davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-12-13

horticulturists in Florida. For in
stance, 1 had a grove of sixteen acres
that was frozen down to the ground
in 1894. 1 wired for CRAFTS to be sent
me from California at once, and put
men to work chopping down the dead
trees, which, by the way were eight
years old and measured about ten
inches in diameter. After the trees
were cut down and hauled off the
ground l set two men to work with
foot AIDES to smooth off the stumps
and cut away all frozen wood, leaving
the surface Of the stump about level
with the ground. When my scions al
rived 1 grated the grove, placing
about four to six scions to the stump,
and thirty days after the freeze had it
all complete. In December, 1896,
gathered AZ boxes of fruit; in 1897 !
took over 200 boxes, and in 1898 i
gathered nearly 800 boxes, and when
the freeze came in February there was
UlOOH cuOuSu W WdrrduC my expect
ing at least 1000 boxes of fruit 1 had
the trees banked up and saved the
CRAFTS, some Of which came out ten
feet high with some fruit, and next
year will probably get five hun
dred boxes. On the other groves
Chat were budded) the trees were so
completely killed back that in most
cases it was necessary to rebud and
in some cases set new trees from the
nursery. Those necessary to rebu1
were grated, and Notwithstanding the
fact that the trees went through
severe drouth, the graft' grew we'll,
and are now eight to ten feet high,
and will fruit some in 1900. To those
wishing further information, will be
glad to give it to those sending
stamped and addressed envelope for
reply"
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-12-13
Crafts VS.. Buds.

O. w. Conner Of Ocklawaha. Fla,
writes in the Sugar Planters Journal:
ut is a well-known fact in Florida
that graft is more hardy than a bud,
and will stand all the cold a native
sour sprout WILL and make the most
productive and prolific tree known to
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-12-13

Money should be sent by Draft, Postoffice
Money Order on DeLand, or Registered Let
ter, otherwise the publisher will not be re-
sponsibe in case of loss. When personal
checks are used exchange must be added.
Only l and cent stamps taken when change
cannot be had.
To insure insertion, all advertisements for
this paper must be received by 10 O'Clock
Monday morning of each week.
Subscribers when writing to have the ad-
dress of their paper changed MUST give the
old as we'll as the address.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-12-13
TO CORRESPONDENTS.

Articles relating to any topic within the
scope of this paper solicited.
We cannot promise to return rejected manu-
script unless stamps are enclosed.
All communications for intended publication
must be accompanied with real name, as
guarantee of good faith. No anonymous con-
tribution will be regarded
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-12-13
Stable Manure-Strong and Weak
Points.

Points.
The lack of a thorough understand
ing of the weak, as we'll as the strong
POINTS of stable manure as a fertilizer
often causes no little inconvenience
and loss on the farm. Stable manure
is natural food for plants, and it
pays to save and use every pound of
it that can be raked and scraped to-
gether
1t must be remembered though that
stable manure represents the undi-
gested portion of food fed to stock.
therefore the quality of manure will
be regulated by the kind of hay, grain
or fodder eaten by the animal If
rich, concentrated food be given, the
manure will partake of the same ma
ture, and naturally be of more value
than that from dry straw or some 9th
er inferior product.
The value of all substances for fer
tilizing purposes is regulated by the
amount Of nitrogen, phosphoric acid
and potash which they contain. 1t is
we'll known that stable manure con-
tains more nitrogen in proportion to
phosphoric acid and potash than cor
responds to the feeding capacity Of
the plants. A marked effect of nitro
gen upon crops is to produce an excess
sive growth of foliage at the expense
of fruit or grain. Those who have
used stable manure have no doubt no
ticed this, and it illustrates the fact
that top reduce a normal growth of
foliage, as we'll as fruit or grain. it il
necessary to apply a we'll balanced
manure, that is, one containing the
proper amounts of phosphoric acid,
nitrogen and potash. Stable manure
will answer the purpose, but should
first be supplemented with some phos,
phoric acid and potash to make it
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-12-13

| y
matter between 1900 and 1900 tons Of
water must fall upon the land, be alb
sorbed by the soil and return through
the structure of the plant to secure a
fair average yield This emphasizes
most emphatically the necessity for
abundant moisture supplies where
large crop production is sought
The specific uses of water in the
soil are as follows first, it is a medi-
UNI by which the mineral matter of
the soil is dissolved and conveyed into
tissues Of the plant. Second, it is ne
cessary in order that the processes re-
duce the substances in the soil to
forms available for plant food. Fer
mentatiOn is the result of the action
of the innumerable bacteria that in
fest the soil, and it has now been
shown beyond a question, that unless
the means arep rovided for these mi
mute creatures to perform their work,
rich soil will remain unproductive.
Without moisture, termination would
be impossible. This explains why a
soil ordinarily deficient in plant food,
may in favorable seasons produce
good crop. Many farmers have noted
that sandy soils when literally sup
piled with moisture, will yield abund-
antly The amount of plant food re-
quired by a crop is comparatively
small, and if sufficient moisture is
found in the soil to aid in rendering it
available for plant food and to convey
it to tissues of the plant, a good crop
may be anticipated. This makes plain
that while an available supply of the
essential elements of plant fOOd-ni
trogen, phosphoric acid, and potash
must be literally supplied in the soil,
moisture is still a necessary factor be-
fore large crop yields can be expected.
The soil is made up of very minute
particles; so small in fact that in
many instances a million Of them
placed side by side would not measure
more than an inch. The water in the
soil is held as a little film around each
one of these grains. 1t therefore fol,
lows that the finer the soil and the
more thoroughly it is titled, the great
er will be it's capacity for holding
water; and within reasonable limits
this is the case. This emphasizes,
therefore, the necessity Of thorough
cultivation and tining of the soil
The three types Of water that we
are concerned with in agriculture are
free, Microscopic, and capillary. The
free water is that that runs off or per-
colates from the land. The microscopic
water is unavailable to plants. The
capillary water is that which moves
from place to place through the soil,
and is useful to plants. The soil is
made up of thousands of little pores,
and the finer the soil and more minute
the pores, the greater will! be its abili-
ty to lift and transport moisture from
the lower areas of the sllbs0il to the
surface soil there to be brought in
we should bear in mind, and cultivate
and fertiliZe our soils so as to increase
I,oi
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-12-13

We now have an Office in Jacksonville,
Room 4, Robinson Block, Viaduct, where Mr..
Painter will be pleased to see any of our sub
scribers. Any time we can be of service in
Jacksonville, drop US line to above address.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-12-13


ton to be generated, and as there can
be no vacuum in nature, the water sur
rounding the little rOotlets in the soil
passes through the thin walls of the
cells of the fibrous roots, from there
to the main root, and on up to the It's
sues of the plant where the food ele-
ments are withdrawn and large per
cent. of the water passed on to be
evapOrated through the leaves. The
plant is simply an aggregation Of lit
tie cells. Its growth depends on the
rapidity of cell division. The rapid
ty of cell division depends largely on
the supply of food and moisture. Wa
ter gives elasticity and rigidity to the
cells, increasing their division, aud
Fastening the growth of the plant
This is another of the important func.
tons water performs in crop produce
ton.
The question now arises: Can we
control the moisture supply of the soil
to any appreciate extent? We an
swer, yes. One of the most effective
ways to retain moisture in the soil is
by the use of a mulch. Various kinds
Of mulches may be used, but many of
these are too expensive for practical
farm work. Experiments, however,
have demonstrated that by shallow
cultivation of the soil about three
inches deep and repeating this opera
ton once a week through the growing
season, or after every rainfall, an eff
fective dust mulch will be preserved.
This breaks the connection of the cap
Hilary pores with the atmosphere and
checks the escape of moisture The
escape of moisture is thus forced to
pass out drought the roots, leaves and
stems of the growing crop, and this is
the object sought. 1t is thus apparent
that the roller can prOftably be used
in times Of drought to draw moisture
from the lower areas to the surface,
but it must be Immediately followed
by the harrow to preserve a dust
blanket, Or the effects Of the roll will
be lost All have observed the moist
surface that soon appears after the
roller, and may have noticed disap-
pointing results from it's use. 1t be-
comes apparent then that level culture,
the preservation of a dust blanket, the
covering of the ground with a crop at
al times the use Of green manures
and lime, and most thorough and ex-
haustive tillage to reduce the soil par
ticles, are means that may be employ
ed effectively in saving the moisture
of the SOIL Deep and thorough ploW-
ing, protection from drying winds in
early spring, rotation of crops and un-
der draining all add their quota to aid
in this good work.
Seeing, therefore, the Importance of
moisture to our crops and the simple
and effective means that we may en-
ploy to retain and preserve it in the
soil for future use, let us make use of
that knowledge more effectively in the
future than we have done in the past
The results will be surprising, and
both pleasant and profitable to our
farmers. \ ndreW M. SOule Agricul-
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-12-13
TERMS.

One year, single subscription. rs 2.00
Six months, single subscription. ........ 100
Single cony. .......... .05
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-12-13
ADVERTISING RATES.

Rates for advertising furnished on applica
ton by letter or in person.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-04-19
MILES DISCREDITED
BY the Forthcoming Report OF tho
Army Court of Inquiry on the Beef

BY the Forthcoming Report OF tho
Army Court of Inquiry OH the Beef
Question.
WASHINGTON. April 1s.-The army
court of inquiry has begun the framing
of Its report. While few minor mat
terS remain for examination, they are
not such as to effect the main issues.
1t Is regarded as certain that the court
Will find that Gen. Miles charges that
embalmed or chemically prepared beef
was sent to the army have not been sus-
talned. The position Of the court Is be-
lieved to be that the testimony is con-
elusive that both the refrigerated beef
and the canned beef were In good condI-
tion when delivered to the government,
and continued so until issued to the
troops, except that portion damaged In
transportation or affected by tropical
conditions, and to these causes of injury
and these conditions the chief causes
of trouble will be attributed.
1t will be shown that the refrigerated
beef after being taken from the ice In
the tropical climate spoils quickly. un-
less well cared for. and that the canned
beef after being opened, because OF the
great heat becomes repulsive In appear
ance and soon unpalatable. But the
court will hold. as the result OF the
chemical Investigations by experts, that
the canned beef Is wholesome and nu-
tritious. Attention will be called TO the
fact that it was used throughout the
war by our navy and Is still used by the
fleet. 1t is believed that the court will
criticise those officers who have testified
that they became aware that bad beef
was issued to the troops and who failed
TO report their observations until after
the war had closed
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-04-19
WILL PROSECUTE BRIBERs.
Action of Pennsylvania Legislature
on Committee Reports.

VII SoHliuiLtee ,hcpOftS.
HARRISBURG. Pa, April 1s.-The
feature of the days proceedings in the
legislature was the consideration In the
house of the report of the committee
appointed to investigate the charge Of
bribery in connection with the contest
for United States senator and the Nc
Carrell jury BILL A majority and min
ority report were filed yesterday, and
by agreement between members Of the
committee 1t was agreed to take them
up at 4 o'clock this afternoon.
A When that hour was reached Chair
man Fow asked that consideration of
both reports be postponed until this
evening. and the house gave its con-
sent. Meanwhile n meeting OF the COM
mittee was held, at which 1t was decid-
ed to request the adoption OF both re-
ports, and supplemental report in the
shape OF a resolution designating a COM
mlttee to prosecute the persons charged
with bribery. The matter was brought
up in the house during the evening by
Chairman Fow moving the adoption OF
the majority report, and Mr.. McClain,
OF Lancaster, moving to supplement the
minority report. Mr.. Fow accepted the
motion OF his colleague and offered a
further supplement to both reports.
After the reading of the third document
Mr.. Kreps. OF Franklin "A member of
the committee. moved the adoption OF
the three reports. and after a spirited
discussion. his motion carried by vote
Of 1l9 to o.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-04-19

committee In 1884, and conducted tho
campaign OF the late James G. Blnino
Tor President. He was Mr.. Blaine's per-
sonalt choice for this honor. He has,
been lifelong Republican, and has
never held any public Office except pres
ldential elector. He was voted for by
senator Magec and his friends in the Al,
legheny delegation at tho caucus which
nominated Col. Quay for reelection.
The result Of the ballot was as fol-.
lows: Quay. %; jerks. So; Jonea 60. To-
Ia! vote, 247. Necessary to q choice.
14. Quay lacked 81.
After the announcement of the ballot
senator c. L. Magec. speaking Of hia
action In breaking AWAY from ex-Sen-
ator Quay to-day, said: rs
II believe that the Republican party.
Is greater than any man In It. Tho
Republicans OF Pennsylvania want a
senator elected, and II ONE Ia not elected
am satisfied 1t will mean an awful
political battle this fall and possibly
defeat So long as there was an earnest
desire on the part Of Quay to be elected
and there was hope Of 1t, I remained
with him, but when his henchmen start
ed the cry of Quay or nobody thought
1t was time for making an EFFORT to elect
some good Republican. Quay Is an
lmpossibllity, and he knows 1t, Just an
every other citizen OF Pennsylvania
does. ~ 4 ~
Il notified him several weeks ago that
would not be party to continuing a
deadlock, and that Is the reason to-
day voted for Hon. B. r. Jones. Of
Pittsburgh. Tomorrow will be the
last day for taking q joint ballot. and
hope that between now and then It
Will be possible to elect q senator"
Insurance Commissioner Durham, tho
recognized leader of the Quay faction,
said: ~ 77i
AT the outside don't believe more
than twenty members will go over to
the anti-Quay camp. including those ad-
ditfonaf ones who are expected to leave
US Tomorrow. That number cannot
effect the election OF United States
senator, and the legislature will adjourn
at noon on Thursday without having
chosen successor to NJ. S. Quay. We
are entirely satisfied with this result.
and are content to 20 before the people
at the coming elections. and let them
decide where lies the blame" Is
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-04-19
THEY GO TO JONES.
Fourteen ofQuny's Supporters Leave
the Ranks and Vote for Hon. B. Il.
Jones, of ofPittSburgh.

Fourteen ofQuny's Supporters Leave
the Ranks and Vote for Hon. Is. Il,
Jones, Pittsburgh.
HARRISBURG. April 1S.-Four,cen
votes dropped away from Senator Quay
at to-dny's Joint ballot for United States
senator. The anti-Quay Republicans ana
the followers Of Senator c. l.. Magec,
of Pittsburgh. combined, and cast their
votes for B. +. Jones' of Pittsburgh.
The breakwas started by Senator Craw-
ford, Of Allegheny, who switched from
Quay to Jones, and was followed by
Senators Magce, OF Allegheny; Losch,
OF Schuylliill and Scott, OF Luzernc.
The first break from the Quay ranks
In the list OF members was MIR. Clark,
or Washington, whose colleague, Mr..
McLnrcn, went with him. Mr.. Murdoch,
the third member from Washington.
remained loyal to Colonel Quay. Others
who changed from Quay to Jones were
Mrssrs Hosack, Klump, McFarlarc.
McWhlnmey, Nisbct. Robson, Shaw
and Srpdes. Of Allegheny.
1t was Il O'Clock when the house COM
mltttcc announced "the president pro
TEN and the members OF the scnnteH
The most exciting moment OF the SEN
ntorlal contest had arrived. The
strength OF the opposition to Senator
Quay was TO be finally measured.
Nearly every member was In his seat,
and those absent We're paired. So in
tense was the excitement that It was
impossible to preserve ordcr and the
whispered inquiries OF visitors disturbed
the harmony Of the proceedings.
Mr.. Zones Ia connected with the firm
OF Jones IL Mclaughlin. OF Pittsburgh,
Iron and steel manufacturers. He was
chairman OF the national Republican
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-04-19
Mason and Buclow Hams.

BERLIN, April 1S.-The debate on
the meat inspection bill was continued
in the reichstag to-day. DR.. Vielha-
ben. Reformed party, charged the Rad
icals with placing their services at the
disposal of American meat contractors,
for which he was called to order by the
president. Continuing DR.. Vielhaben
maintained that American canned
meats were bad. and that Americans
ndulterate food products enormously.
adding that the German army and navy
had been protected more than hitherto
against tainted foreign meats.
DR.. Vielhaben also said that the
American inspection OF meats was use
less, and that American firms "in or
der to reward Senator Mason for his
advocacy of retaliation against Ger
man protection had called an extra fine
ham q Mason ham, and 1t was now
said they intended to call another one
a 'Buelow ham,"
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-04-19
GRAFTON'S WELCOME
To tho Members of tho Grand Lodge
of the Ancient Order of United
Worlmen-The Town In Gala At

~O sa'S "a htS ALoaNS
of the Ancient Order of United
Workmen-The Town In Gala At
tire. X
Special Dispatch to the IntellIgenccr. q
GRAFTON, W. Va, April 1S,-Graf-
ton Is in gala attire to-day. Business
houses and private residences are OUT
rivalllng each other in efforts at decor
alton. while large banners ore above the
streets in numerous placer. The lodge
room OF Lotus lodge No. 10, where
the grand lodge, Ancient Order OF Uni
ted Workmen, Is now In session, and
which Is the occasion OF all this festive
display of bunting, is richly adorned
with decorations OF every description
that will beautify and please the eye.
The grand lodge convened for the
first session In the Odd Fellows temple
at 10 o'clock this morning. 1t was call
ed to order by the Grand Master Work
man, J. T. Miller. after which the meqn-
bers listened with rapt and enthusiast
tic attention to a magnificent address
OF welcome BY Judge John Homer Holt.
OF this city, and which was eloquently
responded to by Judge ". S. Raymond.
Of Fairmont. 5Es ~
Judge Holt by direction OF Mayor W.
o. Boyd, then turned over to the dlstip-
guished visitors the keys OF the city.
The only business transacted to-day
was the appointment Of committees,
and the referring OF resolutions.
The feature Of the afternoon session
was the annual address Of Supreme Re-
corder N. w. Sackett, which wos re-
ceived with high favor by the fraternity
and for which the silver tonGued orator
was warmly congratulated after its de-
livery. The streets are thronged with
people tonight and the hotels present
an animated scene. fa5
The grand lodge comprises a dlstin-
gushed looking body OF men. not the
least among whom are the Wheeling
contingent, who nre here In evidence
and everywhere welcome. besides the
flftT or more delegates who are In at
tendance.
The following grand lodge officers are
also present:
P. G. NJ. W.. Sam r. Nuzum: G. NJ.
W., ]. II. Miller; G. F., F. o. Heihle; G.
O., G. W. Stoetzer; G. R., Frank Cruise;
G. R.. W. II. Higgins; G. G., Alex Du-
lin; G. l.. S. s. Felker: G. A. W. C.
Wellemann; Grand Medical Examiner,
G. A. Aschman. IN addition to Supreme
Recorder Saclett'B address, in response
to cali Judge Holt and Alex. Dulin
also made speeches this afternoon. To-
morrow the grand lodge will be rendered
a reception at the reform schoo! In the
afternoon. and entertained at a magnl-
iicent banquet In the evening, at Brink
mans hall. The local lodge. Lotus No.
10. is making every effort for the COM,
fort and enjoyment OF Its guests and
its various committees are every where
present.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-04-19
A GREAN WRONG
Done n Lawyer Righted-New York
Grand Jurics Used for SDitc.

NEW YORK. April 1s.-By a deci-
sion of Judge Blanchard in the court o,
general sessions on Monday. and made
public late Monday evening and con-
frmed again to-day by statement
from District Attorney Gardiner. Law
Yer IT. C. Campbell was completely vim
dicated on q charge of grand larceny
and an Indictment FOR that offense
against him dismissed. Campbell was In
dicted in November for grand larceny.
The complaints were Teresa and
Georglana Fennelly, orphans OF this
city. They accused Campbell OF hold
ing money belonging to the Fennelly es-
tate. Campbell, at that time claimed
that politics and spite were back of the
Indictment. Campbell pressed his case
continually and finally Justice Blanch-
ard ordered the district attorney 10
either prosecute or dismiss the case.
The case was finally placed on trial
before Justice Blanchard last Thursday.
All Of Campbells papers were exhibited
IN court and he was able to account for
every dollar passing through his hands.
Justice Blanchard declared that the
Indictment had been an outrageous pro-
ceeding and another case illustrative of
the use OF the grand jury FOR private
ends. He ordered the indictment dis
missed a..
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1899-04-19
Buscy-Bowers.
Special Dispatch to the Intelllgcncer.

Special Dispatch TO the lntelllgcneer.
SARTINSBURG. W. Va. April 1S.-
Miss Mary V. Bowers and George N.
Busey were married to-day at the home
of the BRIDES parents. at Glrardstown.
Miss Minnie Busey was maid of honor.
and Miss Fannie Dold and Miss Bessie
Lamol, bridesmaids. Mr.. Harry Miller
was best man, and Roy HIcox and
Charles NJ. Stump were groomsrnen. The
ceremony was performed by Rev. J., P.
Stump. In the presence OF immediate
friends and relatives. Hon. George NJ.
Bowers. brothe:c OF the bride. gave her
away. After the ceremony a reception
was given them by Mrs. H. Virginia
Bowers. mother OF the bride. They
then drove to this city and took the
train for Old Point Comfort. Mr.. Busey
is member OF the wholesale firm OF
McKeown & Busey, OF this city. They
were the recipients Of many handsome
and useful presents ' atF