davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
WHERE THEORY FAILS.
Practical Experience Is Required for suo-
cess In Poultry Raising.

Practical Experience IL Required for Suo-
oess In Poultry Raising.
A man might write his theory for all
mankind to read, but III Ii Is only a
theory what Is 1t worth? Something.
1t may answer as subject Of mental
exercise, or as guide to uncertain ex-
pertinent 1t Is necessary to have theo-
ries that they may be tested, and when
tried and found to be sound they may
be ripened as good fruits of expert
ence and packed away with the great
mass of scientific facts for future refer
ence. and these may be taken and used
by all who can get hold Of them.
People are every year commencing
to breed poultry without having any
previous experience. These beginners
must somehow learn many facts. They
perhaps may have obtained some
knowledge of the laws of reproduction,
yet If just beginning in the business
they must learn about these laws, so
as to know how to apply them. 1t is
true that lot of eggs may be left to
the care of the sitter and not thought
given to the venture until the mother
is seen trooping about with her brood
of young chickens. Their owners may
live in ignorance of the natural period
of incubation, and the faithful hen may
take charge of herself, fight in defense
of her young, travel and scratch for
food. and bring them all through
safely, till able to take care Of them
selves. What poultryman in this
country has not seen this performance?
1t is sometimes called good luck" But
who has not seen nine failures or part
jal failures to one success? The fact Is,
all domestic animals need care, and
their keepers should be well posted in
the experience Of those who have sue
cessfully acted the same part.
In these days this practical knowl-
edge must be picked up, as we might
say. Boys or young men do not bind
themselves, as they did years ago, to
learn n trade or become farmers. The
latter occupation Is not considered, by
some persons, as requiring skill, and is
rated as only fit for the dullard of the
family-and they say ''any fool may be
n farmer" But who are the fools?
Each and every department Of farm
ing requires knowledge, skill and judg-
ment in no stinted amount. The large
quantities and the value of poultry and
eggs produced and consumed In this
country make this interest one not to
be despised. 1t is enormous. And this
fact justities the organization of num-
erouS poultry associations, the holding
of shows for competition, and the pub
lication of books and periodicals de-
voted exclusively to this subject.
These means have caused a stimulus
that has been steadily operating. and
will continue to operate, till the ut
most will have been gained in quantity
and quality, as regards poultry culture.
The point Is, to profit by the expert
ence of others There Is great saving
of time by erecting guide boards for
new corners who are trying to find the
way to success In poultry.-V. M.
Couch. In Ohio Farmer.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04

The necessity for exercise by fowls
Is becoming more apparent yearly. Elk.
periments have shown that flock of
hens that had the necessary exercise
produced twentysix eggs more per hen
than flock of equal numbers without
any other exercise than that obtained
In the roostng room. Moreover, II cost
cent less per dozen eggs, with a profit
of twenty-six cents head In favor of
the exercised fowls, while there was
no appreciable difference in the weight
of the carcass, showing conclusively
that there was absolutely no advantage
In combining hens. In view of these
facts the scratching house is again
strongly urged. Such house need not
cost much, nor need 1t be large, simply
protected spot where the fowls NAV
have sun. light. litter and grain in
which TO exercise on days when II /,
too cold or stormy to allow them the
run Of the yard. Hens are most soci
able beings. enjoying the comforts OF
life dearly, and are alway ready to
respond with eggs for every additional
comfort given them. Exercise Is as
necessary In profitable poultry raising
as food.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04

Take common clothes line rope and
make a large slip-loop knot around the
body, drawing it moderately tight, and
pass the end up between the front legs
through the halter. On feeling the
strain behind he will go forward.
Fake the rope in the right hand, stand
directly in front of him and say in
decided tone, Come here" and. at the
same time pull the rope sharply. He
will invariably move forward, and
when he does so caress him. Repeat the
operation two or three times until he
will quickly move forward when
spoken to.
Hitch him to n manger or posi- with
this rope, and standing in front of him
open and shut umbrellas, shake buff
talo robes and beat tin pans; In fact,
make as much noise and confusion as
possible without touching him. The
horse cannot think of two things at
Once, and the rope being tied around
him behind catches him by surprise
and he will end by giving up trying to
get away when he finds that he is
freer from pain when quiet and still
than when Jerking his head. For a
very nervous horse put the rope as far
forward as possible around the body.
This treatment can be applied until he
thoroughly halter broken. This
simple plan is equally as effective in
eading a horse behind a wagon.-Prof
D. X. Gleason.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
Fig. /.

FIG. IS THE PROFIT FROM PULLETS:
FIG. 2 FROM OLD HENS.
We have shown, then, the desirable
ity of more consideration being paid
to the hen, for two reasons; First,
that she is a money-making institu-
ton, and second, that she produces
an article of diet of relatively high
nutritive value.
The next point is the care of the
hen, for the hen needs intelligent
care for best results. You might as
well expect Jersey to give good
flow of milk roosting on n dunghill
at night as to expect hen to shell
out eggs while living on n dunghill
and a few table scraps once week.
The proper feeding of hen is a sub
ject that requires as much study if
not more than the feeding of any
other kind of live stock. A hen will
pay her board bill with very little
care, but to make her lay 200 eggs
q year requires some expert hand
ling. A study of the composition of
the egg is the best guide as to what
should be fed for egg production.
The contents of the egg is heterogeneous;
so that heterogeneous foods must be
fed in liberal quantities, such as lean
meat wheat bran, etc. There is also
a shell to provide, and shell material
such as found in bones, oyster shells,
etc, must be fed. otherwise there will
be dearth of eggs. All stock foods
contain in greater or less quantity
the elements that make up the egg
but all of them have not the proper
elements in sufficient quantity
Wheat and corn, for instance, have
all the elements necessary for the
egg, but the proportion of the nitro
genous elements is too low to enable
the hen to manufacture eggs in great.
abundance. Corn especially Is defic-
lent in protein; wheat is less so, and
is thus better egg food than corn.
Oats are less deficient than wheat in
protein. Wheat bran has a high per-
centage of protein, considerably high
er than the wheat itself. But there
is nothing better than lean meat for
furnishing the necessary protein, and
1t is for this reason that bones and
meat scraps from the butchers stalls
have come to be so highly valued by
poultrymen who feed for eggs. An
excellent ration may be composed of
wheat, bran mash, meat scraps and
oyster shells, to which should be add
ed some green food, such as cabbage.
But then there is this to remember:
hen that has grown old, that shows
the sere and yellow leaf and that
has lost all her teeth will never lay
eggs enough to Offset the value of
any fancied ornament she may be
to the dunghlll. Age may bring glory
and usefulness to some other kinds
of people, but it brings nothing to the
hen. The most profitable part of her
existence is the first year of her life;
after that her usefulness goes into
eclipse, and by the end of her sec.
Ond year she is back number, and
after that Is only fit for an expert
ment designed to show the adyant-
ages of old hen for eating purposes.
J. DRYDEN, Agricultural College.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
Three Important Points.

''1he three most important things in
feeding sheep" said n Mr.. Jansen in
ais talk before the National Live Stock
Association, ''are Il dry feed lot, pure
water and plenty of feed and as
fourth essential | would add regular
.ty and good common sense"
No one can join issue with Mr. Jan
sen in his selection of the essentials in
sheep feeding, but there are people
who would place regularity of feeding
md common sense at the head of the
list. The man who feeds his sheep at
he time which seems most convenient
lnd does not so order his work that the
feeding will be done regularly at the
same hours day after day will not get
he best results from the feed his flock
consumes. Sheep are very much crea-
lures of habit. If they are fed at re-
yular hours they soon learn when feed
ng time comes and do not worry be-
:ween times. They eat regular amounts
each, according to its appetite, and add
weight regularly. If fed at almost any
time they are sometimes not very
lungry and muss over their feed, and
1T other times are over hungry, and
the strongest eat more than is good
for them.
Here is where common sense comes
IN strong. The man who throws out
uis feed either too literally or too
sparingly is wasting feed in one case
and lessening his profits in the other
There can be no set rule as to the a.
mount to feed flock, and the man who
IS not capable of judging this matter
according to the weather, condition Of
lock and other varying circumstances
will never make the greatest success
Us flock master.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
SHOULD EGGS BE WAsHEDf
There Arc Different Opinions on This In.
teresting Question.


teresting Question.
The Rural New Yorker sent out this
question to a number of poultry ex.
perts, and as usual, views differ:
The New York Produce Review may
take its eggs dirty if it likes, but l
shall continue to ship mine clean. i
have been producing about 1000 doz.
ems n month for years, and every egg
goes into pan of lukewarm water as
soon as it is gathered out of the nest
All dirt Is easily removed after the
eggs have been allowed to lie in warn
water few minutes, and the heat i'm.
parted to the egg by the warm water
causes it to dry quickly, and gives
1t that fresh appearance peculiar to a
new-laid egg. If the water hurts their
keeping quality, l have never heard of
it. This testimony, probably, has little
value, as my eggs get into consumers
hands before they have time to spoil.
A few years ago, l filed few glass
fruit cans with eggs, and then filled
the cans with steriliZed water at a
temperature of 155 degrees, sealing i'm
mediately. Eggs thus treated in Dec
ember were in perfect condition after
four months. The most expert GAMBLER
l could find in the city said that they
would pass anywhere for new-laid
eggs, and DIR. w. e. Douglass, of Mid
dletown, to whom l sent some, had
them poached for his dinner table,
and said that no one at his table could
tell them from new-laid eggs. The
shells We're in perfect condition so far
as we could see, and the air cells
smaller. If anything, than in a new
laid egg. also tried some in the same
way during the summer, but the wa
ter and eggs soon became tainted.
From this | concluded that, although
as. stated In the New York Produce
Review. "wet eggs soon decay in wet
weather" the cause is found in the
"warm weather" and not in the "wet
eggs"
Keep Eggs Dry.--The New York
Produce Review is right. Eggs GER
tainly are injured by washing They
will not keep so well or hatch so we'll
as unwashed eggs. At least such has
been my experience. The best that
can he done for soiled egg Is to wipe
II with dry cloth: and. if the matter
is important. carefully rasp the thick
est of the dirt off with coarse sandpa-
per. IL an egg Is washed in either
cold or warm water, it will be noticed
at once that the "bloom" has disap-
peared, and careful gg-buyer would
at once pronounce 1t stale egg. II
only the fourth part of an egg shell
Is unsOiled, that part will show that
the egg is fresh, because the "bloom"
will be there If you want eggs to
keep well or hatch well would adj
wise you to keep them out of water.
Don't even rub them with n damp
cloth. Keep them drv.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
TO STOP GROWTH OF HORNS
a Mixture That Has Been Trlod ard Found
to 80 Successful.

a Mixture That Has Been Tried ard Found
to 80 Successful.
For stopping the growth of horns
upon calves this mixture has been sue
ccssfully used in experiments conduct
ed by the T. s. dept of agr bureau of
animal industry. Take 80 parts caus-
tic soda, % parts kerosene oil and %
parts water. An emulsion Is made of
the oil and soda by heating and Wig
orously stirring and this Is then dis
solved In water. The mixture should
he placed in bottle with solid rub
ber cork. The calves should not be
over three weeks old, from to 20 days
being the proper age. a horn will
sometimes be killed that Is even
from to q weeks old, but 1t cannot be
depended upon with certainty. In APP
plying the solution the following di-
rcctlons should be Observed With a
pair of scissors clip the hair around
the embryo horn so as to expose spot
about the size of nickel. While an
assistant holds the calf securely drop
? or 3 drops of the mixture on the horn
md with the end of the rubber cork rub
II in thoroughly over the bare spot. APP
ply the fluid first to one horn then the
other until each has received three or
four applications. The rubbing should
he continued until the caustic has
softened and removed the hair and
surface skin around the horn. Care
should be taken that the fluid does not
spread over too large a surface, or run
lown the side of the face. TO insure
success the mixture must be carefully
and thoroughly applied. If used care
essly the embryo horn may not only
" killed, but the face of the calf may
DC disligured by allowing the fluid to
spread and run down over the skin.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
Poultry Hints.

Dead leaves make a good material to
scatter over the floor of the poultry
house for the fowls to scratch over.
Scatter little grain among them.
Give Il variety of both dry and
cooked food-a mixture of meat and
vegetables. In this way better health
and thrift can be maintained.
If the fowls have the run of the farm
they find the kind and variety of food
best suited to them, and the exercise
helps to keep them healthy.
Plenty of clover will serve to keep the
hens in good laying condition, as 1t
does not fatteD so readily as grain.
Chop 1t fine and scald II In winter.
The proper way to feed pullets Is to
feed them ration that does not con.
tain too much starch, and to give them
full opportunities for exercise. Pullets
should not he too fat.
When 1t can be had conveniently. II
will be good plan to mix all the soft
food given to the poultry with milk
rather than water.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
TEN MILLION BOOKS A YEAR.
There were no less than 4,sse be


There were no less than 1856 book
brought out in this country last yeaI
The minimum number of copies Is
sued of each book handled by the pub
fishers is 1000; the average number /
considerably more than 1000.
This means that about 10,O00,00t
volumes-more rather than less thar
/ that-were sent out on sale during
the year. During the last ten years
to go no further back, the press pro
duct must have been at least 100000,
600 volumes, or enough to stock 10,00(
libraries with 10000 books each.
What has become of all these books
The question is as puzzling as the old
one, "What becomes of all the pins?
1t is as hard to answer as Edward
Everett Hale's inquiry as to the fina.
disposition made of all the hoopskirts
when that device for extending the
sphere, or at any rate the circumfer.
ence of women went out of fashion.
What adds to the puzzle in the
minds of book collectors is the diff.
Guilty they experience in discovering
secondhand copies of books that have
gone out of print Even in the case of
unsuccessful and worthless books one
must long and diligently haunt the
stalls before he can find single copy.
In one case novel of no possible
consequence was sold to the extent of
10000 copies in its first month. Then
1t died and nobody now remembers it
except the book sharps" who remem-
ber everything. Yet when the author
wanted copy for his own library, it
took six secondhand booksellers more
than year to find one for him. He
had supposed that at least half the
10000 copies had found their way to
the secondhand stalls.
If we go on printing 100000 vol
umes a year, how are our books
shelves to hold them? On this point
Rosster Johnson once made a reliev-
ing suggestion. He pointed out that
the wood paper now used quickly yell
lows and soon afterwards crumbles,
so that in fifty years probably, and in
hundred years certainly, all the
books printed in our time will be not
"dust-covered tomes," but dust in very
fact.
This is melancholy in the thought,
but there is consolation also.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04

Another new scale insect is described
in the Canadian Entomologist by Prof.
Cockerell of the New-Mexico Expert
ment Station. He has named it Aspi.
diotus dearnessi, In honor of the dis
cOverer, Mr.. j. DEAFNESS of London.
The insects were found on bearberry,
near the shore of Lake Huron. They
pretty thickly cover the stem of the
plant, mottling it with gray and or
ange. The scales are said to look
like small oyster-shelIs; they are oval
or elongate-oval, about one-twelfth of
an inch in length, convex and circul-
arly ridged, and the outer surface is
marked with rows OF round glands.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
STAY AT HOME.

Americans without capital who have
made plans to go to Hawaii in the
hope of obtaining employment should
heed the warning that has been re-.
Gently issued and stay at hcme. The
market for skilled labor is necessarily
very limited in community which
only numbers about 100000 people,
and all accounts agree in stating that
1t is over-supplied already AS for un.
skilled labor, that Is performed almost
wholly by droves of Chinese and jap
anese coolies, with whom no American
can compets and live. A man who
cannot make living in the United
States will assured,y be worse Off in
Hawaii. This is also true of Cuba and
Porto Rico.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
BARBED WIRE FENCE BRACES.

straight hard oak planks, ~ inches
thick, eight inches wide, and as
long as the end post and the one to the
left are apart These planks are nailed
securely to the end post and the post
next to 1t with long wire nails or spikes.
@ Is another brace, which gives more
rigidity to the end portion of the fence.
1t must be understood that In build
ing wire fence, the end posts should
be perfectly firm, so braced that no
matter how tight the wire may be,
they will not turn and loosen the whole
fence. These braces render turning or
loosening absolutely impossible. and
the wires will break before they will
do either The eight wires are bent
around the end post. as shown. Each
end post, II thus braced, will stay In
place and keep the wires tight as long
as the posts last. de Witt @. Wing.
Country Gentleman.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
THE FOOD VALUE OF EGGS.
Proof That They Contain All
the Essential Qualities
of Nutrition.
A FEW COMPARISONS.
In Point of Economy the Egg Has
Most Decided Advantage
Over Beet.

The Hen as n Money Making Institution !.
Worthy of Great Consideration-yalu.
able Hints as to Their Proper Treatment
Food and the Profit to be secured-HeI
Days of Usefulness.
Were the food value of eggs more
generally understood it is safe to say
that there would be n greatly in.
creased consumption. We have
shown by actual experiments that a
pound of eggs can be produced for
2 9-1O cents when every item of food
Is paid for at regular market prices.
In pound of eggs there are $50
grams of protein and 80 grams fat.
In a pound of lean beef there are
115 grams portein and "a grains fat.
The balance of the pound is composed
of water and ash, neither of which
1t is necessary to consider in this com
parison. The essential elements of
food are protein, carbohydrates and
fat. In eggs and meat there are no
carbohydrates, the latter constituting
the cheapest element of the three be-
cause found in great abundance in
cheaper foods, such as potatoes and
bread. OF the three, protein is the
most costly because it is found in the
more costly foods. A pound of good
lean beefsteak with bone removed
cannot be purchased in the market
for less than 10 cents, say it is ~
cents, and we make, therefore, the
following comparisons for II cents
worth of eggs and beef:
Twelve cents buys in beef 115
grams protein and "a grams fat.
Twelve cents produces in eggs 260
grams protein and 200 grams fat.
l have not the data at hand to show
the digestibility of beefsteak and
eggs, for it is well known that diff
ferent foods vary not only in the
amount of nutriment they contain but
in the amount of digestible nutri-
ment. The condition in which the
food elements reach the stomach af-
fects their digestibility. In one kind
of food protein and the other ele-
ments are more easily digested than
in another kind; larger percentage
is wasted in one kind of food than
In another. The egg has not only
high nutritive value, but it comes in
TO The stomach in a shape that makes
l easily digested. In this manner al
so the egg, in point of economy, has
decided advantage over beef,
though l have not the data at hand
to make the actual comparison.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
Dwarf Essex Rane

Dwarf Essex rape is very valuable
as fall pasture for sheep and for cat
tie not giving milk. 1t is not recon.
mended for milk cows because II is
supposed to faint the milk. Some care
should be exercised in allowing cattle
TO pasture on it for the first time.
as there is danger of bloatine
They shonld never be allowed to 20 In.
to the field and gorge themselves. but
their appettes should he partially ap-
peased by other foods. This rape
should I've sown on ground which ia
well prepared at the rate of 8 ID. of
seed per acre; II planted In drills. 1h
TO Id. Of seed will be sufficient.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
Farm Nate.

Roads should be dry, hard and
smooth.
Road beds should be so constructed
that they will freeze dry.
oats sown very early become more
to lodge. ""o'e
IN hauling out the manure. don't
and thick. 'A ''e''
Get rid OF water from your roads as
wherever needed. i"'s
me oat crop is liable to lodge if sown
on a very rich soil. AS green feed meas
sown with oats are one of the best and
earliest fodders and the peas helm 10
keep the oats erect 80 e'p "
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04

rs II lbs. The does have a dewlap and
their color should be dark steel gray
rhe illustration, taken from life from
1 breeding doe, shows their general ap-
)earance, although her position shows
the dewlap lying over her front leg,
making it appear somewhat larger
than it really is. They are good
prolific breeders, bear close
confinement, are hardy and easily
raiscd. For Il pet or a fancy rabbit for
show purposes the Flemish fill the bill
while for market purposes they are un-
SllrDa SSpl
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1899-05-04
Flemish Rabbits.

The Flemish Giant is n native Of
FLANDERS, n province of Belgium, and
IN account of rapid growth and heavy
weight is extensively bred there as n
neat product.
These rabbits were first imported
about 1894. Their characteristics are
large, broad, chubby head, with large
mouth and strong and powerful jaws,
eyes large and round, ears about six
nches long, body wide and Deep
haunches large and massive, with
large, strong legs. Maximum weight
10 to II lbs, and occasionally as high