The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1899-02-22

France there IN the reign VI OHallo'
TX; but no permanent settlement was
made until our Charles II granted it
as a county palatin to certain OF his
courtiers, of whom Clarendon and
Shaftesbury were the most notable.
The Lords Proprietors, on the whole,
did their duty as we'll, or as badly, as
any others to whom similar rights were
given elsewhere. They certainly sent
out some colonists who could never
have paid their own way, and, though
they muddled many things, the mis-
takes we're not usually due to mig
gard searching after profits. 1t so
happened that John Locke, then Ash
ley's secretary, was employed to draw
up a constitution, and his Fundamen-
tai Constitutions have furnished some
amusement to those who like to grid
at philosophic politicians. We had
half hoped that Mr.. McCrady might
have rehabilitated these "Fundameu-
tai Constitutions. But he is law.
yer, and Locke prescribed that no
man should plead in the Colonial
Courts save on behalf of near rela-
tions. So Mr. McCrady has his re-
venge, and makes mincemeat of the
Landgraves and the Caciques by which
the Wing philosopher tried to build
up hereditary aristocracy on tabula
rasa. Indeed, he deprives Locke Of
the only credit to which he had been
thought to be entitled-that of estab-
fishing toleration for all Deists. 1t is
true that, until in the reign Of Anne,
Tory majority in the local Legisla-
ture made membership Of the Angli-
can Church condition for State en-
ployment, Dissenters Of all sorts en-
joyed in Carolina greater freedom
than in any other colony, and an Ana
baptist minister who fed from New
England lived and taught in Charles
ton in peace. But this was not
due to Locke. 1t was due to
the express provision which Charles
II had inserted in the charter enjoin-
ing the proprietors to exercise power
Of dispensation which, according to
the strict Whig view Of the Constitu-
ton, the King himself did not pos
sess. And, as a matter of fact, these
Fundamental Constitutions were never
put in force. One Of the proprietors,
Sir William Berkeley, was the Cover
nor of Virginia, who concluded re-
port with the famous declaration: II
thank God that there are no free
schools, no printing, and | hope we
shall not have these hundred years;
for learning has brought disobedience
into the world, and printing has di-
vulged them and libels against the
best government" He was not very
likely man to yield to the whims of
philosophedom. Nor we're the colon
lists philosophers. They proceeded.
at the instigation of one William
Owen, doubtless Welshman, to elect
a democratic Parliament in their own
rough and ready way, among whom
were "N1ick Moran, laboring Irish
man, and Rich Crossley, set free by
his master for idleness. Thus early
did the eternal struggle between the
Mugwump and the ward politician be-
gin upon the American continent
with the usual result.
They were a strangely mixed lot
these colonists. The strongest stream
of immigration was from Barbados,
where already there were $4,000
whites, English, Scotch and Irish.
Mr.. McCrady thinks that the Com
monwealth established the navigation
system mainly to punish these sugar
planters for their loyalty. Charles II
did no better, and thence it came that
the Church Of England element in
South Carolina was the most populis-
tic in tendency, while the Dissentcrs
stood by the proprietors. The Hugue-
not refugees were another strong cle-
ment. They numbered about a tenth
Of the population, and were mostly
artiicers. The ScotchIrish did not
come until later, when they immigra-
ted by way Of Virginia, but there were
plenty of both Irish and Scotch. 1t
is curious and notable fact that the
Governor at the end of the seventeenth
century was Joseph Blake, who was
either the nephew or brother of Crom-
wells admiral. and had left England
owing to the dread which Noncomfor-
lists in the West felt Of persecution
under Popish King; while his sue
cessor, James Moore, chosen by the
local council, was son OF Rory
O'Ioore, the Irish Catholic rebel of