The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-01-02

irons that arc fixed under the car to guide tho
cable into the grip were lcngthcned ont to the
trucks the humping that now fortunes all ncr-
vous passengers would be almost wholly obvi-
ated. As u matter of fact, u device that would
easily Invented.
The, three briagoa mentioned arc, however,
only tho beginning of the struct urcs OF the kind
that nre to mako the metropolis famous among
cr'inocrs aud unique among cities. The new
Fast River Bridge now in hand will far excel
its prcdeccssor In capacity and probably In
durability. whilo the North River Bridge, when
completed. will be ono of the real wonders of tho
world. And the small bridges that connect
Manhattan Island with the mainland, though
insignificant in "a way In comparison with tho
SNOWY structures mentioned, arc intrin5ically
works OF beauty and OF the product of the host
engineering talent In tho world. The engineer
carefully is lacking in knowledge and in wisdom.
GREAT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS.
From the bridge one turns naturally TO tho
water supply system OF tho metropolis. Tho
In the ewes of engineers. One fact in connection
with tho construction will servo to show what
which way the wind blows. ""''w When itihl the ]contrSc.
tors began TO gather their implements a fair price
solid rock was $50 each. But, for the sake of
the reputation which he uso of his drills on u
vcrtisement, in short-a drill maker. sold his
machines to the contractors for $50 each.
The Manhattan Island system carries about
2oO.oQo,0oo gallons of water u day, while
Brooklyn in 1896 consumed about 81, 00O, 600
supply. The city of New York uses 20. 900. 900
gallons per d " more than London, oven IL Lon
that is another way Of saying that Kew Workers
keep themselves cleaner than any other urban
The water works OF Brooklyn are uniquc-nt
least they were when the system was cstab-
tablishcd, for instead of drawing from lake or
wet ground cast of the city, and these were con-
nected by pipes running t., powerful pumps that
plies. The capacity OF tho present watershed Is
estimated at only lO5,Oo0.0 900 gallons a day.
more n%S tG may be sup obtain "P from ID oo othSr' W"te SaibSds
further east on Long Island. There are about
500 miles of water mains in old New York and
from the AdirondackS 20 supply the metropolis
is by no means an engineering impossibility.
THE CITY AS A BUSINESS CENTRE.
A pamphlet written by +. b., ID c Bcrard and is
sets forth the prc.cmincnco of the metropolis as
II business centre in convincing fashion. As the
pamphlet says, the banking transactions of the
entire country are the measure of its aggregate
business. The buying and selling are repre-
scntcd, by tho checks given in settlement. In
States making their bank exchanges by means
of clearing houses. Altogether the total cx-
sos. s45, 279,5O5 OF this sum the exchanges in
New York amounted to $37,66O, 6s6,372 and
three other cities, including Boston, Chicago.
Philadelphia, and SO On, amounted TO So, 1884,
593,Q33. The exchanges Of New York were
nearly twice as great as all the others com
bined. Boston. which ranks next to New York.
had So. 102. 9sl ,3O7. while Chicago's exchanges
were S3,907. O46, 0OO. orubout onc-tenth OF those
of the metropolis.
Tho factory statistics of New York city are
set forth in similar indisputablc figures. New
York had 36,030 factories. employing 1897
hands, and producing $ll,os3, 9S6,O00 worth Of
goods. Philadelphia ranks next in the number
of factories, having Is. 1876. employing 2GO. 264
hands, and producing S577,23l,o 900 worth or
goods. Chisago prodhTees a greater yal4e of Of
factories, employing 2lO.36G hands.
New York supports 81 distinct manniactur-
Philadelphia leads in AZ classes, which include
e e,a sn ard wool'en goods locomotives Icsd carpets n t.
classes, including pork and other meat products.
agricultural implements, and sIcl, wind musical
Instruments as organs and lnolodeons. Thus
the combined manufactures and imports of
pianos in New York amounted to $l2.5s6.000;
less. But New York made and imported organs
to the value Of SOL 900. while Chicago's figure
With ali this lead in factories and other bust
ness enterprises. with its congestion of populn-
lion. mat IS greater per square mile in ono
spots that 400 people concentrate daily on u
single acrc-let the reader consider that il he
can look away to parts of the city where not
only primitive forest trees thrive, but where the
kinds of wild animals that haunted the region
in 1905 arc still to be found. Ono laughs at the
absurd Englishmcn who came to New York in
recent years armed WIN filleS, when tncy hOpe0
to use on buffalo. deer, and elk handy by the
Yankee metropolis. They were ignorant. of
course, bu, heir early surroundings and not
But If they had brought Manchester shotguns.
instead of rifles. they would have found game
and sport to their liking right within the limits
Of the city.
CHANCES FOR THE SPORTSMAN.
For the view from the top OF the building that
houses 100, people, on an aero includes the
forests Of Staten Island and the northern part OF
the city; 1t is a curious fact that or the 800 and
odd birds known I olhe whole nation nearly one
hall are set down as residents of or occasional
visitors 10 the city. of New, York. They are
| populated acres of the world. In the iaroons
back of lioCkawuy Beach may he found in the
season a great variety OF wild watcr, fowl and
back and the rcdhead is seon. tho brant comes
10 the dccoys and tho Canada goose honks
! of the trolley cars. shore birds are shot within
tho city that had nestcd in tho frozen Arctic
region and wore en- route to spend the winter in
patagonia. Tho partridge, the quail, the Eng
fish sniEc. and tho woodcock. II whirring host,
mhh% DC Sd iST N %. by the n" nI ddi! fo Sh ,%G,n w r%. knows "ys
owls of common varieties, such MS the barn and
the short-horn. owls. but more interesting still.
owl comes ut night TO the gcntlcr birds that
roost within the city limits. ana it is asserted
that even he great snowy owl, tho owl that en-
| Joys snatching s~peckled trout through the air
holes in the leo of the Adirondack streams ut
this season of The year. sometimes wnnders
down to take less beautiful but equally sutisfac.
tory food from the woodland stretches OF the
metropolis.
There arc wild hawks in the city. too-a con.
siderable variety at that. The fishhRwk scars
above the waters and the s~parrowhnwk finds
grasshoppers and mice a-plcnty in the fields.
But more remarkable still Is the undisputcd
fact hat n dnckhawk, n truc falcon, and ono ot
| the lerccst OF the feathcred robbers of the con-
tjnent, had its nest in an east side belfry not so
long ago, and such hawks arc still TO be seen
within the CITY,, Within II year a bald eagle
was reported aS flying above the waters of the
buy, and there, il nothing unreasonable in tho
belief that the bird was really an eagle.
The buffalo, tho elk, and the grizzly are, of
course. 10 be sccu only in confinement, but it is
a question whether the rcd deer that still roam
freely III the forests of eastern Long Island do
not in tho summer season stray far enough
west to get within the city limits. That they
might do so unseen by the inhabitants is certain.
OTHER WILD ANIMALS.
OF smaller mammals there is IN interesting
host. All observer of experience has seen four
kinds OF bats, two kinds of nioicE. aud four kinds
of squirrels running wild. Tho kangaroo mouse
and the woodchuck and the skunk and the
muskral are still with us, and any one who is
as good n reporter ms Thorcau was cHn make
| I,Dtp nf them The fox 81 Ala across the folds nf