Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1899-03-26
REQUIREMENTS
For School Building Which Shall
Be Sanitary and Up-to-date.

building, 1t may be interesting to learn
few of the foremost conditions which
should be considered In connection with
any plans which our school board may
accept for such building at the cor
ner of Fourth and Marion streets.
First, the sanitary sewer should be
extended on Fourth street from Mont
gomery to Marion, so that proper san
itary equipment may be made and the
basement and walls kept dry.
Each room should receive some sun
shine.
The building should be placed near
enough to the street corner to insure
for all time a good distance from other
buildings which might sometime shut
off light from the lower windows.
Two stories may be built, but no
school girl should be Obliged to walk
up more than one flight of stairs Stair
climbing Is very injurious to some
girls, and, too, the energy required to
go up and down should not be so great
as to deter any of the less robust pup
lis from going out at recess time.
The size of a single room is limited
both by economic and hygienic consid-
erations.
There is no need to have the cell
ings higher than thirteen or fourteen
feet, and the expense of building as
well as heating limit to that.
A square cornered room about two
thirds as wide as it is long, is best
ADAPTED to school uses, both from the
teachers and pupils standpoints, as
will be seen: The teacher from one
end of the room, has a better view OF
the pupils and the acoustic properties
are better.
If the black boards are on the wall
back of the teachers desk, letters two
and half inches high can be seen with
out difficulty at not over thirty feet.
Allowing three feet between the rear
desks and the wall, the length of the
room should not be over thirty-three
feet.
1t is well to consider lighting before
considering the width of the room
To avoid confusion of shadows,
which is very trying to the eyes, the
light should be admitted from one side
of the room only. If from the right
side, the pupils hand throws a shadow
on his writing; if from the back, his
body throws shadow and the light
shines in the teachers eyes. 1t lis clear
that the front of the room must not be
used. The left side of the room is the
only side of the room from which tho
light should enter.
To obtain abundance of light at he
right side of the room the width should
not exceed a ratio of 8 to to the high
est of the windows. Hence, if the cell
ing is foruteen feet high and the win
dows reach within one foot of it, there
will be abundance of light nineteen
and half feet away; and again, allow
ing three foot aisle the room should
not be wider than twenty-five and a
half feet.
The window area should be fully
one-sixth of the floor area, and the
shades should run up from the bottom
or Venetian blinds be used.
AS regards ventilation, every ono
should know how inadequate is what
is termed natural ventilation.
1t is true that when there is a breeze
or there is very considerable differ
ence between the temperature of the
outer and inner air, a rapid exchange
goes on, but even then if the windows
are used as ventilatorS, dangerous
draughts are created and the tempera-
ture of the room is not uniform; it is
too cold near the windows and too hot
or close away from them,
1t is folly to consider for room
where there are many people, any 9th
er than forced ventilation, which is
accomplished in one of two ways
either Dy eXhausting the air from the
room and so competing fresh air to
enter, or by forcing fresh air into tho
room and driving the foul air out
Means must be provided, both for en-
trance and exit, which are sufficiently
large to avoid draughts from rapidly
moving, small volumes of air.
In venLilating, and in heating, which
should be considered with it, the vol
ume of air should be large, of moderate
temperature, anu move slowly, both
for hygienic and economic reasons.
Ventilation and heating are best ac-
complisned by forcing the air, by
means of a fan, over some heated sur
face, preferably coils of steam pipe
This air should be taken in through a
duct, the entrance to which is not lesa
than twelve feet above the ground; ie.,
Above the dust and organic impurftiea
of the lower stratum.
The temperature of the air, after
passing the heater, should not be
above ninety degrees. AS to the vol
ume required it is necessary to do lit
tie figuring for 1t, of course, depends
on the number of occupants in the
room.
The best authorities allow not less
than twenty square feet of floor space
and not less than two hundred cubic
feet of air space for each child. The
floor space of the room we are con-
is 742.5 square feet and the air
space 1895 cubic feet. he floor space
allows us thirty-seven children. Now, |
children should be sup
piled wfth, at the very least, $4,000 |
cubic feet of air per hour, and the ven
tilating apparatus should have not less |
than that capacity. In other words, |
the entire air of the room should be |
changed four time an hour; better five
times.
The next consideration is where to
place the inlets and outlets in order to |
effect a complete change or air while |
avoldlng draughts.
1t should be fully understood that |
cold air is not necessarily pure nor hot
air impure. The stratum of air near
est the floor is the most impure, for
while it Is true that the carbon dioXide |
gas exhaled from the lungs is rapidly
iiffused through the whole height of |
the room, 1t is not equally true of the
really poisonous organic vapors which |
are also eXhaled, not only from the
lungs, but from the whole person and
The clothing.
Such being the case, it is evident
hat the air outlets should be in the
ioor, best in the aisles, if properly ar
ranged, or in the base boards. These
outlets should be of size and number
md so nlapfl AZ In fhnrnnphlv carru