The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-04-11
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in Chicago during the present week.
Finland as a freed land would seem to be
doomed The acts of SUPPRESSION and tyran-
| ny of which the Russian government Is
guilty cannot be acts of passion or i'm
| pulse. Nor are they chargable to an i'm
petuously conceived polity. No new poll
| teal expediency is to blame for the extra
| ordinary conduct of theRussian War min
| istry in the premisis. By comparison, the
| Turks in MS dealings of state will become
a shining example of honor. fairness, and
| liberality, If the Russians persist in their
present plan of Outstanding Finland.
Finland was originally named Suomi
(meaning swampy region), the Swedish
translation Of which was Fenland or Fin
| land 1t is gradually rising from the sea
at the rate of about three and four-teenths
feet on the Gulf of Bothnia and one and
nine-teenths feet on the Gulf of Finland
every hundred years. The Fins, it is well
determined, are of the Tarter-Mongollan
extraction. and, nj ed they hive been
they have been traced by a distinguished
French ethnologist TO a common origin
with the red Indian who populated the
American continent. That they are MS
| toric race no authority seems to doubt.
! One of their five groups is the Magyar or
Hungary Originally they were hunters
| and fishermen and lived like nomands, re-
| ceding from the civilization Of time so
! ancient we know nothing about it. Their
flight from Persia to the land of the mid
night sun.
Physically they are strong and hardy
oil
head, low forehead, fat features, proml-
nent cheek bones, eyes mostly gray and
| oblique, inclining inwards), short and nat
nose protruding mouth, thick lips, neck
| full and strong, so that the occiput seems
| fat and in almost a straight line with the
nape, hair no doubt originally black, but
| owing to mixture with other races now
| brown, red, and even fair, Their COM
/ plexion is somewhat brown. Many or
their characteristics, it is noted, are those
| Of the Monaghan race, and in points re-
! semble those of the American Indian, who
! has been developed by American civiliza-
| ton.
The Films are supposed to have taken
possession of their present country in the
seventh century. They lived at that time
in seperate communities and villages in
dependent Of each other. Their mythology
consisted in the dedication Of the forces
of nature King Eric TX. of Sweden in
vadedI their country in 115z He conquer
ed and baptized them as Catholics. He
left with them a Bishop, who was killed.
and then replaced by another, VINO came
nearly succeeding detaching Finland and
forming it into a province subject only to
the Pope Continuous wars between Rus
STA and Sweden were the result of the
conquest of Finland by the latter
In 1928 Gustavus Vasa introduced the re-
formed religion into F'Finland. His pre-
| decessor having created an order of no.
bility, Gustavus Adolphus, in the begin
ming of the seventeenth century, establish
ed the Deit of Finland, composed of the
four orders of the nobility, clergy, burgh-
ers. and peasants. Gustavus and his sue
cessor did much for FINLAND by founding
schools and gymnasiums, building church.
es. encouraging learning, and introducing
printing.
The constitution of Finland, however,
was conceded, by Gustavus Ill, between
the years of 1772-17S9. When Gustavus re-
turned from France, where he had been
educated during the period of the revolu-
tionary propaganda, he found the kign-
dom he had inherited dominated by the
nobility similar condition existed
among the people of Finland, then Swedish
territory. Having imbibed many of the
doctrines of the revolutionists of France
and believing that he could only maintain
his sovereignty through the loyalty of the
people, he modified the privileges of the
mobiles throughout his empire, and the case
Of Finland, where the mobiles refused TO
join him in war against Russia because
the Estates had not sanctioned his de-
claration he leveed or nearly extermin-
ated them The Firms thereby gained a
great deal of ground in their steady and
resolute fight for independence. As the re-
suit Of the subsistence Of Swedish power
and the continued aggressions of Russia
tn Films, in 1909, accepted member
ship in the Russian empire, under a So
Tenn compact of union entered into by the
Car Alexander I. This is a translation
of the Cars decree. signed by every sue
cessor of the imperial throne:
Providence having placed us in posses
sion of the Grand Duchy of Finland, we
have desired, by the present act, to con-
firm and ratify the religion and fundamen-
tai laws Of the land, as well as the priv
leges and rights which each class in the
said Grand Duchy in particular. and all
the inhabitants in general, be their posi-
ton high or low, have hitherto enjoyed
according to the constitution. We promise
to maintain all these benefits and laws
firm, md 1,ol -ar, in F,af,r FrrH
Two days later a solemn audience held
in the cathedral, the Car received the
homage OF the Estates as Grand Duke of
FINLAND. The Estates took the oath Of
fealty to the new sovereign, and affirmed
at the same time the inyiOlability Of the
constitution; the Emperor's declaration
was read aloud, the document was deliv-
cred into the custody of the Marshal OF
the House Of Mobiles; after which a herald
of noble birth stood before the throne and
proclaimed: ''Vive AlexandreI.. Emperor
de t0uJes les RuSsies ct Grand Due De
Finlande.' C'Eperor Of all the Russias
and Grand Duke OF Finland.'D
The ceremony concluder with a speech
from the Emperor, in the French langu-
age bearing witness 10 the sentiment with
which he had received the homage and
oath OF the Century's representatives and
testfyins that j, was an act Of union that
had just been effected.
The Emperor and Grand Duke submitted
10 the Diet propositions on the four fol-
lowing questions;
/ The organization Of the government
Of ne land Of the institution OF a STATE
Council