The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-07-09

produce variation of strength of cur
rent as nearly as may be in exact proper
1 ton TO the velocity of particle of all
/ moved by sound, and he invented a meth
\ Cd of doing SO. \ piece of iron attached
| to membrane and thus moved to and
/ fro in the neighborhood of an electric
magnet has proved perfectly successful.
| The battery and wire of this electro mag
net are in circuit with the telegraph wire.
/ and the wire of another electro magnet at
the receiving station.
This second electro magnet has a solid
| bar OF iron Tor core, which is attracted at
one end by a thick disk of iron tube sur
rounding the coil and bar. The free circu-
lar end OF the tube constitutes one pole
OF the electro magnet, and the adjacent
free end of the bar core the other. a thin
circular iron disk held pressed against
the end of the tube by the electro magnet
attraction and free TO vibrate through a
very small space without touching the
central pole, constitutes the sounder by
which the electric eject is reconverted
into sound.
With my ear pressed against this disk
1 heard ii distinctly speak several senteu-
ces. l need scarceiy say 1 was astonished
and delighted. So were others, including
some Judges of our group. who witnessed
the experiments and verified with their
own ears the electric transmission OF
speech. This, perhaps the greatest mar
vel achieved by the electric telegraph has
been obtained by appliances of quite u
homeSpun and ruolmentdry character.
With some more advanced plans and more
powerful apparatus, We may confidently
expect that Mr.. Bell will give us the
means of making the voice and spoken
words audible through electric wire to an
ear hundred miles distant.
By the time this report was published,
thousands OF the brightest minds OF the
country had been turned in the direction
of experimentation and Improvement on
the telephone. Bell himself mad discover
ed that "a far more convenient form OF re-
ceiver than the piece of iron attached
to a membrane" was one which substi-
tuted a. circular iron disk firmly cldSped
in front of a magnet. This was found TO
Vibrate in much better unison with the
transmitter into which words were spoken
at the other end of the circuit.
Although a precisely similar continuance
10 the Bell receiver, as it is now generally
called, Will serve for a transmltter,
known as the Blake carbon transmitter,
has now been generally adopted. This
form of transmitter substitutes for the
magnet behind the iron diaphragm
number OF small pieces of loose carbon
placed between a carbon diaphragm ana
solid support. Carbon was found to be
preferable to metal on account of its pc
culiar properties for transmitting sound
So delicate and susceptible Ia sound is the
carbon transmitter that the FOOTBALLS of
lily crossing the carbon disk produce
perceptible sound in the telephone.
The carbon transmitter substitutes for
the impulses of electricity, which were in
duced in the original form of transmitter
by the action of the iron diaphragm on
the magnet an electric current which pass
eS directly through the carbon diaphragm
and the loose carbon behind il. In this
case, the vibrations of the voice falling ON
the carbon disk, affect the current direct
ly. The electrical impulses are accentuat-
ed by the motion transmitted through the
disk to the loose carbon. In this shape
they are transmitted to the wire. and
a series of impulses corresponding ex-
actly in rapidity and shape or quality
to those sent out are then reconverted
into fac smile sounds at the receiving
AS electricity travels with
the velocity of light, which is much
swifter than sound. the telephone carries
and delivers the words spoken into II
much more swiftly than the voice una1ded
by the electric current could send them.
The method described is known as the
system. and is in general use at
present on all lines of any great length
In the most improved instruments the |
Blake carbon transmitter is used in con- |
nection with the Bell receiver
Specially contrived batteries are nos.
used for reinforcing the current on long |
distance lines, and magnetic coils are |
caused by the voice into suitable form
for long distance transmission. A tnou- |
sand improvements in call bells for at |
tracing the attention of the central sta-
ton in the arrangement ana construction
Of the transmitting and receiving instrn-
ments themselves, in the system of switch |
boards and switches employed at the cen |
trail stations, and in methods OF making
have been added since the |
telephone was first put into practical OPP |
Grafton by Graham Bell and MS asSocl-
ates These are all more or less famlhdr |
To the millions of persons who nave oc- |
"a sion daily to make use of the greatest !
time and Iabor-saving device of the Gen. !
tury-the electric speaking telephone