The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-10-28

s<~aiE steam Tor the house.
The cane Sse crushed by n tripl.
set of mills Sith macsration OF hot
water on the bsEasse coming from the
second mill. Sometimes the canes are
cut or Sliced by a Ross cutter or shred
der and then submitted 60 a tripI.
crushing with maccrattou.
diffusion - only used tn a fcw fac
tories but did not fud many admirers
rs II is too troublesome and require
too much fuel to evaporat. the water
again.
The juice j. clarified With lime. Moe
factories following the usual delrrs-
ton process. whist some forty have
adopted the carbonatatiun process
which Is more expensive than an. for
ner but u Indicated for tho proper
treatment % yiscous and Eummy can.
juices. Every factory has It's settlers
sCum-preSses. triple or quadruplc cSap-
orators. vacuum pans. csntrifuEals. and
la short all modern sugar hous. ma
cA!neTy. The capitalization In move
ment combined with draining the fret
moiaSses IN the n.rst sugar mass.
cuites. has made rapid progress in ia
Va and contributes to the suppression
of after-product. without affecting ~.
quality OF the first sugar.
As a rule only three kinds OF sugar
are made. via. sugar for the European
market No. IL Dutch standard. and be-
yond testing net So and beyond: sugar
for the American market or so-callcd
Muscovados. under No. Is Dutch Stan
dard. testing net 80 to 90. and the So
called black syrup" Both sugars for
the European and American market
are obtained by centrifugaling first SUI
gar masse cuites. After curing and
covering they are dried by hot air in
big revolving drums and packed in
bamboo baskets lined with palm-lc5f
mats. containing onc-third OF a ton.
The second boilinEs. as far rs they are
not suppressed By the capitalization
IN movement. are Ccutrifugalled, COW
cred and returned again in the Juice IN
, the CHARTERS. The third boilingz can
no more be centrifugalled: they are
( boiled smooth. very close and run into
big tanks. where they are allowed to-
crystalline for some months.
After this the Crystallizcd mas H.
poured into mat bags. the superhuous
molasScs drains off and the resulting
dry mass. consisting OF equal parts OF
: fine sugar crystals and adheTing mo-
lasses Is put in the bags and sold ~
black syrup. to- Europe. for brewing
purposes. The exhausted molasscs T.
ers.
The grinding season Is a very busy
: one. all the planting and manufacture
ing have To be finished in the Eve or six
months OF dry weather. and the mana
ger and his staff are busy from morn
ing to- night. and as the mills go on
grinding the whole twenty-four hours.
also at nighttime. looking after the
planting. manuTinE and irriEatins. the
transport OF cane tops. OF cane and OF
sugar and after the various operations
I'm the factory.
Usually the European stan consists
OF a manager. two or three field over
seers. "A chemical man in charge OF tn.
factory and his assistant. two or three
engineers. a bookkeeper and some as
sistants for weighing the canes. sur
veyinE the go-downs. etc. All the other
work t. done by native iaborers and ar
tisans. and n fsw Cinnamon In charge
OF the vacuum pans and cvaporators.
for which work they are more trust
worthy than the generally careless ma
tives Only the artisans and the fac
tory hands have n fixed appointment
on the estates. All the other laborsrS
are only employed whenever there Is
work for them. So the estate need
not keep up large bodies Of coolies the
native villages whenever they want Ia
boFers and because the wages are pref
~ fair they are sure to obtain them.
The Europeans and their families
have their lodgings ON the factory com
pound. but all The native ana Chinese
workmen live I'm their own villages.
close by. ut their own cost without IN.
estate paying for their keep-up.
Although the sugar industry Is So
yerely menaccd by various diseases
and animal pests. yet the planters have
succeeded in increasing their output.
which. taken rs a whole. II larger than
~ any other cane-growins country.
This Is mainly due to the favorable cli-
mate and the deep. fertile. volcanic
soil. but also to the utmost car. plan
ters take in procuring selected and
healthy cane tops for planting. and 60
the abstaining from ratooning and %
the general appliance OF modern ma
chinery.
= The care for cane tops for planting
forms n considerable item on the es-
tates' account. As. in order to be indie
pendent OF the tops from the crop TO De
crushed. the planters have special
fields for cane tops in mountainous
parts of the islands. where a loose. fer
tile soil and n continuous humid atmoS-
phere are very favorable for the
growth of The young canes. So even
II the old fields are not yet ripe enough
for being cut, the planters avail them
selves OF fresh. vigorous young cane
tops from the mountains. with which
they plant their new fields. causing a
total independence OF the two crops.
The acreage OF land under cane is
steadily increasing. and along with
this and the improved methods o'
planting. manuring and manufactur-
ing. the total sugar production Is iarE-
er every year. as u shown In the table
given here. where the figures rsprsssU'
long tons:
1891. .4i3.i3s 1895 Gee. SIS. 900
1892. zee. .453.34. 1895 eco. .sg7. ets
1898. .5i3 1897 SIS. 7el
1884,. .... SIS. $50 1SsS.