The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-11-05
ST general who is willing 10

IN the Latin-Amer:can republics that the Euro.
pean papers have almost given up recording them
and are scarcely more concerned with what passes
In these pitiable countries than In the affairs q
the Laps In Mr.. lie Bons opinion the nnal 10,
Of the southern half Of the Western World will b
return TO primitive barbarism unees the United
States shall do IL the immense service Of conquer.
ing IT, To drag down the riches, countries of the
earth TO the level Of the negro countries Of San
Domingo and Hayti. this is wha, the La,in-Ameri
! can republics have accomplished for half Of the
American continent VIVA, contrast" e..
| claims our author, with that which the Enrilsa
| have done in North America! What a contrast
aye. and what a lesson How lamentahle 10
| think that such a lesson should be lost"
tits not only the substitution Of universal CON
| scnpton for professional army which will fadli.
tate the triumph Of socialism It's success will
! be furthered by the tendency now frequently
observed among highly educated and intelligent
persons to oountenance, not openly embrace,
It's doctrines lie, us hear Mt lie Bon upon ME
point. What makes modern socialism 50 threaten
, ing is no, the as We, very Insignificant change
which II has produced in the popular mind, bu, tho
already very great changes which II has caused
In the mind Of the directing classcs The modern
tourpeoisie are no longer sure Of their righs
Or rather. they are not sure Of anything and
they do not know how TO defend anything They
listen TO everything. and they tremble before the
most pihable wind bag. They arc incapable tths
Arm will the severe discipline and the community
Of inherited sentiment which constitute the CO
ment OF society and without which no human
society has been hitherto able 70 exist Here We
arc reminded that social upheavsls have always
begun from above, never from below Was II
the common people who started the great French
Revolution? Not they. indeed! They had never
dreamed OF such thing II was let loose BY
the nobility and the controlling classes This
Is a fact which. II appears. is sull a little novel
10 many minds but IL will become a plattucs
when less summary psychology than that
which contents US today will have made
II we'll understood that material events
arc always the consequence Of certain
unconscious states Of the mind We know
very we'll what was the general state OF the
French mind al the moment Of the outbreak ~
the Revolution II was the same that We sc
growing up today; emotional humaniAr-
!anism which began with pastoral poems and
the dscourses Of philosophers and ended with
the guilloilne This sentiment apparently %
inofensve, IL was which promptly led 70 the
weakening and disOrganiLauon Of the directing
classes They no longer bad faith IN their oua
cause They even became, as Mchelet has
said. the enemies Of tner own cause When ca
the night Of the Alb Of August, 1859. the nobility
nbured us privileges and its traditional nights,
the Revolution was accomplished The populsoe
had merely 70 follow the hints which were thus
given 70 them. and, usual they carried mat
ters 70 extremes They did not wait long before
choppng Of the beads OF the well.meaning phiios-
ophers who had thus abandoned Their nghA
These rights which the nobility repounced 80
ngh'ly-oould they. q matter Of tact have
been defended any longer Our author would
say that under the circumstances defence was
fuenoe Of the accumulated theories and d.s
courses oi a century. how could they have acted
otherwise than they did, TIE ideas which
had gradually taken possession Of Their minds
had finally gained such empire over them thsi
they could no longer discuss them The forces
which our unconscious desires create are always
irresistible. Reason does not know them. and u
she did know them. she could do nothing against
them II Is nevertheless these obscure but
sovereign forces thai the very soul Of history.
They kneai man al their viii and often make
him act in conrsdeEon 70 bis most obvious In
terests These are the mysterious threads vhieh
aKitated the brilliant nAr.oneitos o. history.
whereof century alter century has recountsl
the exploits and the weaknesses
As The experiment a socialism must prob
ably b nale IN one country o. eao,seS anos
lus,ons our author submits that all our enoris
should he directed to secure the Accomplished,
l. IS he holds ,he duty q a winter. however small
his influence NAV b. 10 do his best 10 aver such
CIV. 6sS, 70 s;t.altsa and Ts;sTd the soai Z
- triumph IN his home IN order that this trk
he must know the secrets Of It's strength and
Teakns : and he aust also know the psy chclagy
etp"und TN, psychology were The objects o. tho
one .u,nr is certain, tha, the indispensable
nen's capable q influencing the scientist or tie
philo>opb-- 1bosc who arc not blinded BY Ee
every GcraguSue has heen the victim. that ihey
can coairol at vii the monster thew have IN
fashion snlieues As he pleases; hat ne nus, sub
mt ~ the natural laws which a-e stronger than
Ne. and mat ciyih,auou al any given moment
is fragment Of a chain ~ which all the years
are !uiIec by invisible links; that the chhrscie-
q people determines its instituuons and -
de>uneS and that this character Is the work
Of centuries ihai sN-ieiIcS are riAnife<ily unGer-
gong an inccssani evolution. and thA, th-y can
undoubtedly this inevitable evolution will Dot he
determined by our fantasies and dreams All
Mas Gns Ss ina Se, such
as are drawn from observation ard limited b
sy ea az Tor mssni = . Sn 6I k ss
viii ihcy suffer themselves b~ S~duced BY iNeSs
Who aa'ieI them with humiliaunr s~ryilitv
done today. heN give L.eIr Temporary support
with q, !usi di~dali and Immediately r.;se he
scs beS"me in r o &C, on Il he eroa
one must know how 10 act on their sentiments AID
one must never appeal 10 their reason. for tsey
have none one must, accordingly, be fa-a.'isF
with their sentiments in order 10 manipulate
them. and, "a be 80 familiar one must be IT ee%-
sanity mi'lnC with them. as do the priests Of Tie
new SociallSic religion thai is growing under
ou eyes Are thew dif!icut 10 direct these c-ovdst
ou- author replies that -one must know little a
their psychology and their history 20 hinI so
II is quite UNNECESSARY 10 be founder Of rccicA
like Mohanmod. a he-o like Napoleon. or a ylsoa-
AIRY like Peter the Hermit in order 10 siea, their
hearts I here is no need Of such cScer'onh
personalities All We have 10 do is 10 beA. n
mind what history shows namely that popular
movements a-e, in realitv, only the NOV ernen1
ot few leaders: need only 10 recall ne
= implicitly Of crowds, ihei- immoyab.e oon.
servauve insurc's. AMI finally, I e mechanism
Of those capital Clements Of persuasion,
10 wit Affirmation repetition, contAsion and
prestige We should also rememher that
in spite Of all aprearanccs. IL is not self. in.
iercst powerful though it he in Individuals tat
Leads the c-owd The crowd mus have an idea
a belief and b"fore II bccnmes impAsSioned by -
ideal or b,lief. IL must become ImpaSsioned by is
apostles The latte, and ihev only nv thei' pes
ure, awaken in the populA- mind those seuurrenD
uf admiTn ZION which furnish NJ Nssis Of 18th
our author then arrives this conclusion.