Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-06-14

| y. Nauras ana bombay arc usually
s.aeesmen sent from England. they
are assisted by executive and lexizIa-
| i've councils. the members OF which
they themselves appoint. The functions
or these councils are analogous to those
or the councils OF the viceroy. ann
| although their acts are subject to the
supervision and interference OF the CEN
the power Of interference is verv
sparingly exercised. Tho lieutenant.
governor OF the third group must n.
CHOSEN from officers in the Servica ~
the crown who have served in india for
at. ieast ten years. They are appointed
py the viceroy, with approval OF the
British government They have NO
executive councils but the yicerov NAV
establish for each province a connect
Tor legislative purposes only. and this
was done In the case Of Bengal in ISsl.
and the Northwest Provinces In 1897.
The governments Of the last xroup' ara
administered by chief Commissioner
who have risen by merit in the civil
service. and who except in name and
salary. are practically lieutenant gov
errors. eO'
4-NATIvE STATES.
Ihere are loo feudatory states in In
Ola. comprising about one third ~.
total area and possessing q population
OIL Oo,OU0,000. These. remain in the hands
OF their hereditary rulers, who eenel
rally govern with the help and under
the advice of a political officer appoint
ed by the British government, who re-
sides at their courts. Some of ther,, nd
minister the internal affairs of their
states with almost complete indeben-
dence: others require more assistanc.
or stricter control. They posxess
revenues and armies and exercise power
| of life and death over their subjects.
but the authority of each is limited hv
nh
dependence" on the British government
IS determined. That government, as
Suzerain. does not allow It's feuda tories
10 make war on each other or to form
alliances with foreign states 1t inter-
Ieres' when any chief misgoverns his
people. rebukes and if necessary re-
moves him. 1t imposes peace on all
ana attempts to protect the weak and
oppressed.
5-LoCAL ADMINISTRATION
| me unit or adminlstr ira ton in India
as the district. There are go districts
wnich are again grouped into larger
areas called divisions each under
charge of commissioner. who Is nble
to exercise that incessant wa .cnfulness
which is impossible to ri distant lIeuten-
ex-governor. His deruty-the district
| o.ncer-is the man upon whose energy
ana character Ultimately depends the
efficiency Of British rule in India. Hls
duties are multfarious for he must he
at once fiscal officer. iudgc-an .ac-
countant surveyor; must supcrintend
| 1alis, schools. police. mun.cipa lities
roads and sanitation and must possess
a competent knowledge of native laws
| language and customs and of acrIcul
lure, political economy and engineer
ing: THESE men, their assistants and
their superiors, make up a civil service
WnIch as an effectual governing agency
Is unequaled in all history Every man
or them is from Oxford or some other
| OF the great English universities and
mas passed what Is known as the stiff
est examination in the world" In order
TO secure entrance into the we'll paid
put self-sacrihclng India civil service.
NATIVES as we'll as Englishmen. are
eligible for this service. Indeed a very
considerable percentage of the officials
OF the present day consists of East In
| dams. who show remarkable mowers or
| administration.
JUDICIARY.
MADRAS. Bombay. Bengal and the
| Northwest provinces have each n. hIph
court. supreme In criminal and civil
cases with an ultimate appeal to the
Juolclai committee OF the privy council
IN England. OF the minor PROVINCES.
Punjab and Oudh have each n. chief
court and judges; other provinces have
| judicial commissioners, who sit alone
lot the decision of all causes. Minor
judicial Jurisdictions coincide. for the
most part. with the maglsterial and f1s
cal boundaries of the go districts above
described. Often, however. a single
Judge exercises Jurisdiction over more
than one district
The law administrated by the courts.
ana judicial officers of British India is
made up Of:
J. Enactments of Indian legislative
councils and of the bodies which pre-
| coded them before 1853
q, statutes of the imperial parliament
OF Britain. which apply to India.
d. Hindu and MOha mmedan laws of
inheritance. and their domestic law in
causes affecting them.
g. customary law, affecting particu-
lar castles and races,