davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
QUAKER CITY WINS.
The Republican National Convention
to Meet In Philadelphia ON
June 10 Next.

Washington, Dec. 1e.-The republican
national convention will be held at
Philadelphia on Tuesday, June 10 next.
The place and date were decided upon
by the national republican committee
Friday after friendly contest for the
honor of entertaining the convention
between the city selected, Chicago, ST.
Louis and New York. The final vote
stood: Philadelphia, "a; Chicago, 90.
The proceedings throughout were en-
thusiastic and harmonious, every speech
that was made emphasizing the fact
that President Mckinley will be re-
nominated and that the convention will
be in effect simply ratification meet
ing.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
MINOR NEWS ITEMS.

Fer the Week Baalng Dee. 10.
Fire partially destroyed the state
penitentiary at Lincoln. Neb.
Lucius r. O'Brien, . famous land.
scape artist, died in Toronto. Ont, aged
81 years.
The United Mine Workers of Ala
bama have declared open war on the
Knights Of Labor.
At Jones, La, mob stretched q
negro to telegraph pole for assault
ing q white woman.
The Comedy theater, one Of the pio-
reer show houses in San Francisco,
was destroyed by ire.
Salt Lake City and vicinity expe-
rienced q severe earthquake shock, but
no damage was done.
Frank Walker (colored) was hanged
at Moundsville, w. Va, for the murder
Of Thomas Sanders, a saloonkeeper.
A frame house 100 years old was
burned in Williamsburg, N. Y, and
three persons were burned to death.
Thomas N. Hart (rep.) was elected
mayor Of Boston by 1900 majority
over Gen. Patrick A. Collins (dem.)
An International Farmers union
was organized at Binghamton, N. Y,
to maintain the price Of farm prod
ucts.
Henry Lands, secretary Of the Bal
timore board of trade, committed sui
eide by jumping from a third-story
window.
Prosecuting Attorney Williams, of
Pawnee county, while arguing a case
in court in Perry, o. T., fell dead with
heart disease.
George w. Shell, who represented
the Third South Carolina district in
congress from 1890 to 1894, died at his
home in Laurens.
At a swimming tournament in San
Francisco II. w. Widemann made new
worlds record, making the 25-yard
dash in IL 2-5 seconds.
John p. Squire & Sons, the largest
pork packers in New England, failed
in Boston with liabilities of So, 900, 900
and assets of $5,000,0o0.
Tables prepared by the war depart
ment show that the United States had
223,235 men on the army muster rolls
during the Spanish war.
At the nineteenth annual session in
Indianapolis of the National Civil Serv-
ice Reform league Carl Schurz, of New
York, was reelected president.
Gen. Jasper Packard, commandant
of the state soldiers home at Lafay-
cite, Ind, and prominent Indianian,
died after a brief illness, aged 81
years.
Commander E. P. Wood, United
States navy, died of typhoid fever at
his residence in Washington. He was
in command of the gunboat Petrol at
the battle of Manila bay.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
THE LA FAYETTE DOLLAR.
First Coin Struck Mt the Philade
phia Mint-To BE Presented to
President of France.

Philadelphia, Dec. 15.-The first La
fayette dollar, the unique specimen au-
thorized by congress in aid of the fund
for the erection of the Lafayette monu-
ment in Paris, was struck off at the
United States mint in this city. This
coin will be presented by the president
of the United States to the president of
France. Fifty thousand of the coins
will be struck and are to be disposed of
at cost of two dollars apiece.
The second coin struck off was for
warded to Mrs. Mckinley, while the
third was given to Mrs. Kate Thyson
Mari, of Washington.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
DAMAGE BY EARTHQUAKE.
Disaster on Island Of Ceram Noyem
her 2 Caused Loss of 5000 Live.
and Much Property.

San Francisco, CAL, Dec. 13.-The
Bulletin says: The disaster that over
took the Island of Ceram on the second
Of last month cost the people of that
district immense loss in life and prop
erty. The steamship America Maru,
which arrived Monday from the orient,
brought advices from Ceram and re-
ports that 5000 people were destroyed
on that island alone when the dreadful
earthquakes of November shocked the
Japanese coast and agitated the islands
adjacent to the empire.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

The Investigations of Vito 10 Bosco,
an Italian hygienist. show that paper
and tapestry wall coverings in houses
are favorable to the preservation Of
disease germs. On the other hand,
walls covered with stucco or good var
nish can not only be readily freed
from germs by washing, but they pos
sess the property of cleaning them
selves spontaneously from bacteria
lodged upon them. It has been found
that the germs Of typhoid, Of chol-
era and of pneumonia, when placed
on such walls, perish within "a hours
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

"A German officer has invented an
acetylene searchlight, which can be
carried by one man, and which will
illuminate everything within distance
Of 100 yards. It is expected to be
Of great use in searching for the
wounded after battle. and in bridge
building at night.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

A charity trust is proposed now.
Theodore sutro, president of the Lee
gal and Medical society, of Pitts
burgh, Pa, suggests that most Of the
1900 weaker charitable organizations
in the city could be advantageously
gathered under one head, with head
quarters in some central location,
whence charity could be dispensed
under one management. Thus ex-
penses would be reduced and the
poor would benefit.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Institute Rurned.

Pittsburgh, Pa, Dec. Is. = Fire de-
stroyed the Western Pennsylvania in
stitute for the deaf and dumb at Edge
wood, the loss being $4,000. The 500
pupils in the building were panic
stricken, but the teachers quickly Sc
cured control of them, and it is believed
that ali were saved.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

1t is a curious fact-well known,
however, to weather experts-that
heavy firing will generally cause rain,
even though the sky was clear be-
forehand. At Waterloo rain came
down IN torrents. So it did in several
of the big battles of the civil war
Gettysburg, for example The ire
mendous conclusion shakes the little
globules Of water which arc always
present invisibly in the atmosphere
togetle; and so brings them down.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

When the clerk Of the senate the
other day read the title of bill in.
PRODUCED by Senator Frye, granting
2 pension to Marcus A. Hanna" there
were smiles from the senator's on the
floor and the spectators in the gal
s1eries, who noticed in the tedious
reading Of the bills by titles that the
name was similar to that Of the jun
dor senator from Ohio. The proposed
beneficiary. however, is not the Ohio
senator, but 3 light house keeper in
South Portland, Me-, who served in
81 Maine regiment during the civ.
war ..53
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

A regimental pigeon post hereafter
will form part of the regular equip
mcnt of every Russian field forc= when
modified. During the last Russian
army maneuvers, experiments with
:he birds were conducted on an ex-
teusive scale. and their utility was
demonstrated. In no case cid ,1he
birds fail to arrive with their mes
sage sooner than mounted messen-
ger would have done.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
MI. Moody Ii Wor.e,

East Mortified, Mass, Dec. .z.-
There is no doubt, viewed even from the
most favorable position, that the condi-
ton of Dwight L. Moody is critical.
Mr.. Moody is likely to die within few
days, and then again, if his disease
should take favorable turn, he may
live, if he is willing to stop work, for
several wears.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Accidentally killed.

Fort Scott, Kan, Dec. 16.-Dr. F. C.
Rainier, physician of this city, was
accidentally killed Friday while hunt
ing with a party of friends near here.
The trigger of his gun caught on post
and his head was blown off. DR.. Rainier
was graduate of the Sterling medical
college of Columbus, O.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

A black record of extraordinary
length against the alleged hotel
thief, Herman Valentine, has been
compiled by Detective Sergeant Will
liam Burke. The evidence shows that
Valentine has operated under 113 diff
ferent names, and the dates were
found in notebook in his pocket.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Not Good KicIsers.

I never heard but one Porto Rican man
make kick about anything. Ifwassitting
on the hotel veranda at Ponce one day when
! merchant came down the street to zee me.
There was vicious bull tearing about the
street, and the animal got after the mer.
chant and run him block and gave him =
toss which landed him on the veranda, a.
most at my feet. Of course went to hin
assistance, thinking, him seriously hurt, but
without a bruise. began to congratulate
him over his escape, but he interrupted mo
with:
Ssenor, 1 like it not. The bull should
have rolled me into the ditch, instead Of toss
ing me up here. Never before was I tossed
upon this veranda, and ] can't make it ont. =
WASHINGTON Post.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

Commenting on the amount which
. spider actually consumed during
"a hours Sir j. Lubbock says: cat
a similar rate of consumption q man
weighing 100 pounds will require o
whole fat deer for breakfast, steer
and five sheep for dinner, and for
supper two bullocks, eight sheep and
four barrels of fresh fish"
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

Paving stones, with coal tar as one
Of the ingredients of their compost
ton, must be regarded as a novelty.
The Germans are making artificial
pavin:; stones, by mixing coal tar and
sulphur, adding chlorate of l.1le. and
then breaking up the mass and adding
broken glass. This is reduced to q
powder and subjected to severe 2rcs-
sure, and the paving stone is ready
for use.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
The Wheat Crop.

Washington, Dec. 16.-,rhe statisti-
clan OF the department of agriculture
reports the wheat crop of the United
States for 1899 at 547 900 bushels,
or 1913 bushels per acre.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
wan Meet in 81. Paul.

Washington, Dec. 13.-The executive
committee of the League of Republican
Clubs selected, st. Paul, MINI, as the
place for holding the next convention
Of republican clubs. The date for the
convention was fixed for the third Tues
day in july.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Mu.t ouit Cirnr.tt..

Atlanta, Ga, Dec. ia. general or
der has been issued by the Southern
railway, applicable to the southern di-;
vision, that all employees must stop
using cigarettes or resign their posi-
lions, and that in future no one will be
employed who smokes cigarettes.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

Aluminium, which had no CONNER
caal existence few years ago, was
produced in the United States last
year to the extent of 100000 pounds,
valued at $1,750,000, which is one
tenth of the cost 10 years ago.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Tragedy IN Tacoma.

Tacoma, Wash, Dec. 16.-Adam Crist
deliberately shot his wife, fatally,
killed his eight-year-old son, seriously
wounded a second, aged five years, ard
then ended the tragedy by putting q
bullet through his own brain. jealousy
+ the only motive assigned for the
crime. 81
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

Greek divers have discovered a
treasure in Russian flagship sank in
Greek waters in 177O Cod coins to
the value of $4,000 have already been
recovered, and the divers report great
stores of silver ami jewels, which the
storms Of a century washed out from
the hulk Of the old wreck.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Brooke Recalled.

Washington, Dec. 14.-By direction of
the president Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood,
U. S. ", has been assigned to the COM
mand OF the division of Cuba, relieving
Mai. Gen. John r. Brooke. u. S. A., who
is ordered to report to the adjutant gen..
eral of the army for further orders.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

Over 100 japanese women following
the profession of divers are found
along the coast of Japan. They are
from II to 30 years of age. Their
earnings are not uniform, as they are
paid according to the amount of their
work, which consists of diving for
agar seaweed, sea ear and cucumber.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Killed by the Cars.

Maria, Tex, Dec. 1e.-A carriage con-
tanning Mrs. Lucy Duncan and Mrs.
John Krupp was run down by South
ern Pacific freight train Friday. Both
were instantly killed. A daughter of
Mrs. Duncan was fatally hurt.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Noted Baptist Clergyman Dead.

Newport, R. T., Dec. 1e.-Rev. DR..
Warren Randolph, pastor of the Central
Baptist church, of Newport, formerly
pastor of the First Baptist church Of
Indianapolis, and a clergyman of ma
tional reputation among Baptists, is
dead, aged "a years.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Assigned.

Columbus, o., Dec. 16.-Philip II.
Bruck, former mayor of Columbus,
made an assignment to j. Nicholas
Turner. The assets are placed at ST.
600 and liabilities at about 100000.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Died In the Poorhou.e,

Red Wing, Mimi, Dec. Is. Charles
Helmeke, foster-father Of .'Swift Wa
ter Bill, = the Klondike millionaire, died
here in the county poorhouse, aged 60.
He worried much over the neglect OF
the boy he had adopted many years
ago.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

Maiwatchin, on the borders of l;,,s-
sia, is the only town in the world ex-
clusively inhabited by men. Iii" Chi
nese women are not allowed to live
in this territory, and are even forbid
den to pass the great wall of Kalkan
and to enter Mongolia. All the Chi
nese of this border town are traders.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

Electric capsules are one of the
latest inventions. A combination Of
chemicals has been invented, and, ac-
cording to the company that manu-
lectures it, a three grain capsule of
It put into IN ordinary battery will
yield enough electricity to run q
16-candle power incandescent light fer
one hour.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Death Of a Noted Shot.

Beloit, Wis, Dec. 16.-John A. Ruble,
famous as trap and wing shot, who
has participated in all great shotgun
contests of the country, died Friday.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
On a Sad journey.

Norfolk, Va, Dec. 14.-The battle.
ship Texas, Capt. C. D. Sigsbee COM
handing, left yesterday for Havana,
to bring back the bodies of the vic
Tins of the Maine.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
KilIed In ! Eight.

Whitesburg, KY. Dec. 14.-Alexan-
der Bryant, John H. Mullins. John 81.
and David Z. Craft were killed near
here in q fight among themselves.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Victim Of Heart Failure,

San Francisco, Dec. 16. Peter Stude-
baker. grandson of the Indiana wagon
manufactures, died here Friday Of
heart failure
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Invitation to Admiral peavey.

San Francisco, Dec. 1e. - An invita-
ton signed by Mayor Phelan and the
grand officers of the Native Sons of the
Golden West, has been sent to Admiral
Dewey, requesting his presence in this
city on Admission day, September 9,
1900
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Prixe Fighter Ikilled..

st. Louis, Dec. is. Henry Neise, Of
this city, was killed by Fred Bellerson,
Of Utah, in q prize fight here.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

Calcutta, Dec. 16. The distress in
the famine-stricken districts is becom.
ing more acute. About 2,25O,O0O per-
sons have received relief.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

A saving.-.sDid you save the country.
Pat@ "How's that?" ffBe your vote -
mo, begorry. But / saved the rent
Philadelphia North American.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Took Him ut hts WORD

Customer-Yon sell cracked eggs At half
Clerk-YeSm; we always make 50 per
cent. reduction on cracked goods. Anything
else to-day?
eyes, you may give me dollars worth Of
cracked wheat. Here's so cents. Colum.
bus co., State Journal.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21

Every baby is the sweetest baby in the
world. You were once considered the
sweetest thing in the world, although you
may not look it now.-London t-Bits. &.
Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1899-12-21
Recruits for ManiIa

Washington, Dec. 16.-The war de-
partment has arranged to send about
thousand recruits to Manila to fill the
regiments which are running short on
account Of death, disease and dis
charge.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1899-07-13

Experiments in reviving frozen in
sects, by $. +. Aaron, show some sur.
prising results. A large Cecropia
moth, frozen in the center of snow
ball until it was perfectly brittle, re-
vived in twenty seconds when held
near a stove. Several newly Matched
10 moths revived in a similar manner
after being frozen stiff, and then thaw-
ed out. Similar experiments with ants,
butterflies and house flies gave the
same results. But Mr. Aaron noticed
that recently hatched insects resist cold
better than older ones
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1899-07-13

automatically, like the bell on a harbor
buoy. The float is so arranged that
late mail matter may be put in up to
the moment the vessel carrying it
leaves the dock. During the present
summer the experimental float now be-
ing built is to receive IA practical test.
1t will be taken to sea, loaded with
thirty-four tons and set atloat in the
presence of a committee of experts. Its
action by day will he observed and the
distance at which its light can be seen
at night measured. After n sufficient
test it will be towed ashore, hoisted out
upon pier by a derrick and opened to
see how the contents have been affect
ed by the water, if at all.
AS every year several hundred mill
ion dollars in gold cross the water. not
to mention private checks. drafts and
money orders, the value of the inven-
ton is self-evident.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1899-07-13
SAFE THAT FLOATS ON WATER.
Sew Device for Saving Specie in Case
of shipwrecS.

The present methods of transporting
bullion across the ocean may be revo-
u,ionized by a device known as the
Anderson safe float. now building in
,hn Crescent shipyard. Elizalpthport,
'. j. The purpose of this invention is
insure the perfect safety of mail
natter, gold and valuables in case of
ire at sea or shipwreck. and it consists
If an elliptical chamber of metal TWEEN
y-two feet long ard fourteen feet
road, tireproof and water tight. Re
ore the vessel leaves port ii Is fixed on
he after deck. Thieves can no more
get into it than into bank vault. and
II case the vessel sinks ii floats free
Until flowed into port.
1t is kept upright by its form and by
putting the heavy metals which 1t con-
aims at the bottom. BY night its pres
ance Is shown by the phosphide of cal
ium light. which is ignited by water.
Hld burns with flame four feet high,
Ealing attention not only to the float
)ut to the boats and passengers that
nay be near 1t, thus giving one more
safeguard to human life. This light is
already used on the Franklin life buoys
ndorsed by the Government.
Electric light can be used If prefer
ed, and the inventor has arranged for
a foghorn and bell. to blow and ring
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1899-07-13
Beware of Ointments for Catarrh That
Contain Mercury,

As mercury will surely destroy the sense oil
smell and completely derange the whole sys-
TEN when entering il through the mucous sur.
faces. Such articles should never be used ex
cept on prescriptions from reputable physi
clans, MS the damage they will do is ten fold to
the good YOU can possibly derive from them
Hairs Catarrh Cure, manufactured by F. j
Cheney & Co, Toledo, o., contains no mercury
and is taken internally, acting directly upon
the blood and mucous surfaces of the system
In buying Halls Catarrh Cure be sure you get
the genuine. II is taken internally, and made
in Toledo, ohio. by f. j. Cheney & Co. Test.
monials free.
Sold by Druggists, price 75c. per bottle.
Halls Family Pills are the best
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1899-07-13

understood that Charles r. Littleficld
would succeed him as the representa-.
tive of the Second Maine District and
election of that gentleman.
AS Dingley's successor he will attract
attention. He is Is years old, a native
Of Marie and prominent lawyer.
He has been speaker of the Maine AS
sembly and attorney general of the
State.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1899-07-13

"Gelototherapeutists." says the New
York Tribune. sis name given to
physicians who treat patients suffering
from various diseases ranging from
bronchitis to anaemia, by prescribing
hearty laughter. A medical journal
suggests that there is great opening
for physicians in studying various ways
of exciting laughter. such as tickling,
farcial comedies, puns, etc."
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1899-07-13

Since 1888 military operations in the
Soudan have cost the British govern
ment nearly $4O.000,0o0. The exact
figures are as follows: For 1883 and
1884, 1850. 697; for 1854 and 1885,
e2, 3S2. 569; for 1885 and 1856. ga
34S, 044; for 1896 and 1897, e79S, 500.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1899-07-13

The consumption of coffee the world
over is growing rapidly. The average
annual consumption in the decade
1870 and 1880 was 792, 900, 600 pounds.
in the next decade it was 1920, 000.-
600. Last year it was $50, 00G, 600.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1899-07-13

A correspondent of the London
Academy writes that bookseller in a
large provincial city recently discov-
cred an assistant arranging four new
copies of Walt Whitman's Leaves of
Grass" on the shelves devoted to books
ON gardening.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1899-07-13

The smallest salary received by the
head of a civilized government is that
of the president of the Republic of An
dora, in the Pyrenees. His pay
amounts to only $l5 a year. He is the
chief magistrate of $4,000 people, and
the territory he rules comprises an area
of $50 square miles. The little state
has been independent since the year
800
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1899-07-13

According to Lurmann, carborundum
(silicpm carbide) can be employed as
a substitute for fer us silicium in the
production of steel, considerable guam
titles of carborundum being already
used for that purnOse.