davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15
RAPE IN THE SOUTH.


Mr.. II 2nry Stewart, the we'll known
| agricultural writer, who last week told
our readers of a substitute for free
coinage, has written for the Country
Gentleman IN article on the above
sub tj2ct. We copy it herewith and
commend it to cur readers. Says Mr..
Stewart:
In connection with the Inquiry of a
Virginia correspondent, p. 554, an =
swered by Prof. Massey, of the North
Carolina Experiment Station, would
say that your correspondent cannot go
amiss if he will prepare piece of fairly
good land and SOW pounds rape seed
to the acre, preferably in drills Is or Is
inches apart late in August, or even by
the middle of September. Tne seed
may be sown in the corn, if done at
once, and lambs may be turned into it
as soon as it is foot high, but the tall
cor1-ccmmonly grown in Virginia or
any other part of the South-will not
be Injured in any way if sheep are
turned in to eat down the rape.
That it should be as valuable a crop
in our Southern States as in France
and G G9rmany, or in southern England,
there is no reason to doubt, for the
conditions of climate are very much
the same in all these localities. Ihave
known mustard being sown in North
Carolina for feeding sheep, and as this
is closely related to rape it may answer
the same purpose, and may be sown in
the spring aud be ready for feeding by
the early part Of July. Indeed, this
crop has been grown in this locality
for some years for this purpose, and
having been permitted to seed itself, it
now grows up in my fields with great
luxuriance, and is eaten not only by
the sheep, but by the COWS, in the lat
ter case with great avidity and without
the least harm to the milk.
This crop is, one might say, the key
to the situation for successful feeding
of sheep in the Southern States, in
which so much land lies idle and unpro-
ductive, waiting with long continued
patience for the slow, natural recovery
from exhaustive culture. Indeed,
with flock of sheep there is no reason
why every acre of land on every South,
ern farm might be kept in continuous
culture, and in a condition of the high
est fertility, Toward this end, there
is no better course to pursue than to
keep sheep and grow crops for feeding
them, which, by the useful effect OF
the rotation and the fertiLizing Of the
soil by the consumption of them on the
land, will add largely to the produc
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15
No. ~
DOES EDUCATION PAY7


The Kansas Agricultural College
dairy finds that it does. Before the
first OF April, 1899, the herdsman at
the college We S a man Of no special
training along agricultural lines. He
was a good man to do what he was
told and to draw his salary, but there
his interest ended. When asked how
the recent snoWstorm or change of
feed affected the milk yield of his COWS
he didn't know, although he had
weighed and recorded each milking.
During this time the college was feed.
ing four head of calves on skim milk
and this herdsman made them gain at
the rate of thirty three pounds per
month per head or II pounds per
day.
On the first of April graduate of
the college and a special student in
dairying took up the work of herds
man. He is a man that is constantly
on the alert for new developments.
When milking a fresh COW he can
scarcely wait until the milk is weighed
in order to see if there is a gain or loss
from previous milkings. When the
calves are weighed he wants to know
Immediately how much they gained.
With the same feeds at his command
he made the four calves mentioned
above gain an average Of fifty. three
pounds per head per month or
pounds per day, an increase of 80 per
cent. This was done by carefully
watching the calves; the moment one
Of them began to scour he saw it. re-
duced the supply OF milk, gave little
castor oil and in various other ways
sought to bring it back to normal con-
dition. This was accomplished in about
twenty four hours, when the calf
would keep on gaining at the rate of
pound and a half or two pounds per
day.
Yet there are farmers who say that
education doesn't pay, and that book
learning is a farce. There is no pro-
fession in the universe that allows a
greater display of intellect than farm
ing, and nowhere is it needed more in
order to increase the profits. The
farmer is called upon to solve questions
in soil physics, in chemistry, botany,
entomology, bacteriolcgy, veterinary
science, mechanics-and in fact can
call into play knowledge of all the
sciences and arts. To do this he must
be educated. This education not only
makes him bettsr farmer, but makes
his work pleasure. No one who has
not experienced it can appreciate the
satisfaction that comes from seeing a
plant, an insect, bird, or an animal
of any kind, and to be able to name it,
tell something of it's life history, and
especially to know of it's economic
value to the farmer. Such education
helps the farmer to realize the dignity
OF his calling and helps to place his
profession in the front rank of the
worlds Undue tries, where it belongs
D. Fl. Otis, Kansas.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15

American manufacturers are push
ing their goods in all directions. The
Turkish Government is organizing an
agricultural exhibition in CONSTANT
nopIe and tribute is paid to Ameri
can goods and skill in the statement
that agricultural implements of the
latest American style will be exhibited
gI that the use Of such machinery
and implements will be taught to
Turkish farmers by Americans espe-
ciauy engaged by the Turkish Govern
ms1t.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15

quality OF the tea has proved satisfac
tory. Of the black tea, he says:
st has a distinctly characteristic
favor, and, like some of the choicer
Oriental teas, it's Iiq1or has more
strength than it's color indicates
Toe green tea, he says, has attracted
keen interest in the trade and among
consumers, abe he adds that 20 rental
teas can hardly furnish the like in this
country"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15
RALEIGH, N. c.. AUGUST Is, 1899.

and ruts rapidly increase in number
and siz9 until the road finally becomes
utterly bad.
Where the road is constructed on a
grade or hill the slope from the center
to the sides should be slightly sleeper
than that on a level. It must be steep
enough to lead the water into the side
bitches instead Of allowing it to run
down the middle of the road, Every
wheel track on an inclined roadway
becomes a channel for carrying down
the water, and unless the curvature is
sUfti 3ient these tricks are quickly deep
ened into water courses which cut into
and sometimes completely destroy the
best improved roads. Water breaks
should never be used until all other
means have failed to cause water to
flow into the side channels. Neither
should they be allowed to cross the en-
tire width of the road diagonalIy, but
should be constructed in the shape Of
the letter V. This arrangement per
mits teams following the middle of the
road to cross the ditch equarely and
thus avoid the danger of overturning.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15

This is a good SECS n of year 10 Wrile
Us a few letters on topics suggested by
your experiences in farming. We
want such letters. We dc not care
whether they equal Webster IL orthog
raphy and Shakespeare in grammar or
not, but we do want letters on just
such topics as one every day farmer
discusses with another at the mill or
the postcfiee. Write US your views on
different farming subjects. Tell US
your experiences with different crops,
different breeds of stock, stock dis
essas, etc, etc. Such letters are al
ways heartily welcomed.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15
ELECTION A GOOD ONE.

The selection of Prof. Ben. Irby for
Prof ssor Of Agriculture at the North
Carolina A & NJ. College by the trug-
tees last Tuesday was a good one. Pro-
fessor Irby is a practical farmer and a
we'll equipped teacher. He combines
theory with practice in his teaching,
and upholds it with native ability -
Wilson Times.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15

correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
Our consular agent at Valencia re
ports the wheat crop throughout Spain
very poor, with considerable impor' g
from Russia and the United States.
India, France and o5her countries. The
sugar question, he states, is also an in
teresting one. The demand is great,
and the home factories cannot supply
the market, in spite of the strongly
protective tariff.
During the first five months Of 1899,
Spain imported OCO tons more than
during the corresponding months of
last year. Foreign refined sugar, not
withstanding the high duty, can al
most compete with the Spanish home
product. Here is an interesting state OF
affairs arising out of the vicissitudes of
war: Spain which was wont to export
to the United States great quantities
of sugar has during the months in
question imported from territory prac-
tically United States, Cuba and Puerto
Rico, over 6 900 tons of this commodity.
NJ
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15

We are glad TO know that the sud
den rise in the price Of broom corn
last fall and winter did not cause the
farmers to rush headlong into tndis
criminate planting of this crop. The
acreage is said to be only 10 per cent
g-eater than last year.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15
PRACTICAL FARM NOTES.

Written for The Progressive Farmer by
the Editor, and Guy z. Mitchell,
A Michigan fruit grower finds that
il fruit trees are pruned in September
the limbs and twigs left develop much
stronger fruit buds for the next season,
than trees unpruned or not pruned till
winter or spring.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15

We learn from recsnt press dis
patches that DR.. Charles .. Shepard,
who is in charge Of the experimental
taa garden, at Summerville, 8. O., has
made report to the Secre tary of Agri.
culture covering the pro grees made up
% date. He says there are now about
ltty acres of land under tea cultiva
aon and that 900 pounds were sold
!ast year, at a profit of 25 per cent. 1t
estimated that when all the plants
nov growing arrive at maturity they
Will yield 10000 pounds annually.
Or. Shepard expresses the opinion
wa. the fact that the tea plants lived
Trough last winter, when the most in
'slsely cold weather in the history of
'15 section was experienced, is a guar
a1'ee that the weather conditions will
E0~'9 satisfactory. The labor prob
IN IN ne says, has been solved by estab
sung a school for the education Of
80 children in tea picking. The
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15

Some wonderful woods, hard as
ivory and susceptible of as high pol
lsa and practically indestructlble, are
described in a report about to be issued
tr,m the pen of Mr.. R bert Hill, of
the Geological Survey, who has re
Gently traversed Puerto REQ. Mr..
Hill states that it is doubtful if there
was single foot of the island which
was not originally wooded from the
shore to the mountain peaks. though
much Of the forest has OF course been
cut away. The report is illustrated by
new and un:qTe method of represent
ing specimens of the woods by impress
sions on the paper made directly from
Ide various kinds of woods themselves.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15

The Virginia Department Station
has issued bulletin for the purpose
OF instructing stock owners how to OBJ
tain and use blackleg vaccine for the
purpose Of preventing the disease
among their cattle.
Vaccination as a preventive is now
coming into general use and those who
have adopted this measure give very
f1attering reports as to results. The
vaccine is prepared by drying pieces
of muscle taken from the swelling of
an affected animal. After being finely
ground it is heated at a temperature of
90 to 80 degrees centigrade for period
of six hours. 1t is then pulverized to
a fine powder and If kept perfectly dry
will keep for q year or more. This
dried muscle contains the spores OF thu
germ Of blackleg, which spores are so
weakened by the heating process that
their injection into the animal does not
cause virulent form Of the disease,
but at the same time protects the ami
NAL from any fu ure attack OF it, The
immunity go produced is said to be
lasting in animals over six months Of
age.
In the Year Book of the United
States Department Of Agriculture for
1898 the statement is made that from
results gotten from the use Of vaccine,
the loss has been reduced from 10 to
20 per cent. to less than per cent
Up to the present time the Virginia
Station has been supplied with linn
tied amount of vaccine by the Bureau
OF Animal Industry, in all, about four
thousand doses, of which about 8 800
doses have been distributed to the
farmers of that State. Although no
call has yet been made for II ports Of
results, the station has heard Of but
two deaths occurring after vaccina
tion, amounting to a very small trac,
tion of 1 per cent, while several have
reported their loss as high as 26 per
cent. before vaccination.
Vaccination has now become so gen.
eral in Virginia that the station has
decided to manufacture it's own vac
cine for free distribution In the State
The only expense to the STOCK owners
in vaccinating his herd Is the Vacclnat
ing outfit, which consists OF graduated
syringe, mortar and pesCle,
glass funnel, cotton for hlterIng and q
email measuring glass.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15

The special agent of the Agricultural
Department, Mr.. SWingle, who has
been travelling in Southern Europe and
Asia during the past season, has just
returned, having accomplished several
things which may be advantageous to
American farmers and fruit growers.
Two of the most interesting items OF
Mr.. SWingle's work have been date
palms and fig insects. In y Rrocco
and Algiers he studied the best varil-
ties Of the African date palm and sent
over and made arrangements to send a
large number of email trees fer plant
ing in the date sc ction Of America -
our arid Southwest, where the dry
alkali conditions are very similar to
those in Africa where this magnificent
palm hourishes. The work in figs
shows what intelligent perseverance
will do and also shows the advantages
Of good quick transportation Tne
dried figs OF Smyrna ere justly re-
noWned. They are large and perfect
and have the distinctive aromatic fig
favor highly developed. Californians
have tried raising them, but while the
trees grow well, they were shy bearers
and the fruit was imperfect. 1t was
then seen that the blossoms did not
evidently properly fertilize, and in
quiry developed that the fig growers Of
the Mediterranean annually brought
down limbs OF the wild mountain Capri
fig and tied them to the cultivated fig
trees. These wild fig blossoms con
tanned minute insects which crawling
from blossom to blossom tertilizsd the
Smyrna figs, making large perfect
fruit, full of seeds and highly favored.
Various attempts were then made to
import these insects into California
orchards but without success; the in
sects died. But this year Mr.. Swingle
kept sending by mail, small lots of
fertiiiz9d figs wrapped in tin foil until
finally the object was attained and a
colony OF the live insects was started
in California fig trees This is another
good result of knowledge Of scientific
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-08-15
PUBLISHED WEEKLY

Money at our risk If sent by regtst cred letter
,rmOney order. Please don't send stamps.
Be sure to give both old and new addresses in
,-5erfng change of pOstoffice.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-05-31
cdIIDl'S CLAIM on Alaska
gsste1 ArbstPet1sn - the Lines
81 veaessela Precedent. anA DtA
Net Ask to Name Other CenAitIens

OTTAWA, Ont. May Mn the house
last night Sir Wilfrsd Laurier. the premier.
replying 10 q question relative 10 the Alas
kan boundary question. sa.d thai Cana
dz's position today was exactly what 4;
MAS when the commission adjourned
There had been no change and there
would be done on the part OF Canada
According to our construction OF the
treaty Of Hes" continued the premier.
the boundary line should follow the crest
OF the mountains nearest 10 the coast
pAsstng over bays 0nd creeks and iuiefs.
which arc territorial waters. whereas the
Americans maintain that the boundary
line should be drawn 50 Al TO place IN
American territory the strip Of territory
which was given TO Russia by the treaty
OF ISIS beyond and above all heAdwaiers.
That was the contention. may say. which
was maintained all along by both parties
and IL may be assumed that this was
the position maintained by the British
commissioners
After negotiating on these tines for a
long time without reaching an agreement.
we proposed arbitration on the Venezuelan
precedent.
That proposition was ours and II was
not coupled with any other conditions.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-05-31

would Indicate San Francisco II supposed
TO be much stronger in chess.
Table No. IL. NJ Babson. Seattle. de-
fsated W. J. Manson. San Francisco. In
kings gambis declined game. Manson re-
signed on the ffty-flrst move. Baoson'e
attack was very brilliant and sustained
throughout the entire play.
Table No. &C. b. Ha9iey, Seattle. play
ed draw with Rodney Kendrick, San
Francisco. who IL well known on Puget
sound. Game was queens gAmbis de-.
ciined.
Table No. 3--A. ~. cad:en. Seattle. Was
defeated by Oscar Samuels. San Fran
CISCO in Ruy Lopez opening. Mr.. Cadicn
resigned on the ffsy-eighth move.
Table No. wv. A. ptckey. Seattle, was
defeated by W. r. Lovegrove. San Fran
cisco. In Ruy Lopez game
Table No. Frank Steele, Seattle, and n.
]. kuh. San Francisco. played draw:
sscilian defense. Steele had much the bet
ter OF the ending.
Table No. 81. W. Fits. George Llnder
and Or. c. w Baldwin In consultation
against Marshall. Cowdrey and Dolau, Of
San Francisco. IN consultation Ths seat
tie contingeu, resigned this morning nj leo
o'clock The game was called French
defense
Table No. 7-R. W. Rarto. A.. c. King
and T.. Lerca. Seattle. played draw with
Yerworth Lyons and Mitchell. San Fran
cisco. Game was y queens Eamoit de-
cllned
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-05-31
AFRAID Of YELLOW fever.
FIRST CASE - REPORTED Fn01
NEW ORLEANS.
Authorities Take Instant Precau.
eions Against Spread Of the Dis
ease-strict Quarantine In Texas
-southern Pacific Tied W Fast.

JACKSON. Miss. May 1.-Aavices have
been received from President Sochon. OF
the Louisiana state board OF health. that
one case Of yellow fever has appeared In
New Orleans.
HOUSTON. Tex. May 3o-Stase Health
Officer Blunt. on hearing OF the case OF
yellow fever at New Orleans. placed
quarantine guards and inspectors at
points OF entrance to Texas by teie-
graphic orders. and has sent the follow.
ing telegram 10 every railroad entering
Texas from New Orleans.
do not sell tickets over your line from
New Orleans to any Texas point Do not
bring any passengers or things from New
Orleans, either by express or freight into
Texas until further orders"
This will tie UP the Southern Pacific
hard and fast. as IL has been tied ZIP for
the past three summers. The train that
goes tonight will be the last one TIL the
quarantine IL raised, though officials are
trying To secure service by running two
trains to connect at the state lire.
ORANGE Tex, May Sn.-The guards
were placed at the Louisiana stale line
today, and a rigid quarantine by order
of State Health officer Blunt has been
established.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-05-31

twenty-five men are shearing at sheep
Springs. near Rtxvtile. Fieeces are re-
Adams county's probable output Is es,i-
mated at 10000 pounds.
f.. H. Brandt 4 Co. OF 9nohomish, ship
ped a consignment Of extra choice shin
gles by the Riojun Maru TO Kobe. Jaran.
The consignment was small. being more
OF an experiment than anything else.
Snohomish county is getting in lire with
the band wagon During tho past ten
days there have been eighty real estate
transfers recorded and less than q fourth
ord.
Centraiia has q bicycle sidewalk ordi-
nance. too. Last week Rev. r. J. Camp
beli. OF that city. was arrested for riding
to n8ht the caee, but afterward reconyic-
cred the matter and paid his nne.
Washington coal mines are expected to
break all previous records OF production
niands have put nearly ali producing mines
working at fun capacity. and State Nine
Inspector c. r. Owen predicts An output
OF close 10 2Sn coo tons. a. compared with
$4,000 tons last year.
At the Asotin creek roundup last week
over loo head Of horses were corralled
by about twenty men, The roundup tnis
year was not al successful as usual Is
TO understand each other thoroughly
Many Of the horses broke through the lises
and succeeded In getting hack onto tho
wild range without getting their heads In
tho moose.
The friends OF Whitworth college will be
retosced TO hear Of the MAGNIFICENT elf.
OF S0oM OF which this institution has been
the recipient. II IL the reward SOLELY OF
DR.. Calvin w. Stewards individual efforts
The donation IL not conditioned further
than that IL ID not to be held permanently
as an endowment but II ~ be urrd 70 put
the college on lis feet. The money was
given without restriction and Will be ex-
pended a. Or. Stewart thinks best ne hav-
ang the matter IN practical control The
college viii be reorganiaed this fall.
The FIRST prosecution under cregcn's new
process butter law failed 10 procure a
conviction because In the opinion of tho
court the provisions OF the act were NOT
sufficiently understood TO warrant n cons
vscfion. Daniels a Russell were arrested
al Portland for Offering for sale process
butter net property branded !, was
shown that the food Inspector had exam
ined the product and Informed defendants
that IL must - branded II offered for
sale. Through Misunderstanding the box.
IS containing the product were branded
euG net each mould Of butter ftsels TIE
caur. held IN To b. the intent az the Law
that each roll or square should have ). or
branded, bat the defendants had male
conscientious effort TO comply. they were
discharged.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-05-31
CONDENSED nISPATCHEs-

TIE naval transport Ecss-e. lust return
sss from Honolulu WIFI placed on The
tryssoca AZ Mare Island ard given q thor
ouga overnaulsng
" par~on civil engineer. who has
resn locking after the work 81 tbs Bruce
wx~mssras~ On Us railroad concessions in
china. has returned To View York 10 ssAks
his report
An investigation Is besIx he'd ia San
Francisco sssso tBs aosx OF f1e steamship
stars~rk ~ The Pacific Mail Hoe. wssca
eent on the rsscks on Nicaragua ABOUT
fcur months age.
TIE estate ~ Miss isabella Mary Mar
gAxes MarysAy, valued at hall . ussssior
dollars IL 20 - divided Anrcsg ne< yssx~
s3xsAs in seccranne~ with n cosnrs1znsse
reached. sa~ sssf saY~e Different Wills
II cNarrun usrner az TO assnnosasA
rac~ from Paris 10 Bordeaux. kAa Accept
"a ~ Melons chAs1sngs for . race over
. c~w1o ~ 0EO - - tar ~ enneo