The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1899-04-11

of the war and the impossibility of re-
turn TO the past, could not hesitate 10
meet half way the proposels of the Emper-
or Alexander, who had given them, as
security for the future, the most formal
assurance to maintain the former consti-
ton. In Sweden the King had been de-
thronde; the Swedish government had no
more power over Finland; the Finnish
Estates, elected and assembled according
to law, could alone at that moment rep
resent with perfect right the Finnish peo-
pie. Hence the authority they made use
of in binding the inhabitants of the coun-
try by oath taken TO the new sovereign,
on the basis of the constitution confirmed
by him. was acknowledged by the En-
peror and the people. The Emperor ex-
pressed this in his manifesto ''to all the
inhabitants of Finland published at Bor-
ga on March %, 1903 No protest was heard
in the country.
The union thus established was clearly
defined by the Emperor, not only in the
above mentioned speeches Of the 18th Of
March and 18th Of July, 1909, but also on
other occasions; for example, in the edict
of the 15th-11th March, 1910, concerning
the militia, from which is extracted the
introduction:
HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY'S GRACIOUS
MANIFESTO.
From the moment that, through the will
of Providence, Finlands destiny was in
trusted to use, it has been our aim to rule
that land in conformity with the liberties
of the nation and the rights assured TO it
by it's constitution.
The proofs of devotion the inhabitants
have given us since the oath of fealty,
which they rendered to US of their own
free will, through their representatives
assembled at the Diet. have only conduced
to strengthen US in that purpose.
All the steps we have hitherto taken,
with regard to the internal administration
of the country, are simply a consequence
Of an addition to that fundamental idea.
The maintenance of the religion and the
laws, the summoning of the Estates to
General Diet, the formation of a State
Council in the nations midst, and the in
volatility of the judicial and admins
trative authority, afford sufficient proofs
to assure the Finnish nation (Finska ma
tionen) of its political existance and the
rights appertaining thereto.
Although Finland governs itself
The Emperor and Grand Duke have the
right in criminal matters to pardon, to
commute the penalty Of death, to pro-
nounce the rehabilitation of and to re-
turn forfeited property.
The Emperor and Grand Duke COM
mends the military forces, provides for
thi defense of the country, declares war,
concludes treaties of peace, of alliance.
and so forth.
The Emperor and Grand Duke appoints
to the higher offices Of State.
He has the right of comforting titles on
persons who have particularly well mer-
tied of Tie sovereign or of the country;
he may also raise mobiles to the rank of
Baron or Count. By means of naturaliz-
alton the Emperor may grant to foreign
ers and Russian subjects the status of
Finnish citizens.
Legislative power is exercised conformity
by the Emperor and Grand Duke and the
Diet of the country.
The Emperor is assisted in the work of
governing Finland by the Senate, the Gov
ernor-General, and the Secretary of
States Office.
The Senate, appointed by the Car, is
Justice, which is the supreme tribunal,
and the administrative department
The two departments, united, form the
"plenum" of the Senate. The Governor
General presides both over the plenum an
over each Of the departments. which is
composed of the ten members, including
a Vice President.
The administrative department compris-
es the six following sections:
Home affairs, finance, control, military
matters, public worship and instruction,
agriculture and public works.
Each of these sections has a Senator at
its head, besides which two Senators are
deputy heads -of the home affairs and fl
nance sections! the vice president and noe
of the members of the administrative de-
partment have no portfolios.
The plnum of the Senate is composed of
the president and all the senators, or, ac-
cording to the nature and importance OF
the business in hand, of four Senator's
from each department, besides the presi-
dent.
All cases are decided by majority of
votes, the President having a casing vote
should there be an equal division.
In the sections of the administrative de-
partment the head Senator alone. or his
deputy, decides as to the resolutions TO be
taken on the report of the referendary
secretary or of the controller.
The Procurator General has the right
Of being present at the sittings of the
Senate, without, however, voting or tax
ing part in the deliberations. He Is ap-
pointed by the Emperor. as is also his
deputy and assistant.
The Senate has permanent committee
for the preparation Of projected measures,
working under the guidance Of a Senator,
appointed by the Senate. for each Iegisla-
tive measure with which the committee
IS charged. The plenum of the Senate
the members OF the committee
for a period OF three years.
The Estates Of the country. assembled
at the Diet, represent the nation.
They exercise. conformity with the En-
peror and Grand Duke, the legislative
power.
They vote taxes; they have their share
in settling financial questions.
They govern. they supervise. and con
troI. through their delegates, the work OF
the State Bank Bank Of Finland
They give their opinion on adminiStra- |
tive projects submitted b. the Emperor |
for their consideration
They have lhe right % petition. u which /
they generally make use III order % ask /
for measures emanatlnE from the govern /
mental power; but they may olso. By Pc |
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