The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-12
an era Of telephon. toll REDUCTIONS, nowhere

an era Of telephone toll reductions. nowhere
charging more than one.half the Bell rates.
Improvements in INSTRUMENTS and service, a:
well as 10 give reductions in charges What
these cOmpanIes row need re-, TO PIT them
TO have N tneRIr1 local Sl'n' sxghaSses con- ON
Tor the latter PURPOSE. It is asserted. that the
new Continental Telegraph. Telephone and
ssc Company has been W3ScHrpSra'fd IN NoT
Widcner. William H. Eliins and their friends.
foreseeing the danger to thsir business IN
began the present suit Against the N9ttonal
Telephone Manufacturing Company oil boston
n august. 1875. a!lcgisg INFRINGEMENT Of The
Berliner patent. This concern appealed Tor
help to the independent manufacturers and
telephone, companies and an association was
whole strength OF both sides will therefore be
pittcd against ench other in this case The de-
Hyes sets .p Two one H. ,a N .hs
not novel. having been Anticipated in the in
yentions Of Others. and the other is that the
en-, taken out hv porlinsr Lmsgli
The telephone was named by Wheatstone in
$40. but his name spp,'at only to the com
hiuations OF strings and vibrating bars or
membrane which ttpnsmit The sound Of the
voice Ivy direct vibrations. Philip Refs. whoss
earlier inventions are asserted to have enbod-
led the principal Of tho Hcrlincr pat
emit published accounts OF his ex.
q .o"mas in i G' With s'G,'G" maGs 81
vibrating membrane which carried metal
point that Alternately made and broke an cleo
ceivcr was a knitting needle enclosed In u
helix Of wire and tho whole enclosed in n
rent the knitting nsedlc gave off u sound
which formed into singing tones the notes
q which ,depended upon III. rnridity OF
the vibrations produced by the voice on
this membrane Of the trunsmittsr He after
ward made more perfect Instruments on this
principle and IL is asserted that these trans
mittpI
Vibrations which give character 10 the human
TN. and that this was due 70 th"rrry rr,ncinie
thoHeh leis was not aware OF what his device
ton dependent upon the discovery that IL an
armnturs . moved back an forth IN front OF
,x"d maGnet r,%i,rc uHrrG h r 81, m,TeEeh,
wire cooled about the magnet Ill, original
ins'rumen! was mad" in this wavi using a
straight Tar magnet with spool ot wire
around ono end and - diaphragm OF ierrotype
plats liked in front OF H. whsr" IT. could
nrrature The currents thu. produced wers
other cad o. the line. which acted as y receiver.
tion II, the induced currents. This telennone
instrument with improvements IN detail. is
Tue sending power Of TN. Telephone was.
however. very weak. Early In 1877, or per-
bars before. il was announced by Bsr.iner that
could be produced bv having the Diaphragm
touch globe of meta and ua.sing an
el-ctric current from a battery through the
diaphragm and globe and thence eyer
current. he found. would vary. in character
with each variation ofprcssure. due to The ten.
dency TO vibrats in response TO tho voice. and
would thus record. not only the main tones OF
the voice but also the over tones which give
IL character. This sams principle was
time by Prof Hueh.s who called the
device for using It a microphonA, because u
maculled sounds. Pro' Hughes u.oiastrin
ot rurhon with shnrrCned points s"' in metal
cup. a. either end and attached To a board to
PASS his current through and II fly walking on
tn. board could he heard di-tinctlv in a tHis-
phone at the other end OF tho Inc. Edison Don
made "A telrrhune trnnsmittsr, on the micro
phone rrincipls. using soft carbon. pressed
against metal for the srn-tiV" par. \ later
development ~ the idea was to Use two pieces
81 hard carbon. ora attached To The hncf ~ thu
diaphragm that ~ take against aud the other
TO wire hack Of tbs and the e.u'-
t-lral connection IA kept .un 'hrull h
separate bits or grains OF carbon n.linG
the space between them. Subject 10 many
variations in detail. this Is the trans
IN tier now IN use everywhere In this country.
Many attempts hAN- hAsn mae 70 proiuca "A
trau-mitter a. 200 not on tho Bcr.iner princ-
pie. and IL is asserted that some OF these Nrs
Succnsses. but II Ia n fact that none o. them
has yet come into uSo.