Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1899-10-27

cable it is probable commercial rivalry
| involving territory. would still have
! brought on conflict in America. The
reasons for English victory are to be
| found in the differing conditions OF the
! two colonial enterprises both as to
/ people and as to government and in
the overwhelming numerical superior
/ ity of the English. the latter number
ing some 100000 whites along the At
! iantic seaboard. to some $4,000 French
in Canada and louisiana
It is unnecessary, if it We're possible,
| to rehearse the story of English colo
nization in America to show the spirit
and material of the newly forming en-
pire The French colonization has an
equally interesting story and in many
aspects far more romantic. The tolls
, and sufferings of Cartier and Cham
plaine, of Marquette and La Sale
thrill Us in the glowing pages of Park
man. But while we reverence the de-
votion of the Jesuit and admire the in
trepidity Of the explorer we are amaz-
ed at the incompetence OF the rank and
file of the colonists and at the mistakes
of their government. Two totally diff
ferent spirits animated the French and
the English settlers. The latter were
sturdily independent and industrious,
and while they were always in earnest
about a living and a little more than
living if possible. there We're some
things more precious to them than ease
and comfort. They had religious and
political ideals. Moreover. the Eng
lish colonists were in many respects
the pick Of their native land. The
French co1onists had no initiative.
They either were compelled or hired by
i ont IN to
here they were disposed to rely on d pa
ternal administration to direct them in
all things and to extricate them from
all difficulties. Ii is not thus that an
empire is founded on permanent
basis. But the relatively few energetic
men among the French. and especially
their leaders. We're eager for territory
and for trade Inevitably they came in
to conflict with the no less ambitious,
though piodding English
A view of the possessions of the Eng
lish, French and Spanish in North
America up to the seven years war
Will be helpful. From Maine to Geor-
gia inclusive and from the ocean TO
the watersheds of the ST. Lawrence
and the Mississippi was English; the
valleys of these two rivers were French
by right of exploration and partial set
as California was Spanish.
The inevitable conflict came on, and
step by step the French were forced
back and off the ground. The wars
We're at first largely carried on by tie
coIonists themselves. The years 1889
1897 were marked by the Indian raids
under French suggestion upon New
York and New England. Port Royal
was captured by the colonists, but the
treaty of Ryswick gave it back TO
France. The war of the Spanish sue
cession (1702-1713) led to a series OF
bloody skirmishes on American soil
New Englanders captured Port Royal,
but failed to take Quebec. The treaty
of Utrecht gave to England Hudson's
bay and strait. Newfoundland and
Acadia, henceforth called Nova Scotia.
The war,of the Austrian succession re-
suited in the capture by the New Eng
landers of I4ouisburg. which the peace
of 174S gave back to France But
though they lost the prize, they had
learned their own strength. Swords
had been crossed with colonial France
and colonial England had Won.
Last of all came the seven years, or
French and Indian, war, from 1855 to
1853. We remember Braddocks defeat
near Fort Duquesne. But the tide
turned after some bitter lessons hao
been learned. Fort Duquesne became |
Pittsburg. in honor of the great states |
man. Pitt. and the Ohio valley was |
open to the English. The fall of Fort
Mia CARA gave them control Of the pas
sage to the great lakes. Louisburg fell /
and on the Heights of Abraham the /
fate of Quebec and of Canada was |
sealed in the blood of Wolfe and coun- /
tersigned in that of Montcalm-- The
battle of Quebec was a turning point