davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.

The compulsory education law in In
diana forced 80 zoos children into school
in 1885, II cost $35.544
In Pennsylvania there are SGT school
districts in which the schools are open
only half the year.
DR.. Rogers. of the Northwestern uni
versity says that there are II bogus
degree-conferring colleges" in Chi
cago.
In consequence Of the great popular
ity of the new courses in Russian and
Chinese at Client the Belgian govern
ment has decided to establish similar
courses at Liege.
In Russia the minister of public in
struc,ion lately informed the superin-
tendent of public instruction in Mos
cow that, in view of the difficulties Of
procuring a sufficient number of teach
ers in French for the mems colleges. he
proposes TO employ women.
During the four years ended in June.
1898. the number of schools in Penn
Sylvania increased from 24.541 to 81.
BAT. and the number of teachers from
26,241 to 280SO. The estimated value
OF the school property is nearly $780,
100000
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
HIS MIND WAS RELIEVED.
"Oh, My! Oh, Myi Wasn't Scared
Was Jnst Hit" Said the
Gla- Soldier.

A surgeon relates that before Santi-
ago, he (the surgeon), going to the
front, came upon young officer. sit
ting beside the road, trembling like a
leaf, and whittier than the dead men
around him. At sight of the surgeon
he began TO talk, says the San Fran
cisco Argonaut.
"I'm a coward, I'm a coward, I'm a
coward" he said; 81 knew I'd run. and
| did. I'm disgraced forever. l was
going along all right, not thinking of
anything but getting at the dashed
Spaniards, yelling to my men to come
on, and running ahead as fast as l
could, when all of a sudden l stubbed
my toe, or something, and then l can't
remember being scared, but | must
have been, for came galloping back
here, sick as a dog. I'm a coward, and
l wish l were dead! Why don't some
body shoot me? I've got such an awful
goneness right here" and he put his
hand to his stomach.
The surgeon gave him a quick look
and caught him as he plunged forward
in faint, Where the awful gone
ness vas Mauser bullet had found its
billet. They carried the wounded man
to the field hospital, and he chuckled
all the way: "Oh, my! oh, my!" he
said, over and over; 81 wasn't scaredl
! wasn't scared" And then he would
laugh delightcdly: 81 wasn't scared
was hit was just hit. amt cow
>rd after nil I"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
"MARKED DOWN"
eb'+ Wise shopper Knows just How
TO Take Advantage of This
Situation.

The phrase marked down" has great
fascination for women. This is not dis
creditable to their hearts, for while
one-tenth may hunt bargains. hoping to
shine thereby in finery they could not
afford at first cost, the other nine
tenths are merely straining their
nerves a little more in the effort to
make their husbands earnings go even
further, and provide yet more literally
Tor him, home and the children. saws
the Gentlewoman.
But women's hearts often play sorry
tricks with their heads.
There are many kinds of bargains. !"
Some are real. Many are spurious.
Merchants are human and therefore
fallible. They are in business to make
money for themselves, not for your ben
elit or mine. just remember this when
you go bargain hunting.
Discriminate.
Take advantage of the mark down on
goods you need that are worth buying
Let all others alone, il you truly wish to
be economical. The greatest reductions
in price generally are on pronounced
styles that are rapidly going out Of
fashion and will soon be noticeably odd
and out of date.
Buy as cheaply always as you can
buy good qualities. But don't be mis-
led by grandiloquent statements into
buying poor goods at any price, and
when a tremendous mark down"
stares you in the face be sure there is
some excellent reason for the drop in
price. Perhaps the reason does not pre-
vent the article being a good bargain
for you. Often the reason of the reduc-
tion is one that makes the article no
bargain for anyone.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
INDUSTRIAL ITEMS.

Sunfower seed are imported from
Russia.
Cuba has LEGO sugar plantations and
1900 tobacco fields.
Sales of American horses to Mexico
now reach 100000 annually.
The highest wages received by mill
hands in India is $3.50 month.
There are about 100000 pairs of
gloves imported into this country each
year.
The theaters and music halls of Lon
don give employment to about 100000
persons.
The United States patent Office re-
ceives in fees $1,250,OOO year. There
are about 10000 applicants for patents
each year.
Nearly 10000 olive and fig plants have
been planted in various parts of the
United States.
Tortoise shell, as it comes to market
from the West Indies, is coarse, dirty
and lusterless, and only the most skill
full and patient manipulation makes it
the rich and beautiful material that it
eventually becomes.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
PAVING WITH STONES.
II Can BE Done with Good Effect oa
All Farms Where the New Ma
teriAl Is to De Found.

Since 1t Is practicable for cities to
purchase cobble stones for paving
streets and cutters. IL seems plain that
such material would be just as useful
on the farm where in many instances
1t may be had for the hauling. The
fact is that small-sized stones IL right
~ placed form most excellent sur
face material for places which become
soft in winter from driving or tramp
ing. Especially for a hillside road
which washes into ruts after every
rain, l know of nothing better than the
stone pavement.
To lay 4 pavement Of this kind. one
must resolve to do the work carefully
and as thoroughly as he can. II right
ly done there will be no unpleasant jar
to the vehicle when driving over it.
The foundation or under surface should
be solid. Use very little II any loose
earth on which to lay the stones. Aft
er some practice il will not particularly
matter whether the grade is perfect
or not. II there are low places like
to utilize these for the larger stones.
When paving a roadway place the
larger stones in the center and the
smaller at the sides. There is a knack
Of laying the stones which is not cas-
lily described, but Is readily acquired
If one is willing to experiment patient
ly. The stones will be of various shapes.
A stone twice as large as the first is
good size. The stone should be rsth-
er long or oval. The best position is
to set the stone on the end. The next
best is to set on the edge and the worst
is to set II fiat on the side. They should
be disposed so that each stone YOU
lay will help to keep into place the
ones behind it, and when the job is done
you can walk over 1t without disturb
ing any stone you touch. After the
work Is done spread just sufficient
gravel over it to fill the crevices and
no more. Clay may be used as sub
stitute, but gravel in some respects IL
better.
We have used stones for paving horse
stalls with good results. Rather small
er stones than the above should be
used, and they should be selected
as to size. More care should be taken
TO prevent irregularities in the surface,
and if any stone protrudes slightly 1t
should be driven down with a sledge
hammer. Go over the newly-Iaid sur.
face with hardwood scantling placed
on edge, and struck with a sledge or
maui. Use fine gravel or earth as be-
fore. No doubt it would be still bet
ter to cover instead with a layer Of
cement. In this case the floor would
probably be as good as the cement
floor. but at less expense because Of
less cement. We have laid stone pave
ments at all seasons of the year. and
had we the stone in abundance we
would use they in preference to gravel.
National Stockman.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
HAIRPINS FOR VICTORIA.
A Christmas Present That wn. Ctxsn
by the Little Daughter CT
Emperor William,

One Christmas present which caused
intense delight was received by her
majesty last year from the tiny daugh-
ter of Kaiser William. Il was q box Of
hairpins Of the value Of about a quarter
dollar The little princess was taken
by her mother. the empress, to a shop
in Berlin and told TO buy grandmamma
. present, and also to buy something
that she wanted for herself. In order
to accomplish this object the princess
was given gold piece of % marks value
(hve dollars). First, she bought herself
a doll, for which she gave 10 marks. Her
imperial mother did not interfere.
Then she bought grandmamma of Eng
land the hairpins for the remaining
mark out of her 20, and felt proud and
generous. The emperor of Austria al
ways sends the queen of England
case or two OF a certain brand of very
costly, very rare Tokay, and ought
not to forget, by the way, that the Ger
man emperor follows his grandfather's
example of sending his English grand
mother case of Johannesburg, the real.
genuine Johnannisberg, as valuable al,
most as the elixir Of life. The Russian
emperor for the last year or two has
sent the illustrious lady, who. thanks to
his marriage, has now become also his
grandmother, malachite and jade vase
to match the magnifcer, malachits
vase which his father, Emperor Alex
ander I'LL, presented to the queen In
1887.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
COMPLIMENTS FOR ONE ONLY.
4 New York Club Woman Proven That
she Has Humor by Telling
Joke ON Herself.

There is one New York club woman
who has a sense of humor. In fact. TO
be on the safe side. there are several
who have a claim" in that direction.
says the Sun. But not all Of them are
able to sense the joke when II happens
to be on them. This woman, however,
has this ability and proves it by telling
this story about herself:
AT, one time" she says. I'VE had
oolored butler who stayed with us for
years, and who admired my husband i'm
mensely. He thought that DR.. Il
was a marvel of manly beauty, as we'll
as the embodiment of all the virtues,
domestic, professional and otherwise.
OF course, quite agreed with the but
Ter on this point, but the fact is, some
times pined to have him pass his en-
thusiastic compliments around to the
family, and not bestow them all on the
doctor. So one morning. when DR..
H had just left the breakfast table,
and was even then TO be seen, an impos-
ing picture, as he stood on the front
steps drawing on his gloves, remarked
to James:
DR.. H is handsome man, isn't
he2"
Yes, ma'am! Deed an he Is,
ma'ami' with gratifying enthusiasm.
Then, hoping to get a rise from
James, added with an absept-minded
air as il | scarcely knew what | said
but was just uttering my inmost
thoughts:
How in the world do you suppose
that such handsome man as DR.. Il
ever happened 10 marry such a holnely
woman as ami
We'll, James just stopped short and
rolled his eyes and shook his head az
II he gave 1t up. Then he calculated:
Gawd knows, ma'amI'"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
A MISERY COUNTESS.
One of Roumania's Old Mobility Who
Though Immensely Rich Lived
In SqualoF.

The bucharest correspondent OF the
London Daily Mail says that most
extraordinary character lately died in
Jassey, namely, Countess Balsch. one OF
the last of the old Roumanian nobility,
all titles, except some few compli-
mentary ones, having been abolished
since the declaration Of independence
after the Russo-Turkish war.
The old countess, although extreme
ly rich, was an inveterate miser, and
hardly spent a penny. except in de-
tending a lawsuit which her only
daughter. widow and an extreme in
valid, who had incurred the countess
displeasure by marrying without her
consent had started against her, claim
ing but 800 francs monthly to live on.
On this she spent thousands until the
death Of her unhappy daughter at
hospital In Paris brought the case TO
close.
When the authorities entered the
dead countess dwelling 10 take posses
sion of her property, they discovered,
secreted in numberless impossible
places, no less than 100000 francs. a
quarter of million being in Napoleons
and ducats. While making a final in
ventory, they found, hid in bundle Of
old moth-eaten curtains, a box contain
Ing another 10000 francs. so that the
entire amount left byAthis extraordi-
nary woman amounts to 1,65O.0Oo
francs.
Numberless little cheap note books
were also found, in which the eccentric
being had noted down every half-penny
spent. Some books devoted to her law
expenses were headed: Cost of proc
ess against that beastly and poisonous
serpent, my daughter"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
THE SPANISH WAY.
In Which a Heavy New Orleans
shipper Was Mulcted in
Havana.

speaking about the way the Span
iards are running the Havana custom
house" remarked one of the represent
atives of large firm of New Orleans
shippers, according to the Times-Dem-
ocrat, "Pll just mention a little Incl
dent Of our own experience there a
couple of months ago. We had taken
over small cargo and were being bled
in fashion that would have disgraced
q Malay pirate, when l happened to be
looking over the bill for extra charges
supplementary war tariff they
called it-and detected an error in ad-
dition Of about six dollars. It was a
small matter, but as long as we were
dealing with robbers l concluded to de-
mand all could and called the matter
to the attention of the chief inspector
He took the bill and returned correct
ed copy next morning. 1t contained
two new items, one of nine dollars for
revision of the list, as per request, and
one of $3.50 clerks fees, for making
new copy; total, $3.50. That repre-
scented net loss of $3.50. was so mad
that | couldn't see straight, but all the
satisfaction | got was to pay the bill.
This is no fairy story, but cold fact,
and the documents to prove it are in the
safe right now"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
UEN9 J
FARrlaG.,ARDEN.
=, 4 h. !. ns q 81 ip3aS71S
TEE CORN KERNEL.
Its Chemistry Explained In "A BuIIe-
tin Issued by the Illinois Ex.
pertinent station.

Bulletin SO of the Illinois Expert.
ment station treats of the chemistry of
the corn kernel. In part it says:
BY mechanical means the corn kernel
has been separated into four different
parts These may be designated (see
cut as a, the coat. or hull, of the kerr
mel; b, the hard glutenous layer un-
derneath the hull much thicker at the
sides than at the crown; C. the chit, or
germ, and d, the starchy matter con-
Stituting the chief body of the kernel
The germ is about IL per cent. of the
kernel, but it contains nearly twice as
much mineral matter and three or four
times as much oil as all of the rest of
the kernel. The germ is also rich in
protein, but the chief part of that con-
Stituent is contained in the glutenous
layer. The hulls and starchy portion
Of the kernel consists largely of car
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
RAG TIME.
A Popular Negro Phrase of the Day
That Had Its Origin In Span
Ish Music.

What is rag timer the enthusi-
Rstic artist was asked, according to the
Baltimore Sun.
We'll, the extensive literature on this
subject will explain it best. Now,
here's a rag-time primer" At this
Juncture he produced big piece of
sheet music with the picture of
young man looking very unhappy in
dress suit. This young fellow"
pointing to the picture and reading,
claims to be the original instructor
to the stage of the now popular rag
time in Ethiopian song. The author
guarantees to teach anybody who can
play the piano bit how to play in
rag time. The preface says rag time
Tor negro dance tlme) originally takes
its imitation steps from Spanish mu-
bic, or rather, from Mexico. where it
is known under the head and names Of
llabanara Segudilla, etc, being moth
ing but consecutive music, either in
treble or bass, followed by regular time
In one hand. In common and two-four
lime the quarter note of the bass pre-
cedes the melody In other words, 1t
is what the musicians call syncopation,
and. this syncopa'inn, and this change
Of accent in the accompaniment, IS
kept up continually in the same way
IS the beat of a snare drum.
This method shows the pupil how
to play rag-time accompaniment to
any piece. Here is even an arrange
ment of Old Hundred. Annie Laurie
and the hymn. Come, Thou Fount OF
Every Blessing Wonderful. isn't III"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
SOMETHING NEW.
How Some People Follow Every
New Fad.
But the Majority Prefer That Expert
ments Should he Tried Upon
Somebody Else,

Somebody Else.
Some persons are always 30 anxious
for something new that it Is astonish-
ing they still continue to eat plain
bread and butter. They have always
thrived well on beef, eggs, and pota-
toes; but somebody writes an article
for scientific journal, and attempts
to show that these foods are neither
AB cheap nor as nutritious as some
other kind of food. Therefore, some
persons drop this standard diet and
take up whatever some young scientist
directs. We cannot understand this.
When anything has been thoroughly
tried and tested, and found in every way
satisfactory, why do some people per-
sist in running after some new-fangled
notion? Take cod-liver oil for in
stance. It has been used for two
hundred years with most marvellous
success, and in a large variety of
complaints. Its success has been no
greater in the past than it is to-day.
More skillful methods of preparing it,
and emulsifying it flor it is generally
acknowledged that it should always be
given in the form of an emulsion),
gives assurance that its future Rse is
bound to be even far greater than
ever.
And yet some people talk about q
"substitute for cod-liver oil -! Sub
Atitute? Why. it is almost laugha-
bic. 1t certainly would be so, were
the question not such a serious one.
There can be no substitute for cod
liver oil, for there is nothing at all like
it known to medical science. When
Scott's Emulsion of Cod-liyer Oil with
the Hypophosphites has been used for
over twenty years, and when thou
SANDS have testified to its curative
properties, is it not strange that any
one would think of trying an expert
ment with some new preparation of
cod-liver oil? When you know you ara
safe in taking SCOTS Emulsion, is IL
not too risky business to try something
new? Do you think SCOTS Emulsion
could have stood these twenty years,
and have larger sale to-day than ever
OOAOA ~ list1i
Where do vou suppose these substi-
tutes, which do not contain a particle
OF oil, will be twenty years from now2
And whore will all the fancy prepara-
tions, as the various wines of cod-liver
oil, be at that timer 1t is perfectly
safe TO predict that before they are
half a old as Scotts Emulsion is, they
will be forgotten. Do not allow your
selves to be experimental upon, be
satisfied with the best; and take Ad-
vantage Of twenty years of ever iU
ereasing prosperity.
Ecott's Emuision contains more pure
Norwegian Cod-livoT OH than any othsr
onulsion In the world. that will stand
The test Of true ~ hsing psrfsst IN
ASparAbls emulsion AJAX your dSctaA
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
CUT1iNG up HOGS.
Not Many Farmers Know How to DO
This Neatly. ENuedItiOusIy and to
the Best Advantage.

For cutting up the carcass of hog
should be laid on the back. upon q
strong table. The head should then
be cut off close by the ears. and the
hinder feet so far below the houghs as
not to disfgure the hams. and leave
room sufficient for hanging them up;
after which the carcass is divided into
equal halves, up the middle OF the back
bone, with cleaving knife, and, If
necessary, hand-mallet. Then cut the
ham from the side by the second JOINT
of the backbone, which will appear on
dividing the carcass. and dress the
ham by pairing a little off the flank, or
skinny part. so as TO shape 1t with
half round point, clearing off any top
fat which may appear. Next cut off the
sharp edge along the backbone with a
knife and malet and slice off the irst
rib next the shoulder. where there Is
a bloody vein. which must be taken out,
since. If il is left in. that part is apt
to spoil The corners should be
squared off when the ham is cut. The
ordinary practice is to cut out the
spine or backbone Some take out the
chine and upper parts of the ribs in
the first place; indeed almost every To-
cality has its peculiar mode of proceed
ing.-Wes.ern P'cwman.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
Burning of Muck Soils.

1t is frequently found that muck
soils, even after the most careful drain
ing, are still unproductive. The fer
tilizing matter which they contain is
in unavailable condition for plants. A
common practice in Ireland and in Eu-
ropean countries is to pare the surface
and after drying to burn the organic
matter. This practice OF burning has
been condemned as eXhausting the soil,
but without good reason. The burning
should not extend more than 12 to 16
inches, and it destroys very little avail
able food plant. 1t is recommended as
one of the quickest methods of putting
muck soils into condition for the
growth of crops.-Drainage Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31

burlap Is stretched before 1t. A few
crosspieces are laid across the corner
at the curtains upper edge. and on
these is piled lot Of waste hay. max
Ing a very warm roosting place. The
Leghorns delight to fly upon this hay
and lay their eggs. under the impress
sion that they are stealing away their
nests Humorng a Leghorn in this
way is conducive to laying. and the
eggs can easily be reached. As the
whole thing can be put up in five min
utes' time, there is no excuse for FROST
ed combs on the Leghorns.-Webb Dom
nell. in Orange Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1899-03-31
FACTS AND FIGURES.

In very clear water sunlight may
penetSate to depth of over 1900 feet.
The bones and muscles of the human
body are capable of over 1,200 differ
ent movements.
A human body, when cremated,
leaves residuum of about eight
ounces.
The greatest depth to which a ship
has been anchored is 1000 fathoms-
considerably more than two miles.
The rural youth and restaurant fire.
quenters of this country ubricate
their cakes with 29,OOO,0OO gallons of
molasses.
The heart of vegetarian beats, on an
average, So to the minute; that of the
meat-eater, 70. This represents diff
ference of 10000 beats in "a hours.
The order opening the streams of
Porto Rico to free fishing and abrogat-
ing the custom of granting exclusive
privileges ought to be worth some
thing in an island that rejoices in l.400
streams. .
A wealthy collector of autographs in
Chicago is offering, through the Amer.
lean Press, to pay 100000 for genuine
Shakespeare autograph. AS there are
only seven known to be in existence.
and even three of those have had doubts
cast upon them. he is not likely to sue
coed. The British museum is credited
with having maid over 2 O0O for itS
Shakespeare autograph. Not that this
price is a record one. Two letters of
Mary Queen of Scots, written just be-
fore her execution, cost an English col
leotor e A On0