davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
THE SHIPS RUDDER.
Construction OF Its Two Paris and
the difference in the Strain
That Comes Upon Them.

The rudder of a wooden ship is COM
posed of the stalk and the backing,
which are SO joined together as 0 form
in effect a single piece. The complete
rudder is coppered, to protect it from
worms, and then, besides being prgcti-
cally all in one piece, it has that ap,
pearance also.
The stalk is the part to which are
attached the pintles, or pivots, by which
the rudder is suspended and held in
place, these going through eyes set in
the ships sternpost. The stalk runs up
through the stern of the ship, and to
its head is bolted a cap to which ara
attached the ropes by means of which
the rudder is controlled. The backing
is the blade part of the rudder,
BY far the greater strain comes on
the stalk, and the greatest strain of
all comes on the head of the stalk-the
rudder head-where it is held. The
stalk is made Of the wood most likely
to stand the strain, carefully selected,
sound, well-seasoned oak, while the
backing is made of spruce or hard pine.
The stalk is of a single, solid, massive
piece, stout as an oak tree, and indeed
Of the dimensions of small oak
something tha: man can pin his faith
10, if he can have faith in any wood
while the backing or blade is, like many
modern wooden masts, built up. It
would be difficult, if not impossible, to
find trees that would yield planfs big
enough for the purpose in a single piece,
and the built-up backing, made of
pieces of selected wood, can easily be
made of ample strength to withstand
any strain that win be brought upon it.
As to the stalk, stout and solid as the
oak may be, the head may be twisted
by the force of tremendous blow from
a wave upon the rudder, or, under the
repeated strains of long use, the head
may split, and so make the stalk use
less. Then the rudder is taken out and
fitted with a new stalk. A suitable
stick is selected and worked down to
the proper size ard form, and very prob
ably the old backing is attached to it.
The life of rudder stalk would proba-
bly, be Il to Il years. The backing
might last as long as the ship.-N. Y.
Sun.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
MPEwRlTes sIAMEsE.
An American Machine Wade to the
Order OF Slams King.


Order OF sia1n's King.
In the window Of typewriter COM
pany on Broadway is 9 typew writer the
KEYS of which are inscribed with figures
which look like studies in various spe-
cies of bacilh. They are Siamcse char
acters. and the machine is one of num-
Der built to the order of the king OF
Siam, who is now travelling in Europe.
There are rs characters on the key
board, number Of which are in the
nature of accents, qualifying the other
characters, and these are so related to
the letters, that in all about 500 char
aoters can be produced frc1n the key
board. The accents all have to be upon
dead keys-that is, keys that when
struck do not cause a movement Of the
carriage, SO that the accent may first be
printed and then the letter, without
having to move the carriage back. In
some words it is necessary to use as
many as three accents, says the New
York Sun.
There arc no capital letters. Besides
the alphabetical characters there are
the usual ten numbers in Siamese script.
The company first began making these
machines about three years ago, under
the instructions of a secretary of the
Siamese court, who came to this coun-
try for the special purpose. There are
now several hundred of the machines
in Siam, and the saving of time and
labor is much greater than would be
the case in any occidental nation, as the
Siamese have no script, and all letters
are printed individually. In no respect
does the mechanism differ from that of
the English writing machine, save in
the unimportant matter of the dead
keys" There are rs keys, the same
number as the regular machine of this
make.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
One Woman and Her Doctor.

A wealthy San Francisco woman who
had undergone an operation success
fully performed by the physician she
employed was surprised when bill of
only $50 was presented to her. She
demonstrated, says an exchange, say
ing that the sum was not sufficient for
he work done for one in her circum-
stances. But the doctor persisted that
$50 was his charge for that sort of
operation, and her circumstances had
nothing to do with it. She, however,
sent him check for $500, and was sur
prsed when she later received a re-
ceipted bill for $3.50 for itemized serv-
ices rendered to the poor humanity Of
the city. This pleased her so much
that she sent another check, which is
being worked out in the same way.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
RAILROADS IN CHINA.
cuItics Undcr Whic7 they
Are Conducted.

a missionary writing from China TO
a friend in this city recently described
the difficulties under which the newly
completed railroads are conducted in
that country, says the New York Sun.
Passengers in the frst-class coaches,
he said, exhibited 50 strong a desire
TO carry off various articles from the
cars as souvenirs CT their trip that the
coaches were speedily stripped OF those
things that contribute to the comfort
of the passenger. They took away with
them hat and bundle racks, mirrors,
lamp brackets, hooks, small tables, and
even doors. They were considerate
enough to leave the car frame and
wheels. And the purlciners were gov
ernment officials and people belonging
10 the wealthy classes.
The stations along the railroad over
which the writer Travelled were rude
sheds, very unclean and without
chair Or bench. The cars, too, were
very dirty. While this was especially
true of the second-class coaches, which
were oftentimes crowded with half
Hohou' oH"dohoH Pooplc, the III St-SidSS
coaches also became very unciean in
a short time. 1t soon became necessary
TO take out al the upholstery and re-
place it by plain seats.
When the railroads were being built
reports were spread that the foreign
contractors were stealing Chinese chill
Gren and burying them in the roadbed
so as to propitiate the god who rules
over railroads. These reports greatly
excited the people, and in one instance
mob attacked two missionaries near
Peking and woald have killed them had
them. Under guise of these reports
childrenwere really kidnapped and taken
into the cities for immoral purposes.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
PROPHETIC SpAfJIARDS.
4 Warning OF Coming Events on the
American Continent THAT Was
Given in 1855.

| inclose you extract from commune
cation made by Count Amanda to the
king of Spain shortly after the treaty
OF Paris in 1888. The count, among
other things, says: The independence
Of the English colonies has been ac-
knowledged. This is for ne an occa-
sion of grief and dread. France has few
possessions IN America; hut size should
have considered that Spain, her inti-
mate ally. has many, and that she is left
to-day exposed to terrible shocks. = =
\ This federal republic is born pig
my, SO to speak. 1t required the sup
port and the forces of two powers as
great as Spain and France in order to
attain independence. a day will come
when II will be a giant, even colossus,
formidable in these countries. The first
movement of this power, when it has
arrived at its ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, will be
10 obtain possession OF the Floridas i'll
order to dominate the Gulf OF Mexico.
After having rendered commerce with
New Spain difficult for US, If will aspire
to the conquest of this vas< empire,
which it will not be possible for us to
defend against formidable power es-
tablished on the same continent and in
its neighborhood.
Your majesty must relieve yourself
of all possessions on the continent of the
two Americas, preserving only the
island; of Cuba and Puerto Rico in the
northern part and some other conven-
lent o.e in the southern part to serve as
seaport or trading place for Spanish
commerce. In order to accomplish this
great thought in manner becoming
to Spain three infants must be placed
in America-one as king CT Mexico, an
other as king of Peru and the third as
king of the Terra Firma. Your mai
esty will take the title Of emperor"
While the above is remarkably
prophetic, it also discloses the innate
cowardly instincts of the school of
Spanish statesmen to which the late De
LONE belonged.
Strikingly in contrast with the views
of the count is the deliverance of EN-
lilo Castelar,, Spain's enlightened states
man. On June %, 1871, in the Spanish
cortes, he said: America, and espe-
cially Saxon America, with its immense
virgin territories, with its republic,
with its equilibrium between stability
and progress, with its harmony be-
tween liberty and democracy, is the con-
tinent of the future-the immense con
tinent stretched by God between the
Atlantic and Pacific, where mankind
may plant essay and resolve all social
problems. Europe has to decide
whether she viii confound herself with
Asia, Placing upon her lands old affairs,
and upon the affairs old idols, and upon
the idols iInmovable theocracies, and
upon the theocraries despotic empires,
or whether she will go by labor, by lib
erty and by the republic to collaborate
with America in the grand work OF UNI
versal civilization"
Spain has gone counter to the policy
OF her eminent statesman, and now
finds herself beyond the pale Of civiliza-
ton, with a complete realization of the
warning words of 17S3-John C. Will
son, in Louisville Courier-J ournal.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
THE USE CT MISTER.
1t Is Said to PrcGominate In the
United states, 8ut Not In
Other Countries

why" asked a LondoneP the other
day, ARE you Americans always mis-
tering' one another-and 'mistering' us
English chaps besides? Here we don
familiarity as soon as possible, if we
like man and want him for an ac-
qdaintance. Talk about American
bluffness and all that! It's Mr. Brown,
Mr.. Jones, Mr.. Robinson with you TIL
eyerything's blue!" l unused and re-
piled that perhaps we Americans mis-
tered" one another far less than we did
Englishmen.
And the truth is, we often surprise
the latter by showing them an unfore-
seen self-restraint. They have heard
about our hail fellow we'll met" deDort-
ment and they are at loss to account
Tor our reserve, our almost ceremonial
phlegm, But we, on the other hand,
have heard Of their alleged statements
that we are always wanting to shake
hands with persons. and that our man
ners betokep that lack of repose which
stamps the caste of Chicago and New
York. Hence mutual mistrusts and
misunderstanding, The Englshman
often wonders that we should be so
"confoundedly" upeerdial, and we in
turn often wonder that he should prove
SO amazingly approachable.
Later we begin to realize that he may
have deep funds of hauteur to draw
upon in the case of those who bore
him or whom he sees some good reason
for not wishing to cultivate, but that
he is frankly bon camarade where per-
sonal respect and liking have once been
reused. The English have an
odd way of writing to anyone at all
celebrated. They drop the Mr." most
decidedly, and address you by your
full name. For instance, l am sure
that my dear Alfred Tennyson" was
very frequently written by people
whom Tennyson knew but slightly in
the days before he became peer; and
in like way my dear Herbert Spencer -
'my dear Charles Robert Darwin" ," past
all doubt.-Edgar Fawcett, in Golfers
Weekly.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
ONLY WOMAN'S THEATER.
Paris Is building the First of Its
Kind in the world.

Paris Is Building the First of Its
Kind tn the world.
Women of every country hereafter
will be at liberty to defend their inter
ests, assert their privileges and air their
grievances through the medium of the
drama or the opera, for Paris is build
ing the first and only woman's theater
in the world. 1t is to be devoted solely
to the interests Of women, and has its
site next to the Women's club known as
the Cerc.e Pigalle, near Montmartre.
says the Detroit Free Press.
The only weak spot about the affair
is that the manager is a mere man. This
is disappointing. So long, however, as
he is willing to do the drudgery and
let honor and glory go to the lot Of the
women it does not very much signify;
and, moreover, it is provided in the
agreement that he shall take his in
structions from the executive commit
tee of the board of directors, which is
composed Of five women. He must be
wonderful man. At present he has
succeeded in pleasing the entire board.
Nine. Loevy, who will direct the for
cign department, is very confident as to
its future. Heretofore, she says, the
fact that play was written by wom-
an has been sufficient in most instances
to condemn it; but this sort Of thing is
to end, and women are to have prece-
dence over man in ct least one theater
Man, however, will be graciously lis
tened to in the event Of his writing
plays or operas which bear On the sub
ject Of woman's rights, ard he is proya-
ised fair and unprejudiced criticism.
Nationality is no bar
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
HUNTING IN THE KLONDIKE.
One Who Has Deen There Says 1t La a
Perfect Paradise for
SpOrtsmen.

THE Klondike country isn't covered
with snow all the time by any means.
and it has been wonder to me that
sportsnen haven't visited it. 1t is
perfect paradise for hunters. saw a
drove of hundreds of caribou at one
time, and there is nc end to sheep,
moose and caribou. There are plenty
CT bear, too, grizzlies, black bear, and
silver tips. l killed grizzly myself
about a month ago. We were on the
Stickeen river, going up slowly, when
a big grizzly crashed through the brush
and stood in plain view about so yards
away.
II felt little uncertain about trying
him with my 800 Winchester but he
seemed to be getting nervous, and
took steady aim at him at point just
behind his shoulder and fired. He didn't
move from his tracks, but slowly sank in
a quivering heap, and by the time we
reached him he was dead. He must
have weighed 1900 pounds. l never
saw such a terrific thing as those steel.
lead-pointed bullets. When they strike.
the soft lead flattens out over the steel
and makes O fearful wound"
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
Chi1aren,s nnpetites.

To promote children's appetites
there is 20 better plan than to give
them plenty of outdoor exercise, fun
and frolic; make them regular in their
habits, and feed them only upon plain,
nourishing food, and they will seldom,
if ever, complain of a lack of appetite.
Never, however, keep them overtasked
in school, or confine them closely to
the house after school hours, and frown
down any attempt at play. If children
are fed upon rich and highly-seasoned
foods, nuts, ETC., or are allowed to eat
between meals, it is hopeless to ex-
pect them to have an appetite for their
proper meals. Don't allow them to
study too much, and especially keep
them from reading the penny dread
full" Sickness is the most expensive
nuisance in the world, and, although
there may be cases when it makes peo-
pie or children better, it generally
makes them selfish and miserable. The
best way to make children happy and
keep them good is to keep them we'll
y. Y. Ledger,
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
PLAYING A FUNNY GAME.
why the Lambs Are Always Ffeeced
on the Stock Exchange.

why the Lambs Are Always Fleeced
on the Stock Exchange.
The use of chips and counters is a
great convenience in such games as
poker, faro and the like, says the Arena,
The business, so called, Of the stock ex-
change in Wall street and elsewhere is
carried on by the use of tokens or bits
Of paper designated as BONDS and stock
certificates, which are supposed to en-
title the holders of them to certain dlyl-
dends to be declared by managers of
railway and other corporations or TO
certain interest installments payable at
stated times. The croupier at faro guar
antees prompt payment in cash 10 the
chip-hollers at the end of the game. The
seller of stocks and bonds in the game
in "the street" guarantees nothing eX-
cept the title and genuineness of the
chips. The purchaser buys under the
rule caveat emptor as to price and value.
The value Of his purchase depends
upon the volume of railway traffic,
transportation rates, the state Of the
money market, the ability, the honesty
or dishonesty of corporation managers,
the manner in which corporation re-
ports and accounts are made and kept,
whether these reports and accounts are
fair CT cooked" whether the officers
wear smoked glasses" and the like.
Now, it is plain that the so-called
lambs are at a disadvantage in this
business, or game. In faro the "splits"
give the dealer a small percentage of
advantage, but this the player under
stands and may calculate on; the con-
tingencies and rascalities in the stock
dealing game, however, are incalcula
ble
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
NEVER HEARD FROM.
Ships That Have Sailed from Port
Not to Return

Ships That have Sailed from Port
Not to Return.
1t is some years now since the last
mysterious disappearance of great
ship. This was the Naronic, a freight
steamer Of unusual size which sailed the
Atlantic and was lost in 1898. Pieces of
wreckage from this vessel have been
picked up, however, which has not
been the case in all such cases. Among
the mysterious disappearances of the
past were the steamships President, City
of Glasgow, Pacific, Ocean Monarch
and City of Boston, the ironclad Cap
tain and the Liberia and Barton.
Twenty-seven years have passed away
since the City of Boston was placed on
the missing list. but some are now Iiv-
ing who had friends and relatives on
board Of her.
The City of Boston cleared at the port
of New York on Tuesday, January 25,
1870. She sailed from Liverpool by the
way of Halifax, with IL cabin and
45 steerage passengers. Since she left
Halifax no vestige of her has ever been
seen except a message saying that the
ship was sinking. Her exact fate will
never be known.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
A KINGS GIFT.
Wedding Present CT George III. In n
Boston EIuseum.

Wedding Present CT George III. In a
Boston EIuseam.
Studded with hundreds of diamonds,
great and small lies in a glass case in
the Boston Museum of Fine Arts the
wedding gift of George III. of England
to his bride, Queen Charlotte, says the
Globe. Very recently this superb ad-
dition to the treasures Of the museuln
has been procured through the death OF
the lady in whose life possession it
was invested.
This magnificent and historically in
teresting relic is a chatelaine watch,
with belt clasp, band and pendants, all
Of the finest gold and thiclly incrusted
with jewels. 1t was presented by King
George to his queen at their marriage in
1861, and by her was worn, no doubt, at
many gay and social function of state
ceremonial.
The ornamentation of the watch and
its attachments are in the highest de-
gree elaborate. The clasp, which is
generous in size, bears in it's center,
within an oval Of lapis iazuli, the queen
consort's crown, resting upon Il cushion,
tie whole wrought in diamonds. On
the band below the clasp, On similar
background, are daintily enwrought,
also in diamonds, the royal scepter, sur
mounted by it's cross, and the rod of
equity, tipped with the dove. The two
rods are crossed and are united at the
point of juncture by a delicate ribbon
of diamonds. Upon the watch itself,
again, appears upon background of
blue the monogram sc. R." surmount-
ed by crown, also wrought in pre-
cious stones.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
Scissors and Corsets an Escutcheon.

One day in 1880 beautiful carriage
appeared on the boulevards of Paris
with an escutcheon in the shape of a
pair of corsets and an open pair of
scissors painted on the panel of each
door. This was the coat of arms of
Rhomberg, the first man who made
name as woman's dresmalzer. Rhom-
berg, who was the son Of q Bavarian
peasant from the neighborhood of
Munich, owed his rapid success to his
genius for coneealirg and rcmedying
defects of figure. He left an annual in
come of $4,000 francs to his heirs.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
OId sInne neniYea.

Slang is sledom new. Not so worse"
fourished briskly for a few months and
has already fallen into well-deserved
oblivion. Doubtless it seemed new for
a time. Yet letter written by bril-
liant English magazinist, Samuel Phil
lips, in 1845. published for the first time
in Mrs. Oliphant's history of the house
of Blackwood, contains this sentence:
"One hundred pounds for a weeks
work! Not so WOrse!"
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
Philadelphia the Umbrella Factory

A Philadeiphian who sells materials
to umbrella makers tells that the out
put of umbrellas in the United States
has reached an average of 10000 daily.
or 100000 a year, and is increasing
very rapidly, because people are be-
ginning to recognize the superiority of
American goods over the imported ar
ticle. Philadelphia is the largest place
of manufacture, and produces more
than one-half the umbrellas made in
the country.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
Hcucsfr with a String.

Susan-Do you think that you could
ever bring yourself to commit perjury?
Samuel-Well, | might in case l had
just arrived from abroad with a lot of
smuggled goods.
"Of course. You know don't mean
that. What [ mean is, would you ever
commit perjury where there was no
good excuse, you know?"-Bcston
Transcript.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
Change In steanships.

A writer in the Engineering Maga-
zine says during the last so years the
size of the steamships has been null
tiplied twentyfold, the horsepower en-
ployed to drive them has been multi
piled fortyfold, and the speed with which
they traverse the sea has increased
threefnid
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
Nnru rnsur4.hIa

Dillingham; suppose that soft tan
gloves are never used in prize-fghts.
Kilduff--Why not?
"They would be unsuitable"
"How sop
Because a soft tan, sir, turneth away
wrath. Judge.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
cnre for clover sickness.

Clover sickness, common disease
which often ruins clover crops, has
caused German scientists to make ex-
periments. They have succeeded in
getting cultures of the bacteria that
produce the disease. They expect that
soon farmers will, be able to,inoculate
their land just as a human being may
be treated
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
At the Public Library.

why don't you want this book, lit
tie boy?p
'Its too new-lookin', missus; wants
one o them wore-out, dirty books
they gifts that-away 'cause folks likes
10 read 'em."-Detroit Free Press.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
HllrEeV.

Madame pay this time, but not
again, Those last potatoes were all
eyes.
Madame of the Stall-It was not so
when they left here, but who would not
have eyes for madame ?-Pick-Me-Up.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
Easy for Japanese Laundrymep.

Washing is done in Japan by get
ting into boat and letting the gar
ments to be washed drag after the boat
by long string.-Chicago Chronicle,
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
Diamonds In Asricn.

1t has been discovered that the native
African chiefs in the diamond regions
have great quantities of valuable dia,
nonds which were accumulated years
ago. They treasure them as charms
and are unwilling to sell them.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
Sea Air and Telegraph Wires.

Telegraph wires will last for 40 years
near the seashore. In the manufactur-
ing districts the same wires will last
only ten years, and sometimes less
Chicago Tribune.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
Doctors in Germany.

In 1876 there We're 1928 physicians
in the German empire. In 1887 the
number was 1884, and in 1896 it was
about 24,o00; no official count has been
made since 1887.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21

The Longest Arch I'm the World.
A steel arch is to be thrown across the
Niagara river near Clifton which will be
$40 feet span-a greater distance than
was ever yet sPanned by an arch.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-21
oada Againat Fatal accident.

The usual odds laid by an accident
company are 1000 to 4 that you do not
die from an accident in year.