davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29
WISDOM OF MONROE.
How He Added Louisiana to Our
e 49, 25a#
ls Domains.
His Bargain with Napoleon Bona.
parte Was q Great Victory for the
ExpansiOnists Of EARLY
American. Days.
Especial Washington letter.

Especial Washington letter. +,
They who have never used the scapel
should not undertake to practice meai-
cine. They WIZ nave never studied law
should not act as law-givers and oracles
ON jurisprudence. They who have never
studied international law should not
attempt to act as oracles for the direc-
ton Of the foreign affairs of this re-
public.
These axioms are called forth by rea-
son of the multffarious expressions of
editorial and oratorical opinion con-
corning the policies which our federal
government should pursue in our for
eign relations, our diplomatic affairs
and our increased responsibilities grow
ing out of the war with Spain.
When we have studied the history of
the finances and wars of a country we
have studied it's diplomacy. Money is
necessary to back diplomacy; and
diplomacy always falls back upon the
arbitrament of war for the enforcement
of its conclusions. But diplomacy does
not cease when war begins. It goes on
just the same. Neutral nations at once
begin with unofficial mediation, follow
ing it with official mediation, for the
welfare of all nations.
The history of the finances and wars
OF this republic gives us the history OF
the diplomacy of our country. The
precedents established will usually gov
ern primary conclusions in future d.
plomacy, but presidents can always
be broken, by the will of the majority
of our people.
Upon the public platform and in the
editorial and news columns of our news.
papers we hear and read all shades OF
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29

tiations with Great Britain, SO as 10
prevent France from taking possession
Of the province. NJ. Barbe Morbois
marquis of Barbe Morbois) who was
then at the head Of the treasury Of
France, had cond ucted the negotiations
with Mr.. Livingston. He had formerly
been secretary of the French legation to
The United States, and was personally
known to Mr. Monroe.
Mr.. Monroe arrived April ~, 1903. NJ.
Morbois, the next day, asked imme-
date action. After consultation, the
two ministers, on behalf of the United
States, offered France 5O,OOO,0OO francs,
with an offset in the shape. of such
claims in favor of citizens OF the United
States against France as should be es-
tablished, estimated at from O,OOO, 900
to 25,ooo,Ooo francs. This was declined.
The ministers of the United States were
embarrassed by the fact that the ten
der of territory was beyond their in
structions to buy or receive. Rumors
of a large English fleet sailing for
Louisiana for the purpose of capturing
it were rife, and the English press was
urgent in demanding such action.
Bonaparte had, no doubt, intended
just before this period to send the
French fleet, then at San Domingo, to
Louisiana, to receive and hold it. Ber-
nadotte, afterward king of Sweden,
was to be the governor. The negotia-
tions were entirely secret. Spain had
not yet transferred the province to the
possession of France. In the treaty OF
San lldefonse there was provision for
reference to Spain in. future DISPOSE
ton. M. Marbois insisted upon s0,OOO,.
900 francs, which was agreed to on con.
dition that 100000 francs of the sum
should be assigned to the payment OF
claims due by France to citizens of the
United States, if they should amount
to so much.
/ It is said that when Bonaparte gave
instructions to M. Marbois in regard
to the cession, he stated that, from the
nature of the new combination forming
against him in Europe, he was forced
to sell the entire province, or hold il
at a great sacrifice of men and money
| and, probably, be compelled to see i,
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29

duty or on furlough, large army soon
grew up, so that in 1913, when Prussia
struck back at Napoleon, it had ESQ, 900
trained men and brought 10000 into
the field.
The fundamental principle of the sys-
tenn is the universal liability to military
service during certain period, begin
ming with 20 years of age. Men are se-
lected by lot every year to fill up the
ranks, and all must serve ~ years. The
time is divided so that a man has two
years service in the ranks, five years in
the reserve and five years in the land
wehr, or second reserve. That is in
Germany, but it is the same in the other
military countries except as to detail.
Thus in Russia the time of service is 20
years, six years in the ranks, nine years
in the reserve and five years in the sec
ond reserve.
Depots are established from which
depleted bodies may receive reinforce
ments and be kept up to their normal
strength. The real advantages of the
system were shown by Germany in the
war of 1866 and again in 1870, and its
adoption by France after the reorgani-
cation of the army showed that it had
impressed favorably the nation which
it had ruined. The men in the reserve
class are liable to be called at any mo-
ment; they are enrolled and part of
certain regiments, the depots or assem-
bling points for which are known to
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29
MOBILIZING AN ARMY
How the Reserves Are Quickly
Placed on a War Footing.
All the Systems Now In Vogue Pat
termed After the German Plan
The Modus Operandi Described
by Col. Greene.
Especial Correspondence

The great annual army maneuvers
ere now on. The bulk of the German,
Russian, Austrian, Italian and French
armies is under arms and fighting
mimic battles all over central Eu-
rope. American army officers, ac-
credited to the various governments
as military attaches, are carefully
studying the methods employed by
European commanders, the systems of
transportation and the routine of the
commissariat departments. Wonder
full, truly, was the machinery which en-
abled the United States to put an army
of 100000 men into the field last year,
but the commanding officers, able
fighters as they were, knew very little
about the establishment of sanitary
camps ard the proper distribution of
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29

every man. Mobilization consists in
calling in this reserve force, furnishing
the men the necessary equipments and
dispatching them with the officers who
are kept in reserve for this purpose tc
the regiments where they belong. Most
of the officers are with the colors or in
active service, but the great mass Of
privates is in the reserve, ready 6: a
few hours notice to increase the reg
iments to their war footing proportions.
When the reserve goes to the front
a certain number of officers is left be-
hind to serve as recruiting and organ
ization force in case the 1andwehr
should be needed, and when that body
is called upon to go to the front it is
brought together as readily as the
younger and more numerous first re-
serve.
The great purpose accomplished by
this system of expansive armies is to
enable nation to put into the field
in the short space of two weeks vast
array of trained soldiers, while in time
of peace it maintains only compare
ti7ely small portion of them under pay
and, unproductive. It was only two
weeks after the declaration of war in
1870 when nearly 100000 German SOL
diers advanced in body across the
French border, and that is the measure
of time that. the continental powers
can count upon to be ready for defense.
To demonstrate the rapidity with
which great army may be modified,
Col. Greene cites that at the outbreak
of the war between Prussia and Aus
tria, in 1866, the Prussian army in ac-
tive service numbered 100000 men.
Mobilization was ordered on May 8,
and six weeks later the active army
had been increased to 326, 600 men, in
addition to depot and garrison troops
whose numbers, it is stated, carried the
total to 100000 men under arms. OF
these not less than 100000 were brought
to the field of Sadowa on July 3, and
these inflicted such an overwhelming
defeat on the Austrians as to cause
them to sue for peace at once. The
war lasted less than three months, only
six weeks of which were devoted to
active operations.
In 1870 the armies of the states COM
posing the present German empire
numbered in all 3S2,56S men present
with the colors. The order for mobili-
cation was given July Is, and two weeks
later there were concentrated on the
Rhine three armies, numbering 100000
men. On August Is the effective total
of men under arms was 1,1s3, $3.50, of
whom 100000 were at the front, go, 600
in the depots and 100000 on home serv-
ice. The French armies were outnum-
bered, defeated and captured in bulk.
In 1877 the Russian field army num-
bered 5o7,5oo men and was capable of
expansion to 1,3sO,OOO. Only two-thirds
of the field army was modified, and
this furnished during the winter OF
1S77-78 force of about 10000 men, OF
whom $4,000 were at the front and
the rest on the communication or gar
rison service. The Turkish armies were
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29
GEN. LAMONT.

>
outnumbered and defeated and three
fourths of them were captured.
Mobilization is effected through what
is known as the general staff-a body
composed >of the best officers in the
land. The general staff not only keeps
records of the army and its various
grand divisions as to the active and
furlough or reserve men, but is in
formed on all matters pertaining to
the armies of other nations, so far as
they are obtainable. Anticipating
wars, there are plans of campaigns
with all nations, even with those from
whom there never was any sign of trou-
bic. These plans are not of q super
fetal nature, but thorough in every de-
tail. In the German general staff in
particular: they are kept up to date
in every respect. All railroads and
post roads are kept under rigid observa-
ton, and all improvements are noted.
1t is known how manyemployes every
railroad has, and every item pertaining
to its rolling stock, road bed, bridges
and depots is as familiar to the general
staff as to the railroad officials. Every
detail as to transportation of troops,
horses, artillery and wagons to any
point is filed away for use at moments
notice; the officers who are to command
at various points have been agreed
upon, and in case of death another. is
Immediately substituted, and so man
may have an important command for
years without knowing it, simply be-
cause the contingency did not arise.
There is hardly complication requir-
ing the moving of troops which has not
been anticipated by the officers of the
general staff, and for that reason the
mobilization of a great army at the
present time is a less difficult matter
than it was before the present system
was brought into use.
At regular intervals the entire mobili-
cation machinery is set in motion so
as to avoid accidents in case of necessity
and to prevent the system from being
rendered Ineffective by inexperience or
red tape. Fortunately, our system of
government renders the establishment
of a mobilization bureau unnecessary.
Yet it is comfortable to know that our
army leaders are thoroughly familiar
with It's secrets: G. w. WEIPPIERT
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29
well-Posted Cattle.

Fair Maiden "a boarder) -How saw
agely that cow looks at ne.
Farmer Hayseed-1t's your red para
sol, mum.
Fair Ma;den-Dear me! I knew it
was little out of fashion, but I didn't
suppose country COW, would npticeit.
IN. Y. Weekly. -
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29
Drowned.

Mrs. J. O. Johnson of Minneapolis
was drowned in Lake Minnetonka,
while out fishing with her husband.
The fatality occurred about o'clock
in the afternoon, off Cottagewood.
The lake was rough, and as Mfr. John
son attempted to pull up the anchor In
order to row ashore a violent wave
struck the boat, and Mrs. Johnson was
thrown into the water. The husband
managed to catch hold Of her and in
the struggles to save herself she pulled
herself away and johnson lost his hold
He then threw a line to his wife, but
she seemed unable to catch it. She
was rapidly sinking and quick action
was necessary. He sprang into the
water and after a hard struggle man
aged to reach shore with his wife. but
all efforts to resuscitate her were of no
avail.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29
A Sloppy Announcement.

A Kansas printer in making up the forms
one day in hurry got marriage and gro
GERS notice mixed up so they read as fol-
lows: John Smith and Ida Quay were
united in the bonds of holy sauerkraut which
will be sold by the quart or barrel. Mr..
Smith is an esteemed Goldfish at ten cents;
while the bride has nice pigs feet to dis
play."-Michigan Tyre. :.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29
A Ready Answer.

II am SO ambitious" said the ego
tistical man, that some day you may
see me bring the earth home.''
If you bring it on your feet" eau
toned his meek wife, don't forget that
the door mat stands in the yestibule,
and that the last time these halls were
scrubbed I did it myself. Chicago
Daily News.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29
Evaporation.

Nothing makes a woman so mad as
to go past millinery window and see
a hat the counterpart Of which she paid
SIS for marked down to $5.75.-JaGk-
sonrille Democrats
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29
built Mauv Miles.

David c. Shepard, now living in re-
tirement at st. Paul, built during his
active business career more miles of
railroad than any other man, living or
dead. In total it equals the length of
the great Russian traus-Asian railway.
now in process of construction, with a
thousand miles added. Mr.. Shepard
has built railroads in thirteen states
and territories and in Canada. In 1853
he began work as railroad contractor,
building part of what is now the Erie
road, between New York and Chicago.
Then he came west and built 2s6 miles
of road in Wisconsin. His greatest
mileage for any one state is 1-455 miles
in Minnesota The total number of
miles laid by Mr. Shepard is 7.0os.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29

NOWS IN Hftef.
Frank BARTLETT, aged years, had
his leg cut of below the knee by the
cars at Duluth.
The Farmers Cooperative Flour
Mill at Alden was sold by the sheriff.
The Scandia Hail Insurance CON-
pany, with headquarters at Crookston,
decides to pay all losses in full.
The Faribault canning company put
up zoe, COO cans Of corn this season.
The building occupied as saloon by
B. Ross at MiIaca was destroyed by
fire.
Robert Hyslip, employed on the rail-
road bridge at New Ulm, fell to the
ground, IS feet below, and was Instant
1y killed.
Superintendent Rice reports that
$500 pupils attended school In Red
wood county for the year ending Sep
TENDER 1.
The naval corps at Hastings has re-
ceived new cannon, which will be
used to welcome the Thirteenth.
Herman Kempfer, Of Grand Meadow.
was given 10 days in the county Jail
for wife beating.
At its last meeting the board of
prison managers raised the price of
binder twine to 10 cents per pound,
owing to the advanced cost of the raw
material. These figures are for Irvine
required in the corn harvest
While playing ball in Minneapolis.
Henry Knott broke his arm throwing
to the bases
The first ladies' golf Tournament ever
held in Winona has been decided In
favor of Miss Sue Whipple. Her near
est competitor was Mrs. w. III. Boil
com, who was five points behind
Winona county has 5000 pupils en-
rolled.
A postohice has been establishes st
Co1hfrey, Brown county.
The store Of w. A. Murray, at Park
er's Prairie, was entered by burgIarx
and some money and over 500 worth
Of icwelrv stolen.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29

The man who can give no reasons for his
opinions is the hardest TO change Wash
ington lIa.) Democrat.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29

Lost His Case -Citizen-.'So my. dog
tore your clothes, did he? Where?" Hun.
CRY Higgins--"I've forgot which one Of
them tears is his. indianapolis Journal.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29
The kidnapping Trust.

'"What have you done with the child?''
asked the chief kidnaper /.
just boxed his ears" replied the eighth
assistant accomplice. ~ q
"Good!" exclaimed the chief. ''Now, adj
dress the box to that yellow journal, and
sive clews to the whereabouts of the re-
mainder Of the child for $40, 900, less two per
cent for spot cash. Standard and Catholic
Times. y -. i --..L. Al 7 II.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29

Stacking is generally finished and
threshing from the shock is we'll adj
vanced. Some threshing has been
done from the stack, but in some of
the central counties, where the August
rains were SO heavy, the stacks ara
still damp. Flax is ripe, and most Of
the crop is in stack. Corn is fully ma
tured, and nearly all that is to be cut
is now in shock; little husking has
been done. Sugar beets are reported
a good crop. Flowing is going on sat-
isfactoriIy. The seeding of winter rye
and wheat is nearing compilations; the
early sown are up well.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29

Do you want to be unique? Learn to
tell the facts in a story without any EN-.
Establishments. -Atchison Globe.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29

It takes a woman to be unhappy thinking
~ happy as she is.-N. Y. Press.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29

George Lauderdale fell IS feet down
an elevator shaft at the Wastburn C.
mill in Minneapolis, and miracuIousIy
escaped death. One of his legs was
broken above the knee and his Jaw
was broken. DR.. Stewart rod Lauder
dale removed to a hospitak He will
undoubtedly recover.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29

The stars and stripes foated in the
breeze side by side with the beloved
standard of Norway over Prestegaard,s
hotel, in Vossevangen, in that coun-
try, Aug. last. The occasion was the
arrival of Senator Knute Nelson of
Minnesota, who was on a visit to his
native nome after an absence of fully
q half century. Senator Nelson drove
up to the hotel in a peasants one-horse
cart, and, aware of his coming, the
whole town was on hand to greet him
Later in the week he reached his old
home at Evanger, where he was baa-
quoted by the leading citizens of the
place. Senator Nelson made speech
in the Norwegian language, in which
he told of the prosperity Of the Scardi-
navians in America, and how they
dwelt together in harmony. He urged
that the two peoples do the same at
home, that they live in unity and
stand together; that Norway and Swe-
den united were great power.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1899-09-29
MINNESOTA NEWS.
For aer.s. Catholics.

Representatives hall at the ststs
capitol, St Paul, was gayly decorated
In honor of the forty-fourth snnua1
convention of the German Catholic
Central association. Three hundred
members were in attendance when
President Adolph Weber, Of Racine,
called the meeting to order. Below
and around the speakers desk were
grouped the various officers. The vice
presidents are George A. Scherer, Of
Peoria, and Joseph E. Host, Of Mil
Yankee; recording secretary, Anselm
Won Tesmar, Chicago: corresponding
and financial secretary, Anton Bickel,
Milwaukee; treasurer, John T. Beck
mann, Terre Haute. President Weber
referred, in his opening address, to the
session in Sc. Paul fifteen years ago.
and dwelt ON the remarkable growth
OF the order since 1884. There are now
604 societies, with 40, 9s4 members. The
reserve fund amounted to over 81, Goa, >
GOO. There were 5000 sick members
assisted during the past year at cost
OF over S175, 900. For death losses,
$115, 600 more had been paid out, maxi
ing q total of 500, 600 disbursed for
benevolent purposes.
The Philipsburg mail., 1899-11-24
CITY COUNCIL.
THE MATTER OF a NEW CITY
MARSHAL.
No Permanent Selection Madeline Ap-
pointmcnt OF Mr.. j. T.. Abbey VIII
stand UniiI Next Meeting.

The CITY council met in regular ses-
sion last Monday evening, with Mayor
Boyd and all Of the aldermen present.
After reading of the minutes a recess
was taken, during which the selection
of a new city marshal was informally
discussed by the aldermen.
After business was resumed Mayor
Boyd announced that he had decided to
appoint Mr.. j. E Abbey as marshal.
The council evidently was of a differ
ent mind, aud motion made by Alder
man Anderson that the appointment be
ratified by the council failed to receive
Il second and was withdrawn
The mayors appointment will stand
until the next regular meeting Of the
| board, v hen the matter will be again
taken up. y suitable person, upon
whom the aldermen can agree may be
found by that time
Alderman Mcdonald called attention
to the fact that the sewer across San
some street, at its intersection with
Broadway, had in the past caused much
trouble during the winter by filing up
and freezing, He thought that it was
altogether too small and had not suf-
iicient fall to carry away the water
from the cutters
Upon motion the matter was referred
to the street and alley committee, with
instructions to have the street commits
sioner investigate and put in a new
sewer, if found necessary
The clerk was ordered to call a second
roll, after which the council adjourned.
| Frank Carnegie was i'll the city from
The Philipsburg mail., 1899-11-24
CAPTURED AT LAST.
Under Sheriff j. ID. Kennedy Gracefully
Surrenders to IA Wisconsin Lady.

Under SHERIFF j. y. Kennedy Gracefully
Surrenders to IA Wisconsin Lady.
Under Sheriff J. D. Kennedy was
married last Tuesday evening AT Omro,
Wisconsin, to Miss Anna Anderson
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. S. Anderson
of that city.
Last Monday announcement was
received here that the marriage would
take place on the following day
November 21st-and proved a com
plete surprise to his many friends, Mr..
Kennedy seemed to have considerable
business east, and when he left, about
two weeks ago, stating that 1t was
purely business that took him to Wis
consin, some of his friends We're in
c}ined to believe that Johnnie might
! have surprise in store for them
and return with bride Subsequent
events proved their suspicious to be
correct.
Mr. and Mr.. Kennedy are expected
here some time next week, when Il
| lively reception will be rendered them.
The Mail offers congratulations