Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1899-10-27
(First Installme1t.)

! Oliver Wendell Holmes was asked.
i When ought the training of a child
| to begin2' and he replied: ~ hun
cred years before the child is born
! Heredity counts in national life as in
| Individual. The expansion of the Unit
| ed States under the constitution was
| foresEadoWed in the colonial history
A favorite phrase with many has been
the manifest destiny of the United
States. If there is such a thing it was
manifest before our national independ-
ence and union.
| Rightly to understand the later ex-
pansion of our territory and people 1t
will be necessary to see how and why
our nation began as English at all
rather than Spanish or French or
Dutch When the term English" is
used it must be understood in a COM
prehensive way as Indicating simply
the dominance Of the English language
and English institutions '-AngIo-
Saxon is no more exact. and Eng
lish' is meant to include not merely
/ people of strictly English origin. but
Scotch and irish and also those of con-
tinental European origin who have
cast in their lot with us and are being
assimilated.
Professor Sloane says. speaking VI
the time Just previous to the outbreak
of the French and Indian war: AL
though there We're people Of other ma
tionalities in the colonies VINO left their
mark in many VirtuouS habit or curl
Gus idiosyncrGsy, yet it was neverthe-
less a fairly homogeneous population
Of about 100000 bearing a civilization
thoroughly English, which dwelt along
the seaboard from the Bay of Fundy
70 Florida.
The. discovery and the earliest set
t!ement of North America We're by
men of the Latin races Save in Mex
leo and southwark it is now under the
control OF English speaking men. The
change goes back for its beginning 900
years.
Spain had the right of way on these
shores for a round century. In the
great epoch OF discovery at the close OF
the sixteenth century the pope divided
between Portugal and Spain. the great
exploring rations. all that they should
find. The line OF derlarcation between
their domains was to be a meridian
somewhere between the forty first and
forty-fOurth degrees west longitude. 1t
was supposed that this would give all
the Americas to Spain. AS a matter
CT fact the line cut South America so
eSS 70 give IoTGZli 10 1ItIS
was fortunate, as the Portuguese dis
covered and claimed Brazil at any rate.
But everything else American fell to
Spain, then at the height of her power.
IT would have seemed safe to predict
that the new empire must be Spanish.
But north ofMeXico Spain never settled
with profit or permanence. The whole
Atlantic coast was despised by her
adventures, because they found no
gold and TO easy wealth in its broad
extent Before the close of the seven
teenth century Spain had fallen from
her height. Holland successfully re-
sisted her. France rivaled her, England
forever humbled her. Her paper claim
to North America was never admitted
or enforced in the region where the
controlling settlements We're to be.
Other nations OF enterprise and pow
er had to take up the abandoned OPP
portunity. The Dutch and the Swedes E.
made attempts at winning dominion
here During the period when pilgrim
and puritan We're settling New Eng /
land the Dutch colonized the New /
Netherlands. claiming from the Con-
neeticut to the Delaware. But the /
rivalry of England and +
Holland forced a conflict and in 1914
the New Netherlands became New
York. The Dutch left their honorable .
impress on American history and so
ciety, but 10 part of the empire was to |
be theirs. Even less successful were
The Swedes. whom GustaVus Adolphus, /
heir mightiest monarch. hoped to es-
Lablish in the new world. Their terri !
Tory in Delaware, occupied by them in
1858. was forcibly seized by the Dutch
n 1856, to fall finally to the English
s,f
PENIS grant in 1881. BY the end of
he seventeenth century there were but
three claimants for North American
eritory. the Spanish. the French and
he English And for a time there
seemed to be room for all.
The eighteenth century, however,
saw the expulsion of France from her
domain on this continent. The Span
sh We're left as negligible quantity
\ dozen years before the revolutionary
var began it had been decided that the
great power in eastern America was TO
DC English and. moreover, that the
dominant power must be not only SUI
1erior but alone. There could not be
division of territory between the Lat
II and the Teutonfc people. One or the
,ther. as a governing power. must go.
The French Went. Why and how?
The causes of the contest and of the
-ictory are readily discerned Promi-
lent. of course. as creating friction be-
ween the two peoples was the bitter
contest for commercial supremacy go
ng on between France and England.
that century they were
Lgain and again at war. The colonies
we're necessarily involved. The strug-
,le between the two peoples in this
had its economic causes here
6 we'll IF the European relations of
trance and England had been ami