The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-10-01

granite columna which arc adorned with sculp.
lures and pictures. Urban there deposited the
legendary heads OF the Princes Of the Apostles.
which, according 10 tradition. St Sylvester had
preserved In the Chapel Sancta Sanctorum. He
enclosed thom in silver busts wrought by the
goldsmith Giovanni Bartoli OF Siena, and Charles
V. Of France caused them TO be ornamented with
precious stones II was with feelings Of mis-
trust that Urban. on going back to Avignon,
left such valuable treasures behind in Rome.
where Senate and people could turn their ad-
miring gazo on tho diamond lilies and the massive
masterworks in gold and silver. He placed the
treasures under the protection OF bull but the
threatened accommodation did not alright
the Leteran clergy, who stole the towels in 1882
The French republicans at tho end Of the eight
tcenth century destroyed tho memorials OF pious
; French Pope and the, present silver busts made
In 1904, aro morey copies OF the original.
Tho Grcat Schism interrupted tho restoration
Of the city, and Il was only under Bonifaco TX.
that two buildings wero undertaken, to wit: ST.
Angelo which had boon destroyed in 1870. and
the palace Of tho Senate. This Pope caused the
mausoleum Of Hadrian TO be rebuilt in tho form
OF a tower by Nioolo Of Arezzo. after 1895 John
XXIIL had the fortress connected with tho Vat
lean by means Of q covered passage. Such
passage. however must have already existed
since Dietrich OF Mem, who wrote about Roman
buildings In the latter part Of the fourteenth cen
tury, points out that adultereescs and other
women suffering penance had been walled up in the
wall connecting the palace and the fortress The
Senate house was also converted into fortress
by Bonifaoe TX. This palace, which as early as
the thirteenth century had been the seat Of tho
Senators, appears on the gold bulls OF Lewis the
Bavarian as twostory fortresslike dwelling.
with arched windows and arched entrance door
approached by staircase and fankcd by two
towers Tho work OF Boniface TX. in 1889
consequently have been nothing more than a
comprehensive restoration and must have con
sisted in Notifications such as those which Colo
had already planned. When. In 14O4. Innocent
VII again made the Capitol communal palace
the transformation may have been accomplished
simply by demolishing tho Notifications 1t was
the custom for podestas and heads OF republics to
atiin their coats Of arms sculpturod or painted.
to the walls OF communal palaces The Roman
senate house was covered with them. Owing,
probably. TO tho restoration under Sixtus W.,
these monuments have vanished from the Cap
iol at ahe left side Of which only later coats
OF senators and popcs have been preserved Wo
add that as carly as the fourteenth century the
salt stores Of the city wero kept in the ancient
vaults Of the senate house The FIRST mention of
this fact is in the year 1904 and refers to IN al
ready long established usage The vaults of the
Tabularium still bear traces Of the corrosive de-
posits of salt
The same causes that checked architecture in
Rome arrested painting and sculpture. Tho age
OF Giotto, which may be said to have extended TO
1895, had beheld talented artists such as Taddeo
Gaddi and Orcagna, Simone Mcmm and Am.
broggio di Lorenzeto. and Rome herself had de-
rived widespread renown from her native paint
erS On the other hand. the solitary name OF
Pictro Cavallini, who also q sculptor and an
architect fills the history of Pointing in the are of
the Cosmat and in the first half of the fourteenth
century. Although older than Giotto. no was still
probably painting at the beginning OF the four
tenth century in several churches OF the Traste-
we're especially in St Maria, where his mosacs are
still preserved. In these excellent works mosaic
painting took leave Of Rome; they were the great
est achievements in this venerable art until the
appearance Of the modern mosaics in ST. Petcr's
Sculpture at this period show a somewhat
greater number Of works than painting because
the pious custom OF honorng the dead with monu-
mcnts continued uninterrupted. Christian sculp-
ture, the only art which never arrived at the pcr-
fiction attained by the ancients originated with
tho sarcophagus and its highest achievements,
even In the time of Michael Angelo are represented
In some sepulchral memorials The chief &C
tivities OF the Roman sculptor were expended on
gravestones Their style remained traditional
although each age left its peculiar impress In dc
sign and alphabetical characters. Tombstones
with figures engraved or in relief are numerous
in the beginning OF the fourteenth century in Rome
where marble in abundance was forthcoming at
all periods. They belonged TO oil classes We
see before US clergymen knights, notaries noble
women, merchants magistrates, even senator's
Toward the end Of the century, the low relicfs Of
these slabs are surrounded with moro ornaments
Gothic tabernacle frequently enclosed the head