davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Decorah-posten., 1899-01-03
&tliiaIn / Slad s,ias.

Gotpdro gonce, pr9iioent al
BeItern 5eoeratior al Winsrs, bar
netop afld9t ct geisg i 9rubsleirens /
Slad Sias, og ban flyer, at ban blsp
me9et operruitet oper ben alminbslige
gslitdno % bet Sip os ben Srafit, iom
berIteoe / bette WinebiItritt. G.lo
bersr ban biemme / Butte. Wont., pg
Der par Der fulot op al @rbeioslsie,
meoens Der / glad SiGs nspps par Ell
leot9 Wano at ie. WGnosne III 9ans
tie COB Ssn, % Der fpntes at bare
fulo top at Qrbeibe for ale. 9ppce
fulot Op at 2trbsibs for ale. gonce
ertlGreoe glat 6ias for at p9re bet
melt blomitrenos @rubebiftritt, ban
bar be'sgt pud line Reiier i 9eitsn.
sslumorosiOriOs al en- ibenif Yiss.
Sra Ibsrbeen melbss 2Sbe Dec.
Sisne Setteritrsm Geberftrsm0
giorbs / Gftermibbas ct frusteslsft
Selpmorosforise peo at tase en- for
Dolls S~auodnum. Oct opoagebss tbs
moi til, at 29gerns tunbe rebb. benos.
Wiiis Setteritrsm bar ! flere Maanes
Der 2ptalreoatter at "Sailp Star"
og er en- begapet Pise. s bet iibite
bar bun pnret uoen arbeioe, pg Sors
t%oilelie berober ansipes ION a~aria9en
til henhes Selnmnrhafnrfen
Decorah-posten., 1899-01-03

Cendn0ntng
Song umbsrto bar unberfr.pst en-
Jororoning, bOorefter g~snadbuing
tiloelss ale BEN, Tom ipaorss beltog /
grsosurolisbeoerne i Stalisn. TOO
osmt.s at be militar. os omtrins
1000 al be cipils Rettsr til en- tortere
eaer lpn9srs Straf. 2as bar M
faast fin 8ribeo. llnotasns er tun
samls Jor6rpbsrs, Tom bar meb.
Decorah-posten., 1899-01-03
Spt Speftahu.

StOrmenbs Sptrin bar after iunoet
Steb | bet uneurits ll~nosrbus. Wini.
fterprGiioent b. ganfp foriOarebe RE
g~isringsns politit. Og Ssire tlappsb.;
men bu 6espnbte 8enitrs at bolbe
iligt GsOer, at man life tuno. bsrs
et Orb.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25
PURIFYING SOUR SOILS.

The value of lime in purifying sour
soils is such as to make it's general use
very necessary. Lime is not fertili-
ger in the strict sense OF the world, but
in connection with manure it is often
absolutely essential to the fertilizing of
the soil. Land gets sour from one
cause or another, and some soils get
manure sick" It is possible to so
feed the soil that it gets indigestion,
and the more that is piled on the less
it seems to produce. have seen soils
50 rich that they could not produce
more than very small crops. They
were manure sick and sour.
II is at this stage that lime comes in
to correct matters. A top dressing of
lime on such soil will do more good
than a thousand dollars worth of com
mercial fertilizers. 1t is possible to
raise abundant crops for several years
in succession on such soils by simply
giving them a top dressing of lime
every year. 1t is owing to this that
some farmers have gathered the inn
preston that lime is a good fertilizer.
The action Of the lime was not to fur
nish any plant food but simply to cor
rect the acidity OF the scil 80 that the
abundance of fertility could be taken
up by the crops.
Lime is good sometimes to kill Ger
tain germs which multiply in the soil.
Thus the bacteria which causes club
foot il caboagos will be killed if the
land is dressed in the spring with lime.
1t has beneficial effects in other ways
too, 1t tends to loosen an disintegrate
the texture of the soil so that the drain
age is better srd the mechanical Condi
tion of the soil is improved so the roots
of the plants can extend downward
for water and food.
Lime is of value on the manure pile
at times. Mixed in with the manure
it will tend to sweeten it, and it will
enter the soil in conjunction with the
fertilizers to perform its work here.
Where heavy dressing of manure has
caused the potato scab in these tubers,
it is wise either to dress the land with
lime or to mix lime with the manure
just before applying it.-A. B. Barrett.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25
RALEIGH, N. c., APRIL 25, 1899.

been of late a great deterioration in
farm values and a large and steady
trend Of farmers and farmers children
toward the cities This is for variety
OF reasons-lack Of school advantages,
d fiji Guilty in obtaining good help on
the farm, bad roads and lack Of money
making opportunities. A condition of
affairs prevailed. however, in one local
ity Ct the State that seems pre- emf
nently significant. This singular con-
trast with other sections of the State
was found in the vicinity of Ithaca at
which il. located the Government Agri.
cultural Experiment Station and the
agricultural college. There was an air
of prosperity about the farms not found
in other sectors. The farmers were
full Of hope and their children ex-
pressed the determination to remain
in the country and follow agricultural
life. Inquiry brought forth the opin
ion Of the farmers that the station is a
direct help to them and that the entire
conditions there are different from
those in the bulk of the State. Not
only this, but it was found that the
indirect influence Of this institution
was greater even than the direct. One
farmer hundred mi es from Ithaca
who had taken a course of agricultural
training at the college, was carrying
the benefits Of his scientific knowledge
into his community. His neighbors,
seeing how superior MS methods over
theirs, are quick to profit by it. This
led to an investigation as to whether
the same condition prevails in the
vicinity Of other agricultural colleges
and government stations; the inquiry
proved that they are all bearing excel
lent fruit. Farmers come long dis
tances to see and learn about the prin
ciples than underiie scientific agrIcuI
ture. They also stimulate correspond
ence as to the best methods Of cult
walton of particular crops, OF getting
rid Of farm pests, etc, etc.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25
AGRICULTURE.
BROOM CORN.

Some Suggestions From Mr.. Patrick,
FINEBLUFF, N. @, April 20, 1899.
Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
lam sending you through our Sea
board Air Line agent at your station,
a home made broom, that was made
out of broom corn grown as an expert
ment on the Seaboard Air Line Expert
ment Farms. The straw, you will
notice, is somewhat brittle, because we
allowed the seed to ripen before the
straw was cut. We did this 80 as to save
the seeds to distribute among farms
The proper way to cure the straw is to
bend the stalk about eighteen inches
from the head some days before the
seed become matured Then the straw
cures a green color and is very tough
and wiry.
Another way to cure it, is to cut the
head from the stalk before it is fully
matured and dry or cure it in the
shade. We are also sending you mum
Der of packages of broom corn seed,
which you can give to those you think
would take an interest in experiment
ing.
The broom factories along our line
the past season have had to pay about
one hundred dollars ton for the straw.
At this price, or even at sixty dollars
a ton, it pays to grow the broom corn.
We have had the rough brooms made
just to chow, that it is impossible for a
farmer 20 experiment with the broom
corn and utilize what he makes, as the
brooms are serviceable around the
homes of our farmers, and it will save
in the run of year, fifty cents on each
farm, if they use brooms made at
home; and on an average there are
probably four thousand families to each
county, and this would be saving of
two thousand dollars a county. Be-
sides, it could encourage the establish
ment of small manufacturing indus
tries in the country. We send too
much money away from our South
LII 46sCb 4AOlA VhO SA1O4O W ghO
grave we are patronizing outsiders.
The cradle to rock the baby, is made
in Michigan, and the spade to dig the
grave of the grand papa is made in
Pennsylvania. Our prayer books in
New York and our shoes in Massachu
setts; our watches and clocks to indi
cate the time of day to go to work, is
made in Connecticut, the agricultural
implements in the Western and North
ern States. We cannot start big fac
tories at once, but small industries can
be started that will grow into factories
as our people learn. We have been
urging our people to start canning fac
tories and put up vegetables and fruit
for market, snG the outcome has been
that more than three hundred small
canning outfits have been brought and
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25
COWPEAs FOR SWINE AND CAT
TIE.

When cowpeas are planted for green
manure, it is an excellent practice to
turn hogs into the field about the time
that the first peas are ripening, says O
recent bulletin. Young pigs thrive
Rme Zingly on the sucCulent foliage and
we'll filed pods, and the quality Of the
pork raised on such a healthful and
nutritious diet is very fine. This is a
profitable method of fattening hogs or
Of preparing them for topping off with
corn or sorghum for market. An acre
of ripening cowpeas will pasture from
fifteen to twenty hogs for several
weeks and the gain in fertility from
the droppings Of the animals during
that period will more than counter bal.
ance the fertiliZing value of the forage
eaten. The rapid increase in weight
will thus represent so much clear profit,
and the farmer is richer by half ton
or more of prime pork for every acre
planted. Chickens and turkeys also
eat the ripe peas and do well upon
them. Cattle and horses are some
times pastured on them, but the safer
and more economical way Of feeding
the green cowpea vines to such stock
is to cut or pull and feed partially
Wilted. There will be less waste and
destruction from tFampltng, and II
each animal is given only so much as
it can eat clean, the greatest economy
as we'll as greatest profit will result.
Furthermore, cattle and sheep are
liable to bloat If allowed to eat too
ravenously of cowpea vines or any
other rich and succulent forage, and
by using it as a soiliug crop the dan:
ger may be more readily controlled
and the loss prevented. The3 report
has been sent out from some of the
Northern experiment stations where
this forage plant is not ordinarily cul-
tiveted, that cattle will not eat the
green vines except after having been
starved to it, and then only spaTingly.
We have seen Western horses and
ponies that would not touch red clover
or grain ration Of oats; and Eastern
stock that would not eat alfalfa hay.
But these few adverse cases do not
prove that red clover, alfalfa, and oats
are not good forage. With the cowpes
the case is similar. It is very rarely
that any Southern planter reports that
this forage is refused by any kind Of
etock.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25
No. IL
THE RELATIVE AGRICULTURAL
RANK OF DIFFE RENT STATES

The estimate of the Department Of
Agriculture Of January 1. 1899, of the
crops of the year 1898, furnishes some
interesting reading, says Wallace's
Farmer. Iowa leads all other States
in corn by nearly 55, COG. 600 bushels,
Illinois being second, and the value Of
it's corn is about $8,OO0,OOO more than
the State just mentioned.
In wheat, Minnesota takes the lead
with rs, 900 900 bushels, followed by
Kansas with "a OOO,0 bushels, and
North Dakota with St, 600, 600 bushels.
Minnesota leads all other States in
value to the amount OF about $10,-
900 900.
In oats, Iowa leads Illinois. the sec
ond State, by As. OCO 600 bushels, and
her production is almost equal to any
other two States put together.
In rye, Pennsylvania takes the lead
With 447 600 bushels. New York is a
close second with 4,Ol4 900 bushels and
Wisconsin third with 444 900 bushels.
In barley, Minnesota takes the lead
with 9 $50 COO bushels; Iowa a close
second with 9,133, ,OCO bushels.
The Western States ere not in it
when it comes to buckwheat, Pennsyl-
vania leading with O85 600 bushels,
and New York a close second with f.
O68 bushels, each one Of them exceed
ing the entire yield Of all the States
except the other.
In Irish potatoes, New York takes
the lead with "a, 900, 600 bushels, Iowa
following with 100000, Wisconsin
next with $1,000 900, and Michigan
with ii 600, 600 bushels.
In the production of hay, Iowa again
leads with 100000 tons; New York
second with 40, 900 tons.
In live stock, Texas leads in the num-
Der of horses with 1,137, 900, Illinois
second with 1908 600, and Iowa third
with 981, ZOO.
In mules, Texas leads with 266, 600,
Missouri following with 1873 coo.
In milk COWS, New York leads with
1 458 900, Iowa second with $50, 600,
and Illinois third with 1 900 600.
In ''other CATTLE" Texas leads with
4 533 900, Iowa second with 2.163 900,
ana Kansas third with 075 900.
IN sheep, Montana leads with ST.
COO, New Mexico second with 128. 900,
and Ohio third with 2 730 600 The
agricultural States are not in it when
it Games to eheep.
In hogs, Iowa leads with 4O8, 0CO,
Missouri second with 2,949 600, and
Texas third "a matter of some surprise
to us) with 2 684 600 1t may be news
to our readers that Georgia, Alabama,
and Mississippi have each more than
half as many hogs as the State OF Iowa,
and North Carolina, South Carolina,
Arkansas, and Tennessee each c0nsid-
erably more than a third. While
there has been a decrease in the num-
Der of hogs In the United States, there
is a gradual increase in the number re-
ported from the South.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25
IMPROVING FARM LANDS.

The Northern farmer takes the
greater part of two years to get out of
clover what the farmer in the cotton
belt can get from the cowpea in two
months. There has been q great deal
written about growing clover in the
South, and there are doubtless certain
sections in the upper South where the
conditions of soil and climate make
clover a valuable crop. But all over
the cotton belt there is no crop which
men attempt to grow that has been a
greater failure than clover, and we
have long wondered why the Southern
cotton farmers ever wish to grow it.
Coming South of Virginia and into
the cotton country proper, the coWpea
fourishes as it does nowhere else under
the sun. With this crop the Southern
farmer can grow more and better hay,
when properly cured, in two months
than the Northern farmer can get out
of clover in a year or more. He can
accumulate as much fertility in the
shape OF nitrogen from the air by the
aid Of the cowpea in that short sum
mer time as the Northern farmer can
get through the use of clover in a year
or more. And he can get all this work
done for his soil after he has gotten a
crop of grain from the same land, and
can then prepare the soil for another
grain crop the same season.
Why then should our farmers want
to grow clover at alI7 1t takes men a
long time to learn that the crops of one
section are not always the best CT ops
for different one, and that if we wish
the highest success, we must study
our climate and soil.
There is hardly an acre Of the red
clay uplands of North Carolina that
under a good system Of farming that
will not come to make so bushels of
corn and as much of oats per acre,
with cowpea hay in the greatest abun
dance, and yet the average corn
crop of the State is about 8 bushels
per acre. We met a gentleman some
years ago on the train near Spartan
burg, s Q. He said that he came there
from the North few years after the
war, and began to farm for wheat,
corn and clover. H9 said that his
neighbors told him wheat could not be
grown successfully there, and his hrst
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

crop looked like it, for he grew but six
bushels. But he went on with his
regular rotation, but abandoned clover
and put in peas, because he said he
could work faster with peas, and the
year saw him he said that his wheat
crop was 35 bushels per acre, and he
believed that he would in a few years
get so bushels. When the grain crops
in g rotation get to anything like these
figures, these crops cease to be looked
on merely as supplies" and assume a
character as sale crops and profitable
ones. Let US study the wonderful
capacity of our Southland and make
her blossom as 8 rose by real and good
farming W. E. Massey, in Christian
Advocate.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

In another column we give a letter
from Mr. E. B. Barrett on "Purifying
Sour Soils" Mr.. Barrett, however,
makes a mi5ta when he advises
farmers who have unproductive rich
soils TO apply lime every year"
for number of years in succession.
The best agriculturists agree that lime
should not be applied so often. For a
better derstanding Of this question,
read ''Nu ritive and Stimulant Man
ures" IN The Progressive Farmer of
April 18sh.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

We are very anxious to make The
Progressive Farmer of special benefit
to every farmer who reads it. We are
also anxious to hear from our numer
GUS farmer readers on farming sub
jects. Have you made mistakes in
farming7 Tell our readers of them in
order that they may avoid making
them. Have you been successfuI9
Tel our readers by what means sue
cess was attained. Do you want in
formation regarding any farm crop,
any kind OF stock, fruit, or grass or
diseases of these7 If so, write us at
once. We want you to realize that
The Progressive Farmer is the farm
er's own paper, and we want you to
use it, write for it and work for it. We
went to help you and want you to
help us.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

Mr. Herbert J Webber, a vegetable
patholcgjet Of the Department Of Agri
culture who has been working on some
interesting experiments in the nature
Of producing a hardy orange, has just
gone South to undertake the second
stage of his operations. While the
CONNIE rCial orange is a tropical fruit,
the japanese have long had a hardy
ornamental orange CITRUS tritoliata),
which, however, bears worthless fruit.
Mr.. Webber has been crossing the two
oranges with the idea of producing a
ny brid wbica will possess the fine fruit.
ing qualities Of the orange as well as
the hardness of the tritoliate. IL is a
we'll known fact that by ybrids are likely
to combine the best traits of the two
parents and Mr.. Webber has succeeded
in growing scma 1000 plants which
distinctly chow the traits If both the
orange and the tritoliate. o. course
only actual tests Of the frost resisting
quslities Cf these seedlings can deter
mine their value and Mr.. Webber is
now in Northern Florida and Georgia
budding his seedlings upon tritoliate
trees in those sections where frost
regularly occurs. He expresses the
utmost confidence in having produced
orange wood which will bear good
oranges and at the same time be to
some extent at least, frost resistent,
although an ideal hardy orange may
not have been attained at this fret
crossing. Last winters freeze in Flor
ida, causing the loss of hundreds OF
thousands of dollars worth Of fruit
shows the great possibilities of such
work.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

In a recent Cornell bulletin, "An,
nual Flowers" ," by Prof. l. II. Bailey,
author of principles Of Agriculture, 5"
many methods of beautifying rural
homes and schools are referred to.
Talking to the boy who has bsen given
a garden spot for his very own, Prof.
Bailey says:
Let me tell you how to water the
plants. wonder if you have a water
ing pots If you have, put it where
YOU cannot find tive ara going to
water this garden with a rake. We
want YOU to learn, in this little garden,
the first great lesson in farming-how
to save the water in the soil. If you
learn that mUcn next summer, you
will know more than many old farm
ers do. You know that the soil is moist
in the spring when you plan t the seeds.
Where does this moisture go to7 1t
dries up-goes eff into the air. II we
could cover the soil with something we
should prevent the moisture from dry
luk ups L1oG uS OONOA ~ "4S0 q 10y "a
of loose, dry earth. We shau make
covering by raking the bed every few
days; once every week, anyway, and
oftener than that if the top soil be-
comes hard and crusty, as it does after
a rain. Instead of pouring water on
the bed, therefore, we shall keep the
moisture in the bed. If, no Wever, the
soil becomes 80 dry in spite of you that
the plants do not thrive, then water
the bed. Do not sprinkle it, but water
it. Wet it clear through at evening.
Then in the morning, or when the sur,
face begins to dry, begin the raking
again to keep the water from getting
away. sprinkling the plants every
day or two is one of the surest ways to
spoil them"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

The time for planting-the beginning
OF the crop-is almost here. See that
your boy has a copy of Prof. Bailey's g
Principles of Agriculture" before the
season begins. 1t will teach him some
thing of the science of farming and
greatly increase his interest in farm
work. Perhaps you are not able to
send him to an agricultural college,
but you can at least get him copy OF
this book and if he is made of the
right stuff" he will study it and more
than repay you for it's cost. We will
send copy postpaid to any address
upon receipt of price, 81 25.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

Now that you are starting a crop, do
not forget or neglect your garden.
Treat it fairly, and it will save you
many dollars that would in its absence
be spent for supplies from the village
store Besides, you cannot keep good
health unless you eat plenty Of fruit
and vegetables. But do not expect your
oVerburdened wife to do all the work
the garden demands.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

cannot be too often repeated, nor too
strongly emphss zsd, that it will not
pay to raise scrubs, and if the owner
OF mare worth keeping on the farm
cannot breed her to a really good horse,
one belonging to some one Of the classes
in demand, he would save money and
trouble by letting her go INBRED
through the season.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

put into operation by the farmers of
the S9aboard Air Line.
With kindest regards, I am,
Very truly yours,
JOHN 7. PATRICK,
Chief Industrial Agent.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

Here's a valuable bit OF advice which
we clip for the benefit of horse owners.
1t Is from the Texas Stock and Farm
Journal and deserves a place in every
farmers scrap book:
The sensible farmer will not be fright
ened By what seems to be a big stallion
lee It the stallion is himself all right.
lie may be unable to pay it or it may
oe very inconVenient for him to pay it,
o1t It by any reasonable sacrifice
somewhere in his plans for the season
ne can pay it the investment will be
ohe OF the very best he can make. It
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

The farmer who is too stingy to buy
good farm tools aud machinery is more
foolish than economical. The politician
who makes speeches on the political
issues OF a hundred years ago and re
fuses to study the questions of to day
and the farmer who tries to farm with
the tools of a century ago, are in the
same category,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

In a recent investigation in New
York State as to the social and eco.
nomic conditions in the rural districts
in was found, as is the case in most
sections of the country. that there has
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

All delinquent subscribers are ear
nestlv rruIested to send US at least
part payment Of sui scription before
June 1st Don't forget this. It's only
a little sum to you, but the many little
sums due us amount to q rather large
sun. Send in your part at cnce. We
need il
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25

"s ssa sGundS4sg TsOIg Just behind the
xgtasrs. and ifl JtGIl gEO5C Of the coming
,,lrset Behind me are the shGdOTUg on
;zs tracB. before ne lies the dark UGLtes
.,,d fhe TSUeT. When TIi1ggLs ICttb tts
rex matters ( LCG7t 30 cast one Lflger-
A Iocf UPON q country tChOSe govern
gsnt q e. The people, for the people,
- n. he 0so0Ie. Il. L. Polk, ,JIGU
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-25
PRACTICAL FARM NOTES.

Written for The Progressive Farmer by
the dtors and Hon. Guy z. Mitchell
Pumpkins 6re easily raised and make
good feed for stock. Do not forget to
nIsnt some with your corn this year.