davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
KANSAS POPULIST BLUNDER.
Passed a Railroad Bill That Cannot
BE Enforced.

Topeka, Kan, Jan. 2.-The Populist
leaders of Kansas are confronted by a
serious problem. Both branches of the
legislature have passed a railroad bill
which railroad attorneys declare is not
worth the paper it is written on. 1t was
announced today that Governor Leedy
had signed the bill. but it turns out that
he went home to Lawrence without do
ing So and that his failure TO approve il
is prompted by a desire to confer with
the steering committee with a view to a
change in the bill and its re-enactment,
under a suspension of the rules.
The constitution gives the governor
power to assemble the legislature in eX-
traOrdinary session when a grave emery
ency demands it. The emergency set
forth in Governor Leedy's call was the
necessity of railroad legislation. Now,
the legislature has passed a bill which
does not meet this emergency" until the
first Monday in April next. and one
month after a regular session of the leg
islature shall have adjourned.
The railroads intend TO go into the
courts and fight the new law on this
ground and have announced that they
Will carry the. matter TO the supreme
court of the United States. They will
contend that no emergency exists and
that if it did exist the new law should
have been made operative at once. The
railroads Will also contend on the
grounds that the title is not broad enough
to cover its purposes.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
COAL SHAFT ABLAZE.
Panic Among the Miners, But All
Were Rescued. sE;ElFEM

Carlinvilie. Ills. Jan. 1.-The shaft of
the Carlinvilie Coal company caught fire
today by a can of lubricating oil being
heated on stove in the top of the tipple.
A strong southwest wind famed the
flames to all parts of the wooden build
ings. which cover an acre of ground rho
fire company was powerless. as there was
no water in the mains
The burning timbers and fired coal
tumbled down in the shaft One hundred
men were entombed below. The air shaft
engine being seldom used. refused to
work, A panic enSued below. where the
air had eXtinguished the flames of the
lamps, leaving the men in total darkness.
They were scattered over a radius of
three miles. A scene indescribab HE took
place on top among the women. mothers
daughters and sweethearts of the victims
The men We're finally released from the
mine unframed. The loss will aggregate
$4,000; 5000 Insurance.
Owing to recent trouble between en-
ployees and employers the works may not
be rebuilt. -O'
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03

1890. The total number of coins made
was 100. 25S. 4SS. valued at $27, 654, ASP. The
gold coined was 170,470 double eagles.
81, 129 eagles, $50, 495 half eagles and
"a 100 quarter eagles, with a total value
of s14, 759, PSI.
The total silver coinage was 1854. 735
dollars, 2,956,735 half dollars. II, 100. 1856
quarters and 1920. 7S5 dimes, a total
valuation of $11,770, 1885,
There We're 12.5S2,OS7 nickels and 49,
S2S,OI9 cents coined. There were also
coined 511,S73 pesos for the government
of San Domingo, and orders for 200, 900
more of these coins have been received.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
DENVER WOMEN BURNED.
State Employees Seriously Injured By
Gas Explosion.

Denver, Colo, Jan. Miss Nettie
Ziegler. clerk to the state board of hor-
ticulture, was probably fatally burned
today by an explosion of gas at the
capitol. Mrs. Martha A. Shute, secre-
tary of the board was also seve. ely
burned. The two women ran screaming
from the building, with their clothes and
hair afire- NJ. S. Crawford, who was
passing, eXtinguished the flames and
in so doing sustained severe burns. Gas
had been escaping in a vault and the
explosion was caused by striking a
match. The capitol was not much dam
aged.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
New Fast Mail From New York to
Frisco.
IT'S INITIAL TRIP BEGUN
THE SPEEDIEST LONG DISTANCE
TRAIN IN THE WORLD.
Oregon Short Lines New Time Card
In Effect Tomorrow Morning
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy's
New Fast Mail Makes a Phenom-
email Run of Ninety Miles An Hour

Cleveland, o., Jan 2-The new fast
mail train between New York and San
Francisco, which is to be the fastest
long-distance regular train in the
world, and which left New York at 8
O'Clock last evening, arrived here today
over the Lake Shore line before noon.
She pulled out of Buffalo 1 hour and 8
minutes late, of which 30 minutes was
made UP between that city and Cleve-
land. Buffalo to Erie, a distance of SO
miles, was made in SO minutes, includ-
ing two stops. Erie to Cleveland, dis
lance of IS miles, was covered in 104
minutes. including stops.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
HOTEL ARRIVALS.

At the Knutsford.-J. Z. Clarke, Chi
cago: A. P Hafner. New York; N p
Wallace Detroit; Joseph Alexander
Augusta; Mrs. Martin Mahnken, Mercur.
John J. Thonew. Portland; D. S. Scoville
Chicago; ]. r. Spellman. New York; r.
c. Stout, Chicago; G. NJ. McCune. Ogden
L. r. Rogers. ogden; Stephen F. Glitter
man, Chicago.
At the Kenyon.-D. A. Mcleod. Sanda.
y. c.; George d. Lunt. Chicago; r. c.
White and wife. T. r. Wolf and wife,
Miss Josephine Bateman, Delaware; John
P. Pennington, H. c. Pennington. Dover
Del; John Buckley. San Francisco; John
S. Lawson and wife, Chicago; H. D.
Sabine and wife, Ogden; d. McVicher,
Mercur; c. II. Moore, j. c. Fredell.
Huntington.
At the Cullen.-B. C. Van Bokkelen.
Chicago; n. NJ. Marvey. st. Paul: George
A. Finkley, Milwaukee; Thomas De
Lamar. 1ooele: Nels St Clair Ophir;
James Armstrong and wife. Ephraim; i.
b. Arthur. Jefferson; j. DAILY Tucker, r.
c. w: Denis c. Sullivan, Eureka; j. r.
Jensen. Mt. Pleasant; Edward Pike,
Eureka.
At the Walker.-J. A. Wright. Ogden:
Mrs. j. A. Gogarty, Ouray; q. II. Stein,
Chicago; Dean Durham kemmerer; D..
c. Harris. kemmerer; ole Larsen,
Ephraim; B. c. MOsley. Ogden; A. K.
Dryborough. Eureka; Harold Hendrick-
son. Levan; J. A. Simpson, Provo; A. l..
Heaston and wife. Bingham; b. f. Booth,
Bingham; Roy Mayne. Mercur.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
MARKET REPORTS.
Chicago Live Stock.

Chicago. Jan. 2.-Receipts-Hogs, 80, 900;
left over, 24O1. Market active and to 10c
higher. Light hogs 3.45Q3. 7715; mixed,
3.29@S.S5; heavy, 3.50Q3.S5; rough, $500
3.55; Workers, 80.
Cattle-Receints, 1O,5O0. Market steady
TO shade higher. Beeves. 4.OOai5. s.: cows
and heifers, 2.00G4.75; Texas steers, 3. 40
al. s.; stockers and feeders. 2.S5Gi5. 80.
Sheep-Receipts 1900. Market firm.
Native sheep, 2.75Gr4.25; western, 5000
Ais; lambs, 4.0065.35.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
Miners Did Not Assemble.

Pana. Ills. Jan. 2.-The reported mass
ing in Pana of 1000 union miners from
Centralia and southern Illinois towns to-
day for the purpose of driving out the
negro miners failed to materalize. Lieu
tenant Colonel Wells, in command of
three companies of the Fifth infantry.
who had received the report and asked
Governor Tanner for reinforcements
which were granted. has heavy provost
on duty and the gattling section ready for
any outbreak. He says he will allow no
massing of men in Pana.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
VICTORIA OPPOSES WAR.
Would Rather Die Than Witness Con.
iict With France.

Paris, Jan. 2.-The Journal has from a
person belonging to the suite of ex-Em-
press Eugene the statement that upon
the eve of her departure from England
in the early days of the Fashoda incident.
the ex-empress took leave of her majesty
Queen Victoria. When Eugene was
about to leave, the queen said: ''If war
should break out between France and
England l will ask God to allow me to
die before it occurs.
Three days later the secretary of the
ex-empress is said to have communicated
the words of the queen to the French
foreign office.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
Kansas City Live Stock.

Kansas City Jan. 2-Cattle-Receipts
5000 Market strong to 10c higher Native
steers, 3.O0G5. So; cows and heifers, 2.25Gp
AS; stockers and feeders, S.0J6l4.50; bulls,
2. 596I4. 90
Hogs-Receipts. 1000 Market strong to
&c higher Bulk of sales, S.25m3.70;
heavies, 3.4003.75 packers. 3.35G3 .65;
mixed, S.25q3.65; lights, 3.1OdS.5O; pigs,
2.75qS. S5.
Sheep-Receipts, 1900. Market firm
Lambs, S.25G5 90; muttons, 2.00q4.05.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
A House Divided Against Itself.

Warwick-So your Theasphical So
ciety has become extinct? 1 supposed it
was glorious success since one of your
members had discovered that he was the
reincarnation of Socrates.
Wickwire-Well. that was a great dis
covery for a common man to make, and
things went along very smoothly until
one of our lady members suddenly dis
covered that she was the reincarnat!On
of Xantippei
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
Railway Notes.

Charley Nelson, who for a number of
years was foreman of the yardmen at
the Omaha shops, has secured a posi-
ton as night Waterman of the shops at
Cheyenne.
Despite the storm which ragged all
through the west yesterday, ali trains
were on time.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
Underwood Accents.

Baltimore. Md, Jan. 1t was Off
cially announced at Baltimore & Ohio
headquarters today that F. Underwood,
general manager of the Minneapolis. st.
Paul & Sault Ste. Marie railroad, had
accepted the position of general man
ager of the Baltimore e Ohio.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
COINAGE AT PHILADELPHIA.
Fourteen Millions In Gold and Eleven
Millions In Silver.

Philadelphia, Jan. "A statement of
the coinage of the United States mint
in this city for the year 1898, given out
today, shows that the output for the
year just ended was the largest since
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
An Easy Discoverer.
(Euck.)

Weary Willy-Sir Isaac Newton was
lying under an apple tree, snoOzing, wen
an apple fell on his head and he dis
covered de great law NV gravitation.
Snipsey Butts-Yes. ! ting Sir Isaac
must have been very wise man from de
way he had of discovering things.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
3>-e----
An Unexpected Return.
Puck.)

Real Estate Mantle man who went
TO look at those lots in Swampvine came
back and said he couldn't locate the
property.
His Partner-,H'm. That accounts for
his coming back.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
They Often Are.

band? S
Landlord Pettyvilie Tavern (sourly)-It
is like a chilG--to be appreciated II
should be seen and not heard.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-03
Asking a Favor.

'If yer please mum. SANITY Claus can't
get into our room cause they amt no
chimIey. an ] want ter know if yer
won't hang up this stockin' when you re
a-hangin' up the childrens, an I'll call
in the mornin fer it"
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28

Thenumber of analyses of sugar beets
made by the New York agricultural ex-
pertinent station during the season of
1898 is 343 This number includes beets
grown under the direction of this sta
ton and from seed which is furnished;
also samples sent from the commissions
er of agriculture, representing beets
grown under the special care OF, his de-
partment. The results of this years
observations appear TO be fairly salts
factory. The average percentage OF
sugar in the beets as determined from
343 samples is 14.2, with a coefficent
of purity of So.
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28
AN ORIENTAL PEACH.
As n Singer of Monaghan Taffy This
yasaal Was u winner In
a Walk.

Her majesty, Isl An, empress Of China,
sat in her palace in the purple Forbidden
City, with her brow resting 1l her thumb
and her index finger pushed up through her
fringe. Rousing herself presently from her
profound absorption she beckoned to a wal.
nut.colored person plastered up against the
yellow silk tapestry.
"Un. Hung she said, "wherc is the en-
perorF
Dash your ignominious slave into mil.
lion atoms, oh, amethyst flower OF the
CELESTIAL kingdom he responded, lying
Hat on his chest before her. "but your slave
wotteth not"
"Wot?"
"No, most purple of our yellow lilies Of
the ngtsekiang, do not wot where the
emperor is
And this to me-"
Most beauteous descendant OF oil the
gods, your vile slave speaks but the truth,
though he lies here on his very stomach
lie wotteth no. where the emperor is.
Slave, dog, canine wretch, scum OF the
Yellow river, did not tell you what to do?"
Truly, most divine of all the gentle, pur.
pie peoples of Picking, and your slave did it
to the queens taste, so to speak"
aha, then he is dead I"
AS mackerel, 0, yellow anemone Of the
crystal sea-"
Why lest thou, knowing that he is
"How the dickens most marvellous Of
mandarin matrons, do know where he is!
I'm no fprtune teller"
"0ho, aha" smiled her majesty, again re.
lapsing into thought, bring on another
Cincinnati Enquirer.
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28
TRAFFIC HAMPERED.
Good Roads Sermons Taken ut Raw
dom from n Number of Illinois
Local Newspapers.

That the good roads fad" has more
OF foundation than have many of the
roads themselves, is apparent to any
one who is in position to read the pa
pers of the land. From the local papers
of single state Qllinois), where roads
are about as they are in many other
states--we CLEAN the following: At
Chanderville, THE roads are so rough
the doctors are taking the train when
they can to go 10 see their patients, and
when that is not convenient, they
walk" At Pleasantview "the warm
weather stopped the wood haulers.
owing TO bad roads" AT Jacksonville
a news agent announces that ION and
after January IS, the delivery of Sun
day papers will be discontinued on all
streets not paved, until the conditions
of the roads improve" At Plymouth
Coal is again in demand by many of
our people. The roads have been so
everlasting muddy, the hauers of coal
from the ridge could not get in with "A
load" A Bloomington paper says: I'm
most towns of central Illinois, grain
hauling is suspended until the roads
are better" etc.
Now,all of the foregoingwouldle lead one
10 infer that the good roads movement
has more back of it than "a mere hand
full of bicyclsts. who want farmers to
build good roads, so that cycling may
be enjoyed by those city fellows
1t is gratifying to know that even the
farmers are now looking at the question
in the right light, and are showing dis
position TO work hand in hand with
cyclists for the benefit and bettermen t
of all concerned,-Good Roads. -
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28
DOWN ON COLUMBUS.
IL He Had Not Discovered America
tho Spaniards Would Have
Had No Trouble.

One Of the mos. delightfully."- humorous as
poets of our late antagonists is their utter
absence of sense of humor. Some Amerl-
can Jester having predicted that when the
Spaniards got through with the war they
would repudiate Christopher Columbus Tor
having ever discovered America, the Madrid
journals are verifying the prediction by as
sorting with truly lberian prolundlty that
Cristobal Colon has turned out to be the
evil genius OF Spain.
1t is evident that if the old mariner had
been content with staying in the Mediter-
ranean and had not gone about botherlng
monarchs to furnish him the means of dis
covering the new world Spain would have
no colonies, and having none she could not
lose them. Its i'll taking the treeks OIL a
Helander," says the Scotch proverb, and by
the same logic, if it had not been for the
mischevous activity of Columbus Spain
would have been thoroughly guarded against
such disasters as have now befallen her,
But even upon the Spanish method Of
reasoning-that Columbus was at fault and
not the ages of plumber and cruelty which
have wiped out the Spanish ownership of
nearly half the world-our Madrid friends
forget that Columbus gave them three cen
turtles of squeezing the colonies that fol-
lowed his discoveries in South America, and
four in Cuba and Porto Rico Inasmuch as
Columbus was thrown into disfavor and
prison while he lived, we should say that
the balance between him and Spain was
still in his favor.-Pittsburgh Dispatch.
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28
THE HOTEL pl rENTATE.
One of tho Old sort Who Wore tho
Air of n Monarch of the
Highest order.

when | was in business with W. c.
Coup the famous circus man." said Mr.. j.
A. Whyte, the impresario I'VE once had
occasion to make business trip to the
northwest, and stayed week or 30 in a
certain big city, the name of which isn't
essential to tn story, We put up at the
leading hotel, which is one Of the finest and
best known in the United States, and would
have enjoyed ourselves if it hadn't been for
the head clerk. lie was one of breed that
has since become obsoete-thank heaven!-
a haughly, dsdainful potentate, who con.
sidered it beneath his dignity to show the.
slightest courtesy to any of the guests Of
the house. Mr.. Coup, as all who knew him
will confirm, was a polished man OF the
world, totally careless of money, never com
planning, but accustomed to .punctlious
service, lie bumped against the majestic
ruler Of the register several times and en-,
dured his afironts in silence. AT last he told
me quietly to secure quarters at another
hotel. which was only too glad to do, l
reported that arrangements had been made,
and he went down to settle our account:
What is our bill, Mr.. King| he asked
suavely. My names not King, snapped he
clerk, and proceeded to figure up the
amount, Coup took out his porketbook.
Strange he said pensively, but have
been under the impression all along that
your name was King We'll, my name amt
King retorted the clerk, and ] don't know
how you got that idea Nor ], said Coup,
unless it was because you act so much like
one. N O. Times. Democrat.
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28

Cauiihower ought TO receive a similar
treatment to cabbage, except that il re.
qures an extra rich soil, an occasional
application of liquid manure anG FREE
quent watering. especially when head
ing. Early sorts in his latitude are
luostIy sown in hot beds, transplantcd
once before setting in open ground. and
finally transplanted before the middle
of April in rich, deeply worked soil, two
feet by Is inches apart. Late sorts are
sown and cultivated like late cabbage
When heading tie the top leaves to-
gcther to protect from exposure TO the
sun
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28

BROAD TIRES ON CURVED SURFACE.
Is so soft that the broad-tired wagon
sinks into the ground to any consid'
cradle extent. the draft is so heavy
that hauling is almost impossible.
On roadbeds which have curved
surface, as shown IN the accompanying
illustration. broad tires are a disad.
vantage, as only the inner surface
touches the edge of the road, and the
leverage produces greater friction at
a than would be caused by the use Of
narrow tires. The wider the tire the
more friction, and the harder the load
pulls. This principle also applies to
roads that are full of stones and upon
roads which have frozen and uneven
surfaces. Roads which slope TO one
side or the other cause the same diff
Guilty. This applies to roads about a
farm, and where the land is billy the
objection is more pronounced. OF
course the increased leverage is not SO
perceptble unless the surface of the
ground is hard. Just how much differ.
ence in draft there is between wagons
with narrow tires and those with
broad on curved road surface has
never been accurately determined, but
II is considerable. - Orange Judd
Farmer.
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28
THE TIRE QUESTION.
This Writer Is of the Opinion That
the Brond Kind In Not Always
the More Desirable.

have noticed many articles favoring
the use of broad tires on the farm as
we'll as on the road, Many of these ar
ticles, fear, have been written by
people who use narrow tires and give
wide tires the preference, having never
tested both kinds carefully, ! have Il
neighbor who has made q fortune farm"
ing, but who is opposed TO the use of
broad tires. He says he has used both
for a long time and has finally decided
that the narrow tires are the best all
things considered. The broad tires are
all right for use on the farm, but when
the ground is so soft that the narrow
tires cannot be used it is not good prac-
tice to so on the fields with any kind
Of wagon. Then, too, when the ground
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28

What we dairymen should aim at is
to secure the best COWS we can. and try
testing each cows milk by churning
separately, and ascertain for sure
whether they pay for their keeping ard
give us little profit. We can be salts.
fled with a small profit, but cannot af-
ford TO keep cows at loss for the be-
negolent purpose Of supplying dairy
products to consumers at a low cost.
Excelsior should be the watchword,
and the poorer cows kept only until
their places can be filed by better
Wisconsin Agriculturist,
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28
STATE OF Quo, CRY or TOLEDO, ..

Frank j. Cheney makes oath that he is the
senior partner of the firm of +. j. Cheney
& Co., doing business in the city, Of Toledo;
firm will pay the sum OF One Hundred Dol
lars for each and every case of catarrh that
cannot be cured by the use of Halls Catarrh
Cure. FRANK j. CHENEY.
Sworn to before me and subscribed in my
presence, this 9th day of December, A. D..
1886. A. " GLEASON,
Seal Notary Public.
Halls Catarrh Cure is taken internally and
acts directly on the blood and mucous sur
faces Of the system. Send for testimonials,
free. +. j. CHENEY & Co, Toledo, o.
Sold by druggists, 75c
Halls Family Pills are the best
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28
Railroad Across the English Channel.

The English Parliament is considering the
plan of connecting that country with France
by railway. Engineers say roadbed can be
laid on the bottom OF the English channel,
and by mounting trestlework on wheels, SO
that it projects above the water, the railway
can be operated. This seems beyond belief,
but it is perhaps no more remarkable than
some of the cures accomplished by Hostel
ter's Stomach Bitters in bad cases Ct dys-
pepsia, indigestion and constipation. This is
an age of wonderful achievements.
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28
Crescent Hotel, Eureka Springs, Ar
L.

Opens February %. In the Ozark Noun
tains. Delightful climate. Beautiful scenery
Unequaed medicinal waters. Cheap ex-
cursion rates Through seepers via Frisco
Line. Address j o. Plank, Manager, Room
II, Arcade, Century Building, or Frisco
Ticket Office, No. lOl n. Broadway, st.
Louis, Mo.
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28

~AHS' A'Nith" "a gNbA
irregular menstruation
and leucorrhea. My
appetite was variable.
stomach sour and bowels
were not regular, and
was subject to pains like
collie during menstruation
/ wrote you and began to
take Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound and
used two packages of
Sanativc Wash. Youcan't
imagine my relief. My
courses are natural and
general healthimproved."
MRS. MAMIE ADKINS,
La Due, Mo-, writes:
DEAR Mrs. PINKHAM-
I feel it my duty to tell
you of the good your
Vegetable Compound has
done my daughter. She
suffered untold agony at
time of menstruation be-
fore takingyourm medicine;
but the Compound has
Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1899-04-28
scien tihc Note.

u see that distilled water is really poison.
ous," said the majah. THAT is what comes,
sah Of interfering with nature"
Right, sah," assented the colonel. INA.
tuah nevah intended the distllery, sab. to
be idlipg its time away on whtah, sah."-
Indianapolis Journal.