The sun., 1899-05-07
xorEs ON SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

NOTES ON aCIENCE AND INDUsTRY
An interesting study in railroad economics 10 pre-
sented In the plan being carried out In the consruo
ton OF the great Siberian line now under way.
In the Nrst place. the work 10 conducted directly
by the Government without the mediation of con.
tractors. Laborers chiefly from European Rus
ala reinforced by natives of Siberia and gangs Of
convicts The mechanics are chiefly Italians, Bel
gians and Poles Track laying 10 done by tho rail.
road baalons OF the army, while In Eastern Siberia
and Manchuria Chinese coolies are employed: about
10000 men are at work on the line west Of Lake
Baikal on which the track is nearly all laid, and
far m nos.b,e~ material. .,. obtained from ,b.
country nm tho linn Tba lima a. NJ, NJ Aha ata n tb.
Amoor valley eaa miles IA called Tho rran.b,it.l
r,road rort b.. bo.r ,ros.cu,.d ~, a. ahont tour
y.ar. ana 90, ,o n. notea mi. ,.,r AZ ,e..t n
far an ths river onon .oma hea r,i,e. from I,t.
p,,tal vbere the Cb,nes. Ea,tern P.ilrosd beoip,
Tho vbo,e enotb ~ tho line from cheliabn.k near
tho Europ.,n border tbrougb Manchur,a To y,odi.
vostoct Including . eircpit 70 I,to p,ita, will h.
1oo mia.
process for making hne wool from the limestone
rock found in such inexhaustible quantities In the
neighborhood Of Alexandria, Ind. 10 q recent dis
covery by G. O. Hail. chemist OF the steel works at
that place. the claim being that from combination
Of % per cont. Of the limestone. chemicals and
OF the commonest of minerals, pure wool 10 obtain
able a. white as snow. 1t seems that, while making
experiments with limestone for his factory. IL was
found that certain kind of the material instead Of
turning to quicklmo when subjected to hre. would.
when combined with chemicals. turn into lava. and
rror, thi. h.a,nn,r, A.. r,-ao.s. ~. ,r.,,.,
aor,r -, r..n,,.s ia. osat. :. s.,s,,
,nan.,-,.I ,,o.,,,,,., 49,. a., 80. - -, a,
r.nr...nt.t - =. :. 20, 80 ,.s,.s a.. ..,,..s
~ 49,, .n, -, -. ,.,,,,..,..a h... -
.h..n -, =. ,.,..s , .,,,.a a, -. .e.., -
A. -, ,-.t.r "a ~. .r,n, ...r,. =. y. -.
,,s,.s 'N'' ~
Tho nice adjustment necessary in the various part,
Of the immense engines now employed for some OF
the trains on our great railway lines NAV be ind
Gated by few data of the work erformed by these
parts when the locomotive ia worked at hph speed
Thus, in the case Of q passenger engine at sixty
miles an hour, q driving wheel of i've and one half
feet diameter revoves Ave times every second and
this being So tho reciprocatnc parts of each cyn
der, including ono piston rod, crosshead and con.
Meeting rod, weighing about six hundred and fifty
70 tne stroke say two fee every time the wheel re-
wolves. or in the NTH OF seconds this weight starts
from state OF rest at the end Of each stroke Of the
piston and must acquire velocity of thirty-two
feet per second in one-twentieth Of second, and
must be Drought to state OF rest In the Same period
OF time piston eighteen inches in diameter has
an area OF 2b4k SQUARE ipches: steam of one hun.
dred ana hfty pounds pressure per square inch
3s175 pounds which force in appied ALTERNATELY ON
| each side Of tb, nston tan t,m.. IN . ,.cord
| In tne prooucuon OF tho Weu-known Engnsh hard
soaps OF nigh repnte the manufacturers use hard
| ,h... h.,,r r.,.r.u hon.a ...o.h.. tn A. .s,
| e.o oeS ooiuu ., ~ 'ose'ioi u,'ii .io INN
"aeN .s .Ae oo"p N.u ., ,no ei''eitie
h nu'' III 'no NH'ef, snu 'ney sre he.'
,..., 'o VI sn'' ~ "hion soap Il
nv. nny e,oess ., a,AAn. al 'ne eiycerine.
u e Nv. .'n '.o sHi. Hnu % 90 inv ,no %
W w ~ .'--,., noo ,"o 'peu' -
| :, 'ie ~, eo'..e 40 1p
'.N. eno y. '.o ,o enu 'uo oo"p oulu
| o. oes .Aeeu' A,"' 20 t",. ue'. I"Oo "ooue"
w oUo. nv VI "' 20 iu,
'ioA.ou ~.'n Anu Ano niei'ea'
| - y, '"o .oiu .. ploeo' mo- 70 pio
'u.eu' .ne', =. . s~onpeiA'uio ~ Ueio" .ns oo,hns
| po,no "esef 'no pfope. pf"po,aon Vi nAra iA'
| ociuG tueu bumcicnt 10 hquoiy IT. buu = bulthDle