davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
Remarkable KencuS,

Mrs. Michael Curtain, Piainfield, Ill,
makes the statement that she caught
cold, which settled on her lungs; she
was treated for a month by her family
physician, but grew worse. He told her
that she was a hopeless victim OF con-
sumption and that no medicine could
cure her. Her druggist suggested DR..
Kings New Discovery for Consump-
tiOn she bought a bottle and to her
delight found herself benefited from
first dose. She continued its use and
after taking six bottles, found herself
sound and we'll; now does her own
Homework, and 10 as we'll as she ever
was.-Free trial bottles of this Great
Discovery at r. H. Holiday & Sons
Drug Store, large bottles 80 cents and
81 co.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
ARB0R DAY..

For several years we have advocated
an ArbOr Day for Franklin and South
ampton counties, The more we think
OF the matter the more thoroughly i'm
pressed are We of the necessity of such
day. In some sections of the North
and West this day is made one of great
celebration, and the s. A. L. has been
trying to establish along its line an
Arbor Day, and we are glad to note
that many places have begun to have
such a day to improve their towns.
Now the s. A. L. has appointed Wed
nesday, March 10Th as Arbor Day
along its line. This 10 set apart for the
planting of shade trees in towns for
their improvement. Will Franklin cell
citrate Arbor Day Let US by all means
do sO,and make the day one of pleas
ur0, holiday. 1t only needs some one
to start 1t. We would suggest that OuY
Honorable Mayor call a public meeting
OF our citizens and lay the matter be.
fore them, and invite the nearby citi.
zens OF the county to attend and CO.
operate In the ArbOr day exercises
Let committees be appointed as fol.
lows: One on getting up tire es (by
contribution or purchase, if necessary
one on amusements; one on securing
speakers; one on dinner.
| Let's have speaking on the subject
OF tree planting ana local improve
ments; after which we then proceed
to plant trees and name them 9TH,
donor having this privilege, thus Gre
atine . further interest in the work
then follow this by big pnblic dinne
to which the town and our country
friends be invited. Then let the clos
ing exercises of the day be 8 numbe
of selected amusements.
Let's have an Arbor day by all means
Start the ball, Mr.. Mayor, and you viii
no doubt have plenty of hackers. In
terest the ladies and see what
grand success it will be.@Southamp
ton Democrat.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

An Opinion on Private Business COrpo.
rations.
An important opinion has been
rendered by the Attorney General in
q letter to the State Auditor regard
ing the status of private business
corporation (under the revenue aci
in the hands of q receiver. The full
text of the letter is as follows:
"Hon. Hal. w. Aver, State Auditor:
"Sir: in reply to your communities.
ton of the % inst. l will say that q
private business corporation, under
the revenue act, acts of ~, chapter
1863, section 81, in the hands of re-.
ceiyer, is haole for the graduated
tax imposed therein. If the receiv'
or proceeds to operate the business,
he uses the franchise as an officer oil
the court and to the same extent a.
If the officers were operating the
company. 1t is the franchise which
is being used in both cases. Ths
principle of law would be differne
if the corporation placed in th'
hands of receiver was prohibited
from transacting the business fol
which it was incorporated and de-
prived of the right to exercise IT
franchise.
Very Respectfully.
''ZEB V. WALsER,
Attorney Gen'l.'
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16


der.
"THE MOST PAINFUL VOTE /
EVER GAVE IN MY LIFE WAS
FORT CONSTIT UTION l.
AMENDMENT DID NOT GIVE
THAT VOTE AS a DEMOCRAT,
NOR'FOR THE SUCCESS OF THE
DEMOCRATIC PARTY; BECAUSE
! VERIFY BELIEVE THAT TT
WOULD BE BETTER FOR THE
DEMOCRATIC PARTY FOR THE
NEGRO TO CONTINUE AN ISSUE
IN POLITICS. BUT ! GAVE THE
VOTE BECAUSE / FELT IT
WOULD ,BE BETTER FOR THE
POOR NEGRO WE HAVE LEARN
Ed TO LOVE FOR HIS FAITHFUL
NESS. VOTED FOR. IT. TO PUT
AN END TO ELECTION FRAUDS,
To INTIMIDATIONS AND MURD-
Err. 1 GAVE THAT VOTE FOR
THE GOOD OF MY POPULIST AM
WHITE REPUBLICAN FRIENDS
WHO COULD, IF THE NEGRO WAS
ELIMINATED FROM POLITICS
DISCUSS THE GREAT STATE AMI
NATIONAL ISSU ES WITHOUT BE-
ING CALLED "BLACk II Fart.
ED"-SENATOR OSBORNE, IN TIL
LEGISLATURE OF 1899.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
WHAT SHALL We DO.
A serious and dangerous disc

A serious and dangerous disease
prevails in this country, dangerous
because so deceptive. 1t comes on so
slowly yet surely that 1t is often firm
ly seated before we are aware of it.
The nameOf this disease which may
be divided into three distinct stages
is, First, Kidney trouble, indicated by
pain in the back, rheumatism, lum-
bagO, frequent desire to urinate. often
with burning sensation, the flow of
urine being cOpious or scant with
strong odor.
If allowed to advance, this reaches
the Second stage, or Bladder tronble,
with heavy pain in the abdomen low
down between the navel and the water
passage, increasing desire to urinaJe,
with scalding sensation in passing,
small quantities being passed with
difficulty. sometimes necessary to draw
it with instruments. If uric acid OF
gravel has formed, it will prove dan
gerous if neglected.
The Third stage is Bright's Disease.
There is comfort in knowing that
DR.. Kilmer, the great kidney and
bladder specialist, nas discovered q
Remedy famous for it's marvellous
cures of the most distressing cases
and known as DR.. Kilmer's Swamp.
Root.
1t is sold by all druggists.
As q proof of the wonderful virtues
of this great discovery, Swamp-Root,
q sample bottle aud book of valuable
information will be sent absolutely
free by mail on application to Dr.
Kilmer & Co., .Binghamton, N. Y
When writing kindly mention that
you read this liberal offer in the TIL
CAUCASIAN.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

The Charlotte News, commenting
on the new election law and the Con
stitutional Amendment, says:
1--WE have proba bly, saved the State
from Republican rule for = genera
ton to come. We have placed the
Democratic party in secure posses'
sion of the state government We
have saved the State from fusion.
In plain words. this means, accord
ing to q leading Democratic paper,
that the Democratic party, unwilling
to trust the will of the people. has
leglslated itself into perpetual power.
But We doubt il the free white men
of the Western counties will submit
Times Mercury.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
story ofa slave

To BE- bound hand and foot for years
by the chains Of disease 10 the worst
forms Of slavery. George ID. Williams,
Of Manchester, Mich. tells how such Q
slave was made free. He says: my
wife has been SO helpless for five years
that she could not turn over in bed
alone. After using two bottles of olec-
trio Bitters, she is wonderfully imorov-
ed and able to do her own work. This
supreme remedy for female diseases
quickly cures nervousness. sleepless-
ness, melancholy, headache, backache
faintiDg and dizzy spells. This mir
acle working medicine is Q godeend 10
weak, sickly, run down people. Every
bottle guaranteed. Only 80 cents. Sold
by X. H. Holiday & Son, Druggist.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

We beg leave to com mend the stand
taken by Mr.. Reinhardt, of Lincoi n
ton, in his refusal to vote for the pro
posed constitutional amendment. He
promised his people in the cam pHigp,
be says, that he would not vote To
disfrsnchise any body, and this being
so, be could not. in honor, 60 With
his party on this proposition Ii does
not matter that he made this pledge
inadvisedly-he did right to maintain
the purity of his soul. Aud that is q
great deal more than party regular
ity.-Charlotte Observer.
The same pledge was made by Sim
mons and all the Democratic candi-
dates. Then if Mr.. R.inhArdt is to
be commended, the Others are to be
condem ued. -Ex.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

STATE OF OHIO, CITY OF TOLEDO, =.
LUCAS COUNTY, -
FRANK j. CHENEY makes oath that
he is the senior partner of the firm of
F. j. CHENEY & Co, doing business in
the City of Toledo, county and State
aforesaid, and that said firm will pay
the sum of ONE HUNDRED DOL
LARS for each and every case of CA
TARRH that cannot be cured by the use
of HALLS CATARRH CURE.
FRANK j. CHENEY.
Sworn TO before me and subscribed
in my presence, this 9th day of Decem-
Der, A. D., 1886.
A. w. GLEASON.
SEAL Notary Public
Halls Catarrh Cure is taken inter.
nally, and acts directly on the blood
and mucous surfaces of the system
Send for Testimonials, free.
F. j. CHENEY & CO.. Toledo. o.
Sold by Druggists, 75c.
HALLS Family Pills are the best.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

The foolish and mandlin gush of
certain Democratic newspapers over
Rudyard Kipling's latest poetic glo-
rifcation OF British imperialism is
painfully disgusting. Is it possible
that they do not know the meaning
Of Kipling's poetic pleai Is it pos
sible that they do not know that the
appeal to US to take up the white
man burden" is an appeal to Us to
repeal, to discard and spit upon the
great principles Of the Declarations
of Independence and TO inject into
the vitals of this free Republic the
deadly poison of European militarism
and Imperialism
This klpling effusion is the most
valuable campaign literature that
the enemies Of republican form of
government have yet secured for
their imperilists propaganda. 1t is
dangerous because it is not only =
false but seductive plea appealing
more to sentiments and the emotions
than to the reason.
Will any American citizen say IN
plain words that the mission of the
anglo-saxon race in the United States
is to discard the Republic of Wash
ington and Jefferson and set up the
kind of government from the yoke Of
which revolutionary ancestors fought
to be freeq Who will say that our
mission is to raise standing armies
for conquest in foreign lands; to pour
out the blood of our young men and
to tax heavily the people to support
the foolish and costly burden, and
this is the "white mans BURDEN -
that Kipling, the mouth piece of the
imperialists asks US "to take up"
The true white mans burden in
America is to preserve free govern
ment for our own peol lie, giving the
greatest possible blessings at the
least possible cost in taxation. The
true white mans burden in North
Carolina is to bring together and
align for battle the white men who
oppose British imperialism, who op'
pose the British gold ring who op
pose the imperial monopolists anc
trusts. This was defeated in NORTH
Carolina last year by the imperialist.
and monopolists who raise the false
cry of negro domination" an "whitt
mans government"
Kipling's plea to US to "take ny
the white mans burden is no NOR.
false or dangerous to the welfare O.
our people than was the "white man.
party plea raised by tho imperial
lists and monopolies in North Caro-
lima last year.
Let those who love and revere +.
Republican form of government be
ware of both-they are wolves il
sleeps clothing.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
THE LEGISLATIKE OF 1900.

The legislature or railroad attor
neys, which was claimed to have q
majority on the wisdom and patriot
ism of the State, has met and ad-
journed. 1t has done many things
it promised it would not do, and left
undone many things that it promised
to do.
1t is the first time North Carolina,
in her whole history, has been inflic-
ted with legislature that was fore
ed to adjourn to meet at q future
date before the next election to find
out how many mistakes it had made.
1t has enacted an election law un-
der which the ballot box thieves can
have full license to steal, and under
which it will be almost impossible to
convict and punish them.
1t has presented constitutional
amendment which will not only dis
franchise the negro, but which will
surely result in DISTINGUISHING near
ly as many whites. The party ma
chine is responsible for this legisla-
ture, they promised the people that
if they were given the legislature
that no man, either white or black
should be disfranchised on account oil
his inability TO read or write, or be-
cause he did not own so much prop
erty, or because he had not paid hi.
poll tax. There has never been {
more fragrant violation Q f public faitl
than this.
1t failed to pass an anti trust law
1t passed q so-calltd antitrust Law
that will prove to be more of a shan
and fraud than the Sherman anti
trust law has been. A fairly goo,
bill was intro duced, but at the dicta
ton of the trusts the ma jority of III
legislative stencil amp every vital an
affective feature OF the bill. Tn
sham law passed will never heap u
q single trust-mark the predic ton
1t failed to pass an effected stat
ute TO prevent foreign corporation
doing busine IS in the State, from ev,
ding our State courts and carry in
causes to the Federal courts. The
passed prefer ed measure that !
so colorless and inc Elective that
vas not opposed by single monol
oily attorney either in or out of tn
legislature.
1t failed to pass a law prohibit;n
the giving or taking Of gold note
and mortgages, though the party
pledged to pass and enforce such LEI
islation.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
Volcanic EruptIOns

Are grand, but Skin Eruptions rob
life of JOY, Bucklen's Arnica Sale cures
them, also old, running and fever
sores, Ulcers, Bolls, Felons, Corns,
Warts, Cuts, Bruises, Burns, Scalds,
Chapped Hands, Chilblains, Bess Pile
cure on earth. Drives outpains and
aches. Only rs cents box. Cnre guar
anteed. Sold by r. II. Holiday & Son,
Druggist.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
That Throhhiny HeAdnchs

Would quickly leave you, If you used
DR.. Kings New Life Pills. Thousands
of sufferers have proved their match
less merit for sick and nervous head
aches. They make pure blood and
strOng.nerves and build up your health.
Easy To take. Try them. Only % cents.
Money back if not cured. Sold by X
Ii. Holiday Il Son, Druggist
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
Oh, the Pain of
Rheumatism!

Seose suffering. Many have for years
yainly oeught relief from this disabling
disease, and are to-day worse of than
ever. Raleumatism IL . blood disease,
snA 6wifts Specific il the only cure, be-
cause 1t y the only remedy which can
reach such deep-seated diseases.
4 fsw years 40 was taken with inAamma-
tory RAsunstism, which became % intense
that wos for weeks unable to walk. I tried
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

North Carolina was fortunate
enough to secure in the Senate IN
creased appropriations for Rivers
and Harbors (see every item in the
bill as it passed the House and be-
sides got some items of apprOpria-
tons added. The Democratic news
papers that had so much to say about
river and hsrbor appropriation a few
years ago have 40 doubt overlooke d
this fact.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

Just word to Populists. Don't
worry over how we are to carry the
State. That is too broad and com
plicated. Don t worry over anything
Go to work, convert your neighbors
and be sure and carry your precinct
IL all will do that, the State is re-
deemed from the clutches of the gold
bugs, trusts and railroads. With
prompt and telling work it will be
pleasant and easy. Will you do it
We believe you will.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

If Kipling's "White Mans Bur-
dem poem had been n plea for bet
ter government at home and warn
ing against Imperialism and militar-
ism would the associated press and
monopoly newspapers have given
him so much free advertisingR
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
ps.sAs~s Ce.ssy sIiis.-. s-


DRAR BEErHRsS ASp Fan
You .se hereby no''h d ,hr,s.,,
County Alliance meeting -
vene IT L.X'ngson. on fs. a-->
urdsy 10 April neI; ~ ilAa
every sub Alliance send -
d. legation. Every ,dy .. sapf...
attend both m ale aud f.n>.-
mem bers O. the AlilAnc~ 90 o.. =
~om~. apd hsAr III. dis,snss.',
speaker. J p Sossons~. aA,.o-.
lecturer. Of Charlotte. y -.
be present IA address "a o. -,
casiou. TAX TO your Reggie.
&c, them To come van yoG. 10.
De an OCCASION Of great irt.r..-
Gxo. = H..
'or >"cr-i.-,
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
vinegar Prevent. D,.coI.r..,o, ~, ~.

vinegar Prevents Discolerstion Of Brais.s
Battle bruise with vinegar % soon
as the accident happens; If it can be
Kept la place. lay = cloth soaked in
vinegar over the injury, vetting it a
it dries, and there will be verv little
discoloration March Ladies' Home
Journal.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
If the Baby 10 Cut ting Teeth,

be sure and use that old and we'll tried
remedy, MRS. WINDOWS SOOTHING
SYRuP, for children teething. 1t soothes
the child, sOftens the gums, allays all
pain, cures wind collie. and 10 the. best
remedy for diarrhea. Twenty five
cents per bottle.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

Il had severe headaches and rneu.
matism and suffered Intensely. I
could not rest, had spells of cramp-
IN my stomach and ] had constant
pain all over. began taking Hood q
Sarsaparilla. / am now in better
health and weigh more than ever BE-
fore In my life.'-Ars.: Catharine E.
Moyle, Huntington, ". Va.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
as~rs i.sssfy rass 80,

CassArcts and. sail'aiitc "a" uIu. r.
deriul m.-iicai di.'-s rrN 81 10, 49, aHH
Ant ar refreshing q" tb'' iasie a 500
sns sslay.ly on kiin ~ lAsf aud % .n,,
cleansing The -ntarr -A.i. ~. disi-i 900,
cur~ headache. irvs-r. hBb....l ,utsili ALA
and biliou.ues. Pl-as~ bus aud trt . sl
OF &. q. &. TODAY. 80 =. lo cents ~'.ta -
9,iarant4ed Co cure 5 al drur xi-i.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

Sweet, refreshing sleep il given bv
Hoods Sarsaparills, which feeds the
nerves, tones the stomach and curea
all dyspeptie symptoms.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
ford's dispenaary. Sale Of liquor IN
Cherokee is prohibited.

ford's dispensary. Sale Of liquor in
Cherokee is prohibited.
NEckLgNBCg RI AND CHARLoTTE.
To incorporate Min, Hill. To
amend charter Of St. Peters Home
and Hospital To create board 20
control eonvicts and road work. To
allow Charlotte to issue 500. 900 IA
ter-works bonds. To incorporate
city and suburban electric railway
and power company To repeal act
of 1889 regarding Big Sugar Creek.
To provide for election of cotton
weigher for Charlotte. To am nd
charter of Biddle University. To
amend charter Anterior Mills. To
amend charter ID A. Tompkins Com
pany. To incorporate Zion Publish
ing House. To amend charter of
Charlotte. To provide for election
Of tax collector.
APPROPRIATIONS.
The appropriations made are as
follows:
Public schools, 100000; State
prison, $50 900: Blind and Dat Mute
School at Raleigh, $67 500; Deaf
Mute School at NJ ,rgsnton. go 900;
Central Hospital for the Insane,
SGT 900; Western Hospital, 800 900;
Eastern hospital. $i5 600; Ayricult-
ural and Mechanical College, st Raj
eigh, SO, 500: oyster claims, 81 9S3;
Soldiers Home. $4,000; State Nor
NAL and Industrial College, at
Greensboro. $50, 900; State Univer-
sity, $32 800; State Guard. $4,000;
Vance monument, $1,000
The expenses of the legislature are
estimated at $G5. 900.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

Each day we kill few more of
our subjects IN the Philippine Is
lands-we are also getting ready to
shout little liberty of the imperial
brand into our subjects IN Porto
Rico.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

Ib Nufr y NoI0 Ih UOr OnN.
Take Laxative Bromo Quinine Tab
let's. All druggists refund money il IL
fails To cure. 25c. The genuine has
J.. Ii. q. on each tablet.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

We want our readers to write US
short letters for publication on the
action OF the last Legislature.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

several prominent physi-
clans and took their treat
ment faithfully, but was
unable to get the slight
ct relief. In fact, my con-
dtion seemed to grow
worse, the disease sprsaA
over my entire body, AID
from November to March
I suffered agony. I tried
many patent medicines,
but none relieved me.
Upon the advice Of Q
friend deeidA6 e. 49,
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
Consumers as.ss Co..
RALEIGH1NSC,.
w. S. BARNES.
General ManaOer
General Manager.

Our brands are "LemonA wrapper
Gusno, 'Farmess' Choice- Gusno'
T." Guano and ~B. b. AcidiPbosoh,,
~w We sell to farmers direct AND
Ialmers prices. A home company..,,
NOT 10 . trust. Our prices. are low
goods not excelled. 4.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

That distress after eating il pre-
vented by one or two of Hrod's Pills.
They don't gripe.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
S.S.S!tfffS s Blood

nI care perfectly and Permanently.
~ guaranteed purely vegetable, and
1lnsfal. Books mseed d. h1 a.:
Apoei6Q o. 49,
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

afoan0 - mos any other reputable buxisess
Ia@ss . Ierary school in the L. s. can - sec,si
nv s>~-a little work At home for the Youi
Ao~>->-. An illustrated semi-moutAly jouIi
eoa>s interesting and pro6aable 20 yo<i
- ot read with interest and pcc6t By -
- al aga Stories and ether insererlf
49, anted Address Yoaths' Advocate -,
- AAvilia Team fMeptiou this pap.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
SUBSCRIPTION RATES,

Election Frauds, Intimidation and Muir
der.
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

Positions Secured -.
We aid ,bo-~ Who ~Int g"t-rrui.f.
positions: >s.en plac~- under 80
service rul~.: $3.50 y-ariy srpatt
n~nt-. War create. . demand i,lr a,
employees within q months
Bureaa.of Civil Service In iruriio,
LIS Fifth street y o.
wArHi>.ros. lst
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

Q. Q. q. Before allowing me 70 take II, how-
evsf, my guardian. who was . chemist. snA-
ly.ed the remedy. and pronounced It free Of
potash or netculy. felt % much better after
taking Two bottles, that continued the rem
ely. and In two months was cured completely.
Ife cure wae permanent. for have never since
had tounh OF rheumatism though many
tAso exposed 70 damp and cold weather.
ELEANOR II. TRIAL,
s711 Powelton Avenue. Philadelphia.
Don't suffer longer with rheumatism.
Throw aside your oils and liniments. a.
they can not reach your trouble. Don't
experiment with doctors-their potash
and mercury will add - your disabil-
~ and completely destr J your diges-
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16

Of
who give
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
DISPENSARIES.

At towns of Greensboro, Madison,
Clayton, Clinton, Bethel and Smith
field. For counties of Macon, War
rem and Columbus. To abolish dis
pensary of Bladen county. To per-
nit the people of Morganton to vote
on dispensary question. To pre-
scribe division of profits of Ruther-
The Caucasian. (Clinton, N.C.) 188?-1913, 1899-03-16
HE STATE LEGISLATURE.
WHAT the LAWMAKERS HAVE DONE
FOR the STATE.

The following are the most import
ant general laws of the Legislature
of 1899. There are also given the
railroad, banking and other char
tiers: