The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10

and energy. Thirty churches are said 10 have
been built by her, besides ninety houses for the
use OF missionaries
IN.
Fourteen years after Ricci's death. John Adam
Schaal arrived in China and proceeded to Pekin
where he was appointed Acknowledged, and
| deputed TO rcarrange the imperial calendar I'm
der the three last emperors of the Ming dynasty
and the two FIRST OF the present dynasty Schaal
was treated with the respect which was his due
But after the beginning Of the reign of Kangh-
d, the greatest sovereign Of the present reign
ing family, Schaal fell on evil days On a charge
OF law-broaking brought by his enemies, he was
| thrown into prison and loaded with chains, from
which he was only liberated by death in 1905
During the years Of his ascendancy he had work
ed with extraordinary zeal in the OF the faith
and it is said that between the years 1850 and
1854 hundred thousand converts were
msde through his fundamentally and that
| Of his co-workers At one time, the Emperor
Kanghsi himself was thought 10 show disposition
| towards conversion, and it is certain that his
| mother. Of his wives and one Of his sons
ceived baptism, which rite was also administered
| to fifty ladies Of the court II was princi-
| pally, however men Of science that
| the Jesuit missionaries received consider
| alton from the sovereign, and il is
probable that, in his heart he viewed the subject
OF future life with the entire indifference Of a
faifhtul follower OF Confucius why do you
DO much trouole yourselves, ne asked on one
occasion Oh spiritual ADVISER, aoouta world you
have never entered and he went on to express
| the Confucian opinion that 1t would be much
WISER TO think less OF the world to come and more
oil the present lie IL Is possible, also, that the
dissensions which broke out among tho Catholic
missionaries in China during the last half of the
seventeenth century may have had something TO
| DO win me cynical attitude ultimately adopted
ny kanghsi toward them In 1901 party OF
dominican iriars arrived in China to supplement
he WORK ocnS zone by the Jesuits Inc new
comers were shocked at the wise latitude allowed
by inc Jesuis In matters OF religious form In
their desire to gain Intellectual dominion over the
people, the Jesuit missionaries had permitted
the incorporation with their services OF practices
which savored somewhat OF the supersttious
rites OF the natives II was thus, Of course, that
Chrsaanity mad acquired mastery OF the Roman
Empire In China. the ancient and respectable
worship OF ancestors received the approval Of
jesuit ialhers, on the ground that II was rather
| ciVn IMAM religious service The Jesuits had
adopted also the abstract term Tien, OF Heaven.
| for the Christian God and made no objections TO
the exhibition in their churches OF scrolls bearing
the inscription worship Heaven" The Do
| minicans set their faces against these practices
Ricci' refused TO listen 10 what they considered
| the carping criticism OF their opponents, and
declined 70 make any alterations In their methods
| oil conversion. The Domncans appealed TO
| Rome. and after much doubt and controversy, a
papal decree was issued procaming the worship
! OF ancestors TO be hoathenish practice, and one
not to be sanctioned for moment by the Holy
Mother Church. Another question put to limo
cent n was whether. regard heing paid to the
fraty OF the people, II could be tolerated for the
| present that Christian magistrates should carry
cross hidden under the flowers which present
| at the heather altars, and secretly worship that
| emblem while they were in outward form and up
| pcarance worshipping the idol The answer
was a peremptory negative. and like reply was
made TO the inquiry whether the presence Of Chris
hans in the temples Of the idols and their attend
ance at idolatrous worship and sacrifices could be
| tolerated. The cleavage between the Jesuits on
the one hand and the Dominicans and Franciscans
ON the other was TO large extent national as
| well as religious, the Portuguese supporting the
Jcsuits and the French and Italians their detrac-
| tors Though disappointed by the papal decisions
| above mentioned, tho Jesuits were not crushed,
and, at later date second reference Of the eues
tons In dispute between Che religious orders rep
| resented in China was made 70 the Propag anda
| This met with different response Under Al
| exander VII. the congregation upheld tile views
! OF the Jcsuits distinction was drawn between
the religious and political rites Of the Chinese
and the worship of ancestors was 81 aasifed among
| the latter the decision added that Chinese con
verts should be permitted 10 perform the ceremonies
| towards the dead even with tho unconyortod
suporstitious objects alone being prohibited they
may also assist in their national worship when
Hupcrstitious rites ore being performed, II they
rst profess their faith in Christianity and arc not
| in peril OF subverion, and whom they cannot
otherwise avoid enmty"
| The arrival in China however Of Bishop Mai