New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-01-29
. NETWORK OF EXTRACTION
s RAVENS FOR FUGITIVE cRIMI-
NAILS scARcER EACH YEAR

~ THE WORK OF OBTAINING THEIR
--,-rs AND HOW IT Is DoNE-coUN-
TRIES WITH WHICH THERE rs
NO TREATY.
.,rr+on Ian. 2S-Foreign Ravens for fug'-
'-.1u.,s IRE becoming scarcer each year.
Wv. .,r,ost impossible now for man to COM
The smallest kind Of crime In the
n'. states and find a country of refuge from
un".o o.,no. be extradited Yet. notwith-
,,.s N. constantly growing scarcity OF
-, asylums. with each succeeding year nv.
SUI" 70 criminals attempt to escape punish
=, nv fleeing 20 distant parts
.,n.a-, rapid transit offers greater tempta-
e,sht thnn did the slow transit OF for
wv" ears Latter-day fugitives from justice
nv. overlook the fact that extradition
nv ord treaties have kept pace with improve
&c IN transportation. This may be due 10
soo-acv with which extradition work is con-
snc,ed In fact. little or nothing has peeh pun
80 through which the criminally inclined
.,r,s learn OF the increased facilities ana ao-
'....d methods Of extraditiOn
r.e u,ork is all done through the Solicitor OF
.. s,ate Department Although as distinctly
.. ,ne handling Of diplomatic affairs, extradi-
,on has nothing TO do with the laws OF ha''olls
:" ,,s entire calendar Of crime piracy is the
only international offence. The next nearest
'"s ooh - such an offence is the murder OF
,hs ruler Of a country. The killing OF the ruler
:, country in open rebellion is not even d"
.x.-oaitable offence international law ooeS
=. -eauirn one nation TO hand criminals over
:, another: therefore the transfer OF accused
..-sors from one country 70 another Is Simply
matter OF reciprocal courtesy. The Ohi'eu
Go never surrenders fug!tives unless II has
o., extradition treaty with the country HOh
rrh,oh they have fed. This treaty must also
cove- the crimes with which they are charged
And there are but few instances recorded Where
.,s United States has asked for the surrender
y, fugitive criminal from another country as
an act Of courtesy without treaty
Fairly complete treaties exist with austria
Hungary. Baden, Bavaria Belgium Colombia
ecuador. France, Great Britain Hayt' ltaly'
Janan. Luxembourg Mexico, the Netheriahds'
Nicaragua the North German Confederauoh'
Norway Prussia. other states OF the Oernahlc
Confederation. Russia. San Salvador, sweden
and Switzerland. Negotiations are penang win
Argentina. Brazil and the Orange Free state
In 10 1890 this country had asked for the sur
render from other countries of o49 fugitive GRIM
,n,ls. and the number Of acquisitions made by
other countries upon the United States up 10
the same period was 004 Of which number only
o97 were honored Since 1890 149 criminals
have been surrendered 10 other countries
EXPENSES OF EXTRACTION.
Usually ali the expenses Of extraditons are
borne by the countries requesting them The
expenses attached TO American acquisitions are
borne by the counties Of the States wanting fu-
gtives The United States bears the expense
only in the cases OF violato,s Of the United
States laws. such as cOunterfeitng and mall
robbing The average cost OF bringing fugi-
tive back TO this country is $400 and in many
cases the crime does not warrant this outlay.
In the case OF Carpenter and other employees Of
the Railway Of Northern France the cost 10 the
French Government was nearly 100000 francs
The rule there and In most other countries is TO
follow UP even trivial cases II they are covered
in the treaties a matter OF example
Fully half the extraditing is done with as
much secrecy as is the work Of the Secret Ser
vice The telegraph and cable play their part.
II a criminal is known 10 have fed from an
American State 10 foreign country. the Gov
ernor Of the State wanting him or her, as the
case NAV be, informs the Secretary Of State. II
the fugitive is expected TO lane in England, for
instance. the Secretary of state cables the
United States Ambassador at London 10 ask for
the provisional detention Of the fugitive pend
ing the arrival Of formal papers The Ambassa-
dor communicates with the British Foreign
Once and the latter with Scotland Yard. The
fugitive is arrested, taken before a magistrate
and committed 20 await the arrival OF the papers
accusing him Of treaty offence. The Burden
diamond robbers were apprehended in this way
In London
After a fugitive has been temporarily de-
tanned the Governor Of the State desiring him
sends what information and evidence he has
against the accused 10 the Secretary Of State.
The papers are examined by the Solicitor OF the
State Department. The information filed against
the accused must contain afidavts OF witnesses
showing the commission Of a crime enumerated
IN the treaty with the country 10 which the &C
cused has taken flight. II the information is
properly authenticated and the crime is ex-
tradtable PRESIDENTS warrant is prepared
by the State Department This is signed by the
President and authenticated by the foreign Am
bassador or Minister in Washington. II is then
delivered TO the Governor making the request or
The detective proceeds to London or any other
given capital and places himself in charge Of the
United States Ambassador who makes a formal
request, by authority OF the Presidents warrant
Tor the surrender of the fugitive The latter
may employ counsel and make fight against
returning TO America. or he may surrender him.
sell without counsel hearing. The time re-
CURED to secure the offender depends entirely
upon his ability 10 discover technicalities in
the treaty between the two countries. The case
may be appealed 10 the higher courts, and con-
sumo months and possibly years.
All governments. as rule, surrender on the
hndlngs Of the last court in which the case IS
heard There but few cases recorded Where
foreign fugitive has been discharged by the
secretary Of State the President OF the United
states after an American magistrate has held
lm Tor surrender. After a prisoner has beer
utn W