The Globe-republican., 1899-01-05
Milk the Consumer oats

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The following is from IN address by
Prof. Clinton D. Smith. Of the Nieht-
pan Experiment Station:
Let rs ask ourselves. In the first
place. what the milk consumer wants.
The first test the city lady applies to
the milk is to raise the cream and see
how rich 1t is. Where milk Is bought
primarily to raise cream for coffee,
this Is an important matter. In sup
plying this want we must remember
that We must select cows that give
rich milk. for part of our herd at least,
to bring up the quality. Experiments
that We have tried at the College have
shown US conclusively that We can
obtain rich milk In no way other than
keeping cows that give rich milk. In
the first place, we have noticed that
the quality of the milk Of a given COW
does not change In successive periods
Of lactation. have always supposed
that as a COW grew older she gave
richer milk, but our experiments do
not warrant this conclusion. Again,
the richness of milk does not vary ma
terially in successive months of the
same period of lactation. Usually a
cow gives as rich milk the first month
rs she does the fifth or sixth after the
birth of her calf. 1t is true that in the
third or fourth month the quality of
her milk drops, but the decline is not
important. Still again, the quality Of
the milk does not vary with the differ
ent seasons. It is perhaps true that
the cows on the whole give as poor
milk In June as in any other month,
but We have been unable to find any
great variation in the richness Of milk
from month to month. 1t is evident,
therefore. that our only way of con-
trolling the quality of the milk that
we furnish our customers is to select
Tor our herd the cows that produce
milk of the richness desired.
The next thing that our lady con-
sumer notes in the milk we furnish is
its freedom from dirt. She does not
like to find in the bottom of the bowl,
as she empties out her mornings pur-
chase, tablespoonful of black sedi-
ment. know it is the custom of the
milkmen to call that stuff metal rub
bed from the tin can, but it is in truth
filth that ought to be in the barnyard.
I have sold milk in an eastern town for
q good many months, and know where
of I speak when I say that this filth
In milk can be almost If not entirely
prevented.
To furnish milk free from dirt the
cows must be kept entirely clean as to
their sides and udders. Years ago, be-
fore the invention of the modern styles
of cow stalls, this was practically inn
possible, but in modern times it is not.
Filthy milk is unhealthy; it ought
to be unstable. 1t comes from diaries
where the sides and udders of the
cows are filthy. Keep them clean and
the milk may be expected to be SO.
To procure pure milk it is essential
that the stables be cleaned out regu-
larry and thoroughly, leaving no ex-
crement on the floor to rot and spoil
the air. 1t is also essential that some
thing like plaster be used after the
stables are cleaned, to dry the floor and
check the rise of obnoxious odors. The
floors should be level, and indeed
must be so smooth as to hold no little
puddles of disgusting liquids. AS to
the material of which the floor should
be made, have no final advice to give.
I believe that cement properly laid and
not troweled smooth will be found ex-
cellent.
So much for the floor on which the
COW lies. 1t is Of equal Importance that
the walls and ceilings be not covered
with cobwebs nor coated with dust.
It is not necessary to have an ex-
pensive COW stable to have a good one.
The ceiling need not be planed even.
but annually 1t should be washed down
with a disinfectant solution, say one
part of mercuric chloride to thousand
of water. and Immediately white
washed.