The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1899-01-08
Norrs on sorrvor 1xp IvpUsrnr.


NJ. salomonov, a Russian chemist, announces in.
Tnuentions tho discovery of an imprepnhtinR LIQUID
for incandescent gaSight mSntles which effects =
coloring of tho light. varying IL as may be desired.
Tho material by which this IL accomplished consists
of twelve parts by weight Of magnesium sulphate.
four paris Of zinc sulphato and one part OF potas.
Stun ~bichromate, or in it, stead from one to FIVE parts
Of ammonium bichromate, di, solved in from nifty to
one hundred parts OF distilled water. To the solu.
ton thus formed are added some drops Of q silver
nitrate. In this liquid tho nantes are dipped and
dried, such a mantle impartlng to the light a pale
red color, which can he intensified by the addition
OF n small quantity of stAnnic nitrate to the impreE-
mating liquid. II platinum tetraohloride IL substi.
tuted for the silver nitrate. tho light will have .
golden yellow color.
As motive power, the explosive force Of liberated
heat has. OF course. long been utilized. but It seems
that to the ingenuity of Rudolf Diesel, a Bavarisn
inventor, Is due the construction OF n practically
available heat motor. In this device. which 10 tech.
nicAlly explained a tmuch length in the foreign sci.
entinc journals. n sharp dist notion ia made between
the temperature of ignition and the temperature Of
combustion. The first OF these Ia a constant value at
each pressure and dependent only on the ply.
steal qualities of the fuel. tho higher the
pressure tho lower the temperature Of ignition.
The temperature of combustion, on the other hand.
is variable, depending on many conditions, and espe-
cially on the quality Of the air by which the combus-
tion IL maintained, but 10 always higher than the
temperature of ignition. Briefly. lDiesel's radical
departure from all previous practice IL defined 90
consisting in generating q combustion temperature
by mechanical compression OF pure air by inge-
niously adapted methods. utilizing this temperature %
to ignite the fuel, and by so introducing the fuel that
the heat lost by expansion IL practically balanced By -
the heat added by combustion.
CuriousIy enough, the fact appears. according to q
recent traveller among tho Indians of Catuquinarn.
bptwI ell the rivera EmDryh and Embyraau that
those people have long employed a wireless teleph.
ony, but rather after the order OF unwritten science.
1t iI made by digging n hole in the ground inside q
house and laying the bottom with coarse sand, we'll
piled; on this is laid a wooden drum or hollow
cylinder Of wood. half nlled with hne sand and
layers of broken wood, bone. and powdered mica
the upper part Of the cylinder, which 10 empty,
rising above the floor of the hut and closed hvt
by leather. then by wood, and lastly by india rub,
Der. Outside, the cylinder is packed round with
fragments of wood, leather and resins. and covered
with hard rubber at tho level of the soil. To use
this peculiar apparatus the drum is struck by .
wooden hammer. and the vibration In evidently
transmitted through the soil. The answer ia heard
in the drum, which acts as a resonRtor, and messares
are thus sent over 1900 yards from house to house. ,
Tho desired success appears to have attended the
Introduction into Herr Joseph scholz's color print
ing establishment at Mayence OF a new process by
which the surfaces of aluminium plates are 30 treated,
chemically. as to become improved substitutes for
the usual photographic stones. The advantages
alleged of these plates are, primarily. one-third less
cost the price of stones. and freedom from liability a.
to fracture under heavy or irregular pressure:
furthermore, they occupy so little space that 100
can be stored in the room of a single stone, thus
saving labor, carriage and handling. The statement
is likewise made that they last much longer. The
quality of the work produced therefrom is pro-
nounced excellent as compared with the ordinary
product. Moreover. the adoption OF this new
rnatbnJ p1y M nltnrat;np ~ oxl.tio- obk-.
the substitution of one adjunct for another.
Considerable discussion has naturally been elected
by the recent announcement Of newly discovered
gases in the atmosphere. an especially interesting
fact being brought to public notice by Prof. Berthe
lot in the Complies Rendui. viz. that the green line of
krypton almost exactly comedies with the green line y
of the aurora spectrum. and the suggestion 10 conse-
quently made that the element in question should .
be called eosium. Further. DR.. Arthur Sohuster, In :.
Nature, shows that the spectrum of metargon <
closely resembles that OF carbon plus that of cynno-
! gen; but Prof. Ramsay. while recognizing the great :.
similarity mentioned, has brought forward evidence
which would seem to render 1t very improbable that
any form of carbon could be present, as the metar-
gon spectrum remains the same in spite of every
effort to remove any carbon present either as an elo-
ment or a compound.
German hrm-name and address not mentioned
lis reported in the textile Journals to have i'm.
proved upon inc ordinary HetnOu OF purifying TINS .
waste water from wool washing. In carrying out
this process, the coarse impurities, such as clay.
sand and wool hbres, are first removed. and the
water conveyed to a cistern. where 1t is I treated with
an acid solution of chloride OF calcium. which con-
verts the alkai soaps into insoluble lime soap.
the latter in such operation settling down and
carrying with it the dirt and wool fat present.
To separate the unaltered wool fat from the rest OF
the precipitatel matter. the mass is washed in pans
about 20 feet deep and IL feet wide, SO that the
lighter wool fat floats to the surface. tho separation
being facilitated by increasing the density OF thu
water by an addition Of soluble, neutral saltn. The
residual lime soap and dirt are worked up for the
manufactur, of oil gas or potash. while the wool fat
is recovered by fltration-or. preferably. by solu- &C.,
ton in benzol, &c.-and when thus purified is sold
for various medicinal and industrial purposes. the
whole constituting a profitable series OF operations.
In a communication to the Societe d'Encourago-
mcnt de l'Indus RE Rationale. NJ. SaGlio gives in de- =
tail an account of his researches in the line OF highly POI,
expansive engmels. and the important scientific and
industrial bearings of such characteristic. HI found ,
that silica. kaolin. petalite and zircon impArt TO the
enamel infusibility, but lessen the expansiyeneGs;
that cAlcic phosphate Increases the expansivenesS.
gives viscosity TO the enamel in fusion. imparting
to it also a certain insolubility. and that cryolite,
fuorspar, and. above all. rutile. which seems
to fix the boracic acid we'll. increase tho e-
pansiveness and huidity of the enamel. II 10 of
course familiar TO all that the use Of enamel a. IN
insnlator for resistance wires or electric heating
and cooking apparatus is now general, and
manufacturers have by careful experiment. ascer.
tanned which of the various enAmels give tho moot
favorable results. The desderata are that the eI.
ransion of the enamels be about the same as that Of
the metals employed, and that the enamel be NOT
very brittle. -.
j.
There appears to be no limitation to tho industrial
uses of cottonseed oil. and these. OF course, are null
tiplied by the constantly developing improvements
made in the refining processes. A marked advances
in this last respect is that the yellow oil resulting
from the first refining process. through treatment
with alkaline solutions. now further purified by
heating and filtration: then the white oil of COM
merce is obtained by shaking the yellow oil with = e.
to 3 per cent. Of fullers earth. In purifying the yell
low oil about 25 per cent. of II Is separated in thu
form of stcarin, and the latter is employed in nah