davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1899-03-04
HOW STONE N THE BLADDER
Was Removed Without a
Surgical Operation.
This Case Was One of so Much In
terest Because of its Severity
That it was Known for
Miles Around.
Below Will be Found an Interesting History
Of the Case Written by Mr.. Bailey
Himself.


Himself.
A sense OF profound gratitude and
JOY prompts me to write this letter.
I bad suffered for ten years with kid
ney and bladder trouble. Last August
| was taken with terrible pain in my
| kidneys which extended to the blad-
der. The urine that / passed, after
standing awhile, became thick and
ropy,o or muddy; left quantities of sedi-
ment in vessel, and gave me great
agony to void it. Upon advice of my
physician / finally consented to go to
the Hospital at Raleigh. When | got
there the chef surgeon examined me
and said it would be necessary to re-
move the stone from the bladder by a
surgical operation. This he admitted
was dangerous, owing to my age and
feeble condition. / decided if | mu t
die / would go home and die with my
family. After / returned from the
Hospital in a respondent and almost
hol eless state of mind, / took your
certificate and pamphlet, sent with
the sample bottle of Root, and
went to a kind and wise friend and we
read the circulars, and discussed my
symptoms aud the chances Of my re-
covery, should / submit to an opera
ton. We decided to try your medi-
cine, and if no relief after a thorough
trial to risk the knife. After taking
the sample bottle l bought six large
bottles of your Swamp-Root and used
it according t. directions. And about
Feb 9th, to my great delight, the
stone seemed to crumble; / began to
pass small particles Of gravel stone,
and on that night l passed the one
enclosed, about the size OF a large pea.
l continued to pass these PARTICLES and
to improve until today, under Gods
Providence through your Swamp-Root
treatment, my life has been spared.
Had | chosen the knife treatment !
fear l would have been in my grave,
or at the best, lingering in the Hos
pital. Iregard your Swamp-Root as
the most wonderful medicine for blad-
der and kidney troubles in the uni
verse, and wish l could tell all who
suffer as l did, the relief and happi-
ness it has brought me. | expect to
continue its use occasionally to keep
my kidneys and bladder all right, and
shall tell all I see in the condition /
was, how easily they can find relief
by using DR.. Kilmer's Swamp.Root.
What | have written can be sustained
by prominent people of this place. I
will answer letters of inquiry if
stamps are enclosed for reply.
JAS. X. BAILEY,
Feb. Sth, 1899. AUBURN, N. {.
Swamp.Root brings sunshine and
gladness in every home it enters. 1t is
the new discovery of DR.. Kilmer, the
great bladder specialist. 1t is not
recommended for everything but il
you have kidney or bladder trouble If
will be found just the medicine you
need. At druggists in SO cent and
81 90 sizes. You may have a sample
bottle of Swamp-Root the great kid
ney, liver and bladder remedy and
pamphlet telling more about it free
by mail. Address DR.. Kilmer & Co..
| Binghampton, N. Y.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1899-03-04
LOCAL CORRESPONDENCE


Sunshine again.
Mrs. Adrian Billmyer is able TO pe
out again.
The snowdrifts move very slowly
from the road.
Mr.. Abram B. VanMetre, who has
been very ill the past week, is no bet.
ter.
Mrs. Chas. Payne and son, ]. Burns
Payne, Of Leetown, were visiting the
family Of Mr.. Corban Tabler last week
DIR. 7. McSherry sold a COW last
week from the farm now occupied by
Mr.. Jos. Siler to Mr.. George Showers
for $50. a very good price for a COW.
EL-BE-Es.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1899-03-04
Notes and m

No more gingle of the sleigh bells.
If March comes in lamb-like, what
next?
Man proposes, imposes and
the court exposes. Poor man!
The time for a mar to marry is al
ter he is thoroughly equipped; the
time for a girl is anywhere between
sixteen and death.
Running ahead Of time, eh? Did
you ever know us to be tardy? Call
endars cut no figure with Rail-. He
is somewhat like a postage stamp,
sticks to one thing till he gets there.
In a visit recently to Williamsport,
Md, we we're surprised to see num-
erous improvements among which is
some valuable dwelling houses in
course of construction in many places
In the town. At the tannery there is
quite a nice village of good, substan-
tial houses with dry goods and gro
Gerry stores adjacent and well filled.
In our peregrinations through the
principal part OF the town we came in
contact with our esteemed friend, Mr..
+. w. Downs, who was very bhsily
charging and improving his proper
ty. His smiling countenance and
gentlemanly deineanor is always at
tractive, but at this time we thought
he was in excellent spirits, although
he did not impart to us that he would
be compelled to purchase a double-seat
buggy for the use of his twin boys
who had Just arrived. Success to you
and the little boys, BIO. Downs, but
don't you believe it would be better to
take a trip to Gettysburg in prefer
ence to the fishing ranch along the
Potomac?
Recently we were presented with a
DGLlllOu iiOul ODC vi oR11QOh oAo
trict's sturdy farmers which is to be
placed before the Hon. Judges of the
county court relative to a pike road
from this city TO GreensbuTg. To this
our signature was added under a pro-
test. Under all circumstances this
pike should extend to Scrabble or Bill
myers Mill. A trip over the road at
this time would convince the most
skeptical that it is needed badly and
there should be no necessity for hun
dreds of persons to sign this petition
TO convince a few of how important
good roads are. For more than a half
century this road has been worked
upon at intervals, and at present Is
almost impossible. The moment you
cross the dividing line between Berke-
ley and Jefferson counties a vast dit
ference can be seen in the construc-
ton of the roads. One looks like a
pike with solid foundation, while the
other is filled with mud holes and
deep ruts, 1t is very evident where
you see good roads you fad enterpris-
ing farmers, and they should be en-
c~ouraged because the whole commun-
ity lives from that which is the pro-
duct of the farm. Put down the pike
gentlemen and don't wait for petit
tions. Time is passing swiftly.
RALF.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1899-03-04
$1.OO a Year.
II. 8 CUsHWA.

From this date the cash price
of the Herald will be one dollar
a year. This is not a reduction
of the subscription price but a
discount for cash. Those who
do not pay in advance will be
charged the regular price, 81. so
a year
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1899-03-04

Walter Duff and Paddy McClusky
got into a fight over a game of cards
in a gambling house in Warrington,
Saturday night, when Duffy shot Nc
Clusky, badly wounding him.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1899-03-04

The West Virginia Internormal Or
atorical society has fixed upon Park
ersburg as the place and April 7 as
the date of the contest for the Wilkin-
son prizes open to the students OF the
State normal schools.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1899-03-04

The intercollegiate oratorical con-
test among the institutions of West
ern Pennsylvania and West Virginia
will be held at Thiel College in April.
The State University and Bethany
College will send representatives to
contest.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
CASE ARGUED ON APPEAL.
From Judge Jones Decision on Votes
Certified for w. P. Taylor.

Frankfort, Ky, Nov 24.-The Court
of Appeals will render decision tomor-
row I'm the Nelson county contested
election case, in which 1893 votes. en-
roneously certified for W. T. instead OF
w. s. Taylor, are involved. The lower
court granted mandatory order for the
county election officers to dissolve the
injunction and the case was appealed
and argued before the whole court today.
Goebel's attorneys moved to dissolve the
injunction on the ground that the court
had no Jurisdiction. The decision will
have am important bearing ON the final
settlement of the glIbefnatorial mnddle
as it is likely to embrace a full review
not only Of the scope Of jurisdiction OF
the courts, hut also as TO the powers OF
the State election commission. The lat
ter body has set no time for its meeting
to officially canvass the returns, hut it Il
understood that meeting will be helG
for that purpose either Tuesday or We'd
nesday.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
AGRICULTURAL BULLETIN.
The November Number of the Depart
ment Periodical Just Out.

The November Bulletin of the State
Board of Agriculture is just out. 1t
contains this month number of articles
that will he of interest and profit to
farmers and stockmen The leading ar
ticle of the number is contributed by
Prof. b. w Kilgore, State Chemist on
Cotton Seed-What Shall We Do With
Them?" Prof. Kilgore gives an eXhaus-
tive and practical treatment of his sub
iect Some Of his conclusions Will doubt
less be matters of surprise to the aver
age reader. He says, for instance,
'vrhat / pound Of cotton-seed meal is
worth as mach as IA pounds of corn on
corn meal for feeding beef cattle and
milk cows, and that when corn Us worth
40 cents pen bushel, ($14.20 per TOM
cotton-seed meal is worth $3.50 per tom
for the above purposes"
DIR. Cooper Curtice, State veterinarian.
has papers ON ''Cattle Quarantine, /"
lettering the Family Cow and Blood
Tells i'm the Cow.
Prof. Gerald Mccarthy contributes
seasonable articles ON the Sam Jose
Scale Asparagus Rust" 'Plant Lice, "
Grain Weevils," and either pests.
The curator of the museum announces
that he wants pair of large North
Carolina bears for mounting and offers
10 cents a pound gross to az nimrod
who kill and ship them in such way THAT
they may arrive in good condition.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
WOMEN SWOON AND DROP
ONE SCREAMS AND FALLS BY
TIHB COFFIN.
OVER 1900 VIEW BoBART's REMAINS
Many More Would Have Seen Them Had the
Time Permitted. Ths Crowds Were
Largely Made Up Of Women of
Am c.J r.oLon
All Social Grades.

New York, Nov 24.-The scenes at
Carroll Hall this evening when the re-
mains of Vice-President Hobart were
living in state and the public was given
an opportunity to view him, We're excit-
ing and pathetic. Long before two
o'clock. the time announced for the open
ing of the doors of the Hobart home to
the public, the crowd began to assem-
BILE and when the first rush toward the
main entrance began, fully 1000 people
were crowded into Ellison and Carroll
streets. Lines were formed by a squad
of police but the force was entirely too
small to maintain any semblance of or
dor. Women were largely in the major
ity. They included all classes-from
those in Mr.. Hobart's social class to the
street beggar, and all were given the
same opportunity to take n last look at
the face of one they had learned to
esteem. Many of the women carried
infants.
As the throngs filed into the hall, lead
ing to the library, the excitement In
creased Women tainted on the porch
and at one time half dozen lay in
sensible ON the lawn. They We're re-
vived and all, with the assistance Of
kind of excitement was not confined to
the outside. At the coffin there was a
fainting scene woman about twenty
years old, after gazing on the face of the
dead Vice President, stood at the coffin
as though transfxed. Then she screamed
and fell forward into the arms Of a
policeman. She was placed in a chair
and revived with n glass of ice water
brought by a member of the Hobart
household.
ii was estimated that fully $4,000
persons saw the remains in the four
hours they were exposed to view. Thou
sands more would have seen them if the
time had permitted, but the doors OF
Carroll Hall were closed promptly AZ
six o'clock
Ii was remarked by those who had
known the Vice President that the face
had lost it's pleasant roupilness and
was very thin, showing that he had suf-
fered much
The personal pail bearers are:
Attorney General John W. Griggs,
Edward Bell. General Joseph w Cong
don, Colonel W. l.. Barber and General
T. Baker all Of Paterson; Franklin
Murphy and j. Franklin Ford. Of New
ark and e. A. Walton, Of Ridgewood,
" j.
The pail bearers from the Senate are:
Senators Sewall, Keane, Mcmillan.
Daniel Frye, Fairbanks, Hanna and
Cockrell
The pail bearers from the House OF
Representatives are;
Representatives Henderson, of Iowa;
Gardner. of New Jersey; Parker. OF
New Jersey; Joy. Of Missouri: Hepburn,
Of Iowa; Dalzcll, Of Pennsylvania: Me-
Clellan, Of New York, and Rixey, OF
Virginia.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

6 :; f; If Z & 6. ? s': q:
OF themselves"
GAR >: &c: s5 e. !; i : rs. Is.
things If we
take care of the small things we are in
effect taking care of the large things
which the small things combine to make.
That is the philosophy of the old finan-
cial proverb, and its application is as
broad as human life
Take care of what you eat, when you
eat, and how you eat, and your stomach
will take care of itself. But who takes
care of such trivial things? That is
why, son1eday, the majority of people
have to take care of the stomach. When
that day comes, there is no aid so effec-
tive in undoing the results of past care
1essness as DIR. Pierce's Golden Medical
Discovery 1t strengthens the stomach,
and restores the organs of digestion and
nutrition to a condition of healthy ac-
tiyity. 1t cures biliousness, heartburn,
flatulence, Indigestion, palpitation, dir
illness, cold extrer1ities, and score of
other ailments which are but the sytnp-
toms of disorder in the stomach and its
allied organs.
If you are sick you can consult DIR.
r. v. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y, by letter,
free of charge. Each letter is treated as
sacredly confidential, and an answer is
promptly sent in plain envelope with
out printing or advertising upon it.
u was troubled with very frequent headaches,
often accompanied by severe vomiting, writes
Miss Mary Belle Summerton, of San Diego,
Duvai Co., Texas My bowels were irregular
and my stomach and liver seemed continually
out of order. often could eat almost nothing,
and sometimes absolutely nothing for twenty
four hours at time. was entirely unit for
work and my whole system seemed SO rundown
that feared a severe sick spell and was very
much discouraged. l was advised to try DR..
Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery aud did so
with such satisfactory results that before finish
ing the third bottle felt perfectly able to under
take the duties attending public school life, and
contracted to do so. most heartily advise those
suffering with indigestion, and its attendant
evils, to give this great medicine fair trial
Use only Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets
with Golden Medical Discovery" when
a laxative is needed.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
CHAMBERLAIN'S PAIN BALM
CURES OTHERS, WHY
NOT YOU?

My wife has been using Chamberlain's
Pain Balm, with good results, for a lame
shoulder that has panied her continu-
ally for nine years. We have tried all
kinds of medicines and doctors without
receiving any benefit from any of them
One day we saw an advertisement of this
medicine and thought of trying it, which
we did with the best of satisfaction.
She has used only one bottle and her
shoulder is almost well--Adolph L. Mil.
lett. Manchester, N. III. For sale every
where. Bobbitt- Wynne Drug Co, and
FL. L. Hicks, Druggists, Raleigh.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
Judge snodgrass May Run.

Knoxville, Tenn, Nov. 24-In an in
terview today Judge Snodgrass intima-
ted that he may be a candidate FOR
United States Senator. He said:
IF | do run / viii feel sure of election
| will not otherwise run and will expect
no forlolm contest with anybody"
This declaration is considered here as
a sure sign that Judge Snodgrass will be
in the race for Senator Turkeys seat.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
THE APPETITE OF A GOAT.

Is enyied by all poor dyspeptics whose
Stomach and Liver are out of order.
All such should know that DIR. Kings
New Life Pills, the wonderful Stomach
and Liver Remedy, gives a splendid APP
petite, sound digestion and a regular
bodily habit that insures perfect health
and great energy. Only 25c. at all drug
stores.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
The Postal Was First.

Mr.. w. ]. Crews, manager of the ros-
tai Telegraph Company sends the News
and Observer the following mote:
II see an article in your today's issue
saying that the Westerns Union Tele-
graph Company was the first to comply
with the order to paint poles. This is a
mistake. We painted our poles three
days before the Western, then loaned
them our brush to paint theirs. Please
correct .
We make the correction with pleasure
The Postal has long been noted for dts
promptneSs.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
Asheville Bank Cases.

Orders have been entered by the Un.i-
ted States Circuit Court of Appeals at
Richmond in the cases of Dickerson VS..
United States and Breese vs.. United
Stntes directing the clerk of the United
States District Court at Asheville, N.
c., to transmit forthwith all the original
testimony taken and ON file in the said
District Court to this court
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
Paid Workmen to Demonstrate.

Paris, Nov. 24.-In the High Court
(Senate) today several witnesses in the
conspiracy cases were heard, to the effect
that the Royalists paid workmen to
make 4 demonstration October 18th. A
number of slaughter men belonging to
the In Nilette abattoirs, testified that
they received five francs head from
the Royalist Committee to shout give
Lance" the day President Loubert was
elected.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
Total Bank Clearings.

New York, Nov. 24.-The total bank
clearings in the United States for the
week were $1,S74, 397 ,029; per cent in
crease AL.
Exclusive Of New York $703, 643, 907;
per cent increase 46.1.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

FOR SALE. - A DEMOCRATIC
Newspaper-the only paper published
at the county seat in a county in
North Carolina OF some 10000 inhab-
itants-in town of I,200 inhabitants.
A good paying business to the right
man. A good job office outfit in com
nection with paper. The present edi-
tor and proprietor wishes to retire from
the business. Terms cash or time
with good security. Apply to "R,
care of News and Observer, Raleigh,
N. G. 16-2w.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

The President has decided that it
will be impossible for him to 20 to
Nashville Tenn, to greet the Tennessee
volunteers upon their arrival from the
Philippines.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
"sEIlF PRESENTATION

Is the first law Of Nature" For this
reason everyone who is i'll desires to be
come well. Those who Lave impure or
impoverished blood turn to Hoods Sar-
saparilla, because they know it will en-
rich and purify their blood and give
them good health. To take this medi-
cine on the first appearance of impure
blood is an important step toward self
preservation.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
WANTED.

WANTED-ALL KINDS OF STRAW,
Pea Vines, Fodder, and Ear Corn;
market prices spot cash; will have 70
head good, cheap, work horses and
several heavy wagons for sale. AT
Fair Grounds, Raleigh, n. O.. at any
time after December 4. Sun Brothers.
11-23- At o
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

FOR SALE-OyER FIFTEEN HUN
bred barrels of best seed Irish pota-
toes. second crop. Clark's Early Rose,
Red Bliss, Triumph, and White Bliss
varieties. Now is the time TO place
your orders for the spring planting.
also have a large quantity of the best
varieties of lettuce and cabbage plants
for sale. n. b. Dawson, Conetoe, n.
G.. 1-1-1900.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

WANTED-AGENTS TO TRAVEL
or do local work in your own town
selling some new quick selling publi-
cations. Write at once and secure ter
ritory. Wake Pub. Co., Raleigh, N. G.
s1O-31-tf.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

Two of the Molineux jurors were dis
charged yesterday on account of physi-
cal disability and one more juror was
accepted.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
NOTICE TO CITY TAX PAYERS.
NOTICE.

will expose for sale at Roxboro,
january 1st, 1900, the Moore mill prop
erty ON Flat River, Person county.
Amy one wishing to see the property
will cali ON the undersigned at Mt
Tirgah, n. G. Terms II months with
interest from date. bond and good Sc
curity November 20, 1899
SIDNEY MOORE, Agt.
For Mrs. M. E. Moore.
Nov. %, 1899. 1w-tds
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

that our exclusive designs in high ait
card signs are silent statesmen for holi-
day goods. Chas. +. Bullock, Hargett
street, Raleigh, n. G.. 24-3t
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

WlANTED--A PHYSICIAN TO LO-
cate in a thrifty growing Town, good
location. For further information,
address, l. w. Duke, Franklin county,
Youngsville, n. G. 24-6f.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

TEN CENTS WILL PURCHASE A
package of pure Purple Moments, =
at Registers.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

BranSOn'S Agricultural Almanac for 1900
CENTENARY EDITION BRIGHT
EST, SAFEST, BEST. Price 10 cents
per copy; go cents per dozen. Sent per
mail, $3.50 per one-half gross; $500 per
gross, with business cards printed on
back. Order of
LEVI BRANSON, Publishers,
Raleigh. N. G.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

Even the deaf mute is able to hear
money when it talks.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

WANTED TWO TELEGRAPH IN
struments for use in the Commercial
University. Call at school-room Sat
urday, in Pullen building. 1921 If
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
One Cent a Word.

no ADVERTISEMENT TAKEN
FOB LESS THAN % CENTS AN IN.
oERTION. CASH MUST ACCOM-
PANY ORDER. SPECIAL DIS
COUNTS ON LONG CONTRACTS.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

WANTED-TWENTY GOOD GING-
ham Viewers at once. Starting 80
new looms. Weavers in families pre-
ferred. Apply to Hope Mills Manu-
featuring Company, Hope Mills, North
Carolina 142w.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

DO YOU LIKE BLACK WALNUTSg
Try lei Captain" bonbons-a combina-
ton OF black walnuts and chocolate,
at Registers.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25
MISCELLANEOUS.

DUGHI CAN RENT YOU AN ELE-
CANT silver service for your reception.
2t
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

BANANAS ARE SCARCE, BUT
Dughi has them just the same. IT.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

WANTED--A POSITION AS BOOK
keeper. Address, NJ. j. c., Walter,
Wayne county, n. G. 21-4t
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

WANTED-A SECOND HAND UP
right piano. good condition. Address,
y. J. j" care News and Observer.
11-23-2t
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

ITALIAN CHESTNUTS, FINE TO
eat or to dress turkeys, at Dughi's.
1t
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

DON'T ASK WHAT SORT OF FAN
cy cream he makes -order what you
want. Y.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

Hoods Pills cure sick headache, indi-
gestion.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

WE WANT COMPETENT, EXPER-
ienced statesmen, commission or salary,
permanent position. The Merchants Oil
Co., Cleveland, o.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1899-11-25

FRESH FIGS AND DATES, AT
Dughi's.
Dughi's. 1t.