The Advocate and news., 1899-02-22

Quently a more rapid and permanent de-
velOpment in the progress Of the world.
ENGLAND'S OCCUPATION OF THE PHIL
lPPINEs.
Not many people know that Great
Britain at one time occupied a position In
regard to the Philippine Islands similar
to that in which the United States is
placed at present. This occurred, how
ever, little over a century and quarter
ago, but with different results than will
probably come from occupation by the
United States. How 1t happened is told
in the interesting and valuable book on
the Philippines written by Professor
Dean G. Worcester which has established
him as an authority on matters relating
to our far eastern problem.
Professor Worcester, who is now
member of the Philippine commission,
tells the story in this way:
In 1861 war was declared by Great Brit
ain against France and Spain. Havana was
captured by the British, and fleet was DIS
patched under Admiral Cornish, with orders
10 take Manila. On the 22d OF September,
1862, this fleet arrived before the doomed
city, and land forces were disembarked un-
der command Of General Draper. The sur
render Of the place was demanded and re-
fused whereupon Draper bOmbarded 1t. The
Spanish garrison was inferior to the Eng
lish force In numbers, but made a stout re-
slstance and 1000 native recruits came to
It's support. Two thousand picked men
were ordered to attack the British position
In three columns. They were utterly routed
and fled In disorder to their homes. The
city finally fell. Terms Of capituatlon
were drawn up by Draper and the Arch
bishop Of Manila, who, in the absence OF a
gOVernOr-general, was serving in double
capacity. The agreement called Tor tree-
dom In the exercise OF religion; security or
private property; free trade for all the In
habitants OF the islands; and the contin-
uance of the powers of the supreme court,
for the maintenance of order The Span
ish were to pay an indemnity Of &,WOOOO.
What followed would not, at the present
day, be considered greatly to the credit Of
the cOmmander-in-chef. Draper placed
guards at the doors Of the nunneries and
converts, and then gave the city over for
pillage during three hours The English
troopers are said to have shown mOdera-
tiOn, but the Sepoys, of whom Draper had
some 2,200 outraged women, and robbed
and murdered the inhabitants in the very
streets. On the following day there was a
similar scene, whereupOn the archbishop
protested, and Draper restored order.
The surrendered territory included the
whole archipelago, but the English were
not destined to occupy more than that part
of 1t which lay Immediately around Ma
nila. The garrison at Cavite capitulated,
and at one time 1t was planned to send a
force to Zamboanga in Mndanao, and es-
tahllsh a government there, but nothing
came OF this project.
at Manila. The day before the city fell,
one of the justices OF the supreme court,
Simon de Anda, by name, escaped in a ma
tive boat, taking refuge In the province OF
government stamped paper, and proceeded
to declare himself governor-general. He
bOmbarded Manila with lengthy proclama-
tions, and the British council Ceplied re-
piled by declaring him to be "a seditlOus
person, and deserving of capital punish
ment."
Anda raised troops, and desultory fight
ing ensued between his force and the Brit
lsh without any decisive results.
| A conspiracy to assassinate Anda and his
Spanish followers was discovered among
the Chinese In Panpanga province, and a
massacre OF the Mongols followed. Anda
was so enraged with them that he issued
a proclamation declaring them all traitors
and ordered them hanged wherever found
Thousands, who had been in no way con-
cerned In the conspiracy, are said to have
| been executed.
The war indemnity which had been agreed
upon was not forthcoming. The British
forces were harassed by attacks from with
out the city, and by fear Of treachery
within, and at last the officers fell to quar-
reling among themselves.
| Meanwhile the war had come to an end In
Europe, and the evacuation OF Manila had
been provided for by the terms of the peace
of Paris, concluded on the 10th OF Fehru-
ary 1863 A communication to this effect
was given to the archbishop for the com
mander-in-chief' of the Spanish forces
but Anda, maintaining that he should have
| al AVNko olv,a
to receive IT, and the war really continued
until the archbishop died on January 30
| 1854
| The British now recognized Anda as gov
! the honor, and Quarrels snsued between