The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-08-27


and several other students OF tho subject on the
other. the reader may like TO see the conclusion
at which Mr.. Gardiner has arrived. After recall
ing the fact that Harold as soon as he reached
the point OF danger drew up his army the long
hill OF Senlac, on which Battle Abbey now stands,
our author points out wherein the military equip
ment OF the Normans was superior TO that OF the
English. The English fought on foot mostly
with wo-handed axes; the Normans fought not
only on horseback with lances but also with in.
fantry, some Of them being archcrs A horse,
the principal weapon OF boTseman, has more
momentum than an armed footman, whilst an
arrow can reach the object at which 1t is aimed
long before a horse, and Harold was, therefore,
obliged TO attempt 70 lessen the danger by defen-
sive contrivances" Mr. Gardiner goes on 70
say that the English King, had in his favor the
slope OF the hill up which the Normans would
have 70 ride, and he raised near the top of IL a
wooden "palisade" TO keep off the enemy g CT, <alry
from sweeping away his footmen. Strong as his
defence was, II was immovabic, and. therefore,
made it impossible for Harold to change his ar
rangcment the fortunes of the day might
need. William OH tho other hand. had not only
better armed force, but moro flexible one.
He could move his men from place to place, and
make use of each opportunity as it arrived. The
English were brave enough, but William was a
moro intelligent loader than Harold. and his men
were under much better control Twice after
the battle had begun, the Norman horsemen
charged up the hill, only 10 be driven back. Then
William finding that the dyke not 10 be storm
ed by direct attack, met the difficulty by calling
the English with shower OF arrows, and order
ing his left wing to turn and fly. The stratagem
was successful Some of the English rushed
down the hill in pursuit The fugitves faced
round and charged the pursuers following them
nv NhA dxrlyA ~,
thus left unguarded; but they held out stoutly,
and az the Norman horsemen. now in occupa~
ton Of one end of the hill, charged hercely along
its crest they locked their shields firmly to.
gether and fought desperately for life II no longer
Tor victory" IL appears, then. according 10 Mr.
Gardiner that Harold's soldiers were, at first
defended on all sides by palisade or dyke,
but that after the Normans gained access tn
their flank or rear, they opposed to the enemy at
this point a shield wall
Almost as much stress is laid by Mr. Gardiner
as by Prof Freeman on the non recognition in
England up to n comparatively late period OF the
title TO rule by the right of primogcniture Will
liam l., Of course, reigned by conquest but both
William H. and Henry l. younger sons of
the conqueror and according to the law of primo
geniture, the Crown belonged to their elder brother
Robert, and afterwards TO Roberts son. William
Cto stephen, Of course. being the son Of the Con
queror daughter, Adela, had an inferior claim to
that OF Matilda, the daughter of Henry l.. and CON
u that N her. son. who became Henry
H. So too, the claim Of John the youngest son of
Henry H., to succeed Richard l.. was inferior TO
that OF Arthur, the son OF Johns elder brother
Godfrey. In all these cases however the success
full candidate was the choice Of the English barons
whose assembly took the place Of the Witcnage-
mot of pre-Norman times 1t is equally certain
hat IN he of
Balliols after the death at sea OF the Maid Of
Norway" had better right to the Scottish crown
than had the Bruces, because the former like the
Comyns, were descended from an elder daughter |
Of David, Earl Of Huntingdon That the Kings
Of the House Of Lancaster had only a Pariamen- |
larry title is well known, the true heir to the Eng
fish throne after the death of Richard III being |
The son OF Edmund Mortimer, by Phippa, the |
daughter of the Duke OF Clarence elder brother of
The Duke OF Lancaster. The title OF the Yorlist |
claimants OF the crown was derived, Of course
not from the Duke of York. youngest son of
Edward Ill. but through the Mor;imers from
Tho Duke OF Clarence, that kings second |
son. Between the usurper Richard I'LL and the
crown stood not only the two sons OF Edward
w.. namely. Edward V. and tho Duke
If York, and their sister the Princess Elizabeth
out also, the Earl OF Warwick, son of the Duke OF
Clarence. and the latter's daughter Margaret
who, by her marriage TO Sir Richard Pole became
he mother of Henry. Lord Montague, and Sir
Reginald Pole, ultimately Cardinal and
Bishop OF Canterbury. Not only the Earl of War
wick, and all the descendants of the Duke of Clar-
Ince but all the descendants Of John de la Pole by
the daughter OF Richard Duke of York.
lad a better claim than Henry VII, whose tide
vas parliamentary one, except SO far as Il was
strengthened by marriage with Elizabeth of York
laughter OF Edward ". We may also note the
act that while the title OF James to succeed Eliy
Ibeth rested on his descent from Margaret the
lder sister OF Henry VIII an act of Parliament |
'assed in l644 had authorized Henry VIII to pro-
de by will for the future occupancy OF the throne.
n case of the failure OF his own descendants In
accordance with this act he did by will leave the
rown in case OF such failure, to the descendants
II his younger sister Mary, leaving out those of
lis elder sister Margaret II will be remembered
hat Henry's sister Mary by her second marriage
o the Duke OF Suffolk, had one daughter Frances
'ho' by her marriage to Henry Grey, Marques Of
Dorset and subsequently, Duke Of Suffolk, had
hree daughters namely. Jane Groy, Catherine
Trey and Mary Grey. Edward VI by will left the
'roWn To Lady Jane Grey instead Of TO either NJ
Is sisters, Mary and Elizabeth Catherine
Trey was thrown into prison by Elizabeth
or committing the offence of marry.
NC without tho Queens leave According
o The law passed In 1874. and never
epealed, the heir to tho Crown on the death of
elizabeth was William Seymour who, beInr the
on Of Lady Catherine Grey. by the Earl OF HeIt-
ord, Inherited the claims Of the Suffolk line
here were, however, some doubts current about
lis Legitimacy as though his parents had been
married in due form. the ceremony had taEep
lace In private, and il was believed by many Ch,t
had never taken place at all Il was thu con Of
his William Seymour who In the raiKn Of jane
married AEabella Stuart who was hurseb a
l.im"n' to the EnEliHh crown by descent through
brother Of Lord Darnley from Margaret ed.r
lister OF Henry VIII The title Of william M
nd Mary, Of Anne and Of tho English soyereirns
elongng To tho House OF Hanover is, OF eopIss
urely Parliamentary. So far as the law of primo,
eniture goes, the right to the English Crown i.
ested not In Queen Victoria, who descends ,,,r, |
Elizabeth. the Electress PalAtins. daughter Of
amos l.. bat in the descendants Of Henrietta
'uehoHs f orlsAnA daughter Of Charles 1. rsnrn.
enHo IN MIG hy Mazda TnRnsa. RAEiuA u