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The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19
aORTICULTURE
PEAR AND APPLE BLIGHT.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
The blight in pears has been known
for many years. l have known it as
long back as / can reCollect. Now it
has spread and attacked the apple,
ounce and other fruits. The remedy,
and the only remedy, is the knife.
Keep a sharp lookout, and as soon as
the blight appears, which is usually on
the ends of limbs, in the blossoms or
young fruit, and on young twigs dur
ing the summer, cut it out and burn it.
60 over your orchard at leest twice
during the summer, and then again
Just before the time the leaves shed,
cutting away every bit Of the blight
down to three or four inches below the
affected part. By following this method
a year or two, you oan be rid Of the
blight-if your neighbors do the same.
This is the only remedy; and If prop
erly done, it is effective. Some years
it is worse than others. This year it
has been worse than it has ever been
known before, and it is reported as at
work in nearly all the different States.
1t is important to watch your fruit
trees, by cutting off and burning the
cut eff limbs. 1t is a contagious bac
terial disease of the pear, apple, and
kindred fruits. The most important
time to destroy it is late in the autumn,
when all growth is over and the leaves
begin to fall. Then you can easily
detect the affected or blighted limbs
from the healthy wood where it joins.
In the pear, the blight sometimes starts
near the body and e~ncircles it. When
this is The case, there is no help for it,
but in most cases the tree can be saved
On the apple 30 far, it has always ap
peared on che ends of the limbs.
J. VAN LINDLEY.
Pomona, N. Q.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19

the evidence points in that direction.
Much field work is still necessary to de
termine the limits Of applicability OF
this method.
The method consists in cutting back
a transplanted tree to practically no
root at all or at most to a g stub,
shortening the top proportionately
The tree thus becomes to all intents
and purposes a cutting. There is moth
ing new" about this method. later
est in it attaches to the proposition
that it's possibilities in practice have
not been fully under s 5ood.
The advantages claimed for this
method are that it gives a better tree
with a root system consisting Of sew
eral strong roots which penetrate into
the moist depths Of the soil and securely
anchor the tree instead Of spreading
out near the surface. Moreover, with
the root pruned to a club, it is no longer
necessary to dig large in transplanting.
A mere dibble hole is sufficient.
The method has been quite extern
pively tested both North and South.
Tests were made at the Maryland Sta
tion IN a large scale. About 1000
trees Of various kinds we're planted.
At the end of the first season peach
trees the roots of which were unpruned
had made a greater, but not so even,
growth than those that were pruned.
Root pruned pear trees made a better
growth in all respects than unpruned
trees. In the case of apple trees there
was little if any difference between
root pruned and unpruned trees. Root
pruned plums outgrew u~npruned. The
Mahaleb cherry, red cedar, and Cali
fornia privet did we'll under the treat
ment. Black Tartarian cherry, on
Maxxard roots, Norway spruce, hem
lock, and Lawson cypress did not.
The general result of the tests was
very encouraging to the advocates OF
close root pruning.
A series OF tests was made by the
NOO 640 OS0VAOAS A40AAAS "4th SHO POSS0
but including also the apple and
cherry, with results indicating that
peach trees pruned by this method
will live and flourish in this section
even in stiff clay soil ard under ad
verse meteorological conditions. This
statement may also be extended to
Oouop annloc md Oborric -
The method was tested at the Ic-
diana Station. The season was con-
sidered exceptionally favorable. THE
result Of this experiment showed that
the peach tree was capable, after be,
ing deprived of all it's roots and
branches, Of producing a magnificent
root system and a top to correspond.
The dwarf pear, standard pear, Gar
man prune, and Early Richmond
cherry came next in order, the latter
making very little root development
on the pruned trees"
Guy E MITCHELL.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19
CLOSE ROOT PRUNING METHODS
Pomona, N. Q.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
For several years q method of root
pruning much at variance with en-
monty accepted methods has been
strongly advocated in certain quar-
ters. Not all tests, however, have re
suited fRvorably. o. 25 apple trees
planted al the Nebraska station in the
spring OF 1896, only 10 we're living as
the end Of September in the same
year, and very few of these showed
any satisfactory growth or vigor. o.
the checked trees, some having the
roots cut back only one half and the
other untrimmed, not n died. From
tests made at the Missouri Station with
the apple, it vas concluded that the
injury caused by o close root prun-
ing is n that trees do not ouVgrow il
they do not die outright. The
heroic pruhIng ADVISED by onr South
r neighDUr seems 10 be unadapted
TO c0ndi ions. The mortality
among u trees Is too great"
From the results OF all the trials
tnus far reported, 1t is evident that this
practice Of close TO1J pruning neither
merits unqualified approval GOr de
serves sweeping condemnation. AS
might have been expected, species
vary greatly in their ability to endure
severe root pruning. Among Guilt
waited trees, PROBABLY those which tx
perience the least Ill effects are the
peach and pear.
The critics of this method have al
tributed much Of its success to condi-
tons Of soil and climate. Ga this
point the evidence ia very unsatisfac.
tory. StringtellOw, the most ardent
advocate Of the method, working at
Galvt S or with the tRvoring condI
tions OF a warm, porous soil and high
annual rainfall, has obtained remark
able results from close root pruning .
but the Georgia and Alabama stations
have also obtained satisfactory results
under the adverse conditions OF drouth
and poor, hard soil. Tnese resulrs
certainly cCnVradlcG the statements of
certain critics, that the method is nc
cessful only under favorable soil ana
meteorological conditions. Again.
nearly all OF these successes were
achieved in the Middle and Southern
States. The outcome under equally
untavorable conditions in the North
might be different; in fact, at present
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19
TcoNcLUDED FROM PAGE II

fertiliz ers are "adulterated," he can
certainly remedy that trouble by buy
ing the separate ingredients, though
i'm order to insure absolute purity he
would need to buy of undoubted, re-
liable houses. It is always better to
buy every ingredient, not attempting,
for instance, to reduce the bones that
happen to be on the farm. If the ma
terials, Of the right weight, have been
purchased, there will be no need Of
scales, unless it is intended to make
fertilizers of different compositions for
different crops. A tight floor, under
Y and q sand screen, with the
usual implements that are found on
the farm. such as shovels, iron rakes
or hoes, will furnish the eqipment OF q
farm mixing plant. Lumpy material
must be passed over the sand screen,
and the Jumps then pulverizsd. Then
material that is the most bulky is first
placed on the floor and leveled on;
then another material is placed on top
Oh GQ4S, anu 81 0hgA46 4 S0C
are on the pile. It is now shoveled
owe for the purpose of mixing, and
the process ia repeated three or four
times until the materials are thoroughly
Incorporated with each other.
FERTILIZER FORMULA,
The following are some Of the form
ula: Tankage-slaughter house refuse,
which is found in the market as a fine
dry neal 900 pounds; acid phos-
phate, 700 pounds and muriate Of pot
ash, 100 pounds. This will contain 80
pounds each Of ammonia and potash
and 100 pounds of available phosphoric
acid. Another: Tankage, 500 pounds;
acid phosphate, 1 $50 pounds and mu
riate of potash, 30 pounds, which con-
tains 40 pounds of ammonia, 200
pounds Of available phosphoric acid
and 90 pounds of potash. Another:
Tankage, 600 pounds; acid phosphate
900 pounds and muriate Of potash, 80
pounds, containing 40 pounds each of
ammonia and phosphoric acid and 20
pounds of potssh.-D. W. W., in Epit
omist.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19
The NATIONAL FARMERS ALLI
ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.

President-J. @. Wilborn, Old Point,
s. @
Vice, President-P. Fl. Rahilley, Lake
City, Mimi.
Secretary Treasurer-A. B. WEIGH,
Victor, N. Y.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19
WIDE TIRES.

Narrow tires are one Of the large
leaks in farming. In some careful ex
periments that have been made, it has
been demonstrated that on a dry gravel
road 2, 482 pounds could be hauled on
tires that were four inches in width.
while on the standard tires-one and
one half inches wide-only 2 900 pounds
could be hauled with the same draft,
Jno. H. Hobbs, in The Epitomist. On
hard, dry, smooth dirt roads that we're
free from dust, the draft necessary &c
haul 1000 pounds on narrow tires,
could haul z, $50 on broad tires. II
the road was covered with twoo or three
inches of dust, there was an advantage
in narrow tires. IF the roads are muddy
and Of sticky clay, and firm under
meath, the narrow tire is better. If
the clay road is dry on top the broad
tires will carry 1900 poudds with the
same draft that will be necessary to
haul 2 900 pounds On narrow tires. On
a drying road of this character, the
wide tires particularly show their
merit ever the barrow tires. FOR the
frmer the road becomes the greater is
the difference OF draft in favor Of the
broad tires. That difference Ia as much
as 80 per cent. on the best road. The
reason that the narrow tire is better
in deep mud is because it has less sur
face for the mud to cling to.
WIDE AND MARROW TIRES.
On dry roads that are marked by
rats made by narrow tired wagons, the
wide tire is a road improver of decided
merit. When first run over such a
road, It is not as economical in draft as
the narrow tire running in the rut, but
after passing over these ruts once,
twice or three times-according to the
depth Of the rut-it makes q very good
road, one that requires less draft, either
with wide or narrow tires, and is a
very much more pleasant road for
light vehicles to run on. 1t appears,
therefore, that wide tires on the road
are more economical than narrow tires,
except when the road is sloppy, muddy
or sticky on the surface and firm or
hard underneath; or when the mud is
so sticky that it adheres to both kind
OF wheels. These three conclusions
were reached, after a number of ex
periments, by the Missouri Exoeri.
ment Station IN 1897
USE ON THE FARM
For use on the farm, on all sorts of
soil, and under all conditions. Whetber
dry or wet, hard or soft, the wide tire
requires less draft and is more ecouom
lcal In every respect. It is sometimes
recommended that the front axle of a
Wlde-tired wagon be shorter than the
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19

We believe it would be better to in
vest a nickel in a jswsharp than to
owe 800 or 60 for a fine piano. A pi
ano in q home is all right if it can be
afforded and a jaw sharp would be all
right in a home where q piano cannot
be afforded .-Wilmington On. O. New
Era.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19

Horse Owners! Us
WASHING DISH CLOTHS

Kitchen cloths must. of course. be
washed daily, otherwise they harbor
grease and doors ard beccm9 10
healthy. They should be made IF
knitted crochet cotton, in a square or
suitable size. When you wash them,
il you will odd a tablespoonful Of Gold
Dust Washing Powder to the net water,
l. will cut che grease and clean them
in half the time; dry them out il the
sunshine and air.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19
Hunts CONSUMPTION and Bgsaehfi, cp,,.

Cures when all else fails. Write e..
testimonia ls which prove the f,, Igt
Of this staten ent. This wondoSJts-II
remedy is prepared by Rev. Geo ,
Hunt, Lexington, N. y. Price =
cents per bottle. For sale bv s ~
druggists. al
&lO TO $1,000 A MONTH FOR PP7cT-
PHO hustler for special position C1'T G66555
chance for advant emert: no capital or ey Tsoo
ence req aired. K. & K. NanufactuTia no I67peIh
N. 9th ST. Philadelphia. Pa. 0O'H
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19
AWAKENING OF THE FARMER.

Flying along the glittering steel
tracks of our great railways are trains
equipped with every c%onvenier CO.
beautiful beyond the widest dreams Of
the romancer of a few years ago.
Cleaving the blue waters Of the Allan
tic are "grey hounds Of the ocean" that
are veritable floating palaces. Cleaning
on the airy heights overlooking many
Of our cities, or standing silent and
naughty along their quietest shady
streets are massive and stately man
sions that within are visions Of fairy
land. In apartments furnished and
decorated more magniacently than
were the throne rooms Of kings in
years agone are seated men who with
a word or a stroke of the pen increase
the price Of the n~ecessaries of life and
add millions to their already enormous
wealth.
Up among the hills, Nesting in the
valleys, dotting the b, cad prRiries are
little vine. cled cottages, cherries,
barn like structures, and rough, paint
less cabins, the dwelling places of the
patient, plodding husbandman; he
has wrung from the soil-in fact, ere
ated-that which has made all Of the
m~agniicence we have mentioned pos
sible, yet who has no share or part in
it; who is privileged merely to look
upon it from afar off. He is the kind
who for lorg years has been the newer
Of wood and drawer of water for a
multitude of parasites who have made
themselves rich and powerful at his
expense-because he has been content
TO accept as his share Of the boundlese
wealth he has created a paltry frac
ton, a mere mite. For long years he
has been content to subsist on the
plaiDest fare, clothe himself in the
coarsest fabrics, and with scarcely q
murmur deliver annual tithes to the
tax gatherer for the privilege Of being
governed-having his private affairs
scrutinized by a horde of we'll paid
officials whom he, with his suffrage,
has set up in high places.
Thousands are hoping-beIieving,
that this state Of things will endurefo
ages to come; that the slow thinking,
hard working tiller of the soil will con
tinue to Contentedly accept for his toll
and skill the meager dole they eea fit
to allow him; that he will continue to
believe that they who make and inter-
pref laws are all-poweriul, and that
the praise they bestow upon him with
the tongue is ample compensation for
the privilege of robbirg him with both
hands. Will he9 We shall see. Hither.
to he has been the tool, the plaything,
Of parties and factions; but ne is awak
ening. He is learning his strength;
he is gathering himself together, and
ere long he will arise. Then WHAT
Fred Grundy, Morrisonville, Ill, in
Farmers Voice.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19

Can yOu look the label of yOH PoPo
sQuGreIy IN the face? If gO~ can sGTg
1t is because gO1Cr subscription Te""
unpaid.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19
se1CLUB RATES.~~

That we may be more enlightened as
to what is going on in the different
parts of our great country, we ought to
diversity reading. More Western
and Northern papers ought to be read
in the South and more Southern papers
should be read in the West and North.
Believing this the best thing to do to
e~verlastingly Obliterate the prejudices
of the past, we have arranged a list of
papers to offer with The PROGRESSIVE
FARMER. The price in the parenthesis
is the regular subscription price of the
paper and the other figures are what
we charge for the paper with The Pro
GREssIvE FARMER for one year. Re
newals for the other papers cannot be
taken at the club rates, but all 71e1U
subscribers a You can renew for
our paper and get the club rates:
THE CREST FARMER alone. Slm
Twice a:Week Detroit Free Press, 400 1.75
Weekly Practical Farmer do IT'S
Thrice a'Week New York World. G.OO l.9O
Gentlewoman monthly, New York, Q.OO 1.35
Atlanta Weekly Constitution. duo 1.9O
Louisville tWice-a- week, COurier-JOur-
nal 6N 40
Twice-a-Month Home and Farm, go 10
Semi Monthly Farm and Fireside, L.5O lao
Monthly Woman's Home Companion, Q.UW l. IS
Weekly Farmers Voice O.OM I.75
we Will club FOR you with any paper published
and save you money. If you want any other
sg iculturaI paper. write US. If you want the
Atlantic Nor thly, Scribner's, McClure's O anV
other MAGAZINE. let US know. If you wish the
Youths Companion. Ladies' Home Journal,
Saturday Evening Post or any other standard
home periodical ask us for prices fyou want
any daily papers. any religious publications or
any other sort Of periodical send US your list.
We can save you money, whether we get yOUr
order in connection with your renewal or not.
COrresp- ndence invited.
If you wish more than one paper
write for special rates. For instance
we send twice a.week Courier Journal,
the weekly Progressive Farmer. the
semi monthly Home and Farm and
the monthly Gentlewoman ell one year
for only 50 Is.
NOTE In forwarding subecriDtions
to other pUblicati Ds, we only act as
the agent Of toe subscriber. and after
we have paid over the subscription
u responsibility ceases. Failure to
receive magazine or paper. change of
address, etc should be reported di
rectly TO the publisher, not to US.
We are also prepared to furnish the
following books at prices named:
A. I Roots A. B. Q. of Bee
culture ....-..- ......... 1 25
Henry Stewards The DCmes
tic Sheep 10
Principlt s of Agriculture. Ok
Voorhees, Book on Fertilizers. I On
Practical Agriculture. ... an
Write for price of any book Won
desire.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19

J. P. Sossamon, Charlotte, n. Q.
J. Q. Hanley, St. Paul, MINI.
NATIONAL BXNOUTTVE COMMITTEE.
w. A. Gardner, Chairman, Andres 'e
Settlement, Pa. John Breinig, juno
ton, w. Va. ; d P. Duncan, Colum.
bia, s. c.; Q. W. Gravit, Mandana,
n, Y.
NORTH CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALI
ANCE
President-W. A. Graham, Mach
peIah. N, G.
Vice President-J. s. Mitchell, Win
Secretary Treasurer and State Bust
ness Agent-T. B. Parker, HilIsboro,
N. Q.
Lecturer-Dr. Y. N. Seawell. Faisop,
Chaplain-w. s. Mercer, Moyock,
Door keeper-Geo. T. Lane, Green's
boro, N. Q.
Sergeant at Arms-D. W. Watson,
haywood, N. 9
Trustee Business Agency FInd-W
A. Graham, Mschpelab, N. Q.
StewRrd-J. @. Balm, Wade, N. O
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH
CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE
J. W. Denmark, Chairman, Raleigh.
N. @.
". A. Graham, Ez->m cio), Mach
pelah, N. =,
w. B. Fleming, Ridgeway, N. O.
John Graham, Warrenton, n. 9.
DR.. J. e. Person, Plkeville, n. Q.
Thomas J. Oldham, Teer, N. @.
STATE ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
J. 7. B. Hoover, HiIlsboro. N. Q.
@. Q. Mcclellan, God win. N. @.
II. T. Jones, Goldsboro, N. @.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19
LECTURERS.

J. P. Sossamon, Charlotte, N. O.
J. Q. Hanley, st. Paul, MINI.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19

The number Of stock hogs for fRtten-
ing is reported at 9 z per cent. lees than
on September 1st, 1898. The condition
is So 9, which is 3 points below that of
SEPTEMBER, 1898. but 1 6 points above
the mean of the September averages
for the last 10 years.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-09-19
PIGS WANTED!

WANTED-To buy a pair Of York.
shire Pigs. Address, L. A. Craig,
Granite Falls, N. Q.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1899-03-13
THE SHOOTING At BRISTOL.
Attorney Hamilton Was Unarmed
When Gen. Walker Shot Him.

BRISTOL. Tenn, March 12-Gen. Walker
and Attorney Hamilton, who were wounded
In a shooting ARRAY at the courthouse here
last night, are resting easily. General
Walker was shot through the shoulder and
side, the bullet pentrating the lung. The
wound is dangerous, but not necessarily
fatal. Attorney Hamilton's wound is pecul-
lar. The bullet entered five inches above
the navel and ranged downward. Ordinarily
it would have penetrated the stomach and
caused his death, but Hamilton had not
dined and because his stomach was relaxed
IL is thought the ball missed a vital point
and is lodged near the spinal column. His
condition is, however, serious and the ply
sicians hold but slight hope of his recov-
cry.
Various stories I'm circulation to
just who did the shooting in the courtroom.
One version is that General Walker did no
shooting at all. Another is that Stenogra-
pher Davis shot Walker, while others say
Walker was shot by j. r. Hickman, one
Of his friends Neither OF the wounded men
will make statement in regard to the af-
fair. Hamilton had no revolver when
Walker shot him and was sitting in his
chair. Davis, who is said to have shot
Walker, was also unarmed.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1899-03-13
SPECIAL STAMP ISSUE.
The Cuban Service VIII Have N Series
of stamps for Its own Use.
Washington Special.

w
The Postoffice Department il preparing TO
issue a special series or stamps Tor Cuba,
and the designs have been approved by the
postmaster general; Inc ISSUE VIII , Solslss
Rathbone, of the Cuban mail service, wishes
to have stamps of larger denominations,
and the matter is held up, pending further
information from him.
Stamp collectors will be delighted with the
new issue, as they are certainly as hand
some as the same denominations issued for
the United States. IL not handsomer. The
designs were prepared at the Bureau or
Printing and Engraving from pictures FUR
nished by the PoStoffice Department. The
1-cent stamp has the word Cuba across
the top, with a figure = in each OF the
lower corners and "Centavo" across the
of the statue OF Columbus which is in the
courtyard Of the palace of the captain gen.
eral in Havana. IL will be printed In green
There are two designs for the 2-cent stamp,
portraying the same idea but with different
arrangement. They show scene from a
sugar plantation. The first has Cuba
across the top with the plantation scene in
the center and ''2 Centavos" at the bottom
The other has plantation scene in the up,
per left-hand corner, with the word Cuba
across the center the figure -" underneath
and "Centavos'' at the bottom. The pianta-
ton scene occupies more space IN the nrst
design.
The Scent stamp has the word Cuba"
across the top. and in the center is picture
Of the allegorical figure OF Cuba which
stands in the Plaza OF Havana. IL repre-
sents woman seated on a throne and Is
called La Guiana" On either side of the
figure is the figure g. and at the bottom the
word 'Centavos." The scent stamp has the
picture OF a merchant steamer at full speed.
IMPLYING commerce. On the side are palms
and tropical foliage and at the top the
word Cuba" Across the bottom Is IS
centavos." The 10-cent stamp bears a rep
resentation OF a farming scene In Cuba. A
Cuban is driving two oxen harnessed to the
primitive pillow in use in the island, with
the long, upright stock by which IL Is
guided The word Cuba" appears at the
top, with the figure TO- on either side and
"Centavos" In a semicircle above the pic
ture.
The plates will be prepared and the
stamps printed at the Bureau OF Engraving
and Printing in Washington and their cost
charged against the Cuban revenues. They
will be used until Cubans take over the gov
eminent OF the island. This is the first time
in the history OF the Postoffice Department
that il has been called upon TO prepare
stamps for another country. AT present two
kinds OF stamps are in use in Cuba-the
regulation United States stamp and the
same stamp with the word Cuba" and the
denomination In Spanish imprinted across
the face, similar TO the imprinted re enue
stamps formerly in use. The department.
prepared the imprinted stamps for Cuban
mail service. but finally consented TO permit
the use of the regular United States stamps
to accommodate the soldiers who had taken
quantities OF stamps with them 10 Cuba