Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-05-16

PROV lice. w iIlle pine, lnuccu, cplSti-
tutcs the principal item OF the lumber
export of Canada. Another valuable
forest resource that Canada possesses
in great abundance is spruce, which
is used for the purpose OF making wood
pulp for paper stock North of the
Height of Land" along the Hudson
bay slope extends what is perhaps the
largest forest of pulp" spruce to be
found in the world. The value of The
spruce blocks now exported frem Can
ada amounts to about Sl00O.0J0 an
nually. The other timber resources of
Canada resemble those of the northern
states. including on the Pacific coast
the Douglas fir.
Russia in Europe has Il forest area Of
about 5OO. 000. 900 acres. Cnc-third of the
country. indeed, is forest. Ii is TO be
noted, however, that the Whble of the
forest area Of Russia is under careful
crown mana & mcnt, ana effective meas-
ureS ale taken TO prevent waste. one
popularity Of the management OF for
cst5 in Russia is that cer.ain forests
are recognized as necessary to protect
the water supply of rivers ana in these
forests the telling of timber is under
very strict regulation. the object being
to preserve the forests for all time. The
principal timber trees Of Russia are
conifors Cpines. frs or sp.uccs. larches
and cedars) and oaks. The conifers are
found in the northern part of the great
timber belt. the oaks in the southern
-
pies and lindens. The principal conf
fcrs are The so-called Scotch pine"
which is exported under the name of
REDWOOD" the so-calicd NORWAY
spruce which is exported under the
name Of "WhitcWood," and the "Sibe-
rian larch," which is used locally. OF
these the redwood is the most abund-
ant. vast forests being in existence
consisting of it alone The wood of the
redwood" however. in Russia. IS fire.
M. ssx,.l
wood is the more highly priced as its
wood is fine grained ond free from
knots. From the port of Riga alone
S6ooo.OOo worth of whitcwood is OK
ported annually. The total value of the
timber export Of Russia. including
manufactures Of wood. is about So. QUO.
600 annually. Almost the whole or this
goes To Great Britain. It 50 worthy of
notice in connection with tho forest re-
sources of Russia that IN that country
wood is largely used AZ fuel instead of
coal. even for manufacturing PURPOSES
and for railway locomotives The an
nua! consumption Of wood for fuel in
tho Moscow manufacturing district
alone is 900 0O0 tons whereas Of cOnl
only 10000 TONS are used. half Of which
is imported from ENGLAND. The total
conSumntion Of wood for fuel in Rus
sia amounts 10 not !,-s than $50 C00-
ooo annually. principally Of pines. frs
and larches.
In proportion 70 area and population
no country of Europe holds such
prominent rank as Il timber producer
as Sweden and Norway. In Sweden
something like 40 per cent. of the total
area IS sun covered with forest. in
Norway Il per cent. of the total area
is still! covered with forest. ana Of this
almost threefourths is under pine
l'ut. As in the United States and Can
ada. there has been an enormous waste
OF forest Meall H. and also a v.s1y great
CONSUMPTION. so that the valuable TIM
Der areas Of Sweden and Norway are
now restricted wholly to districts here
t"iore difficult of access. The great
forests Of the country consist almost
exclusively of pine and spruce. The
pine is the sO-called Scotch pine" the
timber of which. for all indoor purposes
ana almost all outdoor purposes. is as
IaStinS as oak. and for maStS ana ships'
spars is said to be superior to all other
woods produced in Europe. The spruce
- the so-calcd Norway spruce"
which. when grown in forests. produces
wood with a fine and even grain,
much valued for all indoor work I'm
mcnse Quantities of this spruce are
imported into England under the name
oi white Norway" or "Chrstiania
deal The total annual value of the
lumber export Of Sweden ami Norway
including manufactures of wood, is
about 10000. 900 OF this export one
''"ii t'tS 10 Ofrcdt lSTli3in. JIe re-
lnaindor goes principally to France.
Holland and Belgium.
Austria-IIungary has n forest area
OF about 41.00G000 acres. OF which 90 :
100000 acres are under pine. the remain
der being practically under oak and
beech. The annual expectation. includ-
ing timber, slaves for casks and sawed
lumber is about $4,000. 600 or this
amount over one-siXth is for slaves.
Only Il small portion OF this export
goes to Great Britain.
Outside Of America and Eurorc. tho
timber trees that are OF creates; com
mercial Importance. not considorinr,
cabinet woods. are the teak tree and .he
kauri. When everything Is taken into
account. lockwood must undoubtatllv
be considered the most valuable Tim
Der known. In tropical climates II has
no equal. and for certain purposes it
has no equal in tcmporatc climates
also. Ii is not very hard. IL is very
easily worked. it has great elasticity
and strength. ii is not very heavy and
il takes Il beautiful polish But /; is
especially valuable for its durability
that is, its power of resisting the ac-
ton of wafer air. heat. etc In India
and in Persia, where lockwood has been
used from time immcmorial beams OF
buildings are still in existence and in
perfect preservation that are known to
be 900 years old. Indeed pieces OF
teak nave been found known to be at
least 2.oO0 years old. one reason for
this durability is that the wood pos
sesses an oil which preserves 1t from
atmospheric and other Influences. AS
this oil is aromatic and of an aSreea :
ble fragrance, ana as II seems TO re-
tain its aromatic fragrance unimpaired