The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1899-08-30
PROF. HITCHCOCK
CONTINUED from Page IL

| CONTINUED from Page II
| than Mauna Loa. On the very east enc
| Of this island we find canyons. How
| does it happen? Apply our princinIe,
] OF age, and We find that there has beer
| first an eruption on the west side a
| the island, then on the east side. and
| there has been no time for them tC
develop. There is a bullying out of the
island on the east side. showing 2
growth has been formed since these
canyons We're formed
The next point must have been the
development Of the coral reefs; these
easily show in various parts of the ISL
and, especially in the reef portion OF
the Pearl River lochs: they also ex-
tend all around the island, and from a
geological standpoint, the most inter-
esting feature is that they have been
more extensive in the past than now
The only question is whether this lime
stone may not have extended above
forty feet above the level of the sea
but | must say that by Judging from
points like kahuku the limestone eX-
tends 800 feet above the level of the
sea.
The lime is just as marked on the
bluffs there as these two books which
| hold together; so we feel satisfied
that the upper portion of the limestone
is formed from what has been blown
there by the winds. The wind takes
the material from the shore and trans
ports it TO the interior; so We say in
general that the coral reef has ex-
tended about forty feet above the level
of the sea.
Il pass direct to the next feature. ba-
salts; we come upon this at the Pail:
the Pail is a beautiful place to get a
successive study of these groups: as
you go down the hill, about 100 feet
you will find another material: a red
sort of a sand or clinker. which is very
common, and stands at quite an angle:
it is a different material from the ba-
salt. Then there is material which
is a volcanic ash with pebbles imbed-
ded in it; as they have been washed.
out of the original rock they have be-
come imbedded in the ash; these are
three distinct points which we find in
the Pail; we find that the latest one is
a red sort of ash, which is found in
the craters in every part of the Island
LAS to these craters, there are quite
a number of secondary cones. such as
Diamond Head Two era
terS east of Diamond Head, which
have seen are of the same age, and
later than Diamond Head. |
found on them some volcanic bombs;
when the volcano was active, some of
he lava became moulded, much as a |
stick of candy; these are the volcanic |
and sometimes when they |
came down from the air after being |
elected they would explode.
''Inasmuch as we find the basalt Ov /
,rlies the tufa, we come to the conclu-
sion that these volcanoes are more |
'ecent. Some of these cones have |
been penetrated by dykes; some of
hese are found on Punchbowl, with the |
eservOir site, and where the material |
las been quarried out of the side of |
he hill. Then there is a very inter-
,sting dyke on the east Of Diamond |
Head: these dykes extend out radially,
ID from that crater.
so now l give you in succession an
dea of the age and the development of
,rowth of this Island:
L. The building upof the western
'ange, Kaala; 2, erosion of same; ),
he Koolau erosion; A. development of |
lie COIdl IcSlS, tIlSl tloI LII
ion of chrystalite baSalt; 6, then two |
series of igneous deposits, containing |
pebble deposits, and the last one at the |
Pail; Z, then the clinker ash; 9, ba- |
salts discovered in artesian wells; 10, |
ufa craters; II, after that there was |
| time when the tufa was decayed, es- |
1ecially noticeable at Punchbowl; II. |
over this came the common black |
Tantalus, Koko Head and |
Head; we find about the same |
material coming from each; IL, repre- |
,ents other basaltic craters, Rocky |
Hill. etc; IA, would represent the |
lykes of Punchbowl, Koko Head, etc; |
,. would represent the calcareous for
nation, containing fossil animals, |
shells, etc; and after all is the depres |
sion of the Island to a depth of about |
,orty feet, and then it's elevation to |
present level"