davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

26c per n; extra dairy. 22c: pack
ing stock. l5dl5lac. EGgs-Fresh stock.
lSC per doz. Live poultry-Tur5ey=
"a SC per 10; chickens. 6H6i2ci springs
g. ducks. &C: geese, $4,000 500
per doz. Observation-Disclosures 400 i2c
per bu: Hebrons. 3SGf1c. Sweet pota-
toes-Illinois. s.. 25Q2.75 per bril- Apples
i ESQ ,. % per brl. CranberTIes-Cape
Cod s4.eoQ6.0O per br!.
Chicago Live stock.
Chicago. Nov. a.
Hogs-EstimIted receipts for the day.
30 600 Quality fair. Left over. about
$500. Market active and prices q shade
lower. Sales ranged at S@.50T s. for
pigs. S3.15d3.91la for light. SS-1JfT ; 70
for rough packing. $S.sod i-02lz for
mixed and S3.s5H402l2 for heavy pack
IEg and Shipping lots.
Cattle-Estimated receipts for the
day. 2.0oo. Quality fair Market duh
tatious ranged at So 4ONfS % for choice
to extra steers. s5-60G6-25 for good to
choice do. SfsONj.40 for fair to good
do. 81 O0G4.70 common To medium do.
81 coat. 25 butchers steers. 81 100 SO fed
western steers. S3.25n4.s0 feeding steers,
81 .C064-25 COWS. s3.O0G5-o0 heifers. $3.50
Ii.i0 bulls and oxen. s2.1544.60 stays.
S. 406I4i0 Texas steers 81 l0Tj-39 grass
western steers. s.. 40sI 40 western cows
and heifeTs. and 5000 .-25 veal calves.
Milwaukee Grain
Milwaukee Nov. "a
Whsat-FiTm. No. ! northern. 6I1sc;
No = northern. 65T66c. Rys-SteaCy:
No I. 55Lc- BaTiey-Irrsgular No =.
sc: sample, 37q 42tzcc. Os:s-Ffrrl;
:iIz g26i4c-
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25
Commercial Cupid,

Did you enjoy your wedding trip,
Mabel"
"Oh. such fun. We sold all the pres
ants we didn't want and bought a lot
of lovely things which we wanted and
didn't get"-Detroit Free Press.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

"TAETFD-PUPILSW WISHING TO TAKE
w priyZte-l lessons IN dancing can 90 50 Dy
enduring - Z7I0 EIfth avenue. Jones.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

yEA%TID- TO BT-Y At 1871 SECOND
w a.crut. = pair OF safe. sound and nanc-
so-le carriage horses trained 70 drive single
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25
Means Death t" Competition.

Means Death Ia I0WpeIltIOn.
But if competition il to continue
To rule as The life Of trade the CONNER
Cial travellers Will remain an indiS-
pCnSible part of such competition. If
competition must go The commercial
travellers must EO-nOt travelling. bur
out of existence. Yet ii is certain that
even then. under trusts without com
petition or commercial travellers. the
various savings will not all go to the
consumer. They will be used TO in
crease the profits of the trusts. These
will get the lions share and retail
prices are sure Ia rise. SO tn" CONNER
cial travellers are lighting. not only for
themselves bat for the consumers. AZ
pur" economic question the position
Of the commercial travellers is i'm
nl.f tru1I,Ip
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

WvANTEO GOOD GIRL FOR GENERAL
w hD-.--worE Inquire Of Mrs &. !. W.
Shteiner- IiIg Fourth avenue
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

JTASTT.D - THREE OR FOUR CSFT m
w i.hsd rooms for right hou~ ekeeplng- Al
dress "A 81 care ARGUS
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25
Rnss.nn Nob.enan.s Paper House.

\ large paper house with 1G rooms
has been erected by a Russian noble
man on his cogntry estate in Padolia.
1t was constructed in New York by an
American engineer and cost 10000 ru-
blcs Its architect declares that it will
last longer than n stone building. says
the New York Tribune. TO make the
triumph for paper more emphatic the
owner has resolved that all the furni-
tdre shall he of the same material
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

LvDR RENT-FTRNISHFD ROOMS WITH
board. home cooking 1911 Fourth av-
euue
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

TOR SALE-SIE- ROOI HOUSE ON SEW
cnteeEJn street FOR SD Hull * Co.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

NOR RENT-TWO FURNISHED ROOMS
L fo- bedroom and sitting room, on second
floor. Apply Ii25 Second avenue.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

LIOE RENT-7-ROOM HOUSE on THIR-
Il teen street between First and Second
avenues. SIS Reidy Bros.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

NOR RENT-FT FINISHED ROOM. WITH
Il bath. down town. gentleman preferred
I113 hirI avenue.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

INOR RENT-TWO NICELY FURNISHED
4 ROOMS 1T 1902 Second avenue.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

LNOR RENT NEW 2-STORY HOCSEOF ST
L rooms with modern convenieGceS- II
quire OF Peter Grlmpp, 5i09 inth-and-a-hal
avenue.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25
FOB RENT.

TOR RENT-CooD BARN. INQUIRE AT
Il IiII Fourth avenue.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

L1DR SALE YOUNG HORSE FOUR
L years old. CAL ~ 800 r.fth street.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

& broom house built Only two years with
ci-tern and good wei handy ut 2s@y Ninth
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25
FOB SALE

NOR SALE-A NFARI-rNG GOAT BROKEN
Il 20 harness. Hos sec Ond avenue.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1899-11-25

NOR SALE - EIGUT-ROOM HOUSE ON
once. Hull * Co.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-07
CROWD AT INDUSTRIAL EXHIBIT.
Police Kept Busy Moving People
and Preventing Accidents.

Pohlmann's mammoth pavilion could not
accommodate the great crowd that strug-
gled for admission to the Hudson City
Business Mems Industrial Exhibit last
night. The crowds in attendance have
been constantly increasing, and last night
the high water mark was reached. 1t was
designated as club night.
Nearly all the prominent clubs of the
district, social and political, including the
Jefferson, the Berkeley, the Pioneers, the
10th and Sheehan Associations were rep
resented, but it was the woman who
turned out in such p%rofuSion. 1t required
the combined efforts of the police and
firemen to properly handle the crowds and
protect those in attendance from accident.
Police Captain Cody stood at the main
entrance, where the crowds, for hours al
ter the pavilion was filled, struggled and
clamored for admission. He kept the
doors closed and allowed only a few at
a time to pass through the turn stiles.
The Captain and his men kept the visitors
aisles slowly taking in the sights, collect
ing the souvenirs which were lavishly be-
slowed, and patronizing such booths as
had articles for sale.
Nearly every booth has some special at
traction. The Punch and Judy show at
one of the booths in the rear continues
one of the attractions, but like others, the
performance has to be discontinued every
now and then to keep the aisles from be-
ing choked.
Captain Cody was highly complimented
for the admirable manner in which he
andled the surging crowd. Prof. Walters
orchestra gave it's usual concert.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-07
A VALUABLE WORK
Mrs. Eaton's New Book Jersey City
and Its Historical Sites"

Mrs. Harriet Phillips Eaton has just CIV
en- to the public a most interesting work,
entitled Jersey City and its Historical
Sites" The book begins with a sketch of
the LEM Lenapes, the Aborigines who in
habited Jersey City, which they called
'fSheyichbi,' when the white man first
came to these shores. This is followed by
a brief account of the arrival of Hendrick
Hudson in New York Bay, and the recep-
ton he received at the hands of the hos
pitable natives. Then follow sketches of
Pavonia, C~ommunipaw, Paulus Hook,
Harsimus and the other villages which
are now the great and aourishing NUM-
cipality of Jersey City. Their origin, set
Element and many of the most interesting
incidents in the history are most enter
tainingly set forth.
Thre is an account of the massacre of
ndian by Dutch soldiers in 1913, near
what is now the intersection OF Pine
street and Johnston avenue, Lafayette,
which led to a long and cruel war be-
tween the savages and the Dutch settlers.
1t is well known that portions of what
is Jersey City today played an important
part in the war for American independ-
ence. The Battle of Paulus Hook, the
frequent raids of both the Americans and
the British, and the visit of Lafayette to
Bergen are all dealt with: The old his
torical houses, roads and ferries are duly
described and the origin and rise set
forth.
Mrs. Eaton writes in an easy entertain
absorbing subject of the work makes 1t
almost impossible to pick up Jersey City
and its Historical Sites" and lay It down
again Tbn until until one 3s nh has READ it it through fbe Q Haman,s
Club of Jersey City, and is sold at the
low price of 81 per copy. It can be pro-
cured from any membe Of the club or
from Mrs. J.. A. Walker, No. 26o Mont
gOmery STREET.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-07
ADJUSTMENTS.
"A Stranger in New York" at the
Academy Of Music.

Certainly the funniest comedy seen in
this city for years is this week being pro-
duced at the Academy of Music. and last
night before a crowded house it received
a hearty and general welcome. Hoyt's
"A Stranger in New York" was the play
which kept everybody laughing almost
continuously from the rising of the cur
tain to the going down Of the same.
Briefly the plot is the visit of a stranger
to New York. who, finding a lost letter OF
introduction and presents it to the party
to whom 1t is addressed. he is taken about
the city and royalty entertained and winds
up by going to the Madison Square Garden
on the night of the famous French ball.
As the stranger Harry conor, who has a
fat post, is extremely amusing, but as
he is so well known it is unnecessary to
give a detailed account Of his efforts at fun
making. AT every point he was greeted
with nproarious applause. and the merri-
ment was Indeed a continuous perform
nnce.
As Baron Sands, n of the old guard
Of Delmonico's. Harry Guilford was an
able second to Mr.. Conor. He was SO
funny that the veriest misanthrope in
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-07
MERCHANTS TO FIGHT ALDERMEN
Will Test Scales, Weights and
Measures Ordinance.

The Merchants Protective Association
of Hudson County met last night at the
Avenue House. Arrangements for the
dinner to celebrate the tenth anniversary
Of the organization of the association
were discussed. 1t has been decided to
have prominent speakers present to dis
cuss a number of proposed public i'm
provements. The dinner will be held on
March q, and will be an informal affair.
The committee on the proposed amalga-
nation of all the merchants associations
in the county was given another two
weeks in which to make a definite report.
The committee appointed to consult with
couns as to the constitutionality of the
new scales, weights and measures or
dinance reported that. counsel had been
consulted who had advised the association
to test the ordinance by refusing to pay
the inspectors fees.
The receipts of the evening amounted
to $53.
Charles Stier, the Coles street milkman,
was elected to membership of the asso-
citation,
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-07
KERAMiC ARTISTS MEET.
Paint Tiles and Discuss Exhibi-
tions--Miss milford Wins
Gold Pendant.

There was an extra large meeting or the
Keramic artists yesterday afternoon in
the Kindergarten room of Hasbrouck
Institute. The pretty gold pendant, which
on this occasion, took the place OF the
silver medal usually offered, was won by
Miss LYDIA Milford, who'is a new member
this being her first attempt. The compe-
tition was in tiles painted in Pyrus ia
Poniea, or towering ounce designs, Miss
Mulford's being a semi-conventional de-
sign of the blossoms in a background of
gold.
Among the other contributions were
Mrs. James Erwin, who won honorable
MENTION, Mrs. Dressler, Miss Darling, Miss
Cornelia Post, Misses Isabella NJ. and
Isabella c.. Wightman.
Mrs. Anna Leonard, of New York, who
acted as judge, CAV a talk in when she
told all about the Keramic Boston ex-
hibit, and described a paper which, in
ompany with Mrs. Robinson, she is about
to publish, called 1.-The Keramic Studio"
Miss Fields, also of New York, told of
the coming National League of Keramic
Artists Exhibition in Chicago, and urged
the Jersey City Keramic to contribute to
this exhibition their very best wares, as 1t
Is mere VIII De ueciued the IhciiicilodS
question as to whether the Keramic ar
lists are worthy Of space room at the
Paris Exposition of 1900. >
Mrs. Darling read an interesting paper
describing Mrs. William Astor's thirty
thousand dollar dinner set, consisting of
212 pieces, for the care of which an extra
servant, and a specialist on china at
that, must be employed; and Mrs. L. A.
Dougherty read a paper on the Chelsea
Pottery, after which refreshments were
served and the usual social half hour en-
sued.
The competition for the April meeting,
April 8, will be painting of dogwood on
chop dishes.
Among those present were Miss Corr
nelia Post, Mrs. Browne, Mrs. Baker,
Mrs. James Erwin, Mrs. DRESSER, Miss
Nellie Reid, Miss Ehlers. Miss Edith
Bushman, Mrs. John Smith, Miss Retta
Smith, Miss Madge Wightman, Miss Null
ford, Miss Conklin, Miss Fannie Clarke,
Miss Florence. White, Miss Foster, Mrs.
Gluck, Mrs. Held, Miss Darling, Mrs.
Lawrence and the Misses Wightman.
The resignation of Miss Hattie Vree-
land was acted upon and accepted with
deep regret.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-07

The attraction at the Bon Ton Theatre
this week is the Zero Company and a trip
to this popular vaudeville house will be
well worth anybody's time. Anyone who
goes will see a first class company of
artists and will be highly entertained by
them for more han two hours. There is
end of the show.
There is a small plot in connection with
the show which is based on the actions
an eccentric Irishman who becomes
enormously rich and fits out an expedi-
ton to the polar regions and invites all
his friends to join him on the trip. A
grand concert is given by a number of
first class artists aboard the ship Zero"
The first scene is the introduction of
the Manhattan Athletic Club where all
arrangements for the trip to the North
Pole are made and a numbe of amusing
incidents are given. The third scene,
which is previous to the ships departure
is a pier on the North River, and there
is lots of fun in this scene, especially that
about the mysterious lamp post which
changes its light from red to white n
then to a light green. A number of
wagers are made on it's color by the Cap
tain, jerome O'Brien and his friend
Robert FitzaHen.
In the ship scene, which introduces the
part of the programme the spec
iaities given are of a high order. Irish
and Quigg, the famous long and short
men, are a mirth provoking team. the
Misses Perry and Hyland are clever song
and dance artists, and they were encored
a number of times.
The Meeker-Baker trio, who are termed
Tho IN Ofjm1 anFnhatS re a show in fhPrn-
selves, and they well merit every bit Of
the applause they received from the large
audience. An exhibition of the ten round
fight of Sharkey and Mccoy is produced
by the viagraphy upon a large canvas,
and it certainly made a great hit with the
audience.
The show comes to a close with a grand
ballet and the arrival at the pole, in which
a grand electric climax is given.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-07
FRA LIPPO LIPPI."
Browning Class Discussed Life
of the Artist Monk Yester-
day at Mrs. Walkers.

The Browning class met for the third
time yesterday afternoon, at the resi-
dence of Mrs. John A. Walker, No. 260
Montgomery street, at four o'clock, and
after the usual fifteen minute breathing
space, during which the Delsarte system
is brought. to play on chest and lungs, the
class proceeded to peruse and study Fra
Lippo Lippi."
AS an introduction to the piece under
perusal. Mrs. Leland made a few brief
remarks, in which she spoke of Brown
ing as artist. musician and poet" and
Mrs. John A. Walker read a pape on
the character portrayed by the poem
chosen. in which she dealt with the life
of Fra Lippo Lippi'' from the time he
was taken from the streets, at the age
OF eight, by his aun and placed in the
convent, OF the time set forth by Brown
ing, when he had grown to manhood,
and, while still wearing the garb of the
monk, was an artist of some renown.
Mrs. Walker took the audience, interest
ingly, through the various scenes of the
monks life, especially that set forth in
the poem wherein he has escaped from
the convent, by means of a ladder made
OF counterpart and sheets, torn into
strips, fallen into the lands of the police,
and tells his own story.
After this the poem was read, Stanza
by Stanza, by the class, Mrs. Leland
explaining any obscure passages zen
route" then reread by the instructress,
herself, in order that the class might
get a thorough understanding of the
poets sentiments.
On Monday next, when the class will
again meet at Mrs. Walkers, the lesson
will be on Andrea Del Sarto."
Among those present were:-Mrs.
Spencer Weart, Miss Simpson, Mrs. J.. A.
Dear, Mrs. George Hough, Mrs. Carrie
Sheppard, Mrs. Heating, Mrs. G.. w.
Clerihew, Miss Enness. Mrs. E. w. New
bury, Mrs. John A. Walker, Miss Ada
Fuller, Mrs. Reid, Miss Jennie Whinyates
and Mrs. James Erwin.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-07
"Trdbune's, Cheap Wit.

The New York Tribune has made the
bodies do not exist. 1t has been having
fun, in a ~driveling way, over Assembly
man G~uenther's morgue bill. One section
of the measure reads thus
1t shall be the duty of the Chief of Po-
lice. where such officer exists, TO notify
the authorized morgue-keeper appointed
by the court in whose district said body
or bodies exist, to take in charge said
body or bodies and dispose of the same
as provided by law. in all counties where
county physicians exist.
The tribune comments on the above,
rs follows:-
Hypercriticai persons say that bodies do
not exist, but. then, those critics are igno-
RANT of the fact that it Is a common
practice for dead men to vote in Jersey
City.
If bodies do not exist, how does the
~ssTribune'' account for their presence Upon
the earth? Apparently the Tribune is
under the impression exist" and live"
are exact synonyms. They are moi, any
more than protection is synonymous with
surplus.
AS for that awfully funny joke about
the dead men voting, we have laughed
over it so often in the last ten years. that
we are really too fatigued TO enjoy it
again We should think the Tribune"
would be a tri1e shy about using it in
view of the way in which its party
crawled at Trenton a few weeks ago,
when Allan L. McDermott challenged it
to investigate the recent election in Hud-
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-07
K OF P. ENTERTAINMENT.
Good Programme and Dancing En-
ioyed by the Guests.

The annual entertainment and reception
of Centenary Lodge, No. 100, K. of p,
was held at Columbia Hall, Ocean and
Gator avenues, last evening. 1t was a
success in every sense of the word. The
ham was gayly decorated with colored
bunting and Chinese lanterns. The en-
~tertainment began about eight o'clock and
afforded the immense audience two hours
and a half of solid enjoyment.
The programme was:-Mareh, Ivan
Cortlandt," Sousa; waltz, Concert La
susanna" Rosey; cakewalk. Smokey
Mokes," Hoffman; characteristic, 1.-THE
International" R~einhard; address, Mr..
John Patrick; negro melodies and dances,
Miss Maud Myrtle Tannerhill and Ida
Woodson; Dutch knockabout comedians,
Gardner and Shepard; magician, Prof.
f. Hendrickson; The Nightingales'
Concert" Misses Clara S~chreiner, Elise
L~ehrenkrauss and Annie CHASER; Mr.. Geo.
La Rose, fire eater, presenting THE
DEVILS Dream" Mr.. Max Koerner, club
swinging by Emily Brinckman; Mr.. Will
Hardy, clog dance: Mr.. Phillip Heck.
tenor ~soloist; Donovan and Mahoney,
negro melodies, dances and cakewalk;
Gardner and Shepard, Hebrew impersona-
ton; Prof. E. Hendrickson, shadow
graphs. Dancing followed and continued
until after midnight.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-07
NOTICE.

Notice is hereby given that on the 2Sth DAY
of February. 1899, the Commissioners OF Assess
ment filed in the olIlee OF the S staher q their
final assessment map and report for the
CONSTRUCTION Or A w r o As
MAIN SEWER, GREENVILLE SECTION,
WEST SIDE.
and the same is now open to public inspection
in the office of the Clerk of said Board.
Notice is also given that the following streets
or avenues or particular sections thereof are
included in said assessment; namely
from Morris Canal to points about, on the
east side, 1863. II, and on the west side ll6.5
feet north of Old Bergen Road.
LINDEN AVENUE.
from Morris Canal to Scott street.
GREENVILLE AVENUE,
from its northerly terminus, to a point ABOUT
800 feet south OF Scott street
NOBLE STREET,
on the east side, from Morris Canal to a point
about sos. 70 feet south of Hudson Boulevard
NOBLE STREET,
on the west side, from Morris Canal to a
point about 657.1 feet south of Hudson Boule-
PBARsALL AVENUE.
from Morris Canal to a point about 6SS.6 feet
south of Hudson Boulevard.
GIRARD AVENUE.
from Morris Canal to Hudson Boulevard.
BARTHOLDI PLACE.
from Hudson Boulevard to a point about 549.V2
WOODLAND AVENUE.
from Noble street to Linden avenue.
HUDSON BOULEVARD,
on the north side, from Cater avenue to a
point about 106. 80 feet west OF Girard avenue.
HUDSON
on the south side, from a point about SSl.5d
feet east of Gator avenue TO a point about
"a. Al feet west of Bartholdi place.
t AVENUE,
on the east side, from Hudson Boulevard to
264. 0S feet south thereof.
GATOR AVENUE.
on the west side, from a point about 54Ss
feet north of Hudson Boulevard to a point
about 1863 feet north of Old Bergen Road.
And that the 4th day of April, 1899, at two
O'Clock P. NJ, and the Assembly Chamber OF
the City Hall are hereby fixed as the time
and place when and where the Board of Street
and Water Commissioners will meet to hear.
consider and adjudicate upon all objections to
the confirmation of said final assessment map
and report that may be presented in writing.
BY order of the Board of Street end Water
GEORGE T. BoUToN.
Clerk.
natad 1ersev City March I. 1899.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1899-03-07
RECEPTION TO DR.. BARNEY.
Waver1y Congregational Church
Welcomes Its Pastor.

A reception was last night rendered to
the Rev. Louis Barney, Phi. D., the new
pastor of Waverly Congregational Church.
A splendid entertainment was enjoyed In
the lecture room. The programme in
cluded a piano duet by Miss Duryea and
Miss. Eyre; vocal solo, Panofka's 20 Salu-
~taris,'' by Miss Emma E. Eyre; recitation,
pride of Battery b." by Miss Estelle
Nelson; piano solo, by Miss Florence Ban
mel; cello solo, LA Cinquintaine," by
Mr.. S. D. Eyre, and recitations by Mr..
John Morgan ,humorist.
The ministers of the Hudson City Sec
ton were well represented. Letters of re-
DR.. Brett, of the Bergen Reformed
Church; Rev. Robert Aylesworth of Simp-
son Methodist Church. n the Rev. John
l.. Scudder. of the First congregational
church. Guests were presented by the
ushers, Messrs. Weisenborne, Drake,
Ruhl and Landau.