davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Decorah-posten., 1899-03-03
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The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09
FARM AND GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AGRICULTURISTS.
sOmo Up-to-Date Hints About Gull
t~ivation Of the Soil and Yields
Observation-Disclosures, vitICulturs and
E1oricuIture.



In an address before the Wisconsin
State Horticultural Society, Geo. J..
Kellogg said in part:
In recommending the best plan most
likely to succeed on low situations and
poor orchard soil, l would go back to
the foundation and plant four seeds of
the most hardy apple or crab known,
such as Duchess and Hibernal or Vir-
ginia crab, plant these in a well pre-
pared spot where the future orchard
tree is to stand, protect by a bit of
fence board or the southwest side, and
30 staked and cultivated that a good
growth may be secured; the first fall
remove all but two of the most vigor-
Gus seedlings, bank up for winter and
II the size is sufficient to carry a cion,
the following spring graft two inches
below the 0 with Duchess, Hiber-
nal, Charlamoff and Virginia crab for
those kinds less hardy. II the seedlings
are too small at one year then contin-
ue the growth another season and graft
at two years.
The advantage of grating the seed
ling without transplanting is to get the
benefit Of the whole root and in no
other way can the full benefit be OBJ
tanned; grating two inches below
ground will insure the roofing Of the
scion; using Virginia crab as a stock
upon which at two to three feet to
graft, or bud in the limbs, varieties
which are less hardy. Such varieties as
Duchess, Hibernal, Glass Green and a
few others may be grated at the
ground. The gratis should be shaded
by a bit Of board till large enough to
be protected by the lath shield. Graft
two seedlings, then remove one later
on.
Second plan. Set two root gratis Of
short roots and long scions where the
future orchard tree is to stand; protect
the same as before; take up the weak
est il both gratis grow; always prune
the growing tree when the bud can be
removed with the thumb; have n CEN
trail trunk and side branches at right
angles six to twelve inches apart;
stimulate the tree to early growth but
do not cultivate after July, or cause
more than a moderate growth of wood
each year.. After trees come to bearing
do not let them overbear, or starve to
death; a tree should be fed in proper
ton to its fruitage. Most old orchards
are starved to death. The best fertil-
izer for fruit is hard wood ashes sowed
broadcast at the rate of 100 bushels per
acre annually. I would recommend for
hard places only Duchess, Hibernal,
Glass Green, Charlamoff, Mcmahon,
Wealthy, Repka Malenka, Longfeld
and Patton's Greening Of apples, and
all but the first four top worked on Vir-
ginia crab. Whitney, Virginia, Martha
and Sweet Russet for crabs. Apple
seed must be planted fresh from the
apple in the fall, or If dry, soaked till
it is plump, then frozen, mixed with
sand and planted in spring.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09
The Grain WeeviI.

A bulletin sent out from the Indiana
experiment station says: Numerous
inquiries have recently come to the
experiment station concerning a small
insect which is described as doing
great damage to the wheat in gran
aries. With. one exception no speci-
mems have. accompanied the letters,
but from the descriptions given it is
very evident that the insect is one of
the grain weeyils which commonly in
fest wheat stored in bins. 20
One of the most common of these
little. beetles is Calandria granaria, a
small, dark reddish snout beetle, which
deposits its eggs upon the grain. These
eggs soon hatch into small, footless
larvae, that eat out the substance of
the kernels, and become full-grown in
a few weeks. They then change to
pupae and soon after again transform
to adult beetles. There are several
broods each season, so they NAV he
found at almost any time during the
summer and autumn. While there are
several species of these grain weeyils.
the same remedy will do for all. AS
these insects penetrate all through the
entire bulk Of grain, it is necessary
to apply some substance that is equally
penetrating in its nature. This is
found in carbon bisulphide, which may
be had at any drug store. The vapor
OF this substance is very poisonous
and will destroy all insect life with
which it m in contact. This ma
terial is also very explosive when
brought in contact with fire. Keeping
these two points in mind it may be
handled with perfect safety. In ap-
plying the material it is well to keep
In mind the fact that it is very vola-
tile and quickly passes into vapor,
which diffuses itself throughout the en-
tire mass of grain. and as the vapor is
heavier than air ii will have a ten
sdency to settle. But in order to in
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09
The German Farmer.

John 3. Kehl, the United States con-
sui at Stettin, Germany, says that the
American farmer enjoys great advan-
tages over the German farmer in the
way Of modern labor-saving machin-
cry, larger tracts Of land, etc. AS an
offset to this, the German farms in n
more intensive way, and generally
produces full crops. These facts, how
ever, would not enable them to fight
against depression II they did not re-
ceive state aid and had not quite a
perfect system Of cooperation. At
many Of the old universities. such as
Berlin, Gottengen, Leipsic, Halle, Mu-
mich, etc., there have been founded ag-
ricultural colleges, and in all other
colleges there are chairs of agricul-
ture, with professors to lecture on the
subject, thus disseminating a valuable
amount of practical scientific knowl-
edge.
Cooperation" say the Germans, sis
the farmers stronghold and bulwark."
1Aere are cooperative credit banks,
cooperative diaries, cooperative steam
plows, and there is cooperation in
drainage and irrigation. AS a rule,
the farms are devoid of small under
growth, stumps, stones, creeping vines,
etc. Timber is equally well cared for.
In draining and irrigating, the farmers
are experts. At present a pe~rplexing
question is how to stop or check the
exodus Of labor to the cities, where
wages are higher. The salaries paid
farm laborers vary, but average 35
cents per day $50 cents during har-
vest), with the use Of a small house,
patch OF ground (about one-half acre),
and the privilege Of using the imple-
ments for cultivation of same. Single
men who board with their employer
are paid considerably less. The Ger
man government is endeavoring, both
by legislation and education, to enable
the farmer to compete with his rivals,
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09

Repeated experiments have shown
that no fear is to be entertained as
to the effect of ensilage on the quail
ity Of milk. Some Of the most
progressive dairymen IN the country
feed it, even those that are shipping
milk at fancy prices to thousands OF
customers. Good silage fed properly
Is bound to improve the quality OF the
rA- and butter rather than detract
from it. If the silage is kept in the
barn with the cows, and parts OF the
silage refuse allowed to pile up and rot
in the corners of the COW stable till 1t
becomes a fetid mass, then very likely
the milk will be affected, for 1t Is be-
lieved that the odors Of such masses
will readily impart themselves to the
milk. This is denied, we know, by
those who assert that milk will not
take in odors when In the warm state,
but we are suspicious of that kind of
reasoning. One dairyman says that he
began the feeding of silage with q
good deal of fear, but after he had fed
for some time his commission man
wrote to him that his butter was the
best in quality that it had ever been
at that time of year. AS the SELLER
of the butter knew nothing about the
silage being fed, the letter was taken
as a proof that silage, rightly fed, i'm
proves rather than detracts from the
quality Of the butter. Similar inei-
dents are constantly coming to light,
and this is only part proof that silage
IS one of the best friends of the dairy
man.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09
Varieties of Wheat.

The Pennsylvania station has been
testing wheats for more than ten years.
OF those that were tested for eight
years it says:
For the varieties tested eight years
the average yield of the first five is as
follows: Reliable, 1910; Fulcaster,
32.10; Ontario Wonder, 31.19; Wyan-
dotte Red, 1886, and Dietz Longberry
Red, 3O.64. For those tested four years,
the yield of the. first three is as fol-
lows: Royal Australian, 32.47; Jones
Square Head, 1927 and The Pool, 31.25.
1t will be noted that the order of yield
for 1897 varies considerably from that
of all the years in which the varieties
were tested, proving that the results
obtained from a single years trial, is
not an accurate test of the value of a
variety but that it should be continued
through at least two or three years in
order that the test be Of any material
value.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09

We fear our readers may become
tired of seeing this heading in the va
rious farm papers, but we assure them
there Is reason for q frequent mention
Of this pest. We know that some men
that have orchard stock to sell are
trying to belittle the danger, but the
danger exists in spite Of their efforts
to lull the country into a fancied secur-
ity. The state entomologist Of Califor-
mia says that without doubt the San
Jose scale is the greatest pest that has
aver menaced the orchards Of this
country. In California it has become
SO prevalent that it is nc longer consid-
cred possible to eradicate it. The only
thing left to do is to fight 1t in every or
chard and try to grow fruit in spite
of it. Spraying has only the effect Of
keeping down the generations Of young
ones when they make their appearance
on the orchard trees in large numbers.
But in the forests where the scale has
got a foothold no spraying that will
be effective can be done. This should
stimulate the horticulturists east of the
Rocky mountains to do what they can
to prevent the spread of the scale,
knowing as we do that once the pest
is among our wild trees it will be i'm
possible of extinction. Every state
should take energetic measures to pro-
tect it's borders. We raise troops and
spend millions to keep out foreign in
vaders when they come in the form OF
men. Why not spend money as freely
when it is necessary to repel an insect
invasion?
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09
spaylng of Cows in Switzerland.

The spaying of cows, says British
Dairy Farmer, is an operation that is
being resorted to with increasing fire.
Quency in the Swiss cantons of Vaud
and Geneva, where it has now received
a kind of official sanction, In that, after
each operation, the veterinarian makes
n distinctive slit in the left ear of the
COW that has been spayed, and sends
a declaration to the district inspector
of animals. This official then registers
the COW as boeuve, and indicates the
animal as such in the certificate of
health which Is issued in connection
with the sale of the animal or trans
ference to an abattoir. The operation
Is not universally successful, though,
owing to the employment Of antise2tic
measures, losses are very rare. With
regard to the effect of spaying upon
lactation Of mich kline, a diminution
in the yield of milk is habitually no.
tieed in the case Of very old cows and,
of cows which are already in the de-
Ginning stages of the period of lacta-
ton. On the other hand, cows that
are spayed at thu time of their fourth
or fifth calf, and shortly after calving,
continue to give a profitable flow of
milk for twenty-four to twenty-seven
months. AS to the quality of the beef
afforded by these spayed COWS, it Is
sufficient to say that butchers are al
ways on the lookout for the boeuves,
which, naturally but not too rapidly
fattened, yield meat of excellent quail
ity. Quick f%attening, indeed, is out of
the question, for it is obvious hat a
lean COW, spayed perhaps at ten years
old, could not be expected to become
boeuf de Paques-or, as we should say,
a Christmas beef-after a few weeks
forced feeding.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09

William Penn Anderson Of the rail-
way bureau of live stock statistics.
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, has lust
completed a canvass Of the range cat
tie OF the country for the Associated
Press. He says along from southern
Texas to northern Montana the grass
on the ranges, with the exception of
a few droughty spots in the fall, was
excellent. An abundant hay crop was
harvested, and a greater number of
cattle in proportion will be sustained
throughout the coming winter than
ever before. He also says there is
a wonderful increase in the calf crop,
as shown by the records of roundup
foremen on the open ranges. The
movement of cattle and sheep to feed
lots and other eastern markets dur
ing October is almost without parallel.
There is a veritable stockcar famine
in the Rockies and intermountain
states. There are thousands of cat
tie being held in close herd awaiting
shipment,
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09

Henry Allen, writing in Gleanings,
says:
have never been in favor of winter
ing bees on the "hot-bed" plan; that IL,
| have not believed in keeping bees
through the winter in a place where
the temperature is continuously main
tanned at a high point, say from 40 to
80 degrees. That is too much On the
"hot-bed" plan for me. / believe in
placing bees In winter quarters in the
fall as late as possible, or certainly
not until winter is about to set In.
Here Tin Massachusetts, that time Is
about the middle of December. On
the other hand, I want to take them
out on the approach Of spring, and that
with us is about the Goth of March.
My objection to wintering bees in a
high temperature is hal they cannot
safely be put on the summer stands in
the spring until the temperature aver
ages as high outside as that in which
the bees were wintered in, or kept In
from four to five months. The change
from a warm to a cold place works
just the same on bees as 1t does on
tender vegetables grown under glass.
Remove the glass, and down go the
plants. Place the bees on the summer
stand too early, and down go the bees
spring dwindling. I have tested both
the vegetable and the bee experiment,
and know what / am talking about.
Now / am ready to write what 1
started to write when l commenced. In
the fall Of 1896 / arranged as an expert
ment, only, a small place to winter
bees in. The room is about ten feet
long, six wide and five high. There
is room for about 30 hives of bees II
the winter-cases are removed. The wall
on the west side is about six inches
thick. The other sides are double, the
inner wall being only heavy building
paper, while the outside is boarded and
shingled. There Is a double roof to
the building, and a ventilator opening
TO the south between the two roofs;
not much ventilation at the bottom.
Floor Is the plain earth. The last two
years the bees were put In about the
middle Of December; every colony came
Jul DOtA years III IL COuuit1Ong
though the first year there was 40
ventilation at the top of the building,
and a few combs moulded a little.
This year the bees were removed IN
the eth day of March, and the six days
following were warm and summer-like.
l judged that there were about two
quarts of dead bees in all, and every
comb was as bright and clean as in the
fall. Some Of the colonies commenced
to carry in pollen inside Of "a hours
"a fact attesting the perfect way the
bees had wintsred.
Now comes the point and the theory
I wish to emphasize. There was no
such thing as an ever temperature in
the beehouse during the two winters.
7 did not want such a thing to be so.
I wanted the temperature to vary in
side as it did outside, only not to such
extremes. When it was at zero out
side 1 found it at 20 degrees inside,
and that was just as / desired it. Nor
did the temperature go above As de-
grees through the winter. There will
be no spring-dwindling here, and l
can show as fine a lot of bees as can
be found anywhere In Massachusetts.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09
WESTERN CANADA PRAIRlEs
Future Welfare of the Continent Lies in
Their Fertile Fields.

Future Welfare of the Continent Lies in
Their Fertile Fields.
The rapid progress that is being
made in the settlement Of the fertile
prairies OF Western Canada is leading
to the investigation of its resources by
those interested in having provision
made for those living in the crowded
east. for those who have been strug-
Cling for years on impoverished farms,
Tor the renter who is unable any longer
to bear up under the strain imposed by
the landlord, and for the farmer who,
unable to purchase farms for his sons
IN his own neighborhood, has to look
around for lower priced lands. The
investigation shows that It is impos-
sible to meet these conditions success
fully outside of Western Canada. AL
ready millions of bushels of wheat are
being grown there each year., while as
many as $4,000 head of cattle were
shipped out this year. A representa-
tive OF The Germania, Milwaukee, n
OF h leading German papers in the
United States, recently made a trip
through Manitoba, Assiniboia, Alberta
and Saskatchewan, where lie the free
government lands of Western Canada,
and In a future issue will appear ex-
tracts from fatterlng letters c%ontribut-
ed to the Germania and other papers
by their special correspondents. AS
an inducement for immigrants to make
their homes in Canada, the Canadian
government offers 100 acres Of land
free of cost to any settler.
For further information apply to
Canadian Government Agent, Depart
ment Interior, Ottawa, Canada, or
to ". H. Rogers, Watertown, S. D.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09
Old Oats Best for Horaas.

The amount of moisture in new oats
makes them much dearer than old
when used to feed horses, a y the
Boston Cultivator. The difference in
price is almost always offset by the loss
in weight when the oats are kept till
freezing weather dries them out, but
still more serious loss from the feed
ing of new oats is their laxative effect
on horses hard at work. They also
often cause collie in horses not used to
them. 1t is best always to buy some
old oats to mix with them and thus
gradually accustom the animal to their
use. II no old oats can be had, mix
some wheat bran with them, feeding
dry, of course, and give at first very
few oats, gradually increasing the
quantity as it is found that the horse
is not injured. If this ration is too
laxative, give some wheat fine mid
dlings with the oats. These cause a
costive condition Of bowels and should
not be kept up after the diarrhea is
once. checked.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09
The BrandywIne Strawberry.

G. e. Chapman, writing in the Straw
berry CuIturist, says: l feel az though
1 can hardly say enough in praise Of
this variety, though l see by the Gull
turist that it has ONE adverse reports
in some parts of the country, yet here
it is a fine variety both in plant and
fruit. l notice that n writer says 1t
is a poor grower and undesirable. l
wish he could come to North Stoning-
ton. l would like to show him my
plants of this variety. 1t is at home
here and one of the strongest growers
l ever saw. l have rows of it set four
feet apart and two feet in the row that
are a wonder to look at. 1t is a good
bearer of large berries and the best
In quality of any berry it has ever been
my privilege to taste, and l fully con-
cur in the opinion of Abner Holdings
worth in the Farm Journal, "as an all
round good berry l know of nothing
BETTER" and If l could have only one
berry for home use that is the one I
should grow.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09

ment near here WoR't take ducks as q
gift this fall. We sold ducks this
year in June fer 10 cents per pound,
live weight, by shipping them some
$50 miles. The drift wal about one
sixth of a pound per duck, the expenses
SLIPS, and the cost of feed per pound
was 3 20 cents; so. not counting labor,
there was a nice profit on them. Two
weeks after this n could have re-
ceived but five cents per pound. One
must get up in the morning to catch
the good prices.
Ducks with us hatch well and do
nothing after Matching but grow and
grow. Last year and this year we
lost but two per hundred, SO, aside from
labor, there would be money in 1t
for US to sell at s cents. l would
rather raise SIX ducks than one turkey,
and four ducks than one chicken, from
the standpoint of labor and bother.
The worry part of 1T is even more
largely in favor of ducks. The eggs
always hatch well for US, too, and the
ducks lay well.-E. C.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-03-09

~
1t Is said that everything is created
for a purpose, but If anyone can ex-
plain the use Of the mite to me I
Will be better informed upon the vari-
GUS uses OF insect life than at present.
One thing I know it does for me, it
makes me keep a cleaner henhouse
than formerly, because il / did not
clean often I fear the myriads Of feet
within might walk away with the en-
tire building. OF all pests the mite"
Is by far the meanest. They multiply
like the larva Of the blue-bottle fly,
OF which a great naturalist once said,
THE eggs of ten blue-bottle 1ies can
hatch enough maggots to eat up the
carcass of a horse as quickly as a
lion could do it," So 1t is with the
eggs Of the risky little insect. One can
clean them all up, and 10! in the even
ing OF the next day their numbers are
legion. For three summers I have
waged war against the things, with
fire and birthstone, and coal oil, and
ashes, and lime, and many "celebrat-
ed" insect d%estroyers, and yet, when
l would step inside the houses to gath
er the eggs, they. would swarm over
my feet and hands like a pack Of starv-
ing wolves. But this, the fourth sum-
mer, I determined to purchase no
more insect exterminators," but to
try the cheap and ever-handy hot
water bath, This l find to be the most
effective and fatal of all remedies.
Each day scald-scald-scald. They
cannot withstand hot water, and be-
sides it is cheap; even a most persist
emit and determined mite must wilt be-
fore the scalding wave, and their NUM-
bers lessen rapidly. Try 1t, all ye WHO
are troubled by the little pests.