davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-05-22
QUEER CURRENCY IN WEST AFRICA
ONLY COWRIE SHELLS AND SLAVES USED IN
BUSINESS
From The Contemporary Review.

From The Contemporary Review.
The only recognized currency In Kano ana
throughout the greater part Of the West African
Near the coast three hundred cOwrie shells
renraeent the value of an English penny. In
the far interior The value Of shell Is doubled
Even mere ten shillings worth Of money weighs
a hundred pounds. CoWrie shells are, indeed,
a perfect caricaturc of what currency should
be- lacking as they do the three characteristics
which according to political economists. me
dunn of exchange should possess namely, IN
trinsc value. scarcity and portability. Where
any larger amount is concerned than can easily
he paid in shells slaves are used as the medium
Of exchange. \ sort of feudal system prevails
throughout the greater part or West AFRICA,
the smaller towns paying annual tribute 10 the
larger Thus kano has upward OF two hun
dred towns which pay tribute t. us KING. while
il in turn paws tribute To SOkOtO. Nearly tn"
whole of this tribute is paid in slaves. Were
slavery suddenly abolished tle whole system OF
government would hc diSOrGanZcd. ana II would
he impossible for most II the towns to find any
other currency in which to pay. What ob|l-
OlSy needs tO be done is to Introduce a rcSu-
lar coinage. This can only De done by the
presence in largely increased numbers OF
Europeans in the country. by whose means any
coin which might he thought desirable would
soon obtain "A ciro ulation. The only coin which
is at present recognized in the interior is the
Maria Theresa dollar. This coin. which is made
in Vienna and bears date 1850. is manufactured
exclusively for export to Central Africa IL con
tans about two shillincS' worth OF silver ana
It's purchasing value in the SOudan varies from
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-05-22

belief that all human He would be destroyed by
the conclusion within one hundred yards OF such
an explosion. While the range Of the projectes
Is limited to about two and one half miles, and
some OF Fort Hancock's guns are effective at
targets ten or twelve miles distant, the devas-
ia,ing effect ~ the latters shells IL trivial
pared with that Of the dynamite charge. and the
accuracy Of the pneumatic guns is marvellous
up 10 the limit of their range Submarine tor
pedoes have been known 10 hit n large, the size
OF ships broadsiie nearly 4 mile away. but
the tactical distance Of torpedo boats laid
down by naval strategists does not exceed five
hundred yards under most favorable circum-
stances. The guns at Sandy Hook are thor
oughiy protected against bombardmcnt.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-05-22

the magnetic elements and the occurrence OF
thunderstorms seem to be affected by peIiou
% twentv-six days ma OF It's first multiple, the
subject requires n good deal OF further STUDY
before we can be sure as to the exact nature o,
the period Even though 1t may be conslderea
as proved IL must not be necessarily assumed
that 1t is due to solar action. If 1t was ques-
ton merely Of magnetic disturbances there does
not seem to he any great improbability, however
that some periodicity may be connected with the
SUMS rotation about its axis, especially at times
OF great sun-spot activity.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-05-22
PERIODS ~ WEATHER.
From Nature.


a number Of Investigations have been made
on tn" connection Of various terrestrial phenOm-
ena with the period Of rotation Of the sun. but
the results obtained have not been definite
enough to establish the reality of a twenty six
day period Of meteorological phenomena.
In connection with this question Professor Ar
thur Schustcr subjects the methods Of finding
hidden periOdicitics small periodic variations
hidden behind irregular fluctuations vigorous
analysis in 'Terrcstrial Magnetism" fMarch).
with the object of Introducing a little more
scientific precision into the treatment Of prob
lens involving hidden pcriOdictics. and OF ap-
plying the theory Of probability In such "a way as
to assign a definite number for the probability
that the effects found by means OF the usual
methods are real. and not due 10 accidental cir
cumstances The methods described show the
lines which Investigations on the pcrodicity of
phenomena should follow. and point to several
interesting subjects to which they may profit
ably be applied AS to results already published,
Professor Schuster concludes.
The general result Of critical examination
OF the published Investigations on the twenty
six day period leads me to think that although
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-05-22
NEBRASKA'S MANY BIRDS.

From The Omaha Bee.
Nebraska is dstnctvely the bird centre Of
the United States 1t contains species
than any other State in the Union. and Orni-
biologists who have studied its feathered pos
sessions have classified All distinct species that
may be seen within its boundaries. or these
Dds species breed here and the remainder are
migrants who drop in on us at certain seasons
and then pass TO their breeding grounds
The natural features of Nebraska are largely
responsible for this remarkable variety OF feath-
cred population 1t includes q diversity Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-05-22

country that offers attractions for hundreds OF
sOngsters. For instance, the hooking bird ana
the cardinal grosbeak, which are distinctlvely
Southern birds, frequently appear in the south
eastern corner of the State, and In the west we
have a large number of what are usually re-
Earded az mountain birds, but which come down
from the foothills at intervals to the kingdom
Of Quivera.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-05-22
SZCZEPANfK AND HIS WORK.
THE TELECTROSCOPE AND ITS INVENTOR

THE POLISH sCHOoI.MAsTER STILL a YoUNGsTER
AND AUTHOR OF OTHER DEvIcEs-A PAGE
OF PRINT OR WRITING INSTANTANEOUS
IL REPRODUCED AT a DISTANCE.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22
STATE FUSION vs. NATIONAL
s FUSION.

Special Correspondence Of Progressive Farmer.
In your comments on Senator But
ler's somersault at Greenville, Texas,
you say some things in defence Of
State fusion whilst condemning Ma
tionsl fusion, which I wish TO notice
briefly. You say National CO opera
ton has never been anything but q
snare and a delusion, q product Of the
brain of the most treRcheroUs element
Of the Democratic party" We cannot
rightly shift the responsibility for tu
sion to the leaders Of any other party
than our own. The treacherous o
duct was on the part OF our own lead
ers. The Democrats could not have &C
complished any thing-Would not have
attempted it even-if they had not
found ready tools among W. lead
ers. These leaders were the men who
had been trained in State fusion and
gotten personal benefit from it. State
fusion leads naturally and inevitably
to National fusion, and one is no better
and no worse than the other.
If it is right to CO operate to defeat
wicked and secure just Legislation IN
the State, then it is equally so nation
ally. In one respect, State fusion is,
in my Judgment, the woTst-it poisons
at the fountain head.
They are equally destructive. They
not only cut eff recruits bnt diminish
our forces, This h8s been the result
whenever trisd. Look at our party in
our own State. In 1899 we had Az, 600,
Democratic count. Mr.. Wilson, our
State Chairman In that contest, says
he can prove that we were cheated out
of IL 600 votes. This would give US
$4,000 Now what was III vote in
1885, As there was opposition in oul
party to our candidate for Governor,
will take the vote Of Mr.. Dockery
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22

Notwithstanding that party, as pre-
sently organized, is dominated by the
gold trust, There can be no success
over monopoly IN the South so long as
the ''nlgger' Issue Is brought up IN
every campaign IN order TO appeal to
the passions n pISjuGsces If men.
But we do not Detleve the Ransom
Simmons macnIne is Sincere in It's cry
Of ''nlgger,' ano vs. oun'G believe that
party Will allow any plan 60 be enacted
thai will take she negro issue cue OF
politics L. Is served nelr purpose
so we'll that 5ney viii not willingly
give 1t up. and II that Ell melt dCmi-
mates the Legislature, we predict that
it will preserve the ''nIgger ISSUE" fer
future campaigns. IL viii be especially
useful to them in 1900 Il keep Bryan
ism and PopuIism IN the rear.-Char-
IotUe Peoples Paper.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22

1t was 80, 900 just half the vote OF
1892. Surely no comment is needed.
In 1894 all the advocates of fusion
said we will not have fusion but this
one time. l insisted that this was a
delusion, as an evil course once started
on would be continued 10 until retribu
ton, that is inevitable, overlook it
Besides this, as fusion would not only
stop growth but diminish our numbers,
fusion would be continued in indeh
niUely, in order to retain what Yves
gained. This you now, IN effGcg, de-
fend. Under these conditions what
becomes of our National organiz2tionf
If u party ia stified in the States
continuously by fusion, will it ever be
worth anything nationally9 As our
greatest wrongs are National, will it
be wise to maintain a party that by
mismanagemont in the States actually
blocks the way to real National re
form? / trow not. True reformers
will sooner or later demand something
more than this. A young reform party
cannot continue to live at this poor dy.
ing rats. 1t must go forward or die
out.
You say fusion in our State was nee
essary in order to overthrow the Dem
ocratic oligarchy. How did fusion &C
complish this7 Simply by securing a
majori4y of the votes. II is manifest
that it was only necessary for the PEG
Piles party to have secured a M jority
to have done the same thing. We
could have done this if we had made
a persistent, manly fghE. The Repub,
lican party was at that time greatly
discouraged and demoralized, and
would have come to us in greatly In.
creased numbers to help defeat their
old enemy if we had stood bravely to
our guns.
We have sinned againlt light and
knowledge in this matter Of fusion.
More than one promising movement
stree the war has been killed by fu-
sion Must the Peoples party share
the same fRte7
GEORGE E. roGGs.
Waynesville, Aug. &c, 1898.
The above was written as will be
seen, several months ago; but Mr.
Boggs, finding fusion decided upon,
thought it best not 20 publish it until
after the election.-EDs
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22
STICK A PIN HERE.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
One Of the negro lam,ty howlers OF
Cumberland county, 7lat township,
who, by the way, is looking onward
to a seat in the Congress Of 1900, re
Gently had che gall &C threaten to with
draw patronage from one of Oumber
lands best public school teachers be-
cause said teacher voted the Populist
ticket in the recent election
Said negro-l8mity bowler also asked
said teacher &c withdraw his app;ica-
ton for said school.
Is this the beginning of red shirt De
mocracy9 Yours,
II M FILLYAW.
Dial, N. c., Nov. 16 1898
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22
HESSIAN FLYNN TaE UNITED
STATESa

THE Hessian Fly in the United
Ste les" This is the title Of Bul et,n
No. 16, new series, Division of Eato
mology, soon TO be issued by the U S..
Department Of Agriculture. Il was
prepared, under the direction CT the
Entomologist, by Herbert OSBORN, Pro
fessor of Zoology and Entomology,
Agricultural College, Ames, Iowa. and
contains many facts concerning the
life history, food habits, and parasitic
enemies Of this farm pest.
The bullentin states that the Hessian
fly probably ranks next to the chinch
bug ga a farm pest in the United States,
and its ravages in other countries have
long been known and appreciated. 1t
received it's name in the belief that it
had been introduced into this country
by the Hessian soldiers during the war
| OF the Revolution.
An account of it's original habits, it's
very wide distribution throughout the
wheat growing regions of Europe and
America, and the IA OF dlsaribu-
tion are given in the bulletin, together
with descriptions of the male and
female insects, the eggs, the larval
forms ard development. food plants,
natural enemies and remedies.
1t also contains a list of all the i'm
portant papers on the Hessian fly that
have appeared in America and such Of
the foreign works as are of value 80 the
American student.
The bulletin is illustrated with a
frontispiece 2plates, and s text figures.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22

The Major Finds Now b he IS Not
Eligible to Office audi is in Deep Trouble
---ae Never Killed a Negro, Never Be-
Ionged to a Secret Political Society,
Red shirters Nor Ku Klux, and Hence
Cannot Hold Office.
B.-"Hellol Mr.. Editor"
R-"Hellol Mejor. Any news to-
day4"
B.-"Well, not much. Erbout the
only things I kin think ov are my W
troubles. They are purity nigh gtttin'
the best ov me-"
R.-"What is your trouble now9"
B.-"You see I concluded when l
herd that we he'd carried the State
that 1 would git up ter the pie counter
early in the game an git in the trough
with awl my feet. So I went ground
an got a petishuu sIned by a~l the
prominent an cmshial Gymakrats IN
my seckshun. 1 left the place blank
that l wanted, so if I missed fire on
one I could be sure ter giT another. Ny
intentshun wuz ter look purity high a5
first; then If that failed ter roost on q
lower limb. Then went ter the county
chairman an axed fer hiz signature.
He axed me ter cit down an then began
ter cross. question me like a lawyer. He
sed he wanted ter find out if | wuz
eligible ter ohs before he would sine
hiz name. I tole him I het bin a true
blue awI my life; that 1 he'd bin whip
ped but he'd never lowered my flag;
that I wuz a dymakrat " dymakrats.
I tole him that my folks he'd bin regis
tered IN the dymakrat herd book rum
the DAYS ov Tom Jefferson; that no
matter whether aroused by the power
full speeches ov Jefferson or a negro
dominsshun nitemare editorial by
Josephus Daniels, they he'd Rwlways
responded ter the call ov duty, whether
they wanted ter or not. The chair
man then sed: Z .ke, heV you ever
killed a niggerF" l tole him had not
He sed: Have you ever belonged 60
the Ku Klux or the Red Shirts, or the
White Government UniOneG" l tole
him I never had the honor ter be mixeo
up in any ov these Things Then he
sed: "WeiI, Zske, your chances are
purity slim. Ican't sine your petishun,
fer 1 don't think you are eligible. The
omses are goIn' ter be given ter these
who hev thrown their hearts into the
wurk. They must go ter men who
hev records behind them, records that
mean something, Your record sounds
too much like you hev bin o ov them
guide little boys we read erbout in the
Sunday school literature. I'll do the
best 1 kin fer you, but 1 don't see how
you kin hope fer anything" tell you
this made my revolutionary blood
bile red hot. Gude-bye."
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22
MORE THAN EAsE

am more than pleased with Il
PROGRESSIVE FARMER as an Advertise
medium, My al. in 1T is bringing
many inquiries, many more than II
pected, and what is better, it is bril-
ing me orders with the cash. !
those who wish to reach the farm!
and poultrymen of that great farm
ing aud trucking section betWe
Richmond, Va, and Savannah, g
there is no better medium than I
PROGRESSIVE FARMER by which to do
Hardly one tenth o. the replies to
ad. mentioned your paper, but O
am running an ad. in no other pap
l know that it is your paper that
doing the work.
WALTER L WOMBLE,
Breeder of Thoroughbred Fowls, =
eigh, N. @.
February 26 1899
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22
FIRST DO IT THEN TALK 1T.

A chaplain in the army during the
war was passing over the field, when
he saw a wounded soldier upon the
ground, He had his Bible under his
arm and he stopped down and said t.
the man, would you like me to read
you something from the Bible2
The wounded man said, I'm so
thirsty, 1 would rather have a drink of
water"
The chaplain hurried off, and as
quickly as possible brought the water.
After the man had drunk the water he
said, "Could you lift my head and put
something under it7"
The chaplain removed his light
~overcoat, rolled it up and tenderly
lifting the head, put it as a pillow for
the tired n to rest on.
Nov" said the man, "if / only had
something ove me. I'm so cold"
There was only one thing the chap
lain could do and that was to take his
coat eff and cover the man. As he
did 50 che wounded man locked Up in
his face and said, For Gods sake. if
there is anything in that book that
makes a man do for another what you
have done for me, lee me hear it,"
There is q world Of meaning Ia this
II csdent. The need of TO day is the
acting of the object lessons that book
teaches. -EX.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22
Charlotte, N. @.
AN ~RFFzCTUAL REMINDER.

Few good people practice go we'll as
they pray, which shows that they pray
without thinking, and then act with
out remembering what they said when
they prayed:
In leading family devotion one bit
ter c)ld morning, a praying, but not
very practical professor of religion,
asked God to remember and pity the
poo, feed the hungry and c!othe the
naked. 1t so happened that while he
and his family were eDcircling q we'll
furnished table, a few minutes later, q
poor neighoOr came in, wishing to
buy q bushel OF wheat, and have 1t
on trust Being grUfnY denied the ia
vor, with a heavy heart he quit the
house, and sadly turned his race to-
ward his home destitute. But the
door was scarcely closed after the poor
man, before q little bright-eyed girl
ventured to suggest that PA better
answer his own pray or, by feeding his
hungry neighbor." 1t was a nail in q
sure place. The poor nan was quickly
recalled, and more than a bushel of
wheat given him. -YOuth's Compan
ion
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22
ENTIRELY

Office Of
s. w. SMITH
Breeder and Shipper, Of Thorough
bred and Imported Stock.
COCHRANvILLE, PA, Feb. %, '98
The Progressive Farmer, Raleigh,
N. @.
DEAR SIR:-Since I have been adver
Using through your columns I have
been entirely satisfied with the results
and the amount Of inquiries received
from the add running in your columns
is equal to any Of same circulation
that I have on my list and I am con"
fident we have sold as much stock
through your medium as any other
the same circulation
Wishing you success with your paper
and that it may still press still further
out, I remain,
Very respectfully,
8 w. SMTTR.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22
"What Our Advertisers Say"

Think The Progressive Farmer
the best medium through which to
reach the farming classes in forth
Carolina.---W. g. THOMAS. Poultry
Breedsr, Louisburg, n. O., March 3,
1898.
we recently run for a shc TT time
an advert in The PROGRESS
I've FARMER, and we run at the
same time The same advertisement
in four ether leading papers in the
State. Snd we write to a that are
received ten replies from the one IN
yOUr pGDer to every n~erecetUed from
al the other papers combined - ED
WARDS BROUG dTON, Printers
and Publishers. Raleigh, n. G..
w have had a very good trade
IN your state this season, and are
wiling to attribute q part Of the re-
suits to the advertisement in vOur
paper. We have always looked
upon your paper as satisfactorn in
this respect, and will make use of it
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22
ALLIANCE a T RS.
correspondence OF the Progressive Former.

HILLsBoRO, N. c., Nov Is, SO.
It was my pleasure last night to at
tend a meeting of HiilsborO Sub ALI
auce. This Sub, has bern steadily
growing for some months, and is en-
rinually adding good material to it's
membership. They have for some time
past been drilling themselves in the
new work, and rs team lest night did
some fine work IN invitation. This IN.
itiatory service az laid down IN the
new Ritual is simply charming. They
have also
ORDERED THEIR NEW REGALIA.
This regatta ls as tolo@s: tins Presi-
dents collar is made of red with mar.
row white border on outer end inner
edge, the Vice Presidents g che same,
except the president will be entitled to
three stars on each side of the lapel of
the collar while tie Vice VIII have only
two. The Secretary and Treasurer
will have collars of green bordered by
narrow white as above the Lecturer
will have a yellow collar rRnge) also
bordered with white. Tue Chaplain
will be pure white; Ste ward will be
sash of blue bordered with white, cross.
ing the right shoulder and fastened by
a rosette at the left hip, the two ends
hanging below; the Door keeper snd
Assistant will have sashes Of white
bordered with blue with an inner cord
Of red. The members will wear white
collars bordered with red, with blue
cord about one inch from border; all
their Collars will be fastened together
by rosettes of red white and blue in
front
This is the regalia proposed and will
be presented to toe Executive Com
mittee for adoption at their next meet.
ing.
A great many of the brethren have
written to know
ABOUT THE SHOE FACTORY.
To such let me say, the shoe factory
is running on full time, and if you
could see the beautiful and substantial
shoes they are making, you would not
wear any others. Yes, you can now
Guy honest North Carolina goode, made
by a N orth Carolina factory, at as low
prices, considering the quality and
honesty of the goods. Do you want
children'e, mems or women's shoes,
either in goat, pebble grain or Soudan
calf Tnen send in your order. Do
you want mems or boys Congress or
bal, or brogaL? II so, send in your
order.
You ask me will the factory continue
to runi That depends on you. II you
patroniEa it, it will run, and succeed at
that. II you do not patronize it, OF
course it can't run. Orders are coming
in, but not fast enough. Stir yourself
up, brother AIlianceman. Lay aside
that long face. Qlit saying the ALI
ance is dead. Get the new Rituals.
Drill yourselves in the new work,
Make up your new regalia, and let's gel
TO work We have been playing 6
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22

in the future ID NJ. OSBORNE
& CO., Manufacturers of Harvest
ing Machinery, Phi adelphia, Pa.
j. Fl Gil. Founder and Machin-
ist. Raleigh, n. c.. says:
l have been a constant advertiser
for the past 20 years in England and
america. ana and haze meUer had as
good results from the same outlay as
have cUme from my advertisement
in IHE PROGRESSIVE FARMER"
Enclosed find check for 81. so in
payment for the ad. YOU inserted
for me. Your bill was $500; hope
you will accept the amount Of check
as 1 gCtv alue received Tor the ad -
O. L. JOINER. Tobacco buyer,
Greenv1lle, N. =.
I'VE think that the results from
your Taper have been satisfactory.
or we would not continue to adver-
tise with o IT. w. WOOD &
SONS. Seedsmen, Richmond, Va.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22

uvI,uuua Agents for ''Historv of the
WANTEB-" spanish American War" by
Hon. Henry Watterson. 4, complete, apthen-
hal tones and many richly-cOlored LECTURES
Large royal octave volume, superb outfit 19st-
paid for only so cents stamps taken MosG
of She year. Address: The Werner Company
akron, Ohio.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-11-22
A good occupation prevents mental
dissipation.
FROM MURPHY 70 MANTR0.

NORFOLK, VA, March Is. 1898.
j. L.. Ramsey, Esq, Editor, Raleigh,
N c.:
DEAR SIR:-We herewith enclose
you check tor So. 90 to pay for our ad.
in your paper, aud will say we feel
that Gne nsouey Was we'll spent, as il
brought us communications from Muir
ply TO Manteo, in regard to eggs and
other produce.
Yours truly,
POWELL & Co.