The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1899-08-07
WONDERFUL TELEGRApHY.
TEN THOUSAND WORDS AN
HOUR TO BE SENT.
New Automatic System Which It
Is Claimed Will Accom-
p1ish This.

px1Sn ms.
To transmit every word in big met
ropolitan newspaper from one city to
another in an hour-that is the promise
made by the inventors of an improved
method of telegraphy. The Importance
of this new system. the invention OF
Messrs. Pollack and Virag, Hungarian
engineers, lies in it's extraordinary
speed, it's reported practicability ana
the consequent reduction of cost OF
transmission and of the number of tele-
graph lines required.
a comparison of the new system,
which has the Endorsement Of the Hun
garian Government, with other systems
of telegraphy in use shows the merits
claimed for it. The following is an APP
proximate comparison:
Ten-word
Messages
System. Per Hour.
Morse Duplex :. .'' .......:....... 40
Hughes .............. 1OO-12O
Hughes Duplex >. :. .. 1870
Baudot | 400
Wheatstone '''..'''.'....'.' a.4OO
Pollack and Virag :. :. ............ 10000
AS is well known, the Morse system,
which is in use principally in this coun-
try, is dependent on the physical endur-
ance and accuracy of an operator, and
on that account is very limited in scope
and speed. The Wheatstone system, ex-
tensively used in England, may be
called a machine telegraph, as the mes
sage is prepared on strip of paper
by a perforating machine. This i'm
narof hos cyixy a
great advantage over the ordinary
Morse system, but the apparatus en-
ployed is extremely delicate and easily
gets out of order.
An improvement over this system is
the Hughes printing telegraph, which,
as it's name indicates, actually prints
the characters and requires no per-
forated slips of paper. Mr.. Baudot in
creased the capacity of this system
f1vefold by the employment of five sets
of apparatus, but even this did not
prove to be the final solution of the
high-speed telegraphy problem, as the
many moving parts introduced friction,
and, therefore, consumed a great deal
of power.
Perhaps the nearest solution of what
might be called the ideal method was
the invention of Messrs. Crehore &
Squiers, two American engineers, which
created decided sensation a few years
ago and was fully described in the vari-
Gus daily papers and periodicals. These
inventors employed an alternating cur
rent as their source of energy, and used
an electromagnetic light pGlarjZing APP
paratus, in order to photograph the sig
nails and obtain light and dark spots on
a strip of paper The power consumed
was SO considerable that the inventors
finally combined their transmitting APP
paratus with a Wheatstone receiver,
making theirs a very complicated sys
tenn, and one which gave little promise
of practical success.
With all the advantages of these var
ious systems to guide and aid them,
and with the SHORTCOMINGS to warn
them, the inventors Of the new sys-
tenn set to work to employ new prin-
ciples and combine the delicacy and ac-
curacy of the telephone receiver with
the efficient performance of the per-
forated strip telegraph transmitter.
In their system the messages to be
transmitted are first perforated on a
strip of paper, which passes with great
rapidity under two small brushes. One
brush is connected to the positive pole
of one set of batteries, and the other
brush to the negative pole of a second
set. The two other poles are then con-
nected together through the return cir
cults. The paper slip is moved along
by means of a cylinder. which is cen
nected to the circuit and makes con-
tact with the brushes above It when
ever there is a hole in the paper strip.
In this way positive or negative cur
rents will be sent over the line, ac
cording to which one of the brushes
comes in contact with the cylinder. The
paper strip has two rows Of perfora-
tons, the one serving for the positive
current impulses, the other for the neg
ative ones. The one produces at the
receiving station a line going upward,
corresponding to the dash in The Morse
code, while the other impulse produces
downward strokes, corresponding 10 the
dots in the Morse code. If, therefore,
the Morse code can be adopted, any tel
egrapher can read the new signs with
out any effort.
The receiving apparatus is very sim
pie 1t consists of a telephone, to
which small concave mirror is at
tached. The diaphragm is vibrated by
the impulses of the current, moving
toward or away from the electromag-
net, according to the direction of the
impulse sent over the line. The move
ments of the diaphragm are transmit
ted to the mirror by means of a small
rod. AS diaphragm movements amount
ing to a few thousandths of a millime-
ter are dealt with, the mirror is at
tached in such a way that it receives
comparatively large movements.
The mirror has attached to it a small
piece of soft iron, by means of which
it is held in position by a permanent
magnet in such a manner that it's one
pole, ending in two points. holds the
mirror by means of the soft iron plate.
the line joining the points forming the
turning axis for the movements of the
mirror. The other pole of the magnet
has weak spring attached to it which
also ends in a point and forms the
third point of support for the mirror.
This spring is attached to the diaph-
ragm by means of a small rod, so that
the small movements of the diaphragm
produce rotary movement of the con-
Sa'S ihiilo VI, WHICH, dIc comparatively
large, because the points of support are
very close together The light from a
small incandescent lamp falls upon the
mirror which. in turn. reflects the
image of the filament on a senstized
piece of paper
THE MESSAGE PHOTOGRAPHED.
This image moves out of it's original
position in one or the other direction,
according to the movements of the dia-
mira srra and mirror ahich ,.o act,1a tod