The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1899-09-23
wbeat anil R,ust.

From Farmers Review: AS plant
diseases appear to reduce the income
from the farm, the farmers of the
country and those who are supported
largely by them to devise aids and
lean of assistance, are spurred to
greater endeayor to overcome them.
There are two general methods Of pro-
cedure. One, to find some remedy for
the disease itself, and the other to find
some type of the plant which will nat
urally resist the disease. The latter
is really the most satisfactory, as with
the adoption of a resistant species the
disease may entirely die out, while un-
der preventive or remedial treatment,
it is liable at any time to spring up
again. Apropos of this general sub
ject, the Department of Agriculture IS
preparing to- publish some matter
which will interest farmers in all
states. It is on cereal rusts. It is q
remarkable fact that Notwithstanding
the immense and worldwide damage
done by rusts, mo- Investigations have
been made on the subject, outside of.
the United States and Australia. In
the important cereal regions of Russia,
India and the Argentine, practically
nothing is known about rusts. Here
is a case where it appears much more
practicable to Tight rust Though the
production Of rust resistant species and
varieties than through attempts at
'treatmeht Of the disease. IL would not.
for instance. be convenient TO spray a
wheat field. Rust on; cereals Is a plant
life-a fungus which draws its suste-
nance from ana at the same time ruins
the host plant. Mr. Mark A. Carleton,
the rust specialist Of the Department
Of Agriculture, states. 1t as his opinion
that the average. annual loss from rust
in the United.states Tar exceeds that
due to any other enemy, insect or fun
gous, and often squals#those from all
others combined.
The most common wheat rust is
what is known as the orange leaf rust.
So far as the ordinary wheats are con-
cerned, Mr.. Carleton states, the resis..
tant varieties are as a rule somewhat
dwarfed. r close and compact md
stool but little. The leaves; compare
lively few in number, are stir, narrow
and erect, with a more or less tough
dry cuticle, often with a glaucous Of
waxy surface; heads compact and parsa
row; and grains hard, red, small. and
heavy. In other words, the chaFac-
teristics Of these wheats are aboutsthes
same az, those Of the wheats Of ssmi-
arid regions. Fortunately isuch varie.
ties produce the fneet grainsand mosfss
nutritious hour known, andSare usual.
" hardy. drought-rssisting 4brts. How
ever no matter what the other con-
ditfohs. every variety viii rt.t. sven
considerably, af It natures lite. EARLY
maturity H. therefore another impor-
tandt' quality. AFor rust freedom land
Tor other purposes alb eagrtyfrmatusdng.
hard, red, frast-rssistant, and ,droath-
resistant winter sort ID the tdealggone
for the great portion ofg onrSa wheat
ssSiitonsg sass@s hlaIsgs s.E s~
i. Judging slasg! zen ~ 4, ~ s As2saas1 e.
A1sntSauhlitHtiffss tthSsi Sbif6wd1sgGvs1rietieaa, al
Fxtdy; sNAll9kndxnEss and gbSd standard
ssyta insqther directions. paayss,bessrec-
S6im9Smendea Z likely to prove sco4&ftitdtfsss
fSblasaeStt9lt4ntFtosprapS HsafaruSt IN
$500 r. NHFg-4 ~ - u az - =