The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1899-06-03
Which Are Being Considered BY the Con-
gress in Session at The Hague.
Signed Statements Of Opinions
From James B. Angel, Presi-
dent Of the University Of Michi-
gan, and Former American Min
lister to China, and President
Henry Wade Rogers Of the
Northwestern University as to
the Future Settlement Of Inter-
national Disputes.

James y. AnSeu, President OF the Uni
versity of Michigan, and Henry Wade
Rogers President of the Northwestern
University, discussing the plans for
peace now being considered at The
Hague. Mr.. Angel, AN eminent author
| ity on international law, and who serv-
ed as American Minister to China, and
later in the same position to Turkey,
| says:
| The arbitration scheme submitted 20
the conference at The Hague and in
dorsed by the subcommittee, appears
to have been drawn largely upon the
| lines of the plan adopted by the New
York State Bar Association in 1896. The
number of judges is the same-nine.
But the mode of appointment suggest
ed is preferable. 1t is a happy idea to
provide that the highest court in each
nation shall name the judge for that
nation. 1t would. however, seem to any
one familiar with judicial proceedings
in Turkey rather absurd to have an
| Ottoman judge on the bench. Appar-
emily that is possible. But no litigant
is compelled to submit a case to him.
On the whole the court is we'll consti-
| tuted.
| THE objection which proved fatal to
the Olney-Pauncefcte treaty-that our
nation must submit questions which
would be fatal to it's independence or
to its highest interests to submit, does
not lie against this proposition. Nor, if
1 understand the scheme, does the other
objection to that treaty lie, that the
Senate was deprived of its constitution
al right to decide on what questions
should be submitted There is no COM
pulsion to submit any question. The
provision is that any or all questions of
disagreement may be submitted by the
| signers of the treaty or by other ma
| tons on certain conditions.
ut may then be asked, why go to
| the trouble of having a permanent tri-
bunal, for any two nations may now
arbitrate where they choose. The an
| swer is that the institution of an in,
| ternational tribunal by sovereign States
| is itself an emphatic expression Of the
| opinion that States do well to arbitrate,
and, furthermore, when a tribunal Is at
hand already organized and of a char
acter to command the confidence of the
world, nations may be more ready to
| take this peaceful means of settling diff
| ferences than they would be if they had
first TO make a special treaty of arbi-
tration.
| 1T may be practical question of
some Importance to US whether some
means should not he found to give Ger
tain other American States besides
| ourselves representation on the court,
| say Brazil, Chile and Mexico. There
are some able publicists in South Amer
lea Whether the interests of Ameri-
| can States could always be safely in
trusted to purely European tribunal
| is question of some consequence.
| While no State can be comoelfed to
resort to the tribunal, it is in the righ-
est degree desirable that all nations
should be- so confident of finding justice
there that they would incline to appeal
! to it, rather than to arms.
| While it is impossible to say in al
vance how far such an international
court will be useful, it is to be hoped
| that triad may be made Of it. For the
| creation Of it, it is the fruit of a noble
aspiration, which itself will conduce to
the preservation of peace"
| Henry Wade Rogers lecturer and
writer On International and constftu-
tional law, in his statement, says:
| THE friends of peace throughout the
world are greatly encouraged by the
news received to-day from The Hague.
The indications are favorable not on1v
for the adoption by the conference CT a
plan for a, permanent court of inte1na-
tional arbitration, but they go TO show
that the plan is to be the one proposed
by the American delegates. If this
turns out to be the case, it will be a
brilliant triumph for our representa-
tives and gratifying to the people Of the
United States.
| The New York bar has the honor Of
having practically worked out the Ola n
which our representatives at The
Hague have adopted as their own. and
which has been received with such
marked favor by the representatives
from the countries participating in the
Congress Of Nations now in session.
1.-THE news from The Hague assures a
speedy and brilliant victory fo, the
cause Of arbitration, and marks the be-
ginning of a new epoch in the history
of the world.
| THE nations have made a great adj
vance, and there is every reason to be-
lieve that it will make wars between
civilized States infrequent hereafter.
For we must believe that the action
taken by this conference will be rati-
fled by the Governments of a sufficient