davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01
LESSON OF THB CARRIAGE.
Result Of Manufacture on n Large and
Monopolisiio Scale.

fFCiH ne T"iiln dfl" ~ journal.
In no h.ld Of production have American skin. On
'erprise and ingenuity been more fully displayed
than In the deN elor Of the manufacture OF car
riagcs In 10 luo ~ production has the factory
system more fully demonstraed its superouty
Iuy years ago carriages were made mostly. II not
entirely by hand IN small shops tcsttered over the
country. IN which from six to twenty men wore en-.
plJyrd. For lahorsAvlng machinery there vera a
few saw. and the lathe. Al other WORK done by
hand. Fifty year, ago there were few carriages in
the country the farm wagon, made in tho village
shop, with wooden hIles as often as with iron
heavy and unwisldly. WAS the vehicle Tho chai.c.
or tho pleasure carriage. as II called. th.
luxury ofih very well to do. EVENT. the roads had
permitted their use they were costly that pooplo
ot moderate mean. could not own them. And say
what will At election time. tho people who have
means Ia pure Rs. now much larger part Of tho
Who'll" than nit Yeas ago.
Nut ths hand made carriage would have pre-
clulcd its general use. a. II is used to-day, both
". ause tho people would not he able to purchase
aud the output would be insufficient II was the de-
veiorm.nt Of tho factory system In tho msnufac-
tugr Of carriages as in the manufacture OF all the
and convenience Of life. In tho factory
system capital invention and skill meet and out Of
tho cooperation comes new product with . reduced
price.
A better carriage can lie furnished to day for $50
than could be made fnr $40 under the old method
The carriage a. $i'o was tho luxury OF tho welto-
do the carriage At $50 is tn" necessity Of all who
1.-Two outside NJ cities and " many inside Brains in
vcnton. capital and sShl have made immense car
rage factories here and there. and these immense es
adjustments alone make cheap and good carriages
possible.
There arc those who dcplore these extensive e.tab-
lishments. They bemoAn the good old DAYS when q
mans work for six months represented tho making
Of . carriage and that carriage was luxury. They
foar the result NJ that development which has com.
bned half dozen factores into one. with q largo
number Of men. Men lose their individuality and
the wcakeSt are driven to tho wall. This may DO
true In = certain sense But II tn. development of
tho factory system has done this, II has given better
wages to many more men. permansnce to an indus.
try, aud cheap and GOOD carriages 70 the people.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01
The Removal of Officers by the Gov.
ernOr,

| The Constitution of the State OF New
| York in Section Of Article Y. provides for
| the election Of Sheriff. Clerks OF counties
| District Attorneys and Registers in counties
| having Registers. 1t fixes tho terms OF
Office and declares Shcrns to be ineligible
! for two successive terms. The last clause
| Of the section cited reads as folows:
Tho Governor may remove any officer In
| this section mentioned. within the term for which
he shall have been elected. giving To such Officer
copy Of tine charges against him and nm oppor.
| tunity OF being heard in his defence"
! II must he under this constitutional pro-
vision that the action OF Governor RoosE-
GARDINER, the present District Attorney
OF the county OF New York.
There Is another section of the Constitu.
! ton which authorizes the removal of
District Attorney by tho Governor. but
that is only for failure to prosecute per-
sons charged with n violation of the pro-
visions Of Article XIII. against bribery and
corruption.
The power to remove District ATTORNEYS
existed under the Constitution OF 1916 be-
fore its revision by the Convention Of tS9I.
The power, however, has very seldom been
exercised. In 1888 Governor CLEVELAND
removed BENJAMIN W. DOWNING from the
office OF District Attorney OF Queens
county for receiving money to aid in
the prosecution OF murder case. 1t
seemed to many persons who were neither
personally nor politically friendly to Mr..
DOWNING that the case against him was
not made out with that coScncy of proof
which should be required by the Governor
before disgracing public officer by con-
domination which tho defendant has no
opportunity to take before any judicial
tribunal for review
It's not too much to say that to justify
removal in such cases the proof should
establish the misconduct Of the officer a.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01
The Big Thing.

Here are four limos that describe the politl-
cal situation to every voter 8 accurately
and wildly as four columns could:
ITO 1ux Enron or TEE sux-sfr; Tho business
man wants business left alone. A marked victory
for the Republican tickets this fall IL the only way
TO avoid uncertainty next year. Uncertainty meaus
business disturbance. EALrH BurLEn."
"PirrsBuRG, Oct. 10.
We would persuade no man to vote against
his principles. Whoever thinks that free
silver is a crime crying for atonement be-
fore every other national necessity, let him
vote for Organism wherever he finds it.
We remind thinkers OF that class. however,
that Mr. BRYAN has given no recent evil
dence OF entertaining such an opinion.
Whoever. convinced that anti-impcrialism
Is the great principle. believes that the
President should withdraw the United
States troops from territory made part Of
the United States by act OF Congress, or
presumes to formulate on his own authority,
scheme Of government for people engaged
In nsurrection in that territory-he can
vote the Democratic ticket with his own
peculiar conscience clear. But no ro-
sponsible Bryanite dare openly maintain
either proposition.
iI'' ludn fhliSll''l lIHl the dDOllllOn OF
trusts Is more important than the pres
ervation Of business activity, however
great will. when voting for Organism, get
no criticism from The SUN other than n
suggestion "a to his feebleness Of mind.
He mustn't forget, however, that the
business of condcmning trusts is now
pretty shaky, even in Democratic circles
People ready to rush in and vote for
Democratic candidates on these grounds
are tho irreconcilables, the cranks. They are
not in the majority in the United States.
No other kind Of men, though. could have
the face to deny the soundncss Of the argu-
ment fer Republican success advanced by
our correspondent In Pittsburg.
Republican triumph in the year 800
should he as great as the Nations ire
mcndous flood OF prosperity.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01

clearly as Is required In criminal prosecu-
lions. A removal, through the exercise OF
the Governors constitutional authority
In this respect, should not be sought
lightly, carelessly, or upon grounds which
have no better foundation than personal
dislike or political prejudice. To institute
such a proceeding. except for public
reasons OF grave character. Is to do a So
rious injury to the officer against whom the
charges are made and to impose upon the
Governor tho burden OF an investigation
which he should not be called on to make.
The procedure In removal cases which
come before the Governor Is now pre-
scribed by tho statute known as the
Public Officers law. The Governor may
take the evidence himself or direct that
IL be taken before Justice OF the Supreme
Court, a County Judge or specially
appointed commissioner. The usual
practice has been to appoint promi-
nent lawyer to act in the latter capacity.
The statute also provides that the
Governor may designate tue Attorney
General or tho District Attorney Of the
county in which tho officer proceeded
against resides to conduct the examina-
tion into the truth Of the charges alleged
as ground for such officers removal. II
any one Is thus appointed, where the pro-
ceedlng Is against District Attorney, It
must needs DO the Attorney General.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01
A constitutional Amendment Proposed
to Make borrowing Easier.

Three proposed amendments to the State
Constitution arc to be submitted to the
voters for ratification in November. As to
two OF them there has been little con-
trOversy. One prc-cribes n method whereby
the Governor may, on demand, relieve the
calendar OF the Court Of Appeals when over
crowded. The second provides means for
terminating III" existence Of Boards of
Supervisors in those counties Wherein by
reason Of municipal consolidation, they are
no longer necessary. Tho third and nor
haps most important provision relates 70
proposed amendment concerning which
Comptroller Golfer, az financial officer OF
the city, has deemed It dosirahl" to issue
formal statement
At the date OF the consolidation Of other
territory with New York, the gross munich
pal, county and township debt Of the whole
territory was S227, i53, 800, or within
$4,000, 900 of the debt borrowing capac-
ity Of the city, At present, through the
increase OF real estate valuations, the total
valuation is $500, 900, 900 larger than
on Jan. /, 1898. There has been sople
increase in the debt, too, but MS the Comm
troller points ont, tn" city il now within
s22 200, 900 OF the limit, and the adopt ion
OF the amendment would add $40, OOO. 900
TO its borrowing capacity.
The proposed amendment enables a City
(which includes within its boundaries more
than one county" to disregard, for purpose
OF collaborating, the county bonds issued
prior to consolidation.
The adoption ~ this amendment would.
M the Comptroller declares, 50 add to the
borrowing powers Of the city that instead
OF a margin OF S22 900 900 for bonds there
would now b" margin of So, 600, 900.
He announces that this amendment has
been adopted by two successive Leglsla-
lures, the representatives of both parties
voting for 1t, and that II is now TO be sub
mittcd to the people for final approval
That argument for its excellence or desira-
bility however Is misleading Legislators
do not necessarily approve an alteration in
the Constitution which they vote to submit
To the voters. A. recently ~ / 500 the
proposed Constitutional amendment for the
alienation of portion of the State forest
preserve. which had been adopted by n
majority In both branches OF two successive
Legislatures, when submitted to the voters
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01

49, American Citizens Petition Secretary
Hay for the Minister'S Removal.

New ORLEANS. La. Oct 3l-The petition
signcd by i3l American citizens. resident IN
Central America. addressed - Secretary Hay.
and asking him TO remove the Hon. W. Godfrey
Hunter United States Minister 20 Guate.
maa. reached here to-day. The petitioners COM
plain that they have teen driven TO the verge
OF bankruptcy by the failure OF Minister HUI
ter TO protect them that they have been thrown
into prison ard subjected 10 all manner OF
humiliation without securing from him tho
slightest relief or even satisfaction. The fall
ure OF Minister Hunter 10 attributed to the re-
latons which exist between him and the Cow
eminent ~ Guatemala. which II is charged.
make it impossible for any American to EeNura
Justice from hun. The petitioners offer -
Hunter ia Involved in various Guatemal'aE
schemes. that he ia UNIT TO represent ths
United states there or to protect American
citizens.
The petition is signed 10y Americans from
various states in the Mon, ana II salIsgoi
that II would have received 1000 signatures.
but for intimidation. The sErerintAndent -
posted notice signed by m" Govsrror OF 'ha
department announcing that by order ~ me
President ~ the republic any American am
p,nyee OF the railroad signing the petition
against Minister Hunter would be discharged
~ once. The supernt"n."n'. {. T. Watson
the auditor. A. Il. Greelv. and the master me-
chnnir and agent at Xacapa were discharged
obey this order. An American agent ~ that
Government also gave notice that any Amer.
can signing the petition against Hunter would
be run out OF Guatemala,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01

both parties, and since the Spanish War
made his constituents blush for him.
The Chairman OF the Vermilion County
Republican Committee says that the Repub-
licans OF that county would be glad to have
BILLY resign. The Rdnkdkee Times cheer
fully informs him that I" II he should re-
sign 1t would be the best thing he has done
since he has been Senator" And so on in
town after town and county after county.
II BILLY was eager to know what the ILL
nois Republicans think OF him, he must
bewall that eaRerness They don't believe
that he means to resign; they arc mighty
anxious to have him resign; they beg him
TO resign now and not wait until 1900; and
they are absolutely sure that II no will only
be obliging enough to step out he will have
to stay out. The Illinois Republicans are
expansionists and they are utterly dis
gusted with BILLY.
Here Ia a specimen despatch from the col
lection OF tributes which BILLY Ia amassing:
"Lxwnrows. Oct 27.--Ths Hon. W. f MAsoS.
Chicago We, tho aned Repu blicsns OF Lewis
town. Ill. who supported you for United Statss
Senator respectfully urge that You resign At once
and not wait for action OF the National Convention.
We believe that your resignation would be received
with reclamation OF delight by Republicans every.
where II would certainly be tho most pop
ulAr thing you have done since you were elected
Senator"
In the language Of the classics, BILLY
has thrown his bluff" The Illinois Re
publicans have called" him firmly and
ioyously.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01
How Only DIR. Savage Can Know.

To THE EpIToR or THE SuS-S,r: Like
somebody 10 The Heavenly Twins" the Rev
DR. Minot J. Savage wants to know. He wants
to know:
|, How he would know an inisllibe author
ity. even II hs should sac one. By faith.
Doctor.
., Would It he by process o. reasoning g?
Oh. no. The Church which Christ founded on
earth will never degenerate into a society OF
subtle rsasoners. som ething in the nature OF n
close corporation OF higher critics. No. indeed.
Doctor: the knowledge may come with or with
out reasoning. as It came to ST. George Mivart
Agassi2. Lord Kelvin. Pastour and Gladstone.
and as 1t comes TO the humb lcst peasant OF
Catholic brittany. But IL never comes by
reasoning. only by the grace OF God.
=. II so THAT is. II II came by reasoning
would not reason he in such n case the nnal
court OF appenlT II 80. 1t would: but it is
4. Y he does not sot,l. the, question by rea-
90 oGh v thso i"%s, ns " i Tor N" Tens2n
po9tor, anyway. You could only know It by
Gods settling It fer you; and 1 yGn1@! DO a
employ the word reason" in two Different
.ssnsss IL one sentsncer II Is apt to confuse
not intend to confuse any one. The question.
,hsInt, should be; II he doe. not know an in.
cess Of reasoningl. then must he not know il
ground or CAUSE OF belief)'I No. doctor, A few
there are sti who know it. not by reason but
by fnth and yet not without reason Tor their
faith.
3, II he settles 1t that is. II he knows IT.
without reason Icause or ground Of belion
then what reason has he for settling II one way
rather than some other The Doctor cannot
N ean that there are two in'allihle authorities
he must moan what reason for know ing where
M n. ,nialIiS,e AUTHORITY j. 70 he fonnIl In
know how. u he attains to n knowledge OF an
inialllple authority without, cause for his he e
llei what cause has lie for believing in his in
,anlole authority 1t would certainly be hard
An infalIible authority may be known
Mithout reasoning. hut not without reason.
s Must the ,,sson be IN the mind Of the
Dr. Savage knows that "whosoey.r shall not
receive the Kingdom Of God ne a littIs child he
shall n no wise enter therein" 1t is hard
count ha knowledge-ogic and all that the
harder u 70, DR. Savage will probably On it
Cardinal Newman had faith. and he wrote this
reason; 1t is a ,nrm assent; it is a clear GER r.
tanty. Greater than any other certainty. and
thls Is wrought in the mind by tho Grace OF
ligion do not compel amy one to beIieve Faith
10 the consequence OF willing t. believe. II re-
qures no act OF iaith to assent to the truth that
!wo ana Two maI"iour; we cannot lslp assent
ing 70 ~ hut there II merit in believing that
me thurrh Is from God cor in knowing an in
ialllb'e authority whom ono secs III. for though
there are abundant reasons 70 prove it to us,
yet We can without an absurdity. quarrel with
the conclusion we may complain that II Ia not
clearer. we may suspend our assent, we may
turn a bad will into good one" ~"
so, Doctor II you W III, you will. and II you
NEW YOaK. Oct. 30. ""' L 7. W.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01
Tho Admiraps Marriage.

The Hon. REDFIELD PROCTOR, reputed
keeper and pilot OF the alleged Dewey
Presidential BOOM" recently answered q
note addressed to him from tho 81 Johns
bry Republican in this wise:
"Nsr 10 II true that an trying to start . Dewey
boom. Ihsd understood we'll from various sourcss
before he reached America that the Admiral did moi
purpose TO be drawn into politics and he has msds
this statement so freely since he landed that pup
pore II must be generally understood. some news
paper statements to the contrary Notwithstanding =
Until recently Senator PROCTOR. as the
senior Senator OF the State OF DEWEY
birth. might reasonably have been regarded
as the engineer-in-chief in a Dewey move
ment, II such thing existed. But II he had
this occupation, it is now gone. Admiral
DEWEY has succeeded in arranging for
guide and counsellor Of another sort,
and PRocroR Ia out Of It.
The Admiral will soon be married, IA the
newspapers Of yesterday announced. He is
about to submit to higher power than
any mere politician. and what sort OF n
public policy will arise out of his new
domestic circumstances no one can pre-
sumo to predict.
Congratulations are in order, regardless
OF Senator PRocroR or the future. The
country that few weeks ago cried out one
great and enthusiastic welcome to DEWEY
rs the hero of Manila. rejoices at the news
that he has returned to find personal hap
piness In his home. And may we be per-
mitted on this occasion to ask that our
Fluctuations be extended respectfully to
the expectant brde2
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01
Road Map for Tam many.

To THE EDITOR or rHE suS-Mr; VIII you per.
nit for publication. brief Anaysis Of tho vote 10
be cast At the pending election
Based on tho present registration Of 2s8, 600 the
vote. dcducting thu usual percentage OF dep quonts
will, in round numbers he 255.00o. OF this on a
low estimate the Republicans who poled ll2 900
votes last year should east at least so 900 votes this
year. The Citizens Union. having separate column
on tho ballot. ought to poll at least 10000 Tho
independent Labor party. which has also separate
column. will surely. at very low estimate. poll
10000. THIS aggregate anti.TammAuy vote foots
up 10000, leaving 900 to be cast by TammAny,
the Socialists. PrchibitonSts. Ac.
Estimating the Socialists and nsts' vote
at ",ooo-H low estimate. having polled nearly
10000 last yeAr-this leaves for TlmmAny only
l2l 900 votes. '
Looking NJ these figures. which. so far ~ the op.
position to Iammkny 10 concernod, are based on eI
tremcly low calculations, II would seem as though
TAmmsny had n hard Dad to travel. OBSERVER
NFw NoRk. Oct. 81. 1897.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01

To THE EprroR or THE SuN.-Sr; The
circular OF n Baptist minister OF Columbus.
Ohio. printed in to-day's SrN. may be an illus
tratlon OF the new-'angled ways OF money
getting preaching" but 1t also suggests an
ideal ministry a ministry devoted to tho
theology and religion Of u dead past. but II
morality. altruistic In its very nature. social.
universal. Religion is sehshness. a conIidera-
ton OF ones own happiness and a looking for
ward to n vague something In the skies: mo-
rality IL founded upon Il regard for others and
IL a striving after tho good and true In tho
world here below. OF religion the world has
had too muoh oi morality too itts
DOES NOT the clNlIiHatlOn OF to-day require q
ministry devoted to universal inquiry COM
proh"nsiye. giving from week q week TO those
who tot! and build the modest thoughts OF
man ind-a m nistry stripped q! dogmatic
theology nnd false sacredness. purely ethical.
WORK ing Tor humanity 1t is possihle that the
world has had too many priests and prophets
ard OF scholars. thinEers. ministers devoted TO
universal knowiclg" and attainment not
enough. And II may 10 that the ideal M nistry
the "up-to-date eligion.". Il you like, is that
which discoses tho beautiful and intellectual
and moral in every part OF human life. and
that II Ia the highest kind Of worship fter all
BRooKLIN. Oct. 80, A o. d.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01
THE TASK IN PORTO RICO.
Much Must he Done, Says Gen. Davis, Re
fore Sslf-GoyerHmonti IL Possible.

WARRINGTON. Oct. 31.-Ths annual report OF
Department OF Porto Rico was received at the
War Department to-day. In IL he SAYS:
There are many changes in the methods OF
administration and in judicial procedure that
must be made and reforms matured before
the Inhabitants Of Porto Rico should be vested
with the powers and rcspons Utilities OF self
government Now but q small part OF the In
habtants can read and write. Some estimate
the ratio as low as from 10 to 10 per cent.
As respects illiteracy tho proportion here can
not be materially different to what II was
among the native New MeIicans when that
territory was annexed to the United States in
1S47. Although half a century has elapsed
since Gen. kearny promulgated u civil code
was authorized in 1850. this territory has
not yot secured from Congress recognition
q It's capacity fer state Government
nntion OF their aspirations tho Porto Hicans
may demonstrate than that Of the New Next
terriioriai aHtoSomv ,or Poptn hicn do not
expect. and IL would. think. be disastrous to
the best interests Of the Island,
am happy to say that 80 far the people OF
the Island have givon me. as they have my
predecessors their most cordial support and
necessity u diiiicult one to i'm plant an Ameri.
can growth upon a stock ot most ancient
origin. the progress effected 10 the, year Of
AMERICAN occupancy encourages the hope and
the belief that tho final result will be success
Gen. Davis speaks NJ the good effect pro-
duced by the prompt IN assures taken by the
Government to relieve tho sufferers from the
recent hurricane. As to recruiting Porto Ric-
cruting OF the Porto ilican battalion. and nd saw.
that It was impeded by the difficulty iubbtsin-
lew oi the applicants spoke En- eish, and il was
dinicult to instruct them.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-01
Death at Cornell.

Young BERKELEY died from drowning as
he was swimming alone and unhsmpercd
across a narrow canal, while undergoing
initiation into the Kappa Alpha Society OF
Cornell University. He was carrying n
letter to certain point, and It seems that
such travel necessarily involved his cross.
ing the canal In the manner indicated. The
territory not being in the neighborhood OF
Cornell University was unknown both TO
BERKELEY and tho member of tho society
conducting him. This member declares.
and all tho facts support him. that he was
wholly unaware that the canal was in
BERKELEYs path. 1t is apparent that the
latter died quite by acclden. ana as tho re-
suit OF misfortune that might have hap
pened to him or to any one at any time.
On the other hand. there is no denying
that this, the third death that has occurred
within n comparatively recent period mt
Cornell from causes that at least may be said
To be connected with students pranks, will
hurt the University not little Parents do
not like to send their boys to such places.
While we hesitate TO pass any degree Of adj
verse criticism upon the great institution
founded 10y EZRA CORNELL we feel that the
time has come to say that there Is alto
gcthcr too much boyishness and too little
societies at Cornell. Antics that have long
been abandoned in New England ought
to be abandoned at Ithaca.