Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1898-07-29

named Philippine in honor of the then
Prince of the Asturias, afterwards
Philip II. Manila was founded in 1871,
and since that date has been held by
the Spaniards, except for a brief in
terval between 1852 and 1764. when 1t
was occupied by the British.
Situation. Topography.
The islands of the Philippine archi-
pelago are described by Sir John Bow
ring as "innumerable." Other author
tiles variously estimate them at from
400 to 1900 in number. The eleven
most important, embracing some IS per
cent of the total area computed at
114,350 square miles), and the great
mass Of the population are LuEon, Min
danao, Negroes, Panay, Mindoro, Cebu,
Samar, Leyte, Palawan, Bojol and Mas
bate. Lying between Borneo and For
mosa, the archipelago extends some 300
leagues from north to south, and $50
from east to west. and covers IAN de-
grees Of latitude and degrees Of lon
gitude. Luzon and Mindanao together
exceed ell the other islands combined.
Manila, the capital, situated on the
west coast of Luzon is in latitude IA
degrees &c minutes north and longitude
120 degrees 81 minutes east. Its posi-
ton, "as central point between ia
pan, China, AMMAN, the English and
Dutch ports of the Malayan archipelago
and Australia" is, observes Jagor, lex
tremely favorable to the development
of a worldwide trade" Some 1000
miles distant from San Francisco, 1t
is but $50 miles from Hongkong, while
from the northern extremity of Luzon
to the south cape Of Formosa is little
more than 200 miles.
The Town of Manila.
The site of Manila was selected chief
ly on account of it's fine harbor or bay,
circular in form, and capable of hold
ing all the navies Of the world" Into
this debouches the river Pasig, which,
with breadth of about $50 feet, flows
through the city, dividing 1t into Ma
Mia proper or old Manila, and new
Manila or Binondo. The former, &C.
cupying the left or southern bank of
the river is the fortress or citadel. 1t
contains, besides the principal FORTH
cations, the palace and the cathedral,
and is surrounded by old walls, bas-
toned and moated, and dating back
in part to the sixteenth century. These
walls have been cracked by earth
quakes, and could easily be preached
by modern artillery. Jagor describes
the old town as "a hot, dried-up place,
full Of monasteries, converts, barracks
and government buildings" 1T still
preserves" says a later writer, "all the
austere appearance of city of the
reign Of Philip H." Upon the walls,
however, and beneath them, have been
arranged pleasant promenades, where
the aristocracy stroll and drive and
ride in the cool Of the evening. The
district of Binondo, on the right bank
Of the river, is the place Of business,
the real commercial capital; and here
are the shops and warehouses and the
movement Of modern life. Here, also,
and in the pleasant suburban villages
or pueblos behind the city, live the
foreigners and the weather. class. Be-
hind the city stretches a fiat region
rich in tropical vegetation, through
which flows for some twenty miles the
river Pasig which forms the outlet Of
q great fresh-water lake called the La
guna; the country around being known
as tho Laguna province. Beyond this
region the land rises towards the IT.
regular mountain chain or sierra which
runs parallel with the east coast, and,
which, Astounding in grand and piotur-
esaue scenery, is the home OF the Wild
or native tribes. From this range as
cends Mayor, an active volcano OF con-
zeal form, about eight thousand feet IN
elevation, a conspicuous landmark from
the ssa. This height, with that Of Ba-
najao (s,500 feet), and San Cristobal
C,s7s feet, are but little exceeded by
Halcon in Mindero (S,s6S feet). Next
in pooulation to Manila is the town OF
Cavfte, at the southern point of the
bay. sight miles distant, where were
the Spanish naval and quarantine sta
ton and arsenal, and the defences so
clevsrly turned by Admiral Dewey in
the dawn Of that eventful first OF May.
Other ports in the Philippines which
have been opened to general trade are
Sual in Luzon, Iloilo in the island OF
Panay,. and Zamboanga in Minda-
mao Sual. has probably the best
harhor, but Iloilo is the more i'm
portant point, it's province being the
most advanced after that Of Manila.
The pima fabrics made here are the
most esteemed. Capis, or Capiz, also
in Panay, Is another considerable town.
Tacloban, the chief town of the island
of Leyte, has an excellent harbor and
is the emporium of trade between Man
fla and the islands Of Leyte and Sa-
mar. Another trade station is Cebu,
the principal town of the island OF Sc
blu. From Manila to Iloilo it is 3S
hours by steam and Is hours further to
Cebu. Other points in provinces or dis
tricts Of Albay. Bulacan, North and
South Cansarines, Batangas, PaSsan-