davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
WISDOM OF MONROE.
How He Added Louisiana to Our
Domains.
His Bargain with Napoleon Bona
parte Was "A Great Victory for the
ExpansiOnists of Early
American Days.
Especial washington letter.

They who have never used the scapel
should not undertake to practice medi-
cine. They who have never studied law
should not act as law-givers and oracles
on Jurisprudence. They who have never
studied international law should not
attempt to act as oracles for the direc-
ton of the foreign affairs of this re-
public.
These axioms are called forth by rea-
son of the multifarious expressions of
editorial and oratorical opinion con-
corning the policies which our federal
government should pursue in our for
eign relations, our diplomatic affairs
and our increased responsibilities grow
ing out of the war with Spain.
When we have studied the history of
the finances and wars of country we
have studied its diplomacy. Money is
necessary to back diplomacy; and
diplomacy always falls back upon the
arbitrament of war for the enforcement
of its conclusions. But diplomacy does
not cease when war begins. 1t goes on
just the same. Neutral nations at once
begin with unofficial mediation, follow
ing it with official mediation, for the
welfare of all nations.
The history of the finances and wars
rof this republic gives us the history of
the diplomacy of our country. The
presidents established will usually gov
.ern primary conclusions in future di-
piomacy, but presidents can always
be broken, by the will of the majority
of our peop4e.
Upon the public platform and in the
editorial and news columns of our news
papers we hear and read all shades OF
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
FEEDING FARM HORSES.
a Canadian Farmer Tells of "a System
Which Has Produced Very Sat-
isfactOry Results.

have always believed that we farm
ers feed too much hay to our horses.
Certainly we feed fully twice as much
as our friends in the city, and only about
half as much grain as horse-owners in
the city feed. Since June 1, I have been
feeding my horses by a novel method,
which L find eminently satisfactory. AT
the end of May, this year, I found my
self without hay for my horses, and a
large amount of work to do. I could
procure hay from some of my neigh
bors, but of very poor quality. This
kind of hay I did not want.
Up to this time the grass pasture was
very poor, but along toward June it be
gan to be fair. I therefore decided to
get along without hay, and depend en-
tirely on pasture and grain. On the
evening of June 1, I turned my work
horses to. pasture. In the morning
took them up and gave them a feed of
oats and bran, about five quarts per
horse. That is all they got for break
fast, in addition to what grass they had
eaten. AT noon they were fed no hay.
only feed of oats and bran = six
quarts per animal, and nothing else. At
four o'clock, as is usual with US, we took
them up Tor tea, Watered them and led
another feed of oats. At shutdown, when
we knock off work, the horses were
turned out to pasture. This has been
and is still the bill of fare for my
horses-grass during the night, and
grain (about a half-bushe1 of oats, in
three feeds) during the day. As a re
suit, my horses are doing splendidly
and gaining all the time.
am greatly pleased with this method
of feeding horses-hay or pasture at
night, and grain during the day. A.
Macdonald, in County Gentleman.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28

first. cutting it down two feet in depth,
as shown in illustration, which forms a
shoulder upon which to build the brick
top. This top is necessary in order to
guard against frost chipping the ce-
ment, and also to allow smaller focus
at top, which allows the cistern to be
kept in better sanitary condition.
After the clay wall has become some
what dry, take a mallet and chisel and
chip numerous crevices into the clay.
1t is now ready to trowel on the cement.
After the walls are well troweled down,
erect the brick top, laying each brick
with good cement mortar, cementing
and troweling down both inside and out
side of wall until top is reached, then
erect sewer tile as shown in illustration,
cementing it well. Fill excavation,
mounding up slightly, and you have
cistern that is pure, clean and sanitary
and will undoubtedly givd you no
trouble as long as you live. Make it
large enough to hold bountiful supply
of water.-George w. Brown, in Ohio
Farmer.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
A GALLANT SOLDIER.
one whose Devotion to the Unisn
Arose from Singular Cir
cumstances.

The recent death of Rev. George W.
Pepper, of Cleveland, calls to mind the
story of his devotion to the union
cause, which has in it all the elements
of romance.
Famine year in Ireland, an Irish
lady stood with her young son. watch
ing the American man-of-war, Mace
donia, come to anchor at Belfast,
freighted with Indian meal for the
sufferers. This lady was the mother
of G. w. Pepper. The generous act
of this government so thrilled her
that, taking her sons hand and rails
ing it to heaven, she made him vow
to God that should any calamity
ever overtake the American people,
he would never forget the stars and
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
RANGE FOR TURKEYS.
The Birds should Not Be Confined. Ex-
cept n Few Weeks Before They
Are to Be Sold.

The turkey is a fowl that has been
least time domesticated by man. The
Indians never tried to tame them, and it
is considerably less than 800 years since
any attempt was made to domesticate
this bird. One result of the wild nature
of the turkey is that it will not bear
to be confined. Even the domestic hen
will not be so good a mother to the
turkeys in their later stages as the
turkey hen. She will take long iaunts
in the fields catching grasshoppers and
other insects, and when frost Ioosens
the beechnuts on the trees the turkey
hen will take her brood to the woods
and live on what was in their wild state
the main feed of the turkey during
winter. A beechnut diet gives the tur-
key better flavor than any other food.
Buckwheat, which is an angular grain
like the beechnut, is, perhaps, the next
best grain for turkeys, but it lacks the
oil with which the beechnut abounds.
When turkeys are put up to fatten,
which is the only time they should be
confined, it is worth while to mix a
few beechnuts with their feed This
will keep the other food from caking in
their crops, and enable the turkey to
fatten faster, besides improving the
flavor of their flesh. To have good
favored meat the turkeys must be kept
from indigestion, which always creates
fever. For this reason the fattening of
turkeys must usually be completed in
ten days to two weeks after they have
been confined in a dark place where
they can do nothing but eat.-American
Cultivator.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
killing on Young Rooster.

The great plague of the beginner in
poultry, whose object is to produce the
greatest number of eggs, is the large
proportion of non-layers that are found
in every flock that were spring Matched
It is, we think, the rule that later
matches have a stiIl larger proportion
of cockerels. But be they few or many.
all except the one or two that are to be
kept for breeders should be killed and
marketed when of broiler size. Their
sex can then be determined easily by
anyone used to poultry, and in the late
summer the broiler viii sell for eating
for as much money as it would bring
when fully grown, besides saving the
feed and care required to keep until
that time.-American Cultivator.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
COLD STORAGE EGGS.
They Are Good Enough for Ordinary
Purposes, But Not Up to Fresh
Laid Ones.

Cold storage of eggs opens oppor-
tunities for sales that would not other
wise be afforded. Objections may be
made to them by some, but they are
nevertheless a necessity at the present
time, as they relieve the market OF the
surplus during certain seasons when
the supply of eggs and poultry is un-
limited. The eggs are kept at a tenn
perature just above the freezing point
the object being not to allow them to
become frozen, and at the same time TO
keep them in a condition which pre-
vents any changes. The main objection
to the system is that the eggs are sold
as fresh laid which is an imposition
on the purchaser, and there seems no
way to overcome the difficulty. There
should be law compelling those who
subject eggs and poultry to the cold
storage process to label or mark them
in such a manner as to make the fact
known, the same as is done with bogus
butter. If anyone wishes to purchase
cold storage materials the right to do
so should not be denied them, but to
sell cold storage eggs as fresh laid''
is a fraud and imposition. When pouI-
try is kept by the cold storage process
decomposition begins as soon as the
low temperature is removed, and the
meat becomes fiabby. Any person who
has compared such poultry with that
which is fresh can easily detect the
difference, but the great army of buyers
are ignorant of the fact that to a certain
extent cold storage destroys the quail
ity, and they willingly buy an article
that has been preserved by cold stor-
age, believing it to be strictly fresh,
although they would not do so if they
were informed of the facts by proper
labels or marks.-Farm and Fireside.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
The Right Kind of Beef.

In regard to the kinds of beef which
the killer and eater demand writer in
the Southern Planter says: "Give spe-
cial attention to well-developed loins,
backs and hips, for it is upon these of
a fat steer the buyer puts the value of
the steer when he stands in the mar
ket as beef. It is not simply the fat
ness of a steer that puts the highest
price upon him in the market, but it is
the steer that is fat at the right places
on his carcass that makes him top the
market. once sold a car load of Short
horn grades in the Philadelphia market
which topped the market that day of
10000 beeves, and the buyer took as
much pains in examining those cattle
as many people would do in buying a
horse.''
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
Wnderness Lumber.

Several cargoes of lumber of consid-
cradle interest from historical point
of view have just been delivered in Phil
adelphia. The lumberwas obtained on
the Wilderness battlefield, and the bills
of Iading show that the trees were felled
and the lumber sawed on the famous
field where Lee and Grant fought so
fercely and stubbornly for supremacy.
In some of the planks the mimic balls
can be plainly seen, particularly where
the bullets have been cut through by
the saw, which seemed to go through
the lead as easily as through pine. The
parts of the wood touching the spot
where the bullets were found are discol-
ored and rotten, but not enough to dam
age the lumber.-C Chicago Chronicle.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
CHOPPED UP A FINE PIANO.

on them. One of these was wantonly
destructive, and he was in fair way
to give the regiment bad name when
he was arrested as deserter and shot.
He had entered house, driven the peo-
pie out, chopped up a fine piano, and
secreted some valuables about his per-
son, when a detachment from his own.
regiment tried to capture him. He cut
his way through the line, and, stealing
a horse, made his escape to his old
haunts in the city. He was followed,
captured, returned to the regiment,
court-martialed. and shot. His case
was cited as administration of the bru-
tally of the military system, but the
members of the regiment did not
mourn. 1t was to the interest of the
army to weed out such characters, and
most of them were weeded out in the
first year of the war.-Chicago Inter
Ocean
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28

he would cede the whole province OF
Louisiana, and that he wanted 50,000,0o0
of francs for it. Secrecy was to be OBJ
served. Mr.. Livingston refused to offer
more than 10000 900 francs, and assert
ed that he had no power to treat for the
cession of the entire province.
1t was supposed at that time that in
structions were issued to our ministers
that the treaty of cession by Spain 10
France included the entire province of
Louisiana and the Floridas, but it was
found shortly afterward that it ceded
Louisiana only. If France declined to
sell, our ministers were to open nego-
tiations with Great Britain, so as to
prevent France from taking possession
of the province. NJ. Barbe Morbois
(marquis of Barbe Morbois), who was
then at the head of the treasury of
France, had conducted the negotiations
with Mr.. Livingston. He had formerly
been secretary of the French legation to
the United States. and was personally
known to Mr.. Monroe.
Mr. Monroe arrived April II, 1903. NJ.
Morbois, the next day, asked imme-
date action. After consultation, the
two ministers, on behalf of the United
States, offered France 50,OO0,OOC francs,
with an offset in the shape of such
claims in favor of citizens of the United
States against France as should be es-
tablished, estimated at from $1,000, 900
to $4,000, 900 francs. This was declined.
The ministers of the United States were
embarrassed by the fact that the ten
der of territory was beyond their in
structions to buy or receive. Rumors
of large English fleet sailing for
Louisiana for the purpose of capturing
it were rife, and the English press was
urgent in demanding such action.
Bonaparte had, no doubt, intended
just before this period to send the
French fleet, then at San Domingo, to
Louisiana, to receive and hold it. Ber-
nadotte, afterward king of Sweden
was to be the governor. The negotia-
tions were entirely secret. Spain had
not yet transferred the province to the
| possession of France. In the treaty Oh
| San Ildefonse there was provision for
reference to Spain in future DISPOSE
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
1E LEADING CHARACTERS IN THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE

expression of opinion concerning ,ex-
pansion and anti-eXpansion. People
talk of it and write of it as though the
subject had all the newness and fresh
ness of novelty, but it is old as the hills.
Expansion began on April 80, 1903, when
France, in three separate treaties, coded
to this republic the territory of Louis
lana, and that event has become known
in history as ''The Louisiana Purchase"
The story of this historic occurrence
forms one of the most important and
interesting chapters in our national his
tory.
1t is very eXhaustively treated of in
that remarkable book, 1.-THE Public Do
MAN," published under the authority
of the United States, and compiled by
Thomas Donaldson, man of marvellous
research. He devotes many pages to
an exhaustive history of the buying
from France of the vast province of
Louisiana. He epitomizes the events
progressively leading to the COLOMBIA
ton of that part of the province which
is now the city of New Orleans as fol-
lows:
In 1871 De Soto reached the Mississip-
pi river.
In 1878 Father Marquette descended
the Mississippi to its mouth.
In 1850 La Sale descended the Missis-
Sippi river and took possession of the
country adjacent to it in the name of
Louis XIV. of France, and called it
louisiana
In 1899 Lemoine d'Ibervi1le founded
the first colony at Biloxi, but dying soon
after, Henille took command.
In 17O6 thes colonists made new To-
cation on the site of what is now the
city of New Orleans.
In 1872, September IA, Louis ". made
a grant to Antoine de Crozat, a mer-
chant of Paris, who had amassed for
tune of 100000 livres in the Indian
trade, the grant being for trading priv
ileges.
President Jefferson, December Is,
1902, notified the congress of the ces-
sion of Louisiana to France, and of the
action of the Spanish authorities at
New Orleans. Excitement ensued in
the congress, but finally President JEFF
ferson obtained the consent of the SEN
ate to the confirmation of Mr.. Monroe
EARNED with an appropriation of 50 ,OOO,-
O00) to proceed to France and, in con-
nection with Mr.. Livingston, minister
of the United States at Paris, to treat
with France for the cession of New Or
leans and the island of New Orleans and
Florida.
Mr.. Livingston held to the opinion at
that time that the United States would
never be able to acquire New Orleans
by treaty or purchase, and that it ought
to be taken, at once, by force. Mr.. Mon
roe, upon arrival in France, found
Bonaparte meditating on and in danger
of a rupture with Great Britain. just
before his arrival NJ. Talleyrand had
requested Mr.. Livingston to make an of
fer on behalf of the United States for
the province of Louisiana entire. This
was an authority he did not possess.
The intention of the United States, as
he understood, was to purchase only
New Orleans island, and the FIoridas,
or the western part of them. These
negotiations were conducted under the
personal supervision of the first consul.
He said he wanted money for war, that
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
RATCHET WITH STATUE.
Act of a Vermont Captain at Gettys-
burg to Be Preserved on
Monument.

It is not always best to bury the
Ratchet, especially if it is an historical
one.
1t has been decided that the statue
of Capt. Stephen F. Brown, which is
a part of the monument marking the,
spot where the Thirteenth Vermont in
fantry stood at Gettysburg, will show
a Ratchet. Capt. Stephen F. Brown
was a prisoner at the time the battle
of Gettysburg began, but he was re-
leased, and with Ratchet heroically
led his company until he wrested from
a rebel officer sword and pistol.
The Ratchet in the statue rests near
the captains right foot. The presence
of the Ratchet in any position natur-
ally suggests inquiry, and that is just
why the Vermonters wanted it there.
Every cemetery guide will know the
story of Capt. Brown and his Ratchet,
visitors will tell it to their children,
and it will become history.
At the battle of Gettysburg the Thir-
teenth Vermont was a part of Gen.
STANDARDS Vermont command. The
Second Vermont brigade had been left
on outpost duty in Virginia until the
third day after the army of the Potomac
had passed it in pursuit of Lees troops
into Maryland and Pennsylvania. Then
the brigade got orders to proceed by
forced marches to join the army of the
Potomac. The latter was also on a
forced march, but in six days time the
Vermonters had overtaken the main
body. Just before the first days battle
Capt. Browns command came up to a
well at which was an armed guard.
you can't get water here said the
guard. g 'Gainst ORDERS
s.D-n your orders,'' said Capt.
Brown, and then, with all the canteens
of the men, and with only one man TO
help him, he thrust the guard aside
and filed the canteens. His arrest fol-
lowed, and he was deprived ofhis sword.
The history-making battle began
with Capt. Brown a prisoner. He
begged for chance TO rejoin his com
pany, and was allowed to go. He picked
up a camp-hatchet and ran to the firing
line, rushed into the fray, and singing
out a rebel officer SO yards away, PEN
etrated the rebel ranks, collared the
officer, wrestling from him his sword
and pistol, after which he dropped his
hatchet, while his men cheered him
amid the storm of bullets and smoke.
Such, in brief. was Capt Browns ex
ploit.-Boston Globe.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28

stripes. Years after, when that lad
had grown to mans estate and had
become a minister of the Gospel,
member of the North Ohio conference,
in 1861, when the country was lurid
with the smoke and flames of civil
war, he preached from his pulpit in
Keene a sermon of impassioned patti
otto eloquence from the words: ''Out
of the south cometh the whirlwind."
in which he described the scene and
oath in Belfast The effect upon his
congregation was wonderful. The
hour had come for the preacher to full
fill his VOW, and no paper being at
hand, the young pastor wrote out and
signed an enlistment on the fy-leaf of
a, hymn-book, and appealed for volun-
teers to join him. Sixty at once en-
rolled, and the next day the list grew
to 100, and, with the pastor for cap
tain, became H company, in Col. Eph-
rain r. Eckley's Eightieth Ohio vol
unteer infantry, doing gallant service
in the Vicksburg and Atlanta cam
paigns, proving himself a courageous,
wise and successful officer.
Then he was sent as consul to Milan,
and afterward made an extensive tour
through Europe and the Holy Land.
Returning, he spent the closing years
of his life in and about Cleveland,
where, in great peace and honor, he
died the other morning in his sixty
seventh year. While student in Bel
fast college, his native oratorical pow
ers were quickened into life by hear
ing many famous speakers, among
whom were G11thrie Chalmers DAN
gigne, Cough, Gavazzi and Kossuth
However eloquent as preacher, he won
his greatest renown as lecturer and
orator on philanthropic and patriotic
themes,' for which he was in demand
from one end of the country to the
other.-Christian Advocate.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
VANDALISM OF SOLDIERS.
wantOn Destruction of Property by
Reckless Characters on
the Rampage.

"Indiscriminate charges of vandalism
against soldiers said the colonel,
''were as common as blackberries in
1861 and 1862, and the copperheads
rarely referred to a union soldier ex-
cept as a vandal, who was killing men
for hire. We expected a certain kind
of abuse from the rebels, but we were
not prepared for the charge that we
were the riffraff of creation and born
piIlagers. Our regiment was raised in
a college town and nine-tenths of the
men were high grade, genteel, chivalric
young fellows, who regarded any sort
of thieving with adherence. We made
a 1OO-mile march in the enemy's coun-
try without stealing a chicken or a
pig.
1--WE were priding ourselves on max
ing an excellent impression, when we
were informed by a rebel newspaper
in on of the towns captured that we
had been robbing and burning houses
and abusing women all the way up the
valley. Two weeks later the same
charges were repeated in a copperhead
paper published in our home county.
The effect was demoralizing on the
more reckless men of the regiment,
y
ing of the rigid discipline that guarded
every sort of rebel property, and that
compelled the soldiers to eat bacon and
bareback in midsummer, when chickens
were walking over them, and nice, fat,
young hogs were roofing down their
tents.
SIN good time the union troops came
to live off the country, but even then
there was no violence. There was great
respect for churches and religion
among all classes of soldiers, whether
they came from city or country. Dur
ing our first week in service a Methodist
church was thrown open for our use
as barracks. We saw afterward an ac-
count in a copperhead paper saying
that we had practically ruined the in
terror, and that the ladies of the con-
gregation refused to enter the building.
The truth was that there was SO much
respect for the church among the men
that they didn't want the band to play
inside, and the greatest care was taken
not to soil or injure the furnishings.
This feeling continued throughout the
service, and cannot remember a single
complaint of church desecratiCn in our
four years of service. But we were
accused of firing on and running all
churches that came in our way.
''Our regiment was very careful
about pillaging, but there were a few
men who would raid every house left
vacant, if a close watch was not kept
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1899-09-28
CHEAP FARM cIsTERN.
Description of one That Is Peculiar
~ Adapted for Regions where
Hay SubsOiI Prevails.

Where clay subsoil prevails, and this
is found on nearly all Ohio farms, there
is good opportunity to build cement
cisterns very cheap and durable. In
starting the excavation circle should
be struck the desired size, and after
thrown open several feet in depth the
circumference should be lessened one
spading each time until an abrupt bot
tom is reached, when you will have a
jug-shaped figure. Now inscribe sec
ond circle five inches larger than the