davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30
Contest Notice.
U. ;. LAND OFFICE. AT CoEUR D. ALENE,
IDAHO Dec. d 1900

U. :. LAND OFFICE. AT CoEUR o. ALENE,
IDAHO, Dec. q, 1899.
A sufficient contest affidavit having been fled
in this office by William f. Whitaker of Koot-
enai, Idaho, contestant, against Homestead en-
try No. 1142, made December 9Th. 1896, for Lots
and A, section 2, township 81 north, range 2
west, IS. NJ, by Michael Mcmillan, contestee, in
which il is alleged that: said Michael Nc
Mullen has wholly abandoned said tract and
changed his residence therefrom for more than
six months since ma king said entry and next
prior TO the date herein; that said tract is not
settled upon and cultivated by said party re-
quired by law; that said alleged absence from
said land was not due to his employment in the
army, navy or marine corps OF the U. s. as Il
private, officer seaman marine during the
war with spain any other in which the
U. s. may be engaged; said parties are hereby
notified To appear respond and offer evidence
touching said allegation at 10 O'Clock . IN. on
January 80, 1900, before the Register and Re
ceiver at the United States Land Office In Cosur
d. Alene, Idaho.
ID. H. BuDLoE6
12-30--2-3 Register.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30
STEAMER LINES.

SAN FRANCIsCO-PORTLAN ROUTE.
Steamship sails from Ainsworth
Dock, Portland, at 800 p. m, and
from Spear street Wharf San
Francisco, at 1000 a. m, every
five days.
SNAKE RIVER ROUTE.
Steamers between Riparia and
Lewiston leave Riparia daily
at 1;2O a. M; returning leave Lew
iston daily at $50 a. M.
For information, time cards,
maps and tickets, call on or write
H. M. ADAMS, Gen'l Agent,
Spokane, Washington.
W. H. HURLBURT. Gen'l Pass
Agt., Portland. Ore.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30
Grand Masquerade BALL

Announcement is made that
there will be Grand Masquerade
Ball in Pythian Hall on Thursday
Evening, Feb. %, 1900, under the
auspices of Acme Lodge No, %, K.
of p. Price of tickets, including
supper, 5000 A cordial invita-
ton extended to all.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30
What is Shiloh?

A grand old remedy for Cough
Colds and Consumption; used
through the world for half cen
fury, has cured innumerable cases
of incipient consumption and re
lieved many in advanced stages. If
you are not satisfied with the results
we will refund you money. Price
25 cts, so cts, and $1.00. For sale
by j. F. Cook, Druggist.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30
Going East?
If You ARE
Do Nor FoRGFT
Three All Important Points

First.-Go via st. Paul because
the lines to that point will afford
the very best service.
Second.-See that the coupon be-
yond ST. Paul reads via the Wis
consin Central, because that line
makes close connections with all the
ans-continental lines entering the
Union Depot there, and its service
is first class in every particular.
Third.-For information, call on
your neighbor and friend-the
nearest ticket agent-and ask for
ticket reading by way of the
WISCONSIN CENTRAL LINES,
or addressing,
JAS. G. POND, G. P. A.,
Milwaukee, Wis.
Or, JAS. A. CLOCK, Gen'l Agt,
246 Stark ST., Portland, Or.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30
Many q Lover.

Has turned with disgust from an
otherwise lovable girl with an
offensive breath. Ksrl's Glover
Root leo purifies the breath by its
action on the bowels, etc, as nothing
else will. Sold for years on abso.
lutte guarantee. Price % cts. and
30 cts. For sale By J F. COX
Druggist. =. ....
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30
MORAvIA MOVEMENTS.

Tie first term Of school closed
Friday with literary programme.
School will resume Friday after
week of holidays.
Mr.. Coston, assisted by the peo-
pie of this vicinity, is putting in
two bridges in different places on
Deep Greek.
Moravia visited the Doust Dis
trict en- masse Saturday night. The
visitors could not have been better
entertained and all join in saying
that the people of that district, are
the most hcspitable hosts to be
found.
J. M. Hamn:el has a contract to
log the Peterson logs on Deep Creek
He will also run tie camp in con-
nection.
j. p. Dunn has a contract for
logs on the Moyea and starts as
soon as the weather permits.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30

The Misses Whitney, accom-
panied by State Auditor Sinclair,
are spending the week in Spokane
Miss Lizzie Mclaughlin is Wis
iting friends in Spokane this week.
Harry Kinnear and Lawrence
and James Casey, who are attending
Gonzaga College in Spokane, are
home for their holiday vacation,
They will return at the end Of two
weeks.
i. B. Clark, Peoria. ILL.,, says,
Surgeons wanted to operate on me
for piles, but l cured them with De-
Wits Witch Hazel Salve.' 1t is
infallible for piles and skin
diseases. Beware of counterfeits.
j. +. Cook.
The ladies of Bonners Ferry
and vicinity are cordially invited to
call and inspect my stock of fall
Millinery, which / am selling at
reduced prices. MINNIE A. ROSE.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30
HARVEY WRIGHT,

of Priest River, county of Kootenai. state
of Idaho, has this day filed in this office
his sworn statement No. Ill, for the pur-
chase OF the E15 of NEA, aud swN Of NEJ4.
and NW4 OF SE14 of section No. IS, in township
NO. So N, of Range No. w. B. NJ. and will offer
proof to show that the land sought is more valu-
able for its timber OF stone than for agricultural
purposes and TO establish his claim to said land
before the Register and Receiver of this Office at
Occur d Aiene, Idaho, on Wednesday, the oath
day of January, 1900.
He names as witnesses; Howard B. Gumaer,
Frederick NJ. Gumaer, William Ruddy and
Georg Richardson, all OF Piiest River, Idaho.
Any and all persons claiming adversely the
above-described lands are requested to file their
claims in this Office before said oath day OF
January, 1900. ID. II. BUDLoNG, Register.
I-1S-1-20
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30
@. R. & n. co.
THE ONLY LINE EAST VIA SALT
LAKE AND DENVER.
SHORTEST and QUICKEST ROUTE

Occur d. .Alene mines, Palouse,
Lewiston, Walla Walla, Baker City
mines, Portland, San Francisco,
Cripple Greek Gold mines and all
points East and South. Only line
East via Salt Lake and Denver.
Steamship tickets to Europe and
other foreign countries.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30

Miss Dollie Bruce is home fror.
Spokane to spend her vacation.
Miss Dollie is stopping with her
aunt in Spokane and attending the
School of the Holy Name.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30
"a ST o7IA.
Bears tho nIhs Kind You Have Always Bought
1s' Of &zHzzZx
Timber Land, Act June 3, 1878.
Notice for Publication.

United States Land Office, Occur d. Alene,
Idaho, November Is, 1899.
Notice is hereby given that in compliance
with the provisions of the act of congress OF
June 3, 1878, entitled "An act for the sale of
timber lands IN the states of California, Oregon,
Nevada, and Washington Territory extend
ed to all the Public Land States by act of August
L. 1892.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30
LEAVES
DAILY.
SPOKANE
TIME SCHEDULES.
Effective December /.

LOO no % Oh n ~
DAILY. TIME SCHEDULES.
Effective December l.
Local Mail-For Occur
d. Alene, Farming,
ton Colfax, Pull
man, Moscow, Pom
eroy, Walla Walla
$40 m. and Pendleton.
Local Maii-From San
Francisco. Portland
Walla Walla. Day
ton, Colfax,
and Pennington
Garfield.
Fast Mail-For Mos
COW Pullman, Day
tom Walla Walla
Portland San Fran
cisco, Baker city,
4.3O p. N. and the east.
Fast Mail rom
Baker City, Pendle-
ton, Walla Walla,
Day ton, Colfax,
Moscow, Occur d.
lene, and the east.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30

MIR. G. w. Dawson and family
move to the section house at
Thompson soon. Mr.. Dawson is
the section foreman at that place.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30

H. A. JACKSON, G. p. & F. A.
Spokane, Washington
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30

Smoke the Celebrated Com
mander's Club Cigars.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-12-30

Close connections at Nelson with steamers for
Kssl and all Kootenai Lake points.
Passengers for Kettle River and boundary
Creek connect at Marcus with Stage daily
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22

pretty poor pickings some days. l
had to go into the business. L had
good trade-but, l don't know-I
couldn't keep up with the smarter men
and so | looked around for something
else and found rag-piclling. You see,
| don't need much. All l care for is
my chops and bed to sleep in-that
doesn't cost much, you know. Take 1t
when l work l can make three or four
dollars week. But 1 don't need much.
If man has his bed and his chops,
that's enough, isn't it?
But all the rag-pickers are not so
easy-going as this old colored man.
Some of them have the everlasting
hustle" in them, but most of all the
persistency and the saving qualities of
the Italian race, the race that is driving
from the rag-picking field at least such
workers as this colored man, who stays
at home when it rains and picks rags
when the sun shines-or when he feels
like it. These tireless, sleepless Italians
are out when the first streak of dawn
appears, and they stay out till the dusk
has fallen. A junk dealer is responsible
for the assertion that some of the rag
pickers make from 10 to 20 dolla
apiece each week, and some families
have been known to clear as much as
80 dollars.
The rag and old iron industry ds much
more extensive than many would be-
lieve. 1t has been reduced to business
principles. Men and women have been
| trained in it from childhood until they
have become experts. 1t is not an un-
common sight to see children of five
and six years searching in the streets
and back alleys for the discarded things
that they have been taught to look upon
as valuable. With paper at 25 cents a
hundred pounds, rags one-half to one
cent a pound, beer bottles four cents
dozen, and wine bottles penny
apiece, the cast-off things in the car
bage box begin to take on the look of
money.
And, after all, what is value? The
diamond that sparkles on the fair hand
of the princess and the bit of colored
glass in the strong fingers of the black
savage are equally priced. The old beer
bottles, the rags and the scraps of rusty
iron have their placestiRthe markets of
the world. w
FREDERICK BOYD STEVENSON.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
WILL NOT MAKE THE RUN.
Gen. II. A. AIger Announces His with
drawnl from the Candidacy for
United States Senator.

Detroit, Mich, Sept. 19.-Gen. R. A.
Alger Monday gave out letter written
by himself in New York, September 8,
in which he announces his withdrawal
from the candidacy for United States
senator. The letter follows:
THE Waldorf-Astoria, New York, Sept
s, 1S99.-My Dear Mr.. Judson: After care
full consideration 1 have decided not 10 be
q candidate for the United States senate.
My reasons for this determination are per-
sonal and of a business nature. 1 fully APP
precate and thank you and my many other
friends who offered support and hope to
be able in the future to show my gratitude
for all that has been done for me by the
people of our state. am. my dear sir, sin.
cerely yours,
ar. A. ALGER.
"aon. VIM. Judson, Ann Arbor, Mich"
Gen. Alger declined 20 say anything
further concerning his withdrawal than
was contained in the letter.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
DEATH CALLS HIM.
Charles A. PiIIsbury, the Famous
Miller, Passes Awny Mt His
Home In Minneapolis.

Minneapolis, Mimi, Sept. 1s.-Charles
A. Pillsbury, the well-known miller,
died in this city Sunday afternoon at
five o'clock.
[Charles Alfred Pillsbury was born at
Warner, Merrimac county. New Hamp-
shire, October 3, 1S42. He graduated from
Dartmouth college at the age of q, having
partly supported himself by teaching. For
six years later he engaged in mercantile
pursuits in Montreal and September IL,
1866. he married Miss Mary A Stinson, of
Goffstown, n. H. After coming to Mime
apolis in 1869 Mr. Pillsbury bought an in
terest in small flour mill at ST. Anthony
Falls. He applied himself to learn the
business and within the next few years made
great improvements in milling and the
Pillsbury mills enjoyed great prosper
ity. His father, George A. Plllsbury; his
uncle, John S. Pillsbury, and brother, F. c.
Pillsbury, were admitted to the firm, which
continued as Charles A. Pillsbury & Co.
until the acquisition of the property by the
English syndicate in 1890. Pillsbury "B, -
Anchor, Empire, Excelsior mills were add
ed to the original. A system of elevators
was purchased in connection with the mills.
His "A" mill. capacity 1000 barrels per day,
is said 20 have been the largest mill in the
world. In 1890 Mr.. Pillsbury retired from
the conduct of his vast milling interests
He remained as the manager of the prop
erty for some time. But his health failing
he retired from the active management
about IS months ago. He then made an ex-
tensivc European trip, returning home last
| spring. He retained his dictatorship in the
| company. Mr.. Pillsbury declined the
unanimous nomination by his party for the
| office of mayor. The only public office he
| has ever held was that of state senator fol-
| the ten years beginning January !, lSH.l
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
WEALTH IN GARBAGE
The Rag Pickers of Chicago and
Their Peculiar Trade.
Thcy Make n Living Out of what 9TH
ers Throw Awny-Some Even
Manage to Accumulate Con-
siderable Property.
[snecinl Chlcngo Letter.l

Twenty thousand people make liv-
eng in Chicago by gathering old bot
ties, rags and iron. At almost every
hour in the day one can hear the
cry: rags, old iron; rags, old
iron!" Delving in the garbage boxes,
peering beneath the sidewalks, reach
ing into the roadways with their sharp
hooks, seeking, ever seeking, the bits
of rags, the scraps of paper, the pieces
of old iron or the stray bottles, men,
women and children may be seen day by
day. Among the cast-off things, among
tlgAthings that their brethren higher
up In the sale of civilization have de-
creed useless they are fighting for an
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22

keener competitors. So it is as much OF
business as selling wheat or doing
anything that requires business meth
ods and training.
The rag-pclSers come from all ranks
in life, but the prevailing nationality is
Italian. In fact, they have nearly a
| monopoly Of the business in Chicago.
And they are very jealous of any en-
croachments in the field from those of
another nationality. Not long ago the
Italians are said to have gone so far sto
have organized secret society to keep
all who did not belong to it out of the
rag-picliing business. 1t has been
charged that the society was sort of
Malta organization, and that it would
not be well for an outsider to have the
"ban' placed upon him.
But despite these rumors there are
still some who are not Italians engaged
in picking rags. Among them is an
old colored man who makes his home
on the west side. Although over 20
years of age, he is straight as an arrow
except when bending beneath the bur-
den of his heavy sack His skin is cop
per colored and he has more the appear
ance of an Indian than negro. No
one would surmise that he was as old
as he is, for the beard about his face
is Just beginning to turn gray.
The other evening he came into a
Junk shop on West Madison street and
deposited his well-filled sack on the
floor. Then he reached in the back
and commenced to draw forth his treas
ures. He had II bottles-pop, beer and
wine bottles predominating. He was
too old in the business to take bottles
used for hair oil and such things, for
he knew they would not sell. Then he
took out 20 pounds of rags.
The junk dealers wife looked over the
articles carefully and when she had
satisfied herself with the examination
she said:
Seventeen cents"
The rag-picker nodded acquiescence
and as the pennies were counted out to
him remarked:
81 owed you three cents from the last
night for the money you advanced to
me-"
"Oh, that is all right, Mr.. Harris,
said the junk Dealers wife with the
greatest politeness. 'If you don't want
10 pay it now, let it 60"
mo, I'll keep it square," said the old
man, and turning he said by way OF
explanations: you see, these people
let me have a little money when l need
it. Does rag picking pay? Well, it is
the only way L can make living.
have been doing it for 40 years now
Forty years, sir. That's good, long
time. When 1 started in there were nj
others in the business, but then, yol
see, there wasn't quite so much to picl
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22

cust-off bottles and the like. We kept
right at it and we saved every cent we
could. Pretty soon had enough to buy
a horse and wagon. Then it came a lit
lie easier. Then / got another rig and
hired man to work for me. In that
way, you see, ! made money off of what
he made. Soon after that | started a
little junk shop of my own, and bought
stuff from the rag-pickers and sold il at
a profit. Fina | saw there was II de-
mapd for secondhand furniture and
household goods and rwent into that"
There are something like 300 junk
shops in Chicago where the rag-pickers
may sell their wares. A schedule of
prices is arranged and is closely ad-
hered to. If junk shop dealer does not
keep posted in the prices he will soon
find himself out of business. If he does
not pay as high price as he ought to
the rag -pickers will not sell to him, and
if he pays too much they will crowd in
on him till he is loaded up and forced
to the wall by his lower-priced and
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22

existence. A nest of pop bottles is
treasure trove and the remnants of
time-worn stove are Klondike gold
mine.
Yet, no matter how high or how low
the scale, the members of the human
family are much the same. The stock
broker watches the rise or the fall OF
the railway shares, and the speculator
in the wheat-pit notes the price of
cereals. So the rag-picker will squint
his shrewd eyes if you offer him an
eighth of cent less for his rags than
the market warrants and shake his
head with the decision of millionaire
trader. They all have the same thing
in sight-the dollar.
The lines are as finely drawn among
the rag-pickers of Chicago as they are
in any class of society. The aristocrat-
ic rag-picker owns his own horse and
wagon. 1t may be rickety wagon,
but il is wagon; and it may be very
bony horse, but it is horse. 1t gives
him rank and he looks down with con-
tempt on the more unfortunate folk
who are poking around on foot. The
one with horse has an assistant-gen-
orally his wife-who gathers up the
odds and ends. The others go around
with baskets and bags and do the best
they can.
The secret of a rag-picker's success is
persistency. The remuneration is small
for the work, and it requires an enor-
nous amount of rags, bottles, paper
and iron to make small showing in
money. But there are men who have
risen from this great army of grovel-
ing plodders until they own establish
ments of their own and buy from the
men with whom they formerly worked
side by side in the ALLEYS. 1t is the old
story of the six men left on n desert
island with an equal amount of money
and one having it all within year told
over again. The thrifty one saves pen
ny by penny and finally makes profit
on the work of his fellows.
"You see, it's just like this" said one
of the rag sellers, who is running {
secondhand store in connection will
his junk shop; ''it's just like this: My
wife and began ten years ago picking
up things in the alleys. We got bags
full of paper and rags, and old iron ant
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
TO select wIIlard Statue.

Springfield, H., Sept. 1s.-The Hill
nois Legislature appropriated $4,000 for
a heroic statue of the late Frances e.
Willard, to be placed in National statu-
AIRY hall, Washington, d. c., and pro-
vided for the appointment of commits
sion to purchase the statue. Gov. Tan
ner has appointed the following per-
sons as commissioners: Anna E. Cor
don, Evanston; Mrs. Mary e. Metzgar,
Moline; John j. Mitchell, Chicago; w.
Il. Jewell, Danville; Mrs. S. NJ. d. Fry,
Chicago.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
VIII Meet I'm Columbus.

Philadelphia, Sept. 19.-The execu-
tive committee of the National Munich
pal league has accepted the invitation
of the Ohio state board of commerce
and the Columbus board of trade to
hold the next meeting of the league
in Columbus on November 1917. This
meeting of the league will be an i'm
portant one, because the committee on
municipal progress will make its final
report at this time.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
WIN Live in England.

London, Sept. 19.-It is reported that
Maitre Labor and Nine. Dreyfus visit
ed Folkestone, five miles from Dover,
Saturday, and engaged apartments,
where Nine. Drcyfus and her children
will dwell in the event of her husbands
pardon. NJ. Labori is reported to have
been much affected by the kindly ex-
pressions toward himself and Mime,
Dreyfus while at Folkestone.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
only Way 20 DO II,

81 am writing an article" he said, "on
The Way to Manage a Woman
II suppose it will,be a long one" she
replied, in slightly scornful tone.
NO" he answered; "it will be quite
short. In fact, it will consist of only
two words-'Dont try!''
Then she knew him to be a man OF
sense and experience, In spite of his an
parent youth,--Chicago Post.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
VIII Continue the strike.

Cleveland, o., Sept, 1S.-At a meeting
of the striking street railroad men Sun
day night it was decided by unani-
nous vote to continue the strike. Four
hundred strikers were present, and
speeches were made in which victory
was predicted. The question was de-
cided by rising vote, every man pres
ent standing up. s,t.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
Many proHrned.

ST. Johns, N. f., Sept. 10.-Reports re-
ceived add 16 lives to the death roll re-
sulting from Thursdays hurricane.
The schooner Angler went down in Pla-
centia bay with five men; the schooner
Lily May was driven ashore on Mis-
taken point, with n loss of seven men,
and the schooner Daisy lost Gne man
overheard and subsequently ha u boat
capsized, drowning three.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
Killed by an Omcer.

Watertown, Wis.,, Sept. 1s.-Gustaye
Dumke was shot and killed late Sun
day night by Policeman Lucius Brueg-
ger, in self defense. Dumke was one OF
a disorderly crowd. The policeman de-
manded order, whereupon he was as
saulted with coupling pin. Bruegger
is in precarious condition and will
probably die,
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
Man ond wire Killed.

Camden, N. j., Sept. 1S.-Charles
Holmes and wife (colored), of Jordan
town, were killed by West Jersey rail
road train near Collinwood. They were
crossing the track in wagon.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22

Key West, Fla, Sept. 1s.--The ply
sicians made no reports Sunday, but
great many cases of yellow fever are
known to have occurred in the past
"a hours, and -one-death.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22
old Circus Man Dead.

New York, Sept. 19.-Iames M. Nix.
on, once well known as proprietor of q
travelling circus, is dead in this city
aged 80 years.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1899-09-22

Hong Kong, Sept. 10.-Twenty dea tbs
from the bubonic plague took place
here last week. Eighteen new cases
have been officially reported.