The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-10-27
THE VANISHED RACE
= BUILDING THAT HOUSED 5000
CLIFF JEWELLERS

Aoopie mat Had Double Teeth All
Around-Some Remarkable Relics
Laden with relics Of the vanished
race OF the Cliff Dwellers, the Rev Dr.
george l.. Cole has returned from
journey to the ruined cities of Sontb.
eastern Colorado and New Mexico. VAL
uaDle results were secured by excaya-
ions IN an ancient communal dwelling
as yet unnamed, which stands on the
ciiifs or the Santa Fe River. fourteen
miles from Espanola, N. NJ. This is the
largest pueblo yet discovered in the
United States, and DR.. Cole was practi-
cally the first to visit it with scientific
OBJECTS in view He found stone i'm
PIGMENTS and pottery of extreme rarity.
ana the bones of a race all of whose
teeth were molars or grinders. Among
the Dones excavated from a burial
mound on the mesa were a womans
1emurs measuring nineteen inches. a
length which indicates that this aborig-
lnal giantess must have been at least
seven and half feet tall.
Inc Cliff on which the unexplored
ruins stand rises a thousand feet above
the surrounding country. On one side
OF the isolated rocky mass is the valley
OF the Santa Fe Rlver, on the other
that of the Santa Clara. Up to 600 feet
is a shelf which furnished a nesting
place for the Cliff Dwellers of nobody
knows now many centuries ago. In the
soft pumice stone they burroweu dens
Ior their families. Eventually the or
lglnal shelters in the cliffs grew to be
great warren. Room after room was
neWn out until the rows were four or
i've deep. Under the shelter of the
overhanging cliff, walls were built, ex-
tending the rows of rooms. The Cliff
jewellers were sheltered from rain or
STORM and their homes were inaccessi-
bic for their enemies.
Not satisfied with their rock caverns.
the Cliff Dwellers climbed upward, and
on the mesa, 400 feet above the shelf
on which the caves opened, built
communal dwelling.
This mesa is about three-quarters of a
mile wide and mile and a half long.
with cliffs all about and the best of op-
portunities for defense. On it's edge
was reared watch tower of granite.
whose height DR.. Cole believes to have
been not less than sixty feet. The
blocks were painfully carried up the l.
0OO-foot cliff, for the nearest granite
deposits are at considerable distance.
For greater security a wall was built
across the middle of the mesa.
On this rock platform. 900 feet I'D in
the air, there stand to-day the ruins of
two communal dwellings, one evidently
much older than the other. The older
dwelling is as yet untouched, and what
little exploration of the more modern
one DR.. Cole had time for amounts to a
mere scratch on the surface.
There were not less than sixteen
hundred rooms in the larger building in
its prime, says DR.. Cole. and probably
two thousand. The building measured
24Ox30O feet. 1t was of blocks of stone
measuring six by six by fifteen inches,
quarried from the cliffs below, and car
ried up by the wurkmen. The rooms
were rooted with timber, and the walls
then carried higher. In the centre was
great court, common kitchen for all.
from which radiated immense numbers
of rooms. The building spread with
the growth Of the community until it
was three stories high and the rooms
stretched away twelve deep from the
central court, with smaller courts here
and there. DR.. Cole estimates that the
population averaged about three to a
room, which would make between 4.S00
and 5000 people dwelling in the i'm
mense pueblo, besides those who lived
in the cliff caves.
The rooms at the sides of the COM
munal dwelling averaged about four
in cir FIN fhn -fD f1,
they were mostly smaller, some being
only seven by fourteen, others seven
by twenty-one. Some rooms were
found as large as fourteen by twenty
one feet.
With the trophies of his summers ex-
plorations spread out about him, DR..
Cole has turned his parlor into an an
thropological museum. One table is
covered with water jugs and incense
pipes, the sofa hidden under stone axes,
mortars, pestles, weaving shuttles and
pottery. Another table is decked with
row of grinning skulls and huge
crossbones; beneath it comfortably re-
pose all the parts of a skeleton, from
the toe bones to the shoulder blades,
waiting to be wired together. and
strewn about are bows and arrows,
baskets, jugs of twisted twigs, made
water-tight by pitch modern Indian
pottery, photographs by the score, and
stump of petrified wood. The skulls
are particularly valued possession.
Look at those teeth" said DR.. Cole,
tenderly fondling tue skull of the giant
ess. "She has no incisors, no cutting
teeth, in front, as have all the other
races of which have any knowledge.
She has grinders all around, and so
have the other skulls. That shows they
were grain-eaters rather than meat
eaters. The forehe3ds are high and the
shape of the skull shows intelligence,
but notice how curIously they are fat
tonad at the hack LOS Ano .es Times