The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1899-02-04
THE FARMERS INSTITUTE.
Two Days Pr0fitably Spent BY Farmers In
Listening TO Entertaining and
Instructive Lectures.

/ addition 10 Inc regular county institutes, anu
are held in those counties where the greatest
interest has been manifested. But three
special institutes were determined upon, ami
as the farmers of Carroll had shown greater
interest in institutes than those OF any other
county in Western Maryland they were given
the benefit OF the special institute for this sec
ton.
MONDAY.
The Court Horse WAS filled both morning
aud afternoon, and ut the latter session scarce
| " standing room was left. There was good
attendance when Director AmoSS called the
meeting to order at 10 o'clock.
/ The first lecture was by Ii. j. Patterson,
/ Director of Experiment Station at Maryland
+ Agricultural College. He spoke on fertilizers,
and urged the of clover and COW peas,
| recommending the turning OF them under
! when near maturity, or the turning OF stock
upon them, thus getting the beneht OF them
/ as plant food. or food for stock and tue addl-
ton of the droppingS of the stock. lie an
( swered a number of questions regarding com
mercial fertilizers and the best compounds.
/ Pure bone he regarded a the best commercial
I fertilizer, but as il was too scarce aud cNp-H-
/ sive for the average farmer, he recommended I
Solth Carolina rock aud German salts. with
I nitrate of soda. and said these would give
/ nearly the same results As pure bone.
Edward Van Alstyne spoke ON the selection
/ of the dairy COW. ThoroughbTedS were the
/ best, but were expensive. aud he recom-
mended the selection OF the best common
4 cows the keeping of thoroughbred SrreS, dn1
/ the gra dual building up of the DAIRY siuCN b;
keeping the most productive ant dropping
/ the inferior animals. ,...
In the afternoon George William Hill. EdJ
/ tor of the Department OF Agriculture al WASH,
ingtou. read paper on English farming aud
/ compared the English and American systems
/ The English farmer kept regular account
/ books. the same people ~ other hu'lnr>-
pursuits, and results could always hc actU-
rateiy told. He recommended tins zee the
/ American farmers
/ Prof George Powell spoke in support 81 Mr.
/ Hills recommendation. He said the Amer.
/ can farmer usually was without capital. Nherr-
{ as even the English tenant bad capital % g
I upon. but the American farmer could adapt
+ himself to circumstances and would toe able Ia
+ sell in competition with the kngiishman-
James : Robinson. Professor ct Hou1cu.-
+ trre MARYLAND Agricultural College. gave g
general talk on horticulture. and was followed
4 hv Daniel : Wolf, of Union Bridge. with a
+ paper ON maintaining the fertility ct the soil
Prof. George T. PoaeI! closed the atteun""
program by "a talk on the object oi cui5'N-
ton dwelling on the importance o' Thor
oughly pulyenziug the soIl. He recommend.
I Ell the use Of pillow that would break up the
+. ID.
of "A disc harrow. ia be inliosed Hy spring
tooth harrow. Deep cultivation MSS recon
mended for early spring and light cultivation
/ rs the crops began To mature, The object 'i
thorough pulveraiiou OF the soil, he SAID, was
to utilize every particle ut ylAui ionh. anh tee
: DRYER the season the morn frequent should ''
the cultivation He bad, he Said raised -
good crop Of corn by thorough cultivation
without any rain.
At night there Were ixo illustrated lecture
at Odd Felio~s' Hall. which Vas we'll hileti-
/ one wa. hv Prof O. G. Hamilton on fHgts-
diseases. and the other hy Prof ". q. John
ssu on insect pests. The after spoke oi shs
San jose scale. aui ,hosed hy magic lauieru
views nor only the insects bat hos ibr4 had
{ ravished the o-anE" groves n California
The gyp>ey moth of Massachusetts,. vas next
spoken Of. aud the speaker sasd 'h' STATE bad
E spent SSi0 60 gR ~ vUJeayor {" eNtermlMatt
I i aud showed the msfhads employed H' ran
io.raphic views thrown @" canvass. to
showed the Development ui gas m"'h. and
uext spoke Of the co;iouy cush.uH scale ans
/ It's dssiruetiyenoss among the peach aud pear
orchards Of Western Maryland, Photographic
views were shown o. r.svishcs ~ the pest and
4 Of the manner Of combating %. Prof HAasl.-
Ton bad views 81 the various fangrs diseases.
/ aud spoke oi hoS they we're successfully rsua-
baiied BY spraying. Illustrating BY vie~s iar
( spraying appBrs,uscs and the manner si thr'r
{ ass.
rrEspAY.
The morning session vas occupied By III
ward Van Alstsue. tho spoke InfsEualir uH
iairing more particularly on The iset'u4 ~
Z ccyrs 70 produce the hcsi rs-ulfs. 4 good cos
is hrst 20 be obtained. and thea Inc next con-
/ ,idrralian Is 81 provide the iuud 'hst sH1'1
/ produce the alo-t milk and @! Ihs fesi quality
81 milk. Many farmers, be aid, s'a5>t#t t.s-
/ ward III this season ~ the yusF q" iLs ''anr
/ when COWS conid be turned eaI 60 pasture.
but il sas q mistake to take cattle 81 81 .rsIH
{ shoilv aud depend ou the I1s-tasr ALONE hr
/ change should BE- gradual. bsFJuH5ug ny igru-
ing out cuHs about iaa hours daF, Then.
as the pasture begins taH ial~r iH che >a'n.
iaer, il Is profitable go fred htly grain
Pastures, that have $50 fertilizer than the
I droppiugs Il grazing cattle. uua.a s'"H ~-ar
cut Fertility Is maintained rs icc'i1- -alis~
grain Ia the grzEing GOES.
Mr.. Van Aisiyue spoke - considerable
length on the ,iia. and ~ ,hc large amouu' n'
food lost which could he saved pl n,ing fhe
siio. The corn STALK that 8. piled against
iara or scattered about iur cattle 9, az .it.e
/ value whereas & pHy Iu > .lis Hcariy 81. tuc
HuiriuenI j. saved. Seventy pes cent. CO., The
utliriu,eut IN a cora stalk is below be ear, and
the stalk should be cai aud packed aaAy JOSS
a. Il natures When sooner pa: ta ias sl,aH
j. liable 70 become sour, aud aelrTiptn'r iar
the quality 81 milk. Ia speaking OF ihv ,'ia
aud feeding cattle NJ. Vas Al>tyEe spoke 90
his own experience, and his lecture "R> very
interesting.
In the afternoon Mr. Emanarj Sigurr
Westminster read paper uu psaHln- p~seh
/ trees aud to prevent narcrs irnaa destroying
/ them a. follows The fall al she second
year planting. tram tie last II September one
half OF the past year croeta Of Alt the limbs.
20 harden iile wood and protect The trnif
buds More fruit buds are Killed by Toe hr,i
heavy freeze IN the fall than during ghe whole
! wiuter because the buds are more tender. u
Won want All fruit trees 20 bear early. pFunc
back. 10 prevent borers from DESTROYING
| fr7lit trees wash them IN May aud September
/ with a solution OF turpentlue sud -oit soap
tone pint OF tarpeuiine 10 one gallon ut soft
! Snaut well mixed Don't uss sHy waller
Use rag And wash lhe tree tag as you cnH
reach; also remove some Earth from around
the bottom OF the tree aud give borough
application of the solution. have followed
| his treatment Of trees tor - years and have
found 1t successful.
George T. Powell spoke on frat culture
He said the products Of the rich and cheap
lands OF the west made the former style 81
farming ia tie east less remaaerailye, ani IL
became necessary to look 20 other crops, and
2 he believed the growing Of fruit would pay.
He spoke more particularly GA fruit tree crti-
ture. saying that first It was necessary Ia learn
what fruit the land was besI adapted for
For pear. apple and plum trees, he said, lime
stone land or a mixture Of limestone, was the
r best aud also best for small fruits \ sh iy
soil was best for peaches. The preparation
r of the soil WIS next To be considered, and be
{ said no time should be wasted in digging
[ holes for trees. Preparation for tree planting
should he begun three years before the plant
r ing is to be done. By thorough pIoughing
{, and narrowing. rs for corn, the land could be
P / made ready fer the trees without digging
0 holes Fo< fruit trees nitrogen needed,
e and this could be supplied by sowing aud
| ploughiug under crimson clover. The clover.
5 too, would enable trees the better 10 stand dry
z weather. aud he gave his own experience from
n land on which clover used aud that where
5 none was used. Where the clover WAS turned
under, the fruit was of better color and flavor.
It and dry weather did not materially affect the
e the crops.
! Mr. Powell spoke at considerable length
n and was given very close attention.
y The institute closed Tuesday night with an
y address BY Dr. ID. c. Gilman president Of
Johns Hopkins University He spoke on
Maryla and hastily Sketched It's physical
formation and wonderful resources IN mining,
agriculture and fisheries, using two large