The Intermountain Catholic. (Salt Lake City [Utah] ;) 1899-1920, 1899-11-25

As to the days on which the Holy
Sacrifice was offered in the early ages
there is a diversity of opinion MabiI-
Ion says that piOus persons began to
offer mass daily in the seventh century.
He could find no law on this subject
PRIOR 10 $50, when a Council of TicfnO
decreed that not only on Sundays and
chlef teaStS, but also when possible
mass should be offered. This opinion
IS held also by Martene. who quotes
/ from st. Justin Martyr to show that
/ only on Sunday was the Holy Sacrifice
offered in the first ages of the Church.
| 81. Eplphanius, however, seems to i'm
| ply that 1T was offered on three DAVIS
each week, and in the time of St. Au-
/ gustlne the custom was different in
several places. In his letter ga to Jan
uariuS he says: In some places no
day passes without offering; elsewhere
only on Saturday and Sunday; again,
others only on Sunday"
Later it became usual to have several
masses each day. and Pope Leo III
795, had the custom of offering nine
masses on the same day. Pope AIexan-
der. who died in 1922 ordered that
only one should be offered by the same
priest on the same day. ST. Augustine
IN the above quoted epistle. saws that
II was customary to offer fasting in the
morning, but not in the evening; nor
does he condemn the custom.
In the Middle Ages. for which some
are signing. as for the golden era. we
ind that in regard to the mass there
were abuses which could not be toler-
ated in the nineteenth century. There
were missal .bifaciatae. trifaciatae. etc.
that is, the conservation was repeated
several times with the reading of the
canon once. 1t is narrated that in the
year ll91 q certain hermit. divinely
moved. was accustomed to celebrate
four masses by one canon. Gavantus
uncharitably ascribes the custom to the
aVarlce of the Monks, to whom the
custom Of receiving stipends for mass
owes its origin. These abuses were
condemned in several Councils, notably
in one held in Paris in 1912 r.
A similar abuse existed also in those
days by celebrating several masses
successfully and communicating only
at the last This was condemned in the
fifth canon of the twelfth Council cs
toulouse. There was also a. custom
which found place only in Spain. of
offering simultaneously several InasSes
at the same altar, and many affairs
were built with three sides for this pur-
pose.
As to the material of which chalices
were formed, it may be said that orig
were permitted. st. Boniface. Arch
bishop of Mayence. in 752, when asked
whether 1T were allowed to use wooden
replied: Formerly golden
priests and wooden chalices. now wood
en- priests and golden chalices."
The learned Arcadius maintains with
much eruditiOn that the Apostles, ac-
cording to the different customs Of
peoples, and times. and places. some
times used leavened and sometimes
bread This is also the
opinion of Cardinal Roma and Merati
In later work the same Cardinal as
serts that up to the end of the ninth or
the beginning of the tenth century the
use of both fermented and unfermented
bread was common in the Western
Church. But as all liturgy is simply
Of human origin. so 1T can have but
human authority wholly dependent on
human wisdom or prudence to attain
is end in the service of the Church.
-G~D
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