davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-12-10

AT $3.50 INSTEAD OF S1O.25-Electric Seal
Scarf with tabs trimmed with cluster OF tails
and animal heads, 10 inches long.
AT 81. 10 INSTEAD OF S3.75-Black Coney
Scaris with cluster Of tails.
Alaska Sable Muffs $500 and $S.es
Mink Muffs, 3 strips. S9.25
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16
In Deufense O fNegro Rapists

New York, May 11.-At the Afro
American M. E. conference today Rt.
Rev. J. w. Wood, D.. D., LII. d., pre-
siding bishop of the New York an
nual conference, delivered the annual
address, taking as his subject. "Ihe
States of the Country"
In the course of his Ia the
bishop referred to the recent lyncnlngs
in the south, saying:
HI boldly assert that these outrages
originate in the d~eep-seated race nate
in the communities where they occur.
If there are black men so beastly as to
be guilty of the horrid crime of which
they are often charged that is no ex-
cuse for the lynching, because in any
clear case against the black man pun
ishment is certain and swift by legal
process. There are no vexatlouS delays
in his case. I am certainly sat1sned
thai some negroes have been legally
put to death who were innocent OF
crime. If the negro escapes he must
prove himself Innocent beyOnd the
shadow of a doubt / am certainly
satisfied that in some cases the crime
charged had no foundation in fact, but
was made up for the purpose of Justl-
flying the race hate.
"A peculiar kind of politics is at the
bottom of nearly all of these outrages-
politics which has for it's purpos the
denial to the black man of the civil
and political rights which are enjoyed
by others. In most cases the pretense
tina there is any other cause for them
is a sham, a deception and a fraud"
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16

Duluth. MINI, May 1t.-Rioters at
tempted to blow up a West Duluth
street car with dynamite last night.
There were ten passengers in the car
and they all received slight bruises.
The strikers have been quiet for sew
eral days and more cars were run yes
terday than at any time since the
trouble began
A large stick of dynamite was placed
on the rae and it was struck by a
~westbound Superior car. The car was
lifted about three feet from the ground
by the explosion and thrown on it's
side. The trucks and front end of the
car were torn from their fastenings and
blown a distance Of thirty feet.
A non-union motorman on Superior
street line was red at las night id
West Duluth, the bullet passing
through the car windows a few inches
from his head.
Mobs in different parts of the city
attacked cars with stones and eggs,
one car having its side smashed in and
several having all windows broken.
Mayor Fruelson put on thirty extra
policemen, but they seem to be unable
to cope with the mob
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16
The Rev. Geo. ID. Armstrong Passes TO
His Rest.

Norfolk, Va, May 11.-Rev. George
D. Armstrong, D. D., LII. D., emeritus
pastor of the First Presbyterian church
of this city, died at $50 o'clock this
afternoon. -
DIR Armstrong was born in Mendham,
Morris county, N. J., in 1913, and was
the son of Rev. Amz. Armstrong, d. D.,
and brother of Rev. William J. Arm
strong, at n time pastor of the First
Presbyterian church of Richmond, Va.
He graduated from Princeton in 1882.
In 1886 he entered Union Theological
Seminary, and while a student of di-
vinity was elected professor of chemis-
try and mechanical philosophy in
washington college at Lexington, Va.
entering upon his duties in 1888. He
supplied Timber Ridge church from
1889 ia 1851, when he resigned his pro-
fessorship to assume the pastorate of
the First church of this city, and serv-
ed it for forty years. He was widely
known as a preacher, debator and au-
thor. He contributed largely to severa
church magazines and published sever-
al books. He retired from active church
work in 1891, and was elected pastor
emeritus of the church he had served
so long. The celebration Of n fortletn
anniversary of his p~astorate was a no.
table event in Norfolk church history,
all the protestant denominations unit
ing.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16
Especial to The Messenger.)

Raleigh, N. c., May 1.-THE execu-
tive committee of the state agricultural
society this afternoon elected Joseph
Pogue secretary and manager and G..
B. benson assistant and secretary. The
date for the fair will be fixed tomorrow
and will probably be the last week in
October.
State Treasurer Worth, who returned
from Greensboro today, brings news
that the capacity of the steel works
there is to be doubled at once.
AS was stated yesterday, Mayor
Powell notified sixteen persons to be
vaccinated by noon or leave the city in
twenty-four hours. He was notified
today that all save one had been vacci-
mated rather than leave Rlleigh or go
to Jail. One man holds out. He is G.
M Lindsay. He was before the mayor
this afternoon and asked to be permit
ted to leave the city. His request was
granted. He cannot return save by the
mayors permission. The latter says
he expects Lindsay to change his mind
and be vaccinated. All warrants is
sued were for white persons. The
a y says nearly every negro has been
vaccinated.
Work is in progress on the pest
house for whi IS, to be completed to-
morrow at noon.
The mayor discovered today that
there was smallpox here early in JAN
uary among negroes who concealed it
for a month.
A white man named Peele, who
caught it from negroes, after express
ing contempt for both the disease and
vaccination, is in a bad plight. He has
the disease in his throat, the mayor
tells me.
The corporation commission today
made the rate on a ten word telegraph
message Is cents between any points in
North Carolia, continuing the express
rates which the rail road commission
ordered, and made the telephone rates
S24 a year for business houses and $1S
for residences. The commission yes
terday in an order excepted from the
proyisions of the Jim Crow" law
Through trains Nos. % and IS ON the
Coast Line. Today it withdrew that
order so that the law applies to these
trains. This is because those trains
stop at all stations.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16

Another great discovery has beer
made, and that. too. by a lady In this
country. Disease fastened its clutches
Upon her and FOR sever years she with
stood its severest tests, but her vital
organs were undermined and death
seemed m For three months
she coughed necessarily. and could nor
sleep. She finally discovered a way to
by purchasing OF US a bottle
Of DR.. Kings New Disco very for Con-
sumption. and was SO much relieved
on taking first dose. that she slept
all night: and with two bottles. has
been absolutely cured. Her name is
Mrs. Luther Lutz." Thus writes w. G.
Hamnick G. Co., OF Shelby. n. G. Trial
bottles free at r. r.. Bellamy's Drug
Store. Regular size SOC and 81 90. Every
bottle
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16

Lynchtug Would Follow Sertain
Grimes Up There m well N south

Grimes Up u mere as
Jacksonville, Florida May 11.-The
members of the New England News
paper League. who were here today. de-
MED with emphasis that the recent ap-
peal of a certain committee OF Boston
citizens TO the clergy OF that city to use
their influence against prevailing law
lessn IS in the south, represents the
opinions of the best citizens Of Boston
or OF the north, regarding actual con-
ditions here.
They assert that every name pub
lished as constituting the COMMITTEES
Is that Of a negro politician, who Is val
liable only for the local vote that he ts
presumed TO control.
The members OF the league further
assert that IL the crimes were commit
ted in the north that have been the oc-
ca ion of lynching in the south, the re-
suit would probably be the same and
tLat punishment would be
administered for such crime. They say
that the best sentiment of the south
unites with that OF the north in con-
demning the extreme atrocities that
have recently startled the world.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16
PURE FOOD INvEsTIGATION

The Senate Committee Making Thor
ough Search Into the Adulteration Of
FOod-Much Matter for Correction
Found. y
Chicago, May Flour prominent
witnesses testified before the senate
pure food committee today as to the eff
feet on the human stomach OF the use
of a~ntiseptics and "embaiming fluids
and preservatives in foods and drink.
In general they We're agreed that the
substances used was deleterious and
that in many cases they We're poison
Gus. Either prohibit their use, they
said, or compel the manufacturers and
users to brand them plainly and explic-
lily. SO that the consumer may know
exactly what is being eaten.
These witnesses were Hnry G. Pif-
fard, a New York physician; Abbott c..
Prescott, dean of the school Of phar-
macy of the university of Michigan and
professor of hygienec chemistry; Vic
tor c. Vaughn, dean Of the medical
faculty at Ann Arbor and Professor of
Hygiene and H. c.. Adams. a dairy and
food commissioner of Wisconsin.
DIR. Piffard made specific references
to food and drugs which are being
generally ~adulterated. sometimes with
dangerous results to the consumer.
Bromo-Seltzer, he said, is one Of these.
Properly it should consist Of bromide
of potassium or some other substance
of that kind and the ingredients Of
settler water. But it appears" he
continued, that ~acetanilide is being
extensively used instead. In the now
famous Adams case, the expert exam
nation of the bromo showed the pres
ence in addition of the acute poison Of
acetanilide, so that l believe its use is
widespread"
The committee made this statement
at the close of the day:
"The things which seem to stick out
above the details of the investigation
are the facts that antiseptics are used
Unfortunately and to defraud and de-
ceive; that there are in most cases DEL
iterious and in some, positively AN
gerous. Secoud, that in the absence OF
explicit labels, dishonest manufactu-
T6TS dT6 tudDlCL W PUT spurious 6oOuS
on the market. These things will be
looked after in the proposed legisla-
tion." 1
The committees work in Chicago
will be postponed after tomorrow for
an indefinite time.
Beer is soon to be put to a severe
test by the committee.A scientific analy
sis of all brands offeredi the open mar
ket will be made by the government
experts at Washington, and their re-
port will become a part Of the commit
tees records. Senator Mason said that
the regulations in regard to beer would
receive serious attention.
The committee has purchased in chi
cago many samples Of butter, pepper,
coffee, jellies and canned goods for
analytical examination in Washington.
The samples will be freed Of their labels
and the experts will make their investl-
cations without knowledge of the brand
or souce of the articles.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16
10 "A, l. POINTS

Schedule in Effect December IL, 1896.
Train I--Leaves WAU11gton 800 D. m.
arrives Lumberton 5:ls . n, Pembroke
s:S5 p. M, Maxton s:os .. G., Laurinburg
at Hamlet with trains for Monroe. "C ssr.
Iotte Athens. Atlanta and all point
south; and with trains for Raleigh.
p pointa Washington an6
Train 4L-Leaves Portsmouth s:a a. H.
arrives mt ss Me,dSn k n;4s a. M Raleigh s,ssI
m. Wadesboro $40 .. m, Monroe AZ
7: m. Charlotte lo:25 ,. M. nd Atlanis
Train ss.-Leaves Atlanta $50 y
leaves Charlotte SO a m, arrive Mon.
roe S:Ao a. m, Wadesboro 6:6l a. no.
Hamlet !:43 a. m. Sanford s:52 a. m
Portsmouth $40 y. IN. "'
Train Behaves Hamlet $40 a. m. ar
.'eS h@farinSurg s;S q u. Maxton s:o
Train 4o3-LeSyes Washington 500 D.
?. m. Weldon u:lo p. m. Arrives RaieI1h
z:l4 a m. Sanford 3:23 a. M. Hamies xsa7
a m Wadssboro s:oi a. m. Monroe s.s
e M M Onafioe'e CIV a. n. Atlanta $50
Tran Ha-Leaves Charlotte 900 a m
u:s7 = m, Rutherfordton ia:so mn shelby
Train 4nZLeaves Rutherfordton I'm =
m. arrives Shelby $40 y. m. Tincointnpr,
ia ia p NJ Charlotte sis .. m. Monroe
Train tn-Leayes Atlanta l2.oo noon
;nar.5aaaVes Monroe $3.50 D.. m, Wadesboro
n:sS p. m. Raleigh 200 =. m. WeiSon
.:as q m. Portsmouth 7:2o a. m Rscb-
Tram u.-Leaves Hamlet 7:E q r., A.
Tvs Sicson $40 p. N. Returning. leaves
a. IN Aadiniet IN
Train T-Leaves Hamlet $40 a. m. Ar.
leaves Cneraw 500 p. m. Arrives Hamis;
Trains make immedista connactsor.
orisans. T Tor M~ontgomery. Mobile. New
Florida AonpnA7' Aacon and
For Tickets. Sleepers. etc, apply to
THOS. ID. MEARES =
=. ST JOHN, ~
TT Vice President and General MANAGER
v. = = Traffic Manager.~
L. 8. ALLEN, Gent Pass 49,
oeneral onicss Portsmouth. Va
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16
PICKED UP AT SEA
Rescue of the Crew Of a Sinking Vessel
suffered Numerous PrfvatfOns.

suffered numerous fTlvASAOA"
New York, May lion board the
steamer Evilyn, Of the New York ana
Porto Rico Steamship Company, which
arrived in quarantine tonight were
Captain Evans and thirteen Of the
crew of the steamer Kanawha, which
was abandoned at sea in a sinking
condition on April 9Th in latitude S3:4O,
longitude IS.
The KanaWha sailed from Hampton
Roads April End for Bermuda. laden
with 375 tons of coal. She had favora-
BILE weather until the 4th, when a heavy
gale of win rose from h southeast,
blowing with hurricane force, lasting
nine hours, then veering to the north
west, blowing with increased fury for
t~hirty-six hours. On the 9Th, in latl-
tude 33:4O, longitude IS, the ship being
unmanageable, the crew abandoned her
and o to the boats.
After the crew had been in the boats
for days and suffered numerous priva-
tons from hunger n thirst, sail was
seen and signals were made and an
swered. The stranger bore down and
took the men on board. h vessel
proved to be the brig Atlanta, of Port
Jefferson, Captain Darling, bound to
San Juan, P. r., from Philadelphia
with coal The shipwrecked men were
landed in a Juan April 2Sth, where
they We're taken in charge by United
States Consul Hanna. At the time of
abandoning the KanaWha there were
seven feet of water in her hold, which
was constantly gaining.
The Kanawha was a screw steamer,
built OF wood in Bath, Me, in 1881, and
was of 431 tons register and owned by
John A. Donald, of New York.
During the Spanish-American war
she was engaged a a water boat by
the United States government. Cap
tain Evans and the crew lost all their
personal effects.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16
Volcanic

Are grand, but Skin Eruptions rob
life Of Joy. Bucklen's Arnica Salve
cur", them. also Old. Running and Fe-
Yer Sores. Ulcers. Boils, Felons, Corns,
Warts. Cuts. Bruises. Burns. ScaIds,
Chapped Hands, Chilblains. Best Pile
cure on earth. Drives out Pains and
Aches. Only Is cts. a box. Cure guar
anteed. Sold by r. r. 3ellamy, Rruy
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16

Howard City, Mich, May 11.-Jos.
Harvey last night killed his wife. his
uncle, Robert Pierson, and his grand
mother. He also fatally wounded his
3-month's old baby and his father-in-
law, John Jogenslayer, n finally shot
himself. inflicting a u which Is
expected to prove fatal.
Harvey is only 20 years OF age. The
cause Of his terrible acts has not been
determined.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16

San Francisco. May 10.-Rev. Ed
ward Morgan. late assistant rector Of
the Church Of the Good Samaritan in
this city, is reported to nave been
made a millionaire by the death Of an
aunt in New York. He Is a native of
Ireland. "a years old, and has one
good missionary work among the poor.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16

The Herald from Manila says: In an
interv;ew printed in Spanish. Senior
Mabinf. who is at the head Of the Agu-
naIdo cabinet. says the insurgents are
very hopeful. They will continue tne
lighting. relying upon European inter-
vention.
The insurgents of the province %
Cavite are preparing TO make a
ate resistance TO the Americans
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16

Lansing, Mich. May 10.-A bill pass /
ed the senate today practically shut
ting trusts out Of Michigan. Its friends
claim votes enough in the house to pass
IT. 1t prevents trusts and monopolies
Of capital, skill or arts creating or car
rying out restrictions in trade or COM
merIe.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16
Confederate Veterans Invited { 0 Buff
falOs

Buffalo, N. Y, May 11.-Secretary
Keep, of the Merchants Exchange has
telegraphed the Confederate Veteran
Association now in session at Charles
ton, S. c., an invitation to hold its re-
union in 1901, the pan-American Expo
sition year, in Buffalo.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16
SATISFACTORY
Otis Report From the
Philippines
REBELS DlSINTEGRATING

Volunteer Who are TO Resurn-Trans-
ports Arriving and 60 Depart-Geu-
eral H. &. obs Report ON his Brig
ate-High Praise OF Onicers aud Men
Casualties During the uaielos Cam.
paign-A Frenchmal Killed Under
Flag OF Truce.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
First Steps Taken for
Next Fair,
REFUSES TO BE VACCINATED

Only One Man in Raleigh Defies b
Vaccinator and In Ordered to
Town-smaIipox Introduced In Raj
eigh I'm January-COrPoratfon Conn
mission Settles Tolls for Telegraph
and Telephone Lines-Jim Crow Car
Law.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16

S
Haven't time to be
but can't stop work.
Stop long enough
there is in life is
forfeited when health
goes. Pay attention
to early symptoms
and write to Mrs.
Pinkham, at Lynn,
Mass, for advice.
Mrs. Evelyn Wood, 5I8
Fulton Street, Peoria, ILL.,,
writes
Il wish to say to my suffer-
ing sisters that if they want
to be free from those dreadful
diseases with which women
are so apt to be afflicted, take
Mrs. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound. I suffered for
four years. My troubles were
1eucorrhea and irregular
menstruation. The menses
appeared too often, and lasted
too long. Ibecame very poor,
looked badly, had no appetite.
felt as though death would
be a relief. My friends adj
vised me to take more out
of-door exercise, but hardly
realized that I was too weak
to go out. l resolved to try
Mrs. Pinkham's medicines,
and after taking several bot
ties of Compound, also used
the Liver Pills and Sanative
Wash, I can truly say l am
enjoying a new life. Menses
have become regular, and
last the proper length of time.
I feel better than l have for
ten years. l praise your
medicine to all my friends.
If any one would like to write
to me in regard to your Vege-
table Compound, and what i,
has done for me, / will gladly
answer their letter"
Mrs. S: Barnhart, New
Castle, Pa, writes
DEAR MRS. PINKHAM: I
intended to have written to
you before, but since my re-
covery 1 have been verybusy.
l had been sick ever since my
marriage, seven years ago;
have given birth to seven
children, and had two miscar-
riages. had falling ofwomb,
leucorrhoea, pains in back
and legs; dyspepsia and a
nervous trembling of the
stomach. Now l have none
of these troubles and can en-
joy my life. Lydia E. Pink
hams Vegetable Compound
has worked wonders for me-"
Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound
will surely aid suffer
ing women and the
sympathetic advice Of
Mrs. Pinkham is al
ways promptly forth
coming on request.
Mrs.. BradIsh
dear MRS. PINKHAM-1
run down and soon became a
tite and began to lose flesh;
I had to leave Our store. I
but I steadily grew worse an,
helped me in some ways. but
began to have night sweats a
would have hysteria and VIC
matters and my poor health.
but with no benefit. This
know what a winter of mis-
eating and was troubled with
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16

Weary
:; and Worn

Work and drudge!
Health disregarded!
Haven't time to be sick. Tired and ailing
but can't stop work.
Stop long enough to remember that all
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1899-05-16

Washington. May u.-General Otis
has cabled the war department. con-
corning the situation in the Philippines.
He says that ii is very encouraging.
The tone OF the dispatch leads the OFF,
Gals here TO believe that the end Of the
Philippine insurrection is near at hand.
Following is the text OF the dispatch
from General Otis: +
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30
VERY MUCH IN. DOUBT.

eyes, Eddie was slightly wounded in
the first fight We have a letter from
the regimental surgeon.
"Where was he wounded?"
eve are not quite sure. The surgeon
mentioned the place, but we don't
know whether is it an anatomical
phrase or Filipino town. Cleveland
Plaindealer.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30
CHANCE FOR STUDY.

He had been studying the lines of
her hand for several minutes.
"I'm deeply interested in palmistry,"
he said at last
'Perhaps you would like to have a
hand for practice" she suggested.
That is how he secured hers Chi
cagO Post. ~'--.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30
HELPED HIM OUT.

Minnie-'Did Fred appear to he very
greatly excited when he proposed to
you?" ..--..,- ..-. -.
Grace-"Oh, yes, terribly 50. In
fact, I'm afraid he would never have
been able to make me understand
what he was trying to say if I hadn't
supplied a word now and then. '-Ghi-
cagO News.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30
GREAT THINGS AND SMALL.

'Women are very hard to under
stand" he remarked sententiOuSly.
"Well," she answered, "men have
their curious ways too. | have known
how the Alaskan and Venezuelan
boundaries ought to be settled and
then get wholly irascible over party
wall. Washington Star. -
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30
STRANGE MISTAKE.

North Side Mother told you lit
tie while ago, Jerry who our first pa
rents were. Let me see if you remem-
Der. Who was the first man?
PrecociOuS BOy-Adam.
North Side MOther-That'S right.
Who was the first woman?
PrecociouS BOy-Evil. Chicago TIT
bune.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30
LOOKING FOR A FRIEND.

Saleswoman Ito lady who has been
rummaging the silk cOunter)-I think
you will like this mauve; it is very
stylish, and | am sure it would be-
come you beautifully.
Lady-Oh, l didn't come in to buy;
I was only looking for a friend.
SaleswOman--Andd did you expect to
find her in that ribbon box?
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30
MISNOMERS.

Mrs. BrOwn-Our language is full Of
misnOmers. For instance [ met man
once who was a perfect bear, and they
called him a ''civi engineer"
Mrs. Smith-Yes, but that's not so
ridiculous as the man they call teller"
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30
OBJECTED TO $50 MUCH"

The Wife-If you object to giving
me money always, why don't you give
me SO much year and have done
The Husband-I do give you $50
with it?
The Husband-I do give you $50
much!'' That's just what l object to-
Judy.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30

in bank. He won't tell you anything.
I asked one the other day how much
moneymy husband had on deposit and
he just laughed at me.-Catholic Stan
dard and Times.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30
WITH THE JOKER.
A SIRE SIGN

"I'll bet I'm doomed to die pretty
SOON"
'Why, what is the matter?"
''Well, my doctor tells me he doesn't
know. Now, if he really didn't know,
or if it were something trivial, l know
he would give it some kind of name"
indianapolis Journal.