davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The oasis., 1899-07-01
NAPoLEoN's VALUE OF VICTORY.
It Finds Striking Counterpart In Recent
 World Triumphs.

Napoleon knew well the value of a victory. After Austt rltz the world seemed his. Fame invited fortune favored, everything stimulated his aspiring ambition. With growing power he gathered the fruits of vic torp. And so has it ever been. Sue cess succeeds. A notable Illustration Of this truth Is furnished by the great victory won at the Worlds Fair in '93 and the California Midwnter Fair iu '94 by Dr, Prices Cream Baking Pow der. Ever increasing sales and popu. larity have been the result The reo. pie have promptly ratified the oili.ial verdicts that declared Dr. Prices, fer leayening power, keeping qualities, purity and general excellence the foremost baking powder Tn all the world" Quite as quickly as the great emperor do they know the value Of a victory that means worldwide su- premacy.
The oasis., 1899-07-01

W NJ. Gallagher, of Bryan, Pa., says: "For forty years have tried various cough remedies. One Minute Cough Cure is best of all" It relieves instantly and cures all throat and iCrg troubles |. " Miv S Gc
The oasis., 1899-07-01
To The Public

NoGALEs, July 1st 1898. At Q meeting of the Nogales fire department 1t was decided that the department observe tue Fourth of July, and a committee was appointed, of which J. s. Mix is chairman, to solicit funds to defray the necessary expense Of celebration.
 uU RFr-y ~t,s.o
The oasis., 1899-07-01
PIMA COUNTY

Citizen: Dave Hughes received From Washington this week certi- 'ticate of merit from the government which entities him to S2 per month during his natural life This is re- ward for serv ces in the field on Cuban soil. The autographs of President Mckinley and Russel A. Alger appear on the document of fifty volunteers. Seventeen went to the Rough Riders.
 Star: Lieut.. Chas. B. Drake, of the Fifth U. : cavalry, now stationed at San Juan, Puerto Rico, has been or dered up for examination for promo tion. This will be an item Of interest to the many friends of Mir. and Mrs. Drake, nee Jacobs. in Tucson and elsewhere. Mir. Drake stood sixteehth In his class over a hundred at West Point, which shows him to be young man of more than ordinary intelli- .gence.
 Star: A com parisOn of average of stemperature taken yesterday in the dining room Of the San Xavier hotel and in the shade outside of the hotel showed temperature Of 70 degrees in the dining room and l02 degrees out side. It generally registers about 7S degrees in the dining room while It iS aO5 degrees outside. It is this fact in connection with the excellent service that makes the Sau Xavier dining room so popular.
 Star: Work on the addition to the plant of Gardiner Worthen X Goss is progressing rapidly. The new build aDg will be used for a foundry, and af- 1er completion, the frm will be ready to make any casting not exceeding 2, 900 pounds. This will save the trouble and delay of shipping castings from Los Angeles and the east. All of southern Arizona and Sonora can Zoe supplied from the foundry Itwill be ready for operation the latter part sof July
 Citizen: Billy Brown, family, and Mrs Udall, who have been spending several days in the Santa Catailnas, returned Sunday afternoon and re-. port having had an excellent outing. While in the mountains the camp was invaded by bruin, majestic spe- u'imen Of tbe mountain fastness where .gold, silver, copper and other precious anetals exist. The bear came and Billy and all his guard turned out in full uniform, fully armed aud ready for the fir y, the battle occurred aud Rhe poor old bear escaped. But Billy Brown is hunter of the old school; without having tired shot he sue sceeded in killing a great, big bear. It happened in this way: The bear in- 'gaded the camp and in order to main tain his reputation as bear hunter Billy purchased bears hide a.d had 5t sent ahead of the hunting party, the story being that Billy had eclipsed all of his former efforts with the rifle. The story leaked out, but Billy still .aolds to the theory that he killed the Bear although old hunters claim the hide is at least six months old. We nave hunters, and Billy Brown is one among them.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
DEWEY ACCEPTS HOME.
Peoples Bestowal Is as Welcome as Il

feOple'S beStOWal Is as Welcome the
Sword Voted by Congress.
WASHINGTON, Oct. Admiral Dewey
has elected to accept house in Wash
lngton, already constructed, instead of
having one built for his occupation In
compliance with the invitation of the
committee which has in charge the
Dewey home work, he called at the Of
fee of Acting Secretary Allen in the
navy department. in indicate his prefer
ence in the matter Of residence.
The admiral was officially informed
OF the purpose of the people of the Unit
ed States to present him with home in
Washington. He frankly expressed his
qualification at the tender, which he
Immediately accepted. He said, had
the proposed home been the gift of a
few wealthy men, he should feel indis-
posed to accept it. But he understood
the fund had over $4,000 subscribers,
indicating that the home was really to
be the gift of the American people, and
as such he would accept twith as much
pleasure as he had the sword bestowed
upon him by congress.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
NO EXCITEMENT IN LONDON
News of Kruger's Ultimatum Causes Little
Surprise In British Capital.

LONDON, Oct. 1.-THE stolidity, if
not the placidity, of the English charac
ter never was better shown than it is in
London now, when England is face to
face with war. The audacity of the
Transvaal dispatch momentarily
stunned the public, and it was only
under the glare of the music hall lights
and listening to the stirring bars, of the
national anthem and other patriotic
airs, that the effect of the momentary
rebuff was lost in demonstrations that
shook the rafters
The first minister to speak publicly of
the ultimatum was Lord James of
Hereford, who, speaking at Aberdeen,
said: "The government has done every.
thing in their power to preserve peace.
However, diplomacy is ended and the
hopes OF peace are virtually destroyed,
and that not by the action of the queens
government. President Kruger has
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
STILL NO YACHT RACE.
Dense Fog Prevents Boats From Leaving
Their MOorings.

Dense Fog Prevents Boats From Leaving
Their Moorings.
NEW YORK, Oct. l1.-Hard luck con-
tinues to pursue the big single sticiaers.
On the three days last week when the
yachts made attempts to sail, light fluky
winds left them stranded on the course
when the time limit expired. Yester-
day fog bank prevented them from
even leaving their mooring buoys inside
the spit of land which forms Sandy
Hook almost at the lower part of the
bay. This was the most dismal fasco
of all. City and bay We're done up in
gray clothes of impenetrable mist when
the yachtsmen tumbled out OF bed to
get look at the weather, and there was
gloom and dismay along the water
front. The old salts shifted, saw the
mist wreaths and shook their heads,
Nothing doing on the ocean," was the
verdict. But the weather bureau, with
its scientific methods, had predicted
winds. Of course the poor, misguided
public went like lambs to the Slaughter.
They backed Uncle Samuel's weather
oracle and put to sea. But not in such
numbers as last week. Many of the
sightseers who witnessed the three
iukes, at an average cost per fuke from
S. to $25, had lost their interest and it
will take race to restore it.
Each side is still confident, but it
must be admitted the hackers of the
green boat are showing the most hope.
They say they know what she can do in
heavy weather. It only required three
days Of drifting to convince them that
she was just as good in light airs. The
whole Shamrock contingent is happy
one and there is no one to begrudge
them their pleasant moments.
The Columbia people are not un-
happy by any means. On the contrary
they still confidently assert that of
course the cup stays.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
FARMERS CONGRESS.
Report of the Committee on Resolutions
Officers Elected.

Report OF the Committee on Resolutions
Officers Elected.
Boston, Oct. 1.-THE delegates to the
Farmers National congress were re-
ceived by Governor Wolcott at the state
house yesterday. The congress, on
closing its business session, heard re-
port Of the committee on resolutions in
favor of asking government assistance
for the merchant marine, requesting
congress to suppress imitation butter
and cheese by making them subject to
state laws, requesting congress to sup
press false brands on dairy packages as
to the place of production, in favor Of
state laws for state aid for rural educa-
ton, recommending farmers tc urge the
national congress to act favorably upon
measures adopted by this congress.
recommending to the state the
necessary steps to investigate bovine
tuberculosis with view to securing
better means Tor the eradication of the
disease; i'll favor of congressional legis-
lation on inspection of export grain by
commissioners of agriculture; in favor
OF increasing the tax on oleomargarine
to 10 cents per pound, and favoring con-
gressional aid in unjust freight discrim-
nation.
These officers We're elected: President,
H. P. Hoard, Fort Atkinson, Wis; Sec
retary, John M. Stahl; treasurer, L. Van
Morrison; executive committee, B. f.
Clayton of Iowa, 7. Q. Slaughter of
Texas, E. L. Furness of Indiana, D. G.
Whttimore of Nebraska and E. f.
Whelstein of Kentucky.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
Kansas City Live Stock.

KANSAS CITY, Oct. .-Cattle-Receipts.
1880; supply most western; best grades kill
ing and feeding steers, steady; inferior slow to
l0c lower heavy native steers, $5.2Og6 Is
light weights, $4.55G5.5O; stockers and feeders,
s3.l09450; butchers cows and heifers 49, lOG
4.5O: Gamers, 81. .35(G3lO: western steers, S3 25
9570; Texans, s325g3.S0. Hogs-Receipts, IA,
500; slow packers ruled &c higher heavy, 81. 80
@440; mixed, s4.40(s45O; light, s4.4OG455; pigs,
s4.3Gg4.45. Sheep-Receipts. 4.3OO all grades
active, steady prices; lambs, $44O(9475; nut
tons, ,s3.35(ga75; stockers and feeders. s8OO(9
400: culls S225(a3.OO
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12

CHICAGO Oct. 0-Cattle-Receipts, 5000:
there was the usual quiet Tuesday demand for
cattle; choice droves We're steady, but com
mon and medium grades We're weak and slow
of sale; good to fancy cattle sold at s5.9O97 90 ;
commoner grades at $4.5U95.S5 stockers and
feeders brought s3.0O(94.90; bulls, cows and
heifers, s2OEa5.25; Texas steers, $32Ot94. 80; ;
rangers, $3OOg5.l0, and calves, s4.O0g7 co.
Hogs-Receipts, 2,OOO; most grades Of hogs
We're in good demand at about steady prices {;
concessions We're made in some cases: heavy
hogs sold at St.0595.75; mixed lots, s4.35tQ4 rs
light at s4.aOG4.75: pigs brought s3.9094. 70; ;
and culls, sl.5N9400 Sheep-The demand for
sheep and lambs was poor and prices averaged
l0gl5c lower; sheep sold at $20093.0O for com
mon and $3.9OG400 for prime wethers, western
rangers bringing $3.25(639O; lambs brought
s350g4.0O for common lots and $5.OO0525 for
the best, western range lambs bringing s4.5OQ
bO0
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
Otis Hears Another Plot,

MANILA, Oct. THE archbishop of
Manila has notified General Otis that
there was plot on foot to burn the res
.dences of the governor general and the
archbishop, together with several gov
.rnment buildings and banks, but the
blot failed to materialize, possibly be-
cause Of display of force.
Continued success can come alone
from merit. DR.. Sawyer's Wild Cher
ry and Tar is steadily increasing in
sales because it is the best cough rene
dy on the market. w. A. Hamler,
Extra; j. F. Luse, Ross.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
DEWEY IN HIS HOME STATE.
Admiral Is the Guest of DR.. Seward Webb
at haJ

Admiral Is the Guest of DIR. Seward Webb
at Shelburne, Vt.
SHELBURNE, VT, Oct. 11.-Admral
Dewey is home at last and is happy to
be within the shadow of the Green
mountains and beside the waters of
Lake Champlain, away from the noise
and hustle that has filled his ears since
che flagship Olympia came in sight of
Sandy Hook. The fact that the ad-
miral was really in Vermont was sig
nailed last night on tall mountain peaks
by bontires and electric searchlights
from one end of the state to the other.
Admiral Dewey is the guest of DR.. w.
Seward Webb, at his magnificent coun-
try residence at Shelburne Farms, and
will not become the states guest until
tomorrow at the capital, Montpelier.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
Notify citizens to BE Prepared.

NEWCASTLE, Natal, Oct. IA tele-
gram received from the government
says that war with the Transvaal will
probably begin tonight The premier
felt it his duty TO warn the people. A
public meeting was held and it was de-
cided to leave the matter in the hands
OF the corporation. Ex-Premier Es-
combess who is a pro- Boer, spoke reas-
suringly, stating there was no immed-
late danger: that he anticipated no
harm from the Beers and no panic, the
people leaving at their own discretion.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
EXTRA, IOWA; THURSDAY, OCTOBER IL, 1899. ST.

sent an ultlmatum. II we We're TO with
draw our troops at his bidding we
should suffer the greatest humiliation.
and the government would deserve to
be hunted from office as craven towards.
Nothing remains but to commend our
course to the god of battle and arms
and to implore his blessing upon the en-
gagement about to be entered upon."
1t cannot be doubted that England's
reply will be a fiat refusal, and at 3:15
this afternoon an actual state of war
will exist. Fridays cabinet council will
have to deal with the military situation
and parliament will have little else to
do but 10 sanction the necessary crealUs.
AS the British troops continue land
ing in South Africa and advancing to
the front, it is possible, according to the
terms OF the Boer ultimatum, that hos
tilities have already begun, as Kruger
has everything to gain by an instant
advance. Until the arrival of the army
corps it is believed the British will re-
main on the defensive.
Looking at the complicated nature Of
matters, it is almost useless to speculate
at the present stage, but sharp fighting
is likelyto occur at Mafeking, where
Colonel Baden Powell is pluckily hold
ing his exposed position.
AS the generals have decided not to
hold the country north of Dundee the
Boer will eoubtless occupy Laing's Mex
and advance along the railroad toward
Dundee and Glencoe. These places,
however. feel quite safe against Boer
attacks.
Rumors are current at Durham that
the Beers have commenced shooting
the natives at the mines and that many
bodies have been seen on the veldt.
A mysterious distribution of Mausers
is occurring at Steyanboro and other
Dutch districts in Cape Colony. A
meeting of Cape Colony Dutch has
been held at Sterksstrom, in which it
was decided to ask the Cape govern
ment for arms, and in the event of re-
fusal to apply to the Free State.
Two scouts from Lobastsi rode Is
miles into the veldt Sunday and found
the Beers forming camp near the Tuli
river. The scouts were observed by the
Beers, who gave chase and pursued
them for two miles.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
Ex-City Treasurer Eunk of Pueblo MUIR
dered In the Street.

PUEBLO, Col, Oct. II. = Ex-City
Treasurer G. L. Funk was shot and
killed by a highwayman on Ell Paso
avenue yesterday when going to the de-
pot to take train for Cripple Creek,
where he was engaged in mining. His
pocketbook was taken, but it contained
only small amount of money. Mr..
Funk was 3S years old and was one of
the leading mining men of Pueblo.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
sout Omaha Live Stock.

SOUTH OMAHA. Oct. 0.-Cattle-Receipts,
$500; steady; native beef steers, S4750
@6lO; western steers, s4.20(94. 80; Texas steers,
s3.75(G4.4O; cows and heifers, s3.5094 10; can
ners, s2.25(g325; stockers and feeders, s35OCQ
ATS; calves, S45OG6.75; bulls, stags, ETC., So 80
Obs Hogs-Receipts, 1900; strong, closed
easier; heavy, S4.25G4.371a; mixed, s4.32}5sQo
of sales. $4.SOlg4871s. Sheep-Receipts, $500
strong, closed lower; yearlings, s3.SU(94OO
western muttons, S3.65G3.9O: stock sheep, s3.4G
93.10; lambs, S4ONq475
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
WHEAT PRICES LOWER.
Increase in Visible and Enormous Pr

INcreHSe III VIsiDIe anu EnOrmOUS Pri-
mary Receipts Cause Decline.
CHICAGO, Oct. lO.-Decidedly lower quota
tions from Liverpool and heavy increase in
the visible supply made wheat heavy today
and caused a decline of 1atassc at the close.
Corn was firm and closed lslg14c higher. Oats
closed shade higher. Provisions closed a
shade to 719c lower. Closing prices:
WHEAT-Dec.. 721s97214c; May, 751149759ac.
CoRN-Dec. Bo3sc; May, 3l54@3lzsc.
OArs-Dec., 2223sc: May, 24ssc.
PoRK-Dec., $3.50; jan, S9.70.
Russian, s50712.
LARD-Dec., s5.42la JAN, s5.571a.
Cash quotations: No. red wheat 72]lc
No. spring wheat, 6607O1ac: No. corn, SlssGe
SIC; No. oats. 22s4@231<c.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
DIR. Beardsheai's Errand East.

AMEs, Ia, Oct. 10.-Dr. w. NJ
Beardshear, president of the Iowa State
Agricultural college, left yesterday for
Lake Mohonk, N. Y, to attend the an
nual meeting of the United States In
dian commission, Of which he is a
member. The principal question to be
considered by the commission is the
dissolution of tribal relations.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
Mason City Carnival Closed.

MASON CITY, Ia, Oct. Saturday
closed the most successful street carni-
val yet held in the state. The attend
ance reached at least 10000. The city
was full and running over. The floral
parade was repeated and was beautiful.
The travelling men had the day, and
their parade was one of the best events
of the carnival. Financially it was
big success, every reward being paid.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
BRYAN at Des NIoines.

DEs MONIES, Oct William J.
Bryan arrived in the city last evening
from Webster, where he has been for
three days. He says the reports of his
illness were exaggerated, but he does
not feel entirely well. He will resume
speaking today at Winterset.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
To Welcome Iowa volunteers.

DIES MONIES, Oct. 11.-Adjutant Cen
eral Byers said the Iowa party going to
San Francisco to meet the Iowa regi-
ment is now complete and everything is
in readiness for the start today. There
will be 20 in the party. The regiment
is expected in San Francisco Tuesday
or Wednesday next.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
England Buys Delagoa Bay.

LONDON, Oct. lit is reported that
at the coming session of parliament
formal announcement will be made of
the cession of Delagoa bay and the sur
rounding territory in Portuguese East
Africa to Great Britain. The price is
said tc be Is, ,UUr.vz:-zz.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12

Funeral of the Late Ex-senator Harlan.
MT. PLEASANT, Ia, Oct. 9.-The fu-
neral of Hon. James Harlan will take
place this afternoon at 2 O'Clock from
the college chapel. The services will be
conducted by DIR. Q. L. Stafford, late
president of the college, and DR.. Blakes-
lee, the present incumbent.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
Want McKinley TO GROSS bx DAY.

DEs MONIES, Oct. 1.-THE Repub-
lican state central committee is making
an endeavor to induce President Nc
Kinley to make daylight trip across
Iowa SO as to give the people along the
route chance to see and greet him. 1t
is thought the change in plans can be
offantad
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
Missionaries for India.

DUBUQUE, Oct. 11.-Rev. Homer
Wroten, pastor of the Grandview Ave-
nue. M. E. Church for the past two
years, will leave for India shortly to en-
gage in missionary work. Twelve other
young men who have been accepted will
accompany him,
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
Receiver is AppIied For

DEs MONIES, Oct. 1O.-The attorney
general has applied at Waterloo for
receiver for the Equitable Mutual Life
association Of that city. The last an
nual statement showed the company's
assets $75,717.59
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
massachusetts Republicans,

BosToN, Oct. THE Republican
state convention nominated the follow
ing ticket: Governor, W. Murray
Crane; lieutenant governor, John L.
Bates; secretary of state, William NJ.
Olin; attorney general, Hosea M.
hnowlton; auditor, John w. Kimball
treasurer and receiver general, Edward
s. Bradford
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
IOWA HAPPENINGS.
Rider Thrown to His Death,

Sioux CITY, Oct. 9.-Frank Stuggart
of Missouri Valley was thrown in
running race at Smithland, Ia, and
crushed to death under his horse.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12

Iowa CITY, Oct. 9.-Marshal Scott
Wilson and Deputy Sheriff Ezekiel
Clark arrested four tramps here this
afternoon on the charge of robbing the
postoffice at Ladora, Ia. Postmaster
Seydel of Ladora arrived tonight and
identified the goods in possession Of the
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
Bryan,s Illness Not Serions.

DEs MONIES, Oct. 10.-Secretary Q. a.
Walsh of the Democratic national COM
mittee wires from Ottumwa that the
illness of William Jennings Bryan is
not so serious as reported. Mr.. Walsh
says Mr.. Bryan will resume speaking
today and keep all his Iowa dates, COW
ering the next ten days, and then go to
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12
DESPERATE STREET DUEL.
Dominick OMalley and c. Harrison Parker
Open Up Deadly Fusillade.

Open Up u Deadly Fusillade.
New ORLEANS, Oct. ia desperate
street duel occurred in front of News
paper Row, on Camp street, yesterday,
in which Dominick @. O'Malley, pro-
prietor of the Evening Item, and well
known promoter of sport, and Q. Harri-
son Parker, state tax collector and edi-
tor-in-chief Of the Delta. the antilot-
terry organ, were seriously if not fatally
wounded. The trouble is said to have
originated over a cartoon in the Item
last Saturday representing Colonel
Parker as little dog being led by Gov
ernor roster and labelled "Me too.''
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12

South African Republic Warns English
Government 1t Must Cease It's Hostile
Preparations at Once-Radical Charge
In Transvaal Situation.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1899-10-12

Americans Enter Rosario, Meeting With
Slight observation-disclosures Upon San
Francisco de Malabon Is Continued.
Our Casualties.
Bryan morning eagle. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1898-1909, 1899-08-19
CLOUDCR0FT.

Cloudcrort is in the newly Or
ganiEed county or Olero, n. NJ. D.,
one hundred miles north Of FL
Paso, Texas, on the summit Of the
Sacramento mountains. II is at
the terminus of the Alamogordo e.
Sacramento railroad. Having an
altitude of 5000 feet above sea-leyel.
it commands a magnificent view of
the surrounding country. On the
north, White mountain is covered
with snow the greater part of the
year. rearing his hoary head 1900
feet high; on the west the white
sands Of the Tularosa valley, which
constitute the most wonderful for
nation in New Mexico and pre-
scnting an appearance not unlike
white pillows rolling in from the
sea; and on the south and east
boundless forests OF spruce and pine
swaying on the hills and in the
valley below, all taken together
form a scenery unsurpassed for its
magniticence.
The climate Of the Sacramentos
is simply superb. II is not excell.
cd by that Of any other region,
The atmosphere is cool and .nvig.
Grating and absolutely free from
impurities.
AS evidence OF the excellence OF
the climate Of this region Of New
Mexico, il is only necessary TO STATE
that the United States government
after careful investigation of all tn,
country in It's vast domain besl
adapted for a marine sanitarium
selected Fort Stanton.
Write 10 Il. p. Turner, Genera
Passenger Agent 7. & p. railway
company, Dallas, Texas, for full
information regarding rates, SEIZED
ules, chair cars, sleepers, etc.