davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
NEWARK.

Mr.. q. Il. Jones is having barrels
made i'll our village nj present, and the
sound of the hammer is heard from early
morn till night
Misses Louise Birmingham and Lii
liam West Of lronShirc. spent several
days with friends here this week
The members and friends of the NJ
T. Church will hold festival in this
village on the It'll of July. All are in
vited To attend and they will be- sure To
have good time. and spend the glor-
ious old Fourth rs they never spent it
before
Cur old friend. General Bcaurcgard
Townsend. is out again after a protract
cd illness from what he thinks was
''pvctuS' whatever tins Isl we hope
his recovery permanent, and that he
will not be afflicted with such malady
ever again
Miss BERTHE Boston will lead the Ep-
worth League next sunday evening.
Miss Rose Brattcn of Ironshirc, visit
ed Mrs. Leslie Bowen this week
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
THE NAVY WANTS BOYS
Twenty-Five Hundred Ia he En-
rolled as Apprentices.

WASHINGTON. ID. c.. June Begin
ming with Monday of next week, the
Navy Department will be securing the
country for bright boys who want tn
enter the naval service Two thousand
five hundred youths in all are to be- en-
rolled a. apprentices
This is by far the largest number of
apprentices ever allowed for the Amer
lean navy. hut owing To the growing
scarcity of ordinary scamem it became
necessary for Congress To make pro-
vision 10y which the navy could educate
it, own sailors.
Elaborate arrangements are now he
ing perfected for the education of the
large number of yonthS who are To he
taken into the service \ big fleet of
vessels is being equipped with quarters
for them and large barracks are soon To
be completed on both the Atlantic and
Pacific coasts
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
Md. Agricultural College.

We are III receipt of Il very lengthy
letter from President Sylvester of the
Maryland Agricultural College. in which
he tells many of its good points We
here give few extracts:
The Educational Departments Of the
College have advanced their standard
DECIDEDLY. Its graduates i'll tin, Depart
ment of Mechanical Engineering. all
secured positions upon graduation. In
the Department of Chemistry, two are
provided for III professional work.
been elected To the position Of Com
mandant of Cadets and Professor of
Natural Science III a Maryland School:
one, upon completing his course AT Johns
Hopkins University, has been assigned
To- duty in this Institution: another has
been elected Professor of Chemistry in
Columbia College. n. y. another adj
vanccd in Clemson College. :. G. These
facts bcspeak the SoundneSs of the
course of study i'll the College. and the
spirit of work inculcatcd in the earnest
student under its guidance.
The Department of Agriculture offers
unSual advantages to the boy who is To
work the Farm. II is well known to-
day that brains must direct Drawn. if
success is to follow In no department
of human activity is this more true than
upon the farm.
The Department of State Fertilizer
Control still maintains its high standard
of usefulness We regret To find that
fertilizers by the unit system which
would save them much money and
greatly improve the quality of the ma
terial purchased. Upon every bag of
fertilizer sold III the State. the per
centagc of plant Food" is required To
bc stamped II should 20 further and
IA unit: this stands for 20 lbs. The avail
able Potash. the available PhoSphoric
Acid, the available. Nitrogen are the
only things Ia he considered and To
winch farmers should give any atten-
ton, All else is confusing and tends 10
deceive fla bag i marked:
Available Potash 6 percent. Avail
able Phos Acid per cent. Available
Ammonia ) per cent. The calculation
of the value per ton is plain. per cent
is % lbs; & $ 4 ) per cent would mean Il
number Of lbs. easily determined from
the figures given above.
The value of these articles, based
upon their sources, is given in our
Quarterly per pound. This publication
can hc had for the asking by addressing
the undersigned. or the Chemical De
partmcnt. College Park. Md. Let the
Farmers adopt this system of purchase.
and they will soon see the difference III
results.
Very truly yours.
r. w. SYLVESTER
Pres. Md. Agr. College.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
Il AM A CANDIDATE"
Said Col. Smith in Baltimore
rlOnday.

The Baltimore SIM of Tuesday had
this To say about the meeting of the
Campaign Committee and the candidacy
of Col. Smith for Governor -
The meeting of the committee at the
Carrollton Hotel attracted Il number of
local politicians. who gathered to dis
cusS conditions. Councilmen Rcinhart
and Morgan were also present Col
John Walter Smith was the only gubcr-
material candidate on the scene Colonel
Smith seems most cheerful over his
chances Of nomination. He has recciv
ed assurances from every county on the
Eastern Shore. from several counties on
the Western Shore and from Il number
prominent leaders in Baltimore city
that they will support him to the last
1t Is reported that the Caroline county
delegation would come prepared To snp-
port cX-State Senator Thomas ~ Smith.
of Caroline county, for the State Comp
trollership. The Caroline county dele
CATION is for Col. Smith for Governor
and will come prepared To support him
in any event II the nomination should
not 20 10 Colonel Smith, the delegation
will probably urge MIR ThoS A. Smith
for the COMPREHENSIVE.
Colonel Smith. i'll speaking of his
candidacy, said II ann bona fidc
candidate for the nomination for Cover
nor. | have 81 far declined To state
that was Il candidate because | have
always said | would be candidate if
tn" people wanted me From the many
assurances have received from all over
the State am inclined To believe that
the people are behind me am in the
fight for John Walter Smith and for no
other man. | intend To secure the nom-
nation, If | can. and if nominated will
make a thorough canvas of the State
| shall appear before the people from
Allegany Ia Worcester and shall ask for
their support, and believe that will
win. believe | can secure aS many
independent votes "a any other man.
will not only have the solid Eastern
shore vote with me, but expect strength
from other quarters
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
POLITICAL TALK.
Men the People are Discussing
for Public Office.

There is every indication that Il very
strong ticket will be nominated bv the
Democrats of Worcester this wear and
this is evidenced by the few candidates
who have announced themselves. II is
not the purpose of this article To bring
out new ones or advocate one over
another. for there is a well defined pur-
pose on the part of the people to do their
own selecting, and they usually do it
right
Since Senator John Walter Smith
was elected 10 Congress last Fall it has
been the desire of Democrats generally
and even by many who affiliate with
other political parties that MIR John +.
Moore succeed Mr.. Smith in the State
Senate, and It is settled beyond Il doubt
that he will be nominated if he will
consent to run. The people want him
and this should be a sufficient reason
for his acceptance. Who his opponents
VIII be at the polls is a matter of no
concern. because the people are going
to have what they want.
States Attorney Jones is Il candidate
for reelection, and his ability and fidel-
ity is So recognized that the rc-nomina-
tion is assured.
Three names have been mentioned
for the Sheriffalty McsSrs. J. Samuel
Price. Lemuel w. Onley and William
f. Landlord. All are good men. and
either would make a good sheriff Dem
ocratS from number of districts have
solicited Mr.. Price 10 be- a candidate and
have rendered him their support III II
manner gratifying to that gentleman
Mr.. Lloyd Wilkinson is mentioned for
the Legislature. He made an excellent
reputation i'll two previous Assemblies
and is considered one of the best Par
liamentarians in the State
As there are three County Commits
sionerS To elect, several names have
been mentioned, among the number
being that of W Elton Boston, of Iron
shire, the present efficient and pains
taking member of the Board, MIR Sam
uel Shockley of Wilton. Mr. John H.
ShookIey of AtkinSonS and Mr. John L.
Paradee. All good men. Mr. Boston
is not an avowcd candidate but many
Democrats have expressed themselves
very favorable To his remaining III the
Board. They recognize him a. compc-
tent straightforward and honest
There has been no talk of candidates
for the other offices Ia be- filled
The MESSENGER does not intend to
try to shape the ticket, neither do we
believe the party leaders will. hut the
people at their primaries will send good
men To the County Convention and they
will nominate a ticket To win and one
that will give satisfaction. No man
has right To desire place on il he
cause of his selfish purpose to feed at
the public crib. but he should first feel
that the people really want him to serve
them and that he is competent 10 serve
them well.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
AT OCEAN CITY.
State Teachers Will Meet there
July ~ IL and ~.

John ID. Worthington. chairman of
the executive board of the State Teach
ers' Association of Maryland. has off
cially announced the 32d annual meet
ing of that body. which will assemble
al Ocean City. Md. July /, - and rs.
The headquarters of the association
will bc at the Atlantic Hotel. and the
business sessions will be- held in Convcn-
tion Hall While the meeting is dis
tinctively for teachers, their friends
may ENJOY Il pleasant trip at minimum
cost. The proceeding of the official pro.
gramme. which will be- ready July /,
will include papers from such we'll
known educators as DrS. T. II Lewis.
John :. Fulton. A. w sylvester. : Il.
Forman and William y. Clark Misses
: +. Richmond. Anna l.. Miller. f..
Maude Pippin and Agnes Mclean; ProfS
Albert Hopkins. Joseph 4. Blair and
Albert 5. Cook
The National Educational Assoaiation
meets i'll Los Angeles. Cal. July II "a
II. All information concerning rates
and programme may be- had on appli.
cation to j ID. Warrington. manager
for MARYLAND.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
The Steamer Ocean City
CAPT. G. L. BABBITT.

CAPT. G. f. BABBITT.
Will leave Chiucoteaguc Cor Ocean City
at 6 Il. IN. sundays. Mondays, THURSDAYS
and Fridays. touc hingat Franklin City,
and Public Landing.
Returning, will leave Ocean City Tor
Chincoteaguc ut | p. III. Sundays, We'd
nesdays Thursdays and Saturdays,
touching al Public Landing and Frank
lin City.
Leaves Chncoteaguc a. III. arrives
Franklin City 10 a. III.
Leaves Franklin City 6.I5 a. III. ar
rives Public Landing $50 a, M.
Leaves Public Landing So Il. IN. arr
rives Ocean City / / Il. m.
Leaves Ocean City / p. III. arrives
Public Landing $50 p. III.
Leaves Public Landing $50 p. III. ar
riveS Franklin City SD p IN.
Leaves Franklin City so p. m. ar
riyes Chincoteague . p. III.
This schedule will go into effect July
I'd and will continue for about two
months.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
STRANGE.

\ man residing ON the Eastern Shore
of Maryland, recently wrote his name
and address on IA postal card and simply
addressed it l. BENEsCH 4 Sons. BAL
TIMoRE. BY return mail hc received II
handsome l2S page catalogue, contain.
ing over 300 fine half-tonc illustrations
and very valuable suggestions ON eco.
nomical housefurnishing AT rock bottom
prices. also personal letter from the
largest model home furnishers in thu
U. S.-All for postal Try it.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
STOCKTON NEWS.

Several vessels are now loading with
potatoes for Atlantic City. Capt Snow
Parsons will command she Sunbeam.
She has been lately taken from the dry
dock where she has been put i'll good
order Potatoes and watermelonS load
many vessels from this section. This
gives employment to the captains until
oysters come on.
Mrs Isaac Davis returned this week
from visit to Philadelphia
Mr. and Mrs James Hudson are back
from visit to their son in Wilmington.
Delaware.
The Society Of Earnest Workers met
AT the home of Miss Mary Tull on Bay
Ave. Tuesday evening. Quite good
number enjoyed that hospitality her
friends always receive The most en-
loyablc game was Dusty Miller
The young men started carriage
business last week. but became dis
couraged and sold off at auction last
Saturday. | think they will need the
carriages To- take their best girl Ia the
bay, aS the farm wagon is seen slowly
taking its load each evening to their
moon light sails.
Capt VIM. Porter and Mr. c. II.
Jones paid Snow Hill a visit Tuesday
Mr.. Marcus Rowley of Girdletrce. is
visitor To this place quite often We
wonder what the attraction is:
Miss Clara Ward returned from visit
10 Baltimore accompanied by her friend.
Miss Ayres. of West Virginia. \ moon
light sail was given by the young
gentlemen Tuesday evening in honor
of her visit
Since our school has closed we all
miss our principal of the high school.
Mr.. G. V. White
Capt. Curtis Hilton. of New Jersey.
has been the guest of Captain William
Porter All were glad to see him and
U'pt nv W III tpul' again Sppu
Mrs Ferdinand Ebly of Philadelphia.
after visiting her aunt Mrs. james
Porter for two weeks. returned Friday
To her cottage at Atlantic City, accom-
panied by Miss Ada Smack who will
visit her many friends in Philadelphia
We have had some sickness in town
this week. Mrs Thomas Lindsey. Mrs
James Smack. Mrs. Marion Payne haze
all been on the sick list
We are sorry 10 report the death of
Mr. Robert Powell one of our oldest
citizens. He was paralyzcd last Friday
and died on Tuesday al the residence of
his sons. Mr. r. f. Powell
We are glad to report Mr.. SilaS Payne
who has been very i'll. is much better
Miss Lille Waters has returned from
her long visit TO Washington and other
cities
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
Reduced Rates for July 4th. 1900.

ON account of the above holiday, the
Baltimore. Chesapeake & Atlantic Rail
stations on Railway Division. round
trip tickets. between all points, AT the
rate of one straight fare for the round
trip minimum 20cl except To Ocean
City, children between the ages of five
aud twelve years half fare Tickets
To be sold July Srd and ith good To
will b. honored ON all trains except No.
> and 10, which are reserved for Balti-
more travel.
Round trip tickets from all points Ia
Ocean City ~ special Thursday rates.
good for the day only.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01

SIXTH GRADE.
Writing and Composition Emily
Burwell; ID Nellie Dennis: I'd Katherine
Trimper.
Arithmetic Emily Burwell 2d.
Katherine Trimper Sd. Nellie Dennis.
Algebra Emily Burwell 2d
Katherine Trimpcr.
American History Completed. list
Emily Burwell I'd, Nellie Dennis Sd.
Katherine Trimper.
Spelling Completed list Emily Bur
WELL I'd Nellie Dennis: ID Katherine
Trimpcr.
English Grammar-lst Emily Bur
we'll; I'd Katherine Trimper; 81 Nellie
Dennis.
Physiology Completed-lst Emily Bur
well: I'd. Katherine Trimper; I'd. Nellie
Dennis.
Word Analysis LIST. Emily Burwcll {;
ID, Katherine Trimper 3D., Nellie
Dennis.
English l.iterature-lSt. Emily Bur
well 2d, Nellie Dennis I'd. Katherine
Trimper
General average for vear-l>t, Emily
Burwell; ID. Nellie Dennis Sd. Kath-
crime Trimper.
FIFTH GRADE.
Writing and CompoSition.-lst Nadine
Shovel: 2d Rosetta Mumford; Sd Flor
ida Quillin.
Physology.-lst Florida Quillin I'd
Nadine Shovel; Sd Rosetta Mumford.
Spelling. LIST Florida Qmllin 2nd
Nadine Shovel: Sd Rosetta Mumford
Arithmetic. LIST Rosetta Mumfori;
n Florida Quillin: Sd Nadine Shovel.
Gcography,-lst Florida Quillin: I'd
Nadine Showell: Sd Rosetta Mumford.
Language Lessons.-lst Florida Quill
lin: I'd Nadine Showell: 81 Rosetta Mum
ford.
Reading and Definitions Florida
Quillin; 2d Nadine Shovel: I'd Rosetta
Mumford.
American lIistory.-lSt Florida Quill
ford
General average for ycar.-lSt Florida
Quillin; 2d Nadine Showcll ID Rosetta
Mumford.
FOURTH GRADE.
Writing and Composition. list Elma
Trimpcr; I'd Daniel Trimpcr; I'd Virginia
Quillin.
Arithmetic, list Elma Trimper: ID
Daniel Trimper; 81 Mamie Lewis.
Spelling, LIST Daniel Trimper: I'd
Elma Trimper; Ri Mamie Lewis and
Virginia Quillin: tie.
Geography. LIST Elma Trimper; I'd
Daniel Trimpcr; 3d Mamie Lewis
Language Lessons. Elma Trim
per; 2d Mamie Lewis; 81 Daniel Trim
per
Reading and Definitions. LIST Mamie
Lewis. 2d Elma Trimpcr; 81 Virginia
Quillm.
History of United States. LIST Elma
Trimpcr; I'd Daniel Trimper; ID Nir-
ginia Quillin.
General average for year list Elma
Trimpcr; 2d Daniel Trimpcr: Ri Mamie
Lewis.
NELLIE Bowen. Teacher.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
Narrow and Deep.

From the Easton Ledger.
The scenery along Pocomolxc sound
and Pocomoke river is especially attrac-
tive. The river is very narrow and as
crooked. nearly, as Boss Quay's politi-
cal methods in Pennsylvania. As one
of the party put it. it's So narrow that
hut one side of the boat is painted If
paint should be put on the other side it
would scrape offagainst the bank and
it's SO crooked and the turns are 50 short
THAI at times the passengers in the how
of the boat are shaking hands with those
on the after deck.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01

-"Iou may bend the >apling but not
the tree. When disease has become
chronic and deep seated it is often difii-
cult to curei it. That Is the reason why it is
best to take Hoods SarSaparila when
disease first shows itself Hoods Pills
are the favorlte family cathartic.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
Ube Messen9er

Local notices ~ these columns are
charged for at the rate Of 10 cents a line
for erery insertion. II matters not ,chdt
others charge. We regulate our o,cn
prices according to The fair 'corth Of this
journal as an adre, tisinq medium.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
a Church for Contract.

The Building Committee is now ready
To receive proposals for building the
brick Methodist Episcopal Church about
Ia bc erected in Snow Hill The plans,
specifications. etc. can be- seen by APP
plying To the pastor of the church. Rev
:. NJ Morgan The bids will be- opened
July lst and the right to reject any or
all bids is reserved. Building Commit
tee. Snow Hin, Maryland.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
COkeSbury Notes.

Preaching services on SUNDAY next
aS usual CokcShury in the morning al
1870 aud at Emmanuel at 3o'clock
An excellent program was rendered.
AT the childrcns day Scrviccat Hollands,
last Sunday. which reflects great credit
on those who had the work on hand
The last service If the kind on the
Pocomoke circuit will he hcldat Williams
church on Sunday night next July ID
at 30.
The excellent program prepared hy
the Board of Education of the NJ +.
Church Peace or War" Will be- render
ed All are invited
Our baby has been continually trouh
led with collie and cholera infantum
since his birth, and all that we could
do for him did not seem Ia give more
than temporary relief. until we tried
Chamberlain Collie. Cholera and Diar.
rhoca Remedy Since giving that rem
edy he has not been troubled We want
10 give YOU this testimonial as an cvi-
dence Of our gratitude. not that You
need II to advertise Your mcritorious
remedy &c. NJ LAW. Kcokuk. Iowa
Fm sale by T. D. Cottingham X CO.,
Druggist Snow Hill. and L. l.. Dirick-
soii. .Ir Berlin, Md
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01

DO you suffer with headache or de-
fective vision: If 50. YOU can probably
avoid future Disagreement, blindness
or surgical operation by using pair
of my fine crystal and properly fitted
glasses NV skill Is at Your service and
no charge for the scientific optical ex-
animation of Your eyes Bear i'll mind.
Siegel the well known celebrated optican
from BALTIC. will be At Mrs Moore ;
boarding house. beginning next Mon
day July Sd for the week. Don't miss
this chance Beware Of impnSters. No
agents or peddlerS employed Mr.
Siegel will leave here for Pocomoke City
following Monday. and remain at the
Parker House the whole week.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
LOCALS.


One step won't take you very far.
You've got tn keep on walking:
One word won't tell folks what YOU are,
You've got Ia keep ON talking.
One inch won't make you very tall.
You've got 10 keep ON growing:
One little lad" won't do il all.
You've got to keep 'em going.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
Officers Elected.

Al their regular meeting Monday
night, Snow Hill Council No. l65. Jr
O. L. y. NJ elected the following ofii
GERS Ia serve for the ensuing six months.
Junior Past Councilor-.JohnS Hill.
Councillor Robert :. Powell
Vice Councilor-Rc II. J. Dudley.
Assistant Recording Secretary -ChaS
A Clarke.
Chaplain-W ]. G. Mckee.
Conductor Il. w Hcarthway.
Warden Charles Iank.
Inside Sentinel John X. Taylor
Outside Sentinel Stansbury FiggS
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01
Ocean CITY School Report.
SIXTH GRADE.

Report of standing of Ocean City
pupils in the higher room of the Public
Schools
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01

Ocean Lodge No. 81. |. o. O. f. last
Tuesday night elected the following
officers for next term
Noble Grand William Bocttchcr.
Vice Grand g. A. Clarke
Secrctary-W \. McAllcn.
Treasurer w. ID. Corddry. .Jr.
Marshall w X. Spurricr.
Chaplain W J. Mckee.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1899-07-01

p D. Cottimgham & Co. sell the
finest soda water
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1899-02-24

Steam heating plant has taken the
place Of furnace and Thu outlay is an.
proved. President Mcfarland and
the management are complimented
for good work done. Total appropria.
tion OF e&,135 recommended.
At the state penitsntiary the appro.
priation Of 1900 BY the last legislature
has been utilized in the erection Of a
warden's residence which has afforded
more room in the institution proper,
Increase Of cell room will soon be de
manded by the increasing number Of
commitments, but tthp COMMITTEES does
not urge the feature at this time,
Total appropriations Of e49,lOO are re.
commended, Of which 9a,5OO 10 for an
electric light plant.
Bismarck, Feb. 20.-The Committee
on appropriations last night decided
on recommendations for state institu-
tions as follows: Agricultural college,
900; penientiary, o64, 900; state uni.
versity, 81, ,O00. for deficit and tax OF
two-flfths Of mill on all property in
the state for maintenance; Mayville
Normal school, S2230O; Valley City
Normal school. $500; deaf and dumb
school, ~, 900; soldiers' home and in.
sane asylum, $l06,O00.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1899-02-24
FIGHTING IN CHINA.

Clash st Tai Lien VISA Between the Osi-
sntal Troops sad . Russian Force.
PHx1N, Feb. 20.-A serious conflict
has taken place between the Russians
and Chinese at Tai Lien Wan, 800 Of
the latter being killed. It is said to
have originated in question Of taxes.
DETROIT, Mich, Feb. 20. Admiral
Lord Charles Beresford, en- route from
Chicago to the east, was seen in Detroit
while on passage in relation to the bat
tie in China at Tai Lien Wan between
Russians and Chinese. Lord Beresford
informed the Associated Press repre-
sentative that such battle was what
he had been expecting for some time
and that the battle would shake the
Chinese government more than any
thing that has occurred, and trade
would also suffer. Tai Lien is about
100 miles from Port Arthur, the Rus
sian coaling station and headquarters in
China. In and about the two places
was Russian army of from II, ,OOO to
10000 men. The Chinese army in Man
churia. in which province both places
are situated, consists Of about 10000
men, of whom, however. but 5000 are
sufficiently drilled to be Of any use in
actual warfare.