davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1899-07-23
SHARK MEAT NOW A FOOD.
MEAT EXTRACTS MADE FROM THE
FLESH OF SHARKS AND WHALES

THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION STUDY
ING THE SUBJECT SIMILAR PREPARATIONS
MADE FROM CRABS AND sHELLFIsH
Washington correspondence Of The Boston
Transcript.
The not N Of making meat extracts on a
commercial scale from the flesh OF sharks ana
whales is so extremely novel that eNceptlohai
interest attaches to study which the Uhilei
States Fish Commission has been making OF
this subject Several factories have recently
been established in Europe for this purpose ana
already their products coming on the mar
ket in an appetizng shape. Indeed 1t IS as
serted that in taste they closely resemble the
well known beef preparations have no naVor OF
FISH whatever and that they afford an eXcelleht
basis for soups. In Aberdeen the Norman COM
panv is utilizing in this way large quantities OF
whale meat which hitherto has gone TO waste
In Sweden they are making nutritious eA-
tracts from sharks flesh, which Is chopped up
into very small pieces and stirred in a vat with
distilled water the mixture having the con
sistency Of thin Cruel From 1t the liquor Is
drawn off. and the oil which the latter contains
is removed by passing ii through a centrifugal
APPARATUS after which 1t is boiled and uttered
the clear fluid thus obtained being evaporated
in a vacuum until il reaches the consistency OF
molasses Salt for navoring and sugar for pre-
serving are added the product being put UP
finally In sealed Jars
New-York tribune., 1899-07-23
DlyGERS or THE BOIS DE BOULOGyE.

From The London Globe.
According 10 one OF the most respectable or
gans Of the French press. the condition OF ths
Bois DE- BOulOgne leaves much 10 be desired
our contemporary affrms that the insecurity or
.ho Bois is now notorious and that cases OF ROB-
berry are getting increasingly common. People
who drive are in perfect safety. for the footpads
have wholesome dread Of attacking carriage
defended by coachman. and maybe fOotman
as well. not 10 speak Of the Partisan who now.
II appears usually carries revolver Tor ms
personal protection in these trOublous times.
But people on foot are constantly being at
tackled and these robberies occur even IN broad
daylight
Not long ago "A lady walking in the Bois was
stopped by a rufiian and stripped not only or
her valuables but also Of some ~ her clothes.
and the thief disappeared down side path al
most before she had recovered from her fright
sufficiently 20 cry out. Everything combines 10
give the footpad impunity There are only
thirtv-three park keepers for the whole OF the
Bois de- Boulogne. and that the police are un-
abl. % keep order was shown by the piIlage of
tho cafe d'ArmenOnville after the races at Long
champs The promised lighting up OF the hols
al uightfall viii be advantage when IL IS
carried out. but the number Of keepers should
be increased during the daytime. as the locaIty
is one which the thieves have discovered Just
suits their purpose II is the duty OF the Gov
eminent and municipality 10 remove from the
finest promenade in Paris the rcproach ot beng
the Forest Of Bondy OF the nineteenth century
New-York tribune., 1899-07-23

distributed for the best sewing, baking. preserv-
ing and such arts among the girls, and car
pentry wood carving and gardening among the
boys. Last year twenty prizes awarded,
and IT has been announced that the same num-
Der will be distributed this year.
The fortunate ones quite naturally, are radi-
antly happy when they receive the practical
gifts provided for them. but those who fail to
get something tangible as a reward for their
work are consoled and stimulated to renewed
effort by Mrs. Elkins's appreciation. and strive
hard for her favor.
New-York tribune., 1899-07-23

hunt TOO. when ne feels go disposed. Season
after season ne and his mate have patched the
old nest and reared their eaglets in peace.
No one can climb the tree. and no decent
man would shoot at the birds. Should you WISH
the foot OF the tree your nose will be assailed
by a most Objectionable Odor and your naturally
brief inspection will convince you that the
eagles do hunt more than they are given credit
for. Everywhere are fragments OF hsh, WINE
among them are wings and tails when must
have belonged to grouse portions OF hares ana
other fragments suspiciOusly like certain parts
OF lambs sucking pigs and domestic fowls. But
they were not our lambs pigs or fowls and so
no Shot Whistles after the old pirate. who seems
TO understand that he is free to buccaneer TO
his hearts content
New-York tribune., 1899-07-23
MR. CHAMBERLAIN AT SUNDAY SCHOOL.

From The London Chronicle.
Mr. Chamberlain has played many parts in his
time but few people know that he was once
SUNDAY school teacher Some thirty years ago
the right honorable gentleman used 10 conduct
c,ass in connection with the Church Of the Mes
sab in Birmingham. At that time, says M
A. p" which recalls this piece Of biography.
Nr Chamberlain affected a pair Of mutton-chop
Whiskcrs. As a teacher his methods We're oriel-
nal to say the least Though the class usually
read a chapter Of Scripture. and afterward dis
Cussed It's contents, the greater part Of the
afternoon was spent in threshlns out a problem
In natural science. or dealing with period of
historical interest for which a text book had
been selected
In his treatment II secular subjects the Colo
NAL Secretary was above all things. thorough
He had a special liking for Socrauc dlsputa-
ton Fixing his eyeglass and lounginS IN MS
chair he would contradict the most obvious
aXioms for the sake % an argument But why.
my dear fellow" "' and What do you mean by
that nv dear sir?" were phrases that constanty
REQUIRED upon MS lips; and his delight when NJ
had completely befogged man was very eFl-
dent The right honorable gentleman was IN
istent in impressing upon the class their many
duties as citizens and favorite saying OF ms
10 ms scholars was that his religion consisted
IN doing his duty 70 his fellow men, ana pa %
ticularly IL aIleyiaung the lot OF the poOf-
New-York tribune., 1899-07-23
TIE BALD EAGLE AT HOME.
HE CHOOSES HIGH TREE FOR HIS OFFENSIVE
NEST.


Edward W Sands in outing.
An old friend met US. He first showed as
black spot far up on the shore. then drifted
grandy down upon set piniOns tacking in and
out Ike yacht working to windWard. 1t hap
pened he slanting shOreward when he
passed and at forty yards his snowy head and
tail and broad brown fans showed TO fine ad-
vantage. We could the polished yellow Of
his hooked bill and the fierce flash Of his mar
vellous golden telescope eye as he turned 1t
upon us and then back 10 his tireless search
ing OF the water and the wave line along shore
For years this eagle hoary old beach comber
as he is has patroed the shore daily for miles
seeking what the waters have cast up. for be
il known he is not above accepting even car
rion Many dead fish and lost bird he gets
for the trouble of picking them UP, but he can
New-York tribune., 1899-07-23

No town Of its size in the length and oreaaol
,o,d IS prettier and more promising 'nan
O. ~, ,,rg Of Elkins. the country seat oi
-, carator Of that name in West virginia
~ streets are clean, the houses Dul'l o"
49,, rnoaels. are neat and the gardens are We"
ron, For its thriving appearance the oon"y
10 n senator Elkins is in great part reSpoi'S'-
h,a she is constantly encouraging and hei.tF
o''' Oh, ,,1,s constituents. especially the
.,e,,rger n portion. in whom she takes deep IN
,erest and who regard her as SORT ol 'A''
Sodmother the source Of all good things.
Every September Mrs Elkins gives a ie'e III
the mark surrounding her home 10 all the c"'-
aren in town under eighteen, when prizes AZ
New-York tribune., 1899-07-23
GOSSIP OF THE CAPITAL.
SECRETARY HITCHCOCKS INTEREST IN
THE PEACE CONFERENCE

Mr. PUTNAM ADOPTS THE GREEN BAHE BAG
MAX MUELLER MISTAKEN FOR HIS FATHER
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10

Officers and Directors:
EDWIN PLANTA, Pres, Boston, Mass.
HANS KNUDSON, Vice-Pres., Denmark.
THOMAS SEWALL, Sec'y and Treas, Boston.
GEORGE CODE, Boston
MILTON CHASE, Haverhil, Mass.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10

devoid OF any short interest prices gradually
eased on" The European visible supply in
store and ahoat increased 10000 bush. last
month 40 compared with decrease Of 6,p2o.ooo
bush. in the same month last year The weather
In the Northweat was clear and cool and no hot
weather Ia I'm sight. In the extreme North att N.
the temperatures ranged from 81 to ~ aboye in the
Datotas and Minnesota 40 to ca and in lows and
Nebraska 81 to 5 The weather forecast for thirty
warmer Sunday; Missouri cloudy; fair and warmer
Sunday; Michigan, Wisconsin. Minnesota the
Dakotas and Nebraska fair. warmer SUNDAY; Kansas
cloudy, showers south, fair and warmer SundAyi
Colorado wyoming and Montana fair, warmer The
exports for the week were considerably larger than
in the previous week. there was good cash demand
to-day, the Indian shipments were light and there
was some foreign buying. but the cables and the
weather conditions were dominating factors and the
last prices were about the lowest Of the day Corn
declined partly in sympathy with wheat. butfurther
beneficial rains in the corn belt improved crop ad.
vices and lover cables were depressing factors.
Liverpool declined y to Nd. Good rains were re-
ported in Kansas, Missouri, Illinois and Ohio. oats
sympathiYed with the rest OF the list
TLoUR.-Bteady with sales of 100 bbls. Receipts
were $3.50 bbls. and 17Sos sacks. Exports IL .2lo
bbls. AID l HH sacks Winter in bills; Supertne.
81 2oos7.Ss; No eitra 81. toos7 Sos clears % 20
ese. straghts. So 1ooss. so; patents so.hoessIb
Spring in bbs:; Clsars. 80 ooes3lO; straights.
CorroS-spot cotton here was unchanged with
sales OF 100 bales for export and ss1 for spinning:
MidlinS uplands, u T-16c. against b i3-1hc last
yoar; New Orleans and Gulf, 111bc against ldc.
The southern spot markets were unchanged. Mem.
pbit sold !. 90 bA1ss and Augusta, 4S6. Liverpool
declined l.32don the spot with sales of 5000 bales;
futures declipsd to "a points The movementto-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10
COMMERCIAL.

SATURDAY. Sent 0.-GRAIN. - Wheat Spot
was steady. Sales 100000 bushels for export
here and at the outports. No l northern Du-
luth 2lgc. over December l. o. b. anoat; No. l
hard Duluth 54c over; No. l northern New
York &c. over. The Northwestern receipts
were 9l6 cars against 63S last week and l.I29
last year; Chicago lS9 against l1s last week
and 1872 last year Futures closed a to ysc.
lower with sales OF $4,000 bushels. After
Change December on curb was 1850. Prices
as follows:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10

slight decline in coffee to-day was due to increased
local offerings. The demand small. Notices
Tor about 900 bags have been issued since nth
inst in liquidation of sales of September and tho
nlls are arranging to take Of the coffee in the
hope OF receiving high grades AGAINST tenders which
fey expect to be able to dispose Of on to better
advantage because of the recent reports Of
percentage OF high grade coffee in the Incoming
Brazilian crop. as indicated by more numerous Of.
Ter. Or lower grades on basis isc ost of freight
for No. I. as against &c. for numbers 2 and
NAVAL SroREs.-Spirits of turpentinc 46L,a47c
Common to good strained rosin 81 25Ss1.27L
PRoVhIoNs-Lard was steady: Western SIS as:
Continental refined, SEa5. Pork was steady At sac
Sabo for mess. Meats were steady: picked
hams. 8ta &C.. do. shoulders &c. do bellies
4Ra a, TaIlow 1ssc; Dressed hogs. ,dl%S7c.
2o+s ale; state extras. 22c do. frsts 2OitS2I
Che.se-sate; fnll cream. small, colored. fancy III
SllAc:: do. white 1l&al NC. large. colored IlSc
do white "a &c. Fggs-State. Pennsylvania and
western lsl"0 7&r. Chicago Sept. s--'Pruvisions
ruled slightly lower Confirmation OF fever in Mis-.
sissippi caused rather free selling Of pork and ribs
fairly good" "
SUGhR-Raw duh at $3.50. for 9s test and
3'tc for 80 test Refined dun and unsettled
CHICAGO, Sept. 9.-These we re TO davis nricos.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10

bATuRDkT Bent o.
While an unfavorable bank statement to-day
had been looked for. the on that was issued was
considerably worse than expected. A loss OF
$1o.571. 900 in cash would have been still
greater except for q contraction Of $601o. 700
In loans. As 1t was the surplus reserves were
drawn down $8.732.325 to $2.459.o25. A de-
crease OF Sl5.354,700 In deposits was rather
startlingand represented. in the main, Ssptem-
Der interest pawn ents and a reduction in the
balances kept with New York correspon dents
By out-of-town banks. Much money went IN
the week from the banks TO the Federal Treas
ury and . good deal went to the South to move
the cotton CROP The better part OF the total loss
is cash was sustained by four banks. There
was more than usual. for a Saturday. doing
In call money. but the highest rate was
per cent This was not q specially portentous
sign. but on the other hand there was reason
TO believe that money would be active and
relatively high for the present.
There was a moderate decline in stock prices
after tho bank statement made its appearance.
Previously the market had been fairly strong.
The news Of the Dreyfus verdict was not re-
ceived until Just as the mark OF was closing and
accordingly the effect that 1t was to have on
values. IL any. was not made apparent. While
the London stock Exchange was closed BY
reason OF n holiday. there were rather heavy
sales here for London account. presumably In
the expectation OF buying the stocks back on
Monday flower figures. There was another
sharp rise in Tennessee Coal and Iron. The
short interest in this stock, which ia large. APP
pears to be in serious position. There also
was an upward movement in Colorado Fuel
and Iron on the report of deal in which the
company was concerned. Another advance In
Manhattan Railway was attributed to the belief
that the elevated roads might he leased to tho
Metropolitan Street Railway. There was mod
crate improvement in Metropolitan stock.
As compared with the final prices OF last Sat-
urday. the majority Of stocks are lower. The
moro important net declines are In Northern
Pacific. 2h points: Cleveland. Cincln natl.
Chicago and st Louis. IL; American Tobacco.
IL Union Pacific. IA: Louisville and Nash
Vile. Now York Central and Peoples Gas. ~
each: Continental Tobacco and Chesapeake
and Ohio. each New Jersey Central. Rock Is
land. Burlington and Quincy and Missouri ,
Pacific. = each American Sugar Refining and
Chicago Great Western. = each: American |
Steel and Wire. Atchison preferred. Ontario
and Western. Pennsylvania Railroad and
Southern Hallway preferred. !. point each.
The noteworthy advances are in Tennessee
Coal and Iron. 23't points: Colorado Fuel and |
Iron. 10: Metropolitan Street Railway. Az; |
Manhattan Railway. 81; American Steel Hoop. |
2; Delaware and Hudson and L. s. Leather. u |
each. and Federal Steel. y point.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10

pound of liquid air equals in
energy Is to 20 pounds of storage
battery and the use of liquid air
as power being made possible
only by our inventions, consti.
tutes the Liquid Air Power 6
Automobile Co. a practical mon-
opoly, NTH a field and profits
before it neUer before equalled
in the history of finance, min
ing, commerce or Invention.
Early application is advised,
to secure stock at the present
figure of
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10

Government bonds easier. The AZ OF 1928
closed d per cent. lower bid. Railway and other
bonds irregular. The features were Green
Bay and Western debentures B1. Norfolk and
Western As. Southern Railway 5s. Baltimore
and Ohio. Mexican Central, Kansas and Texas.
Southern Pacific and Tennessee Coal and Iron
issues.
5eo. Bar silver In London closed at ~ Slid.
Mexican silver dollars were quoted at 47hc.
Exports to Europe tomorrow $4,000 ounces
Money on call 3l94 per cent. Time money
is quoted at { }. per cent. for four and six
months on railroad stocks: sixty and ninety
ssS TIH snd ssn I'D ~
At per cent. for four. nve and six months on
30 per cent indnstrinls. balance railEoat
per cent for bills receiyabis; acceptances and
prime single nanes: 4'aN05 per cent; other
Foreign exchange market closed steady at
unchanged QUOTATIONS Posted rates are Long
stae S$l SCI. and n' csS i irsns iI s4s7S
ior losl sna IS Z icr shoge
50 re- GRsi Sn For E cns and 46
3-1GG4O 4 for short.
Domestic exchange on New York: Boston
count; selling. 1-l6 premium. savannah
BUYING. 1-16 discount: selling. 75c. premium.
soe san
100. premium: telegram. l2hc. premium.
St Louis-Sl discount. ChicaEo-55c. dis
count; Cincinnati-betwesn banks. par and
25SiOc. discount: over counter. 500. premium.
The weekly statement OF averages OF the
House banks shows:
Dec de-:
Cir'ntn 1890. 800 1907 900 inc. SBb 200
Lg'trp.. 58,6I5.Soo 40 4eb, 500 dec. $500 800
Specie. 1os,oeaaoo 16l.oss, 200 dec. 7.olo.7oo
Resve$221 .e3a 700 $2lI .oea. TOO dec. b7l 900
Re er ed. 2l2,44s.45o 2os,6o977b dec. $3.50. 625
SOrDlus. dec q q
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10

Oats were steAdyIon the spot. Sales 80, 900 bush
No. 2 in elevator. ASH G2bc; No. . white 27ka9ac:
track and ungrRded white. 26t9S2c. Chicago re-
oeived 42h cara. Corn was easy on tho spot. sales
SOC. 900 bush, including 100000 for export here
and at the Outports Chicago received h55 cars
Futures declined 4 to &C. with sales Of so 900
bush. Prices as follows:
Op,ninG H'ahsH. Lowest Cl.Iino. Nioht.
Dec ...... 35ls 35A 8Its abh SSN
may 54tB SEA H4aH S4Al
Wheat was dull aud lower, Influenced by easier
cables, some foreign selling favorable weather and
crop adVices, heavy receipts and expectations OF q
continued liberal movement. Local operators sold
for both accounts. Liverpool declined I'D. and the
Continental markets were easier. The improved
siuAton in the TrAnsvaAl was bsArish factor. The
cable sAidi After the opening to-day traders be-
came rather bearish in their views. owing to
large shipments next week. Tue market being
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10
$500 PER SHARE,

as the price will be advanced to
$500 Per Share on Saturday,
Sept. 10th, and all applications
for stock at $500 must bear date
and postmark not later than
Sept. 10Th, 1899, to obtain ac-
ceptance.
Make C hecks payable to order
of THOMAS SEwALL, Treasurer.
Prospectus on request.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10
The Union Bag & Paper Compnny

pr.,.rroa C.i., ~. CHICAGO. Sept. 7, 1899.
,, Az meeting of the Board OF Director. ~ Thu
ING mon nag Paper Company, held this dsy, il was
III, rsul ~ 81 bnAt dividend of ONE AND fHRFF
e. Gar AN hhS phh CENT. on the preferred can. al
,oCE be declarcd and paid on Moniav. o T. = t.
TO- hh1tuers OF record NJ tho close OF bline-s on
TThhuIsdAy' sept IL. Transfer hooks will rlo1e on
Auur'uAS' sept T. and reopen NJ nday, OCT. =
FhANk MASINENN irrnAnrer
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10
eltetiOus and atlrrtinas.

INhE ANNUAL MEETING OF the stoclhold.rs ~
TIE HORN SILVER AIHISa CoNPIyY For Az
sleouon OF Directors for the ensuing year win ~
G neia !hs once or the Company Salt Lake CatT
O'Clock noon. A. L HARRISON. Sscist.Sy. -
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10
dividends aud Interest.
CONTINENTAL TOBACCO COMPAN
No. II Fifth avenue.

Inry,DrNr NEW YORK CITY. Sept l. 1892
-, DNlDEND OF one and thrssq uArters per "a turn
soc per sentI has been declared on the Prsfsrrd
At the ontces of MANHATTAN TRUsT SoHPANY
"a 40 wen street New York city. on and after tho
ierred stock Of record the compGnys stocI trans
is Tb SooL I on the 18th day OF September 1895.
ne transfer books Of said Preferred Stock will he
closed on sept 10. 1899. at o'clook p M and will
% rsopsned ON Oct. 8. 1879, at 10 O'CLOCK < N A
" II. d. KfNGsBURY, TreaSursr
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10
SHARES ADVANCED SEPT. 18TH TO $4,0(

Those who were present with
our Mr.. Code at the recent demon.
STATIONS with liquid air are con.
WINGED and enthusiastic over the
wonderful results obtained.
The success of the company's
undertakings is now beyond ques.
ton, and its earnings will be enor.
nous from the first placing of it's
products upon the market; the
advance demand for our automo-
biles alone ensures extraordinary
dividends on the entire capital
stock.
Every effort is therefore being
made to press forward it's opera.
tons and extend its business at
the earliest possible date, and the
proceeds of the present issue of
stock will be devoted solely to
this purpose.
The factory, which, with it's
equipment, will represent the in
vestment of over 100000, will
manufacture liquid air on a scale
never before attempted, enabling
us to produce it at cost beyond
the possibility of competition:
Owe can make liquid air at one
cent a Sallon--7 lbs.-and one
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-09-10

Augusta shipped to-day 1.o3s: Memphis. 1914; st.
Louis. s7n; CIncnnat $50, and Houston 1897.
The rainfall for the paht twenty four hours included
.os at Oklahoma Ok, and .o1 at Little Rock Ark.
The Signal Seryice predicts fair weather for the
points October. Futures here rose s to points.
but lost part closing steady at net advance of to
4 points prccs as 4, blows:
The Denison review., 1899-06-20
NEWS OF DOW CITY.

Link Riddle is busy hay! hauling HjlpP pililng lily
for the CenJlal.
Sunday and Monday ,were real hot
days-the warmest of the season SO far
Mesdames Mary Rudd ard Jennie
Baker were visiting near Dunlap Sat
urdsy.
Oar street crossings are being filed
up with dirt SO we are now ready for
another rain.
Mrs Miller from Omaha came up
Monday to visit at the homes OF E. "
Goddard and Thos. Rule
The Central men working under Mr..
Stoner have begun work near town in
Sid Green cattle yards.
+. Il. Schafer and Ed Baber drove
over to Charter Oak Saturday each
bringing back a load of brick.
S. e. Rudd, Hal Hammond and Asa
Butterworth, who went to Chicago
with stock Wednesday, returned Satur-
day. They report jolly time.
| Miss Fannie LoveleSs of Woodbine,
who was elected to the grammar de-
partment in our schools. has accepted a
position in the West Side schools.
Corn in this vicinity is making very
rapid growth, and for the most part is
looking we'll. Mr.. Bakers field is still
partly under water. This is indeed a
great loss as the stand of corn was ex-i
cellent.
Mr.. r. A, Slocumb and family are
moving their household effects into the
NEW hotel which is about ready for the
trade. The building is nicely fitted up
and is a credit to our town. We wish
the management success.
The Denison review., 1899-06-20
.WILL0A TOWNSHIP TN|GS,

Noscarcity of rain nowadays.
Little Edwin O'Brien is slowly i'm
proving.
Jim Barnhardt went to Carroll last
week.
Harry Hester of Buck Grove was on
the Willow Sunday.
j. O'Doherty and son of the s.Oak,'
were out last Sunday.
In spite of the rain some of the boys
attended lodge Thursday night.
Earl Mackey and Howard Werts
were here from the Oak Sunday.
Louie Chase started to work in the
brlckyard at Charter Oak Tuesday.
A few of the Willow boys attended a
picnic near the Oak Sunday afternoon.
Marion Cue and family spent Sunday
with friends and relatives in Charter
Oak.
Ihei Free Methodists expect to hold
a picnic at the home of Jim Wickwire
July4 qtoAe 90 Ii6g
Frank Brown and family spent Sun
day with Mr. Browns parents, in
western Willow.
Rev. Rorick Of Ute preached an in
teresting sermon Sunday. He was ac-
companied by his father.