davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

sicn of Dakota, from which the follow ing are quotations:
 The right of the people of q terri tory of the United States to form a constitution and state government, re- publican in form, and be admitted into the union of states, is so self-evident that it will not be questioned by any enlightened citizen of dny state, pro- viding the requisite conditions for ad- mission, heretofore recognized, have been compiled with and exist.
 "Chief Justice Fancy, in pronouncing the opinion of the supreme court of tho United States in the famous Dred Scott case, lays down this doctrine, which none will be so bold as to gain say:
 There is certainly no power given by the constitution to the federal gov ernment to establish CT maintain colo nies bordering on the United States, or at a distance, to be ruled and governed at it's own pleasure. nor to enlarge it's territorial limits in any way, except by the admission of new states. That. power is plainly given. But no power is given to acquire q territory to be held and governed permanently in that character
 The power to expand the territory of the United States by the admission of new states is plainly given; and in
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

The man of an inquiring and practi-
 cal turn of mind when Investigating a
 country that is new to him has natur- ally a multitude of questions to ask. Whats the country like? Present population? How about the climate? Is the water supply adequate? Where are the important cities and towns sit uated? How's business? How about transportation? To what extent is the country settled? What are the educa- tional facilities? and the farmer before he has got far through his list will surely have asked, What do you raise?" while the mining man will probably commence with queries bear ing upon the distribution of the metal lie wealth of the country.
 All of these inquiries and good many more will be answered, and with in the cover of this special edition of The Republican will be found detailed information on all points of interest to the intending settler, be he agricul- tural or mercantile, the mining pros pector, the health seeker or the tour ist.
 In the case of a territory like Ari- zona, embracing some 72,500 900 acres, this is no small undertaking, but be- sides a general description of the ter ritory elsewhere will be found special articles on the different industries and matters of both Dortiou1or and 0oporoI iD+aro-+ e,,D1lo mented by authoritative reports in de- tail upon the affairs and development of the various counties; the whole com Irising a mine of information which cannot fail to be of interest and value to the delivers therein, and they may be assured that there will not be the slightest attempt at painting the lily or adding perfume to the rose. The facts and figures used are taken from undeniable sources the special subjects are treated by writers of the highest standing in the community-men not only able but thoroughly trustworthy i There will be no attempt at fine writ ing;s4the tone. of the articles will be ] most conservative and care has been [ I1hCH u NOIA1S, oo lo1 dS pOS0lUlC, every fact set forth and every figure set down in this special spring number of l the Arizona Republican.
 We are indebted to the very able and exhaustive report of the governor of tie territory, issued under date of Au- gust, 31, 1928; to the interesting reports of the commissioners of immigration, a nd fn ha vTry.ifn r.f +Io ioJ ! ticles for much of the information contained herein, and here beg to ten der grateful acknowledgements.
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

age is obnoxious to free-born Ameri-
 cans. The people have no say as to who shall govern them. Appointees
 are sent to the territories by the presi-
 dent, who in person or through subOr-
 dinates whom they appoint expend a
 great part of the money collected by
 taxation. This is surely taxation
 without representation" The remain
 ing territories have far outgrOwn the
 regulations adopted by congress for their government. Our judicial system
 is insufficient and unsatisfactory; the entire machinery of the territorial sys- tenn is inadequate and un-American, and our citizens should insist, as with one voice, upon emancipation. And if temporarily the expense should be heavier upon our taXpayers-which is unlikely-it will be d thousandfOld compensated. New we have a dele gate in congress, a quasi member of the house of representatives, who has no vote, no rights, little influence. and few privileges, so to speak; and when he solicits the assistance of senators he must act more like an humble mendi- cant than like the authorized represen- tative of great commonwealth. As a state WIG would have a representative with a vote, and two senators, who could ac mplish more for the people of Arizo in one year than has been
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

| to admission, Utah had over 0O,0OO
 people It will be seen that but four states have been admitted which had more than 100, 900 of population at the last census previous to admission, and three of them, viz, California, Kansas and Utah, are west of the Mississippi; while Maine, the other, was taken from Massachusetts.
 An analysis of the table wiH show that eighteen of the the states admit ted had less than the apportionment number to justify one representative in congress at the last census previous to admission. and four states did not have a sufficient number at the next census after admission. What is particularly noticeable and instructive is the great average percentage of increase imme- diately after self government is at tained; which constitutes one of the strongest arguments in favor of state hood. Immigration into new states is large; a greater sta bility to values is at once assured; a stronger feeling of security is felt by investors; capital is more confident; the development of natural resources is consequently cas- fer; a better class of public servants, who when they are elected are more directly responsible to the people, are put in office; and, above all, that ines
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

ing, more particularly the MoQuis.
 Zunis and other pueblo Indians of northeastern Arizona
 Similarities of language are declared to exist between these people and the Asiatic races, and the at of mummy lying is unquestionably knc'wn to the Moqu priests. Hiercglyphics are found in all respects like those of Egypt, and the governor of the terri tory, in his report for the past year, says he is reliably informed that Ma sonic signs are inscribed on the emb lens and insignia of the priests.
 The countrv within u radius of a few miles of Tucson is famous for it's antiquities. Many large rocks having an eastern face are covered with hiero- 5lyphics of 2 lost race, and the riddle is yet to be read. As the governor re- marks, all this is strange and interest ing, and deserves most searching in estigation; and he expresses the be- lief that startling discoveries cal and will be made here affecting the history 0I the human race, and strongly rec 1mmends that an ethnClogical com mission be appointed for the purpose of thorough, careful and exhaustive re- search In this section of the country.
 The archaeological features of the
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

ment, should be completely subject to it's will and dictation. Nor is it cOm- patible with the feelings which should actuate every American to submit for one moment longer than necessity obliges to a government imposed by the will of others, and in the form or conduct of which the goverened have no other direction or voice than is al- lowed by permission of the govern ors.'
 The people of the territory are true, honest Americans. In-euseiy loyal and patriotic, they have bravcd the dangers and privations Of pioneer life and have built up civilization which will compare favor ably with any; they have added an empire in wealth and population to this great republic; they are true to their families and firesides. Why should they be denied the rights and privileges which are accorded to their brother Americans?
 Ex-President Harrison, when chair man, of the committee on territories of the United States senate, made a very exhaustive report upon the admis-
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

exercise the prerogat.ves of an inde-
 pendent and sovereign organization, is
 never designed for other than tempo
 rary purpose. It is contrary tC true
 policy, as well as to republican pro-
 priety, that a supreme and despotic rule should be held by this government over any portion of the freemen of the land; and if from the necessity of the case, the government has been obliged
 to prescribe regulations for, and eX- ercise control over, the inhabitants of territories not included in the limits of any one of the sovereign states it has been with the design of raising them, by it's fostering care and protection, with as little delay as possible, to a condition in which they may be able to assert and assume that high privilege of self-gcvernment which is the right of all men, and take their place as an independent community in the Union of American states. It is abhorrent to all the feelings and cherished prin- ciples of the freemen of this republic that there should exist within it's linn it's for any length of time, or for any time not demanded by an unavoidable necessity, a community of free citi- zens who, without participating in the conduct and the control of this govern
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31
A LEAF FROM THE PAST.

Arizona is bounded on the east, mort h and west by the United States of Amer ica, on the south by the republic of Mexico, above by the serenest of skies and beneath by soil more fertile than the valley of the Nile and by inexhaust- ible deposits of mineral
 So says the accomplished author of Treasure Land" in his entertaining story published by the Arizona Ad- vancement company, and taking for granted that it was the valley soils of the territory that were referred to these facts are incontrovertible.
 The origin of the name Arizona it is difficult to trace. It is certainly not O. Spanish origin and our Indian schol- ars are unable to agree upon any part of it. It was originally applied to a place a short distance south of the boundary line and was then "Ari- zonac." The Hon. Sam Hughes claims that it is derived from two Indian words, "Ari" and ''Zonac" Gas nearly as they can be expressed in English let ters) meaning the place of massacre or chastisement.
 Having located Arizona it will be well to endeavOr to trace some of it's early history, and putting aside for the moment all speculations respecting the ancient inhabitants, confine such his tory to the period which begins with the advent of Europeans
 In June, 1887, Panifilo de Narvaez with fleet of five ships and a force of 500 men set sail from Spain, and after several disasters was driven by a storm to the western coast of Florida He landed with about half his men and forty horses and proceeded inland while the fleet followed the coast, the forces expecting to reunite thereafter. They never met, however, for encoun- tering many perilous adventures only four of the land expedition survived, and these crossed the continent, pass ing through the southeastern corner of Arizona and finally reaching the Spanish camps on the coast of the Gulf | Of California
 One of this band of adventu~er5 was a negro slave, Estevanico, and to him l belongs the honor of being one of the | earliest explorers of the southern DOT tion of the present United States. | afterward became the prop erty of the yiceroy of Mexico and
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

doubtless influenced his maste- in the formation of projects for the further exploration of the country lying to the northwest of the Mexican empire.
 In 153S a party accompanied by Father Juan Osmedo made an eXpedi- ton to the north and returned with wonderful reports of the wealth and civilization of the inhabitants Olmedo was unable, however, to reach the fla nous seven cities of CibOla, the people of which were said to be as civilized and opulent as the Aztecs Another organized effort was made by Father Marcos de Niza, chief of the Francis cans at Culiacan. which place he left on March Eth, 1889, being accompanied
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31
scsoeeeooseoeseoeeoeeeeo, STATEHOOD ;


The question of the admission of ter
 ritories into the Union has been de | bated and analysed thoroughly over | and over again, with the addition ot
 each new star to the flag, and nothing can be said on the subject which has
 not been previously stated many times
 It is entirely proper, however, to em- | phasize the principles involved and re-
 assert our rights as often as our peti- i tiCn is denied. As stated in my re- ! port to the secretary of the interior for
 the current year:
 Arizona desires, above all things, to become 8 state. Constitutional rights
 should not be denied for sectional req sons, nor for alleged differences of opinion upon public questions. It is true that other reasons are at times
 given in q general way, based upon as sertions and in no degree substanti-
 ated by proofs, but the facts are con-
 spicuous that disputed financial theo- TieS, an unwarrented and offensive as sumption, of superiority because of To-
 cation, and a selfish unWillingneSs to fairly distribute legislative power. too often furnish the motives which actu- ate the enemies of statehood in their unpatriOtic and un-American refusal to accord to loyal citizens of this common country the rights and privileges VOuchsafed by the constitution. Such despOtic exercise of legislative power was never contemplated by that in spired work of our fathers which de- ciared the equality Of men. The ques- tiOn of opinion expressed upon the national monetary policy, or upon any specific policy of legislation, by differ ent localities, has not in justice the re mOtest relation to the principles in 1.1--
 showing the ratio of population of the new western states to the other states of the Union have no bearing whatever upon the rights vested under the con sutution, unless our system of govern ment is to be changed and our laws, precedents, rights and customs disre- garded.
 ''F'requently articles appear in gener- ally reputable newspapers of the east ern states containing untrUthful and misleading statements about the ter ritories, their people, civilization and resources; and often ridicule IS re- sorted to. Such methods are not only wholly inexcusable, but they display either ignorance or viciOusness in a marked degree. The truth is that the remaining territories possess greater resources. higher civilization, more perfect educational systems, and have a smaller percentage of illiteracy and crime than had a majority of the states when they were admitted.
 ''The principles involved are well set out in the following report of a com mittee of congress upon the admission of Florida:
 "'The whole policy of this govern ment, and all the principles upon which | it's institutions rest, arc adverse to the l long continuance Of 2 territorial gov ernment over any portion of the citl- zens of the country. The right and the | duty of government are funda- | mental maxims of the political system i of America. The territorial urganiza- tfon, for the purposes of local police over such portions Of the public do- main as are occupied by population too weak to maintain the forms and
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

the construction of thii power by all
 the departments of the government, it has been held to authorize the acquisi- tion of territory, not fit for admission at the time, but to be admitted as soon as it's population and situation would entitle it tC admission. It is acquired to i become state, and not to be held as colony and governed by congress
 with absolute authority
 
 The constitution prescribes no method of admitting new states. No regulations of congress exist upon the subject
 "Is the requirement. at last more than this-so far as the mere method of seeking admission is concerned-that it shall be made manifest to congress that the people of the territory have, in an orderly manner and with delibera- tiCn, asserted their desire to become a state, and assume the prerogatives of state government in the Union, being clothed With those safeguards of law which enable them to exercise their de- liberate judgment and make manifest their undoubted will? Cannot this be accomplished just as effectually through a legislative act of the terri tory as of congress-" ?"
 EV6ry argument ana pFlnclp16 tWnlCn should in justice and right be consid- cred in connection with the admission of the territories rests simply upon their ability to maintain themselves as states and the desire of a majority of their people for self government No law precedent nor construction of law can be found to the contrary, and while no specific regulation exists for the guidance of congress in the admission of states, the law as recognized by GUS tom and precedent has become a funda- mental part of cur national policy: that whenever the people of a territory of this Union express the desire for self government and can furnish satisfac- tory proof of their competency in pop ulation and wealth, it is net only their right to be admitted to statehood, but it is clearly the duty of congress to ad- init them. This is conceded by all of the authorities upon constitutional law and precedent, and any othera view is repugnant to the very inspiration and patriotism of the republic.
 It may be interesting to note the population of thirty states when they
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

timaible right of American citizenship,
 freedom, is secured.
 The territory has greater wealth and
 population than had large majority
 of the states when they were admitted; 1;
 it's undeveloped resources are almost
 incalculabie, and the people unani- mously demand recognition of the rights to which they are entitled under the constitution. The territorial form of government has existed in Arizona for thirty-five years. The Fifteenth legislature of Arizona ten years ago authorized a constitutional convention and the election of delegates thereto; an election was had, convention held and a constitution framed, which at a subsequent election was ratified by the people. These proceedings cost the territory $30,000; yet congress would not recognize our just claims. Bills passed the house of representatives for the admission of Arizona during the Fifty-second and Fifty-third con gresses and were favorably reported in the senate; and both the senate and house of representatives of the Fifty fourth congress reported admission bills favorably; yet it has been impos- sible to obtain the just consideration to which we are entitled.
 Occasionally misinformed citizens have declared themselves opposed to statehood, on the ground of economy, claiming that the maintenance of state government would increase tax ation to a burdensome extent. The history of the admission of every state in the Union, except Nevada, disproves this theory; the increase in population and taxable wealth, as a rule, far more than compensates the increased ex- pense. Arizona receives less than $40, 900 per year from Washington on account of the territorial form of gov ernment, which at the present assessed valuation of property in the territory amounts to less than one and one-half mills on the dollar. With statehood all kinds of property would increase in value-it is believed the people would be more careful in the selection of leg islators and other public officers; a more thorough system of assessing and collecting taxes would be adopted, and instead of assessing one hundred mil lion dollars worth of property at thirty-one millions, as we do now, we would require a more perfect plan of
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

territory are especially treated else where in this edition in an a ticle from the able pen of Dr. Miller admittedly the first authority on the subject,
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

were admitted, commencing with Yer mont.
 Utah is not included in the above list, but in the census of 1890, previous
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31

financial management, and the cost of government would be corresponding1y reduced
 Everything about territorial vassal-
Arizona republican., 1899-03-31
SETTLEMENT OF LAND

Tucson Land District, June 30. 1898. Area ITnappropriated and
 UnreServed
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-04-20
EHerNfhinE Lenka.

Ordinary tumblers will hold water
because the globules of water are too
big to squeeze through the glass. But
glass is as full of holes as a sponge, and
air blows right through it, because the
specks of air are smaller than the holes.
Put bell into big globe of glass,
seal up the vessel, pump out all the air.
then ring the bell inside. and you hear
nothing. There is not air enough in the
globe to carry sound. But lay the
globe aside for month or so. and no
matter how carefully you have sealed
up the neck you will find that you then
can hear the bell when you ring it. Air
has got into that globe-enough any
way to carry a sound has leaked in
through the substance of the glass.
The ordinary incandescent lamp is
glass globe with the air pumped out.
and after a few months sufficient air
leaks through TO dim the light which
comes from the thread of electrified
charcoal inside.
We can make plenty of vessels to
hold water. but nothing has been made
which will hold air without any leak
age The air sneaks in through holes
which are too small for the human mind
to imagine.
In fact, everything leaks.-Answars
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-04-20
From Bad to Worse.

Several ladies and gentlemen were
riding down town in cable car. They
We're mostly strangers to one another.
but the conversation became general
One of the ladies had been at the
opera the night before and was loud in
her expressions of disapprovaL
Worse than all. =" she went on,
that Nine. Schroeder is much too old
for her part. Her singing is becoming
unbeatable Don't you think so, too?"
she asked. turning to the gentleman
next to her.
Wouldn't you rather tell this to
Mime. Schroeder herself? She is sitting
beside you" he replied coldly.
After the general silence which fol-
lowed the remark. the critical lady
turned to the singer with many con-
fused apologies.
at is that horrid critic SCHNEIDER
who has influenced my Judgment con-
corning your singing. 1 believe it is he
who is always writing against you.
He must be most disagreeable and
pedantic person. ="
Had you not better tell all this to
Mr.. SCHNEIDER himself?" calmly in
quired Nine Schroeder. He is sitting
next to me. New York World.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-04-20
Lakes That Change Color.

1t is well known that the water of
many lakes exhibits characteristic col
ors. The lake of Geneva, at the western
end of Switzerland, is blue, while the
lake of Constance. at the eastern end of
Switzerland, is green. Blueness implies
purity, since the natural color of water
is blue A green lake has its water
slightly cl9uded with impurities, which
may be exceedingly fine particles, sep
arately invisible Professor Spring of the
University of Liege says that green
lakes sometimes become absolutely col
orless for time. and he has found that
this sudden change of hue is due to the
washing into the lakes of mud colored
red by oxide of iron. Red is compile
mentary to green, and the result of the
mixture is that the green color of the
water becomes for the time neutralized