The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-12-24

eide. This tragedy was uncnlled for and would
never have occurred had the manager not lost
ms mead at the moment when an explanation OF
the circumstances YVES Necessary to number
Of people extremely dull Of comprehension and
nj a critical iuncture, The incident was, however,
reported far and wide in much distorted versions,
nno 10, tine ssme,hing IKE InTic was created
oommunitiea The total number of killed on both
sides 81 the combntants during the revolution
when I, is considered that the struggle extended
over period Of more than twelve montbs
accurate &C, ne statistics Of The population Of Bolivia
generally accepted number of inhabitants is
SIND. This total Is divided into $50 600 whites
1poooo half-castcs and 900 900 domesicatcd
saaoS Iom !: s5c sS maj seri n IL
md md ths basin ot the Amazon and its continents
ere,t;r, numbcr Of The inhnbitants talk Ayma ara
Or onichua 81. former in the north near the great
o nj y ,ss Isr 2eT in ss S1uh
the midst .of n district where Aymara is spoken
a village y met with where Quichun is the Ian
section, This anomaly is a relic Of the nneien,
Inca rule, and results from the custom formerly
ties 20 distant regions as punishment, Tor sediticn
nEsns' the Inca dynasty. -, The phncin,l towns
DrIc With m Pc, S moo 90
Sucre with Is ooo. Potosi with s.0oo Tarija with
I.OOO and SAINT, Cruz with population Of be-
For rough purposes Of toporr aphical division
Bolivia may be seid 90 consist Of three zones
The higher plateau lying at an elevation Of from
10 600 TO 5000 feet above see level contains tho
PRINCIPAL deposit ~ mineral wealth. In this
zone the climate is cold. the mean annual tempcrn.
petual snow line commences AT about IL 900 feet
and cold winds are common the year round In
thi s nprer nntcau IS Lake tt icaca at hrigh, Of
rcnlentshcd by the melting snow from the sur
,onndinS country Within sigh, Of this great
lax" is the towering Sor"'n and the magnificent
pyramih-shnpcd mountain of Ylinmani. the snow
capped summit ~ this giant peak NJ the Andes
being. visible at distance " some sixty miles
and forming the most noted landmark in this
sectinn of Bolivian territory. The second znns
comprises the ynllcyslving at an elevation OF from
Ihrsc lands are Inncratc in places semi.trorical
n others is IN this division that cocoa. coffee
nrc produced 60 supply the needs III cnnsimr,in,
The tNirh zone contains the teri tories below 900
feet which slope t. the eastward toward the Anna.
ron aud the rivers Paraguay and parana In
these regions the characteristic feature is dense
underground and heavy tropical forest the greater
portion ot this section being still practically
uncNplored. except in regard to few Of the most
prominent waterways
All economic rtiyrcss h,s been retarded by
the unsettled political conditions ~ the twenty
years and the isolated position pi Bolivia with
regard To the outside world Education is in a
IN charge Of IN" municipalities and is nnnlinnl,y
free and ohlig The Indifference ~ all
clssSes OF the population g. this subject makes,
however, the clause concerning compulsory at
tendarc" u deaf letter In 1897. there were 3sS
primary schools on which the various municipal
tiles expended the sum 81 1879 jsB boliyianos.
silver coin worth about 10 cents in United
States currency In addition 20 these public
schools there were i2l .priynr primary schools
Of 58s educational establishments, the number
Of pupils attending being returned at 80 900
In 1872, secondary instruction was provided for
by colleges. 5 institutions under the supervision
oi thr hurCh. ANA private lycrunIs, IN" number
Of teachers cmployrd in thcsc Il establishments
being 81: and tie total Of students under insiruc
ton 2,O6I For higher education there are q
universities AT " which medical science is taught
In the clerical institutions the number Of thcn.
logical students In 1897 was li6. The total mum
her of students nj the universities In 1898 WIS
jO0. There Is also military college with "a
and trades have been established at different
: hnts hy the SHl~sian Mission the members Of
this order imparung To thos" under instruction
knowledge oi the ordinary mcChanicH! crafts
II - not \ matter tor surp-i-r ~ view - the
backward coniiinn OF education - find that tue
administration ut justice is corrupt and inefficient
in all branches ~ the judiciary. The judicial
power vested IN supreur court Sdlstrict courts
and number of minor lural courts presided over
by magistrates he system Of Bolivian leg al
machinery ~ based on Spanish law In practice
it II diiaiJry In the extreme and litigation ~ in
variaGly found u be costly and unsausfa factory
unless POLITICAL influence can ne brought To- bear
- expedite matters, Matchmaking. especially
IN regard 10 mining claims, - of common occur
renee, nnd IN the majority oi ca$'s II Is found -
be more satisfactory to make an arrangement
by a cash payment than tn allow such Affairs to
go into court no matter what may nc thu merits
OF the action. The criminal and civil law Is cndi.
hea and proErl! and imparunlly administered
would meet all the real needs 81 the inh abtGnts
unfortunately. tIsimphrtlaliiy stacking Ia every
sense al the word
Agriculture makes slow progress in Bolivia
In the lands 81 the upper plateau surrounding
"a Par and Druru barley ~ grown and, pptat04s
sown TO q considerable" extent but thu yield Is
poor. on account 81 IN" very tnh0Spitnhlr nature
Ui tn" ciIht" and tie constant fruStS which occur
at night during the summer season III" grain
produced ~ utilized for food purposes and the
straw for fodder The potatoes are parity con.
sum-d IN a fresh STATE. and, partly. FROZEN and
then allowed to dry. This condition Of tn" tub~r
is designated as cirHo, and ~ largely USED
food by the Indian population. In the valleys
mar" and cocoa are cultivated th"s" two articles
forming the principal food products of the IN
habitants throughout Bolivia With a li,tl-
rHUnO, some coarse barley or maze meal. md q
supply ri coca 10 chew for the purpose II staving
off the cravings OF hunger, most families exist
IN what is 20 them comparative 4 grrr Of com
for, thu year round Mica, is considered a luxury.
more wealthy cassrs at the higher attitudes. In
the valleys an abundance "f semi tropical fruit
forms the staple die, OF ia" People On the plains
TO the south cattle are fairly plentiful and meat
as an everyday food is commonly u.rd. In some
Of the lower lands, especially in the YunGas Val.
ley the cultivation Of coffee and cocoa as well
as coca IL regularly carried on and these prod.
uctS have a high nam. for excellence Of qunIity.
Smsn shi p nents Of both coffee and cocoa are regu.
larry made a. Chm and occ ionally also to Argen-
tina; hut the amount exported To the latter market
has decreased Of recent years A certain guam.
tttv OF sugar cane ~ Also grown IN Inc valleys,
but ~ almost exclusively used for diStiiing pur-
poses, tn" amount Of sugar manufactured being
extremely limivd.
Mining cnt'rpra" forms the main industry Of
Bolivia. and he's done ever since the Spa nsh
conquest. According to the ancient records 81
tho Royal Mint ~ Pptoe no less than 20 600 900
in value was shipped in the form u gold and silver
bullion 10 Spain between the date of the Spanish
occupation and the time when Bolivia becamo
an Independent STATE. The disturbed Internal
conditions existing during tho present century
have prevented the development Of the mining
industry In anything approaching the degree
that the mineral deposits would appear to Justify.
Silver mining has, however. been carried on to
very considerable extent tho Huanchaca Com
panv exporting an annual average output OF
b 600 900 ounces between 1902 and 1897, Tho
export Of this inning venture has fallen of of late
owing TO the principal workings bring flooded
with hot watcr and no adequate means having
yet been devised to overcome this obstacle. The
mines at Col1uechaco produce annually about
$50 900 ounces, those at Oruro 800 900, Guada-
lOup~ $50 600 POtosi $50 600 and other districts
som~ q 900 900 ounces. In 1895 tho total output
Of silver was returned as 45l9, 296 ounces, and
In 1893 the estimated amount was slightly under
10 600 600 ounces, the fallinC.oH being due TO
continued low prices for the metal lack Of labOrrrs
becau OF the revolution, and tho smaller amount
Of work done on the Huanchaca properties.
Tin mining Ia steadily making progress IN
Bolivia, especially in the tyuni district and the
1T 1as,a- h.