davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09
CommItted x,,c,a.

Tyler, Tex, March THE body of
- r. Ewing, a member Of the TYLER
Ranking company. was found IN tho
Tyler Bof;llng works Near him was
found an empty morphine bottle. indj.
eating suicide. Deceased was
several indictments for violation OF she
state banking laws.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

The monotcnous regularity with
which insanity Is put forth as a de-
Tense In murder trials reminds one of
the fact that the alleged crazy persons
never kill a chicken or other animal.
They are Just ane enough TO select a
human being.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

The sultan Of Oman granted a coal
ing station 10 the French and then
changed his mind and revoked the
grant His later meditations on the
subject have been assisted BY three
British var ships.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

The Chicago couple who were denied
the pleasure Of a honeymoon trip be-
cause thieves stole their wedding
clothes have a grievance that the
courts cannct too thoroughly avengs.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

There Is said TO be little sympathy
for Eagan in Washington As we gGl-
deTstand II. Eagan has something SO
substantial that he can manage 10 wig
gle along W IL he is deprived Of
ON sentiment.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

The stockholders Of the Kseley mo
tor seen anxious 10 ylndicate the ate
Nr. Keeiey, but then they are not max
ing additional investments in stock
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

The king o. Italy is the only Tege-
tartan among European monzrchE and
the only king BOW living who Was sysr
wounded in battle.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

That New York judge who says he
believes In suicide furnishes another
example Of the powerful influence OF
the Law Of environment
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

TOul0n, March 7
magazine Of la Got
Seine and Toulon. In
exploded yesterday
the soldiers on dut
were killed and n
itants Of the surrou
buildings in which
fell victims. Forty
ready been recovery
1.-THE explosion is not
Flfty-two kilogral
powder exploded. /
a volcanic eruption
country being swept
in a radius of w
stroyed, trees over
torted, fields devast,
with stones and blac
|the stones are enorm
ling fifty k~ll0gramme
|urb of Ponedelas.
|plosion are seviden ii
.of Toulon and In tn
Jean de Var, fiy
Windows were shat
battered in. Later r,
the seven sen1ies,
outright and the otl
jured, the corporal
scalped and the scalp
face like a veil. A |
soldiers are now emp
the debris. 1t
ascertain accurately
killed, but ID is beliey,
han 100 were injure
vas a clear night the
as to produce
Fortunately the mel
ines escaped. 1t is n
xpl0sion originated
imposition in sino
here is no suggested
he whole city Is in I
&c government and mi
.es are forwarding r,
ockroy, minister of n
10000 francs
have succum
Ii is believed
Ill buried in the deb
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

Decatur, Ala. March IA terrific
storm of wind. hail and lightning
struck this place. doing great damage
and causing the loss Of four lives.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

. Cincinnati. March IA specisI fran
Morgantewn- W. Va. says: FIre WAS
started by an explosion in Mechanical
hall OF the West Virginia uplyers5rv
and burned the building TO tie rrour.I
LDes. $4,000. v'h'-
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

In not predicting the total failure Of
the fruit crop somebody has been over-
looking q prolonged series Of oppor-
funiffes.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09
ITALY TURNE]
~eInses ItaIy's
Lcnse of Co..

M gefuse. It.Ix,.
Lease NJ San n
ling March To
. uas returned IL
fi ans his dis .h
o. the Aan
1 %ss o. sat Nln I'D
,,'lons that Germd
pay ~accompanyiI
4, ec 8 that he |
ms = unable to gran
I doo, March G.-TI
|I a'ent Of the Daily
Ee an %warships have
|aia, Nun bay. thus
Pssssion. Italy will
In nor the concession
wa wishes to redr
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

A little fellow dosn at Pana, H.,
was poisoned from chewing newspa-
pers. IL people will take those ~em-
halmed" anti-expanslon newspapers
great care should be taken TO keep
them cut OF the reach Of the little
ores.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

a fortune awaits the inventor OF q
nickel which dropped IL the s,Ot wiz
make . cable q appear.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

Tie Spanish cortes x7ii hardly be so
reluctant ar was the United States
senate il rztitYing that s20.sge 90.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

heckuli. Iowa. March Z. William
Wo-sis was run over by the RurlInr.
TON switch engine and instantly kills,;
lie was formerly aerpsident OF Ames
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

Toa cznt prssszt tie szn from set
ting bg ssCrE5ng yOur clock
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

When the Sword aaa Ire pen EIn
forcsE, Al in General Kings case s1c-
cess i Inevitable
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

It's difficult for Een 70 check their
expenses. Enless thsy have : hank szl-
szee.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

Caracas. Nenez.. March The gov
eminent troops have defeated the rev.
oiufionists near Moro Cages.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09
STRUCK a
Large Steamer Lurking I'm the River
Near ClarkHeld. Tenn.

c1arkyille. Tenn. March Z. The
steamer III. ii. Buttorf struck the
Louisville 4 Nashville bridge at this
place. As b boat Is across the river
from the city nothing is known as TO
the fate OF the passengers. In is be-
lieved the boat has sunk hut that
many If not all the passengers es-
capped.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

The best IS TIE cheapest but the
ehszgeEs Azr zIEzys the best
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

Remember whsa yCu break the
silence that the Least said Is the so0a-
e$z mertIoned
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09
Shielded whu. I.....

Lac qui Parle. Mimi, March 4.
Mrs George Gleddie Of this place hung
herself in her own house. She has
been mildly insane for years.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09
Germany Want. the C.rou..

Madrid. March 1.-Germany IL saia
10 nave renewed the negotiations for
the purchase OF the Caroline islands.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

Letters Of Gecit mkgAt be properly
termed capital letters
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09
NOW A REAR ADMIRAL
Naval Constructor Hiehborn Is Pre-
NOTED

Washington. March Chief Naval
Constructor Hichborn became a rear
admiral ty virtue of the provision Of
the naval personnel bin relating 10 the
bureau officers in the navy depart
ment. The admiral has been ia the
naval service ~forty-hve years, having
entered as an apprentice boy He Is
sixty years Cd.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09


Pierre. s. d.. March 1.-The house put
In the afternoon session in the passage
Of house bills and pushed through a
motion for an evening session on the
ground that IL was the last day on
which house bills could be passed and
receive consideration in the senate.
The bills passed were:
Resolution for an amendment TO the
constitution TO resubmit the dispensary
question: for a state board OF agricuL
lure; for a state fair board Of five
members 10 be appointed by the gov
ernor. and appropriating $1,000 per
year for premiums; appropriating $50
deficiency In the salary OF T. r. Conk-
lin as railroad commissioner: TO re-
.quire convicts al the state penitentiary
TO furnish sion for public buildings:
for n state board of insurance. and ap-
'propriating $4,000 TO pay premiums
on Insurance OF state buildings: TO pre-
vent fraudulent practices by joint
stock companies; providing powers and
duties of school boards.
Senate bills passed appropriating
money for the services OF experts in
the examination of the buildings at the
reform school, and an appropriation
for deficiency in the expenses OF the
railroad commission. House bills
passed by the senate
The engineers license bin. which
was amended to apply only 10 institu-
tons which employ five or more en-
.gineers under charge OF master me-
chanic: game bin. which was amended
by reducing the license Zee for nom
resident hunters to SO: fixing terms
OF court in the Fifth judicial circuit.
An attempt was made 10 kill the os-
teopatny bin In the senate on a COM
mittee report. which failed. and an ef-
fort TO advance the house dispensary
amendment on the calendar met the
same fate.
Delegations from Omaha and Chica-
go, representing firms which supply a
baking powder company with maferl-
ais, Were before the governor in opp,-
sition TO the pure food bill. which re-
quires all alum baking powders and
adulterated food products 10 he
marked as such. q. s. Hutchinson.
representing Rled. Murdock & Co. APP
peared 10 favor Of the bill. which was
signed.
The house oil inspection bin was
read in the senate and amended 10
strike out ports OF entry and gravity
test, allowing oil Of any test 10 bc en-
tered. but providing that II shall be
marked nj 10 quality.
The house az the evening session be.
gan BY playing horse with the house
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

Pierre. s. D.. March 3.-The first
contention in the house yesterday
morning was over the right OF petition.
which Cooper raised over the refusal
OF the house TO receive a petition IA
voring q bill killed several days ago.
Iris aas fsais=sed by another. the re-
port of the conference committee on
the general appropriation bin. Dwight
opposed the acceptance of the report,
which carried. and a conference was
asked for, in whica the house commit
tee was instructed 10 refuse 10 con-
sent TO any bin which increased the
aggregate Of the house bill. The cJm-
mittee on temperance presented a
unanimous report against the passage
of the senate ~dispensary bill The re-
port was adopred-a5 10 37-aEd this
action "cinchedr-46 10 80. This set
tied the fate Of the dispensary bill at
the present session. as il is now too
late TO take action in the two houses
on any other measure.
The report was presented by Repre-
sentative Purdy. who spoke at length
in favor of the action OF the commit
tee.
The senate passed the bill raising
49, @ NV tLE AAOu<& Lt<D-
luton TO rpsubmit the ~disppnsary
amendment. which will be recon
sidered 4 resolution passed for an
amendment 10 prohibit state officers
taking passes.
The house passed these senate bills:
For deficiency appropriation for en-
ployes: providing for printing reports
OF appointive officers which have in
the past been submitted 10 the gov
ernor alone: deficiency for the publica-
ton of the constitutional appointments:
appropriation TO pay Judgment for
fuel furnished az the agricultural col
lege; appropriating money TO pay Da-
yis0n county for the care of prisoners:
allowing claimants not in possession
TO dispose OF their interests in real es-
tate; 10 prevent fraudulent voting at
caucuses.
Senate joint resolutions were passed
authorizing the procuring and preser-
Walton OF the minutes of the eonstitu-
tionai convention which framed the
first constitution of the state. and for
an amendment TO the constitution TO
require amendments TO secure a ma
Jority OF al votes east at an election
10 be declared carried. The ballot
measures vetoed by the governor. to
prevent a name from appearing more
than once upon a ballot and allow
a voter who cann0 read English TO
call assistance in marking his ballot,
were pasesd over the veto. The action
OF the forenoon ON tn. general appro-
priation bill conference report was re-
considered and the repor concurred In
by a strong vote. This is the first
time since the Organization Of the
state when the general appropriation
biii was out OF the way before a late
hour OF the Last night The senate bin
providing for "A form Of negotiable In
~struinenfs. a bin Endorsed by the Ma
tional BAR association. was indefinitely
postponed. An attempt was made Ia
call UP the senate antip-ass amend
ment. which was wrangIed over by
the senate o OF the forenooa. and
force IL on the calendar. but utterly
failed. ]
The senate nj the afternoon session.
passed these house bills.
En4Ocwerir~ m~oEtgarees TO do a.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09
explosion or

Eenass,. l Mar1
w wa. exploded
mi. carriage on
| burned, ln1 n six < w n,,,'
"u sixte|
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09

| dSaria, March III
hi f"ss to suppre|
4, tue government
- setting an exan|
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1899-03-09
IN
TERRIBLE {
sOUTHER

Naval Powder NJ,
killing All the
and N Number
the
Der of the Deu
but the Injured
ORe Hundred-C
Il Of Two
most Bare.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04
JOSLIN JOTTISGS.

Joslin, Oct. "A few of our farm
ers have commenced cribbing corn.
John Buckley's new barn is COM
pleted.
Charles Netzer visited with his
mother last Sunday in Rock Island.
The Port Byron academy team de-
feated the Joslins, ID to 8, last Satur-
day.
Mead e Wainwright have contract
ed to build new barn for Mrs. Fitz-
gibbons.
Miss Nellie Liphardt, who is sick
with typhoid fever, is reported to be
no better.
Mrs. Patrick Tobin has returned
home after a visit with friends and
relatives in Wisconsin.
Frank Wake shipped a car load of
hogs from Joslin last Friday, for
which he paid 81. 10 per hundred.
Mr.. and Mrs. G. NJ. Hubbart and
family have returned from their visit
with relatives in Sac county, Iowa.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ira Wainwright and
family and Miss Edna Crompton Wis
tied Saturday and Sunday last with
Mr.. and Mrs. G. w. Crompton in
Rock Island.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04
As to the Contrariety of Bnrbers.

Every barber on EARTH" said the
observant man. ''has one habit that
drives me to drink. He gets you nice
~ lathered up, strops n razor careful
ly and then makes one sweep with
the blade across your face. Then he
looks at You inquiringly and suspends
operations while he asks. Razor suit
you. sir:' If you answer yes, he al
ways turns around and strops the ra-
zor two or three times, or else he
promptly changes the blade. Why he
should do either when you say you
are satisfied l cannot fathOm. Lately
1 have always said that the razor did
not suit, and in nearly every case the
barber kept serenely at work with the
same razor. l might add that that's
the reason that 1 am now shaving my
self."-New York sun
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04
Love Mt First Sight.

Believers in the possibility of love at
first sight may feel a sympathetic in
terest, and perhaps find n Darwinian
argument, in n story of the first meet
ing of two apes in the London zoo. We
retell the tale from wild Animals In
Captivity"
Sarah was seated alone in her cage
when n new ape made his appearance
in front of the bars. Instantly both
animals uttered short cries, and, bend
ing toward each other, protruded their
thin lips until they met across the bars
of the cage. Then, as the keeper threw
open the cage door. the apes rushed in
to each others arms and, squatting on
the floor, Rugged each other with comic
affection. In few seconds they rose,
and, standing erect, raised their arms
above their heads, grasped each others
front paws and screamed and howled
in mutual appreciation.
Let us hope that they lived happy
ever after.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04

ADMIRAL DEWEY, speaking of. the
press censorship maintained by Gen.
Otis, says: For the newspaper men
the censorship was absurdly strict l
never had any trouble with the news
paper men. We told the correspond
ents at Manila not to send out infor-
nation which might help the enemy,
and from that time there never was a
single thing sent out of Manila that
could object to- The admiral is fur
Their quoted as saying: LAS far as my
experience goes l have found Ameri-
can newspaper men not only the most
cnterprising, but the most accurate
of any in the world. 1t was not until
reached Europe that l was mis-
quoted -
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04
Brave Men Fall.

Victims to stomach, liver and kid
nev troubles as well as women, and all
feel the results in loss Of appetite,
poisons in the bio I'd, backache, nerv-
BUSINESS, headache and tired, Iistless,
rundown feeling. But there's no need
to feel like that. Listen to j. w.
Gardner, Idaville, Ind. He says:
Electric Bitters are just the thing
for a man when he is all run down
and don't care whether he lives or dies.
1t did more TO give me new strength
and good appetite than anything
could take. | can now eat anything
and have a new lease on life Only
80 cents, at Hartz & Ullemeyer's drug
store. Every bottle guaranteed.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04
HIS WlFE'S ICY STARE.
Why 1t Was Taken on and How 1t
Was Banished.

Why 1t Was Taken on and HOW IL
Was Banished.
He is n prominent lawyer in this
city His daughter is years or age
and walked to the gate with him one
dav last week The little girl kissed
her hand to him until he turned the
corner. He returned the salutation
each time. That night when he came
home his wife had an icy stare for
him. He wanted 10 know the trouble,
but she only answered. Nothing" Any
question from him received a short,
sharp yes or mo-
After supper she called him into an
other room and said: MIR. -, Mrs.
-, our next door neighbor. was over
to see me this afternoon. She inform
ed me of your conduct when you walk
ed down the street throwing kiss after
kiss TO her. She said her husband was
not at home or lie would shoot you.
Will YOU please invent some plausible
excuse that 1 can give to my neigh
Dor to explain away your reprehensi-
BILE conduct"
He was up against the knottiest
proposition of his life. He thought
long and hard, and finally the light
dawned upon him. He rushed fran
tically out of the room and returned
with his beloved child in his arms.
Daughter" he said, please tell your
mother what you and papa were do
ing after dinner today"
I'VE was throwing kisses at each
other until pap turned the corner"
SO quickly was the prosecution dis
missed and in such convincing man
ner that the lawyer swooned away
when he thought of his narrow escape.
Suppose the child had forgotten the oc-
currencei There would have been n
hot time in town that night. But
there's n decided GOODNESS now be-
tween the two wOmen.-Owensboro
Messenger.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04
Bound to XIII.

a story is being told of a country
doctor who was going his rounds one
morning with gun on his shoulder.
He was 4 keen sportsman and was
looking forward to polishing off little
game when his professional duties
We're over. \ friend meeting him and
seeing him with the gun exclaimed:
Where are you going, doctor, so
early in the day with that deadly
weapon on your shoulder
I'm hurrying off to see a patient"
he replied.
well" said his friend, az see you
are determined not to miss him."
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04
Drink Grain-O

After you have concluded that you
ought not to drink coffee. 1t is not a
medicine, but doctors order it. be-
cause it is healthful, invigorating and
appetizing. 1t is made from pure
grains and has that rich seal brown
color and taste like the finest grades
of coffee and costs about one-fourth
as much. Children like it and thrive
on it, because it is genuine food
drink containing nothing but nour-
ishment. Ask your grocer for
Grain-O, the new food drink Is and
% cents.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04
THE DEAD BEE.

Dead amid the dewy clover
Lies a bonny little rover
Who could shape his course afzr.
without compass, without star.
Nevermore across the azure
Shall he sail in search Of treasure;
Nevermore, when day is gone,
Home shall hiefhis galleon
From the ionquil's golden chalice. -
And the lily's ivory palace,
And the Vioiets' divine
Cups Of white and purple wine
Smile. smile on, thou faithless summer,
To forget thine early conner.
Saw. if thou hadst first departed,
Had he still been merry hearted?
On the boughs in rapture swinging
Gleetully the birds are singing.
], who mourn thee, little bee,
VIII pronounce thine elegy:
Be il rneetness OF unmeetness,
Thou didst garner up LIES sweetness,
Wiser than the sages wist;
Earth has one less optimist.
Alice Lena Cole in Century.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04

Drying preparations simply develop
dry catarrh; they dry up the secre-
tions which adhere to the membrane
and decompose, causing a far more
serious trouble than the ordinary form
of catarrh. Avoid all drying inhal-
ants and use that which cIeanses,
soothes and heals. Ely's Cream Balm
is such a remedy and will cure catarrh
or cold in the head easily and pleas
antly. All druggists sell it at so cents
or it will be mailed by Ely Brothers,
30 Warren street, New York.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04

The Americas cup, for which the
Columb and Shamrock are now en-
gagged in a series of sailing races, is
the most famous Yachting trophy in
the world. 1t was once the property
of the Royal Yacht Squadron, of Eng
land, and was won by the schooner
yacht America from the entire fleet of
that squadron on Aug %, 1851. Ever
since the English have tried to win it
back. The cup is of solid silver and
weighs 1874 ounces. 1t is % inches
high and 80 in circumference.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-10-04
CONVINCING PROOF.
The Average Rock Island Citizen Must
Accept the Following Proof.

The Average Rock Island Citizen Must
Accept the Following Proof.
The great Sir Isaac Newton, one of
the most profound reasoners the world
ever produced, once cut large hole
in a board fence to allow a tavorite
cat access to two gardens, and cut
smaller hole to allow her kitten to
follow her. The weakness manifested
in Sir Isaac's action was due to want
of thought. Any reader who men
tally debates the proof offered here
about Doan's Kidney Pills and arrives
at any other conclusion other than
that stated in this citizens statement,
is as short of reasoning powers as the
philosopher when he turned carpen-
ter.
W. II. Thompson, photographer,
corner Second avenue and Twentieth
street, living at 2109 Third avenue,
says: Il noticed for sometime a
sluggishness of my kidneys. The
secretions from them were highly
colored, contained sediment and
had an offensive odor. To my mind,
it was a forerunner of kidney COM
plant, and, anxious to get rid of it
before further complications set in
more difficult to check, when l heard
about Doan's Kidney Pills l obtained
a box at Marshall & Fishers drug
store. l took them as directed. In
short time the troubles disappeared
and the kidneys performed their func-
tions properly. My wife also used
Doan's Kidney Pills and is as firm
believer in their merits as l."
Doan's Kidney Pills are for sale by
all dealers, price so cents. Mailed by
Foster Mllburn company, Buffalo, n.
Y, sole agents for the United States.
Remember the name Doan's and
take no substitute.