The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-10-01

10 seHoia"oh VI children were indistinguish-
aoie from native Englishmen To this immirrn-
ton are attributed not only such family nan.
AZ Fleming Hollandcr and Gaunt together Win
numerous Vans which tell their own IT, h',.
also many others less obvious, such ma H,cLm.n
OF Bentinck. and others that refer n IN. -. :, 49,,
weaver and Fuller and Dyer the Plaxmnn ana
whittier. the Blocker and IImner Boaid..
this the immigrants often modified their n.m..
by spelling. as De Witto into Dwight or ,tr,n,,
translated them, as Grocn into Groon Gond,mid
into Goldsmith, Zimmerman into Carpcnt,r q,
koopman into Chapman There Ia thus s,ron,
ground for Mr. Grifiiss assertion that MANY Am,,
leans who boast Of their -unmix cd English noel.
arc descended from Dutch or Flemish anoertor.
who FIRST saw England in the Duke of Alv.,,
limo MI F1ske cannot 500 how Il could DO Other.
visa In tho days Of Charles L a considerable
part Of the rank and flo OF Purtans woro Children
and grandchildren Of Nothoriandcrs and n
those, surely many must have boon included
among the &c, 900 persons who camo 70 Now Enq.
land between 1920 and 1910
~.
II will be remembered that Mr. Dourlas Camp-
bell maintained that We arc mainly indebted n
Holland for our FREQ institutions On peros
l3l-l33 OF his first volume Mr. Fisko points out
how difficult II is 70 reconcile that assertion 10
the facts Tho capacity for selfeoyornment
tho kind Of political training which combines
civil liberty with respect for law, which enable.
every town or village To govern itself while Al
the same time, national unity Ia not impaired
is, doubtless, tho most important pre-roquidto
for success In founding colonies village &C
customed TO manage its own affairs will continue
to do 30 II transported into the wildernoea but
this is far more difficult for a village which has
1uav hARn al 1xv
distant capital. Mr.. Parkman has shown tho
weakness which the lack OF training in solf-eov.
eminent entailed upon New France Now, al
though the Dutch In their European homes wore
hsbituated TO self-govenment they were not
wholly successful In transferring tho habit TO
New Netherlands At first the government
was simply that Of the agent OF q commercial
company. Laws for tho settlers were chiefly
made in the Amsterdam chamber Of tho West
India Company. They waro administered by
Peter Minuit tho Director eneral assisted by
q council Of five members appointed in Amster-
dam. This council united executive with leRis-
laive and judicial powers. II could make local
regulations, subject TO approval or reversal at
Amsterdam. 1t was court for the trial Of civil
and criminal cases, and could inflict fine and
imprisonment but not tho death penalty. Per
SONS convicted Of capital crimes had TO DO sent
koopmnn. who was secretary. and the company's
bookkeeper: and the schout who discharged
the duties Of sheriff and collector Of customs
This very simple government suited for
an infant community, but the people took no part
in IT, 1t was not government Of the people, By
tho people, and for the people: Il was gov
eminent of tho people by the director and coun-
Gil, for the West India Company. The 800 In
habitants Of New Amsterdam In 1923 lived COM
pactly enough to hold town meetings. yet there
was nothing Of tho sort At that Same time tho
800 inhabitants OF Plymouth mado laws for them
selves In q primary assembly, and elected their
Governor; while the 1000 inhabitants OF Viz.
ginia. distributed in dozen communities had
their elected House of Representatives. without
whose consent tho Governor, appointed by tho
Crown, could not raise much as q penny by
taxation. SO far as II goes tho contrast seems
hardly In keeping with the hypothesis that our
froo institutions wore derived not from England,
but from Holland 1t Is true that the English
government In Virginia began with an auto
cratic governor and council. agents Of q COM
mercial company in London, and thus II was
like tho Dutch government In New Netherlands,
but II took Virginia only eleven years to outgrow
such a situation and secure q representative as
eembly. The reader Of Mr.. Fiste's book will
soc that tho case was otherwise In Now Neither
land.
iho same suD'ec' VII DO iouno oscussoo on
pages kSo<.' OF MI r~xes nre' voiume Iho
interesting iaos 10 ieoanea ,hoH III .no memono'
addressed IN ioso oy INC Nino Men OF NOW Am
steiaam 70 VIC o'o'eS eneuai az Aho hague 90
mirauon was e4pdesseo ior inc easy ana spontA.
neous "ay In winch ireo government hoo Sproutoo
upin 'no Enensh ooionies al around 'hem- ihero
were many tninss Oh Wnioh mo Nine Mon oio NOV
approve IN 'heir neiehooiS oi Nen England pu'
they did approve Oh inc 'o"n meeunes ana select
men, inc eiec'ea governors ana .he ifee ieelhauVe
assempiiee' iney oApneeeeu INC WISH 'not NC"
Amsterdam migh nave Similar pn'neGe Oh local
seii-governmenI MI Fske explains why 'hey
had hther'o ioleo 70 enloyH ohaei inc hnuence
OF 'ne ieuoai s'"'en, 'he ohe4eh' hhsnsn 'o"nshp
meeting mao oeen d,nerenua'ed INTO inc open Ves-
try ior eccieeiasocai ana 'he rnahona courts ioi
civil purposes lhe mlgro!ion 70 NOW England
was NANNY movement oi ofsani.eo cnuicnee'
the manor win us courts, was iei' oenlnd. WINE
the open ry'reeuming CIVIL iunc.ions oecamethe
town meeting Inc cnanse was almost automatic
ana unconscious Eaunny s'mp'e was INC eenes's
OF the leg1Sldtur6 Inc representation OF tONna