davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Afro-American advance. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1899-19??, 1899-07-22
MINNEAPOLIS.


Nts1Aass entertained at Icou
Wednesday luls ne. MIS- th5> Turner.
Nj K IolcoUu Nt~ NJ q Can
1o3. NI>. Lewis "a, indianapolis, Miss
N,oo,nS '",, man. Masters KAY m"ud.
,,'.ys '', ,b ''''' &c" ~.
b.nh, -, nv. W, W
"a ami r,, ',,,,''.. II, In ,,.. va, NY
partrl ton thrlr holuc.
Mr. T.a, So. .......o.1 ,,.,.,-...,,..
\..,If., H. H ''.''." ",'s' ,l '.,'
hcrland Ma Ia talk, ,harsg al a hotel
81 Sin. CT. -
Ii Vii - ~ '' -, -
Ilarnfr.> rs Gram ~ Wr,lps.J.,
evening Inl, 10Th
NJ n ", ... ...,,r..t ...
.,t,no Al Cottay,vanJ "a. rh,ri ,n,l
l,r a private hotel
Nv, n. p,...r...,,.h .....
,,,. ~, y ',''u Nf..,
p,haha N,pd,, ,yrn,ns
l.,,.r.,,,. ,.......,.....l -. Al. Al
,r,,fn T,,,rs.t, ~ ,,.'', ~ n.,,
'.,,.,.,t,s NJ -, ~, ,,.,"
suEiee, t. examination h,s physician
gives hopes ot ms recover,
Born tn NJ. and Mr. belhrrf ., a
daughter Neither and bah, d,,ne wei
Mir and MIR. \ Stane entertained A.
dinner. THURSDAY. the tuh Mr. and
Mrs G, II Huapc. oi II Paul
N,s,s. Ou,rn,s uarner and Mar,
Norgap b5,r secured n,..,t,ons ~ fbr
Plymouth ,ho, lcnarttnrn,
Al. ..l NJ. NJ. ~, .......
ntrnir ,u bnnnr 81 Mr. C,,u.fn,d nf
II Paul
,t...l,,,,.. -. .,.., M. ...,..
-, -. w ~ ~ w NV,
Iasnrf Cibbs and tannh
NJ. ,t,,e. - ,-b,.,.., ,,,,,t., -
Mrs "A Morris wall .oend , ,ro
Javs With her dauyhtrr
IL IT.. ...,. .....-t. H.,
- S.t W.
,,n u { cher. he aud H. ,,,h, a., In
a,Lr tbcif t,,tnrs h,nte
ii, ,,, ~. a.. ~. l..,t......, ....,,,
annual n,r,,,,. .t Fnrest I ,tr Tnc5day
Aug 1st 4 grand good time !. IN
.tor. f,r nh
NJ - Parker al \, Paul g,,r
the Advance A call Iuesda,
-. - IA r
the odd F,iIn,... ,,.'n,, Ang -, -
'F,,'' ~ h,ie9p""> sot''ty ia"lss
',' NJ i,'i,u Wy - '' i'tsp'33h i''aue
'','' ''"'''l '''''"''"" VI ~ '"'
tyl = R''' ili'' cas- 'lc'' go 20 ,ne
'''N''Iu ''' 90 ',',, ''',' ,'"''' pc
" l'",," ",'u ''''' '"''''. N''
N'u'"'''. W"l''i''''
Miss Ellen Wheaton was taken sud
denly lll Monday which Was thought
To- tie serious. but fortunately not ~u.
She IS better
! always celebrate Aug ~ How,
BY gong 90 the odd Fellows picnic.
II any name haa been omitted IN the
l.y''> puhl''a''"n please n"iil} th' cd
nor privately. oversight VIII some
tunes "''u'.
Forest Lake where IS ~ ON the
Duluth road What about ~ The odd
Fellows pirulc there. Aug tst
Mr. and Nrs Anderson Scott enter
tanned at dinner SATURDAY. Rev Mr.
/ cna Mason
Am ,cr,,rs ,.b, IL, ma, tcr,;,.o a..
AJ',,ro ,,.,,t,,i'. IL no,,f. -. ,,n,
Iii .. ,i,,I.,,5,i, ,ta MI
l.',' mon '"na"y 'h'', p',
me: lah, ii9I'iei. e b'a't bf"ahI'"th
Jacket lndgi return ~ reward ="
MT e. H""dh1tt 400 rum .lTrci ,"
Minneapolis "fslhe advance once.
Al the camp meeting. Graham x
Rodgcr, particularly invite the public
10 my one OF Their New England din
NOR. t,-ht,I they Jff4raufrY IA eUrt.l.n
The Afro-American advance. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1899-19??, 1899-07-22
Good no.ss In New Jersey.

According to bulletin No. 9s. just Is
sued by the department Of agriculture.
New jersey Is building more roads snd
better toads for the money than any
Other state In the union.
The Afro-American advance. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1899-19??, 1899-07-22
AN ACT TO PREVENT LYNCH
ING

Wherever any number oi men assem-
BILE together IN any state or territory Of
the United States with the intent To- take
the lie OF any person who has been
accused OF the commission oi any Grim
inal oftense. without due process OF law
by lynchIng, burning. cutting. MAIN
ing, or by taking the life of any person
so accused by any unlawful means
Such an act shall be declared a crime
against the government oi the United
States; and whoever is privy TO such
intent. or present aiding in the commits
sion OF such offense. shall be tried in any
United States court. and. II convicted
shall be punished by death
And il Is further enacted that the Pres
ident Of the United States shall have the
right to interfere in any state or terri
tory OF the United States where men
assemble together for the purpose OF
lynchlng any person.
Some OF tire colorcd people OF Bos-
ton. aroused over the situation IN the
South, have already discussed it in
meetings. at one Of which. held recent
ly in the Colorcd National League IN
the Charles Street church. the lynch
ings received animated and careful con
sidcration
An outcome OF that meeting is the
above draft oi bill that purposes to
impose the penalty OF death on con
yicted lynehers and which also pur-
poses to give the president the right to
send regular troops 10 the aid Of hunted
men. so that lynchings may cease and
the law take It's proper course.
The bill was prepared by Lawyer T..
+. Brown
All the Massachusetts members 81
congress will be asked 10 Use their in
hucncc 10 secure the passage ri the
bilI One Of the members will be asked
10 Introduce the bill at the next session
OF congress
The Afro-American advance. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1899-19??, 1899-07-22
centrIhntIan tn srIrnr..

Willie Nanderbilt's contribution TO
scisncc. says the Chicago Record. is the
fact that an automobile cannot run
backward and forward at the sane
time.
The Afro-American advance. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1899-19??, 1899-07-22
TWIN CITY NEWS.


altar cross. and 3nothtf nemhtI seine
time stt1ee presented au#alms# basin
\ asts #afr uoUZneeded choir ls
gra,luaily. pvIieytIng tile uusi,#,t# the
shpfeh= New HNmH3is 5tt To be sup
plyd aJ once The respuuscS IN the
service are hearty and the attendants
1t The mission ar working hard. II Us
"a work the rector greatly enjoys
Members oi Gtth>cmaue ave cordially
invited To attend the services The
Parish Visitor St Paul
ON, ol the most enthusiast, friend.
Jrd supporters ut the mission "a capt
iuu { Reno. who VISITS the mission
frequently ON last SUNDAY hc made q
substantial cash contribution
Mis- Gracc Wilkins. oj Chicago. IN
and a member ol 81 Thuma, church.
ri that ,i,N. viii sing the oticrtofy sulo
SUNDAY July o.
The Afro-American advance. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1899-19??, 1899-07-22
Tipped on.

Il 8m sefustofasd g. tsosfsiaz tip from.
eustsBsfs. saia the HaHtsf
0h. really. sald ias BFeksf Wet, 8st
right old ehae Pas Kapsd Trsnait -
Phaa1elpals North AmsYie4E.
The Afro-American advance. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1899-19??, 1899-07-22
Wn.lon. = c. Jolly y. lsl9

Winston, = c. July a. 1Syg
Editor AFRO American Advance;
Dear SIR Please give space IN your
nest issue for the publication 81 this
communication.
10 the good Citizens of Minneapolis
desire 81 thank you all Tor the
friendly interest shown by your testi-
npnal concert IN behalf 81 my father
James Griffin. | am sensible oi the
service shown him and inc. and shall
ever feel deeply indebted 10 the Ad
vance and the citizens generally Of
Minneapolis
Again thanking you and wishing you
continued prosperity am. yours truly,
CASSABIANCA GRIFFIN.
Foreman Artistic Tailoring Parlors
The Afro-American advance. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1899-19??, 1899-07-22
CORRESPONDENCE
DR REYNoLps MEARD rRoM.

DIR REYNOLDS HEARD FROM.
Mi ! {. Reid.
Editor Air Amer Advance
Dear SIR immediately upon my ar.
rival home I address myself to the very
pleatinR duty ~ dropping you note of
thanks for the very complimentary al
lualuus t0 this writer IN your issue of
July D. I thank YOU also propose an
exchange ut papers. aud have placed
your excellent and vide awake journal
ou our exchange list
Courttously and gratefully yours.
l.. II. REYNOLDS
The Afro-American advance. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1899-19??, 1899-07-22

The Average amount OF Illness in hu-
man life "a nine days out Of the year.
The Afro-American advance. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1899-19??, 1899-07-22

Tbearetleal philosophers are ssfaetiu.ss
pfaetsea i0o.a.--Cheazg Daily News.
The Afro-American advance. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1899-19??, 1899-07-22

TUSKEKEE NOTES
By the will Of the late Dr.. Robert {.
Billings. oi Boston. Tuskegce Is given
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23

the Filipinos at some time during the
night to open fire on the Spanish lines
and keep it up for two or three hours
The Spaniards from their works would
reply in the same manner, and large
amount of ammunition would be ex-
pended by both sides with little re-
suit, beyond a few men wounded and
possibly one or two killed. Such
fights as these were of almost nightly
occurrence. and 1 have no doubt that
it was a fight of this kind that the
F'ilipinos began on the night of Feb
ruary 4th. According to their Gus
tom they probably considered it over
when they stopped firing, and never
for one moment supposed that the
Americans would continue the battle
the next morning and advance to the
attack. When that happened they
were not only surprised, but utterly
unprspared. They had never been
in the habit of fighting or seeing
civilized troops fight outside entrench-
ments. and it was beyond their COM
prehension that soldiers could be got
to advance across the open and attack
fortified positions. The experience is
similar to nothing in their history,
and the lesson, while it is severe
one, was necessary and will have a
most salutary effect on all future deal
ings between the Americans and the
natives. The belief that the Ameri-
cans are afraid because they have
treated the Filipinos fairly has been
rudely dispelled. It probably has be-
come very apparent to them that the
American troops are not to be triAed
with, and that the commanding Of
ficers are thoroughly able to enforce
their orders.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23
A Cheap Hog Shelter.

Comparatively few farms have good,
warm and dry shelter for hogs in cold
weather. Nearly every farm has
shelter of some kind, but many hog
houses are so open and exposed to the
weather and cold drafts particularly,
that the hogs are uncomfortable. A
shelter for twenty-five OF thirty head
can be made very cheaply of straw and
rails. 1t answers the purpose very
we'll and in the saving of feed and the
comfort of hogs will many times repay
it's cost, which is only the labor neces-
sary to erect it.
A double pen, one inside the other,
is built of fence rails, two raillengths
long and one wide, and three or four
feet high. The space between the
two pens, twelve or fifteen inches, is
filed with straw and we'll tramped.
Other rails are laid across on top. On
these the straw roof is placed. The
straw is dampened, so that it will pack
we'll. 1t is built we'll out over the
sides of the pen, which should stand
on dry ground. The door on the lee
ward side usually needs no protection.
Nothing more is necessary except an
occasional fresh bed of straw.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23
ARMY.

Lieutenant-G General Riego de Dios,
Major General Ricati, Brigadier Gen
eral Pho del Pillar, violent hater of
Americans; Brigadier- General Felipe
Sandico, Brigadier- General Pantelon
Garcia, Brigadier-General Noriel,
Brigadier- General Estrella, Brigadier-
General Mascardo, Brigadier- General
Gregoria del Pillar,
Major General Ricati commands in
the zone south of Manila; Garcia com.
mands north of the city; Estrella COM
mands in Cavite; del Pillar commands
to the east and up the Pasig to the
lake.
One of the cleverest men associated
with Aguinaldo is his secretary and
interpreter, Els camilla. He is an ac,
complished linguist, speaks Spanish
fiuently, English very we'll and Latin
and French, besides the native dia-
lects.
While many of Aguinaldo's soldiers
are we'll armed, on the other hand,
some of them were mere savages who
had never seen modern artillery, and
had only bows and arrows to oppose
to Gatling guns; such were the half
naked Igorrotes, who v ere given "the
post of honor" in from of an American
battery.
To this mob, and the people OF
the islands genera Aguinaldo had
issued proclamation earlier in the
day, ordering his followers to regard
Americans as invaders, and to treat
them as enemies.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23

with the local coloring and to gather
material for new series of stories.
Mexico is more or less virgin field
for an English-speaking writer, and
its unwritten tragedies and romances,
its untold stories of the workings of
human love and deeds of heroism, in
the hands of such writer as Kipling,
will add to our literature. if they can
not place fresh laurels upon his al
ready well-laureled brow.
Mr.. Kipling's latest poem, "The
White Mans Burden, published only
the other day, has created more talk
than any poem written within recent
time. The phase has become house
hold in it's use, while the poem
breathed of the duty of the superior
race in it's dealings with inferior
peoples.
Rudyard Kipling has steadily re-
fused all offers to take the lecture
platform. His words are worth fifteen
cents apiece, and even the most ex-
travagant American audiences admit
that they cannot afford to hear him at
that figure. Every time he says
"Good morning" to neighbor it's
thirty cents blown to the winds; and
once, it is stated, when he is said to
have shouted in meeting, the old
deacons sighed and muttered: go,
that we had the price of that shout in
the contribution box for the benefit of
the heathen he writes about!"
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23

grades of cement. prefer the Port
land above all others, as cold or heat
does not affect it. To begin, put
down layer Of clean gravel six inches
deep, slightly moistened and tamped
down as firmly as possible. After
this is done, commence on the floor.
This should be laid in sections about
three feet wide, so that a person can
trowel across them. Procure a scant-
ling six inches wide and two inches
thick. Begin on one side of the barn
and for horse stall give it one-half
inch fall from manger to hind feet.
Stake and level the scantling, then APP
ply the concrete, which is made by
using six parts of clean, sharp gravel
and one part cement, thoroughly
mixed and just dampened enough to
pack well. Wheel this in and have it
five inches thick when it is thoroughly
tamped. The tamping must be thor.
oughly done.
Now put on the top coat, which
should be one inch thick. and is made
of two rarts OF sharp, clean sand and
one part cement, thoroughly mixed
and tempered and of the right con
sistency to spread nicely. In smooth
ing it off, use straight edge at first,
and after it has commenced to dry,
use trowel to give it smooth, glossy
appearance. In putting on the top,
smooth it off with as little work as
possible, as too much work will cause
the water and sand to come to the sur
face, making bad job. If you wish
to corrugate it, use q beveled board
and strike it gently with hatchet.
After this remove the scantling and
proceed as before. For a COW stable
or hog house, the concrete need not
be over three inches thick and the top
coat one-half inch thick, and for
chicken house still less After the
floor is laid, keep everything off until
it is thoroughly set, and in ten days
OF two weeks it will be ready for any
kind of stock. M. G. Thomas, in the
Orange Judd Farmer.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23
! FOR FARM AND GARDEN.
Preparation for Glover.

Usually there is not much difficulty
in securing stand of clover, but, ow-
ing to diversity of soils, there are
occasionally small areas upon which
the young clover plants fail to grow.
70 gWrd against this failure 1 have
for several years hauled the manure
lirect from the horse stable and scat
tered it thinly over those places.
Straw is used literally for bedding,
and during the winter enough manure
is made to cover several acres. The
soluble parts of the manure are washed
into the surface soil where they are
easily available for the young clover
plant. The straw serves as mulch,
affording considerable protection
should an early drouth follow. Glover
haulm can be used the same way, there
by getting the benefit of any seed re-
naming in it. Whatever the method
employed we cannot be too thorough
in the preparation for the clover crop.
-Oren E. Cooperrider, in New Eng
land Homestead.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23
this encounter Lieutenant Afford was
killed and six Kansans wounded

this encounter Lieutenant Afford was
killed and six Kansans wounded.
The men of the so-called Filipino
army are uniformed and all are armed
with Mausers and Remingtons. Tb ere
was little discipline among them ac-
cording to our ideas.
As nearly as we could ascertain,
writes Captain w. G.. Bates, U. s.
", who has just returned from Ma.
nila, it was the custom of these SOL
diers to prepare at their homes food
sufficient to last two or three days,
and go with it to the trenches, where
they would remain till all their food
was exhausted, when they would go
home again and get fresh supply.
There was, therefore, constant
stream of these soldiers on the Gale
Real (the main road near our posi-
tion), and many of them walked
through our camp. They were of all
ages, but principally young men and
boys. found them very enthusiastic
and filled with ardent and genuine pa
triotis1n.
Their method of fighting seemed
somewhat peculiar to us. I saw sew
eral of their night engagements with
the Spaniards. It was the custom OF
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23
What the Farm Garden Should Be.

The garden should never contain
less than half an acre, and better be
two acres. A garden of this size can
easily be worked with a horse, saving
much hand labor. which is required in
smaller plots. Ii more is grown than
required for home use it can usually
be disposed of at some nearby market,
or to some neighbor who will not have
garden. Or the area can be devoted
to potatoes, OF roots for stock can be
increased. Being near the house, it
is of easy access, and the farmer can
spend many half hours working the
going to the field for that leigth of
time.
The garden should contain all the
small fruits, such as berries, currants,
etc. Plant these in single rows, and
far enough apart so that they can be
easily cultivated. The space between
can be devoted to some vegetable,
which will compel working around the
shrub. If the market gardener, upon
lands ranging in price from $500 to
$1,000 per acre, can upon half dozen
acres sell more dollars worth of pro-
duce than are sold off many large
farms, why may not the farmer grow
in his own garden articles for food that
will take the place OF much of the
more expensive commodities bought in
town? The garden cannot be had
without labor, but with less, consid-
ering the amount produced, than is
required for general farm crops. Two
and sometimes three crops can be
grown upon the same ground in one
season. With the addition of few
hotbed sash the garden can be made
to produce fresh vegetables for the
table all the year round. American
Agriculturist.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23
7,INO SOLDIERS.

tnOugn IL -------------
dilatory % made ready for some
dows of thssion, but from the win
can patrol very houses the Ameri-
of the TO, ere fred upon. Women
the trans q colony were sent to
though td is for safety, while, as
women re lace these, hundreds of
the destrees began to arrive from
of whicha villages, seven or eight
nila ObsAinly visible from the Ma
tered dotory, were burnt and bat
again to lest they should serve
envy. Ter the treacherous en-.
On M
there way morning, February G.,
Late in Eht firing at long range.
BRIGADE AFTERNOON General Hale's
which | a position the control of
took pol become indispensable; it
Sincalosion of the water works at
braska1bur companies of the Ne
terv enid part of the Utah bat
on the ]ttering force of Filipinos
with a nd dispensing them, though
and TIN Hpf two Nebraskans killed
of the gounded. Sergeant Young
captur eh battery was wounded,
On murdered, and mutilated.
had aojday, February Z, our forces
north ced far enough towards the
miles fscover that Caloocan, six
age al the city, was held with saw
mination. A reconnoitrinR
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23

largely procured from Spanish pris.
oners, smugglers and the United
States. Dewey turned over 2500
rifles to the insurgents in Cavite after
the battle of May l.
The insurgent headquarters are at
Malolos, thirty miles north of Ma
Mia, on the railroad. When Aguin-
aldo proclaimed the republic and an
nounced himself the dictator, he left
vacant the Office of Secretary of State.
This is destined for Felipe Agoncillo,
now in Canada. The Cabinet is:
Secretary of the Interior, Leandro
Ibarra; Secretary of War, Baldomero
Aguinaldo; Secretary of the Treasury,
Mariana Trias.
The commanders in the field are
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23

Our soldiers are walking over the
Filipinos in great style. Even when
lighting behind entrenchments with
Mausers and Remingtons they are
plainly no match for the Americans.
The Filjpinos have the Spanish dread
Of a charge against an entrenched po-
sition. They give way in rout at the
yery moment when trained soldiers,
having reserved their fire, would
sweep the assailants with a whitening
fusillade. In no other way can
charging infantry be repulsed. What
the Filipinos know about fighting
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23
UTAH'S LIGT

Filipinos sla'
ties" Major-C I. "Our casual
report, :'prols, .i(Otis says in his
The Filipino lly aggregate 250."
Wounded f, is estimated at 1000.
trenches wereinos found in the
field hospitalaken to the American
great numbernd cared for, while a
in the militar cnptives were placed
During therison at Manila.
excitement isht there was intense
was maintain the city, where order
teers, serving by Minnesota volun-
The bomba police.
holiday for tlnent made Manllan
view it as csands, who Hooked to
water front;o spectacle from the
their securit her citizens, hugging
flags, or neut home, hung out white
precaution, | flags, as an additional
-----sil the city looked as
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23
FIGHTING THE FILIF
The Good Work Done by the American Vo
Third Battle of Manila.

both sides along t
On the north the |
centrating at Cal
langin, where the
siege-guns; on 7
Mesa, the attack 1
near Paco, there
intention to ad,
sons command. :
from midnight u
in the morning(
new outburst a
line.
And so mattt
darkness lasted
and light artille
| sers, and it was ,
when day broke
| Concord and Tia
| Callao opened
| troops north of !
Monadnock She
south; and a lit
light-draught guy
went up the Pas,
ing guns Will
| Santa Ana. Ar
vancing over ri,
dense undergro +
cts, in which I
structed intrer
natives back an
of San Juan dy
San Pedro Ma 8
General Kings
force of Filip.l
numbers, and d
toward the Pa
many were dro'
captured a he
good position
about five mile
the southeast w
stand in the
building was
Dyer's batter.
set on fire byl
then, Of those ~
in the church,
ran out and OF
| At noon on
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-03-23

The Investigation made by the Kan
sas experiment station of the creamery
business of the Meriden creamery re-
vealed the fact that there was one man
that sheltered his cows in winter by
two wire fences, another by wood
lot, and still others by wind breaks.
Out of eighty two patrons there were
eighteen, or twenty-five per cent,
that compelled their cows to drink
ice water from a creek or ponds win
ter.
When we stop to think that the
lairy COW, unlike the steer, has thin
hide, with little or no fat beneath the
skin and poor surface circulation, W e
can understand one of the reasons
why the yield of some herds is so low.
The dairy cow is very sensitive ami
NAL, and when she is forced to keep
up animal heat and to stand shivering
while taking her fill of ice water she
certainly cannot be expected to make
Il very good showing at the milk pail.
Very few people realize the loss
sustained from cold barns. In an ex-
pertinent carried on in England it was
found that with herd of thirty cows
the profit was three pounds or about
SIS per week more when the tempera-
ture of the barn was kept at sixty-three
degrees than when at tifty-two de-
grees. At this rate it would not take
long for herd of good dairy cows to
pay for barn. The barn should be
tight enough SO that the animal heat
of the cows will always keep the
manure from freezing. Farm, Field
and Fireside