davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-10-29

desire TO escape the authority OF the
Government; and in each case civilization
overlook these emigrants. and the old sore
was re-opened and the old strife was re-
commenced.
At this period the Beers were scat
tered over a vast eXpanse Of country, see
ing little of each other and little less
OF the hated Englander townsman. They
were ignorant, prejudiced. strongly at
| tached TO the past. and intolerant Of all
! outside control But their passion for
independence easily degenerated into fac
! ton: their scattered habitatlOn made them
practically exempt from effective law;
their narrow proiudices and their need
of increasing lands brought them into
| conflict with the natives whom they
treated with q harshness and cruelty that
evoked constant protest from English
missionaries. and embroiled them from
time to time IN local wars which at times
threatened TO involvs not only them
selves but the elder colonies in conflict
with Lne aroused natives.
APPEALED TO THE BRITISH
Some OF these emigrsnts in The Great
TREK settled in the Natal territory,
which was annexed by Britain IN 1872 as
a measure OF protection against the war
like Kaffirs. The Beers who had pitched
their tents beyond the orange River main
tanned their independence until lsiS. when
the lawless state OF the district and the
irnpossibllity of defending II against the
Kaffirs, impelled the white inhabitants Of
the country TO ask the British Govern
rnent to take charge of the country and
assert the authority of the Crown. IL
was accordingly annexed. Some of the
Roers objected to annexation afterwards,
and rebelled, headed by Pretorius. The
Boers were defeated by the British after
a sharp fight. were driven from the field,
and the authority of the Crown was re-
asserted Under British rule this province
made rapid progress. In 1888 the British
Government decided 70 withdraw from
this territory. and did so, much against
the wishes Of the inhabitants. Released
from their allegiance the Beers estab-
nshed a republic Of their own. and this
became what Is now known as the orange
Free State, whose relations with Britain
have always been friendly until the pres
ent dispute which furnishes abundant
evidence that the Beers OF the Orange
Free State are attached 10 the Dutch
African Bond party. and are In SYM
patty with their relatives. the Beers OF
the Trsnsvaal
At this stage let us follow IN the his
tory of the Transvnal Roers with whom
we are now M iss-e. In 1895 some five
or six thousand Beers who had left Cape
Colony at the time OF THE Great Trekk."
crossed the Vaal River and settled In
the region beyond it-hence the name
TrsnsvaaL In 1913. these were Joined by
others frcm Natal after that territory
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-10-29

expedition without word Of protest
Like Zurlindcn he has seen active SER
vice IN many wars and has dist ngulshed
himself Dy many brilliant feats and acts
of bravery.
THE CZAR 40 FIGHTER.
Although the ROmanons are a fight
ing race. the present car has an in
nate dislike for soldering In case Of
war. therefore. while be would stu be
the head of the army by virtue of his
position as emperor. the command OF
the great force would he vested in his
uncle the Grand Duke Michael. an ideal
commander. severe when it comes to the
point Of discipline but so courteous and
patient with his men that the soldiers
Of the Russian army not only respect
but love him. When stil o young man
he displayed a wonderful power for COM
handing men and during the Russo-Tur-
ksh war he distinguished himself by
winning several brilliant victories He IS
not the only member OF the royal family
IN the service OF the army. how
ever.
There are several OF the grand dukes
who hold positions as corps command
ers and they would see 20 Il that tho
Car was well represented if the occa-
sion should ever require In spite of his
hatred O. war, however the emperor
stiu takes considerable interest I'm his
armed force. lie Is always present at
the manoeuvers and although he sell
dom makes SD ggestons those that he has
made have rendered greatly 90 the inn
yr0vement Of the service. All Of which
leads one 20 imagine that he would not
be an entirely silent factor If the war he
breads so much should be thrust upon
him.
The German Minister Of War, Cen
oral Won G0esser. IS one Of the least
distinguished officers of the army and
would be i'm no sense competent to
undertake the command Of the forces
I'm case Of war. This, however. does
not trouble the Emperor. for both the
Prussian law and the German consti-
tuition place the command Of the army
I'm his hands. If war was 10 be de-
clared. therefore there IS little doubt
that this fiery war lord would take the
field I'm person and thai he would free
ly assume all the responsibilities for the
defeat or victory Of his great armed
force. According 70 the constitution the
reigning princes of the empire would be
the virtual advisers Of the Emperor. but
it is doubtful II he would be willing TO
listen 10 their advice, few Of them be-
ing copetent to ASSUME this prerogative.
I'm fact the man who. next 10 the EN-
peror, would command the army would
be General Alfred Won Waldersee. one Of
the most scientific Of the fighting meu
in Germany lie joined the army in
1859. and since that time he has held
every grade of office from that Of cadet
TO the position which he now holds.
that Of Lieutenant general and person
al adjutant 10 the Emperor. During
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-10-29
Richmond, FREDERICKSBURG and
potomac Railroad.

SCHEDULE IN EFFEII OCT. 9, 1899.
LEAVE BYRD-STREET STATION.
3:SO a. NJ. Daiiy tor Washington and
and FREDERICKSBURG. Pullman slsep-
era 10 New York.
$40 A. Vi. sunday on.y. for Washington
ard ara po.n.s North s'oPs AZ EiSs'
ford, Weodslane. Guinea. summit
Fredericksburg. Brooke and Wide
s.s Ta'eTr beiiiman car; su,a.v o.,
Washington ana points Norm. Stops
at Eiba. Gen Allen. Ashland, lay
iorsyhe, boswell, Ruther Glen. Pc
noa. Milford, Woods.sne Guinea,
Summit. Frederlcksburg. Brooke and
Whitewater. Pullman car
1900 NJ. Daily. except sunday. for wash.
ington aid points Nerth. stops az
Milford and Fredericksburg. Parlor
Car Connects with Congressional
Limited at Washington.
T:to p. NJ. Daily, for Washington and
R snd b SsTSs a SHPs ESi ess
burg, Brooke and Whitewater. Stops
at other stations Sundays. Sleeper
Richmond to New, York sles9er
ARRIVE fYRp-sTREET STATION.
brooke, Frederickspurg, Milford;
boswell; ashland and El6a. s, steps
New York to Richmond.
800 =. NJ. DAILY eNccpr sunday. stops
al Fredericksburg. Milford, DosweIl.
Ashland. Glen Alien and Elba. Fas'
lOr car from Washington.
7:i0 y " Daily Stops only at FREQ.
ericksburg, boswell. Ashland ana
Elba Pullman cars from New YORK
$40 Z. NJ Daily. stops AZ Whitewater
Brooke, Fredericksburg, summit,
Guinea. W0odsane Milford. Penols.
Ruther Glen. boswell Taylorsvllle,
Ashland. Glen Allen and Elba. Sleep.
Ing car.
DAILY Except Sunday)
1872 A. NJ Leaves Elba for Quantico.
400 p. NJ Leaves Byrd-Street Station tor
fredericksburg.
500 p. VI. Leaves Elbs for Ashland.
$40 A. VI Arrives Elba from Ashland.
s.25 A. NJ Arrives Byrd-Street from
Fredericksburg.
sos p. NJ. Arrives Elba from Ashland.
W. p TAYLOR
Traffic Manager.
r. T. y. NyrNH
President.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-10-29
STORY OF
THE BOERS

The mcomprcmisiug attitude Of the
British pcop.e and the readiness Of the
colonies 10 furnish contlngtlts In the
event of the Boer war shows clearly that
the Empire is "a unit in support OF the CEN
tral power The utterances of John
Morley and other dOctrinnaire5 OF the
IAttlc England party are but as arrows
shot in the air, and, to-day, Chamber
luln's vigorous policy sounds the only
note that strikes a responsive chord on
the hcartstrings Of the Empire. In de-
scribing the-~TrausVaal situation each
situation will bc treated fairly and square
ly. each side has Something 20 say and
each viii Dee treated with the respect that
such q grave and important matter de-
mauds If the succeeding paragraphs re-
fleet severely ON either Of the two 10 IS
because the evidence has shown that this
one has been weighed in the balances and
has been found wanting in those qualities
which make tor good citizenship.
TO arrive ~ a more intelligent IDEA OF
the Trsnsvaal question il is necessary
% 20 back 70 the l7th century when cape
Colony. the eldest OF the four sisters
CCape Colony. Natal. the Orange Free
state and the TransvaaD, was settled by
an ola poTida Of Dutch, Polish ana Ger
man colonies the Dutch. predominating
Toward the end Of the century. the Re-
vocation OF the Edict of Nantes. by Louis
XIV n France resulted IN many Hugue-
nots settling in South Africa. where they
married and intermarried with the origi-
nal settlers and finally merged their ma
tionalitv in the Dutch element which
finally dominated fhe colony
WAS TWICE TAKEN.
Immediately prior 20 and during the
Napoleonic wars Cape Colony was twice
taken by the British 20 whom 10 was
finally coded Since 1914 70 has remained
british From the time OF their arrival
I'm the nth century the Dutch policy to-
wards the natives had been Characterized
hv cruelty and hloodshed. Slavery was
deeplv rooted institution amongst the
I.~~s. who regarded - as "a divine and
ri~hteous thing In 1884 Britain emanci-
mated ali slaves within her possessions.
Tho Bocr slave owners were cOmpen-
yated for their losses but the compcnsa-
ton was regarded as insufficient. and
the Beers shook the soil OF Cape Colony
from their feet. and. with all their posses
sions. struck out into the open veldt.
crossed the Orange River. and settled on
The region beyond f. This migration is
known as YThe Great Trelsk'
rherfSare points Of similarity between
''The Gtat Trckk" OF the Beers, IN 1894,
and the Norman migration IN the year
1916. In each case there was an inte--
ference OF the central Government with
peculiar people; IN one case TINS IN
dignation was deepened by racial pre-
Iudice and In the other by religious ami
posities. In each case there was ins
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-10-29
8. "A. L..

SEABOARD AIR LINE.
SCHEDULE IN EFFECT MAY 8. lsss.
LEAVES BYRD-STHEEI STATION.
900 4. NJ Daily
600 2. M. Oa'Y
for Henderson (arrive Durham daily. ex-
cept ouDuay). kd.eish. SANFORD. southern
f'lnes. Warrington. Ma0esoOrO. Monroe,
Charlotte, Lincolnton, Shelby, kuther-
Iordton. Chester Clinton, Greenwood, Az
beyille, EiDerton. Athens, ATLANTA.
Augusta, Macon. MOnte New Or
leans. Pensacola. Jacksonville. Chatta-
nOoga, Nashville. Memphis. Texas, Mex.
leo California and the West VIA Memphis
or New Orleans.
Train leaving At 800 p. NJ runs through
solid 10 Atlanta without change OF cara
Sleeper ready for occupancy at $40 p. II
TRAINS ARRIVE RICHMOND.
Sis A. NJ. Daily. except Sunday (Sun
day 500 A. NJ
7:2o +. NJ. Daily.
For tickets. baggage checks. sleeping.
car reservation. etc. apply 10
X. N BOYKfN,
General Agent.
s3S east Maln street.
z. ST. JOHN. vice-President and Cen
" "a McREE General Superintendent.
Il. w. B. GLOVER. rrsff,e M,nsssr.
L.i-A...- asn.rL fs.:s.sss xssaA }
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-10-29
EUR0PE'S. SIX MIGHTY MEN Of WAR.
Ripe Experience Laden With onors Full of Loyalty and Fight
These Men Might Equal Our Famous Generals

that time he has been so fortunate as
60 receive much OF HIS training under
the eye OF the great general Won
Moltke. and with such man 10 curb
the headstrong tendencies Of the
young ruler the military affairs OF
Germany cannot but be well admin
istored.
NOMINAL COMMANDERS
Both King Humbert "a Italy and
Emperor Francis Joseph in Austrit-
Hungary have the constitutional right
TO claim the chief command Of the
army but ia neither case would such
poWer he assumed II is equally GER
tain that the Prince OF Wales, even
If he should become King Of England,
would never take the field. although
he would undoubtedly assumo powers
that are now vested IN other officials
At present the technical head OF the
British army H the Marquis o. Lans-
downe, the Secretary OF State for War.
but az he Is a william without any mill
itary training he IS practically little
moro than q figure head. Field Marshal
Lord Wolseley being the actual com
rnander Upon the accession OF the
Prince OF Wales 10 the throne there
will probably be a change in the COM
The Prince IS not man who VIII sit
silently and allow this power to be kept
from him, and It IS doubtful II he would
even consent 20 allow this position to be
bestowed upon his brother. the Duke Of
Connaught. although the latter mas
shown himself TO be a good soldier and
an able com nander. That both Lord
W0lseley and the Duke Of COnnaught will
remain imporfant factors I'm military af-
fairs Of Great Britair for a long time TO
come. however. there can be no doubt.
Lord Wnlseley entered the army in
1850 and has seen some Of the most
active service in all the wars that
have required the attention of the
British sold ers since that time.
few years ago at State banquet he
was toasted by the Queen in person,
an honor that has rarely, n ever, been
accorded a military man in Eng
land.
OF course the Duke OF Connaueht
has had no such opportunities to dis
tineuish himself, the Crimea and the
great Egyptian and Indian campaigns
coming at a time when he was still
too young to assume charge Of the
forces The credltable manner in
which he went through the battle Of
Tel-BI Keb'r. however proved him 10 be
possessed by the proper martial spirit.
and he viii undoubtedly take advantage
OF the first opportunity to show that he is
fitted to assume command of the army.
II was in the hope that he would yet be
able to obtain this position that he re-
fused the heirship TO the duchy Of SAKE
Coburg-Gotha and II Is possible that the
Prince OF Wales might be persuaded 10
consent to allow this honor to be con-
red upon him
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-10-29
Mr.. YANCEY IN HISTORY.
The Memorable Debate on the Slave
Trade az Montgomery, Ala.

Editor OF The Times:
Sir.-You have inodlcu!ably increased the
obligations Of the country to your GUS
toms OF printing fragmentary examples
OF Southern history in the publication OF
Dr. Hunter McGu.res report, In your
issue OF Sunday, october 18th. instant.
The vast and wonderfully rich field OF
historical incident connected with the
Southern movement in the decade next
before the erection Of the Confederacy is
sufficiently explained m the activity at
that time OF the remarkable men who
came forward In large Plumbers 70 discuss
pubic questions. u evidence Of this Pie
nomenon, stands tho Southern CONNER
dal Convention. meeting OF planters
and lawyer At the Knoxville meeting
Of 1877 a COMMITTEES was appointed to re-
port on the policy Of reopenlng the Afri-
can slave trade and to consider the con-
stitutionality Of the act Of Congress which
pronounced the trade piracy. The report
was TO be made 10 the next annual meet
ing Of the convention, appointed for Mont
gomery Ala IN May, 1855 The sisnifi
canoe Of the discussion OF this subject lay
in the movement already more or less
advanced. to secure Cuba for the United
States. and also IN the then pending
scheme OF General William Walker TO
conquer the Central American States and
erect a government there with institutions
similar to those Of the Southern States.
African slavery It was believed. would
flourish well in those tropical. yet fruit
ful agricultural regions, while the South
ern States were much in need OF SYM
pathy IN the fast ripening purpose Of the
Northern states 10 invade our institutions
and destroy them. More than that It
was hoped that II Texas could be well
supplied with African slaves in order
to protect herself against Northern inter-
ference. she would readily consent to d.
vide her vast and bounteous area into hse
slave States. thus checking in the Senate
the tide OF Congressional ,surpation OF
Southern rights.
Tho Southern Commercial Convention
OF 1855. met. according to appointment. at
MontTomery The membership was 80
great that the state Capitol could not by
any means contain the meeting 1t was
the annual season Of empty cotton ware
houses AZ that cotton shipping port. when.
nerbans 10000 bales each year were
loaded on steamers for Mobile An I'm
sosnss brick cotton warehouse thorough
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-10-29

was annexed by Britain, and these people
organized THE Dutch African Repub-
lie" which name was altered in 1&S 10
1.-THE South African Republic"
CRUELTIES LED 10 TROUBLE.
No sooner had this Dutch Republic es-
tablished itself than the continued cruel
ties and oppression IL practiced on the
natives led TO constantly recurring diff
hculties between It. the aboriginal tribes
and the British Government. In 1852 a
convention was formed between Great
Britain and the Transvaal. OF Boer Re
public. by which the former guarantee
To the Beers beyond the Vaal River. the
right TO manage their own affairs without
any interference on the part of the Brit
ish Government. with certain TestrLc-
lions on that liberty, prohibiting alliance
with native tribes or the re-establish-
ment OF slavery in the Transvaal. This
guarantee was reiterated and canhrmed
| in 1854.
Did this independence Of the Transvaal
work for good? Did ii make for the ad-
vancement of Christianity or OF common
civilization? Even the Beers themselves,
can hardly admit that it did That it
was a lamentable failure British repre-.
sentatives constantly affirmed. Wars
with the natives were constant, and shock
Ing cruelties were perpetrated on both
sides. The worst part Of II was that
wars kept the other colonies In a con-
tinual state OF unrest and apprehension.
Matters thus dragged along until 1876 the
Trancvsdl Fundamental Lew with its
harsh attitude towards the natives
brought on a war between the Beers and
a powerful native chief named Sekohu-
nj. The Beers met with severe reverses
| In their distress the burghers I'm . ored
the aid Of Britain. The latter came 10
their assistance the war with sekohuni
was pushed vigorously by the British.
and finally he submitted to British au-
thority. after which the Transyaal was
proclaimed a Crown colony.
UNEQUAL TO 1T.
The Transvaal was annexed because
the Beers were unequal to the task which
a higher civilization had imposed on them
The Boer Republic had become irs0lyent |:
it had issued paper money which. as a
matter OF course deprecated AS one
writer puts IL, mo public improvements
were made, no proper administration
existed and each man did that which
was right in his own eyes" So intensi-
fed was the situation, so marked was the
weakness and disorder I'm this Republic
that II became a dangerous menace 10
the peace and security Of the neighbor-
ing British territories, especially 10 Ma
tai. Therefore II was the Transvaal was
annexed by the British Commissioner at
the Cape. approved by the Colonial Sc
cretary IN England. and tacitly endorsed
by the Inhabitants. This latter assertion
Is now disputed bv the Beers. bit It Is
certain that no resistance was offered, and
but li'le disanprOvll was expressed until
annexation had been consummated. when
~ ton rtV I'll s,l, xF.1
the signatures of large majority NJ the
Roers, signatures can Re obtained for al
most any conceivable thing.
II Is 10 be admitted that an unwse
administration failed 10 allay the reused
feeling OF the Beers. who rose en- masse.
in 1851 proclaimed their independence.
attacked the various bodies OF British
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-10-29

SOW that tho air SIS charged with mar
fai spirit and echoes of war and rumors
of war may Doe heard in more than one
part of the globe it IS interesting 90 cx-
anime the military construction OF the
sreat atous of the world 10 sec what
characters VI armies would Do thrown In
f7 the ncld and who would command
these sturcnd0us forces, Y. by any uu-
fortunate chance. otter important pow
c-s should become a party 10 the pres
cnt uDp.erslutuess.
OF course we have had o slight iliustTa-
lCn OF what the United States could DO
u time OF war, for while the trouble with
Spain was Of TOO brief duration 10 en-
able one Go Judge the FUN strength OF
The reserve force vi this coun ry. So gave
rle war department am opportunity 10
provo lEat d mighty army could Doe cali
cd together and equipped for duty IN
comparatively short time.
another feature of the American sys-
fem that has been proved To- be q good
one I'm time Of need is tho fact that the
President by virtue of the Constitution.
is cOmmauder-in-clief of the army. Be
meath him are subordinate officials, gen
erals o. more orr less ability as the case
may Dee. ana 10 is their duty Co see that
lis orders are properly carried out but
10 IS the Pres dent who must answer 60
the people for the proper conduct OF the
war. 10 is upon mis- shoulders that the
responsibility rests.
l some of the countries of Europe a
similar condition of affairs exists but I'm
France The President has no such pre-
negatives or powers. There the actual
administration of .6e army is vested in
rhe Minister of WI. brit lis THIS official
SIS often civilian it is not customary
f1r him t0 assume control of the
forces
AZ the present time the Minister Of
War the Marquis de Gallifet is one OF
The most distinguished of French gcner-
ais bu, as Dr. has been retired from tho
army ON account of having passed the
age limit. 90 is doubtful or DE would take
the active command of the French forces
oven lu case of war. If DE should not do
$50 the command of The army would de-
N1'va upon Oh great generals. General
Iur'lr1en. General lamont and General
Drugore. Up to @ short time ago Gem
cral Zurl.nden ranked as one Of the first
commanders in the land but at present
ne IS not in the best odor and General
Brugere has taken his place as command
or OF the m tropolitan district Ills abIl-
fly as a fighting man is $50 wei recog-
uized. however. chat he would undoubted-
ly be recalled &c trouble should threat
en-.
AS a fighter General lamont Is equal
" as distinguished and De exercises
control over his men that is not entire
ly due 20 discipline Although he is
strict disc'plnlrian there is another Sc
cret 90 his success. Like Napoleon he
has made his men love him ana they
would follow him upon the most perllous
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1899-10-29
Chesapeake
& Ohio RV. |

Lrr4-~IINE OCTOBER -, 1919.
TRAINS LEAVE hlCHMOND.
BROAD-o inEET SIAllON.
800 a. 81. Daily, WIN fAriOr car lol
principal stations, Newport News
Old Point Norfolk and Portsmouth
Connee,s at NOIIOik Oahy "i,n Otd
DUA.A..On bteaaAsnap Tor NeW YORK.
3:45 p NJ Daily. with Pullman Tor loca.
stations, Newport News. Old POINT
Norfolk and Portsmouth connects
at Old Point with Washington steam
ers daily and with baltimore steam
ers. except Sunuay' 90
1920 A. NJ, r-NpresA, except sunday, TOT
ClftOn hDrge. Connects al Gordons-
Vile for Orange, CaYerton, Manas-
fas. Alexandra and Washington, AZ
Union station, CharlOttesviie, Tor
Lynchburg at basic City for
i:i5 p. n Daily. with Pullman to Cin-
clnnau. Louisville and 81, Lo..s,
connecting at Gordonsynle f0r
Orange, and at orange WIN south
ern Railway. north bound. at Cow
ington. Va for Hot Springs. stops
only at important stations. Meals
served on Dining cars. No. locsl
train. except Sunday, follows Above
train from SordOnsyiile 10 otau1,on'
$50 r. NJ Accommodation, except sun
day. for Doywell.
1890 =. N. Daily for Cincinnati. with F.
+. V. Pullman 10 Hinton, w. Va
and Gordonsyllle 10 Cincinnati and
Louisville. Meals served on dining
car. Connects a. stanton Except
Sunday for Winchester. Va, and al
Covington. Va. daily for Virginia
TRAINS LEAVE EIGHTH-sTREET
STATION.
1890 A. VI. Daily, Tor Lynchhurg, Lexin8-
ton. va. and clifton Forge Con-
meets. except Sunday, with Buck
ingham and Alberene branches. ana
at Clifton Forge with No. for GIN
clnnati.
500 p. NJ. Except Sunday for Columbia.
TRAINS ARRIVE AT RICHMOND.
BROAD-STREET STATION.
500 A. NJ. except Sunday. from boswell
$3.50 A. NJ. Daily. from Cincinnati.
11:20 a. NJ. Daily, from Norfolk and Old
$3.50 p. N. Daily from Cincinnati and
Louisville.
$50 P. NJ Daily. from Norfolk and Old
7:6 p. NJ, except Sunday. from Clifton
FORGE
TRAINS ARRIVE FTGHTH-STR
STATION.
$40 A. NJ. Except Sunday from Column
bia.
600 p. VI. Daily, from clifton Forge.
Lexington. Va. and Lynchburg and
except Sunday from New Castle aud
Rosney.
JOHN D. POTTS.
Assistant Gen Pas. Agent.