The age-herald., 1898-05-30
INSTRUCTIONS
 TO THE ARMY Government Orders No. 100 of 1863 Being Reissued. ELABORATE AND COMPLETE Cover Almost Every Conceivable Feature of Military Conduct and Usage in Time of War and Definition of Many
 Terms Used.
ELABORATE AND COMPLETE

Washington. May 29-General orders No. 100 of April 2I. 1s6s comprising instructions for the government of armies of the United States in the field have been re-issued and are being sent to the various conl- manders for their guidance during the present conflict with Spain. These instruc- tions were prepared by Francis Liebsr, u. IL. D., father of the present judge ad- Vocate general of the army, and were pub nshed at the direction of President Lincoln a1ter being formally revised by a board or oineers, of which Major-General E. A. Hitchcock was present. They were adopt ca by both France and Prussia In the war between those countries five years after the civil contest here and were the bases upon which general conference after wards acted in drawing up an agreement on this subject. The instructions make twenty-four pages of print and cover al- most every conceivable feature of military conduct and usage in time of war and a definition of many of the terms used. They embrace ten sections as follows:
 THE TEN SECTIONS.
 Section 1.-Martal law, military jurisd C. tion, military necessity, retaliation.
 Section 2.-Public and private property of the enemy, protection of persons, and es- pecially of women, of religion, the arts and sciences, punishment of crimes against the Inhabitants of hostile countries.
 Section S.-Deserters. prisoners of war;, hostages, booty on the battlefield.
 Section 4.-Partisans, armed enemies not belonging to the hostile army scou s, armed providers war rebels.
 Section 5.-Safe conduct, spies, war traitors, captured messengers, abuse of the flag of truce.
 Section 6.-Exchange of prisoners. flag of truce, flags of protection.
 Section 1.-The parole.
 Section S-Armistice, equalization.
 Section 9-Aszassination.
 Section 1O-Insurrection, civil war, rebel lion.
 MARTIAL LAW EXPLAINED.
 Martial law is explained as simply mili- tary authority exercised in accordance with the laws and usages of war. A place, district or country occupied by an enemy stands, in consequence of the occupation, under martial law It extends to property and to persons whether they are subjects of the enemy or aliens of that government. Whenever feasible martial law is carried out in cases of individual offenders by military courts, but sentences of death shall be executed only with the approval or the chief executive, provided urgency or the case does not require a speedier execu- ton than then only upon the approval or the chief commander Martial law should be less stringent in places In countries fully occupied and fairly conquered.
 lxxaffC nf destruction of life or limb of ''arned" ene- mics and of other persons whose oestruc- tion is incidentally unavoidable" in the armed contests of the war. Military ne- cessity does not admit of cruelty-that is, the inf1iction of suffering for the sake of suffering, or for revenge nor of maiming or wounding except in fight, nor of torture to extort confessions It admits of deception but discaims acts of perfidy.
 When commander of besieged place expels the non-combatants in order to les sen the number of those who consume his stock of provisions, 1t is lawful, though an extreme measure. to drive them back so as to hasten on the surrender. Com manders whenever admissible may inform the enemy of their intention to bombard place, but it is no nfraction of the common
 
 Retaliation will never be resorted to as a measure of mere revenge, but only as means of protective retribution, and more- over, cautiously and unavoidably that Is to say, retaliation shall only be resorted to after careful inquiry into the real occur renee and the character of the misdeeds that may demand retribution.
 APPRoPRIATEs ALL MONEYS. 
 victorious army appropriates all pub lie money, sezes all public movable proper ty until further directed by it's government and sequesters for its own benef fit or that of its government all the revenues of real property belonging to the hostile govern- ment or nation. The tile to such real property remains in abeyance during mili- tary occupation and until the conquest is made complete. The United States &C., knowledge and protect in hostile countries occup ed by them relieion and morality strictly private property. the persons of the inhabitants. especially those of women, and the sacredness of domestic relations.
 Deserters of the American army having entered the service of the enemy suffer death if they fall into the hands of the United States. It is against the usage of modern war to resolve in hatred and re- venge to give no quarter. Outposts. sen- tinels or pickets are not to be fired upon except to drive them in or when positive order. special or general, has been issued to that effect. Whoever intentionally inflicts additional wounds upon an enemy already wholly disabled or kills him or directs that this shall be done, shall suffer death if convicted.
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