davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21

present. Doctors say that his death was
caused by weakness from lack of nour
iShmcnt. as he has taken nothing but wa
ter i'll all that time.
The ease attracted the attention Of
physicians and is said to be without its
like in the records On December | the
octogenarian was stricken with paraly-
sis. For several days he was unable to
eat, but he soon recovered the use of his
muscles. He then refused food and has
lived on water ever since. His pulse
was normal he slept well and seemed
Ill no need of nouriShmcnt. OF course
he could be forced to take food, but his
family was diSinclined to adopt extreme
measure as he was i'll no apparent need
of nutriment.
Mr.. Ilendrickson came here from New
York i'll 1886 and has been prominent as
an educator in industrial and penal
schools since then. He was sent to Eng
land in 1872 by the state to attend the
meeting of the International Penal aaso-
ciation, and was a highly respected citi-
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
DIES ON OPERATING TABLE.
A. Standenraus of Oshkosh Treated
for CONSUMPTION in Chicago

Oshkosh, Wis. Jan. 11-Word has
been received that Albert StaudcnrauS
of this city died suddenly from hemor-
rhage on the operating table at st. Az
thongs hospital, in Chicago. yesterday
DIR. y. i. Iemke was on the point Of al
ministcring the first treatment i'll Dr. !.
Il. Murphy $ new cure for consumption
when the patient was seized with a fit of
coughing. The hypodermic needle had
been inserted into his chest for the pur-
pose of injecting the medicinal gas. but
1t had not been turned on. StaudcnrauS
was III the last stages Of tuberculosis and
had suffered from severe hcmOrrhagcS
before. Dr. Murphy said that it was
simply coincidence that StaudcnrauS
should have been seized at that particu
lar time with a hcmorrhage which proved
fatal. As the treatment had not been
administered the death cannot he charge
able tn the new cure.
Wautoma. Wis. Ian. III Special. | H.
Fred. j. Callahan of this village died Mt
his home yesterday after an Illness 81
five weeks of nervous proStration. De
ceased was stone mason by trade.
Evansville, Wis, Jan IL Special. -
y. w. Dennis, an ola resident, died very
suddenly at his home iii this city ycstcr-
day.
Mrs. George Townsend of the town of
Magnolia, died Sunday evening, after a
few days illness.
Portage Wis. Jan. III Special. /
Mrs. Thomas Drew. who resided in this
city from 1893 until about two years
since, died yesterday at Tomah, aged 50.
For tn" past two years she had mad"
her home with her son, Frank Drew, a
prominent banker at Tomah.
Marshiield. Wis. Jan. 16.-I Special. /
George W. Griswold, aged 50. died today
of old age and general debility. He had
been a resident of Racine for over fifty
years previous to residing here.
Madison, Wis, Jan. II Special. /
Charles r. Dow. fnther of eX-Assistant
State Treasurer c. VI. Dow, died shortly
before noon today at his home in Wingra
park.
John Murray, a veteran contractor of
this city and Il Suh-contractor ON the old
state capitol and II member of the county
board of supervisors, died at his home
here today in his sixty-sixth year.
Manitowoc. Wis. Jan. II Special
Mrs Martha Rcith. one OF the early
settlers of this city, died at st. Mary's
hospital in this city at the age of 50
years. The funeral services will he held
tomorrow at =. III.
Henry Ruchoeft, Il prominent resident
of the town of Newton. this county, and
one of its early settlers, passed away
Sunday evening at the age of ~ years.
The funeral services viii hc held from
his late residence tomorrow at =. IN.
The infant daughter of Mr.. and Mrs.
Edward Day died at IL o'clock ycster-
day morning.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
FEARS FOR 4 LAUNCH.
The Paul Jones May Have Gone
Down During a Gale on
Gulf of Mexico.

Pensacola, Fla, Jan. 16.-Tear is felt
for the safety of the naphtha launch
Paul Jones, hailing from Louisville
which left the mouth of the Mississippi
January 8 for this port with a party of
ladies and gentlemen from Chicago and
Indianapolis. Nothing has been heard
here of the launch and the f. f. Simp-
son, one Of the fastest tugs here, LETT
Sunday 10 make thorough search on
the gulf.
The yacht left Louisville in December
for Il trip along the Gulf coast by way of
the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. She
carried as passengers Col. Harry IOCum
and daughter Of St. Louis, Miss Wood
land of Chicago, Miss Taggart of In
dianapoliS. daughter of Mayor Taggart
and crew of four men. 1t was the III
tention of Col. locum 10 visit the various
winter resorts. II was learned last night
that Louisville people had received in
teligence of the yacht passing out of the
Mississippi on January =. Nothing mas
been heard OF the yacht since.
Louisville, Ky, Jan. 16.-Lawrencc
Jones OF this city. the owner of the miss
ing yacht Paul Jones, this afternoon re-
ceived i telegram from L. L. Marshall.
superintendent Of the Louisville * Nash
vile railroad Ut New Orleans, which
stated that a strange yacht. with two
maSts. supposed 10 be the Paul Jones.
had been sighted fifteen miles off Horn
island Saturday night going east Tho
description tallieS with that OF the plu!
Jones. This Is the first information that
has been received OF the yacht. NJ.
Jones is confident that the Yacht is SAFE.
New Orleans. La. Jan. 16.-Althouch
there has been dihgeut inquiry all mora-
ing Of points on the Gulf coast not >
word has Vet been received here regard
in: the fate of the yacht Paul Jones. l.
qury at the weather office is To the pf-
feet that between January 3. when the
yacht sailed. and January s. the weather
was moderate. On the 9th. however, 4
severe storm passed from the west gulf
over New Orleans and Mobile. The yes
sci possibly encountered that blow.
Washington. u. c.. Jan. 16.-Capt
Schoonmaher of the revenue cutter Serv-
ice has ordered the Winona TO cruise
from New Orleans in search of the Jones.
She will so first TO Port Eads and thence
cruise TO Pensacola, where the Jones was
bound.
Representative David Z. Wilbur OF
New York is one of the largest hop grow
ers in this country.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
! CURIOUS CONVERSATIONS.

aad has 10000 mud cabins

ireland has 10000 mud cabins.
4Hl has ZOO sugar plantations.
lu tL. p,,,,.. nri,.,t, fortune !. IN.
s-..rI III British securities.
Roasted M. * rho central dish of
Christmas dinners in chin,
IN tbc early ages dancing was nd
lar.ltcd 4, cure fo.. sickness,
So. 1n,- -, t,.t
and II Ieal and : r. mines
Tv.nty->ix thn,.,nd m.n ,re IN.
,,ln,ad - ~. r k,.,',,,, ,,,,,, ,,'i,,i.
Enpr snr.ins nf ,I,ut. ,rod,c. c,,,si-
.uu,. ~ tbn r.d nrr,,ir ,,f ,.,I,,,.,.,...
~
pIr, "a ~ nv II :.
,f
~
an -, ,.,.,.,.. I'm Il'','L q
,,.,, ''H !" 'i''
IL,
= - :, -, W. ',.',l, :
,.,.t,al '''
H.. ,,l,'. '''.>'' u'I,N ~ Nv, ,,n m,i,
ra.r~a1: > ''''.''' ~ ''''''''' ''''''''
fIr rh,. ,.,nnI.,fimn ar E,,r,.,,,. ,,.,5 ~
uoD Ouu
S.,,.. ,.,, ....
III, I1f,I II ,,~S' /,
.,g.trrr,
rh, population of the Soudan i mum
..rrd at ;.Onn.uOO nearly all wholly I'M
g'lrat"d.
IN the decade 1881 tn 1891 four-frths
SIT the increase of population in France
aa~ in Paris
Tho grave of an unmarried woman
Turkey is often Indicated bv 4 roS,,
.a-yri III ~tnnc
There are ,aid f. be- f.v,r suiciJas
anon2 miners than among any other
.HI>~ of workmru
ono II tb,, .urio~iti,s II H.. Ill. .f
Al,hc m fh, Ipdian mr"an i The ,.h,n,I
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
PUZZLES THE POLICE.
Mysterious Disappearance OF Mrs
Cagne. the l7-Year-Oid
Chicago HeiFesS.

Chicago. III, Jan. 1.-THE mysterious
disappearance of Mrs. Rosie Gagnr, an
alleged h"irrSS. ana the 11-ycar-old bride
of George Ga=n", Il professional bonds
man. * pUZZ!ing the police of this city.
About month ago Mrs. GHgnp. then
Rosie Wallace. ran away from home in
Evansville. Ind. and came 10 Chicago,
where >h" hecauc acquainted with
Gagur. who. it is claimed, on learning
shat Miss Wallace was worth Sl2S. NOU
married her Oh December - Gagnr
claims that his wife was lidnapcd last
night. while on her way to the depot to
meet a Younger sister preparatory to 20
iu- to Montreal. Canada.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21

Nashville. H.. jan. 11.-For the pas
ten DAYS wild geese have been fcedins
upon the wheat fields in Hoyleton prairie
north of thu city i'll countless numbers
For many years the wheat fields in this
vicinity have been a favorite fcedin.
place for these wild fowls. They feed OF
the fields during the day and rest in tbs
cover of the Okaw river timber durin.
the night
The farmers are at a loss to know how
to rid the fields of the birds
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
SNAP SHOTS AT SKATER.
Some of Them Consisted of n sses by
PRETTY Girls.

Fl Paso. Tex, Jan. 1I.-Naj.- j.-Gcn.
Shaftcr and staff. on route to California
where the general will RESUME the cp.u-
uaud which h, hell prior t. the break
Ing out Of the war with Spain. were lnrt
1T FL Paso Tex. lay 1000 people and Il
brass band. Gen. Shaftrr was escorted
Il the city park. where he made ten
minute talk. descriptive If III" Santiago
campaign and culn=i>tir of The yolun-
Jccr>. Of whom this locality supplied a
N'hrn the general had finished his
speech number of pretty -lrl~ in>i>r,. !
on taking snap shots at him with "a cam
cri. aud greatly tn his embarrassment
several Of Them then kissed him in The
presence Of the audience.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
Remington Goes to Guam

Washington. II. G.. Jan. 1.-THE navy
department was Informed that the Ben.
uington sailed from Honolulu on January
for Guam. in accordance with the or.
derS of the navy department. On the
WAY over she will stop at Wake island
and formally take possession "f ii for uSe
IL cable station. The CaStine sailec
yesterday from San Juan for Gibraltar
on route for the Philippines 20 reinforce
Dewry's fleet
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
Fire in n College.

Digby. y. =, Ian. 17.-St. Anne's col
lege. conducted hy Eridi>t Fathers. wa.
totally burned and in their lahors 70 50
c'Ire safety for all the inmates of III,
d"rmitory Fathers I-adore ChaisSon an,
Cannon were seriously injured. The II
pupils and thirteen professors cSeapec
without the slightest confusion
In an Atlanta divorce suit the ale
CATION - mad" hy the nlaintiff that ''ht
W"uld have lived happily hut for Iii.
wifc'e habit of ..riug through his troG,
c.-~' pockets and relieving him nf als III;
ssh hr Ead.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
Geese Shod for IfD ~ 1rampS,

It is not generally known that in
Prague thor" exists COOS" "bUurSc.
where yearly some I.'Rb,hb gcc>r
change hands. Its most active time lasts
generally from about SiX 10 eight weeks.
from the middle Of September till tn"
first days of November. As the gees"
are driven in from long distances they
are ''Shod." that i to sly, walked re
peatcdly over patches of tar mixed with
fine sand. This forms Il hard crust on
The feat of the geese. and they. thus
.'shod." are able To cover immense dis
tanceS without fatigue.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
Big Estimate on Iron Discovery.

Florence. Wis, Jan. IL Special l.
Charles .. Coleman OF this city claims to
have discovered one of the richest iron
mines in this entire iron district The
property is one and half miles north
west of this city and about onc-half mile
cast Of the Florence mine. Mr.. Cole
man has sunk forty-siy pits, ranging
from thirty-hye to ScTenty-tWo feet in
dapth. and the last one put down devel-
oprd ore Of a quality unexceIled any
where on this or neighboring ranges.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
FIRE AT NEW LISBON.
Spcas' Two Story Brick Build in L
BURNS with Loss of 5000.

New Lisbon, Wis, Jan. III Special.
A two-story brick huilding owrcd by
Henry Spcas and occupied 10y \. X &. II.
Farley with meat market. was de
Stroycd 10y fire at ! It. III. The loss Is
5000 and the insurance Of the building
$1,000, in the Concorfia Insurance com
pany. The fixtures were valued ut $500.
4. X c. II. Farley's loss is $500, without
any insurance. The origin is believed to
haYn heen incendiarY.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
CIBAS SUPREME COURT.
Chief and Six Associate Justices
Soon to be Appointed by
Gen. Brooke.

Havana. Jan. Gov.-Gen. Brooke.
in day or two. will create 4 supreme
court for the island of Cuba. 1t will
consist Of Il chief justice and six aSso.
ciatr justices; 1t will he a court of last
appeal. for the consideration of eases
which formerly went to Madrid for de,
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
For Selling CoIored OleomarCarine.

GAINESVILLE, Wis. Jan. III Special. J.
". w Chadwick, assistant state dairy
and food commissioner. was in the city
yesterday. and caused the arrest of j.
b Smith, a local grocer, on the charge
of selling colOred oleomargarine.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
Consulting with Paper Mill Men.

Appleton. Wis, Jan. Ill. A. Shibiev
of New York. a representative of the
promoters of the projected writing paper
trust. iS in the valley To confer with the
Wisconsin manufacturers. II is the hope
OF the Fasteners that the Wisconsin mill
men may I've induced to join with the At
lantic states people i'll the formation of a
combine which will include every writing
paper plant of any consequence in the
country 1t will take some time TO com
uIara tho DpCofi1ripDS
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
$500 n YEAR.
DEATH ENDS FASTING.
Remarkable Case of Gradual Star.
vation of a GAINESVILLE
Clergyman.

Janesville, Wis, Jan. 17.-[Spccial. j
Rev. \. ID. Hcndrickson of this city who
has not partaken of any nourishment for
the past forty-Seven and onc-half days,
died here this morning at 9:45 O'Clock,
aged 81. He passed peacefully away, as
if in sleep. Members of his family were
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
Portage Cornpany Mustered Out.

Portage Wis. Jan. IL Special !
Co L. Third Wisconsin regiment, which
Went to the front in the Porto Rican
compa iSn. was mustered ont Of the Unit
ed States service today.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
THE LEGISLATURE

The forty fourth regular session Of the
Wisconsin Legislature opened at Madison
at noon on january II. Both houses con
vpned promptly ut l. O'Clock and with as
much facility as possible elected the Of
fcprs nominated at the several caucuseS.
senator Thayer of Rpon was made presi-
dent pre- tenn of the Senate and George II.
Ray uf La Crosse speaker of the Assembly.
Walter Houspr of Mondoyi was elected
chief clerk of the upper house and W. A.
Novel; Of milwaukee, chief clerk of Tx:
lower House. c. A. Pettibone of Oconomo-
voc and J. II. Agen Of Superior were elect
pd scrGeantS alarms of the respective
branches. The work was done expeditions
III II the senate. but required more time in
the House. There was nothing in the way
ot floral decorations in either house hut
there were 4 large number of spectators in
both, notably in the Assembly. In both
louN'S iaanS ia,iPS We're present In Ihe
Senate thief Clerk Houser made the fol
lowing appointments: Journal clerk. IL.
&. schultz, business manager of the La
crosse Republican and Leader: bookkeeper,
II, G. Rood Of Palmyra: postmaster. chris.
Paulus u Milwaukee. Chief Clerk Novel;
# the Assembly appointed +. W. Coon
ahicf assistant. carl Wells uf Appleton book
keeper, Fred Nelson Of Phillips journal
clerk. Henry a. McGraw Of Whitewat or
stationery clerk. In the Senate the follow
iuE committees We're named: judiciary ~
Iamoreany. Rochr, Whitman, Whelan.
RiorIan, Whitehead. Kreutzer, Martin.
state Affairs -MGtiillivray MGnson. Jones.
B.~-cA Harris Finance. Ranks and Bank
ing Roehr, Baxter, Green, Whclan MunSon.
Railroads Nithee, Devos. bennett, Welton.
l9 'l'' itN' EaI9h: J"SIps
HI. IIrtn, yintF ,.,,, ,,, -, @ nLii'L -, ,rai
r,...l,, - Dt'1,d n = ' Hi.olI' - @ -,
= r, ", ,II 'iI'itt N @ "i,i
~" ,ira,f !" N, II, cu''"' ,i,,a' ~ ~ >
IL - i'iiH r''-'"N' nay :
N.H,, ''tr''' ,,!'I',IhN. ioWh auu oun,S
ti i.-aillGa,ioH IiolNait, ftarhe' Mll'S.
taii iliuI> ,t,iln'tl' hhuesoh' hrtuIZ"r-
a.,r ii'l,,lm =, ,'i'iisI, " nod"oII@n, H. Eat"Ii on
.L' ~ M ~
t5r,irs wnltor pnytn Gt.Iir K',i
L-,',+z. TiiiIn, - -, - ti
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
Lost His Hand in q Cutter.

AIgona. Wis Jan. III Special /
Mike Junk Of the town of Lincoln lost
his right hand at the wrist yesterday.
II,. was at work on Il feed cutter and his
hand caught in the machine
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
FL1WHEEL BURSTS.
Two Persons Killed and Two In
jnred in Factory at
jersey City.

New York, Jan. 1.-Two persons were
killed and several injured by the bursting
of a fiywheel in Lorilllrd's tobacco fac
tory, First and Second streets. Jersey
City, today. The names of the dead are
JAMES DELANEY. engineer
NokAH MCARTI, Il tobacco wrapper.
Injured
Harry Hickey Maggie Dillon
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
AT THE POINT OF DEATH.
Wife of Assembl yman Lange of Fond
du Lac Dangerously Ill.

Fond du Lac. Wis. Jan. IL Special. !
Mrs l.. \. Lange, wife of Assembly
man Lange is lying at the point of death
in this city Word has been sent to
Madison. notifying the governor of the
facts and the imposSihility of his attend
ing the sessions of the Legislature.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
Beekeepers' Annual Meeting.

Madison. Wis, Jan. IL Special i
The fifteenth annual meeting Of the Wis
consiu State Beekccp"rs' association will
meet in this city February 8 and 10.
Many experienced b"ckecpcrs will he
present An Interesting programme for
those Interested IN the industry has been
1,rnvilnl
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
T0 DISCIPLINE EACAN.
The President Announces His
Course to the Cabinet.
FOR A COURT MARTIAL
Gen. Wesley a. Merritt Likely to be
President of the C0Hrt-The
Judge Advocate.

Washington. u. C., Ian. 1T-Thc Pres
ld"nt today announced at the cabinet
meeting shortly after it assembled for its
regular Tuesday session. that he had de
cidrd to order Il ..turt-uarti.t to try
tonHSSary-t General Ear;;u for the abuS-
i've and violent language he had used re
Srrcting Maj.-,iru. Nelson A. Miles,
while on the witness stand before th,.
war investigating commission last Thurs
day. liver since The sensational event
the President has been carefully dclihcr
Hting over the matter and has had fire.
puent consultations with army officers
ana others regarding the steps that
should he taken. for he was convinced
from the outset that tn" question for
consideration was what action should he
mad. \ dissemination to tax" som" ac-
'Ioh WAS vigorously expressed at the last
sbiuct meeting. hut the President re
rived final decision.
To-day Just before the cabinet session
hC held 4 conference with the secretary
st war and Adjt.-t;cu turhin. 1t was
not long III duratiur lUt III" action to
follow Gcu. EagauS uttrrauceS WIS de
cldcd. and when the cabinet met the
PRESIDENT announced that he had reached
his decision in the matter. lie said he
had determined that there WlS only one
COURSE to adopt and that WAS to order
a ,"urtmartial to hr convened at once t.
try Cen. Fagau. The decision. which
was reached only this morning, uutWith-
standing reports that a c"UrtmIrtial had
iir"il d"cid"d on yesterday, met the uuan-
IHorS approval Of the members of the
"tnn"t. Three of tn" Presidents off
CtaI advisers. Secretary Al%er. Secretary
NllSon md io$tmustcr-'ir General Emory
smith. Wcr" :.hScHt. but in each Instance
their views are known 10 cuinci,!" thor
"uGhly with the Presidents decision.
lt..r 4
President : announcement. in which the
cast was thrcshed over 10 some extent
)" the President himself took little part
IN this discussion
Details OF the Action.
The details of tn" action were left to
IN" secretary of war; who had with
drawn just prior Ia the session, t. return
I" the war department Ia put il motion
thr machinery for the convrnin@ of he
court. While it was not definitely stated
after th" cI hn"t meeting that the >peci-
tcationS would be made against Cen
Eu@an, i is understood that the Sprcirc
chitr@" on which L2 viii L" tried will H.,
conduct unbecomiing az officer and Il gen
li"man.
The personnel Of The court was not
taken up. that phase of the action being
h"Id I" hc not a cabinet matter. hat
ola" thHt rested rtwccn the President
ANA III" secretary Of war. The under
standing. however, WAS that the orders
for the court would hc issued within -
l"W few hours. probably before tn. close
If the department this afternoon. Gen.
Wesley y. Merritt. former communicating
chief IF til" Philippines. has been men
toned as likely to preside over the court
and q cabinet otlicI"l said today Ii" would
not l." surprised ut Gen. Merritt : deSig~
nation.
The charges will he:
|. Conduct UubcComlug an officer and =
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21

piaintield. Wis, Jan. III Special. i
IN epidemic IF scarlet fever prevails at
Bancroft. seven miles north Of here, aud
many children are very seriously sick.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21

A promising surface vein has been
opened up in the Christmas Bell of the
Mountain Beauty group. Cripple Creek.
already carries s15 gold TO the ton.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
Sheriff's Tramp En- ploym ent.

Hurley. Wis, Jan. 17.-[SpeciaL j
Sheriff Bonino of this city is employing
his guests Of the tramp fraternity ii
keeping the streets in good condition.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1899-01-21
DEATH OF J. X. YOUNG.
Man Who Had a Notable Career as
Journalist and Later as
a Public Official.

Washington, ID. c., Jan. 11.-John
Russell Young. librarian of the congress
sional library, died at his residence here
at S:iI this morning, after an illness of
several weeks.
John Russell Young, journalist, was
born at Downingtown, Pa, November
II, 1911. In 1914 his parents removed
to Philadelphia. and after passing
through the grammar schools he was
taken to New Orleans, and finished his
education at the high school in that city.
He commenced his journalistic career at
the age of Ii. as copyholdcr in the office
mai he soon became Il reporter. and then
news editor. At the opening Of the Civil