davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1899-12-14
HATS OF OUR ANCESTORS.
Changes That Have Taken Place in
 Manufacturing Ieadgear.

Speaking of the hat business, said a veteran of the business to the local historian, most wonderful changes have taken place since 1850. In olden times soft felt and derby hats were not known, and it was as late as 1843 when silk dress hats were first intro- dueed in this country, this being a French invention, and all silk plush used for hats in the world was, up to this time, made in France When Kos suth came to America he introduced the soft felt hats, wearing one him. self. It did not take American matters leng to take Up the idea, and in less than one year old and young Ameri cans covered their heads with hossuth hats. They were in shaI nearly the same as tourist hats now. only being trimmed up with nice, long ostrich plume Along about 1858 an English tourist came along with the derby hat, and in very few years they became the general headgeaf in the country, and up to the present date the demand for soft hats and derby hats is nearly evenly divided. In those days all the best class of soft hats were imported from France, and stiff derbies from England. This, how ever, has taken a material change, as American hats are now sold in all parts of the globe, and it is a known fact that we produce the most tasty and best hats made. Before the ar rival of Kossuth and the English tour ist, however, the Americans did not go bareheaded. but contented them- selves with mapped otter and mapped beaver hats. for the more expensive, and the so-called scratch-up or brush hats for the cheaper. Brush or scratch up derive their name from the fact that nap was raised on them by means of stiff crush constructed of whale bones.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1899-12-14
=THEMPU.=
A Bunch Of strings Used by the AncIents
 to Keep Accounts.

io AOSp AScpohAct
 Dr. Max Uhle, a distinuished Ger man scientist, has been for many years engaged in archaeological ex plorations in Peru. He now ret ns 10 that country under the auspices Of the American Exploration society, for the purpose of clearing some of the unsolved problems of the ancient civ ilization of the Incas and to complete a collection for the museum of the University of California He bad made similar collection for the Uni versity of Pennsylvania. Dr. Uhle proposes to remain two years in Peru to complete his work. Among other important discoveries of Dr. Uhle is fhe kipu, a collection of knotted strings Of different colors. which were used by the people of the ancient civiliza- tions of Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia for the purpose of keeping accounts They had no written language and DO sys- tenn of figures. Their arithmetic con- sisted solely of little knotted strings. Among the primitive villages of tho Andes the descendants of the Incas depend upon the kipu for keeping ac- counts, and Dr. Uhle was so fortunate as to discover them in the hands Of Indian herdsmen, who used them so skillfully that they are able to make 4 record of every animal, every bnshel Of feed and article of property that is iRtrusted to their care. The cOlors of the different strings represent differ ent articles, such as barley. corn, sheep. rams, ewes, lambs, horses. etc. while the knots. by their size and dis tance from each other, express hun dreds, tens and units, in such a man. her as to accurately include the deci- mals. For example, one of the kipus obtained by pr. Uhle from shepherd near Lake Titacaca showed that he had delivered 3S7 sheep 285 rams. 121 lambs year old, and 99 still younger; the number of bushels of barley that Rfd been used, the number of sheep Killed and furnished to the kitchen Of the owner of the flock, and the num- Der eaten by the shepherds, the num- Der that died Of disease, the number killed by wild animals and by acci- dent, as completely and as accurately as if it had all been set down by deuble-entry bookkeeping.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1899-12-14
 NOT BY DEPUTY.
Queen Victoria Is Said to Be Her Own
 HouSekeeDer.


 l am sure very many of my readers, writes D. M Jessop in the August Pail Mall Magazine, will be glad to hear that, notwithstanding the enormous amount of business with which she has to deal, the queen is to a large ex- tent her own housekeeper. The first thing every morning paper of sugges- tlons from the clerk of the kitchen is placed before her, from which in her own hand she orders the menus of the day, both for herself and such of her grandchildren as may be with her. These menus are at once sent to the kitchens, gardens and other depart ments concerned, to obtain the viands required, and their contents duly en- tered, together with the quantities of materials used, in the books which are kept in the royal kitchen. The queens chef receives salary o9 500 pounds per annum, and has as satellites four mas ter cooks, two roasting cooks. six ap- prentices and six kitchen maids besides pantry men and other lesser lights. In addition to the great kitchen at Wind Aor there are the greenroom for yeget- ables, and the confectionery and pas try kitchen. This last is most impor- tant department, controlled by con- fectioner with six assistants and fitted up in the most complete manner. All her majesty's favorite cakes, biscuits, pastry, etc, are made here and sent by special messengers several times a week to whichever of her residences the court may be staying at. All stores at Windsor are under proper su- pervision, no materials being served out without proper requisition signed by the head of the department con eerned. Not bag of dog biscuits can even be ordered for the kennels unless on the proper printed form. In fact the whole vast establishment is practi- cally as methodieally conducted as any great London business. This method which was evolved by her majesty and the late prince eonsort out Of the chaos which descended from the days of George IV, entirely does away with waste, extravaganza and the abomina- blesperquisite system, and moreover it enables her majesty to exercise that wise control over her finances which ena les her to keep the grandest es- tablishment on relatively the smallest royal income in Europe.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1899-12-14
.A Novel Use of the Ricrcle.

There was novel use of the bicycle at the recent show of the Royal Az ricultural society in Sydney The com pany which has acquired the patent rights in the sheep-shearing machine invented by the late NIT. Fred Yorke Wolseley, the Australian brother Of the n-ehief, showed a number of these machines worked by motive power supplied by cyclist. The driv- ing wheel of the bicycle was connect
 ed with a small rubber wheel fixed on 8
 spindle, to which were attached the flexible shaft and shear of the Wolse- ley machine. Each sheep was relieved ot it's wool coat in four or five minutes.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1899-12-14
For Pnnr Children.

Richard Smith and his wife. of Phil adelphia, will erect a building in that city designed to furnish shelter ana play-rooms flor such children as may be brought there seeking recreation, by parents, guardians and other earetak- ers.'' The building is to be seyenty-si1 by tifty-two feet, and is to contain play-room for bad weather, reception and toilet rooms, room with cots TOT tired or sick children, dispensary with trained nurse, diet kltcheh and room with mattresses on en0 floor for babies to tumble about ih.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1899-12-14
A CARRoNIc ACID MOTOR.
Its Peculiar Advantages for Use in An
 tomobiIes.


 The latest novelty in automobiles Is one propelled by carbonie acid, the in- vention of c. D. P. Gibson of Jersey City. Describing the model now in ep- eration: Inside the box, toward the rear, is an engine weighing only thir- ty-six pounds, and having cylinders whose diameter is one and seven eighths, with a four-inch stroke. On either side of it, and reaching length wise in the box, are arranged flasks, or cartridges" of liquid carbonie acid, coupled to each other and to slender tube that feeds the engine. By means which Mir Gibson does not yet describe, the fluid is Yaporized and expanded in the cylinders. A working pressure of frar77 f90 pounds upward is thus made available. The crank transmits it's mo- tion by sprocket and chain to the rear axle of the wagon without any inter- mediate shaft or gear. The sproclSet on the crank shaft has nine teeth, and that on the wagon axle Ia sixteen-inch sprecket) has twenty-nine. The driv- CTS are thirty y-eight-inch wheels. With the simple mechanism here described MT. Gibson is able to run his wagon up the most astonishing grades. He climbs those appalling hills for which New Jersey is famous, and believes he can go where no gasoline motor can follow. He takes his wagon through deep, dry sand, too. where it would be almost impossible to take any other self-propelled carriage Without the earbonic acid 1asks and engine the carriage which he showed to a report CT the other day would weigh nearly 400 pounds. The fasks, contents and engine added about 400 pounds more Some 800 or 600 pounds of human freight have been put into the wagon on occasions 4 total load that is scarcely less than 1.400 pounds has thus been moved up hill and down with the utmost ease.-New York Tribune.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1899-12-14
The Coming United States Census.


 It is not anticipated that the coming census will show more than a 20 per cent increase in the population of the United States for the decade. Immi- grafton has been small compared with the previous ten years, and the birth rate is declining. The increase from 1870 to 1880 was over 30 per cent. Im- migration during the first half of the next decade was enormous, and yet the Porter census for 1890 showed an in- crease in the ten years of only 24.s per cent. H. T. Newcomb, a statistician of the agricultural department, estimates for next year population of "A ,4s0 900, which would be an increase over 1890 of less than 19 per cent.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1899-12-14
CURFEW IS UPHELD.
One Town Which Finds the Evening
 Bell a Success.

Hell Success.
 EImira is trying Che virtue of cur few ordinance. Its express purpose is to keep out of the streets the children who have been permitted to frequent them in the evening without restraint heretofore, says the Elmira Advertiser. It takes effect at o'clock in the sum- mer and at o'clock during the win ter. The effect Of the rule has been watched with interest, and no one can doubt that the new rule will be as faithfully enforced hereafter as it has been during the first week. Only one arrest has been made, but that was sufficient to show the intention of the police department to enforce the erdi nance in fair and reasonable man. her. According to all the testimony at hand it aceomplishes the purpose for which it was passed Children, and young girls in particular, are no long CT seen promenading the streets in groups or singly, and the gain for or der is plainly noticeable. There is 8 disposition shown in the press of other cities to poke fun at the course pur- sued here, but our citizens care nothing for that. They are trying honestly an experiment from which much good is hoped, and their expectations have met no disappointments up to today. Instead of laughing at our village" similarly afflicted communities would do well 10 adopt the same course of treatment for what is everywhere ac- knowledged to be 8 serious evil. If large numbers of the young can be kept out of temptation and from evil courses by so simple device, it is far wiser to try it than to jeer at it. It is not laughing matter at all, but one of grave moment to the welfare of nearly all large towns. Our experi- ment is worthy of general imitation. for it is a great success in it's begin ming.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1899-12-14
Relic of By-gone Days.

gt Georges church, at the top Of Lord street, Liverpool, England, IS undergoing demolition, and the work men have just come upon curious relic of Mby- gone days The church stands on the site of baronial castle said to have been first built by Roger de Poictiers in 1073. After being used for various purposes. the castle was demolished early last century to make room for the church. While at work the demolishers of the church came mon a large slab in the east aisle, lm- mediately under the stained glass win dow facing Lord street. The slab De- ;no raised disclosed twelve steps cut in rock and leading to platform, ana an arched doorway led to another flight of five steps. at the foot Of which was a square chamber about fourteen feet in height also cut in the rock. From tbis place there is a passage appar- entlv running in the direction Of the river while marks on the walls sug- rested that the tide flowed In at hlgn water though the church is on high level and nearly 200 yards from the river. It is supposed that these steps and messages were hewn in the rock to nroyide an outlet from the castle near inc waterside, and that when the castle was removed it was thought easier to cover the entrance than 10 Ill m the massage. Foul air prevented the workmen from exploring further.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1899-12-14
Tratnsd as Food Experts.

Pavmasters and commissariat off, c,als of the German army receive spe- cial training in examining the quality af food supplied to ths army.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-04-28
Treaty with Orange Free State.

Washington, April 22.-Secretary
Hay for the government, and Consul.
General D. Pierce, for the Orange Free
State, today exchanged ratitications Of
the new treaty of extradition between
the two countries. The new treaty
does not contain the original section
requiring the surrender of fugitives
from Justice who are citizens of the
country where their extradition is
sought; but. instead, the provision is
merely pe1missive, enabling country
10 surrender its citizens in its discle-
tion.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-04-28
TRAITORS IN OUR MIDST
Enemies at Home Trying to
Aid Aguinaldo.
SOME EVIDENCE ACCUMULATED
kilograms Counseling the Volunteers
to Mutiny Have Been Intercepted
Discussed by the Cabinet.

Washington, April 24.-The cabinet
today discussed traitors and the laws Of
treason in relation to the Philippines.
The president preferred a policy of
liberality and tolerance until recently,
when there came into the possession OF
the administration evidence incriminat-
ing United States citizens furthering
the sedition.
Certain individuals, it is known to
the government, have been trying not
only to aid Aguinaldo, but weaken the
army by spreading discon tent among
the volunteers. Telegraph messages
from anti-expansionists, Jealous to
gain political advantage, have been in
tercepted, encouraging volunteer Off
GERS and men to demand their return
from the Philippines on the ground
that peace has been declared. The
messages even counseed the volunteers
to 60 to the length of refusing fui ither
to serve in the Philippines.
What the president will do is not yet
decided. 1t will not be surprising If ii
warning in the shape of message will
remind the mischief-makers that there
is serious law against treason which
will be enforced if any further attempt
is made to tamper with the men at the
front
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-04-28
A Battle Near Bocave.

Manila, April 24.-At o'clock this
morning, three South Dakota COM
panies marched from Bocave, and in
conjunction with three companies of
the Minnesota regiment from Guiginto,
north of Bocave. encountered a rebel
force numbering fully 500, when two
miles OUT. The rebels retired three
miles in fairly good der, in spite of
the fact that they suffered heavy losses.
The Americans, having exhausted their
ammunition, were compelled to re-
turn to their camps. The heat is in
tense. At noon the thermometer regis
tered 80 degrees and the mercury was
still rising. There were several pros
trations from heat among the troops.
but only one man was wounded. La
ter, army tugs opened fire on the en-
emy along the river banks.
The rebels are unusually active
from Malclos as far as Calumpit.
They have been discovered within
two miles of the railroad Fires are
burning east of the Ii; II oad, and it
would appear that the rebels are evacu-
ating the foothill towns in anticipation
Of an attack upon the part OF the
American troops.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-04-28
A Parcel Post Treatv

washington, April 22.-After sew
eral conferences with the minister
from Venezuela, the United States
posoftce officials have entered into an
agreement for parcel post treaty with
venezuela. The treaty will be sent
10 venezuela for ratification, and will
probably be in operation in three or
fonr months. The agreement pro-
vides that the rate charged per pound
shall be l2 cents, and the number of
pounds in a package limited to IL.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-04-28
THE MOOUS HELD UP.
Ottawa Defeats the Alaska Boundary
Settlement.

oIt""h DeledUs tne AiasKa Boundary
Settlement.
Washington, April 24.-An unex.
pected delay has occurred in the nego-
tiations towards an Alaska boundary
modus vivendi, which makes the fu-
ture OF the mOdus quite problematioal.
Extended conferences were held on the
subject today, the result being far
from encouraging. The principal diff
Guilty arises from dealing with Ottawa
as well as London, this dual negotia.
tion causing great delay and complica-
ton.
AT the outset the United States pro-
posed modus with a temporary line
along certain peaks. The British am
bassador forwarded this to London ana
Ottawa. The Canadian officials have
now proposed changing the line, and
after considerable delay the authorities
in London approves the changes pro-
posed by Canada.
1t is not stated what the respective
lines are, but they are sufficiently apart
to make it quite unlikely that any i'm.
mediate agreement can be reached,
even of temporary nature, as to the
boundary.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-04-28
FOUL CRIME IN INDIANA.
Wealthy Woman Murdered for Her
Money.


Pana, ILL.,, April 24.-The mutilated
body of Miss Jane Brunot. a wealthy
woman of Dana, Ind, was found
buried in an abandoned well on the
farm of her sister-in-law near here to-
dav. Mrs. Anna Brunot, her son,
Henry Brunot, and Frederick Sibley
are under arrest in this city, charged
with the mulder. The chief of police
says that the persons under arrest de-
coyed Miss Brunot to the farm, and
shot her through the head, and buried
her body in an abandoned well.
Miss Brunot came to this city on a
visit about April /. 1t is said she
brought with her valise containing a
draft for $500 and other valuables.
Neither Miss Brunot nor the valise
was ever seen after April l. A few
days later Henry Brunot and Sibley
disappeared. The police learned that
the two went to indianapolis, where
they, it is said, cashed draft for $500,
and spent the proceeds.
On the strength of this clew, and a
letter from Indiana friends inquiring
for Miss Brunot, the three inhabitant
of the BIunot farm were arrested this
morning. At s O'Clock the police
found Miss Brunot's decomp posed body
in an old we'll. Her clothing was
found in the garret of the farmhouse.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-04-28
An IgnOble Game.

London, April 24.-The Saturday
Review, commenting on General Law
tons retirement from the Santa Cruz
district of Laguna de Bay, says:
"Unpatriotic politicians in the Unit
ed States are doing their utmost to
create panic, in the hope that the
Philippines may be abandoned and the
party in power discredited. 1t is an
ignoble game, and we sincerely trust
it will be unsuccessful. If the Ameri-
cans retire from their self-appointed
task, the great republic must take the
brand of coward as well as the brand
of Cain, which Lowell declared it
to be Marked -
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-04-28
ON A TECHNICALITY.
The Charges OF General Miles win Not
BE Sustained.

me 1harges or General Miles win Not
BE Sustained.
Washington, April 24.-The forecast
OF the beet inquiry report indicates
that the charges of General Miles will
not be sustained. although there is
such mass of testimony to show that
bad beef was distributed to the army.
The reason for this will be technical.
Miles showed nothing in his charge
against canned beef, but used the term
embalmed beef" On this tecbni.
callty it may be shown that the charges
were not sustained.
The people will not be convinced
that the board was not packed in the
interest OF the war department. II is
also possible that there will be de-.
mand for an investigation by congress
from those who believe that neither
the war committee nor the beef board
was unbiased. The people are not
ready to accept the reason of the two
boards, who seem to sustain Algerism
in the department.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-04-28
IN THE INTEREST OF SCIENCE.
An Exploring Expedition to Be Led to
the Brazilian Coast.


the Brazilian Coast.
Stanford University, Cal, April "a.
Professor Alexander Agassiz, OF
Harvard, has made arrangements for
DR.. Braunar. of the geology department
here. to lead an expedition into South
America in the interest of.science.
The work will be upon the coral reefs
of the Brazilian coast, extending from
Ceave nearly to Rio Janeiro. The
stone reefs will be mapped. and their
relations to the geological history of
the South American continent will be
studied. Collections will be made for
the museum of comparative zoology
of Harvard university.
Professor Agassz will afterwards
publish the results of the work in the
bulletin of the museum of comparative
zoology at Cambridge. The party will
leave New York about June l. and
will return in the middle of Septem Der.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-04-28
A FamouA Indian g..

Pendleton, Or, April 22.-Donald
Mckay probably the most famous In
dian scout in all the Northwest coun-
try, died at the Umatilla Indian
agency yesterday. Today ne was
buried at the Catholic Indian mission,
~ miles from Pendleton, at the foot.
nils OF the Blue mountains, Rev.
Father Chianale officiating.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-04-28

Washington, April ga United
States Minister Bridgeman has cabled
the state department from La Paz, Bo.
livia, that the revolution has ended
and everything is quiet.