davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-09-20

store up the expensive fertilizer nitro
gen for the use of next years summer
crop. Planters may find it much
against their practice to use fertilizers
on anything but a money crop, but this
is very short sighted policy. In ma
nuring cover crop properly, rractl-
cally all the plant food applied is re-
turned in the form of manure; and, if
if q legume Ca clover of any sort, or
cow peas) is planted, not only will the
potash and phosphate be returned, but
also ample nitrogen Though none
may have been applied direcD for the
making of a cotton or corn crop. 1t
is important to note that clover or
cow pea cover crop requires only pot
ash and phosphate manuring; it sup
plies it's own nitrogen.
Bryan Tyson.
Long Leaf. n, G.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-09-20
For the Florida Agriculturist.
Winter Soil Cover Crops.

Winter Soil Cover Crops.
Keeping the soil covered in winter is
especially a southern problem. In the
North the climate by locking up the
soil through frost for several months,
not only prevents serious washing but
also guards against the washing
away Of soluble manures. Bare soil in
the South suffers continually through
the winter. The soil not only washes
badly and has it's soluble manure car
ried away and lost, but the finer parti-
cles of soil which are the results OF
cultivation are carried off, thus dam
aging the soil mechanically.
1t is an easy matter to get the soil
covered for the winter if the previous
crop doesn't interfere; unfortunately,
it does interfere in most cases. For
example, it is difficult to get a good
cover crop after cotton, as the land is
tramped over so much in picking. Cow
peas may be sOWn after the last work
ing when the cotton is laid by but they
die in winter and must be left Oh the
ground to accomplish any good as a
winter soil cover. Crimson clover is
also very good, planted much in the
same manner. Winter OATS or rye,
also cover and protect the SOIL In fact.
almost any broadcast crop which will
make fair growth before winter sets
in will answer. The idea is to fill the
soil with fibrOus roots to hold the soil
together.
One point planters commonly over
look, and that is the proper manuring
of the winter soil crops. They should
always follow a summer crop, and be
as heavy as the planter can make. 1t is
plain that under the conditions the
land has been well searched for avail
able plant food for the summer crop,
and the winter cover crop stands a
strong chance of being starved out,
which is generally the case. Even if
the planter does add guanO for the
winter crop, he rarely uses the right
kind. Grass crops are very different
from grain or cotton in the point that
the former are heavy potash feeders.
Now, in the South phOsphates are COM
paratively cheap because the mineral
phOphate is found in that section;
seed meal is also cheap being home
product Neither of these contain any
potash to speak of and, as Southern
guanos are chiefly made Of acid phos-
phate and cottOnseed meal, southern
soils are apt to suffer from a shortage
of potash.
Excepting perhaps cow peas, plants
of the clover type are not easily sue
cessful in the South, no doubt on ac-
count of this common shortage of pot
ash, as all plants of this kind are
known as potash feeders. 1t is import
ant to grow such crops as covers, as
they not only protect the soil, but also
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-09-20

that YOU should cover your grove with
green crop to keep the roots cool ana
thus. in IL measure, prevent unSeasOn-
able growth, you can make simple
experiment. Sometime when the sun
is shining bright, and the surface soil
is dry take a dairy thermometer and
inst cover the bulb with the dry dirt
and leave it there for observation.
Put one also just under the surface
where the ground is covered with a
green crop and note the difference Of
the readings. One day in August last
while the sun was shining bright L
stepped of the piazza to examine
rose bud. The bush had been worked
a day or two before and the surface
sand was dly. In getting down to look
at the bud | put my hand on the sand
and found it so hot | withdrew it,
went in and got a dairy Thermometer
| to see how hot the sand. was. l put
the bulb on the surface and raked lit
tie dry sand over it. The mercury kept
climbing until it reached 16S, one hum
dred and sixty eight degrees, when it
was Withdra Wn for fear of bursting
the bcb as it only registel1l 10 de
grees. Talk about perpetual motion,
Keely motors and motive power, here
is a chance for some scientist to invent
way OF accommodating force. The
sand has something about it which
cOnserves and cumulates the heat Of
the sun, which a mere black
cloth does not have. l have frequently
put bit OF black cloth around ther-
mOmeter bulb to see how much more
it would register in the sun than in the
plain glass and the most that | ever
got was i35 degrees.
Try this experiment and you will be
converted TO the doctrine OF a green
covering to keep the soil cool, because
the green crop is constantly eXhalins
moisture and the moisture in eVapOra-
ting carries off heat
AS II HCWCOlICI L WCu1A ttoN AoN JON
not to depend ON the orange; the or
anee is a fair weather friend, profitable
when the seasons are prOpitiOus, dis
couraging when cold comes. Just like
fair weather friend who turns cold
shoulder when you are in trouble.
Keen a herd of cattle, a good Jersey
COW for the family; some swine,
cane, potato, rice, and tobacco patch;
in fact grow everything YOU need, and
make up your mind to lead tranquil
country life; then if seasons are favor
able and y.ur grove comes in and pro
duces a profitable crop you can go
SWAY back yander" and cut swell
with what you accidentally get out of
YOUR orange grove, otherwise you can
afford to stag ard be happy, enjoytlS
the burdens. of a Florida farmer. So,
don't hustle about your grove; just
give it the same attention you give
your other crops; don't set the alarm
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-09-20

The house of S. Y. WOOdard, in the
Wonders ncighborhoOd, at Panasoff-
kee, was struck by lightning few days
ago. Mr.. Woodard's son was sitting
at the organ playing. The lightning
struck and demolished it, and knocked
the stool from under him. 1t also
struck the bed and set the bedding on
fire. All of the occupants of the room
were stunned. Mr.. Woodward recOv-
cred from the shock in time to extin-
guish the fire, before it had made
much headway. There were several
very narrow escapes, the shoes of one
of the ladies were torn from her feet.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-09-20
For the Florida Agriculturist.
Orange Grove Questions Ans
. Long Leaf. N, G.


Orange Grove Questions Answered.
A reader of the Agricultlrist who is
a newcomer, asks the following ques-
tiOnS:
First. Would it do to SOW northern
oats OH orange groves for green crop,
or will l nave to get Florida grown
oats to get stand?
Second. DO you bank your trees, and
if so do you SOW anything on the
banks2
Third. How deep should cats or rye
be covered:
Fourth. DO you sow Immediately af-
ter turning under a green crop like
beggar weed?
Fifth. How much seed do you sow to
the acrer
ANSWER.
Oats do best on a moderate moist
soil. My experience is that on damp
soil the northern oats do as well as
Florida or Texas oats, while OH the or
binary sandy soil of Florida the Flor
ida, Geoi gia or Texas oats do the best
The same is true of rye.
Have your ground ready to take ad-
vantage OF favorable rains to SOW your
oats or rye. Harrow them in and roll
to firm the soil if possible. Flowing
in oats and rye is a wasteful process,
as many are buried so deep they never
reach the surface. 1t is best to turn
your green stuff under sometime ahead
to let it rot.
SOW oats and rye according to the
strength Of the land, whether it be u.s.
ed for pasture, fodder, or protection,
from one to two bushels Of oats to the
acre. and from half a bushel to a
bushel Of rye.
BY all means bank your orange trees
but see no reason to SOW the banks
as the roots are so much below that
the heat of the sun will not reach
them.
To prove to your own satisfaction
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1899-01-09
THREE-DAY TOUR TO WASHING


Few short Journeys are more interest
ing than journey to Washington, the
nations capital, the scene Of much of
vital Importance; and these trips have
reached their most practical and at
tractive form in the three-day personal
ly conducted tours of the Pennsylvania
railroad. Besides the advantages in
from care, and the general comfort and
convenience afforded, an extended ex-
perience and familiarity with the city
enables the tourist agents of this COM
pany to visit the various points of in
terest with the least confusion and
ments, thus insuring an economy of
time not otherwise attainable.
The next tour Of the season leaves
Thursday, January 49, The rate, $14.50
from New York, $11.50 from Philadel-
phia, and proportionate rates from 9TH
err points, includes all necessary expen-
ses during the entire trip-transporta-
ton, hotel accommodations, guides, etc.
An experienced chaperon will also ac-
company the party for the benefit of
the lady tourists. W.
For itineraries, tickets and full infor-
mat ton, apply to ticket agents; Tourist
a gent, 1896 Broadway, New York; 7S9
Broad street, Newark, N. j., or address
George w. Boyd, assistant general
passenger agent, Broad street station,
Philadelphia.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1899-01-09
OIL FUEL FOR NAVAL USE.
british Experiments with American O.

british Experiments with American VI
are Against it's Adoption.
The experiments of the nara! au-
thorities with oil fuel, with view tc
ascertaining it's suitability for use III
dest1 overs. tor pedo hoats, and other
small craft, have so far proved unsuc-
cessful.
The destroyer Surly was fitted up al
Portsmouth for the purpose Of the eX-
periments with Holdings patent appli-
ance for burning liquid fuel. This sys-
tenn has succeeded in railway locomo-
tiyes. and was judged the best one to
adopt. At first great difficulty was ex-
perienced in getting a suitable oil. All
those tested flashed at too low point to
enable them to be stored with safety.
Eventually a Russian mineral oil was
discovered that fulfilled all require
nents in so far as safe storage was
concerned. But as generator of steam
1t has not come up to expectation.
The oil is thick, slinv LIQUID, very
much resembling Stockholm tar. Get
ting it into the bunkers was an unpleas-
ant job, and getting it to run freely into
the furnaces presented several difficult
ties. These were surmounted by the in
PRODUCTION of pipes that gave straight
sIead" to the oil. When it was set
alight the heat from it proved too local.
1t was sufficiently fierce to fuse the
beds of friedrich upon which it was
sprayed, but could not be made to
maintain steam in the boilers.
After several different kinds Of beds
had been tried, little better result
was obtained and the Surly issued
forth on trial run. This proved a
failure. Steam sufficient to get the pro
per speed out of the beat could not be
maintained, and she put back to har-
Dor There she has since lain, pouring
dense volumes of inky black smoke
from her tunnels, while the engineers
and admiralty officials in her engine
room have been vainly wrestling with
the problem of how to make an unsat-
iTfactory material do satisfactory work.
AT last the task has been given up in
despair, and the Russian oil fuel with
ii. The Surly has now beon laid aside
until after Christmas, when expert
ments are to recommenCe with oil OBJ
tanned from Borneo.
Oil fuel has certain advantages over
coal for use in small vessels, if it could
be got to work satisfactorily. But up
to the present it cannot, and very little
hope is entertained by the experts en-
gagged on the work of testing it's capa-
bilities that sufficiently favorable re-
suits will be obtained from the expert
ments to Justify the admiralty in intro |
ducing oil fuel into our navy.-Londcn
Daily Mail.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1899-01-09
gra1re11ers' GmiIe.
New York, New Haven and
Hartford II. Il.
December 4, 1885.


FOR NEW YORK-+4:05. $3.50. xs.1o
x7.oo, $500. +S:1O $50, 1885, x1o. 20 =
M, "12:00, 1905, 1870 (parlor car limit
ed,. 'l:S5, 200. 1880. 800, $500. a4.17
4:ao, '5:lO, 5:S5, $50, +7:1O. 1910. ak
bridgeport accommodation. .9.1o
S:lo p. m. Sundays-'4:05, $3.50. $500 a
M, x4:3O, x6:15. +7:1O, $50, $3.50. *9:1o
p. m.
FOR WASHINGTON via Harlem
fslver-S1;O5, *11:5O p. m. daily
FOR BOSTON via Springfeld-*1. 10
xlo;lO, *ll:05 a. M, *1:45, $3.50 D. M
Sundays-*1:10 a. M, 1852 .. m.
FOR BOSTON via New London ana
Providence-*2:1O 1920 *11:S5 ,parlor
car limited) a. M, *12O5 .2:47. .4:1b.
100 "6:55 p. m. Sundays-"2:1O. 1920
a. m, *4:55. 1885 p. m.
FOR MERIDEN, HARTFo7D
epRlNGFIELD, etc.-*1:1o, GAO. 500
xio'lo, 'l1:05 a. NJ, 1906, s1:45. 3:13
s:oo. "5:52 (6:15 to Hartford) 500, 1900.
1i:l5 ito Meriden) p. m. Sundays
l.lp a. M. 1852, 1928 p. m.
NEW LONDON DIVISION
FOR New London, etc.-*2:1o. 1920.
l.oo, 1905 (Guilford acc.) 11:O5, .11:35
1parlor car limited) a. M, a12:O5, *2:47.
300, 4:15, 1855, SIS Ito saybrook
Junction., 6:15. *655, 11:2O (Guilford
acc.) p. M Sunday-*2:1O, 1920 a. M.
$3.50, $685. p, m.
AIR LINE DIVISION
For Middletown, Willimantic, ETC.
7:45 a. M. 1885, 1898, 6:05 .. m. Sum
days-x7:l5 p. m. Connecting at Mid
dletoWn with the Valley division and at
Ni'llmantlc with Midland and Central
DIVISIONS and c. V. r. r.: at Turner
vie with Colchester branch.
NORTHAMPTON DIVISION
For Shelburne Falls, Turner's Falls.
Williamsburg. Holyoke, New Hartford
ana intermediate stations-7:5O q. m.
and i:Oc p. IN. For Westfleld and inter.
mediate stations. 557 p. m.
for Pennington. New Hartford and
points this side-7:50 a. M, 1904, 400.
5:57 r. m.
BERKSHIRE DIVISION
For Derby Junction, Derby. Anson,a.
etc.-7:oO. 500, 935 a. m, 1900, 2;S9.
s;b7, b:S5, 7:50. 1920 p. m. Sundays,
CIV a. m. and $3.50 p m.
For Waterbury-7:O0 500, 9:s5 a. M,
lS:Oc 2;SS. 5:35. 1850. 1920 .. M Sum
Gays $50 a. M. 6:15 p. M (via Nauga-
tick .Iunction).
For Winsted-7:oo 9:35 a. M, 2:3s.
e:35 p M Sundays-S:10 a. m.
For Shelton. Botsford, Newtown,
Danbury, Pittsfleld. State line-9:35 a.
M. S:57 p. m.
FOR Albany. Buffalo, Detroit. Cincin.
natl' ST. Louis, Chicago and the West
', wa Bridgeport-6:10 a. M: via State
hne--9:35 a, M. 1857 p. m.
For Litchfie!d and points on Lltch-
lieiu pranch, 6:1O (via Bridgeport) a.
Hi'' 500 (via Derby Junc.) p. m.
sExpiess HrAinas abOCsl lGxpreaDs
G.. T. HEMPSTEAD
General Passenger Agent.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1899-01-09
subject. SWeeping

subject. Sweeping assertions were
made in some papers that no radical
/ change was necessary or desirable, ana
in some quarters it was declared that
the orgasic law ought to be brought up
to date. But no one undertook to
demonstrate the perfection Of the in
strument; and, on the other hand, there
was absolutely no effort to show In
what particular it needed revision. AS
matter of fact there is ground for the
suspicion that the proposition to revise
emanated from certain corporations
DESTROYS of eliminating features dis
pleasing to them; therefore, we may
assume that a large part of the 42556
who voted, for convention unwittingly
gave their support to a movement
which they would have deprecated had
they known the truth.
The fact that one of the amendments
which adjust the matter of the sue
cession of the Governorship, was
carried may be cited by some enthu
siastic admrer of the referendum to
show that the people vote right. But
when attention is called to the $1,000
votes cast against a proposition so
obviously meritorious it must be admit
ted that there is a screw loose some
where. And consideration of the
vagaries of the vote on the other
amendments confirms this view. One
of these was designed to correct a de-
feet in the new charter of San Fran
cisco, but it was beaten by l4,oo5 votes
chiefly because the interior editor
pointed out that it only concerned this
city. The intimation that the people
of San Francisco needed such an
amendment to make their charter work
was enough to give it a black eye.
On the whole, therefore, we have a
right to conclude that the referendum
does no work well in practice; no better
in fact, than if lots were drawn to
decide whether the amendments de-
served to be adopted or rejected. One
plan would act as well as the other
San Francisco Chronicle.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1899-01-09

BEAUTIES OF REFERENDUM M.
A California Observer Concludes That
IT Does Not Work Well.

A California Observer Concludes That
1t Does Not Work Well.
Those who during the recent cam
paign contended that the referendum
Is working well in practice in this
state, and who rested their contention
on the exhibit made by the vote for
constitutional amendments at various
preceding elections, will hardly point
with pride to the results of the con-
test of November s. The total number
of votes cast for candidates for office
on that date was 27S,380 persons; while
the most important proposition, that
which had for it's object the determine
ton Of the question whether a conven-
ton should be called to revise the con
sttutonal, was only passed upon by
1868 voters.
To assume that a sytem which fails
to secure an expression of opinion from
170,S26 out of total Of 27S,3S voters
works well in practice is absurd. The
failure of so large proposition of those
who had right to assist in the deci-
sion of this important question to
exercise their privilege is a confession
VI llCOll1ptlcICy anu lildllLClC uSt
how many years were incompetent and
how many We're careless nobody can
tell, but no reasonable person will deny
that by far the greater part of 170,S26
who refused to express an opinion
whether a convention should be called
did so because they honestly believed
they were incapable of assisting in the
decision of a matter which involved the
expenditure of a considerable sum of
money and the revamping of an organic
law which had been laboriously licked
into shape by the courts.
When we turn our attention to the
107,563 who left enough confidence in
themselves to exercise their Constitu-
tional right to voting upon a proposition
submitted to them at the polls we may
justly ask what proportion of them had
enough knowledge of the needs of the |
State to decide whether or not a change |
in the Constitution is desirable. There
was absolutely no discussion of the
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1899-01-09
Kennedy of Naugatuck, Chittenden Of
East River, and P. II. Skidmore, Jr.,
of Bridgeport, all have previously serV-
ed in the senate or in the house

Kennedy of Naugatuck, Chittenden OF
East River, and p. II. Skidmore Jr.,
of Bridgeport, all have previously serV-
ed in the senate or in the house.
Twenty eight republicans and four
democrats are on the list from Fairfield
county. -Four single and tWenty-elght
married men make up the list. Here
there is especial variety in occupation,
to wit: Eleven farmers, two physi-
cians three lawyers, two manuiactur-
ers, two merchants, two mechanics, ana
one each, halter, clerk, salesman ana
banker, insurance agent, nurseryman'
creamery proprietor carpenter, one re-
tired and one not given. OSBORN OF
Norwalk, aged thirty-two, is the young
est member, while Keoler of Ridge
bury seventy three, is the Oldest. Eng
land is the only foreign nation repre-
scented in the roster Members of pre-
yious houses are: Mead of Greenwich,
'95 and 81; Perry Of Shelton, 70; Mich
OILS of Monroe; '97; Knapp of New FAIR
field, 49, Pickett of Gaylordsville, 81;
KeneaIy of Stamford, 81; Hall Of STRAIT
ford, S9, and Fanton of Westport 81
In Litchfield county there are twenty
republicans and twentyone democrats,
Thirty-six are married and five are
single. There are three clerks, two
bankers, five merchants, thirteen farm
ers two physicians, two manufactur-
ers and one each lawyer, real estate
agent, farmer and merchant, town
clerk, druggist, matchmaker contrac-
tor, carpenter, liveryman, butcher, live
stock dealer, mill overseer, bookkeeper,
and one retired. Woodruff of Litchfield,
who is thirty, and Cowles of Wood
bury who is sixty-nine, represent the
two extremes of age. Members of form
err houses are Case of Barkhamsted, '13;
Thomson of Bethlehem, So; Vining of
Mill Brook 81; Page of Morris, 'S5;
Austin of Plymouth, '91; Whitney of
Sharon, 80 and 81 st. John of Sharon,
'S9; Stoughton of Thomaston, '73; and
Forestelle of Warren, 49,
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1899-01-09
STARlN'S
New Haven Transportation Co.

DAILY EACEpT SATURDAY.
Steamer JOHN II. SIAklN, Captain Nc
Al.ister, leaves New Haven from Starln
ller, foot of Brown street. at 1O:15 p. m,
Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays. Steam.
er EkASTUS CORNING, Captain Thomp-
son, Mondays. Wednesdays and Fridays
The STARIN leaves New York from Pier
49, North River, at .. IN; Mondays Wed
ING, Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays.
Fare 70 cents; Excursion Tickets 1928
Staterooms, $1.00.
Tickets and staterooms for sale at J. r.
Judson's, SGT Chapel street; Peck Il Bish-
ops, 702 Chapel street. Free stage, leaves
the depot on arrival of Hartford train
and from corner of Church and Chapel
streets every half hour, commencing at $50
D. m. Through freight rates given. and
bills OF lading to all points West, South,
and Southwest.
Order your freight via Starin Line.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1899-01-09
THE AFRICANS ENDURANCE.


Two cases notably of the African
natives power of endurance are report
ed from the British Central Africa
Protectorate. In each instance a man
was dragged from his canoe by a
crocodile, and had an arm bitten
almost to a pulp. The men had to be
taken long distances overland. On
reaching Zomba each had the injured
limb amputated and quickly recovered
Dr. Douglas Gray, acting chief medi-
cal officer there, remarks further in his
report, upon the growing confidence of
the natives in the European medicos Re-
ports of cures-more especially in rela-
ton to surgery-spread rapidly among
the natives, and the one old cure-a
fibre band tied round a limb above the
seat of disease-is, he says, fast losing
its reputation.-London News.