davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1899-11-20
BCLLERS PLANS CHANGED.
Nothing knows Of tho New Frog ramm
to ee Followed.

Nothing Knows Of tho New Frog ra mme
to Es Followed.
LONDON, Nov. 90. The absence OF
news Of any serious movement against
Ladysmith seems 10 show that the
Beers are repeating the strategy adopted
by them at Dundee. when they ap-
peared in front and endeavored to ef.
feet surrounding movement. This
seems TO have been their object regard
Ing Estcourt. and. since ii is impossible
that relief should reach there for some
days 10 come, it is not unlikely that a
further retiring movement on Mooi
river will be made.
From the difficulty experienced III
concentrating divisions at the original
points it seems clear that the plans OF
General Butler have been entirely
changed. Not the slightest word re-
garding the new plans has been allowed
10 escape. The first object was sup
posed 10 be the sending of British
column TO relieve Kimberley. but this
seems incorrect, all the accounts re-
garding the movement at present IN the
| light Of reconnaissance. 1t seems
however, that arrangements tor an au-
| vance from Durham are in forward
state. if an advance has not already
commenced.
| Hoi.tsd tho FREQ State Flag.
Kimberley was all right on FRIDAY
Nov. 10. The burghers at AllwaI'
north have hoisted the flag OF the or
ange Free State and declared the to"i
in the possession of the Free State.
Conditions would seem to point L
the necessity of protecting the column
marching TO the relief OF Aim oesi'.
from attack from this direction or iron
Bloemfontein. Owing to tho reticen''
Of General Butler it is almost useless I
sneak of the likelihood of the repof'e'
movement to relieve Kimberley. II ea'
only be intended to withdraw IN
Beers, if possible. from Natal. :.
The object of the occupation OF All
wo,north is understood to be to pre'eN
1.-THE large quantity of ammunition .
Herschell being forwarded 10 'aliies
town and thence to the queen o"''
III. Roers have notified the lnhapltah'
,hat no looting will be allowed. lher
are reliable reports of mysterious move
ments of Free State commandoes alo'
the Orange river and Important d,ve' vel
onments @ are expected. Everythin
tsn1s 70 show that the relief OF Nh
berley could only be safely uhoe''"N'
by a strong column.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1899-11-20
SCHLEY'S SAILING ORDERS
Have Been Wnhhc!d Pending the Ar
rival Of Secretary Long.

Have Been Wnhhc!d Pending the Ar
rival Of Secretary Long.
WASHINGTON. Nov. 2O.-The hna!
sailing orders to Rear Admiral schiey
are being withheld in order that tnes
may be issued by Secretary Long NM
self. The secretary is expected to ar
rive in Washington from Colorado dur.
ING the day. 1t is said the orders Will
be precisely similar to those given tt
tha commanding officers Of foreign sta
tions upon their departure from the
limited States. In that case Rear Al
miral Schley would be instructed Z
proceed to his station direct and inspec'
the ships on the station. That tash
usually involves months work. Afte'
that if the commander of the statioi
| decided to go to South Africa he WI
he at liberty to do so without expiicl
orders from the department.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1899-11-20
WEEKLY REVIEW OF TRADE.
C.n.ral Rusiness Continues st MAX
mum Volume.

Genera, business Continues at Maxi
mum Volume.
NEW YORK. Nov. 20.-Bradstreets
savs. General trade and industry con-
Time at maximum volume for TINS
season OF the year, while prices as a
whole manifest strength unap-
nroached in recent years. Strength OF
values is still most notable among man
,,factured textiles, but cereals. hides
leather and manufactures thereof nave
also strengthened slightly. On the
other hand pork products, raw cottot
and tin are slightly lower. The grea'
majority ma Of prices. however, remain
6rm vt unchanged quotations. An ac
tive consumptive demand for wool J.
reported at all leading markets. accom-
nan;ed by a fair export demand anu
further reduction in stocks.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1899-11-20
NAY JOIN THE BOERS.
Chief Jost Of Basutoland Said to II
WRyepinR.

Chief Jost Of Basutolsud Said to rss
Wnvering.
LONDON. Nov. 20.-Advices from
Maseru, Basutoland. say that Chief
Joet, terrorized by false Boer assertions
that the British have been beaten in
every engagement and are being driven
out OF South Africa. is preparing to
)'in the Beers, believing theirs the win.
ning side. The Beers are said to have
supplied him with guns which they
have accompanied with specious prom.
ises. Those who are are aware of the
Basuto history know that Chief Joe,
and Chief Jonathan had quarrel il
their earlier years and have never beei
on the same side. Chief Jonathan hay
ing committed himself to British inter
| ests.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1899-11-20

shells fell so thickly that The Soers were
compelled to lie fat and sheltered
Later they opened fire on the British
batteries. which ceased firing.
Heavy lighting occurred between the
Orange Free State troops and the Brit.
'sh south OF Ladysmith, during the
morning Of Tuesday, Nov. IA. The re.
suit is not known.
From Lombard's kop the British bat.
ferries We're visible, shelling the Free
btater's position.
A Transvaal big gun shelled the Brit.
tsh batteries.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1899-11-20
PatrOniZe

The Madison Steam Laun-
dry, a home institution. They
do better work than you can
obtain from the outside laun-
dries, perfectly responsible,
convenient for the customer,
laundry can be delivered any
time desired, any complaints
satisfactorily adjusted, and
everything can be made more
satisfactory because deal di-
rectly with the proprietor, and
besides it is a home institution.
O. +. FULLER,
Proprietor
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25

Thlnks Secretary Root = SoeoGso
AID Otis . Fine O0ceR.


NEW YORK. Aug. A.-Gen. Nelson A:
Miles said to = Philadelphia correspondent
OF the Tribune yesterday:
THE new secretary Of war 10 man or
businesA As a result different conditions
already exist. The interests OF the country
have demanded vigorous prosecution on
the war In the Philippines. and now they
will have it. I know nothing about a
change Of commanders on the island. My
with the administration. As major general
commanding. am responsible Tor the
health and discipline of the army. Both are
In excellent condition.
Gen. Otis is a fne officer. That has
been demonstrated by the splendid morale
Of the army. its health and its efficiency
In the field In the Philippines. The made
what abating the results which have been
achieved. Our army. Notwithstanding the
vast superiority or the enemy In numbers.
has been victorious In every engagement.
The army may be large and valiant enough
to defeat an army Quadruple Its size. but
II takes additional forces to hold the towns
in an enemy's country. and to cover lines
Of communication.
About 20 per cent. OF our army. under
any conditions. Ii practically inactive, ow-
Ing to various duties about the camp and
in hospitals. transportation. sickness and
various other causes. In the civil war only
a portion OF the army operated on the
fighting line.
much embarrassment has been occa-
stoned by the supplying of the enemy with
food and ammunition by their friends in
couragement from their friends In the
states It Is dificult to discriminate, In the
enemy's country. between non-combatants
and foes"
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
CONSUL BEDLOE'S BREAK.
Ownership to . EiitDsno FIJI
fbustestnx Vessel.

WASHINGTON. Aug. A-Consul Ed
ward Bedioe. Of Pennsylvania. who nas
been stationed at Canton. China, during
the administration OF President McAin-
ley has been suspended by the state de-
partmenr and granted permission TO re-
turn to the United States. HIS suspension
has given rise to reports that several con-
suiar officers Of the United States have
been relieved because of their alleged ac-
non IN assisting In sending munitions OF
war TO the Philippine islands. Assistant
Secretary CrKer. however. stated tonight
that the order issued BY the state depart
merit affects only DR. Beslloe- He made &c
plain. in addition, that Dr. Bedioe's trou-
ole is not due to charges OF giving aid 70
F1liptnos, but arises in part out Of the GER
tiflcate OF American ownership SAL 10
have been granted by him TO the steamer
Abbey.
The Abbey. IL will BE- remembered. was
seized by the gyInboat Mct'ulloeh on sep
temner 2. OF last year. at Batangass where
she had handed a cargo OF arms and am
munition.
The navy department ~ very much en-
barrassed about the matter, by reason Of
the fact that there no Federal courts
In the Philippines that can pass upon her
case. and IL VII De necessary 10 bring her
90 san Francisco 10 accomplish her cur
demnation
The authorities. on the other hand. feel
assured that Or. Bedf0e - innocent Of
any wrong-doing. Intentionally at least.
and that only some Misunderstanding ex-
lists on MS part
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
TO ESTABLISH 4 BLOCKADE
Account 81 the Non-Conbatants
within the InsuPgent Lines ana

WASHINGTON, Aug. 2A-The estab-
l!shment Of q blockade OF the ports Of the
Philippine islands, especially those OF Lu-
1on. II q subject which il receiving the at
tention Of the war department. although
Secretary Root says he has not as yet
su6icient Information to warrant definite
action In the matter.
The secretary says that he believes In
taking advantage Of everything necessary
to make Q campaign successful. and that
war cannot be made without causing dis
treEB.
At the same time. he thinks an absolute
blockade may do more injury just nov
than good. He considers that 1t would Be
q serious hardship upon q peacefui com.
munity to shut them on from the means
Of subsistence because q port that supplies
them - In the hands OF the marauders:
Another matter that has to be considered
10 the fact that the merchants and busi-
ness men in Manila would be seriously
crippled, and 1t might cause great deal
Of dissatisfaction should rigid blockade
be maintained at the present time.
The probabilities are. however, that when
the fall campaign begins there will be an
efectual blockade maintained, and that
commerce between the towns within the
American lines and the country OF the IN
surgents will be stopped.
Meanwhile. all possible precautions will
be taken to prevent arms and ammunition
from being supplied TO the insurgents.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
M'KIN[EY on us TRAVELS.


PLATTSBURG. n. T.. Aug. A-Ine
presidential party left Blun Point station
at O'Clock this evening after stay OK
exactly four weeks. Tbs morning ne was
serenaded by the Twenty-sixth regiment
band, after he and Mrs. Mckinley were
taken for a farewell drive around tbs
grounds At p. m a commandery OF Ma
sons from ST. Johnsbury. VT. headed oy
a band. arrived az the hotel TO pay tleir
respects TO the president Al O'Clock me
Twenty-sixth regiment. 80 men. arrived
at the hotel, having marched DOWN from
Plattsburg barracks. three miles Presi-
dent Mckinley reviewed the regiment
from the balcony.
At $50 O'Clock this afternoon the presi-
dent and Mrs. Mckinley entered their
carriage and were driven from the hotel
to the station. The special train WAS walt
ing for them at Blum Point station. ana
promptly at s O'Clock the train pulled out
OF the station. The train 10 due in Jersey
City tomorrow morning at +.35. and TO
reach Long Branch about : O'Clock The
intention - to stay at Long Branch lntI
saturday afternoon, when the presidential
party will start for Pfttsburg.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
MUST Ask FOR MORE MONEY.


IOH 1oGbSob00 ssoSs
NEW YORK, Aug. "A special to the
Times from Washington says:
The Fifty-hfth congress appropriated
for the maintenance of the army, includ-
ing all expenses, except those for the
construction Of Notifications, about $so-
600 900. II had authorized the president
to raise an army of 10000 men. and II
was supposed to be allowing the use of
enough money to keep those men In the
field as II could not be assumed that
the force asked for would be unnecessary.
II the war department were to regu-
late its expenditures according TO the
sum appropriated by congress. II would
spend for the army about $500 900
month. Two months OF the fiscal year
have almost passed. and In these two
months the army has cost more than
81. 0e0, 900. The average expenditure will
have to be much less II So. 600 900 Is TO
last until a deficiency bill can be passed.
Secretary Gage thinks II will not be
necessary to sell bonds to provide money
with which 20 maintain the army. II
congress had authorized the expenditure
Of more than $50 90 for the army In
the fiscal year. 1t Is the treasurer's opin-
ION that the income from the customs
and the internal revenue would be suf-
ficient 20 meet every demand. but the
trouble appears TO be not the difficulty
about raising money, but the authority
To spend II.
But the treasury will not sell bonds to
remedy the matter. The only remedy
will be the consent Of congress that more
than 1900, 900 may be expended.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
CASE OF CAPT. CARTER.
Attorney General IL Not Vet pre-
pared Ia Decide II

Pf.ATTsBURG. ~. Y. Aug. 2s-Attnr-
ney General GriRgs has made the follow
Ing statement To the Associated Press
correspondent regarding the case OF Cant
oberlin NJ Carter. charged with mis-
appropriaunr United States government
funds while IN charge ~ the work OF i'm
proving the harbor Of Savannah:
The situation in the Carter case Ia
lust this, I have gone over the evidence
N the case which "a very volurnlnous
Nothing more can be done IN the matter
urtl Wayne NacNessh. counsel for Capt
Carter. has made HIS argument before
nc Mr. MaeTeagh is now in Europs
and viii not return 20 this country until
about September IS After tina, shall
make nv report To President Mckinley.
There Is absolutely no truth In the
published statements that 7 have arrived
At decision IN the case Would ~ re
proper for ne "a announce INV aecis,sn
without frs; hearing Mr.. MacysarhT'
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
Louch, Augustine ( Co.
slS ana SIT First Ave.

duced at the FIRST court-aartiai Of the
prisoner.
The general confessed that he did not
know OF It's existence. and the same state
ment was ELECTED from Gen. Come. who de-
clared that sandherr was responsible for
Its non-production. The replies were tan
tamount to a confession that Sandherr and
Lieut.. Col. Henry played with the minister
OF war. and even Gen. Come, assistant
chief OF the headquarters stan. the chief
Of the intelligence department keeping
from the two latter just what he pleased.
The PanissaPdi Forgery.
Then Labor proceeded to take up the
Panizzardi dispatch. and to bring out con-
Trajectory TRANSACTIONS Of u and the false
ness OF tho final version. After hearing
Mercier and Chanoine on the subject
Jouaust declared the court would rule 1t
out Of evidence.
Dreyfus' Calm Reply.
The examination Of Mercier having been
concluded. Jouaust asked Dreyfus II he
had anything TO say and the prisoner. IA
a calm voice. replied TO Mercier's state
ment that he uDreyfus) could have obtain
ed the information about the artillery
promised In the bordereau while staying
at Bourxss. where the artillery trials were
being held. Dreyfus entered into an ex-
PLANTATION as to how he spent his time.
showing he did not inform himself about
the trials Of the new gun brake.
The Alleged Confession.
Gen. Risbourg recounted what Capt. Le-
brun-Renault said about Dreyfus. and this
brought the latter TO his feet with a
thrilling declaration. He pointed out that
the captain shook him by the hand when
he returned to prison. which is at varl-
ance with what Risbourg recounted.
Moreover" cried Dreyfus. when q
frightful charge has been hanging over .
mans head for five years, people ought not
to talk Of convictions. but should bring
proofs. Otherwise / cease TO understand
the matter"
This indignant protest caused deep
sensation In court.
Continuing Dreyfus proceeded to totally
deny the story that he had made q con-
fession to Capt Lebrun- Renault. A num-
Der OF other witnesses were heard. inciud-
ing NJ. Quesnay de Beaurepaire's friend.
NJ. Uiier, who was responsible for the
story that he found a marginal notc on
the subject OF the arrest OF Dreyfus on q
newspaper in Emperor williams bedroom
at Potsdam He testified TO this effect.
The refusal OF Jouaust TO permit Roget to
lie recalled. which occurred during the
proceedings, was looked upon as indicat-
Ing desire to shorten the case.
Court adjourned at 1l:l5 for the day.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
PAYMENT OF CUBAN TROOPS.
So Much Thievlng That No More
Will he Given Dat.

HAVANA. Aug. 2A-Gen. Brooke has
virtually decided not To make any paw
ments 10 Cuban troops on the basis OF adj
ditionai rolls. The first payments brought
20 l!gh, such an amount OF thievery and at
tempted ew!ndiing that ne has ceased to
consider the question of distributing what
il left Of the 3.oo0ofo In supplementary pay
mcnts. The sum now left In his hands he
will probably use 10 assist wounded and
deserving Officers. who. under the orisin al
Arrangement were TO receive nothing
Most OF the Cuban officers agree with the
remark RECENTLY made by Gen. Gomez. He
said rhe a 900 ON would prove more harmful
than helpful and the work OF payments
has revealed depths of depravity that the
best friends OF Cuba had not conceived
could exist
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
UNION VETERANS EScAxPxESr.
Debate Over Iaders~ment of the
War In the PhfIippsnes-

DIS MONIES. Ia, Aug A-Today's
session OF the TnIon veterans National
Encampmenf was productive Of an ear
nest debate upon the approval OF the sd-
ministration In tfs Philippine campaign
IL IL likely the administration viii BE-
Endorsed.
The new constitution wilI De indors~sI
and Will be tried for one year WASH
irgtor WAS chosen for the national en-
ca mpnaent az 1870.
The business meeting was followed By
a joint session for the Installation Of ma
tional officers II the union an9 the Wo-
mems Relief auxiliary.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
DEWEY MAKES AN IMPRESSION.
People OF Nice Admire HE MOaosty
and Availability.

NICE, Aug sA--Admirai Dewey. accom-
panied by Lieut.. Brumby and the Ameri-
can vice consul here. this morning return
ed the visits made yesterday by the va
rtous army. navy and civil authorities.
The inhabitants Of Nice gave Dewey an
He returned 20 villa Franco nj noon,
The admiral created a marked impress
sion here. ell those who saw him being
struck with HIS extreme amIabIlity ard
moaesty. Dewey expresses his regret at
incorrect reports sent out concerning hts
reception at Trieste. IL was hs saws
most courteous and hearty
Not only my self, added Dewey, but
everyone on the Olympia received every
possible attention"
Pians for New York Reception.
NEW YORK, Aug a-Rcar Admiral
Samrsonss aeei will not meet Admiral
Dewey when the hero 90 Manila bay
comes with the Olympia % be the guest
Of New York and the nation Instead
the admiral Will come into port unartend-
ed, and then tina rear admiral, going from
hts anchored flagship 20 the olympia will
extend Admiral Dewey welcome on be-
half OF the navy department and pay his
own respects,
These facts were made plain TO tha
Dewey reception committees plan ars
scope committee hy Rear Admiral John
w Phillip and cart. Robley u. Evans
and Il Also Was stated tina; Rear Admiral
sampson Gid not approve os the commit
tees plan. which provided that the war
ships sh9e'd 50 tn SEA ard escort the
olympia IN.
Sampsons feet all assemble. according
20 the new programrie at Tngnpk,nsvills
- ainp.e time to welcome Admiral
Dewey"
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
DEWEY SETS MS DATE.
Will Arrive at New York ON Thur.
day. september 90

NEW YORK. Aug =. Acting Nzvor
G7sg~raesrnsr to-day received the Following
SaosegrAsIs from Admiral Dewey:
"tTilefranche Aug -
Rsr8eBgh tggx- abe Tasr. Acting Mav0-.
VIII arrive Thursday. 18th. a. requested
DEWEY"
3hss win enable sbe recs pt.en committee
ID h9la tse naval parade en- Friday and
TIE lard parade CA saturday. ar~i ossvia te
IN" nscessssy 81 having a dag intervene
between sse tao paraaes
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25

WASHINGTON. Aug. - An order was
issued at the war department today hon
orabIy dischsrgirg from the volunteer
army PVix Gen. Irving Hale 10 take sy-
feet October l. Gen. Hale wen. 10 the
Philippines az colonel Of the First Colo
raao and was made brizadfer general
for gnllsntry. Gen Hale is now az San
Francisco.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
STARVING OUT GuERIN.
Police Succeed In Intercepting Sup.
plies on Their Way to Him.

PARIS, Aug. 2i--This afternoon the po-
lice rcpaised a number of market women
who were trying TO supply provisions TO
Jules Guerin, the antt-Semite agitator,
trenehed against the authorities at the
headquarters Of the anti-6emite League
In the Rue de Chabrot. About o O'Clock
this evening q small demonstration In the
Rue La Fayette In favor Of 0uerin led 70
scuffies and several arrests were made
The police are continually dispensing
loiterers In the vicinity Of the Rue de
Chahrot.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
no CHANCE rOR PORTLAND.
Minnesota Volunteers VIII he Paid
OF in San Francisco

ST. PAUL. MINI. Aug. 34-Sorne DAYS
ago Gov Lind asked the war depa RI nsrt
TO land the Minnesota volunteers ut Port
land. but the government officials have no.
titled him that they cannot do IL. that the
muster out will occur at San Francisco
and that - the end OF IL from n Federal
point of view
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25

NORFOLK. Va. Auz al. y now
fhougat that the number ~ people who
lost their lives by shipvreck ami disaster
attending the West Indian hurricane
which passed Up the coast about tea
days aEo viii r~aeh f1s. Accounts N
many eases conflicting continue 20 coue
from the Alberraris ard Pi11ilc9 sound
region ard tire cGsst from aatreras to
BgyGs Stand, ia shtch section the great
sr number 81 casualties occurred.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25

SPOKANE Aug 9s-F1ovS Tarnnsrt
the Ayear-old son 0f Mr. and Mrs.. John
Lambert. wandered away from hfs home
near Fsrrningfon about : .. n Yesterday
DOWN o~t~~>n th- rats ard went 10
sleep n few minutes later an o r. a
~ trAta came around the carve aud
.HEsAnoo - We es0 - 90 texlO -
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
German Csnsn~, win stand.

BERLIN Aug - The Associated Press
corrvsronAer. here learns au:hors.a lively
that Emperor " Ham has refused IN ac-
c~rt the cabinets resignation. Later. h9~-
ever a partial reorssnization cc the minis
try will ~ msf~.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25

LONDON. Aug. 25.-The Rennes corre-
spondent OF tho Daily News says: The
more compromised members Of the gen.
eral staff are considering the policy OF
an appeal to mercy RS last resort.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1899-08-25
OnIy . military Expedieas.

WASHINGTON Arg. ft--T-s% state a@-
rarfmert does no. scpr>herS tnsf inter
raf'1~af r0-s-ft~-'io-s vii ertse sss -
Gen oti- Course IN exc!g6ing Chinese rr-rn
the Philippines ga thss 30 ss'a 20 - enfv J.
temporary military sxysssers- leaving ere
general question 70 be Determines ~ cn5r
R0DA -