davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1899-11-02
PEACE PROPOSALS MADE.
Mohammedans of Aindanao Wan,
Peace With the United states.


Peace With the United states.
Washington. Nov. o.-Maii adyices to
he war department indicate important
negotiations in the Mohammedan sec
ton of the archipelaro outside of the
much discussed territory of Sulu.
Through the efforts of Mr.. X. Engel-
skion a gentleman of Norwegian birth,
who ENJOYS the confidence of the Ia
gallo chiefs in Mindanao. overtures of
neaca have ben made 10 Cen. OTIS at
Manila Mirdanao is almost equal in
area 10 I.uzon. being ore of the two
great islands of the Philippines. The
iNlohamrnedans there number 10000.
and Spain has maintained little more
than nominal sovereignty. Thirty of
These chiefs held conference with Mr..
T,nee1skion ait Zamboanga and drew up
a form of treaty proposing terms of
paace They have suffered greatly from
the nroads of the Moros and offer TO
submit ia the authorize of the United
states on the sole condition that suffi-
isci4nt American garrIsons be estab-
! lis,,ad ia ina island 10 protect them.
These nroposals were submitted 10
! f.ap otis on me arrival of Mr.. E,ngels-
I siop but what action has been taken is
NOT VET known.
An ESCAPED SPANISH prisoner from the
/ i,spryant Hines norm of Manila has
arrived ~ Angeles and informs the
American representative that the in
s,,raents IRA running snort of Mauser
ar,o,,,pition and are unable to refill
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1899-11-02
Iowa at Washington.

Washington, NOV. The contract
for carrying the mail from Audubon to
Viola Center has been awarded TO c.. G.
Call.
Henry O. F,ldridge has been appointed
a letter carrier FOR the rural free deiiv-
cry service at Marshalltown, vice JUS
tin Il. crabtree. resigned.
Charles p. Bay, letter carrier at Mar
shalltown, has been promoted from $500
to $3.50.
John J. Daily has been appointed a
letter carrier at Burlington.
IOWA PENSIONS.
Supplemental-Ch Charles III. Colslegh,
Nevada, So. Increase-John Atchison.
Pennington. So to $40; Daniel w. Pay
den. Hoperville, Sc to IS; Ebin Backus.
Cedar Rapids, $12 to s14; John 0. Par
kerr Ottumwa, So to So; Samuel Trip.
Biddick, 80 to Sc. Reissue and increase
Joseph Yenger, Blakesburg, IS to $40.
Original widows, etc.-Lewis Everson.
! Little Sioux, s12.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1899-11-02
How about your furs

How about your fnrs?
Our fur manufacturing department
Will make any garment you desire, to
your measure, or Will repair or remodel
the garment you already have-charges
moderate.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1899-11-02
4NFIR w A r n
NO. q EAST MAIN STREET.

ESTABLISHED IN 1873
This lnhrnary has been established In
Mars town TOR twenty FOUR. years. where
hundreds of patents nave been treated
yearly and Who're every preparation is made
Tor the treatment OF the all diseases OF the
eye and ear alone. and all surgical opera
tions on these organs where necessary for
Entropian,d nerowtng lashesl. Pteryeium re-
moved and artficiai eyes inserted without
pain In cases 81 granulaJed lids and sore
and inflaned eyes. As well rs ulcerated. pu-
rulent or gonorhea opthalmia. the treat
ment is superior to any ether pr;tcticetl,
from the fact that Is does not inju the
eyes in any case. Rluesioie and nitrate of
silver are generally used in such cases.
sometimes causing permanent blindness.
This intslrmany has treated over 1850
patients In tine past twenty four years IN
this city, reference OF which can ne had by
addressing the above or for other references
correspond Nth the business men of Mar
shal1tawn or Marshall eonnsy.
DR.. Wilson is a graduate IN his profession
from the Chicago optDaimic College. Also
took course at the chicago GiBisal school
ard Hospital in 1881 and The Illinois Eve and
Eur inirrnary Of that city.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1899-11-02

How about the little folks2
We have received an immense guam
tity of Children's Jackets. Coats. Reef
ers and Gretchens, in all colors and
styles Send age of child, together
with color desired and price limit.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26
ADMIRAL seHLEYs sTATEMINT:

ADMIRAL SCHLEYS STATEMENT
In reply to the recent attack made
upon him by Secretary Long, Admiral
schley made A statement that was re-.
markable Tor its courage aud dignity,
. statement that was characteristic Of
the man. An men have their faults.
and Admiral schley's greatest fault
seems to be his modesty. He has made
no effort whatever to magnify his
splendid victory over Cevera's fleet
At Santiago, contenting himself by
merely explaining his conduct during
the campaign. Ieis matter Of his
toly that the Brooklyn was made the
target Of the spanish gunners, which
clearly demonstrates that the span
iards we'll knew that this ship was
commanded by the man who was di-
recting the Eight agaist them. To have
put this Brooklyn out OF action would
have increased their chances OF es-
cape II was for this that the nag
ship was made the chief target for the
heavy shells Of the Spanish ships. II
Admiral Schley made any costly err
rrora during the Santiago campaign
they have never been recorded The
cowardiy attack made upon him BY
The Secretary Of tho Navy was un-
warranted II is plninly an effort to
rob the admiral Of the credit and glo
~ to which he is justly entitled. Adj
miral sohey has won the admiration
Of the world by his valor and ability,
and the record that he has made can
never be furnished, nor the love Or his
countrymen lessened by the calum-
Mons tongue OF the Secretary Of the
Navy.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26
SUNDAY THOUGHTS.
lyman An0ot

Prayer is not always asking for
things that we have seen; prayer Is
not always worshipping 1t is some-
times listening. II is talking with
Gqas il 10 talking to God. In strange
ways comes this message Of God to US /;
and il never comes think, until one
Is reyerent and humble for reverence
and humility are the two ears with
which we hear the voice Of God.
TO Christ, you will remember, Gods
message came through the devil. He
went out into the wilderness to study
the problem Of his life, and tempta-
ton after temptation was presented
to him He would undertake to make
stones into bread--he can be the
worlds civilizer. He would Hing
himself from the crest OF the city and
have all the people admire him. He
would comprise with the world, bow
down to it. and then he saw it was the
devil who was talking to him, and he
said "Get thee behind me Satan. for
the Lord thy God, and him only will !
serve"
Through temptation, Gods voice
sometimes comes to Us, through the
very reaction against proposition
that has been presented to US; but
sometimes 10 one way, sometimes in
another. sometimes by an event, some
times in silence, sometimes by an
evil suggestion, sometimes directly,
the voice Of God comes. And how
ever it may come, to pray Is to listen.
n at tSses you cannot find God, il II
Is to ya as devoted Christian once
said to me Il was with him. my
prayers 80 no higher than the ceiling"
II sometimes You listen and get no
answer, and you CRY out oh God, my
God; why hast thou forsaken me?
Remember that following after him
when you do not and him, longing
for him though he does not reveal
himself--that also is prayer; and the
very struggle toward the unknown
God is itself the way in which God
reveals himself to the blinded soul.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26
Dlsoovered Dy q woman.

Another great discovery has been made
and that, too, BY lady ia this country
: Disease fastened lie clutches upon her
and Tor seven years she withstood its Sc
yerest testsi but her vital organs were I'M
dermlned and death seemed imminent.
For three months she coughed inoessant-
iy anH could not sleep She finally dis
covered a Wa 70 recovery By purchasing
= bottle Of DR. Kings New Discovery for
Consumption, ana was 50 much relieved
on taking the first dose that she slept all
night and with tNo bottles has been abb
solutely cured. Her name her
Luiz. Thus writef
Of Shelby, n. q TTiafB
drug stores. Regular sizs sec
Every bottle guaza
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26
Very truly
speoial Notios.

Owing to blizzard delaying all
steamers, there VIII not be the usual
steamer from New York to Bruins
wick this week. Mallory Line freight
will leave New York via savannah
steamer Saturday goth inst. Regular
sa,lings resumed with Steamship
Colorado and Rio Grande March Sd.
II. II, Raymond, G. S.A.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26
General Repair shop.

Mr., A, +. Pharr now thoroughly
equipped in the way Of a general re-
pair shop for bicycles, guns, locks and
safe repairing and opening as spe-
cialty, He has all the machinery ne
cessary to do any sort OF job in that
line, and his skill and long experience
are sufficient guarantees Of the re-
Inability Of the work done. He carries
full line Of bicycles, gun shells and
sporting goods OF all sorts at his place
on Newcastle street. Give him
trial. Is
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26

As OLD AND WsLL-THIKp fsk
Mrs. Winaiow's Soothing sgrup M
been used for over Atty years - mil-
lions Of mothers for their children
while teething. with perfect success
It soothes the child softens tho gums,
allays All pain, cures wind collie, and
4 the best remedy for piarrhma. Il
pleasant TO the taste. Sold By drug
gists in every part Of the world
Twenty-Five cents bottle. It's value
inealoulabIe. Be sure and ask for
Mrs Wiualowis Soothing Syrup, snd
take no other kind.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26
HEART DISEASE.
Some Facts Regarding the Rapid
Increase Of Heart Troubles.
DO NOT BE ALARMED, BUT LOOK FOR
THE CAUSE,

Heart troubles, at least among the
Americans, are certainly increasing
and while this may be largely due to
the excitement and worry Of Ameri-
can business life, it Is more often the
result Of weak stomachs. Of poor d.
gestion.
Real organic disease is incurabIe;
but not one case in hundred Of heart
trouble is organic.
The close relation between heart
trouble and poor digestion ia because
both organs are controlled by the same
great nerves, the Sympathetic and
Pneumogastric.
In another way also the heart is
effected BIZ the form Of poor digestion,
which causes gas and fermentation
from half digested food. There il q
feeling Of oppression and hesyiness in
the chest caused b pressure Of the
disteuded aeart and
-
hence arises palpi'ation aud short
breath
Poor digestion also poisons the
blood, making it thin and wstery,
which irritates and weakens the
heart.
The most sensible treatment for
heart trouble is to improve the diges-
tion and to insure The ps0mpt assimi-
lation of food,
This can be done BY the regular nee
after meals Of some safe, pleasant and
effective digestive preparations lihe
stuarps Dyspepsia Tablets which
may be found at most drug stores and
which contain valuable, harmless az
sestive elements ina pleasant. con-
venient form.
Il is safe to say that the regular per-
sisteut use Of stuarcs Dyspepsia Tab
let's at meal time win cure any form
Of stomach trouble except cancer Of
the stomach. -.
Full sized package Of these tai
sold by druggists at go cents,
book on stomach troubles mailed
Address F. A, stuart. 60, NJ
Mich.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26
THE HUMANE SOCIETY,"

To The Editor Of The Times:
Kindly publish in your columns the
following letter which was received by
me on Friday last, accompanying a
box 10 which was beautiful dead
pigeon, its breast laoerated by a
small bullet wound:
Brunswick, Ga, Feb "A, 1899
Mrs. J. q duBignon,
President Humane Society,
Brunswick, Ga.
Dear Madam
The beautiful ana innocent bird
which the writer sends you was
wansonly shot by sons party unac-
qualnted with the divinse sense OF
sympathy ana comparison. The de-
stroyer did not need its aesh for food,
as it was found lying in the yard
which had been its hsppy home, and
occupying the position you do, the
writer hopes you will enter protest
against such orueland aimless sport,
Very respectfully,
BuppHEA.
While sympathizing with the writer
and deploring the wanton destruction
Of all domestic and other birds, re-
greet that the form OF complaint rem
ders it impossible to take action in the
matter.
All persons who wish to report cases
of cruelty or destruction Of life, must
give their names, aud be able to sup
ply one or more witnesses, otherwise
the society is powerless TO interfere.
There is an ordinance Of the city Of
g runswicb.
Section apart of which reads
'thatit shall be unlawful for any per-
son to shoot, or otherwise MAIN or de .
stroy any ses gull or other harmless
water fowl, not customarily used for
human food, or to to cause any do
nestle bird or fowl unnecessary suf-
ferng by depriving the same of nee e
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26

CO.. While communication upon
topics Of current interest are always
acceptable, correspondents should re-
member that brevity ia equally 90, and
that all communication should be
sent in before ,. m.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26


One Of the Plant steamships IS ap
pointed to sail from Port lamps Tues
day, March l4th, at O'Clock p. M,
for Havans, San Juan, Ponce. Port
Antonio, Santiago, thence direct to
Port Tampa. Trip will allow three
hours at Havana, forty hours at San
Juan, eleven hours at Ponce, fifty-two
hours at Port Antonio and thirty
seven hours at Santiago. Trip will
consume about l6 days. Rate for en-
tire trip, including meals and birth on
board ship. $3.50, Expense weere pas
sengers leave snip at anchorage to be
paid by passengers, and such expenses
are not included in the $50.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26

Correspondence 90 i've ana clean suggests ID
soiieited. Address ali COMMUNICATIONS W 1uK
noRNiNa QiMes, Bfnnswjck, Ga
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26

clothes or sewing for others to patch out
meagre income. Women who are too
much on their feet, or who are unable to
stand the strain of over-work and worry,
are peculiarly susceptible to the weak
nesses and irregularities that are the bane
Of womankind. The symptoms Of such
arrangements are insufficient or excessive
menstruation, headache, backache, ueu-
ralgia, leueorrhea, displacements aud ex-
trene nervousness amounting in many
cases 10 hysteria. The use of morphine is
dangerous and examinations by male ply
sicians are painful and unpleasant.
Bradfeld's Fem4le Regulator, the
standard remedy for quarter of cen
fury, will speedily and permanently cor
rect the worst disorders Of women. Brad
fields Regulator Is sold by druggists at
one dollar bottle. Interesting and valu-
able books for women mailed free on
application.
ESa HRasFlsGs sGavLATaB es~ AsIAala, a
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26

achoohzht.
Schooner Br Bessie Parker, Carter. ST.
= Schooner. Edith and May, Kelly. n. VI,
aieesser Dora Mathews Brown. Havana
George 4, Dixon. Anderson.
bel j Sheppard Carter. n. u.
beeca N. Walla. Little. Sa.
en-
Sehooner john y ring, Woodland.
Baltic Hirseh & Co
Schooner Maiisaa A. Willie Coombs,
barbados, Gregertsen.
schooner Lucy H. Russell, Bishop, Ha-
vana, Brodhead 4 Go.
Sch Frank W. Howe, Moody Boston.
hilton 4 Dodge Lumber Co.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26
Official Organ Of the County Of Glynn
Official Organ Ordinary Of GIynn.
Official Organ United States Court;
Referee In Bankruptcy.

Advertising rates win be furnished on Jap
plication.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26
TO SUBSCRIBERS !.

suhscrihcra arc requested to notify tho Office
when they fail 70 get any issue Of THE TrMna.
Attention to this matter viii be appreciated BY
the management.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26

ordera to discontinue subscriptions and ad-
vertlsementH must be in writing.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26

spanish brig Fe, AeIpin, Bermuda
Pine CO.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26
SHIPPING REPORT.
loFreeted DalIy by capt. &c Johannesen.

Corrected Daily by Capt. Otto Johannesen.
For survey charts, coast pilots, tide
tables and other publications Of the
United States coast and geodetic
surveys appiyto C. W. Deming
Port Of Brunswick, February "a. 1899
ARRIVED
Bark, Alice Reed, Ford, Santos via Bar
CLEARED
st. Irene, Eng Attree Liverpool
Churchill
SAILED
Steamship, Rio Grande, Staples, N. Y.
St. Jerome. Eng. Reid Boston,
Churchill
IN PoRq
STEAMSHIPS
aaHKs
Bark, Nor. Bonneur, Anderson, Mar
Bark Edna /. assbery, Winds, Cape
Town,
NOV Bark, Tana, Jensen, East London.
Downing Co.
spr Bark, TataiIa, Reig, Barcelona, B.
Padrosa
Spanish bark Conception, Ruicosantos,
b. Padrosa. "a
Spanish bark ngelita. Ruara. santos.
B, Padrosa.
spanish bark q apre, Ruara, fantos. B.
Torras.
Portuguese bArl& 0livera, santas. Rio
Jaueio. ri
Norwegian bark 1 Fgna, Andersen
Spanish brig Fe, AeIpin, Bermuda. s..
Pine GO.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26
a WAYCK0sS 8 MONTGOMERY

Direct connection made Waycross WITH Pullman s
s'n' secas esAr &C between Wayesg@ and Nentpons
~ ns - ana g make close connections with "a
from the north for Brunswick and Jokrs
b. bUNliAM.
General supt
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26

OFT Of Brunswick, February "a. 1888.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26

BE-. Bark. Alice Reed. Ford Santos via Bar
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1899-02-26

Steamship, Rio Grande, Staples, N. Y.
st. Jerome. Eng. Reid, Boston,
Churchill
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1899-07-28
STATE NEWS d T.
Items of General Interes
From Local Papers.


Portland, N. D.. is to have a
four-roomed school house.
In Trail county $500 acres of
wheat have been destroyed by hail.
Capt. G. E. Gregory has opened
a law Office at Dickinson, Stark
county.
DR.. Formaneck of Wahpeton, is
to be prosecuted for practicing
without a state license.
T. S. Lify, formerly secretary
of the Y. NJ. @. A., of Fargo, has
arrived in Seattle from the Klon-
dixie with 100000 in gold.
According to the Grand Forks
council, a man who has ten wheels
is a bicycle livery man, but a man
who has nine, is not, in any sense
Of the word.
Gov. Fanchor has received a
check for So 200 from the war de-
partment''i lin part payment of the
states expense in mobilizing the
volunteer troops.
Grand Forks will erect a monu-
ment to the honor of the North
Dakota soldier boys who either
died of disease or we're killed in
the Philippines.
Justice of the Peace Geary, of
Fargo, has held that the noxious
weed law is unconstitutional. The
case in question has been appealed
to the district court.
Grand Forks physicians declare
there are no smallpox cases in that
city, while the Minnesota state
board of health report seven cases
at East Grand Forks.
| Hail did great damage to crops
in Trail county last week. The
storm started in Ramsey county
and struck near Lakota, Mekinock,
lInkster, Reynolds and Hillsboro.
First Lieut.. M. A. Hildreth and
Second Lieut.. Fred b.. Smith have
resigned from the North Dakota
Volunteers to accept positions in
the Volunteer regiment being
raised at Manila.
| The roof on that portion of the
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1899-07-28

fee is one dollar for each bicycle
owned by a rider over Is years of
age, so cents for each bicycle
owned by a rider under Is, and
SO cents tor each bicycle owned
by a dealer who keeps 10 or more
bicycles for rent. The money
thus raised are to be turned into
a fund for the purchase and i'm
provement Of a park and the con-
struction Of bicycle paths about
the city. An association has been
formed and the law will be con-
tested.-Grand Forks Plaindealer.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1899-07-28
OFFICIAL PAPER OF THE COUNTY.
FRIDAY, JULY %, 1889.
1 r HIS POST.

The resignation Of Russell A.
Alger as secretary of war comes as
a very great surprise to that gen.
tleman's numerous friends. If
the ''yellow journals" are to be
relied upon, Secretary Alger has
been guilty of some great offense,
and yet not one Of these ire
sponsible sheets has furnished any
evidence to prove a single charge
against him. The fact is, Secre-
tary Alger has been driven from
Office by a villifying press that
seemed to have nothing else to do.
Back of the scandal-mongers were
a few rejected politicians and an
occasional would-be presidential
candidate who sought to weaken
William Mckinley before the
American people.
We had hoped that the presi-
dent would silence the unwar-
ranted attacks upon this important
member of his official family by
authorizing a public declaration of
confidence, but the pressure seems
to have been too great.
General Alger will survive the
blow. His record as secretary of
war will compare favorably with
that Of any Of his predecessors,
He was the head of a department
that has invariably been the target
for the merciless shafts of that
class of sensational writer's who
are at their best when the country
is in the midst of war. We believe
in the fullest liberty of the press,
but there ought to be a limit be-
yond which the journalist should
not be permitted to go, especially
when the nation is in travail.
The people of the United States
RI not given to extreme state
ments or impulsive action, as are
the French, but enough of such
shameful episodes as this would
put us abreast Of France with her
notorious Dreyfus case.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1899-07-28
PARTISAN ATTACKS.

There is one fact which the
country ought to keep constantly
in view in weighing these criti-
cisms Of Gen. Otis and the general
management of the campaign in
the Philippines. The melting
cause of many of these attacks is
partisan. They were started by
Democratic papers or by Demo
cratic politicians for effect in the
canvasses this year and in 1900.
MOI all the newspapers and the
correspondents that are criticising
the conduct Of affairs in the islands
are influenced by partisan reasons.
Some Of the critics are Republi-
cans, who are just as anxious as
the administration is to end the
war, with the least possible delay
and sacrifice. The greater part of
the accusations, however, have
been made by Democratic papers,
led off by the yellow press, and
are intended for political purposes.
Many of the fault-fnders care
nothing for the conditions in the
islands except as these furnish
them with an opportunity to assail
the American government. But
the situation promises to soon
improve. The new army is being
raised quicker than any one ex
pected. The military commander
in the Philippines will have be-
tween 10000 and $4,000 well
trained men under his direction a
the time for the reopening Of
operations in the fall, and il
Aguinaldo has not surrendered in
the meantime a campaign viii
begin which will speedily stamp
out the last vestige of resistance
to the American authority.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1899-07-28
An American Railroad in China

Moneyed men from the United
States have secured a franchise
for building a railroad from Hong
Kong to Han Kow, China, a dis
lance of nearly 700 miles. While
railroads are necessary to a nations
prosperity, health is still more
necessary. A sick man can't make
money if there are a thousand
railroads. One Of the reasons why
America is SO progressive is the
fact that in every. drug store is
sold Hostetter's Stomach Bitters
that celebrated tonic for the weak,
appetizer for the dyspeptic and
sedative for the nervous. It is
taken with great success by thou
sands Of men and women who are
run down., pale and weak. It in
creases the weight, and the gain is
permanent and substantial.