davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22

royal ageric. Only an expert can tell
them apart. Better let these painted
fops alone.
Next is the deadly egaric, our com
mon toadstool.
The piLeaGs is usually white, but may
be any shade of dull yellow to olive.
ellis white. Stem white with hang
down collar at the top, bulb at the
bottom having a sack like membrane
about it called the volva. It is believed
to be deadly enough to cause death.
Then follows a description of the
horse mushroom, which is eatable; the
horse tail fungi, also edible; the para
sol fungi, edible; the chanterelZe and q
fairy ring toadstool, edible though
some fairy ring toadstools are poison
Gus; oyster, beetsteak, morel, tru fl g,
puff ball and some other edible fungi
with some of the poisonous species.
Many species of these fungi have never
been tested and it appears that count
less tons Of very nutritious food is per
mitted to waste because we are ignor :
ant of it's merits and how to select the
useful and avoid the poisons. On the
whole, more seem available for food
than the reverse.
The reports of the Department of
Agriculture for 1880, 1892 and 1858 also
have fine articles on fungi The United
States Department of Agriculture is
trying to educate the people in this
braLch Of knowledge. Now it does
seem as though the experiment sta
tions and State farms might we'll take
up the work. By issuing farmers bul
letins, by chemical analysis, by expert
ments on the lower animals to test for
poisons, by cultivation and dis tribution
of edible species they may add greatly
to our foods and luxuries. Directions
for cooking, symptoms of poisoning
and antidotes, should be given.
By the way, it is reported that the
juice Of mushrooms has been found a
remedy to render human beings i'm
mune against the poison of snakes.
Meanwhile. there is no need for the
farmers and gardeners who read The
Progressive Farmer to 60 without this
delicious vegetable. Spawn, the seed,
of mushroom may be bought of leading
seedsmen. A mushroom bed is easily
made and tended. Many person near
cities could make a fine lot of pin
money by growing mushrooms for the
city customers. A reputation once
we'll established would be good as gold.
Yes, evan as good as silver, 16 to 1,
Why not give it a trial, even, if it is
neW3 E. EOLLKNBECK.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22
G.. II. TURNER.
Burgess, Miss.

a little thought of, but nevertheless
important, feature of Farmers Insti-
tutes is alluded to in the folloWir 6
item from the Portland Oregonian:
Another advantage growing out of
THE Farmers Institute lies in the mere
bringing of farmers into relations with
each other under conditions promoting
comparison of ideas and experiences.
It is not an uncommon thing for men
who have lived in the same township
for years to discover at a Farmers In
stitute that each knows many things
that would be helpful to the other.
The Institute is a wonderful aWakener
of what may be called professional
interest on the part of farmers, and
whoever attends one of them is likely
forever afterwards to be clCs} IF OBJ
server Of the operations of others, as
well as closer student of the prob
lens of his own affairs"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22
No. %
IN REGARD TO THE ROUND BALR

A round bRls outft, it is announced,
is to be established soon in Smithfeld.
This fact has caused the editor of the
Smithfield Herald to investigate and
study the question of round bale VS..
square bale, with the result that the
last issue of the Herald contains the
following editorial:
The controversy Of the round bale
vs. the square bale has now assumed
such an aspect here in johnston county
that, in justice to our paper and it's
readers, we can no longer remain silent
concerning the question. We trust
that our readers have understood this
silence.
When the controversy first began to
rage, we refused to take stand with
either side because we wished to inves-
tigate and ascertain which system was
OF greater benefit to the cotton raiser.
When we should become fully con-
vinced which was right we determined
then to announce orr position and
take part in the fight. 'Be sure you
are right and then go ahead" was the
favorite maxim of Davy Crockett, and
the advice of the wise Tennesseean
was never taken in vain.
Upon looking into this question we
at once stumbled upon one point and,
in our opinion, the fact that trust is
behind the round bale should be enough
to warn the farmer of the baleful effects
which. it is reasonable to expect, the
general introduction OF the system in
the South would produce The Ameri.
can Cotton Company is the promoter
of the new system.
If the outfit, required to manufac-
ture the round bale, was placed on the
market for sale, the farmers need have
nothing to fear. But it is not for sale,
only for rent. And the ginner who
rents it must guarantee ]. 900 bales per
season before he secures the plant.
How many ginners in this county
could secure the outfit under these
conditions9 How many miles would
the farmer be forced to carry his raw
cotton before reaching a gin9 Smaller
ginning concerns would be driven out
Of business and the farmer would be
subjected to the greatest inconveni
ence.
Let tx American Gotten Company
sell it's outfit at a reasonable price and
the condition will be changed. It will
not do to place the cotton raiser at the
mercy Of a syndicate or trust.
We Rave fought trusts early and
late. We see in them the great danger
to American liberty-we want no CEN
tralization of capital nor business. The
truet is the octopus that grinds the
poor man in the dust and always selects
the poor man as its victim; it causes
little children to suff3r and, mothers,
seeing their suff9rings, mourn.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22

In the current issue of Home and
Farm, Mr.. NJ. s. Perkins calls atten-
tion to fact which we have often at
tempted to emphasIze-t the farmer
to find pleasure in his work must un
derstand the natural laws which effect
his work; must realiz3 that it il some
thing more than mere muscular exer
else As Mr.. Perkins says:
''It we can only get to understand
som of the wonderful truths of natural
law as applied to questions of tillage,
live stock, husbandry, etc, we find
that much Of the drudgery Of farm
work disappears That ie, we must
work hard just the same, but interest
in our work, occasioned by increased
intelligence, takes IF much of the dis
couragement ofmere thoughtIess wor K.
Mental stimulus relieves and facilitates
the performance of hard, manual labor.
One good book 80 studiously perus9d
that its contents are fairly memorized
By the reader, is better than two hast
tily skinned over, and as soon for
gotten. think every farmer should
have library Of few volumes, treat
ing in a thorough way OF the great and
fundamental truths Of agriculture"
Would there were more farmers
with the same views.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22
RALEIGH. N. G.. AUGUST %, 1899.

the North Carolina Horticultural So
ciety at Southern Pines, North Caro-
lima. This is mainly because there is
nothing there to distract the attention
or draw them off from the main points
to be determined, as the experiments
carried on there are experiments with
fertilizers exclusively. Up to date the
experiments have been confined exclu-
sively to fruits and vegetables, and all
who are living in the long leaf pine
belt, who are engaged in raising either
fruits or vegetables for market, and
whose lands are very sandy, loose,
open, mellow, porous, or comparatively
poor, would do well to keep posted as
to the work that is being done at this
Station in their behalf.
Ct. Fl. TURNER.
Burgess, Miss.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22
THE CULTURE OF GINSENG.

So many Inquiries about the culture
Of this plant have come to me within
the last six months that some defensive
measure becomes necessary. Perhaps
an outline Of its cultivation printed in
this journal might also save a number
of it's readers the trouble of placing
their queries upon paper.
Ginseng grows best in leaf mould,
and under the shade of trees. In open
field or garden culture, even when the
bede are given the necessary heavy
mulch of leaves to hold moisture, and
deuse lattice or brush shading, the
plants do not flourish 90 well. AS we.
have a great deal Of uncleared land
with valuable timber standing upon it,
this whim can be INDUCED with double,
profits.
The underground in a plat to be
planted in ginseng is frat grubbed out,
leaving saplings and large timber for
shade. The earth is then dug lightly,
and all loose stones and tree roots re.
moved. If it does not seem rich or
deep enough, we use for fertilizer light
coats of unlesched wood ashes, we'll
rotted manure, decayed vegetable mat
ter of almost any kind or leaf mould
scraped from under trees in a5joining
thickets.
The beds are usually made about
four feet wide and of any length con-
venient, leaving an alley about foot
wide between them. Young roots or
seeds ere planted about 3A7 inches
apart. Tae seeds are covered an inch
deep, the roots about three inches.
This planting should be cone in the
fall, while roots and seeds are fresh, or
else they must be kept 30 until spring
in beds or boxes of loose, damp soil.
After planting the beds are covered
lightly with leaves, which are left to.
TCONTTNUED on PAGRS7
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22
MUSHROOMS AND MUSHROOM
GROWING.

Mr.. EcIIenbeck Says it is a Profitable
and Rapidly Growing Industry.
Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
The Year Book of the Department OF
Agriculture, 1892, has very fine paper
on edjole and poisonous fungi, i. e.
mushrooms, tOadstools and this class
Of vegetation.
The plate illustrations are unusually
fine. The descriptive text is not tech
nical and is readily understood by
these who are not expert botanists.
DIR. Farlow, professor of this branch of
botany at Harvard University, is the
author.
The professor starts out by denying
there is distinction to be drawn be-
tween mushrooms and toRdstools. All
mushrooms are toadstools, the popular
idea that edible fungi are mushrooms
being incorrect. The namo mushroom
having, by custom, become effxed to
very few OF the known edible fungi.
All our knowledge Of the fungi comes
from experience. Persons have eaten
different kinds Of fungi. Some have
been found good food. Some have
sickened and too often killed the per
son who ate them.
Two of the most deadly toadstool
species most closely resemble the most
common mushroom and are pleasant
of odor and taste.
Right here the learned professor left
a grave defect in his paper. H9 could
we'll have described the leading symp-
toms of poisoning by toadetools and
the best home remedies to be used
pending the arrival Of a physician.
The first described is the common
field mushroom with it's round white
umbrella top called the pi1eus, with it's
pink fringe beneath turning purple and
dark with age, This fringe running
from the stalk to the edge, somewhat
like the leaves Of a partly opened book,
is called the gills. The stalk is rather
short and stocky, not hollow, and
bears a ring, or collar, midway which
looks like piece torn from this vege-
table umbrellas cover; which, in fact,
it is. When at maturity it has frag-
rant odor and is both delicious and
nourishing when properly cooked.
Next the professor describes the fly
agaric, pronounced ag rik, with &C
cent on the first syllabIe,) which is 30
called because it has been used to
poison fes. This is a gaily painted
toadstool, with its umbrella cover vel
low, or red; its gills always white;
stalk white with wide membranous
collar hanging down from it's upper
end and it's bottom fringed with scales.
The colored surface of the ptLe1ts has
scales, or warts, scattered over it of a
whisish color. 1t grows singly instead
Of in groups like the field mushroom
And yet this deadly sinner closely re
sembles two of the most delicious edible
fungi, Amanita ra4bG seems and the
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22

In such a common crop as field corn
there are wide divergences of opinion
as to CT sural methods. The Indiana
Station has experimental with corn
for a series Of many years and reaches
the following conclusions as relating to
conditions at the experiment farm:
Planting corn early in May has
proved best as a rule.
The greatest average yields of both
ears and stalks have been obtained
when the stalks stood II to IA in ches
apart.
Thick planting has reduced the size
of the ears and the per cent. of grain.
Thick planting has in dry seasons
produced the heaviest yield of stalks
and the lightest yield of ears.
The yields of corn from cultivation
one, two and three inches deep have
been about equal.
Cultivation four inches deep has con-
siderably reduced the yield of corn.
Heavy applications of manure and
fertiliz 3rs have not proved prof liable
in continuous corn culture.
In continuous corn culture the effect
OF heavy application of fresh horse
manure has not been exhausted in
fifteen years.
Cultural implements differing much
in construction and action upon the
soil have produced nearly the same
yields of corn.
OF the several cultural implements
under trial. preference is given to the
spring tooth cultivator for soils similar
to that OF the station farm.
Hill and drill plantings Of corn have
produced practically the same average
yields.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22

"Ladybug, lady bug, fly away home, "
90 line familiar 90 most children who
are taught not to hurt the pretty bug
as she is a friend Of the garden; and
THIS s strictly true. The lady bug does
gea5 damage to insects which them
selv-s destroy the products OF the gar
aener labor, Plant lice, for instance,
Aae most insects, have certain natural
eleuE-s which tend to keep them in
clcE the lady birds or lady bugs are,
y Far. the most important factors in
'-- ruction Of plant lice, as both
'-s 4-gts and young feed ravenously
0soa .la1o. There is a notion prevalent
'-S- i-ly birds, IN some way or other,
produce plant lice. Natural laws will
1'' P-Em.u such a stateof fairs. Like
05sa.a slze in the insect world just as
pl5.5J-rt.y as it does in the higher
sI'--a. a.s. The progeny OF lady bird is
-.7ays q Iadybird like the parent in
wv The young Of a-lady bird, how.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22

The typical attack Of equine distem
per r. q lires very little treatment out
hde of easily digested food, good ven
tlation, g. s nee Of draft, rest and
viat Rectal injections of cold water
wlato lower the temperature and at
heame time to regulate the bowels.
Bgig7od nursing is the principal treat
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22

MiIlet, say a bulletin Of the Agricul
tural Department just published, is
fed principally as a hay and soiling
crop. The forage ranks we'll with that
OF other grasses in the nutritive con
tent, and it's palatability is about that
Of the average for the coarser sorts.
For digestibility, millet forage COM
pares favorably with that from other
coarse grasses.
Already widely grown as hay crop,
millets deserve more general use for
soiling. They are particularly valuable
for feeding to dairy cattle, young stock,
and sheep. There are many sections
Of the country where this crop can be
made to supplement the pastures in
such a way as to allow material in
crease in the number OF stock that can
be Kept on the farm.
On account of the heavy yield of
forege and the good qIality of the
product, millets are excellent grasses
for use in the silo. frequently a good
crop of millet can be raised under con,
dItions which would not admit OF
growing corn for ensilage, and in such
instances iG becomes Of especial value.
One Of she. best methods Of preserving
this crop is by the use OF the sllo;:
Those who have tried this method
nave obtained excellent results.
fine quality of ensilage may be made
by ueIng barnyaId mIllet and legu-
minous crop like soy beans or clover
The seed of the foxtail milLets Is widely
used as food for fowls and birds, but IS
seldom fed to stock. IL has, however,
been used In feeding young stock, sucn
as calves, with fair degree OF success.
The seed is an excellent food for laying
hens.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22

In cur timber belts a large crop of
aoorns is expected this fall-wetcome
news to many hog raisers. The acorn
crop is Of vast benefit to farmeis but
through lack of a little attention it is
allowed to injure or kill many hogs.
Acorns are an astTingent Of a tanDic
nature and unless some food which
tends to Loosen the bowels is fed in con-
nectiOn with them they may cause
cOnstpa ion to such an extent as to
seriously retard the growth Of if not
bill, many of the hogs. If liberal quan
utieg Of sq1ashes or pumpkins are fed
no such condition is likely to result.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22

ever, looks very different from the
adult. In fact, the young of some
species resemble minute alligators in
general appearance, and are gaily col
ored. They feed almost entirely upon
soft bodied insects.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22

S5y bean meal is a meritorious feed.
An experiment at the H Atch (Mass.)
Experiment. Station led to the conclu
:ion that soy bean meal is a better
feeding material for dairy COWS than
cotton seed meal The soy bean meal
produced more milk, richer cream and
better butter.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22

a Boston commission merchant
makes the following statement to his
customers: ut looks nov as if the
apple crop in this section would be
almost a failure. The best crops this
season appear to be in New York, Vlr
ginia and the Ohio valley States. If
nothing happens England and Europe
will have good yields. Take the United
States as a wto'e, it looks to me as if
the coming apple season would be the
most profitable for some time. The
Conditions are about the same as in
1924 At this date the conditions are
favorable for a just about right crop,
With conditions favorable for conser
Vative operations. And there will
Probably be just enough export de
port demand to keep our local maj ket
steady throughout the season"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22
PRACTICAL FARM NOTES.

Written for The Progressive Farmer by
the Editor, and Guy E. Mitchell.
We learn from Farmers Voice that
3 farmers grain company has been
organized in the southern part OF
Adams county, Nebraska, and the
brmers hereafter will ship their own
rain. They expect to handle this
nas-n's crop.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22

CONTINUED on PAGE s. ]
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22
F ARM AFT AIRS.
WHAT SOMR OF OUR EXPERT
MINT STATIONS ARE DOING.

Mr. G. Fl. Turner Tells of His Visit to
the Experiment Farm at Southern
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-22
oIIBLISH ed WEEKLY

~,I.,sv at our risk If sent by regist cred letter
anooTey aITIy order. Please don't send stamps
.. srre TO give both old and new addresses In
ping change of pOst0fice.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-06-17


No orator ever less needed the aids OF art
than the great London preacher Charles H.
Spurgeon. and none ever used them less but
when nature helped him. not only In himself
but outside OF himse IT, he welcomed the effect
as he had right to do. One striking instance
Of a sermon reinforced in this way is related
by clergyman OF the Church OF England. the
Rev. D. A. Doudney.
Mr.. SpurGeon was holding outdoor meetings
IN the county OF Hants lopposite the Isle OF
Wight. and one afternoon he preached to q
great throng of people in a beautiful valley
near the mark ct town Of Havant
Then will teach transgressors thy ways"
and the sermon was Gospel invitation. The
air was still. and a cloudless sun was sinking
as he approached the end of his DISCOURSE
while the attentive hearers caught every word.
Apparently they had not noticed. carried
along as they were by the sweep OF hs power
full voice. that the valley was the homo Of
echoes. Mr.. Sturgeon had discovered the fact
At the close Of his last appeal. raising his voice.
ready, Come! The Spirit and the bride say
" invitation again and again. Come Come !
Gomez"
The echoes took up the word and from side
to side the breathless assembly heard the re-
peated call. Come! Come Gomez" till Il sank
to a whisper in the distance.
The narrator describes the effect as like an
electric shock" 1t was as II the preacher 8
eloquent peroration had wakened supernal
voices.
We have no written record OF the fruits Of
the meeting but there was solemnity in the
aptness OF its close that lifted it above m ere
dramatic artifce or any Of the devices en-
ployed to trick.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-06-17
Everything Immortal,

To TIE EDITOR OF THE SrS-S,r, There Is no
such thing In existence humiliation, therefore
everything that exists In immortal There are con-
slant changes FORMS but there 10 no real DEATH
simply change. The egg dies as it were. but it may
die into chicken. the same as a caterpillar les
when it changes into butterfly.
The body dies but the elements % which it is com
posed not annihilated. II the life goes out Of
body can believe THAT It is the lite that has
died or changed. The life went out OF the egg and
left 1t empty she'll but the life did not die for
the 1.-Two chicken stands before you. The life went
out OF the caterpillar and left tho lfeless body but
the life did not die. for the butterfly ia passing in
the summer air. the life went out of the wheat FIELD
and left the lifcless straw, but tho life did not die
for the new wheat s waving in the June air. Life
went out of tho human body and left II worthless
piece OF decayng animal matter. but the life did not
die.
Now do not ask where the real the true jcwel has
gone. for could answer that would not be fool
ing my time away on these cyclone.swept plains
But say without fear Of successful denial that tho
fool only can say in his heart that there is no
Immortality when all nature proclaims that there
is no death. but only change.
Ida GROVE, Ia. June 10.