davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Laurel Hill Locals.

Laurel Hill, May Isl. A. Pearson.
registrar at Laurel Hill, registered and
transferred fifteen voters before and
during registration day. The total
number of voters, white and colored,
now registered is ninety six.
Four tramps have been camping
near here recently. and one of them
visited our village last week. but was
ordered to leave by one of our young
ladies. who threatened to brain him
with club. He left-it is to be hoped
"a wiser but sadder man."
Mrs. Geo. Weaver was severely IT,
jured one evening last week by the
kick of a COW. DR.. DAVIS was 'phoned
for and remained with her during the
night. At this time she is somewhat
improved.
Ernest Lambe after an absence OF
two years, visited his parents recently,
returning to Nashville last Monday.
During the past ten days the wheat
crop in this section has improved very
much.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Southern Baptist Convention.

The Southern Baptist convention
met in louisville last Friday with 8
large attendance. immediately after
the opening prayer the election of Of
Icers took place.
Rev. j. b. Galubrell, of Texas, 10
| minated ex Governor w. J. Northern
| of Georgia. Rev. DR.. A. E. Owen, OF
Portsmouth, nominated Hon. Joshua
lowering, of Baltimore, who at once
| withdrew amid protests. J. K. Par.
IRISH, of Meridian, Miss, offered the
name of Ex-Governor Eagle, of Ar
kansas, and Rev. E. F. Eckerfoot, OF
Louisville, was placed in nominatio;.
Both withdrew. Nom nations were
closed and the vote of the assembly
was then cast for Ex-Governor North
ern who was declared elected and es-
corted to the chair.
Ex-Governor Eagle. of Arkansas;
Prof. Charles l. Cooke, of Hollins.
Virginia; Rev. Il. &. Buckper. of Aus
tin, Texas; and Rev. J. II. Kerfoot, of
Louisville, we're elected vice-presi-
dents. DR.. Lansing Burrows, of Au.
gusta, and o. F. Gregory, of Baltimore,
were elected secretary. George w.
Norton, of Louisville, was re-eie cted
treasurer, and Rev. w. P. Harvey, of
Louisville, was re elected auditor.
The Rev. G. II. Jones. of Louisville,
delivered the address of welcome.
Rev Fl. s. Mallory. OF Alabama. re-
sponded.
The entire proceedings v,re inter.
esting ard the various repor exra+d
inglv encouraging DR. j p Gr..-n+,
of Missouri. was cleo ed pfesid ~ Of
the southern Baptist Theological
Seminary at Louisville, vice DR.. " hill
slit, resigned.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Some Political Gossip.

Mr.. VIM. M. McAllister. of Bath
county, who attended the May confer-
ence, will probably be a candidate for
the House of Delegates. The district
embraces Allegheny, Bath and High
land, and is now represented by Hon.
A. F. Withrow.
Mr.. John W. Todd, of Augusta,
brother of Mr.. Charles L. Todd, of
Richmond. will run for the House next
fall. He presided over the Covington
convention which nominated Judge
Quarles for Congress last June.
Friends of Mr.. Saunders are putin g
in some good work for him for Speak
er of the House of Delegates. There
are influences at work for him that
will make his contest with Mr.. Ryan
interesting.
1t is understood that Mr.. Flood will
be candidate for re election to the
State Senate. There was talk at one
time of Mr.. E. W. Hubard running,
but now it is said he will yield to Mr..
Flood. Richmond Leader.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
In the Circuit Court.

The Augusta circuit court. Judge
| s. H. Letcher, presiding, which con.
vened here ON the 10Th, is still in ses-
sion. The bulk of the business has
been in the chancery causes and the
attorneys of the bar have been kept
quite bdsy. Joseph F. Flick, under :
year sentence in the peDitentiary has
been awarded writ of error and ar
gument for new trial will be heard
during the term.
A charter was granted Tuesday to
the Eakleton Hotel Co. with capital
stock of $50, 900, the chief business to
buy, own and sell real estate, hotel
property and to conduct the hotel bus
mess in Virginia, Kentucky and West
Virginia. The officers are: w. E..
Harris, president; e. I. Probst, secre-
tary and treasurer. Directors: The
gentlemen named above with Hugh B.
Sproul, John P. Shreckhise and R.. N.
Greathead.
Jas. H. Cross qualified as admins
traitor of Jas. Cross, deceased.
Several cases are to be heard and the
term will last for several days.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
The EakIet0n Hotel.

The Eakletou Hotel, which was built
by B. F. Eakle in 1894, and which has
been conducted for the past few years
by Mrs. E. F. Dougherty, has been
sold to the Eakleton Hotel Company,
W. E. Harris, of Charlottesville, presi-
dent. The purchase of the hotel car
ries with it the hotel building, steam
laundry, electric light plant, cold stor-
age and ice plant and two buildings
near the hotel. G. l.. Probst, late OF
the Gleason, at Charlottesville, has
accepted the management of the hotel.
The Eakleton will be given thorough
renovation and under its new manage
ment will rank with the leading hotels
of the State. Mr.. and Mrs. Dougherty
are we'll known to the hotel profession
and the SPECTATOR wishes them that
degree of success that has been theirs
in the past. The sale Of the Eakleton
was engineered by McIlhany u Hill
leary. of this CITY.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
John W. Todd for the Legislature.

We were Informed on Monday by
Mr.. Todd that he would be candidate
for the legislature
1t gives US great pleasure to make
this announcement to the voters OF
Augusta county. We believe there is
no man within its borders wLo Will
make finer representative Cool
level-headed, intelligent, sagacious,
with a wide fund of information on all
public questions, most admirably
equipped as parliamentarian, incapa
bic of being ratified or swerved from
the track of his honest convictions, we
believe that in John W. Todd Augusta
has the chance to send man to rep
resent her that will be credit to The
banner county of the state.-Waynes
boro Valley Herald.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Captain Wills is Dead,

Captain Jay Hugh Wills died at Lex.
ington last Friday, in his SEVENTEEN
year. He was taken ill at Camden On
Gauley, W. Va, where he has large
lumber interests and where he has
spent the past four years. He arrived
home the DAY before he died.
He is survived by his widow, who
was Miss Norgreve, of Lexington,
and one son.
Captain Wills was born in Nelson
county. For many years previous to
the civil war he was captain of pack
ct boat running from Richmond to
Buchanan. He was a public spirited
and enterprising man, and for NUN.
Der OF years he was member Of the
Lexington Council. His worth as a
practical man was shown when he per
formed the feat of bringing water over
a mountain to supply Lexington when
such had been said could not be done
by sc;eutific engineers.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Grand Peace Jubilee at Washington

For tue Peace Jubilee at Washing
ton, May 1926 inclusive, the Chesa-
peake and Ohio Railway Company will
on May q, 20 and % at one fare for the
round trip ($4.55 from Staunton) good
for ten days. On Thursday May %
they will run a popular excursion to
Washington leaving Staunton at Cos
a IN, arriving at Washington at II a.
H., leaving Washington same night II
p. m. This will give every one an op-
portunity to see the biggest day. The
great historical pageant and the finest
display of fireworks that have ever
been seen in Washington takes place
that night. For further information
call on or address James Ker, Jr., P.
& L. A. g. Il O. Ry., Staunton, Va.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Remarkable Rescue,

Mrs. Michael Curtain. Pfainield, ILL.,, makes
the statement that she caught cold, which
settled on her lungs she was treated for a
month by her family physician. but grew
worse. He told her she was hopeless vlcrim
of consumption and that no medicine could
cure her, Her druggist suggested Dr. King Is
New Discoveryfor Consumption she bought
bottle and to herdelight foundherself ben
Gifted from the first dose. She continued its
use and aftertaking six bottles, found herself
sound and we'll; now does her own house
work, and is as well as she ever was. Free
trial bottles of this Great Discovery at B. F.
Hughes Drug Store. Large bottles50c and 81.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
ANNNB6&@
~ School Medals
- and Badges.

This is the time of year
when all teachers are look
ing for something to reward
meritorious scholars, and il
is we'll known there is no one
article which can be offered
to pGpiis for competition
proving quite as slim ulating
as a badge or medal. We
make medals and badges of
any description, and will be
pleased to send to any teach
er a copy Of our catalogue
containing designs of these
goods.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Just Received Big Lot Of DrlmnGrS Sample Shoes and
OZt0rdS which We sell at actual wholesale price,

Dongoa Kid Oxfords
black chocolate kid Ods with
leather Cost
price csc.
leather Cost
Chlds pal
different
$1.O0
all
price
Me Russian grain, all Cost price
Ne Russian grain, ali styles Cost SLAB
stihdown
81.
Dongoa price $25
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Remember We have everything in the Store that Priced He

Oil Window Shades On best Spring
Rollers, all colors. 20 cents.
Curtain Poles with Brass trimming, all
colors, Is cents.
Dotted Swiss for curtains, worth Is
cents, 10 cents.
Dotted Swiss for curtains with Border
worth zoe, at 12lc.
Floor Oil Cloth per yard, zoe.
Straw Mating, worth 15e, at 12c.
Straw Mating, worth zoe, at 15c.
Best quality Linen Chain Mating 2Oc
Nice quality Ingram Carpet 25c yd.
Extra heavy Stair Carpet worth 25c
for 164c.
Table OH Cloth, worth 15c at 1Oc
quart Covered Bucket Zoe.
quart Coffee Pot 1Oc.
10 quart Tin Pals 10c.
Large size Galvanized Tubs SOC.
Wash boards 10c.
Fiber Water Pals 25c.
| 10 in. Cake Salvers 20c
Best quality glass tumblers lie each.
Handsome engraved tumblers 25c set.
Nail driver goblets 25c set
20 in. meat dishes worth 25c, at 15c.
IA in vegetable dish 1919.
gallon churn soc.
so in. Zinc Trunk $1.S5.
Packing Trunks 60c and up.
| " I n i
Extra heavy Blue Denum worth 12c
at 10c
Ladies black hose sc per pair.
Men 3 heavy socks, sc per pair.
Best line of ladies' and children s
hose in the city.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Story of a Slave,

To be bound hand and foot for years by
the chains of disease is the worst form of
slavery, George D. Williams, of Manches-
ter, Mich, tells how such slave was made
free. He says: My wife has been help
less for five years SO that she could not
turn over in bed alone. After using two
bottles of Electric Bitters, she is wonder
fully improved and able to do her own
work" This supreme remedy for female
difeases quickly cures nervousness, Sleep
lessness, melancholy, headache. backache
faiDting and dizzy spells. This miracle
working medicine is godsend to weak,
sickly, run down people. Every bottle
guaranteed. Only SOC. Sold by B. F.
Hughes, druggist.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18

Turkey red table linen worth Soc at csc
500 yards Lawns (colors warranted) sc
2000 '' - worth
10c at &c
1000 yards Dimities tcolors warranted)
worth 127c at II and Toe.
Ladies' handkerchiefs Sc.
Ladies' pure linen handkerchiefs sc.
cord Spool cotton &c spool
Pins, per paper, 1c
Needles, per paper, 1c
Garter Elastic, per yj, Sc
Combs worth 10c at Sc.
Fine combs worth 10c at sc.
Hair brushes worth Csc at 15c.
Whitewash brushes 10, Is, 20, 25e up
Ladies' heavy weight corsets worth
40c at 25c.
Ladies corsets dewey worth 75c, soc
,, Ladies' corsets G. B. warranted worth
81 90 at 75c.
Mel s and boy S straw hats in all the
latest styles; men s zoe up, boys
15c up
Extra heavy cottonade for pants 124c
Children's knee pants 25c up.
Children's suits soc up.
Mems wool mixed suit worth 81, $3.50
Mems strictly all wool cashmere worth
81 at So.
Mems black clay worsted suit worth
$3.50 at S4.75.
Men s ,Middlesex blue suit worth 81. 90
at $500.
Mems gray hair lined suits worth $500
at 81 so.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18

Died, after brief illness, near Zetta,
Va, Mrs. Mary Virginia Huffer, wife
of j. Huffer. She was a woman of
sterling strength of character; many
years member of Union Presbyterian
church, and faithfully trained her chill
dren for God. She leaves her husband
and four children to mourn their ire
parable loss.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Bismarck s Iron Nerve,

Was the resultof his splendid health.
Indomitable will and tremendous energy
are not found where Stomach, Liver, Kid
neys and Bowels are out of order. If you
want these qualities and the success they
bring, use DR.. Kings New Life Pills. They
develop every power of brain and body.
Only 25c at B. F. Hughes drug store,
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Annual Meeting Grand Lodge !. o. 0. F.
OF Virginia.

The Southern Railway announces
for the above occasion that they will
sell tickets from all points within the
State of Virginia to Richmond, Va.
and return on basis of four cents pei
mile one way distance for the round
trip. Tickets to be sold June II, Il
Is, final limit returning June &c.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18

all kinds of Job work done at this Office.
All communications to this Officeshould
be addressed "To the SPEcTAToR''-thus
nsuring early and prompt attention.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Meeting Of Daughters of the Confederacy.

On account of the above occasion the
Southern Railway has authorized rates
from all points within the State of
Virginia to Washington, d. c., and
return on basis of one and one-third
first class fares for the round trip.
Tickets to be sold June 6, 7, final limit
June 8.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Volcanic EruptlonS.

Are grand, but Skin Ereuption rob life OF
joy. Bucklen's Alnica Salve cures themi
also Old, Running and Fever Sores, Ulcers
Boils, Felons, Corns, Warts, Cuts. Bruises,
Scalds. Chapped Hands, Chilblains. Best
Pile cure on earth. Drives out pains ano
aches Only 25c box. Cure guaranteed
Sold by B. f. Hughes, Druggist.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18

Administration papers have been
| granted Miss Eva 2. Thompson on the
estate of her mother. Mrs. V. L.
Thompson, by the busting court.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Grand Lodge Of Odd Fellows.

At the annual meeting of the grand
lodge of Odd Fellows. held in Lynch
burg last week the following officers
were elected:
Grand master, William H. Bailey,
Richmond; deputy grand master, W.
T Reldwin, Of Saltville; grand warden,
!; t.:n.et NoSthern, of Gwynn, Mat
news county; grand chaplain, }. j
Shearer, of Marion; grand secretary.
T. Wiley Davis, of Richmond; grand
treasurer, John W. Furguson, of Rich
mond: grand representatives. Hill
Montague, of Richmond, and Thomas
V. Turney, of Fortress Monroe; NV. A
Pratt, of Staunton, was appointed
grand guardian.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18

DIR. E. M. Green, of Danville, KY,
spent day Or two in Staunton this
week, the guest of Joseph A. w addell.
DR.. Green was en- route to Richmond.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
WEDDING CARDS

beautifullyprintedat the SPECTATOR
office. An elegant new line of type
for this especial purpose.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
Citv markets,

stanton, Va, May II, 1893.
| Co1rec ted By j. A. Fauver & Co., the Whit,
Star Mills. and E. S. & F. L. Subiett.
GOuutrV Preduce,
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18

The city council, at special meet
| ing held Tuesday night, granted privi-
Ieges to the promoters of the Street
Carnival to be held here this coming
| fall.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18

It is said the houses in West End
beyond the free delivery limits are
being numbered and that free mail de-
livery will be extended there. A gov
eminent agent was looking into this
matter Tuesday.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA.
FREE to VIRCINIANS
In the Academic Schools.

Letters, Science, Law, Medicine. Engineering.
SESSION BEGINS 18th SEPTEMBER.
For Catalogues address P. II. Barrin-
ger, Chairman, Charlottesville, Va.
PRO I'm
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18

This paper guarantees larger
circulation in Augusta county
Z than any Newspaper publishe d
The subscription list is open to!
inspection.
syc,ooonoonoo, rar>nanr,r,S
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18

TOR SALE PRIVATELY.-I offer for
T sale privately the property situated at
New Hope, Va. lately occupied by Chris
tian Eakle, decd. The property contains
a good two story dwelling, with stable and
necessary outbuildings and 124 acres of
improved land. For further particulars
apply to L. l.. EAKLE. EX'or,
mar 80 3m* kOiner's Store, Va.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
500 Finest Tea Roses. years old.

500 FINEST Tea Roses, 2 years old.
5000 Double Pearl Tube Roses.
SPRING Stock bedding plants. roses, bulbs
y and flowers of all kinds now ready.
100000 Stocky Cabbage plants.
100000 Best variety Tomato plants. All
large enough for planting out
Cut Observation-Disclosures. Roses. Violets,
Jonquils, &C., in any quantity.
Fine Floral Work a speciality.
JOHN FALLON, Florist,
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
WE Do ALL KINDS Of JOB PRINTING,

nR. J. 3. RAWLINGS,
- SPECIALIST,
In Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. Office IN
Marquis Building End floor. Office hours
80 to u a. m and to 5 p. m.
mar 3O-3m STAUNTON, VA.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
WALL PAPER.

UGH A STOCK OF WALL
- Papers has never before
~ been seen in Stanton. Our
entire second floor is filled with a
stock containing by actual inven-
tory just completed over
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1899-05-18
$4,000 ROLLS.

The line comprises every grade
from the cheapest grade of Blanks
to the highest grade of exclusive
designs in high grade Decorations
and Ingram papers.
Every conceivable coloring and
every suitable and stylish design
is represented.
You can have the decided ad-
vantage of selecting your paper
when you can see it in the roll and
see howlt looks when combined
with its appropriate border and
ceiling. This is surely preferable
to seeing only half yard in sam
pie book and having no idea how
it will look when the pattern is
matched up.
Marshall County independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1897-1902, 1899-08-04
LIKE BANOUO'S GHOST,
Question of Conductors and Pennies to
the Fore Again.

1t was in a suburban trolley last
Sunday that the question of tho con-
ductor's reluctance to receive pennies
in change came up again, says the New
York Herald. This penny question is
like Banquo's ghost and will not down.
a. woman passenger had given the con-
ductor a nickel and five pennies for
two fares. Il would rather change So
for you, madam, than take those pen
Mes the conductor said. in a
grumbling yet perfectly respectful tone.
"Why?" asked the woman. Because
the company Will not take them from
us That is the only objection | have
to railroading. We must turn in nick
els or silver when our work is done"
But why do you not sometimes give
those pennies to men? You always
palm them off on women" We'll. the
women always seem to keep them
specially for u.s. Now, if the public
could only know what a trial they are
to Us sometimes they might understand
our reluctance to take them. For in
stance, one OF the extras, man who
had been out of work for a long time.
after making the number of trips re-
CURED of him, found he had fifteen
pennies among his change He did not
have cent belonging TO himself, and
there was no money at home, and the
pay that was coming to him at the Of
fee for his weeks work was needed by
his wife and children for bread. They
would not take the pennies at the Of
flee. and he could not draw his pay I'M
til his fares were accounted for. When,
after considerable trouble, he got three
nickels for fifteen pennies and returned
to the company's Office it was closed,
and he had to go home without his
pay"
Marshall County independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1897-1902, 1899-08-04
THE HEAVIEST B. & o. TRAIN.

When the receivers of the Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad began the now famous
series of improvements of the physi-
cal condition of the entire system,
their object was to increase both the
train load and the number Of revenue
tons per mile and at the same time
reduce the cost Of transportation.
Much has been done. and by the low
ering of grades, elimination of curves,
laying of new steel rails and the pur-
chase of heavy motive power they have
very materially added TO the number OF
cars per train But it was not until
the 18th of March last that a demon
StratiOn was made Of what might be
expected OF the new Baltimore & Ohio
Railroad. Enough new 50-ton capac-
ity steel cars had been delivered TO
give the operating department a chance
10 experiment. Fifty steel cars. each
weighing $4,000 pounds. were loaded
with an average Of $4,000 pounds or
coal. To them was coupled new
22x2S inch consolidation locomotive
weighing 16S.700 pounds and having
81 inch driving wheels. The start was
made from Cumberland. Md, and the
destination was Brunswick, Md, on
the second division. In his report Gen
eral Superintendent Fitzgerald says
the train was pulled with comparative
ease and that the class of engines used
will be able to handle 90 cars of so
tons capacity each on that division
without trouble. Hitherto the train
load on that division has been 325 units
of 612 tons each or about 300 tons, 4
40 per cent increase over that of five
years ago. The so car train was COM
puted as containing 497 units. or 6,45S,-
100 pounds gross. The net weight Of
coal in the train was Ass 100 pounds.
1t was by far the heaviest train ever
handled over the line and demonstrate
ed that heavy power. modern equip
ment with safety appliances, and a
good track. mean more revenue tons
per mile and a decreased cost of trans
pOrtatiOn.
Marshall County independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1897-1902, 1899-08-04

An Old and curious wedding cere-
mopy with the Bulgarians is the public
and solemn shaving OF the bridegroom
early on the wedding day. Whilst the
barber performs this work the bride
groom is surrounded by dancing
crowd OF girls and lads. His hair hav-
ing been cut it is carefully gathered
by some girls, to be preserved in a
chest of the bride. When the barber
has done he gets as a present linen
cloth and from every one small piece
Of money. Then the bridegroom kisses
the hand Of each girl. washes his face
and puts on the wedding dress. The
iatter-not the person, but his festive
garment-muSt be accurately weighed
three times by a lad ere the bridegroom
is allowed to put il on. This strange
custom is said to date back to remote
times Of early Slavonic heathendom,
but still continues. being strictly OBJ
served, especially by the villagers.