New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-08-20

tory Of the United States Of America than any
other part OF the American Continent. In the early
autumn months OF ITS, the seat of war for indie
pendence having been transferred to Georgia, and
the city OF Savannah having fallen into the hands
OF the British, Count dEstaing, in command OF the
French feet united with General Lincoln Of the
Continental Army in besieging that city. After a
heavy bombardment Of the British defences by the
French feet and the American land batteries, an
unsuccessful attempt made to carry the place
by storm, eight hundred Haytian negro soldiers par
ticipating in the assault The desperation Of the
attack may be judged by the mortal wounding OF
Count Pulaski the Polish patriot the death of
Sergeant Jaspar, OF Fort Moultrie fame. and the
loss Of thousand American lives. The French
naval commander, Count dEstaing. having once
before deserted the Americans at critical mo-
ment, repeated that performance before Savannah,
dealing a disastrous blow 10 the Continental cam
palgn in the South. The cooperation Of the Hayan
soldiers was through the French alliance Of 177S
with the United States and orders TO D'Estang 10
recruit a body OF volunteers from the Anthem
colonies Of France to aid in his cooperation with
the Americans in their against England
Nor was this the only instance IN which Hayti
assisted American governments in throwing off
the yoke OF European dominion. The success Of
Bolivar in the liberation of Venezuela and Colombia
was largely due to the aid extended by Hayti The
negro republic has therefore much TO be proud of
outside of its own thrilling struggle for freedom.
EARLY HISTORY OF HAY1L
The seed of empire which spread so vigorously
in the New World under Spanish discovery and
domination. was planted by Christopher Columbus
within two months after he raised the standard OF
his King and Queen on Guanahani, on October r.
1892 In the harbor of Mole St Nicholas and at
Las Navidad on the island Of Hayti which there
after received the name Of Hispanioa, or Little
Spain.
The inhuman methods Of colonization and civiliz-
alton practised by the lberian race began con-
tenporaneously with the occupation OF the newly
discovered country by destroying within the first
twenty-five years in cold blood a million Of the
native Inhabitants, thus practically extermnating
the aboriginal people. This act of savagery was
followed by importing, through the Portuguese
African slaves 10 bear the burdens OF abject toll
From this same island sailed forth the Armadas
ana expeditions Of lesser noe which threw into the
LAP OF Spain the great American dependencies Of
CUBA the isles Of the Caribbean Sea- Jamaica
Trinidad. Surinam, Venezuela, Brazil Honduras
Darien. Yucatan. Florida. Mexico Peru. California
Buenos AyTes, Louisiana Chill and other regions,
together forming empire which embraced more
IMAM half OF the North and nearly all OF the South
American Continent. The Asatc empire OF Tinour
the Tartar scarcely exceeded it in area
What is to-day known as Hayti, or the western
part of San Domingo. the first soil in the New
World TO come under the dominion OF Spain by
right OF discovery. was the first to be wrested from
hec by the might Of arms by France in war Of
England and France against Charles V OF Spain
within thirty-eight years of It's first settlement
Many thrilling situations in the worlds history
have occurred in Hayu From the Isle de Ia
Iortue. on the northwestern coast. the French
EXTENDED their occupation TO the mainland despite
the most desperate counter efforts Of the Span
fards Their occupation was followed by settle
1nents and cultivation. Governors were placed In
authority, until, urder the Treaty of Ryswick
Louis XIV. In 1887 IN disposIng of the subjeots OF
contention among the allied Powers, had the ALL
thority OF France ratified over that part OF
Hispanola possessed by the Kings subjects and
known specifically as Hayt.
In 1876. under the Treaty OF Bale, the who,a
island ceded 10 France. but the eastern mart
was restored 10 Spain with the restoration of tha
Bourbons. after the overthrow Of Napoleon l.
The present line OF boundary, giving about one
third on the west 10 France and the rest OF the
island. on the east. to Spain. provided in the
Treaty of Ryswick. but the line itself. which Zig
Gags across tho island from Fort Dauphin to Anse-
a-Pitres. was not defined the ground until sew
enty-three years later.
This confirmed by special treaty In the same
year that the colonies OF North America declared
themselves Independent OF Great Britain.
STRUGGLES FOR FREEDOM
The French Revolution. which led to such a COM
plete rehabilitation of governmental affairs in
Europe exercised a most important bearing on
the future OF the Haytian colony
The determinations which had weighed so heav-
fly against the social. economic and legal status
Of the blacks and muattoes through tho course
pursued by the whites. backed by the home gov
eminent. had produced tho situation in
Hayt toward the end Of the last century that
existed In the British colonies OF North America
IN the two decades Immediately preceding The
cases are parallel only to the extent Of conditions
In policy the obstinacy Of the British King and
parliament had driven the North Americans into