Evening journal., 1899-12-07
THE yANisHED RACE
A BUILDING THAT HOUSED 6,ooo
CLIFF JEWELLERS.

"A Thousand Feet IIigh-SlSulls OF
People That Had Double Teeth All
Around-some Remarkable Relics.
Laden with relics Of the vanisheo
race Of the Clin Dwellers. the Rev. Dr
George l.. Cole has returned from al
journey to the ruined cities of South.
eastern Colorado and New Mexico. Vail
liable results were secured by eXcaYa-
tlons in an ancient communal dwelling.
as yet unnamed which stands on the
cliffs OF the Santa Fe River, fourteen
miles from Espanola, N. NJ. This Is the
largest pueblo yet discovered In the
United States, and DR.. Cole was pracu-
cally the first to visit II with scientihc
objects in view. He found stone inn
plements and pottery OF extreme rarity,
and the bones OF q race all Of whose
teeth were molars or grinders. Among
the bones excavated from a burial
mound on the mesa were woman's
femurs measuring nineteen inches. a.
length which indicates that this aborig-
inal giantess must have been at least
seven and half feet tall.
The cliff on which the unexplored
ruins stand rises a thousand feet above
the surrounding country. On one side
Of the isolated rocky mass is the valley
Of the Santa Fe River, on the other
that of The Santa Clara. Up to COO feet
Is a shelf which furnished a nesting
place for the Cliff Dwellers Of nobody
knows how many centuries ago. In the
soft pumice stone they burrOwea dens
for their families. Eventually the or
iginal shelters in the cliffs grew to be-
a great warren. Room after room was
hewn out until the rows were four or
five deep. Under the shelter of the
overhanging cliff, walls were built eS-
tending the rows of rooms. The Cliff
.Dwellers were sheltered from rain or
Storm and their homes were inaccessi-
BE for their enemies
Not satisfied with their rock caverns.
the Gin Dwellers climbed upward, and
on the mesa, 400 feet above the shelf
on which the caves opened. built
communal dwelling.
This mesa Is about three-quarters of a
mile wide and a mile and a half long.
with cliffs all about and the best of op-
portunities for defense. On It's edge
was reared a watch tower OF granite,
whose height DR.. Cole believes to have
been not less than sixty feet. The.
blocks were painfully carried up the L..
O0O-foot cliff, for the nearest granite
deposits are at considerable distance.
For greater security wall was built
across the middle OF the mesa.
On this rock platform, 900 feet mp in
the air, there stand to-day the ruins Of
two communal dwellings, one evidently
much older than the other. The older
dwelling is as yet untouched and what
little exploration of the more modern
one DR.. Cole had time for amounts to a
mere scratch on the surface.
There were not less than sixteen
hundred rooms In the larger building in
It's prime, says DR.. Cole, and probably
two thousand. The building measured
24OX3OO feet. II was of blocks OF stone
measuring six by six by fifteen inches.
quarried from the cliffs below. and car
ried up by the wurkmen The rooms
were rooted with timber, and the walls
then carried higher. In the centre was
a great court, a common kitchen for all.
from which radiated immense numbers
Of rooms. The building spread with
the growth Of the community until IL
was three stories high and the rooms
stretched away twelve deep from Tho
central court. with smaller courts here
and there. DR.. Cole estimates that the
population averaged about three 10 a
room, which would make between 4.SOO
and 5000 people dwelling in the i'm
mense pueblo, besides those who lived
In the cliff caves.
The rooms at the sides Of The com
munal dwelling averaged about four
teen feet in size On the upper stories
they were mostly smaller some being
only seven by fourteen. others seven
by twenty-one. Some rooms were
found as large as fourteen by twenty
one feet
With the trophies OF his summers ex-
plorauons spread out about him, DR..
Cole has turned his parlor into an an
thropOlogical museum. One table Is
covered with water jugs and incense
pipes, the sofa hidden under stone axes.
mortars, pestles, weaving shuttles and
pottery. Another table is decked with
row OF grinning skulls and huge
crossbones; beneath 1t comfortably re-
pose all the parts OF skeleton. from
the toe bones TO the shoulder blades
waiting to be wired together, and
strewn about are bows and arrows
baskets. jugs of twisted twigs. made
water-tghi by pitch; modern Indian
pottery, photographs by the score. and
a stump of petrihed wood. The skulls
are a particularly valued possession.
Look ct those teeth" said DR.. Cole
tenderly fondling the skull of the giant.
ess. "She has no incisors no cuttine
| teeth, in front, as have all the Other
races Of which / have any knowledge
/ She has grinders all around. and sr
have the other skulls. That shows the,
were grain-eaters rather than meat.
eaters. The foreheads arc high and tn,
shape of the skull shows intelligence
but notice how curiously they are fat
tened at the back.--LOs Angles Times
Chioroform story.
\ net tortoise. owned by lady il
South London, was badly worried b,