davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24

Lexington, KY, Nov. 2o.-Maj Henry
Clay Mcdowell, probably the best
known citizen of Kentucky in private
life, died after a long illness of heart
trouble. He served with distinction in
the civil war on the staff of Gen.
Rosecrans, and since the war has been
a prominent republican,
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
A Corrupt Deal,

Berlin, Nov. 2o.-The Tageblatt ex-
poses what is apparently corrupt deal
by which the present chief of the
colonial department is said to have
given away $4,000 square kilometers of
Kameroon soil, said to be worth about
4o,ooo,ooo marks. 20 yarions high per-
sonages.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
rrench oalcer to Serve In poer Army,

Paris, Nov. so.-The Gaulois says
that Col. DeVille Boisemareuil, for
merly of the general staff, left FRANCE
on October 26 for South Africa on the
invitation of the Transvaal govern.
ment, which offered him high rank
in its army.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
schley,s Sailing orders.

Washington, Nov. 2O.-The final sail
ing orders to Rear Admiral Schley are
being withheld in order that they may
be issued BY Secretary Long himself.
The secretary is expected to arrive in
Washington from Colorado by Sunday.
Therefore the orders may issue Monday.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
To Cure La Grippe in "a Hours

No remedy equals WARNER IS WHITE
WINE OF TAR SYRUP for this terrible
and fatal disease. II taken thorough
ly and in time, it will cure case in
"a hours, and for the cough that
follows La Grippe it never fails to
give relief. Price 25c and 5Oc.-J. III.
Luerss Drug Co.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
OUR CANDIDATE IN 1900

Words worthy to be cut in imperish-
able granite and planted along the
wayside of every public highway in
America. "Money is made to be the ser
cant Of n,an-and l protest against all
theories that e,tlp1one money md debases
mankind. D Williana j. Blyan.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
A New Ilridre

The Illinois Central Railway COM
pany has begun the construction of
the railway bridge across the river at
Dubuque and 100 men will be given
employment all winter. The old iron
work will be removed and new put in
its place. Meanwhile the crossing will
not be interfered with. The cost of
the new bridge will be about 100000.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
May order n General Strike.

indianapolis, Ind, Nov. 2O.-The ex-
exutfve board of the United Mine Work.
ers has voted to order general strike
of miners in the southwest unless rail-
road and coal companies consider de-
mands made by the organization.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
TELL YOUR SISTER

A Beautiful Complexion is an impos-
sibllity without good pure blood, the
sort that only exists inconnection with
good digestion, 9 healthy liver and
bowels. Karl's CLOVER Root Tea acts
directly on the bowels, liver and kid
neys keeping them in perfect health.
Price % cts. and 30 cts.
j, II, Luers Drug Co.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
appointment for Bynum.

Washington, Nov. 20.-Former Con-
gresham W. b. Hsnum, of Indiana, has
been appointed member of the board
of general appraisers, at New York,
Vice Wilkinson. resigned.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
j, II, Luers Drug Co.

j, ID. Bridges, Editor "pemocrat. %
Lancaster, N. H., says, "One Minute
Cough Cure is the hest remedy for
Group eyer lised." Immediately re-
lieyes and cures coughs, colds, Group,
asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, grippe
and all throat and lung troubles. 1t
prevents consumption.
j. III. Luers Drug Co.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24

You never know what form of blood
poison will follow constipation. Keep
the liver clean by using DeWitt's Lit
tie Early Risers and you will avoid
trouble. They are famous little pills
for constipation and liver and bowel
trouble. j. III. LuerS Drug Co,
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
To Cure a Cold In One Dav.

Take Warmers White Wine of Tar
Syrup, the best cough remedy on
earth. % and so centS.--J. III, Luers
Drug Co.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
May HAZE Bubonie Piasue Aloard.

New York, Nov. 20. = The British
steamer j. w. Taylor, from Santos, is
detainci! az quarantine under suspicion
of having bnbouic plague among The
crew.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
JOSEPH WOODS
Administl ators Notice.

HuTnInIStf dt0TS NOTICE..
Estate of NJ. N. Holcomb, Deceased.
Notice is hereby given. That the subscriber
has been duly appointed lIXecutrix to the Es-
tate OF N. N. Holcomb. late of Albion township,
In the County of Howard, State of Iowa, de-
ceased: has taken upon herself that trust by
giving bonds as the law directs. all persons
having demands upon the Estate of the said
deceased are required to exhibit the same; and
persons indebted to the said Estate are called
upon to make payment to
ANNA j. HOLCOMB,
NoV6, lS9o. 1Sw3 EXecutriX,
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
WAAa0KD W00RRKK])
ALL KINDS OF WOODWORK

promptly attended to and satisfaction
in price add quality guaranteed. With
ample machinery and skilled work.
men, we feel warranted in promising
good service; and with the best ma
terials constantly in stock. are ready
to meet all competition In our line of
work.
Shop south side of Market Street.
west from Woellstein's store; formerly
the N. A. Mastine shop.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
TAX SALE.
State of Iowa, Howard County,

Office of County Treasurer.
Notice is hereby given that on the first Monday
in December A. D. $780, at the Office of the Treas
urer of said county, all lands town lots or other
real property on which taxes remain due and I'M
paid any year or years prior to 1899 will be offered
public sale for the total amount of taxes, inter-
est and costs due and unpaid thereon. Said sale
to commence at ten o'clock a NJ. of said day and
continue from day to day until all of such real
property shall be sold.
The following list contains description of the
several parcels of real property to be sold for the
delinquent taxes of 1899, and such other property
vieus years, or on which taxes remain due.
G. r. STORY, Co. Treas.
Int
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1899-11-24
AFRAID OF ARREST.

Superintendent Junior League Work
usie Mills, MarshalltoWn
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-04-12
POPE ADDRESSES CARDINALS.
PRAISES THE CZAR'S INITIATIVE AND RE-
FERs TO THE POWER OF THE CHURCH
IN SETTLING DISPUTES.

Rome. April lin his address to the cardinals
the Pope, after expressing gratitude to the DIT;
Tor his restoration to health and his thankfulness
for the proofs OF affection from all parts OF the
world. warmly eulogzcd the Cars initiative in
calling the Peace Conference. and expressed the
hope that 1t would lead to the settlement OF all dis
putes between nations by moral and pacific means.
The Pontin also dwet upon the Churchs mission
OF pacifcaton. mot only in the domain OF con-
science. but in the public and social sphere. n mis-
sion which the Church fulhls in proportion with
the freedom left TO her action" Continuing the
Pope said: Every time the Church has interviewed
directly In the serious affairs of the world 1t has
assured public welfare. and the Popes have often
stopped oppression and secured truces and peace
treaties.
civilization would have persisted without Papa
authority to vindicate the supremacy of right over
might. Expressions may sometimes embarrass and
curta the powers of religion. but amid all vicssi-
tudes the Church pursues Its benehcent mission,
which embraces heaven and earth Pure humani-
tariansm could not insure real and lasting pros
perity. An attempt is even now perceptible to
withdraw civilization from the influence of Chris
tianty"
The Pope concluded with bestowing his benedc-
ton upon those present In firm, strong voice.
Besides the cardinals, a number of bishops and
other dgrlitares OF the Church were present The
health of the Pontf apparently excellent
The Pope received the members OF the Sacred
College, who congratulated the Pontif on his res
tOration health.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-04-12
DOUBTFUL OF THE CANCER MTCROBE
NETWORK PHYSICIANS EXPRESS INcREDULITY

NETWORK PHYSICIANS EXPRESS INCREDULITY
ABOUT DIR. BRAS ALLEGED DISCOVERY
Physicians OF this city receiving with reserve
and scepticism ehe report that DR.. Bra. OF Paris
has discovered the cancer mcrobe. The majority
of them doubt in the first place. II there is any
such thing as "A cancer microbe. They believe that
cancer is not The result OF a microbe but that 1t
has its rise i'm peculiar quality in the consti-
tuition that one has yet been able to learn
anything about
81 do not think" said DR.. George f. Shrady
last night. that cancer has its origin In a mi
crobe. II is disease OF degeneration. as are
diphtheria and typhoid fever but rather diverted
nutrition Cancer does not thrive on a broken
down body. 1t is helped by the nutrition of an
organism which has turned the wrong way. and
this is because 1t Is cell growth. 1t is not hered-
itary or anything of that sort and person is not
safe from it until he is dead. 1t comes unawares'
and nobody has yet found the state OF the body
which produces 1t. But | think 1t Is pretty gen
orally considered that the microbe is not the
causative element in cancer. although some hold
the opposite view.
Now. you can see from this that we would
want TO know a great deal about this al
We do not receive it in a spirit of hostility. for
the medical profession will welcome with oPen,
arms the discovery OF real cure for this dreadful
disease But so many alleged discoveries OF cures
have panned out into thin air that we tb are nron a
The dspa tches say that Dr. Bra has inocuiated
this miCrObe into mas .hio"bH
duced cancer hut this does not prove anything.
II is almost impossible to distinguish between the
assoojafed microbes of a disease and those that
are the cause OF the disease. II they really cause
n Science does need an ear trumpet. either 10
hea 90 Ire discoveries and the real discoveries arc
made by slow hard work. instead OF coming BY
nashlight and dancing around the wor'd over 'ne
DR.. George p. Biggs did not think there was
ANYTHING in the discovery , ~. -
1This sort OF thing has happened so often be.
fore no said that II Is getting tiresome Ot
course we cannot judge or IL unti We learn mo'e
~ the facts but the discovery OF the cancer MI
crobe' does not promise Wei 81, so,h, .. 10
the efiicscy OF the alleged discovery ana -,
''If a cure has been found ne sac rasd nsc,wmaai
he a great boon to humanity, but we neeo actuai
proof of anything OF that SORT
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-04-12
CASE OF THE OLINDE RODRIGUEZ.

AN EFFORT TO PROVE THAT THE BLOCKADE OF
SAN JUAN WAS NOT EFFECTIVE.
Washington. April 1.-THE argument In the case
OF the Olinde Rodriguez. the French steamer cap
ured off San Juan. Porto Rico. July II. 1898 by
the United States cruiser New Orleans was begun
in the United States Supreme Court to-day by
Dstrct-Attorney Brien of South Carolina, for the
Government This is the first OF the naval prize
growing out OF the late The point at Issue
Is whether the blockade effective. and on this
point Mr. Jones. of counsel for the steamers
owners cited dispatches from Captain Sgsbee OF
the st Paul and Commander Davis. OF the Dixie.
Captain Sigsbee's dispatch read
I venture TO suggest that in order to make the
blockade of San Juan positively effective. con-
siderable force of vessels Is needed off that port
enough to detach some occasionally to cruise about
the island.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-04-12
MERIT IN ARMY APPOINTMENTS.
THIRTEEN ENLISTED MEN COMMISSIONED ~
SECOND LIEUTENANTs.

Washington. April II tSpeciaD.-The President to-
day commissioned thirteen under thirty years
OF age second lieutenans OF the infantry arm In
the Regular Army. who successfully passed COM
petitive examinations after serving two years IN
the ranks as enlisted men. so far as Is known by
General Corbn, only one OF these enlisted men had
parent in the Government service. and In that
instance the young man. having worked his way
up to n sergeantcy in the 9Th Cavalry, stood the
test without filing application OF any kind HE
father the Solicitor of the Treasury under the
last Democratic Administration. and was displaced
two years ago. although he served In the Union
Army as colonel OF Tennessee volunteers In the
Civil War. This young mans brother Is gradu-
ate Of West Point and first lieutenant In the
Regular establishment. None OF the remaining
twelve successful competitors attempted TO bring
any influence to bear to secure appointment. but
trusted everything to their examination papers.
The qualifications for appointment tr9m 'n sv nsn
for obvious reasons. and when Il Is remembersd
how many college graduates and sons OF prominent
forts to secure commissions after being designated
to appear the following list, which shows the per-
listed men Du carries Convincing demonstration OF the
high standing Of the young men now being al
The new appointees with their regiments and
examination figures. are:
BEN HOLIDAY DoRcY. corporal. Battery g. eth
CLARK d. DUDLEY. sergeant, Battery ~ 9th Ar'ii-
Iery. ssH
THOMAS A. Wears, quartermaster sergeant 'ons1'v
a. 2fst Infantry 9t7
CHARLES l.. MKAIN. sergeant Battery r. fn Ari-
lery. o2.+S
JAMES d. REAMs. corporal Company D. Battalion -
Rineers. 81
ANDREW J; DouGHERrY. sergeant. Troop r. ID cav
airy, 91.03.
GEORGE f. STEWART private. Battery A. 9Th Artillery
9012
JOEL r. LEE. hospital steward. zoos.
ALDEN c. KNOWLES. corporal. Company = 18th IN
fantry. 9.l4
ERNEST NJ REEVE. sergeant. Troop A. s,h Cavalry.
oLIN r. BOOTH. private general recruiting ~v'oss
$3.50
HENRY A HANIGAN. corporal Troop q. sth cavaiV'
uIAIMAR ERICKSON FIRST sergeant Troop NJ. 9Th Cav
airy
The standing OF the two men from the SIN cav
the Philippines are yet TO be heard from
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-04-12
DEATH OF THE FORMER PREMIER.

DEATH OF THE FORMER fhhMlhr"
Bucharest April u.-Lascar Catargi the distn-
g,lished Rumanian statesman and former IRE
nnier died to-day. He seventy-si years od'
When the Danubian prtncipaties Wallachia ana
Moldavia formed a definite union under the name
Rumania and were acknowledged by the Porte IN
1861 NJ Catard took active part In concentrating
the new nationality. Born in Moldava. in Novem-
ber 1923 he had supplied by sheer force of indus
try and energy the great deficiencies Of his early
education Prior to the establishment OF the new
State he had served project OF various as
tricts particularly the districts OF Jassy ana
Galatz but after the action of Prince Couza against
the aristocrats he took leading part in the
conspiracy whfch brought about the aDdcatlon
of that aspirant to the Rumanian throne. In fep,
ruary, 1866 he became member OF the provisional
Government in the interregnum. which came 10
an end with the election of Prince Charles OF
Hohenzoern in May of that year.
In 1871 he charged with the formation OF a
Conservative Ministry, which remained In power
five years and which only retired In 1876, owing 10
the demands of the Senate, which wished 10 IN
volve Rumana in the war then pending between
Russia and Turkey Co.,. -
NJ Catargi, however, continued In the Senate as
the chief of the Conservative Opposition until April
net In which he took the portfolio OF the Interior
This Ministry lasted only a few months Dut IN
December 1891. he formed third Cabinet. which
after reconstruction, held power until November
1891 when IL was s, cceeded by the Liberal Govern
ment of NJ. Demetrio SturdZa.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-04-12
,r,r DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

Washington. April 1.-THE Supreme court TO-DAY
decIared unconstitutional the law providing 'na'
IN the trial of receivers OF goods stolen from ,ne
Government the judgment In the trials Oh ,he pr'",
cpals. where they have been touhu gun, s.,.
-, o,,od ~ evidence that the goods I'm question
.are s,olen the Court holding this contrary to the
VIM Amendment to the Constitution recurring
that accused persons shall be confronted with the
nh Sosjon was handed down by Justice Harlan
IN the case OF Joe Kirby, plaintiff IN error,
against the United States from me Ds,r'C, con-
gress Of March 3 1875. Kirby was found guilty
~ receiving hostage stamps and other properly
OF leoV s he nosoice al Highmore, :. d, IN
1ss; nv three other men who were tried and con-
In his trial the record In the previous case
ves VIZ accented as evidence OF the fact that the
prOperty stolen
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-04-12
HENRY's SECRETARY A SUICIDE.

Paris April I'm Locrmer, who was private
secretary to Lieutenant-Colonei Henry. who commit
ted suicide at Mont Valerien Fortress last August.
after confessng having forged letter largely
instrumental in delaying the Dreyfus case revi-
sion killed himself last evening.
Locrlmier sergeant-major OF artillery. and
had been in -health. After Henrys suicide he
lived at Saint Quentin. in Asne, where he COM
mitted suicide receipt OF telegram summon
ing him to Paris
ST. Quentin France. April 11.-Locrmier had
been suffering from melancholia since he heard
Of the suicide of Lieutenant Colonel Henry In the
Fortress of Mont Valerien, Paris, in August last.
The sergeant-m major was preparing to return to
his regiment on Saturday next. He received q
couple OF letters yesterday and after reading them
he went into stable and nanged himself
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-04-12

COMMITTEE OF SPECIAL AGENTS APPOINTED
BY THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

A COMMITTEE OF SPECIAL AGENTS APPOINTED
BY THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT.
Washington, April 1i.-Wibur F. Wakeman APP
praiser Of Merchandise at New-York. had long
conference with Assistant Secretary Spaulding to-
day In relation to the charges which have been
made against the administration of his office.
Neither General Spauding nor Mr.. Wakeman
would discuss the matter, although it was an
nounced by the former that in view of the charges
1t has been decided to make an investigation into
the workings of the Appraisers Warehouse. The
committee which will conduct the inquiry Is COM
posed OF three special agents George 8. White
head. George w Maher. of the Special Agents d.
vision Treasury Department, and Burton Parker,
of Detroit They were selected because of their
high character. long experience and thorough fa-
marity with customs matters They have the en-
tire confidence of the Secretary and are regarded
as well qualified to perform the duties assigned TO
them. Mr. Parker is expected to arrive here next
Monday. and 1t is thought that the inquiry will
begin on Tuesday
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-04-12
CREDIT EXTENSION IN CUBA.
GENERAL BROOKEs PLAN DISCUSSED AT
THE CABINET MEETING.

THE CABINET MEETING.
Washington, April 1.-THE principal subject
OF discussion at to-day's Cabinet meeting
elaborate plan of credit extensions In Cuba,
which has been presented by General Brooke
and his Cabinet Council The proposed plan Of
mortgage extensions involves payments in in
stalments covering periods OF varying length up
to six years. and is intended to place creditors
beyond the reach OF foreclosure proceedings
until they can. at least to some extent. recoup
their fortunes. 1t is admitted that to authorize
peremptory foreclosure proceedings against all
property covered by mortgages would result in
bankruptcy to a large percentage of the Cuban
property owners and 1t is not the intention OF
this Government to precipitate such a condition
by authorizing creditors TO proceed to foreclose
at once. The plan proposed. however, does not
meet with the approval OF the Attorney General
or the President. but what will be done in the
matter has not yet been decided 1t Is argued
that this Government could not assume to de-
termine when obligations must be met. espe-
cially as the time suggested covers period or
six years. 1t seems likely however. that further
extensions may be granted. and possibly salts
factory plan may be evolved.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-04-12
.STREETCAR STRIKES.
WOMEN SEEK TO PREVENT OPERATION OF '"i''
IN wuEELING-BAY CITY SITUATION QUIET

IN WHEELING-BAY CITY SITUATION 0u'"i
Wheeling. w Va, April 1i.-Aided by the az,
,horties the Wheeling Railway Company succee"ou
tn running a few cars this morning, but at NOON
two riot calls came to headquarters women ar.
small BOYS had held up cars at TWO oi'iei'"'
nlaces The women rushed out and DeRan ar "
smash glass and cause trouble. Inc ppLars are
rosted some of the most active. The sulhei' "
endeavoring to preserve order
Bay City. Mich. April 1.-THE Common Cou".n
having appointed a committee 10 endeavor 10 p',"e
about a settlement OF the street-rah"h' So
Mayor McEwan to-day requested the railway 'o
nanv NOT 10 attempt to run cars fearing that VIZ
fence would ensue The request was comphed a wItt
A conference to-day between the Couhci IN re-
lee the street railway officials anu ,,, no held
suited in nothing. Another conference wiz
later ,,,,. - ahide nv the de-
Both sides appear willing 10 aDide Y ut mend
oision ~ the state Board of Arbitration put Zen
ing that the company refuses TO reenp'o Tron re-
s the strikers while the strikers insist upon is
5nstatement Of all hands The question az Isht OF
he recognition by organized labor OF the rs nion
he company 10 discharge an empoye TOT OF the
w an orrder Interference with operation VI on
o. q" Increasing distractions being placed e o,
he tracks in all directions outside OF the ouS"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-04-12
RAFFEI. IN BERLIN.
HIS VIEWS ON THE SAMOAN QUESTION
PAPERS ADOPT MORE UNCOM-
ppONISING TONE

PAPERS ADOPT A MORE O>COM-
PROMISING TONE.
Berlin. April 11-Dr. Johannes Raffel, the Tor
mer German president Of the Municipal Couhc'i
Of Apia. Samoa. has arrived here and has had
several long conferences with the officials of the
German Foreign Office.
The "L.okalanzeiger" to-day prints an inter-
view with Dr. Rafel in which he is quoted as
saying:
The decision Of Chief Justice Chambers In
favor Of Tanus was partly due to the fact that
Mataafa is a Catholic. while Tanus is prose-
lyte Of the English missionaries.
"Mataafa is the only King the Samoans will
tolerate"
There has been a sudden veering of views
upon the part of both the Minister of Foreign
Affairs Baron Won Bulow, and the Emperor.
Foreign Office official said tonight in ener-
getic language that Germany, before engaging in
an investigation Of the Commissions work, must
insist upon the American and British govern
ments Enthusiastically disavowing the Migrant vio-
latons committed by Admiral kautZ and cap
tain ST rdee. In the absence of a disavowal,
for Germany to join the Commission would be
a mere farce. He added:
When the Commission starts IL must start
on its former ground, and not on a ground
created by the illegal acts Of subordinates in
Samoa"
More energetic still is the semi-official an
nOuncement of the Hamburg Correspondent"
which declares that IF England and America
do not heed the diplomatic remOnstrances made
In London and Washington. these remonstrances
Will be fortified" adding:
Germany insists upon receiving full satisfac-
uon Tor the number OF breaches committed at
Samoa"
Inc tone or the German press in the last two
days has been most bitter
inquiries at the Foreign Office have ELECTED
the statement that nothing Is known of the
alleged BRUSH annexation of the Tonga ISL
iE MT half
taken, as, 1t is said. il would be gross viola
ton OF the Anglo-German agreement of 1856