davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

Behind the massive controlling works
is deep basin ending at the northern
extremity in a high levee or bank. 1t
is almost 600 feet wide and extends in
winding course to the Desplaines
River, now twisting it's way along q
few hundred feet from the sluice gates.
All this will be under water as soon as
the channel is opened. This will be the
"tail race" and into it the waters OF the
drainage ditch will be allowed to pass
from the controlling works is as great
volume as the officials desire. OF
course the flow can be stopped entirely
If need be by closing all the sluice gates
and raising the bear trap dam to a
point higher than the level Of Lake
Michigan. In short, through the nova
BILE dam and the gates the sanitary dis
trict absolutely controls the volume OF
water that will pass into the Des-
PLANES by way Of the tail race. A levee
has been built by the trustees along the
southern bank Of the river just west of
the controlling works which extends in
winding course toward the city OF
Joliet, the smoke Of which can be seen
five miles away from the big wall
which ends the channel proper. 1t is
designed to change the course Of the
Desplaines so that it will flow directly
toward Joliet instead of aimlessly
around the country.
Work on the controlling plant was
started in 1896. when the sluice gates
were begun and the first work ON the
bear trap dam, which is destined to be-
come a famous piece of engineering,
was started in June, 1897.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

to the public square and faced a firm,
squad of soldiers with loaded riNes
ehind the squad stood a huge mass d
spectators from far and near.
The execution lacked no element n
the dramatic. The man wept and L.
mented and begged for mercy. TIN
woman was calm. The squad bad
made ready to fire, when an aid cam,
dashing through the square on horse
back. His coming merely PROLONGED
the strain upon the two criminals Thu
man embraced his knees in the hope
that he brought a pardon; the woman
turned more pale, but was silent Mer
cy it was, but only partial The aid
bore a reprive indeed, but only for tho
man. She begged her companion tore
main with her to the end. But the teE
low followed the guards away without
even addressing one word of pity 70
the woman. And then-but is there any
need to tell the rest?
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16
HUGE BEAR-TRAP DAM
MIGHTY CONTROLLER FOR CHI
CAGO DRAINAGE DITCH.
Great Dam and System of S1uice Gates
Through Which the Water from the
Canal Will Pass Into the Desplaines
Remarkable Engineering Feat.

At Lockport, ILL.,, the great drainage
channel ends. There the mighty cut
which, beginning near the Bridgeport
pumping station at Chicago, extends
twenty-eight miles through earth and
rock terminates in solid concrete wall
six feet thick at it's smallest dimension
and backed up by thousands of tons Of
broken stone blasted from the channel
and dumped behind this imperishable
barrier. When the channel is completed
and the water Of the river turned into it
were man to start in a rowboat at the
upper end of the channel and let the
current carry his craft down stream
the nose of his boat would at Lockport
bump into this solid wall. 1t is set di-
rectly across the end of the channel,
which at that point becomes a basin
almost 500 feet wide.
On the north bank of the channel at
it's terminus is the greatest piece Of en-
cheering in the whole gigantic work.
This is the controlling works." the sys-
tenn of sluice gates and the dam
through which the waters Of the chan
mel will pass into the Desplaines River.
For the big drainage canal will not
empty into the Desplaines as one river
empties into another, or as the Chi
cago River now flows into the lake at
times, simply by junction of their
channels. Every gallon of the water
from the channel will pass through the
immense controller" the gates and
dam by which the sanitary district can
regulate the flow Of the channel. 1t
would not do for the trustees to cut
their new channel through to the bank
of the Desplaines and turn the water in
to take care of itself When the Des-
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16
"R" IN NAMES OF RICH MEN.
Part the Letter Plays with Successful
Financiers.

Part the Letter Plays with Successful
Financiers.
Those people who are inclined to
slight their ''r's' should be careful. A
little investigation shows that the ''r"
is nothing to be sneezed at. II you
have an "r'' in your name, either your
Christian or surname, you have a
chance to get into the class with the
great ones Of the world. The list OF
men Of wealth and fame who boast OF
an 'tr' in their cognomens is surpris-
ingly long and would seem to indicate
that the letter which NEWCOMERS so
habitually slight and elude and distort
is the lucky letter. The richest man
in the world is John D. Rockefeller,
whose name begins and ends with an
'r," although his title to the first place
among the worlds millionaires may be
contested by Baron Rothschild, who
also has the lucky letter. Among other
American men of great wealth the AS
tors, the Vanderbilts and Bradley Mar
tin stand out prominently and all have
the "r." Then there are the handlers
of gold and stocks of international
fame, the Lazard Freres, Barring Gould,
the house Of N. w. Harris & Co., all
with the "r."
The rich men of Chicago also show
the lucky mark, P. D. Armour, Levi q.
Letter, Lambert Tree, Potter Palmer
and J. V. Farwell being among the
number, and in other walks Of life,
turning from mere riches to fame Of
other kinds, there are Carter Harrison,
Robert e. Burke, Robert Redfield and
Robert Waller among the Democratic
machine leaders and Lorimer, Hertz,
Zina r. Carter, Graeme Stewart, John
r. Tanner and Ernest Magerstadt
among the Republicans. OF the men
nationally famous the list Is almost
endless, from Rudyard Kipling through
Alger, Shafter, George Dewey, General
Merritt and Marcus Hanna down to
Jerry Simpson, not forgetting Bryan
Teller, Stewart and Tom Reed.-Chi-
cago Chronicle.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

The first practical effort on a large
scale in scientific forestry is about to
be made in the Saranac Lake region of
New York under State auspices. Thirty
thousand acres Of woodland have been
purchased by special legislative enact
ment and the work has been intrusted
to the College of Forestry at Cornell
University. The management of this
important experiment will be directly
in the hands of Professor B. e. Fernow
formerly chief of the forestry division
at Washington. Concerning Professor
Fernow and his ideas the Railroad Ga
zette says: with regard to the profit
able and continuous farming of timber
lands his reports have often expressed
doubt as to whether the economic con
ditions were yet ripe for 1T. He now
has his hoped-for opportunity to show,
If it can be shown at the present prices
Of labor and Of stumpage, that forest
property can be managed profitably for
continuous wood crops"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16
A Natural hallway Funnel.

One of the most remarkable tunnels
in the world is the natural railway tun-
mel on the line Of the South Atlantic
and Ohio Railway, in Scott County,
Virginia. The railway apparently, and
in fact enters natural cave or grotto,
and disappears in the heart of the
mountain. The entrance to the cav
ern is about fifty feet square. Inside
of it the railway runs through a series
Of chambers for about 1900 feet, when
it energies from the other side Of the
mountain. The cave-tunnel is all in
limestone. 1t serves not only as a + ct
ural railway tunnel, but also a channel
for small stream known as Stock
Creek. Virginia also possesses nat
ural bridge over one of the aff1uents of
the James River, about twenty-five
miles northwest of Lynchburg, which
is noted for its beauty.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16
THE CITY OF NEWSPAPERS.
Paris Has Over $500 of Them and
More Coming.

Paris Has Over $500 of Them and
More Coming.
Paris publishes new newspaper at
Of the city of Paris at the last census
was 100000, and, according to the
recently published Presse Annuaire for
1899, the newspapers Of the city now
number 1857.
There are in Paris at present 40
daily political newspapers, but how
many there will be next week or
how many the week after is practically
impossible to state. If public occasion
demanded there might be another
dozen. OF the political organs in ex-
istence ninety-seven come under the
category Of republican, thirty are con-
sentative and thirteen are socialist.
The maintenance Of SO many social
list newspapers in one city is strongly
indicative of the extent to which
French papers take up and consider
politics.
The price of French newspapers is
high and the reading matter is small in
do not require much news and are per-
fectly satisfied to depend upon the post
Office as an ordinary channel Of COM
munication whenever the telegraph
fails.
More Importance is attached to liter
airy style than to exact details in local
news gathering, and 1t is, therefore,
possible to publish with entire pecuni-
ary success a Paris newspaper from
the columns Of which all items OF ex-
pensive news are omitted.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

over which the water will pour on It's
way to the tail race. But that whole
dam. weighing 10000 pounds, can be
raised seventeen feet by the efforts or
two men, with the assistance of little
hydraulic power and couple Of coun-
ter weights weighing about 5OO,OOO
pounds each. When it will be desirable
to check the flow Of the channel into
the Desplaines, owing to high water In
the river, this dam can be raised grad
ually, reducing the flow from the chan
mel until the desired height is reached.
And this is the star feature Of the con-
trolling works. The operation Of the
sluice gates, which are thirty-two feet
wide and closed by doors weighing
twenty tons each, is ordinary and SIM
pie. The doors are raised or lowered
by counter weights, according as the
flow of the channel is to be raised or re-
duced. But the elevation Of the entire
crest of the dam is matter requiring
much more engineering skill.
The Largest Dam in the World.
This is the largest bear trap dam In
the world. There is one in France, on
the river Seine. and in this country
there is one on the Monongahela River
and two near the head waters Of the
Mississippi. But they resemble this
only in the general idea that the crest
of the dam, that is, the angle over
which the water flows, can be elevated
to control the flow Of the water. Moth
ing SO immense as this dam has ever
been projected or so complete as the
mechanism by which it Is to be raised
and lowered.
At each side Of the dam tower has
been erected the top Of which will be
about fifteen feet above the surface Of
the water when the channel is in oper-
alton. In each Of these towers an I'M
mense bucket of steel and iron weigh
ing close to 100000 pounds will be
placed and the cylinder in which 1t
rises and falls will be connected with
the water by gates which can be opened
and closed at the will Of the operators.
When it is necessary to raise the crest
Of the dam to check the flow of the
water in the channel toward the river,
as in case of flood In the Desplaines
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

A correspondent Of Printers ln
sends the following to that journal
West Union, Ia, has population o.
1000. One of it's progressive firms
the dry goods establishment of ThOma
& Magner, the latter young man W'A
a training gained in selling goods l@
Carson, Prize, Scott & Co., OF Chlcag@
The writer called upon Mr.. MagneF re
nently, and found him engaged in pe
pairing a 6-column advertisement loSYI
pear in each of the three county 81"
papers. i
II have noticed, Mr.. Wagner, saw
the writer, chat you are deparuNs
somewhat from the usual Lines IN cOup
try advertising. Do you find tna' Nv
regular use Of page ads is helplng!U
business"
"Well, yes" said Mr.. Magner, 'SOp
thing is helping 1t, and | don h~
what else to blame for 1t. we n'
been compelled to put on extra 'sr
this week, and still people nave Wv
kept waiting" ..,i,,
"What do you find to be the 'aAN
feature of your ads? .,o,t
"Prices," said Mr.. Masner pTo~pTr w.
"Our advertising is all prices, ,r,
quote low figures on goods OIL NV t,p
quality, and we set apart a 'e sor,
hour of the day when we VIII VIZ" ~, 10
certain sort of goods at a cut p'ir ,oot h
also have special sales, from W." val ~
q month at which we offer special
ducements on special lines" ,pis
"Do you find that the trade lt tss ~
from this is largely confined 10 ''
cial lines, or is it generalT COZ
General. We seldom sell srom
tomer-especially a customer ED I' a,
distance-only the goods useu n,,sp
leader. 1t is my IDEA 'n@' dry goYb
farmer comes to town to buy NY iopp
t.a' has has little list that has DSsb
process for weeks, perhaps ~ n Ot
IF we can induce him TO coD 1ot"
store, we check off the enIl ,Ie+ ' tbe psI
..Then it is your opinion tna al. ~ ID il
ing of leaders is as so 70, "
country as in the city! 80 sUarns
Better. We don't have ave, wit WITH
hargain-hunters to contena arive TED 8 s
m NC, doesn't hitch up and dl tor yatb
fifteen miles to buy onls - " thp prirs
of nrints. But be does buy w
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

In an address to the Municipal
Judges association of Connecticut
Judge Simeon e. Baldwin advocated
the revival of the whipping post. Judge
Baldwin Is an ex-President Of the
American Bar Association, distin-
guished writer on legal topics, and a
Jurist Of the highest repute. He be-
neves that the science of penology has
been refined beyond the point Of use
fulness, and that in retaining only
hanging and Imprisonment as punish
ments for crime the deterrent effect Of
punishment has lost much force Evil
IDENTIFY Judge Baldwin is not In SYM
pathy with those who believe In turn
ming the penitentiaries into hospitals
for the persuasive correction Of crimi-
nal tendencies. 1t is what he says about
the reformatory power of the whip
with the young, however, that is Of
chlef interest. He contends that many
young men and boys would have been
spared criminal career and averted
rom ultimate capital punishment had
me "a" peri tied the Judges who pass
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

Those who believe in the doctrine of
heredity will find support for their the
DRY in the case of the 14-year-old girl
taken from the slums at a tender age
by family, and who repaid the kind
ness Of her foster parents by trying
10 poison them. Instances of criminal
tendencies in the young manifesting
themselves despite environment are not
unusual. But the New York society
which has been shipping hundreds of
boys from the slums to Western farms
for several years claims to have Stats
tics showing the most encouraging re-
suits, and the case Of Governor Brady
of Alaska is cited as remarkable ex-
ample.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

In all the current talk about self.
government for the Cubans, the Puerto
Ricans and the Filipinos, not much at.
tentlon has been paid to the rights and
capacities of another subject class,
American schoolboys. Is the American
schoolboy capable Of self-governmenti
Can he be induced to think Of school
regulations, not merely as rules to be
obeyed-when he cannot evade them
but obligations to be cheerfully &C.
cepted and enforced by his own aidi
Chicago has been attempting an ex-
pertinent in this direction. The boys
have been share in the government Of
several of its schools. They have
voice in making rules, and they are ex-
pected to help enforce them. The plan
Is simple. Boys whose conduct is ex-
to induce others to obey the rules, are
made Citizens" of the school common
wealth. This is regarded as a badge
of honor. Most Of the boys, 1t Is said,
are citizens. The others desire to be.
From the ranks of the citizens are
chosen "tribunes," who take an active
part in enforcing the regulations. This
post Is much coveted. 1t does not al
ways seem great fun to obey rules; but
to enforce them is quite another and
much more acceptable matter. The
principal who began the Chicago ex-
pertinent gives at least one good reason
for it. He says that the boy who grows
up with the idea that the good order
Of the school is solely the teachers duty
to enforce, will probably become the
kind of citizen who thinks that it is not
his concern to be troubled about abuses
in government. He will be too busy or
too lazy to go to the caucus in his dis
trict, or too cowardly to give assistance
in endeavors to detect and punish po-
litical frauds. This is true On the
other hard, the boy citizens who help
to make and enforce school rules are
not likely as men to become doodle"
aldermen, voting franchises for bribe,
but are very much likely to help send
such criminals to the penitentiary.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

It is a striking feature of our legisla
ton that majority vote in Congress
may begin war, while a two-thirds
vote is required to end it. A declara-
ton Of war by Congress is like an or
binary legislative enactment. To au-
thorize it, the two houses must act con-
currently, and it must receive the ap-
prevail of the President The formal
conclusion of war. however, Is reached
only by a peace treaty, which, like
other treaties, must be negotiated by
the President and approved by q two
thirds vote in the Senate. This is much
more difficult to accomplish than it is
to get majority vote in each house. At
first glance it looks as If the founders
of the republic intended to make it
easier for the nation to declare war
than to withdraw from one; to begin
trouble than to end it. They evidently
believed that in international relations
the States would act as a unit-that
party lines would disappear-and the
two-thirds requirement would serve as
salutary conservative measure. 1t
has come to pass, however, that treaties
submitted to the Senate are looked
upon as the acts Of administrations
that are in power, and because of this
have been supported, with few excep-
tons, by Senators Of the dominant
party, and opposed by the political op-
ponents. 1t rarely happens that any
party has a two-thirds majority in the
Senate. In consequence, it is usually
so difficult to secure ratification that
the Senate has not inaptly been termed
the graveyard Of treaties" The num-
Der that have failed to find approval is
large.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

Diversification is for the small farm
er. 1t makes him independent and af-
fords him numerous sources of profit.
But it is not to be forgotten that the
genius Of this age is devoted to special
cation and to production on a large
scale, and as the years go on greater
and greater proportion of the staples
of life will be produced by big land
owners who apply to farming the prin-
ciples which make such huge successes
out Of the monster manufacturing and
distributing corporations of this time.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

or other emergency, the gates will be
opened and the water in the immense
cylinders which buoy up the heavy
buckets will escape through a subter-
ranean tunnel to the tail race. AS the
water descends the buckets will also
slowly move downward and the crest
Of the bear trap dam will rise, gradual
~ checking the torrent of water from
the channel, which will be pouring
over the dam into the tail race and
thence into the Desplaines. At the
same time, Of course, the sluice gates
will be lowered, decreasing the opening
through which the water will be rush
ing and aiding the dam in keeping
back the food from the channel.
When the crest of the dam is at its
normal height foot of water will con-
stantly pass over it, carrying all the
floating matter swept down the stream
by the current, logs, lumber, and the
like, and in winter the ice, which will
be broken up as it strikes the steel
crest, and carried over dam into the
Desplaines. This is one of the princi-
pal needs Of such dam, for this float
ing matter would not pass through the
sluice gates. The water at the gates
passes under them and for depth Of a
few inches from the surface Is almost
motionless while the current pours
along underneath this ''still water
which runs Deep" OF course, floating
objects would remain at the surface
and could not get through the gates
without bobbing under the surface,
passing through and reappearing on
the surface on the other side. No log Of
wood or cake of Ice could be induced to
do this and therefore the dam Is being
constructed, for over that a current Of
water a foot deep will pour constantly
bearing on Its bosom all the fiotsam
and jetsam Of the canal.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

PLANES is at flood in the spring there
would be oceans of trouble were the
waters of the channel uncontrolled. Be-
sides all that, the law under which the
sanitary district trustees are operating
requires them at all times to control the
volume of water in the channel. 1t says
that while the population Of the sani-
tary district Of Chicago is at it's present
stage, or approximately SO, the channel
shall carry 100000 cubic feet of water
a minute. When the population in
creases, as it will in the course Of a
score Of years or less, to about double
what it now Is the channel must take
care Of 100000 cubic feet Of water
minute. It was constructed of suff
Gent capacity to fulfill the latter re-
quirement when the time comes. Just
now it is necessary therefore to control
the flow and keep it down to 100000
cubic feet a minute and this is the OBJ
ject of the controlling works.
The "Bear Trap"
While the seven mighty sluice gates
through which portion Of the water
will flow on it's way to the ''tail-race,"
as the junction with the Desplaines is
termed, are remarkable and notewor-
thy as engineering feats, the feature Of
especial prominence and the one which
stands alone at the controlling works is
the ''bear trap DAM" 1t is not a bear
trap at all. 1t is not any old kind Of a
trap. It is q dam with movable crest,
If you know what that is, and this In
its general appearance suggests the old
fashioned dead-fall bear traps, with
which Daniel Boone used to ensnare
the luckless bruins when he wanted a
new overcoat. The crest of this dam.
which is 100 feet wide, by the way.
twice as wide as any other bear trap
dam In the world. is made Of steel
plates bclted together to form q door.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

New York has recently made her first
green goods conviction In fifteen years.
The reason for this laxity on the part
Of justice Is doubtless found in the fact
that no one ever has any sympathy
with the green goods mans victim, who
confesSes himself a rascal when he en-
tiers into negotiations to purchase coun-
and richly deserves what he gets.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

ed upon tnelr first offenses to apply TIE
punishment in the form of ten or TWEEN.
ty lashes of the whip. Undoubtedly
this would be the result in some cases,
but others of more physical courage
would prefer the whip to term in
prison Or the reformatory. The prob
lem of penology is not so much to make
the punishment fit the crime as it is to
make it fit the Individual.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

1t is about time for Nikola Tesla to
come forward with another Of those
tremendous electrical discoveries which
are going to revolutionize all things,
and which never get beyond the an
nouncement stage.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

A cooking school expert is now en-
gagged in telling the intelligent poor
how to live healthily and happily on
$1S a week. The funny part Of it is
that good many Of the intelligent
poor could already give the expert
points on that very thing.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1899-03-16

American bids on the Manchurian
Railroad were way below all others,
and Russia closed with the offer. 1t
was a case of business Is business
which swung the door wide open.