davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Washington sentinel., 1899-12-02
IT, ~, SENTINEL
PRIMITIVE AGRICULrURE.
How Early Tribes Drew their Sus
tenanCe from the soil.

How Early Tribes Drew their sus.
tenance from the soil.
The most prominent feature in
the history OF the gradual growth
and development OF man is agTi-
culture. Having its origin in ne
cessity, its development has kept
pace with mans advancement to
the highly civilized plane he has
attained. Beginning with the use
of nuts, fruits, roots and game OBJ
tanned in the wild state, the require
ments became more exacting, for
man is in nature never satisfied.
The resort to planting and growing
for themselves the different fruits
which the early inhabitants of the
earth had been accustomed to use,
was but a natural outcome OF OBJ
serving how seeds sprouted. grew
and produ :ed the very articles OF
diet with which they were familiar.
The increase of population in the
"Cradle OF Man" gradually forced
the weaker tribes into the great
deserts to the west. Here they
encountered the hardest condi-
tions, finding nature against them
in land where water was scarce
and where no vegetation could
grow except in the immediate
vicinity OF springs. 1t was under
such rigorous conditions that the
desert tribes lived and grew in
numbers and strength.
By reason OF their surroundings
and the hard struggle for existence
these people became fatalIsts. Un-
der the later influence OF the Koran
their tanati:al instincts were
aroused and they went forth to the
conquest OF the world, to convert
all TO the doctrines of Mohammed.
They are today a sturdy, wlry race,
but from the first their training has
been IN the hard school oil adver-
sIty, %here's was not land flow
ing with milk and honey; but what
they raised was by the abundant
sweat of the brow The culture OF
the simplest necessities meant in
deiatigable and patient labor.
Washington sentinel., 1899-12-02
ALL BY HAND LABOR.

Where the desert extended along
the banks Of a river, as the Nile or
the Euphrates tor instance, tn e
water was plentiful. 1t but needed
to be applied to the land to pro-
duce the crops needed by man.
The soul ptureS Of ancient Egypt
contain figures Of men with a yoke
upon their shoulders bearing water
pots. This was Of course only pos
sible where the water was near at
hand. Sculptures of a little later
date show the use OF the bucket
and lever-knOwn as the shadoof
by the Arabs-the simple we'll
sweep of our older country homes
still used Tor IrrigatlHg IN many
parts Of Egypt, ARABIA, Persia and
India. 1t consists OF pole piVOted
upon an upright with a skin bucket
fastened to one end and a weight
upon the other. With his the
water can be raised to the height
OF or 10 feet into a trough from
which II flows into a small tank or
surface reservoir. Where the
water has to be raised TO a great
heIght It IS accomplished by a SER
les ol shadoois, one above the
other, each dep sitting the water IN
a tank Immediately above the
other, from which it is again raised
8 or 10 feet, and so on until it is
finally on the level OF the land
sought to be irrigated.
Washington sentinel., 1899-12-02
s1Oo Reward 500.

The readers of this paper will be
pleased to learn that there is at least one
dreaded disease that science has been
able 20 cure in all its stages, and that IS
Catarrh, Halls Catarrh Cure is the
only positive cure known to the medical
fraternity. Catarrh being a constitu-
tional disease. requires a constitutional
treatment. Halls Catarrh Cure is taken
internally, acting directly upon the blood
and mucous surfaces.of the system,
thereby DESTROYING the foundation Of the
disease, and giving the patient strength
by building up the constitution and
assisting nature in dong its work. The
proDrietors have so much faith in its
curative poW-rs, that they offer One
Hundred Dollars for any case that IL fails
TO cure. Send for list OF testimonials.
Address, F. !. CHENEY & Co,
Toledo, o.
Sold by Druggists, IS.
Halls Family Pills are the best.
Washington sentinel., 1899-12-02
UTILIZING NATURE.

AS civilization progressed,
bitches or troughS by easy transi
ton, replaced the man with the
bucket as the means OF leading the
water unto land. Ridges a few
incnes IN height we're raised around
small patches OF ground and the
water was permitted to run IN until
the soil was covered, when the gap
was closed IN this square and an
opening made IN the next. After
a long apprenticeship man gradu-
ally acquired a know ledge ofmsch.
anics and the application Of the
forces OF nature to his own ends.
Crude water wheels were con-
ssructed which were propelled first
by human labor and later by oxen,
cows, donkeys, or camels, and FIN
ally BY the current OF streaivs.
The need was water! water!
water! No matter how laborious
the task, water must be gotten. So
by these methods, against over
whelming odds, mans struggle
with the forces Of nature has con-
tInued Tor untold ages. And today,
through the application Of the
principles discovered by our pred
ecessors in irrigation, we see mil
lions OF acres OF soil, worthless
otherwise, reclaimed and made
fruitful. Experience has sh own
that where the water IS under con-
troll better and larger crops can be
produced than on lands where
nature has been most bountilul in
furnishing rainfall. In the latter
regions, rain often comes at mop
perfume times, and again fails just
when most needed by the matur-
ing crop. Failure or partial fall
ure is frequent in the most favored
Washington sentinel., 1899-12-02
regions; under modern systems oi
irrigation it is impossible.

irrigation it is impossible.
Irrigated farms never wear out.
It may occur to farmers who are
in the habit Of applying large guam
titles Of manure and fertilizer to
their lands and raising only mod
crate crops, that where irrigation
is pra stised and immense crops
grown every season without inter-
mission, either increased manuring
is necessary, or in its absence the
lane, from the increased drain put
upon it, will gradually lose iertil-
ity. This is not shown to be the
case however. Where the irrigat-
ing water is drawn from surface
supplies, it itself furnishes an ever
lasting source OF fertility. The
lands irrigated by the Nile floods
are OF surprising richness and their
tillers never heard OF such things
as crop rotation, blowing under
clover, manuring or fertilizing.
The ancient irrigated rice fields OF
the Philippines, which yield from
four to six times the crop OF the
dEy-farmed sections, have never
known artificial fertilizing, and in
the United States we have the evil
dence OF New Mexican farms which
have been under cultivation for 2so
years and are today as productive
as virgin land. Irrigation water is
both drink and iood.
Little Japan seems to have taken
hold OF the forestry question more
intelligently and vigorously than
ourselves. A definite plan is being
followed in the perpetuation of her
forest areas, their importance in re
latlon to agriculture and water
supply being recognized. Under
imperial edictever maturetree cut
down must be replaced by the
planting Of young tree.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-12-12
CASTLE & COOKE, LIMITED
Commission rIerchants.
SUGAR FACTORS.

SO~<AES ~ ~ Il ONSS
AGENTS FOR
The Eva Plantation Co.
The Waialua Agricultural Co., Ltd
The Kohala Sugar Co.
The Waimea Sugar Mill Co.
The Koloa Agricultural Co.
The Fulton Iron Warks, st. Louis,
Missouri.
The Standard Oil Co.
The George f. Blake Steam Pumps.
Weston's Centrifugals.
The New England Mutual Life In
surance Co., of Boston.
The Aetna Fire Insurance Co., of
Hartford, Conn.
The Alliance Assurance Co., Of Lon
don.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-12-12
METHODIST CHURCH FAIR
AN EVENT OF THIS AFTERNOON
AND EVENING.
Function to Begin at 9 O'Clock on the
Parsonage Grounds and to Last Wen
Into the Evening.

Ladies of the Methodist Church will
give a fair this afternoon and evening
for the benefit of the church funds
The function will begin at 8 o'clock
sharp and will have regular continu-
ance until 9 or 10 o'clock this evening.
1t is the intention to have all of the
tables on the lawn in front of the par
sonage. In case the weather is too bad
a move to the house may be made Ar
rangements are most elaborate and in
either event the fair will be a very at
tractive place to visit.
A special feature of the fair will be
the display of fancy articles. This has
never been finer at any previous func-
lions of the kind. Mrs. j. Bachelor,
Mrs. Arthur Coyne and Mrs Moore will
have charge of this booth. China arti-
cles will be given away with tea, coffee,
chocolate, etc. Mrs. NJ. G.. Johnson and
Mrs. Cooke will have charge of the
china table. Mrs. Clark and Mrs. Han
cock will preside over the candy booth
and Mrs. James Lyle and Mrs. A. Pc
trie will have charge of the ice cream
on the lawn will be a department FOR
lemonade and other light refreshments
in charge of Mrs. Black and Mrs. Men
olson. Coffee will be dispensed by Mrs
Webb and Mrs. Bryant. In addition &C
these committees there will be large
corps of assistants.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-12-12
URDANETA FIGHT.
Gallant Defense of Gunboat to the
Very Last.

WASHINGTON, November 90.-A
dispatch to the Navy Department from
Admiral Watson at Manila, received
today, gives additional details of the
fate of the crew of the gunboat Urda-
meta, which was attacked and destroy
ed by insurgents some time ago. The
dispatch follows:
MANILA, November 30.-Oregon' S
force turned over Vigan to portion
Wheatons command on 2Sth. Returned
with 100 recaptured Spanish prisoners
Taking of Vigan creditable to naval
force. Coxswain Green and Appren-
tice Power of Urdaneta's crew escaped
insurgents; reported on flagship. Re
port Cadet Woods mortally wounded
died within fifteen minutes. Mitchell
Drummond, Stone and Grey killed out
right. Burial place unknown; will en-
deavor to locate. Farley, Herbert and
Burk alive and well October 30. Pres
ent whereabouts unknown. Chinese
killed by insurgent spears. Urdaneta
fought till guns failed; made gallant
fight. date September 18th"
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-12-12
9. S. CLAUDINE,

CAMERON, Master.
MAUI.
Will leave Honolulu every Tuesday
at p. NJ, touching at Lahaina, Ka-
hului, Nahiku, Hama, Hamoa and Kipa-
hulu, Maui. Returning, touches al
above named ports arriving at Homo
lulu Sunday mornings.
Will call at Nuu, Kaupo, once each
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-12-12
BENNETT, Master.
MOLOKAI, MAUI, LANAI

MOLOKA1, MAUI, LANAI.
Sails every Monday for Kaunakakai,
Kamalo, Maunalei, Kalaupapa, Laha-
ina, Honolua, Olowalu. Returning ar
rives at Honolulu Saturday mornings.
This company reserves the right to
make changes in the time of departure
and arrival of it's steamers WITHOUT
NOTICE, and it will not be responsible
for any consequences arising there
from.
Consignees must be at the landing
to receive their freight. This company
will not hold itself responsible for
freight after it has been landed.
Live stock received only at owners
risk
This company will not be responsible
for money or valuables of passengers
unless placed in the care of the pursers.
Passengers are requested to purchase
tickets before embarking. Those fall
ing to do so will be subject to an adj
ditional charge of twenty-five per cent.
The company will not be liable for
loss Of, nor injury to, nor delay in, the
delivery of baggage or personal effects
of the passenger beyond the amount OF
$4,000, unless the value of the same
be declared, at or before the issue of
the ticket, and freight is paid thereon.
All employees of the company are for
hidden to receive freight without deliv-
ering a shipping receipt therefor in the
form prescribed by the Company, and
which may be seen by shippers upon
application to the pursers Of the Com
pany's steamers.
Shippers are notified that If freight
is shipped without such receipt it will
be solely at the risk of the shipper.
c. l.. WIGHT, President.
s. B. ROSE, Secretary.
CAPT. T. X. CLARKE, Port Supt.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-12-12
Kaiiulanii
Tract

Situated on the east side of
Kalihi Valley. The view to.
Pearl Harbor is the best In
the city of Honolulu. The
soil is very deep; no stones or
rocks on the place.
Water will be laid before
purchasers are ready to build.
A space will be set apart in
memory of the late Princess
Kaiulani for park.
The lots will be sold at the
lowest prices in the market,
with which other real estate
agents will not afford to CON-
peto.
Applications for lots will be
received at our office, and VIII
be given preference of choosing
lots in the order they are re-
ceived.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-12-12
DINING CARS TO KHARTOUM.
Excursion Trains to Pun to Soudar
Capital.

LONDON, November 29.-General
Lord Kitchener Sirdir of the Egyptian
army, having decided to open the Sou
dan railway extension to Khartoum on
January ith, Cooks tourist agency ad-
Vertises a time table which provides
for a train leaving Wady Halfa at S
p m. on Thursday, January 9TH. Pas
sengers will dine on the train Abu
Hamed will be reached at 1880 a. m. on
Friday, Abdia at l. 80 p. M, Atbara at
1870 and Shendy at 8 o'clock. The train
is due to arrive at khartOum at a
IN. on Saturday.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-12-12

Note Heads, Bill Heads. Statements
and Fine Commercial Printing at the
Star Office.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-12-12
THE HAWAIIAN SCENIC CALENDAR
1OOO=FOR=19OO
PUBLISHED ONLY BY THE
GOLDEN RULE BAZAAR
]. NJ. WEBB.
316 FORT STREET, HONOLULU.

This ever popular Calendar will soon
be ready for mailing abroad. 1t will be
a gem of beauty, and no Calendar ever
gotten up for the Island trade can pos
sibly equal 1t in point of scenes, artis-
tic work and finish. The Calendar is
being gotten up by the very best Art
and Color Printers in the States, and
will be ready for mailing in time to
reach Europe and America before the
New Year.
The Calendar will contain a Temper
ature and Rainfall Table and in the
back will be four of the best pieces OF
Hawaiian music
HAWAII PONOI,"
ALOHA OE,"
"AHI WELA," AND
LIKE NO A LIKE"
The price ready for mailing will be
so cents.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-12-12

The price ready for mailing will be
so cents.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1899-03-18
a1-'wAY mail

10 be treated with notable originality
and effectiveness, while all their beau
tifully colored views are said TO be
highly artistic and life-like.
Annie Wilmuth-Currani is well known
as a vocalist of more than ordinary
ability. and she will be heard in num-
ber of the latest songs OF the day.
Scenes i'm foreign lands will be shown
by the stereopticon, and this feature
appears to be growing steadily in favor
with the audiences.
In addition to the Providence Pets"
which will be retained for another
week, a new series of motion pictures
will be shown by the biograph. The
chief of these is view taken from the
front of "A trolley car crossing the
Brooklyn bridge, the film being $50 feet
in length, or nearly two hundred feet
longer than any ever before made. The
car made the trip i'm three minutes.
about half the usual time and during
that period over 5.400 distinct pictures
were taken. or about % per second. This
is the greatest achievement yet record ..
ed TO the credit Of the biograph opera
tors and the view itself is said 10 be
Of exceptional clearness and general ef-
fectiveness. the light being so strong as
10 show the traffic on either side OF the
car track and the river i'm the distance.
Other pictures will show burglars in
the pantry, the late President Faure
hunting. a stable on fire. bag punch
ing exhibition and reproduction of 4
famous painting.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1899-03-18
Westminster Theatre.

At the Westminster theater. COM
meucing with. matinee on Monday next.
and continuing throughout the week,
the attraction will be the "Bon-Ton"
burlesquers. an aggregation consisting
OF a bright bunch OF fun-makers In two
merry satires called ~ Parisian
Night" and ~ Devil OF n Time" Ev-
ervthing I'm the show Will be found
right up 20 the times, stage settings.
scenery. costumes and especially SO I'm
the matter OF chorus Between the two
burlesqucs there will be half dozen
vaudeville turns by Miss Aggie Behler.
American Chansonette: Morrison and
Markey. the cracker jacks OF Celtic
comedy: Byron and Langdon. n pair ot
brilliant travesty stars; Edna Bassett
Narsahll sweet singer: Harry and Sa
die Fields. Hebrew de!ineators; w. 9.
Ia Tort musical artist. and others.
As special feature the management
will nresent for the first time I'm this
city The French pantomine sketch based
on the idea represented IN the picture
known as "Tn Affairo DHonneur." II
Is said 10 be- daring. dangerous and ex-
ceedinglv sensational Tho fual scene
is hetwohn two women and represents
a duel with swords. the principals being
stripped TO the waist.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1899-03-18
Providence 0peTa House.

Shenandoah" is coming back TO the
Providence Opera House Monday even
ing for a stay OF three nights and a
matinee. Its recent engagement here
was one Of the most enjoyable and sue
cessful events Of the theatrical year.
and no doubt the return Will be a well
come one. Mr.. Lifts production OF
Shenandoah is the same old drama
of love and war with scarcely a line of
the dialogue changed, but IL is made "A
hundred fold more thrilling and realis-
tic by a series OF battle pictures which
have been introduced. The great scene
showing the retreat OF the Union SOL
diers at Winchester and the glorious
rally OF the troops under the gallant
leadership OF Sheridan, Is now shown
with all the stirring realism of war.
The battle scene is a marvel OF stage
management. over 200 people and SO
horses are employed, and one gets a
clear idea OF all the excitement and
horror OF war. There is the ebb and
flow Of inarticulate human sounds, cut
through by the Jagged rattle OF mus
kerry, the boom OF cannon and the
sputtering OF shells. Bands bray. trum-
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1899-03-18
{s* ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ -
The heatres.
sr q" n r. r. a. r. sr e. q" q. 4" q. " a.

duced just four plays, and remarkable
10 relate, each has made "A success. The
play. Kate Kip that Providence the
atre- goers are so soon to see, is said To
have made a greater success than any
Of the others And according TO those
who have seen Kate Kip the reason
for Miss Irwin's success this year Is
obvious. IL was prodl Il late last sea-
son, and has since received unstinted
praise wherever produced Boston has
Just added its endorsement OF May Ir-
win and Kate Kip 10 that OF New York
and other cities, and there is no reason
10 believe that Providence will not do
the same.
May Irwin has always been called one
of the luckiest players on the stage
and her remarkable success during her
career as a star, which began four
years ago. would seem to bear out this
saying There Is no other star, man or
woman. who has such a following in
New York city as May Irwin. Dur
ing the last four seasons she has played
AN annual engagement at the BJou
theatre i'm New York, lasting from -
TO 20 weeks This is a record that is
approached by none. AS the average
theatrical season lasts but 80 weeks,
II VIII be seen that MISS irwin has dur
ing the last four years played half Of
| each season at least in New York alone.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1899-03-18
OLYMPIC Theatre.

Lang's Operate Extravaganza COM
pany, twenty beauties and ten comedi-
ans, thirty in all, will be Manager
Spitzs attraction at the Olympic next
week presenting a varied program of
opera, comedy and vaudeville. This
popular organization will appear in the
up-to-date review entitled "In Gay
New York" The production is full OF
beautiful scenery and electrical effects.
while the costumes are said to be
dreams of feminine fancy.
Heading the olio of vaudeville acts.
which is of exceptional strength, are
the famous Gotham Comedy Four,
Americas famous comedy quartet Col
Inns and Brien, grotesque comedians
and dancers. the charming Leigh Sis
ters, in their original mirror dances;
the acrobatic wonders, the Ahearns;
Shannon and Bruce. character change
artists: the eccentric comedian. Mr..
James Leonard, in an entire new mono-
logue; and last, but not least, the
charming vocalist. Miss Lillian Beach,
in a reporterie of popular songs and inn
itations OF May Irwin.
During the action of the eXtravagan-
"a. "In Gay New York" some bright
burlesque ideas will be introduced. THE
Hypnotic Gavotte," the massage at
tendant march and the Leigh sisters
latest novelty. the bare-footed gown
dance. finishing with the grand finale
entitled the gathering OF all nations and
the famous Foggy Doc band.
Tinsel bright-hued costumes and
pretty girls will be one Of the features
i'm Kiralfy's ballet. as II is today the
most famous i'm the profession. The
dancing in the new ballet Is said to be
a masterpiece Of Kiralfy's latest. The
premier work OF Mile. Rose Guarlier
and Mile. Eulle Traines has caused TIL"
New York press TO extend most liberal
and fattering comments. The marvel
Gus toe dancing OF Mile. Eulle Tralnes
is another special feature which Provi-
dence has not had the pleasure Of witt
Messing for long while. Green and
Friend. the latest society sketch art
lists. are among the list Of headliners
that are offered. The Midgeleys, with
out execution the best juvenile comedi-
ans are in the profession.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1899-03-18
KeIth's New Theatre.

Irish comedy takes first place in the
Keith program for the coming week.
and its exponents are none other than
those two prime favorites, the Russell
brothers. John and James. These clev-
er comedians have long been known
best by the title. 1.-The Irish chamber
maids" because OF the characters In
which they have made their greatest
popular success. They have not been
seen recently in Providence. but there
are no greater favorites with
Providence audiences than they
1t has long been conceded that
I'm the peculiar type of Irish comedy
with which they have been identihed
they have no equals. Their dialect Is
widely known as the Russell IRISH dla-
Iect." being quite different from that
ordinarily employed by Irish comedi-
ans. and i'm their impersonation or te-
male characters they bring out all the
peculiarities of the race, all the flch-
ness of Irish wit and the characters
ties of manner with "a nicely OF detall
and faithfulness TO life In whicn no
others have approached them. Iney
will be seen I'm a new sketch, which IN
New York during the past week mas
scored the one big hit of the bill, ana
which is said to be not only intensely
funny but fully the equal of anything
they have ever done.
The musical features of the program
are headed by Musical Dale, who was
the first 10 introduce high class musical
specialties in vaudeville. and, although
he has had many imitators. he has sue
ceeded I'm holding first place against All
competition. II is long time since ne
hus been heard in Providence; but
there are many who will remember MIN
with pleasure. and he is looked upon as
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1899-03-18

Glen MacDonough. who wrote this
new play, Kate Kip" for Miss Irwin
is said TO have been lucky enough TO
exactly suit Miss Irwin's style OF beau
ty. Kate Kip is a business woman, one
able to grasp and successfully cope
with knotty situations as they come up.
In fact, woman of iaeas.-Now I'm real
life May Irwin is said TO be much this
same sort of person. She is woman OF
quick impulses and bubbling over with
humor: one whom il would be easy TO
imagine could make people come TO her
way of thinking just as she does IN
the play.
Last. but by no means least. I'm Kate
Kip" May Irwin sings. OF course, she
sings coon" songs and sings them as