The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-06-15


The rights by which they obtain
these land properties are by those OF |
the law, by inheritance. or prescrip- |
ton. 10y contract OF or by debts ana
lastly by exchange which the farmers
usually do by means OF public writ
ing or contract.
Before ending this long article We
Will say a few words OF the general
processes which the cane undergocs in /
its cultivation. When the cane is
brought TO the place of grinding after
IL has been cleaned the top part of
the cane is cut about a span. this is
called "punta" or point. These in
great quantities are stepped in water
for two or three days. they are after
wards taken and brought to- the field
which is already well plowed and
cleaned and there they are planted in
rows, the distance between each row
or bed is about a yard and between
each ''punta" or stem being half a
yard. They are not planted straight
but with an inclination of 40 degrees
on the earth. 1t will be we'll to- men
ton that this planting is made by con
tract and the cost of each 10000 stocks
planted is so.
With the first rains they begin to
sprout and at the same time grass
grows around. Therefore here We have
the next process after the planting.
this is called the gilamon or that is
to say the roofing of the grass and
other herbs, which is made by the
workmen of the farm, though some
times il is made by contract costing
$3.50 the forenamed space or 10000
stocks.
When the cane is better grown comes
the next process, called "tudlin:" this
consists in the passing of the pillow be-
tween each file or bed so as to cut the
roots that have grown too long, and
also that. as by this time is the rainy
season, which is about from June to
August. and though the plants are al
ready we'll grown the rain mandates
the fields. and by these canals made
by the pillow around the plants, the
water is kept from them. When the
cane is stoutly grown a furrow is made
| in the middle of the bed, the earth
digged out is thrown on the plant.
where it is left till the grinding sea-
son comes which is about November
or December. Then the cane is cut at
about ) inches from the ground; and
brought to the grinding and working
house in large cars. The short bit of
cane that is left after the cutting of
the whole field, is burnt to ashes, and
from these ashes spring up new cane.
When this cane is grown it undergoes
the same operations as those of a field
newly planted. Fields that are worked
in this manner are called "calanaw
and these give better sugar than those
newly planted.
In &c nj "A nj
fields of great extent, and specially
when the ground is old or has been
very frequently planted to plant halt
of the farm one year giving rest to
the other. In the next year this hall
is planted while the other is resting.
The salary of the day laborer is Sl.2;
to $3.50 per week; each twelve of thes,
are watched by an overseer, whose sal
airy is So per week. Besides the farm
er must have a clerk and even two ol
three whose salary is $50 minimum
and $50 maximum. Some farmers hav,
administrators who have a salary q
from $50 to 800 and 5000.
Some farms are leased out. the rem
being in proportion to the amount u
piculs the farm gives; the rent Il
$4,000 if the farm yields 1000 piCuls q
sugar. and successfully the rent of
farm may increase or lessen aCcordin:
to the yield of the farm.
: 1t is really 4 great pity that in tn
Island of Negros it is not yet know
the great and magnificent improve
ments in the fabrication of sugar tina
are used in America. Germany, Franc
and other places of Europe. Fo
though European farmers have intro
!. duced several improvements for tn
fabrication of sugar in their farms. a
steam engines brought from Europe q
% and so horsepower. with tanks an
CHARTERS. yet these have been deficient
for the juice that passes through tn
CHARTERS into the boilers is here mike
with calX in some quantity and wit
Cod oil to clean it and clear of its daT
4 color, thus gaining little advantage
after many efforts.
The expense of picul OF sugal
II counting the expense for planning. sa
y airy of field laborers, contractors ia
;. the cutting and conveyance of TN
: cane. the bringing OF men to Negro
e from other provinces in the grindin
5 season. gives Il total of about $3.50 pc
: picul: therefore if first class sugar
$ at $3.50 in Hoilo the profit of the farm
S er will be So per picul. Therefore,
z the product of his farm is 10000 picu
annually he will have a net profit I
o $4,000
The following is an approximate ca
IL culation in regard TO the production
II sugar in the Philippine Islands.
le Pampanga. 500 piculs per annun
;, Batangas, 900; Bulacan, $500: Par
!" eastman, 81 500; Laguna. 10000; Il;
x tan. 1,500; Cavite. 10,S00; Manil
~ 1000; Nueva Ecija, 5000; Albay, 500
Ilocos Sur. 1900: and the other pro
II inces of Luzon produce sugar in lie
III quantities.
II The annual production of sugar
H. the Nisayan Islands and others is
i, follows; Cebu, 174.500 piculs; Iloil
Ell $500; Antique. $4,000; Negros. 200
$ Bohol. 10000; Capiz. 10000; Misami