davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1899-10-05

r.. Newton is transacting business
in Omaha this afternoon.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1899-10-05

Miss Essie Mikesell, Of Logan, spen,
last night in the Valley with friends.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1899-10-05

George w. Egan, Republican
Candidate For Represen-
tative, Will Address the
Voters of Harrison County
At the Following Places
And Dates:
Clay township school house, Tues
day, October TO-
Little Sioux, Wednesday, Oct, IL.
Mo. Valley, Monday, Oct. 16
Douglas township, school house
Wednesday, Oct, is.
Cass township school house, Thurs
day, Oct, 10.
Persia, Friday, October 20.
Beebetown, Saturday. Oct. 81.
Mondamin, Monday, Oct, %.
h"nl'p, Tuesday, Oct, "a.
Wo"dt inc, Thnrs:lav Oct, 26.
Logan. S.'ui,in", G.' %
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1899-04-28
JUDICIARY.

Canton Times.
IT. will be Il bad day for the peoDl.
and for the judicial branch Of uo,,r.
nment when the people vote for an
elective judiciary. There is no di.
guiSing the fact, well known toal
thinking and honest minded men n
any ability whatever, that the mass.
OF the people are incapable Of select.
ing the best men for judges. Then
is.no discredit or disregard OF tie
masses in this statement Of facts. fw
one man is born with one talent and
one with another. and each suited 10
his sphere. Nature never endowed all
alike and she acted wisely in not doinp
so. There Is too much politics, l0o
much room for demagoguer in elect.
ing Judges by the people. Any jack.
ley lawyer who is incompetent to
stand in the front ranks Of the legal
profession can win by palavcr. pre-.
tense, Misunderstanding and chicancy
ii judgcslIip before the people. What
do they know Of his ability, scattered
As they are all over The district,Jc.
mote from his sphere Of practical
doingS. They are simply incapable
of judging of his qualifications. II
they are capable of selecting a Gover
nor and a Senate-which is doubtful
then the judges chosen by them will
be virtually by the people, and these
officials are certainly more CONVEX.
SAINT with the legal talent Of the
State and better qualified to select
good judges. How many bad ones
have we gotten in this way in the
past. 1t is for the best interest OIL
the people to let the present appoint
i've s. stcm remain unchanged.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1899-04-28
THE

Southern Farm Gazette.
The mortgage isa self.supporting
Institution.
I've mortgage holds its own 1t
calls for just as many dollars when
cotton is low as when IL is high.
II is not affected by the drouth. :
IL is not drowned out by the heavy
rains. 1t mayer winter kills.
Late spring and early frosts do not
troubleit.
PQt alto bugs do not disturb it.
Moth and rust do not destroy it,.
ltgruws nights, Sundays, rainy
days and even holidays.
II brings a surecrop every year, and
sometimes twice a year..
II produces cash every time.
IL does not have to wait for the mar
ket to advance.
Its not subject to speculation OF
the "bull and bears" Of the board OF
trade.
1t is a load that gals, and frets and
chafes.
1t is IA burden that the farmer can
NIT shake of.
II Is with him morning, noon and
night.
IL sits with him at the table,
1t gets under his pillow when he
sleeps.
1t rides upon his shoulders during
the day.
IL consumes his grain crop.
IL devours his cattle.
II selects the finest horses and tie
latest steers.
IL stalks TO the dairy where the bu-
sy housewife tolls day after day and
month after month, and takes the
incest cheese and the choicest butter.
IL shares sthe children's bread aud
robs them OF half their clothes.
1t is the memorable and exactinp
taskmaster.
Its whip is as cruel and mcrcilcss as
the lash OF the slave driver.
lisa mcanance to liberty uhind-
rance to progress and Il course to the
nation.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1899-04-28
&heAemorrst.S s.
THE NEXT CENsus
Chicago Record.

Chicago Record.
some OF our thoughtful ~,
ans are predicting that there rs. .M
great disappointment when ,ns b
ia. 'as'on n. Of the United States is sa an' nsss'
Ged lat at the close Of the next ' saa,la
1t will be remembered tna, ' ,os ssa'oi
great surprise when the retu,e. vas
the censuns of 1890 came in Turns Of
us only 49,, 900 900 instead q, ',a gave
700 1000 we had claimed. No ,o sus o.
son exists for believing thai rp' re-, "a
growth during the last ten vs s' ,As
been more rapid than from ,os. aa'
1880. In fact, there has been 'oSh
derable falling Off in imia us.as''
The total number Of migrants S".''
the ten years from 1880 to lss" u''as
elusive, was $685., ABS. E,,ius..' To-
the arrivals during the preseO,
TO equal those of the two lac, "a
ding 10000 to the above ;o, ano a.
population has been increasing ,s sae
40 from abroad during the h,s, !,
cade. a''u e
Public speakers are in the b,A,, .
proc'alming our population
about 75,oOO,ooo. The .rcsso,v
partment in making IT'S percen,,u "s
OF commerce, circulation, etc.. o..
bases its calculations upon an es,i~.
ted population of 5 ,465, 900 IN ~
first of January, 1889. Las, Won,
almanac maker in New York obt,ia.s
estimates from the governors a, i,
the States, which aggregated y 81,
23l. The almanacs and statis,in..,
vary all the way from 7a0cOoM ~
S5.OOo,00O population.
The increase from 1870 to 1881 v,.
about 10000, 900, tie increase ,,0~
1850 to 1890 was about u. 1000, Ooo and
adding l2.O0O, 900 to the total re,,,,'
ed by the last census, we have 74,7M.
$50. ~
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1899-04-28
II TOWN OF NOGO0D.
New Haven Register.

New Haven Register
My friend, have you heard OF the
town Of Nogood, on the banks Of the
river Slow, where blooms the Waita'
while flower fair, where the Some
timeOrOther scents the air, and sOlt
G0easys grow?
1t lies in the valley Of Whatstheuse
in the province of Let-things-sllde.
That tired feeling is native there. IL
is the home of the reckless ldODtcare
where the GiveitupS abide.
The town is as old as the human
race, and il grows with the flight OF
years. 1t is wrapped in the fog OF
idcler's dreams. Its streets are paveo
with discarded schemes and sprlnk'
ed with useless tears.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1899-04-28

Now that the war with Spain is
well over, says the Philadelphia Re.
cord. the announcement is made tina,
the Pension Bureau is busily engaged
in returning TO the rolls the names of
pensioners who enlisted in that war.
The army surgeons found these men
sound enough for military service; the
medical examining boards Of the Pen.
sion Bureau find it an easy matter to
restore them TO the pension list as in
valids. And there you are.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1899-04-28
Ghelemurraf-S Star
LIST OF CANDIDATES
For UNITED STATES SENATOR AND
FOX STATES OFFICES.

The following. from the Jackson cor
respondent of the Picayune will be
found interesting:
From now until after the State con
venti0n speaks, there will be more
politics to the square inch than Car
fter had oats, and the understanding
is that old gentleman always had oats
IL sep by the carload.
There will be at least 1900 candi-
dates in the field for State, county dis
triet and legislative and beat offices
before the nominations are made.
1t may prove Of interest at this time
to publish the names Of the tandi.
dates for United States Senator, long
and short terms, and the counties
from which theyhail, together with a
list Of candidates for State Offices and
the county in which each lives.
For the United States Senate, the
announced candidates for the long
term, beginning March 4, 1901, and
ending March 3, 1907, and John NJ.
Allen. of Lee, and A. j. McLaurin, of
Rankin. Fol the short term, ending
March 3, 1901, and beginning. as soon
as the Legislature which meets next
January, elects, are Robert Lowry, of
Kinds, and W. V. Sullivan, of Llfay-
cite.
For governor there are six candi-
dates since the withdrawal of Lieute-
nant Governor Jones, as follows: A..
II. Longino, of Washington; Robert
Powell; of Madison; J. +. McCool, of
Alfalfa; e. A. Critz, of CLAY; w. a.
Montgomery. of Kinds: }. X. Varda-
man, of LcGore.
The candidates for the other State
offices are as follows:
For Lieutenant Governor-Jas. II.
Harrison, of Lowdes; f, NJ. Barber,
OF Harrison.
Secretary of State-J. l.. Power, Of
Kinds.
Auditor Of Public Accounts-E. J.
Smith. OF Monroe, w. q. Cole of Yalo.
busha, L. NJ. Henry. of Kinds.
State Treasurer-James G.. Giles
pie, Of Leilore; L. u. Smith, Of Kinds,
j. II. Showers, Of Lafayette, John Cal.
h0oth Of Marshall.
Attorney General-MonrOe McClurg,
of Lchore: Walter Trottcr, of Mont
gomery.
State Superintendent of Education
Colonel j. NJ, Barrow, Of Lowndes;
il. L. Whitfield, Gf Rankin.
State Land Commissioner-E. II.
Nall, OF Holmes, E. j. Marrctt, of
Marshall.
State Revenue Agcnt-Wirt Adams,
of Kinds.
Clerk of the Supreme Court-E. w.
Crown, of Copiah.
Railroad Commissioner, Northern
District-J. j. Evans, Of Monroe:
j. j. Colman, Of Tishomingo; A. A.
KincannOn, Of Lee: j. II. Binford. of
Montgomery b. +. Thomas, OF Gre
NADIA; A. p. Watson. Of Oktibheha.
Middle District-John d. McInnis,
of Laudcrdalo u. NJ. Lawrence, of
Warren; +. NJ, Triplclt, of Lcake.
Southern DiStrict-M. NJ. Evans,
of Jackson: A. q. May, Of Simpson,;
j. G.. Lyell. Of Cupial.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1899-04-28
COL. MONTGOMERY'S MISTAKE

CoL' IVA Llt . hlC "a IN Il
Columbus Disp itch.
Col. Montgomery made a fine sol
dier and is a good man, but if the re-
ports Of his speech at Sardis are true
he is not an astute politician. 1t is
said in presenting his claims for
Governor there he vigorously attacked
Mr.. Allen. We are not fighting Mr..
Aliens battles, he is fully able to
care for himself, but we cannot re-
frain from the observation that in
departing from the presentation Of
his claims for Governor Col. Mont
gomery has made a great mistake.
In attacking Mr.. Allen he has enter
ed into the Senatorial acc and pro.
claimed himself Il McLaurin partisan.
a fact that will cause him the loss of
thousands of votes among Mr.. Aliens
friends.
The Sardis Reporter is responsible
for this hit of information and if it is
a mistake, like another serious charge
which has been brought against the
Colonel, we will be glad to correct it.
Col. Montgomery has IA fine following
in Old Lowndes and they want to
hear from him.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1899-04-28

The Arkansaw Legislature has pass
cd a law containing the following sec.
tion: ANY person whosshall have in
possession or who shall sell or expose
FOR sale any feathers or skins or parts
OF birds for use In millinery or similar
purposes, or shall kill for such pur.
poses any birds In this State, shall be
oee'ned guilty Of a misdemeanor and
upon conviction shall be 0ned not less
than SO nor more than go for each
plrd Or skin or part Of skin or porce'
Of feathers SO sold or offered for sal,
or killed for that purpose"
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1899-04-28

''Do you take this woman to be
your welded wife?n asked the JUS
ticc when the proper point in the GER
emory had been reached.
"YOu've missed your guess, judge
answered the prospective benedict,
who was there principally because he
had been threatened witta breach Of
promise suit. ''I'm the n that's
being ken.-ChicagO Post.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1899-04-28

The journal Is the histOriOn. 1t
is more important to know what Is
going on to-day than what occurred
in ancient Greece, We hear the cry
that murders, divorces and all crimes
should lie kept from the press. No.
We want 4 press that shall tell us the
vices OF mankind as well as the vir-
tues. The press in Hooking glass.
We look 10 every morning and we see
ourselves very dirty. But we do not
want to find fault with the glass. We
4 want to wash ourselves Lyman Alb.
bott.
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
Legumrs Make r CHI Manure.
ID. +. BURLEY,
G. p. g. II. A.

The high manurial value Of nitro
genous feeding stuffs Is very import
ant factor in their use. This is es-
pecinlly true on old ground where
the original fertility OF the soil has
been reduced by long cropping. Nitro
gen Is the most expensive constituent
OF commercial fertilizer. 1t costs over
three times Ms much per pound as
potash and nearly three lines MS much
as phosphoric acid. The real value that
The farmer Is able 10 get out of his
folders In the foim Of manure, de.
pends largely upon The composition Of
toe fodder. the manure containing
practically the same proportions of
fertlliZing clemens. The kind OF ami
NAL through which the fodder passes
and The way IN which the manure is
cared for are Of course Important
factors. especially the latter, but
everything else being equal fodder
which is rich In nitrogen will OF course
yield manure far more valuable than
fodder aiming mostly carbonaceors
matter.
The luguminous coarse folders, such
as clover, vetch, COW peas. soy beans.
etc, have much higher manurial VA.
Tue than similar folders OF grasses,
corn. sorghum, etc. According 10
some Of the experiment station inves.
legations such folders as clover hay for
instance produce manure nearly
twice as valuable for fertillzing pur-
poses as do common grasses.
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
Hotel Arrivals.

The following are arrivals since our
last report:
wedncsday--W A Springer, Boston;
Maggie Burk, Bingham junction, Di
antna Thomas, Pavson, w L Green,
Salt Lake; g M Price, Kansas City; c
Il Baker, Carrie Peterson, Mercur; e J
Parrish. New York.
Thur-day-J L Herzog. II l. Moor.
man, New York;J Y Shields, Chicago;
F G King, Kansas City;J Devereux,
K A We fr, + Knudsen, II J Achison.
w A Maibens, w f Lawson, Orvin
Morris and wife. VIII Sears, SAT- Lake:
r NJ Spencer, Wheeling. " Va; A B
Bell. Denver; g A Graves. Ogden.
Friday-D J. Fulap, San francisco:
q II Mcmahon, s Louis; II II Potter,
AK Phillips. Chicago; Chas A Bray,
wife. Denver; ID Evans, ) n Slinsun,
w 4 Skinner, ) Al, Lake; w w Russe.l
Pueblo; } Il Wren. DR. & N Ray, Fer.
ron; Il NJ Hardy. Grand Junction.
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
CRAFT OF COAL STEALING.
How the Railroads Are yictim'zed by
those in That Industry.

Coal stealing from railroads, CON.
mon along the lines Of all coal.carry-
ing roads has been reduced to n sys.
TEN IN Syracuse, the Post.Staudard or
that city says The thieves work hard
aud take many risks, not only of de.
ipclion. but Ut bodily injury. Their
methods would be called clever II em
played In an honest business. The
heaviest thievlng is done by men with
sacks. who climb up between the cars
III slow moving train with two or
more busbel sacks concealed under
their clothing. An opportunity offers
they al a sack and throw h from the
tram. to he picked up by accomplices.
Another trick is adopted by men who,
dressed like tramps, board trains as II
with the intention OF stealing a ride.
These men travel along from one Car
to another. apparently seeking COM
Portable place in which to lie down.
In in heir progress they manage to
dslodge large amount Of coal. which
Is subsequently, picked up by the
women and children who are employed
IN the "industry." Large quantities
of crsl are stolen by these and other
met beds. the plumber being disposed of
io dnscI upulous dealers, who subSe-
queuIly rob The honest poor by dlshon-
est measure,
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19

sought 10 get some refreshments 1T his
place. TIe wds wi,hal gritty. and said
lie was goihg TO stick IL out somehow.
This was about twenty years ag". Last
year we we're ~ his place again. There
was nice, large house.a big red barn,
4 wealth Of cereal crops, Hncks aud
nerds; the grassh"pper iree claim had
bee Jine s5O.an-acre-farm. aud the
grit and courage Of The pioneer WAS at
last splendidly rewardrd.-- 3. rrigg
III Exchange.
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
A Frien lily Suggestion.

"I'm afraid I'll have to move again"
said Smith the other morning as he
boarded downtown car.
What's the trouble now?" inquired
his friend Jones.
"The kitchen chimney smokes dread.
fully" replied Smith. land Tn unable
to stop it,"
"I'll tell you what to do, "said Jones.
"Give IL one Of those cigars like you
gave me yesterday. and IT'S 10 toll
shot IT. will quit smoking OF its own
accord. "-Chlcago News.
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
The Gritty Pioneer.

1t was grasshopper year 10 the north
western counties OF Iowa. He was
trying to hold on to his farm 10 spite OF
discouragemeots which were almost
overwhelming. HIS house was sod
shack. his barn few poles and pilo
OF straw. his grain fields stripped clean
by the grasshopper sconrge. He was
ragged, unkempt, add his wife and lit
tie ones, his team and oulBt seemed
paraIyz-d with poverty. He had moth.
ing 70 offer but some cold iohnny-eake
and o sup ot cold 'saiss when we
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19

anxiety, though both words agree in
meaning originally. choking" or a
"stranging," referring. OF course, to
the throttllng eGecl upon Individual
activity. Anxiety faces large issues OF
life, seriously, calmly, with dignity.
Anxiety always suggests hopeful POSI-.
bllty; It is active in being ready and
dcvising MEASURES to meet the outcome.
Worry is not one large individual sor-
row; IL Is colony OF petty, vague. 10.
significant. restless imps OF fear that
become important only from their com'
bination, their constancy. their itera'
ton. William George Jordan in the
Saturday Evening Post.
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
WORRY.
What This Foolish, Eneryating Hab'
10 DOES For Mankind.

~ bO-o TUT mduhiHu.
Worry is fore,hought gone to seed
Worry is di>counling possible future
sorrows so that the individual may
have present misery. Worry is the ia
iher of insomnia. Worry is the traitor
10 our camp that dampens our powder,
weakens our aim. Uuder the guise OF
helping US to bear the present aud to
he ready for the future worry multi.
plies enemies within our MUD to sap
our strength.
Worry is the dominance OF the mind
by single, vague, restless. unsati. fed
fearing and fearful idea. The mental
energy and force that should br capcen.
trated on The successive duties of the
day Is constantly and snrreplitiously
distracted and absorbed 10y this one fix.
ell idea. The full. rich strength NJ the
unconscious working OF the mind. that
which produces our hest success, that
represents our finest activity, Is tapped
led away aud wasted on worry.
Worry must not be confused wit
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
Cheap Ri ties to Phi adeIphia.

Account OF tho G. A. r. National
Eueampment at Philadelphia In Sep
TENDER, the II. G. w. will make the
following round trip rates to Philadel,
phia and return. Selling dates August
20, 80, 81 aud Sept l. Limited to
Sept ~, but can be extended TO Sept.
80; $685., good going and returning
via same route, tickets not good TO
stop off In transit; s6O.5O, good gong
and returning via same route, good for
one slop-over east Of Buffalo or Pitts
burgh; 500, 80. good going wa one route
and returning via another, good for one
stop over in each direction east OF
Buffalo or Pittsburgh. z
f. FoIys. Ageat.
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
PROVO CITY OFFICERS.
NEIGHBORHOOD.

d. d. Houtz returned this morning
from Moab.
s. r. Thnrman spent m st Of the
week IN Salt Lake on Legal business.
To Geneva and return 20 cents via
r. O. w. Tickets on sale every day.
Brick to trade for dry wood for a
short time. Provo Pressed Brick Co.
Geo. Il. Howe carries full supply OF
fishing tackle. baseballs aud sporting
goods.
Suspenders to as cents at Barrett
& McKrnurick's. Towels from is to
as cents.
Prof. George Childs, superintendent
Of the Lehl schools, was in Provo
thursday.
tn Castillo Springs and return SO
sents via X. q. w. Tickets on sale
every day.
The Utah county teachers are bold
Ing their annu,l Institute at Castillo
Springs this week.
The Oregon Short Line will run the
G. A. X. excursion "ut Of Utah county
TO Saltair August 20.
County Attorney Jacob Evans went
&, Tintic Wednesday evening on legal
aud mining business.
TCC When you want leo this sum.
I'LL mef Just watch for the blue
wagop.--Earf r. Allen.
Note the new adv. IN this issue Of
Done & Archhold. bicycle repairers.
They are reliable and ail right.
+. E. Crouch, bookblnder. basement
6wasry blk, opp. posloflice. Provo. All
kinds bookbinding neatly done.
Batienburg lace taught. Irauire for
few days only. AZ Mr.. Ksllogg's, west
side Ut l. street. just above Center.
s. i. Adams yesterday closed $4,000
NtHi Whtt'hy Nv otC'ntS VIC 'WHtf vi
the Beesley farm Just south of Provo.
Springvlle has been elevated 10 the
dig ity OF u Presidential pos,otfice. Ey-
iden y our sister city is getting
there"
Geo. Il. Howe of Provo Is world
beater on bicycle bargains. He has a
full line Of ladies', gents aud boys
wheels,
Fresh trout, Utah black bass, straw
berries. new ves eiables aud all Of the
delicacles OF the season at Geo. 4.
>Howe's grocery store.
The remains ~ ]. W. Long, who was
accidentally shot at Pine Mountain,
Wyo., as detailed In oui last issue.
were brought to Provo Wednesday
evening. and the burial took place
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
Helping Him Along

Author-So you decliuc to produces
my playf
Manager-Yes, II would he useless.
Author--Isn't the plot a good oneY
Isn't The dialogue brightS
Mansger--Oh, yes. but it's decent.
Why don't you take a look around9
See what plays ARE drawing the crowds.
Then write another aud / may be able
to use it.-Exchange.
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19

Rates from points south Of Salt Lake
City will he made by adding one way
rates To Salt Lake to above rates.
Transit lin,i, OF five days In ench d.
rection Will be allowed on tickets
hearing final limit OF thirty days.
o her tickets will be- limited to con.
tinuous passage In each direction.
ID. f BUHLEY,
G. p. & Il. A.
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
BIDS wanted.

Bids will be received by Holmes q
Watkins until August 2snd for the
hauling OF 500, 600 brick. more or less,
full, part or whole; also furnishing and
hanling sand for same.
Box PAL. Provo.
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19

scarcely any wind, ma. aud ma. and
we went real slow, just as IL we were
going to church, you know.--New York
Weekly.
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
Excursion To Pc nts North via Oregon
Short Line.

The following rates are authorized
for the sale of excursion tickets from
Salt Lake city To points In northern
Utah and points In Idaho and Oregon
Saturday, August ~, 1870:
The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
A Solemn Sail.

Mrs. What? Is IL posi-
BILE that while at Fashion Bay you ac-
tually went out sailing with II young
man on Sundays
Daughter--Y.e-s. ma; but there was