davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-28
RANDOM THOUGHTS.

DEAR UNIT JENNIE:-I see your cir
Gle is still discussing flirting. Will you
allow me a word7 Some one has said
that it is better for a girl to make a
half dozen men happy by being IN,
gagged to them than one man miserable
by marrying him. At first I laughed at
this Jest. But it is dangerous because
of it's glitter and because it is false
from centre to circumference. Now, I
shall engage in no indiscriminate at
tack upon fjrts. Some girls no
harm by firting-they are simply
thoughtless. Now if it happens that
the man frted with ia also thoughtless,
not more serious than the girl, why,
no serious harm is done. But if a man
really loves a girl, trusts her, conddes
in her, and it that girl willingly and
Intentionally firts with him, she sins
and sins grievously.
x = 4
There's an idea I have possessed for
some time. 1 saw it expressed by
Browning the other day and I will
give it for the consideration Of others.
Browning expresses it in this way:
''There's a fancy some lean to and
others hate
That, when this life is ended, bagins
New work for the soul in another
state,
Where it strives and gets weary,
loses and wins;
Where the strong and the weak, this
worlds congeries,
Repeat in large what they practiced
in small,
Through life after life in unlimited
series;
Only the scales to be changed, that's
ALL"
That is, that "When this life is ended"
we do not sit in idleness Tor ages and
ages but that the soul life is real life,
real struggle, a constant growth, and
that we begin the new life with soma
thing Of the weaknesses or triumphs of
this life. Taat if we have conquered
temptation and won victories over
wrong here that we shall be better
qualified for the fuller life to come.
That the future life is not eternal mo-
notony but that that strength of char
acter and purity of soul developed here
will win for as proportionate triumphs
and victories in the great soul life.
That the eternal life of the righteous is
q continual growth in grace and soul
power, and the wicked find additional
terrors in the contrary failures and
defeats. 1 do not think this theory
contrary to the teachings of the B BILE.
And Browning certainly did not.
What think ye of it9
4 X
That is a suggestive and thoughtful
article, THE Forgotten Millions" on
page 4 of The Progressive Farmer of
Nov. 14sh. In olden days the Psalm
ist exclaimed, What is man, o G ID,
that thou regardest him, or the son of
man that th9u art mindful Of himG"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-28

In general, I have no patience VIII
people who talk Of the ''thoughtLes'-
ness of youth" indulgently. had ~ d,
fnitely rather hear of thoughtless DIV
age, and the indulgence due to FnS',
When a man has done his work. aI'
nothing can any way be materially o.
tered in his fate, let him forget n'
toll, and sst with his fate If he "l !!
but what excuse can you find for Will
fulness of thought, at the very 'lI.
when every crisis Of future t0r'uI.
hangs on your decisions2 a yOu'I
thoughtlessl when all the happiness :.
his home forever depends on Wv
chances, or the passions, OF ID nUu
A youth thoughtlesal when the caiS"
of all his days depends on the OppsI
tunity Of a moment /! a youth tnoueL "a
Iess! when his every act is a tol0D IN
the laid train Of future conduct, ~,
every inauguration a fountain OF IlS ~,
death Be thoughtless in any n.
gears, rather than now-shougn,
deed, there is only one place "p' Sis
man may be nobly thoughtleS' bs
d~eathbed. No thinking should 9'''
left to be done there. R lskln'
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-28
THE PUNISHMENT OF CHILDREN

The question of Furnishing children,
the why and the how, disturbs every
home in which there are children.
That there has been a great advance
in this department of child training
we know, but the problem is not set
tied, if it ever will be.
The Pedagogical Seminary" re-
Gently contained a very suggestive ar
ticle on "Home and School Pun ish.
ments," by Charles Fl. Sears. The
question, "What is punishment" was
sent by the writer to 4e6 persone. A
summary Of the answers defines the
purpose of punishment to be:
To reform the offender, to prevent
wrong doing, to maintain law, to make
the offender see his wrong and try to
correct it, to improve character, to
preserve order, to foster self control,
to deter others from committing the
same tfsnse, to prevent future evils Of
the same kind, to associate a negative
tone feeling with every idea of evil,
to make the pupil a person who can
control himself, not to obtain q quiet
school but a law abiding community,
20 prevent q recurrence of the crime,
to lead children to the right way Of
thinking and acting, to show children
that when they do no obey they must
suffer for it, to get revenge.
By far the larger nu mber assert that
it is to prevent wrong doing or to re.
form the offender.
The punishable ofenses of children
were classified by these correspon-
dents:
1. Any cfenses committed inten
tionally, persi:tently, or by repeated
carelessnese, should be punished.
2 Such Cfenses as are purposely
committed should be punished.
8, Any form of willful d~isobedience
and persistent carelessneas.
4 All offenses that have a bad in
fuence on the offender or school are
punishable.
5. All ofenses should be punished.
None should go without rebuke, al.
though in practice many must.
6 All ofenses which in fuence and
destroy the perfect harmony of the
school and those which destroy the
morals Of either pupil or school.
4. Those of9nses should be pun.
ished which are likely to become ha
bitual, and those that interfere with
the general good to the home and
school.
Ofenses not punishable:
1. l think the only Cf9nse which
should ever 60 unpublished is that
which was committed unintentionslly
by the pupil.
3 Those committed through ::ignor
ance, weakness, fright, or similar
causes, should not be punished.
8 Those ofenses should not be pun.
ished which r committed by the
scholar when he is really try ing to
correct the fault.
4 Slight ofenses which are natural
to children, and from which no harm
can come, do not need punishment.
The aim of punishment, when the
authority administering the penalty is
Intelligent and normal in temper and
nerves, is first to make the c1lprit con
scious OF the crime and punishment.
and that n lie the natural result OF
the other; next t. prevent repetition.
The cumulative sentence system can
be applied to all children and under
all circumstances, the first ofense to
be lightly punished, with increase as
the ofanse is repeated. To teach
righteousness is the end of discipline:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-28
IF WISHING WERE HAVING.

Hev. little Iassies with eyes OF blue,
And brave little laddies with eyes OF Drown
What il q fairy should come to you
And show you the way to Grown. up Town!
Now tell me truly, if / have guessed
That this is the gift your heart holds pest.
Would you drop your dolly and leave your ball
And quit your frolics in fell and glen,
For the sake of feeling yourselves grow tall,
For the BLISS Of being real women ana mems
Saw, little lassies, and laddies too,
Now isut this just what you would dof
Tell me, oh women with wistful eyes,
Ard men who plod on LIES toilsome way,
What il kind fate, in some fairy guise,
Should grant the wish Of your heart todayf
Weighed 10 the balance Of times true test.
Which, of all gifts, would you count the bestT
Would you leave the crowded city mart,
The glitter of gold, the crown Of fame,
To sport as q child with care free heart,
And eyes unclouded by grief or shameE
Tell me, oh World-tired women and men,
Would you be, if you could, a child again3
Ida Goldsmith Norris, IN Ladies Home Jo~rn
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-28
Marriages Between People Of Unequal Ages.
BY MARGARET e. sANGsTER.

mother, brooding which a nan never
grows too old to enjoy.
What everybody Graves in marriage
is to be understood and appreciated,
Disparity Of sge is of small conse
quences when this consummaption is
reached.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-28

Dying, Horace Greeley excl' aoc.-
: Fame is a vapor, popularity an OH %ho
dent, riches take wings, tnOo' only
cheer-day will curse tomorrow
the one thing endures-charac'eI'
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-11-28

That is a suggestive and thoughtful
article, The Forgotten Millions" on
page 4 OF The Progressive Farmer of
Nov. 14sh. In olden days the Psalm
ist exclaimed, "What is man, o G I'D,
that thou regardest him, or the son of
man that th0u art mindful Of himG"
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-07-12
nrnn,ls1nfrs nn0 proylslons,

Observation-Disclosures dizziness pre-
vailed on the board of trade to-day, and
fluctuations in all commodities We're
narrow in consequence. Wheat closed
unchanged, corn unchanged, oats Bc
lower and provisions bpl0c higher.
September wheat opened about &c
lower ut 72JSV73C, sold between I2Ac
and 73Isc and closed unchanged at 1Sc:
Fair weather in the wheat belt and
continued large primary receipts
caused degree OF easlness Mt the start
and n small further decline followed
the opening. The decline was soon re-
covered. There was irregular buying
by .Ie less confident shorts, who fear
ed the influence Of the Russian crop
failure, fresh cOnhSmatory news OF
which was received to-day, and the
absence OF selling pressure OF note was
sufficient to sustain prices. The mar
ket, however, was exceedingly narrow
and price changes small until after
noon, when trade broadened out some
what. Brndstreets reported l7SOOO
bushels decrease In the worlds visible
supply, and reports were received OF
damage to Wisconsin In spring
wheat. II was reported that l,2OO,-
600 bushels OF spring wheat had been
sold Mt Toledo. The buying which fol-
lowed this news advanced the price to
the highest point Of the day, 7Sis. But
the Impression that the Toledo report
was an cxAggerution gained n fonthold
later. as no connrmatory news was re-
celved, and n slow decline followed,
shorts cautiously rGsumlnE selling, The
senshore reported twenty-slX loads ia
ken for export. .
Receipts at primary points We're $50
600 bushels, compared with l26,O00,OOO
bushels last year, Northwest receipts
were 657 cars. against a cars last
year. Chicago receipts we're 1871 cars
1--WE Of which were contract grade.
Trade became dun agaln toward the
close, and the pit at times was
hnlf empty, with the caSlness
usually feature Of narrow trading.
Corn was dull, but fairly stendy, The
market was almost entirely n sympn-
thetlc one. prices following closely the
fluctuations Of wheat Speculative de-
mand was moderate. and cash business
rather small, buyers apparently being
tlmld over the estimated crop OF two
billion bushels, Receipts We're l,lO5
cars. September ranged from a3Mc TO
3ilkc, and closed unchanged at 33Ac,
oats. ike other grains, were cx-
trcmely dull, but steady for the greater
part Of the session. There was u fair
demand for the cash article Longs
sold in a small way, but steadily. and
this liquidation ultimately resulted In
trinlng decline, Receipts We're heavy,
47l cars September ranged from goa
20Ac To 2O7sIgOlac, and closed lac lower
at 20hC.
Provisions were firm and fairly nc-
tive. Speculative demand, both local
ana from the outside, was good, and
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-07-12
1.-Two stock.
UNION STOCK YARDS,
CLAREMONT.


BALTIMORE, Monday. July 10.
SwIne.-Arrivnls this week were $3.50
head. There is light supply Of hogs
and n moderate demand prevails In all
the yards, the receipts being some $500
head less than they were last week. An
Improvement in values Of 5Gl5c Is
noted. Good light far western hogs sell
at 81 5O94 60 per 100 pounds gross: those
from nearer points, light 81 1904 25,
heavy 81 OO6l4 IS; light pigs So 1904 90.
and roughs at So OO8S 5O'per 100 pounds
gross.
Sheep and Lambs.-There is but little
difference In values as compared with
last week. A fair trade for good stocks
OF sheep and heavy shipping lambs is
reported the receipts Aggregating some
thirty-two carloads. Common and light
stock is dull and lower. Old sheep sell
at 2I4Ac, and few extra a shade
higher. Lambs 4U6Ac, and extra
shade higher.
Calves-Venls are slow and values
without notable variation. Prices: "a
6hc.
CHICAGO-There was n fairly ac-
tive demand for cattle to-day at steady
prices Good to fancy s. S0Q5 90; COM
moner 81 65G5 %; stockers and feeders
VI bu1Ib W. bullHt GuNS AuA hNAANAH
g 25d5 is; calves 81 OOG7 co. There was
a big demand for hogs and prices i'd
vanced 5al0c. Light hogs "a OOd4 10;
mixed lots at 81 OO64 l7ls; heavy 50 ESQ
4 IS: culls and rough lots 81 l6d3 So;
pigs 50 G5d3 SIS. Sheep ruled about
steady: spring lambs 81 0OG4 % for
culls up to Sc 5OaG IS for the better
class. Sheep were In demand at 81 750
4 % for ewes up to IS 90 for good fat
sheep. Yearlings brought s. 1895 25.
Recelpts-C Cattle, $500 head; sheep,
1000 head; hogs, 10000 head.
EAST LIBERTY-cattle steady; ex-
ira, IS 45G16 50: prime, IS SOFAS 40; COM
mon, 50 5Od4 90.
Hogs. stronger; prime mediums, best
Workers. and pigs, 81 25GIi 30; fair York
ers, 81 2Odti 25: heavy hogs, 81 1894 20;
grassers, 81 1904 Is.
Sheep firm; choice wcthcrs, 81 SOFAS 90;
common. 50 OOGi3 90; ycarlIngs, s. Goa
3 90: spring lambs, 81 OOd6 %. Veal
calves, 81 ONG7 %,
CINCINNATl-HoEs active and high
er at 50 1904 10,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-07-12
FooLHARDY TRICK.
Cyolist to Ride Week on top of a
Chimney 1915 Feet High.

Cyclist to Ride n Week on top of a
Chimney 1915 Feet High.
New York Journal; Few things in
this world are more useful than a
chimney top, yet it is hardly the place
that the ordinary bicyclIst would choose
as the site for race track.
Yet on the top of the tallest chimney
in Washington. D. c., Alexander NJ.
schreyer is soon to begIFriene Of the
strangest races on record.
In plain view Of thousands Of people
far below him, he Will ride chainless
bicycle for n week. on home trainer,
while dial in front OF the machine VIII
record the miles as he reels them OFT.
II Schreyer succeeds In staying on
the home trainer on the chimney top
he will have accomplished. what no
other blcyclist ever attempted. But
Washington wheelmen say his chances
OF ever coming down from the bicycle
roller race alive are about the same
that n man has who jumps from the
Brooklyn Bridge.
Schreyer. who Is known as the AUS
tralian Whirlwind," declares that ne is
the originator Of ROLLER riding" His
be obtained by bicycle on rollers than
in any other position In which 1t can
be placed. At an deviation Of ten feet
he recently rode mile In b6 3-b.
rhe smoke stack on which he pro.
noses TO reel miles Off the rollers Is all
that remains of the Capital Traction
power house on Pennsylvania avenue,
In washington, which was destroyed by
fire several years ago. Its height is 1875
feet and It is only nine feet In diame-
ter.
The hole in the centre from which the
smoke used to issue Will be boarded
and on the boards Schrcyer VIII set up
his home trainer. ,,
on one side Of the chimney top VIII
he erected n tiny onc-rOom mousse
where the bicyclist will live during the
week In which he Is making his roller
ride. 80.
Al the base OF the chimney II a door
by which Schreyer win gain admission
10 the chimney. Then the door VIII De
locked, and nothing more VIII be seen
on Garth Of Mr. Schreyer for week.
II don't want TO he bothered with nd-
vice" Schrcyer explained yesterday.
sort Of wndlaas Is being construct
ed on the chimney top edge. long
rope win run through It TO the ground,
and by II the blcycliSt VIII receive MS
three meals II day.
To protect Schreycr from the suns
rays n gigantic parasol VIII be fitted to
the handle bars Of his bicycle. To any
ordinary thunder storm he VIII give
no heed. In the event Of an exception
ally severe shower the bicycle WIN he
lowered by the windlass to the ground.
while schreyer will take refuge In his
shed.
with the exception OF the Washington
Monument Schreyer win be the highest
thing In the nations capital,
There can be nothing hidden or Sc
orct about his bicycle riding.
There Ig scarcely my part OF Wash
IngN,n from which he will not be seen.
There viii be no gate receipts.
Az the match 10 only against time.
ana the laws of gravltatlon there VIII
be no prize money for the winner.
10 defrny his expenses Schreyer VIII
sell advertising space on the PcnnSyl-
vnnla avenue side OF the chimney.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-07-12
Wool.

BOsToN-The wool market this
week continues strong and values are
fully maintained. The demand ia fair
ly good, but represents speculative pur-
chascs by dealers as well ms buying for
manufacturers. The bulk OF the busi-
ness doing is yet in territory Brndes, In
Guiding Texas and Oregon. The total
sales Of these woods for the week foot
ed up to about 100000 pounds and the
price obtained is better for the good
woods. For good lots containing fair
amount Of staple, the market ia quota
BILE on the basis secured at iSg5Oc for
fine medium and fine with staple lines
at b2d5ic. F'leeCes are quoted higher
and some sales have been made Mt the
advance, but territory woods have had
the bulk Of the bualness for many
months past Washed ilceces nrc quo
ted about lc higher In sympathy with
other woods. Pulled woods hold Arm.
with prices hardening on the finer
Erndes, but cOAr8cr woods are yet quiet
or. Ohio and Pennsylvania fleece \
and nbove 26G27c; M and NX and
above 2Sd29c. delnlne 30I3lc: No. !
comblng and clothing 3OTalc; No. do
SOC
NEW YORK-NVooI gtpndy.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-07-12

suffered most severely from bear raids
yesterday. BY the time this short in
terest had been covered the market
came to a standstill. the bulls appar-
entity lacking courage to push their adj
vantage in face OF continued stiffness
Of the money market, which held quite
firmly about the legal rate for call
money. Slightly before noon. however.
determined buying movement devel-
oped in the great trunk lines and with
occasional intervals OF duliness, con-
tinued dun for the rest Of the day,
spreading from one group to another
until 1t embraced pretty much the
whole list. The agreement among the
trunk lines to restore rates on grain
to the seaboard was apparently the
cause OF the origin of the buying In
that group. st. Paul's increase in gross
earnings for the first week in July Of
S2O3,s22 prompted the buying OF the
grangers, The high rate for call money
was offered and very large loans made
on the stock exchange at per cent.
The rate eased on TO AZ per cent at
one time, but rose again to per cent.
the demand apparently continuing
large for the increased supply avail
able, Interior exchanges continued to
run against New York, but yesterdays
contraction OF loans had apparently
left the New York banks in an easier
position. Demand sterling in New York
only held firm under the stress of the
high money rate In London, but ster-
ling exchange In Paris and Berlin adj
vanced sharply and discounts were
easier at those centres. Long sterling
in New York weakened an additional
fraction under the sales of futures
based on the expected outward move
ment Of merchandise to begin In a
short time. Among the special points
of strength in the late stock market
were Texas and Pacific, which rose to 20,
and later the whole Southwestern
group. Wall street had rumor Of a
contemplated merger of Wabash and
Missouri Pacific to account for the
strength of those stocks, Northern
Pacific also scored brilliant advance.
recovering more than its dividend,
which was taken OF to-day. There
was Simultaneous advance in Ten
nessee Coal, Colorado Fuel and Ameri-
can Steel & Wire, which rose from 2
to 2% per cent. and also in Chesapeake
& Ohio, Cleveland. Cincinnati. Chicago
& st. Louis and Lake Erie & Western
preferred. After fractional reaction
on professional profit taking prices
were marked up again to near the best
in the closing dealings.
Bonds rallied nomewhat from the
early weakness In sympathy with
stocks. but are generally slightly lower
on the day. Total sales par value
s2,OsO.OOO.
U. S. new As registered declined x
per cent and the old As registered u
per cent in the bid price.
The total sales of stocks to-day were
SO5.5Ss shares.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-07-12

Cash quotations were as follows;
Flour unchanged,
wheat-No, 8 spring 7O9nEc; No. 2
red 72A074c.
Corn-No. 2, s4c; No. 2 yellow CSC.
oats-No. 2, 24024Jac; No. 8 white ESQ
27lAc.
Rye-No. 2. 5Sa5shc.
Flnxseed-NO. /, Csc; new 81 0lls.
Tlmothy-Prime 81 Is.
Mess Pork-Per barrel IS 1908 Is.
Lard-Per 100 pounds IS 17h66 30.
Short Ribs--SIdes Qoose) 81 9595 Is.
Dry sailed shoulders (boxed) SIG
sac.
Short clear sides Cboxed) IS 25G5 80.
Whiskey : Distillers' finished goods.
per gallon, 81 &c.
Clover-Contract grade SO 80.
Butter-Wenk; creamerles l3lsGlSc;
dairies 11Q161sc.
Cheese-Firm at SIk49c.
Eggs-steady ut 12hc.
NEW YoRK-Flour, receipts $4,000
barrels; exports lG. 400 barrels; market
easy and 5Gl5c lower than Saturday.
Wheat. receipts $4,000 bushels; ex-
ports 16i, 600 bushels; spot easy; No.
2 red 1850 {. o. b. aflOat; options opened
easy. closed e1sy and unchanged; July
closed at 7sBc; September closed at
7Sl5c; December closed at soc.
Corn, receipts i25,7OO bushels; exports
440.50O bushels; spot market quiet; No.
2, 4Oc T. o. b. ntioat; No. 2, S9hc eleva-
tor; options opened steady; closed weak
At unchanged prices: July closed at
S9hc: September closed at 39Ac.
Oats. receipts 6S,300 bushels; exports
1900 bushels; spot market quiet; No.
2, 29Ihc; No. 3, 29c; No, 2 white Slc; No.
3 white 29Ac; track mixed western ESQ
31lsc; options dull.
Hay weak. Hops. hides and leather
steady. Beef. cutmeats, lard and pork
firm. Butter steady. Cheese firm. Eggs
easy. Tallow dull. Cottonseed oil firm.
Rosin and rice steady. Turpentlne
flrmer. Molasses firm,
Coffee, options opened steady and
unchanged to FIVE points lower; closed
quiet and unchanged TO ten points low
er; sales 1000 bags.
Sugar, raw easy; refined firm.
BALTIMoRE-Flou quiet; receipts,
1850 barrels; exports, 1900 barrels.
Wheat steady: spot and July, Hq74hc:
August. 74%@747sc; September, 76kq
1910; receipts, 62,0OO bushels; exports.
$4,000 bushels. Corn dull; spot and
July. 37NdSsc; August, 37%03Sc; Sep
TENDER CSC bid; receipts, 1879, 800 bushels;
exports, l2S,5OO bushels. Oats dull and
easier; No. white, 311A@32c; No. mix
ed, 29isdSOc. Sugar strong. Cheese
steady. Butter steady. Eggs steady
at l2c per dozen,
CINCINNATI-Flou quiet. Wheat
quiet: No. red TIC: new 7lhc. Corn
firm: No. 2 mixed SOC. Oats steady;
No. . mixed 2S62Skc. Rye quiet; No. 2,
Csc. Lard firm at S. 1919. Bulkmeats
firm at "a 05. Bacon strong Mt IS 65.
Whiskey quiet at 81 &c. Butter un-
changed; Elgin creamery 19g2Oc;l Ohio
l4Gl6c; dairy l2c. Sugar firm. Eggs
dull at 9GsIsc. Cheese firm. NJ.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-07-12
BALr1MoRE 8 OHIO RAILROAD

Excursions to Atlantic City and Sea-
shore, At Very Low Ratest, Thurs
days, July IS and "a, August 10
and "a.
The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad have
arranged a series Of popular seashoTe
excursions, to be run Thursdays, July
Is and q. August 10 and q. to At
iantic City, Cape May, Sen Isle City.
Ocean CITY. N. j., and Ocean City, Md.
Tickets viii be good fifteen u5) days.
Including day OF sale.
Stop overs will be allowed on return
trip at philadelphia, Baltimore and
washington on tickets sold TO New Jer-
sey resorts and ut Baltimore and Wash
ington on tickets sold to Ocean City,
Maryland.
Tickets will be sold on above dates
from Wheeling for $1,000 round trip for
trains leaving at 1926 and 6:25 a. M,
$3.50 and SEQ p. m.
Call on or address T. c. Burke, pas
senger and ticket agent Baltimore &
ohio Railroad for tickets and full in
formation.