The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1898-12-17
SOME COLD WINTERS OF HISTORY.
facta Which Indicate That tho Past wis
ter IL Not the WORT on Record.

In the year 401 the Back Sea wa.
frozen over for twenty days and men
crossed from Asia Minor to the Crimea.
In 76i the Black Sea was frozen to a
distance Of fifty miles from shore. Tho
Hellespont and Datylaneiles We're frozen
aud the Sea of Marmora was passuUle
for cavalry.
In 1903 the River Thames was frozen
over for fourteen weeks. All the river.
OF the continent were frozen, and even
south of tho Alps the Pc and many ether
streams were blocked With ice.
In 1904 the Cattegat was covered
with ice seven feet thick. Batteries oi
artillery were moved to and fro on the
strait.
In 1928 the Baltic Sea was frozen
over, and during thres months travellers
passed from the continent to Sweden
on the ice. Heavy wagon trains were
substituted for the trading vessels.
In 1888 the Thames and all other riv-
ers Of England ant Scotland froze owe
the Seine. Rhine. aud Danube were
closed to navigation early in December.
The Dardanelies and Hellespont frozc,
as did many bays and inlets of the Med.
iterrancan. Ice formed in Algiers, and
the Strait of Gibraltar was almost im.
passable from drift ice.
In 1861 the Baltic again froze over SO
as to permit travel on the ice. In Ger.
many deer sought the towns for refuge
from wolves. Packs of wolves camo III.
to the cities and attacked the people in
the streets.
In 1914 the cold was so severe in Hol.
land that wine was cut in blocks and
sold by weight.
In 1894 all the rivers of North Europe
were frozen before Christmas. The Cat.
tegat froze, together with n large part
of the Baltic. The sea at Venice froze
so that during three weeks no boats
could be used. The Tiber froze. Mt Rome
and men crossed it on the ice, a thing
never known before nor since.
In 1858 the bays and inlets Of North
Europe froze over early in December.
Charles X. OF Sweden crossed the strait
to Denmark with his whole army, in.
Guiding the artillery, baggage, and pro.
vision trains.
In 1913 the Thames was covered with
ice over a foot thick. Booths were erect
cd for a fair. which was held on the river,
Coaches piled 10 and fro on the ice US on
dry land. All the French ports were
closed for three or four weeks, the har.
bors being frozen over.
In 1891 the cold was SO severe in East.
ern Europe that packs of starving wolves
entered Vienna and attacked men and
women in the streets. All the canals
of Venice were frozen and the prin cipal
mouth Of the Nile was blocked With
floating ice for a week.
In l740 the Thames was frozen for
eleven weeks. Forest birds almost all
persisted, and trees were split by the
frost. The harbor of Barcelona froze
over. and navigation was suspended ia
the Greek Archipelago on account Of the
danger from floating ice.
The winter Of 1Sf2-'13 was one OF the
hardest ever known In Europe. The
Thames froze from the source OF the sea,
the Seine. the Rhine. the Danube, the
Pc, and the Granddaughter were ali cov-
cred with ice. The Baltic froze for
many miles from land, and the Iknge.
rack and the Cattegat were both frozen
over. The Adrialic at Venice WAS
frozen. SO was the Sen ri M.rnnra,
while the Heiiespont ana the Qirtian-
Giles were blocked witt, ice. and the
archipelago was impossible. The Tiber
was light y coated, and the Straits OF
Messina were covered With ice. Snow
fell all over North AFRICA, and DRIFT ice
appeared in the Nile. T.is was the
winter of Nnpolcon's retreat from Ms
COW, where 400, OOO men persisted, most
" OF co.l and hunger. The inca froze
! a-Ei ..i L 80 go VI pr FUE. EE-E=H. [rT.E