The times., 1899-10-24
OBSERVATIONS IN BRAZIL
Facts About the Country From the
American Consul General.
In "a Report 10 the State Department
Mr. Senger Gives His Impressions
After n Trip Through IL Little
known Part Of the RepubIic-Need
of Capital and Modern Enterprises.

journey through Southern Brazil not only
along the coast but to all inland towns
and colonies Of interest accessible by boats
horseback, or other means of conveyance.
His observations in part of South Amer
lea, about which, he says. little is known,
are given in the following report to the
State Department:
Il have just ended a journey through
Southern Brazil, and submit the result of
my Investigations. There is probably no
land in the civilized world more interest
ing and less known than Brazil. Beside
the facts that it is the country where nuts
and Rio coffee come from, and that yellow
fever RACES there, very little is known
among the masses abroad about the great
South American Republic, which contains
an area equal to that of the United States.
characteristics of BrazIIians.
In speaking of the character of Brazil
and the Braziiians it is impossible to gen.
eralize. The inhabitants of Brazil differ
radically according TO the latitudes in
which they live and the race mixtures OF
which they are the product The Portu-
covery of the country, and, later, the Span
iards intermarried with the native women.
and the product Of this Latin Indian union
is the 'cabocle, so numerous in and SO
characteristic of the middle States of Bra
zil and of the great 'hinterland' of the
Southern States-Matto Crosse, Goyaz-
and the Republics of Uruguay and Para
quay. The introduction of negroes from
Africa may have momentarily benefited the
Portuguese pioneers in the northern States
but has certainly not added to the ethical!
improvement of the Latin races struggling
for existence on Brazilian soil and their
csbocIe offspring.
The Dutch who came with their war
ships and controlled the north OF Brazil
fer short time during the pioneer perio
have left no traces, except some build ngs
and harbor improvements; and on4y once
in great while you meet in the Io-th a
robust tall, and somewhat stoical native
with blue eyes and blond hair strangely
in contrast with his surroundings de-
scendant OF the Dutch invaders. Ttey did
not intermarry with the Latin pioneers or
the cabocle negroides surrounding them.
The black is now the dominant element in
the northern States. The former slaves
have numerically overwhelmed the race o
their masters and have stamped that vast
territory with the imprint of their individ-
uaiity The whites constitute only from
- to 20 per cent OF the population in the
north of Brazil. Climatic conditions are
such that the Teutonic and Celtic races
cannot prosper in the north Of Brazil. 1t
is not white mans country.
Climatic Conditions Ideal.
Conditions are very different in the
States of southern Brazil. There is life,
vigor and aggressive energy. While in
the northern States, especially along the
coast, the atmosphere is mostly moist 10 4,
enervating, and often disease breeding. the
three southern States-PaTaQa, Santa
Catharina, ard Rio Grande do Sul-with
the exception OF few coast towns, a.e
blessed with an almost ideal climate, and
are absolutely free from epidemics.
Although constituting one-ffth of the
population of the southern States 100000
cut of SEQ 000) and having financial and
commercial Importance far beyond Their
numerical strength, the German BTazilians
do not take any part in national Ioitics.
or, in fact, in anything emanating from the
surrounding native element They thus
create for themselves a condition OF isola-
tion which has often given rise to the sus-
picion that they were endeavoring to es-
tabIish a political commonwealth for
themselves. Nothing could be more erTo-
neous than this suppositon.
What is known as the German Brazil
ian element consists of immigrants from
Germany; their very numerous descend
ants in the second, third, and fourth gem
Grafton; German Poles, Austrians, Aus
yrian Poles, Russian Germans, Swiss, Bel
gian Flemings, Swedes, Norwegians, and
Dutch AS a rule, they are absolutely
%,afr ICf in al
the more experienced and better informed
among them are of the opinion that If the
immigrants from Germany, who We're in
duced by very considerable subsidies 10 60
TO southern Brazil, had settled in the
United States, their possibilities would
have been far greater; that they could have
lived in more congenial surroundings
among kindred people and enjoyed rights
and privileges which are denied them here.
Humpercd by Arbitrary Laws.
THE German Br4zilians were hampered
a good deal by what is known as the Won
der Heydt law, promulgated in Prussia on
the Cd Of November. 1883, prohibiting Rus
sian emigration to Brazil which law was
finally repealed, after a long and energetic
agitation, in the year 1886. But even now
they have great difficulty in increasing
their ranks from the Old country inasmuch
as, for economic and military reasons, the
German Government does not favor Cmi-
grafton, and there are at present very few
Germans desirous Of emigrating
"Of the 300. 600 Germans in southern Bra
iii, not geo are citizens Of the German
Empire. There are only 40 in the great
German colony of Blumenau and about 30
in the much talked-of Hanseatic colony Of
Joinviile Santa Catharina). They are
nearly all Brazilian citizens, very fond OF
their adopted country, and would resent
any interference from outsiders in their
own affairs. The great difficulty of mas
teFng the Portuguese tongue, in sound and
construction so utterly different from their
own, and OF assimilating with people OF
the Latin race. with whom they have so
little in common is the cause of their iso-
lation so often commented upon.
Southern Brazil is wonderfully endowed
by nature 1t has a favorable geographical
position, fine climate. a rich sell gigan-
tic rivers, mountains. and meadows, a sea
front Of $50 miles on the east. with numer-
Gus natural harbCTs, and, last but not
least great forests which, with their end
less varieties of valuable hard woods, their
palms, roots. and herbs, furnish the colo
nists with most everything needed for food
and shelter
Capital HndIy Needed.
What southern Brazil needs is capital,
transportation, and more men Of skill and
enterprise to develop its vast resources.
Only one-tenth Of this great country CT
332 500 miles square is under the influence
Of civilizations there is nowhere more
lucrative field for legitimate enterprise.
The development and advancement CT
the southern States Of Brazil VIII be the
stepping stone to an enterprise yet greater
and more important which cannot fail
to materially influence the character and