Arizona republican., 1899-10-16
PERU AND HER MINERALS.
Paper Read By Manuel Elguera at Salt
 Lake Mining Congress.
Concluded from Yesterday0

Concluded from YeSterday)
 As a result of these geological
 changes it transpires that Peru is the
 richest territory of the earth in it's
 mineral deposits. The coast is rich in
 petroleum, silver gold, copper. coal,
 sulphur, salt, nitrate, lime (carbonate
 and gypsum), magnesia, alum and bo-
 rax. The sierra is undoubtedly the re- zion of greatest wealth in minerals and
 precious metals; for there are found in greatest abundance, and of large range,
 silver, gold, copper, lead, cobalt, cin- nabar. antimony, coal, salt iron, nickel, marble, arsenic, sulphur, alum and pe-
 troleum. In the montana gold wash
 ings and gold mining are the special features; there also are found emer- aids, rubies, turquoises and diamonds, the jewels with which the Incas adorn- ed their persons
 Gold is found in every part of Peru. In the maritime Andes. where the rocks are of a crystalline character, gold is found in veins of quartz, which are in truded into the granite and syenite. This auriferous quartz is accompanied by oxide of iron and mica, which pre- sent very considerable variations It is also often accompanied by ether minerals, as carbonate of lime Of a laminar structure, and limonite of resinous appearance. It is sometimes discerned in copper minerals and in those mixed with chalk, copper pyrites, malachite, alacamite and silicate Of copper. In the aqueous deposits of the sierra veins of gold are found not only in crystalline earths, but also in meta morphic rocks, such as quartzite and slaty schist, intruding themselves into the sedimentary and eruptive forma- tions In these veins the gold is in pure state as we'll as in pyrites, sul- phuret of iron and other metallic sul- phurets, more or less auriferous, cop per pyrites, panabase, bournonite, ga lena, jamesonite, etc. In all the An dean ranges gold is found in veins and threads, and in the alluvial districts of the puma, in flakes and grains, deposits known in the language of the coun- try as 'rebosaderos' (overf1ow pockets), 'aventaderos (wind drifts), and lava deros' (washings). In the montana gold is usually found in the quartz veins injected into tale and clay slate by the upheaval of crystalline rocks. This quartz is white, though occasion ally exhibiting oxide of iron, but not | in the same abundance as the coast | districts It sometimes shows grains i of mispickel or arSenical pyrlteS. In l the valleys of some of the streams at l the head of the Amazon a great many l nuggets have been found.
 "Silver mining was the greatest in ] dustry of Peru. Like copper, it is 1 found in it's greatest abundance in the I maritime Andes.
 Lead is of course a profitable 1n- | dustry where there is so much silver ! of enough to pay all the expenses of min ing.
 Cooper is found in Cajamarca and i Recuay, Lambayegue and many other i places. Cinnabar exists in the sierra, ! in HuancaVelica, Ayacuho, Puno and i Piura Tin is found in the gold depos- it's of Peru Enormous beds of sul- phur of extraordinary richness, analyz- ing 99 per cent in purity, is found at Tumbez in the northern borders of the republic, and at Arequipa and Muque- nua in the south. Gypsum is found all ,ver. the coast desert of the northern of Peru. Limestone is found all over the country. Coal is dis trfbuted generously in the coast range and in the sierra. Salt is an important article of commerce and exportation. has been mined for more than a century in the reglon or ALno- tape. on the Rio Chira- Petroleum bids fair to be a source of immense wealth in Peru, compensating for the loss of her guano and nitrate deposits
 50 far as yet investigated, the petro- leum beds of Piura cover an area or s6.OOO square miles; but. however, as there is an area of 3O,OOO square miles of precisely the same geological char acter. it is easy to believe that petro- leum will be found under that entire area. In the southern part of the de- ;,artment near Sechura, petroleum IS found with natural as.''-Mining and Journal
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