davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1899-12-14
From wilkosbarro Record.

from Nllkesharre Record.
A Shenandoah newspaper is likely
itself into hot water, il not into pref
libel suit, by its unreasonable criticism
ministers Of the gospel Recently the
of various denominations iu Sch
county formed themselves into a la
order society, one Of the avowed obj
which is to prosecute yiolators of the
laws, The newspaper in question ma
charge that the object Of the society
bleed the saloon keepers" That IS a
what serious charge TO make against
bic men Of any profession OF calling,
STRAWnERRY AND VANILLA
CREAM, ORANSE WATER Il
Made daily at Schoiier's bakery.
Centre street Pure and delicious.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1899-12-14

We're told we ha, the duu.tk reflections Of
Xmas presents in the county Vondcr II It's
true? Like to have your optlion E.B.
Brumm. I3r1tf
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1899-12-14

The finest assortment Of rings anI -
is shown at Ellis Deull's, 1913 Sol -,
street
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1899-12-14

II You want Bargains
In Oyercoats and Suits, 60 to Harry Leyit's
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1899-12-14

WEEKS.
Sour krOut and pork tonight.
PooLER's.
Hot lunch tonight.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1899-12-14

Umbrellas suitable for Xmas gifts from
si50 to $50 New patterns in handles just
received at Brumms. 12l2.tf
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1899-12-14

Perfumery and Sschet Powders. Ii
aud domestic. Shenandoah Drug Stor
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1899-12-12
ALL IN THE CEMETERY.
clever Device of Chicago Woman
to Secure a Flat Where CHI
dren Are barred.

Out at the Queen Anne fats there is
an ironclad rule that no family with
children shall be permitted 10 take I;
lease Of an apartment. This rule and
the situation of the building initiate
against the filing of the fats. but the
agent succeeded in making a fair show
ing, none the less. One day while won
dering If he would receive any more
applications before the rush season
vas ended large, portly and ed-faced
woman dressed in black entered the o.
fee.
She wanted a flat and had inspected
the premises. She fancied tie third Of
n certain row and was willing to make
ar advance right then. The terms were
agreed upon and the papers drawn up.
when the agent said:
We cannot permit any children in
those flats. Have you any,"
The woman sobbed aloud She coyly
admitted to having had seven, but said
aet~een her gasps: They are all now
/. the cemetery, sir
The agent was sympathetic and con-
soling. The papers We're signed, the
keys delivered and the new tenant de-
parted wiping her eyes, while her
shoulders heaved with woe. The next
time the agent went there for rent be
was met by bunch Of children who
clambered the stairs with him and
seemed very much at home. He went
to the flat on the third floor and was ad-
mitted.
Are these your children, ma'am?"
he asked Of the portly tenant.
Seven are, sir" was the reply.
"Rut you told me all Of yours were
dead'
Indeed did not, sir. What said
was that they were in the cemetery, AID
they were. Their father was out Of Z
job and he took them out to the ee1ne-
terry on a picnic" Chicago Chronicle.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1899-12-12
"A Nursery Hint.

Whooping-cough, when once the acute
stage has passed, can often be relieved
by very simple means. The paroxysms
of coughing are then chiefly nervous
in character, and can often, like other
nervous spasms, be relieved by any
thing which distracts the child's atten-
ton. One Of the best ways Of accom-
plishing this is to hold a bottle Of o:tli-
nary smelling salts under the chiI,1's
nose, not suddenly, 50 as to cause fright,
but qnietlr-. Wit. the assurance that it
will hclp the cough.-Ion;h' Compsr
Cor.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1899-12-12
Real Estate Wanted.

We will be glad for any one having
real estate Of any kind for sale to list
it with US as we have purchasers for
several desirable properties, and yours
might be the properties we can sell
MARYEI, BOYENTON & CHAPLIN.
l2-3-6t
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1899-12-12
Oath and Washington
Special Dinner !.

The new management Of the Crown
Lunch Rooms will serve a special Din
ner Sunday, December g. to it's patrons
at Regular Rates
a special caterer has been secured
TOR the occasion, and a menu will be-
furnished that Will tempt the most con-
firmed dyspeptic.
J. T. RAWLES, Proprietor.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1899-12-12
It's 8 Bear Possibility

now that the shooting season is hers
something to cheer the inner man on
cool evening. or to make merry with
your friends at the festive board.
When you want something choice, vel
yety. smooth and rich in flavor try our
fore finding anything SO pure and sal
atable. Our whiskey is away up ia
quality.
R. J. MACKEY,
Oath and Washington.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
A NOVEL SUIT.
A Parkersburg Woman Alleges I'm.
proper Treatment al the Hands of
Department Store Manager.

Speclat 10 the Register.
PARKERSBURG, w. Va, June 12-
Attorney Charles T. Caldwell has been
retained by Miss Maggie Meldahl. a
prominent Wood county young lady,
to bring a most peculiar suit for $25,-
600 damages against Kaufman & Co.,
a large Pittsburg business house.
In the bill of allegations the plaintiff
alleges that she went to .P1ttsburg re-
Gently ana purchased goods of the firm,
among which were several pairs of
gloves. Three pairs of th~ gloves were
defective and she went to Pittsburg
and While there visited the store.
When shown to the Office she alleges
Manager Kaufman closed the door and
abused her shamefully, though not vio-
lently, denying the purchase of the
gloves at his store, that she was at
tempting fraud, that she could not
leave the Office without proving the
gloves were purchased there, and if she
failed to do so he would cause her ar
rest. She became frightened at his ac-
uions and though she insisted the
gloves were purchased of him. he still
declined and grossly insulted her for
twenty minutes, continually threaten
ing and accusing, but after a time re-
leasing her.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
THE MAIN ISSU E.
Views of the Democratic Committee.
men on the Platform for 1900.

CHICAGO, June 12.-The Times
Herald has been asking members Gf
the Democratic National ComE1iItee
what should be their party's battle cry
in 1900-whether Tree silver" or
down with the trusts" or both.
To-day the Times-Herald publishes
the answers OF those that have been
received. While only one of the re-
plies of those Democratic leaders, the
representative for Maine, the home
State of Mr.. Bryan's running mate in
1896, says, Drop free silver" they are
all but unanimous in giving the trust
question prominence it has never had
in the platform of their own or any
other party. With one exception, all
who spoke freely suggested that some
other issue will divide the stage equal
ly with free silver.
Some say "militarism," or imperial
ism" will be one of the prominent is
sues. A few frankly emphasize the
trust question as the big thing. Still
others speak for twin battle cry
One committeeman says fatty: THE
issues of 1896 should be the issues OF
1900" This one is Alexander Troup,
of Connecticut.
Half a dozen of the committeeman
are either non-committal or refuse TO
be quoted. They are: George Fred
Williams, Massachusetts; D. J. Cam
pau, Michigan; B. B. Smalley, Yer
mont; Frank Campbell, New York: T.
D. O'Brien, Minnesota; j. G. Dudley,
Texas.
A statement from Thomas Gahan, ma
tlonal Democratic committeeman from
Illinois, cannot be obtained because he
is not in the city and cannot be reached
by telegraph. His attitude is, however,
pretty we'll known
The committeeman who say free sill
yer must be first in the platform, al
though generally combined with the
questions of trusts, "militarism." and
so on, are in Colorado. Kansas, Nebras-
ka, Arkansas and Indian Territory,
which latter does not vote for Presi-
dent. All the others put the trust
question first and lay much stress upon
issues produced by the Spanish war.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
A DEFENDER OF TRUSTS.

WASHINGTON, June 12.-Mr. G.
Waldo Smith. of New York, president
of the Wholesale Grocers' Association
was the only witness before the indus
trial commission to-day in connection
with the trust investigation. Mr.. Smith
proved to be defender of the trusts,
but he refused to speak of the COM
binations of capital by this name. He
indeed asserted that there were no
trusts and that the combinations were
so referred to uniustly.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
FEEDING THE SOLDIERS.
Col. Brainerd Reports on the Ra tions Issued
in the Philippines.


WASHINGTON, June 12.-Col. D. l..
Brainerd, chief commissary of the army
in the Philippines, makes a report con-
corning the supplies for the army, in
which he says:
Prior to active operations in the
field all troops were supplied with the
garrison rations issuefA being made TO
regiments by the issuing commissary
for periods of ten days. On March 16,
the issues were modified by adding one
days bacon and eliminating canned
beef, by issuing ten days -four and no
hard, bread and in changing issues OF
vegetables as follows: Potatoes, rs per
cent: onions, Is per cent; tomatoes,
10 per cent
Mess pork and beef are no longer
issued. About the same time oat meal
was added as one Of the conponents 10
be issued in lieu Of fresh beef. Fresh
vegetables, brought from San Francis
co. have been supplied daily to all the
troops OF this command. On February
5 and 6, during active operations, travel
rations were supplied TO all organiza-
tons on the firing line.
1.-THE garrison ration, including fresh
beef and vegetables, was resumed Feb
ludtg .. dAtei "HtcH udts FeSlDtHidi
eommissaries attended 10 the details of
the supplying their regiments.
THE commands at Cavite, Corregidor
Island, Iloilo, Bacalor, and at Cebu, are
supplied with subsistence stores from
the depot commissary in Binondo
Fresh beef for troops at Cavite is
drawn direct from the cold storage yes
sci, the Duke of Sutherland Troops
al Cebu are subsisted on native beef,
which costs from IS to 20 cents
per pound. The Indiana is sta
toned at Iloilo as cold storage plant
and from it the troops at that point
are supplied"
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
TO THE SUPREME COURT.

PITTSBURG, Pa, June 12.-The
cases of Charles Devlin and seven other
ticket brokers, charged with violation
of the act Of 1863. were callsI to-day.
The act forbids agents TO sell or trade
tickets Of any passenger company, un-
less they have a certificate giving them
such authority from the officers of the
company.
The first case tried was that Of e. p.
Keary. He was found guilty az charg-
ed. Counsel for the dersNse says the
constitutionality of the act will be
tested in the Supreme Court.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
to the Register.


MARIETTA, O., June 12.-Clyde
Porter and Cal Hart were instantly
killed and their bodies torn to- pieces
this afternoon by the explosion of the
nitro-glycerine factory of the Marietta
Torpedo Company, located in a ravine
four miles west of the city. The shock
of the explosion was felt plainly all
over the city, and windows were rat
tied and broken
Porter and Hart had gone to the
factory to load thirty-five eight-quart
cans of the deadly explosive into a
wagon, to be transferred TO the com
pany's magazine. 1t is supposed the
larger part of the stuff was in the
wagon when it went off, but there are
none to tell the story. The factory
buildings were blown to atoms and
the glycerine wagon vanished and the
fine team of draught horses were
crushed and mangled. The horses
were blown fifty feet from their orig
inal position, breaking down trees in
their pathway.
The shoes from their hoofs were
scattered in all directions. The main
portions of the bodies of Hart and por-
ter were found on opposite sides of the
ravine, one hundrsi and fifty feet
apart. Porter's head and limbs were
gone and pieces of human flesh Uttered
the ground. A hole was torn in the
earth as large as good sized house,
and trees in the woods nearby were
broken and splintered and stripped of
foliage.
The explosion was the most terrific
in oil country history. The factory
was recently constructed and had been
in operation but a short time Porter
was single man, aged 81. Hart was
As, married, and came here eighteen
months ago from Pennsylvania.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
SCENES OF WILD DISORDER
Marked the Efforts Of the Big Consoli-
dated Street Railway Company,

At CLEVELAND, TO RESUME THE
OPERATION OF ITS LINES.
THOUSANDS OF MEN AND WO-
MEN BLOCKADED THE TRACKS.
STONED THE IMPORTED OPER-
ATORS AND CONDUCTORS, DE-
RALLIED THE CARS, CUT Troll
LEY ROPES AND RENDERED
TRAFFIC IMPOSSIBLE = THE
1 COMPANY REFUSES, BY RESO-
LUTON TO SUBMIT DIFFER
ENCES TO ARBITRATION AND
so INFORMS THE STATE BOARD.
LABOR ORGANIZATIONS BACK
OF THE STRIKERS-WILL BOY
COTT EVERYONE USING THE
CARS OF THE BIG CONSOLIDATE
ED LINE.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
IMPORTANT RAILROAD
Chartered Yesterday = VIII Connect the
G. q @. and n. w.-Coal Company Char



G. & q. and n. Vocal Company Char
tered.
Special to the Register.
CHARLESTON. w. Va, June H.
The Secretary of State issued a charter
to-day to the Macdonald & Bluefield
Railroad Company, which is to run
from Macdonald. in Fayette county,
by the most practicable route, to Beck
ley, in Raleigh county, thence TO Blue
field, in Mercer county, connecting with
the Loup Creek branch OF the Chesa-
peake & Ohio at Macdonald, and with
the Norfolk & Western at Bluefield.
The incorporators are Symington Mac
Donald and Samuel Dixon, of MacDon-
aid; Enoch Smith, A. l.. Ruffner and
NJ. P. Ruffner, of this city The prin-
cipal office will be in this city.
A charter was also issued to the
Brown Coal e. Coke Company. of
Wheeling, with Joseph l.. Brown, OF
Pittsburg; Howard Thompson, A. F..
Gasmire, c. b. Colburn and p. G.. Cald-
well, of Wheeling. as incorporators.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
STEAMSHIP ARRIVALS.

NEW YORK. June i2.-Arriyed: Bowie,
from Liverpool.
LIVERPOOL. June i2-arr.ved. PhiIa-
delpnian. from Boston.
HAMBURG. June iz.--Arriyea: Pnoani.
cia. from New York.
GLASGOW. June l2.-Arrived: Pomera-
nian. from Montreal
ANTWERP. June I2--Arrived- Kensing-
ton. from New York.
NEW YORK. June lz.-Arrived: Am
sterdam. from Rotterdam
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
DARKNESS FELL,

MINNEAPOLIS. MINI, June Zone of
the most severe storms that ever passed
over Minneapolis prevailed here to-day
For fully an hour midnight darkness fell
over the city and the sky had all the APP
pearance of a tornado. There was very
little wind, however, but an immense VOL
ume of water fell, the gauge showing
2S4 inches. SO far as learned little dam
age other than the flooding of Easements
and floating of pavements resulted from
the storm
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
MARIETTA COLLEGE.
The Annual Commandments Exercises I'm.
der Way-Big Crowds Attending.

TIC HHI@HHI commencement EtercIses I'M
der Way-Big Crowds Attending.
Special TO the Register.
MARIETTA DEPOT, OHIO, June II.
commencement week OF Marietta Col
lege began yesterday with the bacca-
laureate sermon by Rev. Edward Knox
Mitchell, OF Hartford, Conn. The city
is fun of visitors. and the exercises Of
the week promise to be exceptionally
interesting. Tonight the prize decla-
nation contest OF the Freshmen and
Sophomores was won by Asa Everett
Ward and Mamie White. and George
Leonard Brokaw and Thomas Griffiths.
The graduating exercises OF the Acade-
my will be held tomorrow. Also the
class day exercises and alumni ban
uuet
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
WORK BEGUN
On the New Short Line Railroad
Men, Mules and Tools Have Arrived.

Special TO the Reg.si,r
HARRISBURG, w. VA, June ~
Active work commenced on short line
to-day at several points. Three hun
dred negroes, from Richmond, are dis
tributed along the line. They came in
last night. Two car loads of mules ar
rived this morning. A corps OF engi-
neers from New York have taken
charge in addition to the old corps.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
WILL GIVE OUT EXPORTS.

THE HAGUE. June 12.-At an adj
journed meeting of the delegates 10 the
peace conference. under the presidency
of NJ. De Staal this morning. it was re-
solved to furnish the newspapers with
statements of the proceedings Of the
committees as well as of the plenary
sittings.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
REQUISITION ISSUED.
Snscial 70 the Register

Special to the Register
CHARLESTON. W. Va. June 12.-
Governor Atkinson to-day issued a
requisition on the governor of Virginia
for Harry Anderson and James and
Thomas Morrison, who are charged
with robbe1 in Hampshire county.
They are in jail at Winchester. Va.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13

WASHINGTON. June 12.-For West
Virginia. Western Pennsylvania and
ono: Generally fair Tuesday. Increasing
cIVuEinsss and showers on the lakes we'd
nesGay. fresh 10 b-fsx southeTiy winds.
Mr G. schnepf the Opera House drug
Eist. made the following observations Of
the weather Sunday. a. m, 81: 8 a. m.
Weather far.
Monday .. M. e5. . a m. 70. i2 m.
50. y. m, 81 y. m, s.. Weather
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
WILL APPEAL 70 MCKINLEY.
A Protest Against Giving Government
Work to Sweatshops


PHILADELPHIA, June 1.-THE
United Labor League, of this city. has
taken up the cause of the 800 seam
stresses, mostly soldiers wives, widows
and daughters, who complain that the
government has soldiers clothing made
by contract, taking from them their
means of livelihood 1t is said about
$1,000 900 worth of contracts are to be
given out. and if so. the seamstresses
will have no work at ALL
President Chance and Mrs. Dever-
eaux, of the League, assert that the
contract work is done in filthy sweat
shops. The league proposes making a
prompt appeal to President Mckinley
TO stop the award of the 81 900. 90 worth
of advertised contracts and let the 5000
women do the work at the United
States arsenal here.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
STREETS FLOODED.

MINNEAPOLIS, Mimi, June ia Wi
mona special says: Last nights storm
was the most severe ever known there.
Dams and bridges were swept away on
all the water courses. Every street In the
city was flooded above the curbing and
many families We're driven out
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
NEARLY FIVE INCHES OF RAIN

LA CROSSE, VS.. June 12.-The worst
rain storm in seventeen years swept over
this section last night and to-day. Nearly
five inches of rain fell. Fifty families
in North La Crosse were compelled to
desert their homes in boats and the wa
ter is still rising. Much live stock was
drowned, Nearly every bridge in the
La Crosse river valley is gone There
will be no mail trains on the Milwaukee
and Northwestern or Burlington roads to
this city to-day.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13

BY A TORNADO THAT CAUSED THE
DEATH OF TWO HUNDRED PEO-
PLE-WIRES IN BAD SHAPE. so
THAT THE REPORTS CAi,NOT
BE VERIFIED-THE TOWN Ur'
HUDSON VISITED BY A SEVERE
STORM-HEAVY RAINS DID
DAMAGE AT MANY POINTS IN
THE NORTHWEST.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
TWO MEN INSTANTLY KILLED
By an Explosion Of Nitro-glycerine
Near Marietta.

THE WORKS OF THE MARIETTA
TORPEDO COMPANY BLOWN TO
ATOMS-CLYDE PORTER AND
COL. HART TORN TO PIECES
AND THEIR REMAINS SCATTER
ED AMONG THE TREES-A
TEAM OF HORSES BLOWN
THROUGH THE TREES, BREAK
ING THEIR BRANCHES - THE
SHOCK FELT IN MARIETTA,
-FOUR MILES AWAY.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13

MANILA, June 12-3 p. m.-The
funeral of Captain Henry Nichols, the
commander of the United States double
turreted monitor Monadnock, who died
from sunstroke on Saturday, took place
at Cayite yesterday with appropriate
naval ceremonies. The officers Of the
fleet were present and the flags on all
the vessels were half-masted.
The sudden death of Capt. Nichols
was particularly sad because it occur
red just at the moment when the re-
suit for which he had hoped and work
ed for for months was about to be
realized, namely, the capture af Par
anaque and its occupation by the
American forces. The Monadnock had
been lying off Paranaque for two
months past, under fire from the rebels
almost daily. The heat there has been
intense and the officers and men of the
Monadnock suffered greatly. The com
mander in chief offered to retire the
Monadnock from this trying duty and
replace her by another ship, but Capt
Nichols preferred to remain, declaring
that he did not want to leave his post
until Paranaque fell and the coast from
there to Cavite was cleared of rebels.
The heat on Saturday was most Sc
we're and the monitor was engaged all
day in Smelling the trenches at Par
anaque and the rebels fleeing south
through Las Pinas, and also watching
the American troops closing in upon
the towns. Capt. Nichols was over
come by the heat at noon and retired
to his cabin, where he received fire.
quent reports of the operations and
gave directions for several hours He
became much worse at three O'Clock,
lost consciousness and expired at in
the afternoon. Several hours before
his death he expressed qualification at
the way events were progressing, re-
marking to AN officer:
I'VE have got the rebels there at
last"
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
OREGON TROOPS SAIL
They Leave Manila to-day on Thel
journey Home.

They Leave Manila To-day on Their
Journey Home.
WASHINGTON. June 12.-Gen. Otis
reports that the Oregon regiment, with
signal company, will leave to-day for
San Francisco.
Though Gen Otis's dispatch stated
that the Oregon troops would leave for
San Francisco the War Department
officials are Of the opinion that mis-
take in cabling has been made. With
this idea Gen. Corbin has telegraphed
Gen. Otis that the Oregon troops are
"a 70 to Portland.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
TRAINS HELD Up

ST. PAUL, Mimi. June flowing
to washouts along their lines. the vari-
Gus Chicago trains were held here to-
night, being impossible for them to get
through. The Omaha is washed out
near Hudson, the Milwaukee & St.
Paul has lost seven bridges and con-
siderable track near Wsbasha. Mimi.
and in Wisconsin: the Burlington is
blocked by washout near Trempleau,
Wis, and the Wisconsin Central line
extends only beyond Saltwater. MINI.
There are also a number of blocked
places on the various branch lines.
The mail trains from the east were UNI
able to get through to-day owing to
the Sunday night storm, and to-night,s
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
WILL SHIP GOLD.

NEW YORK, June 12.--The National
City Bank will ship $4,000 900 gold on
the steamship Lain sailing tomorrow.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1899-06-13
SITUATION UNCHANGED.

DU BOIS. PA, June 1.-THE miners
strike situation in the soft coal region
remains unchanged.