Middletown transcript., 1899-08-19

| made to hammer a way through its
walls. When the flagella succeeds it
is believed it is carrying out the act of
fertilization.
EFFECT ON THE BIRDS.
Thus inoculated, the crow is consid'
cred a fit subject for another crop
Of mosquitoes, which may suck the
malarial germs from their victims
blood and, after the intermediate pro-
cess, be ready to inOculate other birds,
as the invest g ,tion is carried on. One
point has been settled conclusively, so
the doctors say, and that is that the
m1sqnito cannot directly in0culate ma
laria from an infected person or bird to
another. Although the mosquito may
have malarial germs In its stomach it
cannot transmit them until the process
of reproduction has been gone through
with and the germs get into the saliv-
AIRY glands.
Usually the birds are not injured by
the incubation and survive to serve the
purposes of The doctors for further ex-
perimentations. The remaining mo,
squitoes are killed off without COM
FUNCTION or protest from sntivivisect-
ionists. Some exper imenters have had
their birds succunb to the severity Of
the disease thus introduced into their
systems.
FACTS FROM DIR. THAYER's PAPER.
Investigation Of the transmission Of
malaria by mosquitoes was suggested
by the following facts as set forth by
DR.. William s. Thayer, of Baltimore,
in a paper on malaria read before the
Maryland Public Health Association:
Mosquitoes invariably exist in malarious
regions, and the malarial fevers are more
prevalent at those periods when the mo-
squitoes are most abundant; they are
especially numerous in the regions about
swamps and marshes where the dangers of
infection are greatest. In malarious dis
trict there is greater danger of infection at
about sundown and at night, but sunset
and night are periods at which mosquitoes
are highly active, The danger Of infection
are greater near the ground than in elevated
positions, but mosquitoes are more numer-
GUS near the ground. The danger Of infec
ton is greater on quiet nights than in
windy weather. but wind is particularly
unfavorable to the mosquito.
Emin Pasha was so convinced that the
bite of the mosquito played an important
part in the etiology Of malarial fever in
Africa that he always travelled with a mo-
squito net, and escaped the disease. Big
nami, further, has noted that in certain
parts of Italy workmen who live in conical
huts, with hole at the top, through which
the smoke of their little fire passes, are
unusually free from the disease, while
those about them may be almost universally
affected. OF course, the presence of smoke
is one of the surest projections against
mosquitoes.
in Africa to the study of malaria, was
strongly impressed with the probability of
this hypothesis. He says: 1.-THE more I
study this disease the more incline toward
the opinion that the latter (transference of
the infection by means of the mosquito) is
the main, probably the only method.
Wherever one goes he finds tropical ma
laria and the mosquito present together
On the coast lin East Africa there are
several places which are free from the
disease. One of these is the Island Chole,
which lies upon the southern extremity of
the Island of Malta. This is the only place
on the coast where could sleep without
a mosquito net. In the mountains malaria
stops at exactly that point where no mo-
squitoes are to be found. Inland malaria
diminishes together with the mosquitoes.
At those times of the year when there are
many mosquitoes malaria is more severe
The natives of Usamba-a Mountain often
acquire the disease when they descend to
the lowlands. They believe it 10 be due to
the bites of the mosquitoes, and call the
disease by the same name which they give
to the mosquito-"Nbu.'
TRANSMISSION OF MALARIA.
Fortunately 1t is believed that ma
Iaria ia the only disease transmitted by
live mosquitoes. Filaria sanguinis
hominis, o hemmorrhagic disease, is
-. 4 IA
impregnate water with the germs,
which are fatal to themselves. Ap-
parently the mosquitoesare not affected
BY the malaria germs which they breed.
Study tf the carrying Of malarial
infection. BY mosquitoes has led to the