Arizona republican., 1899-03-12
HISTORY OF CABLES
CContinued From First Page)

| Der core surrounded by layers of gu5ta ' pclCha, a.tsrnated with other non | conducting and waterprCof material, ! being protected by an 0i.tc- sheathing l of twelve galvanized iron wires wound ! spiTally about it. which in turn were protected by double wT2DTi1gs of Jarred hemp yaln. All of the3e ma
 toIials and the various sections Of the
 cable were constantly and thoroughly tested electrically and otherwise dur ! ing its construction. The line when laid proved complete success, bacCn- ing the first successful telegraphlc con- nec,iOn between England and India. 1865. Another attempt made by Cy- nus w Field Of the United States and his associates in the United States and England 10 lay 9 submarine telegraph
 cable from Nalentia,, Ireiand. to New f0unG!and and the United States. The cable, for which the contract price was
 S3 ,99GG00 partly in cash and 1artlv in shares of the company, consisted of seven coEeer wires surrounded by Iu-
 Iro4 Cus c0acings of gutt2 percha and
 - ther WaterDrO0f pOn-cOndUct0rs. This
 was in tu~n surrounded by ten Bessa-
 lGer steel wires this being the first
 use of steel wires for cable protection.
 each wire being separately wound with
 pitch-a0aked hemp yarn, the shore
 ends being also uTther protected by
 thirty-six heavy iron wires wound
 sDira+Iy about the completed cable.
 The steamer Great Eastern, then tb9
 largest steamship afoat, was specially
 fitted up for laying this cable. Great
 care was exercised in every particular.
 but after 1,186 miles had been laid
 westward from Valentia the cable
 broke in water over II. 900 feet deep, and the attempts to recover it were un- Auccessfui
 1866. Mfr Fled and his associates re-
 newed their efforts to lay a cable across the Atlantic. A new company
 with 8 ,0G0,C eco capital was formed with
 the double purpose of attempting to find the end ofthe cable partially laidin 1865 and complete the hne, and a,s0 to lay another cable parallel with and near to it. The cable manufactured for the proposed new line was si similar to that of 1865. The Great Eastern was rem0deIed to further meet the re- quirements Of the work, and left Val entia. IreRnd July F, 1866, paying out the cable in line about twenty five miles nOreh Cf that followed on | the preceding year. She safely ar 1 rived a. Newfoundland in fourteen ! days from the date of leaving Valent;a ! nd electrical communication WGs im- i mediately established between the ! United States and England, which has 1 never since been mO-e than temDora- ! rily interrupted. The Great Eastern ! -hon returned 9 the epol where the i cable was lost in 1865, and after ten | 4ays work auccccGed in iaging the 1 end on board from depth If over 11.- i roo feet. the tess immediately made l showing it to be in perfect working . connection wi5h the E3lsnti2 end. A splice was made and inc laying Of the line toward New FCundland resumed ! snd on September 8 the cable was landed e. that point and Uie secooI l successful line of communication be- tween the United States and Eur>pe ,hu5 coEp.eted, Newfoundland beils already 1T submarine tslegraphic con- with the mainland and telegraph systems Of the United States The length between Trinity bay New fCHndiand, and Naleutia. Ireland, is given by the American cyelopsdia at , 143 miles T-1e r2Ce of speed n fansmission over these cables was at he beginning aisht words per minute but increased to Ef-een words per I 
 The success of the 1866 cables S. { 'omplete3y demonstrated tho pra etica- 5ility Of submarine teIegrapay that is , progress thence forward was Ne-y rapii.