davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
GENERAL n ARkETS.
Live stock.

Chicago-Cattle-Best heavy strong. 9TH
Qs slow; generally weak: ow market
steady; good feeders firm others about
steady. Reeves, "a loQts6 co. cows. SO 25a
n 60; heiiers. SO 75QS5 Is; Gamers, $2d$S
steers and feeders. S3uS4 rs: Texas grass
steers. SO 25qti 25; Il, fed beeves, 81 GoaS5 50;
western Sass 30 Hogs-Left over Si36
Steady TO shade highc Mixed and butch
srs, 50 S0qA %; goo. heavy. 8 soasi 10;
rough heavy So 1898 3; light, SO 75llS3 80 /:
bulk OF sales. SO 90Q$4.
East Buffalo. N Y.-Hogs-Y orkers. s4d
y 0e, mixed. 81 0S0Si Il best weights, 81 10
6t4 is; pigs siqs4 o.. heep-Lambs. So 50d
u: bulk good. "a 75QA -; sheep, 81 SoaS4 10;
wethsrs and yearlings 81 l0qs4 80.
Detroit Grain Market.
No. 2 red wheat, &c; December, Toe;
May, 7iiRc; No. 3 rel 66iRc; mixed red
lbiac; mixed white e9ac; No white. zoe.
No. 2 corn. S4ei No. white oats. re;
No rye. SIC; November beans, 81 rs.
Chicago Grain Market.
Whcat-December, nc: May Tlbc. Corn
December. Sl%c J W. slB Oats-De-
cember, pc; May. "a P9rk-December'
81 81: January. 81 a. May. 81 -. Lard
December, 81 So; j, uary, s. OF, May
s. q. Ribs-January, 81 81; May, s. %.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
FAILED TO CONNECT.
Masked Men Attempted to Rob .
Lake Shore Train

Erie, Pa, Nov. IA daring at
tempt was made by gang Of masked
men TO rob Lake Shore train No. 2,
between Erie and Conneaut, at /
o'clock Thursday morning. The rob
bers boarded the train at Ashtabula,
where 1t stopped 20 take water. At q
lonely place called Dock junction, two
miles east OF Conncaut, the express
messenger stepped from one car TO an
other for the purpose OF checking up
some express bills, when one OF the
gang sprang into the car and broke
into several packages. But before he
could get to where the money envel-
opes We're, the messenger returned,
and seeing the robber at work gave
the alarm. The other members OF the
gang, who were standing guard on the
platform OF the west end OF the car,
pulled the bellrope. and when the
train stollPvd jumped off and made
their escape In the darkness. No. 2
carries several thousand dollars worth
OF money packages every trip. SO far
as known, the robbers did not secure
any booty The men all wore dark
masks and were well armed.
It was learned at the office Of the
Lake Shore road that the door of the
express car was broken In by the rob
bers with n heavy brake wheel. while
tho messenger In general charge was
In n car ahead. Il. Z. Gould, general
manager Of the United States Express
Co., said he was unable 10 state
whether the robbers had taken any
booty.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24

Michigan Lumbermcn Against Pro-
yIncinI Government.


Quebec, Nov. 2O.-Great interest Is
felt in the famous test case OF the
Michigan iumbermen against the pro-
vincial govcl nment Of Ontario. IL Is
tel decide the constltutionality of the
act forlidding the export of saw logs
from the province for the purpose Of
compelling Americans who purchased
timber limits in good faith from the
government to manufacture their saw
logs into lumber in Canadian mills, In
stead of conveying them to their own
mills In Michigan and other states for
manufacture.
On account Of the great Importance
Of the issues involved In this case,
and the arguments being completed,
the court has taken 1t under advise
ment, and no matter what decision Is
rendered it is pretty sure to be APP
pealed to the queens privy counsel.
Counsel for the lumbermen urged
that the statute could not be retroac-
tive, and hence could be enforced only
in the case Of logs cut upon timber linn
It's sold subsequent to its enactment.
He also attacked the cOnstitutionaliy.
The provinces Of ne dominion are pro-
hibitcd from legislating upon matters
Of trade and commerce. ext In this
case one of them directly prohibited
the export Of an important article Of
commerce. The government might as
we'll prohibit the export OF wheat, and
declare that all wheat grown in the
province should be ground into -four
there. Or the Northwest Territories
might as well prohibit the export Of
live cattle. and declare THAI all cattle
there should be slaughtered in the ter
ritores 1t was attempted to be shown
that this matter was beyond he pur-
view Of the Onario government, and
could only be legislated on by the do
minion parliament.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
Brave Explorers

Like Stanley and Livingston, found
1t harder to overcome malaria, fever
and ague, and typhoid disease germs
than savage cannibals; but thousands
have found that Electric Bitters is a
wonderful cure for al! malarial diseases.
IT you have childs with fever, aches in
back of neck and head, and tired, worn
out feeling, a trial will convence YOU of
their merit. w. A. Null of Webb, III
writes: my children suffered for more
than year with chills and fever; then
two bottles of Electric Bitters cured
them" Only soc. Try them. Guar
ranteed. Sold by Sharrar & Mulhol-
land, druggists.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
To Attack Estcourt.

Lourenzo, Marques. Nov. 1.-THE
Standard and Diggers News, Of
Johannesburg on Tuesday published Of
fetal advices confirming the report
that 1900 Beers were advancing on
Estcourt. Estcourt Is short OF artillery.
The garrison may retire to the Mooi
river, southwark, In case a strong force
OF Beers should advance. The ell emy's
intention is to keep back the British
relieving column.
The searching OF the mines contin-
ues. but no startlir discoveries have
been made beyond the finding OF a
case of interesting documents. In one
of the shafts, rel; ng to the reform
conspiracy at the ne Of the Jamison
raid.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
Six Frightful Failures.

Six terriable failures of six different
doctors nearly sent VIM. II. Mullen of
Lockland, o., TO an early grave. All
said he had fatal lung trouble and
that he must soon die. But he was
urged to try DR.. Kings New Discovery
for consumption. After taking FIVE bot
ties he was entirely cured. 1t is posi-
lively guaranteed to cure all diseases
OF throat, chest and lungs, including
coughs, colds, la grippe, Pneumonia,
bronchitis, asthma, hay fever, Group
whooping cough. soc and 81 90 Trial
bottles free at Sharrar & Mulholland's
drug store.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
Republican, to Meet.

Chicago, Nov. 2O.-The executive
cCrlmittee Of the Republican National
League will meet In Washington. Tues
day, Dec -, ~ fix upon the time and
place for its convention in 1900 The
meeting has been called by Presidcpt
George Stone. of San Francisco. and
official notice has been sent out 10y
Secretary ID. IL. Stone from the Chi
cagJ headquarters. The indications
point TO considerable rivalry over a
convention city. { licago, lndianapO-
lis. 81. Louis. st. Paul, Galveston and
possibly Philadelphia will ask for the
gathering. The commercial clubs ~
st. Paul and Galveston are taking an
active interest In securing the conven.
ton for their city
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24

1t will not be surprise to any who
are at all familiar with the good qualities
of Chamberlain Cough Remedy, to
know that people everywhere take
pleasure in relating their experience in
the use of that splendid medicine and
in telling of the benefit they have re-
ceived from it, OF bad colds it has cured,
of threatened attacks of pneumonia it
has averted and of the children it has
saved from attacks of Group and whoop-
ing cough. 1t is grand, good medi-
cine. For sale by Bivins s. Rhodes,
druggists.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
|. II. Thurness, Mgr. Wills Ceerk

A. H. Thurness. Mgr. Wills Ceerk
Coal Co., Buffalo. o., writes: 4 have
been affected with Kidney and Bladder
trouble for years, passing gravel
stones, accom- panied by excruciation
pains. Other medicines only gave
temporary relief After taking Foley's
Kidney Cure, the result was surprising.
A few doses started the brick dust,
little fine stones, etc and new I have
no pain across my kidneys and feel like
a new man. Foley's Kidney Cure has
done me $1,000 worth of good.
Sharrar & Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
SCOTS
EMULSION

1t is very palatable and easily
digested. If you will take plenty
of fresh air, and exercise, and
SCOTS EMULSION steadily,
there Is very little doubt about
your recovery.
There are hypophosphites in 1t;
they give strength and tone up the
nervous system while the cod-liver
oil feeds and nourishes.
SOC and st.oo, all druggists
SCOTT & BOVINE, Chemists, New York
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
What Well Known Railroad
Man and Resident Of Lima
thinks of Foley's Kidney
Cure,

l have been troubled great deal with
backaches, was induced to try Foley's
Kidney Cure, and one bottle entirely
relieved me. l gladly recommended it
to any one, especially my friends
amony the train men, who are usually
afflicted. Geo. H. Hausan,
Engineer on L. f. & W.R.R.
Sharrar & Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
Ninety Per Cent

OF the people are afflicted with some
form OF humor. and this causes variety
OF diseases. The reason why Hoods Sar-
saparlla cures when all others fail is found
in the fact that it effectually expels the
humor. Scrofula salt rheum. boils and all
cruptions are permanently cured by this
great medicine.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24

J. d. Bridges, Editor Democrat"
Lancaster, n. H, says, Zone Minute
Cough Cure is the best remedy for
Group l ever used" Immediately re-
lieves and cures coughs, colds, Group,
asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, grippe
and all throat and lnng troubles. 1t
prevents consumption. Sharrar &
Mulholland,
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
Don't RISK Your Life,

Many of your friends, or people whom
YOU know of have contracted consump
ton, pneumonia or other fatal disease,
by neglect Of simple cold or cough
Foley's Honey and Tar, safe sure anc
pleasant cough medicine, would have
saved them. 1t is guaranteed. Sharrai
& Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
Editor Sees Wonders.

Editor w. V. Barry Of Lexington.
Tenn in exploring Mammoth Cave,
contracted severe case of piles. His
quick cure through using Bucklen's
Arnica Salve convinced him il is an
other world wonder. Cures piles. in.
juries, inflammation, and all bodily
eruptions. Only 2sc at Sharrar & Mui-
hollands.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
How to Prevent a Cold

After exposure or when you feel a
cold coming on take a dose of Foley's
Honey and Tar. 1t never fails and will
prevent Pneumonia or consumption if
taken in time. Sharrar & Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
Made Young Again.

Zone of DR.. Kings New Life Pills
each night for two weeks has put me Ia
my teens again" writes d. III. Turned
OF Dempseyton. Pa. They are the best
IN the world for liver, stomach and bow.
els. Purely vegetable. Never gripe.
only 25c at Sharrar & Mulhollaud.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
EOrHOarsaneSS.

Geo. A Pontins, Upper Sandusky, 20,
writes: 81 have been using Foley's
Honey and Tar for sore throat and
hoarseness and find it is the best RENE
dy ever tried 1t stopped the cough
Immediately and relieved all soreness.
Sharrar & Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24

DR.. w. Wilson, Italy Hill, N. Y, SAYS,
81 heartily recommend One Minute
Cough Cure. 1t gave my wife immedi.
ate relief in suffocating asthma" Pleas
ant to take. Never fails to quickly
cures all coughs, colds, throat and lung
troubles. Sharrar & Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24

You never know what form of blood
poison will follow constipation Keep
the liver clean by using DeWitt's Little
Early Risers and you will avoid trouble.
They are famous little pills for consti-
patton and liver and bowel troubles.
Sharrar & Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24

81 wouldn't be without DeWitt's
Witch Hazel Salve for any considera-
ton writes Thos. B. Rhodes, Center
field, o. Infallible for piles, cuts.
burns and all skin diseases. Beware of
counterfeits. Sharrar & Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24

Mrs. Thomas Riddleman. Parshall-
vile, Mich, writes: az was troubled
with Salt Rheum tor over thirteen
years, had tried number of doctors
without relief. My husband bought a
box of Banner Salve, which l applied
two or three times and my hands be-
gan to get better. In a short time they
were entirely cured" Sharrar & Null
holland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24

Dr. IL. II. Haden, Summit, Ala, saws,
Il think Kodol Dyspepsia Cure is
splendid medicine. l prescribe it, and
my confidence in 1t grows with contin-
ued use" 1t digests what you eat and
quickly cures dyspepsia and indiges.
ton. Sharrar & Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24

Little colds" eglected-,housand Of
lives sacrificed every year. DR.. Woods
Norway Pine Syrup cures little colds
cures big colds too down to the very verge
Of consumption.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24

Years Of suffering relieved IN a night
Itching piles yield at once to the curative
properties OF Donns Ointment Never
fails. At any drug store so cents
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24

You know what that tired feeling is
and you may know what will cure ii by
giving Hoods Sarsaparlla fair trial.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1899-11-24
ACUENAkDO
CAN'T LIGHT
GEN. YOUNG's SWIFT MARCH IS
RUSHING HIM.
CiLIPINOs COMPLETELY DT9MORAL-
lied BY CONSTANT SURPRISES.
AMERICANS ADVANCING RAPIDLY
ON SAN FABIAN.

Manila, Nov. 1T.-Reports have been
received here from Gen. Young, dated
Humingam. Humingam Is about thir-
ty miles east Of San Fabian. Gen
Young is supposed u have advanced
considerably further toward san Ia
bian- A correspondent Of the AsSo-
ciated Press telegraphs an account OK
the rapid pace with which Gen. Young
covered the road with his cavaAry.
The Macabebe scouts completely sur
prised and demoraliZed the insurgents
around the low country. a messenger
and reinforccmcnts who were captured
say no town from San Jose TO San
Nicolas expected the arrival Of the
Americans until a day or two after
they actually arriy cd.
Aguinaldo and his government are
said to be making desperate efforts 10
escape to Bayombong. All the infor-
nation here Is that he is still In the
low country.
Lieut.. Johnston, with Troop NJ,
Third Cavalry, captured yesterday al
San Nicolas twelve barrels containing
the wardrobe of Aguinaldo's Wfe,
some personal effects, the records OF
the secretary OF war and much com
missary and medical supplies. Sonora
Aguinaldo probably escaped over the
divide, but the secretary of war Is
thought TO be inside the lines.
American Prisoners Rescued.
Thos. w. Hayes, civilian, and Cal
vim :. Davis, Of the Sixteenth lnfan-
try, who were held prisoners by the in
surgeuts, have been rescued. Col.
Vessels captured ut Tayug several
hundred thousand pounds of rice, 100
pounds of salt, 5,JOO pounds of flour
marked Dayton, O." 100 pounds OF
sugar, 1900 new uniforms and hun
treds OF thousands of Mauser shells.
The names OF Lieut.. Gilmore and
seven Of his men ere found written
on the walls OF Il convent Of san
Quintin. The garriSonS Of all the
towns surprised resisted fecbly. Gen.
Wheaton has not yet appeared.
Remains of Maj. Logan Inferred.
The remains of Maj. John A. Logan,
killed IN action at san Jacinto, Satur-
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-10
SCIENTIFIC JOTTINCS.

An improved railroad spike mas a
slot formed in one side in which a
toOthed plate is inserted, the points of
the teeth lying inside the line of the
side Of the spike until driven out by a
steel wedge after the spike is in place
to lock it in the tie.
In a new leveling device a shaft is
Journaled i'll the center Of a dial to car
ry a weighted arrow, the lower edge
Of the dial being flattened to the rest
on the surface to be leyeled. while the
arrow swings around to indicate the
position of the object.
A table has been designed which will
remain level on board a ship, the top
Of the table being carried by a vertical
post intersecting two horizontal rods
j%ournaled at their ends in the base of
the table, with a weight at the lower
end of the rod to balance it.
a Washington woman has patented
a sleeping bag for Use in cold climates
having the fur or other material
formed into a tube at the lower end
and extended at the top to form two
fiat flaps, with a pillow attached to the
under one, the upper flap engaging the
lower to close it around the head
An Englishman has invented a car
rier which will preserve fish alive dur
ing transportation, an upper ber
in the receptacle being filled with oy-
ygen, which is absorbed by tho water
to purify it, the Earring of the carrier
in shipment tending to absorb the n.y.
ygen.
To prevent rugs from slipping on the
floor and turning up at the corners .
Massachusetts inventor has patented ,
suction cup of rubber, a number ~
which are placed around the edges ~
the rug and pressed against the floor
to expel the air underneath and -
cause them to fasten themselves down
The color of a railroad lamn can he
changed without replacing the eloha
by the use of a new attachment formed
OF a wire spiral, with a ring at either
end, to be inserted in a colored cloth
cylinder, which is drawn over the
globe and held in place by catches on
the rings.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-10
Acetylene for Street Lighting.

The City of Wabash, Ind, is soon
to be lighted by an acetylene gas
plant, now being Installed by the Lo-
gansport and Wabash Valley Gas Com
pany, otherwise known as the DIETRICH
Syndicate. says the Railways Review.
The machinery and materials are now
on the ground and the city authorities
inform III that the street lights will
probably be in operation shortly. The
city has heretofore been lighted by ar
tiicial gas. in the usual way. and the
substitution of acetylene for street
lighting Is an experiment which has
been but. little tried.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-10
AN AGENT OF WEALTH..

Professor Arthur r. Hadley of Yale,
the new president of the American
Economic association, is a distinguish
ed teacher of the science with which
sthe organization concerns itself. For
some years he has been professor of
economics at Yale, and his writings
upon that topic have been widely read.
Wis textbook, Economics" is n of
the most useful volumes of it's kind and
is held in high esteem. Professor Had
ley has a reputation as an economist
chat is not limited to the United States
and he is in every way fitted for the
post voted him by his fellows in the
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-10
MIR. ARTHUR w. FERGUSON.

"a a W.. l. IN DoAN.
come. He was educated at Georgetown
college.
It was when Blaine called together
that notable assemblage from North,
South and Central America, known as
n International American congress,
that Ferguson first made his appear
nee as an official interpreter. Mr..
Blaine's right hand man on that par
tlcular occasion was William e. Cur
It's, who, in looking around for trans
tators and Interpreters, recalled that
young Ferguson had spent his early
life in a Spanish-American country,
and was doubtless fitted for this par
tIcuiar work. Ferguson undertook the
TASK, n he made his bow as official
interpreter by taking the memorable
speech of James G. Blaine, greeting the
South and Central Americans, and
rendering it into Spanish. 1t was no
easy task, for Blaine spoke rapidly and
with that wealth of figurative speech
which always marked his discourse.
But Ferguson did it not only rapidly
and we'll, but with felicity of express
sion, such nice shading Of figures and
metaphors that it drew the enthusiasts
tic applause of those Spanish auditors.
1t was such that when Blaine turned
from the reading he remarked to some
state department officials:
II don't know whether that was my
triumph or F~erguson's."
At all events Ferguson made his
reputation then and there as an inter-
prefer, who could not only give the
letter of the speech, but could convey
its spirit, even it's accent and it's modu-
lations by which the speaker sought to
impress one or the other feature upon
his hearers. Since then he has acted
as interpreter in many notable gath
erings. He is a man Of splendid ply
sique, six feet three inches in height.
broad shouldered and robust, weighing
probably $50 pounds.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-10
Rulers Of Europe.

OF the present rulers of European
empires and kingdoms only one-third
assembled the throne by direct Leredi-
tary rights. Out Of the seventeen
reisning emperors and kings only five
are sons OF previous rulers. These are
in Prussia, Saxony, Italy, Belgium and
Servia. In Sweden, Portugal, Bava-
ria and Turkey brothers of the former
sovereigns occupy the thrones, while
in Austria, Wurtemberg and England
a nephew and niece Of the previous
ly reigning uncle and aunt are in
power. Iii Russia the crown princes
death caused his brothers. succession
to the throne.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-10
STUCK TO HIS ELBOW.
War Revenue Stamps Which Disa ppeared
but Turned UD,

but Turned Up.
"These war revenue stamps are GER
tainly an unmitigated nuisance" said
a New Orleans business man to q
Jlmes-Democrat reporter, respectfully
the ones we are obliged to attach to
our kilograms. l don't care how fire.
quently you use the wires in the course
OF the day you are still as liable as
ever to forget to stamp the last mes
sage. A few nights ago l had occasion
to send a telegram from my home, and
the servant came back in about an
hour to say that I'd neglected to put
on the stamp. | rushed him out to buy
a few, and after a good deal of trouble
ne secured a couple at a drug store
the only ones, | really believe, in the
whole neighborhood. By that time |
concluded to rewTite the message, and
before doing so placed the stamps
carefully on the edge of my library
table. When | got the wording ar
ranged to suit me they had vanished
disappeared into space. ! never
knew of anything more mysterious. !
was certain down to a fraction of IN
inch where | had put the COMPOUNDED
things. There was no breeze or cur
rent OF air to have carried them away,
and no time for them to be hidden by
accidental disorder. Yet they were
gone; that was undeniable, and we
searched and researched in vain. We
pried into all sorts of impossible hooks
and crannies, and at last gave up in
despair. | was tired out. grimy and
eNasperated, and rather than 20 to II
further trouble concluded 20 wait UNI
til next day before sending the tclc-
gram. When | got down to the store
in the morning | pulled off my coat,
and the first thing I saw was the two
stamps sticking to my sleeve at the
elbow. ! suppose | must have touched
them accidentally while writing, and
they hung to the cloth like grim death.
Anyhow, I had had them right there,
literally at my elbow, all the while
we were making hat search. | didn't
say anything, because I couldn't think
of anything that seemed to fit the case.
But telegraph stamps are a nuisance.
They ought to be abolished and some
thing substituted that involves less
sorrow and sweat and ~swearing."
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-10
WAS A WEIGHTY TASK
fHE PART FERGUSON PLAYED
IN PEACE NEGOTIATIONS.
dc First Became Famous During the
Sessions Of the Pan-American Congress
by Delivering Blaine's Great Speech in
Spanish.

Gable reports from Paris have had
much to say of late of the splendid
work done by Mr.. Arthur w. Fergu-
son, attached to the American peace
commission as official interpreter. He
Us the son of Col. Tom. Ferguson, who
distinguished himself in the Mexican
war, and at the close Of that war To-
Gated in Mexico. 1t was there that AT
thur Ferguson was born and received
early training amid the old Spanish
surroundings which fitted him for the
skillful interpreter he has since be-