davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26
DISCOVER NEW LAND
Belgica Expedition Has Returned
from Antarctic Seas.
First Party to Pass tn Winter In South
Polar Seas-Active Volcanoes
FOund-Voyage a Scien-
tffiS Success.

The standardization, of Brooklyn,
prints the following special cablegram
from DR.. Frederick A. Cook, of Brook
Ign, surgeon of the antarctic expedition
On the Belgian steamship Belgica:
"Montevideo. Uruguay.-The Belgica has
arrived here. All well. Our antarctic voy-
age has been complete success.
Much new land in Weddell sea and open
water to the far north discovered Active
volcanoes were also seen. come home d.
rect by steamer
1.-The Belgica will not return for another
winter. as originally planned. We lost men
by accident. but none by disease.
COOK"
Brief as this dispatch is, it tells
enough to show that the little Belgian
expedition has indeed achieved bril-
liant success. It has discovered the
first new land found in antarctic waters
for So years, or since the expedition of
Ross in 1841. The details given in DR..
Cooks dispatch are very meager, but
these facts are esta blished:
The new discoveries of land have been
made southeast of the termination of
South America. The discoveries are
probably south of 74.15 southern lati-
tude, the most southern point attained
by Weddell in 1923, though they may be
to the east or west of his route.
The reason favoring the probability
that they are south of Weddell's
furthest is that, if they were to the east
or west of his route, they would very
likely have been seen by Morrell in 1923,
or by Ross in 1S43.
1t seems unlikely, however, that the
Belgica reached point very much
nearer the pole than that attained by
Weddell, or DR.. Cook would have men
toned it as one of the most important
successes of the expedition.
1t will be observed that the Belgica
found vast expanse of open water,
just as Weddell did, Is years earlier He
entered perfectly open sea. No land
was in sight, but he saw three icebergs
Whales were in abundance, and birds,
chiefly penguins, were in enormous
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26
IA rity Between Money and Property

Parity Between Money and Property.
The gist of the whole mat ter is here:
The parity which is to be maintained
is not that between gold and silver; it
is that between money and property.
And bimetallism. by reason of the
Gresham law, does this better than
recommendation ever can. There could
be no such thing as the double stand
ard, if it we're not for the Gresham
law. If the two metals were forever at
q parity of ratios. as so many errone-
ously think that bimetallism requires:
there would be no double standard.
There would be only a single standard.
exactly as we have now. except that it
would be at a higher price level It is
the easy tilt between gold and silver
under the operation of the Gresham
law, that makes bimetallism so sensi-
tive, and so superior to recommendation
as stable measure of value.-Bronson
c. Keller. in Mississippi Valley Demo-
crat
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26
THE SENSE OF TASTE.
Expe riments Prove That When Per-
son Is BlindfOlded 1t Has No Ac-
tual Existence.

1t would now seem from experiments,
which have been carried on in the Uni
versity of Iowa, that we do not taste
many of the things which we eat at our
daily means. 1t is asserted confidently
that we merely smell them. If the nose
is tightly closed in the ordinary man
and he is blindfolded, he. will not be
able to distinguish coffee from water or
a weak solution of quinine. This has
been proved by experiments made on
many persons. Common coffee was said
to be water, it was also said to be qui
nine. Water was said to be coffee. Tea
was called coffee. Turkey was called
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26
VALUE OF MONEY.
The Question of Price Levels Is One
of Relation of Money Volume
to Commodities.

In order to retain clear idea of
this law of value of money, or of prices
generally it should be kept in mind
that the value of the total volume of
money does not change. If, for in
stance, the volume Of money should be
doubled, with no change in the quanti-
ty of things to be bought and sold, the
double volume would simply stand
against the same quantity of things
to be exchanged for money. Each unit
of the larger volume, therefore, would
exchange for but half as much as
unit of the smaller volume before it
was doubled. For like reasons if the
volume of money should be halved,
other things remaining the same,
each unit of the smaller volume
would have double purchasing pow
err, and consequently the purchas-
ing power of the whole of the
smaller volume would have double
purchasing power, and consequently
the purchasing power of the whole of
as the purchasing power Of the volume
before it was cut down one-half.
Hence we must understand that it is
the units of the volume of money that
vary in value and not the whole VOL
ume. The price of thing is the num-
Der Of units of money-in our system
dollars-that thing will exchange
for. Hence the law governing or de-
termining price levels may be stated
as follows: The range of prices gener-
ally depends on the proportion of
money to debts and commodities. j. e.,
to debts to be paid and things to be
bought and sold; and as the volume of
currency redeemable in standard
money, and also of bank credits, that
so largely supply the place of cur
rency, depends on the supply of
primary or basic money, it follows
that general prices depend primarily
on the supply of standard money, or
money of ultimate redemption. Con-
sequently it is plain enough that the
question of price levels Isl one of the re-
lation of money volume to commodi-
ties. We can. therefore, have which
price level we choose, that of dollar
wheat, 50-cent corn. ten-cent cotton,
and so on, or the other level of 5O-cent
wheat. 25-cent corn, fve-cent cotton.
etc. Either of these plans of prices
can be easily enough secured. One
that represented by 5ocent wheat. five
cent cotton, ETC., is the gold plane of
prices; the other, that Indicated by
dollar wheat. ten-cent cotton, etc., is
the bimetallic plane. With gold the
sole measure it is impossible to have
high. or higher, prices. On the con-
trary prices must go lower as gold ap-
preciates, or grows dearer. as it is do
ing now all the time. With money
supply left. as before 1879, to come
from the mines of both gold and sill
yer. we would undoubtedly have in
time range of prices approximating
that which prevailed from 1850 to 1873.
A. j: Warner.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26

(Said to Be Engaged to the Aged Emperor
of Austria.)
varia 40-odd years ago, she, too, was
the most beautiful princess in Europe.
Her teeth dazzled people when she
smiled, and she could stand on her own
hair when she let it down. Since then
her brother-in-law was murdered in
Mexico while trying to be a real king,
and his wife is now the Mad Carlotta,'
of the Belgians; her only son, Prince
Rudolph, killed himseH-or was shot
in disgrace; her sister, Marie of Ma
pies, was deposed from her throne and
is still in exile, and her sister, the
Duchess d'Alencon, was burned to death
in the Paris charity bazaar.
One of her cousins was the mad Louis
of Bavaria, who drowned himself and
hiskeeperin the Sternberg lake l3 years
ago, and another is the present Ba-
varian king who crawls around naked
on all tours, mad. She herself was
killed by an enemy of kings and princes
-Luccheni-and he has gone mad.
too.
But the throne. of Hungary and Aus
tria is without queen and the en-
peror no son. So this little pretty prin-
cess who has to live on English soil be-
| cause France is disguised with kings,
ETC., and especially Disguised with her
| disgraceful brother, the duke Of Or
leans, who pretends to be pretcnder.
must marry the old emperor of Austria
to see if that lettering, WORKOUT and
utterly dissatisfied dynasty can be kept
together by a baby.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26


I'm This Condition You Cannot Tell Tea
from Coffee-)
pork. Raw apple was called grape juice.
Malt extract was sherry wine. Lard
was pronounced butter.
The experiments which led to these
conclusions were carried on by Prof.
G.. T. w. Patrick, of the University of
Iowa, who has just communicated some
of the results of his work to the Ameri-
can Psychological society. Prof. Patrick
was enabled to attain great accuracy
in his work by the fact that one of the
persons he experimental upon was an
anosmic-that is, absolutely devoid of
the sense of smell. He was enabled thus
to determine which sensations were
those of taste and which were smell.
There are only four simple taste SEN
sations, namely, sweet, bitter, sour and
salt. 1t is said by some that there are
only two, sweet and bitter. All other
sensations which are commonly called
tastes are complex results of sensation
of smell, touch, temperature and sight:
The means by which we distinguish al
most all of our common foods and
drinks is not the sense of taste so much
as it is the sense of smell, touch, tenn
perature and sight. All the fine differ
ences by which we distinguish the var
ious fruits, meats and drinks depend
not upon taste at all, but upon these
| other senses.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26

Sins of Commission and Sins Of Omission.
The Record Laid Bare-Governor Ltnd's
Pre-Election Pledges, and His Admin
1strative Recommendations and How
They Were Specifically Ignored More
CONCERNING tho Gross Earnings Bill,
aud the Railroad and Sugar BOUNTY
Lobbies-NIake-S Shift Antitrust Law.
Justification OF Farmers Charges
Against State Experimentation Press
Note and Comment of the Week.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26
Free Silver and Democracy.

evil Bryan and free silver be side
tracked?" asked good friend. Our
answer was: IF they are the masses
of the democratic party will also be
sidetrac]1ed, and that will end the par
ty; not one state in the union could be
carried if free silver is sidetracked.
There is only room in this country for
one Observation-Disclosures monop-
oily party, and it is occupied by Nc
Hanna, Rothschild & Co."-Fort Madi-
son Qa.) Democrat. e." s,os*
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26
ISABEL OF ORLEANS.
She II the Prettiest Princess In Eu-
rope and Is to Marry the Old
Emperor of Austria.

The little Princess Isabel of Orleans
is the prettiest princess in Europe. She
is so pretty that she is like realizat ton
of the princess in the old fairy tales:
Advices from Vienna say that she is
the lovely victim picked out to be the
bride of the old emperor of Austria
when his state period of mourning is
over. That will be next September.
Pity this poor little princess, says the
New York Journal.
When the present emperor of Austria
and Hungary married Elizabeth of Ba-
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26
Lectures for Artisans.

Hanover is to establish series OF
lectures and demonstrations for the in
struction of artisans and apprentices
in oil trades, and if they are found sue
cessful they will be instituted through
out the empire. They are to be model
workshops and exhibitions of tools
and machinery, together with instruc-
ton in bookkeeping and in making es-
Inmates. The first course of lectures
shoemakers and tailors, other trades
being taken up one after another, the
intention being that higher instruction
in all shall be placed within reach of
every learner or operative, g.. 49,. -
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26

numbers. In the same year, about 700
miles to the northwest, Morrel also dis
covered a nearly ice-free sea.
It appears from DR.. Cooks dispatch
that active volcanoes were also dis
covered by the Belgica. The'onIy other
antarctic volcano in eruption that had
hitherto been seen was Erebus (12,000
feet), on Victoria island. 1t is not
known whether the volcano near,
named Terror Q1,o00 feet), is in active
condition.
The Belgica, under command of
Lieut.. Gerlache, set sail from Antwerp
on August 16, 1897. She was Norwe-
gian vessel, which Gerlache fitted out
for polar work. He was assisted to a
large extent by the Belgian govern
ment. The scientific staff included
Lieut.. Dance, who was to be in charge
of pendulum and magnetic observac
tons; DR.. Racovilza, naturalist, and DR..
Aretowski, geologist. DR.. +. A. Cook
joined the party at Rio de Janiero, leav-
ing Brooklyn on February 20, 1897. He
was to be surgeon and ethnologist, and
his experience in the arctic region was
expected to be of much service to the
expedition.
Gerlache did not expect to winter in
the antarctic regions. After spending
the southern summer of 1S97-9S in ex-
plorations, his plan was to go to Aus
traha for the winter and renew his re-
searches the following season. The Bel
gica, however, was not heard from
again until Is months after she started
from Terra del Fuego for the little
known Graham land to the south. She
is, therefore, the first vessel that has
spent a winter in south polar waters.
The Belgica has spent two summers
and a winter in the antarctic. She will
bring home the first records of south
polar phenomena during the winter
months. She has found lands in a re-
gion that was white on the maps, and
has considerably lessened the area of
unsailed antarctic waters. 1t is evident
that few polar expeditions have been
richer in experience, interest, and re-
suits. The I}elgica has shown again
that it is not always the most costly and
ambitious expeditions that reap the
best fruits of polar research.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26

Rumor has it that General G. McC.
Reeve retired when he did from the
Manila campaign because he was not in
sympathy with the war on the Fi1ipinos
that he saw was inevitable under the
Davis-McKinley policy. The homecom-
ing of the Thirteenth regiment must be
made an occasion long to be remem-
bered.. Z &.:r=:.s:: .*s r G.. S. C..
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1899-04-26

Thanks to the courage Of Chairman
Jacobson Of the gram and binder twine
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1899-10-27
al attack on May 81. Doubt ability to succeed.
On June 6, he cabled

"a "''"SA on way 81. OouDt aDlHty 10 succeed.
On June 6, he cabled:
Insurgents have been engaged actively within
the province of Cavite during last week; they
nave won several small victories, taking pris-
oner about 300 men, so officers.
On June 27 he cabled from Hong Kong:
Aguinaldo, insurgent leader, with thirteen of
his staff, arrived May 49, by permission. Es-
tablished self at Cavite, outside arsenal under
the protection of our guns, and organized his
army. l have had several conferences with
him, generally of personal nature. Consis.
tently have retrained from assisting him in
any way with the force under my command,
and on several occasions 1 have declined re-
quests that should do so, telling him the
squadron could not act until the arrival of the
United States troops AT the same time have
given him to understand that l consider insur-
gents as friends, being opposed to a common
enemy. He has gone to attend meeting of
insurgent leaders for the purpose of forming
civil government. Aguinaldo has acted inde-
pendently OF the squadron, but has kept me
advised of his progress, which has been won
derful. have allowed to pass by water re-
cruits, arms and ammunition, and to take such
Spanish arms and ammunition from arsenal as
he needed. Have advised frequently to con-
duct the war humanely, which he has done
invariably. My relations with him are cordial,
but am not in his confidence. The United
States has not been bound in any way to assist
insurgents by any act or promises, and he is
not, to my knowledge, committed to assist us.
l believe he expects to capture without my as
sistance, but doubt ability, they not having
many guns. In my opinion, >se people are
tar superior in their intelligence and more cap
able of self-government than the natives of
Cuba, and am familiar with both races.
(Signed) DEWEY.
trust these few official facts may facilitate
an Intelligent and honest discussion of a pend
issue. ]. D. BoTKIN.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1899-10-27
THE PHILIPPINES.
REVIEW OF THE SITUATINN AS SHOW N
BY OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS.

From Public Opinion Usage City.
The attention of the civilized world is
focused upon the Philippine islands and the
Transvaal, and for very similar reasons,
Americans are chiefly concerned with the
former Eighteen months ago very few OF us,
except those in or fresh from school room, could
have located the archipelago which has
achieved so much prominence.
How many knew year and half ago that
section of the United States navy was i'll that
quarter of the world!
How many knew there was such man as
George Dewey in our navy9
Thus little reflection will show our ignor-
ance Of the whole Philippine question. We
should study it without partisan prejudice. TO
this end, and by request, send you the follow
ing excerpts from the public documents named:
Military Notes on the Philippines, Govern
ment Printing Office, Washington, D. c., 1898,
page ~
"rhey were discovered by Magellan in 1921,
but it was not until 564 that the group received
its present name ir honor of Philip II.
Page 20: "rhe population has been esti-
mated at about 900, 900, the bulk of which is
of Malay origin. On first arrival the Spaniards
found part of the natives somewhat civilized,
but while they had written language, OF
which some specimens have been preserved, 1t
was of no value in throwing light upon their
early history, and their traditions are very few
Page FL: "The Philippine Malays are
suuerior race to many other Asiatic people;
orderly, amiable, courteous honest and exceed
uglv superstitious they are easily Influenced
upon profession of Christianity. Like most
tropical people their efforts are intermittent
rather than steady, their wants are readily pro-
yided for, and they take life easy The tnhab'
liant, are generally tractable and amenable to
government, and generally not hostile to for
ciqners In some of the inaccessible parts OF
the islands there are still tribes of unsubdued
savapes. whose number is estimated at about
Coz, ,ooo."
The next document from which ! quote Is
senate document, No. "a, part I, third session,
ssth congress, printed by the government
printing office at Washington, bearing date OF
1902, and, and containing the peace treaty and
the official letters to the department of state OF
Hon. Oscar F. Williams, our consul at Manila,
when our war with Spain began. BEGINNING
on page 31e is letter from Mr.. Williams,
dated Manila Feb aa, 1898, in which he says'
Peace was proclaimed and since my coming
festivities therefor were held, but there is no
peacu and has been none for about two years.
Conditions here and in Cuba are practically
alike. War exists, battles are OF daily occur
renee, ambulances bring In many wounded and
hospitals are full. Prisoners are brought here
and shot without trial, and Manila Is under
martial law.
republic Is organized here, as in Cuba
Insurgents are being armed and drilled, are
rapidly increasing in numbers and efficiency,
and all agree that general uprising will come
as soon as the governor-general embarks fol
Span, which is fixed for March.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1899-10-27
Republicans are Scared.

We clip the following from the Kansas City
Journal, which shows, without doubt that
the Republicans are scared:
NEBRASKA CLOSE.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1899-10-27

1t has not been definitely determined yet that
Senator Hanna will visit the state, but the Re-
publican managers still hope for his presence.
Speakers of less note are in the state speaking
day and night for the Republican ticket, and
they report the most encouraging crowds and
receptions. Ex-Governor Crounse, General
Gage, Judge Reese, John L. Webster, Judge
Ben Baker and many other splendid speakers
are busy.
Vice-Presdent Hobart is very sick, and his
death is expected daily.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1899-10-27

Governor Roosevelt to Make Special Train
Campaigning trip this Week Through
the State-Working of New
Registration Law.
People's voice. [volume] (Wellington, Sumner County, Kansas) 1890-1917, 1899-01-03

between connecting roads; classify
freight; require construction of de.
pots, switches, stock yards at stations
and improvement Of cars; regulate
operation Of all trains: summon juries
as provided by the court regulations,
jurors to possess usual qualification
except location; examine books of
roads; appoint receivers az will; hold
perpetual session at Topeka; shall
arbitrate all strikes; require burden
Of proof from railroad company in the
first act upon rates; no member Of the
court snail receive free transportation
for himself or friends under penalty
OF removal from office.
The second question taken up by
the caucus tonight was whether there
should be an adjournment Saturday.
Taylor, Of Wyandotte, and Jaquins,
of Cowley, led in the fight for adjourn
ment Saturday. but were opposed by
Hackney, of Sumner, and Barley, Of
Elk. Taylor said he would absolutely
not remain after Saturday. JaquinS
thought they had accomplished what
they came for and ought to quit. A
motion to continue in session till
Saturday, January I, was leading up
to a rupture and the caucus adjourned
till tomorrow night.
1t is thought that many will 20
home Saturday and not return. Tue
passage Of the railroad bill seems to
have satisfied most Of them. There
will be no civil service law passed. IL
is thought that McNall'S Insurance
law will be passed if the session con-
tinues, but that the banking bill will
be defeated. The bill transferring
S3l 900 from the State university fund
has been recalled and will not come
up again.
James Falcon, POpulist candidate
for judge in the district compmposed
of Brown, Doniphan and Nemaha.
against W, l. Stuart, Cy Lelaud's
candidate, filed notice of contest in
the senate today. 1t is thought that
McKay'S contest Of Gillett'S election
will be filed this week.
People's voice. [volume] (Wellington, Sumner County, Kansas) 1890-1917, 1899-01-03
Railroad Bill Passes the House.

Topeka, Kan, Dec. 29.-The rail-
road bill passed the house upon recon-
mendatiOn from the committee of the
whole by vote of 70 to 80. There is
no doubt of its passage in the senate,
though it may be amended. The
quick work in passing the measure
Was the result of a compromise be-
tween Bleldenthal and Leedy at
O'Clock this morning by which the
banking bill is to be taken up. The
trainers of the bill forgot to put in a
repeating clause of the present rail
road laws and tOnight's caucus dis
cuSsed for an hour whether it would
be safer to put the repeal in separ-
ate bill or as an amendment to the
Boyle measure. Upon advice of At.
tOrney General Boyle, the caucus de.
cided to have another bill, which
some regarded as dangerous meas
ure, as it would leave the state with
out any railroad legislation at all if
the Boyle bill should fail to stand the
test of the courts.
The bill in substance has been out.
lined and was not materially changed
in its adoption by the committee of
the whole house yesterday morning.
The original bill provided that the
first court should be selected by the
executive council and the bills so far
printed in newspapers have been
given that way. The senior Judge in
service of the court of visitation shall
be the chief judge, They shall be
elected in 1900 and every four years
thereafter. Judges shall qualify as
justices of the supreme court. The
court shall appoint clerk and stem
Ographer who shall hold during the
the pleasure of the court. There snail
be state soliciting attorney, marshal
and bailiff.
The court shall make rates and en-.
force them; shall apportiOn charges