davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-12-22
Mr.. GAGE HINTS.
he Nay Offer to Buy More Bond
Higher Price

he Ray Offer to Buy More Bonds at
a Higher Price
New York, Dec. ga dispatch to the
Times from Washington, d. c.. quotes
Secretary Gage as saying:
The treasury has endeaVOred to re-
Heve money stringency in the only
way that it could do so Iegitimately. By
offers to purchase bonds. to anticipate
interest due without and with rebate,
and to go without the income to be de-
rived from fnteranl revenue. so that the
money could become available through
the depOsitaries, it has done what it
seemed proper to do. Since it offered
TO take up S25, 600 900 of bonds, the
prices of bonds have advanced, and they
mold their price, while many stocks have
fallen many points on the market Some
or the bonds now on the quoted list
would be worth to purchasers less than
z per cent at the price made. OF the
SzosOO0,O0O Of bonds the treasury offered
70 buy, but $50, 600 600 have been offered
The offer is still standing We may
get the other S5,00O,00O or $6, OOO 600. Al
together there will be released from
treasury control and made available
TOT Immediate use. at various points as
the treasury could not discriminate in
FAVOR of one city increasing its deposits
IN banks, about S36, 00O, 900. AS I have
SAID, the prices of bonds have advanced.
Ihey are now beyond the price at
winch the treasury offered to buy them
How much should the treasury offer TO
pay? And when it has offered to paw
a price, Will that price be advanced
again? That seems to be matter
worthy OF careful consideration %
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-12-22
is CRIMINAL WAR.
British Subjects Denounce England's
Transvaal Course

New York, Dec. ga special to the
World from Ottawa, says:
The outspOken sympathy among
French Canadians for the Dutch peO-
pie of South Africa in their present
struggle for liberty and Independence
is not confined to the leading men in
the liberal party of Quebec.
OF the prominent French cOnserva-
tiVes known to be BOer sympathizers,
the most recent to publicly declare
himself is the famous orator and poll
tician, Charles Thebault, of Waterloo,
Quebec Speaking last night at a joint
political meeting in SherbroOke county.
he said:
The war against the Beers is a Grim
inal war, and I warn Canadians against
giving any support to Britain.
Il blame Laurier strongly for sup
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-12-22
LUCKY ABILENE PASTOR.
Harriet @. BalIou Leaves Will Out
ting OF Heirs.

Omaha, Neb., Dec. 22.-Some time ago
Harriet c. BaIlou died, leaving an estate
there was no will, and an administrator
was appointed, who has been at work
settling upon the estate. The legal
heirs are William Crouch, a brother
Sarah Petit and Sophia Hodson, sisters,
living in New York. Now a will has
just been discovered and filed in the
county court. By the terms of the
els S. Blaney of Abilene, Kan, formerly
Of this city, and at one time president
of Bellevue college. If the viii is not
broken the heirs by affinity will get
nothing. 1t is not yet known whether
or not the viii win be contested.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-12-22
SANTA FE LOCALS

William Hoeck. of the roundhouse ac-
cOmpanied by Mrs Hoeck. left today
for MarshalltOwn, Iowa. to spend the
holidays with Mr. Hoeck's parents.
A. +. Smith, of the paint shop. and
family left Thursday for FIT Madison.
They viii be gone several days
Frank Israel, Of the machine shop.
and Miss Nellie Dustin are TO be mar
ried Christmas.
Engine No. 1S1. of the St. Joe passeu-
ger run, is in the shops for general
overhauling-
ones from the Baldwin Locomotive
works, arrived today and are being set
up at the shops.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-12-22
10 Extirpate Mormons.

Charleston, S. c., Dec 22-Mormon
elders have established a church at
which eight Mormon elders are at work
near Ridgeland. The state legislature
has been asked by the people of Hamp-
ton county to work for a law to ex-
drpate the elders and the petitioners
say that prompt legislation may save
them from having the mob violence
that some sister states have lately had
IN trying to rid Themselves OF this sect
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-12-22
IN THE SILENT CITY.
Gen. Lawton's Body Was Laid to
Rest Today.

Manila, Dec 22.-12:3O D. m.-General
LaWtOn's remains were placed in the
chapel in the PacO cemetery this morn
ing Private services were held at the
residence and the body was carried to
cemetery by members of the generals
STAFF and escorted by Troop [ of the
Fourth cavalry. Public services will be
held later
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-12-22
GOLD GOING TOMORROW.
Amount Already En- gagged For Elk
port Is So, $4,000.

New York, Dec. 22.-Mueller, Scha1 &
Co, will ship s625. 900 gold for Europe to-
morrow. This amount may be increas-
ed.
The following additional shipments
of gold are announced by tomorrow ;
steamers:
Barring, Magoun & Co.. $1.8 1000;
Heidelberg, Ickelheimer & Co, $780,,
600. L Won Hoffman & Co, $500, 900.
Total thus far announced for tomor-
row So Us 900.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-12-22
IRONQUILL 10 cent cigars.
Churchill Is Fra

London, Dec. 22.-Lady Randolph
Churchill has received a cable dispatch
from her son, Winston Churchill, who
was captured by the Beers in Natal
and taken to Pretoria, and whose es-
cape from there was announced Deem
Der IA, saying he had arrived safely at
Delagoa Bay.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-12-22
HOLIDAY RATES


Via "The Rock Island Routs1
One fare for the round trip west of
Missouri river. One and one-third fare
east of Missouri river. Tickets on sale
December q TO %; also December go to
January 1st. final return limit January
End, 1900. For fun Information see A
n Fuller, City Passenger Agent
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-12-22

IRONQUILL 10 cent Cigars.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-12-22

,is'' viii be the bill of the Chase
lpany at Crawford theater to-
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30

''Your pies are not like the"
''Kind your mother n.adeT
"No dear The kind | have been
getting in the restaurants since you
went away,,-Cleaveland Plain Deal
er.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30

is present, IOr IL Is especially ViluaDlc
to know the relative quantity OF salt
at different depths, whether it be be-
fore or after damage has been done by
it's appearance at the surface.
Relation of Soil Conditions to the De-
velopment of Plants.-It will be we'll
to refer briefly to a line of work which
is being developed to round out the
series of soil Investigations. 1t is a
well-known fact, upon which these in
vestigatiOnS are based, that differences
in soils and soil conditions affect the
| physiology of plants, so that different
types and grades of the same variety
may be maintained on adjacent soils.
The investigation of the soil cOndi-
tons is merely a study of the causes
which produce these differences in the
development of plants. The actual
growth and character of the plant it.
self, however, is the measure of the
practical value of the soil conditions,
and soil Investigations are incomplete
without using this as measure to in
terpret the results of the investiga.
tons.
A tobacco plant grown upon a GER
tain soil will produce cigar-wrapper
| leaf. If grown upon another soil. per
haps adjacent to it, different type
of tobacco is produced, suitable only
for some of the foreign markets. If
grown upon third soil, the tobacco
may be unfit for any use, or OF such
common type that it is not worth
the cost of production. We may in
vestigate and explain the conditions in
| the soils which determine The charac
tor Of TIE crop bu; if it is desired to
change the conditions i'll any of these
soils, in order to improve the quality
OF the tobacco, it is necessary to I'M
derstand the influence of slight
| changes in the soil conditions npon the
character of the leaf.
What is the character of q tobacco
leaf which adapts it for U.s. as cigar
wrapper? What is the difference be-
tween such a leaf and one adapted on
~ to pipe smoking or fOr the export
market? Dealers recO) gniZe these diff
ferences readily by handling the leaf,
hut the physiological differences have
never been worked out. It is neces-
sary in the first place to understand
the physiological characters which de-
termine the commercial value of the
leaf If these standards are establish
ed as a basis for the comparison of the
crop grown on any particular soil and
the influence of changing soil cOndi-
tons on the physiology of the plant is
worked out, more intelligent methods
of improving the character of the crop
can be reached than can possibly be
used at the present time. Therefore,
soil Investigations should always be
interpreted by the physiological cOndi-
ton of the plant grown upon the land,
and the value of any change in the
soil conditions by methods of cultiva-
ton, fertilization, or irrigation should
be measured by the effect upon the
quality and other commercial proper
ties Of the class of crops adapted to
that kind of soil. 1t is difficult work,
and it is essentially a new line OF
fou 1xyI,;Io tho inHnonoo Of onui.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30

greenhouse, for 1T is frequently pOSSi-
BILE, through methods of cultivation or
of irrigation, to check the too rapid
Transportation of the moisture from the
soil.
Excessive Use of Water by Irrigation
Injurious.--The lines of drought and
excessive water content of several
types of soil have been established as
a result of the moisture determinations
Of the past three years. Where these
lines are established for any soil and
for any crop a farmer should use all
possible means at his disposal to pre-
vent change in the moisture condi-
ton of his soil greater than is shown
to be safe by the record of normal va
ration. Where irrigation is possible,
either in the West or in the East, the
application of water should be SO
made as to prevent the water con-
tent from approaching, or from falling
below, the line Of drought.
This method of moisture determina-
ton is particularly APPLICABLE where ir-
rigation is practiced. If the normal
water content of a soil is known and
the variation which may occur with
out injury to the plant, it will give a
basis for the intelligent application of
water. In the present empiric0 meth
cd of irrigation there is a tendency to
use entirely too much water, and great
damage is being done in many parts
of the extreme West by the excessive
use of water. Indeed, in many parts
of the irrigated districts of the West
there is as great a necessity now for
undertakings as there formerly was
for irrigation. In several of the older
regions of California irrigation is no
longer necessary, and with orlv eight
or nine inches of annual rainfall, Oc-
curing during the winter months,
Sucl quantities of water have been
added to the soil that wells can be
dug throughout the district and stand
ing water found at depths from two
to six feet. No irrigation is necessary
except that the main canals be allow
ed to run throughout the season. IL
these canals are even a mile apart,
they are believed to furnish the water
needed for the entire section, and it is
the general opinion that if they are
not allowed TO RIM the crop would Suf-
fer. 1t seems incredible that the lat
eral movement of water in these soils
should be sufficient to maintain the
supply for a distance of half a mile
on either side of the canal, but sucn
appears to be the fact.
In some of these older irrigated dis
tricts in California and in Utah con-
siderable areas of land have been
abandoned or have been already reduc-
ed in value ON account of the eXces-
sive wetness of the soil and the i'm
possibility of producing any OF the
staple crops under such unfavorable
conditions.
Another objection to the excessive
use of water in the irrigation of soils
of the arid regions is the danger from
alkali Excessive quantities of see
page water in moving through the soil
carry along the soluble salts which
have accumulated through the disin-
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30
Soils and Moisture.

of Agriculture the question of mois-
ture in soils is treated eXhaustively.
From the carefully prepared report we
extract the following:
Determination Of Moisture by the
Electrical MethOd.-The electrical
method of moisture determination, de-
scribed in Bulletin No. g. has given
very great satisfaction during the past
season. Fourteen sets of instruments
with an aggregate of fifty eight sets
of electrodes were placed in the hands
of farmers in different sections Of the
country for use in very different types
of soil.
In this method set of electrodes is
buried at any depth in the soil, and
an alternating electric current is sent
through the soil from one electrode to
the other A temperature cell is mount
ed between the electrodes and so con-
nected as to compensate for the effect
of temperature upon the electrical re-
sistance of the soil. Each electrOde
has to be standardized by determining
accurately the amount of moisture in
the soil at any particular time and tax
ing the resistance carefully. The re-
sistance will subsequently vary ac
cofding to the square of the water
content, and very simple calculation
will give the water content for any
particular resistance of that eiectrode.
AS this same relation holds throughout
the season, card can easily be con.
structed showing exactly the amount
Of moisture for any resistance of the
electrOde.
This form OF instrument can be very
conveniently used in the field. Where
the electrodes are to be buried at a
considerable depth they are inserted
in anger holes in order chat the sub
soil shall not be disturbed from it's
original condition. The anger hole is
subsequently filled with melted pitch.
Lead-covered cables are Attached to
these electrodes and are carried I'M
GcfSfOuuu dS LII DIS HcCcSSfly nHNl
brought up into a measuring box. The
cable is buried at sufficient depth SO
that the ordinary operations of ploW-
ing and cultivation can be carried OH
without any disturbance of the appar-
atus.
In the case of electrodes at depth
of less than six inches they are buried
in the same way that a plant is set out
the cables connecting them, running
underground, as in the case Of deeply
buried electrodes. With these shallow
electrodes a little stick must Indicate
their position, and cultivation around
them must be carefully done, as in the
case of handling tender plant. They
can conveniently be put in the row
with plants, or near an ndlVldual
plant. if the field is set out in MUS.
This apparatus as at present used Is
rather complicated and expensive for
the individual farmer to use in his
field. However, a much simpler form
of instrument is being devised which
will cost but little and which can be
easily installed.
AS before stated, continuous records
of the moisture conditions in the most
important soil formations should be
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-08-30

Not only does this affect crops OF the
person who applies the water, but the
main trouble being from seepage wa
ter the injudiciOus methods used by
one person may damage a neighbOr
some distance away who is on IL low
err level and in the path of the flow Of
the seepage water. The remedy for
this is through the judicious and
economic use of water. 1t is safe to
say that two or three times the area
of land now being irrigated could be
so thoroughly watered with the guam
| tity of water at present being used,
without any detriment whatever to
the existing fields. On the contrary,
decidedly better and surer crops could
be grown through the smaller applica-
ton and more judicious use of the wa,
| ter. A convenient method of moisture
determination, such as the electrical
method described if used as basis
for the APPLICATION of water tot the soil,
would be the means not only of con-
serving the water so that larger areas
could be irrigated, but where it was
| used irrigation could be carried Oh
much more intelligently, to the great
benefit of the crop and the cOnserva-
ton of the fertility of the soil.
| This investigation of the control of
the soil moisture and the conservation
of the rainfall, together with TIE apph-
cation of water through the method OF
| irrigation, is of vital interest to the
| farmer in the West; and as cOmpetl-
| ton is growing stronger he feels the
need of all the light that can be
thrown upon the subject, and is ready
to use any means which may be plac>
ed at his disposal for the control or
soil conditions.
Salt Determination i'll the Soils.-The
electrical method, upon which the
moisture determination is DaSed, can
also be used under proper conditions
for the determination of the relative
salt content of soils. This is matter
of comparatively slight Importance to
the farmers in the East, but OF the
greatest Importance in the arid regions
of the West.
The salt determination consists OF
taking a sample of the soil at the
proper depth, mixing it with known
uuantitv of water, packing it in cell
with parallel metal electrodes scparat-
ed by insulating walls Of hard rdbber
sending an alternating electric current
through the soil and measuring it's re-
sistance, at the same time observing
the Temperature An equal Quantity
of the soil is then mixed with SINH
lar volume of liquid containing
known quantity of pure salt. The
effect of the salt added will be TIC low
or the resistance. From the quantity
of salt added and the effect it has IN
lowering the resistance the amount or
salt originally present in the soil can
he estimated in terms of the kind OF
salt used. This determination can be
very easily and quickly made.
The method is exceedingly sensitive,
and where salts of the same kind are
present it is exceedingly accurate.
Where mixtures of salts occur, 1T is
not so accurate, and especially where
or N Or
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1899-01-30
WILL CAUSE A CRISIS
The Dreyfus Agitation Again at
Fever Heat.
THE SENATE WILL AGREE
The Motion to Bring the Case Before the
United Sections OF the Court of
Cessation Shows the Gov
ernments Weakness.

Paris, Jan. 29.-The Governments de-
cision to submit to the chamber of dep
utes tomorrow a bill providing that
the cases of trial revision shall be
brought before the united sections OF
the court of cessation has reopened the
flood gates of the Dreyfus agitation.
The situation appears more confusing
and menacing than ever. For days the
anti-Dreyfustes have been clamorins
to have the case referred to the united
sections because they have considered
it certain that among more than 80
they could rely upon an antl-Dreyfuste
majority.
In to-day's Echo de Paris NJ. Quesnay
de Beaurepaire, who on Jan. 8, resigned
the presidency of the civil section of the
court of cessation as a protest against
the way in which the criminal section
under the presidency of M. Loew was
conducting the DreyGls proceedings,
again justties his action in a screaming
screed and asserts that the ministers
hold a decisive document, while NM.
Copee and Jules LeMaitre have signed
manifesto on behalf of the organiza
tion known as La Patrie Francois.
claiming credit for urging the govern
declaring that if the Dreyfus affair be
once submitted to this truly supreme
tribunal it will receive such solution
as will insure the countrys repose.
NJ. Loew, president of the criminal
chamber. who was asked his opinion
regarding the government proposal,
said: L am glad to be relieved of the
responsibility, but the governments
action is revolutionary"
The antirevisionist papers are jubi-
lant but the most serious and impartial
journals deprecate the governments
weakness. In all political centers to-
day there has been unusual excitement
and activity. 1t is thought in some
quarters that the senate will refuse to
accept the bill, thus producing consti-
tutional crisis
The disturbance at the Nouveau the
ater last Friday evening, when, at the
conclusion of the performance of the
play, THE King of Romg." the Bona
partists in the house hoisted tri-color
flag, surmounted by an imperial eagle.
and shouted, "Vive la empereur." was
very significant of the attitude the i'm
perialists take in the circumstances
From stalls to gallery 800 Bonapart-
lists crowded the theater. Prince Murat
and all the titled and prominent repro
sentatives of the party We're present.
drama, which is a glorification of the
Napoleonic legend, We're greeted with
thunders of applause.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1899-01-30
THEY ARE HUMlLIATED.
Ringing Denunciation of the FERTILITY by
Fiathead Republicans.

Fiathead Republicans.
Special Dispatch to the Standard.
kalispell, Jan. 29.-Since the receipt
OF correct news of the voting of repub-
llcans in the senatorial contest, the re-
publican politicians of Flathead county
have been considerably startled. Never
in the brief history of this young coun-
ty has anything taken place that puts
so much shame upon US. In the first
place, the republicans in the legislature
from this county made their canvass
upon the proposition of voting for none
other than republican for United
States senator They accepted their
nomination, pledging themselves to
vote for republican only for any office.
The campaign they and their now hu-
INFLATED friends made was upon the
pureness of the same degraded and trail
torous beings who answer the roll ca IL
In the legislature as republican men,
bers from Flathead..
A prominent republican said to-day:
Our new senator, Geiger, in making
his acceptance speech in the repubii-
can convention, said he had seen in the
early history of Montana large sums of
money piled up like so much cord wood
in the legislative halls or rooms adjoin-
ing them. which was used for corrup-
tion and bribery; that if he was elected,
nothing on this earth could make him
vote for democrat, nor could any
amount of money tempt him to be-
tray his party. He said that if he vot-
ed for a democrat his republican con-
stituents could hang him upon his re-
turn home. What a liar he has proven
himself to be. Hanging is and would
be none too just for such arch traitors.
Hold them up to public gaze, the sneaks
under the guise of republicans, VINO
have betrayed the trust and confidence
placed III them by their friends at home
We say Geiger, Bywater and Jacquath,
you are traitors and degraders of your
constituency. Will you dare come back
here and bear the stencil attached not
only to yourselves, but the disgrace
upon your wives and children? Certain
ly Flathead county is the core of rot
ten Montana. Look at Carr. Another
picture of moral depravity We say
look at all four. Geiger, the pure, with
the emphasis on the pure Bywater, the
pure, and Jacqueth, the doubtful, with
Carr, the lonely, should have their
names and photographs flung to the
four winds of the earth that all decent
and respectable people may know them
wherever they may go. They should
be branded as traitors on the face, that
all may know them. The stencil of sew
er will be purer than the Rocky Noun
tain air as compared to these foul trail
tors hereafter in this part of Montana.
Those who not only betray their party,
their pledges, but betrayed others
whom they induced to vote for them.
Sentiment here as to Whiteside has
turned completely, and those who were
in doubt as to his course and actions,
are now praising them, hoping that lie
will find some one who will help his
cause along and that he may yet bring
to the bar of justice all those bribe-
o.
and fearlessly denounced. The prayer
of all people here is God help Montana
from such arch traitors and Grim
inalS."