTION OF EXPOSITIONS.
How Worlds Fairs To-day Little
Display Of China In Paris n Century Ago.

suggestion. Thus originated the first
Crystal Palace" The total cost of the
building was SSJO,OO0. This show
proved a success. Before the opening
5000, 900 had already been received FOR
season tickets. and during the six
months ii remained open the average
number of daily visitors was 1896.
At It's close there remained n balance
of S15O,OOO above all expenses.
The year 1893 saw two Crystal Pal
ace shows IN OPERATION That of New
York was organized by a few in1uen-
tinl citizens of wealth rs II stock com
pany. with the end in view of bringing
the manufactured goods of the Old
World here to be placed In comparison
with those Of the New. The other
show of the year was that held In Dub
lin. This. TOO, while very successful
as an exhibition, did not attract the
international interest ii mcrltcd, nor
did II In financial way prove sue
cess.
The next great exposition was that
Of Paris. held in 1880. Preparations
for this exposition were begun as early
rs 1858. but up to February. 1854, little
progress had been made. SO slow did
the work progress that the EXPOSE
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21

allowance of cabin furniture. and their
flags were mistakenly saluted by for
elgners rs those of vice and Of rear adj
mirals, instead of as only brevet com,
modores.
Next, in 1893. Secretary Toucey, who
seems TO have taken pretty lively in
terest in such naval details ordered
captains in command of navy yards.
who, by order of the department, have
commanded squadron, will be al
lowed to wear the flag authorized by
the general order of May IS. 1855. on
the receiving sh' p attached to the sta.
ton. Should there be no receiving shin
attached to the station. then AT any
suitable place in the yard under his
command
The senior flag officer of the navy
Will wear his flag ar the main"
At that time Capt. Charles Stewart
was the senior captain of the navy. and
in being authorized to hoist his flag NJ
the main. he was complimented al
though not pad. As a full admiral The
order also gave Il Quasi-permaneucy 70
flag rank.
Finally, in March of 1861. two DAYS
before Mr. Toucey retired. he issued
the following order: When officers
entitled To wear flags meet. or are in
the presence Of each other, the senior
shall wear the plain blue nag pre-
scribed by general order; the next in
rank a plain red one OF similar dimeu-
stons. and the next in rank plain
white one: each resuming the plain blue
nag when they separate"
All this while We had had conmo-
dores in name and by departmental
regulation. but no such rank existed
legally prior 10 the ACT OF 1862. which
also provided for nine rear admlralS. 70
he selected because OF their professions
al skill aud gallantry. That act pre-
scribed that the three senior rear ad-
miralS shall wear a square flag at the
main masthead; the next three. ~ the
fore topmaSt head aud all others At the
mizzen''
Farragut. by virtue OF this law. was
comm SSioued the senior rear ADMIRAL
and hoisted the plain square blue flag
At the main OF the Hartford; and II IS
memorable that that was the first oc-
casion on which an admrals flag was
legally hoisted at the main.
The arhitrariueSs. however. OF hoist.
Ing rear admirarS nag ~ the main.
instead Of at the mizzen. where the Gus
tom OF other naval powers had placed
II long years before. soon became ap.
parent. and, al the Instance OF Richard
II. Dana. then In Congress, the carria ge
or the tag was made uniform and
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21

S12 s early AZ 1907 the Marquis
IN d'Aveze, having received the ap-
poIntment as commissioner of the
Royal Manufactures of the GobclinS.
OF Scvrcs, ana OF the Savonnerle. found
that the turbulent times of the revolu-
tion had so discouraged the industrial
arts that the skilled workmen of these
places were reduced to starvation,
while the store rooms were filled with
the choicest productions of their art.
This condition gave him the Idea OF
holding an exhibition where tapestries,
china and carpets could be gathered
together and n great sale he'd.
The then unused chateau of 81. Cloud
was taken for this purpose. but on the
day of the opening n decree of the Ill
rcctory hanishing the nobility was Is
sued, and he was compelled To quit
France. and return the following year.
and, on the failure of his first attempt
originate another exhibition, which
proved very successful This was held
at the Chateau de Orsay. where the
house and grounds were filled with
beautiful and useful stuffs and wares
of all varieties.
The success Of this undertaking
caused the government to take up the
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21
Two Happy Thoughts.

From far-away Ceylon comes a funny
little story. \ tea planter who had a
glass eye was DESTROYS of going away
for days shooting with a friend. but
he knew that as soon as the natives
who We're at work on the plantation
heard that he was gone they would not
DO a stroke of work. How was he to
get OFF? That was the question. After
much thought an idea struck him. Co
.ug up 10 the men he addressed them
thus:
Although l myself will be absent
yet l shall leave one of my eyes TO see
that you do your work" And much TO
the surprise and bewilderment Of the
natives. he took out the glass eye and
paced IL on the stump of a tree and
left. For some time the men worked
.ndustriously: but at last one of them
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21

abroad, the war of the rebellion having
nterfered with any pretentlous display
being made in London In 1862. 1t is
estimated that the total number of Wis
itorS to this great show exceeded A.
100000. The total cost of the buildings
was $2,356. 605, or $143 per square foot
covered. 1t Closed with net profit Of
$500 ,G54, dividends being declared Of
$5o3,200. The remaining amount was
devoted to public works.
EXpositlons were held In Moscow
and Copenhagen In 1872, but were more
national In character, confined as they
were to the products Of the country
In which they were held.
4 decree issued by the Austrian En-
peror. May -. 1870, announced that
under the august patronage of his i'm
perlal and royal majesty, the En-
peror an international exhibition
would be he'd in Vienna in 1873" To
this end an appropriation by the gov
eminent of 100000 was made, and
LATER rs the work progressed. an addi-
tional appropriation of $4,000, 900 more
WIS louuU l ulVtISHl Inter-
est was shown in this great undertake
Ing. the foreign governments selecting
from among their most eminent men
their representative commissioners. An
idea of the magnitude of this great
show may be CLEANED from the fact
that there were in all 2,602 awards
made. the total number of exhibitors
being about 1000. rhe total cost of
buildings and accessories was $3.50.
600. Receipts from visitors. 81 ,2S3.
CASTS This with the additions to rev.
enue from concessions and sale of
buildings, was far from enough to
cover the great expense incurred the
deficit being met by the government.
The Centennial International Exposi.
ton of Philadelphia. in 1876, which
gave such an impetus to art in Amer
lea. as wei! as all Succeeding exposi.
tons at home and abroad. is remem.
hered too we'll by all to come within
The scope of this article.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21

the government resolved 10 hold an
uusl exhibitions of like character. but
the disturbed condition OF the country
prevented Il repetition until the year
1901. The third exposition. held in
lSu2. saw the origina;iou of the Societe
d Eucoura cement, which has been Il
powerful. AID TO French manufactures
Tn this occasion there were Goo prize
competitors. 1t was 1T this exposition
that cotton lace and silk thread were
first shown and a prize was awarded
for the manufactures OF iron by means
OF coke
No further efforts were successful un-
Ill in 1912 when another exposition
was held, after which those Of 1873
aud lS41 occurred with varying sue
cess. LII l>44 the teuth and last expo
sitiou during the reign OF Louis Phil
Ippe SAW 3.SG0 exhibitors participating.
Another exposition on a grand scale
WAS that Of 1870 Nearly 5000 eXhib-
.tovs We're represented and 3.1SS prizes
were awarded. The exhibition contiu-
ued fo, >Nly days. and its results were
So beneficial that other nations began
60 realize It's Importance TO trade.
Three other countries had previously
given eNpOsitious Of a more or less local
nature. Such were those that had been
held in Russia. Denmark. and Aus
Wia. aud many Of great Importance
had been held IN Belgium.
In the British domluious eXpositious
had been held both IN Manchester and
Leeds, and one III Dublin As early as
1877. II rtmaiued for England 10 pro-
mote The first actual international in
dustriGl eXpoSit!on-that Of 1851. Al
the frs meeting OF the commissioners
II was decided 10 rely wholly upon vol
uulary contributions. aud when an ap-
peal WAS made fund Of $1,000, 600
was soon raised. One single coutribu-
tor headed the list with the large
amount Of $3.50. 600. Designs for the
building were submitted by architects
Of MI nations. \ plan suggested by
Sir Joseph Paxton was the one chosen.
bur TO Mr.. Fox. Of the firm of Fox Allen
derSon. IS due the credit OF having orig
mated that new style OF architecture
which WAS afrerward dubbed the Fer
70 Nitreous" style. he having worked
on. and made possible Sir Joseph 5
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21


come set to distinguish between officers
OF the same rank carrying broad pen
nants. The senior commodore carried
n blue flag with white stars, the next
commodore Junior to him carried red
flag with white stars, while, should n
third be present junior to both of the
others, his flag, for the time, became
white with blue stars. When apart on
their separate commands each carried
the blue pennant of seniority.
In 1887, the title of flag officer" was
legally introduced In our service-Con-
gress directing that "Captains in com
mand of squadrons" should be styled
flag officers" and Preble says: "OfIi-
GERS so appointed, for want of regula-
ton on the subject, continued to wear
the broad pennant of Il commodore or
hoisted the square flag of an admiral,
as they deemed proper
Still the fleeing honor Of the title
and the right but temporarily to the
flag was as much a cause of annoyance
as 1t was in 1872 We all know of the
glorious work of Porter in the Essex;
now he cftd Tea Il meet out OF MS squad
ron of prizes, ana how his subordinates
called him commodore and recognized
his well-won right to the broad pen
nant; yet, to use the language of the
time, Secretary Thompson's order ''un-
shipped his stars and degraded his
title" when Porter came ashore.
The lack Of harmony among the flags
carried by officers led Secretary Isaac
Toucey. in 1853, to prescribe: ut is
hereby ordered that In lieu Of the broad
pennant now worn by flag officers in
command Of squadrons. they shall
wear a plain blue flag Of dimensions
prOportionate to the different classes of
vessels prescribed for the jack.
Flag officers whose date Of commits
sion as captain is over twenty years
shall wear it at the fore; all others at
the miZZen."
In effect, although not otherwise, this
order introduced the grades of flags Of
the vice and the rear admiral, while the
officers themselves remained merely
captains but for the modest additional
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21

ton. which was to have opened on the
LIST OF May, was delayed until the 18th
OF that month. The main building. the
the iaiais de rlndustrie. was not built
as temporary structure. as such
buildings had previously been. bur was
intended to remain as Il permanent
building for exposition purposes. In
all, the floor space of this great eXposi-
ton reached the total of twenty-nine
acres. The exhibitors numbered some
2l.ooo. of which number France con-
trlbuted one-half. This exposition.
which differed from all previous ones
IN the great variety Of its objects and
extent of productions. was closed in
person by the Emperor with great
ponp and ceremony on Nov. IL. l>55
In 1857 Manchester held her Fine
Arr and Manufactures Exhibition "
Here. in n tireproof building. with
a floor space. including galleries
of l1l.Ho square feet. was gathered
one OF the most remarkable collections
of art works that had ever reposed
under one roof. In 1S61 United Italy
held an exhibition of some Importance
at Florence, the displays of which
were classified under the heads indus
trial. fine arts, agricultural and horti
cultural.
The next exposition of universal in
terest was that held IN London. The
Exhibition OF Art Works OF Al Ma.
tons" OF 1862. The total area under
roof was 9ss,oo0 square feet. a greater
space than that occupied by any pre-.
v.ous exposition. The total cost was
So. l5o,oor. or about S2ls per square
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21
TO mako II universal In the scope Of the

TO mako II universal In the scope of the
articles displayed. as well rs the ma
tons participating. m invitation was
extended to the workers of the world,
and formal Invitations were Issued to
the foreign governments. The roofcd
area was thirty-siX and three-tenths
acres. The exhibits were SO arranged
that each nation occupied n separate
was formally opened on the LIST of
April, 1867, with the most gorgeous
ceremony. The American exhibit was
by far the finest we had ever made
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21
The Economy of RuoDe

Rubbers are proMglous Ho'
ers-in two ways: they save sh
or and doctors bills. Inc oe
IN the world soon crack anu ~
II you wear them in the ram d
and slush. A pair of 50 shoes y.
beers will outwear a pair VI ~
without rubbers. And as TOT
bills. a 5o-cent pair of rubber
have saved many hundreu'uO
tors bill. to say nothing OF tne
fort of being sick and the ~
pneumonia or consumption '
The Churchman.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21
C'annOns.

Cannons for use in warfare az
have been made of many sun
which would appear very unsul
OR modern ideas. 1t must, u
be remembered that in the ear
of artillery powder was very
and slow burning. and the ran
very small. The wear ana teal
fore. on the bore of the gun
nothing compared to what II
For instance, the Swedes In the
GuStavus Adolphus used cal
leather. and in 1859 similar
We're made in Scotland under u
ton of Sir Alexander Hamlll'
had seen service in Sweden.
have also been made Of WOO
stone. sometimes lined with a
metal and sometimes not. Came
of almost pure gold have Dee'
IN India. 1t is said that aftel
left Mexico the Mexicans trleu
tate his cannon in terra cotta'
has been credited with an exp
In paper guns. that IS 10 80
pieces of small caliber comps
metal core surrounded by con-
paper pulp. Such guns W.
course. be very mucn nsn'
would be much easier TO carr
than metal guns. Or guns ho'
warfare the most curious wei
used 70 fire salutes at Winter
Petersburg in the year l'4o' "
guns We're made of ice. IL IL .
they had an effective range
yards. and that they all wllnS
test Of iring without bursting
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21

idea, aHd the first official exposition
was held on the Champ de Mars. where
n 'remple of Industry" had been erect
ed for the purpose. AT this exposition
was inluguratcd the jury system of
awards. So successful did il prove that
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21

agreeable to custom, w,tbou, -
the admlrars seniority. As
farragut lowered his fac ~
main and raised it at the miz,on
a rear admiral's flag should av
On his promotion to vice adv,
18Th he shifted his tiag to tbe ell
In 1866, when created a fur n
again hoisted the same Main h,J
at the main truck.
III 1876 a distinctive flag-apaI
us position on the ship-was \
Tor him. and then, for the fir,
appeared the -four white star.
center, forming a diamond" IN
admiral had three stars, tho r.
mlral two, while the comm1
broad pennant bore one-the ers|
central big one of days gone bv|
he had a whole constellation.
Admiral Farragut first bo,s,sl
new flag on the frigate Franz
June, 1867, and it was saluta]
seventeen guns.
All went well till 1869, vbp|
union jack, hoisted at the main
declared the flag of the Sacra,]
the Navy, and, having taken tbe|
out OF the ensign, In a spirit Of
ent sentimental economy, It wal
ther ordered that the remaining !
OF Old Glory should do duty Al
boIs OF flag rank. Accordingly \
m!raIs flag became a rectIlinear|
of thirteen plain, horizontal strII
ternate red and white, worn \
main, the vice admiral having thl
nag carried at the fore, while M
admiral glOried in the same thing
miZZen.
Farragut bitterly opposed
change, and, in fact, never cou|
to it; all of his association
wrapped up in what his four.d
flag represented as the culmlI
and when he died. the following
it was his old flag that was tel
laid upon his bier in Response
own request that his flag be
with him.
In 1876, "for various reasons.
ing past usages and services, al
the convenience Of distinguish
relative rank of officers Of the|
grade the striped flag making|
possible to establish seniority
old custom of the blue, the red
white flag, the Secretary restor|
blue four-star flag of the admire
so it continued till the death Of d
inheritor of Farragut's official d
The department has given Al
Dewey the flag so dear to FarI|
his master in the art of war, an|
proud he is of it for what itmea
by association and then for u
evinces as a token of his nation
itude for work so nobly done.
To the layman 1t may be hard
derstand the pride and feeling
flag officer toward his bit Of b
but it is something toward wh
has Striven through all the years
varying career. in all its stor
sunshine. and once he has broke
the breeze afloat in the fullness
preme command. 1t typifies the
ment of his fondest hope and thu
ty of that grace which has let b
through all the perils of his call
the day of his exaltation. He d
of it as Il small boy, cadet and
realized it as a grayhaired M,
admiral. after nearly half a
Of faithful service.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21

seiz.ng his tin. IN which he carried his
food. approached the tree, and gently
placed it over the eye. This done. they
all lay down and slept sweeuy uuill
sunset
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-09-21

In Japan poor children nav
with their names ana au"'es.
around their necks' as d >
against being lost.