The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-10-22

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two or three burials were found-one an
! almost perfect skeleton, though very
| fragile. evidently that of a woman.
THE art objects found in connection
with these remains differed somwehat
| from those of all other camps, and in
! Dictated, to my mind, a far earlier period
/ and different people occupying the site.
! Among the art objects discovered in this
connection a greater similarity 10 Esqui-
mau form of weapon and hunting gear
! could be seen, and the occurrence fnVar-
iably of red paint in connection with the
skeletons, and several other signs which
have been observed and admirably record
ed by DR.. WiIloughby, Of Peabody mu-
scum Cambridge, Mass, in connection
with his somewhat extensive explorations
in the interior Of Maine. I believe the
ancient camps which he explored, and
which very much resemble those here,
are the traces of the earlier Beotuks, who
were probably the predecessors Of the Al
gonquin Indians, of Maine, and possibly
the aboriglnes of this coast and a linn
tied interior.
in the limited amount of work I have
done this summer 1 have explored only
two points-in reality portions Of one
camp-on CampbelTs Island, further
around the end of Deer Isle than the
other islands explored. But, although
some two thousand or three thousand rel
les were found in the first two summers.
nearly an equal number has already been
found in the last few weeks in this one
ancient station.
what is entirely new in relation to
this Is that it was undoubtedly perma-
nent camp, or village, and there IS evil
Gence that as such it was occupied at
two different and quite widely separated
periods-one prehistoric and Of quite re
mote time, the other coming Gown to the,
earliest period of French exploration.
1.-The evidence that this was at both
times a permanent settlement may be
found in the fact that not only were there
evidences Of several interments, but there
was a far larger number Of ceremonial
appliances. The same thing Is shown by
the tools among which were several ieeI
picks, or chisels, of both stone and horn,
which indicate that the people passed
the winter here and used the chiseLs in
cutting through tn ice on Eggemoggin
Reach and he little tidal rivtr that en-
closed their island home.
In the older of the two strata on this
island-strata that are in most cases. so
merged as to be almost indistinguishable
the arr remains partook TO some extent
of the nature OF those on Torrey's island.
They eeemed to represent a sort of tran
sition from a blended Esquimau and In
dian possibly Beotuk-to the purely |
Algonquin style Of art and decoration. |
although these earlier remains have
the advantage in antiquity and rarity !
among museums, nevertheless the objects
and ,burials in later strata proved Of
much more interest.
"One skeleton was discovered, buried I
prone, after the fashion of the whites (
and lingering about the upper part OF the /
skeleton were plates of iron or steel, very /
much rusted, covering the breast and
part Of the head in SUCH wise as to in /
dictate that the person there buried {
whether Frenchman or Indian-was /
buried in armor OF the period. This was
made still more clear by portions of the
blade and ornamental ball and spike of /
a halberd, or battle axe and the muz
zle and a good part of the barrel of /
bell mouth blunderbuss.
THAT these were French remains was
clearly indicated by the presence of an
iron Ratchet or so-called tOmahawk, !
punched with the Jesuit trading sign Of
a Maltese cross in the earlier fashion,
that is, with five dots which distin-
guished it from the later French trading
sign Of the cross marked by four TRAN
gUlar punches.
1.-The hatchtt, therefore" continued Mr..
Gushing, mot only aided in identifying
the remains as those Of a Frenchman.
but the method of making the cross with
dots also fixed the period as the earliest
of French exploration. To find further
evidtnct TO the same effect It is only
necessary to examine the remains of cop
Per kettles found in the same strata.
In every case thtse had been carefully
cut up, so that only fragments were
found-plates. the raw material Of the
symbolic copper tubes and other valued
paraphernalia which in remcter days
werdmade by our later Indian tribes from
Lake Superior copper The old cooking
pots Of earthenware were still kept in
strvice, as evidenced by several complete
but much shattered relics, while these
copper vessels which much later replaced
the earthenware among the Indians had
been used in -tvery case as above de-
scribed.
Il is evident that the Frenchman fell in
a desperate struggle with an Indian. as
indicated by the character OF the wounds.
y we'll known historian has made
sketch which from his knowledge of m
dian warfare and customs, he considers
tolerabIy accurate in reproducing the
scene which ended the Frenchman'si
career
another relic highly priced by Mr..
Gushing, and o. Importance to The ethno-i
logical world, is 8 harpoon of elk horn.
tipped with flint. showing the prthistorie
Form OF the harpooR almost identical
with the iron pointed harpoon now used
by the Esquimau1. and heretofore be-
lieved TO be Of comparatively modern
form.
An interesting relic found az Broklin
this summer by y. Y Tibbetts of WASH
inSton, D. =. a Cottager, is an iron tom
ahaWk. with the French trading mark Of
che Maltest cross marked with the trian-
sUlar punches a. described above. 1t is
not as old 80 the one found with the
skeleton in armor
NJ Tibbetts was clambering down e
steep incline and took hold Of an o.d
stump 10 steady himself The STUMP
erumhled in his hand. and the touna hawk
al -