davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
EXPRESSIONS from Leading Judges and Minis
tiers of the State Regarding the Recent
LynchingS in the South.

claiming In a mood 81 bitterness. We'll,
d II, n you lived In the Houih you'd
klii the nirgcfa. tool
"Lynchlng II Indicative ~ one " two
thlnrs-eithcr that the laws and their
execution are INADEQUATE. or that the
peopi. are IN that state ~ ravnrvry
which does not recognize the ranctity
81 law. The former was the cnae IN The
early days ~ California and the SUM
mary appearance % the vinliant conn
mittcc there certainly accomplished n
wholesome end. once. however. an In
divlduui or community l. inatilici with
the belief that II has tho moral rirht to
lynch murdcrcra Il quickly reasons to
the conclusion that " has an equal
right 20 punish every ruft ~ orcnle
without rcrnrd 20 the law IN the cnHe.
This seems ~ b. particularly the case
In tho Snuth wheru not only arr negroes
lyuchf1 for hclnous crimes, but whore
stealing and even icrrcr ongnrcs. "
committed by ncrruca. are punished By
the mob. The result ~ lynchlng can
only b. 10 brutniire those indulsin- In
H. 10 give license 10 outlnwff, - place
n stigma on tho community whrfo u "
pfnctiCod H. drive away capital ana
keep lie and liberty In perpetual ic0p-
nruy.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06

sccma exceedingly inadequate to those
whose dear ones have suffered from tho
crime. imprisonment would have been
an opportunity TO escape work aud the
care 81 providing for his own food to
this criminal.
when the surely coming prosperity
he's visited the South and It's mineral
ana agricultural lands have felt the
magic touch Of capital. a rural mounted
police can easily preserve order and
prevent crime. Trains and courage
must always win the Victory over brute
strength IN the long run. and the best
minds 81 both races Win bring eventual
peace TO the troubled section " coun-
Try.
= cannot Judge tho circumstances or
people at this distance, nor can ! feel
assured that. In a case ~ similar out
rnrc, men In any part ~ this country
would have done differently. Iiacc
hatred and laws felt to be Inadequate
always inilamc the wonlt passions 81
man. This ouEht not TO be. and the
time Il coming when Il will not be, hut
you and I viii not be alive then. We
need. PERHAPS, not 80 much law and
more Of the Spirit ~ Christ In every
part OF the country"
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
Mons AsD savAorny.
Lynch law T. Never Ju.ilnshie In n Ci,ii.
he'd Commauity.


Judge a. n. cherry OF this city put
HE stamp Of dlsnpprovai on outlawry In
this language!
Lynch law II never justlnnbio In a
civilized community. II should BE-. and
IL a crime IN itself equal 90 that which
u seeks 10 redress. In communities
where no law eau be- enforced or rights
protected through the courts. such AZ
are found Just beyond tho limits of
civilization. md In unorGnniscd dis
tficta. there n paiiinti0u born u nee
costly Tor the mob. but u b. doubtful
N there a. n single county IN an the
country whore such m excuse can he
urged In mitigation. The mob ~ dan
vofoua. cownfdiy. and reasonable. IL
fosters o contempt for courts and law
and u IN defiance ~ tho state nud
government. The judgment ~ tho mob
ie never safe. u acts In a safe 81 pas
sion nuldrd from motives 81 vcnEe-
nncc lr cruel unrchfnuinE and insane
90 n degree % frcnky.
Tho iynohinr ~ ncrrua IN the South.
10 iauhrcnitrrH Ia the North. or ~
crufndea against illuor dealers through
the means ~ riots or moha. urc all
wrong. they now from thp same cause.
ana have the same doplurahlc effect
upon society.
AS before stated. iynohlng IN a crime
IN itself and which can only be- sup
ftftN'N W ilN fAflt manner % nff
other violations of law. There should
be- "a penal statute enacted for all sncn
caves. and the courts and executive de-
rartincntH should use every sfioft ~
rnforce the penalty. Tho law should
be- severe against all who participate
Va n iyluchinr. hut what D. more cffcc.
tive u that itH enforcement should be-
certain. Tho certainty ~ The iuniction
~ n penalty has GREATER effect 10 sup
press crime than the severity ~ tho
penalty. In communities whore lynch.
inrn have been prevalent Of late. there
u an awakening ~ sentiment with &C.
better claaaaH urnlurt such disEfucufui
nrtn and n reform may be- expected on
the lines hefrin Hugrcatcd. The negro
has the same legal aud natural risht
TO the henent 81 the law no others; and
N n II not accorded 90 himh In tho
youth. u would soon bring n condition
upon the whole community where
lynChinr would not stop with the color
but an glasses. the rich the poor
the white ~ well 30 the black. would
De- IN danger ~ becoming victims of the
mnd Jury 81 tho mob. Agitation ~ the
question should b. kept ~ until a re-
form u accomplished. which l. near nt
huun."
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
coLoGrp EDITORS ymw.
says there Tau lie No Excuse for Mob aud
Iynah Law.

Julius y. Tayiar. leading colorcd
citizen Of salt Lake and editor u the
Hrond.ax. HuyH
Complying with your request ~ re-
cent date. ! herewith get forth my
reflections upon the proposition, should
the majesty Of the law be upheld"
There arr innumefnbc Reasons why
all loyal and patriotic cltlrena should
favor the sustaining of all Just laws
which have been enacted by tho var
ioun legislative bodies 81 the various
states, whether such laws meet their
Highest approval or not
THE appalling atrocities which &C.
cufrcd In the state ~ Georgia recently.
are SUFFICIENT proof that under no cir
cumntaneeH should the unconatitutrd
authorities be permitted TO take the
law Into their own hands, The impfsH.
sion IN irruyocably stamped upon my
mind that no human bolng II capable
of committing any crime 10 warrant the
urOmincuOus rnbic 60 set ~ nauEht the
established laws OF the States wherein
they reside aud substitute mob aud
lynch law Instead thereof. whenever
they do -. u IN evident Ia all that tho
State. or nation which permits u IN In
a state Of dcgcneracy.
mo honest aud conscientious man.
can Justify mob ana lynch law upon
any theory. Those who attempt 10 do
criminals at heart. ana not In favor NJ
the orderly administration Of justice.
"Stlll many profess 20 believe that
u u necessary 20 resort 20 this species
lynch law upon the hypothesis that it
lynchlaw upon the hypothesis that II
IN the only method 10 pursue In orier
To protect the Southern white women
from the assaults 81 persons ~ AfH-
can descent. liut this N an unqualified
and has. fnlaehood. and I do not heal
tate Ia hurting u back In tho teeth of
those who 10 maintain. with all the
power and vchemence at my command
For four years and over. All the able
bodied white men ~ the South were
nhrent from their homes fighting to
disrupt the Union and retain tho me-
grooH In bondage, who were loft ON the
plantations with their masters iami-
Hes; and thcrc ~ not one single ease
on record where any negro attempted
In the slightest dcgnrc 10 assault the
white women loft IN their charge.
This l. unparalleled In the history
of the world. Al the judicial maehin-
cry throughout the entire south. II In
the hands ~ the whites aud tho pen-
"A white woman by nogro ~ death,
and no negro who has ever been charg-
ed with such an offcnnc has escaped
this penalty. Therefore there IL no or.
cs,hion 20 reaort 10 mob and lynch law.
Hut the Southern people would prefer
To eat worm wood ana drinE gall
rather than permit the negro 10 have
his day In court. For they kconly re.
alixe that he IN able 20 shed much light
upon the short -comlnga OF the southern
white men"
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
mon rviL iScnrAsiSo.
Intire ioFse Of Federal Government
hhouid be in,ohed, " Necessary.


nev. II. a. Maynard Of the Unitarian
church 81 this clty-''in my Judgment
the alleged bad character 81 tho
southern noEro 20 often urged Ia miu-
Hation OF IN palllntion of the offenders
ui these lynchlnE uutraHus u an eva
sion 81 the real iHHue.-fOr since the
thirteenth, fourteenth aud nftccnth
amendments 10 the federal Constitution
guaranteeing to nsFroer all the rights
~ citiEenship and giving Congress pow-
- % enforce tho same By appropriate
legislation viewed from any stand
point, 10 every iaw-nbldinf citizen there
can b. but one side 10 this question.
~ n not a matter Of race. Of color
or ~ the morals % the ncgro-nnd In
dependent ~ all moral considerations
Involved, there IL the Vital question OF
citizenship,
mo staie shall deprive any person of
life, liberty or property without due
proccnn % law, nor deny Ia any person
within It's Jurisdiction the eslual pros
lection OF the laws This II tho ian-
guagc 81 the organic law OF tho ma
tion and the right ~ the citizen when
accused Of crimes 10 trial By jury IL
one OF tho most sacred rights OF tho
individual. To deny this to any oltl-
zen, however. humble. whether law
abiding or a Nlolatof OF law Il sub
verrlye 81 one 81 tho most fundamental
principles ~ the republic and any cun-
tlnu.d uHurpatlon % this iiKlN by In
dlvidual State or nation must cndnngcr
the existence and threaten tho pcrpot-
uiiy ~ our free institutions
Instead Of ahnting. this evil II In
cfeaslng IN frequency and IN ntroclty.
nor can We hope for ia abolition
through merely expressing our horror
and indignation nlonei In this casc and
In every enss. n necessary. tho entire
force ~ the federal government In the
event u failure by the state nufhOri-
10 punish these violntors OF the conHtl-
tutlou"
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
RESULT OF Lyscmisa.
nruislise-, Drives Awsy Capital aud Jsoi,.
ardires Lite aud Property.

United States Marshall Mliler-"somc
ten years ago got into a discussion
with u prominent citizen Of LouiHlann
In regard to the outrnges pcrpetrated In
the South upon the blacks and particu-
larry IN regard 10 the iynchinF Of col
orcd people. | said ~ him that the dis
position OF the Southern people 10 visit
upon the colorcd race personal ven
geanoe. inAtead Of allowing the law To
tnko ita course, gave the people Of the
North an idea that the South was IN a
state ~ Hemi-HnVanefy, Particularly
aid this seem true when the same trl at =
ment was not accorded % whites aud
blacks for the same crimes, The gen-
difference was made between white and
black In this respect. After discussing
the proposition vigorously Tor an hour
In Its various phases he suddenly ended
Il and begged the whole question by ex-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
LAW snouLD nr urnrID.
Recent Lynehings In the south Disgrace
To- American Civilization,

Elder Isaac Smith II the Cache stake
presidency expressed tho following
opinlnni The recent iynchiuFH Ia tho
South were shocking to the moral sens
slhiiitiea aud a disgrace 20 American
civilization. have always been "A
arm advocate 81 obedience 10 the law.
Every one accused ~ crime II entitled
to a fair ana impartial honrins. before
punishment n inflicted. and the onorInl-
~ or the crime committed does not ies-
son the obligation We afc under 10 give
the Itrpstfator such Justice nn the law
provides, am unhltcrahiy opposed
10 the citizen taking the law In hin own
hands, no matter what tho ease may b.,
but particularly - when his rrnfon II
detlr0nrd By passion. A ncgru clti-
aen N entitled 90 exactly the same pri-
Vilcgor az white one, look forward
to much trouble and dire disaster 10
tho people n the rpirlt % tho Constitu-
ton be- not observed and equal and cx-
act Justice motcd out TO ALL"
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
nonnoR OF Lyson LAW.
Que OF the roul nlo,. ppon N. Institution
ef This Tree Couatry.

Rev. J. y. WATSON. pastor Trinity 81.
u. church. logan. said III would be
hard a. say anything that has not all.
ready been rnid upon the subject u
IynchInE IN tho South when / think
Of the dilholicnl 'Lynch-law.' tho prac.
tice of punishinr a criminal Tor a crime
without trial, I can but think 81 u as
one u the greatest plague spots on our
American civilization. Having been
raised In the South, ! can understand
why the practice ~ iynchinH more ire.
quontly occurd In that country than any
other part 81 the United atatcs.
I'm tho iirst place, there IN TO be
found nmong the negroes an idle, shift
less element who's. ambition IN but IT.
tie above that of the brute creation and
Who acffn 90 be governed more by In
atinct than By Intelligence. consequent
~ there W larger per cent % out
farcous crimes committed.
I'm the second place the idea OF tho
brotherhood 81 man " often aubmorgcd
Ia tide OF class prejudice. and the Sew
onth Commandment u broken In their
caEorncas 70 Rratlfy their base desires.
Neither ~ these reasons Justify the
pcrnloi0us practice 81 this relic Of bar
harlam. Each State has It's laws for
the punlshmentH OF It's criminals. and
the law ought to be allowed 10 take lts
course. n the officers OF the law arc
not able 90 enforce them. or arc not dis
posed TO do ~. then the government "
the United states ought 20 take the
matter In hand and see that they are
enforced,
''rhe eyes Of the world are turned
upon America anxlousiy waiting for
her 20 demonstrate her Oft repeated
boast of hifh civilization, but when they
see such fragrant atrocities IA has been
perpetrated In the South recently, they
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
scrsrs wnnr uomnrr,ISo.


Judge a. q. Norroll. Third judicial
district You request AN expression
81 opinion on the subject % the recent
iynchlnnn In the South ! have hut 1T
lie 10 cry. The majesty ~ tho law
should b. upheld az whatever cost or
hazard. IN Georgia or In Idaho N Kan
naH or In pcunnyiynnia; In South Caro-
lima or In ohio. Tho SCENES IN Georgia
lately. nu told by press dispatches. were
simply horfifyinH IN the extreme. and
the actors should hr made 60 feel the
full might % the laws powerful arm.
"iiut u must b. remembered that
those people would treat any other race
or color To- the same punlrhmsnt un-
der the same conditions. knowing ~
much about those people and thelr
Surroundings nh innat people do, ! deny
that such acts are Inspired solely by
malice and hatred toward the negro
race.
"Air. Editor. you can arouse the
spirit ~ rebellion and tho natural In
eiination to resent even In the innocent
and inufcualyc worm. by the treatment
sou oii.r. and while under uur govern
mont any treatment. however often
Hivc aud harmful. viii not Justify one
IN taking the law into his own hands.
ntili we know, and the world knowH.
that all mankind arc after all but hui
man with the same passions and feet
inEr. and worhinH under the ramc
moral Influence cultivated 60 greater
or less dcgruc. ana We also know that
nt times we. under powerful pfoyoCa.
ton, f0frrt our duties 20 ourselves. and
err. Ana yet the worst u b. feared
from such outbreaks ~ have referred
Ia. IL the dervncratinE influences these
thinFn viii have. and I might ray. are
bound 10 have. upon tho people who
commit them, and their Institutions.
hope 10 see tho law vlndlcnted, because
only IN the maintenance of order and
the enforcement ~ the law cnn any
community hope or expect 20 DO free
aud IIuaffHfW
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
NJ SYMPATHY wirn MONS.
nlshop whitney say. rhey Are IN. Worst
Enemies . Government Can Have.

lilshop o. y. whitney.---I have no
lympathy with moba. Tiny and those
who lnoh.e them nrc the worst enemies
frcc government can have. The vN-
cesrea they commit have always been
The strongest or most plausible argu-
ment used by tyrnnts against free In
fitutlonn and the spirit % democracy.
The horrors u the French evolution
which was simply mobncracy In power
Hfolidified tho Hentlmeuf OF Europe
AGAINST France IN her struggle for lib
eity, and made possible. u no; abso-
luiely necessary, the lron'handcd dcs-
puuHm OF Napoleon. Bettcr that than
continuation OF the "ilciEn OF Ter
TOR" netter the "whiff OF gfapeHhot"
NJ the Tuilleries than the blood-~1aked
suillotine Of the Place de In concOrde.
heiter n mob put b. ilight at the can
opn'n mouth than n nation bchcadcd
aud bleeding az the feet OF a hydro
headed monster. Cutting III mad spleen
IN the lndiscrlminate slaughter OF In
nocent Ms well iu guilty Better one
dcspot than many, Homer was right In
sigmatixlng ~ the worst OF tyrants.
ne uaurping crowd
Whatever the provocation for the ~
cerf lynchlnga In Oeorgia--nnd II must
have been something awful or supposed
the deesa of these who executed ven-
Feanee upon the relf-oonfensed murder
=. Aili Nllthtl liNlHfltfs NhHl lARFff hNi
his probably Innocent fellow Victim,
lige Strickland. wer- deeds more be-
hitting mnniaca and ilendS than sane
men, hut moba are insane, temporarily
hercft ~ reason. Hwnycd only by PES
sion. Hence the danger and dcviliry
OF their deeds. In their hands the inno-
cent nre "a likely la ruifer aa the
guilty. n N only necessary 10 accuse,
and the mob N ready 10 slav.-hang,
cut, burn. torture and trampie under
loot. No. ! have no sympathy with
mohs, and no admiration for the rvck-
lesr blntherukitea, -ornfofH. editors, or
other demognauea who lnclie them. I
hympnthlxe with The wronged, and he
llcre In the proper punishment Of the
guilty. but men should BE- proved
Fuilty before they are punished. and
should then be punished lawfully ~
II better than ten guilty men should o..
cape thnp that one innocent man should
vurer' The laws delay tho faulty adj
minihtration OF Justice. may provoke
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
L.NauAor Sor srnoSn rSouun
To rspr--s Abhor-n-e reit Tor Tcr,ars
aud uutliatl.n ~ Negroes.

Edward Partridge. PRECEDENT ~ the
Utah sinke expressed himself IN this
WISE - have net words 10 fully cN-
press my nhhorencc ~ the cold hlnnded
and inhumnn acts committed by white
men In toriurinr ana fnutulntinr tho
negroes IN the recent iynchlnHH In the
south. while therr h doubtless come
remhiance ~ Justification for people Ia
take the law into their own hands To-
mete out justice TO Perpetrators 1f
heinous crimes where the ndminlHirn-
ton 81 tho law Il 80 diiniory that GRIM
innia ore liable 60 die ~ old are or -.
cane. before they can he condemned
ana executed. there certainly 10 no cx-
cure for civilized na1plc 10 resort a.
such harharnus practices na u'rtiihtlrg
and torturlng their victims m was done
In the cnreH alluded go.
Tho desire FOR such rruesome me-
mentorr ne was appropriated hy the
mob engaged In those lynchinrH indi-
Gates n lack ~ refining human Instincts
which should characterize civilized
communities. much more. thoae pro-
fesnnr 10 b. Christians, and shows
conclnslvely that II l. not necessary 20
seek In foreign lands for prolific fields
for missionary lnbofF"
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06

one Grim. Doe. No, Justify Ano,her-Aet.
Of q nsfbarous Age.

REV. J. c. Andrews. pasicr Of the
First baptist church condemns iawleas-
ness az follows.
The heart VI every patriotic Ameri-
can must have been piincd by the ~
cent ucorria outlawry. u matters little
thaf the perHpns were guilty Of a great
crime. one crime does not Justify an
other Acts of harharity unsurpassed by
any nsu cannot be- justified Ia the nine
tcenth century. In a civilized country.
and shall % d. said. Christian COM
munityf Had such thinEs occurred In
ftnnticii Turkey u might have
teen charged up TO their rcli-
claimed 10 be- a christian coun-
Try makes uu stand nrhnst' Has not
NlolOuc. reached auci, climax that
Christianity does not dare 10 lift hcr
modest head IN protest.
certainly these lynchngs cannot be
justified ON the rround that the courts
ore iouinnt towards tho colorod man.
II tho purpose r. 10 terrufisu and ihcrc.
hy check the crimes 81 culorcd mon. "
must b. acknowledged n failure thus
far Tor u has but nfuuTnd nntnronlfm
which promises rucu war, AMI which
never would have occurred had law and
Justice been allowed 70 take their
cuurre.
- wild mob cannot h. trusted 10 MI,
In judnmcnt as was proved by their
conforming another 10 death on the
testimony N une whom they had Just
burned NJ tho stake. and mutiiR,cd like
demons. and against the testimony
ard rrmnnHtfnnrn ~ his employer.
~ the law r. imr0tcni. and cannot
meet the demands ~ Justice. and chris
tianH ahirh iheir duty 10 what shall We
uurrui7 while southern soldiers have
nobly fought 90 llhornte the cnlored
man from spanish rule IN the Isles ~
tho sen. we can but rerrvt that they
nrr needed a. home 60 500 that their
coiorcd people are protected frnm mob
law. May this soon hc the happy turn
- aHNsaafsss
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
PEW PARALLELS IN uisrony.
Deportation Of the Negro Suggested u. q
Possible solution.

REV. ". y. Ciemenson. pastor OF the
Presbyterian church Ia Logan writes
the following "'rho crime Of the negro.
fam Hose, doubtless has fcw parallels
IN the history ~ southern barbarism.
" T. 20 ffiEhtful ~ dark and damn.
able. such display u awfui dcprivity,
~ 20 si,ien the atouteat heart. and
mako all right thinking people demand
lawle1sncss at any cost.
Yet when we stop TO think 81 H. u
Y not ~ strange after all that such
things should happen. In judging
sam Hose We must remember that he
y the result or system. The anti.
hcllum influence r. In the negro. lie
j. today largely what q hundred years
u slavery made him. and bis enyirunn
have no large tendency u mako him
otherwise
III IL not that the southern people
arc not an Intelligent aud generous
they have no affinity Tor the black man
inferior In every nbre Of his being.
and unworthy" 10 aspire 10 anything
that white man may doairo. The
prejudice In the Huuthrrn heart II 20
intense and deprecated that recon.
Citation between the two races seems
impossible. and hence something else
must b. done possibly Gen. Grants
Idea % deportation will yet b. found TO
be the most feasible.
IN estimating tho situation and
judging tho demon Hose. we ought not
e. lnse airht uf hir csfcutiuncfH. IN al
history u u poaFihio 60 nn1 more
hsndlsh Performance than that ~ tito
unraFcd Wohf Nna their conduct
MT even more dntnnAhlc than that 0f
their victimf II was revolution " the
highest character ana bnrhnHty u the
darkest hue. Tho nrgru WAS a creature
u circumstances lsith possibly the pass
sion ana lust u white ancestor
cuuraihg through hia veins. Ills muir
dufsrH were white men with education
and knowledge that ought Go have
taught them better, making honest law
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06

turn away In disgust and make n note
of u on the pages Of history. never to
be forgotten. while the government Of
these United States draws itself back
Into It's shell and sccpa quiet on the
subject. but continues 10 dictate 10 the
Fillp,nos and the Islands Of the sea how
TO become civilized. which perhaps We
arr amply able to do. but II seems that
the time has come for us 10 call halt
and step down into the very heart u
our civilization and cut this moral can.
Ger out. that Il fast destroying the
very vitaia Of our government"
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06

The News" presents TO It's readers
today a page Of interviews with lead
Ing Judges and ministers on the recent
lynching of ncgroa In the South. II
viii furnish good rVading TO thoughtful
persons u every character. especially
those who believe In maintaining the
majesty Of the law. II viii be OBJ
served that the lawlcauncSs referred to
IL condemned In strongest English.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1899-05-06
With One Mighty Voice Utah Ctr
zens Say: Enforce the Law. i"

zen. This horrible details Of the crime
are rccited In the public court room.
the victim II placed on the witness
stand and Vroaa-cxamlncd. she dies
second moral death and honcaforth
goes through life with n stigma upon
her name. Yes. iynchinE may not be
circumstances"