The record-union., 1899-03-30
IDEAS ON SOIL and CROPS.
FARMERS HEAR PROFESSORS
AT COURTLAND.
Second Days Session of the Insti-
tute Proves Very Sue
cessfu1.


and little time was lost during the en-
tire day. The Chairman kept the
speakers moving without much inter-
mission, but the day opened with the
reading of questions from the question
box Professor Fowler opened the box
and answered most of the questions.
He objected to planting alfalfa with
nursing crop, because alfalfa needs
plenty Of light and heat
Senator j. w. Johnson spoke, saying
that he disagreed with Professor F'ow-
Ter. He believed in sowing barley with
alfalfa, saying that the lands were rich
enough to give alfalfa and barley
crop.
THE nursing crop must be cut
early" said the Senator, "and the al
falfa will then spring up while the soil
is moist
Professor Fowler said he would mod
ify his answer, owing to the variety of
lands throughout the State. In the San
Joaquin Valley he had found nursing
crops inadvisable, owing to the scant
and spindling growth of alfalfa follow
ing. He found all rules subject to
failure in the rich lands of the Sacra-
mento River The Professor said bar
ley had been sowed as a nursing crop
in many places to shade alfalfa and
prevent baking, but this would not ap-
ply along the Sacramento River.
y The Professor said he would be
pleased to send the University bulletins
on agricultural subjects to any persons
who would send their addresses to the
Agricultural Department of the State
University The Professor recommended
the Bordeaux mixture" for fungi, say
ing it was a good thing to prevent the
termination of spores on leaves. For
making five gallons of the Bordeaux
mixture he recommended half pound
of lime and half pound of bluestone,
and instructed the farmers to dissolve
the bluestone and shaking the lime
separately, to be mixed when cool.
When the leaves are off the mixture
may be increased to double this
strength.
Professor Fowler next took UP the
discussion of the codling moth. his sub
ject being 1.-The Latest Methods of Com
batting the Cooling Moth and Pear
Scab." He said Paris Green had been
found the best of all known remedies
for killing codling moths.
Spraying to reach the MOTH" he
said, depends upon the district in ques-
tion. In all districts three sprayings
are necessary, but in many places, TIE
best growers spray six or eight times.
The first spraying should be just after
petals drop, but do not spray during
the blossoming, for the formation period
should be left unsprayed. Spraying
Should be every sixteen days to three
weeks. The fall or winter apple trees
should be sprayed often. The fact is
you cannot eradicate the moths entirely
but the best you can do is to fight them.
The codling moth will be with US al
days, and our only chance is to cleanse
the orchards.
In using the Paris Green spray you
must be careful to make it a light
mist, for if this spray drips or forms in
drops you have gone too far The re-
suit is that the Paris Green rolls off
and you have to spray over again. Your
trees should be far enough apart to
allow team to be driven between the
rows with ease"
The speaker said there had been
great deal of trouble about Paris
Green, much of the earlier substance
having been badly adulterated.
Professor Jaffa replied to a question
by farmer, who asked, "Wll the lime
kill the arsenic in the Paris green?" He
Vsaid, Nothing will destroy the arsenic
poison, and it would be a dangerous ex-
speriment to think so.'
Speaking of the pear scab, Professor
= Fowler said, in part: Il recommend
Ithe Bordeaux mixture for the pear scab,
'.for it is the best thing yet discovered
sfor the purpose. I believe in working
dry Paris Green into the mixture,
quarters Of an ounce to each five
gallons of water. The mixture is used
at the same time you first spray for
codling moth
In reply to a question by Senator
johnson the speaker said that pear scab
and other fungi do best in moist
weather. He believed a sharp shower
had tendency 10 interfere with the
growth of fungi.
Recurring to Paris green, the speaker
dwelt on the Importance of spraying
with Paris green very lightly to get its
benefits.
Professor Jaffa followed with his lee
ture, entitled, balanced and Unbal-
anced Rations.'' He began by saying:
THE cost of milk under balanced ra-
tions has been shown to be third less
than under indiscriminate feelings. l
twenty -four hours for an animal weigh
ing one thousand pounds. 1t is butter
fat that we want for hutter, yet the
best results are not from an excessive
supply of fat-producing foods. Other
than fatty foods are transformed into
butter fat in the organism of the cow.
Experiments have been tried at va
rious stations in New York to prove
what I say. Feeding two pounds of tai
low day to a COW does not increase
the butter fat, for the COW must have
protein elements and carbohydrates
Alfalfa alone contains te much nitro
genous matter, and is not to be reconl-
mended, but It is good with wheat hay
and bran in proper proportions. Ten
pounds of alfalfa hay, 10 pounds of
wheat hay, and pounds of bran give
about a proper ration; but the protein.
is brought closer by giving II pounds Of
alfalfa, 13 of wheat hay and of bran.
Alfalfa hay alone as roughage is not tn
be recommended.
Without the chemical analysis of
foods one would go blindly, but to fol-
low it alone is foolish. Squash is good
food if fed judiciously. but a chemist
ignorant of feeding rules would think
Very little of it, Succulency is a great
feature of squash, and succulency is
the thing for food for cows; so common
sense and chemical rules must go hand
in hand. Silage straw and squash
added to the ration of alfalfa. wheat,
hay and BRAN make good ration.
Another ration often used is -
pounds of oat hay, of wheat bran, 5
"a