davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-05-30
ON A LOWER SOCIAL LEVEL.

ON A LOWER SOCIAL LEVEL
The petted house cat looked askance at
the caller.
What is your name?' she asked.
Tom" answered the tawney cat that
had strayed upon the premises.
Tom what?''
Nothing. Just Tom
Then you haven't any surname? Well
I have. My names Ann Cora and I dom {
want to have anything to do with you
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-05-30

You will have no more saw edges on
your collars if you will send them to
the Peerless Steam Laundry.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-05-30

E. c. HauOach, Manager.
Topeka Carpet Cleaning Works,
Next to Column ian Building. Tel. 7S9.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-05-30

The Peerless Steam Laundry has put
on the latest device for smoothing the
edges of collars and cuffs.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1899-05-30
National Baptist Societies Anniver-
saries, Portland, Ore, June
2-5. 1899

One fare plus $500 for round trip via
Union Pacific. For dates on which
tickets will be sold, limits, and full in
formation, call on F. A. Lewis, city tick
ct agent. or j. c. Fulton, depot agent
The ancients believed that rheumatism
with the work of a demon within a man.
Any one who has had an attack of seiatic
or infiammatOry rheumatism will agree
that the infection is demoniac enough 10
warrant the belief It has never been
claimed that Chamberlain'S Pain Balm
will cost out demons, but it win cure
rheumatism, and hundreds bear testimony
the truth of this statement. One ap-
plication relieves the pain, and this quick
relief which it affords is alone worth
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20
ALMOST FINISHED.
Filipino Prisoners Say Instruction Will Be
Over in is Days.

New York, Nov. 19-The Suns Manila
cable dispatch of saturday says;
Zen. Macarthur started north from
suns correspondent al Tayug. dated
Nov. l.. via San Jose, Nov IL, says: The
insurgent secretary Of war passed here
on his way to Bayobons, yesterday
morning.
CALVIN /. Davis Of the 10th Infantry
ana Thomas w Hayes. a civilian. two
American prisoners taken from the FIJI.
pinos. Nov, Il. say they. believe the in -
surrection Will be over in 10 days. The
FilipinOs realize that they are surrounded
and the officials Of the 50 called govern :
ment are deVoting all their energies to
escaping to the mountains over the only
trails available via TayuS and San Jose.
There are comDarativelE few insurgents
in this neiehborhood- II Is said that the
American CaValrymen VINO nave gone To
the north have captured ample supplies
for both men and hroses.
which came by way OF san Jose, says:
''Dodds troop Of cavalry captured 45poi
pesos of insUrgent money when mad been
buried in a canon three miles above san
Nicolas The money had been carried to-
ward the mountains in a train OF bull
carts which left here. NOV. II. Gestvr-
day. ii detail of caValrymen captured Il
Filipino officer ana some men near the
abandoned Another expedition. this
morning. captured the driver Of the bull
train. He had 80 pesos hidden on his per
son The prisoner was taken to san
Nicolas where Troops NJ and i of the 81
cavalry. under Lieut.. Col Walder, Were
stationed. A troop was sent back over
the trail with the prisoner. and he point
eli out the place where the money was
hurled Fourteen chests were dug up. In
addition to the money, the men found 4
quantity Of clothing ana private effects.
and Guuo Mauser cartridges, which We're
DESTROYED There We're indications that
the rebels had recently left the spot
where the money was found
"AeuinaIdo is again reported TO be at
T-rflanrta with 1900 men. Gen. Young
will move on that place. today.
"a battalion Of the 18th, col. Wa
Iacrs regiment raised in Manila), with
the Macabrbe scouts, arrived here, yes
t@rdav. Wagons with supplies also got
up. cant Balance will move to Rosaied
from lIumngan. by steamboats,, to pr"
wont Agninaldo.s escape.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20
CONDENSED DISPATCHES.

The imperial yacht IIohenZollern. wit
the Emperor and Empress OF German
and TWO OF their sons on board. sale,
from kiel for England AT > A. NJ. Satur
day
George T. Douglas. aged 81 Of Easj
Wallingford. VT. WAS run over by an cu
sine on the Rutland Railroad bridge al
had his left leg cut off AT the knee.
The dwelling house and stable of Wal
ter Lyford OF Fremont n. H. was d.
stroyed by fire, Saturday evening. In,
fire caught in the barn from a lantryrl
kicked from the hands OF man by a
horse. Loss. $4,000.
ed the Tow lying quarters Of Athens.
Greece. Numbers Of houses collapse
the railroad was partly washed away,
persons were drowned. and an enormous
amount of damage was done.
The report Of the commissioner Of I'M
migration shows that during July. August
and September of this year the number
of immigrants admitted to the United
States was $3.50. an increase OF 19,0Si
over the same months Of last year.
The Berlin Tageblatt, Saturday. ex
posed what is apparently corrupt deal
by which the present chief Of the colonial
department is said to have given away
10000 square kilometres Of kameroon soil.
said to be worth about ~, 600 coo marks 10
various high perSonages.
Thurston of Nebraska. and Miss Lola
rurman. daughter of MIR. ana Mrs. w. j.
Purman. was solemnized. at 3 \. IA. Sal
urday. at the residence Of the bride :
parents at Washington. Rev. DIR. Frank
NJ Bristol of the Metropolitan Methodist
Episcopal church. officiating.
Major Henry Clay Mcdowell. one of the
est-known citiZens of kentucky. died at
Lexington, Ky. Saturday, after long
illness Of heart trouble. lie served with
distinction in the Cival War on the staff
of Gen. Rosecrans, and since the war had
been a prominent Republican. He mar
ried Annie Clay. granddaughter of Henry
Clay. and purchased the historic ASH
land Clays county seat, in the suburbs
of Lexington. where he resided.
In the Barnstable court, saturday. Mar
shall Benson. the young desperate who
escaped from the county Jail there and
who was recaptured by Jailer Cash in a
house near the Jail, Friday, was arraigned
on the charge of breaking Jail. pleaded
guilty. and was sentenced to serve six
months in addition to the term of two
years previously imposed for burglary
the service of the sentence to begin i'm
mediately upon the expiration of the
present term.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20
INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Commissioner Says More Schools and Study
OF Individual Traits Is Needed.

Washington, Nov. 19.-The annual re-
port of the commissioner of Indian at
fairs. YIN. A. Jones. besides reviewing
the progress Of affairs in all branches
of the service. urges more schools more
systematic methods. study Of individ-
uaI traits and consideration of subse-
uuent environment in outlining studies
in the Indian schools. The entire edu-
cational system of the Indian office, he
says is predicted upon the final abolish
ment of the anomalous Indian reser-
walton system. There are now 20,522
boys and girls in attendance on the
various Indian schools out Of an enroll
ment Of over $4,000, the Indian popula-
Ton from which these are taken being
ISL GOO While the population has re-
manned stationary there has been such
a steady increase in the number of In
dams being educated as to warrant the
opinion that the next quarter century
will witness not the dimunition of the
Indian population. but an eXtinguish-
ment of Indian tribes.
There are 1852 employees in the Indian
service and the policy is to employ In
dams in every position to which they
are adapted by nature and education.
Concerning the Indian territory, the
report severely arraigns nepotism, lack
of management. demoralized conditions
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20
ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S FLAG
Raised. Saturday. on the Flagship Of the
South Atlantic Squadron.

New York, NOV. l9.-The ceremony
Of raising Rear Admiral Schley's haS
on the cruiser Chicago, off Tompklns-
willie. where she is lying ut anchor
took place. Saturday afternoon, con
shutting her the flagship of the South
Atlantic squadron.
The officers and crew. with the snip :
band. lined up in two ranks in dress
parade. facing each other. on opposit"
sides of the afterdeck for the presenta =
ton of the rear admiral, which was
made by Capt Rockwell, and as the
coach whip" dropped and the rear ad
niraTs two starred flag was shaken out
at the truck rear admiraIs salut"
was fired. accompanied by music 81
the band.
shortly after the ceremony Rear Adj
miral John w Philip. in a navy yard
tug. paid a visit in full dress to the
admiral.
Admiral Schley said he could not tell
when the Chicago would sail. or his
movements afterward as he had not
got his orders. but he expected them
in two or three days. 1t is expected
however. that the Chicago Will san
early next week. Admiral Schley has
with him the staff he had on the
Brooklyn The Chicago has staff OF
400 men.
The South Atlantic squadron con
gists of the Chicago, Capt. Rockwell
the cruiser Montgomery. Capt. Colby
now at Rio Janeiro. and the gunboat
Wilmington. Capt. Allibone, now at
River Plate.
The Chicago will probably meet th1
other two vessels at the ports men
toned.
Admiral Schley could not say how
long he would be away. but added that
it would certainly not be longer than
two years. indicating that his time 10!
retirement would make him return, Ii
nothing else.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20
CREW OF TIE CEllNA
Arrives at New York. Alter Being ShpwiccIe ed
at the Bahamas.

New ork, Nov. i9-The Ward Line
steamship Santiago arrived, today. hav
ing on board capt. Joseph 7. Murray. the
mate. boatSWain ana cook Of the schoon n
Celina. which was wrecked. oct. -. on
the island Of Abaco. one OF the Bahamas.
The schooner celina WAS 4 three .maSt"'l
vessel hailing from Bath Ne, of 81 toms
burden. While bound from Philadelphia
to Galveston with load ~ coal she ran
into storm. Oct. II. This was of the
shore of Abaco. The captain let 90 his
anchors and observing a group of people
patroling the shore. huiSted the signals
Of distress. No assistance was rendered
the vessel or crew ana. Oct. - me star
board anchor cable chain broke into threr
parts and the vessel Went ashore in sX
feet Of water and broke her back in Two
places. The captain and crew chung IT,
The wreck ana on the Both they wtrr
taken off in RATS and in boats Aft =
spending two days on a plantation, the
mariners Were taken uit and
landed at Nassau by the cuaSting schpon
erS Iona ana Jasper. iIherc they were
taken care of by United States Consul
Macl.ean. who furnished transportation
on the Ward Line steamship Santiago.
The reason the natives lid not render
us any assistance" one Of the rescue !
said. was because most Of the InhaDi
tants were wreCkrrS and pirates. ana ia
stead of being impeled hX humane I'm
pulses they were waiting for the vessel
10 break up 50 that they might profit by
he ilotSam and jetsam.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20

widely scattered. Some retreating in
to the western Luzon province of Sam
beles.'
Under date of today. Gen. Otis
again telegraphed, having received ad-
vices from Lawton. Gen. Otis saws:
Dispatch from Lawton dated on road
between San Nicholas and San Manuel
1918 o'clock, Nov. Is. transmits dis
patch from Gen. Young and Maj. Bal
lance at Asigan and Rosles of Nov.
- and 1G. former moving on Pozarru-
bio about u miles east of San Nicho-
las. where Maj. Swigert finds enemy
strongly entrcnched. Young and Bal
lance have had several skirmishes with
enemy. driving them northeastward,
capturing prisoners, guns, large
amounts of property. Troops have
subsisted on country; cordially receiv-
ed by inha bitants: would appear that
insurgents driven northwestward off
road to Bayamabong, their mountain
capital
"Lawton reports drowning of Lieut..
Luna. cath Infantry. his aide and two
men of his escort in crossing Agno
river: also reports still missing, Lieut..
Thayer and 10 men sent to communi-
cate with Wheaton. He says he must
again recur to the fortitude. endur-
ance and cheerfulness of command.
Hayes just telegraphed from San Isid-
TO that he holds Aguinaldo's secretary
Of interior. Indications now of good
weather.
Maj Swigert, at Pozorrubia, yester-
day believed that Aguinaldo was
there. Gen. Young is at Santa Ana.
Col. Vessel scattered Il battalion of
insurgents near Santa Ana, Thursday.
killed four and captured Is Filipinos
and Sc guns, without loss.
Slaven's accounts have reached Par
anaque. north of Tarlac. They found
four locomotives We're wrecked and Is
cars found.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20
OUR MERCHANT MARINE.
Our Coast Tonnage Leads the World Great
Increase in Steam Tonnage.

Washington, Nov. 19.-The ANNA,
report of Mr.. Chamberlain. the com
missioner of navigation, shows that the
merchant shipping industries shared
in the general prosperity of the conn
try during the past fiscal year. The
returns disclose more satisfactory con-
Gitions than those of any former wear
in the bureaus history The total doc
um ants on tonnage. June 30. 1899 com
prised 22.12S vessels of 1854 gross
tons which is our largest since 1895
The tonnage operating under our coast
ing laws. 1887 vessels Of 4.0l5 gg2 gross
tons. is the largest in our history and
greater than the coasting tonnage of
any other nation. Our steam tonnage
2.4.6.o11 tons. for the first time exceeds
the tonnage Of other craft Our ton
mage registered for foreign trade re
mains still small, and, last year. Amer
lean vessels carried fraction less than
9 per cent. of our exports ana imports.
the smallest percentage in our history
Based on bureau v,ritas returns. the
worlds sea going sail tonnage in the
part quarter of a century, has de
creased from 141S5.S $50 tons to s 693. 769
tors. a decrease Of 40 per cent. The
decrease in the United States has been
at the average rate. The worlds sea
going steam tonnage in the same period
has increased from ABS l93 tons to 49,
SS1132 tons. or 336 per cent The
phenomenal increases have been Nor
ways over 400 per cent. ana Ger
many's. nearly 700 per cent. The in
crease of the United States has been
only IS per cent. ana the increase of
American steam tonnage registered for
foreign trade on the Atlantic and Gulf
coasts has been only IS per cent
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20

and a deplorable state of affairs gener-
ally in administering the schools and
orphan asylumS of the five Indian ma
lions.
Reporting on the Chippewa outbreal,
of last autumn, commissioner Jones
says: For many years Chippewas
have been arrested and taken from
their homes to st. Paul and other
points as witnesses or as Offenders,
chiefly in whiskey cases. Often whole
sale arrests have been made solely for
the fees which would accrue to the Of
ficials. Indians have been helped to
obtain whiskey by the very ones who
arrested them for usingFit. In some
cases Indians carried off to court have
been left To get back home as best they
could. The whole matter of arrests nv
deputy marshals had come to he y
farce and hardship to the Chippewas
and disgrace to the community.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20

The regiment was brought over from
Jersey city. This morning. on two ferry
boats. At noon they were All aboard. \
men. arrived from the Washington bar
racks ana went aboard just before III"
gang panks were sent ashore. In addi-
tion to ll3G officers ana men of the ilEt
Regiment there were several women on
board the transport when she sailed.
They are the wives Of the officers and
will accompany their husbands to the
Philippines.
The transport Guford will sail from the
government pier. tomorrow afternoon. for
cuba The Huiurd is loaded with sup
will return with Two battaliunS Of cavalry
who will be sent IT, the Philippines ON the
next transport which sails.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20
Still MGR, counterieiting.

The secret service has unearthed anoth-
er band Of countcrfciters. and secured a
large quantity of bogus bills. which are
so cleverIy executed that the average
person would never suspect them Of b.
ing spurious. Things of great lue are
always selected by counterfe'ters for inn
tation. notably the celebrated Hostel 3.
ter's Stomach Bitters, which has many
imitators but no equals for indigestion.
dyspepsia, constipation. nervousness: and
general debility. The Filters set things
ach Is in good order ii makes good blood
and plenty of it, In this manner the Eit
tiers restores vigor to the weak and debili I
tated. Beware of counterlelts When BUY
ing. See that private revenue stamp
covers the neck of the bottle.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20
kMtRICANS' ADVANCE.
Lawton ard Macarthur Sweeping Through
Very Feart Of insurgents Territory.

Washington, Nov. 1.-two dispatch
es have been received at the war de-
partment from Gen. Otis, giving de-
tails of the advance of Lawton and
Macarthur. The first dispatch follows:
Manila. Nov. IS.
Gen. Macarthur entered Corona,
yesterday, and pushed advance to Pan
iquie, few miles beyond. Inhabitants
remained in houses. receiving troops
hospitality; first instance during the
entire advance from San Fernando.
Railroad intact from washOut north
Tarlac to Paniqui, but engines and cars
partially destroyed by insurgents on
retreating. Sufficient rolling stock L
insure railroad service.
indications are that insurgent troops
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20

The Spanish cruiser Empcrador Car
lbs Y has been ordered To Barcelona,
where she will be used as Il prison for
the instigators OF the opposition to the
payment Of taxes. Ii Will doubtless be
remembered that the Carlos V was.
with the battleship Pclay", the back
bone of Admiral Camara' 5 fleet which
sailed through the Su"z canal for the
relief of Manila ana with the object Of
destroying Dewcy's fleet of unprotect-
ed cruisers and gunboats. The cruis'
came to an inglorious end. however.
turning back home again when the
news got to Spain that Watson's fleet
from this side was 10 sail for the coast
Of Spain to lombard a few Spanish
cities. From a warship to prison
ship-a pathetic fall.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20

At Norwich. VI. Saturday afternoon,
8. ~ Buebee, aged s.. a Wilder fish
dealer. is alleged to have while drunk.
picked a quarrel with Robert Emerton.
Dartmouth college employee. ana
stabbed and killed him. He was ar
rested. Bugbees claim is that Elmer
ton started the quarrel and that lie
pushed him off the fish cart with q
knife in his hand
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20
Railroads and Steamboats,
MAINE CENTRAL R. R,
In Effect Nov. q. 1s0a.

In Effect Nov. q. 1900.
Passenger trains leave Augusta al fol-
THROUGH TRAINS.
GOING WEsT-s.a5 A. NJ. for Lewiston,
and, Boston, Bridgton. Montreal and
Quebec. 1000 a. NJ. for Brunswick, Lew
iston, Portland and Boston, Pennington,
and Montreal and the West; $40 r. M.
local to Portland; 3.4S +. NJ. (express) for
brunswick. Bath, R0ckland, Lewiston,
Portland and Boston: l0.55 +. NJ. might
Pullman every night for Lewiston. Bath.
Portland and Boston; IS A. NJ. Portland
and Boston.
GOING EAsT-1.s5 A. NJ. might ex.
press for Skowhegan. Bangor. Bar Har-
Aroostook county; s.o7 A. N. for Water
VILE. Belfast, Skowhegan, Bangor and
Eucksport, Vanceboro. st. Stephen, Houl-
TON, Woodstock. st. John and Halifax:
i233 +. NJ. local to Waterville and Ban
ct ard lewiston, via Oakland and Win
throp; 2.3G I. NJ. express for Waterville,
liangor, Bar Harbor. Wash. Co. r. r.,
cid Town, Patten and Houlton, via 3. e
=. X. T.; $45 i. M. for Waterville, Oak
land. North Arson, Bingham, Skowhegan,
bsiast. FoxcrOft. Greenville, Bangor,
"a Town and Malta wamkeag; 7.2S p. NJ.
Tor Watcrville.
Portland, Boston: 10.25 A. NJ. JOSS P. NJ.
TOR brunswick. Bath, Portland and Bos-
ton. Going East, 1.35 A. NJ. Bangor. Els
worth and Wash. Co. r. r., 9.15 A. M.
ana ~ J. NJ. for Watervlle and Bangor.
The Night Pullman Train leaving ut
l:"3 \: NJ. going east does not connect for
Skowhegan on Monday mornings. or for
Beltast, FoXcroft or beyond Bangor, ex-
WashRgton count1 and Points On sndas Lave
mornings.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20
THE 46th VOLUNTEERS
Start from New York on the Logan for the
Philippines.

New York. Nov 19.-Wives. sweetheart. 4
and friends of the 4lst United States Nol
unteers hade them goodby, this afternoon,
as the big transport Logan pulled GU
into the river from the government pie
in Brooklyn. Although the transport VIII
not begin her long voyage to Mania un
ill tomorrow afternoon. the officers n
charge had the transport towed to an an
chorage just off Governors Island, TO-DAY
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20
RHEUMATISM
SPARKS FROM MAINE WIRES.

-, n :,
ne place o. lninihs the annual meet !.
ing the Cuinbeflahu county Teachers
hs AS taS teg,, G,itnSe"' IT. VIII BE-
IN M ~ '''''" ""''i'7 ''e '"H" week
,r,
p.IrI, i jim 4 PipapotouS lafner
ing from !, In,d ~ hav IIis Ma, ~, ~
hr1knn lie va <, 49, 81 70 az, Nv VIZ
survived by a widow, ne -
Twenty-niro eases ~ scarlet fever NAV.
thus far this month been rrported ia I'll.
Portland Board OF Health. Fifty.two
houspe in which Thorn nrn rooa, az ~,
n , 80 "".' - t'.lr dit tdsea u thl'
dlSedse dIt pHaFdhllhtd.
Steamer Canada uf the Thomson Line.
9t', a. f'Ttiand. SATURDAY from
Sh.tiiS' a. 80 - Lut,1i Massage 81 }. day
o, = III ~, siIi ~" tons q btlnker
N"'i ioi IT. 'i"ih IIuilk isdllfodu
ii IL reported th3t there viii NJ Il coy1
famine AT Rumfurd FANS unI4ss a gttnpl,.
is received nj ono. and n. no ,,!,i.,.
mill and other manIIfactorirs fhfrn I'm
tie obliged to shut down nm a tirn-
Gam Warden Neal seized j dcer III
f5ahE9r; 9atHsrdaYi which w"s being taken
Nachias N" aIni,n,l h.,%i ,'i,E dTlI3 lH 81
6V another man Innrf@iIrty7 v9 ,.,tit''
ana will ID hrld untji h s~ftintnant /
made
Roland Blair, Youngest son Of " C.
Blair fen from the kruuab.c Gt.ypob,,+
COS. wharf al Richmond iuto the water
saturday. ANA was rescued IN tnc prorntt
d'ilpIi ~ EIs1Hk tSItDIt. VINO. taxing nom
Of the wharf. lowered his foot lor Blair
|" cimb up On
During his II years passionate III ppr
land. the Rev Or Henry blanchard bI.
Officiated al ~ marriages No hos ~
ranged ia give = rcoeuti,n In tbn sin.
OF the Congress square TuiyersaIilt
church. Thursday evening I'M thn..
whom Ne haS united
IL, 49, -,
-. Wi,,ui., ; ~, .li III u MI
;S y iHa ,i lidNtfSt street, Rpck
ii NM 5hnl HI the hrdd
i,il, y nI5ins tGhucu : VT, diurla.-
8uEeia. 'i'c'S "i m sAnI Mhi'h WEI -
1919. - C|iIit "!In"S' "Ihlh ID hdlr s.
"ItH"'n II P'ht''"t''s Nlld4 sp"S'
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1899-11-20

Accidents come with distressing fire.
Quency on the farm. Cuts, bruises, stings
sprains. DR.. Thomas Electric Oil re-
lieves the pain instantly. Never safe
without it.
mon. wed. fri&wky,n