davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21

~ hiL ~ ~ ~ y iNNht ~ &u
he Board met pursuant t,
adjournment Present same a'
on the ith inst.
The following accounts wer,
approved. VIZ
". q thompson, subscription
Black Range and printing, w ~
T. }. bennett, printing ana sta
tnnety, $500 Thos g Hail
salary "s clerk, 800 90; John Il
Smith, interpreter Of Probate
Court, $3 90. Julian Chavez, eal
AIRY as probate iudgr, S7o 60; Max
l.. kahler, Attendance on Probate
Court, "a 90 'rhos g Hall. cleo.
tiun expenses. etc, $40 %; Anirca
donznlee, election messenger w 80
&. > Phillips, election messenger,
SO 90; Soiero Monloya, election
IN ssenper. VT 90, Jose Chavez ,
Gonzales, election m,srrneer S3 %
Emilio iorrer, election n-rstnger
IS 90; A - Warren. election mes
scnp,r, 7Oc; Simon Grijslba, cleo
lion len,. 80 30; / g Long. tup
plier, 81 so. l. + Mowers, SUP.
plies, ~ 10; Andrew Kelley, office
supplies. ~ 90; VIII NJ llobins
Office auppller. $l7 35; Max l.,
kahlrr, pnuprr aid. $1,000; RohinS
x Crews, pnuper aid. WA 90; Max
H. kahlrr, jail expenses. $50 80;
Geronimo SANCHEZ salary ar Jall"r,
$3.50 90, l.. clay. panper aid, " 90,
MIX J. Kehler, j y. expenses,
$2i.2O; Cur 6rosell',j j p, exprnees,
- %, peiirlo Gutierrez .. ex-
penses, ~ 90 George G. Ring, ]. p.
expensep. Sl15; Ed. pnt'en. 3.
expenses, rs 55, \. $. Warren. j p.
expenses, ~ 40, } T. SIN lh. ] p
expenses, 81 %; Wm =. K"l. j p,
expenees, 5000; =. a. Barnard.
j .. exueuee-. S3 90; Greviel Cerc
cerez. wood, Sc ~
The following nccouD's were
ordered paid out of School Fond
August Mayer. snIary aud ,nc,
dentals as school rupt $lO3 S5
Frank | Given. salary aud Incl
deniaIs aa school supL, Sll1 rs; /;
Keller, Miller a. Co. supplies for
school snpt.. 81 30, i e Mowers.
Supplies for school supt.. si.75,
l. J Bennett, printing and sta.
ticuery FIR school supt $l400
Ordered, That Francisco Mon
toya be paih IS 90 NJ II Road
Fund. as salary "A * ofirio ro"d
eupervisar of Pr. cipct No
The Clerk IL hereby in-truct,d d
10 noliiJ Frnncisco Mcntoya to
make II 'rpsri ~ TX tficio road
suprrvisor fer The yea, 1898
David Cbavez was appointed
constable for Precinct NJ 7. in
ilnce II Vicente TrujiIlo, re-
signed
Manuel Sanchez wns appointed
constable for Precinct No 8
Pablo Samora was appointed
justice Of the peace for Preoiacl
No. s.
Ordered, That the Clerk be IN
st,aetcd - 'w'ify the C"ll~e'e,
that the Jane-' House. adyrrii-ed
fnr sale IL delinquent Tux lisi of
1898 IN Precinct No |. ~ The
nrmr u Char ~ Gsns,., IL nn err 7
and that the same be not sold
Ordered, TbAt the following
tayea be rrs,a ed v II Burh.r
ti3 90; Cloudmap X Go 50 IS. |
Cnrnpi,ue Sullivan 10 56
Adjourned - meei tonuffpw
Anfil 9th. ~ . o'clock a 10.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21
KINGSTON NEWS.

- Bevan & Murray are leasing
on the Illinois, and have a grand
streak Of ore.
There is prospect for King
ston having kindergarten in the
near future, under the management
Of Mrs Anna Davis.
Judge Robert West is suffer
ing very aoh from rheum atism.
A. j Hager aud wife were in
this week from the saw mill, WELT.
my their daughter, Mrs. JAS. Reay
Mr. aud Mrs, John L. Me-
Lnughlin OF the county capitol
werr visitors at 0. w Bevan's last
Sunday
r. j. Hlll has made big
strike ut the Black Colt mine.
Mrs. A. J. Patteu, who has
beeu away for three months, re-
turupd home this week NIKE.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21

kO5al output since Jan. !, 1875 !, -
The owners Of the Mastodoi
aud American mines are going t
patent.
"A sixteen ihch vein of SIX
ore was uneafthed at one OF the
mines of the Golden Era groui
this week
On last Saturday Robert Scot
disposed Of his mine to ArlxonH
parties for 81 TOO, and shortly
afterward left on husiners visit
to Mexico. The new owners Will
organize and incorporate.
= Nessrs. Welch q Niclile are
grinding up SO tons Of ere per day
at the big Porter mill, and making
an average saving in values uf 30
per cent to the ton.
Martiu Brrg.in made crun'a
OF very valuable l3cationr IN the
neig burbood of ,iae Lsi!lsboro
plncers during the wsek
-Wm. Wnylard. Ihe locky
lesser who saved up nearly $5,6JU
from his leaaes in ,hps diatr'ct,
- snenaing tbs suuD-r at Globe,
ArJzJna.
1t is one Of the proudest pre-
rogatives Of sn A merican cI,lz-n to
conlin lously spell his nane IN any
way that suits his sovereign fancy,
I-iug respnnsi3!e, ~ IN all other
things, for au Ahnss Of the i'fiy
lege. Nor is there any law to pre-
vent a Hllsboro man iron re
locating bis owa mining claim
upder a d t-r-nt name, though
naturally, such actions justify sus
pcion. Tnere are many things on
which the statutes are silent.
JEFF Hirsch, the well known
owner Of the Prosper and Clncln-
natl miues, has placed a tray OF
free gold ore valued at Sl9o on
exhibition in The ADVOCATE
mineral cabinet.
-Mannger e h. Bedford of
the Snake and Opportunity mines,
already has the active operation ot
the properties well in hand, a fact
quite noticeable in their Increased
production. He is a capable, prac
teal man III whom the easers
repose the utmost confidence.
In the liillsboro gold dis
trict averaging lot OF az
says is not generally OF salts
factory result MN retarns are
often disappoin,ingly lower than
be average Such assays show
the fact of presence OF gold, but
not what mill returns may be con
fidently looked for from treatment
of large quantities OF ore.
-Baruey Martin, the big Hills
boro mine owner has started up
work ct another If his pronerties.
This m4kes four mines Mr.. Martin
Is working at present, with tota
force Of 65 men.
Vim. Cooper has disposed of
half interest in the Sheridan mine
10 John l.. Mclaughlin. Cousld.
erstlon 81, 800
The output Of the Tfippe has
increased to 20 tons per day
Judge John + Smith informs /
us that negotiations are pending 1
with Colorado conpa'y for the /
purchare Of the Golden Era group
Eighty tons OF caslom ore WAS
received At The Porter mill on
Monday and Tuesdny last.
A "poctet" Of Tree gold valued /
al S255 90 vas struck hy the nigh,
crew 1T Il e Hih.rulan niue en-
"Wednesday evening.
Double LII" Wilson dis
posed of his lease in the Rlrh
inond. and With the snug little sum I
thus secnrs.i took the sage Iue-
day sor visit 10 bis old home IN
Texas,
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21
TIE WORLDS IDEAL.

DR. Prices Cream Baking Powder combines all the
elements Of ideal excellence 1t is highest in lcavcn
ing power. II is free from the least taint OF putity
10 trial can be too exhaustive, test cxactDg,
for its admirable qualities.
Cake and biscuit made with il retain t.ler
moisture and arc extremely light, Aaky ald iue
s,ai..l-iics coarse AID full Of holes IS lc, r,ad.
with alun baking powders. Alum baking powder
leaves bitter taste in the bread cake and food pre-
pared with it dries up quickly.
The everest tests imposed at the Worli',
coiu.rtiau Exposition and the California Midwinter
-. wt.--c Dr. Prices Cream Baking Powder eclipse
81 -o1pet;sc-s. After full examination ana oonpc
IL occurred the highest honors and spccia. fo1
r1edal. These awards stamp it as
"rnE FoREMosr BAKING POWDER IN ALL the WORLD.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21
AralL 5fn. 8 O'CLOCK A NJ.

ihe B.ard net pur-u.p. Il,
adjournment. Present eaue ~
yesterday
Ordered. That T. + Holmes.
iu-iice II The T., ~co u Pteciici NJ
10, bo notified % collect lLe
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21
HiIIsboro Mines and Mills.

Output of iI,llsDoro gold mines
for the week ending Thursday
April 10Th, 1899, AS reported for
The ADVOCATE:
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21

-Four additional dry washer
machines were set at work IN the
Hillsb"ro gold placers during tie
week This makes % machines III
all employed there.
The terms and conditions OF n
mining lease should be ~ exact
detail, aud so worded as 10 be
capable Of thorough understand
ing. And HilIsboro mine owners
should remember this OF course
it should tie in wrillng. duly
attes,ed and recorded There is
no authority of law under which
public lands may be leased by the
Government for mining purposes
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21

AT the Price admluistratrix
sale last Friday. W II Bucher bid
in for s400 all the interest owned
by The late Fred Z. Price IL the
Sierra County Mills, ut Arroyo
Bonito.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21

Yoa are snre Of good rmoke (
sup huy Suui asers al tii, issi.
oQiec.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21

Master Guy Given has II hand
some scroll work glove box on TX
hlbition at Niller's Store 1t s to
he ratfiad Of Go aud SEE it aud
you will take chance.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21
HILLsBUkO PRO>PEkING,

Saws the Santa F- New Mexican.
Hon. ". 5. HopeweIl, of Hills
boio, member Of the capitol
rebuilding board, who came up
from Hillshorn To attend n meeting
Of the board, is prosperous cattle
and mining man tie states thnt
Hillsboro IL not experiencing u
boom. but ia enjoying steady
prosperity There l- grent activity
in the mines around Hillsboro.
The Philadelphia Mining a. Mill
ing Company has abandoned the
cyanide process aud adopted the
amalgamatlng process. which has
greatly increased the output The
Snake group and the Richmond
group Of mines are being worked
extensively and protiiably on the
leasa system The Porter mill ia
running steadily dav and night.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21

Remember your Sunday reading
and buy vnur favurIte magazine ut
the Pos,oitice.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21

Total output since Jan. | 1890 4 40
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21

G.. Nj. Tomlinson ib sole agent
for the c4Iebratpd Kentucky Com
fort Whisky.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1899-04-21

nmount "t the bond given by
Erasmus Payne aud Louis Krusa
in case Of the Territory Of New
Mexico vs. George Brown.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06
respect.

Koyama is member of the Japa-
nese Diet. That body had been con-
sidering a land tax bill which the gov
ernment was determined should be-
come law. When the roll was
called Koyama announced that certain
agents of the government had paid him
$4,000 to vote for the tax bill, and then
sedately proceeded to vote against the
measure. In his artless Japanese
fashion, Koyama further rebuked his
would-be corrupters by pocketing the
money. While this is exceedingly in
teresting evidence going to show that
the dawn of civilization in Japan has
become sunburst, it is disappointing.
Koyama is evidently young. He
must learn that the first requisite of q
successful politician is to stay bought
and say nothing about it.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06
QUAINT AND CURIOUS.

OF the houses in Paris, France,
there are still 10, 900 with 200, 900 in
habitants) that use we'll water.
Under Henry Y an act of Parlia-
ment ordered all the geese in Eng
land to be counted, and the sheriffs of
the counties were required to furnish
six arrow feathers from each goose.
A large tom-cat for thirteen years
made voyages on mail steamer be-
tween Sydney and San Francisco The
animal died, and was buried at sea,
having almost completed 1000, 900
miles of travel.
There are some curious supersti-
tions concerning waves. The Arab
sailors believe that the high seas off
the coast of Abyssinia are enchanted,
aud whenever they find themselves
among them they recite verses which
they suppose have tendency to sub
due them.
The oldest inhabited house in Eng
land stands close to the River Yer, and
about $50 yards from st. Alban's alb
hey. 1t was built in the time of King
Offa of Mercia about the year 795, and
is thus over 100 years old. 1t is of
octagonal shape, the upper portion
being of oak, and the lower has walls
of great thickness.
During the last decade excavations
in Egypt have added to the treasures
of ancient Greek literature buried in
the sand for two thousand years
manuscripts OF works by Aristotle,
Herondas. Bakchylides, Menander,
besides the Minus romance, Grenfell's
erotic fragment, and the hymns to
Apu:o, with music.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06
The death of Caprivi removes fror

The death of Caprivi removes from
the public life of Europea man whose
chief distinction was that he succeeded
Bismarck as chancellor when Wilhelm
ascended the throne Of empire. Yet
Caprivi deserves honor for long life
OF hard work and high achievement in
both military and naval lines, as well
as in statesmanship. A brilliant gem
eral in war and methodical worker in
the barracks of peace, he proved
himself as equal to the task of reor-
ganizing the German navy as to the
command of an army corps. Had he
not been overshadowed by the tower
ing figure of his predecessor as chan
cellor, and had he not failed to main
tain the harmony Of relations essen
tial to his continuance in Office, the
name of Caprivi would command a
more eminent place in the diplomatic
history of the century.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06

If German scientist is to be be.
lieved, everything needed to make a
man weigh $50 pounds can be found
in the whites and yolks of 1900 hens
eggs Reduced to fluid" declares
the savant, "the average man would
yield SO cubic metres of illuminating
gas and hydrogen, enough to fill a
balloon capable of lifting l55 pounds.
The normal human body has in it the
iron needed to max e seven large nails,
the fat for fourteen pounds of candles,
the carbon for 65 gross of crayons and
phosphorus enough for eight hundred
and twenty thousand matches. Out of
it can be obtained besides twenty cof-
fee-spoonfuls of salt, fifty Jumps of
sugar, and forty-two litres of water. T"
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06

More evidence of the use of boracic
acid as a meat preservative comes from
Philadelphia. A soap-maker in that
city, who purchases the excess fat
from the market stalls, says that about
five years ago he noticed that some
thing in connection with the tallow
was preventing it's union with the lye
in the soap making process. He con-
cluded that there was an acid of some
kind in the tallow, and on making
that statement to the firm that sup
piled the tallow it was admitted that
the meat men were using wash for
the meat, and that it was boracic acid.
He asked if the fluid was injected in
the meat, and was told that it was
used only on the surface before the
meat was put into the e-chest. The
soap manufacturer adds that he has
often since that time noticed in butch
Ell shops that meat that had been un-
deniably washed with preserving
liquid or powder was avoided by the
flies, while they would swarm on un-
treated meat. He had observed also
that he had less trouble with the acid
In cold weather, when twas presuma-
BILE that less of the preservative was
used.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06

A dispatch from Pine Bluff, Ark, to
the Little Rock Gazette, states that as
a result of the recent successful expert.
ments in Mississippi with monkeys as
cotton pickers, several Jefferson coun.
ty planters will make similar expert
ments. One of the most successful
planters in the state, we are told, will
soon have monkeys in his field. This
looks like the revival OF hoax that
convulsed Birmingham, Ala, some
years ago.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06
Chiliren or Taxes.

If you live in Madagascar you must
have children, or else pay tax to the
authorities. This is the latest decree
issued by the government of Madagas-
car. For some time the population
of that island has been decreasing.
The government authorities sat in
council a short time ago and decided
upon tax to be levied, upon every
man who, at the age of twenty-five, is
unmarried, and upon every married
man who, at that age, has no children.
The tax is 1915 year. Every girl
must pay y tax of 81. so year as long
as she remA fins single after she passes
her twenty fourth year. and every
married won IAN does the same until
she has chilf9en as the result Of her
marriage.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06

The statement that Missouri never
Furnishes train robbers is cruel SLAM
der, facetiously remarks the Kansas
City Journal. 1t often happens that
outlaws of this class are sent to the pen
itentiary even before they have been
operating in the state twenty years,
and sometimes they are compelled to
remain there weeks and weeks before
the governor padons them out.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06

It is little over year since Phila-
delphia transferred to the United Gas
Improvement company, under 30
years. lease, the franchise of the gas
company, and reports recently made
mark sharply the difference between
political control and business manage
ment. The city now has revenue of
10 per cent. on an increased quantity
of gas sold at 81 per thousand, where
as it was formerly unable to make
both ends meet at higher rate. Con-
sumers are supplied with better gas,
and the orn-out gas mains have been
replaced with new ones, to the COM
fort of citizens whose noses had
been assailed with the odor of escap-
ing gas. In this work of betterment
So, 112, 800 has been expended within
the year, although the lease only re-
quires the expenditure OF So, 200, 900
in this way during the first three years,
and of SO, 900, 90 thereafter. All these
improvements, it should be noted,
will ultimately revert to the benefit of
the city, as at the end of the 80 years
the gas-works must be returned to the
city without the expenditure of a dol
lar of public money on the improve
ments made OF to be made.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06

Apropos of the phenomenon OF
sleep, printer in newspaper Office
in Bangor, Me-, thought that he had
solved it. He might have succeeded
had not nature called him to account
for his trifiing. His scheme was sim.
pie and plausible. He did not be.
lieve that slumber had auy effect on the
muscles; they need simply rest or
change in the character of exercise. AS
to the brain, that could be rested in
the same way. He dropped off few
minutes from his sleep every day. In
the course of a month he had re.
duced his ordinary time of slumber of
eight hours to five. At length he
reached the supreme moment when he
was to pass his first sleepless consecu-
tive twenty-four hours. AS has been
said, he was printer, compositor.
He needed certain font of type that
was kept in dark corner of the
roou' Ho ciihoe up on bne STOOL.
Three hours later they missed him. A
search revealed him sitting on the
stool fast asleep. He was taken home
and he slept for long periods through
out week. SO far he has not found
his experiment. profitable. This is a
good illustration of all the attributes
Of nature. Poor humanity cannot ig-
more her laws without stern admon-
ishmest
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06
Notes of the Crusade.

The imperialism In the saloon power
he imperialism to be dreaded. This col
try can take care OF Aguinaldo easier tn
we can of the salocnkeeper al, ais VI
army.
1t is significant OF the progress that tie
,erance agitation is making In Germi
hat 200 students OF tho University OF
lin have ORC apized themselves into tot
abstinence club, the first IN the empire.
The brewers who we're so patriotic at
,utbreak of the war are now kicking
,rousIy against the additional war tax
beer. Their patriotism was only on
foam after all.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06


Our consul at Liverpool has sent
TO Washington suggestive report on
the results of trial at that city Of au-
tomotor freight wagons. The joint re.
port of the British experts who wit.
messed the trial points out several de.
fects that are alleged to make doubtful
the much more extended use of the We.
hicles in Great Britgin in the near fu-
ture, and emphasizes some of theil
limitations. The trial at Liverpool
included only automotor freight wag.
ons, and the aim there has been to at.
tain the maximum of speed and dura.
bility in competition with the railways
for cheaper freights. Thus far it has
been shown that these wagons may
work in commercial competition with
railway rates with loads up to four tons
and over distances of thirty to forty
miles. This is where British effort
has been stopped temporarily, awaiting
the manufacture of an improved ma
chine. With such proof of what Brit
ish and continental European manu-
facturers have been able to accom-
plish, it will be strange if the plans
and models of our own manufacturers
do not take into account the defects
and forthwith adapt their plants ani
appliances to the needs of the foreign
demand. They have the capital and
can secure the primacy in tho world
markets in this line.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06

In this country the majority rules
but does not tyrannize. 1t is the char.
tered license of the smallest minority
to admonish solemnly, assail bitterly,
ridicule, impugn and defy the sover-
eign, before yielding him that loyal
obedience that no one dares refuse in
the end, philosophises the New York
Commercial Advertiser. Some of us call
this government by discussion. 1t is
edifying enough when it does not lead
ignorant foreigners into acts which
compel us to painful severity. Be-
cause the tolerance of criticism implies
neither abatement of swiftness and
force of national action when national
authority is outraged, nor embarrass-
ment Of government by faction in the
moment of action. The nation dis
cusses with the noisy divergence of o
debating society, but ac with the
unity and force OF an army. Domestic
turbulence has learned this; external
turbulence will learn it, if needful.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06
The AMERICAN NoMAD.

Tanning from the quiet fields
Where the lazy cattle Craze;
Leaving her in tears who bent
Ger him in his helpless days;
Faring down tho dusty road,
Leaving all he loves behind,
Rushing in whore striving men
Push him down and never mind.
Dreams of sweet old peaceful scene
Sometimes, in the rush and roar
Memories of cradle songs
That are sung to him no more;
Newer friends and newer hopes,
Gaining step by step, and then
For little chinking coin.
Leaving all behind again.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06

Ever striving to outstrip
Those that labor at his side;
Spurning love and spurning rest,
Till the last unsatisfied;
Here today-tomorrow where?
"Home" hollow, empty name;
Happiness to give in trade
For little pelf or fame.
Still the lazy cattle Craze
Out upon the sloping hill,
And the smoke is curling up
From the old red chimney still;
Still the rusty hinges creak
When they swing apart the gates,
And little vacant lot
For the restless toiler waits.
cleveland Leader.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06

a sharp line of distinction should be
drawn betw cen the classes that are in
the Submerged tenth" because they
are hopelessly degenerate and those
coming TO us from Canada and Eu-
rope, who begin at the bottom, but
quickly rise to self-support and self
resDect
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06
A TEMPERANCE COLUMN.
THE DRINK EVIL MADE MANIFEST
IN MANY WAYS.

Join the Band-No Matter How Much
Glamour is Thrown Around Wine It IL
the Same Deadly Irritant Poison
Wine Bibbing Leads to Disaster.
Drink reigns almost supreme,
How Potent is its sway,
1t prostrates high and low
1t wrecks both grave and gay.
Then shun the treach'rous drink
And boldly take your stand,
Amongst the brave and free
The growing Temperance band.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1899-04-06

A bicyclist has just obtained ver-
dict of 1924, 500 against railroad COM
oany for the loss of his legs. If he
had not been a wheelman what would
the sum have been?