The record-union., 1899-03-29


Many Of the questions infringed on
the Wednesday program, the speaker
/ said. Tomorrow I shall discuss ball
anced and unbalanced rations," he ex-
planned, ..and at that time I shall show
you what is the best combination of
foods"
APPLE PESTS.
| Owing to the absence of W. H. Mich
OILS who was to talk Of creameries, B.
NJ. ,elong spoke, out or order, on RE
sistant Stock for Apples He had
many roots, gratis and object lessons
for the elucidation of his theme He
said the Northern Spy had the power
of resisting the woolly aphis, and that
by its use the pest was over
come. He passed number of roots
and specimens to the audience and they
were carefully examined with much in
/ terest.
Mr. Lelong's talk was brief and prac-
tical, and the speaker gave those pres
ent a number of copies of a horticult-
ural report, fully explaining the theme,
from which these extracts are taken:
! Many remedies have been used
against the woolly-aphis (Schizoneura
| lanigera), but with only partial sue
cess. Hot water poured about the roots
while the trees are dormant has les
sened the insects and greatly benefited
the trees. The rosin solution has also
been used with beneficial results, by
pouring Oh the roots and swellings and
by spraying on the trunks and infested
limbs.
TIE past season extensive expert
ments were made with bisulphide of
carbon some with excellent results,
while others did much damage to their
trees. 1t was used in winter. The
soil was loosened and the liquid in
jected into the SOIL The best results
were attained where the soil was mod
lerately dry and we'll pulverized Care
must be exercised not to apply the
liquid too close to the tree or it's
roots, as they will be injured. From
one TO three ounces of the liquid to the
: tree was used, according to size.
/ Aphis-resistant stocks is the only sure
/ solution of the difficulty. The woolly
aphis, SO called, is well known to nearly
every appre-grower. All remedies how
ever efectual. have given only tempor-
ary relief. In Australia SO deadly the at
| tacks CT this insect become that apple
culture was almost abandoned, until the
discovery of aphis-resistant stocks. 1t
| was discovered that the Northern Spy
on its own roots was absolutely aphis-
proof. Other varieties, such as the
! Winter Majetin, Gravenstein, Duchess
OF Oldenburg, New England, Striped
/ BeaIfin, Perfection, Lord Woolsey and
Irish Peach, were all found to be aphis-
PROOF, but the Northern Spy is the most
preferable.
In this State, Rawle's Janet and Col
den Russet have been known to some
what resist the attacks Of the aphis,
but are not absolutely aphis-proof.
There are three methods of growing
| aphis resistant stocks
First method Is to side graft a piece
OF any kind of apple on an oblique cut
| on resistant cion two inches from its
base. The cions emit roots of their
own below the inserted root; the fol-
lowing winter the plants are lifted and
the piece of root that was grated on
is cut clean out, leaving, of course, the
young plants now on their own roots.
! Second method: Another method
pursued is to propagate the species by
their own roots as root cuttings; in
planting the roots leaving the small
est trace only above the surface. These
root cuttings make fine trees and are
fit to regraft the following season.
Northern Spy cions are also grated on
! their own roots: likewise, Northern Spy
and Majetin cions are also worked on
Northern Spy roots, or Northern Spy
! on Majetin roots. It seems to make
but little difference either way; they
are aphis-preof stocks, and all varieties
worked on them do well.
| Third method: This differs but lit
tie from the first method The young
apple seedlings are taken UP in Janu-
ary or February, the roots washed of
all dirt, etc. and cut into lengths of
about four inches. There are various
ways of uniting the root and cion, but
the whip and tongue CRAFTS are the most
preferable. The cions and roots being
prepared are united to the root as fol-
lows: An oblique or sloping cut or
tongue is made in the root and the cion
is likewise prepared, which is cut from
four to ten inches long. and united
with the foot, leaving to it a projection
from one to two inches long below the
point of union.
AS each graft is made it is tightly
bound with strips of calico or cotton
cloth to keep the parts in place or can
be wrapped with strips of waxed paper.
These decay shortly after the planting
of the graft The secret of success
is the same as in all grating. The in
ner bark Of the cion and root must be
in close contact at one or more points.
The union only takes place where these
parts are associated. The gratis are
then put away in sand until planting
time in February, in the following man
ner:
On the floor of the propagating house
or shed, sand is spread out at a suffi-
cient depth to cover the gratis The
gratis are stood up or laid down at
an angle of 45 degrees. in punches or
loose, and covered with sand to within
an inch or two of the top. They are
kept in the sand until the cion and root
callous over; they are then taken out
of the sand and planted in nursery.
While they are in the sand, care must
be exercised that they be not too wet,
as the bark of the cion and the root are
liable to decay; again, they must not
be allowed to get dry, or the bark of the
CRAFTS will shrivel and prevent union
of the two--cion and root.
In the spring, when the gratis sprout,
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