davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26
Provisional Boundary Line,

OTTAWA, Ont, Oct. 23.-The Cana
dian government was advised last even
ing that the United States and British
governments had given effect to a pro.
visional Alaskan boundary which was
arranged between Sir Louis Davies and
Mr.. Choate in London. This arrange
ment makes no change at the height
of land at Skagway, but it fixes point
on the Dalton trail. There is very lit
tie travel by this route.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26
Work of Iowa Baptists.

BOONE, Ia, Oct. 25.-At the annual
session of the Iowa State Baptist asso-
citation the preliminary meetings were
held yesterday. The pastors confer.
ence met in the morning. The annual
sermon was delivered by A. B. CHATTER,
D. D. The reports of the secretary and
treasurer were presented. John A. Earl
of Waterloo, president of the society,
delivered the annual address. Rev,
Hugh A. Heath of Keokuk, delivered an
address OH Education for Baptists."
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26

On the 10th of December, 1897, Rev.
S.A.Donahoe, pastor of the M. E.church
at South Point Pleasant, West Virgil
MIA, contracted severe cold which
was attended from the beginning by
violent coughing. He says: After
resorting to number ofso-called spe-
cifics,' usually kept in the house, to no
purpose, purchased bottle of Cham
berlain's Cough Remedy, which acted
like charm. I most cheerfully lecom-
mend it to the public" For sale by G.
w. Houston, Extra; A. H. Roberts, at
Audubon.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26
Ross News.

Horse blankets and lap robes are
being sold very cheap at The Farm
mers' Store.
Charley Heuss returned from Ne
braska Saturday where he had been
loo king after his farm.
Thos. Rutherford's little girl has
been quite i'll the past week and her
condition is not improved.
Robert Henderson bought one of
those fine new Avery wagons Mon
day from Anderson e. Ruhs.
Frank Miller, wife and mother of
Audubon, drove out and spent Sun
day with Mr.. and Mrs. Dave Hart.
William Schroeder bought fine
improved feed grinder the first of the
week with which to grind feed tor
his stock.
Matt Frost lost couple of valua-
BILE cattle from his herd the first OF
the week. He was not able to dis
cover the cause.
Markets: Wheat sic, old corn 23c,
new corn-.75 pounds to the bushel-
2lc, oats Isle, barley 2O3c, hogs $500
butter 14c, eggs loo.
Albert sFest has his house at the
head of Broadway neatly and tastily
painted making it one of the finest
residences on the street.
Will Mcdonald went to Denison
last Saturday and stayed over Sunday
visiting with his wife and her folks,
returning home Monday.
Herman Tessman has been afflicted
with a slight arrangement of his
eyes the past week but their condi-
ton is somewhat improved.
The Bates schoolhouse south of
Ross, is now inclosed, but will not, in
all probability, be completed before
needed for the winter term of school.
Ralph Lee is helping about the
Farmers Store this week owing to
the rush of business while the new
goods are arriving. Ralph is an en-
ergetic rustling boy and is not
afraid of work.
Rev. o. 7. Nichols departed for
Mt. Vernon, Monday, where he will
spend few days with his family.
now located at that place. He in
tends to return in time to hold the
regular Sunday service.
Mrs. Price, mother of Mrs. George
Ross arrived from Page county Satur-
day and will spend some time visit
lug her daughter and family at their
home-one of the most comfortable
country homes in the county.
Anchor brand salt, coarse or fine,
95cts barrel, as | have two carload
of salt that was bought before ad-
vance, will continue selling at 95cts
a barrel for short time. This is Csc
barrel under today'smarket.
j. f. LUSE.
" Mayor" Wesley Jay has received
all invitation from Mayor Jennings,
OF Council Bluffs to be present and
participate in the reception to be
given the soldier boys OF the 51st
Iowa when they return. Mayor"
Jay says he will go if they will send
him a pass and will take the entire
town along.
There is a strong probability that
Ross will enjoy the benefits of good
lecture course during the coming
winter. If plans are not changed
there will be an effort made to secure
enough season tickets to guarantee
the success of the project. If the
people will give this matter their CO.
operation they will enjoy the best en-
tertainment they have ever had. We
hope to see this matter successfully
carried in to effect and we trust we
may give our readers definite plans
and arrangements before long. Help
the course along by good word at
every opportunity.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26
Bohemian Figures Correct.

CEDAR RAPIDS, Oct. 24.-The minis
terial union, comprising upwards of 40
ministers and representing 10 denomi-
nations, unanimously passed resolu-
tons today declaring they had care
fully investigated the circulars posted
by the Bohemian Brotherhood league,
claiming that the Bohemian fraternal
societies taught infidelity, and found
the figures and statistics relative to sui
cides in the societies had been quoted
from official records and are absolutely
correct
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26
Threatened by Flames.

CoNNELLsv1LLE, Pa, Oct. 24.-Con-
nellsville is blinded today with the ter
rife forest fires which are raging with
out any interruption all along the crest
and sides of Chestnut ridge The situa-
ton is really serious, so extensive and
wide is the area of flames The air is
so laden with the binding blue smoke
that the citizens of Connellsville cannot
see across the river, and every house is
filled with the haze. Fires have crept
down and are drifting their burning
embers over South Connellsville. At
the head of the flames may be seen
hocks of hot and weary birds, squirrels
and other game.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26
Insurgents Enter Caracas.

CARACAS, Venezuela, Oct. 24.-Gen-
eral Cipriano Castro, the insurgent COM
mander during the recent revolution,
has entered this city. A warm recep-
ton was accorded him. There was no
trouble when Castro arrived and no fear
Of renewed fighting is felt, as everybody
wants peace without retaliation.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26
Rebels Active In Colombia.

CARTAGENA, Colombia, Oct. "a
News just received shows the revolu-
lion is general. The insurgents have
taken river steamers and have armed
them and have burned railroad bridges.
The government is arming and dis
patching river steamers with troops.
A government commissioner has ar
rived here
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26

greatness. after all, in spite of its
:ame. appears to be not so much GER
tain size as certain quality in human
lives. 1t may be present in lives whose
range is very small,
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26

A new back for an old one by using
Dr. Sawyer's Ukatine for kidney all
ments. w. A. Hamler, Extra; j. F.
LuSe. Ross.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26
State of Ohio, City of

Toledo, Lucas County, IS
Frank j. Cheney makes oath that
he is the senior partner of the firm of
F. j. Cheney & Co., doing business in
the city of Toledo, County and State
aforesaid, and that said firm will pay
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS for
each and every case of CATARRH
that cannot be cured by the use of
HALLS CATARRH CURE.
FRANK j. CHENEY.
Sworn to before me and subscribed
lin my presence, this 9th day of Deem
Der, A. d. 1856.
A. w. GLEASON,
Seal Notary Public.
Halls Catarrh Cure is taken inter-
nally, and acts directly on the blood
and mucous surfaces of the system.
Send for testimonial free.
F. j. CHENEY & co. Toledo, Ohio.
Sold by Druggists, 75c.
Halls Family Pills are the best.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26

'eu!AI9N .s9IW III Burger AZ ssesslp
aql dos ie!uomnaud is5unI sIoS id!ID
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26
REFORM SCHOOL WRECKED
Rioting Girls Do Ten Thousand Dollars

Rioting Girls Do Ten Thousand Dollars
Damage.
DIES MONIES, Oct 24.-Sixty seven of
the most refractory girls of the state in
dustrial school for girls at Mitchellville,
Ia, who revolted against the manage
ment on Sunday night and destroyed
more than $4,000 worth of the prop.
erty of the institution, were corraled and
brought to this city last night by Sheriff
Stout and his deputies and placed in
Jail. 1t is believed the trouble is over
for the present and the ringleaders will
be severely punished.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26
WILL BRocKETT coNFEssEs

Admits He Helped In Two Attempts to
Wreck Train at Rockford, Ia.
ROCKFORD, Ia, Oct 25.-Will Brock
EFT, arraigned for the attempted wreck
ing of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids
and Northern passenger train at Rock
ford, Ia, confessed at the preliminary
examination to two attempts Oct. and
10, and implicated Frank Fay, his
brother-in- law. Crockett testified that
Fay got him drunk and led him into
the crime. Both were held to the
grand jury in $4,000 bonds each.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-26

Mr.. and Mrs. L. ID. Phelps and
children and Mrs. Phelps, of Milton,
Vermont, spent Sunday with friends
at Extra,
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-01-01
TELEoRAPHIc eRIEFLETs.

Washington. i. -. Dee 8-soU~5to-
General Richards has rendered a1 oo.uioa
in W1ieH BE- holds thst under -erfn1 -
tariff a., 81 JaIy - ~. 81 the -eansa
metal sst aside - me produce ~ imported
lead 1r- j. nor re-exr-1~te8 zth4- stz
months from t1e 6ate ~ the receipt ~ -he
ore The regular ca-.sz rnast ~ pad on
ta~ imported ore ao1 -o- uD1r fas resres
metal produced tasgefron
Seaside ore. Dee - -(-narses willard
q desperate character. shof and slr.eS
SheriE " Williams snd Deputy Ia
ET.ers here today ard sounded DEPUTY
Miller and Ess himself Killed D. sea-.
Senator o. IS. Fs'.ou Wllara zaa s1s-
pected - burning Se-sfor Fa.tor.'e I'm
Hlsr cottage here. after sob5lag H. and
The ~ c@-s were sssrcaf-z a.s h1use ,or
stolen goods
washington Cogrt Hassr. o. De- -
Can Roay and Frank Brosu. s5ns 2
Ai1ert Broza and William RobF. Hrirz
near here. Eere burned to 5ea.a IN
Browns hogse which rss eessrsyss ~
Gre WnIs the parents Wsre a. NsE H1.-
Land. use ebsdrsn were - ll 80
house. of Ea5m tsTee escaped
L.r1inKE1n Ks De- 81 sosria. frosa
SerE@an- lu eastesn Eeafreky. says fasf
Gorge Br4zse- gro1slusn- yazax fa--
uneT. gave 8 ae.5aF ea0cc last n5ra1 81
z.rr 9rdere. stzBa-u IL ieaEe go ~
rs ref3zal 90 - sa9s sla trad FFaEer
gave h-asS-9 -
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-01-01

versities. The estimate Of $1,000 per boy
per year is not excessive when all induced
expenses are considered St Louis thus
pays $4,000 as an annual tribute 70 the
colleges OF the east II one-hah OF this
sum tsllowing the other half for living ex-
penses in ST Louis were added every
year 10 the income OF Washington Univer-
sfty. she would soon cd able 10 add
graduate school 10 her present excellent
equipment OF college. engineering, Law and
medical schools. which would soon make
her what she has aptly been called. the
Harvard Of the west. The economy o.
such an arrangement at once appears
when We realize that large and finely
equipped university would draw 10 81
Louis hundreds Of students from the Ter
ritory around Us. thus bringing a large
sum OF money 10 the city every year
Michigan University draws this year ! 20
students from other states. who bring
some $50. coo 20 Ann Arbor. Mr. Weeks
arrives az the very sound conclusion that
while a high-grade university costs
ogod deal of money. il i, after 81.
splendid investment
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-01-01
A WICHITA CYCLTST.

Everybody in Wichita remembers \. Jos
Henley. the man who owned the first BIZ
cycle in Wichita. He is now long distance
amateur cyclst champion of Missouri
He sends the Eagle thre photographs of
himself showing him on the record race
and the muscular development of his
back. and along with them a characteristic
letter in which he says:
Il still have warm place in my heart
for Wichita and her people. / am still
keeping the same old pace up tina, I did
in the good old days of Wichita. The
only thing 1 regret il that it is not Wichita
I am making these records for. Tell the
riders if they don't DO better than they
have and bring nome the championships
1 will have TO come back and hold up her
colors. What's the matter with Stanley.
He's all right
Wichita would surely welcome 10. Hen
ley back.
Following is his record for 1895.
First century January ]. starting al
midnight in the snow; % mile Missouri
road record. July H. 2:52; 10 mile Mis-
souri, road record. July 10, 6:21: hours
record Of Missouri on the track, - miles.
80 miles. August -; all local track rec
ords from 10 to 20 miles. 10 miles. 25:l5: =
miles. $500; - miles. 1850: y miles, los,
50 miles. l:21:06; 81 miles, 1886 40 miles.
52,1S; A. miles. 2:09:07; % miles. 9.22;4S;
on September 8, on October % and -: so
miles in 52:4S Missouri state record and
the largest number Of miles ever ridden
in he state; winning the Missouri cen
fury championship for '9S, making p cen
turtles.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-01-01
4 BIG GREFN-HORN.

Every once and so often and sometimes
twice there rolls into civilization some
ancient denizen Of the moss covered cult
from away OUT on he edge or ,he sun
rise and his advent on ;ns scene usually
fills the community with awe and wonder.
Las, week one such verdant misft struck
this town over the Rock Island and his
fret act brough, down The entire crew.
Each Pullman car porter has a little sep
which ne places on the platform Tor pat
rons 10 Use in reaching the car steps
This step always has in the cop 9 siit
large enough for the porter "a insert his
hand % pick IL up ny. The above men
toned emerald-hued wanderer. Just as he
was about u sc, IF. asked the conductor
where he could mail q letter. He was
told that . box would b. found on the
depot platform He climbed our in search
IF he box and spying the p1rrer.S stool
WIKI the slot. he carefully deposited his
lec,er drought ., ard or course onto The
bare platform underneath A tae train
started the coorei servant picked up NJ
box and there peacefully lay the letter
He was uet ripe enough Yet 10 PICK and
probably never VII be.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-01-01
I-rw1s ACAnEMY NoTEs.
Rhetoric and ElOcuuion.


Horace Mann SAYS ''our available knoWl-
edge IS lust wha, We can ten 10 our fei-
lows and accordingly. in all his work o.
training and placing teachers. he always
gave preference 10 the ready speaker. and
found time for rhetorical practice IN every
school program
Bacon saws writing maketh the exact
man and conference the ready man. while
Bishop Bascomb writes: An my power
as a public speaker or ready writer ! owe
to my college rhetoricals.
Believing these sentiments simply
,ruisms. and readily indorsed by every
thinking person. and surely by experienced
educators we are glad 70 say the Lewis
academy gives fun time and careful train
ing in this department. as in others.
For the past six years Lewis academy
students have had special opportunities for
the study and practice Of English compost
ton. essay. defamation and Grafton. kes-
ular work is required in writing and speak
ing from each student each term the term
credit being the same as for any othe-
study. Each Thursday morning a section
appears before the entire body ~ students
and faculty. the members OF the respective
sections presenting essays. determinations
and orations upon which each speaker has
had careful preparation and training each
day Of the preceding week. Then each
exercise i subject 10 criticism by The fac
ulty. and thus the dent 81 estimate
his power in composition and delivery
Besides this stimulant students are Of
fered prizes for superiority in oratory and
rhetoric. and public contests are he'd -
stated times each year 10 determine the
successful candidates. Further, a re-u'ar
course in theoretical elocution. lasting ten
weeks is demanded in the sophomore year.
and this. the full equivalent Of the half
years course offered by the professional
schools N cost Of from $l2 20 81 tuition.
is absolutely free 20 each student % She
Lewis academy OF course the students
take advantage Of this opportunity. to-
gether with the fact that two specialists
are ready 10 give careful attention 20 the
work OF training and are busy early and
late with training has made Lewis acad-
envy noted for the ability OF It's students
in defamation and oratory.
Students from the Lewis academy now I'm
higher schools are unanimous in their ties
timony that the great benefits which they
derived from their academic drill. place
each recipient in the frotn rank as writer
and speaker. and rhetoricals are pleasure
and a profit. We bespeak for this depart,
ment the hearty cooperation Of parents
and trust the day may soon come when
the fond but mistaken parent will write
no more excuses freeing the pupil from the
benefits OF regular rhetorical practice lu
the Lewis academy
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-01-01
WICHITAC COLLEGES
N~~~-~~0O0~@O~0O~~O00
FAIRMOUNT COLLEGE, NOTES

| PARAMOUNT COLLEGE NOTES.
| The winter term begins next Wednes-
day morning January 4.
! Mr.. Barlow. professor of Natural Sci
/ ence. arrived last night. Part of MS work
will be TO instruct the seniors in the eel
ences of geology and astronomy Some
Of the seniors profess 70 be quite we'll ad-
vanced in the latter subject-at least in
so far as it pertains to moon and star
gazing.
The sad and sudden death Of Mrs Clara
Eaton. matron of Holyoke Cottage. has
filled the hearts OF all with deep sorrow
Mrs. Eaton was We'll adapted for the po-
sition she held-so sympathetic. 50 help
ful, So ready to cheer and encourage. Not
only VIII she be greatly missed by the
young ladies OF Holyoke Cottage. but by
all VINO knew her. The funeral services
were held a the First " F. church. after
which the remains were ,aken 10 Leon
Dr.. Slutz conducted the very impressive
funeral service.
Mrs. Hagen has been employed as
housekeeper for Holyoke Cottage
Tuesday evening Miss Evelyn Imboden
entertained Prof. and Mrs Clark and Prof
and Mrs Leonard
Friday evening Mr.. and Mrs. r P Muir
dock gave a most delightful reception TO
friends and members Of the faculty
Those present We're GOvernor-elecr and
Mrs Stanley, President and Mrs Morri-
son Prof. and Mrs Roulet. Dr. and Mr.
Slutz. Prof. and Mrs. Leonard. Prof and
Mrs Clark Mr. and Mrs Hiram Imboden
Miss Evelyn Imboden. Nj J. H. Morn
son, r. K. Murdoch and Prof. and Mrs
Bosworth
President Morrison and Prof Buck at
tended the Kansas state Teachers ass0-
citation AZ Topeka "Wednesday and Thurs
day Of last week. About a thousand
teachers were assembled
The state board OF education A. . meet
IN gon Thursday voted unanimously 10
place Fairmount College or tbe list of
schools whose graduates are accepted
candidates for state certificates for teach
ing. Examinations VIII take place in Au-
gus, next for these certificates. The
board of education carefully examined ;he
authorized courses % study in Fairmount
and expressed themselves a. specially
wei pleased with their fuIlness and thor
oashness.
The following from a citizen % 8
Louis recently appeared as a communi-
cation IN the Globe Democrat. The points
made ~ the writer and by Mr Weeks.
whom ne quotes apply with equal force
u Kansas and wichita The writer says
4 very suggestive argument lu favor -
endowinK and pstronizins home unlver-
sity was recently made before ne con
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-01-01
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS
FURNISHED by the Wichita Abstract and
Land Company. II. NJ. Dubois. Abstract
or Court House. Phone 2qsD
WARRANTY DEEDS.

" Alstt<A-Nl ] lFEI-AN-
Massachusetts Mutual life ms. Co 20
John Kiefner. Jr.. Sc or sec %. Twp
Is 3w................. .-...-.....-....-. 81. so
Garret Tyson 10 {. \. Schwartz lots
.. - q. - OK. % r. Haysvlie.... ]
Peter GitzhoHen 10 James J. Jones.
10, II. block s Garden Palm. l25
William A DeizeIl to Mary Reder.
lots and 3. block p Cheney ........ 20
John 5 Homlin TO William A Delzeu.
lots and =. block y Cheney. ........ g,4
l. P. and Hattie f. Graves 20 saman-
tina r. Graves. M re or sec O. twp
Is 3w. *. r. R.-..---...-....- ..-....... Zl.'0
Howard VI. Griffith 20 William G. Nor
cross. sw or sec II. Twp 3s le....-.... -GJ1
George r. Ramsey 20 Nlckoiaus Me~
81. lots feveuj 1Gs 20 l30 Ia TO ~
Phelps ave, .oys Jos r1 fl3. igi go IN
f0ddl. Davidson ave. Gown Bentley 20
John NJ Moore 10 Ella Dorsey. bf
50 qr sec . twp q Tvs .......-.-.-..... Q 5o4
Arkansas Y. T. & Land Co. to W F.
Bishop tract formerly lots E. and
Q. block %. Cheney. .-.--......... ..
". z. Bishop 20 " " Heath. tract
formerly lots = and p block o.
'htHr5 -.---.- .---.------.---- -----....- -
c. A schwartz 20 schwartz Lumber
and Coal company. Io-s 2 and 90
Z lot g. Wcihi.s So W4t-rna7-r 81. gs
QUIT CLAIM DEEDS
" Cooper 20 Ruyert 4 Chalfart.
receivers. lots - and e6 Water e..
Gre.neus-eins add --......... ........
Jacob and Mary A 10y 20 John Xii
ner JT.. NJ ae or sec %. twp O.
r. aW.-.-----..-.--.. ..-.-.--..---.. -.-... so
A A Doyle 20 John n Moore. ~
So or sec . tsp 2. Iw ................ r.
D. J. Couch 20 NlcEolsus Heysr i9t
-. Phelps ave- tovn - Bentley
ADMINISTRATORS DIED
y. u Jones. admialz-r8-8r. 10 NJ. 1
4 Doyle. 5f 80 az sec g. twp =. Iv. g. DC
Mortgage releases ---..-. -.-.......... -
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-01-01
LONGLIVED Chalk.

5. ". Cooper mas a grandfathers clock
which has been descending TO the S. ".
Coopers for several generations. The
clock is in wonderful state of preserva-
ton. as bright as if made yesterday. The
most curious part about it. however, is
found inside the case. Some man in Phila-
delphia mended il in 1900 and wrote with
white chalk on the inside the date he
mended il and his name. The chalk is as
white and clear as the day ne wrote it.
The fire. thing s ". Cooper remembers
is the warning not to put MS fingers on
these chalk marks. So far as he knows
no one mas ever touched this writing.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-01-01
SAW THE SHOW.

When Darkest Russia" appeared here
last Monday night the manager OF Jhe
show learned that there were two Rus
sian exiles in the audience VINO had paid
for their seats. The manager spent the
entire evening trying to locate the former
exiles and put them in box. and also
get testimonial from them on the real
istic merits of the play. He was not sue
cessful in locating them. There was a
former Siberian exile in the audience. Miss
Cocinco. and she told reporter for the
Eagle the next day that the play was
splendid.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-01-01
TOWN TOPICS"

Town Topics" will be remembered by
theatre goers a some Of the best farce COM
edies that visited US last season. 1t is COM
ing again this season in a new form. The
Atlanta Free Press SAYS: Town Topics"
drew a fun house 10 the Grand last nignt
al its opening night. The thing is very
funny. 1t is a cleverly written tumble
built on a boarding house and the story Of
q lost brown vest with a fortune sewed
inside the lining. The vest plays but little
part in the show. II is only an excuse
to introduce a series of side-splitting in
cidents The fun runs furiousIy from
the start. The humor is of the rollickng
kind. yet there is not what Is termed horse
play. 1t is a clean bill of fare, and a
splendid antidote to fit of the blues. The
play has been improved since it was here
last year, several new features and new
jokes having been introduced.