davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1899-10-14
UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS
Beautiful Residence Property 20 be
Put on tho Market Next Week.

! 4 Moore, ~ the Moore Invest
ment Co. has been as busy ms n bee
al this week. prepa ring for tho rush
which 10 sure 10 follow when Uni
versity Heights II placed on the mar
ket next week
Not for years has there been tho
interest in now addition that has
resulted In tho ease Of tfniveraltv
Heights. II Ia generally recognized
that this property win form ono Of
the most charming University towns
IN the United states, and for this
reason aa well as on account Of its
many natural advantages Of loaa-
.tion, it~is In Hr0ns demand.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1899-10-14
MeLean a Tax podeer.

COLUMBUS. O.. oct 1.-THE Re-
publican campaign managers have
given out what they claim is pho-
tographla fac Emilc 81 John H. Nc
Leans return Of personal property
in Hamilton county
The caption Of The fac s.mtlo says
that "out " Sl0.0)n00O in stocks.
bonds and other personal property
his (Mot.ean'H )privatc secretary. T..
Wisuewsli only returns Fi,6i7 for the
taxes" Mclean IS referred to az
Ohio's npi9n tax dodgon.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1899-10-14

a British tourist wandered into tho
Rustlcr's Retreat. In an Arizona
town, recently. and l0ngul5ly usllrd
for a 'iRh bail. Jake" called the
accommodating harlocper to his as
sitant. the gent wants a eyeblu. I
dunno what fer. but he wants II. co
out and Ike tcha Cblnaman"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1899-10-14

pr Coidsehncller OF tho Univer-
sity Of Vienna, says that in % out OF
leo cascs ot Illness the presence Of a
light I'm the sick room allevlatea the
suffering of a patient. lie says also
that II children prefer a light In their
Sleeping foom they should have L.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1899-10-14

Kansas has more pensioners In pro-
portion to It's population than any
other state in the union. aud they get
more money on the average than the
pensioners ot-anY other state.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1899-10-14
AIUsEMnNr BuLIEriS.

THIRD AVENUE THEATER
(TonlghO-The Flints. hypnotlsts.
SEATTLE THEATER CTonighD
"A Breezy Time"
FIRST SEATTLE EXPOSITION.
Armory Hall afternoon and evening.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1899-10-14
House RepienishIng Sale

Don't these crisp, cool nights remind you
OF the necessity OF buying Blankets and
Comforts now
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1899-10-14

NEW YoRK. oct 1.-THE
yacht race has been declared
on FOR today, No wind.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

When they don't your achole body
must suffer.
If you are sick, doctor your kidneys,
because as soon as they are well they
will help all the other organs to health
The mild and extraordinary effect of
DR.. Kilmer's Swamp-Root, the great
kidney remedy, is soon realized. 1t
stands the highest for its wonderful
cures of the most distressing cases and
is sold by druggists in ffty-cent and
one-dollar bottles. Make a note of the
name, SWAMP-ROOT, DR.. Kilmer's
Swamp-Root.
You may have sample bottle of this
famous kidney remedy sent free by
mail, postpaid by which you may test
its virtues for such disorders as kidney,
bladder and uric acid diseases, and uri-
nary troubles. obliged to pass water
frequently night and day, smarting or
irritation in passing, brickdust or sedi-
ment in the urine, constant headache,
backache, lame back. dizziness. sleep
lessness, Indigestion, nervousness, skin
trouble. anaemia, Bright's disease neu-
ralgia. rheumatism, bloating. irrita-
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
Blasted Hopes.
return

In moody silence, with lowering brow and
folded arms, the young man stood before
her.
He was returned soldier, volunteer of
fcer, honorably discharged from the service
of his country.
He had come back, as he supposed, to
make the dear girl happy who had hung
upon his neck when he babe her good-by to
go to the wars.
But the dear girl had received him coldly.
A hustling commercial traveller had taken
advantage of his absence and supplanted
him in her affections.
SOL" he said, at last "You have no re-
morse for your faithlessness!"
None whatever" she replied.
''You prefer that chap with the sample
case to me, do YOU"
Rather"
He drew himself up stiffly
Miss Grenadine Corkins,' he said, 81
leave, this house forever. | leave it," he
added, picking up his hat, "drummered out,
but not drummed out!'
And as he marched out of the room with
a military step the heartess girl called out
Left! left! left! left!' after him.-Chlcago
Tribune
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
Advantages of Direct Buying.

Certain manufacturing institutions have
in recent years inaugurated a new system
qualifedy to the advantage of the con-
sumner. Among the pioneers in this new
method of doing business was the Elkhart
Carriage and Harness Manufacturing COM
pany of Elkhart, Ind. These people began
this plan 26 years ago and have adhered to
it strictly ever since. The result has been
so entirely successful that they are to-day
the largest manufacturers of carriages and
harness in the world selling to the con-
sumner exclusively.
The advantages to the consumer are al
most beyond estimate. He gets better goods,
better and larger selections, and he buys at a
much lower price. There is no risk, as this
firm ship vehicles or harness everywhere for
examination, and guarantee every article
they manufacture and sell. The Elkhart Car
riage and Harness Manufacturing company
publish large illustrated catalogue, which
they will cheerfully mail to allwho requestit.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
Hon. J. II. Caldwell.

81 have used Pe-ru-na for a number
of years with the very best results for
catarrhal diseases. l shall never be
without it. l never fail to recommend
it when an opportunity presents ITSELF -
j. H. Caldwell, Robeline, La.
Gilbert Hofer, Grays, KY, says in a
letter dated March 18th, 1894: II have
used four bottles of Pe-ru-na and am
well of my catarrh, and it cured my
Bright's disease. / had been troubled
for two years. weigh twenty pounds
more than I did before was taken sick.
l shall never be without Pe-ru-na."
Send for free catarrh book. Address
DIR. Hartman, Columbus. o.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
ARE GREATLY PLEASED WITH
WESTERN CANADA.

w. r. Milburn, John Holmes, NJ r.
Dagger, E. L. Stetson, of Buena Vista
County, Iowa, report as follows of the
Canadian Northwest as to its situa-
bility for farming, and the advantages
it offers to the agricultural immigrant
from the United States: "We came here
solely to look up improved farms and, if
suitable, to select such as pleased us
best. We have not visited the home
stead districts at all, though we believe
them to be very inviting. Our inquiries
have been confined solely to the district
around Hartney, Deloraine and towards
the Souris River in Manitoba. Our i'm
pressions of all that region are in every
way satisfactory, and we have decided
to go back to Iowa at once, and, having
disposed of our several interests there,
to return to Manitoba in the month of
March next, and, effecting our purchase
of improved farms, which we find we
can do at reasonable rates, Immediately
begin farming. We are greatly pleased
with all that we have seen in that part
of Western Canada. The soil we find
to be more than equal to that of our
own country for wheat-growing, and
the other conditions of climate schools,
markets, etc., are all that we could wish
for.
''To show what an energetic man can
do we may mention that we found one
such at Hartney who had rented farm
on shares, receiving two-thirds of the
returns as his share of the crop. When
he came to sell his own produce he
found that his two-thirds, when con-
verified into cash, was enough to buy the
farm he rented out and out, which he
accordingly did, and is now it's owner.
1t is our intention to induce as many of
our friends as possible, who are prac-
teal farmers, to remove from Iowa to
this country, where we believe there is
better future for the industrious man
than is now to be found anywhere on
this continent. We are well known in
our part of the State of Iowa, and we
invite correspondence from its resi-
dents in all parts with regard to this
region of Western Canada which we
have visited, and to which we intend to
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

bility, WORKOUT feeling, lack of ambi-
ton, loss of flesh, sallow complexion.
If your water when allowed to re-
main undisturbed in glass or bottle
for twenty-four hours, forms a sedi-
ment or settling or has cloudy ap-
pearance, it is evidence that your kid
neys and bladder need immediate atten-
ton.
The great discovery, Swamp Root,
has been tested in so many ways, in
hospital work, in private practice,
among the helpless too poor to pur-
chase relief, and has proved so sue
cessful in every case, that a special
arrangement has been made by which
all the readers of this paper who have
not already tried it, may have a sample
bottle sent absolutely free by mail.
Also book telling more about Swamp
Root and containing some of the
thousands upon thousands of testimoni-
al letters received from men and wom-
en- who owe their good health, in fact,
their very lives, to the wonderful cura-
tive properties of Swamp-Root. Be sure
and mention this paper when sending
your address to DR.. Kilmer & Co., Bing-
hamton n Y
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
A Cheap Hotel.

A number of Minneapolis men are
said to be considering the advisability
of erecting hotel of from three to five
hundred rooms. to be conducted on the
some plan as the Mills house of New
York, under the auspices of the Union
Mission. The hotel, if arranged for,
will be divorced from the mission, so
that the people taking lodging in it
will not feel that they are objects of
charity. As such building would be
very plain, both inside and outside,
and as the rooms would be small, it is
thought that the cost would not be
very great. 1t is estimated that the
cost of the structure ought not to be in
excess of $4,000.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
His Philosophy.

''Mis' Johnsing, wy doan' yo' git dat man
o youahs to atten' Divine woship once in
awhile?"
go de good lans sake, Pa'son Green, dat
no count niggah Use married to ain bin in
side chu'ch fo' mon ten yeah"
''Yo' doan mean t. tell me dat he amt
nevah 'sperienced religion, Mis- Johnsing?"
Il guess OATS bout right, pason, doah
don lax t say it,
"Ef he ain in de faith, den wha' doctrine
does he cling to, Mis- Johnsing?'
"Well, pa'son, | amt got much opinion
in de mattah, but kind O reckon dat de
only. doctrine he hangs onto wild any very
grea' amount O tenasticy am de one dat sez
A bird in de bag am with two on de roost,
when de doah O de coop's got a spring
lock an de dawg's unclaimed. cleveland
Leader
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
500 Reward 500.

The readers of this paper will be pleased
to learn that there is at least one dreaded
disease that science has been able to cure III
all its stages, and that is Catarrh Halls
Catarrh Cure is the only positive cure
known to the medical fraternity. Catarrh
being constitutional disease, requires a
constitutional treatment. Halls Catarrh
Cure is taken internally, acting directly
upon the blood and mucous surfaces of the
system, thereby destroying the foundation
of the disease, and giving the patient
strength by building up the constitution and
assisting nature in doing its work The
proprietors have so much faith in its cura-
tive powers that they offer One Hundred
Dollars for any case that it fails to cure.
Send for list of testimonials.
Address Z. j. Cheney & Co., Toledo, o.
Sold by Druggists, Toe
Halls Family Pills are the best.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
ITS MARVELLOUS SUCCESS in ALL KID
BLADDER AND URIC ACID TROUBLES,
To Prove for Yourself the Wonderful Merits Of This Great
Discovery, You may Have Sample Bottle Sent
Absolutely Free By Mail.

a healing, influence,
irritabity
that will do Kimer's
the ideal Kidney Restorative.
considered that
kidneys, proves
of these useful
What natural?
Kidneys filter
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
Two Valued Opinions,

A prominent western railway man, in
speaking of the passenger service of the
New York Central, says: at begins right.
ends right, and is right in the middle"
An officer of one of the transpacifc steam.
ship lines says: "There is no train service
in the world comparable with that of the
New York CentraPs Lake Shore Limited"
The best is the cheapest, and the best
is always best The New York Central
stands at the head of the passenger lines
of this country and has fairly earned the
title of Americas Greatest Railroad" y
Buffalo Commercial, February H. 1899.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
Among His Impedimenta,

"Youve got lot of baggage" remarked
panied him to the railway station.
Yes" responded the retiring congress
man, but | carry something on my mind
that weighs me down more than all this
stuff put together"
What is it?" inquired the other.
cts my 'ex!' said the departing states.
man, with dry sob.-Chicago Tribune.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
ACE Your Dealer for Amen,. Foot. Ease.

A powder to shake into your shoes. 1t rests
the feet Cures Corns, Bunions, Swollen, Sore,
Hot, Callous, Aching, Sweating feet and In
growing Nails Aliens Foot-Ease makes
new or tight shoes easy. Sold by all druggists
and shoe stores, 25c. Sample mailed FREE.
Address Allen S Olmsted, LIE Roy, n. Y.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
A Protest.

81 move," said the legislator, "that we
now take up the"
"Mr. Chairman" interrupted a senator,
"hasn't that white mans burden poetry
been worked about enough Philadelphia
North American
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
Candidates for Annapolis.

April % is the date set for the exam
ination of candidates for admission to
the Annapolis military academy. The
committee appointed by Congressman
F. c. Stevens, consisting of DR.. Talbot
Jones, Rev. M. ID. Edwards and Pro-
fessor F. A. Weld, will NEE ell anal-
cants at the Central high school on the
day mentioned. Examination is given
in reading, spelling, geography. arith-
metic, history. old world history, ge-
ometry and algebra.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
Inconsistent with Arithmetic.

Love and marriage have no regard for the
rules of arithmetic. First, one is won by
one and then one and one are one.-Phila
delphia Bulletin
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
Home study of Shorthand.

Specially prepared stenographic lessons by
an eminent Congressional Reporter are sent
out through the Shorthand Pub Bureau of
Washington, D. G.. Write for circular
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

Tommy, stop pulling that cat
the cats pulling it."-London Tit-Bits
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
KIDNEY DISEASE
Caused by Internal Catarrh,
Promptly Cured by
Pe-ru-na.

Hon. j. III. Caldwell, prominent
member of the Louisiana State Legisla-
ture, says the following in regard to Pc
ru-na for catarrh:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

Life is big poker game in which every.
body is bluffing the loser.-Atchison Globe
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

can recommend Piso's Cure for Con.
Townsend. Fit. Howard. Wis, May 4, '94.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

The newly organized coffin trust is doomed
to failure. The members will be sure to
run things into the ground.-Town Topics
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

Alabastine can be used over paint or
paper; paint or paper can be used, over
Alabastine. Buy only in five pound pack
ages, properly labeled; take no substitute.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

A good occupation prevents mental dissi
pation.-Ram's Horn
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

Every church and schoolhouse should be
coated only with Alabastine. Hundreds
Of tons used yearly for this work Genu-
inc Alabastine does not rub and scale off.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

There's no denying the tact that Boston
is one of the has beans.-L A w. Bulletin
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

To Cure a Cold in One Day
Take Laxative Bromo Quinine Tablets All
druggists refund money if it fails to cure 25c
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26
News i'm Brief.

Mrs Elizabeth Patch died in Mime
apolis, aged 100 years, 10 months and
10 days.
Fire destroyed 10000 feet of lumber
belonging to Sartell Brothers, of Sank
Rapids.
The residence of II. Sleiburling, at
LeSueur, was destroyed by fire.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

Use of sense makes no one poorer.-Ram'
Horn.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

Alabastine packages have full direc-
tons. Anyone can brush it on. Ask paint
dealer for tint card. "Alabastine Era"
free. Alabastine Co.. Grand Rapids, Mich.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1899-04-26

Alabastine. the only durable wall coat
ing, takes the place of scaling kasomines,
wall paper and paint for walls. 1t can be
used on plaster, brick, wood or canvas.
The Jewish South. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1893-1899, 1899-06-30
In Donor OF Drepfus.

meeting Of friends Of Captain Dreyfus, who wish
to voice their pleasure at the favorable Of
in France, was held at Ford's Hotel last Wednesday
night. There was good attendance and much Ell
thusiasm was manifested
Mr.. A. Eiche called the meeting to order and nom
mated Mr. Charles Hutzler for chairman, and he was
elected by reclamation.
After some discussi IN it decided to appoint
committee on plans and resolutions with authority
to act should occasion demand. The chair selected
as committee Messrs. ]. Marcuse chairman, A. J.
Guerpilion, Charles We'll. Leon Weinberg and H T.
Ezekiel The chairman Of the meeting, by request,
The Jewish South. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1893-1899, 1899-06-30
the grounds proper, as the Richmond, Petersburg &
Carolina railroad desires to purchase


The event of Richmonds social season was the
marriage last Wednesday night Of Mr.. Gustavus S.
Ullman, of Chicago, to Miss Genevieve Raab daugh-
ter of Mr.. and Mrs E. Raab Of this city.
The ceremony was at the Beth Ahaba synagogue
at $3.50 o'clock, Rabbi Calisch ciating The build
ing was filled with friends, and handsomely decora-
ted. Mr. Henry s. Hutzer was master Of ceremonies.
Miss Emily Raab, sister Of the bride, was maid Of
honor and the bridesmaids were Misses Hattie Y.
and Mabel Sycle, Rita Goodman and Florence Myers
Mr. William Manheimer, of Chicago, was the best
man, the groomsmen being Messrs. Joseph Mayer,
Milton Hartman, Sidney Long and Augustus Leben-
stein-all OF Chicago; Milton Straus, Moses Rose,
Gus Sycle, and Jacob Lchtenstein Masters Merrill
T. Raab and Gordon E. Strause the pages.
The ceremony followed by reception at the
Jefferson Hotel, at which covers were laid for $50,
and dancing was enjoyed until late hour
Mr.. and Mrs. Ullman left for Old Point and will
also visit Thousand Islan6s and other places after
which they will join Mr.. and Mrs Raab in Atlantic
City. They will be at home the Hotel Metropoe,
Chicago after September 1st.
The out-of-town guests were magnifcenty enter
tanned during their stay in the city Among them
were Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel Stern Mr. Henry Stern,
Miss EDNA Stern, Mr. and Mrs n j Ullman, Mr.
and Mrs. Joseph Buied, Mr. and Mrs Reinach,
Misses Jessie and Blanche Reinach, Messrs. William
Manhemer, Joseph Mayer, Milton Hartman and
Sidney Long--a of Chicago and Mrs r. M Raab,
of Burlington, Iowa.
On Monday evening they dined by Mr.. and
Mrs. Raab. The following night Tuesday, they
were rendered deghtfultrolley patty, and Wednes-
day morning there was tav-ho drive.
The Jewish South. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1893-1899, 1899-06-30
THE JEWISH SOUTH.


agreed to act with the committee
committee finance, consisting Of the follow
ing, also appointed Messrs A. Cohen. A. Eichel,
"A. L. Jacobs, H. Block, and Paul WE'LL The meeting
adjourned subject to the call Of the chairman.
The Jewish South. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1893-1899, 1899-06-30
On the Cream Cheese plan.

NNlgNN laugh at the emphasis with which he pro-
nounced the words, selfsats6ed that he had cnched
a lengthy argument in which he had advocated the
correctness of his views the propriety of
improving reform measures by doing away with ser
vices on the Sabbath accepting Sunday as day Of
rest and worship, in fact running the gamut Of
changes to emascuate the remnants which bind Ju-
daism together
The Old Raconteur, engrossed in the exchanges,
paid no heed to thediscussion far participating
but as Kitchen Judaism was uttered he carefully
placed the exchange the floor pufed meditatively
at his pipe and in his sneereng manner said:
Sam Slick built himself an imperishable monum-
ent when he said "A sure way to mans heart is
through his stomach What do you youngsters
know about Judaism, kitchen otherwise?"
The loiterers about the Jewish Ledger office know
the uselessness of talking down the Old Raconteur
and settled themselves in the chairs, anticipating
talk of more or less interest
'.On Sedar night, Kidding -nodding at times
the sometimes monotonous service the children
would be provoked to laughter every time they noted
that papa grandpa had piow-sips on their
heads-the little realizing that day,
when they stood by the coffin the selfsame mirth
provokers were a part Of the shroud wherein they
we're laid to rest Happily they did not realize it at
the Sedar or it might have taken away their appe-
titles for the prescribed dishes laid down by kitchen
Judaism
Just SO each holiday or festival-even Yom Kip
pur-had its constituent pleasures Those early sup
pers-banquets in magnitude-served under specific
surroundings, with just sufficiency Of soemnity
about themnot overlooking the necessity of taking
III an extra quantity of the good things provided.
Why, even the smalless Of the children warned
to eat and drink Ariv Yom Kippur, and his
pacity augmented by the warning that not a
drop Of water would be permitted until after ten
O'Clock the following day
Then Chanukah with its extra wax tapers, for
many nights-for each and every male in the fam
ily-and, like Purim, with it's specially concocted
cookies remarkable for their puiness and butterish-
ness. conditions laid down by kitchen Judaism no
man or woman knoweth how many centuries ago
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1899-08-28
BOOM FOR THE TOBY.
1t Has Lately Achieved Great Pop
uIarity Throughout the West.

1t Has Lately Achieved Great Pom
uIarity Throughout the West.
Pittsburg Dispatch.
Everything seems to be coming the
way of the aH-conquering Pfttsburs
orce known as the Wheeling toby or
stogie. That article has long been rec.
ognized as strong enough to stand on its
merits, but an evidence of its strength
whether in adversely or prosperity. an
pears in today's news
When times were bad people turned IN
the toby from reasons of economy. tThe
man who could no longer afford the
Havana or the Key West product sought
the method of getting his smokes for =
cent apiece. Now, when prosperou9
times have come again, the psople have
contracted the toby habit and the de-
mand for that particular nicotian favor
Is outrunnlng the supply. Out West they
are starting new factories to turn out
limitations of the Pittsburg article. while
the factories of its home region are run
ming overtime.
1t IS vain endeayor for Western fac
tories to attempt to turn out a real Pitts
burg toby Something may be produced
that will pass for it in the uninstructed
West. but the genuine toby is native
OF the regions about the adwaters Of
the Ohio, and altains its full pungency.
calculated to bring tea s 10 the eyes OF
the Unaccustolned smoker. only in thu
region of its birth and development.