davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

London Tit-Bits: Pussy man (hv-rying
into newspaper Objective lost my spec
tacles somewhere. and / want to adver-
tise for them, but 1 can't see to write
without them, you know.
0Advertfsing clerk Glkely to be general
manager some day)-I Will write that ad
for you. sir. Any marks on them?
Pussy Man-Yes. yes. Gold-rimmed,
lenses different focus. and letters l.. Q, c..
on inside. Insert 1t three times.
Advertising Clerk-Yes, sir. Eighteen
shilllngs, please.
Pussy Man-Here 1t Is.
Advertising Clerk-Thanks. 1t gives me,
sir, great pleasure to inform you, sir, tina
our spectacles are on the top OF your
head.
Fussy NANNY stars! So they are. Why
didn't you say SO before?
Advertising Clerk = Business before
pleasure, you know.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

London Tit-Bits: IT say" said a
friend the other day, you are an old
hand at it. I have only just got mar
ried, and don't understand much about
the business. / should like to know
whether a married man has any rights
left when he takes unto himself a
wifeP'
flights? Yes, lots. He has a right
to pay all the bills
stop! mean this. Let me give
you an instance. Every box, every
chest Of drawers and portmanteau,
and, in fact, every available recep-
tacle of every description. is stuffed
full of my wife's property, and when
| want to put away a few cuffs and
collars
"Hold hard. l know what you mean.
Listen, young man. If your bed room
were 200 yards long, lined from the
door to the ceiling with shelves, and
you wanted a place to stow away a
couple Of shirts, you couldn't find Il
nook that wasn't full of hairpins. scent
bottles, odd gloves, pieces of ribbon,
odd feathers and artificial flowers,
little bits of tape and buttons galore,
with pins and needles thrown in, so
just accept the inevitable. Wrap your
personal property in an old newspa-
per parcel and hide it under the bed
He grinned ironically, but passed on
q sadder and wiser man.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS.
Prof. Atwatcr Pronounces Pork and
Beans Nutritious Combination.

AtWatcr PrOnounceS Pork and
Beans Il Nutritious Combination.
Zone interesting result of the exper-
iments that have been made by Pro-
fessor Atwater is the proof of the wis
dom of certain food combinations
which man has adopted" writes L. w.
Mayo in Ainslee's. BREAD and meat,
or meat and potatoes, go well together,
because each supplements the other.
The Scotchman's oatmeal and herring,
with the other articles which make up
his familiar diet, supply the needed
elements in healthful and economical
proportions. Pork is altogether too
largely composed of fat to make a
meal by itself, but pork and beans bal
anc each other well. The beans are
made up almost entirely of protein
and carbohydrates to offset the fat of
which the pork mainly consists. In
certain rural sections of the country
n staple supper dish is cornmeal mush
and milk. The experiments prove that
this is one of the best proportional,
rs well as one of the most economical
of foods. While experience has beer
a good teacher in leading us to favor
certain dishes, it has misled us in re-
gard to others. The hog and hominy'
diet of the south, for example, is un-
desirable alone, because it is deficient
i'll strengthening power as compared
with it's fuel value. The rice of the
Hindoos, and the potato of the Irish
are likewise open to the objection of
providing too little protein and too
much carbon to be advantageous as
the sole material of n diet. Aside
from the matter of providing the nu-
tritive elements in correct proper
tons, there are numberless consider
ations of taste and individual prefer
ence to be taken into account in de-
termining the diet Of any particular
person."
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
10 FOLLOW HIS FATHER.
Willie Waldorf Aston, Jr., Soon to
Become a Subject of the Queen.

ErHNHtH .Ne3E- L-ErHEELl
Willie Waldorf Aston. Jr., Soon to
Become a Subject of the Queen.
New York-A London special to the
journal says.
William Waldorf Astor. jr., whose
father recently became a naturalizcd
British subject, despite his recent ut
terances to the contrary, Will
his American citizenship and become
u member of her majesty's household
cavalry.
The person of the queen is protect
ed by three regiments of cavalry and
three OF. infantry. Those mounted
are the First and Second Life Guards
and the Horse Guards. while the in
fantry are the Grenadier Guards. the
Coldstrcam Guards and the Scot Fusi-
Tiers. When the queen appears in
public this guard escorts her.
Young Astor. if he succeeds in get
ting into the exclusive body, will be
allowed to prance alongside the
queens carriage, waving a sword and
giving orders to his men in the shrill
treble voice which is a part Of his
American training.
The First Life Guards wear Il scar
let uniform, with blue facings and
brass breast plate and helmet, the lat
ter with white plumes.
The colonel-in-chicf is the Prince OF
Wales. and the colonel who really does
the work is Prince Edward, of Sake
Weimar. Prince Adolphus, of Teck,
also puts on the uniform once in a
while and parades with the other
scions OF nobility.
If scarlet suits the youthful Astor's
complexion. he may join either the
regiment mentioned above, which is
known as 1.-THE Reds or the Second
Life Guards, which dresses in the same
way and also has the Prince OF Wales
for its chief colonel and Earl Howe
for its secondary colonel. Both regi-
ments have good var records. They
fought well at Dettengen, in the Pen
insula, at Waterloo and ut Tel-El-
Keber.
The Royal Horse Guards, or "Bluse,'
wear blue uniforms, with scarlet fac-
ings. Red plumes wave from the
crowns of their helmets. They also
have the Prince of Wales for their col
onel-in-chief and Niscount Wolseley
for their other colonel.
Young Astor will find it rather hard
to live upon his pay as a second leu
tenant in the household cavalry. II
will amount-if he gets into the sery-
ice-to 6 shillings and s pence, or, in
plain American. SLIGO Il day, an equiv.
alent of 1854 a year. The colonel OF
the regiment receives only about
81 1900 a year, a major less than SIS II
day, a captain So and a first lieuten-
ant SIS u week.
The smallness of the pay is atoned
for by the exclusiveness of the socie-
ty. That will be a compensation TO
Mr.. Astor, who will meet princes and
mobiles, but what compensation there
will be to those who have to meet Mr..
Astor does not appear.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
George Meredith and Women.

London Mail: In spite of his ex-
IRENE deafness George Meredith is
still an ardent admirer of women con-
versationalists. Among other bril-
liant ones of their sex, Mrs. Barry
Pain and Mrs. j. NJ. Barrie have es-
pecially won his commendation; the
former having been called by him the
%cleverest woman in England, and the
latter the best of women takers. OF
women who are especially literary,
Mrs. Meynell has perhaps inspired in
him the kcenest admiration. After n
of her visits to him he is reported to
have said of his interview with her:
I'VE waltzed together on celestial
heights"
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

Robert Downing was recently interviewed
by the press on the subjecs Of his splendid
health. Mr.. Downing promptly anu en-.
phatlcaily gave the whole credit of his splen-
did physical condition to Pe-ru-na, saying:
II find 1t a preventive against all sudden
summer Ills that swoop upon one In
changing climates and water.
1T is the finest travelling companion and
safeguard against mnlariai influences.
TO sum 1t up. Pe-ru-na has done nue. more
good than any tonic ! have. ever TAKEN
Healthy mucous membranes protect the
body against the heat OF summer and the
cold OF winter. Pe.ru-na is sure to bring
whole body.
Write for a copy OF DIR. Hartman's latest
book, entitled Summer Catarrh." Address
DR.. Hartman, Columbus, y.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
A nose rrce 1.oou Years Ola

n AsSS ASo"D
Boston Traveller: One of the most
interesting cnriosities in Germany is
the rose tree at Hildesheim, which is
more than 1000 years old. Its exist
ence can be traced back TO the time OF
Charlemange, and it is a fact that it
was mentioned as a curiosity in old
chronicles of the ninth century. 1t
twines around IL large part of the an
Gent cathedral of lIildesheim, near
Brunswick, and with its countless
blossoms presents in the season an en-
trancing spectacle. This venerable
witness from bygone ages has been at
tackled by some %insidious insect that
threatens it with destruction. The
Hildcsheimers, to whom the roses are
a sacred heirloom, have summoned the
best authorities in a~rboriculture to
their aid, but the fate of their tree fills
them with anxiety.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

A Kansas City man, r. II. Davis, is
being sued by his divorced wife for
breach of promise: 1t appears that
Mr.. Davis, after the law had severed
the ties that bound him to Mrs. Davis,
met her again and again felt the thrill
of that old passion which had caused
him to marry her. He proposed to her
again, was again accepted, and then
hung back. Mrs. Davis wants $4,000
for thus tritiing with her affections.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
Shake Into Your Shoes

Aliens Foot-Ease. d powder for the feet.
1t cures painful, swollen, smarting, nervous
feet and fnstantlytakes the sting out Of corns
and bunions. It's the greatest comfort dis
coyery Of the age. Aliens Foot-E Ease makes
tigtt-titting or new shoes feel easy. 1t is a
certain cure for sweating, callous and hot,
tired, aching feet. Try it to-day. Sold by all
druggists and shoe stores. BY mail for 25c,
in stamps. Trial package FREE. Address,
Allen S. Olmsted, LIE Roy, N. Y.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
Reaections Of n Bachelor.

New York Press: Woman is the
slave of fashion; man is the slave Of
woman.
The reason Cupid wears wings is SO
he can fly out of the window when
poverty comes in at the door.
The woman who really thanks a
man for doing something never says
a word; she just looks it.
The only way a man can keep his
wife from worrying about his morals
is for him to worry about her health.
About three days before his wife
m home from Europe a man be-
gins to look as if he had a note due
that he couldn't pay.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

Major Percy Glrouard, who built
the railway for the English in the
Soudan, is being made much of in
Montreal, where he is spending his va
cation, the guest of his father, Judge
Girouard, of the Canadian supreme
court. The major is a native of Cam
ada and now 80 years old. His present
official headquarters are at Cairo,
from which he directs the manage
ment of the Egyptian state railways.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
The New Torpedo.

a Swede has invented one operated
by invisible rays of light, which en-
ables it to %explodeat will. In like man
ner Hostetter's Stomach Bitters con-
quer all stomach troubles. When a
sufferer from constipation, dyspepsia
or liver complaint takes the Bitters he
is sure of u cure. a private Revenue
Stamp covers the neck of the bottle.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
A Tie Vote.

Judge: Mr.. Jones-But if women
Had the ballot elections would be use.
less.
Mrs. Jones-Why??
Mr.. Jones-Why, every woman
would would vote exactly opposite to
to her husband, and that would make
the entire vote a tie.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
a Trick ,c Tread.

New York Journal: Friend-There Is
nothing in your new book to indicate in
what part of the country the scene Is
laid.
Notwithstanding not. Do you suppose
/ want TO have a lot of people pointing
not inaccuracies in m dialect?
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

David Wark> the oldest member of
the Canadian senate. who recently eN-
pressed the opinion that that body
had too little to do, is q physical wreck
aud has to be carried in and out Of the
senate chamber and remains in his
seat when addressing the chair.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

Remember that cholera morbus, chol.
era infantum, summer complaint, bilious
collie. diarrhoea and dyscntery are each
and all catarrh OF the bowels. Catarrh is
the only co. reef name for these affcc-
tions. Pe-ru-na Is MI absolute specie
for these ailments, which are so eommon
In summer. DIR. Hartman, In i; practice
of over forty years, never lost Il single
case Of cholera infantum, dysentery,
dinrrhoea, or cholera morbns, and his
only remedy was Pc I'll, na. Those desir-
Ing further particulars should send for a
free copy Of Summer Catarrh.'. Ad-
dress DR.. Hartman, Columbus, Ohio.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

Two Of the most famous living
sScotchmen are cripples-Lord Kelvin,
WHO'S the greatest living Scottish
scientist, and DR.. James Macgregor,
who is said to be the greatest living
Scotch preacher.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

How'd You Iliketo BE the Icema u?
Puck: Boy-Hey, mister! Got a 5o-cent
oak of Ice dere?
Man-Yes!
Boy-Well, set on it n make IT look
like 30 cents!
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

notwithstanding the fact that there
is nothing new under the sun, the
United States patent office grantee
nearly $500 patents last year to peo
ole who had hit upon Il new idea.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
auo.hcr ncwcx Reception.

S3UtHtF UVWC! T~tFttVtTUH.
Chicago News: Does Eagle Eye
contemplate getting up any celebra-
ton in honor of Dewey's return?'
asked the continent trotter.
WAL, ! should ruthcr think SO,
stranger responded Amber Pete.
''Erhc dsy that Dewey gets home the
boys are jest eoin' over an lick every
c,iss in Hald's Gulch, they're going to
shoot the heels off half.a dozen In
juns, string up Il boss thief, fire a kcg
Of blastin' powder an get drunk.
That's celebrating. amt it. stranger??'
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

Piso's Cure for Consumption has
been u family medicine with us since
1S65.-J. II. Madison, a409 Forty-sec-
ond avenue. Chicago, Ill.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

Sir Henry NJ. Stanley has expressed
to a French journalist his opinion that
after Spoke and Livingstone Major
Marchand was the greatest African cN-
plorer.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
wr,n i ouccn c,rnv,

Vixen the Queen Wears IL Crown,
London letter: Her majesty has three
crowns. but 1t is very seldom indeed that
she wears one of them. During the
long series of functions that ac-
compan!ed the Celebration of her
last birthday, for instance. there
was only one occasion on which the royal
head was graced with n Grove. This
was the drawing room which her ma
jesty attended. The tiara which the
queen then wore was made nearly forty
years ago and weighs about eight troy
ounces. 1t IS a light shell of gold,
thicllly incrus,ed with diamonds. there
being no less than 2.G7S white diamonds
and 52a of the rose briliiants. This was
designed for use With the long stripoftnlle
used as n Veil by her majesty on state
occasions, such as weddings and drawing
rooms. The queen wears IL we'll back on
her head, and ii forms a pin to fasten
the ceremonial Veil, which floats away
from it to the hem of the train.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

King George of Greece receives the
smallest salary of any European soy.
ereign-Saoo,opo a year.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

1--WE used to think men had to climb
to fame
Don't they?'
mo. Hobson dived."
That's So"
"And Funston swami"
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

Mrs.. wtnslow's soorn1sa Srauy for children
~tecshinK, s1ftens tho griins. reduces
sllAys pain. cures vtAA collie. sc . bottle. i
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

Professor Hadley, the new president
of Yale. recently described himself as
"the most nervous man on eaTth."'
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

Professor Poultonts gift of a statue
Of Charles Darwin has been set up in
the University of Oxford museum next
to that of Sir Isaac Newton.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

This country consumed 93,OOo,ooc
pounds of tea in 1897, valued at s12.-
600, 600.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

Ina Daisy Cook IS the name of a
new postmistress iii Oklahoma
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

cit G Permanently Cured. No nts or nervousness after
THO first days use Of Dr.. Kliae's Great Nerve Re-
storer. Send for FIR III. a2. 0U trLal bottle and treatise.
Or. II H. KLINE, Ltd. W. Arch Street, Philadelphia, IN
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
She Explains

Puck: He (accusingly)-You passed
me yesterday and never noticed me!
She (simply)-I didn't notice you.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

Hall'sCatarrh Cure
Is taken internally. Price rs cents.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

When a maj has never done any
thing himself to brag about he brags
about what his ancestors did.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
An Excellent Combination.

An Excellent combination.
The pleasant method and beneficial
effects of the well known remedy,
SYRUP OF FIas, manufactured by the
CALIFORNIA FIa SYRUP Co., illustrate
the value of obtaining the liquid laxa-
tive principles of plants known to be
incidentally laxative and presenting
them in the form most refreshing to the
taste and acceptable to the system. 1t
Is the n perfect strengthening laxa-
tive, cleansing the system effectually,
dispelling colds, headaches and fevers
gently yet promptly and enabling one
to overcome habitual constipation per-
manently. Its perfect freedom from
every Objectionable quality and sub
stance, and its acting on the kidneys,
liver and bowels, without weakening
or irritating them, make it the ideal
laxative.
In the process of manufacturing figs
are used, as they are pleasant to the
taste, but the medicinal qualities of the
remedy are obtained from SIENNA and
other aromatic plants, by q method
known to the CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP
Co. only. In order to get its beneficial
effects and to avoid limitations, please
rememberth III full name of the Company
printed on the front of every package.
CALIFORNIA FIG R CO.
SAN FRANCISCO. CAL.
LOUISVILLE. KY. NEW YoRK. N. z.
For sale by all Druggists.-Prie Soc per bottle
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02
TIE CRIMSON MAGNET
The Electrical Adventures of an American in Africa
Hunting for His Affinity.
E
BY j. Q. PaGaN.


copyrtght.t 5000
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

CHAPTER l.
Containing White Love and Black
Memory
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1899-09-02

SIOUX CITY P'TG Co, 1855 1899
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1899-04-13
THE LADIES' HOME JOUR
nal FOR 1899.


ally interesting and strong The list Is strong and
.sra one shs m wSs HoSse
which ex-President Harrison Is to write No man has
ever done what General Harrison will do In these
at his Desk in article in aaother tell Of
"The Social Lie OF the President, and In third ar.
e. ree: hs Y s; w nssfasS
"Great Personal Events in which some of the great.
be revived: those wonderful times when Louis Kos:
suth rode up Broadway; when the young Prince Of
Wales wa: here; when Jenny Lind sang ia Castle i
congregation BY selling slave: in his pulpit; when
Grant went round the world; when Henry Clay bade
farewell to the senate; when John "ssIey preaensd
orabls events and others will be wildly rscailed
told graphically than ever before and illustIa.
over year. third series is unique and variable
from the fact that Il will give women scores Of ideas
for their homes will reveal what there Is Inside
produce pictures Of one hundred completely furnsh-
ed rooms in homes In this country.from Maine to
Calfornia-where taste has gone farther than money
vsly e engaged By the JoURNAI MIS-
who will hereafter have charge OF thedomestie DC.
%Rs 'ss ,i IS
par par entitled MIR Moody Bible Class" The
girl will present six full page pictures showing THE
viii alternate with Mr.. Gibson and present her idea
OF "Six Types Of American Womanhood," showing
the American woman in society In religion, In bust
Mary &. wilkins, the New England writer, will re:
vive the old quilting the ancient singing school
and the spple.panng bee in 1.-THE Pleasures Of Our
Neighborhood." SIR Henry Irving Is to tell how to
study, read and present shakespeare in Small Com
munities." Philip Sousa has written waltz, while
sders greater than his famous ''Ninety and Nine"
Ian Maclaren will have story, while Herbert d:
Wards numerous sereal, "The Burglar Who Moved
Paradise" will run through the year. Jenny Lind
daughteri s to sketch my Mother ss Recall Her,
while George w. Smalley is to show THE Persona!
Side Of the Prince of Wales" In iavisy ILLUSTRATED
gir and woman to take this magazine, 1t Is an excel
lent one, and unlike many other fads sensible one
The JOURNAL is published by The Curtis PUBLISH
ing Company, of Philadelphia.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1899-04-13

Dun Town LIMTs.-The Frederick Nescs,
commenting on tho article in last weeks is
sue of The CLARION, calls our attention to
the fact that We failed to clearly state the
matter in exact form, as relates to our "cor.
porate" and "tax" limits. One reading that
article would understand that, arbitrarily
and without any apparent reason certain
bounds have been established here, within
which property is taxed and outside of which
It is not taxed.
such is the fact, but for the reason that
within those lines street improvement and
lighting, are paid for by the corporation side
walks and alleys are controlled and fire by.
drants are placed and paid for: outside these
limits, but within the corporate limits as
named in Charter, no money Is expended
nor any management or control assumed by
the town authorities. It Is to this "balt"
that we referred in our last issue. As streets
are laid out and built up within the "belt," "
additional territory Is taken therefrom, the
property taxed and the streets improved and
lighted. Until such is done no corporation
taxes are paid by the property in the "belt"
and, although permitted under the Charter
II Is our claim that no resident thereof Ia
rightfully entitled to vote at our town cleo
tons.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1899-04-13
Bravo Men Call

Victims to stomach, liver and kidney
troubles Us we'll as women, and all feel
the results 10 loss Of appetite, poisons
in the blood, baoksohe, nervousness,
headache and tired, listless. rum down
feeling. But there's no need to feel
like that. Listen to ]. w. Gardner,
Idaville, Ind. He says: "Electric Bit
tiers are Just the thing for man when
he is all run down, and don't care
whether he lives or dies. It did moro to
give me new strength and good appe-
lite than anything could take. ! can
now eat anything and haye a new lease
on life." Only 500 at Waters Phar-
macy. Every bottle guaranteed.