davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-04-28

Emperor Calgula had war machines which
initiated thunder and lightning ard threw
stones from their mouths. 1t Is probable
that gunpoWder was originally used by the
Chinese, not for hurting prnieetiles but 10
produce a great noise and suffering and
smoke, for the purpose Of frightening
rather than of injurng enemy, Tn, same
as they are now known to employ masks
and dragons.
The original gunpowder mixtures wero
very crude indeed, being sdltpetre. char
coal and sulphur or bitImen, mixed in
varying proportions
The idea Of employing FunpowGer as n
propelling agent for projecules probably
originated from the use of tha n,ateriaI N
rockets for the purpose IF rroircffnr, the
substance itself, coupled with he exDc-
dent of placing the rockets in a stone NOR.
tar or bronze pipe to give them direction.
The first projectiles other than rockets
Were OF stone, cast iron proJactiles not
having been invented until about the be-
ginning of the fifteenth century Mo-
manned II, in the siege of Constantinoplc
employed large bronze cannon for throwing
baIls OF stone to breach the walls of that
city. There is at Woolwich arsenal, in
England, bronze cannon which was used
by Mohammed II at that Siege. The gun
Is made in two parts. screwed together,
The powder chamber is much smaller than
the bore of the gun proper carrying the
pro1ectile, in order to provide sufficient
thickness of wall to withstand the high
initial pressure of an explosive probably
used in the form of a fine powder
Roger Bacon who died in the year 1851
has often been considered az the original
inventor of gunpowder. While he may have
been independent inventor of that ma
terial. he certainly was not the first to pro-
duce it.
Gunpowder. as originally made. consi ted
of a fine powder being "A simple mechanical
mixture of its separate Ingredients prob
ably saltpetre, charcoal and sulphur The
idea of making powder in cakes and than
breaking the cakes into grains probably
originated from the mixture of bitumen
with guEpowder or from moistening and
ramming hard to slow its combustion and
better adapt the material for use in rock
cts. We have however no account of
methodical granulation of gunpowder until
1925 in France.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-04-28
SKETCH OF AGUINALDO.
The Leader of the Insurgents in the
PhiliuDines,

Aguinaldo, the youthful leader of the reb
els in the Philippines, claims to have been
born in the province of Cavite, and at any
rate 1t was in this province that he was
first known a little boy. His friends say
that he was the son of a Spanish general:
his enemies in Manila that he was the off
spring of dissolute but learned Jesuit. At
the age of four he was house boy in the
home of Jesuit priest in Cavite. Aguinal
dos master was very kind man, and took
a deep interest in the welfare of his little
protege. He dressed him well, so much so
as to excite the notice and even the wrath
of some neighbors. More important still,
he gave the boy education, which,
though unequal to what every child re-
ceives in the United States, hundred
fold better than what is bestowed upon the
little Tagals of Luzon.
When he was fourteen or fifteen he was
enrolled in the medical department of the
POntifical University of Manila, under Pro-
fessors Nadia and outrage. About this
time Qn 1889 he had some trouble with the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-04-28
MUSIC IN THE ARMY.
One Matter in Which Our Country i
Long Way Behind.

Long Way Behind.
Mai. F. A. Mahan in the New York Tribune.
The law scarcely recognizes music in the
army of the United States, seeing that it
provides for one band only-that of the MIL
itary Academy. This band, which is little
better than an apology for band, being
the only one which belongs legally to the
military establishment, 1T may be interest
ing to see the number of bands maintained
by other countries. Austria supports more
than 100; Belgium, 90; England, 175; Brit
ish India, 70; France, 1875; Holland, II;
Dutch East Indies, 25 Germany, 357; Italy,
172; Russia, 2S2; Spain, 81; Sweden, 3S; Sax
ony, %; the republic of Ecuador, Il, and
Persia, on which we are inclined to look as
being but half civilized, has SO bands, with
an average strength of fifty men each, all
provided with the instruments of European
bands.
Compare these with the one little band
maintained by law in the United States the
richest country of the world. Year after
year have the authorities of the Military
Academy begged Congress to grant the
funds necessary for a band which should be
credit to the nation, and to one of the
leading military schools of the world; but
year after year has the prayer been disre-
garded. Congress will give nothing for
that which is recognized universally by
military men as one of the greatest moral
forces that can be brought to bear on the
soldier. Marshal Sake and Napoleon Bona
parte no mean auth critics, surely believed
firmly in music for their armies although
the latter cared little for it personaIIy
unlimited millions for pensions but not n
cent for that which rouses the courage of
the soldier, which enlivens his life in the
stagnatfon of the garrison, which cheers
his spirits on the weary march to the front
which reViVes him after the toll of con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-04-28

authorities and went to Hong Kong, where
there was a fair-sized colony of Philippine
exiles. He attended the drills and parades
of the British garrsons, frequented the
gunshops on Queens road, purchased fire
arms for his own use, and in every way
tried to increase his fund of practical
knowledge.
According to report, he crossed over into
KowlOon and served a short time in the
Chinese army, and there finding that moth
ing more could be learned from the corrupt
mandarins who differed the troops, but
never drilled them, he obtained his dis
charge and Joined the crew of a Chinese
warship which bad some European instruct
ors. During his stay in Hong Kong and
that neighborhood he gained a wide knowl-
edge of warfare, both military and naval
and read many works upon strategy and
the campaigns of Bonaparte. Wellington,
Won Moltke and Grant: and there are nu-
merous photographs in existence in that
city OF him in both soldier and sailor uni
forms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-04-28

and cause the withdrawal of the American
troops from the Philippine Islands, thus,
they claim, leaving the natives who have
assisted the Americans to the mercy of
Aguinaldos followers Under those cir
Cumstances men of property are reluctant
to risk the results of becoming identified
with the American regime.
Gen. Lawton's advance has been remarka-
bly, demonStrative of the resistleSS energy
which characterizes all his undertakings
The last troops forming his column only
reached Norzagaray today. The men were
badly played out, as during the past two
days they have dragged bullock carts over
rCadless jungles and through swamps, cut
ting their own way for miles. They will
nerS command, consisting of the Oregon
and Minnesota regiments, the troops will
resume the march westward cooperating
with Gen. MacArthur's forces in the i'm
portant enterprise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-04-28
The Outbreak.

At the breaking out of the great insur-
rection in 1896 Aguinaldo appears to have
been holding some political position under
a native politician in a provincial town.
With the outbreak of the revolt against
Spanish oppression, which was intensified
by the Infamous murder of Dr. Jose Rial
at Manila, Aguinaldo leaped into promi-
nence. The position which he took at the
first and the rapid progress he made show
strongly that he must have been an active
worker in the conspiracy OF which the reyo-
luton was the result. He was either A
colonel or a general at the very start: and
to him to a superior the chiefs reported
from other districts.
So wide was the revolution that the
Spanish forces were unable to cope with it.
Besides the revolution another danger and
a greater one confronted the authorities at
Manila. The native troops, who formed
the bulk of the army, had become more or
less disaffected, and the members of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-04-28
GUNPOWDER.

Evidence is at Hand to Prove It's
Early Use.
From the Ango-American Magazine.
We have evidence necessary TO convict
our judgment that gunpowedr must have
been known to European adventures long
before We had any authentic record of it
having been put to use in Europe. AS
early as the year go it is said that the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-04-28
Com ssiOn is HamDered,

The American commission is hampered in
it's work of enlisting the support of friend
ly Flipinos by the fear, expressed by many
of them, that the NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. may
obtain control of the American government
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1899-07-06

In 1896 the Helena Independent advo-
Gated cooperation on the part of the sill
yer organizations, in the hope of getting
in the hope of getting an office, and now
il favors a new paramount issue in the
hone of getting an office as the result of
far.hasb been an illegally awarded contract
for the state printing, for manipulating
which the next legislative assembly
ought to impeach Governor Smith.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1899-07-06
FREE COINAGE NOT MENTIONED.

In his Fourth of July address before the
Chautauqua society at Barnsville. Geor-
gia. Hon. w. ]. Bryan spoke at length
upon the greed of expansion and the
enormity of the trusts, but said nothing
about the free coinage of silver n gold
at a ratio of 16 to / by the independent
action of the American republic. His only
reference to the late paramount issue of
the democratic party was that the democ-
racy would not weaken on the money
question.
If the selection of some question other
than silver for a paramount issue does
not weaken the position of that party on
the financial proposition, how did the
making of that question the paramount
issue in 1896 strengthen the position OF the
democracy on bimetallism? 1t is a poor
rule that does not work both ways. II
making any question the paramounk is
sue strengthens it, the displacing of3that
question as the paramount issue cores
pondingly weakens it. If pushing free
coinage to the front in 1896 aided the
cause, RELOCATING it to the background in
1900 will injure it. What is the object OF
making any question under discussion in
| a campaign the leading issue, unless it be
| OF greater Importance han any other
question involved in the contest for po-
litical supremacy?
Mr.. Bryan said: 1.-The question of i'm
perialism will bring more votes out of the
republican party in the coming campaign
thar in any of the campaigns since the
last canvass of Abraham Lincoln" II
correctly reported the noted Nebraskan
was a little ambiguous in his language
but his evident purpose was to show tina
with 'anti-imperialism" for a paramount
issue the democrats could win more votes
thar with silver or anything else in the
foreground. And still, there are some ad'
vocates of free coinage who are willing
to pin their faith to the professions of TIN
democracy.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1899-07-06
WHY WA7TERSON SUPPORTS IT.

1t is stated by the democratic press
Louisville Cou%rier-Journal, and promin-
ent among the gold democrats, will sup
port the ticket recently placed in the field
by the bear-garden democratic state con-
vention in Kentucky. That convention
declared in favor of Bryan and silver,
hence the alleged support of Mr.. Waiter
son is heralded as throwing the blue
grass state into the hands of the BIZ
metallic wing of that party.
But before any silver man permits him.
! self to get enthusiastic over the course
pursued by the star-eyed goddess Of re-
! form, he should inquire into the motive
| behind the act. Mr.. Watterson will sup
port the Bryan democracy in Kentucky
only with the understanding that the par
amount issue in 1900 shall be some ques-
ton other han the free coinage of silver
He is perfectly willing to see a reunited
democracy carry the state of Kentucky
this fall, on any issue that may serve tt
bring it the necessary votes, for tina
commonwealth cannot remonetiZe silver
but when it comes to the national contes
he will insist that neutrality-suspicious. o
..anti-trusts" be made the question of tn
hour and silver be placed in the back
ground. Mr.. Watterson recognizes tn
pressure that is being brought to bear o
Mr.. Bryan, and is of the opinion that tn
gold democrats will not find it necessar
order to prevent the reconciliation {
the white metal.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1899-07-06

The Helena Independent has repeated
ly intimated that the Inter Mountain Is
called upon to choose "between bimetal-
lism and the postotfice." AS this paper
is in no way connected with the postof-
flee, past or prospective, we are at a loss
to understand what our contemporary
over the range is driving at. The Inter
Mountain does business solely upon its
income as a business institution. Unlike
the independent it does not vegetate upon
the ruins of a wrecked bank. depend upon
the dough of wealthy litigants in the
courts, or the generosity Of millionaire
aspirants to the senate.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1899-07-06
ACU/NALDO LOOKING THIS WAY.

That General Otis was right When he
stated that the Filipinos were inspired to
fight through the hope of Intervention on
the part Of Americans favorable to their
cause. has been proved by the statements
of those who are in fact disposed to criti-
else the course Of the administration. The
special correspondent of the Chicago Rec
ord, a paper that has attacked the policy
of the president whenever it could find an
opportunity to do so, writes from Manila
as follows:
The rainy season in Luzon is now prac-
ticaUy on, though the worst rains have
not vet begun. The situation here is still
unpromising. the indications being that
| the insurgents intend to hold out against
! the American government until the next
| presidential election in the United States,
! They have been led to believe by Aguin-
| aldo and his agents that the sentiment in
the United States is against the conquest
of the Philippines, and that the new
president will be elected or that issue and
will revolutionize the present policy al
Washington. :
The foregoing confirms the statement.
tive to the encouragement afforded The
Filipinos by the democratic press
Through the efforts of the democratic
leaders to create an issue for 1900 the wa
has been prolonged, and Aguinaldo II
looking this way for encouragement ant
aid in his fight against American occu
nancy Of the Philippines.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1899-07-06
you DON'T SAY so?
type.

In commenting on the Fourth of July
celebration in that city, the Helena Her
aid says:
The visiting people-and there were a
multitude of lnem-were as patriotic and
enthusiastic as our own.
This is indeed a remarkable concession
for the Herald to make. 1t is really un-
bic that the outsiders We're just
selves. but it is gratifying to know that
such was the case. 1t is barely possible
that some Of them overlooked the fact
that the state capitol building is purely
a Helena institution, and got enthusiastic
over the idea that possibly they owned
an interest in it.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1899-07-06

Last night the only son of Judge
Knowles was summoned to the other
shore, whittier the patient soul of the
little sufferer was waited on angel wings.
For long weary weeks the noble lad was
tortured by disease, and, 'twixt hope and
fear, his fond father buried within his
breaking heart the anguish of despair
and lent his energies to the arduous
duties of the federal bench. 1t was a
cruel fate that robbed a household of its
only son, yet destiny wraps its livery
about the ferns of men and in the UNI
form of grief life's pathway must be
trodden by us all. To Judge Knowles,
loved and respected as a just jurist and
an honest man, the ~sympathies of the
commonwealth will go, and every heart
| within the limits Of this great state viii
! share in part the sorrows of his home
May Heaven sustain him n his in the
ordeal through which they have beer
called upon to pass, and may the finger
of hope trace brighter lines along theil
lingering years of life.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1899-07-06
ONE MINUTE ROMANCE FROM
EVERYDAY LIFE.
FROM

A long. bare room, with white walls and
a. shining floor, on which the sunlight
fickered. Two rows of little children.
dressed alike in some sort of uniform,
facing a uninterrupted Sister of Mercy
and another woman from the outside
world. They paced slowly up and down
and scrutinized each little child, and the
stranger put her g.oved hand under one
girls chin and turned the wee dark face
ND to her sight. Then she went along
| the line, but glanced back now and then
| to the child she had noticed, and finally
returned.
II will take this one,' she said. Come,
! dear" She took the little hand In her
own. "What is your name?Z
"Alice," replied the little one.
"Alice what?"
mo; not Alice what. Des Alice
after this it will be Alice Joyce. Can
you remember? That's right. You are
my little girl now
The woman led her down the outside
steps. She looked back to see a crowd
of wondering child faces at the door, then
went contentedly away with her new
friend, and, after a time, the scene only
returned to her in dreams.
80
There was a reception on the Charles
ton. Ensign Snow stood beside Lieuten-
anu 6leIutIIillS do d SiouP vi l"uASH az
companied by the acknowledgements
came their way. Thu glance of the young
ensign met the soft brown eyes OF a
beautiful girl, and in a moment he was
bowling over her hand and murmuring
the conventional words of greeting in the
inimitable soldier way. A momen before
they had been absolute strangers. Now
each for the other seemed to make the
world complete. Naturally, as if fate,
unaided, had arranged the thing, they left
the groups of their friends and wandered
over the great white ship as If it were
a world unpeopled but by themselves,
They parted that day betrothed. But
through the girls sleep that night that
strange old dream ran ceaselessly. The
, long, bare room, the double row of little
{ children with strange Wlstful looks AND
/, one led out by a woman who bore hel
I mothers tender smile.
+ She awakened with a strange fear anc
went straight to the woman who haG
been to her all that n mother can be to a
child. To her she told that strange, oft
: repeated dream. But she laughed ant
soothed her.
"Of course, yau are my own, dear; m!
very own" she said.
And Alice forgot her fears and told TIT
sweet new happiness.
r In a wear Alice became the wife of tn
S gallant young sailor who had been trans
= ferred to the Asiatic fleet and was sta
toned at Hong Kong. Many letters
love-weighted, came from there to tn
lonely woman in San Francisco. Mrs
Joyce had failed greatly in health sine
Alice's marriage. But of that her cheer,
n letters gave no sign.
Al Your messages are food and drink t
me. beloved" she wrote to Alice, but on
- morning she held the last arrived in he
ID ma nds and stared at it for a long, lon
time, as il it had brought her anguish in
stead of JOY"
lie Mother. dear mother" it said; Sc! kno'
how to love you now. Because I have
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1899-07-06

OFFICE OF THE MERGED GOLD
Mining Company, 1919 Washington ST.,
Room 3O3, Boston, Mass, June &c, 1899.
Stockholders Of The MERGED Gold Min
ing Company are hereby notified that
payment Of the final installment Of three
dollars ($3) per share, duly called and
payable May %. 1899, is hereby required
! with interest at six per cent per annum
from that date.
Checks for payment should be drawn
! on New York or Boston banks, payable
to the order of w. ]. Ladd, treasurer, and
must be accompanied by the stock GER
~tifcate, in order that the certificate may
be stamped full paid and signed by the
treasurer.
All stock upon which said installment
and interest shall remain unpaid at the
close Of business on September 30th, 1899,
will thereupcn become forfeited.
BY order of the Board of Directors.
w. 7. ADD. Treasurer,
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1899-07-06

Alder Gulch Times (dsmD: Governor
Robt. B. Smith has announced the APP
pointment of Captain James F. Keen. of
Company C. Bozeman, to be major, vice
MAJOR James w. brennan, deceased.
While Captain Keen is undoubtedly a
capable and efficient officer, Captain
George w. Ref of Company D, this city,
is the ranking captain of the regiment,
and should have received the appoint
ment, as he was in line for promotion to
the majority; but the governor evidently
does. not go so much on merit as political
! qualifications. Captain Refs friends,
and they are legion. feel that he has been
unjustly treated at the hands of the gov
| grnOr
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1899-07-06
NOTICE OF MORTGAGE FORE
CLOSURE.

Notice is hereby given that default has
been made in the payment of a certain
mortgage bearing date the 18th day OF
July, 1898, made and executed by Hugo
Schrepfer Of Butte, Montana, to Donat
Dorais of the same place, to secure the
sum of three hundred and fifty (350.0o)
dollars with interest thereon at the rate
Of one per cent per month from date un-
til paid, which said mortgage was re-
corded in the office OF the county clerk
and recorder of Silver Bow county, Mon
tana, being the county in which the
remise conveyed by said mortgage was
and are situated, on the 14th day of July,
1893, on page 1856 Of Book w Of Mortgages,
records of said Silver Bow county; that
| there is now due from the said Hugo
Schrepfer to the said Donat Dcrais for
principal and interest on the said mort
gage and on the debt secured thereby,
the sum of three hundred and eighty
eight dollars and fifty cents G3Ss.5C>;
that no action or proceeding at law or
otherwise has been instituted to recover
the debt secured by said mortgage, or any
part thereof.
Now therefore, notice is hereby given
hat by virtue Of the power of sale con-
tanned in said mortgage and pursuant to
the statute in such cases made and pro-
vided, the said mortgage will be fore
closed by the sale of said m~ortgaged
premises as described in said mortgage
and hereinafter described, at public auc-
ton, by the sheriff Of Silver Bow county,
; Montana, on the 18th day Of July, 1899,
at II o'clock in the forenoon Is said day
to the highest bidder for cash, TO pay the
amount due on said mortgage as atore-
aid, together with the sum of f1f,y (xSc.00)
dollars attorneys fees provided for In
said notes and mortgage and the dis
bursements allowed by law; the sale sale
to AXE place a. the front door Of the
court house in Butte. Silver Bow county
Montana.
The following is a description of sale
mortgaged premises:
The "North STAR placer mining claim
situate in Silver Bow county. Montana
, located by Onesime Pilon on the End da,
of April, 1899, and recorded in the record!
: of said county in Book A of Placer
! Locations, at page 242.
/ DONAT DORAIS,
' Mortgages.
Dated this 18th day of June, 1899.
JOHN N. KIRK.
Attorney for Mortgagee.
p. H. REGAIN,
Shit riff of Silver Bow County. Montana
BY JAMES NJ. REYNOLDS, Deput.
Sheriff.