The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-17
SULTAN AND BUDAH RAJAS.
H.iRD LOT OF PEASANTS IN THE
NATITE MALAY STATES.
Complicated Feudal system That Called for
Many Arbitrary Taxes--Snltan's Educa-
tion-The Raja's Body Guard ScourEe
to tho Country-Peasants Pay for All.
From The Singapore Free Press.

to tho Country-Peasants Pay for All.
From The Singapore Free Press.
Mr.. Hugh Clifford, British Resident n, Pa
hang recently read, before the Royal Colonial
| Institute. an account Of his experiences from
! which what follows is taken.
In the Malayan States, as we found them when
| first VIC began 10 set about the task OF mould
| ing their history for ourselves, the Sultan was
| theoretically the owner OF the whole country and
all that IL contained. The country was divided up
into number of districts, each Of which was held
in fef from the King by an Orang Besar, or great
| Baron. The power which each Of these men held
| in his own district was practically unlimited. Thus
! in Pahang dozen years ago each of the great
Chiefs OF whom there were four had the power OF
life and death over all the people residing in his
territories and the unwritten law or custom went
| further for IL defined the exact manner in which
each Of these chiefs must carry out the executions
| he might order. Under tho four great chiefs, or
barons there the chiefs OF the Council Of Eight
These men wcre related 10 the greater barons in
| precisely the the latter were relat-
cd TO their Sultan-that is TO say, that they owed
them fealty. and bound to follow them in time
| OF war. Under the eight chiefs, each Of whom had
| his subdistrict the Chiefs Of tho Council Of
| Sixtecn-squires who owned few clusters of
| villages holding them in fcf from one or another
| of the Council OF Eight. Under them, again were
| the Thirty two and the Sixty four, who existed
more in theory than in reality for no man In all
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