davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-05-17

who wish to study these subjects to
the reports of specialists which have
been presented at former meetings, or
the Bulletins of the q. S. Department
of Agriculture and the Experiment
Stations.
In fact, the present attitude of many
orange growers is fifty described by
Mr.. Moreman, of the cOmmitte, who
says: "There is only one disease that
concerns me now, the occasional alb
sence of calOric in the surrounding at
mosphere." Mr.. Beed of the commit
tee describes some of the resulting con-
ditions as follows:
''All the trees in this vicinity are
budded on sour stock and are not trou-
bled with foot rot. With us the trees
kept dying back nearly all of the first
summer after the freeze, but since
then we have had no trouble except in
cases of hard freezes when the bud or
sprout would be killed below, while
above it would remain green and grow
for awhile. One party here had a
strange experience with a good many
of his buds, when they were one and
two years old. Most of those affected
were buds that had had Melanose.
When they were banked they were in
in to Of will n SbnunI
and bruised and the next spring when
they were unbanked, there would be
quite decayed place around the br lis
es.
Well, during the summer they COM
menced to bleed and the lark would
decay, and finally become entirely
girdled.
Some trees, however, would bleed and
die that had not been bruised in any
way, and in some instances would de-
cay all around without bleeding or
showing any sign Of there being any
thing wrong. We laid it to their hav-
ing had Melanose, though 1 hardly
think that could have been the entire
cause.
The only thing that bothers us here
about banking trees is wood lice.
Where they don't girdle tree entirely
they eat good many places in them,
and that seems to sicken them more or
less. Last winter I tried lime and
lime and sulphur together but neither
one did any good. Another year 1
think I shall try sprinkling with Paris
green and some other substance to
make it stick to the tree. The only
thing [ see against that is it may kill
the beneficial bugs and insects after
unbanking again"
These conditions occur in the ham,
mocks of the Halifax river and are
found in greater or less degree on high
as we'll as low lands all over the
State. Sweet Seeding stocks that were
affected with foot rot have in many
situations collapsed and trees that
were not affected before the '95 freeZ-
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09
AMERICAN BUTCHERY,

we nave heretofore been noted chiefly
Tor our slaughter-pens for hogs and
cattle. at Cincinnati Chicago and other
cities: now we are opening and estab-
fishing slaughter-pens at Manila and
other points In the Philippine Islands
ior human beings. The accounts from
all sides describe our butchery of the
Philippines as frightful and merciless
including women and children in an
indiscrminate bloody butchery. That
duty. or honor, or any sort of proper
obligation can demand this work of
massacre at our hands, is as absurd as
1t is blashphemous. That ambition must
wade through slaughter to a throne.
And shut the gates of mercy on man.
kind"
or curb it's hcllish aspirations we know;
but it is Incredible and inconccivable
that such things can be done in behalf
of right, justice, honor. duty. liberty
and self -Government. Yet we are told
that this Wholesale murder i'm the East
is perpetrated in recognition to our
sacred obligations to humanity. in
CURED by 4 fraudulent deal in 'sover
eighty ut Paris. by forcible annexation
at Manila and Ilolo: and criminal
aggression upon Philippines, who de-
mand their freedom and declare their
independence.
They who take to the sword. shall
perish by 1t. Heaven avert that fate
from us. Yet it cannot be veraciousIv
denied that we have taken to the
sword" in reckless and defiant con-
tempt and violation Of the divine warn
ing given us. If ever men diligently
and cunningly contrived and sought n
situation as II preteXt for usurption.
tyranny and blood, this Federal admin
istration did so ut Manila and at Paris
ACTUALLY forcing and bribing Spain
to be n party to n fraudulent trans
action. to that end, in Philippine SOW
ereignty,' In which SPAIN HAD
NOTHING. as against us or the Phil
ippinos: Whatever title she may once
nave had. having been Cancelled by the
act of God, or by war.
Did we obtain a license from Spain
for such butchery. by paying her n
fee of S2o0O0,OOO? Or does our dutv 70
honor. or our obligation to humanity.
impose such sanguinary slaughter upon
us? The Philippines are crying, to
heaven and earth against us. The
trighttul record is being made up
against us by heaven and earth: and
we may now hear the voice OF God and
mat OF posterity, In the Judgment OF
foreign nations and the blood crying
from the earth in LuZon.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09


In two years we will be engaged in
inauEuraiing President OF the United
States. and it will not require any in.
trtcatc work to successfully guess The
name Of the gentleman.-Washingt
Post. March ith
No. IT Will be easy guessing. indeed
If no real election. nor real nominn-
ton. occur in the interval But tba
Republican party is showing some in
dications of n disposition to kick. and
do q lite nominating on their own
account, without leaving that wholly
10 Hanna and Alger and the non
electoral colored delegates secured bv
forestallinS speculation and contract
labor devices in the South. A pretty
strong feeling is growing, among East
ern and Northern Republicans parti
cularly, in favor of regulations i'm the
next national Republican conventions
that will exclude the Importation of
pauper colored and contract labor in
competition with the white free ele
ments of the North. East and West
that have 10 do the electing after the
other fellows have cut out their work
for them.
The Post evidently takes it for
granted that nomination and election
Will only be pro forma next year, as
heretofore; but if this Republicans
really do their own nominating in 1900,
on the people their own electing,-in
either case the Post will wisely leave
blank spaces in the inscriptions For
March 4. 1901. until all the returns are
in from the election in November. 1900
BESIDES. it's only decent to wait untn
one is ut least nominated. before in
augurating him.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09
THE CRY FOR MORE.

There Is an irrepressible demand for
more in the human breast, and il not
for this, or that, IT is sure to be for
something else. But when n man is
reduced to crying for more punctuation
marks, as it is said n French writer
Is doing. the end of all things must be
approaching. Times began to look
parlous (perilous) some time ago, when
certain over particular people said we
were pcrishing for another pronoun
The Frenclman. just alluded to, wants
n punctuation mark, to precede q sar-
castle or ironical sentence, so as to
notify readers in advance of the char
acter of what is coming,-as the Span
ish put sign of Interrogation before,
rs we'll as after, a question.
ARENAS Ward used to say boldly.
This is succasm." So. If the French
man, who wants an additional punctu-
alton mark. cannot otherwise get his
readers to distinguish between his
earnest and his sarcastic paragraphs.
let him mark the latter as Artemas
Ward did. 1t is too much that he
should impose upon the world another
punctuation mark, because he lacks the
SIKH to write as he means. Besides.
why, TO oblige him, should all writer's
be forced to say when they are sor-
castle, or be taken in earnest? 1t Is a
gross invasion of literary privilege.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09

anything that can promote their afro
cities. or lessen the ignominy and
infamy they should incur in the opin-
Ion of honest and honorable men.
The United States of America had n
glorious birth: 1t has long stood as the
great representative OF human liberty
seif-government and the independence
OF States and nations; the party in
power had its genesis in extreme theo-
ries OF the equal rights of all men, and
signalized it's first grasp of power to
free and to invest with the equal cleo
tive franchise an inferior. colored Afri-
can race; and it is the party and the
men protesting and proclaiming this
extreme principle of American liberty
that now are apos ia tizing. to the
shame of liberty and their country, to
the ruthless enforcement OF Il cruel i'm
peria!ism never before so fiercely con-
demned as when they sought power and
first obtained it,
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09

taking scholars have in recent years
disprovcd most of this Evolutionary and
mythical lore, but unfortunately re-
search has not yet been able 10 estab-
fish beyond controversy much positive
knowledge in the matter
The preponderance of opinion of bib
liographers seems to be that for the
invention of movable types in printing
and for the first use of the invention
Holland must have the honor. and
Haarlem in Holland. is the city to
which the honor is usually ascrbed.
But the processes of the early printers
OF Holland were crude and unprogres-
sive. Accordingly they attracted but
little attention. The place where print
ing was first practiced with success,
the place that first acquired q reputa
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09

ton as seat of the art, the place from
which principally the art spread to
other cities in Europe. was Mayence
on the Rhine. in Germany, and John
Gutenberg. of Mayence, is generally
thought to be the worlds first great
printer. Closely associated with Gut
enberg in the carly days of the art were
two other citizens of Mayence, Fust
and Schoeffer.
The earliest printed document that
has come down to modern times--that
is. the earliest with II date affixed to
it's an indulgence" printed in li5i
This piece of printing is supposed to
have issued from the press OF Gutcn-
berg. The first pVntcd book, with
date, place of printing and name OF
printer all affixed TO it, is psaltor,
issued in li57, from the press of rust
and Schoeffer. Unfortunately, no pro-
duction bearing the name OF Guten-
berg printed upon 1t +, known to exist:
From the foregoing it will be seen
that the art of printing had been os-
tab!'Shed in Mayence t"enty years be-
fore the date when, according to our
text. Caxton left Bruges for his native
country. During these twenty years
the art had spread from Mayence far
and wide. II had been established In
Cologne. Rome, Venice Paris. and. in
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09

There will hardly be an extra session
of Congress. This administration thinks
that even the most obsequious and sub
serVient Congress Is an unnecessary In
cumbrance of government. 1t can con-
strue, imply and assume enough to
satisfy all its needs; and then Con
gress in session is always n check on
an imperial policy. The new Congress
is Republican in name by goodly ma
jorities; but suppose 1t be not Republi
can after the order of Hanna, Alger.
Mckinley & Co.? That is quite on the
cards. In fact. it is quite possible that
the more truly Republican the new
Congress be, the less disposed 1t will be
10 register IIanna's DEGREES. Ayers
commands. and McKinley's flats.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09
POPULAR
STUDIES IN LITERATURE.
11-cAXTON.
THE OLD PRINTERS OF WESTMINSTER
BY JOHN EBENEzER BRYANT.
NJ. a.
Toronto Ontario.

Early in 1476 Caxton appears ia have
taken leave of the city where he had
resided for five and thirty years and
to have returned to his native land
iaden with more precious freight than
the most opulent NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
ever dreamt of, to endow his country
with blessing greater than any other
Wnlch mad ever been bestowed save
only the introduction of Christ;ani,v"
Blades.
The above words from the pcn of hin,
to whom the world is alr,os, wholly
indebted for what il knows Of Caxtons
ne and work-that is to say. for what
IL Knows that is authentic-nay he
taken as the substance OF the fundn
mental facts of that life and work.
t"r our purpose they constitute a sort
Va teN'. me best We can have. upon
which to base what We have ~ cav
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09
REDUCED FACSIMILE FROM THE cANrrpr1-ny M re.
Is second

and what we shall. do in these short
papers is simply to expand and illus
trate this text
The city referred to is Brugcs in
FLANDERS. at that time in the posses
sion of the dukes OF Burgundy. Brugcs
was the seat OF government of the
dukcdom and n. great center of trade
and commerce: also of literature and
bookmaliing. The blessing referred
to is. of course, the art of printing.
which art Caxton had recently learned
in Bruges.
The history of the invention and early
practice of the art of printing is OBJ
scure and uncertain At one time-not
so very Ions aso-many myths and
traditions clustered round the subject
and were unQuestioninEly believed in.
The researches of learned and PAINS
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09
FRCNTls,PIECD TO CARTOONS FA-
BIIES OF AESOP."

In March, 14G9. while he was still
governor of the English nation" at
BruSeS, CaNton began IL work which,
though it was only undertaken as a
labor OF love by him, was destined to
prove an epoch-maklng event in the de-
velCpment of English thought and the
worlds civilization-the translation i'll
TO English of the Histories of Troy"
These Histories of Troy" were ro-
mantle legends which a few years be-
fore had been gathered together and
translated out of Latin into French by
4 Raoul LIE Fevre, chaplain to Il late
duke Of burgundy. Caxton in his pro-
losue to his translation has set forth
The object he had in view in making
the translation. We present his words
in full. They are interesting not only
iii themselves as n specimen OF English
composition four centuries and 4 quar-
ter old, hut also as giving the thoughts
Of n man who. because of the purpose
which they implied. WIS about to take
step of mOmentous consequence in
the history of the world:
w nan | remembre that query man Is
bounden by The commandment of cOun-
ceyii OF the wySc man to eschewe
alouthc and ydclness whyche Is moder
ana nourySshar OF wees and ought to
put myself vnto vertuous occupation
and besyncsse. Than l hauynge no
CRETE charge of occupation folowynge
the sayd cOunceyil, Toxic Il frenche bolSe
and reddc therein many strange and
mcrusyilous historyes wherein I had
crete pleasyr and dclyte, as we'll for
the noueltc of the same as for the fayr
langage of frcnshe. whyche was in
prose so well and compendiously settle
ana wrcton, whichc me thought I un-
derstood the sentence and substance of
query mater, And for 80 moche as this
Dooke was newc and late maad and
drawer into frenshe. and ncuer had
seen nit in onre- ena5liosh tongue. 1
thought in myself hit shod he good
besynes to translate hyt into cure
english, to thende that hyt might be
had as well in the royame of IInglond
as in other landes, and also for to passa
thcrwyth the tyne, and thus concluded
in myself to beSynne this sayd worke."
N"te-Ihis paper will be concluded
tomorrow.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09

press and the casting of his first font
of type.
The date of his birth is unknown, bur
MI. Blades fixes it at about 1922. The
only certain date of his early life is
the year of his entrance upon his APP
premiership This was 1888. In that year
he was taken into the household OF
Robert Large. n rich and influential
merchant OF London. who had been
sheriff, and in time became Lord
Mayor
The great merchants of those days
were nearly all of them members Of
chartered companies. or guilds" such
rs the MERGERS Ghen. as now, the
strongest and most influential of all the
guilds, the Grocers'. the Diapers, the
Ftshmongers', the Goldsmiths', etc.
Among other characteristics these
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09

fact. in most of the cities OF Europe.
CaXton learned the art of printing in
BruScs from Colard Mansion, a famous
caliiGraphist. or manuscript writer. OF
Bruges. Tho date At which Mansion
first set up his press is unknown. but
it is supposed 10 have been about 1i72
or l41S. Mansions knowledge of the art
was not obtained from Maycnce. or
from any of the Mayencc school Of
printers. His art was crudcr and more
individual than that OF the MaEencc
printers. and is supposed TO have been
acquired In some way from the origi-
nal Dutch printers. 1t is very possible
as we shall sec later on, that Mansion
was first directed toward the employ
ment of the art by Caxton. Z I'D that
Caxton aided him in the expenses nee
cssary for the setting UP of his first
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09

gurus We're very exclusive and select
IN their acceptance of apprentices.
Large was "a mercer and the son or a
mercer" and the fact that Caxton was
received into his house and became n
members of his household shows that
he was Il lad of good social position. A
fellow apprentice. bound upon the same
day as CaXton himself was bound
was Larges own son.
In 11i1 Large died and in that same
year probably) CaXton went abroad
aid settled In Bruges. He was not
freed from his apprenticeship by his
masters death, but the particulars of
his service as an apprentice abroad, no
well as of much of his subsequent life.
are unknown 1t is known however.
that III Brugcs he became an influential
ana trusted representative of English
commerce. English trade in foreign
PARTS was in those days principally car
ried on by chartered company known
as the Merchant Adventures" or the
Merchant Adverturers" the MERGERS
were the principal constituents. CaN-
ton, who soon received the freedom of
me Alercers' guild. in time became the
neau OF those merchant adventurers''
mat were doing business in Bruges. or.
as IL was styled, the gov nor OF the
GhSiiSn nation. In this capacity he
seems to have been much honored and
much trusted. He had to act as magis-
trate in the settlement of all disputes
arising between his felidw-countrymen
lie even represented the Merchant
Adventures and the king In effectnE
treaties with the dukes of Burgundy.
This was perhaps us honorable o. public
service rs Il man of ,Caxtons social
standing could possibly obtain. for the
commercial interests of England in
Flanders were at that time her chief
foreign interests.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09
KIND, FAITHFUL AND BRAVE.

The 9TH Of March, 1899. and still an
other snow! a heavy snow: and yet it
SHOWS, How beautiful; but, Oh! how
cruel. Wrapping the earth in q mantle
of exquisite crmine, and outlining every
tree. bush, twig and tendril in white, it
presents n vision of purity and lowell
ness to all who in the comfort and Sc
curity of homo look out upon 1t; but
to tho one who Is exposed to it, with
out shelter, its icy folds and freezing
breath bring misery. agony, despair
and death. Even they who seem and
feel best protected from its insidious at
tackS, arc also liable to fall victims to
its pitless trcachcry, and perhaps 1t
was the snow that slew the noble
Glcnnan, who died at his post. brave
and faithful to the last, refusing to
seek safety in flight to more genial
climes. where snow does not intrude
Afflicted with n malady susceptible to
changes in metcorology and tempera-
ture. the extraordinary cold and snow
of this winter crcpt TO his gentle and
loving heart. and translated him to the
heaven that received him with re-
joicings, as earth mourned his depar-
ture. Yet his name remains benedic-
ton, and his memory will be a sweet
incense foreveri
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09

pours down. draw up around the fire
and sing John Howard Payne's ode to
Home. Sweet Home;"-all the sweeter
forever by his simple. but earnest and
sincere tribute from a heart which put
its own throb in the music. to whose
time all human hearts have since
beaten in unison.
Home, home, sweet home;
There is no place like home!"
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09
q Tno7 agynrHs S1s tas

Oh ds'"7 [<syg's1tSt9 WE WV
ET $40 @iS eta,non oaeRpcs 81 ee,
" & Dino Of eio fdeaU ORR ] rsi,er se nsSs
S7srV We fRat J sao7 ] Blue an t3gr 6p
NnH soe7 tt>cet 70 haue $40 Bdn )
aAr az ttae leont d O. rtgss fuTT5 q gap
Of caaepnse anoq Of esesr sooe7 aras
otof6 map ! tocts an eois Tp on tsp1 Go,
Gno foaa tHe oeaHr foas COTS fRTe q esc3
mSle a te roan anY Of a csopp estbe
WgO 70 il sfH tots reaecr R,bs
Ano Of Hfp ifoens stsmf "a fasr csS
Ro ti'dh a,sa,nfAsa ts Is D. inttfGpfss
asat Fsopng fatnS Cef5 taasa me e Grs
Snt J eaus no Soot, 'bap e'ae s:Sss J Gs,Y
Gno ssf d'ti efispsGo7 f. fes teeoa,
OF s"sa7 fiat eaeorasN fw,1sp
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09
TWELVE PAGES
THURSDAY. MARCH ., 1899.
"HOME, SWEET HOME.'

Who that has n home, loving It al
ways, does not love it more and more
us all without grows harsh and inhos-
pitablc? II Is when the outside world
is rudest and most affecting, that home
delights, by contrast, become supremest
joys. The shivcring wretch who tolls
SO laboriously through the deepening
snow, would be happy saw he n home.
no matter how humble. waiting to wei
come him to it's Preside; but he has
no such goal, and is fighting for life
with every step. He dare not stop, lest
he perish In his tracks: and IL charity
will not open a door for him. exhaus-
ton at last will throw him to the
ground and the cold will Stay him by
slow torture. No wonder that in re-
sentiment against such treatment. as
we'll as in self-preservation, he COM
mits crime; for that will al least open
n jail to him, and supply him with
shelter, warmth and food.
Alas. for the homeless, be they in
nocent or criminal. They suffer all the
same; and one should feel ashamed of
selhshly enjoying the beautitudes OF
home without extending succor TO the
rooiess. If we do not rescue even the
worst of sinners in distress. how are
We any better than they? And IL beg
gars must not be choosers, so should
we be blind to whether the objects of
our help be good or bad. Saints are
rare in every condition of lifc and our
charity will be small indeed. If reserved
for them only. In spite of much talk
to the contrary. that benevolence is
best, which. like the gentle dews from
heaven, fall equally upon the just and
the unjust, taking care only that our
relief or aims be not n temptation and
n snare to the sufferer. No home. nor
hearth. can warm the heart that knows
not charity; and no blessing can be
fully enjoyed that is not shared, as that
is doubtful if even only n stray dog
partake of 1t with us, rs welcome
guest
but aside from these altruistlc con
alterations and contrasts, home, our
refuge in every time of need, our har-
Dor In NIL stress and storm, and the
centre OF
IAN thoughts, all passions. NIL delights
Whatever stlrs this mortal frame.
And all that minister to Love,
And feed his sacred fiamc,''-
1t Is an inestimable treasure-the bull
wark OF domestic bliss, and the Palla-
dunn OF defence against all the Ills of
life. Who does not agree with Mont
gomery?
"There is q spot Of earth supremely
blest,
a dearer. sweeter spot than all the
rest;
Here woman reigns; the mother, daugh-
ter, wife,
Strew with fresh flowers the narrow
way of life;
In the clear heaven of her delightful
eye,
An angel-guard Of loves and graces lie;
Around her knees domestic duties meet,
And Preside pleasures gambol at her
feet.
Where shall that land, that spot of
earth, be found?
Art thou n man? patriot?-loolS
around:
o. thou shalt find, howe'er thy footsteps
roam,
That land thy country. and that spot
thy home!"
And so says Goldsmith:
"Such is the patriots boast whereer we
roam,
His first. best country,ever is at home"
Az the winds Shrek and the snow
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1899-03-09

p,es o,e 7ssat, fIIaiDsel o. 1astyas 70 f5eong
pies oeGOuu amD e rossse, oe Cahfbnrl Die
s1prpntio asssr f fu,sse oE f)ta pre {etsre 1nfie
kn lneI aso haa nrreo, bni ousYss to Ngfr,o>
1aem III 10 fb aIta,osleG9e attRre nzs arlofe CHAT
baae ftesu 5000 tfbew -