davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01

When the water is turned into this pipe
it eXerts a pressure of 1870 pounds to
the square incl at TIE lower end. The
water is delivered through two noz-
zles, which can be made to vary in size
from three inches up to four and a
quarter inches. When the water es-
capes through the four-inch nozzle. it
travels at the rate of two miles per
minute and discharges $500 gallons per
minute.
This enormous force is turned against
the water wheels, which are con-
structed of cast iron and weigh two
or three tons each. The wheels are
made with small pockets, which are so
arranged that the water, as the wheel
revolves, strikes fairly into them. The
enormous power exerted by this water
| makes the wheels turn with vast force.
Each water wheel and armature is on
the same shaft, and both machines
seem to be one.
There are two generators of 1000
horsepower each, and the dynamoS
generate alternating currents of 400
volts pressure. This is then conducted
to the transformers n raised to $4,000
volts when it leaves the poWer-houSe.
Three No. 2 copper wires transmit 1t
to the sub-station on Second East
street, where the power is due TO
500 volts. 1t is her passed through
1OlaIE IIdiSID lltIS III CAA1Al6Co LOAA
an alternating current to a direct cur
rent. This is found necessary in order
to be used in running the electric cars,
the alternating current requiring diff
ferent machinery than is now used on
the cars.
During the last year the company
has increased its apparatus at the sub
station and put in an electric lighting
plant, so as to furnish both power and
Iioht This has been done at a cost of
nearly SO. 000.
The Rapid Transit Railroad company
has a power plant Of its own, and pro-
duces all of its electric power by
steam. Its plant is located at Third
West and Seventh South streets. where
it has all of the machinery and appli-
ances necessary for running n oper-
ating it's lines.
The electric power companies have
been gradually improving their plants
and extending their systems, until this
branch of industry has become q very
important one in Utah. The past year
in Utah has seen an unprecedented run
by the Union Light g. Power company.
The service has been continuous, and
the accidents only nominal. The COM
pany has done all in it's power to in
creas its efficiency and provide a
never-failing source of power ard light
for the use of the public. For better
ments in it's system it has expended
during the past year about $4,000.
NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL GAS.
In 1896 the use of coal gas was almost
totally discarded, and natural gas was
used in it's place. But the history Of
the natural gas has been a checkered
one. 1t was pi1,ed into Salt Lake City
at an expense Of about $50. 900 by the
Salt Lake & Ogden Gas & Electric
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01

across its face. This company made a
sub-station of the old power-house, and
the current from the generators IN Big
Cottonwood was transmitted into II.
The company, which Mr. McCune had
started, was organized and Mr.. Fran
els Armstrong was made president
of it.
Work commenced in Big Cottonwood
canyon Immediately. and was rapidly
pushed to completion. 1t was found,
upon investigation, that h water IN
Big Cottonwood had a very rapid fall
near the mouth of the canyon, and that
if it was piped, from a distance of two
miles up the canyon, to the site Sc
lected for the power-house, the force
would be enormous But 1T was also
found that the expense TO pipe it this
distance would also be enormous, and
that plan was abandoned as imprac-
ticable.
However, a. different plan was de-
cided upon, which was much more feas-
ible. 1t was decided to lume the wa
ter to a point above h power-house,
instead of piping it down the canyon.
Accordingly, a force OF men was put
to work and thc difficult undertaking
was commenced. A wooden fiume, con-
structed of two-inch planks, was built
along the side of the canyon at a grad
ual slant, which waS just enough to
let the water flow quietly along The
flume was five feet wide, three feet
deep and about q mile in length.
AS one looks far up on the vertical
side of the canyon and sees the fume
hanging there. like a gigantic snake,
he is filed with admiration at the en-
gineering which was required to con-
struct it. In places the solid rock had
to be blasted away SO as to allow the
fiume to rest, while in others it jumps
across a deep abyss. The water is
turned in by a small dam and runs
along the fiume to a point near the
power-house. Three-quarters of "a mile
below the dam, is built the power
house, and here, though the lume
started at the level of the stream, it is
about 440 feet above the creek and the
power-houSe.
The flume is about 1900 feet distant
from the power-house, and is cor
nected with it by a four-foot steel pipe.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01

sown to Wheat, and fully one-half OF
the aggregate yield came from these
dry lands. During the past five or six
years the wheat yield of the state has
been more than doubled.
Utah's Touring mills, with a capacity
of 100000 barrels per ear afforded a
home market for about five million
bushels of the homegrown wheat. ana
the balance was fed to stock and
shipped to the Pacific coast markets.
Utah consumed the greater portion of
the million barrels of flour manufac-
tured by her mills. but some of it found
market in Nevada, Idaho and Wyo-
ming.
The Utah millers have, during the
year, renewed their efforts to gain a
fcothold in the oriental trade. and. with
this end in view, six shipments were
made to Hongkong, the brand being es-
pecially ground to meet the require
ments Of the Oriental taste. The re-
turns from these shipments are such as
to Justify the hope that Utah flour will.
in the future. find a profitable market
in the far east. but the present rates to
the seaboard place the local millers at
a disadvantage in meeting the competl-
ton of the California and Oregon mil
lerS-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01
STORES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
Big Companies Have HarneSsed the Mountain Torrents to
Drive the Wheels of Industry.

horse power water wheels. Each of
these wheels is connected with electric
generators. Just outside of the house
the main pipe line is divided into two
parts, and each half is conducted to
duplicate parts of the plant, so if one
part was to break down the other could
be Immediately utilized. The capacity
Of the plant is about 10, 000-horse power.
The transmission system consists of
step-up transformers at h power
house and Step-down transformers in
Salt Lake City, where the current is
carried by about thirty-eight miles of
pole line. Both transformers have an
indicated horse power Of 5000. This line,
which transmits the power, is the long
est. in commercial use. 1t is built with
the utmost care and of the best cedar
poles, thirty-fve to forty feet high, set
fifteen to the mile. Upon these are
strung six No. l copper wires, fastened
to porcelain insulators, and each Of
these wires is capable Of transmitting
so, 900 volts
These six wires form two independent
circuits, and either can be used in case
Of accident. About 5000 volts is con-
stantly transmitted through the lines,
and at a very small percentage of loss.
BIG COTTONWOOD POWER.
The power from Big Cottonwood is
transmitted along a line fourteen miles
in length, constructed Of twelve No. 2
copper wires, strung on poles about
forty feet in height. These twelve
lines represent four distinct circuits,
one branching off and going to Murray,
and the other three going to Salt Lake.
The one which goes to Murray fur
nishes the smelters with light and
power, and also furnishes light to Muir
ray. The voltage carried through these
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01

wires is about 0.000, and is delivered to
six transformers at the east side sta
ton in Salt Lake.
In Salt Lake there is a very complete
system for the distribution of power,
-incandescent and arc lights. There are
three sub-stations known as the East
Side. West Side and Central stations.
At the East Side station are located
the transformers, which receive n
convert the power from Ogden, n
this is connected with the other sta
tons by two independent trunk lines on
separate streets. In this manner the
power from Ogden, Big Cottonwood or
the steam power can be turned in at a
moments notice and a continuous ser
vice maintained.
The West Side station is equipped
with a steam plant and generators, and
is ready for use at any time.
The Central station contains the mo
tors. arc light generators n Edison
machines, and the power is received
from both the Big Cottonwood and the
Ogden plants. There are also in the
Central station boilers of 1,600-horsG
mower and engines Of /, 000-horse power.
The are light and Edison generators
are driven by three-phase alternate
current motors which, without any
change, can be made to produce the
electricity when driven by steam, or
used for motors to drive the generators
for the arc lights.
1t is most perfectly arranged, every
appliance having been put in in such
a shape that in case Of a breakdown
in any part of the machinery the FgOrk
can be done by another part. The
three-phase 2,OO0-volt acknowledgements
system covers the whole Of Salt Lake
City. and in addition to his there is
also an Edison three-wire direct-cur-
rent system, which furnishes power to
drive the machinery of elevators, etc.
It has been found that the most eco
nomical current to use in running ma
chinery is the direct-current system,
as the use of the alternating current
makes the machinery more complex.
UTAH POWER COMPANY.
The Utah Power company had its
origination in the efforts of Mr.. A. w.
McCune to provide power for the street
cars by water instead of by steam.
Since the advent of the Salt Lake City
Railroad it's cars had always been run
by the power generated by steam in
the -power-house on Second East street.
between Brigham n First South
streets. This power-house had long
been a source of continual complaint
from the people living in the neighbour
hood. The dense clouds of black smoke,
which poured from the chimneys of the
station, enveloped that part of the city
in a thick veil Of black and dirty
smoke, which blackened everything it
touched.
The advent of the Utah Power COM
pany was welcomed by the people as
a blessing, for it stopped the machinery
in the old power-house, and the resi-
dents in the neighborhood once more
saw the sun without a black streak
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
INCOME FROM LIVE STOCK
CattleInen and Sheepmen of State Have PrOSpered
Exceedingly During 1898.
Future Full of Promise to Them-Review of Local COndi-
tons and Business In the Nation.

The live stock statistical bureau at
Washington accredits Utah in it's last
published count with upwards of $780,
O0O cattle, including milch COWS. De
Ricgles, the Denver expert and author
ity, counted ASS, 692 last year; and War
rem, who tallies for the local Union
stock yards, makes the states
herd contain two cattle less than De,
or 45S, $50. 1t is due the latter to add,
however, that Warren is not dead sure
of his tally on mich cows, since the
claim of his partner to the ownership
of a COW of that sort was
asserted in the daily press a
year ago.. If Leary's COW can
be found and it develops that she has
done her duty to her owner, and Utah's
calf crop of '9S. the tallies of these
eminent authorities will agree down to
a bull CD calf, and the country ought
to know just where Utah stands in a
beef and milk way.
And just as oon as this tally is fixed
up and we know where we are at in
numbers, recently published opinions
by one of the eminent authorities
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01
Police Denartment.

The police force of Salt Lake City al
present numbers thirty-one men, and
the chief. This force, small as it is,
has lone very effective work during the
past. There have been a large num-
Der of tramps, petty thieves and bad
characters come into Salt Lake during
the year, but the police took instant
measures to protect the public from
their depredations. A number of houses
in the city have been entered and rob
bed. but these occurred mostly in that
part of the city not under police sur
VIGILANCE.
In many Of these cases the burglars
have been run down and captured by
the police, and the stolen property re-
covered.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01

along that desirable thoroughfare be-
coming t o men of their pursuit, and in
keeping with their generous inclina-
tons.
1t is gratifying to note this change
in cowmen and to observe h gradual,
but certain restoration of confidence in
the business; and it will be most de-
plorable if the zeal of philanthropic
writers, in pessimistic vein, succeed in
arresting their enjoyment of this we'll
earned repose by a display of figures on
supply and demand, and a lot of plain
guesses on future prices.
Told in a few words, the truth of
the matter concerning Utah stockmen
and their condition now is, they were
never more prosperous for the size of
their investments than in '9S, n they
never enjoyed better prospects for good
values, a big increase, and great m
plitude of range facilities that the
present situation offers. Unfortunate
y, or otherwise, the writer is without
statistical or expert sources of informa-
ton from which to draw figures or
phenomena to support his statement.
1t is made with confidence. neverthe-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01

named, and others, promise that we are
to be set right in our thinking on the
matter of future prices. Until these
important questions are disposed of by
the agreement of the minds designated
it will be difficult to review, with any
feeling Of security, the effect of last
years operations on the COW herds of
the state, and the same uncertainty
must haunt observers elsewhere
throughout the COW country in wording
their reflections at this time.
Some facts stand forth, however, in
the experiences Of each producer and
operator of the closing year which in
disputably point him to the conclusion
that as a cowman he is far better off
than he was a year ago. He certainly
knows, If ne is a producer, that he
has handled fewer cattle and got more
money for them than he did in '9I. His
sales nave averaged, on all sorts of
cattle, anywhere from SO to So per head
more thar they did the preceding year,
and his comparisons with sales made
and the sale he would have liked to
have made three years ago, establish
hat values on herds, as they run,
have doubled in that short. space of
time. The memoirs of most coWmen
will easily run back three or four years
ago to the time when they would have
jumped at the chance to have closed
out their herds, if of ordinary quality,
to some buyer with the money in hand
at $3.50. or without the half. d
hea'; and last years prices. with nat
ural percentages of steers in, crowded
twice that money very generally
throughout this section.
PLEASING CHRISTMAS THOUGHTS
These memories at this Christmas
time have been pleasing to our produc-
ers and dealers, associated, as they
have been, with the reflection that their
means have enabled them to crafty
fancies which have been under repres-
sion for several years. Their uniform
gait has suggested the comfortable
side of Easy street, n a movement
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01
GREAT WHEAT YIELD OF UTAH
PRODUCT TO VALUE OF $5,oOo,-
600 MARKETED IN 1898.
Increase of Over One-third Above
Any Previous Years Yield-Flour
Export Trade Increasing.

For the first time in her history. Utah
is entitled to take conspicuous rank
among the wheat-growing states of the
Union. Five million dollars worth Of
this grain was harvested by the Utah
farmers in 1898. Careful and reliable
estimates place the yield at between
ten and eleven million bushels. which
is an increase Of. fully one-third over
any previous year. A share OF this in
crease is due to the extremely favorable
season, resulting in enormous Yields all
over the state. but a much more i'm
p~ortant factor was the increase in acre
age. One feature of this increased
acreage is of interest and Importance,
as it will affect the agricultural posi-
bilities of the state. The farmers have
but recently learned that wheat can be
successfully grown in Utah without ir-
rigation. AS the result of this knowl-
edge. last year thousands of acres of
dry bench lands, heretofore regarded
as worthless for crop purposes. were
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01

less, n it reflects what will be found
to be the conviction of northwestern
cowmen for a couple OF seasons ahead,
anyhow.
We only known here in Utah that
causes have operated to create a ire
mendous demand in the last two years
for the product of u cattle ranges,
and that in partially satisfying this de-
mand, at highly remunerative prices,
our breeders have just about sold
themselves out of their old-time occu-
patton. Reading and observation has
led to the conclusion that the range
cattle country generally has under
! gone a similar change, and this starts
the chain of reasoning towards the ex-
istence of a shortage
DEPARTMENT WAS OFF.
The department at Washington last
year gave Utah nearly a half d million
CT cattle. 1t is not believed by any man
familiar with the of the state
in that respect that ove a quarter of
that number could be counted within
the states lines at this writing. Is,the
taliy-taker OF the nation as far out in
his count on other states as he is known
to be here? If so, what is the worth
of an estimate on the supply of cattle
in h country, when based on his fig
ureS? western cowmen do not believe
that the country carried 3S, 900. 600 of
cattle ten years ago as the department
claims in its records of our holdings.
r they are inclined to shrink the
government figures furnished last year
from 80, 900, 900 to notches below that to-
tai justified by a comparison of depart
mental with individual state estimates.
But the basis of calculation in the west
is not government statistics, nor do
western men reason hat there is a
cattle shortage because there appears to
be but a quarter of a COW brute to the
head OF population in these United
States.
They know that for several years pre-
ceding the recent rise in prices the rate
Of increase among range herds declined
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01

Light company. At first there was an
abundant flow, but it failed to some ex-
tent since then.
The Union Light & Power company
has just completed new plant for
the manufacture OF oil gas. This plant
will be ready to begin operations be-
tween now and the 18th of the present
month. 1t has been put in at a cost
of several thousand dollars and is per-
feet in construction.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1899-01-01

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT. UNION STOCK YARDS, SALT LAKE
The Iola register. [volume] (Iola, Allen County, Kansas) 1875-1902, 1899-12-08

as they understand the ways and
customs of the people and can more
readily reach them. Supt. H. G.
Ford, of iGirard, believed the people
should be made acquainted with
American institutions and ideas, and
that the flag should stay long enough
to establish a government like our
own and then let them govern them.
selves.
President A. r. Taylor, of Empora,
delivered very interesting ana in
structive address on Education and
Training" He thinks teachers TOO
frequently train ana iail to educate,
ana believes the teacher should help
the child realize as well rs idealize;t that
the essential element in self-activity is
the power to think; it OvershadOws
all others and we should develope il
above others. Teach the child to
think accurately ana rapidly.
The business hour was voted to DR..
Winship, who In his entertaining
way gave highly instructive talk on
the 1ransvaal.
FRIDAY AFTERNOON.
The County High school Problem"
was the subject of a well prepared
paper by Miss Eva Burkholder, OF
A lamont. She offered AS remedy
for the present difficulty in establish
ing these schools that there be two
elections, the first establishing the
echool, the second locating it. Dis
cussion by Supt. fl. f.. Myers. of Gar
nett, and f.. A. Herod, OF Cherryvale.
and Principal w. q. Lansdon, OF FIT.
Scott.
Capitalization and Transportation
for Country Schools" was warmly
supported by the paper otfere by
Supt. E. w. Myler, of BurIingame.
He presented two primary objects of
the central schools: first to decrease
expenses, second to increase the
efficiency of the schools Principle
Louella Sawhill, Of Edgerton and
Supt. w A. Stacey, of Burlington,
favored such schools in the discussion
while Supt. @. Cool of Columbus,
questioned the practicability of the
plan in eight mile districts.
The round table mt etings were in
teresting.
FRIDAY EVENING.
A Stereoptican Entertainment by p.
Fremont Rocket, photographer
Twentieth Kansas Regiment, was Civ
in the Opera house to packed
audience. No part of the m setting was
so instructive, nor so much enjoyed
by the teachers, as was this entertain
ment.
SATURDAY MORNING.
The instrumental solo by Miss Floy
McGlashan, of Moran, was skillfully
rendered and highly appreciated.
Supt. $, w. McGarrah, of Olathe,
read a paper on "Mistakes In Dlsci-
pline." He thinks teachers fail in
discipline because of inadequate |
scholarship and because they have no
Systematic and methodical way of
doing things, Discussion by Supt. |
H. n. Ewing, Osawatomie; Supt. r.. !
A. Herod, Cherryvale; Supt. II. G. |
Ford, Girard, and Supt. Sallie ellis,
Chanute.
Proper Relation of Teacher and
Pupil in Recitation by Supt A. II. |
Epperson, Yates Center, brought out |
the following: Teachers should |
establish proper relations between !
himself and the student; object of each
The Iola register. [volume] (Iola, Allen County, Kansas) 1875-1902, 1899-12-08

recitation Is to give the pupil power;
Rotations should correct wrong
ideas; teachers must have power to
excite interest in the study" Dis
cussiOns by Prip. &. II. Oman, Gar
nett; and Prin. :. A. Kennedy, Blue
Mound.
Supt. 5. NJ Montgomery, Scammon,
presented the subject, "What consti-
tutes good Teaching and in clear
and concise way. In addition to
book knowledge he suggested that,
industry, honesty, sobriety, patriot
lem and individuality be taught.
Nominating Committee reports as.
follows: For President Supt. =. w
McGarrah, Olatht; Vice President,
Supt. w. A. Stacy, Burlington; Sec
reary, Miss Jessie McCool, Garnet;
Treasurer, A Nj Sailors, Chanute.
Executive Committee Supt. IL. f.
Myers, Garnett, chairman; Supt. A.
II. EppersDn, Yates Center; Principle
w. A. LaBar, Ottawa.
Auditing Committees report:
hecelpts '''..''.'''''.''' 'SZUo ON
Disbursements. ........ ...... 202 80.
balauCe. .....,........S D 90
The committee on resolutions were
loud in their praise of Hon. Chas. f.
Scott's address; complimented the
management. OF the Association upon
the successful manner in which they
had handled the same; congratulated
superintendent Billbe and Mitchell
and their able co.workers upon the
royal manner of entertainment:
thanked the program committee for
securing so able person as DR.. Win
ship to address them, and claimed
the Twentieth Kansas regiment as
the teachers own, being regiment
of school teachers and school boys,
and the first educated regiment in
the world.
The Iola register. [volume] (Iola, Allen County, Kansas) 1875-1902, 1899-12-08
Pmhlic Sale.

On Thursday, Dec, II, 1899, f. w.
Arnold will sell al his place one mile
east and two miles south of lola, two
good driving mares, two milch cows,
fifteen head of hogs, complete outfit
of farm machinery, ten tons of hay
and millet lot of corn and fodder IN
shock, two heating stoves and numer-
Gus other articles. For terms and
particulars, see bills from this office.
ID. Ewart auctioneer.