davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12
LUNATICs WED IN MIoHIGAN.-Th

LUNATICS WED IN MICHIGAN.-Ihe
honeymoon of William Levy, hope
less lunstic, aud Johanna Zaul, who
mas been daft for years, was rudely in
corrupted on Saturday by the Detroit,
Mich., authorities, who shipped Levy
back to the Wayne asylum and turned
his wife over TO the county physician for
treatment For fifteen years back
Levy has been an inmate of the various
insane asylums IN the State. His wife
is aff1 ctad with intermittent insanity,
ana was an inmate of the Wayne coun-
ty asylum. While both were at this
asylum Cupid got in his deadly work.
The woman was released on probation
and Levy escaped. They met at De-
troit, went to Windsor, procured a
license and were married on Friday
by Rev. D. II. Hind.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12

Was the result of his splendid health.
Indomitable will and tremendous en-.
erey are not found where Stomach
Liver, Kidneys and Bowels are out of
order. If you want these qualities and
the success they bring use DR.. Kings
New Life Pills. They develop every
power of brain and body. Only 25c. at
Z. S. Leadbeater & Sons drug store.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12

PEOPLE WHO know the Emperor of
Germany, contrary to the opinion en-
tertained of him by those in this couu
try who know nothing about him, say
he is wise man. That he is, is not
disproved, that is, judging by the ex-
perience of this and other countries. by
his opinion that religion and the church
would suffer disastrously without the
support of government.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12

Chester q. Brown, Kslsmazoo, M.ca.. SAYS.
"Kodol Dyspepsia Cure cured NE Of 3 sever.
case OF Indigestion can strongly recommend
it to all dyspeptcs." Digests what sou es,
without aid from the stomach .at cures iy.
pepsis. Edgar Wsrfeld, IT,, corner King snt
Pitt streets.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12

Comrades, by Claude Bailey, NJ. D., No
81 OF Neeley's Universal Library, has been
received from its publisher, f. Tennyson
Medley. New York. Its scene is lsid in Ma
rylaud and Virginia. 1t is modern, inter-
esting and we'll told story that will please
aud attract the average novel resder.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12

"Thoy arc simply perfect" writes Robert
Moo-e o: La Fayctte, ind of De Wits Little
Early hisers, the famous little pills" for
constipation and all liver ailments Never
grippe. Edgar Warfeld, IT., corner King and
Pitt streets
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12

A MILITARY court in this countr,
hanged an innocent woman and
another one gave General Eagai
six years holiday on full paw, and
the verdict of still another has
been suspended for more than a
year, during which the convict has beer
drawing his pay, though he defrauded
the government of a million and a hall
dollars. Such courts are in rs bad re-
pute here as they now ere 10 France.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12

The Postoffice Department issued fraud or.
ders on the 9th inst against Moore & Co.. of
65 west Broadway, New York, aud the 30,
nanzs Jewelry Company, of 1922 Park Nv.
enue, New York. as they sre believed Ia be
carrying on the green goods business under
= new form.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12

BAsEBALL.-The following is the result of
the National League games played yesterday
Brooklyn, rain Boston 5, St. Louis , I; Clevc
land at Philadelphia, rain; Cincinnati 3,
Washington 3; Chicago at New York, rain.
The following is the standing of the clubs:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12
The Markets,

New York. Sept 12-The market closed
a. follows: Wheat-Dec 70a. 707s; May -
Corn-Sept 2S4a2e; May. Oats-Sep
2Ol20as May =. Pork-Sept So 1 aS Is.
Lard-sept So 80.
Georgetown, Sept. - Wheat 65a69.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12

For wounds, burrs, scalds, sores, skin dis
eases and all irritating eruptious, nothing so
soothing and healing as DeWitt's Witch Haze
Sslve. Mrs Emms Bolles, Matron Englewooi
Nursery, Chicago. says OF it: when all else
fails in healing our babies, it will cure"
Edgar Wsrfeld, jr., corner King and Pitt
streets.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12
IN MEMORIAM

In loving remembrance OF MAGGIE NJ 3,
daughter OF F. and Ida 4. Entwise, who
died September 10, 1S97,-twO years ago
last Sunday.
BY HER PaRENrs
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12

Todsy's Schedule louisville at Bslti-
more Pittsbnrg at Brooklyn; st. Louis at
Boston; Cleveland at Philadelphia; Cincin
natl at Washington; Chicago at New York
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12

BANK STATE HfN Is
[651
R HPonr OF THE CONDITION or THE
First National Bank.
AT ALEXANDRIA. n THE STATE OF WIZ
At the close of business, Sept. ,tl. i-''.
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts, F2la.'l' wv
| Cverdrafts secured and unse- -..
cured,
U. s. bonds to secure circuh-
ton,
U. S bonds to secure u S de- ..o.
posits, 3uOyU WV
>tOcks, securities, etc, '''''N
Banking house. furniture and ..,
fixtures,
Due from National Banks mot ..,
reserve agents. I.'''''
Due from State banks and bank
crS,
Due from approved reserve --.,-
agents,
Checks and other cash items. IVA wv,
Notes of other National Banks. l''0
Fractional paper currency ,o
nickels and cents,
LAWFUL MONEY RESERVE Is
Specie ' 1927 90
Legal tender notes, 5000 90 -..o- ND
Redemption fund with L. 5.
Treasurer, per cent ofc -..o,.
culaton,
Total Sl1oIo3o.s4
LIABILITIES.
Capital stock paid in, Si.. '.... o1
Surplus fund,
Undivided profits, less expense ,...r. ~
and taxes paid,
National bank notes outstand ..,n
ing, ,5, Co.;
Due to other National Banks, rs
Due TO State banks and banker
Individual deposits subject to -,,.,.,....5
check,
Demand certificates Of deposit, ,.s Fl
Certified checks, ,,"-li5
United States deposits,
Deposits OF U. 5. distursiDS ..a0..51
officers,
Total, -
state of Virginia, city Of A'erand'i
l. Joseph Rroders, President Oh IT,
named bank, do solemnly swear '.''
above statement is tue TO 'hc
knowledge and belief. r.. .i...
Subscribed and sworn 10 before
18th day of September, 999 n..-,..
W. F. LAMBERT, Notary -.'.
Correct-attest:
M. B. HARLOW,
JAS F MUIR, Difec'o-
GARDNER L. BooTHEJ
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12
MONETARY AND COMM. K, lAL

New York. Sept 12.-The Death OF Corne.
Illus Vanderbilt had only heetns e!-c, Oh
the stuck market this morning THE make,
opened in hesitatirg maLner. then. for
few minutes, sold of slightly tu. large mr
ing orders checked this movement sud ID.
stored confidence. Fifteen minutes sitter ,he
market opened any possible c,iec; thc DE,
of the msgnate had on the ma kc- hN .e.m.
ingly passed away. The majority NJ the iis,
showed strength and prizes werc u.yu,
slightly from tao opening quot!tions.
Baltimore Cattle Market Sept l.-SwIue.
The arrivals this week were ! ! Gyj heal
The receipts exceed those of last week ly
about 1000 head and are considered fair
supply. Trade is reported IS being duh with
values showing but slight variation from
last weeks figures. Good, fair Western toss
sell at 50 20a5. 80 per 100 lbs gros, ues'by
hogs, lightweights, 81 9Os5.lO anl he4yes
1908 ; light pigs 81. 50a4.7O, and rol.i5
$3.50a4 per 100 lbs.
Sheep and Lambs The recei'ts are hc.yr
40 carloads among which are too many con.
mon old sheep and lambs, which sTe Let
wanted at any price Old shep are nm
changed from last week; VIZ. 2'2aii.r per
ID, and q few extra a shade higher LAMBS
sell at 31aa5 l2c per ID decline of be
Calves Receipts are fair and q hir.y So
tive trade is on for veals. Quotations Is
6l2c per ID, no change in values berg ie-
ported.
New York Cattle Market Sep. H.
Beeves--market active and firm To Do, msh'
err; cows steady; steers 81 75a6 20. ba..-
So 75s3 70. cows $1.75a4 05 per 100 lbs.
Calves-maiket active vesls finn gms'e's
25c higher veals So 5O4S.5O; choice DO.
$S.60aS rs; culls s5a5. %, erssser, f3la
4 per 100 lbs. Sheep and Lamhi-,heep
firm to 15c higher lambs active; steady 70
Zoe lower for top grades; Others l0a25c low
or sheep S3a4 65 seected wctucis - %
5; culs So. 5Oa2.75 per 1Go lbs lambs S51a
6.75 choice So s. culs 81 ; Cauai4 amti
$6.4Oa6.50 per 100 lbs. Hogs-msrset A'm
to 15c higher st 81 75a5 per 100 lbs
Alexandria Market. Sept II
There are still no changes to note in tue
prices Of grain and the oirsTings are only 'a!i'
Country Produce is in light receipt
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1899-09-12
Alexandria Marker. Sept. II

There are still no changes to note in tue
prices Of grsin and the offerings gre only 'si'
Country Produce is in light receipt
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-01
GOOD WORD FOR FILIPINOs.
They Made "a Mistake, Though, AneDt
American PrOwess.

WHEELING, w. VA, March I.-Lleu-
| tenant William Braunersreuther. execu-
tive officer of the Charleston. whose ex-
plot in making the bloodless capture of
the Lsdrone Islands last summer was
told by himself in Associated Press dis
patches, writes an interesting letter from
Manila TO Hon. Augustus Pollack, of this
city. He Is now captain of the port at
Manila and has under him some 800 ma
tive fflipinos. whom he finds 1t easy to
control. Speaking of the natives, he says:
''The natives themselves. left to their own
intentions. will never prove troublesome.
They would be only too willing to earn
meagre living and get few dollars. They
are not hard 10 handle at all. 1 employ
several hundred in my department, and
find no trouble whatever, though | have
often TO work them at night I'm docking
and unlocking vessels. During all the
fighting among the hundreds in my en-
ploy they remained loyal and faithful. l
lost only five or six In all. and these / be-
lieve were frightened off for fear of SUBJ
sequent moestatlon, should the rebels (as
they contended they could do) wipe all
the Americans off the face of the earth.
SUCCESSFUL AGAINST SPANIARDS.
Heretofore when fighting with Span
ldruS, tne 1tOclS nave btrl Dduil Oihdh-
ized and much worse armed. Notwith-
standing this condition, they had in
general way success In every engagement
with their natural enemies. Since that
time they have been much better drilled
better armed, and better organized and
they naturally concluded they could
easily succeed in exterminating the Amer
leans. They tried IL two weeks ago yes
terday, at 3 j.. NJ On, my, what Il sur
prisel Thousands of them are dead, Gre
mate0. and buried, and the hospitals are
filled with the wounded. many Of whom
will never recover. They have lost in and
about here over 10000. our loss has been
less than 100 men, TO be exact, cS officers
and men killed and 275 wounded.
WOUND MADE BY THE MAUSER.
Our wounded people have much bet
ter chance of recovery than theirs, for
this reason-the Mauser ball makes a
cleaner and smaller wound than do our
Remingtons and Springfields. TO give you
an example of this, i'm one of the hottest
parts OF our firing line soldier fought
for three days. having been wounded on
the first night by n Mauser bullet through
the thigh lie says that during the fight
he thought he had rushed up against a
bush and been stuck by thorn"
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-01
THE FAIR LILLIAN.
She Sang I'm La BELLE Helene Before
~ brilliant Audience.

"La Belle Helene" with decided mod
ern improvements. was presented at the
Academy last night before a large and
brilliant audience by Lillian Russell, AS
sisted by Thomas q. Seabrooke, Edna
Wallace Hopper, and a large company.
Offenbachs operate burlesque has been
brought up TO date In Lewis Harrison 5
adaptation, and several musical numbers
have been interpOlated.
Lillian Russell is stin the radiant queen
she was of yore, and the passing years
have dealt very gently with her.. Her
voice has suffered very little with the
flight of time, and she sang well last
night. In striking contrast 10 the sta
tuesque beauty OF Miss Russell was the
sylph-lilke form of dainty Edna Wallace
Hopper. which surely never appeared TO
better advantage th3p last evening, and
i'm the final act she would have made Il
model OF which any artist might well
have been proud. Thomas ~ Seabrooke
as Colchas succeeded I'm extracting from
the part all the humor that could be
found. However, Ferris Hartman, as the
King OF Sparta. certainly compeis the
principal comedians To divide the honors
equally with him. Wllfstths Fhilp, the
tenor, who sang Paris. was{74 very bad
voice. and his work was disappointing.
Joseph Nilsson really did the3mo effec
tive vocal work OF any OF the male con-
tingent.
The opera was superbly costuW< and
staged and the entire product was
given with all those embellish h14U4E 50
necessary to the success of such a work.
'El Captain" will be presented at two
performances to-day, and the production
will be complete in every detail. The
opera is one OF Sousas best compositions,
and as an entire work. 1t surpasses THE
Bride Elect" which was the result OF
the sole efforts OF the March King.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-01
FOR IMPERIALISM.
Dr., Burrows So Declares Himself
in Georgia Baptist Convention,
OUR OPPORTUNITY COME,
Shells Of Sampson and Guns Of Lss
Hare Opened Door For Us.
SHALL WE "Go IN AND rossEss~
rhe Church Can Make Use or the
sword Which II Carving the Way
of Civiiiration--Thc Doctor Listea-
ell to Intentiy.

SAVANNAH. GA. Me~ch T.-Tho Ceor-
gia State Baptist Convention began its
seventy-seventh annual convention here
to-day. Governor Northen Is the presiding
officer. The address OF welcome was re-
sponded to by Rev. Lansing Burrows, ID.
d., OF Augusta, who is secretary OF tho
Southern Baptist Convention. Dr. Bur.
rows said that the welcome was appre-
ciated and accepted in the spirit In which
IL was extended DIR. Burrows toucbad
upon the policy OF imperialism during his
address.
Tremendous changes had occurred since
the convention met In Augusta a year
ago, DIR. Burrows said. He spoke Of tho
war and It's results. The opportunity for
which we prayed has come, he said. Tho
shells of Sampson and the guns Of Lee
have made for us an open door. DIR.
Burrows declared that he was an expan-
zionist and an imperialist. He was calmly
watching the developments of the Provt-
dence of God, and was not troubled about
what the future might bring forth.
nHPERIALIST THROUGH AND
THROUGH.
II am an Impefialist through and
through. / want to see Jesus Christ King
OF Kings and lord of Lords. am an
expansionist want to see the know.
ledge of the Lord God cover the earth as
the waters cover the great deep"
"The question which now confronts tho
Christian people of this country" said
DR. Burrows. 'is. Shah we go in and
possess these lands? Shall We enter these
open doois?' The Church. he said. can
make use OF the sword which is carving
the way of civilization.
DIR. Burrowss address was listened 10
with most intense interest, and there was
a strong temptation TO applaud his ideas
Of Imperialism and expansion. as applied
TO the Church. This method OF approval
is not countenanced In southern church
assemblages. however
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-01
FACTORIES on MAYO's ISLAND.
Mr.. Gay Has Secured the Capital and
is Ready to Organize.

The development era which has been
progressing IN Richmond for the past
few months is rapidly coming to head
now, and many new enterprises are in
contemplation. and will likely be in
course of construction in the next few
months.
Mr.. Ware Il. Gay arrived here yester-
day from Boston for the purpose of or
ganizing a company to expend half "A mill
lion dollars in developing Mayos Island
and building manufactures thereon, and
meeting Of those interested will be held
in his office to-day. Mr.. Gay has been In
Boston for some time organizing COM
pany, and having secured subscriptions
to the amount of $J00.CJ0, he purposes ap-
plying to Judge Wexford for IL charter
which application he will make in the
next few days.
TO Dispatch man who talked with him
last night, Mr.. Gay said he had applica-
tons from several people who are de-
sirous of locating large enterprises on
Mayo's Island. and that two or three of
the parties had been here. looked over the
site and expressed themselves as well
pleased. II is Mr.. Gays purpose 10 erect
the plants for these enterprises, and he
will contract TO build the factories at
least four feet above the highest point
ever reached by freshet in the James.
The buildings will be first constructed,
and the ground will then be filled in, the
bridge being raised as far as practicable
to meet the rise of the island.
AS has been previously. published,
wall is being constructed around the
island and the ground will be filled in
about this. making a secure foundation
for the factories To be erected on ana
insurng against any washing. The work
OF constructing the stone wall has been
delayed some little on account OF high
water in the river. but Mr.. Gay expects
to have men at work again in the next
few days and the wall will then be push
ed TO early completion
Among the improvements contemplated
in raising the island and developing the
territory thus reclaimed Is that OF deep
ening the channel of the river, and when
the wall is completed and the ground fill-
ed in it is proposed TO have the channel
about the island so deepened that tugs
may easily come UP that high and wharf
barges which may be loaded at the doors
Of the factories are to be erected on the
island.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-01
is constantly losing strength on account

Is constantly losing strength on account
Of deserfions. and that although the
enemy may make one or two more stands,
the forces OF AguinaIdo Will degenerate
In perhaps month 10 a few hundred.
who may continue waging guerilla war
fare I'm the mountains.
The American troops behaved splendid
ly They advanced steadily against sue
cessive lines Of trenches, through woods
and jungles. and suffering from frightful
heat.
VOLUNTEERS HANDICAPPED.
In addition, the American volunteers
were handicapped IN fighting by the fact
that their Springfield rifles are Of shorter
range Ian the Mauser rifles in the hands
OF the rebels. Under these circumstances.
the steady advance OF our troops Is really
a remarkable achievement.
The most noteworthy feature Of this on
sweep OF the Americans is the patience
and endurance OF the private soldiers.
They have never hesItated to plunge
across any kind OF difficult country
against any number OF the enemy and In
the face OF positions Of entirely unknown
strength.
FEASTING ON CoCOANUTS.
The victorious American army is this
'ffhiiS lfdSiii6 uBJft iOto1HhtS
nanas, and enjoying a well-earned rest.
AMERICAN CASUALTIES.
WASHINGTON. March sl.-The follow
ing list OF casualties has been received
from General Otis under to-day's date:
March 29th-Killed: Twentieth Kansas
PTivates Orlin T.. Blrlew, band: Oliver
Dix, Company G.; Samuel Wilson, Com
pany NJ.
Tenth Pennsylvania-Private Naiel
Stevens. Company c, and Frederick
Genuine. Company +.
First South Dakota Private Oscar Fall
len. Company NJ.
March 30th-First Observation-Disclosures
Milton Linde. Company II; William Orr
Howard. Company G.; - Wh.temore,
Company l..
March 3lst-Fourth Infantry-First-
Lieutenant John Gregg.
The wounded for the same period num-
Der 7i.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-01
THREE MEN EXECUTED.
Two of Them White; the other n
NerrO-Their AtrociOus Crime.

TROY. ALA, March 3l.-Thomas John
ston and Richard Hale, white men, and
Sam Rivers (colored) were hanged here
to-day for the murder of Mrs. Ira Myers
and her daughter-in-law, Mrs. f.. Myers,
last December. Sam Rivers was hung
first. He told the same tale as at the
trial-that he was made TO take part in
the murder by the two white men. The
white men were then hung. They denied
their guilt to the last.
Early In December last, near Josie,
Pike county Mrs. Ira Myers, a widow,
and her daughter-in-law. Mrs. +. Myers,
were murdered. and their home set on
fire. The object was robbery. and the
murderers secured nearly 5000. man
named Cook, who was hired TO look after
the place and who slept in the house.
was badly injured by the robbers. but
managed 10 regain consciousness I'm time
10 drag out the bodies Of the two women.
He was the principal witness at the trial.
Rivers turned States evidence on the
promise OF clemency
search OF the white mems cells last
night brought TO light saw and other
implements for cutting bars, and a ball
of oiled yarn. The men had intended TO
fire the prison. and in the excitement
make their way 10 liberty.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-01
THE SILVER DINNER IN NEW YORK
To lie Given by ChicaGO-Platform
DemOcrats-IsryRn Will Speak.

NEW YORK. March Sl-Eugene v.
Brewster, treasurer of the Committee of
Arrangements for the silver dinner TO be
given in the Grand Central Palace on
April 18th TO commemorate the birthday
of Thomas jefferson. gave out the follow
ing statement to-day:
'sro dispel all doubts in the mind of the
public. the friends and admirers of the
Chicago platform and those who have
forwarded money for tickets for the JEFF
fersonian dinner we. the only authorized
Arrangements Committee Of fifteen. In or
der 10 avoid all disputes in future. hereby
DEERE to.announce that the Jeffersonian
dinner will. be given by Chicago-platform
Democrats son Wednesday. April 18th. at
Up NJ in the Grand Central Palace, and
that Mr.. Bryan will be present and make
an address,"
n IS estimated that 5000 persons will be
present al the dinner. of whom 1000 have
already paid for seats.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-01
RAILWAY RATE CLASSIFICATION.
New Committee Organixed-P. j. Me-
Coyern of Southern Chairman.

ATLANTA, GA, March 3l.-The south
ern and southeastern roads to-day or
ganized the Southeastern Classification
Committee and elected Il. j. McGoyern
chairman at a salary Of 5000 year
The lines In this territory have not had
a separate organization TO look after
classification In the past, that matter be-
ing In the hands of the Freight Asso-
citation, where it was in the nature OF
side issue
Mr.. McGovern. the new chairman. Is
at present chief rate clerk OF the South
ern railway, in Washington.
The new committee will begin work
April 18th.
The following roads were represented
at the meeting: Southern; Nashville,
Chattanooga and st. Louis; Seaboard Air
Line: Florida East Coast; Plant system;
Illinois Central; Cincinnati. New Orleans
and Texas Pacific; Florida Central and
Peninsular: Atlanta, Nashville and North
ern: Chattanooga and Rome Southern:
Atlanta and West Point, and Augusta
Southern.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-01
Contested ELECTION CASES.
Testimony Being Filed-DOcLery' vs.
BeiIamy-WuIISer vs. Rhea-Etc.

WASHINGTON March Sl.-The Clerk
OF the House of Representatives is begin
ming to receive instalments of the testi-
mony in contested election cases which
will come up for hearing at the next ses-
sion of Congress. Thus far most of the
testimony has been from the contestants.
Probably the most prominent cases will
be Dockery against Bellemy, I'm the Sixth
North Carolina District, and Walker
against Rhea, in the Ninth Virginia Dis
trict. In the cases Of the elections in both
of these districts. incidents subsequent
thereto have been attended with blood
shed.
Evidence has been filed from other dis
tricts as follows: Fourth Alabama, Aid
rich against Robbins; Eighth Ken
lucky. Davidson against Gilbert; Ninth
North Carolina, Pearson against Craw-
ford; Second Virginia, Wise against
Young.