davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe., 1899-03-29

BICYCLES.
-: 20 Words or. Less, zoe.
UNHEARD OF SNAPS in second hand
wheels. Mems and boys wheels from
IS up; ladies' at SIS and SIT; also have
q few 9S S45 wheels for SIS. Joy Bros,
2s West Fourth st.
FOR SALE-Outside dealers and specula-
tors. make US an offer on second hand
wheels IN lots OF ten. We will give you
Smith & Bro. 325 Wabasha St
CALL and see our line of secondhand
bicycles; we have snap for you; prices
from 81 up. F. NJ. Smith & Bro, 321-S2s-
1926 Wabasha 1T.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15

are built In soliG masonry, which sug.
gests the frowning front of a fort, but
this is necessary, as the pressure
against them Is tremendous. The heavy
granite and brick wall contains seven
other spaces for additional sluice gates,
which are now bricked in solidiy, await
ing the time when Chicago's population
has so greatly increased that the ca
pacity of the channel can be doubled.
Then these gates will be put in to per-
NIT an increased Low into the Des-
PLANES. But the gates, while massive
pieces of engineering work, are not
enough without the bear-trap dam. 1t
is called bear trap because its shape
suggests the old deadfall bear traps
which were once in use by early set
tiers. 1t consists of two hinged metal
leaves which present an inclined face
160 feet in width to the waters. The
place of joining, known as the crest Of
the dam, can be raised by hydraulic
power the turning of valves allowing
water from upstream to flow into cham
bers under the dam and easily raise ita
million pounds Of weight. 1t has total
oscillation Of seventeen feet-that Is,
it can be raised that much from It'll
lowest point If necessary. TO lower it
other valves are turned and the water
from the chambers under the dam are
released to flow out into the tail race
and the great metal barrier settles
slowly down to the required level Over
the top Of the dam the trees, sticks,
barrels and Ice floating on the surface
will be allowed TO pass which would
never get through the sluice gates for
the reason that the water will pass un,,
der the gates, leaving the surface al
most placid and immovable, holding ali
floating objects, and in the course Of
time the windage basin at the end of
the channel would be filled with fioa.l.
ing debris from the twenty-eight miles
Of canal all hurried down against the
end wall. These things will easily pass
over the dam.
The great intercepting sewer system
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15
COMPLETED CHANNEL IN JOLIET.

thence to the Desplaines and "tail
trap DAM" This dam is In itself a
wonder, and has been studied and ad-
mired by engineers from all over the
world.
Not only are the sluice gates and the
big dam effective in case Of floods in
the Desplaines, but are necessary at
all times, for the sanitary district must
by law control absolutely the amount
Of water flowing through the channel,
and must not let it exceed 100000 Gu
bic feet a minute.
SO This dam and these gates can be so
manipulated that only pint of water,
or no water at all, can be allowed to
flow into the Desplaines, and again
they can be so arranged that the capac-
lty of the channel can be doubled. The
main channel ends at Lockport abrupt
ly in a wall six feet thick, made of
stone, and backed up by thousands of
tons Of stone dumped in from the "spoil
banks" There the channel widens
from 160 feet-the regulation width Of
the cut-to "windage basin" 600 feet
wide, in which the largest ships can be
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15

complshed- the labor done shows
that it is possible to construct the Mic
aragua Canal so per cent. cheaper than
was anticipated. 1t was little some
thing for the engineers to dig ditch
through sand for the construction Of
the Suez Canal, it was heroic for the
workers to face fever and miasma at
Panama, the Erie Canal was quite a
bit of work, but in cost, in magnitude,
in difficulties to overcome, the drainage
channel Of Chicago is not rivaled by
these.
The channel is divided into two great
classes of work-the earth secretions,
where all the excavations have been
made in the dirt, and the rock sections.
In constructing the water course it was
found necessary to literally take up a
river, move it to one side, give it new
course, and run the channel through
the old course. When the final route
Of the channel was determined it was
found by the engineers that it would
be necessary to divert the Desplaines
River from its then course-the same
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15

channel through which it was coursing
wnen La Sale, Hennepin and Joliet
came and thought it so great body
OF water that they could not indicate
Oil their maps where its western banks
Were' In summer the stream Is at
POINTS mere brook, but in the SPRING
ume, when the freshets come, 1t Is one
vi the most powerful bodies Of water IN
Tue State. Taking into account, then,
tnat a portion Of the channel Is now
Al what was once the bed Of the Des-
plames, Its entire route is: Mouth OF
onicago River through Its south
branch to the town of Summit; by
earlh excavation to Willow Springs;
through the old bed of the Desplaines
Lemont, partly by solid rock; cut
.ing to Lockport by the same process;
through the controlling works, past
'omeo, to Joliet; to Lake Joliet; thence
i" The Illinois River, and through that
70 the mighty Mississippi. The entire
'ength OF the channel, including that
poruon of the Chicago River used, Is
ABOUT forty miles, formed at cost per
nile Of about $S25,OOO.
II Chicago did not stand at the sum-
ullt OF the watershed between the
paSlns of the Mississippi and the ST..
lawrence Rivers, the drainage channel
aaght not have been constructed, and
ui'ered or boiled water might have
oeeh good enough for the millions. But,
o"ndlng on the crest, an engineer could
teaully see that If the water supply Of
ule city lay on the st. Lawrence side Of
.ne slope, it was absolutely necessary
vlat the sewage should not be deposit
Gu there. This being decided, the re-
Iualnlng question was how to cross the
ulVide and start the sewage west and
SouIh. Hence the drainage channel,
"uu that Is all there Is to the problem
aken up In 1889. In its natural state
,a tne water of Lake Michigan Is unpol-
'u'eu and healthful. The carrying away
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15

which Chicago has inaugurated is, of
course, part of the plan for keeping the
lake free from sewage and directing
the flow of the sewers toward the river
and thence to the drainage canal and
away from the lake, into which they
have heretofore emptied. All of the
city sewers are part Of the system to
deposit contents in the drainage canal,
to be carried away to the Mississippi.
So thoroughly will the sewage be di-
luted by the time 1t reaches the great
river it will make the Illinois far clean
er in appearance than the Mississippi
is now, and so far as the fears of resi-
dents Of st. Louis and towns in Cen
tral Illinois that the drainage channel
will bring disease and death to them
are concerned, eminent scientists have
declared that fish will live in the drain
age canal throughout its entire length.
With the lake pouring into the Chicago
river channel at speed of one and one
fourth miles per hour fishermen may
cast their lines from any of the docks
along the river, which will be filed
with pure, clean lake water.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15

The channel offers a pleasure way
for light water craft from the lake to
Lockport that can be equaled nowhere
so far as safety Is concerned. The
journey down the stream through the
beautiful Valley Of the Desplaines is
extremely picturesque. With water
practically odorless, none of the foul
features Of the old State canal are pres.
ent. Engineers claim that for the first
time in nearly forty years fish can live
in the Chicago River. Some people do
not know that fish cannot live in the
river at present. This Is true. The
river Is so nasty, so filed with sewage
poison that even The toughest OF fish
will not approach 1t.
Some, however, say also that 1t will
be possible to see the bottom of the
Chicago River, something the present
generation of citizens has been de-
prived Of. From the Illinois Centrals
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15

turned around. This basin, Of course,
is locked on three sides by stone walls
extending II feet above the surface Of
the water when the channel Is filled.
On the north wall stands the controll-
ing works. Where the river waters en-
counter the stone walls, they pass
through the sluice gates and over the
dam. The small gates can be lowered,
cutting off the flow of the water, and
the dam can be raised, cutting off some
more, when 1t is necessary. The gates
can be shut down altogether, present
ing an impenetrable front, and the rear
drop dam can be raised until 1t Is as
high as the level of Lake Michigan.
Then the water will stand still. 1t can
not flow uphill.
Each gate weighs 20 tons, but so
nicely are they counterbalanced that
but few men are required to work the
machinery to raise or lower them. They
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15

The channel of the canal is SO feet
deep, has a capacity for thirty-five feet
Of water, and a current speed of one
mile and one-fifth per hour. Either
100000 or 600,00 cubic feet Of water
can be carried through it per minute.
If the water covering this forty miles
could be taken out and land-locked, it
would make larger lake than any in
Illinois, and fully the equal of Mime
tonka or White Bear in Minnesota.
If an effort could be made to drink it
up at one gulp, it would take consider
ably more than 100,O000O0,OOO,0 900 peo-
pie to consume it. 1t it were spread
fiat over the surface of the earth to the
depth Of one inch, it would cover Illi-
nois, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa,
Missouri and good portion Of Ne
braska. Could 1t be attenuated to a
depth of three and half feet a row
boat could travel over it for more than
800 miles. If a fire engine, throwing
1,200 gallons Of water per minute, were
to attempt to pump the channel dry,
it would be occupied over 800 days in
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15

lake again, channel was cut. chaDp-
ing the course of the Desplaines, at
Lockport. Thirteen miles of channel
2oo feet wide was dug parallel to the
main drainage channel, and levee
nineteen miles long was constructed to
Keep the Desplaines from flowing into
the main drainage channel in "hood
tides" At the head of the diversion a
splllway was also built, which is aptly
termed a safety valve. 1t consists Of
a great dam Of concrete and stone. 397
feet long, and having a crest sixteen
teet above the surface of Lake Michi-
gan.
Many contractors underestimated, to
their cost the work necessary in exca-
walton. Finally the bulked effort was
to accomplish the maximum of work
with minimum Of men, and the great
cantilever crane, steam shovels and
other devices were a result. Incline
railway carrying cars were used, vast
steel pans employed A half-ton blast
OF dynamite on the rock sections was
but an ordinary charge, fired several
times a day. Millions of pounds of
giant powder were used. The boring
was done by pneumatic power drills.
When a signal whistle announced the
firing of the holes, the men scurried to
shelter sheds. Tremendous explosions
followed. At one time eight tons of
dynamite were used in a single day.
The controlling works at Lockport
constitute the most important part of
the drainage system. These provide
against the water ever diverting the
current. They consist of seven i'm
mense sluice gates, through which wa
ters can proceed to the tail race" and
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15
HoAxlNo A BRITISH FLEET.
How n Stupid 1rishman Baff1ed the
Euglish Sailors.

An amusing story Is told of the hoax
ing of a British fleet by "a stupid Irish
man" during the recent naval maneu-
vers. 1t appears that during an attack
ON Bere Island by some of the vessels
of the ''B" fleet the officer at the Hut
received Instructions from Castletown
coaSt-guard station to gather up all
kilograms and secret pans, send man
away with the same to hide in cave,
and on no account to let them fall into
the enemy's hands. With the remain
der of his crew he was then to show
fight until the last. In the meantime an
attacking force of eighteen men and
an officer had been landed, which
marched to the Hut and secured its
surrender. All search for the secret
papers, however, proved useless, and
the men at the Hut maintained a pro-
found silence to all interrogations.
During the afternoon one of the men
Of the Castletown coast-guard station
had been sent to Bere Island with the
pay of the men. Upon arrival there he
proceeded at once to the Hut (having
previously disguised himselD and found
himself surrounded by the invaders,
who wanted to know his business. He
posed as an old naval pensioner, stat
Ing that he was a native, and was try
ing, with the help of his small pension,
to make living on the island by cut
ting and selling turf. He had provided
himself with a turf-cutting spade i'm or
der to give color to his story.
Ihe sailors OF the invading party
were very sympathetic, and advised
him to go to England, where he would
be sure Of getting work in one of the
royal dockyards. After getting the in
vaders into a good humor he immedi-
ate,y went In search Of the man with
the secret documents in his possession.
With the aid of some of the islanders
he found the man he was in search of,
took from him all the documents,
which he hid in two baskets of turf,
and returned to the Hut. This time
the sub-lieutenant in charge of the in
vaders took him In hand and closely
questioned him with view to obtain
some reliable informal tion regarding
the defenders, but adj to no purpose.
At last the sub-lieutenant dismissed the
man, with the remark that he was the
most stupid Irishman that he had ever
met. Little did the officer imagine
that the supposed stupid Irishman was
the very man they wanted, as at the
time he had in his possession all the
documents the invaders were search
ing for.
During the night the enemy's fotilla
left Berehaven, going west, disconnect-
ing the telephone at the Hut before
leaving. Gazette.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15

doing so. In continuous depth 1t Is
the largest channel in the world con-
structed by man, over 100000 cubic
yards of material having been taken
out of it, Of which over 100000 Gu
bic yards is rock. More than 100000
men have been employed in its con-
struction, the largest number of men
at work at one time being 5000. The
possibility exists Of developing along
the channel water power equal to
2,.OOO horse power. Public sentiment
at present is against utilization for
mechanical purposes, but the power
which can be developed would be sutfi-
cient to illuminate every street and al
lev in Chicago with electric light. Less
than two score Of lives have been lost
in the construction work, and no wages
have been paid of less than $1.5O per
day for labor. Between $6,OOO,OOO and
$1,000 900 worth of land was purchased
by condemnation or otherwise for the
right Of way.
The history Of the construction Of the
canal is interesting. After years Of
preliminary surveys and figuring, prec-
edent necessarily to such a gigantic
undertaking, earth was first broken In
the great waterway on Sept. 3, 1892,
ON the Lemont rock cut, and the day
has since been celebrated as school
day" on each succeeding anniversary.
since then the contractors have cut
through twenty-eight miles Of solid
earth and rock, making a canal approx
imately 100 feet wide. If the earth,
loose stone, top soil ("glacial driftD ex-
cavated were dumped into Lake Michi-
gan, into forty feet Of water, 1t would
make an island a mile square, rising
eight feet above the surface OF the
water.
In order to arrange for "river diver
sion" and control the stream at all
times, so that it could not overflow and
hack I'D the Chicago River INTO the
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15
A Chivalrous Urchin.

The first specimen Of true manly chiv-
alry-the very pattern Of n small knight
who holds the rights Of his lady love
sacred-was encountered the other day
In Cambridge kindergarten. The
teacher discovered that very small
boy, not more than years old. was
chewing gum, and she ordered him out
and bade him disgorge 1t.
II can't" he said.
"You can'tT she answered I'm sur
prise. "Why, yes, you can, and You
must"
mo, can't" he persisted, and kept
the gum in his mouth.
"Now, why can't you give me that
gum, Johnny" the teacher asked.
Because" said Johnny, stoutly, "it
belongs to Little girl In Somerville."--
Life.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15
C+ : b&&'a21,Ssee2{ b&$&4'a2,Se2iasS 4ss$t,

OF the sewage means the doing .uo ~
win costly aqueducts and great arti-
aetal ca storage basins. New York goes
uitV miles for its water supply, and
Tue aqueducts which convey It have
COST over $3O0CO,00O. Boston JOURNEYS
twenty miles, and has paid SIS 700 600
NJ nr, d. oricE conduit and storage basins.
rnliadeiphia is spending 500, 100000 in
an effort to find pure water. CHICAGO
Dy paying S33,00O,0OO for the drama ge
canal mas pure water at its lake front
Tree OF cost, save pumping through the
liains' Inc supply comes from nat
uraI basin $40 feet deep, with an area
OF Z6'oOo square miles-32O miles long
and 80 miles broad.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15
9@EMT

Ao1ITH the competition of the
'WW great drainage canal, the tax
UG payers Of Chicago can reckon
rbo enormous sum of $33,000,OOO
.aot W they have put into this big ditch,
@ "I-h a possible incidental expense of
t0n or fifteen millions farther along.
mh,s work Is q monument to the en-
1aovors of the people to secure pure
,roter. and yet 1t IS estimated that out
~ the 100000 people residing in Chi
.ooo 100000 have never seen the
oSonnel, Of whom large proportion
oonnot tell where it starts or where it
ends It almost passes understanding
tbe gigantic work that has been ac-
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15

stump in their yard and putting down
into the hole the handle of an old red
umbrella, whose best days had gone
by. Stout twine had been tied on each
point Of the umbrella and fastened to
a peg driven In the ground near the
stump. Then vines were planted,
which crept up these pillars of twine,
making just the incest little retreat
imaginable for hot day.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15
PLEASANT SUMNER HOUSE.
Something that the Children Will
Thorough y Enjoy.

A nice little summer house may be
constructed from an old umbrella and
the stump of tree. Sometimes this
stump is planted full of vines and
flowers and then 1t is thing of beauty,
but oftener it is left unadorned and
ugly. Some little girls made a nice
playhouse for themselves this summer
by boring q hole in the middle of the
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1899-12-15

Don't leave the table," said the
hndlady, as her new boarder rose from
his scanty breakfast. 81 must, madam;
It's hard wood, and my teeth are not
what they used to be."-Tlt-Bits.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-19
Labor Unions and How to Make Them
Paw,

There is a man named ARTHUR, PETER NJ.
ARTHUR. He is a locomotive engineer and
he is the Chief Of the Brotherhood or Union
Of the Locomotive Engineers Of the United
States When this man enters the Office Of a
railroad president he is treated with as much
respect and consideration az il he were one
OF the largest stockholders or some other
person Of like distinction. His word is
unimpeachable; his honesty has never been
impugned. He has the confidence and the
respect OF the employers and the employees
and he stands for all that is good and hon.
orabe in trades-unionism, theoretc and
practical.
No one has ever heard OF Mr. ARTHURs
calling out" the engineers on a great line
OF railroad because a Wall street stock
jobber wanted the price Of its shares
depressed in the market and was willing to
pay well for bringing about a strike. No
one ever heard OF his ordering a railroad to
adopt new style of locomotive that would
enable it to dispense with half OF its engi-
neers, And no one will ever hear of his doing
any Of these things. He doesn't know how
to do them. He is an honest man. Heis not
in the union for his personal use. He is in
it for his fellow workmen, and all his ambi-
ton is to serve them well and faithfully.
That he does; and in the doing OF it he has
the respect and admiration Of THE sun.
One would suppose that that powerful
organization, the Stone Cutters Union Of
Chicago, would try to select as its head
man like Mr.. ARTHUR in place of the man
it now has. This man. whose name is
SULLIVAN. has been conspicuous lately
in the public view by reason of the
strenuous and passionate opposition that
he has made TO certain ceremonials in
connection with the laying OF the cor
nerstone Of the new Chicago post office.
This opposition he offered, it seems,
TO abate for a consideration OF 5000. A
man like Mr.. ARTHUR would never have
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-19

been immersed in such criminal disgrace,
because man like Mr.. ARTHUR never
would have created fictitious and facti-
tious grievance for the purpose of being
bought of.
These considerations apply to all unions
The fatal haste to get wealth infects their
management The men at the head are
not all ARTHURs and they yield to the
temptation to make money by using the
power and influence Of the union for their
own profit This is the reason why we have
strikes declared on our surface railroads;
this the reason why union workingmen
are Idle and why union workingmen are
impoverished by assessments to provide
for idle men who ought to be- at work.
This is part OF the reason, II not all Of the
reason, OF the strike In THE SUN office. and
this Is why united labor Is being assessed
to enable professional workingmen and
men OF the character of DELANEY the leader
Of the Typographical Union. to conduct a
futile and stupid boycott.
The labor unions had better seek out the
PETER NJ. ARTHURs in their ranks and then
they may come to enjoy the sympathy of
the public and the respect Of The Sun.