The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-08-28

tons Of learning the only power OF RoveTnipo
people TO trust only.to q Judgment OF the StSate
for the selection OF private. advisers or assist.
RFnss; S sp ga ae ean mSnIa IL 4 Il iiS sern mis- nr6 bread IN
unless he hns been publicly Endorsed by tho AM.
Shorities. 10 merit alone, without such recSS.
wisdom OF tho authorities is almost a religions ino
among certain classes. Thus the French bonr.
invest ali his fortune IN doyerhmcnt socnritlIeess
instead OF private enterprlses,, This con1dinR
70 borrow mvney Mt all times, and 70 increase
it's debt 70 a figure which could not be maid "a
about six Billion doliarsHbIt At the same wo tine
II has created q habit Of refrainlnR from all on-
t~srpElses, not supported BY the State. While
n oil parts 81 tbe world, the Frsnch invest TeT1
little. even in. their. own colonies. They never
RRSsSssHfa II The ,S1 State had not " %pToela mIUesy 70 70
loudly it's political partnership with the Russ
sian Government.
II.
Not only has the modern European State ron.
| verted all able-bodied men into soldiers. buN
it has taken possession Of them. body and soul.
in many other ways. The citizen or subject
cannot marry before the State has given him
permission. In order to prevent young people
from making n mistake IL prescribes delayn
and requires the parents consent up to a cer-
tain age. should the man be an officer in the
national army he 10 forbidden to marry un.
less the girl have q specified income or
dowry in her own right, and she must
prove the possession OF the income before com.
petent authorities. In Germany, the oficerR
OF a regiment. themselves acting as delegates
OF the State. must refuse their consent. II the
girls father makes his living by physical labor.
Again. should a citizen or subject decide to cell
or buy real estate. the ubiquitous State bureaus
craey looms up at once; no such transfer 10
nnaethla ,,nlaoa a. iu m oda hoforo n pntar, NJ .
heavy expense. The recording Of the deed, II
this were all. would be useful to the con.
tracing parties. But the State has gradu.
ally made this service the excuse for impos-
ing q heavy tax on all conveyances of land.
The only reason IL can give for exacting such q
percentage is that It always needs money.
When o citizen dies the State interferes once
more; for. whore an income tax exists, com.
polling the citizen to disclose every year an ac-
count OF his fortune and Of his income or earn
ings. the State may examine the assets OF the
deceased. In some parts OF Switzerland. as in
the canton Of Vaud. there is a law allowing State
functionaries to invade the house where q
death has occurred. and to take an inventory
only OF the dead mans money, but even Of
his furniture. The French bourgeois, how
ever. Notwithstanding his traditional submis.
~siveness to State despotism, has never become
to the Entertainments on his pri.
vacy advocated by Continental ~demagogues,
and he has hitherto sternly refused to allow
any law to be passed levying an income tax.
He objects to disclosing his private fortune to
the State. and. though willing to nay a high
price for the satisfaction OF being governed, he
does not like to see functionariee poking their
noses into his account books He knows, be-
sides. what a premium on false declarations
the State has established by an income tax in
all countries where II is imposed
the States control is not ended. for his estate
cannot be divided as the owner may wish. The
yidual how to divide, fairly. and It Imposes By
the mode Of distribution among the chill
can dispose. freely only Of one-half Of his for.
Tune b1t I'll IL he he "a has two children: hecan disposeot
i iH1 S9e-t only q t One, h fonrt fhrf The or iR %9F re- he tss san
Continent. OF course. the State never helped
'rary. It levied the heaviest possible taxes on
MS salt, on. the oil burning in his lamp. on
everything he consumed in order to live. on
he, made: neyertSeiess. the sesstt at ss' now
the right to divide between his children
F pas [RSF s ext, for The ensstmenf e such lava, u
ects. In its anxiety. however. to, correct,
mend and improve Individual activity, in its
AeS ~ v IulbIuhGb ana
rought about the opposite result: for. being
representative Of divine justice or wisdom on
arth. It has been. necessarily. controlled and
managed by an oligarchy of agents.
m.
Among other calamitous results of tutelar1
Ivl administration in France may be noted
le following: the principle is there laid down
component parts OF the commonwealth,
he individual. the village. the commune. the
ty. the department. are unfit to regulate
or departmental affairs. the State alone
the necessary intelligence. TIL
reject andthe sub-prefects are invested wtth0
vii authority hardly eQualled, in Catholic
'untries and within the spiritual sphere, by
10 authority Of a Bishop. Both Of these func-
the Project and the Bishop, are sent
ON above; the one Is imposed by the State.
70 other by the Church. The French mind
understand self-government in politics
~ more than 1t could understand Protest
Itism OF the Congregational form. At all
mes. under oil reRimes-and he has tried
en- all-the Frenchman feels that he must
dictate and delegate his rights Of self-gov-
nment to the State. The rural mun
d departments must be governed By the cen.
authority in Paris. which. for the welfare
the people. sends out its omnipotent agents.
Q projects. intrusted with d~espotic adminis.
tive powers.
The doctrine Of the French State. with its
bureaucrat consequences. Is thus
by Tame: The State has made its
for an average Frenchman,' that IL,
a fictitious citizen 30 restricted and reduced
size hat nowhere can the statute At real.
Ing mon. With its legislative pair of
ssors 1t has. at one stroke. cut out, on one
gle pattern In the same cloth. thirty six
)usand copies OF the Rama eoat. as mi.
ne coat must now At every ommune what
'r Its natural size may be. The coat
90 small for a city. too large for a village: in
N cases 1t ID not appropriate. and is con-
nned beforehand as a misft. But, as IL was
from Paris. we have had to put It on and
!, In 1t; and we have lived In It the best We
ild' having no better coat at hand. Hence
every one In particular very strange atti-
lesI And. for general appearance OF the