The Worcester spy., 1899-07-25


islands, digs canals, drives piles in the
center of the island and is independent
| of the tides and free from his enemies.
In the forest the struggle is between
the tree and the plants; in the desert the
struggle is between the plants and con-
dfticns, and plants and animals sue
cumb. Men do not Human interfer-
ence settles the fate of animals more
than the men settle the fate Of man.
Man in the age when hunting and
fishing We're the chief characteristics,
had disputes on the ownership of prey,
and at once the leaders found 1t for
their interests to settle disputes, and
laws were established, not for the in
dividual, but for the interests of the
clan. With people who are living on
the shore who have to travel to make
| life worth living, or to carry on their
labor, beyond the reach of the chief
| disputes arise and testimony has to be
taken. This develops truth, and we
| find among people who have nothing
else to make US like them, truth pre-
dominates.
In the desert, those who stray away
would die if they did not get water,
| hence hospitality is inculcated and
| meanness moderated. Among d people
| schooled on the desert, it is not strange
to find mercy and hospitality in their
religion.
| In the cold climates the need is to
| store up food for winter, and property
| rights arise. Theft becomes that
| which is the greatest crime. Honesty
becomes evident at an early age of the
! race.
| The environment with which people
! starts must predominate the race.
! These laws become individual habits
and justice, truth and hospitality are
| 15Foa q y1y.f,,
| In Arizona when people came,
] troubled by nomadic enemies and
! forced to perch on rocky eminences, the
/ germs of religion are changed by en-
vironment. They become agricultur-
! lists, and as the pinch Of poverty makes
/ genius of a race as well of individuals,
these Indians looked upon the rain and
sun and clouds and the corn, and they
made a religion to conform to these
/ environments.
Raw material largely develops art. OF
the Esquimaux, the art is white, and
| the colors are the results Of the raw
| material. The EsquiInaux can get only
| walrus ivory ON which to exercise his
| art; in British Columbia the red cedar
4 and red ochre are the only things to be
| had for art, and the art is red. In the
/ Pueblos the color is that of baked fire.
/ clay In Mexico, the volcanic stones
4 are gray and the art is gray. One sees
/ this to a greater extent in considering
/ Egypt and Greece. In Egypt limestone
/ and syamite were the only materials on
I which he could work, and he hammered
out the colossal statues. In nowhere
than Greece is there such quarries of
| beautiful white marble. The pottery of
/ Greece is about as Insignificant as
compared with it's statues as can be
! magined
This is why one should take cum
! grano sails the divisions of stone,
| bronze and iron Of the human race, for
/ it depended on whether there was
| stone or bronze or iron as to which age
developed. 1t depends on environment.
| There was natural selection going on
| all the time.
If we look also at environments in
the grass, we should find that art has
/ developed according to the surround
| ings. The poetry and music of the
| south has in 1t notes, sources of amuse-
ments that are not known to the north.
| The contrast between mountain and
the plain has always existed.
There are greater mental differences
/ found between the mountain and plain
of the valley of the Averne in France,
than there is between the Englishmen
| apd Frenchmen. In the mountain
there is piety; on the plain there is
| much of matter of fact activity. One
can see how there win be a turn from
! the piety OF the mountain to the science
| of the mountain. The mountain is cut
off from the plain. The family, the
social institution Of the mountains is
| of the old.
Another way of looking at environ
| ment is of pain and pleasure. The kill
| ing off of dangerous animals Is about
| accomplished, and man has advanced
in general from pain to pleasure. Some
races, however, in their civilization,
| have gone from pleasure to pain. The
| Hebrews, for example, surrounded by
| hostile enemies developed by the way
( of pain the great civilization they pos
sessed at one time. Greece, on the
| other hand, was easily protected from
| other nations with her seacoaSt easy
and there was development of pleas
ure, and thus 1t was that the Hebrew
| gave religion founded on pain and
| Greece gave art founded on pleasure.
| Progress to certain extent depends
on things that can be used. The Amer
lean tribes started without those things
| which go to make civilizations, do
mestic animals. 1t is not to differences
in races, but difference in progress
that kept Americans from developing
as rapidly as other nations
1t Is not astonishing that some have
thought to see civilizations In Peru
which had reached the highest degree
capable in the environments.
The Orientals are so typically uni
form in the answers they have given as
to the life hereafter and the Occident-
| al people we're utterly opposed. This
| difference does not come from race. hui
the overhanging atmosphere. The ORR
ental Is fatalistic, and the Teuton
would have fought the gods themselves
/ superior environment OF itself can.
not create greatness. Environment Il
not everything. Transference from one
environment TO another begets culture.
| The rude Athaposcan Indian OF The
| northern Canada are as low down IN
the human scale as possible; further
south they become the tribe which ID
| known as the Romans Of western AM
erica; still further south they become
q tAa AMGkaMiM ANAaAsA. and still fnrthar.