Arizona republican., 1899-10-29

ways takes place when war breaks out
! the intercourse between the two states
being at end. While the war lasts the
ministers are either Withdrawn or ex-
| PEELED. When the war is at an end in
! tercourse is resumed, each again send
! ing minister to the seat of the other
! government.
! AS a sovereign state has a right to
send ministers to other states, if a
| state declines to receive a diplomatic
| representative properly commissioned
and personally understandable it is re-
garded as grave offense. A state
may without offense decline to receive
particular minister who for personal
reasons is obnoxious to the govern
ment to which he is accredited. The
United States on several occasions
have had their ministers rejected upon
this ground. China once declined to
receive Senator Blair of New Hamp-
shire, who had been appointed as min
lister to that country. He had made a
speech in the senate on tIe1 bill exclud-
ing the Chinese from this country
which had given offense in China, and
on that account the government of
China was unwilling to accept him. So
when Mr.. Kelley was appointed minis
ter to Italy that kingdom declined to
receive him, because he had made him
self personally obnoxious by his criti-
cism Of the action of the italian gov
eminent in overthrowing the temporal
power of the pope. If a minister who
has been received afterward makes
himself personally disagreeable to the
government to which he is accredited
that government may ask for his recall
or may itself dismiss him. The United
a fec hox tn r.
dismissed from Washington the repre-
sentatives of foreign countries. The
circumstances which led to the recall
of the Spanish minister Dupuy De
LONE are fresh in the public mind No
government could be expected to MAIN
tain intercourse with a minister who
had made coarse and vulgar attack
upon it's chief executive
The object of diplomatic missions
was said by Mr.. Marcy, secretary of
state in 1856, to be to adjust differences
and conduct affairs between govern
ments in regard to their political and
commercial relations and to furnish the
government at home with information
touching the country to which the mis-
sion is accredited more full and accu-
rate than might be obtained through
the ordinary channels or more prompt
ly than the same information might
otherwise be received.
In the distribution of the powers of
government the nagement of for
eign affairs is generally intrusted TO
the executive department. Sometimes
as under the English constitution, the
right to make treaties and determine
the foreign policy of the state is in
the executive department exclusively
And SnnnatirnaS &C ho
ton of the United States, this power,
while lodged in the executive, is shared
with the legislative department or a
branch thereof.
The constitution of the United States,
article ,, section 2, provides that the
president shall have power. by and
with the advice and consent of the SEN
ate, to make treaties, provided two
thirds of the senators present concur,
and he shall nominate, and by and
with the advice and consent of the sem
ate, shall appoint ambassadors. other !
public ministers and consuls. The |
also invests congress with |
the power to declare war and grant |
letters of marque and reprisal A dec |
aration of war must be approved by |
he president. however, or passed over |
MS veto by a two-thirds vote of both |
houses. In most matters in which the |
senate shares with the president re-
spOnsibility for foreign affairs the |
president has the initiative. The treat
es which the senate acts upon are
hose which have been negotiated in
accordance with his Instructions The
ministers and consuls
Who represent this country abroad are
hose whose names have been proposed
o the senate by the executive and APP
proved by that body. The senate can
lot appoint any one as a minister or
ambassador whom the president has
lot first nominated. If he declines to
dominate the country would be unrep-
esented.
In the distribution of powers between
he state and national governments the
ontrol of all international relations is.
nder the constitution of the United
states, lodged in the federal govern
nent. No one of the states has ever
ent or can send an ambassador or
minister to a foreign court. Not one
# them can declare war against a
oreign state, Neither can any one of
hem enter into a treaty, alliance or
confederation. If any one of these
tates has a grievance against a for I
ign nation that grievance must be .
djusted drought the fundamentally {
I the national government. New York ,
r Illinois, for example, cannot com !
lUnicate directly with Great Britain :
= France or Germany. The state of ,
Jew York or Illinois must bring the I
natter to the attention of the govern ,
lent at Washington and that govern i
lent communicates with the govern ,
lent at London or Paris or Berlin, as +
ne case may be. In the same way if +
ny foreign state feels that it has just :
ause of complaint because of the ac- p
on or non-action of one of our state =
overnments it's complaint must be +
ddressed directly to the government r
Washington. For example, if any 3
International liability exists because of 9
lie failure of the authorities of Lou
lana to prevent the lynching of the
alians which recently occurred in G
lat state it is to the United States 7
nd not to the state of louisiana that T