The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-12-17
william I'LL, has been derived 70, , ,o,,,,c,, ,,

son. The appointments To the bench, indeed,
long continued TO be political. though within .
circle traced by professional eminence But Of
late even tho appointments have become more
professional Since the independence Of tho
English judiciary was secured. the purity Of tho
ermino has been preserved" Here the author
points out that "to this great principle America
has been less faithful than England. for, II the
Judge holds the Office not during good conduc,
but at pleasure, as he does when he has TO look
for reelection II signifies little whether tho
pleasure IL that 81 n king or that Of a political
party signing itself the people
Whatever principles might be laid down ,here
no safety for liberty II the Crown could main.
tain a standing army without the leave or con-
troll OF Parliament Against this tho Decia,s.
ton Of Right and the Bill Of Rights provided
by dcnunciation OF the abuse. and, more enec-
tually, by prohibiting the raising OF the money
necessary for the maintenance Of the army With
out parliamentary grant Hitherto there had
been no military laws to enforce discipline and
prevent descrtion. other than the ordnance
which the Crown assumed the power Of putting
forth for the regulation Of the forces when called
into the field. An abuse OF this power by Charles
j. had been the subject Of a remedial article in
the Petition Of Right But the question hav-
ing been raised by the mu,iny Of one Of the regi-
mcnts against tho new government Parliament
took the matter into its own jurisdiction and
passed q Mutiny Act The Mutiny Act ult.
matcly being made annual. Parliament has the
power from year TO year Of terminating the COM
irol Of the Crown over the soldier and practically
breaking w the army. No ono will coniound
the martial law which is supefscssion Of ordinary
law by court. martial in tirle Of great public dan.
ser applying 10 the whole community alike and
Siege. Martial Law in the second sense is still
nnt s ny ne Constitution ond unregu-
la' "a, hs hhCfc OFT las shown. From the passing
OF the Muuny Act may he said 60 date the exis-
trncc OF standing army asa British institution
The fears of which the army then was, and long
continued TO be- the real or pretended object proved
unfounicd. An army. recruited from an obedieni
iongfns 10 anu ,b"tn,hv w gen,emen DO
never mcnaced British liberties Public order.
when ne police fails is best restored by tho regu.
and oirdien, to discipline Arcs when the word Of
command Is given. and not before, The people
guellcd without bloDdshed by Ills appearance on
p,,.,i scene Ihese two measures; the Pin Of
English monarchy constitutional They pu, an
KIM to and md IH e, SS Sessa
because his position as head Of a European con-
iederncy. togeihcr with his sole mastery Of foreign
affairs, made him necessarily. supreme in tina,
department. partly because The House Of Com
nooS could not nt once organize itself for tho
S he ., its pGTrr' and tho yTnl s9ntI9 Of
i I,,s.r 'q .Ssn ASS in s. Of nnsns.
exercise Of an autnHrty recognized by
NJ Constiiurion Tie Ministers Of state were
some time TO come was 10 he largely lei, in the
appointments but his choice was gradually linz
I,y in the Commons until, a, last, i, has become
little more than a formal recognition"
There Is still snothcr end highly impor,nn,
b. said 10 have taken definite shapc for the first
Tina ms in the r.iFp Of william III which wiz b
more than one point Of view, ON pages lOG.'O9
Of the second volume. Here We have the lis.
Ing tho Greek Roman and Italian republics.
had rag in England under Chtr,sI,nd Charles
H. ccn but Of peI,y soy;,rnmsnt Nhch has nov ben
britain and her colonies, but Of other Par
iiameni,nIy countries. and whether legally
i, prevails, rraciicSly the driving wheel
Of the constitution. Though from the beginning,
kind of faction the system hsd IN ,s an origin isn's =.
least an inrllii.ible foundation. letwccn tho
party Of n. Stgnr'f and the party which had driven
mcnt by pr rosativc and the party Of parliament
tary government there was a fundamental divi-
SION such - nigh, warrant good citizen In
submitting his convictions on minor points. and
everything but his moral conscience TO the dtsci-
was secured. burkc's dcnni'ion Of party az "a
eSjy Of m,n nri,,d for Promoting by their ioin,
.cular rrincirlc In which they are all agreed
though panceyrical mirht then hnv" had place
D'GI'n nGn tT"m III. StTrts .nd Their tyranny
the nbsc ncc Of fundnm, ntal div siUn party Is
nothing snt faction, as IN tn seqnrl plainly np-
h'Tcncc 10 a name which sometimes remains
I'M ss s%%f why" PInGiTs thensr or spTuPon
Is convinced that all arml Is 10 trd for the party
system nrrmnn"ni and universal basis In human
1, varies through countless shades and the same
man who IN conservative on some questions,
as IS OF r,tR 0 dH0 On ov ShF As o
hIflt "i r"h'tion i nnwl. r. so strong In tho
young men OF a privileged class i'urLe's syst, m
men! should be united among them-rlvss and
divided from their or onents on some organic
me country, on what would lurk,s party b. bn.sdf
but cy'n suppose that such a question Is
before III. country; ought thu nation TO lo.c. tho
ter because he dos not dgr"e with the Homo Sec
rotary or the Lord Chancellor about the suffrage
"A party government is The government Of only
hsh The nation II can anp,a to the loyalty Il
almost be seid, of the Other half is 10 crpose ira
du'., thwnrt and cmlarrass the Government
m 1"T"iSn l LGrE tsiS is r"r TI"tly fSia
intrigue and calumny. with th'ir Effects IN ma
lionnl character and the digrity Of government
or" the necessary nccomranim"nts Of the system.
2 calm view Of public good and the party which
makes rechl 'ss roms,r 81 chsngr" our authors
belief Is that IN the absence OF organic questions
IN. only valid Plea for the pcrmtnetion 81 tho
party system Is the necessity Of orCnn7inR
lore 20 lrfn" the issues nominate tho candidates
and Concentrate thu votes at elections, well as
10 prevent the Legislature from bee oming chaos
The machine Of elective government must have
, motor, and the motor hitherto In England has
bee party. in The absence Of which there has bcea
!, reign Of cabal."
IN.
II IL well known that Mr.. Goodwin Smith has
sivcn large part of his life to the attempt to
heal the schism Of the Fngish-spcaking raco
ipon this continent One naturally turns TO tho
'age IN which he records the severance Of the Thir
cen American Colonies in 1884 The loss was q
rain IN disguise, so far as military strength COM
nercia profit or real greatness was concerned
The colonsts had refused to contribute TO imperial
or submit to imperial legislation
Trade with them instead Of being diminished
" their emancipation from tho colonial system
realty and rapidly increased. To suppose that
treat Britain could have held even a nominal
uzerainty over them 10 this hour would be abb
urd. The parting was sure TO conc VIA,
vas dcplorable was the manner Of tho parting,