The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1899-03-04

| tho transfer of sovereignty and deter
mines the character of future admin
| istration. Laws for the new colony
are enacted by order Of privy coun-
| ell. and are still 90 enacted for twenty
one out of forty colonies.
| "These plcnarv powers furnish the
| English executive with all the author
! ity needed in order to begin the work
| of governing the colonies. The con.
| tinuous work uf administration, es-
| sentially the same both for the colo
| nics and for India. Is carried on by
| cabinet minister for each, who comes
| To the colonial office and Indian house
| with only the training of English politi-
| cal life, but who finds in each a body
| of trained subordnates selected by
| competitive examination and represent
ing the highest scholastic and admin
fStrative training. The cabinet min
lister settles questions of policy. The
| execution rests with the trained staff.
| II is this perpetual combination Of
the new man at the head, fresh from
general official life, the expert trained
STAFF to execute, and the utmost self
| government possible i'm the colonies,
which renders possible the amazing
economy of administration already in
dicatcd.
This administrative control by 20]
| clerks, regulating 100000 square
miles and 3li.000,000 of population is
| only possible because of the autonomic
| organization of the colonies and Of
| India. Each colony has i'm its colo
NAL governor chief executive appoint
ed from England. In eleven parlia-
mentary colonies, Canada, Newfound-
land, seven in Australasia. Natal and
| Cape Town, he finds complete local
self government He reigrs, but does
not govern. In nine he finds a local
legislative council, partly elected and
partly chosen. and here he partly reigns
and partly governs. In twenty he ap-
points q council which legislates. and
here he reigns and governs. In all,
he is the link between the colonial CT
fee and the local colonial administra-
tion. The colonies with Parliamonts
are all in the north or south temper
ate zone. The colonies partly self
governing are seven island colonies in
subtropical regions from Bermuda to
Jamaica. The colonies enjoying no
stations or tropical islands and lands.
q
"lndia is statutory monarchy. ere
ated by the enactments of legislature
outside of its limits. the imperial par
lament. These statutes confer sover-
eign eXecutiv" powers on the governor.
legislative powers on the governor
general in council, acting as head of
the council of five, and judiciary pow
erS in a system of courts. The chief
executive power is held by the COVER
nor general. the lieutenant governor OF
the presdencies, who comes from Eng
lish public life with no special train
ing. The work of carrying the gov
ernment is discharged by about twelve
hundred and fifty EnClishmen holding
all the higher executive and judiciary
positions in a service, to which natives
are legally admissible, but from which,
owing to the examinations being held
in England, they are practically eX-
| Cluded. The remaining work of gov
ernment is carried on by a service for
which the examinations are held in
India, and To which natives are freely
| admitted. The English civil force is
! numerically a minute portion, not over
one or two per cent of the whole. The
parliamentary colony enjoys an Eng
lish parliament, possessing the familiar
| common law powers Of such a body,
! limited at certain points by an act
creating 1t. The crown colony is ruled
by the English executive in India: Il
statutory sovereignty has been created
| by law, sovereign in character, derived
in origin, but delegate and not ar
agent; 1t has appealing powers o
legislation as judge and of the same
nature as those of parliament itself.
| o
THE judicial coordination of tht
| British empire is secured by civil and
criminal appeal from eighty Indicator.
les To the judiciary committee of the
privY council. No other appellate iur-
isdiCtion compares with this eXpcc
that of our own federal supreme court
Each has two sources of jurisdiction
statutory and constitutional. In privy
council the first is regulated by loca
law and the second by the cCnstitu.
tiOnal right of every British suhiec'
to appeal from the final judgment o
any English jurisdiction outside of tht
United Kingdom To the king in Coun.
cil." After reviewing the difference.
between the exercise of appellate pow
ers by the federal supreme court tho
, judiciary committee of privy council
Mr.. Williams said Of the latter: "Thi.
appellate jurisdiction maintains tn
even balance of civ procedure an,
criminal justice over a fifth of tn,
territory allotted to man on this planet
When in this survey of the relations %
: the British empire we draw near th'
ultimate cause for it's puissance.
does not rest in its navy, in its army
. in the skill Of its executive or in III,
the wisdom of its parliament, neithe
in its far-fung battle line, nor it
| thunGers on the deep. In the end i
rests in q quiet room, where four o.
= five men learned in the law sit behnc
a table and men in the calling on whicl
you enter plead before them, maintain
ing that great stream of preceden
= which safely and surely yields justic,
) for all men under the twin flags o
| | our common race"