davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

TO THE DEAF.--A rich lady,
cured of her Deafness and Noises
in the Head by DIR Nicholson S
Artificial Ear Drums, gave $4,000
TO his Institute, SO that deaf people
unable to procure the Ear Drums
may have them free. Address No.
94S, The Institute, 7S0 Eighth
avenue, New York.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Harry Theinhardt, the carpenter,
ran amuck Saturday night from
the effects of imbibing too much
booze. After receiving good
punching from Sol Brown he was
landed in the cooler for disorderly
conduct and for trying to sleep in
the creek.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Marcus Soda has opened sa-
loon in the Oreschnick building,
where he will be pleased to meet
his old customers. The fixtures
are elegant.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Prof. G. S. Strickler is making
arrangements to conduct a night
school. This will be goodoppor-
tunity for those who are obliged to
work during the day to secure
instruction.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Mrs. d. @. Snodgrass, with her
little daughter Geneva, arrived Fri
day from Trinidad to spend a week
visiting with her son Ben.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24
instruction

Col, Ben. Price. the well known
cattleman of Meeker, who is in
terested in the claims now being
worked by the Jersey Mining Co,
about six miles northwest of
Crested Butte, is in the city exam
ing the property, -.l
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

The committee in charge of the
masque ball have decided to have
the dance in the City Hall instead
of the /. 90. T. hall, as advertised.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Andrew Diepold, an old time
miner who used to operate in ODE
Joyful gulch, died in the county
hospital last Friday from miners
consumption.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Boys who desire to be good in
arithmetic, or who contemplate a
business education, will be inter
ested to know of the night school
to be started by Prof. Stricklernext
Monday night.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

A pump OF large capacity was
installed in the mine Monday to
pump out the water that has
flowed in from the old mine.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Ross & Son have received the
first consignment of holiday goods.
See their show window. Come in
and examine our stock and have us
reserve what articles you desire.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

William Holden, a pioneer of the
Irwin district, died at Jos. Hooker's
ranch on Muddy Creek, last week
from miners consumption.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

FotografeF Dean was up from
Gunnison Sunday and Monday
plying his photograph business.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Geo. and Fred Miller are at work
on the Keystone taking out ore for
the mill to operate upon. About,
$50 tons will be mined this winter.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Misses Dosia Estes and Cara
Shackleford were up from Gun
nison Saturday and Sunday visit
ing young lady friends.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

AGENTS wANTED-EpR THE LIFE AND
Achievements OF Admiral Dewey the worlds greatest
naval hero. by Mumt HHlstead, the lifelong friend
aud adnirer Of the nations idol. Biggest and best
book. 500 pages SNlO inches nearly 100 pages
halitone Illustrations Only $50. Enormous de-
n,lnd Big COMMISSION outfit free. Chance of n
lifetime. Write quick The Dominion Company, Srd
Eloor Csxtou Bldg, ChScs2o.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Were the Rio Grande able to
furnish enough cars, the local out
put of coal would be third greater.
"Carsl" is the continual cry at the
mines.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

d. 7. Clark shipped out thirteen
carloads of sheep Monday to be
distributed at Gunnison, Pueblo
and Denver.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

VIM. Gold last week gave Jos.
Krochevar quit claim deed to lot
IL, block %, for the consideration
of $500
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

The G. & S. railway is now Sc
curing large amount of coal from
this point. 1t is transferred to
that road at Gunnison. .
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Chas. Wilson, the big Swede from
Irwin, was fined $40 and costs in
the police court Saturday for dis
orderly conduct.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Miss Bessie Kelly returned to
Irwin Saturday from trip 10
Gunnison.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

A total OF 800 voters are regis
tered in Precinct No. 4, and 1876 in
No. %,
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Mrs. r. o. Richards returned to
Denver Saturday, after a pleasant
two weeks visit with her parents.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Mrs. G. |. Lawrence returned
Monday from short stay in Gun
nison.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

T. j. Thompson, the Democratic
nominee for assessor, is in town.
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24

Are you going to the bal masque
next Tuesday NIGHT?
The Elk Mountain pilot., 1899-10-24
State Ore SampGDg Co,
Denver, Colo.

DENVER, CoIo.
We buy Gold, Silver, Lead, Cop
per, Bismuth, Uranium, Wolfram
ite, Cobalt, Molybdenite, and Anti
mony ores.
We have modern mills for samp-
ling ore. We also test ores for the
new processes OF reduction.
Our long experience in the mar
ket enables us to pay the highest
cash prices for all marketable ores.
Write for our reference Book. !"
Send analysis of your ore for prices
and information.
BAILY g. MOWNIG, Managers.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

home, and are entitled to none in
the Southern Confederacy--they de-
serted her in infancy. When she
needed help the cowardly scoundrels
shrank from the task an went over
to the enemy--in her manhood she
will never receive to her bosom thes9
arch traitors. East Tennessee Is 'and
will be- part of her dominion, the
opinion of the Lincolnites to the con-
trary Notwithstanding"
There Is also an article from the
Knoxville Tribune on the "horrible
murder of Gen. VIM. r. Caswell by
some unknown fiend," )" and one tell
ing of a number of federal deserters,
saying that if they were received
kindly by the Confederates, whole
companies and regiments would
come over" They repre-
sent the Federal service as too in
tOlerable to be borne, especially as
it obliges many who really love the
South and have friends and kins
men in the Southern Confederacy to
lift their hands against their best
friends"
There is also an account of the
nelllng or GuntersVllle, Alabama,
July 30, '62, and the killing of Mrs
Gen. Rayburn by fragment of a
shell.
On the last page they print the
Confederate conscription law a bill
entitled, An Act To Further Pro-
vide for the Public Defense" On
this page they also print directory
of the Confederate Government, in
which the names of Congressmer
Gustave A. Henry and Landon G
Haynes, are mentioned. These gal
lAnt old legislators have long since
crossed over the dark river of deatt
and joined the silent majority of the
once Grand Army of the Potomac
The sheet is printed by the enter
prising Giles County Record, anc
can be had for ten cents by address
ing that paper at Pulaski.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.
Interesting Meeting Held In the Court.
House Friday Night
Committee Appointed to Secure More
Residence Buildings-ThetaT Turnpike
Committees Appointed.

According to announcement, the
Columbia Chamber of Commerce
met in the Circuit Court room last
Friday nipht, with President Fry
presiding. The minutes of the last
meeting were read and approved,
and regular order of business was
adopted.
Maj }. 7. Williamson moved that
a committee, consisting of Messrs.
Gordon u Rutlt dge and w. J. EN-
bry, be appointed to devise plans for
securing the erection of more resi-
dence buildings. Interesting re-
marks were made by Messrs. Rut-
ledge, Williamson and others. The
mott n was carried.
w. J. Embry was made chairman
of the committee on Trade and
Transportation, vice H. 0. Fulton,
resigned.
A motion was made and carried
that a special committee be ap.
pointed to solicit subscriptions to
the Theta turnpike. Messrs. Voor-
HES and Webster made speeches
endorsing the proposition, and the
chair was given until Monday to
select the committee.
The matter of inducing the rail-
road company to build new depot
was referred to the Board of Direc.
tors.
Mr.. w. j. Webster made some in
teresting remarks on the phosphate
industry, and on motion of Judge T..
E. Erwin, he was asked TO address
the Chamber at its next meeting on
"Our Mineral Resources"
DR.. G. A. Forgey was elected a
member of the Chamber.
Col. Arch. Hughes delivered q
speech, urging that committee be
appointed to go North and induce
capitalists to come here and invest
their capital. His suggestion was
reduced to motion and carried.
No other business coming before
the Chamber, an adjournment was
then taken.
Committees Appointed.
Pursuant to instructions, the
Chairman on Saturday morning ap.
pointed the committees on the Theta
turnpike and post office building.
The committees are as follows:
THETA TURNPIKE.-Mess essrs. r. c..
Cant, j. G. VOORHEES,, S. b. Stephens,
II. A. Brown and w. r. McKennon.
Posi- OFFICE BUILDING.-A. NJ.
Hughes, l.. P. Padgett, +. Yoest,
, Mora Fariss and Maddin Voss.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22
THEY DIDN'T KNOW HIM.
The Truth Told on Henry Clay in His
Hearing.

The Truth Told on Henry clay In HIS
Hearing.
A good story is told on Henry
Clay, the great Kentucky statesman,
bv one of his warm personal friends: {:
Mr.. Clay was making a journey to
Washington on the National Road =,
after his n0min alton for the
Presidency, he was travelling Ons
stormy night, wrapped up in a huge
cloak, on the back seat of a stage
coach, when two passengers entered
They were Kentuckians. like him
self. He fell asleep, and when he
awoke found them discussing his
cha 1ces in the coming campaign.
What did Henry Clay go into
politics for?" said one. "he had a
good bit of land; he had keen eve
for stock. IL he had stuck to stock =
raising he'd have been worth his
fifty thousand. But now he doesn't
own a dollar"
Aud" the great Kentuckian used
to add, 1.-THE worst of it was, every
word of it was truev'
1t was characteristic of the man
that at the next stopping-place he
hurried away and took another
coach, lest his critics should recog
niZe him and be mortified at their
nintentional rudeness.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22
BLOODY RIOT In ILLINOIS.
six Non-Union Negro Miners Murdered
by Whites.

by Whites.
CARTERvILLE, ILL. sept. IT,
CartervIlle was the scene Of bloody
riot about noon to day, In which six
negroes were instantly killed and
one wounded unto death, while two
others received slight wounds.
Trouble has been lowering ever
since the militia was recalled by
Gov. Tanner last Monday. The
white miners of this place have re
fused to allow the negro miners to
come into town, always meeting
them and ordering them back. To-
day, however, thirteen negroes, all
armed, marched into town, going to
the Illinois Central depot, where
they exchanged a few words with
the white miners there when the ne
gcoes pulled their pistols and opened
turned the fire, when a running fight
was kept up. The negroes scat
tered, but were closely followed by
the whites, running up the maiu
street, while the remainder took
down the railroad track. Here the
execution was done, all who Went
through town escaping. After the
fight was over six dead bodies were
picked up and another mortally
wounded. They were taken to the
City Hall, where the wounded mar
was attended to, and an inquest helC
over the dead ones. Trouble has eX
listed here off and on for over yea"
but no fatalities occurred until June
80, when a passenger train on th'
Illinois Central railroad was free
into and one negro woman killed
These negroes were on their way tC
the mines, having come from Pana
A short time afterward u pitcheC
battle ensued between the union anC
nol -lnion fol- ce', during which tim,
the dwellings occupied by the uniol
negroes were burned. Several ar
rests were made, and the parties arr
in Jail at Marion on the charge o
murder awaiting trial.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22
MAUKY COUNTy'S POPULATION.
Believed That the Census of 1900 viii
Place il at 80 900.


Place it at $4,000.
1t Ia believed by many that the
census of 1900 will show the popula-
ton of Maury County to be 80 600.
According to the census Of 1890 the
population was 3S ll3, and since
then the population has increased to
a large extent, the phosphate in
dustry alone having brought several
thousand people to the county. The
census of 1890 gave COlum 0ia $3.50
population, and it is conservatively
estimated that this will be increased
o nearly 5000 in 1900; thus, it will
b9 seen, Columbia alone will fur.
nish an increase of several thousand.
The Estes bill provides that in
'unties having population of over
% 900 and under $4,000, the salaries
of the county Off gers shall be as fol-
lows: Clerk and Master, County
Court Clerk, Sheriff and Trustee,
each, 81, 500; Circuit Court Clerk,
1900, and County Register, $1,000.
Should the population reach $4,000,
the salaries will be increased as fol-
lows: Clerk and Master and Countv
Court Clerk, $4,000 each; Sheriff,
Trustee and Circuit Court Clerk,
81 SEQ each, and the Register, S2 900.
They would not receive these
salaries, however, unless they made
them; and it is doubtful whether
any except the Registers would
materially exceed the present sal
aries. Tney would have the benefit,
however, OF receiving VIII atever
| they did make il fees.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22
AMERICAN COWBOYS,
Two Hundred Strong, VIII go Into the
WiIds of Central Africa In
Search Of Ivory.

MEMPHIS, Sept. 1S.-Henry G.
Moore of Corinth, Miss, who has
spent sixteen years in South Africa,
passed through Memphis yesterday
en- route to Denver, Col, where he
will secure 200 cowboys for a hunt
ing trip to Central Africa. Mr..
Moore will within "A few weeks sail
in a private yacht from some South
American port with his 2lO cowboys
and four rapid fire machine guns
for use against the natives in get
ting out ivory aud specimens.
The party will land In Portuguese
East Africa and proceed up the
Zimbesi River to Zumbo, where IL
will be Joined by 900 Matabsle ma
tives and will 90 thence % the lake
county. Mr.. Moore and four other
gentlemen will defray all expenses
of the expedition and they expect 10
collect much ivory. Mr.. Moore l. a
hunter Of almost worldwide repu.
tation.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22
To Insneef the Arsenal.

Col. Huggins, government inspec-
to- will arrive here to-day to inspect
tue Columbia Arsenal. The build
iugs have been neatly painted aud
o her nesded improvements have
b. en- made. Cal. Huggins will tind
everything In first class order upon
! is arrival.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

THE shipments of iron from Ala.
bama and Tennessee for the past
eight months show the most extra.
ordinary demand ever known to
Southern production.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

GEN. ALGER has written letter
announcing lis Withdrawal from the
Michigan senatorial contest. He
says that his reasons for the step are
personal and of business nature.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

COFFEE pli n ers at Santiago de
Cuba held a meeting last week to
protest against the free admission
into Cuba of coffee from Porto Rico,
declaring that it would kill the
Cuban coffee industry.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

CHARLES ALFRED PILLsBURY, the
millionaire miller Of Minneapolis,
more familiarly called "the flour
king" died unexpectt dly Sunday
after brief illness.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

THE President has authorized the
organization of company of In
dians for service in the Philippines.
More than enough volunteers have
already offered themselves.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

THE jury in the case of J. d.
Clark, charged with the murder of
Minnie Cox, at Nashville, returned
verdict Monday morning, finding
the defendant guilty of murder in
the first degree, with mitigating cir
cumstances. A motion for new
trial was entered.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

THE formation of the Tampa,
Fla, cigar syndicate has been com
pleted, and officers will be elected
at a meeting to be held in New York
in few days. The syndicate will
be capitalized at 100000.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

The builders trial of the battle.
ship Kentucky will take place about
the first of October. The Govern.
ment trial will come off the latter
part of October, and the vessel will
go into commission in December.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22
SPOKE AT CLIFTON.
senator Padgett Receives the Unqualified
Endorsement Of the Clifton Herald.


Endorsement Of the clifton Herald.
The Clifton Herald, Of September
Il, says: I'VE are in receipt Of a
le,ter from l.. p. Padgett, of Column
bia, stating that he would be in Cliff
ton, SATURDAY., September l5. Se1a-
tor Padgett Is a candidate for Con-
gress from this Congressional district
and is receiving general endorsement
in almost every county In the district.
He is a lawyer Of eminent ability, a
man Of sObriety, and unimpeachable
integrity, aud a Chicago PLATFORM
l6- to | free silver William Jen-
nings- Bryan Democrat with an
uutarnished record. Senator Padgett
j. we'll Il ted for COngres essional hon
ors and we hope be will distance the
field.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

Col. CHARLES DENBY and Prof.
Dean Worcester, the two members
of the Philippine Commission who
are still at Manila, have been re-
quested by President Mckinley to
return home as soon as possible, and
will sail September 26.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22
NEWS AND COMMENT.

COXEY has again gone on
strike-this time he struck lead
mine in Ohio that will make him
many times millionaire.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

The Chinese Government mas
lodged protest at Washington
against the order of Maj. Gen. Otis,
excluding Chinese from the Philip
pines.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

THE Southern Illinois Conference
of the M. E. Church, South, in ses-
sion at Clay City, Ill, last week,
passed resolutions favoring special
session of the General Conference to
refund the money secured from the
Publishing House claim.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

THE conference on the uses and
abuses of trusts closed its session at
Chicago last Saturda- in blaze of
oratory. in which Col. w. ]. Bryan
was the central figure. His argu-
ments against the trusts were very
forceful, and his speech was enthu-
siastically received by his audience.
Bourke Cochran followed the noted
Nebraskan with a speech, but dis
claimed any intention OF debating
the conclusions of his immediate
predecessor, and declaring his COM
plete concurrence in much that Mr..
Bryan had said. The Westerner
had delivered the speech of the day
during the forenoon amid frequent
Interruptions of tumultous applause.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

THE cattle syndicate has been or
ganized, and will shortly be incor-
porated under the laws of New Jer-
sey with $25,0O0,OOO capital. The
promoter will apply for permit to
do business in Texas, and there is
some prospect that he will meet with
opposition from the State officials.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1899-09-22

THE indignation of the Maryland
people at the humiliating of Ad-
mlral Schley by the Navy Depart
ment last Monday assumed concrete
form. A vigorous protest was lodged
by a delegation of Maryland Repub-
licans, consisting of Gov. Lowudes,
Senator Wellington, Mayor Malster
of Baltimore and Gen. Felix Agnus,
of the same city, against the con-
summation Of the proposed plan Of
relegating Admiral Schley to OBJ
scurity by sending him to take COM
mand of the South Atlantic Squa-
dron, composed Of few third-class
cruisers, those vessels which are
considered unseryiceable in the
North Atlantic Squadron, command
ed by Admiral Sampson. Each
member of the delegation protested
TO the President against such a
course and insisted that Schley
ought 20 have a better assignment.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-05-25
OeOeys JeSeie6 Sword.

WAsuISoToS. ID. C.. Specisi--A no.
table feature Of Admiral Ds~ey's srri-
val in Washingtop. will bs the pYssen-
tstion io him by the Presidsdat of the
superb iswsled sword. made by suihor-
ity Of Congress. ~ . testimonial from
the govsrpmeut The sword was CON-
plstsd some time siscs. but owing 10 its
dslicscy and grss. value, it vss deemed
best not 10 send IL 70 the admiral IL
10 nov in safe deposit vault. s~aiiing
his coming The presentation 70 the
officers and men Of tho sdmirsl's fsg-
chip Of the handsome medals author.
lied by Copgrsss wall occur probably
st the same time
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-05-25
STATE SQUIBS.


There will be eight vacant schola..
ships for this State the coming year in
the Peabody Normal College. Nash
vile. Tenn, on account of the retire
ment OF the following scholarship stu.
dents: Kate Bagley, Emma D. Conn.
Blanche Dupree, w. G. Reeves. J. V.
Simms, W.M. Stancell, L. W. Trivitte,
Sally G. Smith. These persons were
appointed by competitive examination
by the State Superintendent OF Public
Instruction a year ago. To fill these
vacancies President Payne nominates
the following students now at the col
lege from North Carolina: NJ. G.. Mos
ley, Elkin; l.. Z. Messick, Jonesville; :;
Bessie Cheek. Whitehead; Electa Foote,
Roaring River; Ethel E. Bar ker, Jones'
vile; T. X. Lisk, Morganton; E. NJ.
Hampton, Jonesville; ID. L. Strader,
Bason. superintendent Mebane has
appointed the above and given them
notice OF the appointment. This leaves
ny vacancies, to be filled by appoint
ment. Two years ago there were eight
such appointments.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-05-25
The Naval Reserves.

Governor Russell has been notified
by the Secretary Of the Navy that the
Naval Reserves Battalion of North
Carolina will receive 1928. Is as their
ehare of the naval militia fund of the
Federal Government. The money will
be used for equipping the Naval Re-
serves with guns, haversacks, canteens,
ammunition, etc. The Government
furnishes uniforms outside of this ap-
preparation. The Reserves will be
armed with Lee magazine rifles of the
very latest pattern. They already have
a large Hotchkiss gun. The appro-
priation last year was less than one
half of what it is this year. The larger
appropriation will add much to the
strength ana efficiency of the organi
Zation.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-05-25
|SAN BI)RO Captured.
The Seeond lnsUreeni capi,,l Fslls
Before the American,
NEGRO DesPegAD0 AT BAY.
6es<ssi ussVsss esSssss tie Ssss 81 .
s~es. .-Iss csAsss csssss Dssa
osse, pvssssssS ssss Q Ssssiss ssssa

MANIA. By Cshls --osssssi iAv-
tess sd.snes sssrd. ssass Csisssi
Sssmsss. ef the orsssa sreers. ssss
Sss ls,dro. the inssrrsss oaraisi. -
sac e'eleck wsdsdssdsy asrsisx.
The s,rsdssios ssdss Ms.or kseh. %
The Third ARTILLERY. eesssssass u Tie
Ssvsssh fnfssssy. . bsstslsss u sss
N,nsh. and ess bss,sry Of The Fret Ar.
tilissy. isit Csian.is 81 dsyhrssa.
asrehisg up the Eio Grade 10 lsss
Lsvto1's div.s.es 81 Arsyst
4 hosills Of Csscoe.. loaded 9TH
supplies. also proceeded NJ The rivss.
Both forces ~sss conveyed ey gun-
boats upder Cap,sis Grant As1issiao's
sx secretary. Erosmiiio. sho ~ss ar
rested here on February 2ai. 10 pev
employed 90 offcisl irisrrs etsr BY the
ssthesitiss