davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
KODAKS.

You are told that there is no
Kodak but the Eastman Kodak. "
We handle only Eastman Kodaks.
Their goods are a guarantee OF
quality. We have them from SIS
to SIS, and whether you buy the
lowest priced instrument or the
highest, they will be found just as
represented. Kodaks make the
best of Holiday Presents, accept
able to either sex.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
CHEAP and COMPULSORY
FURNITURE SALE. . wo... o,,v

100 new wood seat chairs, only soc
each; 100 new wood seat chairs, only
Csc each; 100 oak cane seat chairs,
only 81 each; 100 high back dining
room chairs, only $3.50 each; rolling
top desks, $3.50; black walnut and
antique oak bedroom sets, at bar
gain; baby carriages, $40 to $12,5O;
double hair mattress, SO; double hea-
Wy wool mattresses, 81 to IS; double
strong wire mattresses, SO to $3.50;
single wire mattress, and canvas cots,
$3.50; fine feather and moss pillows,
SOC to 81; small tea tables, Use to 81;
mirrors, large and small, very cheap;
toys, spectacles, hardware, etc.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
COTTAGES FOR SALE.

For sale, two cottages nearing com
pletion, on Beckley street, near Kane
hameha Boys school, each containing
parlor, dining room, three bed rooms
kitchen, pantry and bath. Particulars
of II. Holmes. Office over Bishop &
Co.'S bank.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
NOTICE..

Having sold my branch store at Ho-
lualoa, y. Kona, Hawaii, to r. Shiba-
yama, | hereby give notice that said
Y. Shibayama assumes all former liza.
bilities of said store, and will collect
all outstanding accounts.
S. KIMURA.
January LIST, 1899.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
MINES THAT DID NOT PAY

One would take more stock i'm. the
reports of mineral wealth in the Phil
ippines if Dewey had not demonstrate
ed the absolute worthlessness of the
widely boosted Spanish mines in Ma
Mia bay.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
HONOILLIT RELIES

The Honolulu Rifle Association
meets this evening at the Hawaiian no.
tel at 1870. Important business matters
will be considered.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS.

There will be a special meeting of
the stockholders of the Onomea Sugar
Company at the Office of Castle d
Cooke, Limited, on Tuesday, January
II, 1899, at 3 o'clock p. IN.
W. a. BOWEN,
Secretary Onomea Sugar Co.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
Developing and Printing.

Many amateurs enjoy the work
of developing and printing. There
are others who have not the time
or inclination to do the work them
selves. We make a speciality Of
this branch of the Kodak business.
Our customers are kind enough to
say we turn out better work than
they get elsewhere. We take
pride in this department Of our
business. Every Film developed
carefully. If our photographer
finds you are making mistakes he
will correct you. That's very i'm
portant advantage. Let us show
YOU what we can do.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
FILnS.

Eastman Films are good Films.
That is the reason we handle them
exclusively. You will always find
our Films fresh, and fresh Films
insure the best work.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
FOR SALE.

Spring wagon, 5000 pounds capaci-
ty, good as new, cost 800. Apply TO
UNION EXPRESS co.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11

l.. -. MATTHEW'S.
Beretania, St., opposite Progress Blk.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
Hebron Drug CO.

Headquarters for Eastman Kodak
Supplies.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1899-01-11
For Sale.

For prices, enquire of a.
GEORGE X. CARTER.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

During the winter of 1867 Mir James Reed, one of the leading gci'i- gems and ID srchsnts of Clay, Clay Co.,. W. vs, struck bis leg sEainst cake of ice in sucb . manner ss to bruise 1t severely. It became very much swol len and pained him % badly that he could not walk without the aid Of erutchers. He was treated by pby sic- ians, also used severAl kinds of lini- neat and two and half a.lons Of whisky in bathing it, but nothing gave any relief until he began using Cham. berlain's Pain Balm. This drought almost . complete cure in . week's time and he believes that had he not ussd this remedy his leg would have had 70 be amputated. Pain Balm is unequaled for sprsins. bruises and rheu ma,isn,. For s.Ie by Tonbstsns Drug 0toie.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

The Tombstone contingent to Ben. hons last night, Fully 1.5 peorle from hers were On hand and all speak most highly of the performances e being . very ereditable exhibition. The Rough Rider feature and ths 6 performing horses was . rare trea, while altogether the big show was one of night standard. The Tom bsssne Young An ,ricAs who were there are sxog with excitement and arc busy glviug lurid descriptions of the circus acts and psrfor manses to their !sss comrades who did not sss the shsw.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
Glorious News

Comes from pr. D. B. Csrgi!s,. Of Washits, l. T. He writes: "four bottles of Electric Bitters has cured
 Mrs. Brewer of scroiuls. which had caused her great cuff ring tor years. Terrible cores would break out on nsr
 head and face, ani the best doctors could give no help; bn: her cure is complete and her health is excellent" This shows what thousapds have proved-thAs Electric B.sers is the bsst blood purifier known. It's the supreme remedy for eczema, letter. salt. rheuna, uicsrs. boils snd run nipg soree. It stimulates liver, kidneys and bowls. ezpsls poisons, helps diRes- ton builds np tue strength. Only 60 eeuts. Sold by the Tombstons Drug Sssre. Druggist Guaranteed.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

The Herald says the owner Of the rich platinum strike in the Catarss, canyon of northern ArizonA is Henry Ssllers. the broncho buster of the Rough Rider regiment whom Colonel Roosevelt delighted to trot out for an exhibition every time a delegation of Now Workers visited his camp. If the reports that come from tha strike are true Henry is . rich man, and his friends Of the Rough Rider regiment will rejoice in his good fortune.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
LOCHIEL NOTES
A Pleasant Social Event at Uur
 Neighb0ring Town
LochIEL, A, T, Nov '. '99

LochnL. A, T, Nov '. '99
 ED. PResPEcToR-On last Friday night the young people of this place had . moot enjoy able tine st dance and reception which wss given here. Among those present ws noticed the following: Judge Harrison and wife HoR b G Chalmers and wife; Julius Kends and family; Watt Griston and family ot Duquesus; Richard Farrell and family of HsrshAw; Pat O'Donnel vile and family..of Huaohusa; v H Igo and wife: John A McCarty and brother: Joseph Igo and sister. Nellie {; Miss Bessie Smith: James Armstrong ; Anthony O'Donneil; all of Huaehuca; i; Jsssie Bland; Geo Pa'ksr and three brothers; Miss Parker. Mise Welcome {: all o! Parker canyon; shsehy brothers and the Aisses Sheshy of San Rafael; Frank Hand; Burt sonsll; W Goode, and W Rasvss of Crittendsn; Harry Harrison and wife of Warrington Camp; Jamss Hill; Ben Stone; Chas. coilins; J. Abrsms, of Duaussns; Dick Harrison and sister of Lsnoria; and all of the young people of Lochiel. fhs hall was gsylv decorated with patriotic colors, bunting and streamers while two large American flags adofn- ed the wall on each iside Of the plat. form. Dsnsiog was had until II o'clock whsD supper was announced It wsnld do the heart of sn Arizonau good to see the justice dv.s the epicurean feast. Among the we'll prepared and fancy dishss provided was also fresh fish procured from the pond of v. H. Igo. Dancing wss resumed as one o'clock and continued until day break, with few win.srmissions for ', citations ana songs. Everybody vent home feeling they had . good time and will doubtless feel delighted to accept another invitation from the young people et Lochiel.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
SHOOTING STARS
Scientists Disputed. = Take
 Your Choice

Professor Swift, the we'll known ss tronomsr in charge Of the Lowe sb- servstory as Echo Mountain, Cai- foruis, says there is 10 use of people ioohing for the expected fall of stsrs only on the night of November l5, and that the metsorites, il they appear as all. will bs seen after midnight. An other writer says the phenomenon may be witnessed only on the night of November l<. Other writers ssy there will bs no star showers except the ordinary shooting variety. A. the Republican says, Arizonsos who are interested may take their choice.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
HERE ARE YOUR SYMPTOMS:

Il FLUTTERING OF THE EYELIps AND A TINGLING SENSATION ABOVE THE EYES. HUDYAN will relieve this almost immediately
 2-2. TREMBLING OF TIE LIPS-This h due to the affection of the facial nerves. HCDYAN will restore the nerves to Q healthy condition. and the trembling will disappear.
 2. LUMP IN THE THRoAT-ThIs symptom usually precedes a crying spell The feeling is as though there was c ball in the throat. This also Is a nervous .ymptom which HuDYAN will cause to
 ( PALPiTATIoN OF THE HEART The heart becomes weakened as the weakly. HJDYAN will strens then the heart muscle And cause the beats to be- come stroGg and regular.
 5. SINKING FEELING IN THE PIT OF THE SrOMACH-This occurs often and Is vy'y annoying. l; Is due to the action oi the weakened nerves of the stomach. HuDYAN will strengthen the recur.
 Women, E.:= :. rc- you. Remember that HCDfAN cures men and women. IL will relieve you Sf all the above symptoms and you can be cured. Doctors have af- forded you some relief. but they have not cured. HUDYAN will effect Q permanent cure. Take HUDYAN now. You can set HUDYAN of your druggist for 50 cents Der package or ( packages for g 50. If yous druggist does not keep It. send direct to the HUDYAN REMEDY COMPANY, Ban Francisco or Los Angeles California You can consult the doctors of the HUD- VAN REMEDY COMPANY FREE. Can on the doctors. If you cannot call, you may write and advice will be given free. Address
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
CATTLE SHIPMENTS
Cattle Shipped From Cochisp
 County for the Week

From Wilcox, Nov, 6. by J. E. S UT. geon to timself as Tempe, Ariz. 35S head of steers furnishsd by L. O'KseGe, W R MeComb and Zach s,allinss.
 From Willcox. ssme date, b, Burt Crane to Fin de Steele Invs.tment Go. at Merced, Gala, 724 head mixed cattle delivered by N. A Gilman, Riggs and Sons, Scow 4 Newell sad Nichols & Fitch.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
A LifelAnd Death Fight

Hr. W. A. Hinss of Manchester. Is.. writing Of bis almass miraculous e. caps from death. says :"Exposure after messles induced serious lung trouble, wLich ended in Consumption. 1 had frequent hemorrages and eoughsd night and day. All my doctors sad I must soon die. Then began to use Dr. King's New Discovery fer Con. sumption, which completely cured me. I would not be without it even if it cost $500 bottle. Hundreds used 1t on my recommendation and all say it never fails to enrs Threat, Chest and Lung troubles" Regular sixe Soc snd Sl. .Y0. Iris! bottles free at Tombstone Drug Store.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

The estate oi Louis Duval decsassd reached a final settlements in the Pro- bate sour, today and distribution made to the hrirs. Some $70OO will 60 to five relatives. Mir c s Brown Of Ok lahon,a and c J Davis of Texas who are here and whose arrival was noted iu these columns . few days sincs. are the principal heirs, being nephews si the deceased,
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
For sale. enc Hail safe. Apply at F. B. Austin. If

On the l0.h of Decsns ssr,::. 1887, Rev. 6. A. D.nahos, Pa,s,r NJ. E. Church. South, P. Plsa,sut, W. Va. eonirasted . severe Id which was attended from the begin nins by voi- lent cou ;hiag. Hs ssys: "After re- sorting to . number of so-call d 'spsci. fcs. usually kept io the house, to no pnrposs. purshsssd . bottle of Oh am. ssrlain's Cough Remedy, which acted like . charm. most ohesr:uily re- commend is to ,hs ? Ib. .c." Fss ssls by Tsmbstoa, Drug Store,
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

N is the unnatural drains, the irregular fly, the alterations and inhammations which sap woman's s strength. Cure these and health comes back with all it's joys.
 Diseases of the delicate wonaniy or Sans are positively and permanently cured by the use of Dr. Pierce's Favoute Prescription. Thousands of women are on record as living witnesses to the truth of that statement.
 Sick women are invited to consult Dr. Pierce by letter without charge. Every letter is held as private and its story guarded as . sacred confidence. All an- swers are mailed in private envelopes bearing no printing upon them. Address Dr. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.
 Mn. H. A. AIsbsook, of Austis. xouoke Go, Ark, writes: "Affer i've months of great suf Sering write thts for the benefit Of ot her suffer CTS from the same a6licfiou [ doctored with our family physician without any good results. co my hsis6and urged me to try Dr Pierces medicines-which did wi(h wouderfbi ressits. am completely cured I took four botties Of Dr. Pierces Fsvorite Prescriptiou. four of his Golden Medical Discovegy' and two viais of his Pleasant Peiiets'"
 Dr. Pierce's Pellets cure bilioasness.
 sv Care oSassapeesoa vogUVu9t
 s-e Ca-cate.s Can~v Csthsrtie loe CT - < S C. C- fs.i / -e- ruGBsscD roeuDd 0e1o9
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
Mayer A. H, Emanuel was

Mayer A. H, Hmanu.l was in the city yestsrdsy. Mayor Emanuel is one of the busiest citizens sf Tomb stone. In addition to his duties ss mayor, he is clerk of ths court, U. .. court com missioner and has . frst class blacksmith shop. The mayer esys ths: Tombstone is gstting its second wind. and he confidently be- heves tha, the very near future will see renewed activity in mining matters e . result of negotiations nsw pending. Star.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

I wish::tO e1press my thanks to the manufacturers of Chambe:lain's Colic Cholera and Disrrhoea Remedy. for having put en tho market such . wonderful pedicin-," sass w. w.. Mas.ingill. of Beaumont, Texas. There are many thousands of mothers whose children have been saved from sttsck- of dyssntssy and cholera infantam
 who must also feel thankful. IL i- for sale by the Tom bstone Drug Store.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

The PsosrscroR devil was st the cir GUS. Today he was explaining the clown
 revolving barre. act to . group Of com-
 psuions who mad gathered in the press room. The devil wsnted to give . practical demonstration. The near est thing to . barrel about the omc was ths revolving drum of he cylin- der press on which the pspsr Is print. ed. He had one boy turn the ersok while the devil hero, mounted th- re- volving drum and WIS in the ses o' giving . repetition of the marvellous act of the clown. the youthful srects- tors gazing On with open mouthed wonder, when suddeniy the whing whapg of the delivery attachment of the press, which had not been fastened. was drawu under the bed Of the press and broken. The sudden jar threw the psriorniog devil hesdlons isso the roller rack, nirsculsnsly sscspiog without any injury. The fsosPsoroa is obliged to send for . new attach uent from the pres foundry tut ws will wsgsr our 6svii cen do the rsvolv- ing barrel performances e grscefoily e the bsss paid clown ia sissusdoos
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
fOR OvER FIFTY YEARS.

An old. well-tried remedy. Mrs Winslow's Soothing Syrup has ben used for over fifty years by millions of mothers for their children while teeth. ing. with perfect success. It soothes the child, sof,ens the gnus, allsys all pain, cures wind co!ic, and is the beat remedy for diarrhoea. IL is pleasant to the taste. Sold by druggist in every part of the world. Twenty-Five csn;s . bottle. Its value is iucalcul- able. Be sure and ask for Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup. and take DO "ther kire
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
THE LADIES.

The p!sasant effect and perfect safety with which ladies may use Syrup of Figs, under all conditions, makes it their favori,e remedy. To get th. true and genuine article, look TOT the name of the Caiifornia Fig Syrup Co. printed near the bottom ofthe package. For sale by ah druggists.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
A RPightful Blunder

Will eisen cause horrible Burn, Scald, Cut or bruise. Busklsn's Arnics Salvs, the best in the world, will Kill pain and promptly heal it. Curee Old Sores, Fever Seres, Ulcers, Boil,. Felsns, Corns, all Skin Eruption.. Best Pile cure on earth. Only 25 c,.. box. Cure guaranteed. Soli by the Tom bstops Drug Store.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

Arizons is the coming mining region oi the world. There is every kind Of mineral here ,bss is used, and the di- vsreifed character of the mining car- r,ed on here gives the territory sub s,autiability. New smeltsrs are being erected to get the benefit Of the high prics copper is dsnaDdisg.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

And as she lies weak and suffer. ing, she reuem- bers the days only such a little V hife behind, when she tiptoed along the top rail of the worm fence, as active and biithe as . squirrel.
 But there's something wrong about this condi- ton. One word
 expresscs it- ''unnat It's against na- ture 10 be in sucll aconflifion
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

The key to health is in the kid nsys and flyer. Keep these orgsns active and you have health, strength and cheerful epirits. Priekly Ash Bitters is . siimulant for the kidneys, regulates. the liver, stomach snd bowels. 4 golden household remedy. For sale by Tonbstons Drug store.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

MT Jos, Scott ex Sheriff. councilman sad prominent political leader of Pima csunty, is Ton bstons visitor. He is here on business visit.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

Arizona Copper company st Clifton report, for 8 Ssp.embsr . pr duesioa of TIT long tons of black copper. For the seven mont from March 1st to September 3etb the total GU tput of this cen pany was 1856 tons of black cop
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

v The onion is now being bosmed as reliable weathsr prophet. It is said that when ths winter is to be cold onions develop two or thres skins.
 whereas if the winter is to be mild the, con-ider one jacket sufhcient.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

Nat v tS NA AlA. iiysteTia can be perfectly and per- rancntly cured |. no matter how far advanced it may be. iC D Y A N will cure hysteria. HUDYAN will re- lieve you of every symptom. The re- lief is not only temporary - it ia permanent HUD- VAN will restore the W c a k e n e q nerves to Q heal thy condition and the symptoms will disappear. EUD- VAN is the rem edy you want. HCDYAN is for
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

Cleanse the liver and bowels. and regulate the system by using Prickly Asn Bitters. IL creates and sus,sins -nergy. Sod by the 1ombs,ons Drug Store.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

Fletcher Fairchild, late sherif oi Coconino county, died lately at the in. sane asylum.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
"Tnis . truth the poet A1O
 ThaS . sorrows crown of sorroy h remcmberi.a asn~iey thin~x

Isn't that what a woman thinks who finds herself practically laid aside in the heyday of life? A few years of marriage, . couple of children, and she is worn out.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

It is . vegetable remedy and has no bad effect the system. Study your symp- toms carefully. When you have done SO. use HUDYAN and then tell your friends what it has done for you.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
HYSTERIA

10 purely c nervous disorder and ail the symptoms are Of nervous origin. Many women afflicted with hystcria continue to
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

"Hexicsn Neuralgia and Toothashs surs," quick, harmless cure. 25 cts. Tombstone Drug store. u
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
RAILROAD TIME TABLES,

ARIZONA ANpl soUrHEAsIERN R. R
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

Sss Bisbee news on third page. ti
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

--
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10

soe. and $, co. all druggists. SCOTT & BOVINE, Chemists, New York.
Tombstone prospector., 1899-11-10
NEW MEXICO S ARIZONA R.

Daily. Pacific time
 J.j. FrKY. General. Manager, .NAuoLr. E ]. Gissns. Assistant General Manager, Tram Master
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1899-05-02
Company, declined last night to say whe'ner
his company would meet the cut or not.
rr>rrc MUNICIPAL. OWNERSHIP Plans.

Company declined last night to say whether
his company would meet the cut or not.
ENDS MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP PLANS.
Politicians IN the city said last evening that
the action of the gas companies In reducing 'ne
nrlce OF gas in the city would put an end 10
plans for municipal ownership Of gas plants II
woald be cheaper for the city TO buy Its gas from
the companies than TO undertake the manuiac'-
IRE or gas on Its own account. they said
There Is little likelihood of gas being MADE
any cheaper in Brooklyn on account OF 'he cut
in the rates in Manhattan. The present oispo-
sItIon OF the Brooklyn Gas Trust wh'en IN
cludes all but one small company In zone! ISL
and and whose corporate name is the broohi!"
Union Gas Company. is to keep the price 20 '"e
consumer above 81 thousand. no matter
what IS done in Manhattan The union COM
many is furnishing Brooklyn on graoua'ec 'e
auction scale The fve-year contract s'ai'eu
on January l. 1897. and IL. therefore only nan
COMPLETED Under II the city began ny paSi"e
81. with an. agreement that the price was W oo
lowered 2Jk cents a year until II reac"eu 90
cents. while the price to the private CONSUME
began at 81 %, with reduction Oh ''"'s
wear until the price Is 81. AT the emu Vi Ivy
years a new contract IL TO be maze i"e ,es
"a made arbitrary in a bill which was '.',C ooc
by Senator Wray IN the cary ""'~ on.,ol
When Brooklyn Union Gas COMPANY Urr,e
was seen last night and asked IL ms Sizes IN
would continue to exact the preseh. PSat,an
view OF the sweeping cut mace IN
he said: -. ony attention
'sWhy should our company pay any Sa,,,ilv
"a the aeht over there? We are happ! 49, 49,
here with no competitor. That does nu 20 The
rhat we are taking any undue aovah'ae'e rs 10 a
nriyate consumer or the city. Inc w. bes
lair ono. and with little money In IT,
been no striking innovation In the mahuia0 rrho
~ ras which allows US TO make IL cheapeI, is
oniy wav we make any extra money MY 20
nv buying coal little cheaper now anu 1 -
hi, that does not reduce the cost OIL n oH ~. a.
90 anv considerable extent. The puphc nas a.
arroneous conception OF the cost or prouuO'Ioi,s,
Css can't be produced for 90 cents a thous an
Sset and keep the quality where IL is to-o az
New-York and Brooklyn to-day are uslhs nc ne
best gas in the world No cut IN rates neeu us s
iooksd Tor in Brooklyn until the expiration Vi
,hs sx,sting contract and perhaps not theh.
Ex-Mayor Wurster. who was IN once Mnvn
.ha wrsy law took effect said last night: III II, rs
sxceedingly doubtful about the o'-ceh. rate -,
Sssnbs,tsn being permanent 1t looks TO me 10
he merely a fight between competitors ana al,eI
they get cooled off they'll get together anu n,
The nTice higher than ever. in order 10 &c, Dan m
what they have lost Several years aso III
rsrookIyn there was a fight between the CON-
nsnies and the price was cut to 81 Ai'e.
While peace was declared, ana the price ln isn
,~as exea for a time at 81 20. don't oeheVe the
new rate will be permanent.