The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10

WA
the subject Of the Chinese term for God was
r,oroover presumption on his part In the impo-
rial eves 10 offer any opinion on tho question.
inasmuch as the Emperor had traced with his
vcrmillion pencil statement 70 the enec' thaa
T'ien was understood by tho Chinese 70 % DOM
,he material heaven and the supreme God These
differences In China were reflected at Rome ana
Clement Al appointed loeate to Sctue tho az
ferencos between tho oontending menonaroA
Kanghsi was annoyed that viHtor snouio %
appointed. when he the Emperor, was there 70
snn.rint.nd The conduct Of the Fsthora Never
thelcss, he granted the Legats Charles Maillard
De Tournon an interview. and treated him with
courtesy. During tho audience however, the
Jesuit Father Peretra who was In attond-
anoc. showed by approving gestures hss
the Emperor's address had boon dictated By him
self and that tho soone had been organized rather
Al an exhibition OF the Fathers tnducnce than
as compliment 10 thePope or 70 his representative
Tho Lors.e soon discovered that tho friendly ez-
pressions used by Kangha 81 this interview
were merely porfunctory. and that an occult
influence was boang exercised against him. The
Emperor had promised him Q house al Peldn.
and had prepared gifts for presentation 70 Che
Pope but on one excuse OF another, tho houss
was never conveyed, and the gifts woro mover
sent To the religious difficulties was added,
presently, another subject Of controversy. u
camo TO the knowledge Of the Logato thas The
Jesuits were in tho habit of lending MONEY 10 the
natives at q rate Of interest which, In Europe
would be considered usurious, but which, in China.
was less than the extremelogal rata The Josuits
considered that they were moderate In changing
twenty four per cent, when native mouoylondors
were entitled TO receive thirty-x from thu source
of profit thus temporarily turned to account 10
was alleged that the three Jesuit houses es The
Chinese capital derived an annual income q
$50, 900 taels This profit II was further asserted
was nothing In comparison with that which they
drew from the commerce in manufacturer wines.
clocks and from other industries, by which those
Fathers amassed enormous treasures which
rendered them richer in the Indies than tho King
Of Portugal" These statements caused the
Legate to issue Q decree denouncing tho money
lending Of the Jesuits as unworthy Of Christians
and ordering the suppression Of all dealings II
the kind.
The Legate soon found that Che Jesuits were
too strong for him He had 70 look on whno
Bishop Maigrot and his allies wcro summoned
TO Pekin and after the form OF trial, adiudgod
by the Emperor in person guilty Of disregarding
the sovereign decision with reference TO tho term
for God The Bishop and others were sentenced
10 be exiled from the empire as turbulent and
disordery men. No European was 10 DO allowed
70 remain In China unless he had letters petent
from his Imperial Majesty, and everyone coming
after the date Of the decree TO be present him
at Pekin and TO apply for such letters The LeGoto
now perceived that nothing he could do would
mitigate the Twill Of the Emperor OF tho cnmity
Of the Jesuits He showed defiant spirit by
ordering all missionaries who should present
themselves at Pekin in accordance with The decree
Just mentioned "to give distinct negative ON all
the questions which formed the imperial test 70
abjure all the rites ond observances which the
Chinese law enjoined and TO declare the incom-
patbity Of all these doctrines and practices with
the Christian law" Initiated by This oppoaition
| 10 his decisions Kanghsi sent two Jesuits to
| Rome 70 make known 70 the Pope the unfortunate
effect of he quarrels Of the missionaries upon tho
| affairs OF Ele mission Meanwhile, he banisbed
the Logate to Macao there 70 await tho return Of
| the envoya On arriving at his destination, Do
| Tournon was virtually put under Arrest no ono
being allowed TO visit him without the authorize
| ton Of the Portuguese Governor.
To the influence Of the Josuits at Peln Che din-
solution Of their order, following the expulsion Of
| II from France, Spain. Portugal and Naples.
could not but deal fatal blow. There lis no doubt
however. that during Q century and . hall tho
Jesuts conferred great bencfts ON the Chinese and
wcro in truth. the precursors Of those who desire
| 70 effect the assimilation Of Western science by
| the Middle Kingdom. As surveyors architects
and engineers, they did much useful work and, by
the books which they translated they opened the
door for the admittanoe Of Western learning into
the schools Of the country. Gerbillon and Bouvet
translated geometffcal troatiaea Thomas
taught tho people algebra, Brocar In
strusted them in the arts, and Pereira in music
The portrait Of Oh ienlung d7S5-17o6) was painted
90 successfully by the Jesuit Attiret that the En-
peror was minded TO confer upon the artist tho
distinction Of q Mandarns button
We have dwelt at some length upon tho pages
davDtAd II, he hwH H. 10.
tho Middle Kingdom because tho subject In dis
cussed much moro fully In this little book than
in tho much larger work by Boulger We presume
that Nj Douglass is largely indebted to Jonkins's
"The Jesuits in China
Nv.
After rocounting in his Last chapsar the princi.
pal incidents OF the war between Japan and China
and the territorial oessions which the Pekin Gov
ernment has been subsequently, constrained 70
make TO European powers the author
sets forth tho policy which he thinks
England should pursue In tho interests
OF China which he believes TO be indisttnSuiRh-
able from her own Tho policy Of throwing open
the whole coast line 70 trade In. In Me Dougiasfs
opinion, tho only ono which win secure the Coles
tL Empire against further mutilation- He
points out that by the favored nation clause, NO
power can acquire any rights at the frosty ports
which arc not shared by all the sienatorina Any
attempt 70 grasp at exclusive privileges On the
part of any one nation at any treaty port would
he met by the united opposition of tho Other sR.
natorcs and 1t follows that in tho proo-
ent helpless condition Of tho Pekin
Government and the known greed a
certain European nations, the only cnr-
tain means Of defence that tho empire poasaases
Is 10 open the largest possible numbr Of treaty
ports, and thus minimize tho opportunities for
dismembermeut Mr.. Douglass re1uinds u that
since Frnnoe occupied KwanEuhoW Bay ON tho
Lienchow Peninsula In Kwangtung. the Chinese
have opened no fewer than seven addi-
tonal ports These Yoohow on The TunE1inR
Lake, Funing Flu the coast Of Fuhkicn, Chin
wang in the Gulf Of LiAotune, WusunS near
Shanghai and three ports on the West River
above Canton. Mr. Douglass like Lord Charles