davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
TROLLEY CARS IN COLLISION.
The Front Half OF Each Car Wrecked and
Seven Passengers Injured.

CLEVELAND, o.. Sept. 1.-Two cars on the Lo-
rain Elyria line collided at 53S o'clock this
morning at Lorain. 1t was very foggy at the
time Car 41,with eighty passengers from
Elyria. was running on extra time and did not
wait at the switch. whore 1t should have re-
NAMED Car 43. with twenty passengers Tor
Elyria. left the steel plant on time.
The collision came Just after the motormen
saw each other 100 feet away. Air brakes
were OF no avail. The cars were too close and
going too fast The passengers wildly
scrambled to the rear OF the cars. 1t
was well they did. for the collision
demolished the front half OF each car. The mo-
tormen jumped as the cars met. The injured
are:
Mike Fitzhams. Lorain. leg bruised; Mrs.
Fitzhams. Lorain. hips injured: William Vel
Der, Elyria. loft leg wrenched; John Burns
Elyra. neck and legs twisted; J. Shafer. Ely
ria. cash over right eye: J. lanning. Elyria.
back wrenched: II. II. Joughes. Eyria. leg
badly bruised.
The eightytwo passengers on car Al escaped
injury by rushing to the rear OF the car and
falling to tho floor
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
BLACKBURN BREAKS DOWN.
STRAIN or THE KEN7UcKF C1M-
P/TGN 100 MUCH FOR NM

His Condition Said to be Serioua-Deter-
mined Effort of tho Anti-GoebeIites to
Prove Goebei Guilty of wiiful Murder
When lie Shot Banker John l.. Sanford.
LEXINGTON. KY. Sept. Former Senator
j. C. s. Blackburn has broken down, and will
have to go home to Versailles and rest. His
brother. James Blackburn. former United
States Marshal OF Kentucky, will accompany
Gocbel on his tour through the mountains. The
former Senator has eaten scarcely anything
Tor week and his condition 10 serious. Major
7. H. Johnston. candidate for Lieutenant-
Governor on tho Brown ticket. arrived home
to-day from Buffalo Litha Springs much im-
proved. but his physician forbids his taking
the stump against Goebel.
LOUISVILLE. Ky. Sept. 2.-Lcaders OF the
anti-Gocbel movement in Kentucky are
determined to convict Goebel. the nom-
inee Of the Louisville convention for
Governor. OF the charge Of numbering
John l.. Sanford. the banker whom he killed
at Covlngton in 1895. Goebels friends
have been forced to take up the defen-
sive. and for the present the killing
OF Sanford overshadows the interest in
the Goebel election law. The speakers
on the side OF the boiling Democrats are
openly accusing Goebe OF shooting Sanford
In cold blood after having published a sour
rilous article about him. and are brandt
isg as false the statements OF his champions
that he did not fire at the Covngton
banker until after Sanford had shot at him.
The Louisville Despatch, the leading free
silver organ in Kentucky and the most
hostile paper to :Goebol and Goebelism
in Kentucky. will print an article toe
morrow morning. showing that the state-
ments Of Congressman Charles X. Wheeler
and r. Frank Peak. Goebelites. to the effect
that Goebel did not write the communication
which was printed in the Corinoton Ledger
are untrue. and that at that time they
published the letter at the instance OF
Goebel. The Dispatch will also print o
statement from J. W. Norris editor OF the
Corington Record showing that Goebels idea
in having the communication pu blished was to
precpitate a fight between SANFORD and him
self This statement is:
CONVICTION. Ky. Sept. ]. 1901 W. Nor
ris says he is the editor OF the Record.
| n paper published at Covlngton. KY that just
| before the time OF tho murder OF John l..
| Snndford by William Goebel. said Goe-
| bel produced the above attached paper
| meaning the communication which caused
| the tragedy. which is in the handwriting
| OF said Gocbel. and requested him to publish II
| in the Record. and said Morris declined TO do
| so. saying it might bring about serious
| trouble. and Goebel said: That's Just what
| want: but said Morris did publish same after
| striking out the Objectionable language.
| j. w. NORRIS"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
NEGROS BANDITS BEATEN.
AMERICAN TROOPS DARING CHARGE
UP MOUNTAIN SIDE.

Enemy Rolled Boulders Down on Them and
Kept Up a Heavy Fire-Position Taken
without Loss-Twenty-one of the Bandits
Kilied-Chineso and Filipinos Fight.
Ipseial Cable De,pa,eh to TIE Sun.
MANILA. Sept. 2. 1920 p. M.-Gen. Smith.
Military Governor of Negroes Island. telegraphs
via lloilo the details Of the capture by Lieut.
Col Byrne, with force OF the Sixth Infantry. OF
ArgonRula. the most i'm portant bandit strong
hold in the island. The place was defended
by 400 bandits and was thought to BIO mac
cessible because OF its location In the noun
tains. The soldiers. however. made brilliant
dash up the steepest slopes and through dense
juhgles for over 1000 feet. They were not
only under heavy fire all the time. but the
bandits rolled boulders down the mountains
on them. The mon were unable to reply to the
fire effectively. but finally carried the position.
The bandits were utterly routed. as they had
believed their position impregnable.
Twenty one Of the bandits were killed and
many wounded. The Americans captured
large quantities OF stores OF food stuffs. bolos.
reloading outfits for shells. &c. Ono Ameri-
can Lieutenant and several privates were
slightly wounded.
Four hundred Fillplnos and Chinese navy
yard employees began fight near the work
shops here to-day. They were dispersed by
squad OF marines, but later the rioters found
bolos and clubs among the stores and INDUCED
in pitched battle at Cavite. Col. Pope's ma
rnes and four companies OF the Sixteenth In
fantry finally cleared the streets and closed
the town. Everything is now quiet. One
Chinaman was killed and many wounded.
The trouble between the Filipnos and Chinese
arose over tho strong competition between
them for work.
The naval hospital ship Solace sails for San
Francisco tomorrow. via Iloilo. Guam and
Yokohama. Among her passengers Is Brig
Gen. Funston OF the Kansas regiment.
WASHINGTON. Sept. 2.-Gen. Otis sent the fol-
lowing despatch to the War Department this
morning:
MANILA. Sept. 2.-Hughes transmits fol-
lowing: Lieut.. Col. Byrne. on Aug. 81. de-
stroyed ArgonRula. most important bandit
stronghold. killing twenty -one. wounding
many; capturing large quantities suppl es.
complete outfit reloading shells. bolos. spears.
&C. Feat remarkable. as town accessible only
by road. almost perpendicular slope. constantly
under fre for 1000 feet. One officer and two
men struck by boulders rolled down on them.
but not seriously hurt. No casualties reported
Bandit strength 400. OTIS"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
CoLoRED POLICEMAN APPOINTED.
Acting Captain Gaus Starts Him to Work
with n Fund of Prudent Advice.

Acting Captain Gaus starts HIN To WORK
with Fund of Prudent Advice.
Pierre Henry. colored. OF 216 Fulton street.
Brooklyn, began his duties last night as door
man in the Hamburg avenue police station.
Williamsburg. He is the third negro policeman
who has served in Brooklyn. Henry reached
thd station house last night Just as Acting
Captain Gaus was turning out the night
platoon. 1t was surprise to him when the
man presented his credentials. Capt. Gaus.
after learning the mans name and residence.
asked II he had ever had any experience as a
dOorman.
NO. sir, but think can fulfil the duties"
said Henry.
The Acting Captain entered into an explana-
ton OF n doorman's duties most OF which he
said would be found in book Of rules and
added: Besides all these things. you must be
resrectful to your superior officer and COM
panionable to all the men living in the house
with you II you are not treated right max
the fact known to me- You will have special
duties to perform. the same rs every one OF
us One OF your principal duties will be to
keep the station house clean. Have you ever
been in the habit Of doing similar work In any
previous position?"
Il was twenty-six years in one place on Full
ton street." Henry answered. "and they
thought there I could clean pretty well. I met
all kinds OF people and got along all right with
them"
THAT is good" the captain replied. because
it may happen that such thing will come as
an error of judgment and casting some re6ec-
ton you on account Of your color You
must govern your temper as much as you can.
You may be the subject OF Jest for n few days.
but you must conquer that You must tolerate
what may be said to you for few days and you
will find yourself the better therefor. Use
good judgment. Never get hot. II any one
tries to abuse you or insult your color, report
them to me-"
Henry is a veteran and owes his appointment
In part to that fact. He failed in a physical ex-
animation because OF his teeth. President
York. however, pointed out to the Board the
provision OF the Civil Service law which ex-
empts veterans excepting for very grave phys =
cal detects
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03

Lodged In Jail at Johannesburg a
Charge of High Treason.
Special Gable Dispatches to THE sUS.

SDcc'dt uOte DeSVutcHNS ~ NE Sun.
LONDON. Sept "A despatch to the Central
News from Johannesburg says a sensation has
been caused there by the arrest OF Mr.. Pake-
man. editor Of the Trdnsradi Leader. on the
charge OF high treason. The police also went
to arrest Mr. Monypenny. of the Johannesburg
Star. but he was absent from the city.
The case was postponed for fortnight and
Pakeman was held without bail. Monypenny
who is the correspondent OF the Times. has not
been found.
The Standard and D00ers' Netrs in its
London edition. says it is estimated that the
Transvaal Government could mobilize 10000
men in three days and the Orange Free State
10000.
The yolksraad received Secretary Cham ber-
lain's reply insisting on upholding English
suzerainty with demonstrations clearly indi-
eating an intention to repudate Great Britain's
claim. The Nolksraad also strongly dissented
from the flve-year franchise offer.
In the course AT a speech to-day Mr.. Herbert
Asquith NJ. p. formerly Home Secretary. said
he considered that prudent diplomacy was
capable OF solving the dispute between Great
Britain aud the Transvaal. He believed moth
ing had occurred that would bring on a catas-
trophe. which would be IA reproach to states
manship. a calamity to civilization and an
ncalculable disaster to South Africa.
CAPE Town. Sept 2.-The Argus. the Govern
ment organ. says that the Der OF voters in
the Transvaal in 1881 was only 10000. even
allowing for an increase in the Doors figures.
which are exaggerated.
JoHANNEsBURG. sept 1.-The inmates OF the
Children's Home have been sent to Natal and
the Town Council is laying In three months
supplies. outgoing trains are crowded with
many Of the most prominent people.
PRETORIA. Sent 2.-It Is reported that the
reply OF tho Transvaal to Mr.. Chamberlain s
last written despatch has been handed
| to Mr.. w. ConynGham Greene. the British
Agent here. 1t is understood that Pres-
dent Kruger 10 not willing to partici-
| pate in the proposed conference at Cape Town
| with Sir Alfred Miner. the British High Com
missioner, at which II has been suggested he
could explain the new franchise scheme and
receive suggestions from the Government. A
| hopeful feeling prevails that peaceful settle
ment will be reached.
PARIS. Sent 1.-The Temps violently attack
Mr.. Chamberlain's dispatches to President
| kruger. declaring that they practically amount
| to an ultimatum and shou id be condemned by
| civilized people. II adds that the sympathy OF
| France and other European nations is with the
| Transvaal in its opposition to British agrees
| sion.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
FIRST SURVEY OF THE GREAT BEND.
Robert T. Hill starts to Explore Unknown
Country Along the Rio Grande.

Country Along the Rio Grand-.
Robert T. Hill of the Geological Survey sailed
from this city for Galveston Tex. Yesterday
afternoon. TO undertake the first survey OF the
Great Bend of the RIO Grande River ever at
tempted. Between FL Paso and Del Rio lies
crescent shaped strip OF mountainous country
which has never been explored. 1t is over
1000 square miles in area.
Mr. Hill will begin operations by land re-
connoissance. south OF Marathon. on the South
ern Pacific. by which he hopes to gain an idea
OF the general geographical conditions lie
will then 20 to FL PasO. whence he will start
down the Rio Grande River with single COM
panion whom he will engage in FL raso, A
lat-bottomed boat will he carried down the
dry bed Of the river about seyenty-nye miles to
where the Great Bend canon in which there is
water. begins.
From that point the trip will be made in tho
boat which will be allowed to drift with tho
current.
1t will take about 40 days, Mr. Hill thinks. TO
reach Del Rio.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
APPRAIsER WAKEMAN's DEFENCE.
He Says That High Federal Onicials Con
apired to Iniure Him.


1t was learned last evening that Appraiser
Wilbur F. Wakeman OF this port. whose con-
duct OF his office has been the subject OF an in
vestigation by a special commission OF Treas
ury agents. had prepared review OF
tho testimony taken before the commits
sion for submission to the Department
in which he defends his course. and alleges
that two high Federal Office holders prevented
the investigators from hearing considerable
evidence favorable to him. The review. which
10 Mr.. Wakemans defence against tho testi-
mony. will be sent to the Department In time
to be received there on Tuesday morning.
when business is resumed after Labor Day.
The evidence taken in the investig alton
covers 1900 type-written pages. and the
Special Commissioners report occupies 300
pages. THE Sun told last Sunday that the re-
port OF the agents sustained the complaints
against Mr.. Wakeman. and that, in view OF
this, certain prominent Republicans to whom
he appealed for aid had found 1t apostolic to
assist him in any way
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03

Steamship Inspectors Decide Tint She IL
not safe for Transport service.
SAN Francisco. Sept. Local United States
steamship inspectors to-day condemned the
hospital ship Relief as unfit for ocean pnssen-
ger traffic and recommended that tho steamer
be used as hospital ship at Manila and another
vessel be used for the return of sick and
wounded soldiers. The inspectors found tho
Relief too heavy in her upperworks to be safo
for trans oceanic work. although they dscov-
cred no structural weakness. Besides having
heavy upperworks. the vessel is also very high
out Of tho water.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
WAR MATERIAL FOR MANILA.
British Steamer now Loading Here With
Guns and Ammunition.

The British steamer Enerea, which was
originally scheduled to sail for East Indian
Chinese and Japanese ports. will. at the re-
quest OF the United States Government. touch
at Manila to deliver to Lieut.. Col John
r. McGinness Chief OF Ordinance in
the Philippines lot OF guns and am
munition for use in the fall campaign
against the rebels. In the lot are eight Sims
Dudley dynamite guns OF 2i4-inch calibre.
eight mountain guns OF the kind that were
tested on Thursday at the Sandy Hook prov
ing grounds. and eight Calling guns. The
EnerGia will also take gun carriages and 1000
rounds OF ammunition for each gun.
Major John Butler. who is stationed at Gov
ernor's Island. is attending to the shipment OF
the war material. 1t is likely that the Energia
will be ready to leave her pier in Atlantic Basi
within few days.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
BRADBURY WILLIAMS NIGHT OUT.
witnesses Say They Saved Him from Being
Robbed by u Woman In the Street.

RObbed by Woman In the Street.
Bradbury william. an insurance agent. Of
225 Jefferson avenue. Brooklyn. was making
bad weather OF 1t. about IL O'Clock last
night on Fulton street. near the
Brooklyn Borough Hall, when Mary Connolly
spied him. She steered him up against
an elevated railroad pillar. and. according to
witnesses. was going through his clothes.
when the onlookers called a policeman and the
two were taken in
John Gavin OF 1866 Livingston street went
along as witnesses. At the police station
William was found to have 1920 and
a gold watch and chain. SO far as he could tell
he had not been robbed OF anything. lie was
locked up for intoxication and the girl was
held a a suspicious person.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
CARTRIDGE ON THE CAR TRACK,
Exploded by Passing Car and the Bullet
Wounded Young Connolly.

Frank Connolly. "a years old. OF 3l3 East
121st street was walking along West 125th
street last night with two women friends when
he was startled by loud report from under
the wheels OF a passing car. and at the same
moment felt singing sensation on his fore
head. He put up hand to his fore
head. felt blood and tainted. He was car
ried into a store, where an ambulance
surgeon attended him. and he was soon well
enough to go home. He had a wound across
the forehead which cut through the skin. but
was not dangerous.
1t was found that boys had put 44-calibre
cartridge on the car track to be exploded by a
passing car. and that tho bullet had struck
Connolly.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
"MISTAKE OF THE CENTURY"
Ex-Gov. MacCorkie Characterizes Demo
cratic Hostility to Exphnsion.

cratic H0stiIity to EXPANSION.
PARKERsBURG. W. Va Sept. 2.-Former Gov.
MacCorkle. who is one OF tho leading Dem
ocratic candidates for Governor. was here
yesterday. In an interview he asserted that II
the Democrats declared against expansion
they would make tho mistake OF tho
century. The Ex-Governor said that
tho Democratic State organization headed by
the Hon. John r. McGraw was the only organl-
cation now in the State. which would indicate
that the organization headed by the Chiltons
and TO which the Ex-Governor formerly be-
longed had disbanded. When asked whether
he believed Bryan would be nominated in
1900. he said:
This Is my busy morning"
During the last campaign Gov. MacCorkle
was considered Gold Democrat, although he
proiessed to train with the supporters OF the
Chicago platform.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
SANTIAGO EDITORS TO FIGHT.
Duel Arranged as the Result of an Editorial
Quarrel Ovor Politics.
Special Gable Dupatch to THE Sun.

Special Gable Despdtch to THE Sun.
SANTIAGO DE CUBA. Sept. at is probable
that a duel will be fought tomorrow or Mon
day by Senior Trujllo. editor OF the PO'renir.
and Eduardo Iero. editor Of the Cubdno Libre.
The trouble between the two men grew out OF
articles published in their respective journals
regarding the election OF city councillors.
Senior Truiillo has selected DIR. Joaquin
Castillo and DR.. Gullermo Mascara as his
seconds, while DR.. Pedro Echevarria and
Mariana Corona will act in a similar capacity
for Senior zero.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
JUDGE JACKsoN's WIFE HURr.
Injured in n Runaway and Her Life De.
SPARED of.

PARKERsBURG, W. Va. Sept. Mrs Jack
son. the venerable wife OF Judge John j. Jack
son, OF the United States Court. Is danger
ousy i'll from shock caused by a heavy truck
striking her carriage and causing her horse
to start to run away. 1t is thought blood
vessel in tho head has burst and her lie il
despaircd Of. Judge Jackson. who is in tho
East, has been tcegraphed for.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03

Boston. Sept. 2.-The most interesting in
cIdeN in the Bntes-Guild campaign for the Re-
publican nomination for Lieutenant Governor
was the announcement to day by one OF Speak
or Bates's lIeutenantS that he had hired all the
automobile carriages in tho city for use on
caucus night. Sept. 26. The cab company will
have about a dozen automobiles in use by that
time but the Bates men say they would hire
fifty II they could get them.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
TRANSPORT WARREN SlILS.


SAN Francisco. SEPT. 2.-The transport War
rem sailed at 8 o'clock this afternoon for
Manila with l.15O recruits. Just before
the vessel sailed. Surgeon James j. Gil
huey was relieved from his duties on
account OF drunkenness and assigned to h)spi-
tai duties at Preside. His place was taken by
Dr. G. w. Daywalt OF this city Gilhuley has
been on a spree for two weeks past. His con-
dition was reported to Major Mathews. who
reported to Col. Forward. Chief Surgeon on
Gen. Skaters staff.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
WHERE rs aIcnAnD ,HoxrRg


TNDtCIFU TNtTF VH TWVsVIF'
SARATOGA. Sept. 2.-Persstent reports are in
circulation her" tonight that Richard Croker
is in town. D.ligent inqIiry fails to reveal his
presence. and the rumor- are not credited.
Mr.. Croker is expected here bet W"en now and
Tuesday. 1t is reported that he will make the
Grand Union Hotel his headquarters and that
he will be accom- panied by a number OF his po-
litiCal friends,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03

C. "A :. Il. NWIIOuHI EHVHIIIpIHFNTi THIIuWeIDhIA
Upon occasion q. A. II, National Encampment.
PennsylyAniA Railroad announces round trip rate
from New York, $500; tickets on sale Sept I'd to
9TH good tn return sept. l2th: or by deposit Of
ticket aud payment CT 10 cents, good until sept.
SOth Trains every hour during the day and at
midnight-Adn
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
Grenter Now York Dny at state Fnlr.

The New York Central will sell round trip tickets
TO & rA use on Soptemb 18th. good retuI ming
Il 'epiem or nth. for $500. Tickets include Ad.
I 1 con to Fair Grounds.-Adh
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
Rear-AdmiraI Beresford to See the Yacht
Races.
!Sp,cial Cabh Dtspateh 70 ,

Special Gable D,spafeh 10 THE Sun.
LONDON, Sept. 2.-Rear- Admiral Lord Charles
Beresrord and Lady Beresford will sail for
New York on Sept. %. on the steamer Cam
pania. to witness the contest for the Americas
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
EFFECT ON ALSACE-LORRAINE
Dreyfus Trial Has Given Impetus There to
the Progress of German Spirit.
q DsIpatch,I TO TuK

NV'p'UE uVTe YUM
LONDON. Sept. 2,-Foreign visitors to Alsace-
Lorraine state that the spectacle OF conspiracy
and perjury in ombination to convict Dreyfus
has caused such feelings OF disgust with France
that tho denomination of the provinces.
inn
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03

Trade "LOck Front" Mark.
T.. W. APcrfcct Fitting Collar. T.. ".
| Lock Front Lock FTont-Idr
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03

New Map Of the u nminion OF Canada complete
aCCUTAtT-up 10 dA:c. Andrews School FurnISLLRR
Co., 10 Flf.h Aye,-.dp.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
Ask Your Raberdasher.

for the
E.&W. T. a ". Shirts. L. w.--Adp.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03

Lowest Rates to Chicago
aiysn by IAohawAnnA Railroad, AN Broadway
Through vestibuled coaches and sleepers, Care ser
vics No smoke; no dust on LacfaWhnnA-Adr.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03
DEMANDS AN APOLOGY FROM ROGET.
Austrian Attache Objects TO tho Generals
sta tementS at tho DreyfuS Trial.

PARIS. Sept. 2.-The Lanterne says that Col.
Schneider the Austrian military attache. has
telegraphed to the Austrian Charge d'Affaires.
requesting him to ask General Roget whether
his words In regard to Col. Schneider are to
be regarded as an insult. Col. Schneider de.
m ands reparation and an anoOgv
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03

or on noor. Careful Carpet Cleaning Co., 1855
sway, AL Il, 4s. C1s Brandt, Tel. 1925, -AdV
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-03

Con. MERCER again interviewed in the char
acter OF prosecutor. recalling Lieut. Bernheim
TO ask when EsterhaZy received copy OF the
army regulations. Bernheim's answer was
before the maneuvres in September, 1884,
Gen. Mercier asked when was it that Germany
sxperimentod with the h dro- pneumatic brake.
Bornheim replied that it was not until 1896
Mercier thereupon argued that until 1895