davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03
Low Heads for Annie Trees.

believe l am the first orchardist to
grow lowheaded apple trees in nur-
sery rows, and, in fact, so far as i
know, the only one to grow them in
that way for sale. Trees with low
heads have many advantages over tall
trees with long trunks. 1 commenced
the experiment over forty years ago
and have grown trees which measure
sixty feet in diameter of growth and
but eighteen feet in height.
A large portion of the fruit can be
gathered while standing on the ground
and ON steps, and the balance by using
a short ladder. This makes the gath
ering OF the fruit much more conven-
lent and economical.
know Of trees so high that it re-
quires the strength OF two men to
raise ladder long enough to reach
the top. 1t costs more to harvest the
fruit from such trees than it is worth.
Again, apples which fall from such
trees are spoiled, while these that
drop from a low-headed tree are sell
dom injured
Other advantages in this method are
that the trees are not so liable to in
jury from wind storms; the roots are
better seated aud there is no trunk to
be injured by the hot sun in summer.
There are so many arguments in favor
OF the low-hea method of training,
that am surprised that so few people
adopt it.
Some think that the branches are
more liable to sag down to the ground,
but such is not the case. Trees that
are trained high and have long trunk
will throw out their branches more
horizontally than If they had started
near the ground. The reason for
this is, that the branches which start
ont near the ground are affected by
the sun only on the upper side. The
fastest, and causes the branches to
grow more upright. Hence. they are
not as liable to get down to the ground
or to break down as when trimmed
higher. If they ever need to be
propped mp they are down where 1t
can be easily done.
If any one is skeptical in regard to
the reason given why branches of the
low-head are more likely to grow up
right, he can be convinced by saving
OFF such branch, and by seeing how
much nearer the heart is to the upper
side. He will find the growth twice
as thick on the rrtler side as on the
upper sile. Hence the more upright
the growth besides the advantages
enumerated above) the larger and
finer the fruit such trees will produce.
To start low-headel tree the first
years growth. graft or bud must be
cut back to four or five buds. These
buds will make the top of the tree-a
tree without trunk. IN. B. White in
American Cultivator.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03


After the first laying is completed,
confne the turkey hen in clean
place with plenty of food and fresh
water. In short time she will for
get her inclination to sit and be ready
for another laying. Some successful
breeders have their turkeys lay three
times during the summer and allow
them to rear the last brood. For n
common hen, nine eggs are sufficient
for a sitting. Throw handful Of
lime or sulphur in the bottom of the
nest. This will drive away mites and
the gray louse. As rule turkey eggs
hatch well. The first dose that my
little turkeys receive is o pill in the
shape of one whole black pepper.
Each little mouth is forced open and
the pepper pressed down.
The first food for young turkeys is
Dutch or cottage cheese and their first
drink the whey which is strained from
the curd. Many people think the
making Of this cheese is quite task,
but it is in reality very simple. Let
the curd strain through colaudor
and feed little at time at intervals
of not more than one and one-half
hours. This should be their sole
food for two or three days. After this
the diet may be changed to stale bread,
soaked in whey or buttermilk. Boiled
eggs are also valuable. The cheese,
however, should be the principal
food until the fowls are month old.
An addition of a little pepper and oil
cake meal is desirable. Corn meal in
any form is almost snre death.
The hen should be confined in a
clean coop with the stats far enough
apart to allow the turkeys to pass
freely in and out. Move the COOP
overy day and keep Everything dry, as
moisture is fatal. /,ker the grass is
the hens out foI he ]. "V i"A or 'wo each
day and allow \ 3. .Msto pn, but
they must not AN coMnee lib
erty until two. weeks old.
% of voupo Z Adre in a measure
to to iDsr the r. ley with Which feathers "a, are
grown.aA young chic Ken retains its
down for several weeks>9n il ITS body
IS well grown. but a yonngffdkey jbe
gins at once to put out large feathers
on its wings and tail. This enormou,
feather growth saps the vitality OF the
body and leaves it an easy prey t.
weakness and disease. To overcom,
this tendency should he the aim o
every breeder. Il. V. Hopkins in Ph'
Agricultuiist.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03

In arecent publication of the Mass
achusetts Prison association, a strong
plea is made for the proposed legisla-
tion looking forward to complete state
control of penal institutions; that is,
of the placing of the county prisons
as well as a number of reformatory in
stitutions under the control OF n state
board. One of the main reasons urged
for this change is that it will secure n
classification of all the prisoners of
the state.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03
TRAVEL BY STAGE COACH.
How the New E,gianders Went on Their
Jomrneys MANY YeRrs Ago.


In q lecture in the free municipal
course the Hon. George G.. Crocker,
chairman of the railroad commission,
told many interesting facts regarding
the early means of transportation in
Boston. During the first third of the
present century stage lines increased
greatly in number and gave more
frequent service. The stage coaches
for long distances generally accom-
modated nine passengers inside and
four or five on the roof, one sitting
with the driver. The back part of the
roof was reserved for the baggage.
The stages for distant points left early
AS early as n. M, and sometimes
2 n. IN. 1t took Mr.. Quincy and
Judge Story four days to get to New
York, and Mr.. Quincy congratulated
himself in letter ON living in the
days of quick travel. 1t took them
eight days to go from Boston to
Washington.
In 1882 there were ninety-three
lines of coaches running out of Bos-
ton, some of them making trips twice
or three times week. The average
number of coaches leaving Boston
each day for points more than six
miles distant was sixty Three. An ex.
animation of Badger & Porter's stage
register showed that in the first third
of this century stages on the main
routes travelled at the rate, including
stops, of four or five miles an hour.
In 1882 the schedule time trip to New
York was forty-one hours, travelling
night aud day, or trifle over five
miles an hour.
As the number of stage lines in
creased fares decreased, and in 1882
the fare to New York was S11, or 8
cents per mile. But stage coaches did
not carry freight, which could only be
carried profitably by canal. As the
great water routes did not connect
with Boston, canal was built al
Lowell to a junction with the Mystic
river, near Boston, and opened 70,
traffic in 1903. 1t was used for fifty
years, and was fifty-seven miles long,
After the opening of the Erie cana
this state considered the scheme tc
connect Boston with the Hudson river,
through the Hoosick tunnel, at al
estimated cost of SO, 006, 900. In op
position came the scheme for horse
railroad, and this was much encour
aged by the successful construction o
such road by Mr.. Bryan from Quinc.
to the Neponset river, for the purpose
of carrying granite with which to buil'
the Bunker Hill monument. Thi
was the first railroad in America, ant
might be called the germ Of American
railroad and steam railway. Severa
horse railroads followed, including
one between Boston and Providence
Boston Herald.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03

Professor Grindley of the Universi-
ty of Illinois has written Senator Gull
lom expressing his great interest in
the establishment of bureau of do
mestic science to foster the investiga-
tion of foods, particularly with refer
ence to their preparation for use in
the household. He says that univer-
sity has for some years given attention
to this line of investigation, and re.
Gently, in connection with the depart
ment of agriculture, has been making
a series of studies Of the composition
nutritive value, digestibility and cost
Of the food supplies of the people OF
Illinois. 1--WE are now studying the
best methods for the preparation of
meats for the table," he writes, "de-
termining also the losses involved and
the changes produced in the different
methods of cooking. The informa-
tion that is being obtained as result
of these Investigations will be of much
practical value to the people of the
state. The citizens of Illinois have
become much interested in our inves
LEGATIONS and are constantly asking TO,
more definite information upon this
and allied subjects. 1t is highly de
sirable that these and similar investi
gations he continued and their scop'
extended, as they may be in cas-
proper provision be made for the pur
voss.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03
>NAlNT AND CURIOUS.

= Tue skin of an elephant usually
take. about five years to tan.
, In Germany clock has been made
that is warranted to go for 5000 years.
1t has been observed in the hospitals
that nails on amputated fingers con-
tinue to grow.
Until the reign of Henry VIII, Eng
lish sovereigns, as we'll rs their sub
jects. ate with their fingers.
In the middle of game of tennis
In Central India the other day tiger
bounded iuto the midst of the players.
A Frenchman has invented a duplex
piano, at which two people can play
on different keyboards at the same
time.
The fastest flowing river in the
world is the Sutlej, in British India,
with descent of II, 900 feet in 1S0
miles.
1t is estimated that fully two.thirds
of the whole amount of public money
held by tue London banks does not
bear interest.
A custom peculiar to Buddhists ia
that OF wandering about the country
with hammer aud chisel and carving
holy symbols upon rocks by the way
de.
The Swedish bride fills her pockets
with bread, which she dispensea 10
every one she meets on her way to the
church, every piece she disposes oi
ayerting. as she believes, misfortune.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03

The farmer who would keep up and
ever be increasing the fertility of his
land cannot well SOW too much clover
seed. As the seed is generally rather
expensive article it becomes an i'm
portant, and in some seasons, some
what difficult problem. In general,
early sowing is best, especially If the
ground is heaved or honeycombed
with frost. as the seed will be well
covered and thus protected from the
late spring frosts. II sown late the
ground should be narrowed, even If it
is in wheat, with light slope-toothed
or common spike-toothed harrow, as
both the wheat and the clover seed
will be greatly benefited by the oper-
alton. Sow plenty of seed-ten pounds
to the acre is not too much, and II you
do not harrow, it will pay to sow at
different times, some early and some
later, cross sowing it.
Where clover sown last spring is
much lifted, or 'spewed," as q great
deal of it is this spring, the best treat
ment is to reseed the ground heavily
with mixture of red clover and Grim
son clover seed, and SOW upon it some
good brand of commercial fertilizer at
the rate of 200 pounds to the acre.
This will secure good stand and
cause the crimson clover to mature
and be ready to cut along with the
red clover not frozen ont. 1t will
also bring forward the young red
clover and give it sufficient vigor and
growth to carry it through the next
winter and secure heavy crop the
next year. Wherever there is field
with spots of poor soil on the surface,
special pains should be taken to so ell
rich them before seeding to clover a'
to secure good stand and a heavy
growth. New England Homestead.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03
Poultry Notes.

Sweet milk is good for chicks of any
age.
Guard against rats among your
young chicks.
4 Weak, or deformed chicks should be
killed at once.
Adult ducks do better if allowed .
pond to swim in.
Remove and burn all nests as soon
as brood is hatched.
Geese aud ducks should never be
kept in the poultry house.
Chicks do not require any food for
the first twen.y-four hours.
Do not put kerosene on the roosts
during the Matching season.
Nice, clean wheat straw makes the
be, nests Tor layers or settlers.
Do not grease the hen when chicks
are first Matched at this season.
When chicks are Matched be sure To-
kesp them in warm, dry coop.
Ducks can be raised where there is
only sufficient water for drinking.
Keep the coops and yards clean and
avoid gapes which are sure to follow
filth.
Nests should be renewed every few
weeks. as the hens seem to appreciate
q eau. new nest.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03

Scotland is about to receive its first
lot of American steel rails, cargo of
500 tons having just been shipped
from Sparrow's Point, Nd, to Glas-
gov. This installment is part of an
order for 35, 900 tons for the Caledo-
nian railway, and it marks the farthest
advance of American steel products
into England's home market. The
expansion Of this branch OF American
industry is strikingly illustrated by
the fact that at the wharves of this
one establishment in Maryland vessels
are loading with steel rails for Scot
land on the East and Australia on
the West.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03

Spain's decision to prosecute Ad-
miral Cervera and the former captain
tain Of the Cristobal Colon for the loss
OF the feet off Santiago savors of the
ethics of the Middle Ages. On the
other hand, an act one hundred and
fifty years ago, of Maria Theresa, q
collateral ancestor of the Queen Re-
gent Of Spain, embodies the generous
spirit of the nineteenth century.
When Marshal Daun lost a decisive
battle. after contesting it, his queen
went out from her capital to meet him
on his return, and by the warmest ex-
pressions OF kindness and confidence
raised his crushed spirits. In this she
won commendable victory.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03

The London Telegraph has produced
a Sunday edition. 1t is the first of
the large London papers to do so, and
has been followed by the Mail. Can
this be the result of the recent closer
communion between England and
America. We have been told that
savages when brought into contact
with civilization rapidly acquire its
vices; but testimony to the reverse
tendency is imperfect. Certainly the
rule is that the older civilization cor
rupts the younger. 1t is puzzling
thing to make facts fit scientific theo-
ries.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03
Rape for sheep.

The following question asked by n
farmer living at Whitney, Neb., was
submitted to John A. Craig, professor
Of animal hNsbandry, at the Iowa ag-
iicultural college: Will rape see J, in
this climat and locality, do we'll. or
will it do even moderately vel, that
IL, pay TO grow for sheep feed? This
locality is becon,ing quite sheep
country; it Is tn ideal stock raising
country, with climate that is hard to
equal. Cattle tnd shesp on the open
ranges all are 50 far in splendid shape,
but one should provide feed of some
kind for had stoAms.
Professor CraiG sply is ms follows
'T eau hardly wrAs 'ery definitely as
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03

Grip is prevalent all over Europe,
and appears to be making the same
record as it recently did with us, name
ly, exhibiting a mild type of the dis
ease and having few fatalities, al
though extremely impartial in its Sc.
lection of victims. There is some
thing encouraging in this. 1t points
to type of the epidemic lessening in
virulence year after year, and finally
.to disappear for period, The records
OF over century prove that such cy-
cles of influenza with periods of I'M
munity recur about every thirty years.
We will not wear Grape for it when il
retires this time.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03

American people should no longer
plead ignorance of Cuba. Puerto Rico,
Guam or the Philippines, Besides
the numberless books that have ap-
peared within the past few months, the
newspapers fairly team with articles
descriptive of the history, manners
and customs of these several islands.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03
The MoRNlN. o, TIE YEAR.

all
"a
An theresg fences
ira
wok ARE ere
mornn' o they n
upontheb barnyari gate;
showersa n-br andr urs
OF like
on n
for the
nj rees n
n
Florence Josephi Boyce,n n o
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1899-05-03

Among Dreyfus' grievances is the
fact that he has inspired and adver-
tised a great deal of literature on
which he will never be able TO collect
any royalties.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-17
PAaaoN FOR THE YouNGERs.

hm Introduced. Which. II Passed, VIII,
Practically Ensct It.
St. PAUL. MIMI. Feb. EX-SENATOR
Wilson has introduced bill in the
Senate which will practically effect
the pardoning Of the Younger broth.
ers, it it becomes law.
1t Is to amend the parole of this
state 80 that prisoners sentenced for
life and who may have served over
twenty years in prison with good
prison record may be granted by the
prison managers q parole limitless as
to geographical restrictions. The or
dinary parole requires the prisoner to
remain within the boundaries Of the
state.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-17
MAY BE !LL-FATED ANDREE.

Remains OF Three Men aud Balloon
wreckage Found.
KRAsSovARsK, Siberia, Feb. IA
gold mine owner named Monastyrs-
chin has received letter saying that
q tribe of Turgus, inhabiting the
Timur peninsula, North Siberia, re.
Gently informed the Russian police
chief OF the district that on January
2 last, between Komo and Pit, in the
province of Yeniscisk, they found a
cabin constructed of cloth and cor dage,
apparently belonging to balloon.
Close by were the bodies of three
men, the head OF one badly crushed.
Around them were number of in,tru.
ments, tho uses of which wer e not un.
derstood by the Turgus
The police chief has started for the
apt "a investigate, as it is believed
that y bodies are those OF the aero.
naut, :tt..rr Andree, and his compan.
ions.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-17
FIRE IN KANSAS CITY
Firemen Battle With Flames and
Combat With Ice.
A BAD KANSAS CITY BLAZE.
Ca pitallst w. j. Smiths Houses and s<..
bic Burned-The F'-emen Encased in
Ice. Trying to Cope With the Fl.mcs-
Many Su ffer Frozen Noses aud Ears

KANSAS CITY, Mo-, Feb. 10 With
hose that stiffened like iron rods or
broke IN cracking sheets; with storm
coats stitfenel till they were like suits
II ma |; with frozen noses, ears, hands
and feet; with water that turned into
spray and then into pellets like hail,
drem'n fought fire that DESTROYED
two houses and stable this morning,
and which ut o'clock was just under
control.
Never in the dapnrtment's history
has 1t had experience such as it faced
to-day. The Browning King fire sew.
eral years ago was a terror" the
Auditorium blaze last winter was aw.
tul. but in neither case was the mer.
curry below zero. This morning it was
~ below at ~ o'clock, with a stiff
lorth breeze, and ali efforts to combat
1t successful ~ were futile Men s,oo d
as long as they could; then they
'etreatel literally to ''thaw OUT" and
other men went through the same ex.
oerienc's. The number Of men froyen
some part of tbs body is almost q
oil call Of the department.
The home of w. F. Smith, the capi-
!alist, at 916 Locust street. and va.
:ant house adjoining on the south, also
belonging to Mr., Smith, burned down.
1t is roughly estimated that the loss to
MIR. smith will be about $4,000.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-17
NO REST FOR THE FILlPlNOS.
Another Smelling for Those Who Fled
From Calico an

Another Smelling for Those Who Fled
From Calico an.
MANILA, Feb. l3.-Early to-day the
Monitor Monadnock AMI the cruiser
Charleston began dropping shells into
the rebel Gun b.tw..n Calocan and
Malabon. The insurgents Id to this
point when driven out Of Calocan.
The enemy's sharpshooters, in the
jungle upon the American left, hal
been particularly annoying since day
light, 80 the Thrill arti lerv drove The
rebels out Of the jungle at noon. In
meantime few more of our men
were wounded.
Bass. an artist representing Har.
per's Weekly, was shot In the arm.
The loss Of the enemy in to-day's
skirmishing is estimated at fully 6fty
killed and wounded
NEW YORK, Feb. l3.-John F. Bass.
the artist and correspondent OF Har.
per's Weekly. who was shot in the
arm during the recent fighting near
Manila, Is about 80 years of age. He
Is graduate of the 30 class Of Har-
ward and served as war correspondent
tor the London Daily News in the
Greco-Turkish war
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-17
OTIS IS A WESTERN SOLDIER,

The Leavenworth School Was Foun ied
by the General.
LEAvENwGRTH, Kan. Feb l3. Ma ior
Genera. Elwel. s Otis, commander Of
the United States military forces in
the Philippine islands is wei. known
Vt Fort Leavenworth, where he was
stationed for four years rs commander
II the post. He was the FOUNDER of
the infantry and cava.ry school. Fort
Leavenworth is noted as the most
beautiful army post in the United
States, and much of its beauty is due
% the work of General Otis. During
period OF more than thirty years
General Otis has never served east of
'he Miss ss PIP! river, except for two
years. when on detached duty as re-
:ruiting superintendent.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-02-17
THE IuNTA'S OWN STORY,

American Troops Charged With Muir.
derlng Women and Children.
Hone KONG, Feb. 13.-The Filipino
iunta here has issued the following
statement;
"A Manila steamer has arrived here
with the American CENSORED version Of
the tight. which Is utterly fa.ss. The
Americans commenced heavily and by
the treachery of General Otis, simul.
taneously, by land and sea. Aguinaldo
possesses a signed guarantee from the
American commissioners that there
would be no hostility on their part.
Hence the Filipino troops were resting
and many of the Filipino officers were
1t the theatcr Saturday night, and
were arrested shortly before the out
break.
The bombardmeut of the defense.
less towns Of Ma!ate, Paco. Santa Ana
and Malabon caused frightful slaugh.
ter among the women and children.
1t is estimated that 4,OOU Of them were
killed.
'"rhe Filipino troops, whose loss
was comparatively small, tenaciously
held their positions.
'The conduct OF the Americans in
the suburbs was outrageous. They
compelled the inhabitants to leave
their houses and then shot them down
regardless of SEX
There is reign OF terror at Ma.
ola. Civilians are shot in the streets
without being challenged.
"The 1loilo commissioners arrived
vt Manila at the invitation of the
Americans AMI when they were start,
Ing to return the American soldiers
were looting and pillaging.
"Aguinaldo sent commissioners to
Inquire of General Otis the re ,son for
the hostilities, offering summary pun
tshment il the Filipinos were found to
be at fault. He received no satisfac.
ton.
1.-The Americans are apparently de.
term ned on a war of exterminat zion,
similar to their doing in Carolina in
November, violating the rights of
mankind and of civilized warfare and
committing monstrous outrage on
civilization.
''There is no doubt that the action
1t General Otis was political move to
influence the vote of the United States
Senate. fearing an exposure of the
corruptious at Manila,
-Four vessels are leaving Manila to
bonn bard lloilo."