The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-01-08

| ner has acquired, after "a Ines WORK one
cannot HELM wondering Just how long
So VIII be before the g0riilas and chin
panzocs that hear the professor talk
viii stop remarklng 90 each other b q
HIS conversation ounds Ike the idiotic
| combinations Of words in foreign Lam
guagcs that are strung together az the
back of European guido books.
Professor Garner intends making an
| other trip 90 Africa-his third one, lie
had contemplated starting ON this oXpc-
dilon in May Of last year but tho war
made such a thing inadvisable. To
coach The place he has chosen for his fur
fher Investigations OF the monkey "a DO
/ ruagc he would have had TO pass
through Spanish territory and live under
tho protection of the French govern
mont, and at hat time tho French at
iltude was an unknown quantity.
Now. however. these difficulties do not
exist and the famous naturalist viii
start in May fer a. three years stay in
hts former camp on the shores of Lake
Farnanouza about JOB miles south Of the
I equator in western Africa. The specific
purpose of tho present expedition is TO
take n course in the language Of the
/ chimp8nzccs and the native pigmies.
According 90 Professor Garner. the
chimpanzco's dialect consists OF forty
words. 10 is advisable 20 speak OF their
/ language as "a dialect for Garner is
/ authority for the statement that each Of
the several varieties of the monkey
/ tribes of Africa have a language OF thor
own.
Iu his two previous visits as he laid
/ The foundations Of "a knowledge OF the
chimpanzeo dialect 1t seems probable that
at the end of the present three years
expedition he win have acquired a COM
I Slate. a...f.rnr af fNH fnnrHUU
The professor outfit is rather differ
emit from that of most explorers. ln ad-
dition To- the conventional outfit OF an
African explorer his kt contains q large
wire cage. "a number Of reed instruments
that are not unlike those which are
classsl by musicians when speaking OF an
orchestra as She "wo0d-wiud, and "a
T. p"honograph.
lays great stress and DE counts upon *
very heavily To- aid him in fixing the
sounds of the Slmian language.
The principal diappoiutmcnt Of the
/ last expedition 10 Professor Garner was
the absence of "a photograph which had
been promised him but which did not
I reach him before Doe plunged into the
[ wilderness. Ills steel cage. which i "a
/ trinc over Sis fcat quare. IS SIN in good
| condition 10 bo erected I'm the chlmpan-
/ zee country.
The reed Instruments are devised 20
produce some of the Simian sounds
which ho found impossible TO reproduce
with the human vocal organs. Whether
I hc win overcome this defect during the
present trip and Doc able 10 carry on 81
conversation without the aid of bis reed
/ instruments is of no little concern to
| those who believe in his theory.
What may be- called the Garnorian
| theory about monkey talk may De sum
med up thus.
The sounds uttered 10y monkeys arc
voluntary. deliberate and a~rticulatc.
They are always used with tho purpOss
OF being understood.
a monkey is conscious OF his own
meaning and expects that meaning 10 be
understood Boy his interlocutor.
Tie understands the sounds made by
| other monkeys of his own species and re-
spends 90 thcm.
If 70 monkey does not get am answer 70
/ the sounds chat he uttcrs he repeats the
Same sound until ho is answered.
Hc preserves complete silence when
alone. using the ounds only TO- convcy
some information, want or desire. and
not as 20 pastlmc.
These sounds are made with tho vocal
organs. and are modulated with tFe
teeth. tongue and lips iu the same man
uer that man controls his vocal organs.
Tho fundamental sounds appear TO bc
pure v0wcls. but faint traces OF cone
sonants are found iu many words. e.
peoIaliy those of 20 low pitch.
There is no universal language among
monkeys. Each species has it's own pee
culiar tongue slightly shaded into dia-
lects The radical ounds DO not appclr
To have the same meaning in the differ
on- tongues
Like ali pioneers Professor Garner has
had many difficulties iu carrying out his
work. Tie has made few converts
aroused considerable autagonism % has
had little help from scientific societies
I'm his former expeditions.
Previous TO his first trip in 1s92-dur-
ing which journey he lived for over
days in his cage in the heart Of .Iil-
la c0untry-hc applied 90 several soCie-
tics for assistance. Those devoted 90
geography referred him to one's making
% specially 0f philoloey. while the phil-
oloelets Thought 10 was the authrOp0lo-
cical societies who were most interested
Though science coIlIy turned its back
on the professor. the residents of the
Congo country were most anxious Go help
Dim and were more than kind with ae-
ei-.uuCo both iu the form of encourage
uont by word. money and supplies.
one result of Gamers researches is
that he U.s. convinced the c~himpanzce
ranks higher mentally than Che gorilla
though most naturllists hold Orb the cone
trary opinion. Ills unique PLAN. how
ever of living in au open cage in 90 flr-
o-t famous for being the home OF the goo
villa makes him am authority whose word
cannot bo very wen questioned.
Professor Garner is "a Nireinian by