The times., 1899-03-19
FARMS IN LARGE CITIES.
Agricultural Regions of London,
New York and Vienna.
From TIE New YORK Sum-

Nffoin TIC view lutA Suf+l
London, Paris, Berlin. and viznna are 50
centrally situated that railroads and also
highways thronged with market wagons
enter them from all sides The resu t is
that their population has spread out along
these lines of communication. Single
streets may extend for miles beyond the
main body of the city. The frontage on
the streets may be solidly built I'D but
often the open country spreads away on
either side of them. The outline OF these
cities is therefore roughly circular O..
square, with many legs or arms extending
in all directions from the main city. Often
these extensions are wide. several streets
running parallel with the main highway.
and frequently there is decided bulge n
the narrow line of settlement where ths
once isolated villages stood en- the high
way. They have now been united with ths
city by continuous lines of houses.
1t is by drawing a line around the outer
limits OF these narrow extensions that Eng
lishmen circumscribe the total area they
call Greater London, which means Lon
don and its suburbs, adding population OF
nearly two millions to that OF London
county and extending the metropolis far
into HeTtford and Essex On the north and
into Surrey and Kent on the south Thus
Greater London had a population in 1897
of 6,292. 900. and was one Of the greatest
cities in the world in area as well as the
greatest in population. and Greater Lon
don as well as New York city includes a
large area devoted to farms and market
gardens.
Such arms of the city extend along fif-
teen of the roads leading into Vienna and
they have had the effect to nearly double
the area now included within the city lin
its. In 1891 the second enlargement of the
limits occurred, and it was high time, for
the city had spread far beyond the borders
fixed in 1858. The authorities decided to
give the city ample room to grow within
her own domain for many years TO come.
and so they ran the new boundary beyond
the furthest extension OF these settled
streets. So it happens that Vienna. as
we'll as Greater London. New York and
Chicago. is able TO carry on market gar
dening and other rural pursuits on a large
scale within her Own limits. These exten-
sions of the settled area give the four
leading cities OF Europe far more frTeg-
ular outline than that Of any other of the
great cities. The limits OF New York
Philadelphia, and Chicago, are mostly
straight lines. except where water forms
the boundary. Among large cities of the
world Pekin has the least irregularity OF
outline. and the fact that it remains eramp-
ed within the rectalinear city walls is SUI
ficient proof of the stagnation of business
capital, which has scarcely half the popu-
lation of a century ago. and displays every
symptom OF decay.
A few years ago the authorities Of Vi
epna put a lot of surveyors at work max
ing surveys and measurements, from VIII ch
have been deduced some statistics 4 at are
particularly interesting because they show
the exact uses to which all the ground
within the limits OF great city has been
Il a1 In, tsia uf rfa al to
the city's area nine years ago it is not sur
prising to learn that almost exactly one
half of the entire surface is devoted to ag
riculture, pasturage, fruit and vegStnble
gardens. In addition to this, about an
eighth of Yienna's area is timber land IN
der private ownership.
All the buildings OF Vienna. with their
dooryards and backyards, if they have any.
occupy an area not quite so large as that
of the timber lands, or a little less than an
eighth of the whole surface. This means
that ii we climate the sparsely pecp,el
part of Vienna about one-quarter OF the
surface Of the main city is occupied by
buildings and the inelosed spaces around
them Streets and alleys are large con-
sumers of space, and occupy exactly one
twelfth of the whole city. To the parks
and public grounds of Vienna Just about
e-nineteenth of the area is devoted.
larger proportion than is given to these
popular resorts in most cities. About one
thirtieth of the entire area is given to wine
gardens. which is just double the space d.
voted to churchyards.
When we compare map of CONSTANT
nople with maps on the same scale OF other
large cities we do not nesd to be told that
the capital of Turkey is wretchedly over
crowded. Constantinople has 4 Iopula ioa
or SEQ eco, and yet two such cities might b.
placed on Staten Island with some room to
spare. As rule. Oriental cities are GRO Ed-
ed into much smaller areas than Western
cities, with results that are not beneficial
to the health and well being of their ia
habitants. Toxic is not half so large in
territory as Philadelphia though it has
100000 more population. ST. Petersburg is
a little over half as large as Philade pliI.
with about the same number OF inhabi-
tants. We are led to believe that tn, COM
mon people of ancient Rome were herdel
too closely together for comfort. from the
fact that the old city is supposed to have
had about twice the population OF modern
Rome. though the city OF today. with s00.-
600 people. is perhaps a fourth larger ia
extent than the Rome of the Casears.
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