davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
SHEEP COMBINE.
Capitalists Buying Up the Wool In
dustry of Montana.

Billings, Mont. November 2s,--Repre-
sentatives OF an American English syndi-
cate have been in this State all summer
and fall travelling all over the large sheep
raising sections, securing options on the
best sheep ranches and best watered land
for the purpose of consolidating them into
one large company. Already options on
nearly 100000 head of sheep and 10000
acres Of the finest and most fertile sheep
raising land In the State have been OBJ
tanned. The Representatives OF the syn
dictate In Montana are Colonel Il. G..
Waters and u. j. Morrison OF Billings,
both old and experienced and successful
Montana sheep men. Bert Ress OF New
York is counsel and organizer OF the com
pany. which win be known as the Con
solidated Montana Sheep and Land COM
pany. with a capital OF 81. 100000.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
SAVED 4 TRAIN.
An Indiana Boy Waving the En-
rinecr n warming.

Brazil. Ind, November 96.-The courage
and presence OF mind OF 15-year-old Frank
Williams prevented disastrous wreck on
the Vandalia railroad today. Williams
was coming from Knightsylllc to this city,
when he noticed broken rail- which had
been pressed out OF position by freight
train some hours before. The LAD heard
the westbound passenger and NAL train
whistle for the Knightsvi!le stat on. KNOW
ing that the train did not stop the G. tne
boy ran up the track and, when he sighted
the train, stood between the ra Is and
waved his hat The engineer, seeing the
boy would not leave the track, shut of
steam and applied the air brakes, stopping
the train within II few feet OF the broken
rail, The engineer stated that he was
running fifty miles au hour when he saw
the boy. aud had his engine struck tn rail
with snch great speed, fearful accident
would have occurred
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
THE rRANsvAAL.

The British cabinet has come to de-
clsion relative TO the future OF the Bocr
Republics.
Tho anxiety Of the American administra.
ton to obey implicitly the requests Of the
British government 10 being made much
Of at London.
England has notified Germany and Rus
sia that state of war exists In Africa.
Officers OF her majesty's navy were
killed.
British wcre attacked front and rear
near Belmont.
Tho Beers occupied stormbcrg Junction.
General Joubert says he has 10000 men
in the field.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
A KAFFIRGRAM.

Dcscrtcr from Joubcrt Says He Is
Coming south.
Durham November 26.-Adviccs from Mooi
river say that a kaffir brought in yester-
day. who was impressed at Johannesburg and
allotted to General loubort rs servant. as
serts that General jcubert and his four sous.
with a commando. arc coming south. The
Katir estimates the Boer strength at from
200o 10 1900 men. According to his story,
the British smashed ono or Two OF the enc
my's big guns ut LAdysmith.
There was a heavy thunderstorm at Mooi
river last night All Is quiet there and two
guns from the naval brigade have arrived
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
E THROUGH AFRICAN" TELEGRAPH AND RAILWAY.

lucky and Virginia, have been shipped
to the c2ZT's doniinions and 1000 more
are to follow them rs soon as the baroa
makes the selections. mot only am |
buying HOSES for the army" said he.
but for breeding purposes rs we'll. Tho
animals shipped for military use go merely
as an experiment. They Will be divided
into lots OF four and six in different gar.
rlsons and given o trial"
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
smnIIpox In thc Terrltor,.

south McAlester, ]. T., November &c..
On account OF the prevalence of smallpo,
In the Indian Territory the postmaster
general has ordered the mail fumigated
at the following Offices: South McAles-
ter, McAlester. Krebs Anderson. Wilbur
ton, Cherryyale, Hartshorne. Calvin and
Atoka. 1t is feared that the cold weather
VIII bring on general epidemic of small
nox now existing throughout the Indian
Territory.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
SAMOAN DIVISION.
IL Is Denied that Uncle sam Asked
CoIupensati0n.

Berlin. November 26.--The National Eel
tuns, referring to the rumors that the United
States government Is disinolincd to accent
tho Samoan agreement without territorial
compensation, denies that tho United States
have asked compensation and declares that
efforts made to disturb the COOL understand
ing between Germany and the United statcs'
may be considered to have failed.
The Berliner Tageblatt says: .'Wo learn on
good authority that the present negotiations
solely concerns the manner in which tht
United states government shall give assent
to the new arrangement -
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
WASHINGTON.

The Chinese partition treaty outlined in
tho London cables can not be formulated
because of the opposition OF ''cons!d-
able element" OF the American people to
foreign cntanglements.
It is said objection will be made to
Roberts taking the oath OF Office.
Republican senators have not yet agreed
to tho gold standard bill fixed up at
Atlantic civ
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
SHORT NEWS STORIES.

SPRINGFIELD, Moo. L. Grogan, late OF
the Twentieth Kansas, says Colonel Metcali
did shoot a Filipino who had been captured
but that he acted solely in self-defense as the
native had attacked him with knife
DETROIT, Standardization will be re-
sorted to to prevent a strike Of street car
employees
NEW ORLEANS. La.--General John B.
Gordon, commander chief of the United
Confederate Veterans, has issued an order
subdividing the Alabama division of Confed-
crates into four brigades, to take effect at
opp
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
SENATOR HAYWARD.
Ncbraska's Statesman In n Precnri-
GUS Condition.

Nebraska City. Neb., November Go
Senator Hayward is gradually growing
weaker. his pulse is accelera.ing AMI It
is thought by those best acquainted with
At p. m. the following bulletin was
issued by DR.. Whidden "sengtsr Hay
ward has passed a comparatively COM
Portable day He took some food md
rested and slept some. Paralysis and
mental condition remain the same. The
temperature Is 80. q. pulse 80. Acceleratlon
favorable"
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
II 1. 4 CowaraIy Act,

capetown November 26,--The Cape AR
gus says Lord Methnen's letter 10 the
boer commandment warned him that the
British commander would not recognize
awning but flag OF truce, adding: ITO
piaee white handkerchief on rife ana
70 lake advantage Of your enemy Is,
eowardly act. which neither you nor I
can countenance"
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27

All the operators in the Southern Illinois
district have signed the agreement 10
cease at once shipping coal to the Gould
lines under penalty OF closing their mines
with the exception OF one @'mpany, which
will be allowed TO finish ~ contract with
the Missouri Pacific,
THE situation Is thoroughly satisfac-
tory 10 the mino workers orgauization,"
said Mr.. Mitchell
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
Printers VIII strike.

Omaha, Neb,, November 26.-The out
look tonight is excellent for strike of
union printers, pressmen. press feeders
and bookbinders employed In Job offices
tomorrow The nine-hour day goes into
enect here tomorrow and the men want
nine and one-half hours wages along with
II. This the typothetae refuse to grant
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
WILL PRosEcuTE.
Cnttlen,cn VIII lie Arrested for TAX
ing Herds 10 Territory.

South McAlester, |, T.. November &c.
Prosecuting Attorney soper has received
peremptory instructions from Washington
TO begin at the earliest possible daie 70
take action against cattlemen for bringing
herds Into the Greek rousiry These eases
have been hanging for some time. Tie
legal contest Will be one OF the most M
teresting in the annals OF the Indian Ter
rllofy III.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
germany Notified.

Berlin. November 2G.-The Reichzanzeigcr
announces that Great Britain has notified
Germany that since October II state OF war
has existed in the two Dutch Republics.
The Kolnsche Zeitung, commenting upon
Two. fold Importance In tho first place it
proves that England receded from her former
view point OF regarding the Boers as mere
rebels, and. secondly, 1t imposes on all Ger
mans tho duty OF preserving strict neutral.
|
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
FOREIGN.

Prince Hohenloho is called upon to re-
deem his promises or retire.
1t is denied in Germany that the United
Statcs has asked compensation in tho
Samoan division.
An Independence meeting was held a.
Havana.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27

No two people are anoesss coss1(
diHease In tie same mau.sd n ~
Two people shouid be trsa a,ns 4.
Tor even the same comp,s,isiia y
DR.. Hathaway 70 u spscsss ctci1i
sense OF the word --he nst, ovn7 =
IL i special maaner Of ~ 4 AZ
studied out years ago WIN H.
hospital practice aud sssco(S r. e.
upon constantly during tns t-sSS~ l.
twenty years Of the most
enjoyed by any spscietis% .3ao6
DR.. pathways great Ane ~ n ~
due 10 this indivtduA! eyeLsu -sArrj 4
Or. Hathaway make; sspthSr ~ !|
sultatiou and advice ~ ~
oy palN Ewrox nATNAWk
Dr. Hathasyax y
nv 4lAIanA Dann1
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
LOCAL.

Some of the reasons for holding good
roads convention.
Cases set for the December term Of
the criminal court.
Mr.. j.. +. schNeikart wins tho gold
medal at the Turnvorein bowling con-
test.
man thought to be Frank steele dies
at the police station.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
Took NUMEROUS prisoners.

Capetown November 26.--Reports received
here of the brilliant success OF Lord Methuen
az Graspan say that the Beers had eighty
killed aud many wounded, and that the Brlt-
ish took numerous prisoners.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27

HathawNsi
Every eass ~
h, most csss<
pps s:sas aSE|
eased coe
mined. .p1
sssrsssfei?Ntl
which ar
prepared w.
Hsthsvsysl
supervislse
case
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
THE PHILIPPINES.

The province Of zanboanga. island OF
Mindanao. has surrendered. $3.50
Americans were ambushed by Filipinos-
Council OF war Of AguinaIdo and follow
ers was held while retreatlng.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
"EOa !. Disposai3
Are Early Sho,

Just SO eOa ii
comes out II
scrofula. pimples,
children and yoane
Taken IN time 4 e,:|
eradieated BY asiac
SarsaparLla. II olde
pie. the aftermath 3 Il
nlar lfOing shosus a,.'|
bilfoas conditions. j
head, a foul mou1l
general bad feelinq. \
the blood. the in,purs 81
snhich Is the real cause. Au,lAs 7 IN
Hoods Sa,sapaTla and hsss
reign IN your family.
Bladder Trouble ~
time getting oUer tie e,in. ~ 4
folio1oed by severe Blade, t,saf. r
ing helped until l used HI, 81.
rala. Tauo bottles made - \. J!
uea" Ms. Lois Warts, Ey.,f r
Poor Health ~ ua, s I;
eOsA, took Hoods Sarsapa,als * b
and satisfactory effects. HI. I'
good health eDer since" p. ln4a
In AS Hale ST.. e4ugusta, q.
EoAl SasqbeIl
zgza2sEs
Hoods Pills cure liver Ills; the nopi,,,l,-S
only cathsrt'n ia TAX. with HoodT E;;
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
RAILROADS.

The First Tennessee regiment left I'll
Paso yesterday morning and will arrive
here this morning.
Colonel Morse has big scheme on foot.
The Texas Midland will give cash prizes
to agents.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
weston Half Dc.treyst

Bowling Green. Ohio. November - ~ u
half OF the business portion o.
town Of 1900 inhabitants, was purpss 8
Twelve buildings occupied by apeu Y
business firms were DESTROYED. ~ Nj ~
mated at from $4,000 to ss9'V"' 1'
about half. i,i
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
SPORT.

A. and NJ. and Tulane elevens Will play
game Of football this afternoon
Local eleven has arranged game with
u. OF La. for next Friday.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
POLITIcAL.

Mr. Lanham is said to be Mr. Bailey's
second choice for the minority leadership.
It. is believed Goebel will apply for
mandate TO compel State board to certify
TO his election.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27

TO CURE A COLD IN oNs -
Take Laxative Bromo Quinlny
All druggists refund the moncs w q
to cure. e. w. Groves signs's
each box. Is cents. -
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
LABOR ynounlrs.

All OprratOrA IN SOuthcrn Iiitpioin
signed the Agreement.
lpdisnspclls, Ind, November 2s. -Presi.
dent Mitchell Of ihs United Mine Workers
Of America returned today from 81. Louis.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27

Try . can Of P. 4 r old Fashion No.
issres. 'sold by all Hrst CLASH sroeera II
pure and delicious.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
Hildyard's forces and is blvoucki4
morning at Frere, about midway btu
Estcourt and Colenso.
A TREASURE.
For The Post.

For The Post.
l have found with thrills ecstatc u
the flotsam of the attic,
Just an old and faded picture, n
parent old Daguerre;
II you gaze upon 1t squarely ycu W!
!, the image barely, III. i.
But II you tilt it sidewise forth itt "
distinct and fair;
Features so demure and youthful, ga
wondrous depth and truthful, i
And forehead broad and shilA \
tumbling mass of hair.
In the eyes the faintest twinkle psai
mouth the quaintest dimple,
Seems to offer suggestion that Z
is lurking there.
Peal on peal of ringing laughtet! I'M
years that coming after
Stretch their length down to the ~
] can hear the ripples yet;
Till from out the picture dimly, Do
arrayed most primly
Steps into the fields OF fancy ~
tread a minuet,
VI, tudl CndIIulHS uduSc enu s'-'~'s 7
the maiden so sedately
Fitting thro' its rhythmic mafd y
dear old fashioned air! Il
oh, the ourving, yelling lashes, ~
tantalizing flashes,
OF the orbs. alight with miscma'
ing me to do and dare!
Well, the tale Is worth repeatlnG
the music throbbing beating
Fades away amid the shadoxs =
orerhanging trees; u
Just Ii maid with heart a-nuueE ~
hear lover utter
The old fashioned heartfeit sloIi
sinks upon his knees; -.
And tho answer, softly given' ~
from his knees to Heaven
And two lives are blent IN rap!uss Il i
sweet anthem pure and cies!.
Down the years In music slsn.ae
like crinkled rose leaves ~
Dorothy. come here momsaE
''uiu 'e u. M In!
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
AMERICAN HORSES.

They Arc Deinx Purchns-d for the
Cars Array.
Chicago, November se.--Baron Paul
yietonghoof, the representative OF. the
Russian government Is in Chicago buy
Ing horses Tor tho cars army. Baron
vietougboof says that already 1900 Amer
lean horses, purchased principally In Ken.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27

London November 20 1870
patch from Estcour. dated s,rasr 49,
~ A00' river column has joined General
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27
WHY HE CUN'
The Greatest speciaiiss - ~
In the Treatment - -
Diseases Gives Evesxscn &
HIS Personal Atte 49,

,toeS remedies which they uss ~ Z e
which seem At all similar. ~
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27

WASHINGTON November 2s.-rhe war de-
partment has not been advised of the sur
render OF the province. as reported in Ad-
miral Watson's dispatch. Secretary Root said
tonight he had no news today from General
Otis Both Secretaries Root and Long are
elated over the information sent by the
admiral aud express the belief that tho end
Of the resurrection In the Philippines is now
at hand.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-11-27

Hoods Pills cure liver Ills; the nouif,il,r:
only cathsrt'n 10 tax. with Hoods ss;;3
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1899-06-22
Barbarians and Perfumes.

Though perfume may be the out
come of civilization, and more Law
ishly used by nations well to the
front in manners and polish, there
are instances of people of great de-
moralization who use it in some of
their horrible customs. The fetich-
men of Ashanti supply an illustra-
ton of this, who, for the benefit of
young soldiers, concoct a mixture of
blood, of human hearts and of fra
grant herbs, and Bethany, quoting
from Beecham, says, IAN who have
never before killed an enemy in bat
tie eat Of the preparation, it being
believed that if they did not their
energy would be secretly wasted by
the haunting spirits Of deceased
foes. London Society
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1899-06-22

JeerlnS cH1ldren VINO cried, " See, these
people have no goitres" as if to be with
out goitre was physical deficiency.
Similarly, the prevalence of irregular
periods among young women, and the
commonness of debilitating drains
among married women have created
the mischievous idea that these are the
natural conditions of womanhood
In normal health the periods should
be regular and painless and there should
be neither drains nor pains for the mar
ried woman. To regain that normal
condition of health is possible to every
woman who will make trial of DR..
Pierce's Favorite Prescription. 1t regu-
lates the periods, dries up the drains,
and cures liberation and inflammation.
Sick women can consult Dr. r. v.
Pierce, Buffalo, N ", by letter without
charge. Every letter is held as strictly
private and sacredly confidential.
:" had falling of internal organs and had to
go to bed once month had irregular monthly
periods which would sometimes last ten or
twelve days" writes Mrs. Alice L. Holmes, of
indigestion so bad that could not eat anything
hardly. DR.. Pierce's Favorite Prescription and
Golden Medical Discovery cured me. took
three bottles of the Favorite Prescription and
one of the Golden Medical Discovery"
DIR. Pierce's Common Sense Medical
Adviser-sent free on receipt of stamps
to cover mailing only. Twenty one
cent stamps for edition in paper; 81
stamps for the cloth-bound edition. Adj
dress DIR. R. v. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y. -
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1899-06-22
Photographs

This is my tenth year in vi
nita photographing the peo-
pie. | keep constantly in view
that the people want the best
and most permanent; and
such ph0ts are the kind l try
to make. | can make pictures
as cheap as you can get first
class permanent work in this
part of the country. Can fit
you out with enlarged pictur-
es cheaper than you can get
them anywhere. Come and
and see for yourself. A l6X20
crayOn for $l.50.
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1899-06-22
LOCAL NOTES.
Try Red Cross BAH Blue. jnl0

ing's.
l.. P. Isbell returned from Fairland
this morning.
just received, car of Deering twine
at Vinita Pow Co.
Summer lap robes, fly nets and dus-
ters, at Lee Barrett's.
| Keep cool; its my business to help
you. Sam Kidenhour
The wife of John Mccartney died at
2 O'Clock this afternoon.
c. L. Washbourne, of Southwest
City, was in Vinita today.
Those lap robes at Lee Barretts are
beauties. Go and see them.
Miss Lille Burns went to Fairland
yesterday to visit few days.
Claude Shelton is quite sick and un-
able to be at the store today.
| A. L. Churchill returned from St..
Louis on the flyer this morning.
Col. Ficklin and his two little boys
enjoyed the day fishing yesterday.
Prof. B. r. Morrison and wife re-
turned from Muskogee last evening
Attorneys Preston Davis and ]. H.
Akin went to Muskogee this morning.
First class shoemaker-with all
kinds of repairing done. Lee Barrett
Try Red Cross Ball Blue. jnl6
Second hand goods bought and
sold. See me on this line. kellar
Walker.
These sickly days YOU may need
medicines. We have them. Peoples
Drug Store
Sam Cobb entertains few of his
friends at his home north of town
this evening
Copies of the Vlnita ordinance book
can be obtained at this office: price
% cents eacn
Nose Perryman was on the west
bound Frisco this morning, returning
from St. Louis.
Mrs. d. w. Bushyhead, of Table
quah, is in the city, guest of Mrs.
L. W. Burlington.
Dr. Fortner goes to Sloan Springs
this afternoon to visit the sick child
of James S. Alfrey.
Cold item-Sam Ridenhour's ice
wagon will make prompt delivery to
all parts of the city.
Try Red Cross Ball Blue. jnl6
Ice cold soda pop, ginger ale and all
iced drinks; also fine line cigars, at
Charley Newmans.
Chas. Wasmond, Mr.. Wheat and a
number of Others are enjoying fish
ing trip on Grand river.
Mrs. w. c. Patton went to Musko
gee this morning to visit with her
daughter, Mrs DR.. Fte.
Our drug store is headquarters for
people who want pure drugs properly
prepared. The Peoples.
Second hand goods bought and
sold. See me on this line. KeIIar
Walker.
Try Red Cross Ball Blue. jn16
If you want to spend pleasant
evening go to the musicale at Mrs. w.
NJ. Mellette's tomorrow evening, June
23rd.
Bert Smith is going to Washington
state, where his uncle resides, to work
on railroad. He expects to start
tomorrow
Miss c. w. Daniels, of Springfield,
who has been guest of Mrs. Stretch,
is now in Claremore, but will return
this evening.
If your stomach is disordered, bow
els irregular and you don't sleep well,
you need Prickly Ash Bitters. 1t is
very effective in removing this condi-
tion. Sold by Chapman & Briggs.
The Worcester Business College will
give special rates during the sum
mer term. bookkeeping, shorthand,
penmanship, etc. Call and get prices
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1899-06-22

condition.
In some Of
the valleys
Of Switzer-
land goitre,
or thick
eek, af-
ficts every
inliabitant.
A party Of
America
tourists en-
tering one
of these val
leys was fol-
lowed by a
b d y of
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1899-11-21
A NOVEL PLAN
TO LIFT DEBT

CLEVELAND. o.. Sov. sf-The
Baptist congregations % the city
have adopted novel scheme far tax.
If care ~ their church expenses.
Careful calculation or the jndsbt-
sdnesa and required expenditure in
The various churches put the sum me-
esaHarY Tor Dhurch extension In the
twenty four parishes a. tfha On \
committee % one from each 81 the
churches finally decided that that
sum should b. raised from the hap
lists. and not from the Individual
churches. The fund when raised. ia
II BE- placed IN the hands - a com
mlttes. wto viii take care n the e..
pendituroa In all the congregations.
All - the various congregations
united in a mass meeting at the Eu-
clid avenue Baptist church
Rev. N. App.esurth. quoting a ser
mon he had once heard. said tn,
text VAS lie that zivrth l. the poor
j. ndeth e. the Lord"
Now. said he. ~ you are satIsh-i
18th the security. come down with
TIE cash
The security evidentiy we very
satisfactory. Tor with little effort
90. 50 20 Wha raised