The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-07-03
VOTES ON SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

| "A nostbod OF depostna metals direct from the ore
! is reported from Germany. The name OF the orIRl'
nator Of this process is not given bit the method
! s.id to have proved successful that number of
ne,.,urotcAi workA are to be equipped for treating
ore according TO the new plan. which, 1t appears
| a mostly Appiica 10 to the refining OF copper
The latter ore Ia mist ground nno, then placed In
| hot solution OF copper chloride in order to dis
| solvo tho coppo-. silver, lead ord nickel. and to
! change the solution 10 cuproutrnorde; by the 90
,on Of lime the ais ,nie bsmuth anthony and iron
are and the solution after being Uttered
| passed into 4 receptacle divided by diaphragm
Here eloctrolytio action occurs-that is the snode
being carbon and the cathode copper the copper OF
| the solution 10 deposited in the cathode CHAMBER
whilo the chlorine act free In the hnode chamber
combines with the solution to form cupric chloride.
| which serves to dissolve more az the copper ore.
There ia no loss Of tho solution the action Ia con-
unuous and II Ia claimed for the process that the
| yield ia fer in excess OF the usual methods.
A series Of experiments in the production OF cali
cium carbide was recently conducted at the Armour
| Institute Chicago by Prof. Freeman An apparatus
of special adaptation for the purpose was employed.
viz huge arc lamp ncloscd in nrebrtok In the In
terror OF furnsce-the uppor eiecro ode was hollow.
! and through IL WINS fod powder composed or 20
per cent OF common lime and 20 per cent. OF coke;
| this powder, being carried through the upper car
bon or electrode directly into the electric hamen
was melted by tho intense hoat. producing light so
brilliant as TO render It to with.
ont protecting the eyes with dark colored glassesi
! all the p,wcr of the electric plant Of the instt.
into was turned into tho electrodes. and calcium
carbide in molten state ran away from the machine.
II y.s estimated that the carbide produced at
cost of half q cent per pound. which 10 imporsnt
indeed chemists and electricians having long been
| At work endeavoring to cheaper the process OF
making calcium carbide, as on this point depends,
OF course the chenpness Of acetylene gas. Accord
ing TO Prof Freeman the great gain indicated In the
| ~. ,tl,,,,o NHOHn
Of carbide-n word. the demonstration That It can
be produced continuously by feeding the ground
lime aud carbon into the furnace
Tho utilization OF powdered coal in the production
of steam 10 being and moro considered. In Its
Advantages by engineers. Tho method now being
resorted to that OF feeding into hopper In front
| Of the furnace coal ground to pass through . CO.
mesh screen. at the bottom of this hopper being
| grating which be agitated say 100 times
| minute. Tho powdered coal drops Of course.
| through the crate into the bend Of air supply
pipe which the furnace at the top Of the fur
mace door as It falls an induced draught carry
ing It into the furnace. which 10 lined with
| hrebrick at o length OF ten feet. and having
two nrcbriek bridges. In this arrangement
there is 10 crate and fro DOORS combustion be-
! ing observed through two small apertures. What
| 10 known tho wegener system has been expert
mented with considerably, tho most important re-
suits showing that the dry, powdered coal evapor-
| ated. from and at 212o, o.12 pounds OF water per
| pound Of dry coal as compared with GA pounds
solid coal fed by hand stocking. It is figured that
grinding costs about 10 per cent Of the rst value.
| Some interesting Improvements In Photographic
| art mentioned in the foreign Journals. Berlin
| house has succeeded. for instance. in manufac-
| turing q Aim. said to be 20 per cent. cheaper
| than plates. popularity of tho nlm being that
| It ia coated with bromide emulsion on paper pro-
viously treated with collodion; after development
| e. 80
| Rlycerine are added to the washing water. the hm
brought In contact with the strengthening support
| well soaked in the water and glycerine.
| after which tho two squeezed into
contact and dried. and then the paper is stripped
off, wing the negative inclosed between two Aims
OF collodion. Mention Is also made Of and re-
| markab]e chronoRraph brought forward in Ger
| many-name and location not given-which must DO
OF peculiar interest to photographers. e1celling 40
| It does. most others. by its power to measure .
"bilonth of a second" and even smaller intervals
of time all Of which lie achieved in simple manner
| the instrument consisting of vibrating tuning
| fork with hole in one prong. through which a ray
Of light IL made to fall strip Of revolving sens
tive paper. this ray leaving Photographic curve on
tho paper from which the interval can be calculated
| by measurement.
In an article contributed by Robert Grimshaw TO
Modern Adehinsry some timely suggestions are
made. Thus, although with the marine guns 90
present IN use the large powder grains are driven
half consumed against all surrounding objects when
shell e1plodes-in this way almost invariably sot-
ting IRE to surrounding woodwork-he Is not pre-
pared to wood abandoned. but suggests instead
| the development OF some composition capable Of
rendering the wood positively hreproof under such
circumstances. without making II attack iron which
is in contact Herewith as some OF the compositions
| 80 highly recommended have done. Further the
exclusive use Of iron for such purpose is dismissed
| by this writer impracticable resort, and the
| &c q wi To pf0
| vent condensation or sweating 10 unsatisfactory,
rs the cork Is not only highly inhammable. but will
generate no1ious gases in burning.
| Much advantage is claimed for tho Lowry COM
press now being adopted by cotton planters. its
uso insurcs entire immunity from injury to the ala
| ment. this being a desideratum Of special impor-
lance. The press is simple, combating of merely .
revolving Handicapped tube with stationary cover
Ing in which there slots permitting the entrance
of the material and below the tube there yield.
| ing platform supporting tho formed bale; the tube
is caused to revolve. and simultaneously, the ma
terial bale is fed onto the slotted covering. The
friction OF the material revolving below the
| ing and past the slots draws in . few hbres, and
these. being entwned with others. draw them in
ALSO and soon the whole mass is engaged and disap-
pearing through the slots In thin bats but at tho rate
Of about two thousand pounds per hour. In short
time tho tube Is nlled with layers Of material form
ing practically round wedges the resistance Of this
wedge TO tho entering OF moro material gives tho
impression required. and is regulated by the degree
OF the taper In tho tube. which Is adjustable.
Another application Of tho ball bearing principle
is to be noted VIZ to the ordinary carpenters
brace and bit. arrangement under the head or
rest. which provides for the easy operation of the
brace no matter what weight may be brought
the head. Further and more essential. the ball
bearing has found Its place in the chuck and in
forms OF braces It has boon there placed in order
that the friction duc to the turning Of the chuck
both in Graspng and loosening may be eliminated.
this feature being considered most valuable ono,
and such as must commend iselt to any user OF the
ordinary brace who has attempted to grip firmly Q
round rod. such twist dill. BY the introduce
ton Of simple adjunct this ball bearing the
advantage ia gained Of full power applied directly
to the gripping jaws. even by the OF the hAu
bearing in the head the full POWER OF the arm 10
utilized in turning the crank in either direction.