The times., 1899-11-07

they could communicate with one another
while separated by great distances, no
physical agencies being necessary to carry
their messages. That was occult science.
Scientists called it humbug Had anyone
asserted that this feat was within the ac-
complishment of natural science it would
still have been called emphatically hum
bug But today it is an accomplished fact
and it is not occult. 1t is natural science,
and as easy OF demonstration as that ia
nous old problem Of Euclid known as the
sAss's Bridge" We call it wireless tele-
graphy" because it is telegraphy without
wires.
Franklin few a kite into the sky in an
electrical storm and brought electricity
down from the heavens along the kite
string. Prof. Morse taught men how to
string wires and cables all over the world
and send electricity along this metal string
in the form Of messages. We called this
the telegraph. a young Italian goes
further. He takes electricity and sends 1t
through the air. without the aid of wires,
in the form Of messages.
InlE } also tEleRldDuSr bAS nhiSA~s'-''
When the world first heard Of Morse's
project it laughed and then it saw. The
project Of the young Italian was also
laughed at but now We know it for a SOBER
fact and wonder where il VIII end.
The conveyance of intelligence through
space without the aid Of telegraph wires
is the result of a long series of sclentlhc
Iabors To grasp the details OF the Nhoie
process requires much scIenJlhc training
and elementary study. To understand
thoroughly the principles of wireless teieg-
raDhv one must have scientific knowledge
of matter, energy, and ether, besides being
well versed on electrical science. Re
search has brought to the knowledge oI
scientists the fact that space Is not empty,
bur is filed with a non material vehicle
OF energy called ether, which Will mere
after be used as a supplement 10 energy
and matter. When the telegraph was in
vented it was discovered that electricity
carried in waves just as sound and light
Travelled in waves. But unlike sound and
light this wave was confined to certain
substances which were capable Of conduct
ing il and transmitting it. Ether was not
known to be among these substances.
After years of research had revealed the
fact that il two conductors were charged
respectively with negative and positive
electricity and then allowed TO discharge
eaCh DLuEE Win the pID0utLiOu Oi q Suldll
electric spark between them, this action
produced under proper conditions an cleo
tric wave II a stone is dropped into
water and makes a splash when it enters
the surface il generates a series of cX-
panding ripples. Il is the same with this
electric spark. which under certain con-
dirfons makes what might be called
splash in the ether, and sends out series
OF ether waves
Supplied with these facts the young Ital-
ian Marconi began long series Of labora-
tory experiments which resulted in his
comnleting a set Of instruments by means
OF which he could not only create these
waves Of ether. but control their duration
and regulate their Osciliatary motion In
addition TO these he invented another set
Of instruments which when perfected en-
qbled him 10 receive these air waves and
10 determine their force and character.
Successive experiments revealed to him
that he could send and receive these ethe-
real waves Of long or short duration at a
considerable distance by leading the wire
through which the electrical waves in the
first instance are sent TO the top OF a p0ls
and then placing his receiving apparatus
on he top of another pole OF equal altitude
IL was found that the distance which il
was possible 10 send these ethereal waves
varied in q ratio 10 the height Of the poles
used After evolving the fundamental prn-
ciples OF this transmits lon Of waves Of cthel
OF govsrnable duration, il was an easy mat
Ter TO attach a tzlsEraphic relay to the
other instrument and transmit messages
as easily as when a wire Was used.
When this discovery was first made
known It was thought that the messages
would be affected BE- atmospheric condi-
tions. but experiments in all kinds Of
weather and under all atmospheric cond-
tions proved that neither fog, rain, mist,
nor driving storm interrupts the com
mUnication.
Another interesting fact about this wire
I less transmission Of messages is that no
known substance can interrupt or destroy
/ the osciilatory consistency Of the waves OF
/ ether. They travel through mountains and
/ stone walls in fact they would 90 through
a city OF towering buildings Of solid ma
sonry with the same ease as they work
! their way through space.
I AS il was found that the messages were
/ best transmitted through a wire conducted
| to a considerable altitude, many expert
ments we're made in England, until it was
! found that messages could be sent at dis
| tances varying from 100 yards to nearly 80