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The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18
NUTRITIVE AND STlMULANT
MANURES.

The word fertilizer" has wide def.
inition, because it really includes every
thing that adds to the fertility OF the
soil. Fertilizers may be divided into
| two classes-direct and indirect-or
nutritive and stimulant. Direct or
nutritive fertilizers furnish the eIe-
ments OF plant food needed to give sus-
tenance and vigor to the gro wing crops.
In other words, they hold the same re-
lation to plant that bread and meat
bear to man. This claes Of fertilizers
is of the greatest Importance, and
therefore deserve special consideration
at the hands Of farmers.
When we speak of nourishment for
the plant we refer to those elements Of
plant food which must be supplied to
them by man. The value Of these ele-
ments has been 60 thoroughly estRb-
lished, and is 90 we'll known, that to
speak about them is very much like
telling an old story. The elements are
nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash,
and upon their proper use depends
largely the success or failure of farmers
crops. These three elements Of plant
food can be purchased on the market
in various forms. Nitrogen, for ex-
ample, can be procured in the shape Of
nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia,
dried blood, fish scrap, tankege and
cotton seed meal. A. the same time il
can be supplied to the soil still more
economically by the cultivation Of a
legume like clover or peas, which crops
possess the peculiar and distinctive
property of absorbing nitrogen from
the atmosphere and transferring it to
the soil.
The forms in which phosphoFic acid
EOONTTNUED ON PAGE
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18
DEEP OR SHALLOW FLOWING.

"Poor Richard" who originated
many sayings th8s cannot be taken
literally in these days, must no doubt
be held responsible for many mistakes
from following his advice to
''PIow deep while sluggards sleep
And you shall have grain to sell and
keep"
Thos, Convey, one of the directors
of Wisconsin Institutes, has this to say
on this subject:
''Now, with reference to the matter
of blowing deep or shallow. 1t is a
subject that every farmer should care
fully study from his own standpoint.
Some subsoils are comparatively rich
in fertility. There, Of course, the soil
may be deepened by deep ploWing, but
the blowing should be little deeper
each year until the desired depth is
obtained. Where grass or manure is
plowed under Of course it is better to
plow shallow unless it might be for q
root crop and Of course deeper plowing
would have to be depended upon in
that case, but for a corn crop on grass
land, and especially grass land top
dressed with manure, shallow blowing
-four or fve inches in depth-WiIl
give good results. There is q serious
objection to shallow blowing, and that
is, the deeper soil is prepared, the
greater the capacity of the soil to take
up and retain moisture, 80 that if the
soil is deep it will take up the rainfall
to the full point of saturstion. 1t has
been determined that land prepared to
the depth of ten inches will take up
two inches of rainfall, which would be
an extremely heavy rain, Of course"
Probably in Franklin's day deep
blowing would have been what Mr..
Convey calls shallow-foUr or FIVE
inches in depth. The times have
changed since 1850 A. D.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18
AGRICULTURE.
The cow PEA.
The Cheapest Sourse of Nitrogen and a
Splendid Forage Crop.

The Cheapest Sourse OF Nitrogen and q
Splendid Forage Crop.
Correspondence Of the Progressive Farmer.
For many years the COW pea has
been used by our best farmers in the
South to renovate the soil. OF course
the story to them is old, but there are
SO many new farmers coming on each
year, and 80 many who have to have
''line upon line and precept upon pre-
cept," that it seems necessary to tell
often OF the benefits to be derived from
the COW pea.
Oar Northern farmers are waking up
to the advantages to be gained by
planting this valuable crop though the
seed have to be imported from the
South each year. The pea crop is
valuable to the farmer in three ways
1t is one of the best of feeds either
cut as hay, or allowed to mature and
the seeds used for feed. It is very rich
in nitrogen and in fact is rich in all
the nutrients. Cut just at the proper
time and nicely cured it makes almost
a perfect food.
have seen mules doing hard ploW-
ing kept in splendid condition fed on
nc thing but pea vine hay.
The peas ground up into meal make
a most excellent food for mich COWS
when fed in connection with other
food not so concentrated.
To be convinced that it is one of our
best feeds, one needs but to try it.
2. The mechanical effect of q pea
crop on the soil is very valuable. No
crop loosens up the soil and makes it
so porous and light as the pea crop
sowed broadc cast. There is a dense
mat of roots that fill the soil and when
they rot they leave the soil perfect
net work of little channels or canals.
These allow the water to soak in che
soil freely and serve to drain the soil
by causing the water to sink down and
pass out through the subsoil, which of
course is the ideal condition for many
reasons.
1t not only aids in drainage, but in
the working the soil the next season.
Every one knows who has worked
crop after peas that the soil is in the
best possible condition.
3 The chemical effect on the soil for
the succeeding crops is unsurpassed.
Whether to cut the crop, or turn it
under is question that will have to
be decided by each individual farmer;
and he will of course be governed by
the richness of the soil, what crop he
wishes to follow the peas, and by the
value Of hay in his section, and amount
Of stock on hand.
To illustrate: IL the farmer has no
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18

stock and could get but little for the
hay if cut and sold, then it would pay
to turn the crop under, but if he has
stock that could furnish home mar
ket for his hay, then it would pay and
pay we'll to cut and feed to them. II
the land is very thin and quite a dis
tance from the barn, it might pay then
to leave the peas on the land.
My advice, however, is to cut and
feed il possible, as We then get double
benefit.
If sowed for hay, they should be put
in broadcast, if for seed then the best
results are obtained from sowing thick
in drills about three feet apart and cul
tivating. Sow two bushels per acre
if broadcast and one peck il in drills.
As to the value of the pea crop from a
chemical standpoint, or as food for the
succeeding crop, it cannot be eur
passed. That it is one Of the best nitro
gen gatherers can be proven by look
ing on the roots of a good healthy vine
Hundreds of tubercles will be seen and
upon examination by a microscope
these will be found to be the habisation
of myriads of colonies of bacteria that
possess the peculiar faculty of taking
up free nitrogen and storing in up as
plant food. This of course is readily
available for the next crop, matters
not what that next crop may be-
The rest of the plant is very rich in
the three elements usually contained
in a fertilizer phosphorus,
and potash.
1t is so rich in nitrogen that on good
Ioamy soil, that element 10 usually left
out of the fertilizer that is applied to
that soil next year, especially as it
costs more per pound than the other
two combined.
So where a pea crop has been turned
under, or even where good pea stub
BILE has been turned under, it will be
economy to simply use phosphorus
and potash fertilizer.
This formula would suggest about
two parts Of phosphorus to two parts
Of potash: Say 400 pounds of acid
phosphate and 300 pounds kainit per
acre.
This mixture used on our ordinary
crops after a good pea crop will be
found very beneficial. Put in plenty
of phosphorous and potash and the
previous pea crop will do the rest.
Ny favorite varieties are the Black
or Stock pea, Unknown, Clay, Speckle
or Whippoorwill.
Try a crop one time and you will
continue to grow the best of food and
finest of land renovators.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18

The Soy bean, Incorrectly termed
Sofa BEAM which is gradually coming
into cultivation in this country as q
stock TODD, has been used as food for
man In Japan and China for hundreds
if not thousands of years, while lately
it has been also cultiFased in Europe
for this purpose. Although supposed
by many persons to bdindigestible, the
Soy bean is a food rich in nitrogen and
capable of largely taking the place of
meat for working man. In this re-
spect it ia much stronger than the or
dinary white navy or kidney bean. In
Japan very peculiar preparations are
made from it. A dish called natto is
prepared by boiling the beans in water
for five hours.
The hot mass is then wrapped in
straw, the bundles tied at both ends
and placed in a cellar in which fire
has been kindled. The cellar is then
closed for twenty four hours, and the
cooked beans allowed to ferment in the
warm, moist atmosphere. They are
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18

All the leguminous crops-clovers,
cow peas, vetches, field peas, etc.-are
deep feeders. They perform three i'm
p1rsant functions, absorbing free intro
gen from the cir, extending their roots
down into the sitter and more com
pact slbsoiI, loosen ing and opening it
and bring it's teTtil zing qualities up to
the surface where they can be utilized
by susface feeding crops, such as
cereals, grasses, root crops, etc. There
is no section of the country that is not
adapted to the growth of some legum-
inous plant, which will not only in the
manner indicated, improve the soil
conditions, but at the same time raise
a heavy crop Of forage.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18

The beautiful white laurel which will
soon be in blossom, is not only deadly
poison to sheep, but is poisonous to
cattle, horses and even goats. Even
cases Of human poisoning may occur
indirectly from eating the meat OF ami
mails which have eaten this shrub. Its
poisonous qualities are shown in ex
periments which have been made with
chickens which were fed laurel leaves
and then killed. Their meat, we'll
boiled and well cleansed, was fed to
cats with nearly fatal results. Cases
have been known Of children becoming
poisoned through eating the young
laurel shoots mistaking them for win
terRreen,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18

A writer in the Practical Farmer
says: have cured my horses Of collie
several times with common salt. Take
large handful and put it back as far
in the mouth as possible. Hold up the
head SO they cannot spit it out. More
salt will not hurt them. They will
generally be all right in an hour or two
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18
PRACTICAL FARM NOTES.

Written for The Progressive Farmer by
the ditors and Hon. Guy z. Mitchell
Have q patch of sorghum for your
hogs to run en-. There is no cheaper
way of giving them quick develop
ment and keeping them healthy and
Vignrous.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18

Has the L Largest
Circulation ard Is
the Oldest, LRrg-
est, and only all
Fome- Print Farm
Paper in that Rich
F ar m i n & and
Truckir & section
B etw en- Rich
mond, Va and
Savannah, Ga.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18

~ am standing ROVU Just behind the
sFtaSTs, and i4l fGGH glOtC Of the coming
,.irset. Behind igIe are the sbGdOtGs on
jae track, before me lies the dark oGlIey
md the rioeT. When I RIG7sgLe tCGth ste
lnrk tgdters I tCd8t to cast one lif1geT-
40 look upon q country IUhOse gOcerr-
stS7,t IS Of the people, for the people,
zfld by the DeODle, "-L. Z. Polk, July
lEb, 1880
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18

Money at our risk If sent by regisf cred letter
or money order. Please don't send stamps
Be sure to give both old and new addresses in
ordering change of pOstOfiCe.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18

Basis Of Advertising Rates: ten cents per agate
line. Liberal discounts for time and space.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18

Has the largest
circulation of any
family Rgricuitu.
raj or political
paper published
between &c h
mond and Atlanta
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18

[CoNTINUED on PAaE 81
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1899-04-18
PUBLISHED WEE KY

The date on your label tells you W. N your
subscription expires. Receipts for m 1ey on
label, If not properly changed in tive weeks,
notify us.
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08
OFF FOR YUMA.

Sheriff Scott White left Saturday with the contingent of prisoners who were sentenced to serve their respective terms in the territorial pentientiary at Yuma. Extra pre- cautions were taken to carefully guard the prisoners, for two are life termers. and some of them are des- perate characters and would not hesitate to escape if any chance or opportunity offered, regardless of any risks.
 The number of prisoners senteEc- ed to be confined at Yuma are six who, with the sentenced of the tive Halderman brothers who are to receive the death penalty, make total of eight prisoners who will pay the penalty of their crimes, as the result of this term of cour::.
 The following are the names of the prisoners, destined for Yuma, charges for which they were sent enced, and the term of each:
 Angel Otero-Murder, life.
 Punciano Acosta-Murder, life.
 Ramon Castro-Forgery, ) years.
 Jesus Devi la-Assaultto murder, 10 years.
 Juan Gonzales-Burglary. 2 years.
 Geo. Ayery-Burglary, . years.
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08
U. s. COMPANIES IN MEXICO.

The following extracts are from a letter to a western correspondent, by Consul Kindrick, of Ciudad Juarez:
 You desire to know in the first place, if company organized in the United States can do business in Mexico, by filing @ certified copy of the articles of incorporation in the distrlct in which it desires to be established.
 "The laws of Mexico seem very plain on this point. Provision is made for the establishment of com- panies such as you have in mind. It Is necessary that the companies shall register their constitution and bylaws, contracts, and other G0cu- ments referring to their business; ; also their last inventory, and If they have it, a certificate showing they are constituted in accordance with the laws of the United States or the respective states where they have been organized This certificate must be signed by the ambassador of Mexico to the United States, or by the Mexican consul.
 You desire to know if the Mex ican government taxes a mining corporation uponits capital stock, and at what rate.
 "There is no provision in the min- ing laws for taxing capital stock The Federal Executive promulgated the mining tax laws June 6, 1892, and therein provision is made for a yearly or annual payment of $10 (Mexican) for each 10000 square meters of land.
 "The legislative bodies of the diff ferent states can impose tax upon the output of the various mines To- cated and worked within their bor- ders. Each state has a different law. In this state (Chlhuahua) the tax is , per cent. on the gross amount of value of the mineral ex- tracted. ."-.Ujnes dnd Minerals.
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08

$2 50 day until further orders.
 The Board took up the e1amina- ton of the Original Assessment Roll.
 At 12 m. the Board took a recess until p. m,
 The Board met at , p. ID.
 Same members present.
 The Board continued with the examination of the Assessment Roll.
 At 4 p. m., the Board adjourned until Monday, July 3rd, 1899 at 10 o'clock 8. m.
 Attest, P. c. GOPHER, W, E. MARVIN, Chairman Board.
 Clerk, Board of Supervisors.
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08

A new 1C0-;on furnace is being erected on a line with the entrarco to the engine room at the Old Do- minion. This gives more room to the other furnaces. The englnc room is now one Of the best ia the territory, says the Globe Times. It is well lighted and roomy, The new smelter engine. simple Corliss 22x30, runs as smoothly as a bicycle. comparatively The heavy founda- ton does not allow the least jar. There is a No.1 Counersy.l.e blower in this room and space is left for another. that no doubt will be al ded before thc year closes. " J. Reynolds. oae of the engineers, Is very pro.I of lho machinery.
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08
A STATUE OF GOLD.

An associated press dispatch of June 18th from Denver says: The Colorado Paris exposition commis- sion today made a contract with F. D. Higbee, representative of one of the large statue casting firms in the country for solid gold statue for exhibition at the Paris exposition. The design represents an "up-tc- date girl" the figure of life size being east in solid gold IS karats fine, the cast with it's base being 6 feet 1 inches in height. It is csti- mated that million dollars worth of gold will be used. The pedestal is to be of copper and pure silver, standing feet s inches high, 5 feet square at the top aud 6 feet i inches at the base. Upon four pannels in bas relief it is intended to show re- presentative Colorado scenes. prob ably pictures of Cripple Creek, Eeadville, Pike's Peak and the San Juan country and other historical points. all wrought in pure silver
 On the base will also be four panels on which will be representations of
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08

A additional demand for copper wlll be created since the Tippler process of liquefying air has been discovered. This harmless looking stuff has the power of dynamite when confined. The only known stuff that it will not render brittle is copper, and it is transferred in. tanks made of that metal, open at the top. Scientists say that the use of liquifed air for refrigerating purposes is 8 certainty in the near future. There are many things Shat 1t will be used for and as cop per is the only metal that it wlli not disintegrate, it viii be seen that as it's use increses the demand for copper will iucrease.-Citi@ea.
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08
EFHEE New York World ThriC3-a- Meek Edition
Practically Daily af the price qfc G-ee5is

The striking and important events Of the last year have established the overw helming valu, of the THWCE-A- WEEK WORLD 10 every reader. For an almost nominal sum 1t has kept it's subscribers informed of the pro- gress oi all our wars and, moreover, has reported them aa promptly and fully as if t were a daily. With orr interests still extending throughout the world, wits our troops operating in the Philippines, and the great pres ident'al campaign, too, at hand, its value is further increased.
 The motto of the THRICG-A-WEEK WoELD is improvement. It strives each year to be better than l. was the year before, and public confidence in 1t is shown by the fact that It now circulatcs more than twice as many papers every week a~ any other news paper, not daily, published fn America.
 To all new subscribers We offer this meQuaIed newspaper and THE AHI- IONA SENTINEL together one year for &2.6J.
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08
PUBEEC OPINION !

GuIorro's STORE to It we cling, for
 GoODs that have the genuine TingS High class GROCERIES we get here, un-
 surpassed both far and nc arss En CANNED GoODs, they'.Cs a splendid show, Offirst-claSs brands whene'er We go Of SHOES and HATs as, all agree, the
 choicest quality here we C The purest bread and CAKES, 'twould
 seem, JOHN GHIOTTO's s are supIam z True va!ue in WINES, beyond compare,
 frst-class CLOTHING at prices fai Es On every thing we can rely, that JOHN
 GBInTTo does suppl V
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08

the scenic attractions of the four railroads of the state. In some artistic manner it is supposed to show the annual and total output of the precious metals of the state.
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08
Piles! Piles. ffrn7yg Piles,

SlNmoIs-Nois5uIe intense itching and stingir- most at night; worse by cratcling. If allowed to continue 5unurs form, which often bleed end ul- cerate, beeoniaS very so.e. SvAyNHs OINTMENT stops the itchipg aEd tlecdiuss heels alteration and in most cases removes the tamogs. Al dru--
 i-t-, or h5 mail, for 30 cents. Jr. svayHo |. Son, Fhladdi
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08
OFFICIAL MLNUT'ES
Of the Proceedings Of Board of Supervis- Ors of Yuma County Arizona.
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF SUPER-) VIsoRs of Yuma County, A. T., <
 Yuma, April 24th, 1899.

OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF SUPER-l
 vIsoRs of Yuma County, A. T,
 Yuma, April 24th, 1899.
 Board met pursuant to adjourn ment.
 Roll called.
 Chairman P. c. Cotter, Super visor c. V. Meeden, District Attor- ney and Clerk, present; Supervisor T. ". UnderhilI absent.
 Minutes of the previous meeting read and approved.
 Bids for care of 1ndigent sick opened, read and laid on the table.
 The Board authorized the Chair man to sign the contract with, and approve the bond of II. II. Robin son.
 The Chairman reports the sign ing ef the contract with, and the approval of the bond of H. H Robinson.
 The Board authorized the Chair man to approve the bonds of J I. Toler, Jesus Daniel and Juan No riega.
 The Chairman reports the ap- proyaI of the bonds of J. 1. Tolel and Jesus Daniel.
 The Internal Revenue stamp be- ing omitted from some of the bonds submitted, the clerk is instructed to notify the parties to furnish same before said bonds can be approved
 At 12:45 p. m, the Board ad journed to meet at } p. m.
 Board met at ? D. m., same members present. Moved, seconded and carried that all bids submitted for the furnish ] ing of medical attendance, med lcines, for care, food, clothing and lodging for the county indigent sick for the year beginning April 1st, 1899, and ending March 3ist, 1900, except that submitted by Miss Mary E. Post be rejected, and that her bid is hereby accepted and the Clerk is instructed to notify her of the acceptance of her bid and to file her contract and bond accord ing to law.
 Moved, seconded and carried that the Chairman is authorized to sign the contract with and approve the bond of Mary E. Post. The Chairman reports the signing of the contract with, and the ap- proval Of the bond of Mary E Post.
 A Modesti calling the attention of the Board to the fact that a mis- take had been made in computing the mileage due J. NJ. Collins as trial juror for the March term of court said mileage was 168 miles and he was allowed for 108 miles which account was assigned to A.. LNodesti, the Board orders voucher No. 51 cancelled and a new voucher for the sum Of $56.40 be drawn in settlement for said claim.
 4 petition being presented by s. A. Mustain and R, H. Theilman for right of way for a canal over, across and along the certain portions of the county road between the village i of Yuma, Arizona, 10 the Mexican line, the same appearing to the board being for public improve meat is hereby granted on the con dition that it will not obstruct public travel on the County Road
 At 4:3Q the Board adjourned sine die.
 Attest, ?. G. COTTER,  ". E. MARVIN, Chairman.
 Clerk, Board of Supervisors.
The Arizona sentinel., 1899-07-08
MOHA w K k
  Nf ton s Hotel, Stage and T8i6hp0ne Lines
FROM MOHAWK T0 TEXAS MILL
 ON 5. r. RAILROAD,

The ttage leaves Mohawk for Texas Hill on Tuesdaya, Thursdays and Saturdays at 6 o'clock a. m. and connects with the westbouud passenger train. Stage leaves Texas Hill for Mohawk at 9:30 a.. m. same days, on arrival of west bound passenger train.
 Parties wanting teams to meet thom on arrival of any train can tele- phone for them. Their orders will be promptly attended to. Rigs fitted out to take parties to the different mining camps on the ncrth side of the Gila River, King of Arizona Mines, the Oregonian Mines, Buena Vista and la Nexicana Mines, Mohawk Copper Mines, Etc, Etc.
 Good Hotel accommodations at Mo hawk. Ferry across the GiIa river.
 &E0. ". NOEsTOV,
 Mohawk. AE.1goEaa.