The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-02-26

that have been scrutilized amount e. little N
even it I'VE leave out Of account the fact that
more than two-thirdso OF the globe is covered by
These inevitable deficiencies in empirical
paleontology nrc. nevertheless, counterhal-
s " TO- a certain GEtsnt by a ngss hHpaP Sls
CARDS the fossil 'GGiHscoyerod by D!. D. III
p roT ! Of Y These 3, facts. ny" III true hat tSS FOSSIL
remains OF this s~o-caled Pthecnnthropns
skull cap. a famm1r and two teeth. It is obvi-
ously impossible from such fragmentary ma
torily this notable pliocene prlmnte. Certain
facts, however,, connected with tho discovery
may be regarded as settled; In the hrst Place,
crate which lies upon n bed OF marine mari and
sand OF the pliocens age: Togethcr WITH the
stegodon, leptobos, rhlnoceros, aus. ,felis. ny
e,na, hipEonotamus, tapir. e,lephas and q gIGan-
cumstance that the .nrst two Of these genera
are now extinct, and that neither hipp9potai
region. judging by These fossil remains. the
author Of this book Is convinced that the bones
Of pitheCanthropus are not younger than ne
upper ~piiocene period. The teeth are ike those
Of man. The femur. also. Is very human, hit
bon. Its size. however. Indicates an animal
which stood, when erect; not less than 8 feet
man. though with very prominent eyebrow
ridges. like those, az the famous Nennderthal
certainly not that Of an IDIOT. It had an estlmat-
ed cranial capacity OF about 1000 cubic cent?
metres, that is to say. much more than that of
900 cubic centimetres, The cranla OF female
Australians and Veddahs measure not more
centimetres, but, as these veddah women
stand only about 1 feet 8 inches high. the COM
nHted crania, capacity OF the much taller InT
indeed. On the other hand. It has been pointed
out that the impressions, left on the inside OF
thp rrn ~ ittU M Hr ftA nnraIra1 NnnyNltttnnG r
very human, and more highly developed than
those Of tho recent ape,
Third International Congress of ZOOLOGY Mt
Ieyden vas that, Of twelve experts present,
a 10 race " sim man n; tYnS't ieciared them to be
those Of a y an,li!ie ape OF great size; the rest
man with the, enthr3roid apes. II. is Prof.
Hoeckel's conviction, that, the last view ts the
iin rfi"r nee, an" He won rrono %is" s"oP fHssa"tSrsopus
e~rectus. discovered Ivy Dubois. q .pliocene re-
T9i.ae w ST that S ts%o ms s1IS %BpS Cd htshG ritS SssSTi
lI0yns;sGare.hed-for missing Ink for which; n
It IS. Of course acknowIsdeed' that this
some distinguished authorities. At the Ley
den Congress. for example. it was attacked by
r. l faes r qscanIi Sth2 h"xsSer hI tSSt vi E q Is
one OF tho minority OF leading mon Of science
who set themselves to .refute the theory OF
years he. has defended the thesis; 1T is quite
certain, that man is not a desc ndant OF ares"
imaginable. save in a dream, Virchow WENT to
the Lcyden Congress with the set purpose ct
belonged to a creature, which hridRed the IN
terval, between APES and man: First. he main
t tn tb,s sha ba tnS q ssp 10 T tSsf fn "a OF 9 b an HneI h %hile
THIS assertion waa at once refuted by expert
Ialeontologists. who declared that. without
and the same individual. Next, Virchow ex-
planned that certain eHostoses or growths OBJ
since only under careful treatment could the
patient have healed the original injury. There
y s IRst. e rF2ifb Maarsh' n tme ssle Of thish pabts onss OF
wild monkeys which showed similar exostoses.
and had been healed without hospital trent
Rist commended that the deep construction be-
hind the upper margin Of the orbits, proved
son that such had never occurred in man. It
So happened that. a few weeks later, PrGf:
The HhsAr same q forn Bstil% o aHm a hamsa T STSSfsy
toric skull received by him from Santos
in Brazil. yirchow was. in fact. jnst as unlucky
ce@tor as he had been unfortunate in the iudg-
me4t which he pronounced on the famous
every ono Of which he explained as q pathology
cal b n%rm1ith Tor n9t h reGi99G MI ,hcs how n~5 9 otbe a
fossil human remains were those OF idiots or
otherwise abnormsl individuals. provided they
were sufficiently old and low enough in respect
OF organization to be OF phvlogenctic value to
the unbiased zo0logist. The truth is that Vir-
chow, as tho sworn adversary OF evolution.
tranStormism and Darwinism in particular.
and "a an irfevihlc believer in the constancy
ofspecies. has been driven to the INCREDIBLE con-
tenlion that all variations OF organic forms are
pathological. Five yaara ago. "a honorary
President o. the Anthropological Congress at
Vienna. he attacked Darwlnism in the sevcrest
manner. and declared TINT man NAV be as
well descended from the elephant or from the
sheen as from the ape" PROT: Haeckel sub
t,,Itc that CttNh utt.pla IN tho thnnry NJ tru,,G
formism indicate q failure to understand the
principles OF the theory OF evolution and to
appreciate the significance Of paleontology.
comparative anatomy and ontOgeny. The
thousands Of other objections which have been
made. chiefly by non-scleutists. during the last
forty years are passed over in silence by the
author OF this book. 1t is his opinion that they
do not require serious refutat,on. In spite of.
theory Of evolution stands established more
firmly than ever.