The sun., 1899-05-07

b, the Bishop OF Chester and Cardinal Waugh
are all associated together In a limited col
pany which runs public houses. II is bellev
l. that many landowners would be glad to s
n the public houses on their property better co
/. Quoted. but they do not feel themselves Jus
fed In undertaking the financial risk involv
y by introducing unaided reformed system
management In such cases the company G
. fers its help 1t Ia willing. wherever /
! cal conditions show a fair prospect
success. to take public houses at fxt
rental. undertaking to manage them
respectable houses. instead Of mere drinkin
! bars A clergyman. who was also lant
owner. took over one OF the licensed houses O
his estate. Being unable personally to sery
behind the bar. he looked around for a mar
ager. member OF the church choir was se
lected for the experiment, and the vocalit
gave up singing bass in order to serve Bass.
But when this enterprising ohurchman ar
peared behind tho bar the bewildere
tipplers Of the village could not quite Rathe
what had happened. and were distinctly In
clined to be hostile and mischievous. The
mockingy asked the new manager to SIM
them a song. The manager. glad to give hi
fine voice more airing. gladly complied with
most appropriately. The Anchors Weighed.
The house was called THE Anchor" HodR,
was delighted. took kindly to the man whc
could accept a challenge with such astonishing
results. and began to behave him self better
| from that time forward.
| Drunkards were warned off the premises
| cases OF incidental misconduct were discour.
| aged by the temporary suspension from the
| service Of the house OF the offending country.
ian the house was kept closed on Sundays
and. altogether. the landlord found that his
| enterprise was rewarded by distinct diminu-
| has become the proprietor OF the only public
| house in his village His two guiding princi-
Piles are: % The sale Of pure beer: ~ the
person who sells the beer must have no inter-
est in the profits
One OF the most interesting expeditions ever
equipped to learn more OF Africa starts imme-
dately for Lake TanRanyika 1t is conducted
by Mr.. j. f. S. Moore. who made similar Jour
ney on much smaller scale In 1896 TO collect
for scientific purposes shellhsh from Its waters
He then made the startling discovery that 1t
possesses double fauna OF most remark
able and. so far as Ia known at present. a
unique kind. 1t has what we may call an Or
dinary lacustrine fauna, which. with small To-
cal variations. is common to the lakes OF these
regions. But 1t has. In addition. an extensive
fauna OF an essentially marine character
fishes. molluscs. medus@ and sponges whose
structure and organization proclaim them
closely related to oceanic forms. What is still
more interesting. these living Inhabitants OF a
fresh-water lake in the interior OF a continent
are more closely allied to marine fossils from
the inferior o0ites OF Europe than to their
congeners now living in the ocean. They are.
in fact OF ancestral types now extinct. but
represented In the sea by derived and differ
entiated forms.
ton. 1t would seem to follow that Tanganyika
was once in free Communication with the
ocean. that 1t was cut of at a distant period
corresponding to the formation Of the European
o0lites. that many OF it's denizens accommo-
dated themselves to the slow diution and ulti-
mate disappearance Of the salt water that they
kept more true to type than their brethren re-
naming in the ocean. and that the lake at some
later period was colonized by the ordinary
lacustrine fauna Of the region. All this sounds
like a scientific fairy tale OF the most astonlsh-
ing kind. 1t excites yet baffies the imaeina-
ton. and it must stimulate every one with the
smallest tincture OF the scientific spirit to de-
mand full Investigation. Marine forms almost
identical with oolitc fossils and ances-
trally related to the types actually existing
in the ocean. are found side by side with ord-
nary fresh water fauna in a lake remote from
the sea. The astonishing fact has to be ex-
planned and the explanation must obviously
involve the examination OF biological geolog-
cal and geographical changes OF the most be-
character 1t is a most fascinating
problem. bearing directly or indirectly upon
whole regions OF speculation in many scientific
fields. The permanence Of an oceanic fauna in
totally altered conditions is sufficiently won-
derful, but more wonderful still is the perma-
nence of type throughout ages which have pro-
foundy altered the type in the ocean itself. n
the biological problem is puzzinR. the geologi-
cal and physical changes implied are staeger-
ing. Altogether. the thing is scientific nut
the cracking Of which promises exercise OF the
most delightful kind.
Tanganyika Exploration Committee which Is
a1uipping Mr.. Moores expedition. has already
obtained f3.246 OF the f5.OOO required and the |
great probability OF fl,OoO more. Mr.. Moore |
VIII nave plenty OF native carriers and two or |
.hree European companions. His funds will |
'nable him to hire the excellent steam launch |
which has now been placed on the lake by the |
African Lakes Company. He Is also to proceed.
liter exploring the depths OF Tanganyika. TO
he unknown country north of IT, and