davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
EVILS OF MONEY LENDING.

Sir George Lewis Enlightens a House of
Commons on the subject.
LONDON, March l4.-Sir George
Lewis, the we'll known lawyer, before
the house of commons committee en-.
curing into the evils of money lending
on Thursday, condemned the business
in the strongest terms, saying it fire..
%quently costs the victims 1000 per cent.
He complained particularly of the
transactions Of such men as Sam
Lewis. He said the bulk of them were
Jews ''and, being a jew" he could say
Of his w knowledge that "the Jewish
community loathed and despised them.
refused to allow them to hold any posi-.
ton in the Jewish ranks. and the Jew.
ish rabbis preached against them and
their practices"
Referring to the Lord Neville Spencer
Clay scandal, Sir George Lewis said
Sam Lewis had discounted elOO,U 900
$500, 0OO) at 40 per cent. He added
that the laws Of England all favored
the money lenders, said that i'll Ger
many the usury laws worked we'll, and
that in America there was no usury at
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14

BY formal action practically all of the
transportation companies of the country
and boards of trade and kindred COM
mercial organizations, and religious and
other societies. have sanctioned the bill
known as the "Auti-Sctlplng Bill and
urged upon congress the expediency and
justice Of its enactment.
After several comprehensive and eX-
haustive hearings by the Senate and
House committees on Interstate and
Foreign Commerce, the bill has been
advanced to the calendar Of the senate
10y Il vote OF eight to three, aud to the
house by a majority of fifteen to two.
The bill contemplates the abolition Of
traffic by irresponsible aud unauthorized
persons, 10 railroad and steamship tick
cts, and confines such transactions to the
duly constituted agents Of the trans
portatlon companies, and obl.gates all
common carriers to promptly and
equitably redeem passage tickets Wheel
for any reason unused in whole or part.
The necessity of such a bill must be
apparen: to every thinking mind. AS it
is the ticket-scalper does not appear to
serve any economical purpose or con-
veniencer only those who are best able to
trave! learning their ways and proii.ing
by the dishonest practice. This all
tends to lesson the legitimate profits to
roads ~ the tickets actually issued and
causes them to be the more severe 10
their limitations of the use Of tickets.
Ia the interest, safety and economy of
the public the whole scalping business
ought to be abolished root and branch
and it Is to be hoped the anti-scalping
bill viii become q law.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
SOLD BY LETTER
Two Million Bushels More of
Cash Wheat Disposed of at
Market Price.
Counselman & Day the Purchas-
ers..A Total of Six Million
Bushels Sold.
Sale Was Announced After Trad
ing Was Over for the
Day.

CHICAGO, March l4.-Allen, Grier,
Seeler & Co., the chief brokers for
Joseph Letter, made formal application
to the board of directors Of the Chicago
board of trade, for the fixing Of a mar.
ginal price on May wheat contracts.
This action, it is believed, arises from
the requests for margins which were
made on Letter by the bear contingent,
amounting in some instances, accord.
ing to Letter. to 20 cents a bushel.
The biggest sale of cash wheat that has
yet been made by Letter was to Coun.
selman & Day, who purchased an even
1000, 900 bushels. What the price Tor
this enormous lot was could not DC
learned, Mr.. Letter merely stating that
it vas made at market price" This
makes a total of 5000, 900 bushels OF
the Letter contract grade wheat dis.
posed Of. The trade had no intimation
of the sale until after the close Of the
session.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
BRUCE SERIOUSLY ILL.

Noted CO!ored Leader suffering From
Alarming stomach Troubtc.
WASHINGTON, March 14-Banch X.
Bruce, register OF the treasury aud ex.
senator from Mississippi, is seriously III
at his residence here, and it is feared
suffering from acute stomach trouble
for some weeks, and this week the ILL.
ness took an alarming form. He is wei
known throughout the country as a
leader of the negro race.
AT noon Mr.. Bruce was unconscious,
and almost all hope had been abau.
dOued.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
DECIDED By BLISS.
Settlers Win Out in the Celebrated
O'Brien County Contests.


O'Brien County Contests.
WASHINGTON, March I4.-Secretary
Bliss has affirmed the land Office deci.
sion in the case Of Ole Olson VS.. William
Traver and Daniel L. Simpkins, involv.
ing lands within forfeited limits in the
Sioux City and Pacific railroad grant,
in O'Brien county, Iowa. The decision
affects the title to about $4,000 acres of
land and vests the title in the settlers,
who have occupied the land for some
years. Olson claimed the land in con.
troversy as a purchaser from the com.
pany under the act of 1887. Simpkins
made a homestead Of it after the de.
cision of the supreme court that the
lands were forfeited and restored to
the government. Traver settled upon
the land in 1886, purchasing the effects
Of the former occupant. The decision
awards the land to him on the ground
that he has a prior right to it by reason
of such occupancy.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14

Pierre dispatch, IL: Commissioners
Lafollette snd Kirkpatrick are in this
city to-day on a tour Of the state looking
up evidence for further hearing in the
case which they are attempting to make
under the rate law passed last winter.
They take the position that the deci-
sion OF the United States supreme court
in the Nebraska rate case will not in any
way control their action, as the South
Dakota case will be presented on differ
emit llnest han the case from Nebraska.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
EXPLOSION.

Mrs. Peterson and Child Dead and Her
Sister Fatally Injured
MINNEAPOLIs, March IA. While ill.
ing a lighted gasoline stove Mrs. An.
drew G. Peterson was covered with
flames. She was so horribly burned
that she died four hours after. Her
2O.months.o old son was sitting on the
kitchen floor and was also terribly
burned. The child died at the same
time as the mother. Mrs. Peterson's
~l4syear.old sister, NADIA Baeher, in at
tempting to extinguish the flames, had
her clothes almost entirely burned off.
She is expected to die.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
Kucklin ArnicA s@AlVe.

The Best Salve in the world for Outs,
Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt RheL; n, Fe-
YER Sores, letter, Chapped Hands, Chill
blains, Corns, and all Skin Eruptions,
and positively cures Piles, or no pay 70.
quired. 1t is guaranteed t. give perfect
satisfaction or money refunded. Price
% cents per box. For sale by G. H
Wood.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
Necessity of Early Set Element.

OTTAWA, Ont, March l4.-Hon.
David Mills stated in the senate the
Canadian government was pressing
upon the colonial office in London the
necessity of an early settlement Of the
disputed Alaskan boundary,
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14

Sioux Falls dispatch, II: Al the last
meeting OF the South Dakota board Of
charities and correction Il rule Was
adopted that no enpioye of the state IL
stltutlons must take active participa-
ton in politics, They may, however, at
tend party causes and vote, but may not
~electioneer, be candidate for office or at.
tend conventions as delegates.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
Laying New Rails,

FARlBAULT, Mimi, March l4.-Tne
milwaukee, has brought to this city So
car loads of steel rails which are being
distributed along the line, prior to re.
laying the remainder Of the Iowa and
Minnesota division with the steel rails.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
THE MAYOR A VICTIM.
Three Residents of Higginsrort, o., En-
gage in a Duel.

GEORGETOWN, O., March IL. = A
shooting atfray occurred at Higgins
port. a village a few miles south OF this
place, which will result in the taking
of two lives. Mayor Halfhill met John
Donald and the latter's son in front of
Thomas saloon about 10 o'clock, and,
without a word and almost instantly,
the three men drew revolvers and be-
gan shooting at each other. Sixteen
shots were fired and when the smoke
cleared away Halthill and the senior
Donald We're found lying on the ground
MORALLY woundec nile young Donald
had been shot several! times.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
May DO Its Own Lighting.

ST. PAUL, March l4.-Several mem.
bers of the council are discussing the
advisability of introducing an ordi.
nance with a view of creating a mum.
cipal lighting plant. A request has been
made upon the building department to
prepare plans for a building and an
estimate Of cost. The plan contemplates
lighting the entire city with electric
light.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
Rig Lumber Sale.

DULUTH, March 1.-THE first IN.
portant lumber sale of this season has
just been made by Merrill g. Ring, and
the January scale OF prices has been
maintained. The lumber is log run,
No. 2 common and better. Four and a
half million. feet have been sold for
shipment to Buffalo parties and l,lO0..
900 goes to a Tonawanda firm.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14

Howard Democrat. II: ;. A. Ramsey
tells tie Aigus-Leader how :he dome
Gratis are not OH (" fusa with the
popu!ists thls year. kaluse,-but then,
everyone knows Ramsey. He's the
husband Of Hrs. Ramsey, who llv7s OVER
az Woonsocket.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14

The Aberdeen News don't have any
thing to say these days about the
Aberdeen postof1ice nor yet about Sen
ator P%ettigrew. In fact it has not men
toned the senator's name in any con-
nection for a long time. This is very
unusual w tho .ArNA.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
A Narrow n

Thankful woods written by Mrs. Ada
E. Hart Of Groton, S. D. "Was taken
with a bad cold which settled on my
lungs; cough set in and finally terminal
ed in Consumption, Four doctors gave
me up, saying l could live but a short
time. gave myself up to my Savior,
determined if I could not stay with my
friends on earth, I would meet my ab-
sent ones above. My husband was ad-
vised to get DR.. Kings New Discovery
for consumption, Coughs and Colds.
gave it a trial, took in all eight bottles.
1t has cured me, and thank God | am
saved and now a we'll and healthy
woman" Trial bottles free at G. II.
Woods drug store. Regular size 30
cents and Sl.OO. Guaranteed or price
refunded.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14

Whoopipg couch is the most distress.
jig mp|'dy; but ito duration can be cut
short by the use of One Minute Cough
Cure, which is also the best known
remedy for Group and all lung troubles.
FRANK SMITH.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
Deny That They Heard That Spain, Etc.

Deny That They Heard That Spain, Etc.
LONDON, March 1.-THE officials OF
the United States embassy here say it
is absolutely untrue that they have
been informed hat Spain has raised
$50, OOO, 900 for the purchase of var
ships, etc., and has deposited that
amount in a London bank.
The greater part OF the cast of uni
forms of British soldiers find their way
into the shops Of dealers in secondhand
clothing. The coats are then either cut
up, sold to theatrical managers or ex-
ported to Africa and elsewhere for trad
ing purposes with the kaffirs and other
uncivilized people.
ID Fenner's Dy~leIA Tin uDe.'
rs the name implies, IS SIMPLY for Dys-
pepsia or Indigestion. 1t should be su
perior to the genera run OF preparations
and prescriptions because prepared by a
physician Of many years. study and ex-
%perience, whose writings or medical
questions are accepted as authorities.
II not satisfied after using one bottle,
your money will he refunded by Frank
Smith Of Madison.
After years of untold suffering from
piles, b. w. Pursell of Knitnersville, Pa,
was cured by using q single box OF De
Wits Witch Hazel Salve. Skin
diseases such as eczema, rash, pimples
I'D obstinate sores are readily cured by
this famous remedy.
FRANK SMITH.
Reduced Freight Rates for settler.
10 order to encourage TIA movement
OF settlers and land buyers from Illinois,
Wisconsin, Iowa and the eastern states
to western Minnesota, South Dakota
and North Dakota, the Chicago, Mil.
waukee Il st. Paul Railway Co. has very
materially reduced it's carload rates for
etnigrant m%ovabee, so that farmers who
have purchased lands in western Mime
sofa, South Dakota and North Dakota.
can take all Of their belongings with
them to their new homes at small ex.
pense, which inducement upon the part
OF the Chic 20. Milwaukee Il st. Paul
Ry. viii 20 douHt be glest.y appreciated
by those who are thus benefited.
For further Information apply to any
agent of the Chicago, Milwaukee and
st. Paul Ry.. or to j. IL. Hlland, general
freight agent, Old Gloomy Building,
Chicago, LII.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14
'EE DAILY LFADER
MONDAY MARCH IA. 1873.
rERMS OF SUBSCRIPTIONS
TO ADVERTISERS.

The DAILY LEADER makes q special feature OF
f1rnishlu information concerning the advante ges
aud res nrues of the city Of Madison and Of the
state a: large emitting it TO the patronage ofad-
%-erii-e,s of every class.
). T. TAIL +. Il. .etor
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14

Cascarets stimulate llve,, k,dneys and
bowels. Never sicken, weaken or CRIME.
10c.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14

Sioux Falls will seud Il delegation to
Huron IN HE lG.h, To capture the pop
state convention If possible.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14

A thrill of terror is experienced wher
a brassy cough of Group sounds through
the house at night. But the terror soon
change to relief after One Minu'c
Cough Cure has been adn;n;.tere.
Safe and harmless for children.
FRANK SMITu
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-03-14

One Minute Cough Cure, cures,
That Is what It was made for.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-10-01
Long Distance Mails.
From the New York Times.

From the New FORK Times
A letter sent from New York to Bang
kok, Siam, travels overland to San Fran
ciscs and thence by water, reaching its
destination in about forty three days, hay-
ing been carried nearly $4,000 miles. A
letter mailed here for Adelaide, Australia,
also goes via San Francisco travels II, 945
miles, and is delivered usually within thir-
ty-fve days New York mail destined for
Calcutta goes by way Of London, travel
ling II, 120 miles in twenty-nine days,
while mail sent from this city to Cape
Town, South Africa, goes % miles further
in two days less time.
Mail communication between New York
and Hong Kong ordinarily consumes one
month of time the letters go by way of
San Francisco, and cover 10. 500 miles OF
distance. To reach Melbourne, Austria
liza, from this city letter will travel II,
265 miles in about thirty two days, and to
reach Sydney letter will travel II, $40
miles in thirty one days. The mail route
from New York to Yokohama, via San
Francisco, is 734S miles long, and about
twenty-five days are consumed in transit.
TO 90 to Honolulu from this city letter
travels 5645 miles in thirteen days. Leav
ING New York on steamer days, mail mat
ter is scheduled to reach Rome III about
ten days, Madrid in ten days, London and
Liverpool in eight days, Rotterdam in nine
days, Paris in eight days, Berlin in nine
days and Athens and Alexandria in foul-
teen days. Communication with South
American ports is mnch slower. 1t takes
twenty four days for a letter to go from
New York to Rio Janeiro, which Is only
about fifty miles further from this city
than is Alexandria. Mail matter going
from New York to Buenos Ayres, which
is SO45 miles distant, consumes twenty
nine days or thirty days.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-10-01
Franklin Pierce'S Ring.
From the New York Sun.


The ring treasured by the descendants
of Franklin Pierce, president Of the United
States, is interesting for several reasons.
For one thing, it weighs nearly Il pound.
1t was presented to him by his friends
in California and has no equal in the world.
1t is of gold dug from California mine;
the circular portion is cut into squares,
which stand'at right angles to each other,
and each is embellished with an odd de-
sign, the entire group representing a
pictorial history Of California.
There are grizzly bear in menacing
attitude, deer bounding down slope, an
enraged snake, soaring eagle and sal
mon Upon another square are an Indian
with bow and arrow and a native mount
aineer on horseback throwing his lasso.
Next peeps out a Californian tent and a
miner at work with his pick. These de-
signs are srlrmounted by two American
flags. with the poles crossed and groups Of
stars in the angles. The part Of the ring
reserved for the seal is covered by deeply
carved plate of gold, with California $
arms, surmounted by the flag and inscribed
Crank Pierce in old Roman characters.
This lid opens with hinge and shows
beneath a square box divided by bars of
gold into nine separate compartments, each
containing pure specimen of the varieties
of ore found in the state.
The inscription within reads, Pre-
scented to Franklin Pierce, the Fourteenth
President of the United States = The
ring is valued at 81, 900.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-10-01
Sunday Trains.

On Sunday trains will leave Hien Station at $50
a. M. and 2.35 p. m, Westminster ll.l2 Il. IN. Ali p
m, arriving at Union Bridge at 1l.15 IN. aud $50
p m. Leave Bruceville CASA. m. and Union Bridge
at 6.56 a. m. and 3.5S p. m, Westminster 49, g. H.
and 4. 2S p M, arriving ut Hillen Station at 92Oa
m and Cos p. m.
Frederick Division Pennsylvania r. Il. DAILY eX
cept Sunday. )-Trains for Frederick leave Bruce
vile at S.3S, 9}1 and 1910 a. and 5SS and go
p. M. Trains for TaneytOwu, LittleStOwn and
Columbia leave Bruceville ut 947 Il. IN. and 81
p. m.
Through trains for Hanover and Gettysburg and
points on Baltimore and Harrisburg Division leave
Baltimore, daily, except Sunday, at ID Il. NJ ana
$50 p. III. Through cars for Gettysburg and inter.
mediate points leave Baltimore also daily, eXcep
Sunday, at 1917 a. IN.
Passengers for and from Cherr.' Rum Williams
port, P. V. and intermediate points, from and !o
stations east of HagerstOWn, change at HagerS0Wn
Emmitsburg r. r. Trains East will leave En-
mitsburg daily except Sundays at 10 and lON Il
m. and $50 and $50 p. H.. arriving al Rocky Ridge
at 7.4O and 1880 a. m. and so and DO p H.
Trains west will leave Rocky Ridge daily, except
Sundays. at S26 and 1910 Il. and 81 and CSC +
M, arriving at Emmitsburg $50 and lilo a. NJ ana
400 and 700 pm
Orders for baggage calls can be left at IlcSeI
Office, No. Ill East Baltimore street, Baltimore
J. NJ. HOOD, General Manager
jul2 B. II. GRIswoLD. Gen'. Passenger Agent
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-10-01
EXECUTORS SALE
IA OF
MOST DESIRABLE FARM,
AT MEDFORD STATION
AT MEDFORD s

By virtue of an order of the Orphans Court
of Carroll county, the subscribers, as execu-
tors OF David Englar, late of said county, de-
ceased, will sell at Public Sale, on the prem
ises, adjacent to Medford Station, on the
Western Maryland Railroad, on
SATURDAY, the 9Th of NOVEMBER, 1898,
at l o'clock, p. M, the farm now occupied by
Mr.. Jesse Bale, of P, containing
81 ACRES, MORE OR LESS.
The improvements on said farm consist of
a large two story Frame Wealth
erboarded Dwelling House, A.iSSA- =
bank barn, carriage house, 80 ~
grain shed, hog pen, chicken s 60
house and all other necessary outbuildings.
All the buildings are i'll tirst-rate condition.
| There is a well of good water, with wind
pump and reservoir from which the water IS
piped into the house and also to the barn, and
there is large cisern at the house. There
is on this farm an apple orchard of choice
fruit; also other varieties of fruit in full bear
ing, among which are fine pears, ounces and
grapes. There is also running water on this
farm.
About acres of the land is first class Mea-
dow and the remainder is under cultivation,
has good fencing and is fertile and productive.
This farm is situated in the celebrated
Wakefield Valley, in an excellent neighbor
hood, convenient to churches, schools, mar
kets, &c. The buildings are located on a
beautiful slope, within three minutes walk of
Medtord Station, and there is no more attrac-
tive or desirable property on the line of the
Western Maryland Railroad. This descrp
ton scarcely exhibits its attractions or does
it justice. Its sale offers rare opportunity
to any person wishing to purchase comfort
able and delightful home with the amount of
land it contains Persons wishing to view it
previous to the sale can call on Mr.. Bale, the
occupant, or on David Englar, Jr., one of
the Executors, at Medford Station.
Terms of Sale as prescribed by the Or
phans Court.-One-third cash on the day of
sale, or on the ratification thereof; one-third
in six months and nethird in twelve months,
the purchaser or purchasers to give bonds or
single bills for the credit payments, with
security to be approved by the executors and
bearing interest from the day of sale.
DAVID ENGLAR, JR,
ISRAEL C. RINEHART,
JOHN +. SENSENEY,
sepl7-ts Executors.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-10-01
gnetrp.
x =
THE CLOUDS OF GOD.

Robert Garrison Tongue In YOUTHS CompaniO,
The city is full of labor
And struggle and stril and care,
The fever pulse of the city
Is throbbing in all the air,
But calm through the sunlit spaces
And calm through the starlit sky
Forever, over the city,
The clouds of God so by.
The city is full of passion
And shame and anger and sin,
OF hearts that are dark with evil,
Of souls that are black within,
But white as the robes of angels,
AS pure through the wind swept sky,
Forever, over the city,
The clouds of God go by.
The city is full of sorrow
And tears that are shed i'll vain,
By day and by night there rises
The voice of its grief and pain,
But soft as a benediction
They bend from the vault on high,
And over the sorrowful city
The clouds of God go by.
o eyes that are old with vigil,
o eyes that are dim with tears,
Look up from the path Of sorrow
That measures itself in years;
And read i'll the blue above you
The peace that is ever nigh,
While over the troubled city
The clouds of God so by.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-10-01

mine eye, he admitted with rare and con-
scious magnanimity. ''You are forgive
you are pardon. Arise, mine yong fren -
!: i; 4 :: x x
Thus | saved the situation and secured
the appointment which [ now hold.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-10-01
Z week days only.
/ To land Baltimore Passengers on
Blue Mountain.

Leave Hagerstown CAB, Potomac ave. 647 Blue
Mountain 7.l5, Buena Vista Spring us, Blue Ridge
Summit 7.22, Thurmont 7.39, EmmitSburg 10
Rocky Ridge 7.47, Frederick 30, Bruceville 80,
Union Bridge S.0i, New Windsor S.11, Westminster
S.24 Glyndon $50, Owings' Mill 900, Sudbrook Dos
Walbrook 9.l7. Fulton 9 10, Penn. ave. 92l Union
9.26, Hillen 9.31 a. m. Returning leave Hillen al
3.22 Union 327 Penn. ave. $50, Fulton 3.34 Wal.
brook 1856, Westminster 4.25, New Windsor 4.4O,
Union Bridge Az Bruceville 453 Frederick els,
Thurmont 5.12, Blue Ridge Summit $50, Buena
Vista Spring $40, Blue Mountain So Potomac ave,
G.l3 HagerStoWn GIL y. m.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-10-01

BUILDING MATERIAL FOR SALE
ID am now prepared to fill all orders for
House and Barn Timbers, Fence Boards,
Palings, &C.. of the best Oak. Also White
Oak for sale. Estimates furnished. Orders
delivered if desired. VIM Y. FRIZZELL,
oc 81 If Bloom, Md.