The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-09-29

dress, since 1t has no official relations
with the republic. The power to which it
would be obliged to look in the matter
would be Great Britain, precisely in the
same manner as, when an American citi-
zen was subjected some ten years ago
to a gross outrage at Kissingen, the state
department at Washington sought re-
dress not from the regent or government
Of Bavaria but from the Kaiser, and
from the department of foreign affairs
at Berlin. as intrusted with the interna-
tional relations of the kingdom of Ba-
varia.
It is by this responsibility toward for
cling nations, on the part of the para
mount power for a subject state. that the
limitations and extent of suzerainty can
be best defined. AS a general rule, the
term suzeratnty implies absolute auton-
omy and absence of control in the inter
nal affairs of the country upon which It
is imposed This policy of non-interven-
ton, however, ceases when in the opin-
ion Of the suzerian power it becomes nee
essary for the purpose of safeguarding
its responsibility toward foreign nations.
For it is evident that where one state
represents another in it's external rela-
tons, and the former Is consequently re-
sponsible to foreign governments for the
wrongful acts or omissions of the latter,
1t must be armed with the right to inter-
vene in the internal administration of the
subordinate state for the purpose Of
guarding itself against claims for indem-
nifty on the part Of foreign governments.
That is why England is fully justified
in insisting that President Kruger should
1naugurate a number of domestic re-
forms in the Transvaal which are nee
essary for the protection of foreign life
and property there, and which have been
pressed upon the British government by
Germany, France and Italy, which have
extensive interests in the dominion of the
South African republic.
Of course if the Beers were to reestab-
lish that slavery of which they were the
most obstinate champions-it was owing
to Great Britians dissolution of slavery
that they first ''trekked'' from Cape Col
ony to Natal, and further north to their
Grain power would not feel itself called
upon to interfere. 1t tolerates lavery in
Zanzibar. which is subject to its SUI
erainty, and likewise in all the sovereign
states of British India, merely insisting
that no English official shall be called
upon to give their support to the insti-
tuition by taking any part in the recap
ture Of runaway slaves and their re-
turn to their masters
But when the Boer government devises
a number of laws which are destined
not merel yto blackmail but absolutely
to destroy industries and interests in
which large amounts of French, German
and Italian capital have been embarked.
then Great Britain as he suzerian pow
er has the right, nay, morally and legally
Is obliged, in response to appeals from
Germany France and Italy, to intervene
in the international administration os The
Transvaal to the extent of insisting 1;onn
fair and proper treatment of all roreian-
ers.
BY assuming the suzerainty over the
Sultantate of Sulu the United States car
not be in any way considered as giving
its Endorsement 10 that slavery which is
and has been for hundreds of yeas past
one of the principal Institutions Of tie
country. Nor will the American govern
ment be held responsible in the yes of he
civilized yorld for any act of Oriental
savagry and cruelty perpe.ratel ty the
siHan. provided he does not interfere
with foreigners But it will be the duty
Of the United Safes to intervene in the
international administration of the sui
tantate whenever foreign interests are
mensced. either by the Sulu authorities
or else by anarchy, since becoming SUI
eraine this government has assumed the
obligation Of furnishing thecitizens of for
eign nations he same protection that they
would receive in this country.
Unless I am much mistaken. the con-
vention between theSulu sultantate and
the United States is almost identical with
those that govern the relations between
the sovereign states Of ritish India and
Queen Victoria in her capacity as suzer-
ain and Kaiser-i-Hind that is to say.
empress Of India Briefly speaking these
treaties empower England 0 restrain the
native states from making peace or war.
from sending or receiving foreign embas-
sizes. or from holding any intercourse with
foreign governments save through English
official channels. They further invest the
British crown with the prerogtaiye OF lin
itin gthe armies OF the native states.
which are likewise compelled 20 submit TO
the presence Of rttish resident.
Finally, the treaties IN question regulate
the residence OF Europeans in the native
states and invest England with the right
OF deposiug the native ruler in the case
OF internal misgovernment Of such a char
acter ss TO imperii EnsIs hand foreign
life ard Interest," The suItantate OF Jo-
hore and FIVE Of the so-called Malay states
enjoy a greater degree Of independence
toward Great Britain. But inasmuch as
hey have bound themselves net to ne
gotiate treaties or 20 hold intercourse vita
foreign powers, except through England
which in return assures them protection
from external attacks. they have virtually
accepted the suzeraiaty - Great Britain.
although they cali themselves allies In
stead u vassaLs.
L IS question wbether the Ottoman
empire the kingdom o. Belgium ard that
o. Greece are not zueisct 20 the sazer-
ainty % ire great powers % Europe. since
the latter have p.sce5 themselves cog-
lectiye.y under ahIigzfi8a . protectsEg
bath the autonomy and the Integrity %
thess states. and this form q proisetfon
IS one o. the distinctive marks Ok sazsr
sinty Nor mast Il se forgotten tssf =
the middle ages tse Pope exercised 4
SPECIES % zS-s q less honorary suzeF-