davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times., 1899-06-20
The Emmons BInfne school Faculty

Normal School, endowed by Mrs. Emmons
Blaine, met last night at her house ana
elected the faculty of the school for the
ensuing year. The building will rot be
ready until a year hence. nor VII tie
school be opened until September, 1907,
but many of the faculty already have been
elected. and their duties assigned to them.
They will be paid their regular saar es
from now on. Instead OF teaching. they
will study. Moreover they viii be sent all
over the world to pursue these studies 10
the best advantage. The teachers so far
chosen are all from the faculty of the Chi
cago Normal School. where most Of them
have been employed for many years.
The times., 1899-06-20
FOR MARSHALL HALL.
INDIAN HEAD TRIPS
FOR MOUNT VERNON,
HfeSaDdria and ArIior+o,
GLYMONT-

STEAMER KENT-Daily excursions Except sun
day). RouHl trip. % cents Cheap excursions
day trip, every Thursday: adults. Is cents; chill.
drcn, 10 cents. Popular moonlight excursions
every night Except sunday. Special rates 10
churches. Sunday schools. societies and parties
No liquor on boat or grounds
Leave Washington, Monday. Wednesday, ani
Friday, $3.50 a. m, $3.50 and 10 p. m. TUESDAY.
Thursday, and Saturday. 0:5O j. m. p m
Leave GIymont Monday. Wednesday, and Fri
day. 'Is:sO or >. and p. M; Tuesday Thurs
day. and Saturday. $3.50 a. m. 'I2.30 or 8. and )
p. M.
.Will be held till or . o'clock to accom,no-
date large excursion parties
Address GLNMONT STEAMBOAT CO.. Wharf,
foot Of 9Th st. is1i-ifem
The times., 1899-06-20
Tens Ont of Fashion.

1t Is said drawing room teas are going out
of favor in London. Formerly they were quite
the thing. and all the debutantes and matrons
went to display their gowns TO their friends at
leisure, the hurried walk through the palace
rooms preventing beautiful trains and coiffures
receiving due attention. II the evening teas 20
OF fashion there will he nothing else to do
but to drink Heurich's Beer. which is more
Wholesome and viii always be in favor among
the upper class.
The times., 1899-06-20
Denth Of Norman NuIIom.

Portsmouth, N. H, June 1s-Norinan
Williams, the Chicago millionaire. and the
father of the wife of General Merritt. died
at his summer residence at Little Boar s
Head at ) O'Clock this evening. The flu
neral will be held ON Thursday afternoon
at Woodstock. VT.
The times., 1899-06-20

A. r. Johnson, of New York, who is in
terested in gas and electric light and light
appliances. is at the National. He said last
night in discussing new inventions in his
line: Europe has been ahead of America
for once in invention. A German engineer
recently brought to New York and exhibit
ed to several large lighting appliance firms
and gas companies an idea that has been
in use in Germany several months, l un-
dcrstand. 1t is mechanical automatic ar
rangement for lighting a gas jet or an en-
tire house or building by simply turnins
on the gas. Something of the kind Is
already in use in this country. but It has
been found unsatisfactory in several ways
and has not been generally adopted. The
German invention, it is said, will be sue
cess. But this is not the curious or the in
teresting feature of the contrivanCe. 1t Is
guaranteed to prevent suicide or accident
by making it impossible for any gas 10
escape without creating a flame and keep
ing it burning. 1t also prevents and de-
tects leaking gas. y4fH,.7s
The times., 1899-06-20
TIE SOCIAL WORLD
OF WASHINGTON
The Marriage Of DR.. Wells and
Miss Gibson.
Impressiyely Simple Service at
Ascension Church.
steeIe-BicGIcr Wedding to Occur
This Evening-Serern1 others
Set for Tomorrow.

Miss Frances Gibson, daughter of Rep
resentatiye and Mrs, Gibson. of Tennessee,
and DR.. Walter A. Wells, of this city. were
married at Ascension Church yesterday
afternoon at 4:S9 o'clock. The ceremony,
which was impressyely simple in its de-
tails. was solemnized by Rev. DR.. Eliot,
rector of the church. in the presence of
only the immediate families of the bride
and groom. Heralded by the nuptial music
from "Lohengrin," the bride entered the
church with her father. by whom she was
given in marriage Her gown was of
cameo tinted crepe de chine. over white
satin, with bodice effects in chiffon and
point applique. A toque of white tulle
harmonized artistically with the dark hair
and dainty coloring OF the girlishly beau
tiful bride, and she carried a white and
gold prayer book, from which the service
was read. AT the close of the service Dr.
and Mrs. Wells stood at the foot of the
chancel to receive congratulations The
bridal party and guests returned to 1928
4 Street. where n wedding dinner was
served, and later DR.. and Mrs. Wells left
for their honeymoon trip, the latter
gowned for travelling in blue broad cloth.
Upon their return to Washington they
will reside at the Concord.
The times., 1899-06-20

1t has been announced in Newport tha,
the Spanish Minister and the Duchess
d'Arcos will pass the summer there. An
alluring promise thrown out in the way
of the seasons triumph is the possible
presence, at some undecided date. of the
President and Mrs Mckinley
The times., 1899-06-20
Notions-at our prices.

SC. Kid Curriers'. &c. Dozen
10c. Faller's ounce Machine
Oil, &c.
&c. White and Fancy Braids. &c.
yard.
15c. p X. and Silk Placket But
tons. with cord. 10c set
1oc. Collar Stiffening. Sic. COL
lar lengths
Ironing Wax, with handle. &C.
dozen pieces.
Sc. Tape; 24-yard pieces. 3-4e
IL dez. Federhaken Hooks and
Eyes, for &C.
15c. Double Nalnsook Dress
Shields. 1Oe
SC Dexter's Knitting Cotton. s-4c
ball
The times., 1899-06-20

Mrs. Helena Clark. of Harrisburg. Pa,
has been the guest of Mrs Norval Herbert
of 634 Pennsylvania Avenue southeast
The times., 1899-06-20

E. H. Chambers of England George H.
Stanton, of Montana, and Mrs. NJ Cudah ny
and Mrs. W. p. Rsnd, Of Chicago. are at
the Arlington.
The times., 1899-06-20

Rev Henry Baker. D. D.. and wife. of
this city, will sail on the Mongolia the 23d
instant for Glasgow and northern Europe
The times., 1899-06-20

Frank P. Blair, a prominent Chicago
lawyer, one of the attorneys in the case OF
Capt. o. NJ. Carter, is at the Shorehan
with Mrs Blair
The times., 1899-06-20

The Australian Minister and Baroness
Won Hengelmuller, with their family, will
sail for this country next week
The times., 1899-06-20

The marriage of Miss Biedler and MI
Frank A. Steele, of Virginia. will take
place this evening at 730 O'Clock at the
home of the bride, 1902 Chaplin Street.
The times., 1899-06-20

Mr. and Mrs. r. G. Work and Mr. C. O.
McLanahan, of Tecumseh. Neb., are at the
Raleigh.
The times., 1899-06-20

Mrs. J. w. Bischoff has removed from
9l2 New York Avenue northwest TO 1921
New York Avenue.
The times., 1899-06-20
4ec for 7sc belts.

A big lot of the black Jet Belts.
which are so much in demand Just
now have just come in-and we
shall put them on sale today at
bargain price. They are in all
styles and effects you are looking
for-and the identical value 9TH
ers have at 70 cents. Take your
choice here today of any OF
them for 4s cents.
The times., 1899-06-20
inimitabie prices

on toilet articles.
Size. for Cosmo ButtermfIk
Soap.
1-2c. for Aliens Taleum Powder.
12c. bottle for Superior Bay Rum.
25c bottle for Colgate's and Oak
ley's Triple Extracts-all odors.
The times., 1899-06-20
Ladies' sI.15 petti.oats, &c.

A special lot OF Ladies' colored
lawn Dresses. for wear under or
candle and other sheer materials
in all shades-regular sl.25 value
for 50 cents as special today.
The times., 1899-06-20

Mary Carter Ball, Rosa Virginia BayIy. Eliza
beth Yogalt Bret, Marion Estelle Bond Afadgc
Bowie Cora Lee Boiling. Rose Slable Bright.
Marie Cecilia Brown. Elizabeth Mae Buckler,
Ellen Teresa Burke Charlotte Lynch Carmodv.
Ruth Margaret Chipman. Marie Clendaniel Ella
Loretta Corbett. Roberta Alice Daily. Mary
Louise Decide. Henrietta Dittman, Edith Leo
nora Downs Margaret Anna Draley Mary Eliza
beth Fallon, Nellie May Farlce Fannie Roster
Fifton, Nellie Rose Foster Alice Lillian Gardi-
ner. Augusta Josephine Girouard. Eva Dorothy
Grossart, Madge Lee Guard, Slllye Crisie Haas
Lul. Louise 'Haukness. ,'acoba Margaret Holz
berg, Bessie Gilbert House. Marie Gabriel Hughes
IncZ Mildred Johnson, Josephine Agnes Kane
Eta Viola RerDer. Annie Bcrnardine King Jcs-
sic Amanda King. Lille May Kraft, Eda Thus.
Media Kuhlman, Virginia walker Lanham. Nav
Inman Mcguire, Elinor Agnes Mathew Susie
Frances Mcdonald, Aura Ida Niddlekauf Ada
Florence Miller, Emma Antonette Miller. Loretta
Minis, Lulu Marie Noel. Katherine Margaret
Paulue. Cecile Lois Phelps. Mary Elizabeth Pratt
Marie Louise Purington. Mamie Elizabeth Sheehy
Edith Simonson- kathaFyn Mae Smith. Elizabeth
Ann Stewart. Maude Ann Tyner Lillian Ethel
Walker Bertie Lulu Warner. Ruth Copeland
Watson. Ada Victoria Waugh Susie Mabel
Waugh, Florence Augusta White, Carrie lslcr
Nooten, George William Banvile. John Joseph
Barry. John Irving Belt. Garfield Charles. vii
liam Hawes Clarke, Fred Albert Collins Samuel
Armistead COlman, Paul DeIIau Cook Fayette
Dickinson Couden. Robert Francis Crowley VII.
liam Herbert Drlncy. Willard Milton Farow
William Nicholas Gassaway. William Russell
ter, ArthuT Clifton Hought0n. William Kcys
ioughton. Robert Henry Howard. Henry Lin
coin jenkins. Harry Llnsdalc. Clarence Arthur
Lewis, Harry Fillmore Lowe Harvey Gilbert Mac
tenzic. Charles Theodore May. Edwin Paret Rea.
Jo7eph Alien Riordon, Charles Martin Schneider
Robert Lincoln shannon, Clarence Eugene Sis
Irwin Sondheimcr. Mark Stcarman. Garfield Ar
thur Street. Frank Edward Symsnoskie Harold
Nicholas Whalen, William John Whalley. Ford
Fans Young.
The musical programme was as follows;
Overture, Dedication of the Temple
BELLA; selection THE Fortune Teller
tHerbert; march, Hands Across the Sea-
tSousa); medley. American Fantasia"
(Tobansiel selection. Martha" (F,otow):
march, .The Matinee Girl tTodd)
The class officers are as follows: Fayette
Dickinson Couden. President: Madge Lee
Guard. First Vice President; Mary Carter
Ball. Second Vice President: Nellie May
Farlee. Recording Secretary: Marie Louise
Purington, Corresponding Secretary: Ed
win Paret Rea. Treasurer
Following is the executive committee on
the exercises: Augusta Josephine Girouard.
lnez Mildred Johnson. Alice Lillian Gardi-
ner. Rose Mable Bright. Nellie Rose Fos-
ter, May Inman Mcguire. Robert Lincoln
Shannon. William Hawes Clarke, Paul De-
Barr Cook. Garfield Arthur Street. William
Herbert Draney William Russell Graham
The times., 1899-06-20
REINsTATED IN THE NAVY.

Gen. and Mrs. John p Hawkins have
removed to indianapolis Ind
The times., 1899-06-20

Miss Blanche OConnel1. of St Louis. is
visiting Miss Katherine O'Connor, of SO
Street northwest.
The times., 1899-06-20

Mrs Horstmann and her daughters. who
have been spending the spring and early
summer abroad. made quite a visit to
Brussels. where they4were the guests of the
United States Minister and Mrs. Bellamy
Storer. just before the Minister'S transfer
TO Madrid.
The times., 1899-06-20

Senator and Mrs Henry Cabot Lodge
were recent guests of Ambassador and
Mrs. Porter at the banquet in Paris they
rendered former President and Mrs. Ben
jamin Harrison
The times., 1899-06-20

Prof. C. Fontaine and family have gone
to Martha's Vineyard for the season.
The times., 1899-06-20

Miss Winifred Mattingly is visiting her
cousin. Mrs. Breckinridge. near Detroit.
Later in the summer she will accompany
her aunt, Mrs. William f. Mattingly, to
Massachusetts, where they will be the
guests at the summer cottage on the coast
Of Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Treat Paine. Mr..
Paines brother, Mr.. George Lyman Paine.
will be married on June % His fiancee is
Miss Clara Adelaide May. of Boston,
The times., 1899-06-20

Baltimore society is in futter of ro-
mantle excitement over the elopement of
Miss Mary Washington Robinson daugh-
ter of Mrs. John Moncure Robinson, a
prominent social leader of that city, and
Mr.. William NJ. Boykin, son OF DR.. Thomas
]. Boykin. The bride, who has not yet
made her debut. is considered distinctly
pretty, even for the Monumental City
where handsome girls are as plentiful as
leaves on summer hedge. II was owing
to the wish of Mrs. Robinson that the
young people should wait at least year or
two that the unexpected marriage took
place. The young bride is the niece or
Mrs. Charles Poe, of this city. whose at
tractive young daughter, Miss Ellen Poe.
made her debut in Baltimore al one of the
Monday germans last winter.
The times., 1899-06-20

Mrs. ]. Ellen Foster. of this city has
gone to Boston to remain there and in its
vicinity for two months TO recuperate from
the work she has lately been engaged in
for the Red Cross.
The times., 1899-06-20

Mrs. Grover Cleveland. it is said. will be
asked by the powers that be" of Buffalo
to be president of the women directors OF
the womans department of the exposi-
tion which is to take place in that city
next year.
The times., 1899-06-20

Something new Now open until IL p m
Cool hrcezes COO! beverages, delightful music by
PistoEio's Orchestra every day ard evening Queen
Deborah's Gypsy Camp and amusemen,s. Take
Glen Sligo cars at 1th st. and Florida ave
jel7-tf-em
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-10-14

promising opportunity, it might have
been wiser to discount the alleged
anxiety OF the Filipinos to yield to the
siren songs OF DENLY and the he'll
roaring prowess Of Otis. The fact re-
mains, however, that the Manila bull
letin was accepted by many well
meaning people, and a glorious term
mination Of the Luzon drama noisily
proclaimed,
As we say, though, the rude and
brutal shock has followed fas, upon
the heels OF the melodious fairy tale
We now perceive that the Fnipinos, so
far from intending 70 succumb to Otis,
were merely planning fresh and dead
ly tricks upon that innocent command
er. They had scheduled a Wholesale
outbreak OF violence, arson and no
doubt assassination within the walls Of
Manila itself, and meanwhile they re-
occupied points which Otis had evacu-
ated, and generally, revealed a new
and additionally vigorous campaign
all along the line As matter of fact.
we seem 20 be making no progress
whatever. The reports of fresh as.
saults and captures are offset by the
relinquishment OF other adv antages
previously gained-advantages quite
as important as their successors-and
so the see-saw game goes on. The
chief OF the bureau Of military intelli-
genee changes a few of his flags on
the map Of Luzon from time to time,
and that is all. II we expand in one
direction we shrink in another We
assault and capture this little town
and it is heralded as famous victoryI
and soon we hear that some other little
town, Of about equal consequence and
moment, has been abandoned. One
day we are told that the Fihpinos
have az last recognized the hoplessness
Of their cause. Next we hear that
they have arranged TO blow up Otis in
his own palace at Manila, and that
vigorous renewal OF hostile activity is
evident in a dozen different quarters
The country is beginning to ask, in
the case OF Otis, the same question it
has long been asking in the case Of
Brooke: What is his pull9 What hid
den but potent influence keeps him in
a position for which he Is manifestly
and notoriously unfit? The American
people can no longer be amused and
diverted By these mellihuous romances
OF the Manila censor They long for
a few facts even though the facts be
disagreeable.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-10-14
oEOh0E A. nTLLTAasLY.

The sudden death Of Mr. George r
Billingsley, president OF the Capitol
National Bank, is a great shock TO the
community and his loss is deeply
mourned. Mr. Billipgsley was one Of
the city's most respected citizens and
his nntimely taking on, while enjoy
ing, apparently, the best Of health, is
sad blow 10 the social and CONNER
cial interests OF Guthrie and Oklaho>
ma. The deceased was a staunch
Guthrie man; he was lSeenly identified
with the city's growth and welfare
and aided by word and deed every en-
terprise looking to betterment Of the
capital Of the territory As the head Of
one Of the strongest banking institu-
tions Of the territory, he did much for
Guthrie. Foreign capital and enter
prise were attracted here through his
energetic work, and bis lcyglty and
faith in the territory were reunbounded.
Mr. Billingsley was strong minded,
genial and eompanionable man. He
was esteemed and respected by all and
his memory will be cherished by ali
people Of Guthrie.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-10-14
TOK DElfOCR4cT

More than ever IL is becoming ap-
parent that Americans are drawing a
significant line OF distinction to pre-
vail in the presidential campaign Of
1900. On one side Of this line are ar
rhyed the people and the Democratic
party. On the other side stand the
trusts, the imperialists aud the Re-
publican party, The result Of the
campaign OF next year must mean
either the success Of the people or the
continued domination Of the expan-
sionist trusts, aud the people are fully
awake to this truth
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-10-14

Chicago. oct l3--Commissioner. Peck
has just awarded the contract for a
most important United States building
az the Paris exposition. The structure
viii be known as the Publisht rs buili
ing and win be located IL the new or
esplanade Des lnvalides section of the
exposition grounds In it win be made
the displays of American printing
house machinery and supplies.
In this building will be the general
headquarters for United States pub
fishers win be made TO feel at home
amidst familiar environments.
The Publishers building belongs TO
the department Of liberal arts. OF which
A. $. Capehart is director and the
building viii be under the charge OF
Charlie HaTies Simms, assistant di-
rector of liberal arts.
Newspaper and other publishers are
invited 10 send their publications to
these headquarters during the exposi-
tion and those who intend to visit the
exposition next summer are requested
10 notify the liberal arts department Of
SUCH fact in order that they may DO
registered and certified 10 the prope,
French exposition official
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-10-14
MIsF0RTUNEs on THE DRUMMFR

MISFORIUkkS or THE DRUMMER.
No louder and more persistent advo-
cate OF the gold standard and protec
tion policy could oe found three years
ago than the average commercial trav,
eler sent ont from the East. His abuse
OF the "silyer cranks" was equally
lavish as his praises of the party that
was destined to roll Maye Of pros.
perity over this country by the elee-
tion OF its presidential candidate.
That party was successful, The wave
OF prosperity, IL would seem, has
struck the Eastern commercial trav.
eler IN manner which viii permit
him To give his undivided attention
hereafter TO the booming Of the gold
standard, the protective tariff and the
trusts, for the trusts have rendered
about 70 per cent Of the commercial
travellers superhuous.
That they have been Instrumental
in bringing this state Of affairs upon
themselves is small consolation 10
tnen N their present depressed condi-
ton To be sure, they voted and
worked for a party through whose
success the present system Of tariff
protection, and with II the formation
Of industrial combines, was made nos.
sible, but at that time they cared for
nothing but to keep cheap money and
the nasty 20 cent dollar out OF eireula-
tion. In their endeayor they succeed
ed beyond expectation, and while some
Of them might not now be averse even
70 the despised silver dollar, this Is
doubtless very little consolation. They
will probably be found less enthu,,.
aslie next year in the advocacy OF the
gold standard and the protective tariff
which have made possible the indus
trial combines that deprived them Of
their daily bread, and less abusive, II
ia TO be hoped, Of the silver crank.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-10-14
TEN THOUSAND
People Greet President M'kin
ley at Fargo S0ulh
Dakota.

Fargo. ~ D., Oct. 1S-Over 1000 peo-
pie greeted President Mckinley and his
party when they arrived here tonight
Entering carriages, the party was driven
TO a reviewing stand through a line OF
the FIRST Esfth Dakota volunteers who
recently returned from the Philippines.
The president was received with wild
demonstrations In his address he re-
ferred repeatedly to the situation IN the
Philippines When he declared the Unit.
ed States govern would send e0,O0o
men 70 the res to uphold the
American hag .ie volunteers had
placed it. the cro,, / approved the deciar.
ation with Wild applause
The president sal In part;
u have come here espec ally that ]
might look into the faces OF the North
Dakota volunteers who saw service IN
the battle line in 1nzon. You dd your
duty and YOU filed my heart with COY
when with other volunteers and regu-
lars. you sent me word that wou would
not quit the battle lire until I could
create a new army and send il thatc You
refeused 20 be retreat or shirk your col
ors in the presence OF the ensmy. No
soldiers Of any country ever had any
moro delicate or trying duty The army
of which this fragment from your state
formed a part, remained In Luzon wait
ing first Cor the treaty OF peace which
was being prepared IN Pars, then for
its ratification by tn. senate then until
the exchange OF ratification between the
United States and Spain. waiting through
all that long period. accepting the in
science Of the insurgents with dignity
because they were ordered by the execu-
tive Of the nation not to strike a blow
pending the treaty Of peace except n de
fense. They accepted. there fore. the
insolence OF the insurgents with pa
tience sublime. We never dreamed yhat
the little body OF Insurgents whom We
have Just emanclpated from Spain would
turn upon the flag that had delivered
them from Spain. Then It was that The
insurgent leader began an attack upon
cur men. then the boys let loose But
alwa-s thought the boys were quite ready
to do ia. (Applause) / want 10 do ihem
credit in saying here to their fathers
and mothers. that these boys f1rcbore
all thing rather than dsobey the order
Of the government they were saving
And whenever that standard whether IN
the Eastern or Western hemisphere. L
stands for liberty. civilization ard human
ity Our flag stands for liberty where It
floats And we propose TO put sixty
thousand men behind that nas ia Luzon
TO maintain St."
Attorney General Griggs, Secretary
Gage and Secretary Hitchcock and Sec
retary Wilson and Seators Hansbrough
and McCumber smoke briefly The axer.
oises were limited 10 speaking and the re-
view Of the First North Dakota volun-
teers, owing 20 the lateenss Of the train
AT $3.50 o'clock the presidential train
was transferred To the line Of the Chica-
60, Milwaukee and St PAN road and
departed for Aberdeen, s. D.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-10-14
Sampson Retires.

Fort Monroe, Oct 13-Rear Admiral
Sampson retired today from the com
mand Of the North Atlantic squadron
and at $3.50 o'clock his flag was hauled
down from the mast OF the cruiser
New York. crew made up Of officers
OF the flagship rowed the admiral to
the wharf. He left at o'clock for New
York. As the steamer passed the New
York the naval band played the nat
ionai air Admaal Farquhar, sdmiral
SIMPSONS successor will take COM
mand at O'Clock tomorrow m1raing.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-10-14
s0MH 80 aRrm1Nrrn-

That beautiful and alluring fairy
tale bestowed upon the American pa b
he few days ago. 20 the effect that
ARn'nAido was burning to lay down
his arms and surrender ID the potent
and irresistible Otis, has received a
rude and brutal shock Perhaps We
were . tribe quick to take Il In and
eoddle il Considering the frequeney
with which Aguinaldo has befooled
our oyer-credulous authorities At ma
nila. and In view OF the deadly regu !
lArity with which the 40 called friend
lies" have turned upon as 40 esery
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1899-10-14

Ia this assessing business keeps up
the federal Office holder sill have to
live mostly on ieicles and courage the
coming winter. Ohio Repu blieans are
assessing most Of the other states for
funds to elect Nash. wben the other
states get to returning the complis
ment there will have to be some IN
ereases either in salaries or in poor
houses