davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02
THE INTOXICATION OF WAR.

Military conquest is very seductive in
it's excitement. its chances. it's prizes.
its glory. AS q great game of skill
and CHARGE. its great stakes, its risks
of life and death. it's victories and de-
feats. it fasclnates and allures men and
nations. But unnecessary war is a
great crime and a great horror,
IL we will but consider it. Our
soldiers in the Philippines have our
strongest sympathies; we are proud of
their daring; we glory in their deeds;
we advance with them step by step.
as they drive the enemy. Even though
they he so far off. we see them in our
minds eye: and as we read. we re-
strain ourselves with difficulty from
cheering them with our shouts.
But they aI,e'slaying and being slain,
they are wophding apd being wounded;
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02
POPULAR STUDIES IN EUROPEAN HISTORY.

through alliance with a domestic fac
tion in civil war. y permanent footing
was gained when Sulcyman. the eldest
son of Orkhan seized Ciallipoli, in 1857,
on the destruction of the walls OF that
city by an earthquake. Three years af-
ter this step Orkhan died, leaving his
power to his son Murad Cor Amurath)
the First, Suleyman having died the
year before.
EUROPEAN CoNQUEsTs.
Among u 'half-scorc of able generals,
Murad was himself the bravcst, the
most sllillful and the most Jealous for
the faith. In his reign the outlying
settlements in Europe became a con.
solidated power and the horsetail
standards penetrated as far as the Dan
ube. In 1860 Adrianoplc fell into his
hands: here the Turkish capital was
established. and here it remained until
IFS removal to Constantinople ninety
years later. Philippols and the great
or part of ancient Thrace and Macedo-
mia soon followed Adrlanoplc.and the
only districts outside of the vicinity of
Constaniinople which were now left to
the Greek empire were the lands about
EheSsalonica and the ancient Pelopon-
ncsus
But the Turks soon had other enemies
10 contend with besides the Gre alxs
'' '"V' oSuuudilcS Ol the
empire, in the fourteenth century, lay
the slavic speaking lands. Bulgaria ana
SerVia- fillcd with peoples more war
ike and more energetic than the worn
out Greeks: beyond these again were
the nations OF central and western Eu-
rope. Alarmed ut the rapid progress
oil the iniidel. "a crusade was preached
against the Turks by Popc Urban ".
and In RESPONSE to this call the Chris
tian princes of Servia, Bosnia and Bull
sarla united their forces. In 1871. with
those OF the king of Hungary Over
confidence. however. wrecked the ex-
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

Turkish power to higher pitch than
IL mad ever before reached. Raids for
slaves and booty now began to pene-
trate into Hungary itself, while to the
south Athens and Peloponnesus were
alike subjected to the Mohammedan
RUE. More important were the attacks
Which were now, for the first time
directed against Constantinople itself.
Nothins, 1t was felt. could preserve the
doomed city save the active interposi-
ton of the Latin powers of the west
and to gain this the emperor, Manuel
H., vesting all power in his nephew
and colleague, spent several years In
truitlesS embassies to Italy, Paris and
London.
THE OVERTHROW AT ANGORA.
ana came. however. not from the
west, but from the east. There in the
stepnes OF Asia new Mongol empire
mad slowly been forming under the fa-
nous Timour, or Tamcrlane, till It
stretched from Delhi to Damascus.
from the sea of Aral to the Persian
gun Tlmour was now an old man of
nearly 10 years. Hitherto he had scrup-
uiousiy refrained from agEressions
upon the Ottomans. for they. too, were
ieit to be lighting the battles of the
ialtn. But the power of the Turk had
steadily been growing eastward as we'll
as westward. and by the close of the
fourteenth century the two "scoIrres
OF Cod had come face to face in Ar
mchia ana Cauca5ia. Under such cir
cumStances penC. was difficult to main
tam Mutual grounds OF complaint were
lound and insulting embassies were cx-
the part of Timour in 400. by seIzinr
the ottoman city OF Siwas and putting
to the sword all of the Inhabitants. to-
gcther with one of the sons OF Bayezid.
who had been plsced over the city as
Its governor.
TO meet this now ennmv P,vo-;d 49,.
forced to raise the siege OF Constanti-
nople and hasten to Asia 1t was not
until 1902. however that the forces of
the two sultans met. On july. 20 OF
that year Timour, with a Vastly SUI
perior force. succeeded in entlcMg his
adversary into the plain Of Angora. the
scene or the first victory of the Otto
mans. 100 years before. and there tie
battle took place. The 10000 Janissa
RES, under the immediate command of
Baye%id, together With II force of Chris
tan Servians on the left wing. fought
ike lions as Timour admiringly said.
On the right wing. however, the Sci
Juks and Mongols from the newly con-
quered states in ASA Minor debcrtcd to
the enemy. and the battle was lost: the
troops who remained loyal to Bayezid
were cruShingly defeated and he him
SELF was taken prisoner
For eight months Bayezid lived in
captivity and -died-or charrIn n
is SAID Timour survived his prisoner
only two years. but in that time he
ovciran the whole OF the Turkish en-
pire In Asia. occupied its chief cities
and restored the various petty princes
whom Bayezid had dispossessed. or
the great empire won by the valor of
Gilman and his SUCCESSORS there re-
NAMED only scattered fragments con-
tested by rival claimants and existing
only by the sufferance of the Monrol
sultan. Tho power OF the Ottoman n
might well seem, was vanished never
10 return.
Note-Ths paper will be concluded
next week.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

those brown or yellow fellows. too, ILL
equipped as they are, are fighting
Dravely for home and country, with q
palmetto consistency and devotion that
extort our pity and our admiration.
They. as we'll as our men, have moth
ers, wives. daughters, children, fathers.
brothers and friends filled with anguish
ana fear for them all day long, and
through the sleepless nights. How
many hearts are desolated by every
victory or defeat! How many homes
are destroyed! How many widows.
orphans and others are left helpless and
friendless! How much want, misery
and grief!
THE paths of glory lead but to the
grave" '''e
Who is guiltless of his countries
piood. who sends her sons to war,
ito wade through slaughter to a
And shut the gates Of mercy ON man.
kind
ike Napoleon; or like Cortez and Piz-
arro' 10 massacre barbarians to rob
them of their lands and gold? How
much better
To scatter plenty DER a smiling land
And read their hist'ry in n, notion.s
eyes" D
In any war. except for deliverance or
seit defence. victory and defeat are
equal caAamities.-unless, indeed, de-
ieat may be blessing in disguise. and
turn aside. to better things, the forces
pent on courage and rapine.
can tyrants but by tyrants con-
Quered be,
And Freedom find no champion and no
child ''iN ~
such as Columbia saw arise when che
sprung forth Pallas, armed and nm
defiled? u''
UT must such minds be nourished in tho
Deep in the unpruned forest, midst the
roar Tie
or cataracts. where nursing nature
On infant Washington? Hath earth no
more 'A ho
ouch seeds within her heart, or Eurone
no such shore? -. ope
But France got drunk with blood %
vomit crime. ~
ana fatal have her saturnalia been.
are grown the pretext for the etern,,
thrall 'ie elernai
Which rips life's tree. and dooms mon.s
Worst-hls second fall.-Lord Rvron T.,
Childe Harold. DSioii' III
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

petition. for on the River Martha. near
Adrianople. the camp of the crueodars
was surprised at night by the Turlks
ana the crusaders. heavy with drunken
steep. were dispersed with terrible
slaughter.
KOSSOVO AND NICOPOLIS.
The advantage which was thus gain
cd by the Turks was speedily followed
up. The remainder of Thracc was
won; Bulgaria and Servia made their
submission and agreed TO become trib-
utary states. The power OF the Slavs,
however, was merely bent not broken.
In 1899 Il new force of Servians, Bcs-
mans. BulgarlanS and Wallachians was
ans Bulgarians and Wallachians was
assembled under Lazarus OF Servia,
and on June Is they met the Turkish
forces under Murad at Kossova. After
a long and obstinate contest, which left
the field of battle like n tulip bed.
with its rudy severed heads and roll
ing turbans," the victory rested with
the Turks. Murad, however. did not
live to enjoy it; at the moment of vic
tory he was struck by q blow from a
Servian dagger. and. like Lazarus him.
self. he found the martyrs death which
he had sought.
With the battle of Kossova the indie
pendence of the Slavic states OF the
Balkan peninsula comes to an end. On
the accession of Bayezid Cor BajazeO
the First. son of Murad, the humber I'll
tie of emir is laid aside for that of sui
tan. III this ruler the darker side OF
the Turkish dominion comes into view.
Bayczid was the first to csta blish it as
principle of the Ottoman succession
that a new sultan might put to death
his brothers to avoid possible rivalry
for the throne. He was the first, too.
10 abandon the almost ascetic temper
ance taught by the koran and gave
himself up to tho foul moral corrun
ton which has characterized so manv
of the later sultans. Withnl. however.
Bayezid was not without the Ottoman
ability as warrior. When a new cru
SADIE against the Turks was headed by
Sigismund, king of Hungary. and an
army OF 100000 men was in 1896 march
ed into the Turkish domlnions. boastjng
that even should the sky fail thev
could uphold it with their lances. =
Bayezid justified his name of "the
thunderbolt" by the skill and energy
with which he overthrow the enemy at
the battle of Nicopols; but the glory OF
that exploit was dimmed by the mas
sacre of 5000 Of the prisoners by which
1t was followed,
The victory OF Nicopolis raised the
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

1t was about the middle of the thir-
teenth century that the apcestors of the
ottoman Turks emerged from the wilds
OF central Asia and stepped into the
light of history. The crusadcs were
practically over and Jerusalem was lost
10 Christcndom forever; the power of
the Seljukian Turks. whose outrages
mad brought on those movements, had
oeen broken into n number of petty
sultanates; and wandering hordes OF
Mongols were striking by turns into
the heart of eastern Europe and of
western Asia.
In resisting such a MonGol horde. ac-
cordins to Turkish chronclers, the Sci
1ukian sultan of Iconium was one day
nard beset In the plains of Angora
suddenly troop Of horsemen appeared
on the crest of a neighboring ridge.
TOOK In the situation, and dashed in 10
the AID OF the weaker party with such
erect that the Mongols were put to
fight Turning to thank his chivalrous
rescuers. the sultan found that they
were Il band of Turks. kindred to the
Selluks. who had been dislodged from
their old home in Khorasan, and were
now. to the number of 400 families, with
their fiocks and herds. wandering in
search of new location.
In reward for their services the sui
tan of lconium settled the newcomers
in northwestern Asia Minor. with err
tam mountain pastures for their sum-
lner sojourn and Il neighboring plain
for their residence in winter. There
under their leader Ertoghrul. thew tend
ed their focks and warred for thcir
suzerain, and gradually they grew in
NUMBERS. In wealth and in power. In
izsS Ertoghrul died and was succeeded
ny MS more energetic son Gilman Cor
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

In view of the questions raised by
Mr.. Perry Belmont. in his controversy
with Mr. w. Jennings Bryan as to the
relative merits OF Democrats who eat
ten dollar dinners. and Democrats who
eat one dollar dinners, 1t might inter-
est the former to ascertain what has
become of the good old Jeffersonian
Democrats who could dine well on
about fifteen cents worth of bacon
and green's
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

AS private trusts are monopolzing
the purchase. manufacture and sale of
tobacco for private gain, at the expense
Of its producers, manufacturers. deal
ers and consumers, why should not
every State, or the United States, take
this monopoly into its own hands for
the common benefit of the government
and all the people. This Is already
done in all the principal nations of Eu-
rope. If not In every one.-including
Spain, France. Italy. Germany, &c.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02
EXAMINATIONS AND CERT
GATES

AT the end of the term Of seventeen
weeks, series OF questions on each
course. prepared by Professor Seymour
Eaton. will be published in the Vir-
Pilot, and blanks containing the
questions will be furnished every sub
scriber making application for same.
Two weeks will be allowed after the
courses close, for the receipt Of eXami-
nation papers containing answers.
These papers will be referred to IL
Board of Examiners. who will assist
Professor Eaton and as soon as tho
work of examination is complete the
result Will be reported. and certificates
issued TO the students entitled 10 them.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

Our Imperial policy has got us into
the night over the questions as to who
shaii be king of Samoa; and has plac-
ed us in most pronounced attitude of
opposition to the self-government of the
oamoans. Samoa has a king: but he
was elected by the people; and though
he Is satisfactory to the majority of
the Samoans, to the German represen-
tatives, he is not PERSONA GRATA
to the English; and so our shin. the
Philadelphia, Admiral Kautz, COM
handing, has Joined the British cruis.
ers In bombarding the villages along
the coast supporting the King, Mataa-
ia. This Smelling and some ensuing
lighting ashore resulted in the killing
and wounding of number of persons.
Including natives and q few English.
Germans and Americans. We have
taken to the sword. and we are likely
to have enough of it. before all's done.
even though no war result between
any two of the great powers from this
collision at Apia.
We seem to have drifted into the
rapids of a Niagara from which moth
ing can deliver us but a restoration of
the Democrats to Federal rule.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

The evidence heard so far by the
Court OF Inquiry warrants the belief
that General Miles made n serious mis-
take in failing to say worse things
about the beef Commissary General
Eagan purchased and shipped to the
army.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

The refinement of cruelty was reach
ed by the st. Louis alderman who Sc
lected the week before Easter as the
proper time to propose that women re-
move their hats when seated in public
edifces of any kind whatsoever.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

An "entangling alliance" with Ger
many and England has already en-
broiled the United States in n quarrel
over the control of the Samoan islands
that may possibly bring on a war of
great dimensions.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

II Hon. John Sherman RECEIVERS, and
it is universally hoped he may, he can
tell us in his Forthcoming recollections
how he felt when reading his own
obituary
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

In 1S6t-'65, Mr.. Seward used to limit
the war to 80 days; but it continued for
four years, or 1850 days. Conquering
peace is slow work. If the other fellows
have pluck, guns and ammunition.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

Wonder IL Hanna, Mckinley, or any
of their hackers, think of the blood
shed, the misery. the lives lost, the cost,
pain and destruction caused by the war
for imperial expansion2
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

Not content with all this and bent on
maintaining arbitrary powers of usur-
patton and tyranny. already unlawful
and unconstitutional. the Supreme
Court of Appeals arrogantly says:
your pretended acts to restrain us
are null and void. We shall do as we
please. We decline TO be regulated by
you"
The powers assumed by the Courts
State and Federal. under pretexts of
contempt. as we'll as injunction. are
enormous and despotic and in directvIo-
lation of the provisions of Amendments
5 and 6 of the Federal constitution,
which guarantee all men "due process
of law" in all cases affecting life, lib
erty, or property. and in all criminal
cases. trial by jury. the right to call
witnesses in their behalf. &C.. and the
Bill of Rights of Virginia assure every
citizen OF the State the same rights.
In the Democratic platform of 1900
government by contempt" should he
denounced side by side with govern
ment by injunction" as there are many
atrocious abuses under the pretence of
contempt" that have no connection
with injunction; and the Legislature of
Virginia should re-enact the law as to
contempt which the Court of Appeals
OF Virginia declares null and void; and
II the said court again attempt to multi
fly it. impeach every judge concerned in
the treason.
In letter to Thomas Ritchle. dated
December 25th. 1920. Thomas jefferson
wrote as follows:
"I'he judiciary of the United States
Is the subtle corps of sappers and min
ers, constantly working under ground
to undermine the foundations of con-
federate fabric. They are constituting
our constitution from a coordination of
4 general and special government. to
a general and supreme one above"
The decision of the Court of Appeals
of Virginia is truly in line with the
progress OF Imperialism.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02
V.--THE OTTOMAN TURKS

BY SAMUEL B. HARDING, FH.D.
Professor of History. University of In
diana.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

petition. for on the River Martha moor
Adrianople. the camp of the crusader,
was surprised at night by the Turks
ana the crusaders. heavy with drunken
steep. were dispersed with terrible
slaughter.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02

the constitutional powers OF our State
courts. we might say. as in other cases.
that this is a mere mistake, not an
usurpation; but as 1t is, it is n fragrant
attempt to set up within this State a
separate and independent power, su-
perior to the State. its government and
the people
The constitution creates the courts;
but 1t says, article vi, section i:
THE jurisdiction of these tribunals,
and the judges thereof. EXCEPT so
FAR AS THE SAME IS CONFERRED
BY THIS CONSTITUTION, SHALL
BE REGULATED BY LAW" Certain
ly, then, no court in this State can have
any power not conferred by the constl-
tuition or by law. No law nor constitu-
tional provision confers any such pow
ers as the court arrogates in this case;
and to claim inherent powers Is only
device to set up imperial or divine"
rights, which are repudiated by all free
governments. To claim such powers I'M
der the common law is ridiculous, as It
has no force whatever in Virginia, ex-
cept that granted 1t by the Code OF Vir-
ginia, 1887, chapter 2. sections and 3, In
which 1t is distinctly provided that it
shall have force 80 far as 1t is not re-
pugnant to the principles of the bill of
rights and constitution Of this State,
EXCEPT IN THOSE RE-
SPECTS WHEREIN 1T IS. OR SHALL
BE, ALTERED BY THE GENERAL
ASSEMBLY"
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-02
BED Bugs and DIOtl Flies

March is going rapidly. and those who
have not looked after their beds should
do so at once. Our
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1899-02-03

The ladies of the Relief Corps will give
evening, February 10th. Just before un-
masking there will be a phantom waltz
by moonlight.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1899-02-03
A Great Future.

The many friends of Miss Lena Ra-
fetto will be pleased to hear of her de
parture for New York City to complete
her studies at the Lincoln Wheatcroft
school.
For one 50 young her very pronounced
talent for elocution is surprising. Thus
faI she has received but one years in
struction under Miss Daisy kimball, for
some years teacher at Mills College.
Miss RafettO will accompany Miss
Kimball and her parents to New York
and, with her youth, talent and charm
ing disposition, not only Will her family
and friends nave reason for the Creates
pride, but we predict that ere long Ne
vada will feel the honor of claiming hel
as her own.
Miss RatettO will remain in the Eas
two years and with tie same develop
ment as during the preceding year, vii
astonish even those who recognize he
talent now.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1899-02-03

party pledges off his honor. He did
relieve himself of his honor and left
hlu self without a party.
The News frther says that if it
were not for Mr.. Gillespie A, c,
Cleveland would be Senator. From
the tone of the News before the bal
lot it was not Mr., Cleveland but New
land that was to be elected-More
wild and varied guessing.
Mr.. Clevland's candidacy was
never a serious factor in the Senator.
ial ace and the News knows this fact
unless it is guessing.
Our contemporary has been a deao
copper on guessing from a prize flgh'
to a Senatorial contest, and its proph
cts have been as stale as the Repub
lican e1nbalmed beef of the late wa
with Spain.
The News should drop is guessing
column and get its tips from the PEG
pie of Nevada and not Mark Ham;
and Wall Sire.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1899-02-03
BAD GUESSING

The News is rapidly gaining d re-
putation for its poor guessing qualit-
les. During the last campaign it
made 1 number of wild statements
which it is having a hard contortion
trying to straighten out.
Last evening it tried hard to ex-
plain Why it supported Newlands
during the Senatorial campaign. 1t
is rather a hard matter as Newlands
posed IS a Silver man and the News
has been toI all purposes a Hanna
organ. 1t says that the support
given Newlands was because he
was d strong man If he was a
mar Of strength 1t became apparent
only to the News man. His onl,
public exhibition of strength wa.
shown IN his great endeavor to lif
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1899-02-03
WORSE THAN BENEDICT
ARNOLD

Ever since the wal Of the Revolu-
ton he name Of Benedict Arnold has
been held in de~testation and his hated
memory execrated throughout the
world. The recent revelation and ex-
posures relative to the sale Of EN-.
balm.d canned beef to the soldiers
of the wal with Spain show that there
are in the United States of America
men along side of which the traitor
of til. Revolution would not care to
stand in public.
The New York Journal has sue
ceeded n laying bare the secret dis
patches of the canned meat trust and
this nterprising newspaper has dem
onstr ted that Armour & Co. is the
power that has been standing behind
the Court-nartial of that miserable
wretch Eagan to shield itself from an
exposure hat would prove cor Clus-
lively hat this firm, in combination
with others equally rascally, con
spired to sell poisonous beef to the
army and navy Of the United States
when engaged in a war with a foreign
foe. This canned beef was put up
years ago to ship to Europe and when
the war broke out the old musty labels
were removed and new ones OF the
date Of 1898 put on and the mass Of
wretc1ed stuff SEN to feed the sol.
diers who yer in ttopic chimes fight
ing the battles of a country whose
laws made it possible for these bis
meat combines to flourish and thei,
heads keep out Of the r~eniteutiary
The soldier who sleeps at his pos
at nie bit OF deserts in the lace OF til,
enemy is hanged or s.,ot for hi
neglect of duty, but the big, fat mil
lionaites who deliberately sell pois
oned lood 20 the defenders of the fay
make millions out of the deal and ca
depend on a scound1elly Secretary c
War ID assist in defending their las
cality.
There should be a law passed b
Congress making a death penalty
any man selling the Cover nent in
pure food IN time Of war whether h
sells a hundred pounds OF a hundre
tors and all Of his property real an
personal should escheat to the GOV
ernmelt he attempts to &windle, an
the jury III a case Of embalmed be-
should be drawn from the soldler
who get the beef in their rations,
If the people Of this country hs
not grown callous by years Of fami
iarity with such things, men Ill
Armour and his breed would be strur
up t. the lamp posts i'll the b
cities,