The Anaconda standard., 1899-10-22
CENTRAL FACTS IN THE LONG QUARREL
THAT HAS REACHED ITS CLIMAX IN WAR

| ing of the word suzerainty as defined in
| this convention. 1t was expressly stip-
| ulated that the English crown should
appoint British resident, with veto
power over the internal policy of the
| republic toward the Kaffirs: that it
should control and conduct it's entire
foreign policy and reserve the right Ct
moving troops over it's territory in
time of war. To the Beers, however,
the reservation was gall and wcrm-
wood. AS they chafed more and more
under what seemed to the colonial CT
flee mere shadow of authority, Glad
stone cheerfully proposed a revision CT
the convention.
Thus came the conference which led
to the second or London conven. sion
of 1884 Though held in the metropolis
Of Great Britain itself, the British pub
lie thought little and cared less about
the matter. The Beers got pretty
much what they wanted. Out of def
erence to Boer sensitiveness the word
'suzerainty,' expressly used in the con-
Vention of 1881. was omitted in the new
one, and the title of British resident
was changed to diplomatic agent, with
restriction of his functions to purely
ence was granted in domestic affairs
The western boundaries of the state
were mutually determined upon.
Though the word Suzerainty was
dropped, the thing itself was inserted
in one clause, which ran as follows:
The South African Republic will con-
clude no treaty or engagement with
any state or nation other than the
Orange Free State. nor with any ma
tive tribe to the eastward Or westward
OF the republic. until the same has been
approved by. her majesty, the queen"
1t is to this convention Of 1884 that
all the recent discussions between Kru-
ger and Chamberlain had reference.
The failure to mention sovereignty was
interpreted by Kruger as meaning that
no sovereignty existed. The omission
was regarded by Chamberlain as leav-
ing the status of the relations the same
as in 1881.
Trouble With Uitlanders.
From these days date the beginnings
of the latest development of relations
between the English and the Beers
the relations which have led to war.
The new wealth of the country, wealth
despised by the Beers. caused the in
rush of Uitlanders, men not wanted by
the Boer occupants of the land. AS in
the earlier cases the policy adopted by
England was one for protection of her
trade and the welfare of her citizens.
Conflict in the future was discerned
1Ie u1oSoNeIy VI BOlu Ill lIe
vaal came in 1884. 1t meant for the
land what the discovery of the Kim
berley diamond fields had meant for
Cape Colony. The city of Johannes
burg was founded in the center of the
gold fields and became the headquarters
of the Uitlanders, who rushed in by
thousands. In the midst of the race of
Boer farmers, loving their country with
idolatry and full of peasant virtues
and prejudices, the great system of
modern industry erected it's temples.
Before many years the Uitlanders
numbered as many as the Beers. Now
they are twice as numerous.
So the problem of the English was
again upon the Boer. Here are the
foreigners. with all their wealth. They
will demand the franchise which gives
them equality with us, who despise all
they have and seek They will out
number us, and if we let them vote
their own kind. Where will be the
things we love in this life? Where will
be our language, our religion, our
home life? Shall we make them equal
to us to our ruin, or shall we risk all
to keep them outside of our govern
ment?"
The problem was fairly faced, and
the answer was squarely given. with
Dom Paul Kruger, president of the
republic since 1888, as national spokes-
man. I'VE will keep all power in the
hands of the Beers. We will let the
Uitlanders remain and make wealth.
but we will take from them in taxes
all that we need We will make them
conform to our language. our system
of education, our political institutions.
and we will be masters in all things
The faster the Uitlanders came, the
more rapidly the constitution of the
land, never any too definite, was
nodded over to concentrate the power
where the Beers wanted it to stay.
system of two classes of burghers or
citizens was worked out. AT present
its form is as follows: The first-class
burghers, who alone can sit in the high
er house of the volksraad, comprise all
male white residents in the Transvaal
before 1876. or who have fought in the
principal wars of the country since
then. The children of such persons re-
ceive citizenship at the age of 16. All
other persons, after they become natu-
rallied, which is possible with two
years residence, are second-class bur-
ghers, unless by special resolutions of