Arizona republican., 1899-03-12
SaIVa, a Spaniard, First Sug-
 SeStfd Their Use.
NOW LAID IN EVERY OCEAN
Four Attempts Made 10 Lay Line Across inc Atlantic Before Sue cess Was Affained-prscsiCdb ifY of Pacific Gable With Land ing Points on Uncle Sans New Possessions.

Washington, March 11.-(SpeciaI)- J. The development Of the submarine telegraph from a mere gutta percha coated wire laid in New York harbor by Professor Morse in 1842 to the great cables which now engirdIe the entire earth except the bed of the Pacific is described in a statement just issued by the treasury bureau of statistics en- titled Chronology of Submaeine Tel egraph Construction throughout the world, and the Development of Sub marine Telegr8phy..'
 This publication, which has been prepared by the bureau of statistics in view of the special interest just now developed in a submarine telegraph line to connect the United States with Hawaii, Guam, the Philippines and the Asiatic coast shows not only the To- cation, number and length cf the sub marine telegraphs of the world, but also the history Of this great system and the part which American genius and enterprise have had in it's devel- opment.
 The statement credits Saliva, a Span :ard, with the first recorded suggestion of submarine teIegraphy, made before the Barcelona academy of sciences iE 1795. Aldini, nephew of, Calvin, performed experiments in the trans mission of electric signals under the sea near Calais, France, in 1903; Schfl- ling ignited gun powder by electricity transmitted through subaqueous con ducting wire under the Neva river near St. Petersburg in 1872; tele- graphic signals were transmitted through insulated wires under the River Hugli, in India, by the director of the East India company's te-egrauh system in 1899, and in 1S42 Prof. Morse transmitted electric currents and sig nals through an insulated cooper wire laid for that purpose between Castle Garden and Governors island in New York harbor, and in the following year suggested submarine electric commit nication between the United States and Europe. In 1845 Ezra Cornell, in con- junction with Prof Morse, laid and successfully operated submarine cop per wires in the Hudson river between New York and Fort Lee, and in 1847 a sccticn of the telegraph line c0c- meeting New York and Washington was laid through tho waters of a mar row neck by J. J. Craven of Now Jer- sey, thus demonstrating the practical bility Of actual submarine telegraphic service. In 1850 a submarine tele- graph line was laid across the English channel and signals exchanged. but without further success, though in the following year q cable containing four copper wires insulated with gutta percha and protected by galvanized iron wires wound spiralIy about it was laid acrcss the English channel and put into successful operation as a sub marine telegraph line
 These experiments having proved the practicability of submarine teleg- Eaphy, the great enterprise of a teIe- graph line under the Atlantic ocean was undertaken and the subsequent developments are described in the statement as follows
 1857. First attempt to lay subma- rine telegraphic cable across the At lantic ocean, the enterprise being head ed by Cyrus W. Field of New York and Charles Bright, J. ". Brett and Cthe1s of England. The cable was to extend from Valentia, Ireland, to Newfound- land, the length of cable necessary be ing estimated 2t 2,500 miles The con- struction of this cable was similar to that across the English channel After 255 miles had been laid from Vaientia westward the cable broke and the work was abandoned.
 1858. Renewal by MT. Field and his associates of the attempt to lay a sub marine telegraphic cable across the 1 Atlantic. The United States naval vessel Niagara ard the British vessel l AGamemncn, carrying each one-half l of the cable, preceded to mid-ocean ! and after joining the ends of their re- spective sections, on July %, proceed | ed westward and eastward. paying ou. . the cable and reaching their respective destinations, Newfoundland and Val cntia, on the same day. August }. 1858, when electrical connecti-n between the continents was at once established over 2,050 nautical miles of cable which they had thus laid. Congratula- tory messages were exchanged between the president of the United States and the queen of England, and there were public rejoicings in both countries ever what was pronounced the great event of the century. After less than one month of operation, however, the cable