davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06
TURON,

j, o. Harrls, our village blacksmith
who has been quite sick for the past two
weeks, Is now able to Sit up some.
Hon, j. A. DeBOrd returned from his
visit TO Port Arthur last Thursday. He
reports having had II nice time and says
the time Is coming when that port g..
be the principal outlet for Kansas pro-
duets,
After nearly two yeare Of patient suf-
lenng with consumption, death claimed
Albert Doan, one of our esteemed cit-
zens, last Friday night He leaves a
wife, three children and host Of friends
to mourn his loss,
Chas. Price made u business trip to
the county capital Friday, returned the
same day.
M, NJ. Jordan, somewhat like the mer-.
chant Of old, has been tearing down and
building greater, this week, but in this
case we hope 1t may not prove as that of
bible times.
The NJ, Il. Sunday school gave very
appropriate and enjoyable entertainment
ut the church Easter Sunday evening,
Miss Eva Gragg was at Hutchinson
shopping last Ffiday.
0. Kuntcman moved into his property
recently purchased of NJ, Ii. Potter last
week.
Township Trustee Dickhut is around
this week inventoryng the peoples prop
erty, and by the way, he is having quite
u rocky time Of II under the new raes
adopted in this county,
There is quite u demand for residence
property in Turon this spring,
Walter Walker and family of Hutch
inson, came over Saturday to visit few
days ago with relatives and friends.
W. B. Ream Of the Press. has beer
making u good many visits over Into
Stafford county lately. 1t IL predicted
that the Turon house will lose a steady
boarderGsoou.
George Goodenough of Arlington, wa
in town Tuesday attending the J, r. Prc
cattle sale,
: 1t is said that the NJ. E. Church no,
has It's entire debts paid and will 500
- give the building a new coat of pain
and put a picket fence around III
, grounds.
Mrs, E, +. Brown of the Rock Islam
8 hotel is visiting her daughter In oklt
homa this week.
k Our honored 1ownsman j. II. Tyre
leaves this week for independence, kar
where he will reside in the future 8
j manager Of the Rock Island Lumb,
Cos business. Success to you Johnni
NoNPAREII.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06

LAN0DON.

Winter Is still here and seems to be
going to stay here.
Langdon has new doctor, DR., Petit
John Is his name. We welcome him.
Wes. Breser received one hundred
head of cattle from Alden last Tuesday,
enlarging his herd TO l,4OO head, Mr.,
Bresler is the kind that makes things 90
DR.. Pettijohn reports the arrival Of a
nine pound boy at c, 7. podd's, and
Papa Dodd doing fine.
J. A. Fehr & Co. OF Arlington are
erecting large business building for the
purpose Of putting In general line Of
hardware and farming implements,
The Turon Creamery Co, have made
all the necessary arrangements for
skimming station at this place, and will
eommahCe work al once,
Truly Lahsdoh is on The boom, with
hew HARDWARE store, a sklmmlng sauol
and three residence thouses being move'
into town in one week, and the prospec
of Two new large BUSINESS houses goin
up in the near future. Hurrah TO
Langdon.
Mrs. G. NJ. Duncan ia quite sick.
Harry Devenbaugh made n busines
trip to Hutchinson last Monday.
Rev. T. Goats preached at the Mapl
Grove school house last Sunday an
will preach there once month the bal
lance OF the year.
The Langdon school is out on Frlda
of this week. Quite an extensive pre-
gram has been arranged. Miss Hill hi
made good teacher.
Charlie Huffman. who las been sic
for some time, is no better. II.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06

According TO tie assessors returns
Nickerson has gained In population dur
ing the pnst year 3l5, and has total
population Of 1860
The Nickewon Relief Corps enter.
tanned the members Of that organization
from Hutchinson, Lyons and other places,
Dinper and supper were served In the
hall and the company was entertained by
the Nnkerson band
Q. G. Benedict is home from Newton
on the sick list
We understand the Nickerson band
will give a street concert every Saturday
evening. CLAY.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06
New seeds of all kinds at Brehm's
A Republican Prayer.

To the all-wise and neyer-to-be for
gotten Marcus, ruler Of the small and
big, even Mach and Tom, we come to
advise and be advised. Weknow that
we are weak lin mind when it comes
TO political questions, especially the
money and expansion questions. We
think that we are for expansion, but
o Marcus, we are not sure. We think
that we used 10 be In favor OF the free
coinage of silver, but we will not be
sure about that either, y, Marcus, 1t
does hurt our head to think for our
selves on these questions, Besides If
we did think and act on our own poor
judgment II might displease thee and
thy son Mack. Now, o Marcus, there
are many things that we wish to men
tion and we Oeseech thee to hear us in
much mercy. Thou surely knowest
that we have the welfare Of the repub'
lican party at heart. Yea, we would
go naked, starve, burn, beg, lie, steal
dlsown our mother, anything rather
than 90 back on the &. p, Thou
knOwest that the great campaign OF
1900 is fast approaching. Our enemies
are earnestly at work. They have de-
clared definitely on all the leading
questions, The people know just
where they stand on every question of
the day. Forgive me, 0 Marcus, If |
offend thee, but l must confess the
truth. We have no definite position on
anything. We are on all sides of ev
erything. 1t is through our own cussed
blundering that we are having to
slaughter those poor devils in the Phil
ippines,
Now Father Marcus, / bescSch thee,
brace up, Put on a bold front get
Mack under the hollow Of thy hand
and mark out definite course ot ac-
lion, There Is brother Tom, don't Of
fend him as he is dangerous enemy
Tell him that he shall be elected
speaker again If he behaves himself
We would not fail to mention the
name Of our beloved brother, Plngree
rs he seems to be slipping from grace
lie even talks populistically. We bel
thee to look after him and reclaim hin
If possible. If he is too far gone to b
saved, we think 1t would pay to dro
q little Of thy slush fund into his neigh
borhood and thereby relieve the goo
republicans Of a dead weight, Now
o Marcus, in conclusion we would SO
that we are only one of many VIII
have no strength Of mind politically
l but are led as sheep to the slaughte
5 being dumb we open not our mouths
To him who is able to make president
+ and manage them after re has mad
}. them l commend all sore-headed re
publicans. Amen.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06

Intense Feeling OF Gratitude NY A
White AAAl, Illinois, lady.
WmTE HAIL, ILL.,, FMR. 2a, 1901

White Hhlls Illinois, Andy'
WHITE HALL, ILL, Fen, 22, 1900
Dear Doctor and Mrs, Smith, Kansas
City, Mo,
Tothe guidance Of kind providence
and your shlllful treatment am COM
pletely cured OF that dreadful malady,
cancer. came home the nth OF Janu'
arg. My breast had entirely healed over
by the last OF the month and | have had
no pain since, the soreness Is all gone,
| would have written sooner, but | want
ed TO be sure II was cured, feel truly
grateful to you both for the many acts
of kindness and courtesy shown me while
nj your home, felt ~ home there.
The treatment was not as severe as |
supposed II would be and | viii heartily
recommend you when ! have opporlun-
Its, My friends all think ! have I'm.
proved wonderfully Please accept my
heartfelt thanks for all You have done
for me-
Wishing you success In your noble
work. the cause of suffering humanity,
| remain ever your friend,
MRS, LUCETlA Hustled,
Mrs. Hustled was cured by me OF
scIrrhus cancer Of the breast, and |
publish this letter so that you can see
how am regarded by those | treat for
cancer, Upon request | will send you
testimonials from patients | cured over
ten Q0) years ago, and who are just as
sound and we'll as though they had never
been afflicted with cancer Ut ALL Send
for my publication on the treatment OF
cancer, will send II to you free, Adj
dress, DR., Il. q, Smith, Northwest Cor.
10th and Main SITS, Kansas City, Mo.
Consultation In person or by mail free.
| II viii DO favor TO the editor
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06
E1oaTsiOns 60 Texas And tho sOUIh

Are you contemplating u trip south
southeast or southwestp DO you know
that the Mo. Pac., in connection with
@. II, l. T, Ry. at Wichita and dirverg'
Ing lines at TT, Worth Is the best,
shortest and most pleasant route tc
above mentioned territory Close
connections at all points, the splendid
equipment and good service afforded
by their route make IL to your interest
to investigate facilities offered by ouI
lines before starting on your journey
Call on OF address, P,J JLlEMBAcH,
Art, Mo. Pac. Ry
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06
Notice.

f. l., Parker of the Hutchinson
Mercantile Co., has moved their
large stock CT groceries into the Raft
building, where he has more room,
which enables him to give his custom
ers better service.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06
NICKERsON ITEMS.

Little Alma, daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs,
Robert Mitchell was buried in Wildmead
cemetery last week. The cause of hel
death was measels.
Mrs. j. B. Waugh Of Newton was Wis
itipg friends in this city last week.
Mrs. A. Hickle is remodeling and 9TH
erwise improving her house on her farm
west Of the city.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06
Farmers Correspondence e..


EpIroRs GAZETTE: win you ALLOW me
space IN your paper for q short letter, rs
promised to write 70 Il good many
friends, and would be glad to do 30
through your paper, left NIc6erson,
Kansas, March llth with mn emigrant ear
arriving at Golden City, Missouri, March
10th, before daylight Got through all
right and no extra charges on car Got
moved out on the farm the l7th, which
Is Ave miles northwest OF Golden
Found the roads generally dry but rutty
Found this county more thickly settled
than | expected; there Is a house to ev-
cry eighty acres.
The country around here is all under
laid with coal, some places within few
feet of the top Of the ground; the vein ia
from ten to thirty inches. The coal is
good and free burner, and sells at the
mine tor I've cents q bpshel,
The most Of the water has little 81.
phur in IT, II does not TASTE bad and is
healthy to drink, think this is good
stock coantfy, and fruit country. The
most of the people here are from the
north. School houses and churches are
plenty. There are two families from
Reno county, living near us II. W. Mer-
rill and W. A. Bowers. Found them all
well. Yours, G. WALKuP.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06
SAND HILLS.

Although we are stigmatized by the
eplthet, "Sandhillers" we are q pro-
gressive and rrOminnt people. In fact
scientists and detectives are becoming
much interested in us OF late. No
doubt ethnographists will soon discover
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06
Oxydonor
Crugiess IAoa.ing!
Tbo Most Remarkable Discovery Ever
KBown In the Liue Of Physical
Science, As Applied 30 tiie
Healing Art

The ONydonor Victory n q purely mechanical
Instrument discovered and perfected BY that
innd old man 80 we'll known To the sclonliic
uHd medical world, Dr. II, Snuohe after years Of
uiteil ana cu clhl research and experiments,
nd ~ ~ certain In It's lGsultSOs naiule Itself 70.
,dei II Is nanle'S assistant, II Is endorsed
al ned By hundreds Of prominent physlclal
ION thousands Of fnmlle, iNc II as their only
i,s acton rpm the humln body Is pcr'e3lly mai
'enimcnlS, and NJ b d effects can possibly res
a;cr Oad Is connected Wil the body by
IA IN y.,. cy.d lHs,rlEioaD, caUso mid ne,
Nc iiydtogcn and poisonous mattcr; the body
GaHllticS Of Oxygen, the lllc'giylng portion ol
yUp Tie NoOk parts, Inducing perfect clrcul
thoroughly vltalIzcd no yes fed and disease
,,lpNn fact acknowledged by the medical prof
If Il sCase Is largely guess work, ana the most -
tAe ONNIonNr: II assists nature, ana nature cUl
Pure oxygen, The instrument can be used by
loidg u lNlliclG Ut lis efficiency 1t has no
pcnsivc and Wit save all doctor bills, Drop rs
most wonderful OF scientific trumphs, It hnS I
Acar, the blind 10 ,c1 and the ll,ll2 geHpa
VIE to-day
oo3 ARLINGTON elro, u
iorH& WALNUT SITS.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06

aAR1nEH positively cured; noknifc used, lit.
WBAtd kJEn tie pain, cure guaranteed. We give
potients as references Write for information.
PIloo cured Withoutpain,- No pay accepted up-
ill cured; consultation FREQ. Write for testimoni-
ais. Dr. 3, o. SMITH, loih Msla SITS ,Kg9Sas CITY mo.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06
Da. Cle,s SAMlrN RIUM.

struments required in modern surgery.
Rupture, Plies. FistnIa, Structure
and VaricoceIe are radically and per-
manently cured by our surgical operation,
in from 1--WE to fifteen days, No medicine
or local application will ever cure these
troubles. We annually cure hundreds OF
this class of patients, leaving them in a
vigorous, healthy condition. Organic
Weakness, Nervous Debility, Premature
Decline of Manly Powers, Involuntary
Vital Losses, Impaired Memory, Mental
Anxiety, Absence of viii Power, Melan-
choly, Weak Back. and kindred aifec-
tions, are speedily, thoroughly and per.
manently cured II yon are affIicfcd
with any disease requiring either Medical
or Surgical skill, and cannot visit us,
write description Of your case and we
will cheerfully answer, giving our opin-
ion, together with the probable cost OF a
cure, and such other information as you
may desire. Address all communica-
tions to
D.. 9. L. COZ. nh nd Walnut Sh ,KauaS City, u.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06

McKinstry sells fine granite galvan-
lied and Japanned ware at wholesale
prices for cash only.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06
NEW BICYCLES. SI2. .6o

Examination allowed Sl9h0 Il agents price,
Only ono wheel In town nt this price. write
today and secure the agency Special prices
on repairing. Everything guaranteed hrstcIass.
C0ntlAl Cycle Co. 80 Walnut 80. Kan. CITY, MO.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06
Victory"

family physician, and enjoy perfect health
lra; no unpleasant sensation, as In electrical
II. The OXydonor Victory Is placed In cold
metal cord. The contrast OF heat and cold,
Il I've current to flow from the body. drawing ont
hen being In q negative state, 0bsorbs great
the atmosphere. Increasing the vitality build
tlon, and perfect health ensucs, Pure blood
,Npelod by cradcatlng It's cause, II Is q well
won, that The application Of drugs for the cure
rlous results often follow their use Not 50 with
5 with the grsllcN ana most lnialllbo of cures
any one and Will last for generations without
specially hut cures ALL diseases u Is not OK
postal card for pamphlet fully explaining this
adc the lame and paralytlc to walk, the deaf TO
| 10 reason, No electricity Achlld can use II,
r. l.. r. FhIoon g. Co.
KANSAS olTY. MO.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06

Now since you are needing new
dishes. call on Brehm.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06

Call and see Brebms nice new dishes
in sets. Low prices.
Hutchinson gazette., 1899-04-06

Honey 10 cents per glass at c, Mil
! er's.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-06-09

when the year IS young when the year
s young.
All the gnar'ed and knotted orchard thick
with wrcathes OF bloom J. hung.
And amid its od0r0us arches bees intone
the livel0ng day,
Where the 0r'ole transported, carols his
0viuest lay:
And within the hearts dim cloisiers all
tho sweetest bells are rung
To the tcnderost OF old descants-when
the year is young.
When the year S. young. care abjures
her dreary guise.
Greeting bcautys swift renaissance, e1'
ultat0n Ia her eyes:
Hopes deferred feel sweet provisions; and
the very winds are gay,
AS they strew with cherry petals all the
grass at peep OF day.
Grief itself seems but vesture. Ike
these mimic frost fakes. Hung
Ger the true the bright the Joyous
when the year is young.
When the year IS young. Ike dream
are days foriorn
While the dropping blrd-notes dimple all
the airy sea of morn,
And. rasurgent with It's sound-waves,
swell again. In tender ruth.
The nlimltable yearnlngs and the artless
faith OF youth.
To the last the sprlnstime glamour DER
the dearth OF life IS dung,
And TO JOY seems past renewal-when
the year IS young.
Weeks Magazine FOR June
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-06-09
SUIT OF JAMES
BELL RENEWED.
Brought in United States Court on
This Occasion.
An Interesting story Contained in His
Attempt to Get Possession OF
Valuable Property on
Church Hill.


James Bel an aged Brooklyn negro
has begun efforts 10 gain possession OF
property ON Thirty-second street. facing
ChimbOraz0 Park. and valued az several
thousands of d9'ars-S5.oo9 he claims TO
be the extent Of the damage 10 him
Yesterday morning notice OF "A suit 10 be
entered an The next rules was hed in
the United States Circuit Court. with the
declaration of Bell. and served through
the United States NarshaTs office on r.
W. Christian. j. ". Throckmorton H.
=. Collier. John Ricnwlnc Lloyd Hamu-
ton and ID. j.. W. Carter, an residents OF
Richmond
The case was carried 10 the United
States Court on The plea that Bell Is a
nonresident Colonel J.. r.. W Marye IL
counsel for Bell
A TEST CASE.
Last November "a test case was made
on One or the pieces of property IN the
Law ana Equity Court of the city W
Richmond. Ben brought ciectmeut pro-
ceed-ngs against b. II. w. carter A
verdict was returned FOR the defendant
ON the ground that Bell had been
save. and as such could not inherit pro-
perry
The property in litigation Is situated
on Thirty-sec0nd street facing Chimbo-
raz1 Park and is numbered from 10 10
Si6 inclusive. IL fronts l05 feet on Thirty
second street ana l@l on Grace. Nihe
good orick houses now s''nn on the -
perry claimed hy heA
for many yei.f plior 10 ne war DC
tween ths states there stood on the lot
in question. WniA Was pait %. quarter
square of sro.1d. s'ntI hrick oweH.Hs.
which was 0Wloa ana occupied 10y hprcas
Bell lco'ore. she ~ys free wcnan
and purctlrai TOO properly il n. Ger
husband was a'o O. ifee n'sso- 'ue son.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-06-09

Mcssrs Hogshead. Murrell. Scdgwick
and Pearson. with banlos and guitars.
Will contribute delightful instrumental
music
Mr. G. r. Humphrey will be the soLoist
of tine evening Mr. Thomas Mitchell. n
host n himself VIII rite some Of his
humorous SONGS and mono,ogro work
The subject Of the debate Of the even
ing will be- RE aolvcd. That tho Uunod
states senators should be elected h, the
direct vote 81 the people The affirmative
wifi boz represented by Nossrs f. T..
Brown and A. o. Gooac. and tno negative
by Aimus H. T. lngham and J. .. Al
wood
ass on $50 former occasions % tho en-
trrfalnmcnfs " the smlthdcal College
Literary Society 20 cordial Invitation 90
De present is extended 70 AN friends OF
the college.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-06-09

When first to p0t-le WAS wed
one morning unto her I slid-
"The pies that mother used to make.
And likewise too her bread and cake
Were of the best Now strive. my lass
TO get in mothers cooking class
She looked ms sqlaroIy in tne eye
And made this innocent rep.y
"T0 cook lke her I'D surely try
But-1ud Der look was very sly
"f want cook stove nice and bright
Sent uD 90 noe this very night
A stove ..La father used % buy
The years are many SER my head
Since unto Dorothy I said
A word about how mother cooked.
I've not lorsottal how Dott.e looked
The day 7 drst made chat bad break
About how mother used 90 bake.
But Dec me say. 'tw.xt you and j.
That moro than once WITH heartfelt sigi
I've seen her unto me- draw nish
And with d glitter in her eye
say unto me. or want a hat
And yards of this and yards Of that;
Just like my father used 90 buy.
What TO Eat
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-06-09
RICHMOND SENATE WON
The Petersburg Boys Did Well but
Not Onto We'll Enough

The public debate held in the Assembly
Han of The Young Mems cl--'1l hs-
ISOLATION last night between the Associl-
ton Senate of Richmond. and rle Assoc
citation Debating Society of Petersburg,
was most enjoyable event.
Tho question debated was
"ROso.yed. That men of thought have
been more beneficial to the world thar
men of action.
This important question was ably ct-
batod by Mcssrs. John S. Esslc--1n ara
A. D. Caldwell. OF Richmond n i.a ~
nrmative and by Messrs Forest W..
Tucker and sam vs.. Peterson, off Peters
burg. in The negative.
While AN the speakers covered them
selves with glory AND WON liberal ape
plause. the Richmond speakers won The
night and tho judg who were Cow
ernor Tyler. Dr. George III. Ray and Mr.
S - Pattcs0n-so decided
There was a very fargo attendance
and The occasion. was onlivened by
music from the Virginia Gloa CLUB. Rev.
Dr w. T.. T. Smith offered PRAYER, and
remarks were made by the presidnt. Mr.
$. w. Woodward
The Petersburg boys were given
roval welcome by the Richmond Senate
and We're escorted to the train on their
return trip and loudly cheered.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-06-09

Mr. w. W. Myers the singing Of Captain
F. W. Cunningham. Mr.. Charles harfa.
Miss Daisy Neal. Miss Nettle Clarke ana
others was most delightful
After the concert cream was served OF,
the lawn and social Intercourse enjoyed
r,+u fho last car loft at T. clock.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-06-09
HAMPDEN-S SIDNEY ALUMNI.
Richmond Association Meets at the
jefferson and Eiecfa nniccr.

At the second annual meeting OF the
Richmond Association of Hampden-Sld-
ney College held at The jefferson last
night. the following officers were elected.
d. Paulus y. Irving president. A. b.
Dickinson, vice-president; J. c.. Hankins.
treasurer. and Daniel Gnnnan secretary.
The date for the annual meeting WAS
fixed tor the first Thursday in May OF
each year.
a resolution OF respect for the late Dr..
Moses ID. Hoge was unanimously adopted.
Rev. w. G. Buchanan Was elected to
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-06-09
A GREAT SUCCESS.


Home Much EhIpNch.
The entertainment given 40 the Sol
dirrs' Home last night, under the man
aaoment of Captain w. 3. Whiuock. for
tie benefit OF the chapel. at that place,
Was grand success. Fully seven hun-
dred persons were In attendance, and they
enjoyed themselves t0 the ful
A most delightful programme was rem
dered. the particular stars of the occasion
beine little Misses Annie and Lille Tav-
lor. aged six and four years. respectively.
who gave "a comic duet; little Gladys Pey-
ton. aged tive who rendered 70 number
of pieces on the plano most cleyerly. and
Mrs. W. u. Yeamans whose recitation
was much enjoyed.
Others who took part were the East
End Quar-ette consisting of Misses Delta
Oeilyie. Rosa Robinson. and Messrr
Archer Creekmore and j a Artiey.
The T0uey Miller Combination. tse
SINGING Of Mss Willie Roane and a..
George r. Mountcasse, the recltatlons u
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-06-09
DIR. DAviD's LIVER PILLS

are offered Co the public as the best
cure for dls1rdcred liver known. and
bat one trial is needed 20 convince the
most skcuucal OF This lact.
These pills are very mild and harm
less in their action upon the Liver and
Bowels. and whore persons are suifcring
with any Bilious Affections. Headache.
ana especially Sick Headache Costive-
moss. Dyspepsia or amy disease OF the
LIVER OR STOMACH they should al-
ways have "a box of them near az hand.
and take them by directions found on the
box
The verdict Of everybody that has taken
DR.. paV.d's Liver Pills is. They are the
best and most pleasant Pills l ever
took All sufferers should give them
81 trial. Price % cents box; FIVE boxes
for ST. For sale everywhere.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-06-09

A-c5orr3w night The smilhdeal College
IitcrF.v E-6cfrfy will give Dos last enter
taiumcnt of the season n the ubnc hail
q tho college. beginning az s o'clock.
The event win boz an interesting one
music. oscillations and "a de-
bate Mr. S. j. DeNault whose recita-
tons were go highly enjoyed U The for
mol opening ar thc college in lts new
building. viii give some of his delightfully."-
humorous SELECTIONS rieh treat. indeed.