The Dalles times-mountaineer. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1882-1904, 1899-03-04
THE FARMERS INSTITUTE
Opened In Earnest Thursday Morning
Several Eloquent Speeches Delivered
The Afternoon Session.

The Afternoon Session.
The farmers institute, was opened
Thursday morning. DIR. G. E. Sanders
being unanimously chosen chairman
of the meeting. The invocation was
delivered by Rev. E. ". Polling, after
which Mayor M. T. Nolan delivered a
short but appropriate and witty well
come address. He regretted that he |
had not been given sufficient time to I
make the necessary preparations for
the occasion. and not being a farmer
he found difficulty in speaking intel |
tigently on the subjects of discussion.
DR.. D. E. Sanders spoke at length
in behalf of the fruit growers. He
regretted very much that the atten-
dance was so poor, that the farmers
should neglect such an opportunity to
learn what is of the greatest inserest
TO themselves, and also regretted that
the numerous eminent authorities
should go to the expense and trouble
of coming here to discuss subjects of
such vital Importance, to vacant seats.
In conclusion he extended hearty
welcome to those who came so far to
assist in making the program instruc-
tive and interesting and to those who
attended for the purpose of becoming
enlightened on the subjects which
would be discussed.
The important subject of The
Coming Horticultural Problem, was
discussed by Professor E. R. Lake, of
the state agricultural college. He
opened his discussion on the subject of
transportation and of preserving and
handling of the fruit crop. AS to
marketing there has been no advance
during the past ten years said the
professor, and as to the proper way to
prepare fruit for shipment. He is of
the opinian that the great secret of
losses is due to indiscriminate packing
of fruit.
There is but one way to remedy
this evil that being by organizing the
shippers into one body who will ap-
point men thoroughly yersed in the
shipping of fruits, to market the same
for the community.
There should be a uniform method
of marketing fruit and nothing but
the choicest fruit should be put upon
the market. Eminent authorities In
eastern states as we'll az in the west
were quoted and much light thrown
upon the question of shipping and
packing.
The subject of allowing fruit to rot
on the ground under the trees was
mentionec and fruit growers urged to
utalize the same by making the waste
products into jellies, vinegar, cider
and like products. In this way the
markets would be supplied with the
pure articles in this line in place of
the inferior, adulterated goods on the
market at present.
At the conclusion of his discourse
the subject was discussed, by those
present, questions being asked and
answered by the same and many
valuable suggestions offered consider
ing the small amount of practical fruit
| gro 1ers present. This concluded the
morning session and the meeting
aQlOurQ6Q uQbll q ID. IN.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
In the absence of Chairman Frazier
| Mr.. Shanno called the meeting to
order at o'clock. Professor Cordley
| congragulated the people that there
were no pests in this section, judging
| from the few who were present to hear
| the discussion of the subjects of
"Fruit Pests and Spraying" He
opened by general discussion of
pests and the effect such pests have on
trees and plants. The conditions of
the soil in many cases, the professor
| informed his hearers is as injurious to
the trees as the pests In the Villa.
mette Valley mistakes are made by
planting trees when the land is not
| properly drained, while again mis-
takes are made by planting on dry
| hills or places where the soil is shall
low and diseases are thus caused which
cannot be controlled by spraying.
With the best of soil, pests will devel-
ope and the best preyentation is
proper spraying There is probably
no pest which Is as injurious as the
| Goblin moth. The life history of the
moth varies in this country from that
in the east and to this Is attributed
the many failures in taking eastern
methods Of fighting against that pest.
/ In the east it deposits its eggs
earlier than in Oregon while last year
| it was the second brood that injured
our fruit. By spraying on July Ist
| again in August and the third time in
September fully 95 per cent of last
years apple crop was saved in the
Willamette valley. The difference be.
| tween this section and the valley is
such that the experiments of that
section would not be suitable for this.
Fruit growers should watch closely
for the appearance of the moth and
Immediately spraying should com.
mence.
The question of where the eggs
were deposited was brought up and
Prof. Cordley answered that in ninty
nine times out of one hundred the
eggs are deposited on the young fruit
and not upon the leaves. Failure in
spraying is nearly always due to in
ferior quality of paris green sold by so
many dealers. On the other hsnd
there is no remedy better than lime,
sulphur and salt for the San Jose scale
which will exterminate the pest.
DR.. Jas. Withycombe spoke on the
suD1ect I1llage Factor In the Con-
servation of Moisture"
The great object of the visit of
those who come here from the state
experimental station is to learn &C
curately what the needs of the people
are in Eartern Oregon, and suggest
what should be done for their benefit.
Under proper management and system
OF farming the physical condition of
the soil will be such that in time it
will no longer produce grain, and
fomething must be done to remedy
the evil.
From Fridays Daily.
Last evenings session of the insti-
tute was called to order by Chairman |
E. G. Sanders, who announced the first |
to be selection by the A. L. |