davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1898-04-28

Since the opening Of the war the
price of food in Havana is said to have
advanced fifty per cent. ln trying to
avoid panic, the members of the stock
exchanges are promising their personal
fortunes in case Of extreme need.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1898-04-28
OUR cLUsslNG LAST.

We club with the following papers at
the following prices, when cash accompan-
les order:
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1898-04-28

am got A nuther car Nv tateIs an q
hole COB NV bs hunni an tenni c sogum
whats aaful sweet an bruther jon he
pade The Fraie.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1898-04-28

Cross on LETT side and hip. Ear marks,
crop aAd undersiope lett er, and underbit
right ear. Range on b. aver aud Cimarron,
~ will pay $500 reward fo- information
that will convict any party CT p"rlies of kill
ing or stealing any cattle in the above brands.
Il. X. PERRY
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1898-04-28

IL. w. Groves aud wife are visiting at
he home of j. Il, Sencenieh, at Meade,
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1898-04-28

Mrs. JAS. Mathews who has'becn vis-
ting at the hotel this week. returned
home "Wednesday.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

while a dynamite projectile would scat
ter the stone and mortar like chaff be-
fore the wind.
The railroad mentioned passes over a
low and narrow sthmus to the rocky
point on which the city of Cadlz is built
On the opposite side of the bay. inclosed
by this isthmus and point, are Puerto
de santa Maria, at the mouth of the
Guadaletc, and the fort of Santa Cata-
lima The city is surrounded by walls
of great height, fanked by towers and
bastions. making it one Of the most
strongly fortified places in Spain.
The lighthouse of San Sebastian, on
the ocean side, is 172 feet tall from it's
base and can he seen 20 miles at sea-
AS a signal post it will prove of advan-
tage to the invading fleet. La Caraca,
the royal dockyard lies at the foot of
the inner bay, about six miles from the
city, and is defended by the cross fire Of
two forts.
On the east side OF the city Is the
Alameda, the principal promenade.
This is where Lord Byron looked upon
the wealth and beauty of the women.
the loveliness of the senoritas. and sang
the praises Of "the dark eyed girl OF
CadiZ."
The city is divided into four quarters,
containing six great squares and %
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
A Fighting Chinese.

The enlistment of Chinese in the
volunteer army in California the other
day recalls the fact that there was but
one Celestial in the civil war. His Chi
nese name is unknown, but the name
under which ne enlisted was Thomas
Sylvanus. He was born in Baltimore
about IS years before the outbreak of
the war. When only a child, he was
taken to Pittsburg, where he acted as
a servant for a wealthy family in that
city. When the war broke out, Thomas
ran away and enlisted in the army. He
served Uncle Sam until the close of the
war, shortly after which he turned up
in Indiana, Pa, where he resided until
his death, which occurred a few years
ago.
While in the service OF the United
States Sylvanus contracted a disease of
the eyes from which he almost went
blind. In 1850 he applied for and was
granted n pension of Sl2 per month He
also secured several hundred dollars
back pension. An exanination of the
records discloses the fact that Sylvanus
was the only Chinese in the late war
and consequently the only one of his
race who drew a pension. At last ac-
counts his widow and children were still
living in Indiana, Pa.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
Contraband Of War.

general definition OF contraband
Of war is anything that can be useful
to the enemy" OF course this includes
guns, ammunition, food for soldiers. 1t
even includes sulphur intended for
manufacturing, but which might be
used in war
The Italian chamber of deputies has
decided that coal is not contraband of
war. During our civil war England
took strong grounds on the subject and
made both parties to the conflict aware
that coal was decidedly contraband.
Neither Union nor Confederate steam
ers could obtain a cargo of coal in Eng
lish ports. When in 1864 a Confederate
warship went into Halifax with her
fires about out, she was allowed to take
just enough coal to reach the nearest
friendly port. A careful computation
was made from her log and steaming
record, and the exact amount of coal
required was weighed out to her in
sacks of 100 pounds each.
The Importance of a neutral power
really remaining neutral was proved in
the case of the Alabama claims, in
which England was obliged to pay the
United States 900 for her failure
to live up to the neutrality agreements.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
Castilian Towns That Will Soon Be
the Targets For Commodore
Watson's Big Guns.

Cadiz had wonderful commercial i'm
portance after Columbus great discov-
cry, for it was the one port from which
all commerce was carried on to the
west. but as the Spanish colonies be-
came Independent It lost much Of it's
ocean carrying trade. But it's position
at the entrance to the Mediterranean
still makes 1t the most important port
of Spain.
The opening Of the railroad to Seville
increased its business, as did also GER
tain harbor Improvements. Sherry wine
Is the main article of export Its man
ufactories are not numerous. though
gloves, guitars, mantillas, fans and
sweetmeats are produced in large guam
titles. Merchandise for Seville is un
loaded there, and many lines of steam
ers make it the depot of departure for
all points of the compass. The city has
maintained a continual prosperity lon
ger than any other in Europe, with its
name practically unchanged. IT has a
very ancient and romantic history, hov-
ing been founded in 100 Il. G. by the
Phmnicians. vino named it Gadr, or
Gadeira, 1t was then in the province OF
Utica, The remains Of temple Of the
Phpnician Hercules and other edifces
of the ancient settlement are still vsl-
BILE about the shores at low water. Be-
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
Spain s Great
Toboggan Slide,

On his accession to the Spanish
throne Philip II found himself ruler of
the greatest empire the world had seen
since Rome was at the zenith Of her
power. Its navies were famous for
their greatness, and they ruled the
ocean. Its armies were famous for
their prowess. She swayed the destlnes
of europe, had possessions in all the
continents then known and may be
said to have owned the Americas,
North and South.
The Spanish empire was the result Of
marriage. conquest and discoveries. It's
decline and fall may be ascribed to the
ruthless character OF the Spanish peo-
pie.
In the latter part Of Philips reign
Spain lost all or nearly all, Of her de-
Tendencies in North Africa and early
in the next reign Burgundy, Naples
Sicily and the Milanese.
16O0-The Netherlands
1G2S-Malacca, Ceylon, Java and other
islands.
1Gi0-Portugal.
1GiS-Spain renowned ell claim TO
Holland.
1Gis-Brabant and parts ~ Flanders.
1649-Maestricht. Hertoccnbosch, Pre-
da. Bergen op-Hoom and many other
fortresses in the Low Countries. In this
year also she tacitly surrendered SUI
promacy on the seas to northern Eu-
rope.
1C50--Rousillon and Cardague. Thoss
places were coded to France. thus maxi
ing the Pyrenees the boundary between
the two countries.
1s6S-other sections Of Flanders.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
Treasure Ships to Race.

A mad race south from ST. Michaels
between two steamships laden with the
cleaning output of Klondike mines will
take place this summer The need Of
the vessel to establish teleRraphic COM
munication with civilization will be
worldwide fame as the treasure ship of
1898 One competitor for this honor Will,
be the Roanoke of the North American
transportation and Trading company,
whose vessel lands in Seattle. and the
other the st. Paul of the Alaska Com
mercial company Of San Francisco
Both companies have store upon store
of gold dust in their strongholds on the
banks of the swift running Yukon, and
each will seek to be first to unload the
vast winter accumulation of wealth in
a domestic port. Every passenger will
be a capitalist dreaming on his precious
sacks of a golden future What stories
they will tell of rich pans washed from
sulen streams and fortunes found by
| lucky chances! The "multis" of the
KlondilSe millionaires VIII be the first
| to come out.
! The output of the Klondike mines last
winter has been variously estimated at
from $1,000 900 to $50 900, 900. Conserva-
tive miners have judged the output be-
/ tween 1900 900 and $50 900, 900. OF such
a sum the two companies operating the
Roanoke and st. Paul own probably
one-half. They have the accommodations
of gold dust at the trading posts, the
outputs OF their own mines and the pri-
vate fortunes of many miners whose
dust was bought with drafts.
/ The intention of the companies to
send out as much as possible by the
! first boats is unquestIoned. They are
actuated in this by the desire speedily
to put their tempting wealth in a posi-
tion of safety and by the no less vigor-
Gus wish to advertise themselves and
the country. The greater the output
and the more dazzling its introduction
| to civilization the greater will be the
excitement and the consequent rush to
the mines. That means business for the
big transportation companies.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

OF Angouleme after a siege which was
the eliminating operation Of the French
In favor of Ferdinand VII. It's people
seem to be noted for their liberal tend
encies, and there, on Sept. H. 1868, be-
gan the first movement which ended in
the overthrow of Queen Isabella, whose
puny grandson, Alfonso XIII, now wears
the dignity of king.
Barcelona is on the northeast coast, in
the vicinity of the Pyrenees. Including
the large suburb of Barceloneta it has
population of about 200, 900 and is sit
rivers Besos and Llobregat at the foot
OF Mount Monjuich, the Mons Jovis Of
the Romans and also the Mons Juda!
Gus Of the middle ages. which name Is
derived from the fact that the country
was then occupied by the Jews. Its
population decreased between 1854 and
1868 owing to the mortality caused by
cholera and the subsequent removal of
much OF the manufacturing industry be-
You'd the municipal boundary. But there
has been n great revival since, and to-
day it Is the most flourishlng and, after
Madrid, the most populous city in Spain
and one of the finest in appearance. Its
manufactures and commerce are very
extensive and 1t has both a large inn
port and export trade.
A city of great wealth. 1t is like Cad
liz, the see of bishop, has a university
established in 1850. several commercial
academies and many civil. military and
benevolent institutions, with the usual
proportion of churches. cathedrals, nun
neries and hospitals. The junta de
concrete, or board OF trade, supports
professorshlps OF navigation, chemistry,
experimental philosophy, architecture,
foreign languages. etc. The principal
streets are long. wide, well paved and
lighted in the newer part, but in the
old quarter are narrow, crooked and
picturesque. Among the numerous
promenades are the famous Rambla
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

In the fifth century 1t was taken by
the Goths, two centuries later by the
Arabs, and from them 1t was seized by
the Christians, aided by Charlemagne
II was then governed until the twelfth
century by Independent counts, nomi-
nally subject to the French or Carlo
vingian kings, and subsequently became
attached to the kingdom of Aragon. In
1910 the city rose against the tyranny
of Philip " and threw herself into the
arms of France, but was retaken in
1857. In 1897 1t was captured by the
French, but restored to Spain in the
same year. Then followed varying cpl
sodes in Its history 1t was captured
by the Spaniards and English at one
time, bombnrded by the French at an
other and finally, in 1905 taken by Ma
poleon, who held it till 1914. In 1912
Barcelona revolted against the queen
of Spain and was bombarded and as
saulted by Espartero in December Of
that year. There were other insurrec-
tons in l843 and 1856. both suppressed
after much bloodshed. Barcelona does
not seem to have ever been q firm sup
porter of the Spanish crown, though IL
Is representative Castilian city. 1t
claims the merit of having established
the first bank of exchange and deposit
in Europe in 1901, which was devoted to
the accommodation of foreigners as well
as its own citizens. Barcelona also
claims the glory of having compiled the
most ancient written code of maritime
law now extant. 1t was digested from
the usages OF commercial nations and
formed the basis of the mercantile juris-
prudence of Europe during the middle
ages.
In the fourteenth and fifteenth centu-
rles Barcelona was the wealthiest city
in Spain. for it's citizens were full of the
commercial spirit. and trade was never
esteemed a degradation in Catalonia as
| Ii came to be in CASTLE.
| About one-half the distance between
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
/, y 1 A;Sss IS &|s;lSAysAz1AMz

Orom Arabic raml meaning sand) and
the one around the ramparts, with
pleasant views toward the sea.
The cathedral Is a fine structure
which the Moors converted into a
mosque. and among noted churches is
that of San Cucufat, erected on the spot
where its patron saint was martyred,
and that Of Santa Maria del Mar. built
on the site of a chapel OF the Goths,
whose rebuilding extended from 1923 to
1883. One of its most remarkable struc-
lures is the Palacio de la Deputacion,
where the cortes OF the province former
ly held their slttings.
The harbor Is formed by a huge mole
running southwark for a considerable
distance from the shore. the depth OF
water within being 20 feet. The fort of
Monjuich south OF the city stands upon
the isolated hill Of that name 752 feet
above sea level. 1t commands the city.
the citadel and the port and Is consid-
cred by the Spaniards to be impregna-
BILE. The citadel to the northeast Is a
regular fortress built on the system OF
Vauban. Surrounding 1t are walls,
bitches and batteries. The lombard
ment of Barcelona would be most
heartrending and tragic event to the
Spaniards. for It Is a city Of which they
are Justly proud.
Like other Mediterranean towns, 1t
has an ancient history, for, according to
tradition, It was founded by Hercules
400 years before the building Of Rome
or about 1850 B. c. 1t was re-establish-
ed, or. according to more Trustworthy
accounts. founded, by Hamiloar Barca
the father of Hannibal. who called II
Barcino. After the expulsion of the
Carthaginians 1t fell into the hands OF
the Romans. who made 1t colony. also
known by the name of Faventia.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

smaller ones and 2e0 streets. There are
numerous public buildings, charitable
institutions, two cathedraIs, seven
churches, Is converts, two theaters
and a bull ring, which to q large
proportion of the Inhabitants is the
most important center of attraction.
An unusually clean appearance Is pre-
sented on account of the white free
stone used in building the houses. which
are four or five stories high. The mar
row streets are regularly laid out, the
finest thoroughfare being the Gale An
cha, which contains the bolsa and is
connected with the principal square,
the Plaza San Antonio
1t is related that the illustrious Mu-
rillo fell from a scaffold while painting
a pictsre which is in the Convent OF
San Francisco and died from the effects
of the fall. The climate, most always
hot Is at times rendered unbearable by
the torrid winds from Africa.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

; Gibraltar and Barcelona Is Cartagena,
which may be regarded as the southeast
port on Spain. This city, the chief naval
arsenal, is built at the head OF deep,
we'll sheltered harbor. fianked by steep
hills and defended by fortifications at
the harbors mouth. 1t communicates
with the Segura river by the Larca ca
| nal. An island TO the south Is strongly
fortified. The city occupies the declivi-
! ty OF a hill and small plain extending
to the harbor. IL neatly built and has the
regulation walls surrounding 1t. The
streets are wide, and there are several
public squares, in which municipal en-
terprise centers, filled with objects OF
beauty. The old cathedral of small pre-
tensions is now used simply as church,
but there are other houses of worship,
converts. hospitals and the usual num-
Der OF benevolent and educational insti-
tutions, for IT is n fact that, despite the
dense ignorance of the mass of the peo-
pie, Spain has magnificent Libraries and
opportunities for securing higher ed
ucation. There also are dockyards. ar
senals, foundries. ropewalks an artil-
lery park, an observatory and an i'm
mense glass factory. With a capacious
water front Cartagena has little COM
merce. The inhabitants are chiefly en-
ployed in lead or silver mining and
fishing and exporting barilla, grain and
esparto.
The mineral wealth of the neighbor-
hood was known to the anclents, and
the yield of silver enabled the great
Hannibal to carry on his wars against
the Romans. A Joint stock company
has been successfully working the mine
of La Carmen since 1889. Cartagena
was formerly very unhealthful but the
draining several years ago OF the AL
majar. lake formed by the rains, has
remedied this evil, and the population
has since increased to about $4,000.
Cartagena's history 10 similar to that
OF other towns that lay across the WI
tiers from ancient Carthage. Founded
by Hasdrubal the Carthaginian gem
eral. about 230 B. c., 1t was taken by
Sciplo 20 years later, at which period.
according to the Roman historian Livy.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

Cadiz, the pride of Andalusia. This
proud city, g miles from Seville land a
fleet may sail to within eight miles OF
the latter on the Guadalqulvir river),
is located upon promontory that ex-
tends northwest five miles into the At
lantic from the lsla de Leon and has
population OF $4,000 or more The is
land Is separated from the mainland by
a narrow channel, the Rio de Santi
Petri, at the entrance of which from the
ocean is the fort Of Santi Petri, or st,
Peter On the right OF the railroad from
Seville as 1t approaches the city are
the forts OF San Luis Puntales and
Matagorda. But Spanish forts are only
picturesque objects. Though they may
have modern guns, Krupps principally
the Notifications can easily be crush
ed with a few inch and 10 inch shells.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

fore the second Punic war 1t belonged to
the Carthaginians but in 206 b. c. sur
rendered to the Romans. who changed
the name to Gades. Later the Goths
controlled it, and from them 1t was
taken by the Arabs. who held 1t till the
year 1860, when 1t was captured by the
Spaniards. The English knew 1t by the
name of Gales. when they, under Lord
Essex in conjunction with the Dutch,
captured and sacked It in 1896. The
booty was immense. Thirteen ships OF
war and 40 huge treasure galleons were
destroyed, causing almost universal
bankruptcy in Spain. 1t was, however
unsuccessfully attacked by the English
both in 1925 and 1902 and was blockaded
by Admiral Blake in 1857. From 1910 to
1872 1t was the seat OF the central ma
tiondl junta and was invested by the
French, who raised the siege upon the
approach of Wellington. In 1923 1t was
bombarded and surrendered to the Duke
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

the clouds at even a greater distance.
The light Is gathered into a nine foot
beam. which has an estimated intensity
of 90. 1000, 900 candle power The light re-
wolves six times minute. 1t was man j.
ufactured In France. but American gem
Grating apparatus has been substituted
for that built abroad, and the dynamos.
engines and boilers are to be duplicated
In case Of accident. The beam of light
from the lamp will illuminate a news
paper at a distance Of 100 miles.
New York and the Bay State feel q
Joint interest In First Sergeant vaien-
tine f. ellison, who goes to fight Span
iards with the Charlestown (Mass.) City
guards. ellison was formerly employed
by Harper Bros.s IN New York. and u
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

on their cheeks. They will gain ex-
perience rapidly. and many Of them will
distinguish themselves. The youth of
the country has responded nobly 10 the
call for troops. as American youth al
ways has In every one Of her wars
young men have won glorious names
and frightened the pages Of American
history.
Edwin Stewart, the paymaster general
of the navy. has entered upon his third
term, q record without a parallel In the
history Of the navy department. He
was appointed by President Harrison.
:. A, treaty is not usually considered al
III force until all the formslities termi-
mating with ratification have been OBJ
served. but sometimes 1t begins to op.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

the enemy's guns. and outside OF that
range the graphing apparatus has to
be dragged over an uneven bottom at q
depth of 5000 feet, SO that the grappler
may cross and recross the cable 20 times
without catching 1t.
The average age Of the volunteers
who have enlisted for this war IL only
a. The army We are sending against
Spain 10 perhaps the youngest that ever
went into battle. The youthfulness of
the volunteers from the north and west
has been q subject Of much remark,
and the southern volunteers are mostly
very young men. The enthusiasm and
vigor Of youth are Of great value In
war Our boys are going cut with light
hearts and with the flush OF confidence
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
Cartagena, Barcelona, Ferrol,
Cadiz and Their Defenses
Against Hostile Fleets.

the Cuban squadron under the COM
mand Of Acting Rear Admiral Samp-
son now commodore). who would
naturally take command of the entire
fleet. Spain will be forced to sur
render, according to Washington stra-
tegists, and there will not be the neces-
sity of campaign against Havana. 1t
will force the defenders of that city to
the humliating conclusion that we con-
sidered that war bristling capital of too
little consequence to lombard or as
sault and were content to await its
quiet evacuation.
OF all Spanish cities the one that
most breads a storm of shot and shell
and The one upon which the greatest
amount Of injury can be inflicted is
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

Davis Elkins. son OF Senator and ex-
Secretary of War Elkins, has enlisted
with the West Virginia volunteers and
VIII go to the front The senator Is
much gratified at this. He says he mas
Induced his second son Stephen, who Is
at Yale, to go back to college and take
his examination on the promise that II
the war continues long enough chance
Tor him to see some service in the army
Will be obtained. Richard. the senator's
third son, who Ii at Princeton, wanted
to enlist. but was rejected on physical
grounds.
Treaties Of pease are valid, whether
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

crate at an earlier moment II 30 pro-
vided.
According to the current pictures OF
all naval heroes, Sampson, Captain
Bob Evans. Dewey, Hobson and Schley
dress their hair in the same manner.
The only heavy artillery now in the
British army are the two regiments OF
Life guards. the Blues, the Royal dra-
goons and the Scots grays. The Dragon
guards and lancers regiments are all
medium, and the hussars are light.
A six months cruise will decrease the
speed Of ship 10 per cent. This Is ow-
ing to the barnacles that form on a
ships hull.
The Victoria cross carries with 1t a
pension OF $3.50 year for life.