The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-08-20

son determines exactly the variety OF germ
and the prediction can be accurately made
as to the time OF the next chill after
study OF the stage OF development OF the
germ.
Some Of the germs put forth nageila, or
tails which waggle about in the blood cur
rent OF the victim and finally break of from
the parent body. Then these tails propel
themselves about In the blood stream until
a full grown parasite Is met. when an en-
deavor IL made to hammer way through
its walls When the Hagclla succeeds II Is
believed II Is carrying out the act OF Ter
tilization.
Thus inocuiated, the crow 10 considered a
At subject for another crop OF mosquitoes,
which may suck the malarial germs from
their victims blood and, after the interme-
diate process, be ready to inoculate other
birds, as the investigation Is carried on one
doctors say, and that is that the mosquito
cannot directly inoculate malaria from an
infected person or bird to another Although
the mosquito may have malarial germs IN
it's stomach, 1t cannot transmit them until
the process Of reproduction has been gone
through with and the germs get into the
salivary glands.
Usually the birds are not injured by the
incubation and survive to serve the pur-
poses of the doctors for further experiment
tations. The remaining mosquitoes are
killed of without conjunction or protest
from anti vivisectiOnists Some experiment
CTS nave uuu tntlT DlTub W luc oe-
verify OF the disease thus introduced into
their systems.
Investigate ton Of the transmits OF ma
laria by mosquitoes was suggested by the
following facts as set forth by DR.. William
8. Thayer Of Baltimore in a paper on ma
laria read before the Maryland Public
Health Association:
Mosquitoes invariably exist in malarious
regions, and the malarial fevers are more
prevalent at those periods when the mos
quitoes are most abundant; they are espe-
cially numerous in the regions about
swamps and marshes, where tho dangers Of
Infection are greatest. In malarious dis
trict there Is greater danger of infection at
about shutdown and at night but sunset and
night are periods at which mosquitoes are
highly active. The dangers Of infection are
greater near the ground than In elevated
positions, but mosquitoes are more numer-
Gus near the ground. The danger OF in
fection is greater on quiet nights than in
windy weather, but wind Is particularly I'M
favorable to the mosquito.
"Emin Pasha was 90 convinced that the
bite of the mosquito played an important
part In the etiology OF malarial fever In
Africa, that he always travelled with
mosquito net, and escaped the disease. Big
Mani, further. has noted that In certain parts
Of Italy workmen who live In conical huts,
with hole at the top, through which the
smoke Of their little IRE passes. are unusu-
ally free from the disease, while those
about them may be almost universally at
-
Is one Of the surest projections against
mosquitoes
Koch, who last year devoted some
months in Africa to the study OF
probability Of this hypothesis. He says:
The more l study this disease the more
! incline toward the opinion that the lat
ter transference Of the infection by means
of the mosquto) Is the main, probably the
only, method. Wherever one goes, he finds
| tropical malaria and the mosquito present
together. On the coast Tin East Africa)
there are several places which are free
and of Chole, which lies upon the southern
extremity OF the island OF Malta. This Is
the only place on the coast where could
sleep without mosquito net. In the
mountains malaria stops at exactly that
point where no mosquitoes are to be found.
Inland malaria diminishes together with
the mosquitoes. At those times OF the year
when there are many mosquitoes malaria
| is more Bevero.
THE natives Of Usambara Mountain often
acquire the disease when they descend to
| the lowlands They believe 1t to be due
to the bites Of the mosquitoes, and call the
disease by the same name which they give
| to the mosquto-'nbu.
Fortunately, 1t is believed that malaria
| is the only disease transmitted by live
mosquitoes. Filaria sanguinis hominis,
hemorrhagic disease, is communicated by
| dead mosquitoes that impregnate water
with the germs, which are fatal to them
| selves. Apparently the mosquitoes are not
| affected by the malaria germs which they
breed.
Study OF the carrying of malarial infec-
| ton by mosquitoes has led to the conclu-
| sion that in this way alone is malaria
| communicated to human beings. 1t is
| said that demonstrations have proved con-
| clusively that mals-'a cannot be acquired
| by drinking impure water or by inhalation.
| Only one way remains then. It Is said, for
| the germ to get beneath the skin OF
human being, and that 10 by an insects
| bite. AS the mosquito Is the most COM
| mon insect In malarious regions, at It's
| door Is laid the charge Of injecting human
| beings by It's bite.