davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1899-12-27
TIL e CITY
SHORT ITEMS CAZETTEo.

Marshal E. B. Hicks of Sleepy
Eye was in town last Wednesday.
r. A. Glashan of Marshall was
registered at Hotel Francois last
last Wednesday.
County Attorney Clague left this
city for New Ulm last Wednesday,
after moving for the discharge of
Frank Brown, alias Jack O'Dia-
mOndS.
Thos. R. Minkiewitz of Minneapo-
lis, at one time with The Big Store,
but now a travelling salesman for a
wholesale grocery house, was in the
city last Wednesday.
George Pryor returned last week
from Southern New Mexico, where
he accompanied his daughter, who
will remain there with the hope
that the atmosphere of that altitude
will restore her to health.
Henry E. Grabow, who has been
conducting a store and the post
Office in Granite Rock for some time,
is now in Littleton, Colorado, where
he has hopes that the climate will
be beneficial to his health.
Rev. C. H. Stevenson of the Meth
odist church united Bert. Larson
and Miss Belle Heller of Underwood
in marriage at the parsonage last
Wednesday afternoon. The newly
welded couple drove from here to
their future home in Underwood.
At the regular meeting of Antiq-
uity Lodge No. 81, A. F. & A. NJ,
last Wednesday evening, w. R.
Caswell was elected worshiptul
master, julius A. Schmahl senior
warden, Geo. w. Dickinson junior
warden, w. F. Dickinson treasurer,
n. V. r. Hunter secretary, and 0.
L. Dornberg trustee for two years.
The treasurer report showed the
lodge to be in a very fiourishing
condition.
Attorney Charles T. Howard, w.
r. Caswell, John j. Woffensmith
and James Welch left for Renville
yesterday morning where the latter
three will act as witnesses in the
case of the Minnesota Threshing
Machine Co. against a couple OF
Renville equity farmers. It is
claimed that the latter contracted
for threshing machine in writing,
and after the machine arrived al
Olivia, and was set up and ready
for running the young men refused
to accept it. The company asks
for judgment against them.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1899-12-27

Mrs. w. S. Brammer is visiting
with relatives in Winona.
Mrs. Gus. Theiring came up from
Mankato Monday and is spending
the holiday season with relatives
and friends in this city.
DR.. H. E. Schlegel left for his
home in LeSueur last Saturday
morning, and remained with his
parents over Christmas.
Otto E. Dornberg came up from
Manchester last Saturday for the
purpose of spending the holidays
with his parents in this city
Thomas Finn came down from
his studies in Duluth last Thursday
afternoon and will spend the holt
days with his parents in this city.
Paul R. Mccoy came up from Min
neapolis last Friday and spent
Christmas with the family of Mayor
Smith. Mrs. Mccoy has been visit
ing here for some time.
Fred. w. Lankard aud George
Huhnerkoch, who were taking a
course in a business college in Min
neapolis, came up from that city
last Friday to spend the holidays
with their parents in and around
this city.
The officials of the court house
babe farewell to E. A. Lyman, ST.,
who has so long acted as janitor of
the court house, last Saturday
morning, just before Mr.. Lyman
departed for ST. Paul, In bidding
him farewell, Mr.. Race. on behalf of
the officials, presented Mr.. Lyman
with handsome gold watch chain,
and in reply Mr. Lyman said that
he was sorry to leave the boys, and
that his advanced age was the only
reason for resigning. Mr.. Lyman
has long acted as an efficient JAM
tor, and those who have been
around the court house will attest
to this statement that he has been
good, obliging and kind in his man
ners. L. F. Robinson, well-known,
and favorably known, will succeed
him.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1899-12-27
THE REDWOOD GAZETTE.
BY AIKEN l. SCHMAHL
WEDNESDAY, DEC q, 1899.
Chicago E. Northwestern Railway.
LOCAL TINE CARD, REDWOOD FALL
Cuhiect tO change.

LOCAL TIME CARD, REDWOOD FALLS.
Subject to change.
DEPARTURES OF TRAINS.
No. 60. daily except Sunday - p. m.
For Chicago, st. Paul, Minneapolis, Winona,
and east: also for Tracy, Marshall, Water
town, Huron and Pierre Parlor car, Kasota
to st. Paul and Minneapolis. Sleeper, Man.
kato to Chicago.
No. GA. daily except Sunday. 49,. 4:s0 p, m
west between Waseca and Tracy. Makes
connection with Omaha at Kasota for Sioux
City and Omaha.
ARRIVAL OF TRAINS.
No 81. daily except Sunday 49,. 1O:l5 a. m
Connects with new train. No. 5, from east.
No. 63. daily except Sunday 49,. AIS p. m.
From Chicago. ST Paul. Minneapolis. Winona
and all points east and west.
W. B. KNIsKERN. j. NJ. NORTHMORE,
Gen. e eaSs and Ticket Ag win Wino AgeRMt Mimi
W. S. BRAMMER. Agent, Redwood Falls, Mimi
MINNEAPOLIS & St. Louis Railway.
Time of arrival and departure of mail and
express trains from Redwood,
EAST.
No. Is. daily except Sunday, 11;16 a. M.
through trains for Chicago and the east st
Louis, Hot Springs and the south. Des
MOineS. Omaha and points west. Through
dining and sleeping cars.
WEST.
No. IA. daily except Sunday. .......2 1892 p. m
For Hanley Falls and Watertown.
FREIGHT TRAINS.
East 600 p. m. West $50 a, m
Every day until further notice.
gro. 8. RICHARDSON. Agent.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1899-12-27

We have fancy cutters and durable bob-sleghs for
the PERIOD and we have just received two
carloads of wagons for wheeling business.
Remember that are headquarters for every
thing in the Saddlery line, and that we have the
finest line of trunks, grips ETC.. in the city
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-09-02

MAKING THE STRING CIPHER.

the instrument bore one alphabet, while a
little ruler. sliding like the lid of box,
bore another. When closed tight a came
under AZ and 81 came under b Slip
ped out one square "B" came under "a
and &C. came under "B,'' and so on, al
tering the alphabet each time the little
ruler was moved. With fixed alphabet
"ee' would always be represented by the
sign for sc" repeated, but not so here. Be
ginning the message with the instrument
Closed. the little ruler was slipped one
square with each letter, so that each let
ter had it's sign continually changing.
More ingenious still is the string cipher"
with nothing to work on but long string
with knots in different places. It's key Is
only a thin square of board or metal. pune
tuated at irregular intervals with twenty
six holes marked with the letters of the
alphabet. To write Nous partons' GIVE
are leaving") tie the first knot and run
the string through "a"-for beginning
to the first letter of the sentence, IN.
Hole after hole is picked out, the string
run through 1t and knotted, and the process
kept up till the message is completed. Then
the string is untangled and presents moth
ing but its knots to the decipherer Clumsy
as the system is. 1t is invulnerable, except
always to the long and almost hopeless
method of guessing. In vain the decipherer
will compare the short spaces between the
knots with the long spaces; in vain invoke
the analysis of The Gold Bug by hunting
for Sc" the most frequent vowel, and IS.
the most frequent consonant. The knots do
rot represent letters, but the sequence of
letters.
Two thousand years ago an eastern king
hit on a method of his own for secret writ
ing. He had a slaves head shaved and
caused the message to be tattooed on his
scalp. He let the slaves hair grow again,
then sent him out. The slave traversed
hills and plains, was searched and physick-
ed by the enemy in vain. and in the end
arrived safe with the message. SHAVE my
head he said to the kings correspondent
1t was done. STERLING HELLO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-09-02
Diplomats Rely on Codes in Their
Correspondence,
how The SYSTEMS ARE EVOLVED
So Complicated as to Be Almost
Undecipherable.
MARVELLOUS RYPTOGRAMS

Special CORES pondonce of The Evening Star.
PARIS. August -, 1889.
OF late a great deal has been heard OF
secret dispatches in European diplomacy.
The Panizzardi telegram, with its two In
terpretations; the military attaches code
book stolen from the German embassy In
the excitement caused by an alarm of fire :;
the photographing of the Russian dis
patches in sleeping car while their Gus
todian slept. and all the secret writings of
the Esterhazy mystery. from Col. Henry 5
grill to the commandments alphabet for
Mile. Pays. have aroused the public Curl
osity without satisfying it. Some are sur
prised that two absolutely different in
terpreta tions of the same telegram should
be possible; while others imagine it ought
to be as easy to translate cipher dis
patch as a line of French or Spanish. As
4 matter of fact the cryptograms of pres
ent-day diplomats are the outcome of all
the experience of the past Those based
on codes unsoivable, and the Others
now and then deciphered. present to the
experts none of the childish puzzles of
1.-The Gold Bug of Edgar Poe or THE
MQonstone" of Wilkie Collins.
perfect cipher ought to be capable of
being written and read quickly; it ought to
require no material key that may be lost
or stolen: it ought to be capable of being
telegraphed or copied; and, of course, it
ought TO be undecipherabe to all but the
initiated. Each of the several systems in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-09-02
SWORDS SELDOM CARRIED,
What an Enlisted Man Says About
Heroic Pictures.

From the Kansas City Journal
There Is one thing" writes Sergeant
OZias. that should be spoken of to correct
misrepresentation of facts. General Fun
ston is spoken of and pictured as rushing
at the insurgents with uplifted sword and
scabbard swinging high. He did nothing
of the kind. nor did any other officer
worthy Of being called one. At Marilao /
stood (up) on the east bank of the river
with the first platoon of Company H, firing
over the river at the rebels, to protect Fun
ston and the men crossing the river. None
of us were more than ten feet from the
river bank, in full view of the enemy and
without even blade of grass to protect
us, but they were hid from us. We yelled
to Funston that pennsylvania was attempt
ing to cross to claim our victory. He start
ed on a run fast as his legs would carry
him. shouting to the squad with him. Come
on, boys: deploy, and to us, Give 'em fits,
boys Seeing him there without so much
a stick in his hand speeding his way
like a shadow through the trees and banana
stalks, over fences and bushes, ten yards
ahead of his party, still yelling, Come on,
boys! stampeding chickens, hogs and dogs
from among the houses. would have made
a dead man laugh, serious as the affair was.
Our platoon was firing at WILL yet
guarded it so carefully that none but Fill
pinOs felt 1t. At Calumpit, when Funston
and the eight sets of fours crossed and ran
the rebels out of their trenches and won
in a few minutes battle that had been
fiercely fought for two days. Funston was
again barehanded. as were all officers ex-
cept a few who carried native canes they
had picked up, more as an aid to walking
than anything else I speak Of these things
to show that the sword should be left out
of all pictures Of this war: 1t is ornamental.
not useful, and. as ! was there and saw
these events as they happened. am (mod-
estly) glad to tell of bravery not often
paralleled in commanders"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-09-02

young Ecole des Charles friend-"1 200
80 might possibly fit in twice as lou
bet bour geois,' or as "cas se" but it
would be strange indeed if they should fit
a third time as anything but their real svl-
tables. ~
The French experts had been working on
the Italian military attaches cipher for
some time Each new sample brought by
the spies of the Etat Major permitted them
to add new syllables to their incompIete
and uncertain alphabet Imagine that in
tne following sentence-36 GA 242 500
s'9ep-they knew the meaning of only two
ngures-i tRussiam and :tS (warn). Insert
ing them Warn 624. 242 800. Russian. $50 ),
they might plausibly guess that Do 500
stood for the two sylabIes against" and
co,,,d Tor DIT the . syllable spy" Indeed. it
such as agent" or "emissary." warn
"a against Russian spy" Now 624 must
De an arDltrary sign for some person in re-
"a with the correspondent. and should
IL De repeated In another telegram a
shrewd guess might be made as to whom
II represented. So also for the new words
against and spy" In their turn they
might help in deciphering a subsequent
telegram.
Why Codes Change Often.
1t is for this reason that the diplomats
and military attaches are constantly chang
ing their codes and cryptograms Even the
codes, which, technically, are undecipher-
able because they are absolutely arbitrary.
have been reconstructed partially in the
course OF long and patient guessing They
are books containing phrases, words and
even Isolated letters Each phrase, word or
letter bears number. AS to the paging, 1t
does net exist; the two correspondents num-
Der the pages in pencil and take care to
chanse TINS paging every time they meet.
SO. If the word minister is number 6 on
page !" 1t will be translated ESQ today,
H's9 next month and "426 next January
ior II Is only matter Of agreement
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-09-02

nine holes disclose only the first nine let
teTs, i-e-n-li-t-T-i-s-a, Concealing all the
others, and in the second position the
next nine letters. concealing all the others
and So on until the whole message is read
II is the quickest and least laborfous
mode of secret writing, and il lends itself
to Geographic communication, with an
added guarantee of secrecy: for the mes
sage may be sent in one long string. "Lvr-
eenenin, etc, without indicating that the
grill system has been used Only his cor
Respondent knows the size of the square in
whlCh 10 reCopy the MESA sc as a pre-
liminary to reading it through the holes Of
the grill Most amateurs would lose their
time attempting TO decipher ii after the
method of The Gold Bug as substitu-
ton OF letters. Its one fault is the fault of
all cryptograms-the fact that IL is a cryp-
togram. Suppose that Nine. Dreyfus wish
ed 10 send an extremely private message
to her husband In the four years her cor
respondence went under the eyes of the
Cayenne pententiary authorities They
would never have passed such a myster-
lous tumble of letters. AS a matter of
scrap of his wife's handwriting because il
might have concealed a cipher communtca-
ton.
Bacon the Originator
1t was the great English PHILOSOPHER.
Lord Bacon, who planned that system of
concealing writing within writing that CEN
turtles later, when all the world had forgot
ten il, the nihilists revived for the decep-
ton of the Siberian police IF one could
construct an alphabet made up of only two
different signs IN Formulation said Bacon
'these two signs might readily be con-
cealed in handwriting or printing Indeed
was 1t not this proposition that started Ig-
natius Donnelly on the track of the Bacon
Shakespeare cipher? Call the two signs "a
and 30" An alphabet of twenty-five letters
made n
on conduit hey he repeated five
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-09-02
A Dogs FIDELITY.
The Story Told in American School
Book of 1920.

From Forest and Stream.
Surprising it might interest the readers
OF Forest and Stream, I send you an ac-
count of a dogs sagacity and attachment
to his master, as related in old and ex-
cellent school book entitled THE American
Preceptor." bearing date 1920. / give the
account verbatim:
IAN officer in the late American army
on his station at the westward, went out
in the morning with his dog and gun in
quest of game. Venturing too far from the
garrison. he was fired upon by an Indian
who was lurking in the bushes, and in
stantly fell to the ground. The Indian,
running to him, struck him on the head
with his tomahawk, in order to dispatch
him. but the button on his hat fortunately
warded off the blow. With savage brutal
ity he applied the scalping knife and has
tened away with this trophy of his horrid
cruelty leaving the officer for dead and
none 10 relieve or console him but his faith
full dog. The afflicted creature gave every
EXPIRE ssior of his attachment, fidelity and
affection. He licked the wounds with mex
pressible tenderness, and mourned the fate
of his beloved master. Having performed
every Office which sympathy dictated or
sagacity could invent, without being able
to remove his master from the fatal spot
or procure from him any signs of life or
his wonted expression of affection to him.
he off in quest of help.
Bending his course toward the river
where two were fishing, he urged
them with all the powers of native rhe-
toric to accompany him TO the woods The
men were suspicious of decOy to an am
bush. and dared not venture to follow the
dog, who, finding all his caresses failed, re-
turned to the of his master: and lick
ing his wounds a second time renewed all
his tenderness, but with no better success
than before. Again he returned to the men.
once more to try his skill in alluring them
to his assistance. In this attempt he was
more successful than in the other. The
men seeing his solicitude, began to think
the dog might have discovered some val
liable game, and determined to hazard the
consequences of following him.
''TranspOrted with his success, the affec-
Tomato creature hurried them along by
every expression of ardor. Presently they
arrived at the spot where, behold! an Off
Ger lies wounded, scalped, welterng in his
own gore. and faint with loss of blood.
Suffice 1t to say. he yet alive.
They carried him to the fort, where the
first dressings We're performed. A suppur-
alton Immediately took place and he was
soon conveyed to the hospital at Albany
where in a few weeks he entirely recov-
cred and was able to return to his duty
This worthy officer owed his lfe prob
ably, to the fidelity of this sagacious dog
His tongue, which the gentleman after
ward declared gave him the most exquisite
pleasure. clarified the wounds In the most
effectual manner, and his perseverance
brought that assistance without which he
must soon have persisted"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-09-02

times for each letter: A, abbbb; b, abba;
c, ababa; D, abbaa, etc.
With such an alphabet the word CAP
would be indicated by "ababa. abbbb,
abba" Suppose this is the last word OF
the message you have to Introduce secretly
into a missive composed of commonplace
sentences such as Your letter received "
Writing the one under the other, letter for
letter,
YOUR LET TER RE G civ ED
b b b b b b
it is evident that you have only to make
some slight distinction between the "a let
tiers and the 80 letters of the sentence
Your letter received" to permit your cor
respondent to cut them up into sections of
five letters each. and, with his alphabet, re-
construc, the hidden word cab. Heavy
and light shading would answer, or larger
and smaller letters, as Lord Bacon mag
inei: "YoUr Litter Received
The nihilists indicated the permutations
by joining and disjoining the letters in or
binary handwriting. each break counting
for a change, as in this example,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-09-02

vogue possesses one or more of these ad-
Vantages. but no one of them embraces all.
The simple grill without complication
which in the days of Cardinal Richelieu
preserved the great French stateSman's Sc
crets invinlate would not hold out more
than month against the scientific methods
OF the patent experts of the Quai d'Orsay.
Col. Henry used it doubtless because of
the with which he could handle it.
Ills own grill, seized at his home after
the sulcide. reposes among the relics of the
Dreyfus case Because the system is of ex-
IRENE simplicity 1t does not follow that the
first amateur could puzzle out Col. Henrv's
letters in the leisure of summers after
noon: When a cyptogram is said to be
caliy is decpherable. The experts can do
1t But there are not hundred experts in
the world.
Using the Grill.
Col HenryS grill was a two-inch square
pasteboard marked off into thirty-six
smaller squares; and in nine of these
squares round holes. each "A little larger
than a letter of ordinary handwriting. were
cut. For convenience l have marked it
like map. with N. S. f. and W. Sup
posing he wished to communicate the SEN
ttnce; Il ennemi avance vers la from
uere de est, he simply would place the
EriI over a sheet of paper in the first no.
flIon and begin writing one letter in each
o. the nine holes. l-e-n-n-e-m-i-S-a Then
ne Noult give the grill a quarter turn
from LETT To right and continue. one letter
In each hole. v-a-n-c-e-v-e-r-s A third
time and fourth time he would repeat
this process. each time disclosing a new
hiank spot under each hole, when lifting
up the grill. he would See that he had
written thirty-six letters in the form of d
square,
To read the message his correspondent
need only have q similar grill and know Cn
in what position to place it over the mes
sage and g, in what direction to continue
turning. II Is merely repeating the process
OF writing: for in the first position the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-09-02
Outyvitted the Lunatic.


While residing at Rome paid visit to
the lunatic asylum there, and among the
more remarkable patients one was pointed
out to me who had been saved with much
difficulty from inflicting death upon him.
self by voluntary starvation in bed, under
the impression that he was defunct, de-
claring that dead people never eat 1t was
soon obvious to all that the issue must be
fatal, when the humane doctor bethought
of the following stratagem: Half dozen of
the attendants, dressed in white shrouds,
and their faces and hands covered with
chalk, We're marched in single file. with
dead silence into a room adjoining that Of
the patient, where he observed them
through door purposely left open, sit
down to a hearty meal.
"Hallo"' said the would-be corpse to an
attendant, who be they?'
Dead men, was the reply.
What rejoined the defunct, do dead
men eat?'
ITO be sure they do, as you see," an
swered the attendant.
IF that's the case" exclaimed the dead
man, "Tll join them. for I'm famished."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-09-02
From the Chicago News.

From the Chicago NEWS.
An old Illinois farmer whose extensive
domain lies not far from Chicago employs
a novel method in selecting men to help
him work his farm.
He sends each applicant out in the field
on a blazing hot day with the order to find
a four-leaf clover. The majority hunt
about in careless way for five or ten min
utes and then walk back to the barn and
say they Couldn't find any"
Then the shrewd old intimate Of Mother
Nature remarks, dryly, 81 guess you
needn't hang around here any longer I
don't want anybody to work for me who
hasn't patience enough to hunt up four
leaf clover"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-09-02

whether the word-fgure shall precede or
succeed the page-hgure.
How, then, do the chancelleries manage
to reconstruct such codes, even in part?
BY making use Of what they call reperes.
Among the code-dispatches sent by diplo-
mats and military attaches to their govern
ments some are published, later on, in off,
cial documents, reports and blueoooks
Others have only their substance published
or a mention Of the events to which they
related. All. however. are food for the
great machine of the Quail d'Orsay. DID,
undeciphered kilograms Furnished by the
courtesy of the telegraph Department. are
brought from their boxes: dates are COM
pared with dates; and the Ekeiiest dis
patches are picked out with extraordinary
cunning. Then begins again the work OF
guessing-only more laborious-that we
have seen applied to the syllable ciphers
Each message half translated furnishes an
extra clue for the translation of another
point de repere.
The Puritans' Cipher.
1t has taken a long time to reach this de-
gree of f1nesse In deciphering and cipher
ing and the final word appears to be-as
in so many other departments of human
effort-that human ingenuity can undo what
human ingenuity can do. Certainly 1t
would seem at first sight impossible to
make out a page written in the sliding
ruler cipher used by the Puritans in Hol
land for communicating with their English
sailing of the Mayflower. The edge OF