davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13
Read the Advertisement.

You VIII enjoy this publication much
better If you will get into the habit of
reading the advertisements; they will
afford a most amusing study, and
will put you in the way Of getting some
excellent bargains. Our advertisers are
reliable; they send what they adver-
tise.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13
Had Her Donhtn-

Hes a very wise young man." said
Maud.
Il don't know whether he is or not"
answered Mamie. HE lectured for
ten minutes on mistletoe, and yet he
doesn't seem to recognize 1t when he
sees it.'-Washington Star.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13
A sea0oned Compliment.

Culler-Rather a dry way Deafby
mas OF returning a greeting. 1 gave
him a merry Christmas and"
Muller-Yes?
Culler-He said, "Hemp-Judge.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13
Geftinw hi etrninh4

"1kus Adolphus Wierry is out doing
Hamlet in the small towns, I under.
stand"
you mean he is doing the small
towns in Hamlet philadelphia
North American.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13
FOR WOMAN AND HOME
ITEMS OF INTEREST FOR MAIDS
AND NATIONS.

The Cause of Old MaIds-some Hints
Tor the Kitchen-How to Blake Mince
Pics-current Notes of the FASH
Iona.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13

The Earl of Warwick could make
kings, but could not make himself
king, and some modern bosses appear
to be in the same condition,
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13

The average political orator who
bowls about the independent life of
the farmer doesn't know an OK yoke
from a horse collar.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13
Health for Ten Gents.

Cascarets make bowels and kidneys act
naturally destroy microbes, cure headache.
and constipation. All druggists
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13
RGnTfaUah

81 would like to tell you a funny sto.
ry about my little boy"
"Oh, well, go ahead"
"But l have forgotten it,
Say? Don't you want a good ci-
garY'-Indianapoljs Journal.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13

Great leaders die, but principles are
eternal. Leaders are not always
buried when they die, however.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13

-, UHVEHIs
The Mourner From Michigan-Poor
Old Bluegrass! I'm sorry he's gone!
The Mourner From Mississippi-Yes:
he'd have enjoyed the whisky as much
as any of us.-Puck.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13

Lemon mlncemeat is a PASTRY fliino
that a h~ousekeeper says is an esteama5
dainty in her family, It is made rron,
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13

Bitter words often result from Bit
Ing a persimmon before It Is ripe.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13
no CURE A COLD nm oNu n.

rake laxative Bromo Quinire Ia lets An
DRUGGISTS refund the money Ii 1t fails to cure
zoe. The genuine has L. n 9. on each tablet
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13

1t is a well-known fact that even
when actresses have beautiful Jewels
and lace of their own they nearly al
ways wear imitation jewelry and pa
per lace on the stage, for from the
front" the counterfeit-especialIy in
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13

EVIL Is wrought by want Of thought
as well as by want Of heart.-Hooa.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13

SWANSON RHEUMATIC CURE COMPANY:-I would like To tb enk I von eov
your great remedy "5 DROPS", and tell you whatit he's done orr e had Rhenms.
um In every joint and in the hearts, and had CMarrh of the Head fs 80 years 7 "a,
so poorly aattII llostthe USE my legs and arms and could lot nov without pain. j
good doctor, told me thatmy rheumatism and Catarrh were incurabe
Inc believed him. Butnow, after using 80 Drops" only wv month"; 7 an trnIy
gu Il ave lei so Wellfor seven years. This medicine does poret this is aimed
torL Attms time my Catarrh is much better and have scarcev M RheumanMm
at all n the heart weakness and pain are gone. My hearing is TO- 700 and INV
eyenghti is much better Ihaye gained more than 10 pounds of flesh and car do a fun
tpr It has the same effect Oh the child as on the mother It wards OF Group and cures
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13
SIX TESTIFY TO ITS TRUTH,

w to God and suffering humanity to announce to you and all the world that am yet
IN therng wit huntodt thousands oil other,t to testify to thu great merits your vMu
able remedy called IS DROPS" Ibeheve was the first sufferer il this part te
aun to learno Of the existence of "5 DROPS" some three yearsa o 1 was then badly
umuc.Sm with rheumatism ,Catarrh, etc, which my letcro Of an 49, 1896 July speaks
OF. An car sayi I. DROPS" cured me-. To MAKE a long story short, "5 DROPS"
- DROPS" remedies around here 1t has cured mMec aseeo of Rhematsn. Scatca
Neuralgia, and many other pains thana n otherm medicine that has ever been sold y
heard IT, For the ltt three earsI have notced the effect "5 DROPS" has on the
9ck, through my W observations as vel as m brother, who is a pracicingp hysL
can ad Uses IN 81 Drops" n his practice. All ye that wish for further informa-
moR Wits and you are suret get arepy without any delay. Iwm Gas I have done
myself can never forget what this remedy has done for M and many others.
Yours vey truly, VIM NJ. KELLEMS, Siberia Ind.
Witnesses to the above: JasB Brady, J. R. Cox E. r. H1f S Taylor DR. S W
Kelems, inc. Hays all Of Mia,I Ind.
The W nderul success that hsa attended tei introduction OF" IS DROPS" is Unprecedented
mtheh history fthew world Thinko ftt Ithas CURED more thanO One Million land a Quarter
SomEm wmn me Mt three years This must appeal to you M million aDda Quarter
pSopBm cannot III e mlst@n. nSunerng we tuty you may have sufdentco confidence to- send
frnrec large boteSo Of DROPS" fol 1880 which wills surely cure you If mot then send for
aSiObothe vMch contains enough medGinet o more hanpr prove it's wonderful curative prop
critics. Pre@Idh mai or express This wonderful curative gives almost instant relic and
aches Heart eatness, oothach Earache Group "a Grippe, Malaria Creeping
Numbness, BrOnchni9a ant kindred dseases.
AR RRODSs7 Isl name and dose LARGE B BOTTLE @odoS@so sL %G9 pre-.
by W nd our agents Agents ppontedm Vow Territory. Write today
SWANSON RHEUMATIC CURE Co., 1877 Dearborn 5ty Chicago, III.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1899-04-13
the back is formed with one long tail
OF hair tWenty-eight inches in length.
HOW TO MAKE MrNcE PIES.

Rich Mlnce Meat for Pies.
one cup chopped meat, one and one
cups r~aisins, one and one-half
The true northerner., 1899-03-15

Notice.
l have a number of select farms, large
and small. Also some fine village prop
erty. Houses and lots at sacrifice prices.
Parties wishing buy will do well to see
me before purchasing.
e. E. DOWNING,
62tfl Real Estate Agent,
Paw Paw, Mich.
The true northerner., 1899-03-15
Black Dress Goods.

In Black Dress Goods the department offers tempt
ing fabrics in Crepons. Whip Cords Eppinges Popns
Sian Brantne Seges and Henretta and prices entirely
consistent with the high standard of quality.
lot Silk Waist Patterns have been showered into this
store You ought them They just handsome.
Innings very important feature connection with Dress
Goods For Skirt Innings Portia Rosaind Midnight Fast
Black Perca Silk and sc respectively excellent Innings
besides Arlington Seges and Pyramid Perca Silks in the better
grades of Fast Black Skirtngs Our Black Moreen Skone with
Cerse Figured Sprays popular number besides Bright
Red Cese Light Blue and Drab Silkones priced
The true northerner., 1899-03-15
Fashionable Dressmaking.

l will open September new dressmak-
ing parlors in the Conner building, oppo-
site the abstract Office, and will be pre-
pared to do all work in the best and most
artistic manner. Old friends and new
ones are invited to call.
67tfl Mrs. G.. r. OCoBoCK.
The true northerner., 1899-03-15

W SELLICk--bHV SHUES
AWOrd Ab0utShO6S
TO OUR REGULAR SHOE CUSTOMERS WE DESIRE TO
MENTION THAT WE ARE SELLING
Cutler, LuOnS 4 Fields Shoes.

Mems Cbidren the spring lasts; Drew
Selby Co.'S Ladies Fine Shoes and have transit Thomas g.
Plant Cos Famous Queen Quality So 90 Shoes for Ladies' These
three makes well known require comments from
To those that have bought of the above makes
solicit trial well knowing will be profitable for them
and will lead further shoe between AS the
styles the fastest they the best of service and
comfortable the Three prominent features for shoe
purchasers contemplate.
The true northerner., 1899-03-15

The leading fire insurance companies
represented by T.. II. PARKS.
The true northerner., 1899-03-15

WANTED: statesmen to sell the
best speciality ever placed on the market.
Staple article and ready seller, affording
large profit. There is a steady and
increasing demand for it in all sections.
No samples required. Address,
t6o96l Manufacturer" Cleveland. Ohio.
The true northerner., 1899-03-15
Carpets and DraperieS.

We the fore with Carpets Linoeums Straw Mat
tng Drapee Drapery Materials Lace and Rued Net Curtains
showing stock that would do credit much larger than
Paw Paw Our prices will be much lower for the best
grades Paw
department when ready for the much talked of carpet
The true northerner., 1899-03-15


Schedule of teachers examinations for
1S9S-99
At Paw Paw, March, (begining last
Thursday; for all grades.
At Bangor, June, beginning third
Thursday; for second and third grades.
Office days-every Saturday.
WELLS G.. Brown,
Commissioner of Schools.
The true northerner., 1899-03-15
HECKERT NOMINATED
IN THE JUDICIAL CONVENTION
AT LAwTON YESTERDAY.

cAss COUNTY DELEGATION GRACEFULLY
CONCEDED VAN BUREN's CLAIM TO THE
NOMINATION ~ THE UTMOST HARMONY
AND GOOD FEELING MARKED THE CON
TEST.
The true northerner., 1899-03-15
Wanted.

Hustling, energetic agent, either man or
woman, in every town and county in the
United States and Canada; no schemes,
no gifts, no humbugs. Straight, honor
able, legitimate business. We furnish
best of bank reference. Send for our
Wholesale Price List and particulars.
American Tea Co., Detroit, Mich. [63o95
The true northerner., 1899-03-15

G5g- Money to loan on real estate.
h. +. PARKS.
The true northerner., 1899-03-15
Windmill and Tank.

Now in the court yard, property of tn,
county, will be sold to the highest bid
der, at the front door of the court house
Saturday, March Is, at p. m.
W. G. WILDEY,
w. j. THOMAS.
The true northerner., 1899-03-15

buy direct from the quarries, without
the aid of middlemen, and so save all
commissions.
do not sell by agents. do keep a
large stock to select from. do save you
one-fourth in price. 1t will pay you to
come here.
The true northerner., 1899-03-15

The leading fire insurance companies
represented by T.. +. PARKS.
II. w. McCsbe. uctioneer,
Paw Paw, Mich. Services always salts
factory. Terms reasonable. If
Upholstering.
G. w. Dean and G. Roediger, upholster
ers have located here for few weeks and
invite all citizens who have work in their
line to do, to call upon them in Grange
Hall building. They are prepared to
give estimates, and guarantee all work to
be first-class and best style. They also
carry fine line of covers. Mr.. Dean has
been with Horace Prentice x Son of Kala-
mazoo for the past years. SStf.
Found.
Strayed into my enclosure a Black
Poland China Sow. Owner can have
property by proving same and paying
charges. II. p. SHARP,
tf-Foreman Maple Knoll Farm.
gy- Money to loan on real estate.
h. F. PARKS.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-04-22

Senator Shoup writes a frier d
in Boomers Ferry that Re hopes to
visit this place next fall He will
be cordially welcomed.
The S. S. Alberta is now able
to get up to the dock at the Galena
Landing, the river having come up
high enough to permit the big boats
to get over the bar.
MIR. B. G. Hemminger's face is
"puffed up like porpus" this week
from the humps. Mr.. w. r.
Shauher has also enjoyed (?J the
run of the disease.
Casey & Crane have received
full line of Ladies' Sailors and
Children's Hats which they intend
to close out at very low price.
Don't fail to see us.
.-Silkoline, Indian Linen, calico,
percale, prints, bingham, veilings.
dress Innings, outing flannel etc,
Just arrived at The Cash Dept. Store
Mr.. J. A. Ball was transacting
business in Spokane during the
week. His son Elmer returned With
him.
The anti gambling law goes
into effect on May 4, and ar exodus
of gamblers is predicted at that
time. An effort will be made TO
run games in the club rooms.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-04-22
Steamboats, Now Arriving Reg
ularly at Boomers Ferry.
LOCAL NEWS ITEMS
$4,000 Paid Out This Week by
the Contractors Whose Head
quarters are at Boomers Ferry.
The Town Trustees Moving.

This week was pay week on
the Kootenei Valley Railway and
at least $4,000 was paid out to the
men. The business houses of Bon
ners Ferry have been doing heavy
business.
Hon. Bartlett Sinclair, State
Auditor, arrived home on Thursday
and is spending few days in the
city. Mr.. Sinclair's appearance
would indicate that official life at
the state capital was not disagree
able in any particular. He repre-
sents that the relations between the
democratic and silver republican
members of the state administration
could not be more harmonious. He
speaks in very compliments ry
terms of all his associates in the
capitol building. He expects to
leave for Boise on Sunday.
Happy is the man or woman
who can eat a good hearty meal
without suffering afterwald. 1t
you cannot do it, take Kodol Dys
pepsia Cure. 1t digests what YOU
eat, and cures oil foims of Dyspep
STA and Indigestion. J. F Cook.
Before the discovery of One
Minute Cough Cure, ministers were
greatly disturbed by coughing con-
gregations. Nc excuse for it now
j. f. Cook, Jr.
A young man by the name of
Frank Parrott died of consumption
at tue home of the Holdships last
Saturday evening He wss about
rs years Of age, and his people live
in Wisconsin. He came here from
Port Hill a few days previous to
his death. He had a ranch near
that place. He had no relatives
here, but was an old acquaintance
of the Hold'hips.
GA TO- RIA.
H. /.
Bear. til. ~ The Kind You Have AWAY. Bought
signature of E1HZzzZax
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-04-22
@ n - TO R L "a.
Bears the Il The Kind You Have Always Bought
Signature of &>z2Azzx

The new board of trustees of
Boomers Ferry have held several
meetings this week with a view to
getting their policies in working
order. They have concluded tLat
a new set of ordinances was requir-
ed and Attorney S. E. Henry has
been employed to draw up the
document. Walter Severn has been
appointed road oTerseer, and Geo.
Evans town marshal. The new
ordinances will require a license
from dance halls and will provide
for fines for immoral houses. 1t
will not be the policy of the board
to make any extensive street i'm
provements until after the high
water period.
Mr.. James E. Dolan returned
from Lewiston yesterday, where he
had been on official business. He
reports meeting Jas. McRae at
Lewiston, bound for Buffalo Hump;
also John Donahoe, formerly of this
place, headed in the same direction.
tle also met A. L. Jameson,
another Boomers Ferryite, who is
located in Lewiston.
Mrs. ]. R. Shevalear, formerly
of this place, but later an employee
of the ". U. Company, on the G..
n. returned to the Ferry during the
week, accompanied by her sister-in-
law, Miss Shevalear. Mr.. Shevalear
is now at Blackfoot, Mont, employ
ed as cashier for the company.
He will return to the Ferry in a
few weeks. They intend making
their future home here, and will
occupy their cottage.
MIR. James Casey has been con-
fined to his room with a very severe
attack of the mumps, and other
members of his family have also
been i'll from the same malady.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-04-22
Hummer 6. Ginzkey's Bank Closes.

Hummer & Ginzkey's Bank Closes.
The Entering Wedge. of Durand,
Wisconsin, of April 10, contains an
occount Of the failure of the Elk
change Bank, of Alma, that state.
The bank was owned by Hummer
q Ginzky. The Runners are well
and favorably known here, and
their misfortune will be regretted
by their many friends here. The
" edge SAYS:
Asa result of the fire of last week
which destroyed the Alma Touring
mills, Hummer & Ginzkey's bank of
Alma has been closed The mill
company had liabilities amounting
to $4,000, If which $4,000 was
secured by insurance and mortgages
on the plant and other real estate.
The bank liabilities are between
$4,000 and 100000, assets unknown.
One item of the assets is the mill
ing company's n tie for $4,000.
The insurance amounts to nearly
this sum, but half of it is made
payable to Thomas Irvine of st.
Paul, who holds first mortgage on
the prope rty. Even if the whole
sum of insurance is collected, no
part Of it will go to the bank. 9th
er assets of the bank are real estate
in the state of Washington and at
West Superior.
The prospect is that the deposi
tors will get little. Three or four
of the La Crosse banks are interest
ed in small way, the total being
about $4,000, all but $4,000 being
we'll secured
Mr.. Hummer, principal owner OF
the bank, is a brother of John
Hummer eX state treasurer, who is
operating in lumter and mines in
Washington.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-04-22
Notice..

AS | intend closing my Laundry
and leaving Boomers Ferry about
May 3D., all persons having laundry
work in my care will please call
for same before that date.
Mrs. NJ. NJ. WHITE.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1899-04-22
BUY N. P LANDS.

A great cut in prices of these
lands in Kootenai Valley. Parties
desiring To purchase apply for prices
and information to.
CHAs. O'CALLAGHAN.
Bonners Ferry.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-18

that city his home ever since. He was
graduated from Racine college in 1871
and soon after entered the First Ma
tional bank of St. Paul. He began as
clerk, was promoted to cashier and in
1882 became president of the Merchants
National bank of that city, a position
which he still holds.
He began his political career as mem
Der of the state legislature. He served
as speaker of the house and in 1888 was
elected governor of Minnesota, serving
two terms. a
Ever since Mr.. McKinley's election
there have been rumors that Mr.. Mer-
Ram was a candidate for various Of
fees, from cabinet member down. 1t is
a well known fact that his reward for
political services has been delayed be-
cause of the opposition Of Senator Da-
Wis of Minnesota Between these two
there is understood to have been a po-
litical and domestic feud which ended
peacefully only a short time ago.
AS director of the new census Mr..
Merriam will be a very busy man for
the next few months. Between now
and the 1st of July he must organize a
force of more than $1,000 men. includ-
ing assistants, clerks, statisticians and
collectors. Already he is almost swamp
ed with applications.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-18

SILVER VAULTS OFNEw PHILADELPHIA MINT.
store this money in a hole in the ground
without making sure that the hole is a
very secure and inaccessible one.
The silver dollar vault which has just
been built for the new mint is the lar
gest one in the world, the treasury at
Washington being the next nearest in
size, and it is as strong as it is large.
Even if it stood in the open lot un-
guarded by any human being it would
be almost an impossibility for the most
gifted burglar to force an entrance in
to it.
1t is built on a bed of concrete three
feet deep, which rests on rock bottom.
It's inner walls are inclosed in steel,
and a brick wall three feet thick and
laid in concrete surrounds the whole OF
the huge treasure vault. Thus even
when un-supplemented by the ingenious
arrangement of it's time and combine
ton locks the vault presents an almost
impenetrable exterior.
Several very interesting and unusual
questions of construction have come up
during the building of this safe deposit.
Superintendent Cameron admits that he
was fairly puzzled as to how he should
keep the vault dry. What success he
has had is evident when you run your
bare hand over one of the walls. Not
a drop of moisture or a suspicion OF
danpness meets your inquiring fingers.
Each compartment in the place has
its walls painted blue white and is
lighted with little electric lights. All
the floors are painted a dull mud color
so that they will not show dirt, and
every compartment is locked off from
the main corridor by a 1atticework
door, wnich shuts off securely the 81
500, 600 capable of being accommodated
in that amount of space. When the
boxes of dollars are stored in the CEN
trail corridor as well, the vault will hold
$125, 000. 900.
The main doors It the entrance of the
vault are beautiful pieces of mechan-
ism. When they are finished, they will
bear some exquisite etching that is al
most as noteworthy as the locking de-
vices employed OF them. The hinges
to these doors weigh about 5000 pounds
apiece and pivot on ball bearings and
steel rollers. After the door is locked
it will require $500, 900 pounds of power
to pull it off it's bearings.
In event OF an explosion from the ex-
terror of the door and the dislodgment
of some Of the locks there is a dog
which drops into place and locks the
door even more securely than before.
Just outside of the vault is a wooden
building which is to be used as the
watchman's room. The guard over this
treasure is changed three times in "a
hours, and an elaborate system of re-
porting is to be carried u by the men
on duty. Their room is connected with
the nearest district station, and the
guard Of the vault is obliged to ring up
the station house every hour. So as a
matter of fact this hole in the ground
is a very safe place for Uncle Sam'7
silver reserve.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-18

al cences oT The K16zffas Cub ID artistic.
nee had d friend Iii Colorado, Z says
M} Joy, who WAS living alone on a
sriall ranch. A snake crept into his cabin
ole night and made d nest under the fire.
place in the kitchen. III disturbed nobody,
ami might have lheen living there yet if
my friend hadn't watched for the thief
who was robbihg his dairy every night.
Thp thief turHed out to be Mr.. Snake,
WHIP, after drinking all the milk it could
hoti, would {glide back to its nest under
the fireplace and keep quiet until the same
houf the gEext night. Ny friend was rather
pleased With the snakes appearance. He
was a good looking snake, with q gorgeous
skin, honest eyes and a sweet, musical rat
tie that sounded like a xylophone. Won
by the snakes general department., bar
ring the milk thefts, this gentleman CON
cluded to reform the reptile and educate
him. For six months he labored and not
in vain. BY the next Christmas he had
broken that snake Of stealing milk and
had taught him to sit UP in a chair and
sound a rattle for anything he wanted
when he was hungry. The snake slept in
a hanging basket and by and by grew so
dainty in its tastes he would not pollute
his fangs by killing a rat"
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-18

off, Woodworking and with very definite
views on the conduct of municipal at
fairs.
Alderman Kelliher is a tailor in the
employment of a firm in Great Georges
street. He got the top vote in the ward,
for which his wealthy employer would
not have had the ghost of a chance OF
being elected.
The wags of Cork now hire Alderman
O'Connor to drive them to Alderman
Caves bootshop to be measured by the
alderman in person for a pair of shoes
and thence to Messrs. Cleburnes' out
fitting establishment to get a coat fitted
by Alderman Kelliher.
The carpenters have three OF their
tradei in the Cork council. In addition
Creams, the new mayor, a follower OF
Mr.. Dillon in the house of commons,
served his time at the bench.