The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-09-11
rorrs 81 so1nsor ArD 1rDUs4ar

~
m efder 70 mes we 'aimouiasa e1psdencsa WIN
railway car prAkes' the ingenious orake'
says tne Sotes'Vo TIL hea oeen tnVoneeo' VIZ
composed OF four steel ee0ments and COILS inolosing
one OF the car axes the sevInents being bolted
together and acting asa orakeshoe, thus forming .
rigid system that u bolted' oy means OF = projecting
shank, TO An arm arranged In the under frame OF the
car. In 'front.' OF the shoe IL an IRON disk, hxed ana
keyed TO the car axe when FORMS the armature 70
the shoe. this being held At Its proper distance from
the shoe by springs. On an electric current being
passed through the coils. the friction surface OF the
brakeshoe 10 brought into contact with the disk.
the car. AZ Dresden, a. reported, the application OF
the brake to a seventeen car travelling at nfteen miles
an hour brought the car to rest within A distance Of
forty feet.
Experiments conducted by Adams and MchclsOn
ct hcoM University. Montreal, have resulted In the
discovery that By pressure, marble IL capable OF
being moulded into any desired form, while still re-
tanning lite strength. columns OF marble two cent?
metres. two and one-half IN diameter. and four cent?
metres In length being thus accurately turned and
polished. Heavy wroughtiron tubes are employed,
made ~, in the construction OF ordnance. and the
marble IA firmly placed Il In position In said tube. an &C.
curatoly fitting aiding steel plug being then inserted
in either end, By which means the marble In
submitted to n pressure FAR above that which
would be sufficient to crush IL IL not 60 I'm
NAsHaas 4AN 49, So SN-hahA NAN
pressure 10 10 arranged that the latter might be
maintained for weeks or months. But under pres-
sure applied gradually. and In come cases continued
for weeks. the tube 10 found TO slowly bulge until
. very marked enlargement Of tho portion surround
ing the marble takes place; the tube IL then cut
anoth.r the marble within bo,ng fonp6 N bs Arm.
holding the respeotive aidea Of the tube 40 tinbtly
that n "a imporrible without mechanical AIDS 10 tear
than apnrt. Although mot 40 hard a. tho original
rocN. Il "a atill Arm and oompact. eapec,sily 40 when
the proceau Of defamation bas ham onrried ont
.Ioviv.
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ASwedish engineer, name and location not gfvOn.
has invented an apparatus for deep submarine op-
%erations. the device consisting. as described by .
writer in Pearson'S Magazine, Of q gigantic submarine
telescope. or "divinR chimney. the construction BE-
ing made up of piocea httinR into one smother ex-
actly a. do the sections Of o telescope. and ~ 10
Heightened in precisely the sHme manner. Each
section iS about twenty feet Iona, and the largest.
which II sunk to the greatest depth. has q diameter
Of fifteen feet. These sections diminish gradually
upward until the SmNllest is only about half Of this
diameter. and to its attached an inverted bell-ahar cd
mouth Vh'ch forms the entrance into tho long tube.
It ia made of the strongest aluminium bronze. and Of
400 pounds 10 the souaro inch. Tho bottom section.
which Ia. naturally. closed. ia supplied with win.
dovs all round the circumference At intervals of
| about two feet. 20 that IL offers opportunit,es for ner-
fact examination NJ evervthinp in the peiuhborhood
| on nj, s,des. On enoh aide OF each window ara nt.
tacbed rpbber arms enabling the vorkmen within 20
Az oronD,,po hooh, ana cbajns ronnd about n aunkon
| ~ubin-makine IL practicable to raise wrecks To the
aprface
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A recent meeting OF the Texas Railway Club was
made peculiarly interesting by o report made BY D.
R. Tuttle. superintendent of motive power and
machinery. Houston and Central Railroad. on the re-
suits obtained from the use for fuel Of Ignite. large
beds of which are near the main line of the road.
From this IL appears that experiments were FIRST
made by burning Ignite under tho boilers Of water
stations. and later It was found economical to use it
at the car shops. tire creosoting plant. and under all
.nd n,,ttiro On d,.mond .t~ct. 80. sonrd that
Ignite alone Gould be burned ON SUitcbinp cnO,nes
and that a mt,tpre NJ about eounl parta NJ Ignite
| md Territory or .Friaco coal WAS suitable for road en-.
o1nes The fuel recorda of this line furnish intsrest-
inc svIdence IN noint abovino m tbev do that IN
Jnnuarv. 1900. in all classes OF service. tho locomo-
tvos made ae.e miles mar ton Of coal at n cost of
II. os cents DER locomotive mile. while in January.
1904 oorresnonding apprea ware "a a milea per
ION ~ coaI coa+iro a A. cepts roi,e n p n reduo-
t,on NJ A az oanta na- 1ocorotive mia
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The atmospheric clock-a sort of device that goes
of itself-is not inaptly termed q perpetual hour
glass. In appearance It In like q long thermometer
with the bulb Of mercury at the bottom. The glass
tube is about three-eizhths Of an inch in diameter, and
secured to the frame by two bands through which 1t
passes easily. The divisions Of time arc marked on
each side Of the tube. Inside the glass tube 10 q
smaller tube shaped very much as an hourglass.
Some mercury and . scrap of plotting paper. for tho
purpose of taking up any moisture that might gather
in the tube. are placed at each end. The mercury in
the top end OF the tube 10 placed opposite the mark
Of the proper time. and falls to the bottom Of the
tube exactly a. the time passes. When 1t has run ont
curv a., n t,me On tbe otbsr side Tbus q reo,,tor,
The soconda ana boura ouite aa accpratelv a a any
otber Hm.nieca-tba dravb.cl n arch an orr.nos
want being ~ courae N. tnrn;no ~ tbe Fr,mr =,
tosr a, ir+soma a. tbat ~ vInd,no a cloct
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Recent researches have gone far. It ia thought. 10
render possible the assertion of Nordenskjold and
others that a large portion Of the earth's ~constitu.
apte ", a H. ~ rovrDjc nri1in-fbaf IN otbar -ords