Arizona republican., 1899-05-16
THOSE LOST ISLANDS
When Portugal and Spain Divided
 inc Earth.

We who see Portugal in the period
 of her decay and almost total eclipse
 cannot understand how so small na-
 tion, occupying so insignificant DOT
 tion of Europe-''cn a veranda.' as
 one of her writers has said-should cut so important a figure in the worlds | history as she did in Jhs fifteenth and 1 sixteenth centuries.
 Early in the eleventh century Prince | Henry, the navigator of Portugal obtained from Pope " a bull which gavo to Portugal all discoveries bs- tween CaEe Hun, in Morocco, and in-
 dia. In 1472 St. Thomas, Annobon and Princes island were added. When the equator was passed and Fernando Pc
 gave his name to an island in the Eight of Biafra he seized 100 lagues of the African coast, and the king of
 Portugal took the title of Lord of
 Guinea"
 Very early in the days of discovery
 and conquest, toward the end of th.e
 fifteenth century, the most Catholic
 sover5igns of Spain, Ferdinand and
 Isabella, and his equally Catholic
 majesty John II Of Portugal, fell out
 about the ownership of the land yet to
 be discovered.
 Like faithful children Of the church.
 they referred the whole matter tC the
 pOntiff at Rome, Pope Alexander VI. T
 Spaniard, who cut the Gordian knot
 by giving them the earth and setting
 the limits of their respective posses
 siCns. An imaginary line was to Je
 drawn from pole to pole, 100 degrees
 west Cf the Azores or the Cape Verde
 islands; all west Of this line was =; belong to Spain, and all east of it to Portugal. King John was not satis- fed. and the treaty of Tordeselhas was made in 1494, giving to Portugal all lands east of an imaginary line drawn 360 leagues from the most western point of the Cape de Verde islands and all south of the. Cape of Good Hope. To Spain was allotted all lands west Of this line, ignoring completely all ether nations.
 Fernando de Magazines, CT, as we write it, Ferdinand Magellan, and Ruy Faleiro, beth Portuguese subjects, who had differences with their king on ac- count Of some petty pensions, offered their services to Spain. Both had served two years with Albuquerque ard knew all about the Portuguese possessions in the east.
 Magellan represented to Charles V, who then ruled ever Spain, that he was sure the word was round, theory then credited by few. He declared his ability to find a shorter passage to the east than any known to the Portuguese and would prove that the Moluccas, rich spice islands. were within Span ish territory. Charles V had small fleet fitted out and sent Magellan with his companion in charge, well equipped for those days. He went south against the express stipulations of the treaty and discovered tha straits which bear his name. His feet crossed the bread southern ocean, passed the LadrOnes and the then unknown Philippines, in- spected the Noluccas, and returned by way of Cape of Good Hope.
 Magellan lost his life, and out of the five vessels which comprised his fleet | lnly one returned, under the command | of Sebastian del Cano, who brought | written report of the expe- 1ition and a map of the route, showing | that all the spice islands and the whole | Indian ocean wsre within the 1SO de- | grees belonging to Spain under the | treaty of TOrdeselhas. In the map | Magellan had deliberately cut 40 de- | grees of longitude and brought the | whole archipelago within Spain's ha.f 1f the world He concealed the fact hat the number of miles in a degree f longitude decreases toward the pOlt.
 Portugal protested and declared war. which continued two years, when the celebrated congress of nOtabilities' was held in a small frontier town to iiscuss the matter and discover the cal facts Portugal was at manifest disadvantage Magellan was the fr;;s md only man who had sailed around he world, and his map of the southern teas was the only document eXtanc. Spain refused to give up her alleged lights, and Portugal hs.d cn to the stands. This matter was finally com- promised by an indemnity of 350,0O0 ruzadOs of the gold of Molucca, which paid 'aoi Spain for the sup )osed 171a degrees of Spanish sea which she held A new line was irawn from pole to pole, starting from he Ladrones This division gave to all west and south of the line, which was supposed to be 1S0 degrees rom the other line drawn, 36O leagues, vest of Cape de Verde. This treaty ,as approved by Pope Julian II in the ,ulI, Fla quoe pro pacis, and the mat ! e was settled.
 Years afterward a Spanish exp =di- ! ion discovered the Philippines, so { amed after Phillip IT, who was then 1 ing of Spain. These islands, though aany degrees within Portuga.s $ line, 9ere taken possession of by Spain.