The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10

part OF participation in the risings, were hanged
sent 10 labor in the galleys the mines whilst
the women and children were carried away into
slavery In CASTLE. After Don Juans capture
OF the Moorish stronghold Ghlera in Feb. 1870,
the Moriscos sued for terms Don Juan, hine1lf.
begged for clemency for the vanquishod but the
fanatics would not hear OF IT, and, TO his indigna-
ton, he was ordered 10 e1pel from Andalusia, the
land which the labor Of their forefathers for CEN
| turtles past had made garden, every human being
| who bore the faint Of Moorish blood. tits" wrote
| Don Juan 10 Ruy Gomez, "the saddest sight imag-
Unable TO soc the depopulation Of whole kingdom"
| but, Notwithstanding his protests by the end OF
1870 the patient thrifty. industrious Morisco
| deniZcns OF Andalusa had been hunted out Of
their native country.
Ill.
The expulsion OF the Moors from Valencia did
not take place as have said; until forty years
later Notwithstanding tho expulsion of the
Moriscos from Andolusia by Philip IL, there
was at the beginning Of the seventeenth century
| large population OF Moorish descent In the king
| dom OF Valencia, as, indeed, there IL today, In
spite Of relentless attempts 10 eliminate the stock.
Accusations, true false were continually brought
| against the Valencian Moriscos Of conniving at
the descents Of the Barbary Moors on the Spanish
coasts The Duke Of Lerma, the Primo Minister
Of Philip Ill, was Valencian Of pure Christian
descent and like most OF his class ha tod the Morris
COS bitterly; as Vslencian viceroy, he had been
especially severe upon them Generally speaking,
they were, as the Andalusian Moriscos had been,
| industrious, thrifty and thriving They had
made OF the "huerta" OF Valencia one of the most
smiling spots Of the world, and the silk fabrics
they produced in the city We'd with the finest
products Of the East As early the middle Of
the sixteenth century. the young Mary Queen Of
Scots received gift Of blue and rod silk stockings
from Valencia as being Of tho finest quality in the
world Their Christan neighbors had always
looked upon the Morsco artisans Of Valencia
with jealousy and hatred, and repeatedly repre-
scented to the kings that they occupying space
and eating food which should belong 10 Spaniards
| OF pure descent Bigot though he was Philip
IL had been too wise TO drive them out entirely
so long they were professed Christians and paid
their taxes regularly. But in the next reign,
Lerma was quite lacking in political foresight
and listened only TO his own provincial intolcr-
ance, and TO the advice Of fanatical churchmen
like the famous Ribera, Archbishop OF Valencia
who in 1900 and 1904, violently urged the King
TO cIpd all the vile breed Of Mohammed from his
dominiona
AS it happened, when peace was concluded be-
TWEEN Spain and England, in 1904. James L sent to
Philip I'LL some letters he had found amongst
Queen Elizabcth's papers showing that the Valen-
clan Morscos had been carrying on a cores
pondenco with her and the Swiss Protostants
TO bring about a rising In Spain. This discovery
naturally caused tho persecution Of the Moriscos
be renewed. Again and again, Archbishop Ribera
urged that they should be all expelled seeing
that they could not DO all killed: he would have
preferred the latter mode of treatment They
were, he said only pretended Christians, and he
denounced them the sponge Of
Sna nioh
the natural sterty of the land upon
which they worked, and the heavy burden
Of taxation which they bore, they were always
well Of whereas Christians were starving. Their
industry and fr1gaity constituted, in fact the
principal reproach against them. II was further
noted that they were increasing rapidly for they
married early, and their numbers were not dimin-
ished by the habit Of entering monasteries, or by
loss through wars and cuigrations There had
been 49, 900 Morisco families in Valencia in 1873;
thoro were $4,000 in 1899. When the wholesale
expulsion OF them mooted, however most
Of tbs MOBILES and land owners protested vigorously
against being deprived of such good tenants
and Some of the prelates even had their doubts
and appealed to tho Pope to temper the zeal of
the Archbishop "Reminiscences and appeals
were fruitless on Sept %. 1909, the Marquis of
Caracenn, Viceroy OF Valencia, issued the edict
OF expulsion With the exception OF six OF the
oldest and most Christian" Moriscos in each
village OF q hundred souls, who were to remain
and teach their SUCCESSORS their modes Of cutiva-
ton all Of them, without distinction Of SEX, were
TO be shipped within three days for itarbary, on
pain of death, and they were to DO permitted to
take with them only such portable property as
they could personally carry Very many were
plundcred and murdered on their way TO the ports
or on board the ships which they had chartered
Tho greed Of tho Christians knew no limit II
being whispered that the Moriscos were selling
some OF their property in order 10 carry away
money, such sales were prohibited, and the exiles
were sent away pennilcss BY March TO- 1910
tho Kingdom Of Valencia was pronounced deliver
ed from its most useful citizens During the
preceding six months over 10000 Morscos
had been bounded out Of the land which their
forefathers had possessed for centuries Contom-
poraneously, similar explosions were effected
of such Moriscos as remained In Aragon, Cata-
lonia, Murcia and Andalusia: especially erievous
was ths fate OF the Chrstianized Moors in CASTLE
La Mancha and Estremadura, whore they had
become so intimately allied by marriage N the "old
Christians as To be hardly dstinguishable from
them Mr. Hume accepts as the most probable
the moderate estimate given by Father Belda of
the total number Of Moriscos driven al this time
from Spain the total is placed at 500 600 10 which
however, must he added the great numbers who
lieu DclOrc inc puDllcaHOn OF the edlct and those
who were sacrificed by tn. Inquisiton, or were
murdered With the expelled Moriscos went
most Of such arts and industries as up to that
time had survived
In the chapter allotted TO Charles II, the last
Austrian King of Spain, the reader will look in
vain for any Justification OF the qualities attributed
by Victor Hugo in "Ruy Bias to Dona Maria
Anna OF Neuburg. to whom Charles was married
in 1854 THIS lady is described as greedy, rapa-
cious and virago" Victor Hugo seems to have
transferred to her the traits Of Charess FIRST wife
Marie Louise of Orleans the daughter of the
brother OF Louis XIV, by Henrietta Of England,
daughter Of CharlesL She Is depicted as "a light
hearted creature, extremely beautiful frankly
pagan in her animal enjoyment OF life as belitted
girl brought up amidst the cynical
dissoluteness Of her unces court" The
| Mistress of the Robes To Quecn Marie
| Louise was a harsh imperous old woman
named the Duchess Of Terranova, who began
tyrannzing over the girl as soon as abe entered
| Spanish territory. and mover ceased 70 reproach