davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
To Promote Fairs.

Chicago, Nov. .21.-The annual conven-
ton of American association of fairs
and exposition, began here today at
tended by delegates from all the states
and territories of the United States and
from Canada The object of the assO-
citation is to promote fairs and expOsi-
tiOns and the membership is composed
of boards and societies. President Rob
ert W. Furnas, delivered his annual
address. Reports were heard and mem
bers elected at the morning session.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
What One Hears in the Telephone.
[From the New Orleans Times-Demo-
craf

[From the New Orleans Times Demo-
crat]
It is very hard to realize that the
voice one hears over the telephonei not
the voice Of the person who is talking
said an electrician. chatting about the
oddities Of business to a reporter. It
seems exactly like the real tones, drawn
out thin and small and carried from a
long distance by some mechanical
means, but It is not. When one speaks
into the instrument a little diaphragm
like a drumhead, begins to vibrate, and
each vibration sends a wave of cleo
tricity over the wire. These waves set
up mimic vibration in another dia-
phragm at the opposite end, which jars
the air and produces an imitation of the
original voice. That's not a very scien-
tific eXplataiOn, but it's accurate. The
autOgraph-te telegraph, which makes
fac -simiIe of hand writing is & fair
parallel. You write your message with
a pen attached to a special apparatus
and a little ink siphon at the other end
of the line initiates every dot and curve.
The result seems like the real thing
but It is merely first class counterfeit
It's the same way exactly with the
voice in the phone.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21

Attorney General GODDARD has return
ed from Washington where he and B.
H. Tracy, assistant, argued and present
ed to the supreme court of the United
States the stock yards case which in
passed by the legislature of 1897. reduc-
ing the charges for feed and yardage in
Kansas City. The case was presented
to d full bench in the supreme court,
except Justice White. who was at the
time sick and unable to be present. 1t
is believed that a decision in the case
viii not be announced earlier than
March, perhaps not until later in the
spring.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
Nc Aristocratio Refnamant

OF the furnishings of the Santa Fe's
California Limited will commend itself
and conveniences Of a perfectly ap-
pointed fast train. The limited will be
composed exclusively of Pullman sleep
ers. Understanding car, Observation
car and Dining car. Tt will leave To-
Deka at 11:12 a. m. every Wednesday,
Thursday, Friday and Sunday begin
ming November s. For tickets and
reservations apply to T. L King,
Agent, Depot
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
Gas and Electric Comhina.

Springfield, Ill. Nov. 21-The plants
of the Decatur Gas and Electric COM
pany comprising the consolidated
plants of the Decatur Gas Light and
Coke company, the Decatur Electric
company and the Culver Electric COM
pany, have been sold to a syndicate of
capitalists from Atlanta. Maine. 1t is
understood that the purchase price was
aDDrOximatelv $500 600
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
GILBERT INSANE.
Clay County Murderer Becomes a
Maniac at Lansing.

= It is reported from Lansing that John
Gilbert, the Clay county murderer who
was confined in the Shawnee county Jail
for some time to keep him away from
mob vengeance in Clay county, has gone
insane.
Gilbert 10 the man who killed his wife
and four children near Industry, in Clay
county, last spring. He fed across the
country. but was captured a few days af-
ter committing the deed. and was brought
to Topeka for Safe-keeping until the Clay
county district court was ready for him.
He pleaded guilty and was taken at once
to the penitentiary- He was weak minded
and little better than an idiot when he
was sent to the penitentiary.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
Arctic ExDlorer Dead.

San Antonio. Texas. Nov. 21-Otto
Blumer. one of the seven survivors of
the Greeley expedition to the Arctic
regions rescued by a. relief party under
command of Commodore w S. Schley,
in June, 1888, died at his home in this
ial instructions from the military auth
critics, was buried Monday afternoon
with full military hOnOrs. He was a re-
tired soldier, having been honOrably
discharged from the Fifth cavalry in
1897.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
In the Hands of a Receiver

Muncie, Ind, Nov. 21.-In the circuit
court today Ben. c. Bowman was ap-
pointed receiver for the Ontario Silver
ware company It is said the appHca-
tion for a receiver was to assist in set
tling the estate of the late DR.. Clark of
Buffalo, who was large stockhOlder
in the company.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21

It will not be a surprise to any who are
at all familiar with the good qualities
of Cham berlain's Cough Remedy to know
relating their experience in the use of
that splendid medicine and in telling of
the benefit they have received from it, Of
bad colds it has cured, of threatened at
tacks of pneumonia it has averted and
of the children 1t has saved from attacks
of Group and whooping cough 1t is
grand. good medicine. For sale by all
druggists.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21

market. This seems to have started it.
Some of the experts say that this dealer
drew out of the market long before prices
reached their height, and that he did so
because eneralds were selling in BogOta
for more than they would bring in Eu-
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
WANTED-MA1E HELP.

WANTED-Nen to learn barber trade; $50
monthly positively guaranteed after
eight weeks practice. We employ our
own graduates and want all we can get.
Special advantage to those from distance.
No expense to learn if you Will work for
US. Write for particulars. MOler Barber
college, St Louis, Mo.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21

ITS no wonder the German girls US
ually accept the first offer they get"
What do you mean by that?"
feWhy they can accept a SuitOr with
one word. but if they refuse him they'll
have to use neinT'-Cleveland Plain
Dealer.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
WANTED-AGENTs.

AGENTS-Outfit free-Freight paid, cred
it given, for selling the finest set of in
structive. entertaining. Christmas books
graded for children of all ages, at the
lowest prices ever known; so cent book
containing beautiful illustrated poem of
Lords Prayer, only Is cents: 800 book
25 cents; $1.50 book so cents; 81 so book IS
cents; liberal commission to agents Fer
guson Printing Co, room S07 Ferguson
Building, Cincinnati, Ohio.
AGENTS WANTED-We want good
agents to sell our household decorations,
wall splashers, commode scarfs, dresser
ScarfS, center pieces, child'S plate pieces,
bibs and dOilies; hand painted on white
oil cloth; artistic work and viii not wash
off. CAN or address LankfOrd Decorating
Co, 1l33 Kansas avenue.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21

Geo Noland. Rockland. O.. says: My
wife had piles forty years. DEWITT 5
Witch Hazel Salve cured her. It is the
best salve in America" It heals every
thing and cures all skin diseases. At all
drug stores
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
LEGAL


ESTATE OF ALFRED WOOD. SUPPOS-
ed to be dead In the Orphans Court Of
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, No
tice is hereby given that Charles Penny
packer has made application to the Or
phans' court of Montgomery county. Penn
SylVania. for letters of administration on
the estate of Alfred Wood. late of Norris
town, Pennsylvania (son of Zlpha Wood,
deceaSed), who is supposed to Ice dead :
and said court has granted a rule. requir-
ing the supposed decedent, if alive, or any
other person for him, to produce to the
court on or before the End day of January,
A. D. 1900, satisfactory evidence OF his
continuance in life. Otherwise the pray
er of said petition viii be granted.
WILLIAM p YOUNG.
Clerk of Courts, NOrristown. Penna.
LARZELERE & GIBSON, Atty's.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
Little But Sure.

Are Beggs' Little Giants friend in
need. pleasant to take. do not grip or
grippe. An after-dinner Pill. r. ". SqUires,
7S2 Kansas avenue.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
FOR sALE-REAL ESTATE.

FOR SALE
Brick block pays tax and u per cent on
inves tment. Price $500; can make year
lease
room house. 1 lot, well, cistern. Han
cock st, near shops, $500; 500 cash, bal
ance payments.
4 room house, well, cistern. 1 lot, Han
cock St. near shops, $3.50; 800 cash, bal
ance monthly.
SCOTT & CO., s15 Kansas Ave.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21

Cure the cough and save the life.
DR.. Woods Norway Pine Syrup cures
coughs and colds. down to the very
verge of consumption
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
USE FOR ROTH

Stubb-'fWhich do you think is of the
most mportance-brain or bone and
sineW2''
Penn-''Wen. it depends on who you
are. If you are an inventor brain. If
you are a butcher. bone and sinew."
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
Homeseekers Excursion Via Santa Fe
Route.

tickets to points in Arkansas, Arizona,
Louisiana, New Mexico and Texas at
rate of one fare plus $500 for the round
trip. Tickets good q days. See nearest
Santa Fe agent for particulars.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
Arion.

Grand concert and ball Tuesday
evening. November 21st. All members
are cordially invited.
TRUSTEES.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21

This Week Our 25 cent Books at 15c
125 titles Of standard authors. as Rus
kin, Doyle, Carlyle. etc. Nice cloth
binding. Bennett Book Store, 73O kan
sas avenue.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21

Are you in pain, my little MANI"
asked the kind old gentleman.
No" answered the boy; the pains
in me."-Sydney Town and Country
Journal.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
FLORISTS.

MRS. J. R. HAGUE. Florist. successor TO
R J. Groves. S17 Kansas ave Phone 602
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21

Our line of rubber goods is our pride.
We guarantee every article. including
hot water bottles. Likewise Beggs' Cherry
Cough Syrup. r. W. Squires. 732 Kansas
avenue.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
WANTEp-sALEsMEN.

~~~~~~~-@-~~~-@-~~-~~-~~~~-
SALESMAN to sell our full line of choice
nursery. stock. A printed guarantee that
stock shall be true to name given to each
customer. Write for terms. Mt. Hope
Nurseries, Lawrence, Kansas.
NJ. MANSON. 414 Kan. Ave, buys gentle
mems clothing, shoes, hats. etc Pays
81 to Sc a suit. DroO ne a card
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21

Amonio Benzilene. labor saving soap.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
paYsrC1AN AND sURaEoNa

@-0~~~--~0-~~-~~-----~-
L. A. RYDER. NJ. u.
OFFICE and residence corner Gordon 81
and Central ave, North Topeka. Phone
IA. Uses the Brinkcrhoff system OF rectal
treatment, a successful and painless
treatment for piles. dstula. hshure. ul-
ceratiOn, etc
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
HAIR GOODS.
BICYCLES.

u 3. CYCLE CO.. l1s T. Sth St. National
and Union bicycles Sundrles repaira.
The Topeka state journal., 1899-11-21
SPECIALISTS.

DIR. c. H. GUIBOR, Diseases Of the %oze.
Throat and Lungs. 705 Kansas ave
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1899-08-10

NJ NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN THAT W.
~ L. Dean, through HIS Attorney in fact,
d. J. Bousfeld, whose p. o. address Is Dean,
Lander county. Nevada, has this day aled
his application for patent 20 the
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1899-08-10
DON'T sT0r TORAcCO.
How 90 Cure Yourself while Esing u

The tobacco system habit grows on
man until his nervous system is
seriously affected, impairing health,
comfort and happiness. To quit sud
denly is to severe shack to the sys
TEN, as tobacco, to an inveterate user
becomes stimulant that his system
Continually Graves. Baco-Curo is n
scientific cure for the tobacco habit.
in all is forms, carefully compounded
after the formula OF dn eminent Berlin
Physician who has used il in his pri-
vate practice since 1872, with without
failure, purely vegetable and guar
anteed perfectly harmless. Yru can
use all the tobacco you want, while
taking Baco-Curo. 1t will notify you
y hen to stop. We give a written
guarantee to permanently cure any
case with three boxes or refund the
money with 10 per cent int tsrets
Bsco-Cuto is not a substitute, but n
scientific cure, that cures without the
All Of will power aud with nc incon-
venience. IL leaves the system as
pure and free from nicotine AS the day
you took your first chew or smoke.
S Id by all drugs lists. with our irou-
clad guarantee. 81 90 per box. three
boxes, (thlriy days treatment S2 30
or sent direct upon receiIt al price
SEND SIX TWO-CENT STAMPS
FOR SANPiE BoX BOOKLET
ASp PROOFS FREE Eureka
Chemical a Maunfae uiiug Company
Manufacturing Chemists, La CIosse
Wisconsin
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1899-08-10
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

{. BLOSSOM, PropyIef0r.
T.. e. Woolcock, Editor
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1899-08-10

Having superior advantage of be
ing an actual resident of Nevada for
thirty-three years, I am prepared to
handle all classes of Real and Per-
sonal property, gold, silver, copper,
.ead, and iron mines, farming and
grazing lands, water rights and deal
er in cattle, horses, mules, sheep
and hogs.
Parties wishing to buy or sell any
kind of property, will do well to
make their wants known to the un-
dersigned. ]. A. Blossom,
Battle Mountain, New.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1899-08-10
KEYsTeNE QUARTx

claim, consisting of 1900 linear feet Of the
Keystone lode bearing silver with surface
ground 600 feet In width, in Lewis Mining
District county OF Lander, State of Nevada,
and described as follows:
U s Mineral Survey No. 1882, Township 30
ID NJ d NJ
Beginning at Post l, U 1872, which il
Identical with original location corner No. ],
whence the W cor of Township % N r 46 E.,
N ID NJ, bears 81 deg 45 min 3s15 feet dis
tant, Post Of May Day Consolidated Mine
~ So ND bears SO deg 0s min sl7 #. dis
.an,, tan iScaton lon point % where notice is posted
Thence N q deg 20 min COO IT, to Post 2,
whence cor No. of original location bears
y deg 20 min f 81 It. distant
Thence N 81 deg 40 min w 1900 #. to Post s.
Thence 2s deg 20 min W 600 It. to Post 4,
whence cor No. of original location bears
81 deg 40 min w l2 #. distant
Thence 81 deg 10 min 1900 It TO Post II
the place oil beginning. Area 20 661- 1000 acres,
Magnetic Variation II deg 30 min f.
The posts Of claim are AKA inches square
pine posts, properly scribed, are 4 y II. long,
set u to lS inches IN the ground, and each
surrounded by mound OF earth and stones
about 2 fl. high.
Adjoining mine the Postal" /" next nearest
mine May Day Consolidated" above mem
| toned, owned by w. L. Dean, aforesaid.
| Record of the location OF this mine In
made in the oiiice of the Recorder OF Lander
county, at Austin. in the county aud state
| Aforesaid.
| Any and all persons clai ming al yersely auy
portion OF said Keystone Quartz claim, mine
or surface ground are required to file their ad-
verse claims with the Register of the United
states Land Ofiice at Carson City, In the
County of Ornsby, State of Nevada, during
| the sixty days period of publication hereof,
or they will be barred by virtue OF the
provisions OF the Statute.
o. H. GALLUP. Register.
II is hereby ordered that the foregoing Mo-
tice OF Application for Patent be published
for the period of ten consecutive weeks In
the CENTRAL NEyADAN, a weekly newspaper
published at Hattie Mountain, Nevada.
o. Il. GALLUP, Register.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1899-08-10
soTICE TO wnOm Ut MAY CONCERN

We, having purchased the Nc
Beth band CT horses, branded thus
80 ! ! do hereby authorize all parties
! having in their possession or
claiming any of said horses to bring
them to the undersigned and prove
title to the same and also have
them vented.
Blossom & Blossom,
Battle Mountain New
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1899-08-10
Judlcioas Advertising.

CREATES many a new business
ENLARGES many an old business;
PREsERNES many a large business;
REYIVES many dull business;
REsCuEs many lost business;
SAVES many falling business;
SECU RES success In any bnsinesh
To advertise judiciously," use
the columns OF the zNEvADAN. 1t
circulates extensively throughout
Lander and adjoining counties, be-
eides ali over the Coast.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1899-08-10
EXTERIOR BOUNDARIES OF THE MAY
DAY CONsOLsDATED MINING CLAIM
---I : Mineral survey IsI7.

Begin at Posi- !, and run thence 25 deg 80
min GO #. t1 Post and 2; thence \ 25 deg
80 min W 563 IT. to Post 6: thence 10 deg OF
min w ll5l It. TO Post Il thence % deg &c
min L 40o 1T. to Post and 4; thence S 20 deg
80 min + 629 #. to Post 4: thence n IS deg 10
min 1900 feet TO Post l, the place of beginning
Total srea, 30 20 acres.
Tie adjoining claim Is Morning Star Mine
belonging to W. +. Dean.
Any and all persons claiming adversely any
rortion of said May Day Consolidated AtninR
Claim Mine or surface ground, are required to
file their adverse claims with the Il Kagister Of
the United states Land Office at Carson City, in
the County OF Ormsny. state OF Nevada, during
tt sixty days period Of publication hereof. or
they will be barred by virtue Of the pro-
o. II. GALLUP, Register.
1t is hereby ordered, that the foregoing No
tiee of Application for Patent be published for
tie period Of ten consecutive weeks, IN the
tERTIsaL NEyApAs, "a weekly newspaper pub
iahcd at Rattle Mountain, Nevads
o. II. GALLUP, Register.
Noy, 5th
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1899-08-10
TIES Of ADVERTISING.

yn' Square ten lines) First Insertion. -. ..sb 90
Zach Subsequent Insertion n............... l 90
dere for Subscription, Advertising and Job
Work will receive prompt attention.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-12-14

THE MESSAGE ON HAWAII.

embarrassment in
peculiar which the
joint resolution or annexation
Republic
United
or not fulflment
with
relate
which broader national
waan Republic dvested of
homestead Sites but
have full title
the conditions prescribed
Questions difficulty have
with the collection
their
necessity
provisions of the Hawaiian
Islands
resolution annexation
commissioners legisa
the Islands they should
they prepared bill provide
Of
with the bill which they prepared transmitted
he
judgment
manfody important therefore
speedily possible erecting these
a
shall be fully defined and provided for.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-12-14
PRICE FIVE Cents.

business was transacted. The new
members who took the oath were:
Senators Aldrich (R) of Rhode ISL
and, Beveridge of Indiana. Burrows OF
Michigan. Clark OF Montana, Clark of
Wyoming. Cockrell of Missouri, Gull
berson OF Texas. Daniel Of Virginia,
Davis OF Minnesota, Depew OF New
York, Foster OF Washington, Hale OF
Maine, Hanna of Ohio. Hawley OF Con-
necticut, .Kean OF New Jersey. Lodge
of Massachusetts. McComas OF Mary
land, McCumber OF North Dakota, Mo
ney of Mississippi. Proctor OF Vermont.
Quarles OF Wisconsin. Scott OF West
Virginia, Stewart OF Nevada and Talic-
ferro of Florida.
A roll call showed seventy-eight
members.
On motion of Mr.. Cockrell of Mis-
souri,, the credentials OF Mr.. Quay
were referred to- the Committees ON
Privileges and Elections. In this con-
nection Chandler OF New Hampshire In
troduced a resolution that "Mr Qauy
be admitted as a Senator from Penn
sylvania." Remonstrances and me
MORALS against the seating OF Quay
were presented by Burrows OF Michi-
gan and Jones tD.) OF Arkansas.
Senator Sewall OF New Jersey pre-
sented resolutions upon death OF the
Vice-President. The resolutions were
ordered to be communicated 90 tho
House of Representatives and the ses-
sion. on motion OF Keane of New Jer-
sey. was suspended.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-12-14

raised to Roberts of Utah by Tayler of
Ohio, and on the assurance of the
Speaker that none of his rights would
be waived Roberts stepped aside. He
afterwards took a seat.
DalZell (R.) of Pennsylvania then
offered a resolution for the adoption OF
the rules of the last Congress. The de-
bate was very brief, the Democrats
knowing it would be futile to object.
The rules were adopted by a strict par
ty vOte-177 to 15S. The seat-drawing
then took place. Grow (R.) of Penn
Sylvanla, as an eX-Speaker of the
House, and Harmon of Pennsylvania,
the oldest member, were granted the
privilege of selecting their seats before
the drawing A blindfolded page drew
the little balls containing the numbers
from a box. Mr.. Richardson got his
old seat. Hepburn of Iowa was the
first prominent Republican who was
forced through the late calling OF his
name to go to the Cherokee Strip on
the Democratic side for seat. He wa
received with applause by the Demo-
Gratis.
Lively competition occurred in the
House for the honor of introducing the
first measures, but by general consent
everything gave way to the caucus
financial bill
The first joint resolution was by
Capron of Connecticut for a constitu-
tiOnal amendment against admitting
polygamists to Congress.
As mark of respect 10 the memory
of the late Vice-President, the House
at $50 p. m. adjourned until tomor-
row.
Appropriate tribute to the memory
of the late Vice-President Hobart was
paid by the Senate today. The session
LASTED only thirty-three minutes and
only the most formal and necessary
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-12-14
THE MESSAGE.
The Presidential Review an Able and
Exhaustive One.

The Presidential Review an Able and
Exhaustive One.
WASHINGTON. Dec. 5.--The Presi-
dents message was read today. Fol-
lowing are the principal points OF a
document which is able and exhaust
i've:
Eulogy of the late Vice President.
A Treasury deficit of $50. III ,559.67.
Gold standard advocated.
Legislation urged for the building up
of the American merchant marine.
Trusts denounced and remedial leg
islation invited.
Optimistic review Of our relations
with foreign States.
Asks for the Nicaragua canal.
Renews the suggestion OF commits
sion to study China and its trade.
Pleasant relations with Germany.
Progress towards adjusting the
boundary troubles with China.
Neutrality maintained in the Trans
vaal war.
Urges that laws be passed putting
the trial of all cases of harm 10 aliens
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-12-14

flexible, and said quietly, Il would re-
quest the gentleman from Utah to step
aside until the rest of the members are
sworn in
Roberts retired up the aisle compos-
edly, complacently.
Again Mr.. Tayler claimed the Speak
er's attention. He offered several an
ti-Roberts resolutions, finally asking
that the question Of the right Of Rob-
erts to be sworn in as a. representa-
tive from the State of Utah be referred
to special committee of nine members
of the House, to be appointed by the
Speaker
Mr.. Richardson, the Democratic
leader, arose and said he understood
the consideration of the Roberts reso-
luton was to have been postponed un-
til tomorrow, and was to be debated
after the reading Of the Presidents S
message. This suggestion was agreed
to, as the desire is to avoid any sug-
gestion of persecution.
Although Roberts was not sworn in
today he secured a seat.
All during the call of names on the
at-drawing lottery Mr.. Roberts had
been standing in the rear of the rail-
ing eagerly listening for his name, but
when the balls were exhausted his
name had not been called. AS he had
not taken oath, no ball had been
placed in the box for him, but by an
accident he secured seat. The names
Of two Republican members had not
been called when the balls were ex-
hausted The Speaker explained that
the balls were exhausted, and asked if
any members had not been provided
with seats. Two Republicans and Mr..
Roberts came forward.
IF there is no objection" said the
Speaker, 'sthose gentlemen whose