davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

They will have, Qt they will ONLY
STAY HERD a SHORT WHITLEY the
unusual accomplishment of jumping
expert" acrobats. They could Join our
City Councils or the first circus that
came this way. and get better pay and
more lasting renown than our City
Fathers. The Board of Trade and Bus
mess Mems Association could send out
circulars and pamphlets setting forth
our unrivaled advantages as great
school of practice in the above named
arts and accomplishments which our
city affords, and invite inhabitants
from various parts Of the world, who
ming qualifications. and springiness, to
visit us. and stop u short while Sin our
midst" and-PRACTICE.
The very unreasonable demand, how
ever. Of all classes Of visitors, strangers.
&C.. could be met by providing boats
upon such public streets as might be
traversed by strangers. Particularly,
on Front street, should a good sche-
dule be kept up, on account of the i'm
portance Of the cotton business of the
city. and the hundreds OF people who
visit the Cotton Exchange of the third
cotton port in the United States. There
is some talk of filling UP the main
channel on Front street with oyster
shells. which eXpedlent should be hailed
with joy. since in few days the heavy
trucks from the cotton warehouses,
&C.. will grind them into dust and pro-
vide powder for the energetic winds of
dry weather. to disport into the open
mouth of pedestrians, and furnish oys-
ter mud in wet weather for rheumatics
At the risk OF Seeming to take n
liberty" We must risk reputation for
modesty in rcprimanding those persons
clamorinS for improvements upon our
streets and sidewalks. Let us hold
fast to what We have until the bottom
is carried away in mud, or blown away
upon the sweet zephyrs of the spring
time brceZes: and spend the city's
money for matters and things more in
Keeping with up-to-date legislation and
enteiprising expenditures; and do moth
Ing to remove the causes which make
OUT city great training school of
practice for men and women to acquire
those agile accomplishments that will
best beiit them to become expert"
members of first-class up-to-date only
genuine oyster-shell and mud-circus on
Earth.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10
CATIONS PRINTERS MARK.
(Reduced fac SMILEY

CaXtons first book in EngIand-the
iirst DOCK ever printed on English soil.
the third book printed in the English
tonSue-is supposed to be the one en-
tltied THE Dictos and Sayings OF the
philosophers" This book was finished
November Is, JAZZ. II is notable as being
the hrst book printed by Caxton which
bears on its face the plain statement OF
tne place and time and circumstances
OF us execution. The work was written
by Ear! Rivers. brothcr-in-law to the
kihg (lIdWard iTO. 1t was a transla-
ton from work which the earl had
met with In 'ra-ce and had been much
ue'!Snted with there. 1t had taken him
some years 10 translate. and when he
lntfu*tcd ii To CaXton to print he asked
CaNton Ito oversee" his translation he
Tore going on with it--a pretty fair tes-
tmony To Cations literary ability. In
Inc cn2pter "tOwching wymmcn" Cax-
ton, at the car1's request. added q nro-
!oguc. This prologue is humorous and n
little sarcastic.
For long time 1t was believed on
the strength of this prologue "towchinr
WNmmcn." that Caxton YVES n bachelor
,'ut documentary evidence has lately
been discovered to show that Caxton
was married before he left Bruges.
-i'crhars one Of the reasons why he
gave M his ''governorship" ut Bruges
was his desire to marry. for by the
ru'cS arperta!ring to the position OF
governor" he could not merry SO long
as he remained governor"
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

annexation and criminal aggression
imperial policies, and standing army,
with all the immense expenditures these
necessltate and the reckless extrava-
gance and squanderinC they imply? 1t
seems that though We are too poor to
act wisely and do right, we are abrn-
dainty rich to act unwisely and do
wrong: piling Pelion upon Ossa in our
national debt, increasing our servitude
to our creditors, and making that the
explanation, justification and irresisti-
BILE compulsion for n complete and I'M
conditional surrender of all our Federal
affairs to THE MONEY TRUST.
or course, obviously. self-evidently
and infallibly this is all wrong, error,
crime; but our masters-the powers
that be-see a temporary acquisition Of
power and money for them in this
wreck OF American development and
freedom. and they cannot resist the
temptation. Nothing can restrain them
but the resistless will of q free people.
fully aroused, and determined to be rid
of this pestiferous brood of harpies and
ghouls, who find their profit and happi-
ness in the loss and woe of the rest of
the universe
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

have been a particularly skillful one
But CaXton, with his keen commercial
sense wanted not manuscripts, but
printing. Crhere is no direct evidence
as to this point, but the facts seem TO
point this way) Mansion knew some
thing of the art of printing as it was
practiced in Haarlem. Cation supplied
the money, Mansion the technical
Notwithstanding there was of it,.
Where the types were obtained is not
known, but from the resemblance of
the printed page in the first books the
CO. workers produced To known speci-
mems of Mansions manuscript work 1t
is evident that the forms of their types
were exactly modelled upon Mansions
own script. The probability is that
Mansion designed and cut the punches
TO form the necessary matrices ana
cast the types himself. But whatever
may nave been the origin of the types
or Whatever may be the settlement of
the question whether Mansion first
suggested printing To CaXton or Cax-
ton first suggested it to Mansion, In
lf4 CD the results OF their joint eff
forts appeared in the shape of printed
copies of Cations popular book, The
Histories of Troy" the first book in
which the English language ever an.
peared in print.
In the year 1i76 Git is supposedly, with
font of new types modelled and cas-,
by Mansion, and with all other neces-
sary material. CaXton returned to Eng
land. He had been absent thirty five
years. But he had kept in touch with
the commercial instincts of the great
metropolis. He was still a member of
the guild of the MERGERS and etill ia
mi!iar with all the interests of the COM
pany of merchant Adventures.
But il is hardly probable that Caxton
was wealthy man. His work abroad.
his position as governor of the Eng
lish nation" ut Bruges. had brought
him honor rather than money. He tells
us himself that he took up the business
of printing TO provide himself with a
livelihood in his old age.
CaXton set up his press Tin West
Minister What the phrase "in West
minister" meant has been TIE subject
of good deal of discussion. 1t was
for long time supposed that 1t meant
within the abbey itself-in one of the
very chambers OF the abbey, the scrip
torlum." But modern research has sat-
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

OF the volumes. the beauty of the vel
lum. the elegance of the writing, the
artistic merit OF the illuminations and
ornaments and the luxury displayed in
the bindings scarcely interior to that
OF Philip the Good.
The artists and artisans connected
with the work of book writing and
book making in Bruges were, therefor @,
both skillful and numerous. Division Of
labor, as in modern industries, was car
ricd TO it's fullest extent. The leading
members Of the various contributory
arts and crafts were united into Il cor
poration or guild" called the Guild
of st. John the Evangelist" OF this
guild in the years l47l-3 Colard Man
sion was :he dean" We see, then
that CaXton lived in literary and
book-loving community. Our particular
interests In Colard Mansion VIII APP
pear presently.
When in 1i7l or 1472 Caxton found
his hand growing "wery and not s,cd-
fast because of the labor OF transcrib.
ing copies of his ':Ilistories OF Troy"
he seems to have betaken himself to
Colard Mansion. Mansion was Il call
grapher, or professional manuscript
writer, and Judging from the fact that
he was much employed by Philip the
Good and by Louis 0f Bruges he must
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10
OUR DOMESTIC DUTIES.

Why seek more territory. when ,ve
already have at home so much un,ti-
iized' and even uninhabited? Besides
the vast arid tracts of the West. that
only need irrigation to make them the
most fertile lands within our borders.
the Government and the Pacific Rail-
road Companies still have many mill
lions OF acres, immense bodies of we'll
watered and well-timbered country.
yet untouched by the hand OF develop
n.ent and cultivation. To all this nav
be added almost an equal amount in
the hands OF individuals, who are anxl-
Gus to sell.-even our Oldest States.
and especially Virginia and other
Southern States. having much to offer.
in n genial climate. and with all the
advantages of settlement and civiliza-
ton within easy reach.
We are, in fact. land poor" already,
as nation and n people: and 1t can
hardly be land hunger" that drives us
10 ASIA TO seize the Philippine Islands.
With our 100000 or $4,000, 900 OF peo-
pie We are not so few as to feel the
need of more company, or OF charging
our family. Yet we have room here in
abundance for as many more millions;
and our rate OF increase Is such that it
takes but a few years to add more than
the population of the Philippines to
our numbers; and in peace. of kindred
races to ourselves. from the best inhab-
itants of Europe. Here are our chief
duties and interests; here are the lands
and the pnnple to improve. develop and
elevate; and IL our foreign ventures al
ready cost so much In men ana money
that we plead that outlay as q bar to
the Nicaragua Canal, the irrigation OF
our arid regions; and other home en-
terpriscs of great pith and moment.
surely We should see at once that we
have egrcgiously blundered in dis
abling ourselves for these grand do
mestic accomplishments by wandering
abroad for new fields OF distant Asiatic
lands.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10
POPULAR
STUDIES IN LITERATURE.
11-cAxroN.
THE OLD PRINTERS OF WESTMINSTER
(Concluded.)
BY JOHN EBENEZER BRYANT,
Al. A.
Toronto, Ontario.

Caxton did not at once complete the
translation of The Histories of Troy
which he had begun in March, 1869. 1t
is probable that his duties as English
governor" at Bruses were too onerous
to permit him To so on with Il work
that required time ard composure of
mind. But in a year or two later, when
he was in the lesurely service OF the
duchess of Burgundy, circumstances
were different. In March, 147l, he began
his translation again and finished IL in
September of that year. When ii was
completed he presented copy of it to
the duchess. The duchess was much
pleased with it and rewarded him
handsomely.
We are now able to trace clearly the
sequence OF events that led CaXton to
take an interest in printing and finally
to introduce the art into England
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

When he had finished his book the
Histories" he found there was a de-
mand for 1t. French was still the Ian
guage of the English court, and the
prominent language of the literature
read by EnslShmcn. But English had
come 10 be not merely the language or
the common people, but of the people
generally. Hitherto such reading mat
ter as the Histories of Troy" was un-
known in English. 1t was Il great and Il
welcome novelty 10 meet with 1t in the
language which everybody spoke. CaX-
ton seems to have had more commits
sions for his book than he could well
execute. His hand grew very and not
stedfast." His eyes became "dimed
with ovcrmoch lokyng on the whit pa
per-" He then had recourse TO Colard
Mansion.
Bruges. as before remarked. was at
that time q great center of literature
and bookmaknG. The dukes of Burgun-
dy had for several generations been lib
eral patrons of literature. Philip the
Good. who was duke from 1919 to 1867,
had been. perhaps. the most liberal pa
iron OF literature Europe had ever
known. AT Bruges, where he kept his
court, he gave continual employment to
a crowd of authors. translators. copy
lists and iluminators, who enriched his
library with their best productions"
The following description is by Il con-
temporary:
This renowned and virtuous prince
has been accustomed for many years
past to have ancient histories read to
him daily. His library surpasses all
others, for from his youth he has had
in his service numerous transatorS.
scholars. historians and scribes in var
ious countries. all diligently working.
so that now there is not q prince In all
Chrs;endom who has so varied and so
rich Il library"
In an authentic account of this
library it is said that it possessed
NEARLY 1000 works, the greater part
being magnificent folios on vellum
beautifully illuminated and bound In
velvet, satin or damask. studded with
gems and closed by gold clasps jew
eled and chased" And what is more
remarkable. several of the mobiles OF
Burgundy were patrons of literature
and of the book making art almost
equally munifccnt with their sovereign.
The library of one of these mobiles
Louis Of Bruges-was ''in the large size
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

Mckinley offers the Cuban army
$4,000 of its arrears of pay, on con-
dition that 1T disband. Some American
syndicate. 1t is alleged. has offered
$4,000, 900 to the so-called Cuban Leg
islature now in session, consisting of
Generals and Colonies OF the Cuban ar
my. but for what, and on what consid-
erations, does not yet appear. The u. S.
would be wise to take this army into
its service, and send the Americans
home. To disband the Cuban army will
only turn pest loose in the islands.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

Although it Is generally supposed that
me Dietes and Sayings OF the Philo-
SoHherS was Cations first book
printed in England, it is not positively
certain that this is so. There is some
reason for believing that book en-
Titled THE History of Jason" was car
Her than the "Dictes."
CaXton during his career as printer
IN England produced nearly 100 books.
oi these twonty-ihrec were translations
inode by himself. Most of the trans
latlohs were from the French, but one
-, i'tyhart inc FoX'-was from the
Flemish. and one-.Thc Golden I,e-
send from the Latin The
GolCen Legend" was CaXton's magnum
opus-thc most laborious as well "a
nc most extensive of all his literary
ana typographical labors." The use Of
ooaeN!s In 1t made 1t extremely ex-
pensivc and troublesome To produce.
re confesses that ne was frequently
hair desperate to have left it,"
taXtohs works published in England
ai"hc run up to more than 1900 printed
RACES nearly all Of folio size (type
page by as inches). of which more
man 1900 printed pages were his own
translations. This is a marvellous nrn-
duction for man who was probabIv
90 years Of age before he bspan tba
work at all.
me date of Caxtcns death, like that
vi ms nirth. is uncertain. But 1T is
supposed to have been about tho end of
1891. Almost up to the last day OF his
lie ,as we know from Wynken de
Wordc. he was engaged in his work OF
printing ana translating. The follow
ing is Wynken de Worde's colophon
cor END note) to Cations last trans
lated work, Vitae Patrum" ("The
Lives of the Fathers'o published after
his death:
Thus endyth the moost yertuouse
hystorye of the deuoute and right re-
nowned lyves of holy faders lyuynee
IN oeserte. worthy of remembrance to
all wei disposed persones which hath
ben translated QUITE of Frencbe into
Englisshe by William Caxton. OF West
mynstre. late deed and fynysshed at
the Taste daye of hys lyff"
Wynken de Worde succeeded to Cax-
carried on the business that CaXton
had begun. under CATIONS name. In
1893 he began to use his own name.
He had come originally from Elan
ders and it is supposed entered Cax-
tons service when quite young.
| Note-The next literature study will
include papers on "Translaton OF the
English Bible" and THE Bible as an
Element in Literature"
EXAMINATIONS AND CERTIFY
Gates.
At the end of the term of seventeen
| weeks 4 series of questions on each
course. prepared by Professor Seymour
Eaton, will be published in the Vir-
| ginian-Pil and blanks containing the
questions will be furnished every SUBJ
scriber making application for same.
Two weeks will be allowed after the
courses close for the receipt of exami-
nation papers containing answers
These papers will be referred TO
Board OF Examiners, who will assist
Professor Eaton. and as soon as the
work of examination is complete. tho
result will be reported and certificates
| issued to the students entitled to them.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

isfactorily established the fact that
Caxton's printing office was located
simply within the precincts of the alb
Dey' that Is to say, In a tenement of
to the west-southwest of the abbey
front. His house was known as tho
Red Pale" and 1t is supposed that
I'm harmony with the custom OF the
sage) he adopted shield with a rod
Dand or pale running down the CEN
ter as his sign.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

Mr.. Henry, Republican. OF Indiana,
speaking in the House, referred to Nc
knley as "our great President" 1t is
Il case of the one-eyed man amongst
the blind; or of CULVER among the Lii
liputians.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

"a Pittsburg man claims to have n
corner on eggs. Who ever heard of a
corner on an ?"-Richmond Times.
Christopher Columbus is said to have
put corner on the egg which he made
to stand on end.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

4 Kansas paper has dicovered that
the year 1899 is good one for the prin-
ters. People can't have the date print
ed on letter heads with one figure alb
sent. as 1S9-. for three figures will
change with the coming year.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

ADVERTISING RATES: ADVERTISE
ments inserted ut the rate OF Is cents n
Square. first insertion: each subsequent
insertion 40 cents. or so cents. when in
not allowed to exceed their space or I'D
vortise other than their legitimate bust
ness, except by paying especially for the
same
=, Reading Notices invariably 20 cents per
Inc hrst Insertion. Each subsequent In
sertion 10 cents.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

Ne employe OF the virg.nian-Piot Pub
ilshins Company is authorized tC contract
any obligation in tho name of the com
pany. or to make purchaser in the name
OF the same. except upon orders signed by
the PRESIDENT OF THE COMPANY.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

In order to avoid delays. on account OF
personal absence. letters and all commu-
nicati~ns for The V1RGlNlAN-PII-OT
should not be addressed TO any individual
The VIRGINIAN AND PILOT PUB
LISTING COMPANY.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

Not only do our foreign entangle
ments' cripple US for the great ma
terial tasks at home that demand our
attention, but they furnish equal excuse
for neglecting even higher concerns
that should not be overlooked by n
great popular government. Popular
education Is relegated completely to the
respective States. though the Constitu
ton Itself declares the Importance of
science and the useful arts. Public
roads, though in the earlier and better
days of the Republic prime objects OF
Federal favor are now wholly cast
aside. notwithstanding their vital value
in all commerce and intercourse. state,
Interstate and national. Even the
Militia, so constitutionally necessary to
the just protection Of the people. the
States and the Union, is fobbed off with
a beggarly pittance. as it has been for
years; and other matters OF no less con-
sequence, with constitutional and meri-
torious claims on Congress. are either
ignored. or met with the plea OF mo
money"
The rapid accumulation of the Ma
tional Debt proves the truth of the plea
of impccuniosity; STILL If that be q
valid plea against the performance of
pressing domestic duties imposed on the
United States by the Constitution and
by the position the Federal Government
holds toward the States. how Is 1t that
neither the plea, nor the duties of prior
obligation and dignity. can interpose
to hold in check the mad rush into for
eign conquest and expansion, forcible
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10
THREE CENTS PER cory.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

The vIRaINIAN-P1LoT is delivered to
subscribers by carriers in Norfolk md
Vicinity, Portsmouth. Berkeley. Suffolk.
Me:s Norfolk, Newport News. for 10
BY mall. to any place In the United
States. postage free:
DAILY, ono year $500
six months 500
thrse months l.30
ono month $50
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

PART OF y PAGE FROM THE GOLDEN LEGEND"
lPr-nted at Westminster by Notary III 1907
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-10

Notes.-The next literature study will
include papers on translation OF the
English Bible" and The Bible as an
Element in Literature"
Santa Fe new Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1898-1951, 1899-07-31

is the safest and surest remedy for all the
persistent, aggravating, wasting diseases
of the throat, bronchial tubes and lungs
that come in advance of consumption.
With it the sufferer can face about the other
way, and mount upward on the steps OF
health. 1t is a tonic, and creates hunger.
1t is an aid to digestion, and helps the wea
stomach to do its work properly. 1t brings
about the proper assimilation of food, and
thus makes the blood pure. AS the pur
blood courses through the veins, all tn
microbes and impurities disappear, an
with them the diseases which they cause
Don't take substitutes when the dealer
offers them. Substitutes for DR.. Pierce's
Golden Medical Discovery are not to be
depended D They may contain alcohol
or morphine. Golden Medical Discovery
contains neither. 1t is a temperance rem
edy. and creates no desire for strong drink
or narcotics.
II had long been a sufferer from chronic ca,
tarrh of the head =" says Chas. T. Stone, Esq, o..
Whitford, Chester Co, Pa. 1T finally developed
into a very disagreeble and hacking cough, with
soreness and fullness of the chest. Doctors her
pronounced it bronchitis. ! tried several dos
tors and took different remedies without recelv-
ing any benefit whatever. then wrote DR.. K. V.
Pierce in reference to my case. The first bottle
of his Golden Medical Discovery stopped the
cough. 1 used several bottles, with DR.. Sage's
Catarrh Remedy, and have since had no syinp-
toms of a return of the cough"
Nearly everybody is more or less constr
pated, and thus subject to the endless
chain of troubles that stubborn bowels
cause. DR.. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets cure
constipation and biliousness quickly,
without gripping.
Santa Fe new Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1898-1951, 1899-07-31

j. M. Wines has located a prospect
south of Lees peak, near A. Applegate's
old mine. He has already taken out and
shipped a car load Of ore.
SOCORRO COUNTY.
Ten stamps are running steadily, and
regular bullion shipments are being
made from the Last Chance mine and
mill in the Mogollons. One day last
week a bar Of gold and silver bullion
weighing 10 pounds was shipped.
COLFAX COUNTY.
]. Groomer, who recently located a
claim north of Hematite, abandoned by
A. Garrison about two years ago, after
driving a tunnel over $50 feet, has made
a discovery of three quartz veins with
free gold. Assays of the ore show val
ues of 500 to $50 per ton.
Richard Dillon has encountered a A.
foot vein in the Leader, near the Edi-
son, on Bitter creek.
A lead recently struck in the lower
level of the Memphis produces ore that
assays $6S a ton.
The Midnight neal Elizabethtown,
which has been shut down for two
years, is to be worked again. The mine
has 900 feet of workings, and has pro-
duced some good ore, but was closed on
account of disputes among owners