davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
THE NOTRE DAME HIVE.
An Interesting Device For Lessen.
ing work Win Bees.

An Interesting Device For Lessen.
ing work Win bees.
"ff the bee keepers III coll countries
desire hive that combines In Itself
the advantages Of the box for safe
wintering and the loose frame hive
with It's facilities OF frame mnnipuln.
ton made more easy and agreeable, 4
hive in which bees will winter better
packed in shed secure from storms
ana wet, without the trouble, expense,
care and anxiety attendant on cellar
wintering. then they might do well to
invest few cents in the 'Notre Dame
device. put It in one of their beehives
and give It n trial." says IN Indiana
contributor to the American Bee Jour
nal, in which he gives the following
information about this hive and win
tering device:
Almost any box or hive containing
loose frames with space enough be-
tween the ends of the frames and hive
to admit board say half an inch thick
can be converted into whnt In this To-
cality Is known as the "NOtre Dame
hive" by means of simple device con.
SActAAS VI ehC LoIioNiuS pleGeS'
One strip Of iron one inch wide. M
eighth Of an inch thick and the depth
Of the hive. Two holes much like key.
holes are punched in 1t near each end
Four small screws to fasten this to the
board, which is cut to fit in the end OF
the hive. Two or four three-eighth by
three inch coach or wood screws. the
points Of which are cut off. and a
groove cut near the end to fit in the
slots in the strip Of iron-a Kind Of lit
tie button which when in the slots will
pull back as much as 1t will push for
ward. These screws, If only two. IRE
put through in the center Of the end Of
the hive and are so spaced that when
the board is put on the slots In the iron
strip will drop down In the grooves cut
In the screws and rest on the bottom
Of the hive. If four screws are used,
then two are put opposite the second
frame from the outside The heads of
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
News and Notes.

Winter beets are sown in July and
August and after frost are taken up.
the tops cut off and the roots stored in
the cellar. One ounce of seed will SOW
90 to 70 feet of drill. Early varieties
may be used in 80 to 60 days. The
roots will be mature In about 100 days.
Rich finely pulverized soil is needed
for turnips A sandy or gravelly loan
Is preferred. Sow in drills one foot
apart and half an inch deep, or SOW
broadcast and rake In lightly. II there
should be no rain. a thorough sprln
king will insure termination. Tho
plants should stand ut least three Inch.
es apart.
While the quantity OF oil to be used
In treating roads cannot yet b0 consld.
cred as exactly ascertaincd, Rural New
Yorker states that good results have
been obtained by thoroughly sprinkllng
common earth roads at tho rate OF Il
barrel Of oil for Il stretch 100 feet long
aud II feet wide.
American Agriculturlst reports 4 lib.
eral hay crop In sight, harvested In
somewhat better condition than seem
cd probable a short time ago. P0ta
toos also arc reported as making a
good crop growth. Taking the entire
breadth. there arc fairly good prospects
FOR northern potatoes,
Orange hawkweed IL increasingly
reported In New England and New
York state. The application OF dry
salt II pounds per square rod IL we'll
recommended IA an effective remedy,
especially II fes0rted 10 ~ s04n AZ tbs
Invasion OF the weed Ii observed,
An authority on tho sugar beet says
Of its civilizations First, tho beets must
be Kept absolutely free fr0m weeds
and grasses, 10 thnt the beneficial ef'
fects Of the sun aud air may be fully
realized; second, tho ground must be
kept laose Tor the sRlna VurpasaI third. |
In ease of dry weather tho soil mus,
he kept stirred la order that u dust
mulch may prevent evaporation VI
moisture.
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
One Thing and Another.

Montana men are said to have been
investigating the beet pulp output Of
New York and considering the matter
of bringing $4,000 head of sheep and
lambs east and fattening them on this
pulp with view to having them nearer
the ready market when the feeding ia
completed.
Professor Parrot of Kansas suggests
that late plowing in the fall. by which
the pupal cases Of the adults are broken
up, will doubtless materially aid in re-
ducing the number of wire worms in
corn, of which there have been COM
plants in the past few years.
In corn cultivation at the Michigan
station frequent shallow cultivation
gave tbs best results.
According to Orange Judd Farmer.
returns from all districts show that on
June there was promise of an apple
crop ranging from moderate to large In
all the states between the Allegheny
and the Rocky mountains.
Rye 10 said to make a good cover
crop for orchards where heterogeneous
fertilizer Ia not desired. II Ia also uss.
ful ON very light, sandy soils, and on
very hard, lumpy soils, where other
crops do not easily grow.
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
NoTRE DAME wINTERiNU DEVICE.

NOTRE DAME wlNrERlNG DEVICE.
the screws are tlattened for conven.
ience. Three little strips Of wood are
nailed on the side Of the hive against
which the board fits up tightly when
screwed up against the frames.
One little strip Of olcloth is tackled
on the end Of hive and board. This is
to prevent the bees from getting be-.
hind the board. The edges should be
turned in SO that no threads are visible
for the bees to pull and bite. The holes
for the screens are bored with q bit
smaller than the screws, md "A screw
Of the same size with the point sharp
Is used to cut the thread In the wood,
because the screw with the blunt point
will not do the work.
Our bees are wintered on the sum.
mer stands In houses built without any
pretensions to warmth, merely afford.
Ing shelter from storm and wet.
About the middle Of last October the
bees were warmly packed in short
straw and chaff by placing a board
wall about eight inches from the rear
Of the hives and filling this space anu
that in front and between the hives
with a mixture Of short straw and
chaff. The space between the hives
in some cases is two inches and In 9th.
ers about five.
A strong cloth was put Oh the frames
and full depth super put on. Then
one or two little woolen blankets, and
then the super was almost filled with
chaff, over which wire cloth was
placed to keep the mice out: then more
chaff, straw and forest leaves till all
was entirely covered up.
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
SEED HEADS OF COLLIER SORGHUM.

SEED HEADS OF COLLIER SORGHUM.
Ing very high percentage OF sugar and
low percentage of glucose or uncrys-
tallizable sugar in the juice. It does
not yield seed abundantly, nor are the
canes large, averaging about pound
in weight. Though elender, canes of
this variety are believed to be tangled,
broken or Frustrated by windstorms
lese often than other canes. There are
some who believe it to be one of the best
varieties for forage.
The Amber Orange originated in q
cross between Early Amber an1 Kansas
Orange. This cane was tested for five
years by the Kansas state experiment
station and was considered one of the
best for sugar manufacture 1t does
not produce seed abundantly.
The Colman, also a cross between
Early Amber and Kansas Orange, is
generally preferred becauee it produces
canes of good size, not tall. with juice
of good quality.
Variety 181 originated in a Cross be-
tween Early Amber and Links Hy brid.
1t is slender. which is fault derived
from Links Hybrid. It ripens rather
early, much earlier than LINKS Hybrid.
Its juice remains good ordinarily long
after the canes are ripe. though stand
ing uncut in the field. The juice has on
an average as large content Of sugar as
the average juice Of Louisiana sugar
cane and much less glucose or uncrys-
ta]lizable sugar.
Folger's Early is also a cross between
Early Amber and Links Hybrid. It
ripens not long after Early Amber and
remains good standing uncut in the
field much longer than Early Amber. It
yields more cane and more seed per acre
than Early Amber. It is considered the
best early maturing variety for general
planting
The Early Amber variety, quick
maturing cane, is liked better in the
north than in the south. It is the best
variety for early ripe cane or for late
planting and for sections in which the
growing season is very short.
These who grow cane mainly for the
seed or grain have very generally Sc
lected Kaffir corn, nonsaccharine vari-
city of sorghum, as being the best for
their purpose. The Dwarf and the
Standard varieties Of broom corn, also
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04

t1On or moist or
mere damp hay is not only possible
and even easy, but that it is possible
to put in hay in such a manner that,
under the right condition Of the wealth
er, it will certainly heat to burning
simply by internal fermentation and
oxidation Of it's carbonaceous matter.
have seen hundreds of mows and
stacks Of hay in my life the center of
which, when taken down for use. has
been Of a dark brown and in some in
stances black and actually charred by
the heat.
1t is frequent occurrence that ships
are burned by spontaneous fires occur
ring in the coal bunkers The fact Is
that damp carbonaceous matters, as
well as oily stuff Of the same kind. will
oxidize so actively as to take fire.
Secondary fermentation will not pro-
duce sufficient heat to cause combus-
ton, so that it is a wise precaution to
have this first fermentation 60 on in
the hay in the field, with the hay in
cocks. The form Of the cock is best
tall and slender, for in this form the
cock will shed heavy rains and yet
keep dry, If the top is protected by a
common hay cap, while low, broad
one is impossible to keep dry even
from few hours rain.
The drawing shows the right shape
Of a haycock and the manner Of max
ing it self shedding Of the rain with a
cap one and half yards square Of
common sheeting. If these shaped
cocks are necessarily out in the wealth
err, they will be safe against weeks Of
wet, If such a misfortune should hap
pen to farmer, for the cap on the top
will turn the water there, and the
sides, we'll raked down, will shed all
the drip. Hay put up in these cocks
will cure perfectly, with no risk of
harm, and once this first fermentation
is over there will be no secondary one,
for dampness afterward will be due to
water only and not to the sap Of the
grass, which Is sufficiently carbona-
ceous to start the requisite fermenta-
ton for the production Of heat. A Sec
ondayy wetting of the hay will cause
mold, but not any fermentation Of the
hay by which heat will be produced.
l am so sure Of the possibility Of
spontaneous combustion Of the hay
that l would be very careful to avoid
the risk Of it by the simple method of
having this fermentation go on in the
field in safely made cock in which
there Is not more than 400 pounds of
hay.
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
acaa aa;ala
MARNsE, GARDEN
dsEEzss sys
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION
Accepted az Fac. In the Hny Barn
and Provided gains

Accepted Hs n Fac. In the Hny Barr,
and Provided Z tE;;iEst.
'There are some things to he accept.
ed on the evidence we have" accord
ing to Henry Stewart. "for II is diff
cult to prove them by actual eye
knowledge" This he would apply TO
the SO called spontaneous combustion
of hay in a barn or stack. He says in
Country Gentleman: 1t is probably the
case that no one ever saw Il barn of
hay taking fire from it's own internal
heat. due to the fermentation and de-
composition Of the carbonaceOus mat
ters Of it when in a damp condition.
But there is a great deal Of evidence,
unquestionably true, which goes to
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
TARRING A WAGON WHEEL.

necessity of having tires reset and in
this way soon saves itself in blacksmith
bills besides preserving the wagon.
The trough, shown in the illustra-
tion. is made of sheet iron. In it he
puts a supply of pine tar, which is
heated over fire to boiling heat. The
wheel is then lacked up, the trough
placed under it and the wheel lowered
so that the tar will cover the felloes.
The wheel is then slowly turned in the
tar, which fills every nick and crevice
in the wood and between the wood and
tire. thus making it impervious to
moisture or air. With brush the hub
is also treated with coat of tar. and
if the wagon is old the spokes also in
lieu of paint.
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
SORGHUM CANE.

Varieties Found Best For Sugar Man.
ufacture.
In five years of experimenting in i'm
proving varieties Of sorghum for sugar
manufacture at the Kansas station a
number were selected which contained
much more sugar III the juice than the
common canes. Sorghum has been and
may be improved for sugar manufac-
ture. 1t may also be improved for sirup
manufacture. The varieties selected for
sugar manufacture were:
The Collier, imported from South
Africa. It is the best or one of the best
varieties for sugar manufacture. hav-
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
SUGAR eEETs.
Points In Growing Them Under Ir.
rigatiOn.

KVbnto An "EO"1"R pHOCT
rigatiOn.
In his interesting report on the prog
ress of the beet sugar industry in the
United States in 1898 Special Agent
Charles F. Saylor says: believe it is
maintained in Europe that beets cannot
be successfully grown under irrigation
at least it is seriously questioned,
but the experience at Lehj, Utah and
Eddy, N. M, has forever exploded that
theory. There is large amount of
land available for the raising of sugar
beets by irrigation in Colorado, Utah.
Montana, Wyoming, western Nebraska
and other states having like conditions.
There are few things that must yet
be learned about the application Of ir-
rigation to growing sugar beets, but
the Obstacles are fast being overcome.
Irrigation is especially adapted to rails
ing sugar beets where the particular
region is favored with rainfall at plant.
ing time. Experience has demonstrated
that irrigation should be held off as
long as possible and applied as little as
possible. Water should not be applied
W uAUI4 luC AdLuldl
has failed, and even then the grower
must be careful not to apply too much.
which is as disastrous as not enough.
have learned by talking with those
experienced in the application of water
by irrigation that the land tends to dry
out qrickjy after being irrigated and
to become packed hence cultivation
m In no hi s,f< f<1~.
irrigation. 1t has been noticed that the
beet has d tendency to send down its
lap root deep into the soil, and especial
y is this true in the earlier stages, if
the necessities of the case demand it.
in order to procure moisture. But if the
water is applied too lavishly in the be-
ginning this tendency of the Eeet is ar
rested and it shows disposition to rely
on the artificial supply of moisture near
the surface rather than to seek its own
at greater depths. Thus irrigation may
interfere with natural tendency that
IL desirable in the growth anG maturity
of the beet. The effect will be under
these circumstances, that the taproot
will divide and the beets become bunchy
and sprangled, assuming form entire
~ undesirable. The beet may show a
tendency to droop its leaves slightly
and to become lighter in color, but this
does not indicate that irrigation is
needed. Irrigation must not be resorted
to until necessity demands it. Whiting
of the leaves or curling up of the same
does not necessarily indicate need of ir.
rigation. If the beet RECEIVERS its vigor
in the evening, it is sufficient indica
tion that it is getting along all right
When it begins to suffer from drought,
the tendency will be to droop and get
darker in color, and it will not appa-
rently recover in vigor with the ap-
proach of the cool evening. This is the
time to consider the question of apply
ing irrigation.
In regions where the beets are started
in the spring with moisture from rain
fall it is the aim Of the grower to pro-
duce his crop with four or five irriga-
tions Of the beets. After they begin to
ripen all irrigation must cease, for the
same reason that makes it undesirable
to have rainfall after the beets are ripe
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04

prove the posi-
bility Of such an
occurrence. In
my own expert.
ence l have had
a barn filled with
clover hay which
came SO near TAX
ing fire and ac-
tually breaking
out in flame that
since then l am
positively sure
that the SPY n
taneOus conIbus.
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
The Leafless and Tri

The Leafless and Triumph Radishes.
A comparison was recently made by
Rural New Yorker between the two
unique varieties Of radish-viz, Tri-
umph and Leatless. This showed that
both kinds are early and that there Is
but little difference between them. the
Leatless being about three days earlier.
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
Seeding stin Clay Soil to Grass.

Prepare the soil as for wheat in Au-
gust, and in early September SOW 10
quarts per acre Of timothy and brush
and roll it in. In March SOW six quarts
medium red clover on light snow or
light honeycombing frost. If for pas
ture, SOW 80 quarts per acre Of blue
grass seed in September with the tim
othy.-Ohio Farmer.
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04

To Preserve Wagon Wheels.
Farm, Field and Fireside tells Of a
method Of preventing wagon wheels
from shrinking in dry weather, which
a North Carolina man says avoids the
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
AMBER ORANGE. CoLMAN. FoLGER's EARLY

AMBER ORANGE. COLMAN. FOLGERs EARLY.
nonsaccharine varieties Of sorghum.
have been selected by manufacturers Of
brooms as being decidedly superior to
all others for their purpose. Those who
grow sorghum for forage, for tstover"
or ''roughness" and also those who
grow sorghum for sirup manufacture
have not yet learned which kinds of
sorghum are superior for their purpose
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04
Hiving swarms ON Hot Days.

When hiving swarms on hot days, IL
the bees cluster on the front of the hive
and hesitate to so in, do not hurry
them too much, They are excited and
hot and want plenty Of air. Raise mp
the iront Of the hive an inch or two
and shade them with a board, and when
they get cooled off they will 90 In. AL
ways make il comfortable for swarms
It ia the only holiday they take during
the eutire year, says New England
Homestead,
The Billings gazette., 1899-08-04

LEAFLE6o RADISH-TRlUMPH RADlSH.
Now The Rural illustrates the two
showing little bunch of tho Triumph
and single specimen Of the Leahess.
The quality II much the same, tho
Leafiess being Il rich, darklsh crimson.
the Triumph white and crimson, yari.
ously splashed and dotted, Tho latter
10 nearly round. the other generally oh.
long. Doubtless a larger quantity Of
the Leatiess may be grown on a given
plot because Of its scanty leaves. The
question Of relative value seems 10 Dc.
pend upon which would sell more read
lly In the market, the solid colored
Leatiess or the varleHatcd Triumph.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1899-09-22
TO DECEIVE JAILER.
ingenious Means by which Prison rs
Are Supplied with Contrnband
Articles.

Smuggling at the county Jail is the
bane Of Jailer Whitman and his watch
ful assistants. says the Chicago Record.
Opium is the principal contra band ar
ticle. and whisky and cigarettes also
seek to enter under harmless guises
= with the gifts Of food the inmates often
receive. The jailer's latest conuiscatiCn
was coffee pot with false bottom
stuffed with black opium pills. The
false bottom is an ancient idea. but
Mr.. Whitman says this is the first time
he has seen it applied TO a coffee pot.
Ono of the woman prisoners had the
drug Struggled in TO her, but sus-
picious dent which failed to cause q
natural leak in the pot excited the sus-
picion Of the food inspector, and the
secret compartment was discovered.
resting for false bottoms is made by
sounding the bottoms, also by measure
ing the depth with little spears. The
latter method often discloses TASKS of
whisky submerged in pals Of SOUP.
Sardine and fruit cans must. be opened
TO see that they have not been filled
with opium and soldered up again. In
season long strings of opium berries
come twined in. with lunches of grapes
The hollows of bones are favorite hid
ing places. y recent discovery was of a
tiny opium case in q shoe heel.
Visitors in the visitors cage are fire.
qucntlS allies in eludirg the Jail Off
Gals. The flask with rubber tube at
tadhment is the. usual device. The flask
rests i'll the breast pocket Of the visitor
as he presses close to the separating
bars. The tube is passed through by
means Of stiff wire, and while the two
men stand apparently in earnest COM
versation the prisoner sucks in the for
hidden liquor.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1899-09-22
THE NEWSPAPER Law.
All Subscribers Should Read the
Following Law and Avoid Trouble.

All Subscribers Should Read the
Following Law and Avoid Trouble.
l. All subscribers who do not
give express notice to the contrary
are considered wishing to continue
their subscription.
2. IT subscribers order Inc discon.
tlnuance of their periodical the pub
Usher may continue to send it until
all arrearages are paid.
3. II subscribers refuse or neglect
to take their periodicals. from the
Office to which they are directed, they
are responsible until they have set
tied their bills and ordered them dis
continued.
4. Subscribers moving to othe
places without informing the pub
Usher, and the papers are sent to the
former address, they are held re-
ponsible.
D. The courts have decided that
refusing to take periodicals from the
Office or removing and leaving them
uncalled for, is prina facie evidence
of intended fraud.
6. If subscribers pay in advance
they are bound to give notice at the
end of the time they do not wish to
continue taking it, and the subscriber
will be responsible until an express
notice with ali arrearages are sent to
the publisher.
Z. The latest postal laws are such
that newspaper publishers can arrest
anyone for fraud who takes paper
and refuses to pay for it.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1899-09-22
To Whom it May Concern,
STATE LAND OFFICE.

Il.
CARSON CITY. Nevada, August 81, 1899,
=, Notice is hereby given that the State OF
Nevada, under the Act of Congress APPROX
ed June 10, 1880 (21 Stats. 287), has fled in
the United States Land ONCE at Carson
City, Nevada, List No. 232 OF lands selected
under said Act, and has applied for O pat
ent Tor said lands; that part Of said. list is
open to the public for inspection, aud a
copy thereof, by descriptive subdivisions,
mas been posted In convenient place in
said United States Land Office for the in
spectlon OF all persons interested and the
public generally,
:. Within the next sixty days following the
date OF this notice protests or contests
against the claim of said State VI Nevada
to any tract or subdivision described in the
list, on the ground that the same is more
valuable foB mineral than agricultural pur-
poses, Will be received and noted by the
register and Receiver Of the United States
Land ONCE at Carson City, Nevada, for re-
port to the General Land ONCE at Wash
ington, d. @. -
The following are the subdivisions de-
scribed, to wit: ......
E. a of 8. E. u Sec. 20, the e. n of N. T..
and e. "A OF 8. T.. u SEQ. 81, N. w. a of
N. w. q SEQ. %, Lot OF N. w. q Sec. 2, E..
OF N. +. and 4. u of S. f. q Sec. % II.
90 N. r. 50 e. M. d. b. & M.-482. 90 acres.
E. d. KELLEY,
State Land Register OF the State of Nevada,
Date Of first insertion, September l, 1892
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1899-09-22
The Coming shirt-waist.

Waists are shirt-like in their plain
ness, though some are made fanciful
with the addition of dressy collars and
revers. Linen collars are worn. as well
rs those of plain ribbon. which merely
cross in the back and lap over i'm the
front, where they are held with small
lace pins. Leather belts are seen more
with the shirt waists than are the fancy
ones of last year-Woman's Home
COmDa MON.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1899-09-22
JOINT STATEMENT
soF THE
Auditor and Treasurer of
E1kO County
For Quarter Ending juno 30, 1899.
STATE OF NEVADA, }
COUNTY OF ELKo. 3d.
AUDITORS OFFICE,

AUDIIORS OFFICE,
ELKo, July 3, 1899.
To the Honorable Board of County
Commissioners of Elko county, New. ;
GENTLEMEN:-We herewith submit
our Qarterly Report Of the Finances
of the county for the quarter ending
June 30, 1899.
Respectfully submitted,
&. A. WATKINS. Auditor.
A. G. DAwLEY. Treasurer.