davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

might. An immense host OF Mussul-
mans marched to destroy the refugees.
Under thsir leader. Pclayo. the Span
iards in us gained the desperate battle
or CovadonSa. Il fight resembling the
Swiss battle OF Movgar;en in disparity
OF numbers, in the weapons Of the VIE
tors and in its influence upon later re-
SUITS. The Mussulmans hitherto count
e0 inVincible, had now been once de-
feated. They made no further effort
to break the indomitable spirit of the
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. -
The attempt OF the Moors and Sara
Gems to subjugatc France was foiled by
Charles Martel ut the battle Of Tours
in 732. North of the Pyrenees they
could obtain no .coothold except along
the immediate shore of the Mediterra
mean The tide had reached its furthest
limit and began to recede. But the ebD
was almost imperceptblc. because 50
slow.
1t was the century of that pic
turesque figure, Rodrigo Dlez de Bivar.
whom the Spaniards dubbed FL Cam
peador, the Champion, who is inmor-
taliZcd under the title given him hy the
Moors OF I'll Cid. the Cid or the Lord.
The gallant freebooter, who harricd
Christians and MuSsulmans alike and
despolcd them all. has been converted
by Spanish romance into the national
his capture in 1884 IF Valencia. tnen the
most luxurious ana wcalthiest OF the
Moorish cities. and still called Valencis
of the Cid
The Mussulmans had grown cffemi
nate and realized That thcr power was
waning. they tremhod before tine
Christians They called TO their assist
ance their fanatic and bar5aric breth,
rem. the Almoraviles. who had set up
n kingdom in northern africa. 1t was
the story OF the doves who. through
fear of the kite. asked help from the
hawk. Yusuf. the AlmoraVidc CHIEF
tain, yielded to their entreaty. He
came ana overthrow Alphonso VI. III
an awful battle. Then he dispcssessed
the omirs. seized their eTAirates for
himself and founded a new S!ussulman
kingdom which he ruled with ferocity.
The deposed e.nirs and Alphcnso VI.
formed an alliance. but could make
no head agains. the terrible coaluevor,
who soon retook Valencia. Tho rule
of this horde lasted for 81 hundred
years. They were s,rong fra'"'t .r ths
twelfth cenrury to crush hira 10 I. of
Aragon, the Warrior. who -s rlTse.
his kingdom into p1We-fr but
on the fe!d of Ouri1-e were
crushed by tha Portngg were
emerging on The west In us nal He
Then came anctHer inN,r irish
most from i.f~irl -iNa r.- a.
i'ritar;ars, vino r~ i5-el ives
thh rererc.I. CO 6r.av7i , 1-n-
or tAsiV uli1p. Mthe4 III,
4 ccmvie,c vc - A ~
Iae a9@N ~. to .a,;s,.i.s among
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30
SPAIN An THE TIME or FERDINAND AND IsABrIIA.

they were most affected by religious
zeal or hope Of plumber. They roamed
over the deserts of the Sahara and ter
rorized the southern shores of the Med
iterranean. They themselves were
poor. often pinched for food but united
and strong. Northward beyond the
narrow strip of water, only sixteen
miles in width, which separates Europe
and Africa stretched the vast PENN
sula of Spain. Common report magni-
fed the riches of its inhabitants, VINO
were Known to be numerous, but al
enmity with each other and in that
proportion weak.
a few hundred Mussulman adven-
turerS crossed. encountered little oppo-
stion and came back with marvellous
tales of the beauty and wealth of An
dalusia, the most southern province of
the country. MouSa, the A alb Cover
nor of northwes tern Africa was brave,
but crafty and cautious. Unwilling 10
employ a large force in what might be
Il disastrous enterprise, he selected
about 5000 men and intrusted them to
the command of his Berber or Moor
lieutenant, 'Tarik. At the same time he
gave his officer such careful directions
rs almost savored of timidity. Tarlll
passed the strait in safety, and landed
at the famous rock, which In its modern
name preserves the memory OF his eX-
ploit-Gcbel- el-Tarik or Gibraltar, the
Hill of Tarik.
The country was then convulsed with
civil war. Roderick was the nominal
king OF Spain, but was opposed by 9TH
er pretcnders to the throne. Neverthe-
less. with vastly superior forces, he
marched against the invader. Though
Tarik had been re-enforced. his army
did not equal onc-ffth of the Spanish
host. Throwing his careful orders to
the winds, Tarik destroyed his ships.
like Cortes 500 years later, so that the
Mussumans should have no hope Of
life except in victory. If defeated, they
must be destroyed to n man. The two
armieA joined battle on the banks of
the Guadaicte, the River of Delight.
The Christians were utterly routed.
Their king, the last Of the Goths." was
drowned in the river and his body was
never recovered.
This battle and all the antecedent
events of the invasion have been in
vested by the Spanish chroniclers with
every sort of legend or fable in the
attempt to cXtenuate or even Slorify
the defeat. Nor in exaggera,ion have
the Mussulman historians been far be-
hind. AS to the attendant clrcum-
stances i; is impossible or difficult to
discern the truth. But . few facts are
sure. It WAS fought in the year Ill. Il,
was decisive. not only of the ruin OF
4 dynasty. but Of the fate OF a kingdom
for hundreds OF years. Until 1892, when
,he successors OF Tar.l. me, theiy las.
ana irretrevahle defeat in GvI3ada
the rc-occupation Of spain Vas ID
Moorish question. The main efart Of
the Spanish Christians thrauSh twca;y-
four generatiors of fighting men was 10
regain their territories from ;aa a.
horred invader.
The disooedence of TarlS. his rash
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30
OPINIONS oETIiE PRESS.

The close of that war found the ma
tional government burdened for the
irst time with a debt Of enormous pro-
portions. amounting, on March LIST, 1866.
to nearly three billions of dollars. This
Indebtedness was evidenced by bonds,
and these bonds were held mainly by
the representatives of capital in the
East.
Circumstances were propitious. The
President and the Congress were sub
Ject to influence. The refunding acts
were passed. by which the life OF the
bonds was extended again and again,
and the payment of the national debt
correspondingly deferred. Then were
enacted the laws providing that these
bonds and the interest thereon should
be paid in coin. They were purchased
with greenbaclls worth on an average
considering all the bonds, about 30
cents on the dollar in coin: the result
being that by Legislation it was pro-
vidcd that the people shoNld pay to the
bondholders Two dollars for every one
dollar loaned to the people in order to
carry on the war besides paying the
interest likewise in coin.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30
POPULAR STUDIES IN EUROPEAN HISTORY.

ness. and possibly his brilliant success
excited the jealous anger of Mousa. He
ordered the lieutenant to remain on the
defensive until he himself should ar
rive and take command. But the fiery
general could not be restrained. The
opportunity was toe precious to be lost
Nowhere was there Il fortress which
could resist his arms. The Spanish
Jews. horribly oppressed by the Chris
tians, were eager to hail the Mussul-
mans as deliverers and were able
everywhere to afford efficient aid. Tarik
pressed on. He or his officers rapidly
seized Malaga, Cordova. Ncres ana
Granada, Toledo. the royal Gothic cap
ital, was occupied in the following
year. Meanwhile Mousn appeared ana
captured Merida and Seville Within
two years Spain from Gibraltar TO the
Pyrenees was in Moorish hands.
But Il resolute band of Christ ians. who
would not submit. had taken refuge in
the wild mountains OF the Austrias. in
the extreme northwest. lnaccessi blc in
their fastness they dciied attack. Their
asylum. La Cucva de Anscva Cine cav
ern of -Arsev;O became sort OF Adult
lam's cave for the gathering Of men of
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30
MAN AND KNOWLEGE.

formerly we were taupht t,,at r.od
created us all, after His image: but in
'hcse latter days 1t is said. neither
proianely nor falsely. that everyone
makes his God after his own IMAGE
me new style. with religious liberty
seems satisfactory all around. if it be
not as orthodox as the old STYLE In
accord with new style, Daude, tolls nc
IN one of his stories of an artist nt
Iouion who cast statuettes of The soirts
ior inc rious customers Of his employer
ana VINO always made the image lool,
ike It's purchaser: she not only heinz,
much battered thereby, but naturally
expecting more favor from n patron.
SAINT VINO rcsembled her 50 much. And
this' too, was satisfactory all around.
the artist winning more applause there.
by. and his employer more customers
and better prices for the statuettes or
statues. or busts. or heads, as ordered
1t is the way of the world. 1t Is man
and woman as they are. They not only
desire to see. but do see, themselves in
all things. all beings, ali beliefs th,,
inspire them with awe and reverence
love and worship. or admiration do
sire. or regard. Ir all these we mirror
ourselves truly Ito ourselves. at leos.,
though all of our looking glasses n
self-chosen. are sure to nattcr us ne
to our appearance. And all this is SO
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

OF the establishment by law of an I'M
constitutional single gold standard
against the existing. time-honored and
constitutional States rights, gold ana
silver unity Of standard.
Though we have this unity of stand
ard still. and have had II ever since the
foundation OF our government. we are
told that bimetallism is impossible;
mere dispute rs to words. matter OF
chop-loglc. which THE VIRGINIAN-
PILOT declines to enter on;-suffice IT
that whatever the status quo Is, and
has been. ever since gold and silver
coin were made our constitutional
money, that we must sustain and pre-
serve, while We restore to silver metal
its money quality. and to the people
their right of free shortcomings. which
were filched from them respectively in
1879. The act Of 1873 has n gold con-
tract clause, which. however, instead OF
establishing gold as our standard.
proves positively that it is not. by thus
allowing special contracts in writing.
for payment in gold. Remember that.
Yield nothing to this game of assump-
ton and taking for granted. in which
the Republicans and their allies are so
insolent ana expert. Let us preserve
the present standard. which makes sill
yer coin the full equal of gold, and let
us restore the free coinage that will
make silver metal the full equal of
gold metal
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

sent and education dangerous in.
manner OF opinion. desires. ambitions
and aspirations. Therefore. no liberty.
no education. and all the bliss of ig.
norance. reinforced by a standing
army of hirelings (the volunteer mill
tia of the States, and people disbandea
and disarmed) to keep liberty down
and out as q dlsturber OF the peace?
But how comes it that in America
alone. of all countries, our universities
and colleges are actually nurseries of
imperial. monarchical and aristocratic
ideas. Does money demoralize Profess
ors and students? 1t looks so.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30
NorAT HOME

Our government Is not at home. The
Uncle Sam which Hanna has given US
is out-abroad. Even when Hanna's
pawnbroker (the Uncle referred TOD and
government were in Washington, they
were mot at home" there, and were
like fish out of water: or like pigs,
yearning to be roofing in somebody's
field. On all public questions, always
a. sea-" they were stranded upon the
Philippine Islands last year, Where, be-
ing Hospitality received and assisted by
the natives. they were able to maintain
themselves against Spain, who objected
to their presence. But this objection
being overcome and the Spaniards
driven out (stiil with the aid OF the
Philippines, who are still at war with
spain), our government at once backed
Uncle Sans claim that the islands. and
their People were in pawn to him on an
advance OF s2O0Oo.o00 to Spain-a claim
which anyone can easily see that the
Philippines could never assent to, and
must repudiate all the more because of
its being based on the hated preten-
sions of Spain TO sovereignty In the
islands.
Evidently, our government and Uncle
sam went out to shear; but the results
so far are great cry and no wool, with
the probability that they who went out
to shear will come back shorn.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

infalliblc. that IL we could only see all
things as another sees them Che or she
unconsciously projecting self into
them). we should see the real self of
that other; while the looking glasses of
them. consciously projecting an ideal
self into their deoths), would reflect
that other as he or she desires to be
seen by others. and would present the
| best conception of what that other
would like to be, or to love and be loved
by, at once.
No doubt this partial revelation Of
man and woman Is modified in degree
by the character of every person, and
by the sex of the person: man being
! more indifferent. to his appearance
physical. moral. &c) than woman,
though he is also more Indifferent than
she to all outside of self: except TO
what he calls his interests and circum-
stances. AS every man fails more or
less to know himself, 1t is not likely
that t. he can become more fully and
truly acquainted With another; yet, If
he intelligently and carefully follow the
guides suggested as to another, he will
surely know enough of him for all
practical purposes, as he may know
himself in so far as he can apply the
same measures 10 himself.
All men, however, must remain I'M
known in large part to themselves and
all others. except their Creator. In his
strength and weakness. in his capacity
for good and evil. and in many other
particulars of Importance. every man Is
moro or less a mystery to all but the
Omnsciont. and reveals himself only
as he is put to the test by events.
While this is forcibly attested by num-
erous examples in history and current
experience, We are continually and con-
hdently overrating or undertaking
others and ourselves, with a reckless
faulty whose evil consequences seem
neither to restrain nor enlighten us:
Know myself" If thou canst, before
thou assumest to know another.
The sum of the whole matter is that
we know enough. IL we would use our
knowledge we'll: that with respect to
ourselves and others. our ignorance Is
bliss; and that fuller knowledge of one
another would Gil us with horror and
despair.
Heaven fr'aa all creatures hides the
book of fate,
All but the page prescribed. their pres
ent state:
From hates what men. from men what
spirits know.
Or who could suffer being here below?
.
O blindness to the future. kindly given,
That each may fill the circle marked by
Heaven:
who sees with equal eye. as God of all,
nero perish, or a sparrow fall!
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

The term "AIoors" commonly indi-
Gates the Mussulmans, of whatever or
igin, who occupied parts of Spain dur
ing the middle ages. They crossed
from Mauritania. now Morocco. and
the great majority were of Moorish
blood. Hence it was natural that the
same name should be applied to them
all. In England is even became custo-
mary to speak OF every Mussulman.
even in Arabia. Syria and the farther
east, as Il Moor.
The prophet NIohammed died in 632.
Within less than eighty years after
his death the advancing tide of Mus
sulman victory had reached the Afri-
can shores of the Atlantic. Each saw
age people Immediately on its CONVEX
sion furnished fresh soldiers and fresh
missionaries for the faith SO the new
ly converted Berber tribes showed
equal ardor in proselytism and con-
quest. 1t is impossible to say whether
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30
THE TRUSTS ARE RESPONSIBLE

SOCIALISTS were never encouraged and
rallied as they have been Of late. The
elections in several of the cities Of the
West were conducted upon Il platform
demanding municipal ownership of
public utilities. and it is now contended
by men who have never been known as
Socialists that IL municipal ownership
is good. State and national ownership
is better. Many men are saying just
as this Socialist mayor of Haverhill ie
saying that you cannot enforce anti
trust laws. and that the only remedy
against trusts is for the government to
buy them up and operate their ma
chinery. 1t - Il great question 1t is,
in our opinion. one of the most serious
questions with which the people of
this country have ever been confront
ed. '-Richmond Times.
For n long time this paper has been
warning the trusts, all aggregated and
organized capital and the advocates OF
these and their operations. that they
were going too far.-promoting and
forcing socialistc and communistlc
government b. their examples and OBJ
ject lessons. Our voice was as that of
one crying alone in the wilderness. for
u long time; but latterly Harpers
Weekly and the Baltimore Sun. and
perhaps other journals. have had edi-
torials on the same line: and even the
Richmond Times sees what is happen,
ing. though With that perverted vision
which leads it to misplace the RESPONSE
bllty. instead OF putting it where il,
so plainly belongs: on the trusts and
other active promoters OF combination,
consolidation and cooperation for pri-
Vate and corporate behoor, thereby not
only illustrating the principles and the
cries of the commune and the phalan-
stery as necessarily successful and
profitable. to all associated in them.
and welding power almost irrcsisti-
BILE. practically, against or over all out
side of them. but thus alluring all devo-
tees of material gain to schemes So
simple. seductive ami assured, and
forcing all other observers to consider
n general combine and common pu 3llc
trust as the only means of defence and
resistance. In short. as the Mayor
of Haverhill means and in effect
says. the trusts have not only con-
WINGED us of their power and their
profitable results to all their operators
and stock holders. but that we must
meet them with their own weapons, or
adopt their ways, means and methods.
In short, fight the devil with fire." If
the trusts press us TO the last resort.
The Times. and others. may blindly
or perversey attribute the growing IA :
vor shown by the people for social and
commuh!stlc projects to what they
please; but this cannot alter or aifec,
the truth. that the trusts themselves
are the cause of this, and will surely
bring socialism ana communism upon
themselves and all of us. if no other
relief or escape from the trusts is
speedily available To government and
Inc public. II makes no difference thar
capital is the deadly enemy of com
munism and has not meant TO preeipi-
tate 1T upon us and themselves. bu, II
mas hit precisely upon the course nor
only TO encourage it's coming. but tn
ioree It's eager acceptance as the less
vi Two eVlls confronting us.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

Birds of a feather flock together.
Birds of prey appear all around the
horizon and darllen the skies in some
quarters. Trusts are accompanied by
combines of counterfeiters; and the
great conspiracy just uncovered in
Pennsylvania. involving men of stand
ing and responsibility. is but a larger
development of n widespread epidemic
OF forgery which in Virginia, so far.
has appeared only in two colored wo,
men, charged with uttering raised"
notes.
pro.ligate party and administra-
ton controlling public affairs, debauch
the people in all things; and if Han
mas reign continue. iniquity and crime
will dominate us in all affairs. public
and private. from crap" games ia
treaties
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

The Norfolk Virginian-Pilo of We'd
nesday contained a page of city print
ing, giving full information as to taxes
on property. persons and licenses for
the payment OF interest on the city's
debt and to meet the general appropria-
tons for the coming fiscal year The
value of this information to the Gilt
zens of Norfolk is FULLY appreciated by
hundred and fifty sections Of the tan
law is printed.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

Educated men and women are seldom
without an occupation that will at least
afford Il living. This is one of the rea-
sons why an educated person Is seldom
found in crime and prison. except when
brought there by riotous living and dis
SiCation.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

Amherst College. wch xp-IS
EXAMINATIONS AND CERTIFI-
GATES.
wch xp-I8

At the end OF the term of seventeen
weeks. a series of questions on each
course. prepared by Professor Seymour
Eaton, will be published in the Vlr-
ginian-Pilot. and blanks containing the
questions viii be furnished every sub
scriber making application fer same
Two weeks will be allowed after the
courses close. for the receipt of exami..
nation papers containing answers.
These papers will be referred to q
Board OF Examiners. who will assist
Professor Eaton. and as soon as the
work of examination is complete, the
result will be reported. and certificates
issued to the students entitled to them.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

Help to educate the boys. for it is
they, not ourselves, who will have to
pay Norfolk's bonded indebtedness. We
have to hustle hard enough to pay the
interest
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

Illicit distilleres of cigars seems to
be all the raSe."-Norfolll Landmark
Our esteemed contemporary must
have been smoking "moonshne." To-
bacco smoke con1ures up spirits, but we
never saw a cigar distillery among
thcm.-Roanoke Times.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

Happiness is not purchased with gold
II is a state of mind dependent upon
the senses, acting as a governor upon
The passions.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

If the army investigation grows much
older it will be necessary to embalm il
to preserve it,
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

ones credit is based upon good name
and good management, as much as
upon property, for if we live not within
our income the principal must be sacri-
feed.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

The South is in sad need to-day of a
respectable minority party.-Richmond
Times.
An. indeed! What are you and your
fellows?
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

If there must be a sacrifice, let tn
bad. not the good, suffer-
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

The emoluments of political office
like the crop in the field, increase will
work"
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30
|E|lN q PAGES
J ! "a fRIL 30. 1893,
a'Isis 81 &DARD MONEY ;

q ri 1tslzsela7Sss - -
= - ain 81 1ys:
= epublican Convention
s3 kfeclare positively for
M me me goia s da,,,,, a,
syord representation"
sISov the SIM II as
o. & : X ~ Already the money
- = initial States. If so.
III baIcome so? Sec
T. Aurv Circular
= - WAS IA law. rule
s = 4change or re-
I = = = 4 presented Mt
49, = EslIyer. he said,
: > = sso6ired no re-
r = = =! ssrsdoIlars coined
isl Was standard
: = |Il - - a.sold coin. And
ait and Practice, the
:; 81 q We'll as All silver coin,
iii iness, is payable and re-
ts face value, no matter
4 S 6fi md diminished in weight
HAdA &f3QfnffdiSEf{d Ilus received at the
$2SiSys gell as on the street; while
Ia LAYS and fact lis a legal
6erss 9n It's value in weight. and
lot receive snor paid at its face
IS RnywheYe.
b eonstifli ti6h empowers Congress
y q EN- ,nSe Inc value
as1 s. sss Soit meaning
z So D = so'n soiu anu
a -. Z !: s sss Sc $50 anu as IL
8 sss ~ $500 snan MAKE
VI & az = 8 $3.50 and SILVER
8 ts ss I, "a i e,elIe, VI uep,s' !.
IS y = 8 s,sss - 80. 'eo'u anu
q; IN, ~. anu eoi-
s ~ ~, ~. ue'''oi'
ri q &C., ~. ',e SuS
{e Y 4 sss !, a. s,,nsss =. -,
II s. ,, uess &c
9, s., n .o'neu
ass 1. " w. mm MA ~ DIV
Sl D !; ; 50 !. .,tsi, ~ nooa, 80
:, L. - az % ,ne
!, Z 49,, ,,.,s, ~ IN. ns
& ~ 49, ' ',',.'
5 S EN- .hs .,. .e.'oe'
q sss ii !. & sSss.ins. 4 tho So
- 81 M j, s5sfSTN1s7 p1I1, To y,
: 8 t,Sssxss 4sISTJ rrIIEM
: q s. e -- =
' ~ ~. FsIe that to-day there is
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-04-30

We want to I'll your spring. wants in
Inc tailoring line. No better on earth
han the kind we make.
RUDOLPH g. WALLACE.
S33 Main street. =