davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1899-03-17

Our country cousins did not get to
town last Saturday.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-11-01
A Duty of the State.

We believe that it is generally adj
mitted that the Florida Legislature of
1899 surpassed all other Legislatures
in the matter of fool legislation"
This is saying much, for our statute
books contain some peculiar laws, the
fruits of former august bodies that
have assembled at Tallahassee in years
past. However this may be, it is GER
tainly the duty Of the State to inform
it's citizens of it's laws. These laws
may be foolish OF otherwise, but as
the people of the State are expected to
obey them, they certainly should be
told what they are.
The Legislature of Florida has never
made any provision for the dissemina
ton of their acts; it may be that they
preferred to hide them from the eyes
of their constituents. Under the pres
ent conditions citizen may Innocent
ly violate law, or dozen laws, and,
as the law holds ignorance as no eX-
cuSe, he would DE called on TO pay the
penalty. This, we say, is hardly fair
to the people.
A small appropriation to defray the
expense of advertising the laws of
general interest in one newspaper in
each county would be a good invest
ment. 1t is an appropriation that
might with propriety be charged up to
the educational fund. 1t would serve
a double purpose: 1t would let the
people know what the laws are, and
perhaps, would put a check on ''fool
legislation" by bringing those respon-
sible for the idiotic laws into ridicule
and contempt.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-11-01
WEDNESDAY, NOV. 1, 1899.
The Cassava Convention.

1t is with pleasure we hear there is
prospect for a large attendance at
the caSSava convention called to meet
in Sanford next month. These meet
ings of soil tillers are always profit
able. The farmer, as a rule, is the
most generous and unseltish creature
on earth; if he knows a good thing
something that will benefit brother
laborer-he has no desire to hide it
away and reap all the profit and adj
vantage of his knowledge. He is al
ways willing, even anxious to help
others along the stony road he is him.
self travelling. Hence, when the farm
ers get together to talk over their work
they generally talk to advantage. No
one individual may impart much in
formation, but a little from all, when
put together, proves of inestimable
value to the careful listener.
While cassava has been grown in
Florida for years, it is crop that
after all, we know very little of. We
know it can be grown, but we do not
know all it's possibilities. The grower
who has been content to produce five
or six tons of the roots to the acre, may
think he is doing very well, but we
opine that he is perfectly willing to
learn how some other grower produces
fifteen tons on the acre. This yield
has been made, and we hope at the
Sanford convention those who are able
to produce this larger amount, and
have done so, will be present to tell
their methods.
Heretofore, it has made but little
difference whether five tons or ten
tons were grown on an acre. There
was no market for the roots, and one
acre. cultivated in even the most slip
shod manner, would produce all the
farmer needed for home consumption.
Now, however, as the starch factories
have opened market for the roots,
it behooves the grower to make every
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-11-01
Florida Syrup.

Florida syrup, like many other
things, has better reputation abroad
than at home. By abroad, of course,
we mean out of the State, away from
the place of manufacture. There is
no syrup so popular in the North as
that made in Florida, but the great
difficulty is that the processes of man
ufacture are so varied that there is no
syrup that has been improperly made
reaches the market in a fermenting
condition, and is either entirely unfit
for use OF in such poor condition that
those who use it form a poor opinion
of the entire output of Florida. In
view of this it is rather remarkable
that Florida syrup maintains it's high
favor. 1t must be accounted for by
the extraordinary merits of the mate
At a recent meeting of the DeLand
Board of Trade, when the matter OF
establishing factories was under dis
cussion, DR.. Forbes, of StetsOn Univer-
sity, detailed at some length a CONVEX
sation he had with a gentleman who
had been in the business of buying
syrup from farmers and shipping it
North The gentleman referred to this
matter of variation in quality, and
said that in any carload lot he might
ship there would be many kinds OF
syrup, and that there was no standard.
AS a solution of this the central fac
tory plan was Notwithstanding
perhaps, on the order of the central
sugar factories, now SO popular in the
cane regions of Louisiana, and the
beet growing sections of the North
and West.
In the establishment of these CEN
trail syrup factories, of course, no such
outlay of capital would be required as
in establishing a sugar plant. The idea
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-11-01
TO CORRESPONDENTS.

Articles relating to any topic within the
scope of this paper solicited.
We cannot promise to return rejected manu-
script unless stamps are enclosed.
All communications for intended publication
must be accompanied with real NAME as a
guarantee of good faith. No anonymous con-
tributon will be regarded.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-11-01

Money should be sent by Draft, Postofhce
Money Order on DeLand, or Registered Let
ter, otherwise the publisher will not be re-
sponsible in case of loss. When personal
checks are used exchange must be added.
Only 1 and 2 cent stamps taken when change
cannot be had.
To insure insertion, all advertisements for
this paper must be received by 10 o'clock
Monday morning of each week
Subscribers when writing to have the ad-
dress of their paper changed MUST give the
old as we'll as the new address.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-11-01


passage of the juice through the moss
not only freed it of all coarse and float
ing foreign particles, but filtered out a
very large proportion Of the non-sugar
contents and cOloring matter so tina
the juice passing through the outlet
pipe was nearly as clear and colOrless
as water. The only precaution neces-
sary in using this method is, that the
moss naturally occasionally becomes
clOgged and requires renewing once in
two or three days of constant running,
but in warm weather it was found that
the juice adhering to the moss in the
tub was liable to ferment over night
and be sour in the morning, under
which circumstances it is necessary to
replenish the filter with fresh moss
before beginning work in the morn.
ing.
The advantages claimed for this
method are it's simplicity, cheapness
and effectiveness. 1t accOmplishes all
that has been claimed for the sulphur
ing process, and yet is SO easily avail
able as to be accessible to any farmer
in Florida, practically without either
trouble or expense.
Clarifying the Satisfactory
and effective as the above-described
iS 11fi
cient for securing such results as we
aimed at, further clarifying of the
juice being still desirable. For this
purpose the usually recommended
method is the use Of three different
pans or vessels, in the first of which
after suiphuring, the juice is treated
with milk of lime. The objections to
this method have already been stated
in connection with the sulphuring pro-
cess as a whole. A simpler method
was deemed Indispensable if the same
was to be recommended for general
domestic use. The first recommendation
in this connection which is offered as
that securing the finest product, what
ever may be the means by which the
juice is finally converted into syrup,
whether the evaporation be conducted
in an iron kettle or an evapOrating pan,
clarifying or skimming of the juice
should be effected in a different ves-
sci from that in which the final con-
densation of the syrup takes place.
Our experiments were made with the
use of a common shallow Chattanooga
evaporation. The filtered juice as it
came from the filter was conducted in
to an open pan of the same size as the
evaporation but about eight inches
deep, such as can be made by any tin
smith. This was placed upon brick
furnace, side by side with the evapOra-
tor, with a space of about six feet be-
tween the two, so that both pans and
Tres could be tended by one man with
no material increase in labor. 1t
should be added, however, that there
was very little if any increase in fuel
needed, inasmuch as the heat required
for raising the juice to the boiling
point in the first pan was not required
in the evaporator, hot juice instead
of cold being introduced into the lat
| L, III, o/a4
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-11-01

There is, we think, an excellent open
ing here for many towns in almost
any section of Florida. These factories
might be established on the cO-Opera-
tive plan, if necessary. Every farm
er within convenient distance of the
plant could have his acre or two of
cane, and, as Dr. Forbes remarked, the
sale of this cane to the central fac
tories would give growers just what
they need-a little ready money.
AT this season a few extracts from
DR.. otockbridge's excellent bulletin on
sugar and syrup will be timely. We
quote as follows:
The first step toward making the
syrup from cane is the freeing of the
juice from the stalk, and the means
by which this is to be accomplished is
the key to the economy of the process.
Although the crudest appliances, even
wooden rollers, are capable of express
ing juice from which syrup or sugar
may be made, still the more juice
which can be expressed from a given
amount of cane, the greater is the sue
of the operation. For domestic and
smaller manufacturing purposes the
simple horsepower mill is commenda-
bile. This mill, however, should con-
Sist of three rollers, the tWO-roller mill
being so imperfect in action and eX-
pressing SO small a part of the juice
as to be extremely wasteful. A good
three-rOller mill, with the rollers
screwed tightly together, is capable of
expressing from seventy to seventy
five per cent. Of the actual juice in the
cane. This matter of keeping the
rollers screwed tightly together is one
of such Importance that it should be
regularly looked after and the screws
frightened whenever necessary, till the
bagasse, or crushed cane, comes
through in short pieces.
The juice having been expressed
from the cane, the first process in ac-
tual syrup making is at an end, and
the next step is that of freeing the
juice as largely as possible from for
eign substances. In common farm
practice this consists simply in strain
ing it through a gunny-sack as it
comes from the mill. This, however,
although desirable, only suffices to re-
move from the juice the small parti-
cles of cane that pass from the rollers.
There remain many other foreign sub
stances, the presence of which is detri-
mental to the quality Of the syrup and
the removal of which is indesDensa-
bic to securing of the best product.
The following experiments were de-
tailed:
Dry moss, such as can be obtained
anywhere in the State of Florida, was
carefully picked, and freed from
leaves, sticks and foreign matter and
thoroughly washed. A tub, or half
barrel, through the bottom of which
hole for the outlet pipe was bored
was taken and a piece of perforated
tin was placed over this outlet on the
| inside of the bottom of the tub. The
tub was then filled with cleaned moss
which was packed as solidly as it
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-11-01

We now have an office in Jacksonville
Room 4, Robinson Block, Vaduct, where Mr.
Painter will be pleased to see any of our sub
scribers. Any time we can be of service in
Jacksonville, drop us a line to above address.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-11-01
TERMS.
ADVERTISING RATES.

Rates for advertising furnished on applca-
ton by letter in person.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-11-01

lick count, and the more pounds he
can make an acre produce the larger
will be his profits.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1899-11-01

Entered at the postoffice at DeLand, Flor
ida, second class matter.
The St. Johns herald., 1899-04-29
The Larynx.

The larynx has been compared to a wind. reed and stringed instrument The comparison of it to a violin gave rise to the not very accurate phrase ''vocal cords. as the name of the two cushions which are its most prominent features But no string so short as those ''vocal cords'' could produce musical bass note. In fact, the comparison of the larynx to any instrument which produces only musical tones is made quate. to begin with. There is no in- strument but the larynx which pro- duces both song and speech. and as those comparisons view the larynx merely as a producer of musical sounds we have no further concern with them at present. Besides, the voice can be trained for speech, elocution and ora tory without knowledge of the physi- ology of the larynx.
 We have the power of adjusting the larynx; of varying the tension of its cords, cushions or fragments, as they have been variously called. We can do these things without scientific technic- al knowledge of how they are done, without any knowledge at all of vocal physiology, and it is the work of the trainer of the voice to teach his pupils -or her pupils we may be allowed to say-how to do them. - Chambers Journal
The St. Johns herald., 1899-04-29

The Publishers Weekly has issued summary number, giving the list of new books that appeared in the United States during 1898. As this list comes closer to being officially accurate than any other, its totals are worthy of no- tice. It shows the total number of new books for the year to have been 1886, a decrease of 42 as compared with 1897, and the smallest number since 1894. These figures indicate new editions of old works, as we'll as foreign works i'm ported for sale in this country. Fiction naturally leads the list, the number of new novels being 724; new law books, 417; religious books, 406; educational works, 364; juveniles, 356. It is strik- ing fact that we still get most of our fiction from England. The novels of the year, including republished edi- tions, numbered 905, and only 358 of these were of American origin. In all the other lines that have been named, including juvenile, the books are chief ly American. In other words, our adult fiction readers get the bulk of their reading from foreign sources, while our boys and girls are perfOrce more patri- otic Unfortunately the Publishers Weekly is compelled to put low esti- mate upon the juvenile fiction of the year. It remarks that scarcely book in this field possesses a lasting quality. But really notable books of any kind by American authors were unusually rare in 1898, and the total number of Amer fcan books would have fallen far short of the usual figures if 1t had not been for the large output of crude war vol umes toward the end of the year. Yet, if our dereliction may be ascribed to the war, what excuse has Great Britain for showing a total of only 7,516, as against 1926 for the preceding yeari Apparently France has far surpassed both the great AnglO-Saxon countries by isuing a total of 14,781 books, as against 13,7O9 in 1897. Perhaps this may be explained by saying that the Saxons have been doing things while the Latins have been talking.
The St. Johns herald., 1899-04-29
CRAFTS AND TRADES
Tn the Thirteenth Century-The Man
 ufacture of Leather.

In the Thirteenth Century-The Man
 ufacture of Leather.
 The manufacture of leather seems to have been important, showing that leather jerkins and brooches were com mOnly worn, says Notes and Queries We have nineteen skynners, forty bark arS, six Saddlers, three cOrdeweners, 167 souters (shoemakers) and eight glOvers. The surname feuster is a trade name denoting a maker of pack saddles
 The cOmmOneSt trades are tylOur and smyth, since one lived in almost every village. The taylours number 407, of whom 40 are called by the Latin name of cissOr. In addition to 2G1 smyths, sevegal are specialized. There are two arusmyths, three lOkesmythS, three gOldsmyths, five fferOurs (ShOeing smiths) and six marshalls farriers).
 The wryght wrought both in wood and metal. The number catalogued is 1S6, of whom eighty-One are called by the Latin name faber French favre); one of the few cases in which the Latin translation of a trade name has be- come a common surname. The wryghts' trade, like that of the smyths, was spe- cialized. The arkwryght made the great arks or chests in which the clothes or meal were stored, and we find a plOughwryght, a wheelwryght, two shippewryghts, eleven cartwryghts and two glasenwryghts (glaZiers), whC were probably concerned with the win. dows of churches Glass windows in houses were rare, as is still the case in Sicily or Egypt.
 The bakesters are few (fifteen), sug. gesting that families baked their own bread There are twenty.six butchers (fieshewer, bocher or carnifex), whence Labouchere, while the surname potter shows that this trade was in cx;sicnee. The fysshers (forty-three) were opu. lent, being taxed twelve times as much as labOrerS.
The St. Johns herald., 1899-04-29
HOW PIANISTS ARE MADE.
Paderewski Had to Un1earn Faults He
 Acquired Early.


 "Six IS the age at which would-be pianists should begin serious work, says the great teacher Leschetizky, the Viennese master of music, from whom Paderewski learned to perfect his art When Paderewski went to LeschetiZky, some ten years ago. it was as concert performer who had already achieved success in Russia and mastered an ex- tensive repertory. Leschetizky heard him play for awhile and then said:
 You have some very bad faults, but you have talent. You have played too many things and nothing we'll enough. Your wrist is hard and stiff. If you come to me you must forget for six months that you have a repertory; you must play nothing but exercises for technique. six hours a day for exer- cises, and nothing else"
 The verdict was a serious one and Paderewski gave it a serious consider ation, ending by determining to be- come the renowned LeschetiZkys pu- pill. All day long for six months this finished concert performer worked away at the mechanics of piano play ing, at exercises specially devised for him by Leschetizky, and some devised by himself with reference to peculiari ties of his own hands. Every evening he was given lesson at the professors house as a mark of special favor, for with ordinary pupils all lessons ended at in the afternoon, and one lesson in two weeks was the best that even the most proficient might attain.
 One hour, two hours, three hours, these nightly sessions lasted, for Les chetiZky gives no heed to time, once his serious interest is aroused. These two men were together constantly; they took long walks; they played hard fought games of billiards, both being adopts at the game; they talked inces sanity, for Leschetizky has a fluent tongue, and what the older man knew of the art of making music he gave freely to the younger man.
 It is worthy of record that this store of musical knowledge, transmitted thus from man to man, was a sort of sacred heritage handed down from the great Beethoven, for Leschetizky's master was Czerny, and Czerny often declared that all he knew about music he got from Beethoven in a few weeks of priceless intercourse with that great est of all musicians.
 LeschetiZky accorded this extreme favor to Paderewski because it pleased him to do so and for no other reason. The young Pole had no special influ- ence and very little money. but he had conspicuous talent and an untiring res Olution to do the work put before him.
 'He would have succeeded in any thing" remarked Leschetizky. lin painting, in literature, in business, had he made up his mind to undertake it.''- London Mail
The St. Johns herald., 1899-04-29
BADLY CRUSHED WOMEN.
Showing Why People should Not Talk
 Loudly When in Public.

Showing Why People should Not Talk
 Loudly When in Public.
 They were standing up in a street car and gabbing as fast as their tongues could go.
 By the way" exclaimed the one in the military cape, "did you know that Charlie Hawkins was engaged?"
 The woman in the gray hat gave an exclamation of surprise.
 "Why, nor' she cried. "Whom to-?
 "Oh, nobody that you know, or that anybody else knows, for that matter. She works in a store, or something of the sort. do think Charities mother is real good about it, for she declares she likes the girl-sayS she is sweet and pretty, and all that, but l believe she does 1t just to hide her real feelings"
 The woman in the gray hat nodded sagely.
 "I shouldn't wonder at all," she an nounced. "I had heard he was going with that girl. Mabel Thompson, isn't it? But, of course, never thought that there was anything in it. I suppose they'll live on our street, because Charlie owns house there; but I'll tell all the neighbOrs who she is. Look out, Louisa, the girl beside you's going to get up-hurry and take her seat" Then, in a lower whisper, rather a stylish looking girl, isn't she. I'd like to know who she is"
 The stranger stopped on her outward way, and turned with flashing eyes. 'I don't believe that you would" she said icily, but I've no objection to telling you. My name is Mabel Thompson" And she swept from the car, leaving two crushed crimson ladies behind her. They have since decided that it is dan- gerous to discuss unknown persons in public places.-Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The St. Johns herald., 1899-04-29
Sold Tickets on Him.

It is good to be celebrity. and it is sometimes profitable merely to recog nize one. While Chauncey M. Depew was at the Omaha exposition, says the New York Times. he and President Galloway of the New York Central chanced to go into a booth on the Mid way Plaisance.
 It was a tame entertainment, and there was only meager attendance when MT: Depew and Mr. Galloway entered. Their stay would have been very brief except for the fact that they had scarcely taken their seats before there began steady inpouring of peo- pie, which continued until the small auditorium was crowded.
 Taking this extraordinary increase of spectators as an indication that some thing of an interesting nature was about to be disclosed the two New Workers concluded to sit it out. Half an hour waiting failed to reward their patient expectancy, however, and Mir. Galloway suggested that they move on.
 Just then ex-Secretary of Agriculture J. Sterling Morton pushed his way through the crowd and. extending his hand to Mir. Depew, exclaimed:
 ''Well. Dr. Depew, so you are really hereI I thought that barker was ly- ing"
 What do you mean2" inquired MT. Depew
 ''Why, the barker for this show is standing outside and inviting the crowd to 'step up lively and pay 10 cents for the privilege of seeing the great and only Chauncey M. Depew. :"
The St. Johns herald., 1899-04-29

4 well-informed writer in Leslie's Weekly, in adverting to the opportuni- ties which Cuba and Porto Rico proffer to American wage-earners, speaks en- couragingly of Havana. Clerks and salesmen will find ready employment. but a most essential qualification to success is a knowledge of the Spanish language American typewriters and stenographers are in demand, but wom- en workers in these occupations may hope for employment only with Amer ican firms. The Spaniards and Cubans still retain their prejudices against tn. employment of women. except in to- baccO factories. With the coming of American families, American dress makers, milliners, gOvernesses, school teachers, boarding house keepers and sewing machine operators will find openings to employment Nothing is said of climatic dangers, which are ever present, and which American for tune seekers will do well to remember. This writer thinks that Porto Rico should be avoided by young men with out capital and with no knowledge of the Spanish language. It presents no opportunities now, and there are few hopes that there will be any in the i'm mediate future.