davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
STRIKE IN PROSPECT.
Telegraph Operators Are Said to He
Dissntisfied,


Dallas. Texas, July PAN extensive
strike of railway telegraphers is looked
for to take place in Texas on Tuesday
next. Trouble has existed on the Inter-
national and Great Northern lines for
some time over rates of pay for days
work and overtime. 1t is claimed by the
men that their pay was reduced 10 per
cent two years ago but the promise made
tor restoration as soon as times got
better. The reduction has not yet been
restored.
The linemen claim to have a grievance
as we'll as the operators, and ask for in
crease Of monthly pay and also more lib
eral allowances when out on repair work.
General Manager Leroy Trlee of the
International and Great Northern, it is
claimed, refuses to receive committee
from the order of Railway photographers,
who wish to present their grievances.
The men have finally called on w. v.
Powell OF Peoria. Ill.,, the grand chief
telegrapher Of the National organization,
to take the matter up. Mr.. Powell has
announced that he will arrive in Texas on
Tuesday next. The men declare that I'M
less their grievances are adjusted a strike
on the International and Great Northern
system will at once take place, and that
the strike may extend to other lines.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
RAILROAD PRESIDENTS CONFER.
The Pee Gee Freight Rate the SUBJ
iect of Their Deliberations.

The Pee Gee Freight Rate the Sub
iect of Their Deliberations.
The conference between the COMMITTEES
of presidents of Western roads and Re-
ceiver Fordyce of the Kansas City. Pitts
burg and Gulf, which was opened in New
York on Friday and continued yesterday,
was quite animated, but SO far as the pub
lie is concerned no official account Of the
proceedings or the result has yet been
given out.
An interested official. speaking upon the
subject, said:
The trouble is quite likely to end with
this conference. Inc Pee Gee people are
beaten but they will make as good show
ing as they can TO cover their retreat.
The Santa Fe people have already pulled
out of the muss, and the Mallory line is
about TO throw up the sponge. OF COURSE
Whatever the latter does will be done by
the Morgan line. The Pee Gee will then
have no necessary connection by water
with which to disturb the situation, and
rates will soon be put back TO their normal
basis"
Said another traffic official: UNLESS Re-
ceiver Fordyce abandons his claim for
differential for the gulf road he Will be
kept pretty busy for some time to come
making arrangements TO transfer into his
own cars all freight brought by connect
ing lines for points on his road, and trans
ferring from his cars to Others all freight
originating on his line and destined to
points off It, If the Gulf road persists in
its policy the other roads VIII repeat the
plan tried successfully several months ago
by the Rock Island and Santa Fe roads, of
dissolving all traffic relations with the
Gulf road -
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
Railroad Notes and Personals.

Mr.. F. c. Proctor. general railroad at
tori ely, is In the city from Victoria
Mr.. w. G Van Week, manager of the
Sunset, has returned from an official visit
to the west.
Mr. Charles Hubener, secretary to Man
ager Van Week OF the Sunset. has returned
from New orleans.
Mr. c. Bartel, claim agent of the Santa
Fee was in Houston yesterday from his
Galveston headquarters.
Mr.. ]. j. Ryan, superintendent OF mo-
tive power of the Sunset railway, went
west last night on official business.
Colonel j. Waddy Tate, the pushing gen
eral agent of the CT .cago Great Western,
is here from his Dallas headquarters.
Mr. A. A. Allen. vice president and gem
eral manager of the Missouri. Kansas and
Texas, arrived in st, Louis yesterday.
Mr.. H. W. Downey travelling freight
agent of the Houston East and West
Texas, is among the arrivals in st. Louis.
President j. T. Munson Of the Calves
ton, Houston and Northern railroad heod-
quarters in Houston. is visiting in Deni-
son.
Mr.. ]. n. Griswold, commercial agent Of
the Santa Fe, left his Houston headquar-
tiers yesterday on business visit to Nava-
sofa
Mr.. o. C. Gatln, commercial agent nj
the Missouri, Kansas and Texas. has re-
turned TO the city, accompanied by his
wife.
Mr.. H. A. Jones. general freight agent
of the Houston and Texas Central, re-
turned yesterday from visit to New
York
Mr.. William Doherty, assistant general
passenger agent of the Houston. East ana
West Texas is home from business visit
to Vicksburg
The International, the Santa Fe, the
Bay Shore and the Galveston, Houston and
Henderson, all run cheap excursions to and
from Galveston today.
Mr.. w. II. Taylor, general freight and
passenger agent of the Houston East ana
West Texas railroad, returned yesterday
from a visit to San Antonio.
Mr.. W f. Mcclure, general freight and
passenger agent OF the Galveston, Houston
and Henderson, with headquarters In the
Island City, was In St Louis yesterday
Mr.. Il. j. Martin, general freight and
passenger agent of the San Antonio and
Arkansas Pass railway, with headquarters
In the Alamo City, was yesterday In st.
Louis.
me santa ice VIII .uH TRAINS JEW
Houston and Galveston today at reduced
rates Isl for the round trip as follows;
Leaves Houston at q. M, e:15 a. M ana
1850 p. m. Returning. leaves Galveston
at SIS p. m, 1880 p M. and loilb p m
Colonel Leroy Trice. vice president ana
general superintendent OF the lnterna-
tional, accompanied by Mr.. Noble and
Others. returned yesterday evening from
his inspection trip over the Columbia Tap
and subsequently, left for his headquarters
In Palestine.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
HOUSTON DAILY POST: SUNDAY MORNING, JULY % 1890

against 500 that Calef will not only do
ai ! say for him, but much more" on
tne suggestion OF the parties present the
uisputanss finally agreed to lower the
uni, MT Courtney putting up Katy rail-
.oau ucket from Houston to st. Louis
against s25 wagered by Mr. Rose. The
question viii be decided at the Katy office
~ ~ O'Clock a. m. next Thursday. and II
~, ,, wizard is not then able to locate and
discover to the satisfaction OF four promi-
usnt gentlemen of the city a certain
rs,iroao ticket slowed away in the secret
recesses OF the building AT The time. his
manager Will have to put up s2s. OF
vourse the wizard will have to accomplish
'ae TASK olinefolded and in the presence
OF ,ne committee and Mr.. Courtney thinks
n ne mas "A dead sure thing in the result.
whstever way the thing goes, a good deal
saying that the Katy office will be crowd
ca on the occasion.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
RAILROAD CONSULTATIONS.
a Number of Lines Were Absorbed
During the Past Week

Number of Lines Were Absorbed
During the Past Week.
Turing the past week the output Of rail-
way consolidation and absorption an
nonncements has been usually large, in
Guiding the following. of truly impress
sive order:
absorption OF the Baltimore and Ohio
southwestern by the Baltimore and Ohio.
Consolidation of the New York Central
and Pennsylvania systems.
Consolidation Of the Pennsylvania and
Atchison. Topeka and Santa Fee
Completion of a Vanderbilt transcontl-
mental railway system by control OF the
Boston and Albany. New York Central,
west Shore, Michigan Central, Lake Shore,
Nickel Plate. Chicago and Northwestern,
pnion Pacific and Oregon Short Line (de-
nied.)
Combination of interests In the Balti-
more and Ohio, Chicago Terminal Trans
Ter Chicago and Alton, and Kansas City.
fittsburg and Gulf, with Union Pacific in
Guided, for another transcontinental route
Absorption OF the New York, New Ha-
ven and Hartford and several other New
England roads by the New York Central.
Consolidation of the st. Paul and Duluth
by the Chicago, Milwaukee and ST. Paul
(without the knowledge of the latter)
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
ALABAMA IRON AND COAL.
In Now In the Hand of New Jer'
sey Trust.

sey Trust.
Baltimore. July 21.-Mr. Richard H. Ed
monds has returned from New York. where
he assisted in the organization of the Ala
bama Consolidated Coal and Iron COM
pany. Speaking OF the new enterprise, Mr..
Edmonds said: The company was organ
lied today under the New Jersey charter.
The capital is 100000. of which $780,
900 is cumulative per cent preferred
stock and 600 common stock. The
directors will be John L. Searles, 4. $.
Hewitt, T. j. Rush, II, ]. Williams, ]. w.
Mlddendorf, r. ii. Edmonds J. Leyerlng,
F. NJ. Jackson and others. T. G Rush Will
be president and John E. Scarles vice
president. The company acquires the
Standard Coal company, the Mary Pratt
furnace property In Birmingham. the Gate
City properties adjacent TO Birmingham,
and the Gadsden furnace at Gadsden."
The total property includes 10000 acres
OF land and four furnaces, with combina-
ton OF ores and coking coal probably not
equalled by amy ore company in Alabama.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
A NOVEL BET.
the Katy Ticket Agent ana t"e
~Xyi<ard of Salem"

novel bet was wagered YESTERDAY
evening between Mr.. r. 3. Courtney CIV
ticket agent of the Missouri, Kansas anu
Texas. and Mr. Lew Rose. manager Oh
calef. the Wizard of Salem" caiei anu
his manager reached the city Yesterday
and soon after the latter made BUSINESS
call to the Katy office. During MS stay
and in the presence of number OF genfie-
men. he dilated upon the extraordinary
fea4s the wizard could perform and pre-
nounced him not only the peer but the su-
perior of the late Washington IRVING p'sh
CD. the worid-renowned mind reader. MI
Courtney heard him to the end ana 'nen
a.,,a axnress,on 10 his incredulity by re-
marking: II don't want 10 question you.
yeracity. sir. but I'll bet you that you
wont wager this wizard viii DO hall wnat
Won saw he can" Tothe surprise OF every.
hodv present, Mr. Rose produced Z int
roll Of bills and turned the laugh on NJ.
Courtney BY telling him. There's szoo ~
this bunch, and I'll bet you the whole p'is
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23

assay office recently. In discussing the
output OF gold from the Klondike country,
Mr.. Roberts said: I'VE have already re-
ceived 81 600, 900 In gold from the klon-
dixie this calendar year That is as much
as last years entire receipts from that re-
gion amounted to. and from Information
received from leading buyers OF bullion,
believe that this years total yield VIII
reach SIS 600, 900 or $50 000,0 900, This gold
goes first to San Francisco or Seattle. VI
that which is sent to San Francisco large
amount goes to private rehneries first and
then TO the mint. There has been steady
movement OF such gold in this direction,
and most of this years yield Will reach
this city. unless expanding business EN-
poys it on the coast II is safe to say
that large part OF the Klondike yield WILL
reach New York.
I'VE shall have all the gold we need In
these parts this year, and in addition to
that we shall no doubt be able to supply
the metal to any one else who desires to
purchase It,"
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
COLUMBIA AGAIN TESTED.
Hnd No Trouble fn Resting the De
f~ndes.

Newport. r. l.. July 22.--The Columbia and
Defender had friendly brush Tor a couple
OF hours this afternoon. beating of from
Brenton's reef lisht for four miles In a
very light and baffling air. and then running
back again under a grand breeze from the
southeast which sent them along at p ten
knot gait. The Defender had more sail on
than The Columbia and the latter towed q
small boat yet the aspirant for championship
Donors had no difficulty In reaching the light-
shlp nrst In tho run by short-eighth Of q
mile and showed herself 10 be an able boat
on a wide reach In n stin breeze.
Tho Newport Racing association To-Day an
bounced that the next race for the Dix boats
Would take place Saturday, July 20.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23

Remember that cholera morbus. cholera in
fantum summer complaint, bilious collie. diar-
rhoea and dysentery are each and all catarrh
OF the bowels. Catarrh Is the only correct
name for these affections Pe-ru-na is an ABB
solute specific for these ailments which are
so common in summer. Dr. Hartman, In n
practice of over forty years, never lost
single case OF cholera intantum dysentery.
diarrhoea. or cholera morbus, and his only
remedy was Pc-ru-na. Those desiring further
particulars should send for free copy Of
Summer Catarrh." Address DR.. Hartman.
Columbus. Ohio.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
Excursions to Mexico.

The railroads are making arrangements
to enable excursionists to enjoy the ma
tional holiday season in Mexico, Septem-
Der to -, and yesterday the passenger
departments of the Southern Pacific, the
Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio
and the Texas and New Orleans railroads
issued the following circular to its agents
and connections:
For the above occasion round trip tickets
may be sold from San Antonio to Mexico
City at rate of SIS. with final limit thirty
days from date of sale.
Round trip tickets may also be sold to
Monterey, Mexico, at rate of $500 from
San Antonio, limited to ten days from date
of sale Selling dates September TO u.
inclusive.
Agents east of San Antonio and connect
ing lines may sell round trip tickets 20
Monterey and Mexico City at rate of one
fare from selling station up to San Anto-
MO plus the rate quoted above from San
Antonio.
Connecting lines are rendered these
rates and conditions for sale OF through
tickets.
Through sleeping car service without
change is operated between San Antonio
and Mexico City, via Torreon, daily A
sleeper is run from Cuidad Porfrio Diaz,
Mexico to Monterey without change. and
passengers for Monterey are afforded asy
transfer.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
Railroad Imnroycmcnts.

The Galveston, Houston and Northern
railroad (Bay Shore Line) is building a
Y between Fifty-frst street and Twenty
third street. on Avenue Il. Galveston.
Commencing August s, It will handle all
its own freight business in Galveston. and
its freight depot will be on the corner of
Avenue L aud Thirtieth street. Mr.. E.
X. Nichols, general agent of the company
will have charge of all the company's
business in that city.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
MAY FORFEIT CHARTER.
Inc Removal Of the Pee Gees General Of.
ices Causes Stir.
Mr.. MAyFlELD TALKS FROM THE SHOULDER
He Hints that the Railway Commits.
sion WIN Fight Receivers For
dyce nnl wither. to a Finish.

In Houston railroad circles the greatest
interest is taken in the result of the con-
troVersy brought about by the removal of
the Pee Gees general freight offices from
Texarkana to Kansas City. What the up-
shot Of the fight will be remains to he
seen, but in the meantime railroad men
generally await with no small concern
the next move of the commission and the
attorney general.
Texarkana. Texas. July 22.-H. @. As.
kew. auditor, and Allison Mayfeld, COM
missioner, both of the Texas railway COM
mission, visited Texarkana today and in
tervlewed The heads of the offices OF the
Texarkana and Fort Smith railway, which
have been abolished
Commissioners Mayheld stated that the
Texas railway commission would fight
Messrs. Fordyce and Withers, receivers,
and either the general offices would re-
main in Texas or the charter of the Kan
sas City, Pittsburg and Gulf railroad in
Texas would be forfeited. The receivers OF
the Kansas City. Pittsburg and Gulf have
decided on the removal OF the general Of
fees to Kansas City on August l. they
are appointees of the Federal court and
claim that they are not within the juris-
diction of the State courts of Texas. The
Texas law requires that the general offices
OF all Texas roads must be kept in the
State, and the Texarkana and Fort Smith
road is Texas corporation and very
important part of the Pee Gee system.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
More Complaints from Johber..

Austin. Texas. July 22.-The railroad
ton to the effect that representatives of
st. Louis jobbers are taking orders in
North Texas for cotton bagging al Is
points less than local jobbers can sell at,
but has as yet taken no action in the mat
ter of putting IN an emergency rate on
banging 10 apply between Texas points.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
Another Railroad Incorporated.

The Little Rock and Hot Springs Rail-
road company has filed with the secretary
of state at Little Rock certificate OF or
ganization. The directors are S. w For
dyce. president; John G. Lonsdale OF Hot
Springs. vice president; w. s. Mitchell OF
Little Rock, secretary; S. W. Fordyce.
Jr. of st, Louis, treasurer, and II. c.
Haarstick of st. Louis. The company will
complete the Lott road from Little Rock
to Hot Springs. via Benton. thus giving
the Chootaw and Memphis an independent
line into Hot Springs.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23

caster. J. NJ Coulter. G. J. whigh,sman
and j. X. Berry are the incorporators.
I he estimated length OF the road is 800
miles, and II is TO be run through the
counties OF Chautauqua and Cowley. in
Kansas. the Usage reservation, the coun-
ties OF Payne. Pawnee, Logan, Kingfisher
and Canadian OF Oklahoma Territory: the
Kiowa and Comanohe reservations and the
county of Wilbarger. In the State OF Texas.
The capital stock is 81. ooo. 600, divided into
SOC, Coo shares at $40 each,
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
Excursion to Houston and Galveston

The Houston and Texas Central railroad
will run a special excursion to Houston
and Galveston next Sunday, the schedule
time and rates being as follows to Hous-
ton:
Austin, 1855 a. M, s2.25; Manor. 427 a.
M, 49, %; Elgin, 4;53 a. m, 1925, McDade,
SIS a. M, So; Paige, $40 a. m. 81; Gid
dings, 6:05 a. m, $1.75; Ledbetter. 622 a.
M. $3.50. Carmine, 6:37 a. M, $l.25; Bur-
ton. ESQ a. M, sl.25; Brennan, 1920 a. M,
sl.25; Chappell Hill, 7:40 a. m. s125;
Hampstead, sos a. m. 81; Calvert, $50
"a. m. $685. Hearne, 5;35 a M, 81; SUIT
ton. 5 :46 a. M. So; Benchley, 6:02 a. M.
So; Bryan, G:20 a. m. s1.75; College, $50
a. M. sl.75: Wellborn. GAS a. M. $3.50;
Millican, 1908 a. M. $3.50; Navasota, 7:24
a. M. sl.25; Courtney. 742 a. M, Sl.2j.
Hampstead, sos a. m, 81; Waller. s'25 a.
NJ. 81; Hockey, s:35 a n, 81; Cypress.
SIS a. M. 81; Fairbanks. 9:25 a. m:
Houston, $3.50 a. IN. arriving at Galveston
at noon.
Tickets to the latter city will be rs
cents from each station more thnn the rate
To Houston which is given above. Tickets
are good 20 return from Galveston on The
7:a0 D. m. train. July 80, or the Z a. IN.
train. July 81, and from Houston tickets
are good to return UP to and Including the
8 a. m. train, July 81
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
southwestern Frciuht Meeting.

The Southwestern freight COMMITTEES
will, on the Goth instant, hold an impor-
tant meeting at Eureka Springs, Ark, at
which several matters OF interest to the
roads as well as the general public win
be acted on. Mr.. w. II. Taylor, general
freight and passenger agent OF the Hous,
ton East and West Texas railroad, leaves
here today via Dallas to attend the con-
ference.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
Tro,nn,n,tcr Annoint,d.

Mr.. Day Mills. chief train dispatcher
of the Cotton Belt Arkansas and Mis-
souri, division, Pine Bluff, has been APP
pointed trainmaster for that division. sue
ceeding Mr., F. s. Rawlings, who has been
appointed superintendent. These promo
lions take effect August l.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
only a Rumor.

The report that NJ. e. ingalls, had retired
from the presidency OF the Chesapeake and
Ohio and Big Four railroads TO become
general arbitrator OF the Pennsylvania
and the Vanderbilt and Morgan interests.
al a salary Of $4,000 year. is denied. and
consequently the talk that A. L. Mohler
b.d succeeded him is without foundation.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
The Knysee Equipment PURCHASE.

between the American Car and Foundry
company of st. Louis and the Gulf. Beau
mont and Kansas City Railroad company,
whereby the latter agrees to purchase from
the former the equipment of the Galveston,
La Porte and Houston, recently sold under
an order of the Federal court, was filed
with the secretary of state today.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
A FAVORABLE COMPARISON.
General Financial and Industrial
Imuroyement of the Railroads.

Evidence Of the vast Improvement IN
general financial and industrial conditions
which has taken place within year is
obtained by a comparison made by the
Railway Age of railway stock quotations
then and now. Thirty-one leading stocks
show the following selling prices last week
and year ago, emitting fractions
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
r,xn Lincs Hold on.

The Southern Pacific and the Mallory
linz have not yet Joined the Southwestern
weighing apd inspection bureau The iirat
sa,,iar meeting OF the Southwestern
tra;sht committee will be held at Eureka
springs next Wednesday
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-07-23
GOVERNOR OF TEXAS.
TED GRAVE OF HON. GEO.
TYLER WOOD
|Jacinto Couuty-NothInE to
lie Where the Soldier and
Is Buried.

|unlcation to the Walker County
IA Point Blanc, Texas, gives the
Interesting note in regard to the
lone OF the early governors OF
: town Of Point Blanc, in a neg
graveyard that is never now
Igraye with not a slab or even Il
)how the place where is buried
and statesman, Hon. George
ID, the third governor of Texas.
born In Georgia and came to
Fhe early days, and was living
now the town of Point Blanc,
When the annexation of Texas
and when the war broke out
)e United States and Mexico, he
Second Texas cavalry and joined
pylor's army at Matamoros, on
rande, and participated in all
battles Of that victorious and
nmander.
war was over and peace was
and the soil OF Texas was
to be trodden upon by a Mex
force, he returned to his home
now the town Of Point Blanc
!ected governor OF Texas. It
appointed men from this por-
as on the commission that had
OF the State penitentiary aud
Yea al Huntsville. He was the
o. our old friend, David $.
I, Tue father of our justice, D.
W., and who still lives near
70 tae same graveyard and UNI
nis old mother and his wife.
''oo. Certainly, republics are
Point Blanc, at what Is known
Mount Zion graveyard, another
s character is buried, Captain
all wheeler, who commanded
OF Colonel George T. Wood S
As regiment above menti ned.
was born near LincolA esss B.,
70 lexas IN the '3Os and first
10 augustine town, in the same
.nn Athens of Texas, and
Tug merchant there in those
, sas living in San Augustine
''.a MS company and went TO
war under Colonel George T.
y y a ,is occasion, just before
wheeler died (some seven
y examine the roster of his
ana among other names who
zane famous, noticed the
: < scufry, who was only n
ae company was raised, but
y ,as regiment was organized,
the ranks, He after
ia ss'ai n the Confederate army
i ~ AZ Jenkins Ferry, Ark. on
s AIT; leading a Texas brigade,
n VISION, ns In 1854. Among the
= was leading from near the
[omr,s uinaratt. ST.. the steps IN
noer' Colonel George T.
4 ' iN., American army has all
ss,y as'nelble when men who
ants leaders can be taken
Dor o ssa even placed above
en-, oiheers. Even General
ones ! the United States
Is sse private soldier and was
hying officer OF that sar,o,,o
Ia a. this writer now knows
ana AppIlnerson, who Commanded
Th,,w VINO lives in LIVINGSTON,
bra = was Captain (afterward
ID fror, woods old company.
In I'M among the men who
rrln ns territory embraced In
|heslaaI.' and Walker counties'
|ats ,h having recently died. f.
lee br asn his old commander.
ItIns 'o u monument to marx
bis pace Sa, The date of his
and s sS, with age. as we'll
such ~ !. The battles he par
hurubuscIo maaa t Buena
flowers are placed around
Per liv s no higher or nobler
MarnstSs.d, n IN, any country than