davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31

pruning hook to the left of the plan
cts disk, while a fourth one hung lit
tie lower down to itself on the same
side. No oscillation was apparent. Sat
urn's rings and satellites apparently
were of the same yellow color of the
planet Sometimes these rings can be
dscerncd in their colorS and form Il
brilliant rainbow about the planet.
From the outer rim of the planet prop
er to the outer edge of the outside ring,
the distance, through the telescope,
looked to be about two inches. 1t Is, in
fact, 172,00O miles! Looking through
the huge refractor, the human eye Is
able to discern space of 172,0OO miles
as two inches in the area of the heav-
ems. TO the ordinary observer the shin
Ing violet rings about the planet form
a beautiful feature of the view. These
rings, however, are due to imperfec-
tons which exist in every telescope,
and which astronomers would be only
too glad to dispense with.
The telescope was next turned upon
Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar
system, and as big as all Of the other
Planets put together. The distance from
this earth to Jupiter Is trihe Of 4OO,-
100000 miles. and it takes fortythrce
minutes for its light to reach the earth.
Jupiter's disk looked about as big as n
large marble. probably two Inches in
diameter. At It's side, In II nearly
ralght line to the right. appeared four
small marbles, its satellites. The color
Of the planet was almost white, very
light yellow. Across the planet appear
ed three faint purple streaks, on the
order apparently of the man in the
moon. While at Lick Observatory Pro
fessor Barnard discovered the fifth
satellite of Jupiter, but was unable to
study 1t to any advantage. The
Yerkes telescope brings out this. fifth
moon very clearly to the eye of the as
tronomer and Prof. Barnard has been
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31

miles into space for the first time. To
the astronomer each object is full of
details which escape the unframed eye.
Every line has meaning, and in the
mcrest tritlcs he reads the story of a
million years.
The history of the Yerkes telescope
itself is the history of the evolution of
an eye, of the most wonderful artiti-
cial seeing apparatus yet devised. This
great eye is 200 times as large as the
human eye. That is to say, its diam
eter is forty inches. while the dame
ter of the pupil of the human eye is
one-flfth inch. 1t Is made of two sep
arate lenses, one of crown giass, two
and one-half inches thick at the cen
ter, threefourths of an inch thick at
the edge, and weighing 200 pounds
the other of flint glass, one and one
half inches thick at the center. two
inches thick at the edge, and weighing
800 pounds. One of these glasses is
convex and the other plano concave
These two lenses are mounted eight
and three-siXteenths inches apart in
the end of big steel tube sixty-two
feet long, about fortytwo inches n
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31
IN THE STARRY SKY.
WHAT MAY BE SEEN THRC UGH
THE YERkES TELESCOPE.
Powerful Glass at the Villa ms Bay
Observatory Brings the Moon with.
In Sixty-four Miles of the arth-
Close tudy of the Planets.

For nearly two years the big eye of
the Ierkes telescope in the observatory
OF the University of Chicago, at Will
Jams Bay, Wis, has been spying out
the secrets of the stars. 1t has looked
oue-fourth further into space than any
instrument devised before 1t. Night
after night the huge. grim Cyclopean
eye swings slowly round in its ponder
GUS frame, crouched in its big white
dome, and keeps Il s.eepless watch upon
the heavens. The great dome is open
to the sky. The ponderous tube swings
slowly, imperceptiDly, with the turning
OF the earth from sunset to sunrise
again. Shut In the black shaft which
supports the barrel of the refractor is
clock. wonderful piece of mechan-
ism, which tells off the motion of the
globe on its axis. The telescop, shifts,
hair breadth by hair breadth, guided
by the clock, and making the circuit
of the heavens, with tireless eye fixed
all night long upon a single star. There
is no escape from the big eye. AS the
silently alters its focus, never aweary
and never asleep.
What can the ordinary observer see
through the largest and most perfect
telescope in the world? What has the
big lens so far revealed to the astrono-
mers who have watched it as an oracle
since the first day it peered into space?
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31

diameter, and weighing six tons. No
figures, however, can properly express
the size, the delicacy, the almost hui
man intelligence of the great machine.
The object gAss of this telescope Is
rs delicate as Il human eye. "A super
fine silk handkerchief rubbed across
! its surface would destroy 1t. And yet.
with proper care, it will never wear.
The glass for each lens was cast In
Paris by the firm of Mantos. cclebrat-
ed for the manufacture OF optical
glass. Up to the time OF the Lick tele-
scope they had not been able to cast
solid, perfectly achromatic block Of
glass more than thirty inches In diam
eter. Then came the American order
for two lenses thirtysiX inches In di-
ameter. The Frcnchmcn could but
try. although they We're skeptical as
to the outcome. Nineteen times the
trial was a failure. For months the
mold was allowed to cool imperccpti-
bly, each day until all the heat had
gone out of 1t. Then came the test.
Nineteen times the glass contained
flaws too great to be emedied-minute
bubbles, unequal densities. various
other defects. The twentieth trial
produced n magnificent piece Of glass,
which finally became the property of
the Lick Observatory. Encouraged
by this success. the firm of Mantois
set about the manufacture of glass
one-fourth more power than the one
they had just made. Again and again
they tried, schooed by the nineteen
failures in making the Lick glass.
Each trial required several months.
At last the patient French makers
were rewarded with two disks forty
two inches in diameter and as nearly
colorlcss and tlawless as glass was
ever made. These blocks of glass were
made into the lenses now in the eye
of the Ycrkes telescope. The glass
was ground and finished by the firm
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31

What does the finest telescope in the
world look like to Il man who doesn't
know n telescope from a barrel:
a reporter for the Chicago Inter
Ocean visited the Yerkcs observatory
of the University of Chicago at VIII
Jams Bay for the purpose of answering
these questions. a big telescope is al
most human. 1t is furnished with a
curious sixth sense, a marvellous sec
ond sight. Mysterious, uncanny, huge,
It powerfully impresses one and grows
more wonderful on closer acquaintance.
The whole observatory is built about
its monster eye. For the eye alone are
the motors, the flying pulleys the NOV
able dome, the rising floor, and all the
curious Instruments varying from the
delicateiy strung spider web of the
micrometer to an apparatus weighing
Atty tons. Without the huge eye every
thing would be useless. This eye Is
the lens of the refracting telescope In
the main tower at the western end of
the observatory. 1t is reached by
flight Of marble steps from the main
corridor. Entering the building in the
evening, all Is quiet and dimly lighted,
the main tower quite dark. About
midway Of the round dome Is the ris-
ing floor, over which the telescope
swings. 1t is a triumph Of mechanical
skill, the only satisfactory means de-
vised for reaching the eye piece of a
big telescope as it is tilted up and down
or swung around on its axis.
The telescope itself Is a big iron tube
sixty-two feet long, painted black. In
The end which looks out through the
dome is the object glass or refracting
eye, forty inches in diameter, or four
inches wider than the lens of any other
telescope of the kind in the world. The
iron tube, with its lenses, finder, eye
pieces and other appliances, weighs
nearly twenty tons. And yet SO nicely
is it balanced that a strong pull with
the hand will swing it foot or more.
The huge telescope is moved on its axis
by electricity.
Describing the apparatus, DR.. Hale
finally fixed the big eye of the telescope
on the planet Saturn. 1t was a fine,
clear night, with little disturbance in
the atmosphere, and Saturn appeared
20 twinkle about half way between the
sky line and the zenith. The eye piece
which was put on magniled nearly 800
diameters, one-eighth the highest pow
er used. This is how the planet Saturn
looked to the reporter gazing through
the biggest telescope in the world: 1t
appeared a yellow, round disk about
the size of the moon, not fiat, but
clearly globular Around it twinkled a
purple band a quarter of an inch wide
Next to this was solid ring encircling
the planet, of the same bright yellow
color, and quite distinct; next to this
was second narrow violet band. and
surrounding that second broad vel
low band like the first Around the
Nhole sparkled a brilliant violet circle
Saturn's moons appeared as three tiny
round yellow marbles grouped to form
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31

for several years served in Congress
as free soil member.
He was an unyielding foe of slavery.
In 1852 he was the free soil candidate
for vice president. When the Repub-
lican party was formed he joined it
and in 1860 was sent to Congress- For
the next ten years he was prominent
political character in Washington, not
ed for his answering honesty, his
bluntness, his sight disposition to be
grabbed when opposed, but always hay
ing his face set toward the right. He
served on the joint committee on the
conduct of the war and for eight years
was chairman of the committee on
public lands. He was reelected to his
seat In Congress four times. The first
administration of Grant did not plea Sc
him, because he believed the Repub-
lican party was drifting away from its
original aims. In consequence he sup
ported Greeley in 1872, and after that
never really returned to the Republican
fO'd
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31

OF Avian Clark < Sons, Cambridge
port, Mass.
Just rs Americans have never been
able to cast perfect and large disks
of optical glass. So the French have
not been able to polish the disks per
fcctly after they are cast. For four
years Mr.. Alvan &. Clark worked at
the lenses. 1t may be that another
such perfect glass will never be
made. The secret of the polishing
has been handed down for three zen.
eratons in the Clark family. Previous
to the work of the Clarks a German
family-the Frauenhofcrs- had pol
ished these glasses. For II century
after the death of the last Frauenho-
fer 1t seemed that the art of polish
ing optical glasses was lost. Then
Avian Clark. n portrait painter in
Massachusetts. attracted the attention
OF English scientists, and he and his
family far excelled the German art
lists in glass. Mr.. Alvan G. Clark, the
last of his family, attended the dedi-
cation exercises of the Yerkes glass,
a few days.
The eye piece of a telescope, through
which the observer looks, Is the part
Of the instrument which magnites the
objects seen. The number of diane
ters to which an object can be magni-
fed to advantage depends largely upon
the perfection of the object glass. In
the Yerkes telescope glass which
magnliies 300 times has been en-
ployed successfully. Through this
the moon would appear as it would to
the naked eye at distance of sixty
four miles. The eye piece ordinarily
used magnities 400 diameters.
Incredible as it seems, the delicate
measurements of the movements Of
the stars are calculated by cobwebs
nicely stretched and forming the real
measuring apparatus of the microme-
ter. They last for years and are even
| cleaned of dust with delicate cam
ers-hair brush. Taking off the glass
covering one evening, Prof. Durham
was examining the webs. He absent
mindedly breathed into the aperture.
breaking one of the flaments, which
it took considerable time to replace.
At the Yerkes telescope device has
been perfected for lighting the threads
with electricity and making them a
faint red color. A white light Oh them
would be so brilliant as to iniure the
eye of the observer. In addition to
its micrometer, the big telescope is
equipped with all other accessories
such as spectroscopes spectographs
spectre photographs. photo photographs.
etc.
While interest centers around the
main dome and its sleepless eye, the
Yerkes Observatory would be a big
institution If it had only It's minor
glasses to depend upon. One of these
Is a twelve-inch refractor mounted in
the north dome. A twenty-four inch
reflector will shortly be mounted in
the south dome. A sixty-inch reflect
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31
ReeAININe HIS foRr,,..

Gen. Gruhb a Striking E,,r.,.
American Plnct p'e
NO better example of America, =,
ana perseverance has been seen y r,a
cent years than that displayed h, u q,
'ral Il. Burd Grubb, former m nj ~
TO Spain and once candidate t sDD y
ernor of New Jersey. For year, y
General was distinguished 'I ~,
prominence in military and puhllo
fairs. He spent his money un. yr.
ly and was one'of the most ysna.
men of his State. A''
IT was as partner Of the firm
William NJ. Kaufman & "a !,
FOUNDERS of Sheridan, Pa, that bs
his fortune. He had Joined the firm
special partner, he thought, but '
their crash came he discovered ,h,,
was general partner and person
liable for all the firms debts inste.
for the amount represented nv
stock he held.
In 1890 he was hurried of as mini
to Spain on twenty-four hours mn
He left power Of attorney with d
friends and pava dIroot,ora At
were to Investigate all his financial
fairs and particularly his interest,"
the iron company at Sheridan. 7
report showed that he had an lncom
SlOo,OOO a year. He returned 4
Spain in 1892. In 1893 the great N
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31

came and iron went out through
bottom financially. Grub lost ev
thing except hope.
He closed his magnificent home,
his family to friends in London \
in a room at the works on GO cen
day, studying the situation there
then interested English capital
which he kept the works moving.
was later withdrawn by Grub acc
ing options on it. Since the revv,
iron industries he has formed a $Sl
COO syndicate and is getting the big
of the immense profits of the BUSH
He will shortly reopen his magnif
home and live once more In the lul
of former days.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31
BRIDGE AT HASTINGS.

GENTLY high for the Mississippi boz
pass under, and yet not so hlgn
make a hosting apparatus nece
for the vehicles that would pass
he wished to build an incline roa
that would begin some distance
the river and lead gently up to anu
the structure, but the Hastings
officials objected. They Wanle'
public highway preserved lnlac.
they wanted the bridge as well
they told the engineer that ne
take the puzzle home with nlm
solve it or resign In favor OF u
ingenious man.
The engineer brought the ~.
down to the officials next day, anu
at once sanctioned the conslruc.'
the remarkable bridge shown u
cut. The inclined roadwa! %
but instead of going straign'
from a point a distance away
screws within a small space, Oe'u
waited on pillars that increase III =
as the bridge rises until the le'e's
span is reached. Passengers W
and trave.ers in vehicles WIN a
Il spiral roadway, first gong "
the river and then turning tne''
to it and then facing AROUND 'o"'
again, until at last they ma 'l,e'n -,
on the bridge proper. In.n +.
clone came along and signlileu II :
approval of the freak struc'u,' :
molishing it, the bridge hau
well the needs of the people VI
mos
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31

wealthy coffee planter. From his
youth he was interested in politics. and
has always been known as n leader of
the liberal party. lie was educated
in Paris, and lived in that city for eight
years. During the wars of the Cen
trail American states he won the ranl,
of raj and the liberals ran him for
and elected him to the presidency
Gen. Reyes declared himself the pro-
visional president of Nicaragua, and
Honduras gave him aid.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31
First Bank Run in Lohuo"

The first run upon Tue
situations in London OF Which a..
ord exists took place in loo'' IN -,
several Lombard street paiih',s =,
coldsmiths who had loaned ou.
money intrusted TO them foulu :,
selves unable to meet demands 10
mediate payment. Many cr I..,.
sembled and riots ensueu' i
ers were hanged at their o"n ar
before order could he restored .nr
creditors persuaded that 'he' v"
being sWindled.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31
Madrid's Slums

Madrid abounds in Sims which
even greater eyesores than those of
" hitechapel. There are labyrinths of
narrow old streets. bordered by the
Most uninviting novels; and from tho
squaior OF these abodes spring the
components Of the ferocious mobs
"A'co are the bane of the city.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31
Zebra Cnltura

On several South African farms ex-
perlmehts nave been tried with Bur-
chells zebra. The zebras become as
tame as ponies. and are readily broken
IN for draft work. The object of their
tanners has been to breed mule which
ike the zebra, is proof against the
tsetse fly. The zebras themselves RIM
we'll enough in mule team. thoupb
they cannot stand over-driving.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31
PRESIDENT ZELAYA.
He II Regarded "a One of the Ablest

He IL Regarded IA One of the Ablest
Statesmen In Central America.
j. Santos Zelaya. the president Of the
Nlcaraguan Republic, whose power has
been clipped by Gen. Reyes, the resel,
Is regarded as one of the ablest states
men in Central or South America. He
Is approaching 80 years old, and is n
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31
a I,oug Beard

Just before W. V. snii'n' aor
ence. Kan, goes to bed he Ca ca
places his beard in mus'' ~ mt
he has entered the bed ne p eSs
bag under his pillow. his "
nearly eight feet long,
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31
CUGLYCUS APPROACH.

Tornado Tears Away Most Rent
able Bridge in Country
When the tornado tore Its
through the town of Hastings, NJ
it took with it the most remark
bridge in the country. When the
engineer set to work to solve the
lem of how to make a bridge
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31
A FAMOUS ReFORMER.
George w. Julian Was Once a Candi
date for Vice President.

George W. Julian, who died recently
at his home in indianapolis, was a
prominent figure in national affairs a
ged, uncompromising reformer. Born
In Indiana eighty-two years ago, he
was elected to the legislature Of the
state at the age of %. Within a few
years he was the free soil leader. and
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31
END OF A SPENOTHRIFr.
Lloyd Aspinwaii, Man About Town
and squandcrer of "a Fortune.

Less than 80. but an old man In ap-
pcarance, Floyd Aspinwall, once fam
Gus as sport" died at New York
hotel. For several years he had lived
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31

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Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31

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Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1899-08-31

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The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1899-01-02
rHE LYNcHING OLE TYLER.

If the impressions that Attorney General
TAYLOR has of the Scottsburg lynching are
correct as reported the sheriff of Scott coun-
tv failed to do his whole duty the night Ma
rion Tyler was lynched.-Seymour Repub
hc2n.
The moral effect Of lynching is degrading
and gives tendencies to multiply murder.
If a man has never shed blood nor partici-
pated in It he is slow to take the first step.
If he assists in the shedding Of blood through
an organized mob acting with that inten-
ton. he eases his conscience on the theory
that his act was justihabe. Having once
found excuse for crime ii is easier afterward.
We are forced to conclude from theory and
precept that lynching is not a purifying
agency in NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Democrat.
The circumstances and condition surround
irg the Scottsburg lynching of last Satur-
day were indeed startling. For two months
the mob had been forming, the plans were
perfected and carried out with smoothness
and finish that was awful. The victim had
not committed murder. If the county au-
thorities are unable 10 punish the murderers
then Governor Mount should exhaust every
means at his command to enthrone justice.
He will have the undivided support OF the
press and public opinion If he does take up
this fight and It may be that i may amount
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1899-01-02

II believes that he is not the superior OF
Judge Taylor or the equal OF Mr.. Beverage
in point of ability.-Kokomo News
Several Wabash Republicans will go TO
Indianapolis next week to take a hand in
the closing days of the contest for UnitG
States senator. supporting Major Steele,
is understood that Perry Heath, first as
sistant postmaster general. who is now on
the ground. will aid Major Steele quietly
and that Col. W. I. purbin, OF AndefsoIi
who has obtained a leave of absence, VIII
also lend his assistance to Major steele
Wabash Plain Dealer
There may be latent greatness incased
somewhere in ]. Frank Hanly. Thus far
it is wholly undiscovered, and we have
heard of no one who ever has a clew TO its
whereabouts. Indiana ought to insist that
Mr. Hanly file a bill of particulars setting
out the reasons why he should ask 10 be
elected United States senator In every
other candidate in the field there IS some
strength upon which such bin might rest
But in Hany's case-why, were almost
tempted to call him jay Frank Hanly.-Cov-
ington Friend
The time for the election OF a senator is
very near at hand and biographies of the
different aspirants are appearing in print.
From these we learn that some Of them had
very hard times when they were little boys
chopping cordwood blowing corn, digging
bitches and running on errands for their
individual mas This is all very nice and
we are real glad they were all good, hard
working little boys but the real question
for the General Assembly to decide is, which
equipped to make a good United States sem
atOr.-FOWler Republican.