davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21
THE IDAHO PEA.
correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.

correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
The Idaho pea is one Of the most
valuable native forage placts Of the
Rocky Mountains. 1t grows similar to
alfalfa, stooling out from the roots, and
sending up a dozen or more branches,
to the height of two or three feet. The
stems are filled with pods, coming on
at every leaf, each husk having from
one to three peas. One vine or bush
will bear from one hundred TO nearly
one thousand pods. The peas are
relished as food for poultry, swine,
horses and cattle. / have harvested
at the rate of fifty bushels per acre.
which with the hay for feed, makes
this the greatest cultivated crop in the
land, for feeding purposes. 1t is also
grown as a coffee substitute, and the
seed sold at fancy prices under various
names, to be used for cereal coffee.
The plant is of the leguminous order,
called gram, ccffee berry, wild peanut,
chick pea and other familiar names. It
is supposed to have originated in Asia
Minor, where in former days the peas
constituted much Of the food product
of the common people. They parched
the grain and made a stimulating bev'
erage; ground it into meal and made
bread; cooked the pods the same as
peas or other green vegetables, and
made delicious soup from the crushed
gram. Official estimates place the an
nual crop of this particular gram in
India at 8 900 900. The people use it
for feeding dairy COWS, claiming it pro,
duces more milk than any similarly
cultivated plant. The average analyses
given by different authorities, give
about 30 per cent. protein, go per cent.
carbohydrates and per cent fat.
This plant, like all legumes, thrives
best where the soil contains an abund
ance of potash and phosphoric acid.
Any good soil will produce satisfactory
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21
ONLY NINR MILLION BALRs.

In last weeks Progressive Farmer
We gave the figures Of the Department
NJ Agriculture on the cotton crop as
ZOO 600 bales. Even this estimate has
been reduced. Later press dispatches
saw that the productive area last year is
found to have been 25. 600, 600 acres
and that for the present year to be
about % 500 600 acres, with proba
bfity tnat sne final returns will show
the prezent acreage to have been be-
low rather than above the amount
stated. Toe investigation d'sclcses one
OF the smallest average yiel:s per acre
il many years and in estimating the
total crop a5 a me1tmIm OF 3 SOC. Goo
bales a substantial end most ample al
byance has been made for any teC-
dency to take a too pessimistic view OF
the situation, the Rc;u uaI indications at
the present moment pointing to crop
Of less than 9 OOO coo bales. The report
Of S5atsticIan HYDE says:
IN his capacity as cotton expert to
the United States Commission, the sta
ts.ician has had the preparation OF the
United States cotton exhibit for the
Paris exposition and his duties in that
connection have afforded him add
tional facilities for ascertaining the &C
tuaI condition of the crop in every part
Of the country. The unimpeachable
evidence that has come to him in that
capacity is in every wey confirmatory
Of the most unfavorable official &c
ports"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21
FINE YANCRY APPLES

At the State Museum, Tuesday and
Wednesday of last week, were shown
acolIection of Yancey county apples.
The fruit was secured by Mr.. L. <.
Bruner, who has just returned from
the mountaiu region, where he was col
Letting fruit for the Paris Exposition,
and it occurred to him to exhibit some
Of the varieties which will go to make
up the Paris exhibit.
The apples were from IL to 144 inches
In circumference, beautiful in color
and are said to be delicious to the taste.
The exhibits and varieties shown by
each are as follows:
Wilson Hensiey, Bald Creek-Shan-
non Pippins, Mluntain Sprout, Buff
Virginia Beauty, Spltz0ergen, Nicker.
jack, Hoover, Ben Davis, Falliwater,
Russett.
C.R McPeeters, Bald Creek Gold
Pippin.
J. 8. Ray, Burnsville-UnknoWn,
Beautiful; P-u1d Apple.
D. A Letterman, Green Mountain
Rose Limbertwig, r d Limbertwig,
LInviLle, Rad Democrat
Jacob Bailey, Green Mountain
Stone Mountain Apple, Spitzbergen,
Red republican, Winesap.
J. D. Ray, BurnsvIlIe-York Impe
nal, Sine, Water Queen, Winesap,
Virginia Beauty, Albermale Pippin,
Never'all, Buff.
w. H. Gardner, Cone River-"That
Little Bizck AOUle,' the Preacher" ="
0,0rla MundI, Virginia Beauty, Buff.
w. B Wray, Cane Rlver-VirgInla
". NJ FIack, Cane River-Falli-
VVatsr, Gloria Mundi, Buckingham,
Iork ImDerial.
Y R. McInturff, Paint Gap-spitE'
"argeu, Blf.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21
IS IT RIGHT TO WORK CONVICTs
ON FARMS7

A Farmer Protests Against the Injustice
of the System"."Put Them on the
Roads," His Sensible Suggestion.
Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
If The Progressive Farmer will allow
space, we have a question that should
be discussed among the farmers-a
question that directly concerns the
farmer and farm leborer. That q1es-
tion is, Should convicts be worked on
farms and the products of their labor
be put on the markets in competition
with the labor of every one that makes
pound of cotton or tobacco7 Is this
rights.
The convicts are raising cotton by
the thousand bales and also great guam
titles Of tobacco, and our farmers have
been raising cent cotton and 8 cent to
bacco and not complaining of anything
but the trusts, which, of course, are
bad But is not the principle Of forcing
farm labor to the level with convict
labor on the markets Of our State
Worse9
Now I ask any one who thinks such
policy right to give his excuse for so
thinking. Our good Democratic party
that is always wanting to do something
for the dear farmers has never a word
against this policy, but is negotiating
for more farms to increase the products
of convict labor. Democrats, you had
better watch; you know how hard you
cried for our votes last fall. Next, our
good Peoples party, the farmers
party, whose influence was dominant
for tour years, never raised its voice
against such injustice. And last the
Republican party, the great pauper
labor howler, tariff for protection and
the great labor loving party during
a campaigu), has never word against
competition with convicts.
Now convict labor is the lowest of
all labor, and should not compete with
any free labor. Suppose our State
should put her convlcts to manutac-
turing cotton, what would be the con
sequenceQ Our manufacturers would
send up such a howl that the party
that did it could not expect to live
through another campaign. Then is it
right to hire them to rRilroads7 No,
here they would still be in competition
with the day laborer whose rights
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21
SAVE THR PUMPKIN sRRD.

In the rush Of work in connection
with corn gathering, farmers are very
apt to overlook one of the little mat
ters on which somewhat of the success
OF the future depends, and that is saw.
ing pumpkin seed, says Wallaceh
Farmer.
Save seeds from some of the bess
pumpkins and usually those that have
a small blossom end will be found bet
ter than those with a large. The farmer,
however. can be trusted to tell the kind
of pumpkin he has found to give him.
the best service. Why do we SUCCESS
this7 Because if the farmer neglects
to save seed and when corn planting
time comes does not have the seed ON
hand, he is not likely to hunt for is
among his neighbors and, therefore, iB.
not likely to plant it, and il he doesnot
plant he will not have a supply next
year. We especially suggest this to
sheep growers. The value Of the pump
kin as a sheep feed is not understood.
There is nothing better for lambs, for
the double reason that the seeds are
nutritious themselves, large per cent.
of the nutriment OF the pumpkin being
in the seeds and inwards, and that they
are vermifuge and thus meet one Of
the wants Of the lamb. One Of the best
remedies for tapeWorms in lambs is the
extract Of the pumpkin seed boiled
down. Lambs that are fed libeFallg on
pumpkins are not nearly 30 flikely to
be affected with intestinal worms 40
thoee that are without them, and when
crop can be grown so cheaply and So
easily as pumpkins can, there is no
reason why it should not be grown. If
you do not went them in corn, then it
is easy to pIow up an old feed lot, cul.
tivate it we'll, plant it in pumpkins
about twelve feet each way and let the
vines cover the entire area. Il win
even pay to take time to cut the ends
Of the vines off at the proper season in
order that none but pumpkins that will
ripen will be produced. It the pump.
kin were new plant and one or two
seedsmen had it, whole page of the
Farmer would not be sufficient ON
which to spread out their advertisa-
ments and tell of tho value OF this new
crop, and they would not be telling any
lies, either. The pumpkin is none the
less worthy of the farmers at tentioR
baoauea IL ia common.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21

should be as sacredly guarded as any
one else by the laws of the State.
Then the question arises, Where
should the convicts be worked that
their labor will not compete with the
labor of honest men9 That place is on
the public roads; there be can have fair
play and will not compete with any
labor. II the counties do not want
these convicts, then let the State work
them on the public highways nearest
our State Capitol, and there make some
fine permanent roads and use the
females as cooks, manufacturers and
makers Of their clothing, washing, etc.
This is the way to rightly solve this
question and our farmers will not be
Drought down to a level with convicts
on the markets of our State.
Now before another campaign is
upon US, while everything is quiet, let
us study the needs Of our State and be
ready to bring issues before our con
ventions and make a campaign on
issues, and not have to resort to so
much negro.
Now if the members of the Alliance
think as I do, let us take action and
pass resolutions and publish them in
The Progressive Farmer that others
may see what we are doing. Remem
Der the cotton tie trust and our de-
mands for railroad commission and
other demands of the Alliance that are
now laws. JUSTICE.
AlamRnce Co., N. G.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21
N. c., NOVEMBER 81. 1899.

bone black at $19 a ton you would lose
enough on one ton, over the cost of the
same amount of phosphoric acid in
acid phosphate, to pay for the Prac-
tIcal Farmer for several years. Don't
touch bone black at any such figures.
When you can get acid phosphate in a
small wsy for $40 q ton, bone black is
worth about $40 80. OF course. it
might be worth a little more il you
could get it from come nearer point
than you could acid phosphate, and
thus save freight.
Buy all fertilizer constituents for the
nitrogen, potash and available phos-
phoiic acid they contain. Some deal
ers estimate the nitrogen under the
name OF ammonia, simply because in
this form their goods will show more
pounds 10 100. Ammonia is q com
pound OF nitrogen and hydrogen. One
hundred pounds OF ammonia contain
81 35 pounds of nitrogen and II IS
pounds of hydrogen. Remember when
S~ SGS - PC4 SOAus III hAU4QuId Ou b
bag that it means % pounds of am
monia IN one ton Of the goods and that
about 168 pounds of this is nitrogen. In
other words, when nitrogen is worth
Il cents sopound ammonia is worth a
little less than ID cents. But you get
nitrogen just the same under either
name. Always figure on the actual
potash, not muriate or sulphate. OF
the muriate have written. There are
several grades Of sulphate of potash
The high grade contains about 80 per
cent Of pure sulphate Of potash and 49
to 80 pounds Of actual potash. Lower
grades contain less potash. No mat
ter how many pounds you get for the
money, tits the actual potash contained
that you should pay for, and only that.
l have a sack analy sis before me where
the phosphoric acid is figured under 5
heads soluble phosphoric acid, avail
able phosphoric acid, reverted phos-
phoric acid, insoluble phoe phoric acid
and total phospboric acid. Pay no
attention to any hing but the soluble
and reverted. The two are added to
gether to make the available" And
that is correct enough, but as you have
been told befora high aulh9rity, DR..
Van Slyke, of N. Y says figure the
soluble at full price and the reverted at
half price. Pay no attention whatever
to ''insoIuble" and total" OF course
you understand that nitrogen, phos
phori3 acid and potash can be derived
from other sources than those named.
You cannot get phosphoric acid and
potash usually in any better form or
or more Cheaply, but you can buy nj.
trogen to better advantage for many
crops in other form than nitrate of
soda. I have not been advising the
purchase OF this, except where you
know what you want, but rather an
swering q New York farmers ques
tions-T. B. Terry, in Practical Farmer
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21

results, but profitable returns in the
pea family, come from a liberal dress
ing OF fertilizer, containing about 8
per cent. available phosphoric acid,
and per cent potash. II the land is
planted to this crop for two or three
yesrs and the green vines faH or sum
mer plowed under, the benefits to the
soil will more than double the expense.
One half busheI, or about 35 pounds,
will plant an acre, in hills Is inches
apart, in rows 80 inches either way.
This is the best way to plant for the
seed, and for green nanuring, broad
casting or drilling may be adapted.
Tie seed is much larger than the or
binary pea, has softer shell aud will
not stand SO much cold, or exposure to
the sun. May is a good time for plant
ing IN ordinary years, and about four
inches the best depth to cover the seed.
Cultivation is the same as any pea or
bean crop The vines may be cut with
a moving scythe or machine and after
thorough drying be threshed or failed
as the beans are treated. The vines
have peculiar odor which seems to
drive away all insects, and there is q
gummy substance collects at night,
giving the plant a most beautiful ap-
peRrance in the morning, as the dew g
apparently trickle down the branches
While it is a native of semi arid dis
tricts, and growing where there is bu'
little moisture, many experiments
have proven it's adaptability to all sec
tions Of the United States.
Seed may be obtained from dealers
at prices ranging from Is cents to So
per pound, some introducing it as 3
novelty. It always pays to buy the
best and true to name seed, regardless
of cost Although / have been very
successful il growing this wonderful
pea, l have no seed for sale, hence am
not advertising for purchasers. I like
the coffee made from this, it having a
rich nutty flavor, pretty color, and de
lighttul Rs substitute. The domestic
fowls and animals devour the peas
with great relish, and take on fat very
rapidly. The winter seed catalogue
will s;2on be ready for distribution. and
I would advise all looking for cheap
and profitable forage plant, real nov
city of value and coffee substitute for
home use, to read up the descriptions
and prices and order some OF this seed
for 4 ks years planting.
JOEL SHOEMAKER.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21
THE FARMERS SON.

We recently learned that one of our
farmer friends is Offering to sell his
tarm-sn excellent piece OF ground,
we'll watered, we'll improved, and at
tractive and desirable in many re
spects The farmer g reason for want
ing to leave the farm is that he is too
old to endure the hard work and exact
log hours which the successful man.
agement of his little farm demands
This farmer has son, a bright, active
young man, who has been his chief
nelper for several years, and for year
or more has been in charge of the de
calls OF the farm work. The youDg
man wants to leave the farm. He
has not had weeks rest in four
years." said his mother. 1.-The farm
cannot be LETT for a day."
In q town not far away you may
read sigu like this: John j. Smith
& Son, Merchants" You will travel q
mile before ou read over the gate of
prosperous farm like this: John J.
smith & S0n, Farmers" Perhaps the
merchant believes in his business and
in his SOD; possibly the farmer does
not. Either member Of the firm of
merchants can manage the business
when the other is away on business or
is absent on his annual vacation. When
the farmer takes his son into partner
ship with him, it is possible that either
of them can manage the business when
the other is absent. The time may
come when the elder member Of the
firm will want to retire from the active
work of farm management; he can do
so with honor and dignity if he has a
trained successor to continue the work.
We know OF large ranch that has
been abandoned. The buildings are
almost worthless, the fences out Of re
pair, the once fruitful fields grown up
to weeds. What was once a profitable
farm and a pleasant home is now
neither, and is probably a burden to
it's owners Yet sons of the man who
made this farm profitable are living al
most within sight of it. But they have
no enthusiasm for the farm.
It is possible that fewer farms would
pass into the hands of strangers if
farmers would keep in mind their own
inevitable passing away, and in antici-
patton OF that event would take their
SONS into partnership with them, train
ing them to bear responsibilities by
giving them chances to use their own
Judgment. You make a boy manly
and teach him to be trustworthy by
calling him a man and by trusting
him.
We all like to own something, to feel
that we are proprietors-the boy no
less than the man. We all like to be
recognized as knowing something and
as having good judgment-the boy as
we'll as the man. Give the boy a chance.
Trust him Take him into partnership,
his share to be a real share in the gross
or net proceeds OF the business. It
will pay. He will be satisfied with
less than you will have to pay the
stranger you hire to do the work; and
the boy will do the work better. But
the boy must be q real partner; ne
must share in the planning as we'll as
in the doing; and there must be pros
pect for bim-prospect Of increasing
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21
O0NTINUED FROM LAST WEEK
PROFITABLE PORK RAISING
No 8.
LAYING THE FOUNDATION.


Correspondence of the Progressive FarmoR.
The care and attention the feeding
of the pig receives Immediately after
weaving is of great Importance in de-
termining the amount Of profit or losa
likely to await the pork grower
slaughtering time.
II the pig is forced to roam over
fields or through ordinary woods lands
to obtain a scant living or mere exist
erce rations for a month or two after
he has been wesned, tie profit from
growing him during the rest OF his iH8
is OF an imaginary nature. He shoul&
never lose that plump body he had
when elk or eight weeks Of age. He
should grow in length and depth Oe
body and limb, bat he should never b0
allowed to change his form by getting
thin in flesh, Flesh (either fat Or
muscle) once lost is regained at q muoh
increased food cost.
The pig does not remain stationary
for any great time during his life ; h0
is either making new meat for hB
owner or he is consuming that which
he has already made The lois Of
flesh is not the only evil resulting from
under-feeding. The development OF
the digestive organs is checked TO such
a degree as to render them unable TO
handle large amount Of good food 10
the very beet advantage when the hog
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21
No. Al

responsibility with growing experiences
and enlaFging reward for increasing
effectiveness.
1t will be easier to keep the boy on:
the farm when he is made partner in
it's management; and it will be better
for farm, farmer and country.-D. w.
Working, in Far mers' Voice.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-21

[CoETINUED ON PAGE g.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-07-28

on the boys sang IN Ave Maria IN a
most astonishinsly crude manner. and
one by one. as they approached the
desk OF the pIymas.c-. they said.
sa!u.!ag. Three days. siEuoT. by tn.
grace OF Cod cor a. many days as
might bsl, receiving a ppr.ioa % IN.
money due-for 60 pay olr IN fall
would 5e 20 lose his services uu:i hun
ger drove him 90 work AGAIN.
Another building was occupied by
a distillery. in which aEuardisnte tfire
water or rum Is made from some por-
ton of the cane. For hundreds 81
years this business mas been carried
on IN all essential ways just a. il j.
now. and everything bears the signs
OF ase-eyen the stone hedges and wall
being largely made % the pieces -.
broken red pots. the conic1l sugar pots
OF The mill.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-07-28
w. ]. QUINN,
Re0| ES|Q|e Accent.
40 montgomery St.
San Francisco. California

The attention OF those
having capital TO invest is
called 10 the fact. that no city
in the United States or prob
ably no city in the world
offers better opportunities TO
make profitable or fortunate
investments in Real Estate
than does the city of San
Francisco at the present
time.
A great many reasons can
be given why San Francisco
realty will advance in value
from now on.
! offer my experience and
knowledge Of values TO in
tending buyers OF business
properties or residence sites.
! can submit some very de-
sirable purchases OF Real
Estate that will yield 4 fine
income and steadily advance
in value.
Information cheerfully Civ
en-. Parties coming from the
Islands who desire TO invest
are requested to call. ! will
be happy 10 correspond with
any who may wish TO obtain
information in regard to San
Francisco Real Estate.
Full charge taken of prop
erty and taxes paid for alb
sent owner.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-07-28
FOR SALE.
1863

16 1-3S ACRES COFFEE LAND AT
HONOKAA. acres in full bearing, 5
acres planted with trees from 1 to 2
years old. Over 200 Alligator Pear
trees, with other fruits, oranges and
peaches, and about 500 Banana trees.
This land is all fenced and there is
also 20x20 building, containing a cof-
fee pulping machine, etc, on property.
A bargain.
5272 Address Y. L., this office
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-07-28
Your Note Cur List Of
AND
NEW BOOKS
And we will note the ones
that you buy!!!

THE CRUISE OF THE CACHALoT.
by +. +. Bullen.
DAVID HARUM. by wescott.
WITH KITCHENER TO KHAR-
.TOUM. by Stevens.
ADVENTURES OF CAPT. KETTLE.
by c. Hyne.
THE RIVER SYNDICATE. by c. Z.
Carryl.
THE ASSOCIATE HERMITs. by +.
Stockton.
BARRACK-RooM BALLADS. by
kipling.
THE AMATEUR CRAcKsMAN. by
Hornung.
on THE EDGE OF THE EMPIRE.
by T.. Jepson.
ANGLo-SAXoN SUPERIORITY. by
l.. Demolins.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-07-28
HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA
BRANCHES AND AGENCIES:

AAA@shg W W. ~
BRANCHES AND AGENCIES:
Kobe. London. Lyons. New York.
san Francisco. Shanghai. Bonn
hay. Hong Kong. Tokyo.
INTEREST ALLOWED:
on Fixed Deposit for 2. months q y. c.
q. =.
on liked Deposit Tor i.son;iz sMpc
o. n
on Flxcd Deposit for . months > .. C.
g. n
INTEREST ALLOWED by THE
HEAD OFFICE AT YOKOHAMA
on CuFrsnt Deposit ! s-Is Een per day.
On Fixed Deposit Cog - months. s5x
Tsg cent =. a.
The Bank buys and receives for COL
l~rtiuu Bills O. Exchange. ISSUES
Draft and Letters % Credit on the
above Branchss and Agencies and
tgaassrts a general banking baxlaesa-
Agency Yokohama Specie Bank
New Republic Bldg. Honolulu. IL l.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-07-28
THE LABORERS.

In most of the mills and distilleries
small shrines are placed against the
wall in some quiet corner, and between
the shifts of night and day laborers
short song services are held. for this
is a Spanish Catholic country, and all
religious observances are encouraged
by the authorities.
AT Tamisco they sang in the boiler
room at vespers a rude service, ac-
companied by some stringed instru-
ment played by boys in the balcony
overhead.
When the hands came in TO be paid