davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
WOMEN AND PIGEON SHOOTING
Pitiless Kil1ins II rpetretod FOR the
Satisfaction 81 Sport. I, 81 "a /.

Pftiless Il * tlfdnr .Perpotrat ted FOR fho
s.tisf ction 81 s.eport.,, N u Sss
SO J, % s.
~. { q i, IS &, = al 8,
8 ], ~ q s, :, J, ~ haa
fo,,n., . s, t,c,,1+ - oivo c,,.,7it =, rosnv
e. cts r.co,,1.d - anciant history e.,lya &.
n,,r Ar;rno1 rri.,,ds =. .son,s o,,,,as+
Eincradih1a tbo+ +ho most ea par snecta-
@+a+ors ~ s,1odis+o,r;o1 conteste in +ha
;anc;an+ ,,,o,,ld ,pa,.t, wo,,, an ..4i+ is stil1
NOW, d;fqo,,1+ ~ hol,.,,a mot who, +ho
wounded p,adia+or Ia y h1eedinY on, The
.sard ~ tha arana and :his = arcifn1 an
70 gonist na,,se,, before ,,eli verine, tha'
ano1 h1o,u 4 no s. : won 81 nrasan sent
MI, = !, r,,+ fran,, s, AZ +,rn al down their
thun, hs in +,,ron - IA death sent ance
s,rho.,oth ndonhtad1v these thtngs arc
atr,,e Z s Is barely nossihle "a believe
them I'm 11ata wears we have found it
easier. Al any time within the past
ten wears tho Influence of women
world have heen sufficient to nut an
end to the abominablv cruel and ut
f1r1v SnnSn1aSS nr1cticA- OF docking
horses h,,t the influence Of women has
sustained rather than renrehended thai
particular form Of cruelty. II is the.
sense1ess vanity Of woman and nothing
else. that has caused the ruthless
slaughter Of millions upon millions of
hea,tifu1 and harmless birds in order
to provide adornment Of a kind essen
tiallv the same as those in which the
Indian soraw delights. OF all the pitt
less butcheries perpetrated for the sat
isfaction of human vanity. the destruc-
ton Of eerets at the very time of pair
ing and with the certainty Of starya-
ton to their hapless offspring. is per-
haps the worst. and this has been
maintained by women of the highest
station and the most cultivated intelli-
gence until those beautiful creatures
have been almost exterminated. Now.
II annears from newspaner reports that
women are seeking distinction in the
pigeon shoot: they enter the contest
with = zest equal to that of the male
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
CAUSE AND EFFECT.


Tho Little old Lady Dressed ii simple
Black. 91s
1t was at the opening Of the imperial
Institute, says a writer in the London
Academy. They had given me seat
high up IN the high marquee. There
q stood-the occasion was too exciting
to stt-and for an hour watched the
81 aalllsuring panor ANA. The place was a
blaze Of color. The uni forms, the gar
ments of the Indian princes, the flags.
the gay decorations, the dresses Of the
women aptivated the senses. And
all the while a band played joyously
and and voices rippled in laughter and talk,
and the roar of the multitude outside
drummed through all. III s.<ss i
But it was the eye that captained the
senses that day. Never has my vision
been SO surfeited; and as the place
filled and the bodyguard ranged them
selves on either side of the throne T
felt that the appearance of her majesty
must form a kind Of anti-climax, for
the tale was told, the eye could hold
no more. Whatever of pride, of birth
and splendor, of show and richness the
world could produce was there. The
r1pest. stage management could do no
more. ~
. Then a roar from outside broke into
my reverie, trumpets fan-fared, the
doors were thrown. open, and on the
threshold appeared a little old la,dy in
black, who walked with difficulty
along the path that led to the throne.
IN deepest black-a little old lady
quite simple, the simplest body there
Victoria R. l.. Oh, it was immense
NE effect! The idea! Think of it!
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
p - H'As. liz Tx ~ III. 8. ! -
Learn How To FALL

The secret of falling without injury,
is in relaxing the muscles. Children
and drunken people fall without hurt
ing themselves because their muscles
are relaxed. A Its one Of the principles
of Delsarte and, like many other seem
Singly difficult things, is very easily ac-
scomplished after one learns how. III
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

Self-Precluded From Dtspnragement.
The attorney for the plaintiff, in an
action for killing dog, said: 'Gentle-
men Of the jury, he was a good dog, a
Incorporating dog, valuable dog, and
it does not lie in the mouth of the de-
PENDANT to say he was worthless cur,
because it is in evidence before you
that on one occasion he offered S. for.
one Of his pups."-Case and Comment
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
An Excellent Combination.

The pleasant method and beneficial
effects of the well known remedy,
SYRUP OF FIGS, manufac tured by the
1 CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP Co., Illustrate
the value Of obtaining the liquid laxa-i
tive principles of plants known TO. be
incidentally laxative and presenting.
them in the form most refreshing to the
taste and acceptable to the system. It
is the one perfect strengthening Taxa
tive, cleansing the system effectually,
dispelling colds, headaches and levers
gently yet promptly and enabling one
to overcome habitual constipation per-
manently. It's perfect freedom from
every Objectionable quality and sub
4 stance, and its acting on the Kidneys,
+ liver and bowels, without weakening
or irritating them, make it the ideal deal
laxative. z vs. ss,,ss
IN the process Of manufa cturing figs
are used, as they are pleasant to the
taste, but the med icinal qualities OF the
remedy are obtained from SIENNA and
other aromatic plants, by q method
known to the CALIFoRNIAFI FIG SYRUP
|. CO. only. 81 In orderto get its beneficial
effects and to avoid limitations please
remember the full name Of the Company
printed on the front every package.
CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP CO.
SAN FRANCIsco. CAL.
LOUISVILLE, Ky. NEW 1YoRK,SN.sx rs.
Forsale By Ill Price 5oc. PET bottle
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Manila Hemp Not Hemp at All.

One of the most valuable products of
our new possessions, the Philippine
Islands, is what is called Manila hemp,
which is not hemp at all, but is OBJ
tanned from a plant belonging to, the
plantain family. Trees of three years
growth yield only about two-thirds of
q pound Of fiber each; bale of 270
pounds, therefore, represents the three
years production Of about 400 trees.
The Deering Irvine mills at Chicago
consume an immense amount of this
fiber, manufacturing one-third Of all
the binder Irvine used in America.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

The single strand binder Irvine, in
general use today, was the original
conception Of Mr.. William Deering of
the Deering Harvester Co., Chicago.
The value of the idea is apparent, since
without it the modern Irvine binder
would be impossible. The Deering
Harvester Company is the largest
manufacturer of binder Irvine in the
world.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
PATENTS.
List of Patents Issued Last Week to-
Northwestern InYentors

Northwestern Inventors.
Herman Hagberg, Brainerd, Mimi,
violin; Gustav O. Heen, Maynard.
Mimi, water motor; Marshall B. Lloyd,
Minneapolis, Mimi, oil can cover; An
drew A. Nilsson. and J. J. Ven. Elk
Point, S. D., three-row corn stalk cut
ter; Ernest Sorensen, Camden Place,
Mimi, perpetual calendar; William T.
summers, st. Paul, Mimi, coin, con-
trolled holding and locking device;
Andrew E. Veon, Brainerd, Mimi, BIZ
cycle fastener; Ellis ]. Woolf, Mime
apolis, Mimi, air and gas engine. r..
torneys. $40 Pioneer Press Bldg, st. Paul
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Fashionable.

"Is cannibalism common among
your" inquired the stranger, appre-
hensively.
"Common?' said the Pacific Island
belle, as she coyly dug her toe into the
sand. "Not at all. We consider it
very recherche. "-Washington Star.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Such Grief.

Overheard in Commercial Road
'Arriet-Would yer ha' bin sorry, Jim,
If I'd kicked the bucket when I was
took bad last month?
Jim-Sorry? Why, Lord luv yer, I'd
sooner 'ad my grog stopped for a week.
London Fun.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Peace in the philip pines

is bound to prove profitable. Warning
conditions, whether in the Philippines
or in the human stomach, are disas-
trous. If your stomach has rebelled+
there is one authority that will subduo
it. 1t is Hostetter's Stomach Bitters:
and cures constipation, Indigestion and
dyspepsia. See that private Revenue
Stamp covers the neck Of the bottle.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

bene1cent person is like a foun-
tain watering the earth and spreading
fertility # is therefore more delightful
a. and honorable On to give than to receive.
Epicurus. 81
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
How They Managed 1t.

"And so you have finally succeeded
in getting your husband to take the
gold cure? I thought he always said
he could quit drinking whenever he
wanted top
Eyes, he did. We have just con-
WINGED him that he ought to take some
thing to make him want tO."-Chlcago
TimeS-Herald.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
IA Favorable Time.

Carnegie IS reported to have said
that to die rich Us to die disgraced.' 2
Luckily that's the time when man
feels disgrace the least. 4 Cleveland
Plain Dealer. 5S.s Il
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
.t.::ty.s.
Scholarly

He lin kground)-1sn't that Mrs.
Advanced s1deeze, the authoress?
They say she is growing more scholar
1y and profound each year, that she
has made wonderful advancement.
She with the teacup)-Yes, indeed.
Why, only three years ago she was
quite 1e.-Brooylyn Life.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Enlarged Prer> .atives.

From the Chicago Tribune: HAS
the changing Of the name OF your
girls club to Bachelor Girls Club
made any difference il Sour way Of
conducting it?" No, only We hold,
regular smokers now. = Sz#s5 .ssss
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

IT see villainy in your face" said a
Judge to a prisoner. !: -:
"May it please your honor" said the
prisoner 'sthat is a personal reflection"
METROPOLITAN. '.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
UndeniabIe,

"But," said the philosopher, "still
water runs deep, you know" ., =
well, what Of it," replied the pessi-
mist. 'I've seen rusty nails that did
the same thing."-Chicago Times-Her-
aid. "
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
DAnEerOus.

Mrs. stiles-1 shall meyer invite Mr..
Funniman to dinner again.
. MI. sr1os-,e.- ~, 1 1e13 ne Is a very
entertaining chap. -: '-.*s--
Mrs. Stiles-That's just it. He tells
such funny stories that he makes the
butler laugh.-Harper's Bazaar.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Bound to De Good

Brown-Does that new. restaurant
get up a good meal? 4
Jones Splendid-Even the proprie-
tor, dimes there-Ohio State Journal.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
He Got Even.

She-I wouldn't marry you if you
were the last man on earth.
He-You wouldn't have chance.
I'd surely have my pick then.-Thila-
delphia Bulletin. . ~ =
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
He Knew He Would.

Spacer-I believe that if Shake
speare were alive at the present time,
and trying to live by his pen in Lon
don, the comic papers would reject
many Of his best jokes.
Humorist-I know it. I've tried 'em
all.-Boston Traveller.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Tissue Paper.

Tissue paper is so called from the
use it was put to when it was orig
lnally made, which was to place be-
tween gold or silver tissue cloth to
prevent its furnishing when folded.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
His Personal Opinion.

"You sympathies are with Dom
Pau?" '. - MS -."
''They are" answered the Berlin cit
izen. There's no use Of Great Brit
aims coming around and telling me
that man who can drink a gallon of
beer a day needs civilizing. '-Wash-
ington Star.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Kent His Vow.

The Lady, don't believe you would
work if you could r..:,s IT,. ...-+., :.
i Dismal DaWson-I'd do any kind Of
work that didn't interfere with my
principles. I had a chanst to be a
waiter onst, only I'd swore a solemn
oath never, to wear a spike-tail coat
Indianapolis Journal
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Are You Using Aliens FOOt-Ense2

Are You Using Aliens Foot-Eases
1t is the only cure for Swollen,
Smarting, Burning, Sweating Feet,
Corns and Bunions. Ask for Aliens
Foot-Ease, a powder to be shaken into
the shoes. At all Druggists and Shoe
Stores, 25c. Sample sent FREE. Ad-
dress, Allen S. Olmsted, Leroy, N. Y.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Do Your Feet Ache and Burn

Do our Feet ACHE unu BuTn3
Shake into your shoes, Aliens Foot
Ease, a powder for the feet. It makes
tight and New Shoes feel Easy. Cures
Corns, Bunions, Swollen, Hot and
Sweating Feet. At all Druggists and
Shoe Stores, Csc. Sample sent FREE.
Address Allen s. Olmsted, Leroy, N. Y.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
+ Not So pnatica1.

She has q comp exion like tinted
china CUP. Il. It's a beautiful
mug M 6. - Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

We never heard Of husbands and
wives quarreling about which loved
the other most.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Do Not Suffer!

Suffering is unnecessary. Cascarets
Candy Cathartic kill disease germs, clean
out the body, remove the first causes Of
suffering. All druggists, 1Oc, 25c, Soc
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

Piso's Cure for Consumption has been
God-send tc me.-Wm. B. Mcclellan,
Chester, Florida, Sept. II, 1895.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Overheard at Lincoln PARK.

Where are you going, my pretty
maid ~ TO see the animals, sir, she
said. Nay i go with you, my pretty
maid ?''5s.I don't like monkeys. sir, &. !.
Il she said.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

FITS Permanently Cured. Motifs nervousness after
first days use Of DR.. Kine's Great Nerve Restorer.
Send for FREE $500 trial hottie and treatise.
DE- u. a. KLINE, Ltd. 931 Arch ST.. PHILADELPHIA Pa.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

Two rooms ust alike must be room
mates. .=
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

Mrs. Wlns1ow's soothing Syrup. r.
For children teetbing softens the gums reduces In
dammaton. allays pain. wind collie. Csc bottle
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

Not meant for a drinking song
"Steady, Boys, Steady"
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
A Suggestion.

I wonder why the lceman
Daily follows up his trail,
When he might with ease and comfort
Send the dainty bit by mail.
Philadelphia North American.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
Halls Catarrh Cure
Is a constitutional cure. Price, 75c.
More Than He Expected.

More Than He Expected.
"Scribbler has story accepted at
last"
'Is it possible?"
Eyes; he went home last night with
an awful yarn, and his wife believed
t."-Philadelphia Bulletin.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
The Muse barred Out.

e all the laurels fame could bring 81
We're laYished on the. songs I sing. 4
Il could not take them; Madge would
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12
From . Grateful Newark Woman.

From q Grateful Newark Woman.
: "When I wrote to you I was very
sick, had not been well for two years.
The doctors did not seem to help me,
and one said could not live three
months. I had womb trouble, falling,
ulcers, kidney and. bladder trouble.
There seemed to be such drawing
and burning pain in my bowels that I
could not rest anywhere. After using
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com
pound and Sanative Wash and follow
ing your advice, I feel well again and
stronger than ever. My bowels feel as if
they had been made over new. With.
many thanks for your help, remain,
L. G., "a ANN ST., NEWARK, N. j."
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

What q Little Faith Did
FOR MRS. ROCKWELL

[IErrER 70 MRS. PINKHAx NO. 6o,ss41
80 q was q great sufferer from female
weakness and had no strength. It was.
impossible for me to attend to nv
household duties. I had tried every
thing and many doctors, but found no.
relief.
= NY sister advised me to try Lydia.
p. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound,
which I did; before using all of one,
bottle felt better. I kept on with it.
and to my great surprise am cured.
All who suffer from female complaints.
should give it a trial. "'---MRs. RocK-
WELL, 1909 S. DIVISION ST., GRAND
RAPIDS, MICH. #
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1899-08-12

Dur fiat is oEercroW ded now. 8
Omaha daily bee., 1899-06-20
HAS ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
Judge Scott Decides that District
Court Has First Call in Case
Against Martin white.

Judge Scott decided yesterday afternoon
that the district court had original iuris
diction OF the case against Martin White,
chief OF police, and was not compelled to
wait until an appointee Of the Board OF Fire
and Police Commissioners had had hear
ing before that body. The demurrer which
had been filed by City Attorney Connell to
each OF the four counts OF the information
was overruled and the further hearing of
the case set for Monday morning at .
o'clock.
The question OF Jurisdiction was argued
at some length by City Attorney Connell
and County Attorney Shields. The former
contended that it was the intention OF the
law to give the Fire and Police board sole
original jurisdiction over police officers, who
were not included in the meaning Of the
term "city officers as employed in the
statute giving the district court jurisdic-
ton over such. 1t could not have been the
intention Of the legislature, Mr.. ConnelI az
gued, to give the district court immediate
supervision over the actions OF aremen and
policemen.
County Attorney Shields claimed that
there was nothing in the statutes TO show
that there had been any intention TO make
the charter annul the law previously ex-
isting. under which the district court had
Jurisdiction. At the conclusion Of the ar
guments the court ruled as stated
Omaha daily bee., 1899-06-20
STREET MUST REMAIN OPEN
Council Decides Unanimously Against
Proposition of the Railroads to
Close seventeenth street.

The city council voted unanimously yes.
terday afternoon in committee meeting
against closing Seventeenth street as re-
quested by the two roads interested in the
yaiuct matter The members listened for
about an hour 20 the representations q prop
erty ovCers as 10 the damage the vacation OF
the street would cause them and then cast
nine Affirmative votes on the proposition sub
By President Bingham that the city attorney
be instructed TO strike out and withdraw the
paragraph in the proposal OF the lily 10 the
roads relating TO the closing Of Seventeenth
street and to notify the railroads immedi-
ately.
The members with but few exceptions ex-
plained their votes. Tue majority Of them
voted as they did on account OF the strong
case presented by the property owners OF the
district affected. Attorney Abbott, for the
Paxton & Nierling Iron works, made IN argu-
ment against the proposition submitted by
the roads, which in respect to Seventeenth
street is the same as that submitted by the
city. He declared that the agreement would
be no more binding en- the roads than they
claimed it would on the city aGd that the
agreement that the roads should save the
city harness from all damages would
mean In operation simply tha. the property
owners could go into the courts TO get their
money from the roads and would not have
any cause against the city. Moreover, the
provision that the city should be secured in
advance against loss by reas Of the closing
OF the street, he said, would be impossible OF
enforcement, there being 40 way TO deter
mine damages beyond dispute but in the
courts He gave the legal steps by which he
claimed the roads would be able to tie UP
the money OF the property owners for fifteen
years.
Ferdinand Streitz also spoke for the prop
erty owners, reiterating arguments advanced
in their behalf in previous meetings. Presi-
dent Bingham then offered the resoluticn in
structiug the city attorney as stated and ii
was unanimously adopted.
Councilman Mercer submitted the draft OF
an ordinance regulating and enforcing the
giving OF transfers by the street railway
company at stated street crossings. There
was considerable disagreement en- the form
which such an ordinance should take. The
ordinance as drawn up by Mercer will be
copied and furnished to each member for
consideration.
Omaha daily bee., 1899-06-20
: SOUTH OMAHA NEWS. J

No teachers were elected al last nights
meeting OF the Board o. Education for the
reason that the examining committee only
completed its labors late Ia the afternoon
and the teachers committee had not yet
looked over the report. II was stated that
it would take considerable time for the
teachers committee to 60 over the papers
OF the ifty-two persons VITO we're examined,
and consequently the election OF more teach
ers was postponed until Tuesday evening
June 27. Some one stated that only fifteen
OF the ffty-two had passed the examination,
and this probably accounts for a change In
the rules which was made at the suggestion
OF Bulla.
Subdivision B OF section so Of the rules
governing the examination and qualifca
tions OF teachers was amended to read as
follows:
"A second class certificate requiring an
average standing Of 80 per cent and no sub
ject to bave a grade OF less than 20 per
cent. Such certificate shall be valid for one
year and may be renewed by the board to
enyone who has taught one or more terms
in the public schools Of South Omaha
After quite a debate this motion was
passed. the two republican members-Lott
and wyman-voting against it.
protest from 100 or more residents OF
Brown Park against the appointment OF Jo-
seph Seykora as janitor was read and re-
ferrei TO the commmitte on janitors.
Freitas brought up the matter Of small
school house west OF the Burlington tracks
in the Fourth ward. 1t was stated Inat
eighty seven children Of school age now
reside west OF tie tracks and are compelled
TO go quite distance to the school build
iIe The danger Of crossing the tracks at
a grade crossing was enlarged upon and the
buildings and grounds committee will in
vestigate and see what can he done toward
| locating a one or two-rcom building in this
! section. 1t was stated in connection with
| this matter that the South Omaha Land
! cnmSany would donate a lot If the board
would place a school house upon it.
! Tue committee on buildings and grounds
| will get together this week and go over
the different buildings to see what is needed
| in the way OF repairs.
Ryan tried to have Mrs. Hammevstrom,
| janitor at the CoTigan school, dismissed
and Mrs. VI. Farrell appointed but the
beard was not with him and the motion
was lest.
| President Roberts will appoint a commit
| tee OF three today to attend the meeting Ct
the Commercial club tonight and ascertain
the feeling in the High school bond propo-
sition.