davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Newberry herald and news. (Newberry, S.C.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-18
INFORM TlON.

Trains leaving Chnrlt stOn at TOO a m and
arriving nj Coiumbiu at II0U Il N S0liu tram
between Charleston and Asheviir.
Through sleeper on train leaving Chm les.
tOli at +: Op for atlanta conn, ting at
B!nnchville with ain leaving Columbia at
As pm.
Trains leaving Co umi.il 8; 0 Il IN run snld
between Columbia e.. md u ktck IL H. York.
vile, Blncksbulg and Marion. \ T..
l.. A kMERSON, Traffic Manage,
CrnrleStOn -.
The Newberry herald and news. (Newberry, S.C.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-18
EDITORIAL CONF RIBUTORS:

Chns. w. DnbncX, Jr., Ph. d., LII. @.
EX-unitcd States Assistant Secretary
OF Agriculture, Ex-Dircctor United
Stntcs Agricultural Experiment Sta
tion in North Carolina, President
University of Tennessee and Prcsi-
dent of United States Agricultural
Experiment Station in Tennessee.
j. Is. K,lledrew, ~. NJ PHI. u.
Ex-Commissi0ncr Of Agriculture for
Tennessee. author Of "Culturc and
Curing of Tohacco' for u S. tenth
census, "TObacco Lcnf," "Shccp
'tushandry," "Wheat Growing" !"
"Grasses," and other agricultural
works.
The Newberry herald and news. (Newberry, S.C.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-18

The regular subscription price Of
Tho Southern Farm Magazine is 81
year, but we offer it and The
Herald and News together one year
Cor 50.
The Newberry herald and news. (Newberry, S.C.) 1884-1903, 1899-04-18
ATLANTIC COAST LINE !
FAST LINE
Between Charleston and Columbia,
Upper South Carolina, North Caro-.
lima, Athens and Atlanta.
Passenger DEPARTMENT.,
WILMtNGTON N. G. NOV. 20th, 1897.
CONDENSED SCfuSDIrIE

IT'D pm Nf"IIcndofNOnVIIlc n. C.IV o II oIn
100 pm Ar..."..""Ashcyi yil!e..u...Lv $50 am
tDaily.
Nos. So and So Solid trplns between Charios-
ton ana Gre nNlllG via tlhntic Coast Line,
Columbia. NcwDcrry ana Iaurcns *. II. and
Chn IcaiOn and West CarOlin4K x.
II NJ. EMENSON, Gen. Passenger Agent.
j. II. KESLY, r. 81. EM ERSON
Gonl Manager. Traffic Manager.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
PRACTICALLY AT AN END.
Strike of Manhattan and Brooklyn
Street Car Men Said to BE Over
"A Car Wrecked.

New York, July 24.-The street rail-
way strike in Manhattan borough is
practically at an end. Cars are run
ming on regular schedules and there are
no longer disturbances of order. About
20 men who struck but who are known
to have taken no part in the violent
demonstrations SO frequent during the
week returned to work Saturday morn
ing.
New York, July 24.-The street rail
way mems strike in Brooklyn is thing
Of the past. The time schedules of the
various surface railroads were Satur-
day practically restored and main
tanned through the city and suburbs.
New York, July 24.-About two
o'clock Saturday morning car on
the Rockaway Avenue line, loaded with
13 policemen, was thrown from the
track at the corner of Rockaway and
Dumont avenues. All of the police.
men, who We're en- route to Canarsie.
were more or less injured. The affair
is supposed to have been the result of
a misplaced switch. Whether this is
the result of an accident or design on
the part of the strikers is not known
at this time
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
NO SIGN OF A HALT.
Continued Progress Is Shown in the
Commercial and Industrial
I Situation.

New York. July PAR. G. Dun & Co.. In
their weekly review of trade. say: OPP
timism is always popular. but more than
MALT the time dangerous Seven years of
Mating and reaction historically follow
three of rapid progress But the three of
progress have not yet passed, and the most
cautious search discloses no sign of halt
Ing. Foreign anXieties have been real, but
seem to be passing, and Europe has begun
paying literally for more food without ex-
pectation that securities can be sent in
settlement. The extensive labor strikes
have vanished and the local do not affect
national business Fears of new and pow
erful corporations lessen as it is found that
theya are controlled by the same laws which
govern the small companies. Above all,
the general evidences of prosperity con-
tinue convincing, failures are the smallest
ever known for the season. railroad earn
tngs the largest. and solvent payments
through clearing houses in July have been
4S.6 per cent. larger than last year and 60 8
per cent. larger than in 1892 the best of
previous years. Official returns of the
most wonderful year in the nations com
merce show decrease of $50, 1900, GOO in
value of the great staples exported, large
" owing to prices. but an increase of about
$4,000 in other exports. mostly manufac-
lures.
Failures for the week have been l45 in
Hne United States, against 207 last year,
and 70 IN Canada, against II last year"
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
cranks Tronb,e Not.r,s.

Prominence brings with it all kinds
of trouble, the biggest of which Is the
annoyance from cranks. During Vie
toria's long reign she has been pur-
sued by these Missionaries. The most
noted crank who ever bothered Eng
lands queen was man, or boy, nam
ed Jones. He stuck at nothing to find
out as much as possible about her ma
jesty. He was always appearing in the
most unexpected places and managed
to slip into the palace times without
number. Once he was discovered un-
der the table in sitting room and
ANONYMOUSLY elected -Four times was
he taken to jail before he disappeared
for good.
Four men did their best to induce
Victoria to marry them. both before
and after she became the bride of
Prince Albert. One of these followed
her footsteps for year and another
walked all the way from Scotland to
Windsor to prove his devotion.
The cranks who bother the prince of
Wales most always want some reform
of the law. He is good-natured, al
ways listens to them, takes their writ
ten petitions and promises to read
them. His courtesy is unfailing.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
Four Men killed.

Akron, o., July 24.-Four men were
buried alive under 400 tons of clay in a
bank at the Buckeye Sewer Pipe com
pany. east of Akron Saturday. The
dead are: Daniel Callahan, Andrew
Ploasky, an unknown onlooker, and an
unknown German. The fall was SO
sudden that the men had no chance to
escape. The clay fell 40 feet and the
bodies must be crushed. A large nun.
Der of laborers were put to work i'm
mediately to recover the remains.
There is no reason assigned for the ac-
cident, as there had been no blasting,
and an examination made Friday
showed everything safe. A great crowd
Immediately gathered and Tended
assistance in digging for the unfor-
tunate victims.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
THE RACE POSTPONED.
lumbin and Defender Saturday
Reason Not Assigned.

Newport, r. L., July 24.-After night
of expectancy among the yachtsmen it
was announced by Mr.. G. Oliver Iselin
that there would be no race between Co.
lumbia and Defender Saturday. The
reason for the change in plan was not
given. The broken link of the main
sheet blocks on Defender was re-
placed Saturday morning and three
new blocks also were sent down from
the Herreschoff's works at Bristol
They were all in place early and Capt
Rhoads at eight o'clock announced that
as far as he was concerned Defender
was read for race.
The two yachts may meet again
on Tuesday although it is possible that
they will not race until next Saturday.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
MAY NEED MORE SURGEONS.
of OTIS Army-Thrce Thousand
Men in Hospital.

Manila, via Hong-Kong, July "a
Chief Surgeon Woodruff considers that
the increase in the military force in
the Philippine islands will necessitate
the employment of 40 additional sur
geons. Surgeon Woodhull's recon-
mendation to that effect has been dis
approved by Maj. Gen. E. S. Otis. com
manding the United States forces here
There are nearly 5000 soldiers in
hospital. The official report last week
showed 1900 in hospital in Manila, and
there are several hundred at San Fer
nando and other garrisons. There are
also 275 sick in quarters in Manila. The
regimental surgeons report that large
numbers of soldiers on duty are unfit
for service.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
WANT TO COME HOME.
A Thousand Miners Are stranded in
the Kotzebuc District-Need
Government Help.

Seattle, Wash, July 24.-From the
steamer Brunswick passengers, just ar
rived here from Alaska, it is learned
that passenger is on his way from
Kotzebue sound, to Washington, ID. c.,
in behalf of 1000 miners said to be
stranded in the Kotzebue district. He
will ask the government to send rev.
enue cutters to Kotzebue sound and he
is provided with proof that unless gov
eminent help is given many lives will
be lost. One thousand two hundred
people went into the Kotzebue country
well outfitted for the search for gold.
Two hundred succeeded in getting over
the snow last winter. Many died EN-
route. There are now nearly 1000 peo-
pie on the shore of the sound waiting
for chance to come home. No mer-
this year and the whalers which call
in there for fresh water will not take
passengers. If the miners had the
means of getting home it is doubtful
if they could buy their passage. Many
of them have been sick with scurvy and
are going to float down the several
streams running into the sound with
the intentionof waiting for government
help.
New York, July 24.-George E. Rob-
erts, director of the mint, called at the
local assay Office recently. In discuss
ing the output of gold from the Zion
dixie country, Mr.. Roberts said: eve
1,oyo o1rood1, ,.ooa;rad Gu mn nnn ;D
gold from the Klondilie this calendar
year. That is as much as last years
entire receipts from that region
amounted to, and from information re-
ceived from leading buyers of bullion
I believe that this years total yield
will reach $1S,oOo,o0O or $2o,OO0,ooo.
This gold goes first to San Francisco
or Seattle. OF that which is sent to
San Francisco large amount goes to
private refineries first and then to the
mint. There has been steady move
ment of such gold in this direction,
and most of this years yield will reach
this city, unless expanding business
employs it on the coast, AS the pro-
duction of gold in the west, especially
at San Francisco, supplies any increase
in the demand for local use, it is safe
to say that large part of the Klondike
yield will reach New York. The state
of Washington is coming to be one of
the large producers, and Oregon is also
increasing its product. We shall have
all the gold we need in these parts this
year, and in addition to that we shall
no doubt be able to supply the metal
to any one else who desires to purchase
it.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
TO ABOLISH STRIPES.
augurnte n Grading system in
Iowa Prisons.

Preparations are being made by the
Iowa state board of control to inaugH-
rate limited grade system at the state
penitentiaries. This system provides
for the substitution of gray and plaid
suits for the prison stripes upon condi-
tions and the granting of additional
/, privileges to convicts the conduct of
whom warrants. 1t is called a grade
system because the granting Of the
privileges both as to color of suits and
other matters, such as writing letters,
receiving email and receiving visitors, de-
ponds upon the conduct of the convicts,
which is determined by careful reg
ord kept by the warden. The board of
control is now preparing the estimates
for the new uniforms.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
BIG EpwoRTH LEAGUE DAY.
apolis, Hold Large and Enthusi-
astic Meetings.

Indianapolis, Ind, July "a. - Satur.
day was the big day of the Epworth
league convention. Every minute Of
time was occupied by regular sessions
in committee meetings, beginning with
three sunrise prayer meetings. The reg.
istration bureau was closed Friday
night at which time 5000 arrivals had
been noted, but it is conceded that a.,
900 visitors thronged the city Saturday
Junior league meetings were held in
Roberts park and Meridian Street
Methodist churches Saturday morning.
The regular convention sessions began
at nine o'clock. The same topics were
spoken upon in three separate meet
ings.
"Methodism-It's Evangelical Gent
u.s." was discussed by Rev. w. A. Spen-
Ger, Philadelphia; Rev. Claudius B
Spencer, Denver, and Rev. H. G. Hender.
son, Parkersburg, w. Va.
"Methodism-It's Breadth and Cath.
olicity," was discussed by Rev. 81
Shorey, Peterboro, Ont; Rev. w. P.
Thirkield, Atlanta, Ga, and DR.. Frank
NJ. North, New York. Methodist Phil
anthropy," was the subject of addresses
by Rev. II. ]. Chreitzberg, Charlotte, N.
c., and Rev. j. w. Graham, Toronto.
"Methodism and Educational Leaders, .
by Prof. r. S. Copeland, Ann Arbor,
Mich; Rev. F. L. Osborn, Bay City,
Mich, and Rev. j. II. Riddell, Winnipeg,
Man. "Woman's Work in Methodism''
was the subject of an address by Mrs,
Lucy Rider Meyer, Chicago.
Rev. James Atkins, Nashville, Tenn.
and Rev. Frank Gary, Galveston, Tex.
delivered addresses on present Sun
day School Achievements" THE Tween.
tieth Century Movement" was dis
cussed by Bishop Charles B. Galloway
Jackson, Miss, and Rev. T. M. Mills,
Elmira, N. Y. j. j. MacLaren, Toronto,
and Rev. F. N. Upham, Westfeld, Mass,
spoke on 1.-THE Young Peoples Move
ment."
At the afternoon session of the con.
vention Rev. F. A. Cassidy, Guelph.
Ont, presided in the tent, and Rev
DR.. Reed, of Illinois, in Tomlinson Hall
and Rev. DR.. Bennett, Montana, at the
Opera house. Rev. Luther Freeman
Portland, Me-, and Rev. w. B. Beau.
champ, Richmond, Va, spoke on "Ele.
ments of Christian Alanliness." SIN
tegrity in Daily Life" was the subject
of addresses by Rev. H. C. Jennings
Chicago, and Rev. j. D. Chavis, Greens.
boro, N. c. Rev. NJ. B. Chapman, Louis
vile, and Rev. C. B. Taylor, Blooming
ton, Ill.,, discussed the Civic Duty OF
the Christian"
Rev. James M. Hawley, Hot Springs
Ark, and Rev. j. B. Albrook, Mount
Vernon, Ia, defined ''Filial and Parent
al Duties" The "Obligations of the
Citizen to the Church" was demon.
strated by H. A. Schroeder, Covington
KY, and John A. Patton, Chattanooga
Tenn. "The Citizen and the Common
School, was the topic of an address by
Rev. J. M. King, Philadelphia.
Addresses followed on the same topic
by James L. Hughes, Toronto, and Rev.
]. H. Mccoy, Huntsville, Ala. Evan
gelistic meetings in the tent and Tom
linson hall completed the afternoon
program.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
SAID GRACE BY LOT.
somehow It Lacked the solemnity Usual
" Given to It.

"A1y wife and agree on everything
but religion" said Mr.. Smith the other
day. II don't mean to say that We
quarrel over that, for we do not. My
folks We're strict Methodists, and l
was brought up along the lines Of that
faith, and have never felt like adopt
ing new one. On the other hand,
my wife's folks We're Baptists, and my
wife was brought up clinging to that
religious rock. When we were mar
ried we agreed to allow each others
religious beliefs to continue as they
had been, the results being that we
have alternated our attendance be-
tween the two denominations. The
other day while 1 was on my way
home for the evening CHANGED to
meet my minister. / gave him cor.
dial invitation to 60 home with me and
have dinner, IN invitation that he ac-
cepted with pleasure.
Now it CHANGED that my wifes
minister had been paying late after
noon visit at my house, and my wife
had asked him to stay and take din
ner, when he would have chance to
meet me. He accepted, and when we
arrived we found him in the drawing
room with my wife. I saw at once
that my wife was uneasy about some
thing, but it didn't strike me what the
matter was until we were taking our
seats at the dinner table and noticed
my wife biting her lips. Then 1t
dawned upon me that she was unable
to solve the problem Of asking one Of
the ministers to say grace without Of
Tending the other.
Ihere was an awkward pause for q
moment, and then my little boy, who
is going on 6, grasped the situation,
and, half rising in his chair, he moved
his finger rapidly around the table, re-
citing at the same time that childish
jingle used by children in counting
out, and going like this:
'Eny meme miny mo,
Catch niger by the toe.'
He ended by pointing his finger at
the minister sitting across the table
and shouted: You're itn
"The reverend gentleman accepted
the decision and sad grace, but ii
lacked the solemnity usually given to
it"--New York ssa.
-----s.s.-s.s-s.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
Smack of the Emerald Isle.

Mrs. Brownjohn-"Good gracious
Bridget! What is that dreadful patel
of oil on the carpet?"
Bridget-"Shure ma'am, an it's that
basic of lamp!"
Mrs. Brownjohn-"Did you upset it
them
Bridget-That didn't ma'am.
just turned it down, as you told me
ma'am, before blowin' it out. an shure
there must have been somethin' gone
quare with the top av 1t, for the oil
came pourin' out on the floor, just as
you see it, rna'am!'
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
Adhere to EiEht-Hour Demand,

Denver, Col, July 24.-An attempt
was made this morning to reopen the
Globe smelter, the old schedule of 10
and IL hours being maintained in all
departments, and wages increased ten
per cent. Very few of the former en-
ployes applied for work, the smelter
mems union having voted to adhere to
the eight hour proposition. The state
board of arbitration will endeavor to
bring about an agreement between the
smeiter men and the managers of the
trust smelters
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
avy Opposes Hawaiian Harbor

Washington. July a4.-Although the
last river and harbor bill contained an
appropriation for the Improvement of
the mouth of Pearl harbor, ua.
waiian islands, SO that vessels could
enter, nothing will be done about car
rying the act of congress into effect.
The determination was reached by the
secretary of war upon the request of
the naval authorities. 1t is deemed
best not to make these improvements
until the department has acquired land
for d naval station Ia the harbor.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
May Meet Austrian Emperor.

New York, July pa dispatch to
the World from Trieste says that at a
dinner given by United States Minister
Harris to Admiral Dewey and the Off
GERS OF the Olympia to meet the Ameri-
can consuls in Austria-Hungary Fri
day night Mr.. Harris formally invited
the admiral to be his guest for few
days at Vienna, and then for presenta-
ton to Emperor Francis Joseph at
Bishel, where the emperor is staying,
and finally in the Tyrol.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
IOWA STATE NEWS
REAL ESTATE TAXES.
Returns In Hands of the Auditor
Shows n Reduction of Four Per
Cent. in the Assessment.

Returns in the hands of the auditor
of state from the counties Of Iowa on
the assessment of real estate show a
reduction of about four per cent. This
means total reduction in the state
of not to exceed $20,ooO,Ooo. Following
is table giving the actual value per
acre of land as fixed by the assessors of
the different counties of the state this
year and the total assessed valuation of
all the real estate of the counties:
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25

Baltimore, Md, July 24.-Mr. Richard
II. Edmonds has returned from New
York, where he assisted in the organi.
cation of the Alabama Consolidated
Coal and Iron company. Speaking of
the new enterprise, Mr.. Edmonds said
that the company was organized Satur-
day under New Jersey charter. The
capital is $5,0OO,O 900, of which it is said
s2,5oo,OoO is cumulative seven per cent
preferred stock and $2,50o,OOO common
stock
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
The Homconntha.

The twentieth annual convention of
the Central Homeopathic association,
composed of the counties of Dubuque,
Jones, Benton, Linn, Black Hawk,
johnson, Cedar and NIuscatine, was
held in Cedar Rapids. A number of
subjects of interest to the physicians
were discussed. Officers for the en-
suing year We're elected as follows:
President, DR.. A. c. Tenny, Mount Ver-
non; vice president, DR.. Bertha Lily,
Marion; secretary and treasurer, DR..
r. III. Gray, Anamosa.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25

jackson, Miss, July "a Returns
from the primaries held in Mississippi
prove beyond question that Gov. Nc
Laurin will be the next United States
senator from Mississippi. Up to the
present time McLaurin has SO instruct
ed votes to his credit and only 80 are
necessary to elect. A recapitulation of
the counties that are yet to hold their
primaries give assurance that McLaurin
is certain of 1s more votes and has a
fighting chance in eight counties that
are considered by the conservative as
doubtful.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
BRAVE MEN DROWNED.
Two Lives Lost in nm Attempt te
Save Third Mt Fire
Beach, N. "

New York, July 24.-After a terrific
struggle in the surf, Jack Hogan, a
life-saver at Fire Island Beach, Fire
Island, N. Y, lost his life late Friday
in attempting to rescue Adelbert G.
Hubert, newspaper correspondent,
from drowning.
Howard Bayliss, of Crawford, N. j.,
almost lost his life while assisting Ho-
gan. He, too, risked his life freely to
save that of stranger.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
A big Saving.

Des Moines, Ia, July 24.-The state
board Of control closed its first year
of control of the Iowa institutions July
1. Its financial statement, just issued,
shows it has saved over 100000 on the
conduct of the nine institutions in its
charge, as compared with former years.
Despite reductions in appropriations
amounting to 100000, the board has
kept within its means and has $4,000
to it's credit at the end of the year.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
No SenlinnrY.

Archbishop Hennessey, owing to his
advancing years and recent sickness,
has decided not to undertake the com
pletion of the seminary in Dubuque,
for which the foundation has been laid,
but will erect a mother house for the
sisters of the Holy Ghost out of his own
means, and a bequest left by his
brother, d. J. IIennessey.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
seven Transports Chartered,

Washington, July 24.-The quarter
masters department has chartered
seven vessels for the transportation of
horses to the Philippines. They are the
Siam, City of Sydney and Aztec of San
Francisco, the Athenian, Victoria, Gar
rome and Port Albert of Seattle.
These vessels will carry .all the horses
desired for the Philippine service at the
present time. Gen. Otis has been di-
rected to complete "A skeleton cavalry
regiment if he deems it proper.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
Heir to n Fortune round.

1t is discovered that John Lynch, Of
Waterloo, is the heir of William Lynch,
the Kenosha ONis.) centenarian, who
died leaving an estate valued at over
$4,000. With his sister he shares the
fathers fortune. The sister is Mrs.
Sarah Hannah, who lived with her
father, and was made eNecutriX of his
will. Her brother left the Wisconsin
town, and she had not heard from him
in more than "a years until reporter
located him and informed him OF his
good luck. Lynch is an iron molder
and poor.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
Oldest TrnveIing Man.

Mr.. A. w. Fleming, probably the old
est travelling salesman in the United
States, arrived in Dubuque from Lo-
gan, Utah, on visit. Mr.. Fleming,
now sS years of age, has been on the
road over so years. He is still member
oftheDubuqueT Travelling Men'sassocia-
ton. Notwithstanding his many years
he is hale and hearty.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-07-25
A Hot Day,

Pierre, S. d., July 24.--Friday was
the hottest day of the season. the GOV.
eminent record showing maximum of
1o3 at three O'Clock p. M Hot winds
are blowing from the south, and unless
relief comes soon small grain is likely
to be badly damaged.