davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Farmington times. [volume] (Farmington, Mo.) 1874-1902, 1899-04-20

The war department IL working on
a new method OF protecting gun en-
placements as a substitute TOT masun.
~ and concrete. An experimental en-,
placement ~ being erected at Fort
Washington with q protective shield
Of WORKOUT railroad rails This work
IL within range 81 some OF the tcn-inch
guns which constitute n part Of the
Potomac river dcfcnses at this point.
4 test will soon be- made on the ell
cheney Of this type Of protection
against heavy projectilcs.--sclentiii
american.
The Farmington times. [volume] (Farmington, Mo.) 1874-1902, 1899-04-20
"He Who Ta,rsues 7uuo
Hanes Catches Neither. -

Said a aEn knozUn young
man aboat toavn ~ tried
for years I'd burn the candle
at both ends, in the pursuit
of pleasure SuhiIe trying TO
attend TO BUSINESS. Ny blood,
stomach and Kidneys got into
q SUretched state and It
seemed that I could not carry
the burden any Longer.
But now my rheumatism has gone,
my courage has returned, and all On
account ~ that marvel, llUnd'b Sarsa-
parilia, which has made me picture OF
health. Now I'm in for business pure
and simple.
HIp Disease 80 had running sores for
eight Year, on my hips. ! was ronnued 70
my bcd at times and a. others used
cruichcs Hoods Sawapariln cured my
hip and gave NO prrWaU no hHg,th " piI4H
J. ARCHER, 40 Dudley Street, Dayton, Ohio.
indigestion a." now hav" a good APP
petite. cat well slccp we'll and NY dyspepsia
and iudighstiou have lcft the The rrasOn
iH took Hood p knrsaralillg which entirely
cnrud me ] am baggage master on thc
D. n o Railroad THOMAS COLKa, ile
Carr Fl, SAndusEy Ohio,
The Farmington times. [volume] (Farmington, Mo.) 1874-1902, 1899-04-20
NNE reascn Mrs pinkhans treatment helps women no
n promptly Ia that they have condolences Ia her.
Through OF the many thousands Of Mrs Pink
COIvF7DE MCE 4
HEx.P S T0
CURE

doctors In I,
years and ha
began the use
My trouble v
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
New Lodge at Thorp.

On Wednesday afternoon a four
horse load of the members of the
Rebekah lodge of Odd Fellows of
this city went up to Thorp TO assist
in lnstituting lodge of like char
acter at that place. At 6 o'clock
p. m. another four-horse load of the
same order struck the trail 10 assist
in the work and attend the banquet.
Among tnese there were several
"Isaac's" as well as "Rebekah S."
10 say that they did justice to the
good things prepared by their sisters
in Thorp is putting it mildly. The
new lodge was christened" Wisteria"
and storts out with large men,
bership.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
Roslyn News.

Father Sweens, of Ellensburg,
was Roslyn visitor Monday.
thomas B. Wright has been
made superintendent OF the Warn
er e. McNett syndicate.
E. EVANS, former county
clerk, but now of West Kittitas,
was a Roslyn visitor this week.
w, G.. Carruthers, who is with
Schlotfeldt Bros, was home with
his parents at Ellensburg Sunday.
R, L. Spiker, chief clerk for
Williams & Smithson OF Ellensburg
spent Sunday here with relatives
and friends. i.
DIR. L. D. Rickett, capitalist OF
N. Y, r. H. Norton and II. +: fogih
and son, came in from the Dutch
Miller mines Wednesday where
thew have been week or more
looking over the property.-Mlner.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
TO KILL WOOLLY APHIS.
Something Horticulturists May
Read with Pleasure.

An ex-member Of the state board
of horticulture recommends the
following as a sure death to the
woolly aphis and her insects. and
suggests the following solution:
Unslacked lime, forty to sixty
pounds; sulphur (hour OF sulphur
twenty pounds salt, fifteen pounds:
concentrated I've, two pounds;water
to make sixty gallons.
When sixty instead of forty
pounds of lime are used, the solu.
ton has a whittier appearance and
the operator can botter detect when
the limb has been properly trea ted
with the wash.
Place ten pounds of lime and
twenty pounds of sulphur and the
I've in boiler with twenty gallons
of water, stir and boil over a brisk
fire for not less than one hour and
a half, or until the sulphur is thor
oughly dissolved. When this takes
place the fluid will be an amber
color. Next place in a cask from
thirty to fifty pounds of unslacked
lime,pouring over enough hot water
to thoroughly slack it (being care
full to keep it moist and not to spoil
it by burning,) and while it is
boiling add the fifteen pounds of
salt. When this is dissolved add
to the lime and sulphur in the
boiler and boil for half an hour
longer, when the necessary amount
of water to make sixty gallons
should be added. 1t should then
be strained through gunny cloth or
burlap. When using, it should be
frequently and we'll stirred. Apply
while hot, Used in dormant season
for San Jose scale and for woolly
aphis, also for oyster shell scale.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
Soda Lemonade

l have recipe for a soda lemon.
AIDE that we all enjoy very much
it is especially fine for people with
equity, rheumatic tendency.
Squeeze the juice of half large
lemon Gree from seeds) into a
tumbler, add to it teaspoon as
heaping full of sugar as it is pos
sible to make it, stir to dissolve it.,
fill up scant three-quarters with
ice water, and then stir in a scant
third of a teaspoon { level) OF hi
carbonate OF soda. When the foam
nears the top of the glass you may
begin to sip from it, or it may
surprise you by overlooking. If
you prefer your lemonade sweeter,
you can regulate the quantity of
sugar after trying the recipe; if you
make it too sweet it will have a flat
taste. This recipe was given me by
one OF the most clever physicians
in Chicago.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
Big Squash.

E. G. Hartle, OF Thorp, has on
exhibition in J. E. Veach's store in
Thorp, a squash that weighs 954
pounds. Mr.. Veach being one of
the most enterprising merchants in
Kittitas county has offered six
valuable prizes to the ones guessing
nearest the number of seeds that it
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13

that are prize-takers in our esti-
nation. The largest one measured
II! inches in circumference and
weighed one pound and twelve
ounces. The three weighed four
pounds and two ounces. Mrs.
Friedrich got them from the E.
Denton ranch on the Natchese.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
Big Spuds.

Asa June, of the Menastash,
brought to TIE DAWN office Sat-
urday some of the finest spuds we
have seen for some years. They
are of the Fearless variety and are
whoppers-more like chunks of
ocal or stove wood than potatoes.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
On Their Way Home.

The Dakota boys passed through
here Wednesday afternoon. When
they enlisted they were 1905 strong
but only 557 returned, the re-
mainder either died in the hospital
or we're killed in battle.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
County Levy.

The county Commissioners az
their meeting last week made the
following levy for tax purposes in
Kittitas county:
County Current Expense Mills
County Bond Interest 3Milla
County Roads IS Mills
County Bridges 5 Mills
Total 8
State General Purposes 81 Mills
State School Purpos IS IA Mills
State Military Purposes .25 Mills
State Interest Purposes "a Mills
Total s. Mills
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
Big Clover.

John Green brought us in a
lunch OF red clover from seed sown
'aS1 spring that measures five feet
i've and one-half inches. That is
Snat we call big cloverand deserves
special mention.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13

contains, three prizes to ladies and
three to gentlemen, the only con-
dition being that each cash
purchaser to the extent Of $1.OO is
allowed to guess.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
mn BLEWETT CAMP.
rfitas County The Mining
Center OF the State.

We clip the following article from
ASesttle Times as sent there by
.pscisl correspondent:
BlEwErr, WASH, Saturday.
rom the amount of work being
ansin this camp it is almost a
msinty that Blewett will be one
d The greatest camps in this part
d the state in the near future.
Dkwett will be to Seattle soon what
AsRspublic camp is to Spokane.
The Warrior General Mining
Company is working hard to get
Adr mill in operation by the first
November, the time set for the
lill to start running. 1t is to be
Wof the twenty stamps when
xnpleted.
Several new buildings are to be
erected this month and next, be-
sides those already under construc-
ton
Work is progressing favorably on
he Allen Mason Hydraulic Mining
Company'S works, besides on other
properties Of the Polepick Mining
Company, wealthy corporation of
Chicago. The company is working
ito property and shipping the out
pot BY tramway to the Warrior
General stamp mill preparatory to
induction and separation at the
works.
Orc is being taken from the War
nor General and stored in bins.
A company are about to com.
nance a store building, likewise a
ntsl. The latter will be as near
s* class as mining locality will
variant. Bids are already in for
ANAL service between Blewett and
@avenworth and will be in opera
uen BY the first of next month.
me mail at present goes around via
ceElum.
Alnlng experts Lovelace, Murphy
Chapman and others have ex-
amlned the properties here and
report that outside of the great
nomestake mines, this camp ranks
next In assays and extent of ore.
There will probably be two
thousand people here within the
next sixty days.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
Big Apples.

Mrs. Philip friedrich left at THE
DAWN office this week three apples
of tn National Wolf River variety
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13
COMING HOME.

Our soldier boys in San Francisco and expected
to arrive in Ellensburg on or about Nov 1st. lot
time awaits their arrival here They will be dined
wined and caressed in royal American style.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1899-10-13

fy want add
y, a price, i|
ellLyou anvil
b EllensbaiIgl
Statement [
r samples. \
ney. Owl ,
j. pc sell. In
is readymd|
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03
Failures Closed s 10 : Points Down Yes
ierdsy
RfALlzlNGASD HEAVY SALES BY GERMANS
spot Buyers Hesitate ON the Ad-
yance--Liverpool Goes stili
Higher.
Futures Q to o poinfs down
spots quiet and unchanged.
Liverpool 2 to 3-8Ad higher.
Once Of The Post.
Housson. Saturday, December 3.

Houston Saturday, December =.
People who have been complaining all dur
ing the season because Liverpool and the
markets on this side were not on parity
have less grounds for their opinion In the
premises today than for long time past.
Liverpool has been going higher steadily hero
OF late. but the response from this side has
by no means been what the bulls expected II
TO be.
Early Liverpool cables were very good as
2 result OF which New York and Now Or
leans opened at an advance. The effect OF
heavy realizing and liquidation and large
selling on the part OF the Germans soon be-
came apparent on this side. however ana tho
strength thus lost was not regaiued. New
York closing to . points down and New
Orleans 8 points lower.
The Anal figures from Liverpool showed
that market TO be FROM ?-64d to 3-6id higher.
Spots were l-l6i up and at the advanced
prices 500 bales were sold.
Home spots were generally quiet and I'M
changed. New York however, closed lice
down The SPOT situation seems TO be
weakening somewhat. MS buyers hesitate TO
take offerings at the advance.
The movement continues to be so small as
TO make many conservative cotton men think
. crop OF much over 9oa0,o5o bales an I'M
possibility. Port receipts were $685., against
So, s33 last year, difference Of 1900 while
The weekly statement for the thirty-one in
terror towns showed decrease OF 5576l I'M
der last week and SOS under last year.
Memphis and Augusta received 1874, Rgainst
sos last year. and receipts ut Houston were
1854. The estsr1ate for Monday is from 49,.
0tO to 1900 against i6 100 last year and 1871
in 1897. while New Orleans expects from
1900 TO 1900 as compared with 1854 in
1895 and 1854 in 1897.
The deficit in the visible supply is rapidly
increasing. Last week IL was Glis2s, while
tho figures for the week Just closed are
81. 80, indicating loss OF l.5i6,g0o dur ns
the past eleven weeks. The visible supply
for this week is 370i EOS; last year 4572, io5;
1897, 3,70s, 1885, 1896, s,Sl797a,
January IN New York opened at 5.57p7 IS.
sold high ct 75s. low at AZ and closed at
7.47G74s, 10 points below the opening.
March opened At 7.6@Q7.ss and closed at
7.5l@7.52 after se!l!as high at 7.ss sud low
at 7,5i.
March IN New Orleans opeasd at 7.SsS9T. 81
and closed at 7.2S97. %. the high and low
selling being done at 7.sT and 7.2s. rcspec-
lively.
Under the circumstances Liverpool is ex-
peeted TO close as much as or points
lower on Monday.
The weekly statement for thirty-oue lead
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03
LOCAL MARKET REVIEW.
office Of Tho Post

tiouston, saturday december =.
The poultry market is still in bad shape
and prices went still lower today as re-
suit of the light demand and the fact that
receipts were about the same as usual. Prac-
t!cally all OF the dealers have more or less
stock on hand and in view of all the cir
cumstances Il would seem 10 be advisable
on the part of shippers TO decrease tho
amount OF stun sent in until the market
exhibits more hrmness.
Mail reports from Philadelphia say that
the canned goods market is dull. There is
a better demand for pie peaches at un-
changed prices. but they are likely to 90
higher. Tomatoes are dun and unchanged
Peas dull, stocks light and better business
expected. Corn is unchanged.
I. III. Thompson & Co. received q shin
ment OF Italian chestnuts today.
Reports from the coast are to the effect
that the supply OF California walnuts is ex-
hausted and that no full orders have been
sent out for somo time past. There is a
comparatively small stock OF the nuts on
the local market.
car OF New York Baldwis apples was re-
ceived by the Houston Produce and Commits
company today.
California raisins are very firm at quoted
prices The primary markets are short and
some local jobbers ind it utterly Impossible
to get their orders hlled II conditions con
tinue as they are at present 1t seems likely
that tho trade will have to look to foreign
countries for supplies.
- 4.
The demand for brooms is falling on az
a result Of the sbnormally high price OF
broom corn and everything indicates that
the consumption Of this highly necessary ar
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03
ST. Louis Grain md Proyisions.

st. LOUIS. December 2.--Wheat--No. red
cash e.; December e6%; May IO9sa7ols; No.
hard 66G67 CornNo. 2 cash %; December
2sh Q2aSs May soss93O& oats---No. 2 cash
2si5 December 2Si5; May 24ai No. white
26ls Pork steady; standard mess. iobbine
300 Lard higher; prime steam 49, choice
d.97iS Flour dull depressed, but nominally
unchanged. Timothy seed l.90a2, rs Corn
meal steady; 1.75d1 so. Bran dull and nom-
nal; sacked east track 6lM6z Hay steaus
timothy S. 00d9.50: prairie 6.00Gs so. Whisky
steady: .23lS. Cotton ties los. Bagg,ng
weak 55sGl6ss Hemp twine o. Dry salt meats
BOXED shoulders, mono offering; extra shorts
.25; clear ribs $50, clear sides 5.62t5. Bacon
Boxed shoulders, mono Offering: extra shorts
5.75; ribs Sips; clear sides 6.95. Receipts
Flour 5000: wheat 5000; corn $4,000; oats 81, 900.
Shlpments-Flour 1000; wheat 1000. corn
5000; oats q. 900.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03
Grain and Provisions Elsewhere.

Kansas city, December 2,--Wheat- Deem
Der 65ss May 659s; cash No, 2 hard e5@66:
No. Q red 69lp7o. Corn~-Deccmber 26S: May
2SSs: each No. mixed 2SGI2sa, No. white
2sH129, oats-No . white 25ta. Receipts
Wheat 1920; corn 29,200: oats 1000. Ship
ments--Wheat 300: corn 1900; oats 1000.
New York December -wheat--Receipts
15s550 exports SOL. $50: SPOT firm: No. rod
72& T. o. b. afioat; No. 1 Northern, Duluth
7ess I. o. h, ahoat to arrive No. red
,707s elevator: options closed easy after a
late break, " higher: January ia March
7iie; May 1875 Decembe 70%.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03

New York, December money on call,
steady, at per cent. Prime mercantile paper
5RG6 per cent. Sterling exchange, firm, with
actual business in bankers bills at 4.S6k a
4.s6l8 for demand and at 4s1d4.SlA for sixty
days. Posted rates. 4s2d4,s25a. Commercial
bills, 4.S0AG4.SOia. Silver certificates, $50 q
59is. Bar, silver, 50. Mexican dollars, 47A.
State bonds steady; railroad bonds irregular;
government bonds strong.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03
Londnn Con.oIa

London, December 2-Consols for money,
lol lois; for account, 1929. Bar silver, dull,
OF discount in the open market for short and
three months bills. 5hGl5M per cent
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03
Hon.ton Spot anotntioni,a.'
other Spot Markets..

Gaiveston-s closed quiet and steady,
! with prices unchanged.
Low ordinary...5 e-16 Middling .....7 ZIG
Good ordnary...G ll-i6 Mldding fair Z 1910
Low mlddling,.7 3-is Sales ..,,......1iH
Sew York--spos closed quiet; prices 1-16c
down.
Low uiddling..,7 5-1s Middling fair sly
Mlddling. .......7ai Sales ......... go.
New orleaus-spots closed quiet; prices uu-
changed
Low Ordinary. .5S Middling .....T,s
Ordinary. .....,,Gh Good miGdling.7 l1-15
Good ordinary. SO, Mdding fair q
Low mlddling IA Sales ..... 1850 j.
Liyerpool--spot business was quiet prices
l-l6d up, sales 5000 Of which $500 were
American; imports 1900, OF which $500 were
American.
ordinary...... 3 27-S2 Middling ...4 1882
Good ordinary...4 l-32 Good middling A 1882
Low middling.. 4 7-S2 MiddlIng fair a 2s-32
New HnrlS iSultires
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03
CHICAGO GRAIN MARKET.
Wheat Was Steady Early, but Weakened on
Poor Demand.
THE CLOSE WAS At A HALF CENT DECLINE
Corn Took Opposite Trend and WINS
Higher. oats Advanced and Proyi-
sions Were ut Better Prices.

Chicago, December 2.--Wheat was steady
carly. but weakened on n poor demand from
outside. closing 1850 under yesterday. Corn,
Influenced by the wheat market. closed a
shade higher. Oats closed shade higher and
provisions 5d7,sc up, the latter supported
by good demand and light hog supply.
AT the opening today, Liverpool was less
influenced than expected by yesterdays slump
In tho local nit and there was a general dis
position TO even UP over Sunday. Conse-
quenty May wheat began the day fairly
steady, a shade lower at 6S;s6l6oe and ad-
yanced to 6si4c. New York early showed an
upward tendency, an encouraging hint OF a
better export demand This. however, failed
10 materializc; an increase of local stocks OF
about 100000 bushels was predicted aud con-
siderable long wheat was let out. all of
which was depressing. The market sagged
to 6SAdBSssc and closed i3aesc lower TOR
May at 6S4sG6slsc The volume OF bust
ness was small. New York reported twenty
i've loads taken Tor export. Local receints
Meresloi cars. Minneapolis and duluth re-
reported 81 cars. against 1852 last year.
Primary receipts we're $1,000 compared with
,e2s,JuO bushels a year ago. Cearances from
the seaboard in wheat and Hour We're equal
to 32l,Uuu bushels.
Corn was steady early. sympathlzing with
wheat. weakening later with mat cereal and
ON liberal receipts. Tho demand was poor
and local longs wera free sellers Primary
points received S3I, 100 bushels against sol. COO
last year. Local recelpts We're O.U cars.
stocks here are expected to decrease about
$4,000 bushels.
oats were nrm early and closed steady:
trace was dull and featureless and uuctila-
tons marrow. Lutte change in local stocks
Is predicted. Ulearances We're only IL 600
bushels, Local receipts were sos cars. The
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03

ticle will be largely curtniled unless tho corn
bines which now controls nearly the entire
supply OF the raw material sees ut to re-
duca prices. Members OF the trade assert
that patent sweepers and. in some cases,
even tho old fashioned brooms, will be used
before consumers generally Will consent to
pay the enormously inflated prices.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03
weekly Bank Statement.
London Financial Cablegram

New York. December 2--The Commercial
Advertisers London financial cablegram saws:
The markets here were very idle today but
firm In tone except for West Australians.
which were fat. Americans were quietly
firm
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03
FINANCIAL BRIEFS.

100f. zoe for the account
New York, December 2--Clearings, 1921,
12S,s52; balances. s10.715, 557 =.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03

on strong cables. Held steady during nrst
hour on general buying. but prices gave way
later on under heavy liquidations. Tho close
was steady TO points net loss for the day.
Liverpool closed 2it to points advance. Spot
sales 5000 bales at Lis higher. That our
market did not open higher was somewhat
disappointing to the bulls. ms cables were
frmer than expected and all news was very
favorable to them. The break during tho
latter part OF tho session was on heavy real
izing. principally by one large spot dealer.
The utter absence of anything bearish with
the exception of the single cry of cotton be-
ing held back, which from all accounts Is
very much overestimated. leaves the bear
ranks untcnable. Such breaks MS todays are
to be made upon to purchase on. The mar
ket's upward movement will no doubt be
checked from time TO time by heavy reallz-
ing. which shakes weak holders out. When
circumstances warrant our taking the bear
side. we will not fail TO express our opinion
as we have all during this bull movement.
but that is yet in the distance. There is
nothing at present that offers such induce
ments to investors the long side in the
cotton market.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03

Market strong for calves and light stuff
dnoiee heavy stuff improving in price and
Tor choice top cornfed hogs l5D pounds and
Upward, on arrival in Houston at prevailing
st9ckmen are taking considerable interest
~ tht FRUIT. Flower and Vegetable Festival
am. ana the Live Stock and Industrial EXHIBIT
ton December II To 16 --An'Di-
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03

The egg market Is practically in statu quo.
NO material increase in receipts Is noted aud
the market is firm at quoted prices
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1899-12-03

suited in higher prices, both chS 9sss u
dunn killers advancing iro@ IA r
the medium grades IN the steo IVA n
Heavy native sters brougnt 49, n
weight steers 4.5Odb.SS; sloems M
ers 3. 25@5. Is; butcher COWS TX aoss-
M4.so: Texans S.ooai.ie. y: ~
2lOO; trade active at 26c aavs ,a1ot Il q
clined this week to the low po rs'tijs ,
son. but there was a shsst MI ~
Heavy and mixed brougn..o o'' 49,
q. 7OG3 .s2ls; pigs 3.5o@S'.v ss,sueii =
$50; supply too light 70 ~ 49, e.
market: the light run THIS !. srs1l
shade advance in prices; s,eeSias ~
@5.4O; muttons s.sOdi .@: is 4
CATO; feeding sheep S.sgs'.''