davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12

Exports of leather. says the Shoe and
Leather Reporter, continue to show 4
gratifying increase. Ten million dol
lars worth of buff grain splits and finish
ed upper leather we're exported last year
as against less than three million dol
lars worth ten years ago Oar glazed
kid manufacturers have il particular
made notable progress. Only few
years ago they were having difficulty in
competing with the French manufac-
turers in our own market. Last year
besides completely supplying the home
market, they exported about quarter
Of million dollars worth Of their own
product. American exports of upper
leather of all kinds in recent years fur
nish remarkable record
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12

There are already signs that the policy
of Protection for home Industry is 60
ing to have hard fight for its exist
enee in tie next national campaign; and
unless we are mistaken the argument
against Protection supplied BY combina
tons Of manufacturers will be of force
that it can with difficulty be overcome
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12
Red Hot From The Gun

Was the ball that bit G. B. Steadman
of Newark. Mich. in the Civil War. Il
caused horrible Ulcers that no treat
ment helped for 20 years. Then Buck
lens Arnica Salve cured him. Cures
Cuts, Bruises. Burns, Bois, Felons,
Corns, Skin ErruE tons Best Pile cure
on earth 25 cts box, Cure guaran-
teed. Sold by La Plata Drug Store.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12

Mr. Bryan forgot to mention in his
speech to the workingmen in New York
the other night, that there are more
people actually employed, better wages
paid, more moneF in circulation and
more manufacturing establishments in
operation now than ever before in The
history Of the country.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12

The TALES, man in the United States
Navy has been selected to take the part
of Uncle Sam III the Peace Jubilee to be
held in Washington on the %, -, ann
25 inst The man who will repr, sent
this character is Chief Yeoman Wills.
who stands 6 fee; I inches and is well
proportioned.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12

Twenty-Five years ago." says Tn,
Kansas City Journal, "a Russian lad d
l6 yesrs arrived in Hays City, Kan,
direct from the River yOlgl He was
dressed in a sheepskin coat, and his frs
act on stepping from the train was to
light his pipe with flint and steel Last
week Hays City inaugurated fine cleo
trio light system, of which this Russian
lad is the sole proprietor.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12

The recent increase in wages Of a
million workingmen throughout the
United States is causing the supporters
Of the Chicago platform to seriously
consider revision of their plans for run
ming the issues of 1896 in the campaign
of 1900
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12

A German in Germany who was
charged with numbering bis three wives
wa 5 let off with a conviction Of man.
slaughter = slight punishment for a
triple womenslaughter.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12

Rev. S Timothy Tice, colored. pas
ter Of the Mount Moriah A. NJ. L
Church, in Annapolis, has been aquiited
of the charge of altering the figures in
a mortgage.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12

$500 Sample fedora and stiff hats in
GLIDING Tan, Gray, Black, and
Brown our price. ......98c
Ladies wrapper 500 quality, Blue,
Black and Whiee, our price. .....-49c.
aides Dress skirts including all tho
newest shades this season 81 so
quality, cur prioe-,.... ..........,.,.98c.
Our ladi,sshirt waist 25c. Can't be
beat anywhere =. ...........,.... ....~...
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12
SHOES.
SHOES.

81 90 School Shoes ..........................6 9c
LOO Ladies shoes .69c
90 Mems !. 49c
rs Caildren shoes. .49c
law 't7ete eflVfs-..ss.
300 and 90 Mems hand welt shoes black or
tan, lace or gaiter all style toes ous price
1913, these are samples.
800 and 90 Ladies' ine shoes any STYLE toe
lme or button, vesting top, our price
l.9s, these are samples
see our mems heavy working and pillow shoes
9sc Csn'tb, beat
81 90 and 50 Ladies tan and black ,esiing
topi sample shoes..-..................Sl 3d.
Our / 20 Ladies lace or button shoes any
style toe, onr priee........................9
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12

Ex-Governor Frank Brown will sail
for Europe on May Goth His daughter,
Miss May Brown will accompanied him.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1899-05-12
100 Suits for Children.
Knee pants all styles.

y 20 quality, our price,, 80
Knee pauts.................lOe l2Ic. and l5c.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16
marftbertht.
Sdnrperf1ufe.

% interipeisen gtofber gto. 9, nDnttuen. aHt
benz @eIeiie 7lhe; obne Sagerfoiten, 72Ac; retber go.
!, obne So9erfoiteu, 70hc; rotber SEQ. A. auf oem 6elelie,
&c.
Gribiabrsmeiaen - Nortbern gtp. ], ,Iominea
auf benz Ssleiie. Tic; 9tOrtberu $40. 2, auf benz 9tIeiie,
HOminea, 70hC; 0O. 3, obue 2ogertOiteH, 69H-70e: $40.
A, pbne So9ertoiteu, 6ec.
Mots-yto. 8. ouf benz SsIeiie 312c; obHe Sagerfos
iten, 3lh-92c; eeI6sr 9fO. {, int SpetGer, 32r; anf bent
9eIeiie, 32Ac; $40. d. i'm Spetder Bic; auf benz SeleIis.
31he; obue 8e9srfoftsn. S0%-3Ie: tueiBer $40. 2, noHli.
nell, auf benz 9eleiie, S2-32Ae; merger Go. 3, obue Sac
~gertoitsr, nomiuea, S2c; tetn @rab, Obue Sa9srfOft.H.
29N-30C.
Safer - yto. g. onf benz 5sIetie, 2l-2lAc $40. 3.
obue Sagertoiter, 2Oh-aOAci peiBer $40. 9, obne aas
~9ertoiten, Csc; meiBer go. 8, i'm Speiber. 22A-22he;
auf benz 9eleiIe, neuer, 22A-23c; Dbne SagerfoIteH,
neuer, 224-292c; alter, % -23Ac; merger go. 4, obHe
Sa9erfoiten. neusr, 22-22Ae.
Wpeseu- ytp. 2, ouf benz Seleiis, nomiHsa, 5SH
-54c.
Serite- Sntterserfts, Obue 2agtrtOftsu, s4-35s;
CUTE $3.50; bette 37-4Oc.
Sdmereteu-SIu9s, 9eo. l Nortbtpsftern. auf berg
GtIsifs. $L06h.
S~em-3ufubrsH 65 gors; fem @eriOubt. 0uts Nans
frage unb feite 9retie.
@ertdufs amf benz GeGeiIe: Stnotbp. gsuObnIiGss
bis beFteS. $~l0.00-l2.75 BE xonne; 8rairie, ~9erp6bRIi.
6es bis beItes bon 81. 50-9.50 per 2oHue.
g rob Set unO tbatts. gtUaseH. $6o0-s.5o;
msissn ~s4.50-5.0o; Safer. &A.0O-425.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16
2lueemeiner maarenmarft.

8utter-Nete Creamery, l9M-2Oe: I. auaIitdL
17X-l8he; NG.2 2, 15-16c; bette uabgema9ts, 15-16s;
btfte9airp l6-l7;; I.AuaI.tGt l2H-14e; Z. auaIit6t
l2H-I3Xe.
Rd - Sipius. sH-sHt; gDuus arnsrieas, 90 -
l0e; Bird, neuer. 8%-9e; Simbnr9er, HeueE, S-SMe;
Shptiasr, 10-10He.
30 ne u-gtfts s1O7K-1.1o; bette ,Da.binms".
81. O2H-1.O5.
@efIioeI-EurfsDs, sh-9cper DiunO; Stbnsrs
9-91lt per 9fh.; springs, 11-11Ae Der 9fo.; SauIe,
e-7e per 8tunbi gnteu. s-se per Bfuub.
Gisr = Sang trii9s. gsrIufts 0bgtrs9ust l2h
-lSr Ons 9ussuA.
RaIbFIttIa-so biz IS gfunS GspiAt 7h-se; %
Biz 100 @funb, sM-sc; 100 BIS Ito @funs, sM-1oc;
setp6bnIides biz I1tpsres. 6h-7Hc.
o elbIa9tete 8 dmmer-$2.5O-2W
Jr;iae Stf4e - 9Iad BAL. grose. sas 8iunA
11-1lHe; ptts. 6-6Mc; VidereL 5-5M:.
Bien.n 10 a d s-Ssp6bnlibss bis bsTtes, 1886
per pfunh
9Out s-9nntlsr Bis bsasr, S-lse per 4funa.
9sfeneoru- 7-9e per 8funo.
pppcprn-4eftes, 81. 90 per 100 Dtuno.
ia II be n-Sabnie, n1aaere big fette. 5Oc-s1.5 so b9kb.
NepfeI- N.ue. 100000 has gSas.
9firi Il d e-Wtibiean. lis 8uidsI.Bastet 25-3ot.
a. be u-gonepres, 12-l4e; Spes, l0-1He.
9fIan en-9anin t8, sic fir 10 q t.saite.
gttrone n-Nteitua. $s.5o-4.25; California, ss.oe
g. so bic 8ifts.
Sranssn epate galensia, s4.oo-5.Oe; Msrita.
nllDs $A2o-45Ui SeeollH9s, $S.0V-4.UV.
8onaneH-Befte. 75e-$l.5o bas BiubeL
Salt orMier OFT pfaunien. 4.Sast.t Grate,
$1.o0-1.5o; @frftGe, in 2o'RtIHb 9iimbtn. 65c-Soe:
8trnen, per 8iits, $l.5O-2.00.
| 9totbe 8 th1be re u-40e-$l. 25 fir "a 8tnts.
rornbeere - 2aughtpns, 50c-Sl.0 90; gEiIIens
l6 Auarts. 75c-$l.1 10.
u-WiscoHin, $l.oc-1.25; Mtbt.
qan, S1.00-1.25.
Wat1.rmeIeutu-s5o-loo Bel Der @arIasuus.
MusfmeIoueu - Sens, "a 8uihel.Bastet, Is
SOC; Oiage in Grates. 4o-75e; SadsHiod, 40-65c
&arteff e1a-garlp Ohio, 2s-32c per 8uiael; pie.
iee, in III 9uideI Sddeu. S5-4Oe per 9HidsL
Met Btr aut-9tsiges, 1861 per Crate.
BlnmeutDbt 60c-$1 bns 9sh.
eurtt u-ousgtiudte, SC es DB6.
| &ppffatat - 75c-$1 per Sag.
ID 10 m IN - 20-25c b. Pfa.
| WetBriben meme, 2e per guIbeL.
Sptbs e4Rben - neue, 75c flr 100 SanheL
Gabribeu- neue, 75c fur 100 GunbeI.
| BleNIant 7-Sc bas 8iinoel.
ga bi 8 d Ell - 75c per 100 8itbeI.
69uittbob NJ 100 per IN NnI1tt.
SDmatsn 1920 per 4sa8asfet.Rlits; beige SOC
LEO per 9ui6eI.
%eterftIts = SisTee, i0c per Dab. ghnotI.
{ 8 6 o I n-25c per 5s9ut. Cad.
Rafe rip aareu - S4psiueIeiidfdi 1916; fIstn.
GHmeIsfiftsn $50.
9aute-Tri8s, sefolaen, f9ter, sHc; irii6e, &c.
| alieH, bel96ei0t SAs; R9Ih. go. l. lie; Ne. 2SMe
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16

aus peiBer Grepetire De Soie, garnirt nit
OeiBen Musltnriii6en, beren Ndnber man
NIT mebreren Oaetben i6par5 unb ,peiben
ganoes beiebt. &rauien aus SeiDenlpibsn
an ben @llbOgendrmelu. S6arpe aus psi=
Bem Saffetbonb, nit i6tpar3 unb iueiben
@dnoern. 9aienoes Sailenfutter inter Der
bouen 3aiae; bic Obertbetle iperoen aus
Suding ooer Spiben sebtloet. Stsbtrageu,
ipenn man ele9ante Sotlette na6t. 9as
S6lieBen sei6iebt unii6bar born. @orber=
unO Giidtbetle, oben getrduielt uno gote ttef
UNI Srtter ongebrd6t. Sinten pirb hie u,lz
tere 9aiaenfiiae itraff na6 Der Mitte ge3os
gen, born leibter 8louieneffst.
Die Mustetterdrnel merOen an Der Srz
heunabt getrduielt unb iiber stueiadbtiacm
Sutter arransirt. Ser Sod bat etnen ee>
raosn llnterranb unb beitebt aus bier leidt
g~eteilten 8retten. Sie 6itle miro bur1 &C.
trdulel aufsenommelt uno binten ma6 Der
Wtitte gelbOben.
Saiaennuiter 7748 in @rDBen fir so, "a,
&c, 38 uno 40 8ruitip.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16
I'm Kdmpfe um's Oafetn

erlieqen 10 @iele, obne Dab man ibnen Der
@orlpurf Der Seigbeit MAIDEN BARI, ipelt5e Dit
fSliute in's &orn nirft. Der meniD(i6t
&6rper miro BON pielen 6roniiNen &rantbci=
ten betmaelubt, pel6e Die ftdrtite Qetlcns:
truft oufreiben ulO ben SOB ais etlpas s8iin.
1d~engwertbes erI0einen laien. Namentlid
Gilt bas aud bon ienen i6msr5boften &etOenI
ben SamorrboiOen, tpel3es Oielen Dteni6er
bas Qeben perleibete, ba lie bel Quad oIbtrr
rno @birlr9en feline 9iilfe %ianoe1, pm Or.
Stlsbee's beritbmtem Seilmittel D@nafeiis'
aber feline &enntniB batten. Yrobcn Otelcs
unfeblbaren Mittels tperoen bon P. Neu-
staedter & Co., Box 2415, New York,
foitenfret p%erianot.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16
Cine fleine 6eididte nit moroI.

Cine Mobebame - fo er5dblt Elm on1eri4
faniI6es 8latt - fdb einen tGeinen bar
fuBigen @%traBeniungen, Der Elm 8ogelneit
nit @iern 6eimtrug. 80, 9u b0fer 8ube"
1aote bic Dame, spie tannit 81 bas Neit
ruuben9 9ente, pieji4 bic Mmtter UNI ben
@erGuIt Der Gier nbgrdmen ptrO." 80,
Der lit has glsi9", onttportete bds Singels
den nit einem 8lid na4 O6en; poie iibt
auf Shrem 9ut."
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16

Sebes Mufter, tpenn uu4 auf elmer Abs
bilbung bargeitelt, foitet 1Oc.
Dir erfu9en unfere Qefer. bic uns 8e'
iteluneen fir S9nittmufter per Poit iihera
mitteIn, ibren Brief NIT elmer 3peieents
Marte gu fruntiren. bo elm Gent ni6t ges
niigt.
0a pie Muiter bon Nttp 0orf aus gut
poit gegeben perben, bauert es 8 Biz 10
Sage, bis bieielbsn IN bic 8siteler sslan'
gen.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16

aus grim unb tpeibem SjOufarS. earnirt
nit petBem Spibeneinlab. Yolant nit 3us
nitaz@ffett. Obertbeil beg &Odes raOfOrmtg,
born uno an ben Soften anI9lisBenO. &ur3e
Ginndber in Der Saiaenlinie; unter ben
6tiften fdGt Der &pd pelenfOrni9 hernieOer,
Sie 6aIe biuten tpirb setrauielt; Obem Elm
@itrtel. Ser 1tntsrrunO btlost bier 9robe
3oden. Ser @olant nit gera0em 1lnterz
ranOe bat oben runben ttmriB, 10 buB berz
ielbe, tpenn 9efrduielt, geraoe i'll Die 8Ogen
bes Sbertbeiles paBt.
Muiter 7731 in @rOBen fir %, "a, 26,
% unD 80 SaillenD.
Regutdrer 9rsis 25 Sts. unisE
Nreis 10 Gts.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16

SO, ! 1T elm oni6GieBenOsr SGeiOerdrmel.
nit breiten Cber= unb l9muGsn tlntettbetz
len. Die 6iile oben piro 9efrduielt; unten
ipibe Mani9etten, iiber Die oanb fa1eno.
No. 2 fir Shirt @aiis. Oben unb lntea
getrduielt; erbdIt Gacon DurG einfa6e Sn=
nen=gtdbte. Sinten elm S9lib nit 1lnter=
uno Obertlappe; 9erabe Manl1etter.
Muiter 7735 in @rOBen fir 80, SO unb 40
gruitnette.
8e~su1drer greis 25 Gents. nnier
9reis 10 Gents.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16

aus 1ei6tem,, btouem Stagonatfoff. SUIT
ter obne Sii0bein, ODER 6ii0bein nur an
ben Ginndbern, tuG6reno Das Waterlal ielb't
nur bur6 S0ulterz utO 1lnterarmldDte SdBtt.
Matroientra9en unb Stiderei; DeiBe Gbemt7
iette nit bObem Rragen uno GraUatte. @H9
onI1ltebenDe 6embendrmel.
Mtufter 7743 in @rDBen fir 80, "a, 36. 80
unb 40 8ruittpeite.
@@esuldrer 9reis 25 Gents. nnisr
prets 10 Gents.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16

Differs aufbriiden; es iinb bic GnttGuI6un>
gen unb bic S9mer5en, bic uns Der punl6z
lpIen Gelignation Dem Sroite fpIterer
3eiten = 5ufiibrer. @as mir nidt berz
.geYen f0nnen, ma4t uns alt; ipnit ni9ts.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16

gus ruia MaDrug, combtnirt nit trcibsm
Guiding. @eiBer &ragen uno rOla Satfetz
crabatte. Sic runben 9ofetbeile, tpe!6e ben
Obertbeil born unD binten bilocrf iperoen
aug ferttsem Guiding" gei4nttte1 nno IN
ben S9ulterndbten 5uiammeltgefii9t. Ste
boaen 8orber= unD Gitdtbetle iperDen chen
gefrauielt, urO on ben 9Otet6etlen b%efettst
Understandable ~eraielen has 4aicn. S@mal'
Oueti9falten, an ben &dnbern nit 6eoetFts
6en, tperben born angebra6t, burdD pelbe
f9 aud bas S9lieben nit &ropfen ooa.
3ie6t. Die untere SaiGenfiiae ipirO burd
aapieli6niir9en re9ultrt. MOOsrns, rben cir
tpenig pole 9lermel nit gera0en Maai6etten
Muftsr 7746 in @rOBsn fir 50, 81, SO.
SO, 40 unb AZ 8ruitpeite.
&e9u1drer 4rsts 25 Cts. unisr
9rets 10 Cts.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16
Oiehmdrft.

wtnSsteb wurOs III ben stOt.Daras spis fOtst
nffrf.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1899-08-16

gus rofa 9tmitD un6 ipetben gattiit,
Guiding ulo 6pibeneiniab. @arnirnng aug
StoffriiI6en, NIT SptbenbeiaB. Sddrpe aus
roIa SaffetbanO. Sic bOae Saile trtro uns
ten uno oben setrdulelt uno bat patienOes
6utter, tud@ss auf WunI9 obsr tOrtblttDsn
fen, runoen Nusi6nitt; 6utter unO Iernel
iperben Dann 1eparat als @uilnpe benubt.
0os e6lieben sei6iebt binten. Stebfruaen.
Sic einndtbtgen SermeG iperOsn oben nnO
unten 9efrduielt, an Der 9anb Giniabireifen
nit Gpikenbnldnt. 9ie 6rouIe nm rcn 1nz
ferranb Ses @odes miro geiteppt; Dann frduz
felt man ben Sod oben unO fdbt i'm an Die
Eoille.
Mufer 7733 fir MdO9en bon 4, s, 8 unO
1C Sabren.
&%egutdrer 9reis Is Sents. rnier
Areis 10 Gents.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-06-08
POPULAR STUDIES IN LITERATURE.

the historical drama. the dramatic
poem and the lyric. These, adequately
presented. an American public could
have understood and appreciated. But
the "sententious melody and richness"
of his verso long terroriZcd all transla-
tors. To understand Ibsen his works
must be read in chronological order. for
each is link in Il long chain of ethical
development. There is n continuity In
them that cannot we'll be disrcgarded.
Some Norwegian critics have charged
that the social conditions revealed in
Ibsen's modern dramas are not true to
Norwegian life. They have been adj
verse to acknowledging the Weaknesses
they portray. On the other hand. con-
tinental critics have averrcd that H.
sen knew Norway, and Norway only
Hamlin Garland states the question
aptly when he says "Ibsen deals with
life, and modern life-primarily with
Norwegian life, but with the life of
other lands secondnrily. for the reason
that his theme is common and modern
and his aim truth. The passions. sit
uations, of his dramas appeal to us as
real because they are actualties of his
land and time" Shakespcare's spirit is
universal. but his works nevertheless
were n product of English conditions
In like manner Ibsen Is n product of
Norwegian conditions His genius would
doubtless have asserted itself regard
less Of time and place. but the fact
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-06-08

greatest living dramatist; this even his
most virulent opponents admit. One
of these. Max Nordau. who has de-
nOunced Ibsen as a degenerate says of
him:
The power with which Ibscn, in a
few rapid strokes. sketches a situation,
an emotion, a dim-llt depth of the soul.
Is very much greater than his skill, so
much extolled, of forcshortening in
time. Each of the tersc words
which suffice him has something of the
nature Of a peep-hole through which
lmitless vistaS are obtained. The
plays of all people of all ages have few
situations at once SO perfectly simple
and so irresistibly affecting
1t may not be possible in short space
to lead the reader over the highways
and byways of Ibsen's strange muse.
and yet it is not impossible to interest
the general reader in him both as Il
poet and IL man. No doubt many Amer
leans have been deferred from giving
respectful consideration to Ibsen on ac-
count OF the sweeping denunciation he
has so often been subjected 10. But it
Is we'll to remember that great and
original genius, especially in literature.
is recognized and admitted only after
Il desperate fight. Ibsen has had his
And surely no other author ever was so
we'll equipped to bear opposition. Adj
VerSity has never been able to COW him.
When the lbsen fad struck England in
the carly '90s the press exhausted it's
store of vile epithets in opposition. and
he received scarcely any better treat
ment in this country. Nor has he, at
times. Jared particularly better in the
scandinavian north. But when Ibsen.
OH the Goth of March, 1898 celebrat ed
his 10th birthday he received such n
homage as no other scandinavian
writer ever received. The occasion gave
ample evidence of the fact that as a
poet. as Il literary and dramatic artist
lbsen had reached the pinnacle of sue
cess. The hopes and aspirations of his
youth had been realized beyond the
hopes of his widest dreams. And when
we see from what small beginnings he
arose. see with what fidelity he labored
for literary mastery. how he never
swerved from the path OF duty as he
saw 1t. how faithfully he pondered to
know himself. and how true he has been
to that self. in adversely and in pros
perlty then we shall discover much in
him to respect and admire, even though
we may find things in his writings that
do not strike q responsive chord in us.
1t is unfortunate that American read
ers first learned of Ibsen through his
social dramas. In these his themes were
too new, his literary treatment too
drastic, to gain Il sympathetic hearing
from public that had not followed his
previous development. Before these
were written he had already achieved
fame in traditional forms OF literature
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-06-08
XV.-EBSEN.
A REVIEW OF SCANDINAVIAN
LITERATURE.
BY JULIUS EMIL OLSON, B. L.

BY JULIUS EMIL OLSON, B. L..
Tolstoi, lola, Ibsen: These are the
three names more widely known in Eu-
rope than any other contemporary
writer's. Tolstoi and Ibsen are the same
age, both having been born in 1S2S; lola
was born in 1S40. But Ibsen has been
before the public longer than the other
Two, having begun his authorship in
1871 There is a certain righteousness.
spontaneity and breadth of sweep in
both Tolstoi and lola that Ibsen lacks,
but as a conscious literary artist he
stands higher than these. And by vir-
tue of his higher developed literary
skill he has maintained a firmer and
more enduring grip on his public than
they, in spite CT the fact that no other
author OF modern times exacts so much
OF his readers. His writings are full
or riddles. mysteries and dark question
ihgs-akin to the brooding mysticism of
his native land. He has confined him
self almost exclusively to one form of
literary expression, the drama. and we
need not hesitate to rank him as the
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-06-08

nevertheless remains that the course 1t
look was determined by his Norwegian
environment and by his Scandinavian
predecessors in literature. y brief re-
view OF his career, with an epitomc of
scandinavian literature will show this
very plainly. During his long years OF
voluntary exile in Italy and Germany
lbsen followed the social development
IN Norway with the keenest interest
And in all his writings Norway has
been uppermost in his thoughts He has
himself said in Il verse I'm dream and
drama live In Norway"
OLD MORSE LITERATURE.
During the middle ages the old
Norsemen produced Il great and unique
literature in both poetry and prose. 1t
was preserved in Iceland. which was
colonzcd by Norwegians in the tenth
century. and hence is known as old
Morse or Icelandic literature. 1t is of
vast extent and great Importance: n
reference to any encyclopedia will CON
vince the reader Of this fact. From the
so-called Eddas we get our knowledge
or northern mythology. In the Sagas
we have historical accounts by men
that stand worthily by the side of He
rodotus and Thucyddes as historians.
Some of the Sagas gave n history of the
Norwegian kings; others are descriptive
of life in Iceland-not mere chronicles.
stinct for the dramatic presentation of
events. The golden age of this old
Morse literature was during the twelfth
and thirteenth centuries. Then. as
was the case after the Elizabethan age
in England. there was n decline in Iii
erary activity. The Eddas ana Sagas
were stored away in monasteries and
forgotten. But during the early mart
of the eighteenth century an interest i'm
this ltera ture was aroused. when COL
lcctors gathered n very large number
or manuscripts and transported Them
to Denmark (tO which country Iceland
bclongs), where they have been pre-
served.
The old Morse language is stu
spoken in Iceland. The other Scandi-
navian languages-Norweg Swcd
ish and Dan4sh-arc modern dialects
of the old northern tongue. and each
has its separate literature. sweden
and Denmark played but little part in
old Morse literature. This relates nr;-
marily to life in Norway and Iceland
Sweden produced n great li;erature
during the eighteenth and ninetcaStb
centuries. but 1t bears only Uttle rala-
ton to the main current of Scandinu-
Wan literature 10 be reviewed i'm CON
nection with the name of Ibsen. That
current runs from old Morse through
Danish to modern Norwegian litera-
ture.
HOLBERG. THE FATHER OF MOD
ERN DANISH LITERATURE.
Norway and Denmark were united