Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1899-05-11

SUGAR BEET TROUBLES.

Three FUnEouA DssSascs 81 " utS"
wide Awake Growers should Know.
The remarkable spread of the sugar
beet industry in this country gives gem
eral interest to Investigations pursued
By the Cornell university station into
Three Important Fungous Diseases of
the Sugar Beet (bulletin 1881 Al
ready, according to this report, there
are three - eases in New York state
which should be we'll known to those
interested in beet culture. 1t is well to
know at the start what these troubles
are and to know methods of prevention.
The losses from plant disease are citen
as great CT greater than from neglect OF
proper methods of culture. and as long
as we must grow varieties susceptible
to fungous diseases the grower should
prepare to combat these diseases eff
GENTLY.
These three important fungous dis
eases are root rot leaf spot and beet
root scab Each one is discussed at
length, excellent illustrations of the
fungi and of plants and roots affected
by them are given and remedies are
suggested, making a most valuable
manual for the sugar beet grower who
intends to keep abreast with progress
in every department of this new in
dustry.
AS to the root rot of beets (Rhizocto-
MIA bete kuhn). in discussing remedies,
it is said: The use of lime as possible
preventive for certain rhizoctonial dis
eases has been recommended. The use
of an alkali 3s preventive might be
logically suggested, knowing the avidity
with which the fungus grows on acidu-
lated nutrient media. In general, it
seems that the soils of the state are
usually in need of lining, and where
this beet disease appears it would be
very well to make an application OF
lime. Sixty to 20 bushels of air slaked
lime per acre would be cheap and
effective means of securing the desired
alkalinity. 1t would be preferable to
make this application in the autumn,
or at least before the ground is turned,
so that the lime would be we'll distrib-
uted
Leaf spot of the beet is a disease of
wide distribution and probably occurs
in all regions where beets are grown
even to limited extent. 1t is well
known disease of the red garden beets,
but many of the garden varieties are so
resistant that the disease is not mat
ter of great concern. Professor Duggar,
author of the bulletin, says his observa-
tions in New York state indicate that
it is much more injurious to sugar beets
than TO the red varieties and much dam
age was done by it during the past
year. For this reason it needs to be
brought to the special attention of those
interested in the culture CT sugar beets.
Spraying with bordeaux mixture of
the standard formula, with the same
regularity as has been found necessary
in growing potatoes. is the remedy adj
vised
For the scab which disfigures the sur
face of the beet root with warty irregu-
larities treatment of the seed is not
available, since the seed do not dissent
nate the disease, nor has treatment Of
the land, such as lining or sulphuring,
given satisfactory results The only
course which is pronounced to be open
is that of avoiding any soil for the
growth of beets which during several
years previous has produced scabby
beets
a4,Ro e4a&aou,a Treaxuauf For Cat
Smut.
Hot Water. -Immerse the seed oats
contained in suitable open vessel for
ten minutes at 1873 degrees f. or seven
minutes at 1875 F., or five minutes at
40 degrees or lag degrees F. Empty at
once upon clean floor and dry by stir
ring.
Formalin. Thoroughly saturate a
pile of seed oats with formalin solution
at the rate of a pound of for1nalin to
80 gallons of water (about gallon of
solution to a bushel of grain will be re-
quired) allow the grain to remain in a
pile for two or more hours, then spread
to dry. Or dip the seed oats in the for
malin solution for two hours then dry.
Potassium Sulphide. the seed
oats for "a hours in three-quarter So
lution of potassium sulphide ~ pounds
to % gallons of water); then spread on
clean surface and stir frequently until
dry.
The cost of seed treatment of oats by
the ordinary hot water method need
not exceed 10 cents per bushel treated.
For convenience in the application of
the hot water method it is ordinarily
advisable to have two vessels. one in
which the water is maintained at a
temperature of 1870 to $50 degrees F.,
into which the grain is at first dipped
to warm it, thus making it possible to
maintain more nearly uniform tenn
perature in the heating vessel. and a
second vessel in which the water should
be maintained at the temperature de-
sired. If possible to heat water by
means of steam jet or boiling water
drawn directly from some large supply,
the single vessel will be sufficient, as
the temperature can easily be main
tanned by turning the valve and admit
ting more steam. etc The introduction
of mass CT cold grain will cause
sharp fall OF the temperature of the
water. Open gunny bags, wire mesh
vessels or open baskets provided with
suitable cover may be advantageously
used in the treatment of seed grain by
this method. 1t is advisable, by plung-
ing, twirling or otherwise stirring the
= - II
the grain to same temperature imme-
diately after its introduction.
The Stone. Paragon. Ten Ton. Cum
berland Red and Livingston Perfection
are varieties of. tomatoes grown with
profit for canneries
MEN OF MARK.