The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-12
ENGLAND'S ROUND OF WARS.
RECORD or HER CAMPAIGNS FOR
THE LAST HfLF CENTURY


and New Zeniapd-Hor Achievements
The British army cannot be said to havs
rusted ia idIoness In the last forty years. Eng
lands last war with Continental power was
the Crimean. which ended In 1856 Turning
from the Crimean to the Indian mutlny all the
truope the En- pire could spare were called
upon to release Lucknow, Cawnpore and DEM
from the grasp OF the Sepoys and to restore
the sem blance OF order In India Some Of the
other cam paigns In which the British army has
bssn mployed since 1856 are here recalled.
The British Consul Mt Canton. China. made
trouble with tho Chinese authorities In 1855
because they seized and disciplined the crow
ola Canton river boat flying the British flag.
Asa matter Of fact the hoat had no right TO
carry the British flag and had hosted it under
false pretenses to conceal aid and abet the
purposes 81 a band Of Chinese pirates. Tho
Consul insisted on his view OF the CASE and the
quarrel quickly develored linton war Admiral
Sir Michael Seymour bombsrdsd canton from
Oct % to Nov. 10. while an infantry force mado
demonstrations on the outskirCs OF the city.
The behavior OF the diplomatic representa-
tives in Cation. acting under Instructions from
the Government vts criticised severely At
home On motion OF Mir Cooion. the House Of
Commons passed n vote ot censuro ny . MAJOR
ity OF sixteen. Lord Pamerston's ministry
dissolved Parliament. appealed to the country
10 stand by It's sailors aud soldiers and was
triumphant, replaced in power.
France had a grievance against China on ac-
sount OF tho way some OF her missionaries had
been treated. The British hostilIties were sus-
penied during the worst part OF the Indian
mutiny In December. 1857. England and
France together ATTACHED Canton. took the city
and captured the Chinese Commissioners Yeh.
Tho treaty resulting from the war was one on
themselves A British authority said ofit: "A
miserable quarrel about lorcha became the
means OF eKtortine from tho Chinese Empire
ntreaty whlnh is likely to have the most bene-
fetal effect on our commercial intercourse
with that peculiar people" On Juno
20. 1859. year after tho treaty was
sgnod, English and French representatives
started for Pekn to exchange ratincations Of
IL with tho mperor's representatives The
feet OF twenty-five warships escorting the
representatives was fred upon on its way ND
the Psho River. The expedition was forced
10 retire In 1880 tho two European powers
sent Sir Hope Grant and Gen. Cousin de Mon
tauban with sufficient force Of men and naval
vessels to enforce the treaty which stipulated
that the foreign Ambassadors should be ad-
mitted to Pskin. The Chinese fought bravery
at the Taku forts but could make no prolonged
stand against the European troops. Sir Garnet
wolselsy distinguished himself In the lighting
there. During negotiations near Pekin a num-
Der OF In glishmen and Frenchmen were treach-
srously seized and carried into the city. Some
OF them were tortured to death. In retaliation
for this. after the city was captured. tho En-
psror's summer palace was burned down. Ths
allied powers had things all their own way az
tor This ami exacted indemni,ies. apologies
and privileges, and received everything for
which they asked.
PERSIA INVADED IN 1857.
Tho British " mister to Persia had dispute
with the Shah's Government In 1855 that N uoh
rosem blsd the diHereaees between England
and China at the same time. Gen. Outram
and Gen. Havelock led British columns into
the north OF Persia, and on March 4. 1857. tho
Persians. realizing that they were hopeGessly
beaten. granted all tho British demands.
TIaHTIHo ON THE INDIAN FRONTIER.
The disturbance caused by the sepoy N utiny
gradually spread to Aighanistan. aud the tribes
on the Indian frontier who have always been
ready to seize an opportunity for dsmonstrat-
ing their III will toward the British II only the
demonstration could be made in safety. Rus
STA. on the other side OF Afghnnistan has con-
stantly sought TO alternate these people from
friendship with the English. In the last
thirty-nv years there have been lights all
nlong the border OF VARYING Importance and
intensity, as In fact there had been
for tho afty years before tho mutIny. In
December. 1889. an expedition had to be sent
against tho Kahul Kheyl wuzzesress. and
another WAS sent against the hahsood wuz-
zeeress In April. 1850 All this time the Hin
dustani devotees hal been stirring up all the
disorder they could on the YusafzaI frontier
They were aided by fugitive sepoy rebels who
led them on border raids. The Punjab Gov
eminent sent an expedition to destroy their
stroneholds and give them a lasting lesson.
On Oct. 10. 1888 column OF 5000 men
with nineteen guns entered the I'm
beyla Pass and met with immediate and
fisrca resistance. On Dot. 20. 1000 natives
moved on an advance post on a pin nacle so
small that only ITO EngIishmen could ind
footing on It: 100 more Enell.hmen were
posted at tho foot OF the mountain. The
natives attacked that post all the afternoon.
and when they were at last driven away. they
left tho ground covered with their dead. The
British force lost three officers and twenty six
men killed: and nips officers and eighty-sIx
men wounded. All tho tribes between the
Indus and kabul rivers heard OF this fight. and
dropping their tribal feuds. came troopins
out OF the hills to obliterate the English force
In a short time 1900 OF them were camping
on tho hills near the outlet OF tho pass and
BallyipR down on the expedite by turns
They fought with bravery. Time after time
men armed only with spears forced their way
inSids the English breastworks. only to be
Rhot down and bayoneted. These fights were
Of daily occurrence for nearly three weeks.
Re6nforcemsnts were sent up from tho Punjab,
and tho trihesmen grew discouraged.
II sesmod good time N enforce tho lesson
On Dec. 10. force Of 1900 men undertook to
capture the principal fortress Of tho trIbesmen
on q conical hill near tho mouth of the pass
The hill was so steep that 1t was COMPARED to
a thimble. The H!udus'ans had fortified Il
with circles OF stone brcastworks. Col Tur-
ner, who commanded ono Of tho attacking col
umns, lined the surrounding ridges with his
infantry and artillery and covered tho charge
with another column. straight mp the hill
The tribtsmen were thrown into the wild
est confusion by the audacity OF tho
attack and threw down their guns and ran
Their loss was 400 and more. Killed and
wounded that Of the English was ~ The
Umbeyia battle ia held in ths British army TO
be the quickest and sharp-st action in modern
times, In describ,ng tho attack on the forts IT
Ia, Ill. - lf