The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-02-28
CONCLUDED FROM PAGE IL


promptly; the reason is to stop the pro-
duction Of bacteria. The laborer need
know nothing of bacteria to possess the
art Of getting the heat out of the milk.
The next step is separating the cream
from the skimmilk, either by the old
process OF using the skinner or by the
new process of using the separator.
Scientists have worked for years to
bring about the present methods. The
colored man of the South can be taught
very readily how to skim, either with
the SKINNER or with the separator,
and yet, to be sure, knowing nothing
about the science that underlies the
operation. The next step is churning.
Scientists have worked for years to de-
termine at what stage of ripenesscream
should be churned; at what stage OF
acidity, al what stage Of the develop
ment of bacteria. All of these have
been determined and very simple
methods by which with the use OF a
little alkali the readiness of the cream
for the churn can be known, can be
followed, and when the colored man Is
shown this, he can do it without IN
curing anything about the delicate
process by which the ripeness Of cream
ia arrived at. There are few good
housewives or husbandmen IN the
country, who know when TO churn
cream. If enough scidity is not de-
veloped. the fat will be wasted in but
termilk and if too much is developed,
the flavor of the butter Is injured.
From a fifth to a fourth of all the fat
OF all the milk on the farms o. the
United States ia lost because people do
not understand when to churn cream.
The churning process is an art having
much science underlying it. But the
cotton grower of the South needs only
to learn the way while the man who
teaches him can understand the science.
He q use the thermometer and tell
when the cream is al the right tenn
perature for churniDg; ne can be taught
when to stop %churning; he can be
taught how to work the butter, and
although q good deal OF science under
lies this, it is not necessary that he
should study it, provided his instructor
understands enough to teach him the
art. II the butter is to be used IN a
dav.m more butter milk can be left in it
to develop the favor. If it is to DC
used within a week less Euste1mik
must bs left there to avoid developing
the favor too soon. If it Is to cross the
Atlantic, still less should be left, so
that the bacteria in the butter will de-
velop the flavor expected at the time
il is offered for sale. 1 think that the
coIored man can be taught all these
things"
land you think there is good oppor
tunity offered In the South for meat
production?"
Undoubtedly. THERE'S much science
around the art Of breeding ansmsle,
and very much yet remains TO be dis
covered, but enough is known to indi
cate to the colored cotton grower OF
the South who is to be diverted into
work of this kind, to enable him to
breed the herd intelligently.
CLIMATE FAvORs THE SOUTH.
THE South can prepare the spring
lamb for market much earlier than the
North can. The American is learning
to eat mutton, because mutton rather
than wool sheep are being propagated
at present, and as more good mutton
is offered, the American will eat more
good mutton. The South can produce
this product just IS easily as it can
produce early strawberries.
THE SOUTH AT HOME IN HORsE RAISING
"The Southern land owner under
stands horse raising. He understands
how to rear and nurture the saddle
horse, something not understood by
people generally. There is always a
greater demand for saddle horses than
is suppli- d. The world wants carriage
horses; it wants drat5 horses; it wants
good roadsters. The Southern gentle
man is ready now to lead In this bro
duction, and If he would use the South
ern labor along this line it would be
profitable both to him and to that
labor. Farmers in all parts of the
United States know far more about
horses than about cows and sheep.
early spring chickens-the broilers
can be produced down South becaus,
they have milder winters and miIde,
springs than we have, and the North
ern market is a good buy or. Shout,
this market become over supplied, W
can send this product abroad in tn