The Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.) 1829-current, 1899-11-16
ACHE
CARTER MEDICINE CO., New York.
Small PHI, Small Dose, Small Price,
The 'loaern cargo-Iramp Steamer.


1t is not unusual 20 see steamers setting
out upon a passage across the North
AT lantic, during the winter months, in
such light trim. that only a little more
than half the screw propeller is in the
water. Even when snch contrary weather
aud seas as may be called rough are en-
countered By them in this lm, they soon
become unmanageabe: and even in the
comparatively smooth waters OF the
Mediterranean they frequently cannot be
made TO face the Wind aud sea. In gales
such as are to be expected ia the Atlantic
during winter, life eli board nttHese ships
is nothing short OF jntoierab.e. As the
vessel 5 stern is alternately raised and de
pressed while she pitches 2yaI the seas,
the propeller is sometimes iu the water
and sometimes out vi il. Not being re-
tarded ia ifs rotary movement 10y the re
sistance OF the water, it becomes. when IN
tile latter position a wind mill revolving
for a few seconds al The TH-e OF perhaps
three hundred or more revolutions per
minute instead of at its normal speed of
about sixty or seventy. While flying
round at this terrific rate. II is suddenly
plunged into the water as thew ssel' ssteru
becomes immersed. Owing e. the severe
and varying strains thus exeIted upon the
machinery. and especi lily upon tue shaft,
this racing OF the pl0peller is, without
doubt, the direct cause Of the majority OF
cases of machinery break down at sea.
/ The Earring and vibration caused by it
loosen the rivets and plates in the stern;
and there are numerous cases on record in
which this most serious of all defects has
necessitated the cutting out ami re rivet-
ing OF many plates aft
1t must be remembered that fully a half
vi the jouIneyings of the modern cargo
tramp must be made in ballast The out
ward freights from European countries
are small when cOmpal ed with those sent
thither from o her lands, and, moreover,
the various regular liners, as a rule
secure all the European export trade.
The cargo steamer, consequently, spends
good deal of her time in going about be-
tween different places empty, or nearly
50. During these freightless voyagings
their water ballast space viii be filled and
they will on starting from Europe,
probably have on board sufficient fuel to
last them out and back. This coal Will,
of course, be placed as near as possible to
the boilers, which are located in the centre
of the ship. On the outward run by far
the greater portion Of The weight engines,
boilers, and fuel-is thus placed amid
/ SHIPS; anu lulS tlSPosdlf Cpiuu lutQ Will
the pitching and pounding already DIES
cTibed, las a tendency to depress the
middle of the hull and to exert upon it a
series of strains exactly the reverse OF
those imposed When the vessel is loaded
for the return passage to Europe. Several
cases are known III which the plating Of
cargo steamers has been ST. tried by these
alternating strains as to crack it half
way between the centre and the ends OF
the ship.
Another characteristic of these craft,
while in iighr or ballast trim, is their
rapid and violent rolling, which again con
tributes to the severe stralning Of the
hull. This rolling is due to the abnormal
ly low centre of gravity; the ballast be-
ing almost entirely at the bottom OF the
vessel. Apart from the injury caused to
the hull by this stIaining influence, and
the detriment to the vessels speed, the
rolling motion is probably the most trying
of the many Inconvenience which the
Before the laws of wave oscillation were
formulated, it was not nearly so common