davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

Thc Governor 81 Oregon is an ardent
admirer 81 Pc-ru-ns. lie keeps 80 con.
tnually ia the house. Ia recent let
Ter 20 Dr. Hartman be Says
STATE oF OREooN,
EXECUTIVE DErARrHENT,
SALEM, May y, iees.
The Pe-ru-na Medicine Co, Coium bus, O. /.
Dear Sire IL have had occasion 90 use
your Pe-ru-na medicine in my family
FOR colds, and 10 proved 10 be an excel.
lent remedy. I have not had occasion
~ usc 10 for other ailments.
Yours very truly, M. Lord.
Any man who wishes perfect health
must be entirely free from catarrh. Ca
tarrh Is well.nsgh universali almost
omniprcseut. Pe-ru-nai tn only ahso-
Lutte safeguard known. a cold Is ihc boz
ginning ~ catarrh. To prevent colds.
% cure colds, Be- 30 cheat catarrh out 81
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

Omaha. u.o f2-Ths senatorial a.ua.
ua1 .s la.Iy becoming more complicated
anI these aro .hosc who claim that tho
appoInfm,n. uf either Allen or n tchcoch
ulI. Ne-Hp' fhe parry and that tne rov,r.
nor Uli be comps HeI either 90 arr,. .,t "a
DARK horse or 0aurcie % th, ro1uest
made by Orlando Teft chairman ~ tho
state repuhi can committee. ana cal "a
special s.a.ion ot ihe legislature to sot-
te fho matter
Governor Pointer returned 10 Lincoln
today. 1u ha arrival at the state house
he was bcseircd by "a horde of friends II
both Hitchcock and Allen Tho governor
put in the day looklng over the mail and
'elegrams Some think Bryan win be ap-
pioned oasine their bel ~ upon the fact
Dor on the morning Hayward Hicd. tho
governor wac cloFctsd for several hours
with Charles By,n. brother OF W J.
Bryan
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

Senator Mason has introduced In
the senate a resolution expressing
sympathy for the Boers. As result
senator Mason is the target at which
Tray, Blanche aud Sweetheart of the
administration p ess are shooting their
wads Of disapprcval, says the Omaha
World Herald. Times have changed
materially during The last two or three
years OF this country's history. A few
years ago the man who expressed
sympathy for people struggling for
liberty was rot denounced as a dema
gogue Then a man who stood upon
the floor OF congress ano declared his
sympathies 10 be with people strug
Cling for self-govcrnm nt was net de-
nouneed a. copPerhead and as a
"traitor Ouly few years ago the
party now Ia power declared Ia one OF
it's national platforms that I'VE be.
lieve the just representation OF all the
people 20 be the foundation OF our
republican government Today that
same party by its action declares that
I'VE believe the just representation OF
part OF the people TO be the founda
tion OF our republican government.
Today the mAu who expresses his
sympathy for the Filiplnos, who are
dghting for the right to govern them
selves Is denounced as "copps cad "
Today the man who expr ses bis
sympathy for the Boers. who are dght.
ing 20 maintain their republic Is De.
nounced 10y the administration organs
~ "demAgogue. All this is but the
natural result OF giving over the man.
Agement Of our governmental Ahairs
10 men who think more OF money than
they do Of men, more Of gold than
they do OF goodness, more of self than
.of suffering humanity.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

New YORK, Dee -Ho.ard n Mol
neux was vifinly petricd th.f mornlng
when the prosecut on called to tho VIII
Ness chair Mamie Melando. formerly a
forewoman in the Newark paint factory
OF which hoiineuN was c-prcsideui.
She was questioned concerning tho note
paper kept by Mohncux in his rooms az
the factory. and test ned that this papcr
Naa W rohbins-egg huc, with a crest OF
three silver c-etf '1terlacoi. This
same paper was usel in "a certain incrimi
mating etter Whose authorship. .Molineux
den eel. Miu Melando testified that she
had discussed the paper with Bariow s
Weeks last January Mrs Weeks having
cent Cor her Tho woman was reluctant
witn,ss, being evidently fond of Mol.n.ux
and evidently aware of her testimony.
While Miss M,ando gave no direct
evidence aga nat Molineux her testimony
was considered by the prosecution as es-
tabhfhng the identity Of .dolinsuK and
the mysterious ,erson who wrote 20 the
med sol house
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

he victims. Pe-ru.na not only cures CO
iarrh, but prevents. Every household
should be supplied with this great rsai
edy for coughs, colds and so forth.
10 will be noticed that tho Governor
says he has not had occasion 10 use Pc
ru-na for other ailments. The reason
for this is, most other ailments begin
with a cold. Using Pe-ru-na 10 prompt
ly cure colds, he protects his family
against other ailments. This is exactly
what every other family Ia the United
States should do. Keep pe-ru-na In tho
house. Use 70 for coughr, colds, Ia
grippe, and other climatic affections Of
winter, and there will be no other all
monts In the house. Such families
should provide themselves with a copy
~ nr. Hartman's FREQ book, entitled
Winter Caiarrh" Address DR.. Hart
man, Columbus, Ohio.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13
srnscnlrTInN. nATEs.


The members Of the above associa-
tiod are notified that a special meet.
log will De held at Oklahoma City on
Monday. December is,iso9, at2 o'clock
d. M. sharp. for the election OF dele
gates 20 the national Press Associa
ton az New Orleans In March, 1900,
and for other business purposes.
The secretary and treasurer VIII
make full reports at tins meeting and
the executive committee Is especially
requested 20 be in attendance la a
body. FRANZ MCmAhrth'
Lon WuORroN, Sec. President.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

Prof Campbell has Arranged for Thrce
IIaborats Meetings.

Prof Campbell has Arranged for Three
Elaborate Meetings.
Something new Ia club work, what
might bc styled the educational club
movement. has been stirted by Prof.
Campbell. the city schools superinteu
dent. The ladies prominent in club
work 10 the city have taken interest
In Il and will appear on the pr, gram
which is prepared Tor each meeting
The 6rst is 10 be held December no..
from 90 3 o'clock, in the Christian
church the second Go be- held fcbru
airy a. 1900. from o. o'clock. in The
= church, and the third 20 bc helc
April %, 1900, from Co o'clock in
che Presbyterian church
Each ef the clubs has appointed
eight mem bcrt, Two Tor each school,
20 visit the school, inspect the work,
and report At the different meetings
This plan will enlist the earnest co.
operation of the good women belong
ing 10 the clubs ia the great work Of
the education OF the children.
The following named ladies cunsti .
tute the committee 90 visit the various
schools, aud report oD December 40.
1899
Central school Mrs GOV. Barnes,
Mr.. p Il Lucas
Capitol school Mrs. v B. Paine.
Mrs. n n Hopkins.
Banner school Mrs n + Asp, Mrs.
+ y Lille
Lincoln school-Mrs A. T. Grissell.
Mrs. W. = Frazier.
The ladies taking part Ia this splen-
did move ment will prepare papers 90
be read and discussed at Zach meeting
on different subjects concerning the
best interests Of the public schools.
Other patrons of the schools will take
par5 in these meetings. nr j A
Clark will give lecture on the sub.
jcct. Mental and Physical Defects Boo
Children, Some Causes and Cures
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

~ you do rot think the trusts are
getting In their work Just read this
statement oi r. II Crosby, a leading
merchant Of Topeka, kansas. "ln
August ! bought Blackstone, brand
Of muslin, for 41l cents q yard In
September ! paid 5A cents for the
same goods Lonsdale cambric bought
In August FOR ~ cents and In septem-
Der for 2 y cents. Woolens have ad.
vaneed fully ten per cent, aud lace
curtains 25 per cent, while Stable cloth
aud linoleums have advanced i5 per
cent Furniture Is going clear out Of
sight, and this applies especially TO
iron beds. All kieds OF carpets ex.
cept BRUSSELS have gone up In price.
It's all foolishness 10 pretend that
this increase in price is due to an in
creased demand The combinAtio ns
among the manufacturers are the POI
tent factors
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

Austin T,xls uec lin an interview
today IS Bryan expire rosscd himself up-
on the financial hUl hc saidt
Following .n .he ln. of the pres dents
message eoneress 8. 100 present consider
inF b.u that an extremely bad meas
arc D fcfer to tho nnanc al BIN This
hIl Or very bad ono indeed 70 ls part
of the sold standard peoples plan. and p
hope ihat 30 viii be defeated. 20 should
certainly never br allowed Co pass house
because 90 is not in the interest of OLD
democracy"
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

look for relief from the party now in
power or Co hope for a reduction o.
taxes under a system which must nee.
tssarily absorb every dollar which
can be raised
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13
cnNfKlcr LanoR Is nlmall.

TIE admin strAtion got such bad
scare over the emphatic protest which
the working people Ia Ohio re- istered
against IL policy In the recent election
that IL e going into the explaining
business y th its usual lack Of Hccur
acy aud tact. senator Clark. Of wy.
oming just besk from Hawaii hiss
the hardihood 20 state ,het contract
labor Is thing q the pact In Hawai-
and there is no desire Among the plan
tcrs Of the islands 20 hire labor infer
ior To the ordinary American farm la.
borer,'
This b. thc sort Of thing the admin
istration approves, but unfortunately
the facts are diGersat Thousands of
Chinese aud other contract laborcrs
have been rushed into the Hawaiian
islands since their annexation and the
conditions never were worse Contract
labor ia Hawaii means practical sla
very
The working people Of this country
have already given the warning as 90
he threatened danger Of an Invasion
OF cheap labor, which can so easily be
brought into this country by way Of
our new possessions TO deny that
contract labor exists in Hawaii will
excite serious apprehension that nc
protective legislation is contemplated
m the imperialist scheme Of affairs
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

IT 10 hardly likely that Governor
barnes has gone 20 Washington to
have himself removed.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

TnE Filipino rebellion is over. &C.
eording 10 General Oils. Yet Manila
Is not safe place for the wives OF ar
my officers.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

ELEcrmFiED hosiery Is the latest In
the New York swAgger set. shock
iaE
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

GES. Oris 10 unable to locate three
divisions OF his army. However, he
has no trouble In locating the rebels
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13

AMOS EwISo should use some OF bis
o'i tests on those quail shippers.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-12-13
M. B. LeaVitt's
Gorgeous spectuacular Extravaganza
Spider and Fly
Presentedupon scale OF Grandeur
and Regal spleudor
f0-peopla
High class specia'ties

See The Nag g0idcent scenery. the
gorgeous costumes, the superb balle,s,
the gold aud silver march. the vauda-
vile surprises, the new hits in frolic,
folly, fantasy, seats now on sale at
WallAces drug store, Prices 75-iO0. los
Box seats 600.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25

in the matter of tho estate ~ VIII
Ham A. Norion. deceased. judge llileh
today granted the petition ~ J, e.. Fox.
who. ftNriui weeks ago, rsked for tho
ro-lssup ~ letters tcstumenurv. and
appointed William !. ligrrcttr aGninla-
traitor. under % $500 bond
The ease prDfantod an unusual state
OF facts hy the petitioner alleging that
John g., DnOly. as former administrator,
failed tn account fur about $4,000 nf
tho estates funds. HrCruing from a sale
of a tWo-thlrds Interest IN the Charles
bIDlHuF' mining property IN Idaho,
Tho petitioner is the administrator
Cor tho estate In Idaho Mir nnrrotte
is 70 member of the law firm ~ Pierce.
Critchluw ana liarrottc, which appeared
Tor tho petitioner Mr. pooly MAS rrp-
resented hy Judge Hardness
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25

Judge Cherry made the following or
dsrs TODAY.
". j, Reed v8 Union Central Llfo In
surancc company. demurrer oyerruled
and ten DAYS 10 answer.
a. n. Courtney SO !. q. Anderson;
motion 90 dismiss appeal overrulcd and
ton days flNau appellant 10 NE new
undertaking
". 49, WiciR ys J. $. poylei order To
show cause why appeal should not be-
dismissed continued TO March nth.
q, J, Rang 10 al " g, NJ, iinnHcni
motion o. dismiss appeal argued and
taken under ulyiacment.
10. l., Davis W q, N. Hanson; same,
James A, Lake W n. l.. Driver ct al
motion 20 dismiss appeal overruled and
ten days % on" new undertaking.
salt Lake hardware company vs.
Mountain lee company. etc; judgment
previously entered now set aside and
now lriui ordord.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25

The supreme court, In an opinion
handed down this afternoon, affirmed
the Judgment ~ the lower court In the
ease M ~ 49, nrhrdHiey w =. w Nor
rison md T.. y Kinney, appellants.
This was an action, tried before Judrn
Cherry aud "a Jury. 10 recover damage
from the appellants for alleged furcihlr
custer ~ lieardsley from the Everett
Hotel no North Halt Lake, during the
boom days uf 1898. The trouble was
over thr payment ~ rent. Al the trial
the jury found fnr iienrdsiey, assessing
hlF damages IN the sum OF siis.2'.
which The supreme court now sustninH.
chief Justice Bartch delivered the
opinion Justice iinsiin and District
Judge Mc'ufty concurrng,
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25

Estate Of Susanna Kammorle ne.
ceased. charles knmmcrlr appointed
administrator under 500 bond,
Estate OF Bakrn Thorkolson, de-
ceased hearing ON petition FOR settle
mont Of unal account referred 10 Clerk
Blair.
Estate uf Edward Brain, deceased.
hearing nu tho petition of heirs ask
ing thlt an accounting be- rendered by
the admInlstrauiX. Sarah j. Peters,
and Tor ihH sale Of personal properly
ordered Htt down Tor trial.
Estate ana guardianship of Stonia
and Vera shaver, minors a, Hanauer
IL. appointed guardian under - $1,000
bond.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25

-, Louis. Md.. Feb. as.-AocordinE 10
articles OF incorporation which wCrs
ilcd at Jofferuon city today. ~, louis
II 10 have another street railroad. A
charter was issued by the secretary OF
state 10 the Midland Terminal Railway
CO., 0f ~. Louis, with a capital stock
of $4,000. one OF the incorporates
stated that tho capital stock was but
nominal ana that tho charter was
sought by non-rcsldents who are not
connected In any way with Brown
brothers ~ New York. or the owners
81 other street railroads In this city.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25
nyIsITING TnR STATE PRISON.

Tho House met at o'clock this ar
ternoon nnd disposed Of considerable
routine business, after which Il adj
Jouraod. The senate had ALREADY com.
plelcd 10 work Tor the day. Therefore
huih branches were free 10 take adj
vantage on tho Invitation 10 visit the
state prison, The members lcft about
$500 on llapid Transit cars ana made
tho run direct 10 the Pen" where they
were welcomed into the Institution by
warden Dow, They made q Thorough
Inspection of tho institution and then
were served with q delicious luncheon
IS hlch thuy pgrtOOk ~ heartily The
nemhort VIII return about 6 o'clock this
evening,
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25
rromotlon. for schI,, and snmp.on.

Washinton,Fo 25--The understand.
Ing among Admiral schley's friends
now ~ that they viii not further press
the question Of Admiral Simpsons nd.
yunccment over Admiral Schley. They
VIII therefore ngt6e TO let the nomina-
lions be- confirmed with little II any
more debate, depending upon further
legislation To place Admiral Schley he-
fore tho country In the position which
purpose 10 ask that provision be made
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25
LOS ANGELES SHIPMENT.

Tho J.. q. McDonald Candy company
shipped by freight today 1900 lbs or
Their Famous Molassos Nuggets Ia ~,
W. stewart q Company OF Los Angeles,
California. This speaks we'll, both for
Mr.. McD0nald'a goods ana FOR Measra.
stewart 4 co In handling this very de-
sirable product.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25
FUNERAL OF MRS. RUDY.

The funeral services over the remains
late Mrs Anna Maria nlehl Rudy. WHO
Of Henry Rudy, VIA be- held In the
Fifteenth ward meeting house tomor-
row. sunday, at ~ o'clock. noon.
Friends of the family invited.
The remains can be- vowed at tho
family residence. 2il =. Fourth West
street tomorrow, from 10 10 10 ii:se
a. m
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25
A.W. M'CUNE ON THE STAND


To the best Of my recollection he said
that Law wanted to meet him In
Maratch drag store.
ma sou or Mr. Thatcher make any
replyf | did not; I do not know
whgthur Moses Thatcher ala.
McUNE on THE STAND.
Afr. Mccuno continued: I give my
personal attention 10 the nffnirn of tho
campaign, ! am governed by the nd
Vice OF my managers.
can give no account ~ your cxpendi-
what has been expended 10 date?
Probably $500 or $1,000.
DO you know OF any money having
hcon used hy ynurfelf or your mana.
gora for the purpose ~ currupting
members ~ the Legislature or ~ In
ducinR them aa bride 10 vote for
ynuf No. rlr. do not.
When you went over 60 SEQ Mr.. Law
dl1 you then know that Mr. Crosby
and Mr. i,ohinrpn would b. present on
Saturday ! knew that they would be
present.
Did you say to Law that they would
not be present. ! did not.
cRoss-ENAMiNED.
ENpondcs no money prior 60 thu OPEN
80 -. hfff hHHfHHiANHHNHH NNN' NNNA NNAANAN' -
includes an that has been spent. tho
Whole amount likely 30 De- reached hy
tie ClCHo ~ the campaign may be- be-.
tween ti0.Uop uud fii.Nn.
What were your instructions 10 your
manager ur 30 thu use ~ money! None.
IN particular. When he needed money
l,c called upon me Tor A..
How much 80 you give % the Demo-
cratic campaign FUND.- don't know
uNactiN' about ten or twelve thousand
dollars
What do you estimate your wealth
aii refuse a. answer
You refuse h answer I do. II has
nothing 10 do with this question aud II
b. none Of your business
That makes you a little warm, docs
M Yes, hlr.
Have you ever been arrcsted9 Yes,
Hlri once whom IN a bayfield, at Nephi.
Arthur Pratt arrested mo on some
charge relating 10 the selling ~ liquor
IN tho Indian reservation without "a
license.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25

oc, Three aad rour Year, In the state
Prison.

Eugene Green and Charles Vivian.
the former convicted OF grand larceny
and the latter ~ burglary, were son.
fenced 10 thrive and four years rcspcc-
tiyoiy hy Judge Nnrrell this afternoon.
vivian II one ~ the three men cun-
vlctod ~ hurglnrlEinR tho store "
utrnea.iiardy Company.
Green ~ the man who stole horse
valued nc til0 belonging TO Llcwcllyn
Lindsay
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25
r,sp.r,, do. Z. Airs.

The sale of George NJ, scotts Interest
IN tho Yosemite No. 3 mine al bingham
a. the Iuh Title Insurance ana Trust
company Tor f.uD was Hot aside by
Judge liilOa today ana the hid % y. ".
Alrlr Of 5000 made In open court was
accepted and the sale confirmed. The
vale Hvt aside was reported week nFo
by Assignee llugh Anderson, who also
reported that the interest u George NJ
Rrutl q Company IN the property was
recently sold for $500.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25

lie went 10 tho coast In hopes Of recur.
ing an Improvement In his health. hut
M thiH n" was disappointed. There has
not Hocn flueh change In his condition
except that he IL ~ little weaker. u IL
hoped. however that tho return To
Utah VIII load 10 marked Improvement
Ia hir health.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25

rartiln aafl nf fhn statutes. pruNiuiue
fpr tho dlatflhufiUn ~ tho estates n
dccsdcutr, and fpr accounts NJ oNeru-
tprH
4 communication was received an
rnurriur tn passage ~ q. ~ No. NJ,
establishing branch agricultural tx.
pertinent station ut cedar ny aud
making appropriation f1r the same.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25

An Information accusing J. n. Free
man and Albert Edwards with the
crime pf houFsbrcnling. was nlei with
thr uirfk uf the Third district court to-
day, There arr two cases against Free
man, ThHy uro accused ~ having to-
EHthcr entered tho lodging house ~
James vs.. sHtrioa. " Commercial street,
on the sih 90 February. 1895. Freeman
o. charged with having entered the
same place two days later.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25

Topeka, Kan. Fob. .i.-Lleutcnant
Commander q. A. ReeH, 4. 4. n. who
was signal officer with Admiral Dew
ey.H ne-t ana who stood upon me
bridge with the admiral during the blt-
t.e " Manila. has arrived la Topeka o.
Alsll relatives, accompanied by Mrs,
lsfes ana was shown marked honor by
hovernor stanley and the Kansas leg
iHlaiuro. The naval officer was ~
celNel by the governor nnd both
branches Of the legislature and spoke
briefly before both the house and ren-
ate
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25
HlLI.s INTRODUCED.

The following Senate bills were intro
ducri, read Tor the hrHt time, and re-
frfrcd a. committee Tor consideration
=. w. No, 49, by Chambers, An act
making an appropriation To- the Ma
tiunnl Guard 81 Utah
=. ~. No, a.. by Tanner. making am
appropriation o. parties who advanced
money and labor a. complete the
liranch Sormul school al cedar city.
s. u. No. e., by Howell. amending
section 4023 NJ the statutes, providing
Tor notices by mail under tho proyiH-
ions of the probate code
5. u. No 70. BY Howell, amending
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-02-25
sANirAIlY LAW PASSES.

Senate nlll No 10. by Mrs, Cannon,
was taken up Ia special order II proc
yldes fnr tho suppression of nulsuncea
and runtagiuus Diseases. prvrcrlhra
quarantine rules and regulations. aud
relates 20 burial permits, health OF
schools. diseased animals, and Ncter-
mary surgeons. The bill was passed,
-uN.-- IN L------ =