Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1899-10-21

cont Of the ocean bottom. Eisnes anu
Invertebrates, however. are scattered
over the floor cf the ocean at all
denths. The majority of these deep
sea animals live by eating the mud,
CLAW. or ooze. or by catching the par
ticles of organic matter falling from
the surface. It is probable that
three fourths of the deposits now
covering the floor of the ocean have
passed through the alimentary canals
Of marine animals. These mud-est-
ing species, many of which are OF
comparatively gigantic size, becomes
in turn the prey of numerous rspscl-
ous animals. Many deep-sea animals
have archaic characteristics, yet the
region cannot be said to have more
remnants of by-gone fauuss than the
shallow and fresh waters of the CONT
nents. Sir Wyville Thomson believed
that since the Silurian period there
has been a continuous deep ocean,
with a bottom temperature near fresh
water freezing point, and always an
obvssal fauna. Sir John Murray in-
cIines to the view that in Palaeozoic
times the ocean was not as deep as
now that the waters had throughout
q nearly uniform high temperature,
and that life at the bottom was ao-
sent or represented only by bacteria.
Il
When differing organisms pass
their entire existence together for
mutual advantage, the condition IS
regarded bv Prof Marshall Ward as
trne svmbiosis. In other cases one
organism appears to prepare the way
FOR the other, as we see in the CONVEX
sion of starch into sugar by mould
and then into alcohol by yeast, and
for this kind of association the name
metabiosis is proposed. In other
,.ompanionships, one organism Injuries
the other, as is exemplifed by many
parasites, this being what is known
as antibiosis.
j
Investigating the various theories
of death from burns, DIR. Azzarello,
an Italian, finds the real cause to be
auto-intoxication from deficient ex-
erection by tee skin. s~
H
The science of living, of getting
from our years on earth the most that
thew can be made to yield, will be
one of the great Developments OF the
twentieth century. The condition
of the people has greatly improved in
this century, as Mr.. Henry Riggs
stated at the recent meeting OF the
British Association, for houses are
better and more sanitary, wages are
higher while commodities are cheaper,
and such institutions as free libraries,
museums, picture galleries. ETC., with
parks and promenades, have multi
piled. Yet it is to be feared that
housekeeping is no better understood
than it was two centuries ago. Prof.
Marshall has estimated that 9lOO, 600,
600 annually are spent even by the
working classes, and f4OOOOOyOOO by
the rest of the population of Eng
land, in ways that do little or nothing
toward making life better or happier,
and that something like fl0O,OOO,OOO
a year might be saved if a sufficient
of able women went about
the country and induced the other
women to manage their households
as they do themselves. There are at, i
any rate, great possibilities of i'm
provement in details of food, dress
and habits, without any curtailing of
luxuries or amusements. In the
warming of houses there is enormous
waste of fuel, and Atkinson has esti-
,imated that the waste Of food from
pad cooking in the United States is
., 0OO.000,OOO year.
- -
Tungsten, obtained for the first
ime in pure specimens by reduction
# the oxide by aluminium, has been
tudied by Prof. r. Stavenhagan. of
Berlin. The metal is hard, slightly
larker than zinc, and is infusible in
he electric arc. 1t is practically in
oluble in acids, even in aqua regia,
Though it is dissolved slowly in
used caustic patash. This metal,