Evening journal., 1899-11-20
THE VANISHED RACE.
A BUILDING THAT HOUSED 5000
CLIFF pwELLERs
A Ruined Aboriginal City on clin
a Thousand Feet High-SlSulIs Of
People That Had Double Teeth All
Around-some Remarkable Relies.


People That Had Double Teeth All
Around Some Remarkable Relies.
Laden with relics OF the vanished
race of the Cliff Dwellers, the Rev. Or.
George /. Cole has returned from a
journey to the ruined cities Of South
eastern Colorado and New Mexico. VAL
liable results were secured by excaya-
tions in an ancient communal dwelling,
as yet unnamed, which stands on the
cliffs Of the Santa Fe River, fourteen
miles from Espanola, N. M. This Is the
largest pueblo yet discovered In the
United States, and Dr.. Cole was practi-
cally the frat to visit it with scientific
objects in view. He found stone inn
plements and pottery of extreme rarity,
and the bones of a race all OF whose
teeth were molars or grinders. Among
the bones excavated from a burial
mound on the mesa were a woman's
femurs measuring nineteeN inches, a
length which indicates that this aborig-
lnal giantess must have been at least
seven and half feet tall
The cliff on which the uneXplored
ruins stand rises a thousand feet above
the surrounding country. On one side
of the isolated rocky mass is the valley
Of the Santa Fe River, on the other
that of the Santa Clara. Up to GOO feet
is a shelf which furnished a nesting
place for the Cliff Dwellers Of nobody
knows how many centuries ago. In the
soft pumice stone they burroweG dens
for their families. Eventually the Or
| iginal shelters in the cliffs grew to be
great warren. Room after room was
hewn out until the rows we're four or
AZ, n1sn -
Overhangtng cliff, walls were built, ex-
tending the rows Of rooms. The Gin
Dwellers were sheltered from rain or
storm and their homes were inaccessi-
ble for their enemies.
Not satisfied with their rock caverns,
J the Cliff Dwellers climbed upward, and
on the mesa, 400 feet above the shelf
on which the caves opened, built a
communal dwelling.
This mesa is about three-quarters of a
mile wide and a mile and a half long,
with cliffs all about and the best of op-
portunities for defense. On its edge
was reared a watch tower of granite,
! whose height DR.. Cole believes to have
I been not less than sixty feet. The
/ blocks were painfully carried up the l.
/ 000-foot cliff, for the nearest granite
deposits are at a considerable distance.
For greater security wall was built
across the middle of the mesa.
On this rock platform, 1000 feet up in
the air. there stand to-day the ruins of
two communal dwellings, one evidently
much older than the other. The older
l dwelling is as yet untouched. and what
little exploration of the more modern
one DR.. Cole had time for amounts to a
acre scratch on the surface.
] ~
hundred rooms in the larger building in
its prime, says DR.. Cole and probably
two thousand. The building measured
240x300 feet. It was of blocks of stone
measuring six by six by fifteen inches,
quarried from the cliffs below, and car
ried up by the wOrkmen. The rooms
were rooted with timber, and the walls
: then carried higher. In the centre was
a great court a common kitchen for all
from whsch radiated immense numbers
. of rooms. The building spread with
the growth Of the community until it
was three stories high and the rooms
! stretched away twelve deep from the
central court, with smaller courts here
and there. DR.. Cole estimates that the
population averaged about three 10 q
room, which would make between 4,S00
and 5000 people dwelling in the i'm
mense pueblo, besides those who lived
In the cliff caves.
The rooms at the sides of the COM
munal dwelling averaged about four
teen feet in size. On the upper stories
they were mostly smaller, some being
only seven by fourteen, others seven
by twenty-one. Some rooms were
found as large as fourteen by twenty
one feet.
With the trophies Of his summers ex-
plorations spread out about him, DR..
Cole has turned his parlor into an an
4 thropOlogical museum. One table is
y covered with water jugs and incense
{ pipes, the sofa hidden under stone axes,
! mortars, pestles. weaving shuttles and
e. pottery. Another table is decked with
{ a row Of grinning skulls and huge
4 ! crossbones; beneath it comfortably re-
e pose all the parts of skeleton, from
= the toe bones to the shoulder blades
= waiting to be wired together, and
o strewn about are bows and arrows
, baskets, jugs of twisted twigs, made
Z water-tight by pitch; modern Indian
pottery, photographs by the score. and
q stump of petrified wood. The skulls
are particularly valued possession.
Look at those teeth" said DR.. Cole
d tenderly fondling the skull of the giant
d ess. She has no incisors. no cutting
n teeth, in front, as have all the Other
s races Of which l have any knowledge
d She has grinders all around, and 81
t. have the other skulls. That shows they
l. were grain-eaters rather than meat
e eaters. The foreheads are high and the
shape of the skull shows intelligence
S but notice how curiously they are fiat
e tened at the back.-Los Angles Times
Il
A ChlOroform story.
a a pet tortoise. owned by a lady il
South London, was badly worried BY
the house-dog. so the owner decided {,
have the MANNED reptile put out of ex
istence. friend, medical student
t. undertook to achieve the business o
e, killing with a minimum Of pain so h.
ID placed the thing in a box along with
)f duster saturated with chloroform. TIL
D. next morning il was found that the dos