Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1899-05-27
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in this country is chalk said wholesale
dealer in the article to a representative of
The Star 1t comes from the banks oil
the River Thames, and between 1Ij,ND and
10000 barrels of the material are con-
surned in the United States annually In
its crude form remarkable flint fossils are
sometimes found. usually the remains of
fish. The process of manufacture from the
natural state to that of a form when 1t can
be utilized for commercial purposes Is sim
pie. When received at the English mill
the chalk is put into great machines and
ground in water. 1t is then foated OFF
into waits of clear water. where all the i'm
puritleS and foreign substances are pre-
cipitated the water being afterward drawn
of by a series Of fltering operations, and
the soft residuum dried by steam heat and
exposure to the air. The substance Is then
reduced to a powder of different degrees
of fiheness by grinding in a burr mill and
betting, when il is ready TO he packed IN
barrels and shipped for use
In America the largest consumers of
chalk are the rubber goods manufacturers
Rubber in its crude state being sticky, I'M
manageable. and available only for very
simple purposes. becomes vulcanized and
hardened by adding to it chalk while it Is
hot. thus rendering it suitable for the va
rious uses to which it is put. A large
quantity of chalk is also employed in the
preparation of paint and putty, being
termed whiting when in this form.
X x
''One reads so many stories about animal
Intelligence that it would be hazardous for
a doubter to express his disbelief in al
most any gathering of men at the present
day" remarked a well-knOwn western ply
sCian to a Star writer recently. "A little
instance came within my own observation
number of years ago when was study
ing medicine that convinced me that the
members Of the horse family should, at
least be credited with the possession of a
very considerable amount of reasoning
power II was the custom for the students
at the medical institution at which l pur-
sued my studies To Wear a small badge
upon their coats TO distinguish them from
others a the college. A horse belonging TO
the establishment used a great deal
about the medical department. and the ami
nal seemed TO have a special preference
for the embryo doctors. Wen. one day,
while number of us were gathered in a
little circle upon a lawn in the rear of the
college, the animal in question which used
TO be turned loose to nip the grass in the
location. came toward the group limping
very badly. He came to stop dozen or
more feet away from the crowd and. care
fully surveying the lOt of US, finally made
up his mind what he wanted to do, and
without any hesitation Iirnped directly to
my side. whinnied. stuck his nose against
my body and held up his left fOreleg.
Looking down, | discovered a large nail i'm
belded in the frog Of his hO0f This had
evidently caused the Iameness. and I soon
realized the Interesting fact that the ami
NAL desired ne to attend TO his foot | eX-
tracted the nail with some difficulty, and
the horse whimpered with relief and walk
ed away. Being curious to know why the
beast had picked me out TO attend to his
wound ! glanced my elbow students
and found the solution 10 the problem. Not
one of the group had his medical badge
upon his coat but myself. The horse had
therefore plainly recognized the insignia
and acted accordingly"
The deserted village of Allaire, in Mon
mouth county, " J., has recently become
show place to which flock hundreds of
pedestrians and bicyclists every Sunday. 1t
was once one Of the most prosperous viii
lagos in the state. with fOundries and
mills. churches and pretty villas. The dis
Covery of bog ore in the vicinity of the
village was the reason for it's rapid growth
away back in 1s5D, but the development of
the PennSylvs MIA iron mines so cheapened
the product of the Allalre bog mines
that gradually the nhabitants OF the viii
Iage left and the rows Of cottages, big
foundries and mills were abandoned and
allowed To fall into decay Today the viii
lage is merely d resort for sightSeers, who
roam or ride about the silent and grass
covered streets and gaze curtouSly through
broken windows and doOrless Railways into
dilapidated old buildings that were once
pretentious homes OF the seats of great
ana thriving INDUSTRY
In speaking TO the writer about the silk
werm and the way in which it spins it's
beautiful web naturalist who has spent
many years in studying the industrious little
insect while at work, recently said: The
is in the first place the Iarva of a
sn all moth which is Matched from an egg
in the spring in a natural state at about
May. in a temperature Of seventy degrees
They may, however, be Matched at any
time provided the temperature is main
tanned They are very tiny at the start
and after coming mo the world have a
sick period of some two days Before spin-
ming they cast their skin four separate
times. and when they arrive at what is
called the last stage which is Just before
the cocoon is begun. the greatest care and
attention Is required. and in silk-growine
countries the attendants are obliged 10 set
up day and night in order that the worms
may nave abundant food. for in the lasr
stage they require more nourishulent than
hey have had before all told During this
ilme they will mol move from the mulberry
leaves on which they feed but upop tho
eishtn Gay hey begin TO look about for a
suitable rwiE upon which 10 spin their CO.
S'"nS- NTrrt this is found they begin ro
weave about them the cocoon rhrnuf1o
the me Sllken tilament from the spInneraf
which Is situated in the lower lip Tn MIA
.hsi'' ISSUES At the rate of from four to six
Per minute, the worm liking in
thdt time SlNty-five ellipticai rnOtfons of
Us head or total of 3nH.Ooo in an average
cocoon. which requires from three 10 five
JAYS 70 complete. The walls of this silken
dwelling are composed Of from eight To
ten distinct layers. each Of which j. conn
pIr1ed separately Having spun himself
away the worm goes into the chrysalis state
and remains there from ten to fifteen DAYS
3;,H tnen develops into the moth. Before
iAlS last change takes place the insect Is
k-'td WITHIN his house and the silk is then
IHW"uUd 10y ingenious mechanical de-
wee and you have your raw silk
mere are 81 known species of siIk-pro-
&HrHE insects, the largest portion Of them
h"-AS natives Of Africa. Asia and Ans
FA.la North America has sixteen native
SH' "AS excite species. Ten to twelve
p'Ai'iS OF leaves consumed by the worms
produce one pound Of cocoans. and three
aid three-9oarter pounds Of cocoons WELD
ore pound Of raw silk
K
\ S''ih'on doesn't take the fly as a trout
does. AMI il never rises to one wbira 3. -