davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
TIE ARMY AS 1T STANDS TODAY.

retain in the service, including the reg.
uiar army major generals, one major
general for every 10000 enlisted men,
and. including the regular brigadiccs.
one brigadier for every 1000 enlisted
men. No additional regular army staff
officers are provided for, but there is
provision for volunteer staff officers il
needed.
In short, what is by misnomer called
the reorganization of the army" is
merely an act to continue for two
years longer the establishment raised
for the Spanish war, namely, until July
l. 1901. AS before, the regular army Is
to consist OF three major generals and
six brigadiers for the field and eleven
staff brigadiers, at the head of the ad-
jutant generals, the inspector gen.
erals, the judge advocate generals,
the quartermaster generals, the sur
seon generals, the commissary gen.
erals, the paymaster generals and
ordnance departments, the corps of en-
gineers and signal corps respectively.
The same number of cavalry, artil-
lery and infantry regiments are con-
tlnued. In other words, the regular
army provided for in the Cockrell-
German compromise is exactly the reg
ular army of the Spanish war, which
will continue until July /, 1901, when
it will be superseded by the condition
described in the opening paragraph of
this article, unless, meanwhile, Con-
greSS takes hold Of the matter and ar
tually' reorganizes the entire concern.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
ANIMALS
lave Steadily Decreased in Size Sine,
Prehistoric Times.

Have Steadily Decreased in Size Since
Prehistoric Times.
Most OF the gigantic animals of ge-
illogical eras belonged to species which
have completely vanished, and of those
which have living representatives it
IS difficult to say whether they have
undergone a true change of size or
whether the modern examples are
merely survivals of smaller contempo-
rary varieties. The larger animals
have a tendency to disappear first in
a partial failure of food supply. Gil
gantic armadilloes closely resembling
those of the present day were for
merly abundant in South America.
The remains of huge sloths are found
in Cuba and North America. Sharks
attaining a length of more than 100
feet are found in comparatively recent
fossil deposits. Another fish which
represents a larger prehistoric species
is the American bony pike, which is
one OF the few survivals of the enor-
ganoids of the secondary strata.
The tiny nautilus Of the present day
had kindred 10 or IL feet long in early
times. Another small shell fish, the
pteropod, whose delicately complex
structure is packed in an inch OF shell,
is found in fossil remains to have
reached the respectable length OF q
couple of feet.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
large increase in line and staff Off.

large increase in line and staff Off
GERS.
When the Hull bill reached the SEN
ate it was strongly artagonized by the
opposition on the old ground of dis
like and fear of a large standing army.
A compromise measure was forced up
on the administration in spite OF
threats of calling an extra session. A
bill known as the Cockrell-Gorman
substitute was adopted, and was sub
sequently passed by the house and ap-
proved by the President. Neither was
this a reorganization bill.
1t provides for the muster out of the
volunteer army, in accordance with the
original act OF 1898, and permits the
President to retain in service the
present regular army at a strength not
exceeding $4,000 men, and, in addition,
to raise a new force of $4,000 volun-
teers, to be recruited from the country
at large or in the new colonies, as pre-
ferred by the military authorities. 1t
authorizes the President to appoint or
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

The Rev. T. Dewitt Talmage weekly
breaches to a larger congregation than
any clergyman on earth, owing to the
TACT that his ermon are published in
full by thousands of American newspa-
pers. One Of the great dailies that has
not failed for years to print Talmage's
weekly sermon is that bulwark of p.u-
tocracy, the St. Louis Glohe-Democrat,
and the following extract from one of
Rev. Talmage's recent ermons was
clipped from that paper. Never before
did the Globe-Democrat admit to its
columns such a scathing denunciation
Of monopolies and the monopoly rule
which 1t is that papers chosen policy to
uphold.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
Municipal VS.. Private Ownership.

Aurora, ILL.,, paid 1920 a year per
street lamp to a corporation; it now
supplies it's own service at s53.55 The
same costs the Little Rock munich
pality $41.2O, but Philadelphia pays
$3.50. Louisville city is the controlling
stakeholder in the light company, and
SO gets but half the benefits of pure
municipal ownership in the electric
lamps costing $3.50, but New York
and Brooklyn, with private ownership,
pay $146 and S182 for lamps Of the
same power. In Westield, N. Y, un-
der municipal ownership, the lamps
cost $50 a year, but Washington, D.
Logansport, Ind, has an electric plant
costing $1OO,O4S the receipts rom
which in 1898 were $32,119 and ex-
penses $1s,313; yet it supplies mean
descent lights to citizens at 80 cents
a year! In this city the same service,
by a private corporation, estimated on
two hours use per lamp nightly, would
cost about $500! In 10 cities, tabu-
lated by Salt Lake Living Issues, the
average cost per arc light before mu-
nicipal ownership was s247.50 and af-
ter municipal ownership $55.
In Wheeling (where coal is very
cheap all the bonds issued for buy
ing the gas works have been paid, and
gas is supplied at rs cents per thous-
and. The city burned itself $4,000
worth annually, and yet made $4,000
profit, which more than sufices to pay
for electric street lighting. In Great
Britain, 203 cities own their gas works
and the average cost to citizens is 54
cents, where before such ownership it
COST over $1.00. Salt Lake City pays
s72 per electric lamp to a company;
Jacksonville, Fla, has its own plant,
and the cost is IS. Living Issues claims
that the supply Of power is as good
there as in Jacksonville, and that the
cost per lamp under city ownership
would be no greater in one than in the
other.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
DUNKHORST A
Record of the Boxer Who Will Figh,
at Athens

at Athens.
Since the days when Joe McAuliffe
came out of the west to win fame in
the prize ring there never was a boxer
of note who possessed the same gen
erous proportions claimed by Ed
Dunkhorst, who meets Joe Butler at
Athens tomorrow evening. Dunk
horst is six feet high, and weighs. in
condition, 225 pounds. He has been
nicknamed the "Mastodon," and it is
we'll earned. But Dunkhorst is differ
ent from most of the big fellows in
that he is fast as a feather-weight.
Those who witnessed his terrific fight
with Peter Maher at the Arena need
no further v%erification of that state
ment. Fast as Maher was, Dunkhorst
was equally so. and, although Maher
won, he did not get off scot free by
any means. While a comparatively
newcomer in tine ring, Dunkhorst's
dozen battles have already demon
strated the possibilities Of his huge
frame, when thoroughly seasoned. One
popularity Of Dunkhorst's is that he
seems to be immune from the blows
soporiic, which SO many boxers sue
cumb to. Up to the present time he
has never been knocked out, and it
looks as though he eve will be. AL
though he vas in nc condition for a
contest when he met Maher at the
Arena, and the Irish champion landed
again and again on his jaw the pun
melting he received did not seem to af-
feet Dunk" He took it all good ma
turedly. and Maher, who always be-
lieved his good right hand was irwin
chile, was iumfounded. Dunkhorst
has declared that had he been in
shape he would have beaten Maher
that night, and many good judges
agree with him. When Gus Rubin
was at his best and Dunkhorst only a
novice 1t SOCK the former twenty-five
rounds to win from the Syracuse man
at the Greater New York Athletic club.
The experience he gained there did
Dunkhorst good, for he went right up
to Toronto and beat Charley Strong
so badly that the referee stopped the
bout in the fourth round. Frank
Childs, the colored giant, met dunk"
at Detroit for eight rounds, and the
Cadillac Athletic club witnessed the
fastest fighting ever seen in thai sec
tioa.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
Seven at q Birth.

The greatest number of children
born at a birth was sever This case
is we'll authenticated. 1t occurred In
Hamelin, Germany, in 1900; and in a
house which is yet standing and bears
the following inscriptions: Here re-
sided a citizen, Roemer by name. His
spouse, Anna Bregres, well known in
the town, when they wrote the year
1900. On January 9th, in the morning
at three, bare two boys and five maid
ems at the n time. They having re-
ceived holy baptism, died a blessed
death on the goth of the same month
at twelve o'clock. May God grant them
that blessedness which is prepared for
all believers"
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
How His Ears Must Tinrl..

The sultan OF Turkey Is most in
quisitive about what is said and writ
ten about him abroad. Every day
translations are laid before him from
the newspapers Of the world, and these
are all closely perused. His majesty,
by the way, is a bad hand at suffering.
At one time he wanted to have an ach-
ing tooth removed, and dared not.
Eigh. slaves had molars drawn out in
his presence, that he might have an
opportunity OF Judging the extent OF
suffering entailed, and finally the sui
tan decided that he would rather bear
the pain than undergo such an ordeal
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
Organization of Our Fighting Forces in
and Out of Action.

Previous to the outbreak of the
spanish war the permanent military
establishment of the United States was
comprised in ten regiments Of cavalry.
nVe regiments Of artillery and twenty
nVe regiments of infantry, with their
necessary adjuncts of the staff bureaus,
altogether aggregating 2,164 officers
and 25,O0O enlisted men. BY law it's en-
listed strength was limited to Is, 200
men, not including some hundreds of
general service clerks, hospital attend
ants, etc. So that, with slight fluctua-
lions in the official personnel and these
subsidiary corps, the aggregate
strength of the army had ranged for a
number OF years around $4,000. In 1898
IN the forty regiments Of the line there
were 23,31O enlisted men, or an aver
age of 61O in the cavalry regiments, SO
in the artillery regiments and 521 in
the infantry regiments.
On April %, 1898, Congress passed
an act to provide for temporarily in
%creasing the military establishments Of
the country in time of war. Three days
later an act declaring war against
Spain was passed, reciting that war
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
SOUTH AFRICAN HORSES.

Their Endurance Is Remarkable-sorry
- Mays to Look At.
One of the first things that strike
the %wanderer in the great expanses OF
the southern hemisphere is the
strength and endurance of the horses,
says South Africa. He notes that,
though to look at they are the sorrl-
est scrags be ever set eyes on, yet they
appear to be possessed of a power OF
getting over the ground that is little
short of miraculous, and so astonish-
ing in its persistence as to seesl auto
matte. A striking instance came un-
der MY notice only a few days after
landing in Cape Town, in 1863. l was
sitting one Saturday afternoon on The
stoop of Parks hotel, which occupied
the corner of Adderley and Strand
streets, when a dust-covered horseman
stopped and dismounted. His horse
was taken to the stables, and in the
course Of conversation in the bar 1
learned that he was a member of the
legislative assembly for IN up-country
district. There was no railway com
munication with the interior in those
days, and he had ridden in from his
home, at Colesberg, in less than six
days, having started the previous Mon
day. Now, Colesberg is more than 500
miles from Cape Town, and the
try is very rough going, much of it
being heavy and other parts very
mountainous. No English-bred horse,
fed according to English methods,
could have accomplished such a ride
as this, more especially when we con-
slider the temperature of the Cape Col
ony. I went to look at the animal on
which the journey had been performed
and found it to be a little roar schim-
mel, barely fourteen hands, and ap-
parently as fresh as paint. Another
very remarkable ride that came under
my notice was performed by a Boer
who lived a few miles from Greytown,
in Natal. His wife was taken i'll, and
a particular medicine, not to be oo-
tanned in Greytown, was imperative.
So in the early hours of the night he
started for Maritzburg, ffty-five miles
distant, through an extremely billy
country, and was back on his farm in
sixteen hours. The remarkable thing
in this instance was that the Boer
weighed oyer seventeen stone. In my
W experience many instances of the
wonderful staying powers of African
horses have occurred. To mention one:
In 1866 I had been appointed ho:lora-
BILE secretary for the first athletic
sports held in the Umboti country of
Natal. They were to be held in Grey
town on boxing day, which fell on a
Monday. All preparations, entries, ETC.,
were concluded early in December,
when ! received an urgent request to
go to the Transvaal to look after a
friend who was lying very i'll in his
wagon with no attendants but a couple
Of raw Kaffirs. ! rode as hard as l
could, and found him among the KEEP
tes of the Drakenberg, between Lyden-
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

had existed from April 81, 1898, and di-
recting and empowering the President
to use the entire land and naval forces
of the United States in the prosecu-
ton of the war, and to call out the
militia of the several states to the ex-
tent necessary Ito carry this act into
effect" and the following day a bill
was passed "for the better organiza-
ton Of the line of the army of the
United States" which authorized an
increase OF the regular army in time
of war to about 1000 officers and men,
but provided that when the war was
over the permanent establishment
should be reduced to a peace basis, and
that nothing contained in this act
shall be construed as authorizing 4
permanent increase of the commits
stoned or enlisted forces of the regular
army" beyond what it vas before war
was declared.
When peace with Spain was restored
the administration was in something
of a dilemma. Although the war was
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

cludes in it's membership every large
monopolist, to destroy monopoly? Can
We expect any help from the pot-house
and gambling house politicians of New
York and Chicago, by whatever polit-
ical name they may call themselves?
Shall we allow Wall street to draft the
plans for our campaign against o
opoly?
Such men as DR.. Talmage, Gov. Pin
gree and Mayor Jones Of Toledo all
vote the Republican ticket-as yet. If
they are honest and intelligent men
they can never vote it again. as the
monopoly control of that party is be-
coming too apparent.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
II Not q Fact.

The Oakland Enquirer asks: "How
can the people be taught to respect the
laws they themselves have nader"
This recalls King Charles celebrated
poser to the Academy Of Sciences:
Why is it that if you put a fish in a
vessel of water it will weigh no more
than it did previously" After the
scientists had exhausted their ingenu-
ity Ia solutions, the king asked them
Il they were sure Of the fact. Now.
VIC don't ask the Enquirer that oues-
ton, but simply deny that the people
either make or administer their
laws.-San Francisco Star.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

berg and Wakkersthoom very bad with
fever, which he had contracted some
where in the low country to the north
west. l tended him for some days, IN
til he was clearly out of danger, and
then suddenly remembered that l had
to be in Greytown on Monday norm
ing. I was then sitting on the wagon
box, drinking my morning coffee, at 6
a. m. Saturday morning. Grewtown
was 220 miles away, but I was at my
post there at 10 a. m. and in addition
took a second prize, both in the run
ming and jumping competitions.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
The Wrong Pig by the Far.

20
The statesman was in an agitated
frame of mind.
So was the exploiter.
Both paced uneasily up and down the
corridors OF time.
What's troubling you?" asked the
statesman.
The exploiter leaned against the wall.
THE unemployed" he gasped.
The statesman turned pale.
What Of them?" he cried.
The exploiter recovered the use Of
his limbs with a mighty effort.
He said:
What will we do with the unem-
ployed?"
The statesman laughed bitterly.
you've got the wrong pig by the
ear" he replied. What will the un-
employed do with us?"
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
Automatic Railroad Gates.

Berlin's Society Of Railroad Inter
ests offers a prize Of 1000 marks $500
for an. acceptable scheme for auto
matte gates at railroad crossings. The
provisions are that the gates must be
closed by the oncoming train about
two minutes before the train reaches
the crossing and opened automatically
Immediately after the train has passed
the crossing. The directorates are
eager to find something better than
human employees to depind upon for
the protection Of their lilroad cross.
ings.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
The New English Policx

The British government has given
an American firm the contract for a
large bridge to be erected in the Sou
dan. All the locomotives for that coun-
try will be built in American shops.
The process of making America the
workshop of the world" and England
the paradise Of the rich is setting in
Appeal to Reason.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

Next year is destined to be a Populist
year. The anti-monopoly forces will
not everywhere carry the Populist flag,
but the battle all along the line will be
for Populist as against %plutocratic prin-
ciples, with Bryan as the popular lead
err. And it will be a winning fight.
The tactics during the coming year of
the combined usurers and trusts will
make a political ground swell inevi-
table.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

When Richard Wagner declared his
faith that the people would be the ar
lists of the future, and that from the
most absolute democracy the true mu-
sic would come, his critics pointed to
the multitudes as a conclusive answer.
This mob" he said in reply, lis in no
wise a normal product of real human
nature, but is, instead, the artificial
product of your unnatural culture; all
the crimes and horrors which you find
so repulsive in this mob are only des-
perate incidents of the war which real
human nature is waging against its
cruel oppressor-modern civilization
From possessions" he says. (which
have become private property, and
which now. strangely enough, are re-
garded as the very foundation OF good
order, spring all the crimes, both OF
myth and of history"
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

I never could believe that Provi-
dence had sent a few men into the.
world, ready booted and spurred to
ride, and millions ready saddled and
bridled to be ridden.-Richard Rum.
bold, on the scaffold, 1855.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

The use Of the law as the instrument
l%essness is a form of anarchy from
which our nation urgently needs ,e-
demption.-Herron.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

MIR. Rockefeller claims that he re-
ceived his colossal wealth as a gift
from God. l would like to examine the
witnesses to that transaction.-Debs.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
POINTS FROM THE PRESS.

When the people are tired of fighting
and devouring one another, and of be-
ing robbed, skinned, and cast into the
ditch to starve and die, they can try
cooperative and brotherhood for a
change. The change can't hurt and
may help them.-Humanity.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

The two houses of the Arizona legis
lature passed a bill for allowing the
people to vote on laws. but the very
paternal governor, appointed by Nc
Hanna, vetoed the bill. He knows
much better than the people what the
people want. All kings do, you know.
erty with a big l.. The republican
kind Of liberty. Appeal to Reason.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

America is "pacifying" the Phil
ippine islanders on the same plan that
Spain pursued, only as we have better
troops we are able to kill them faster.
The New Era.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

Our growing commerce with the new
possessions in the far Pacific is most
encouraging. Our exports this month
to the Philippines amount to several
thousand American youth with guns,
and 81, SOC, 900 in gold. while our i'm
ports therefrom amount to only sew
eral hundred sick, wounded and inval-
ided soldiers. AS will be seen. the trade
balance is heavily in u favor
Springfield Republican.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
WORDS OF THE WISE.

1t has often been said that corpora.
lions have no souls, and the same is
still more true of the governments of
our day.-Alfred Russell Wallace.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

No mar can live piously or die
righteously without a woman.-Rich-
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23
IS NOTHING WRONG?
REV. r. DE WITT TALMAGE ON
MONOPOLY.

A Sermon Filled with Hot Shot for the
Plutocrats Monopoly the Brlbe-
Giser, the Thief, the Wholesale On
pEessOr.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

Municipal, state, and national owner
ship Of public utilities, and of what
eve may become a monopoly, will as
surely come as the trusts have come,
and then the trusts will disappear
Pittsburg Kansan.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

Total enlisted strength.........63, lO6
These figures give an average of en-
listed strength to the several regiments
Of the different arms as follows: Cav
airy, 1,217; artillery, 1858; infantry,
1888.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1899-06-23

The staff department is the only
branch of the service really needing re-
organization.
The army as it is and as it will re-
main until 1901 is set u in the fol-
lowing tabular statement, copied from
the Army Register for 1899:
Ten cavalry regiments..........12,17O
Seven artillery regiments. ....... 16,5 SAL
Twenty-Five infantry regiments. .32,225
Unattached 239
Indian scouts, recruiting parties,
etc.. ia
Quartermaster's Department.. los
Subsistence department ......... 80
Engineer bureau. 757
Ordnance bureau. COS
Signal corps 200