davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02
ARIZONA.

Arizona stands at the threshold of an era of wonderful social and industrial de velopmcnt. There can't be doubt about 1 the fact. The dawn for which she has waited so long is breaking at last. There is every promise of a day of great pros ] perity and permanent upbuilding just be- l fore her. The impulse of a new and ener- gizing hope is visible everywhere among her people while the cumulative effect of many things, which made but small i'm pression as they transpired singly, is now commanding for her full share of atten- ton and interest abroad among home seekers and capitalists.
 4 lively competition has sprung up for the possession of things which have hereto fore gone begging for ownership. There is a scramble for franchises. Nothing more surely indicates a great industrial awaken ing than this The rates of interest are falling to moderate figures. Nothing more surely indicates confidence and competition among the money lenders than this.
 Arizona has reached that cimacticer period which every western state has eX- perienced sometime in its history when, after long and weary struggle and doubt, with each side of the balance first up and then down, the clouds of despondency have suddenly rolled away, and a sunhurst of cnergizing hope has thrilled the droOp- ing spirits of the people to greater and braver endeavor than before.
 For the last twelve years the subsistence of the great Tombstone boom and the com pletion of two transcontinenta lines of railroad across her teTritory-Arizona has rather dropped out Of public attention, but in that time she has been quietly ac- cumulating a fund of substantial wealth and a force of moral character which qualify her now to rise up and take her destiny in her own hands.
 The population of Arizona is Mexican This is mistake Of great importance fro,l the moral point of view There Is but one considerable center of Mexican population in the territory, the city Of Tucson, and even there 1t is not by any means at pres eut the pradominating element. It think 1t is certain that Arizona has not to-day nearly so large 8 Mexican population as Colorado and not above One-tcnth as much as New Mexico. r"Fitz-M in Denver News.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02
RIVERS OF YUMA COUNTY.

in regard to climate, healthfulncss, fer tility and productivencss of soil, facilities for cultivation, irrigation and abundance oi water s8pply, variety of resources and cheap Transportation by rail and by water, no part cf Arizona can surpass Yuma county, which is destined to become one of richest and most prosperous counties in Arizona.
 t lies between 327 00' and 357 29, north latitude and lI3' 20' and ll+a 49' yves. longitude. It contains 6, ,lss. $40 acres. I. Is about as large as the States Of Rhode Island, Connecticut and Delaware o.n- bi,cd. oras large as either New Hamr-lire, Vermont OF liassachgs-l,s
 Tue 0cstorn boundary of Yuma Count. is formed by the Colorado ri,cr which separates Arizona from California Tie county is keurded on taeuarth ly Williams Fork and the santa Maria nver, whose waters flow into the Colorado; on tle east rv the counties of Pima, llar.cona and Yavapai, and on the south ly sonora, Mexico. Its county seat is the town Of Yuma.
 The Colorado river drains the entire ter ritory of Arizona, and every drop Of water uh.ch falls on its mountains and plains dnds its way to this mighty river. It is formed by the union Of the Green and Grand rivers, feI by the streams which rise in tl,e Rocky Mountains, and the melt fng snows cause a greater depth of water iu this riy r m summer than Tn winter. thus furnishing the most water at the season when it IS most required for the purposes firrigation and agriculture.
 t will be seen that for the entire distance long its western boundary, Yuma County poss, ses the great advantage of cheap water Transportation.
 The Gila river rises ill the western part of New Mexico and is fed by numerous streams, among the most prominent of which are the San Pedro, Aqua Fria, Has, sayampa and Salt rivers. It flows west through Yuma County and empties into the Colorado at the town of Yuma.
 Yuma county, traversed by these great rivers from its northern to its southern, and from its eastern to its western bound. aries, possesses a far greater water supply shan any other county in the Territory. and far more than can be found in all Cali sernia
 This water i5 now being diverted from i,s aatural channels by means of numerous large iuigaling canals, and utilized for the purpose of retaining and irigating th. immense tracts sf lands which lie in this aavored country, and which are as fertile sa any in the world.
 The Souucr T.6H. Uai'..a3 rros-as the Colorado rivera. .ae town o Naaa aud runs through the county Following tao acnlrol course, and at an average dis.auar 5fqbout f7erlri.os -eut2. af tn- Gi'a river. rendering aU tac lands susceptible of ini- cation and cultivation. can a"d an easy outlet in tlie way aaa can ba transported O all tne markets and eautera of population p, the Eas, ar West.
 Auotaer competing railroad is projected '-om San Diego. California, to tie town sI Norq. ar4 taeneelrons the north side of the Gila river. Thus Yuma County "iI -re exceptional la...eas advantages.
 ...- s,4 |, ..-r- .r ID ,.r-,.s.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02
Is IT APLACE FIT TO LIVE IN?

This depends on what one expects in a huge, parscly settled Territory of mount
 aims and deserts. The man who looks for
 either the beauty or the seductive excite
 ment of Monte Carlo will not ind it. As little will he fGd the historic remains or the cosmopolitan attractions of Egypt; nor could he reasonable expect the amusements and luXuries of our own Eastern cities. The people of Arizona are still chiefly busy in
 the pioneer work of subduing it to the residence and uses of civilized man. But it has two transcontinentaI lines of railway
 with numerous feeders; it has fast mails.
 and rival telegraph lines, and is throbbing with the intense life of the splendid West.
 The two principal towns in the south ern portion, chiefly sought for their climatic advantages, are Phoenix and Tucson. Each of them has ten thousand inhabitants or more. They have the electric light, tele- phones, trolley cars, plenty of hotels,
 banks, bookstores, good schools, churches. an occasional theatrical performance, some times lecture or a circus, often a horse race, and, in the spring. a thoroughly curious and interesting ''Gesta. For the cest, people must take their amuscments with them. Good horses are abundant and cheap, and there are plenty of cow boys-the genuine article-to show what horses can do. The driving for fifteen or twenty miles in almost any direction from Phoenix, is nearly always easy. The roads are apt to be dusty; bat there IS one we'll sprinkled drive of six or eight miles; and since tine winds are quite regular in their direction, it is rarely difficult to choose route or which the dust will be largely carried away frou you. The unjroken desert itself is often as easy to drive over as an Eastern highway, and the whole valley is paradise for bicyclors, or eques- trians.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
HOMESTEAD ENTRY No. 1855.
.d Office at Tucson, Arizona
 December 9. 1857.

Land Office at Tucson, Arizona
 December 9, 1897. Notice is hereby given that the following named settler has filed notice of his intep- ton to make final proof III support of his claim, and that said proof wilt be made before the Clerk of the District Court at Yuma, Arizona, on January 29. 1898. viz. Carlos Ramirez, of Yuma, Yuma countv. Arizona, for the seIt sec. 9, T. foS. E. T w., G. X $. R. M
 He names the following witnesses f., prove hls continuous residence upon and cultivation of said land, viz. Charles Nolan, Patricio Gonzales, George A. Duke and Custodio Ramirez, all of Yuma. Yuma County, Arizona.
 EUGENE J. TRIrrE1,
 Register.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02

(cury is ranging from 8O' to 90'. The air is
 50 dry that precipitation is absorbed as soon as it reaches the surface of the hody, and at ne time in the sumrler does the heat produce any discomfort.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02
ARIXOEA.
It's Attractions and Advantages as d
 Place of Residence in Winter.

Whitelaw Reid. owner and editor of the New York Tribune, who has spent the last two winters in Alizona for the benefit of his health, writes entertainingIy and in structively concerning that rart of the country. Mr. Reid says:
 So many questions are asked about Ari- zona as a place for winter residence, and there appears to be such a dcartb of pre- else information among many who are vitally interested, that it seems almost c. public duty, to set down, in the simplest form, a few facts of personal observation.
 WEATHER.
 During a five months residence in Southern Arizona in winter there was but one day when the weather made it actually unpleasant for me to take exercise in the open air at some time or other during the day. Of course there were good many days which weather observer would de scribe as "cloudy," and some that were "sho@ep; but during these five months from No' cmber, 1895, to May, lS96l there were only four days when We did not have brilliant sunshine at some time dur ing the day. Even more than Egypt, any where north of Luxor, Arizona is the laud of sunshine. As to details:
 TEMPERATUBE.
 I have seen the thermometer mark 92 degrees in the shade on my north piazza in March. On the other hand we had frosta which killed yoong orange trees, and there were several nights when thin ice formed, The government reports show 6 mean temperature for fourteen years at the pres aat territorial capital of 51} degrees in November, 5 degrees in December. 49 de groea in January, 5l degrees in February. q degrees In March and G6 degrees in
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02
rHECLIMATE 0F YUMA.

Thcc'.mat Of lrma for n.ae mcatas of .he year has a5 -I1al, as ve believe, in the world, and during the remaining three 7iontls of the year. comprising June. July and August, the heat is hot oppressive. Sven Enough the thermometer in aaa-sum- a.or may 9; tincs rise above 1902, and oa- -asioaaliy e, ,an reach lit yel owing t9 she absence of mo5a...el la t.e afr. its not
 resslsc. Taeataal ..ta isuure, light and ja'mg. When the ~ereuy marks ,ae highest extre~1e of heat. 9 r.reu does pct
 the- oppression or debility which ia
 ''|-s when t.e H.r-
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02
AIR

The atmosphere is singuIarly clear, tonic and dry. 1 have never seen it clearer anyw here in the world. 1t seems to have about the same bracing and exhilarating qualities as the air of the Great Sahara in Northern Africa, or of the deserts about Mount Sinai, in Arabia Petraea. It is much drier than Tn the parts of Morocco, Algiers or Tunis usually visited, and drier than any part of the Valley of the Nile north of the First Cataract. It seems to me about the same in quality as the air on the Nile between Assouan and Wady- Halfa, but somew hat cooler.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02

Don't go 10 the KIondike-you don | have to. Stop at Iaeger's and get a big beer; cool and refreshing.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02

April. The same reports show the highest and lowest temperatures, averaged fol eight years, at the same place, as follows: For November 781l degrees and F degrees December 731a degrees and 367a degrees, January 6511a degrees and g degrees, Feb ruary 7I1a degrees and 351a de rees, March Sl l1a degrees and fl degrees and April SG1l degrees and 4G degrees The nights throughout the winter are apt to be cool enough for open wood fires, and tor blankets. Half the time an overcoat Is not needed during the day, but it Is never prudent for stranger to be without one at hand.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02
ACTUAL HUMIDITY.

This is extremely slight, everywhere in Arizona, as compared with any eastern climate in the United States. The air is driest on the high mesas, remote from snowclad mountains or forests, and in the desert valleys, where no considerable irri- gation has been begun. Wherever irriga- tion is carried on on large scale, the percentage of humidity in the atmosphere must be somewhat increased, although to an eastern visitor it is scarcely perceptible. The same Government observations al ready cited show relative humidity. at Phoenix or Tucson, averaged for weeks, from morning and evening readings, at less than half the usual humidity on dry days in New York. General Greedy, in a pub- IcatiOn from the Weather Bureau, gave the normal weight of aqueous vapor in the Arizona air at from l14 to grains per cubic foot.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02
EYS OF THE COLORADO AND
 CHA,
CHA,

! h the valleys of the Coiurado and the Gla rivers there is roem for thousands. It
 is not too much to say that nowhere within
 the limits of this broad Union can be found
 a more desirable region for the making of a
 home. No laborious clearing of the land is 1 roGaired; it lies almost ready for the blow. Trees and shrubbery have So rapid growth
 Chat within eighteen months the immigrant 1 can surround his abode with attractions which would require years to mature in less favored climates. Fruits ripan and are ready for market full month before the California products. The bright sunshine
 makes life luxury, and the pure dry atmos- uharo brings health to all wb5 mhaIe it. For the establishments of coloajos, such as are made in southern California, Arizona p-e- seuts uurivalcd opportunities. Thousands of acres uo@ rroft!oss can be made produc- tiveby the construction of ilri4at,uaditchcs.
 and there is no investment which assures
 larger or more permanent returns,
 The statement in this article on Yuma county are not exaggerated; in fact they fall
 short of doing justice in this wonderful bit
 oicomtry. PinoaPples, dates, almonds and
 waluuts will dc well Strawberries. rasD-
 berries, bIackberries, entrants, gooseborries, and all varieties of small fruits can be sue cessfuIly cultivated. Indeed, Yuma County is not only the natural home of the citrus and scmitropical fruits, as almost every fruit, nut, plant, grain, grass, or vegetable which ca2 be produced in either tropic of temperate zones will thrive in the rich and fertile soils.
 With the bright prospects ahead of the town of YEma and Yuma County there can be no better investment for capital seeking large and renumerative returns than is af- forded here. With matchless climate, where all forms of disease known to the damp and rigorous regions of the east and north are unknown, where the bright sun- shine kisses into bloom and fragrance every form of vegetation, and where the clear days and cool and balmy nights are one long-con- tinued poem of happiness and delight, we can offer to capitalists an ideal field for in vestment and to home seekers veritablc l paradise in which to settle
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02

Showers, and indeed heavy rams are liable to occur in every month of the year; but the actual number of rains seems to an eastern visitor strangely small. The average rainfall in southern Arizona, as shown by She Government observations, is but SII2 inches per year.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02
E2ess 2 I@ 0 SB OF
 Y yLsLA G7G9gyEg F The Soil, Climate, Rivers, and H1any
 and Varied Offerings Of FAIR ARIzONA'S BANNER COUNTY.
FAIR ARIzONA'S BANNER COUNT

Brief Statement of Facts Setting Many Advantages Inducements offered County as a Place of Residence.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02

extinct oceans. The great Colorado desert vas once an inland sea, cut off centuries and perhaps ages ago from the main ocean, leav-
 ing its waters to ovaporate in this intense heat Throughout all the country border ing the desert, including this section, iich mines are being constantly discovered, and some of recent location are already produc- ing immense profits. In the nejghboIhood of Yuma, claims exceedingly rich on the surface are daily being located, and all signs portend great mining boom for this county which will eliminate as early as the coming fall in aA inroad of much capital Experts are arriving every week and mines are being bonded at more than heavy prices. It seems wonderful to believe that all this min eral wealth has been lying at our very doors for so many years without a taker, but the tendency of prospectors is to go long dis tance off into strange lands rather than to seek for mines in county as old as Yuma County and so accessible. The greater the distance, the hardship, and the danger, the  greater the fascination for the prospector. Distance seems, indeed, to lend enchant- ment to the view.
 So it is that this county is almost a virgin field for the mine hunter, and now with the few hundreds searching in its mountains it's mineral secrets are still in effect secrets, for thousands upon thousands might be wander ing through the roclz-ribbed fastnesses of our mountain ranges and their presence be almost unknown, so vast is the extent of country
 Recent rich discoveries of gold deposits, particularly in lodges, have given great impetus to mining throughout the county.
 New locations are being constantly made, and all show well upon the surface. The La Fortuna mine, recently put in operation, has a 2)-stamp mill running night and day, and the production of gold averages $75, ,OOG per month. This mine is situated about 30 miles southwest of the village of Yuma.
 Rich gold discoveries have also been made in Castle Dome, Harqua Hala, Centennial, Palomas, Pot Holes, and other mining dis tricts, and, although the mining cg lcok in the county was never better, still llost ot the silver and lead mines are idle, owing to the low value of these metals.
The Arizona sentinel., 1898-07-02

of trees and shrubs which would reouira five years to develop in a colder cline
 Because fortunes here await the ron4. some' and health welcomes the afflicted
 Because the country has a brilliant future and you want to be in the swim"
 reeause n Its pure, dry inyigorating air. epidemic diseases cannot live or germiEata
 Because its people are generous liI,oro1 hospitable and progressive.
Washington sentinel., 1898-02-12
How Wasps Live.
nLl II. a-n...a

The first thing to understand
about a community Of wasps is the
way It originates. The story is a
strange one. When the first frost
sets IN, almost all the wasps in
temperate countries like England
(they delude US into calling our
climate temperate } die off to
worker from the effects OF the
cold. The chill winds nip them.
For few days in autumn you may
often notice the last Struggling
survivors crawling feebly about,
very uncomfortable and numb
from the cold, and with their tenn
pers somewhat soured by the con-
seriousness of their own exceeding
weakness. In this irritable conGi-
ton, feeling their latter end draw
nigh, they are given to use their
stings with waspish virulence on
the smallest provocation; they
move about halfdazed on the
damp ground, or lie torpid in their
nests till death oYertakes them.
or the whole populous city which
hummed with life and business but
a few weeks earlier, no more than
two or three survivors at the out
side struggle somehow through
the winter, 10 carry on the race oi
wasps to succeeding generations.
The colder the season, the fewer
the stragglers who Live IT out; IN
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1898-01-27

until made up afterward by disin-
terested citizens. The public owes
its moral and financial support to
every officer of the law who tries
to discharge his duties. The pub
lie must rot expect too much of the
courts, or of the mmissioned Of
ficers of the law. Each citizen
has duty to perform, and
it is especially so in this Indian
country at a time when law and
good government are just begin
ming to assert themselves. While
the days of outlawry, of the Dali
ton, and Cook gang type, are
doubtless over in this country. il
should be remembered thatt Tins
been at the price of the blood OF
many brave men, who have gone
into the hills and mountain fast
nesses and hunted them down, and
killed or captured them. All
over this country are the graves of
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1898-01-27
DUTY OF THE PUBLIC.

While officers of the law are
frequently criticised for their lack
Of fidelity to duty, it is neverthe-
less a fact that sometimes the
general public is too callous with
reference to the real hardships
that are the lot of "A good officer in
the discharge of what he conceives
to be his duty under his obliga-
ton as an officer The persist
ent bounding and capture of
Brooks, who raped the little four
teen year old white girl on Big
creek, last fall, by Deputy Bud
Ledbetter, is a case in point. Mr..
Ledt Ger was assured that a de-
po-it $50 had been made in a
Coliey vile bank by the citizens of
the neighborhood where the crime
was committed, before he under
took the task of catching the per-
petrator OF one of the most brutal
crimes ever committed in this
country. Ledbetter, faithful, and
brave officer that he is, paid out
more money during his remarka-
BILE pursuit and capture of the rap
ist than he received in the way of
fees, and the bonus said to have
been deposited did not materialize
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1898-01-27

to Missouri for interment. Funeral services
were conducted by the Masonic order He
leaves a wife and child very low with the
anne disease.
Miss Effie Barker is attending schoC at
Chetopa; also studying music under Mrs. A.
B. Crosby.
Miss Lottie Elbert.of Ellsworth.A has
come to make her home with her sister.
Mrs. wincey wilkins.
Miss Emma Harlow. who has been visit
ing her sister, Mrs. OFT Davis. has returned
to her home at oolagah.
Miss Maud McGhee. of Pactolus. Ark. is
visiting her brother. John II. McGhee. of
this place.
Misses Lenora kinnison. Josie and
Goldie Barker reenjoying a vacation at
home from school
Louis Walker. son of George Walker.
started to Vinita this morning to attend
school.
Since our jurisdiction became extinct
renters here seem to think permits are ofno
use. Can some reader give us information
on this subject:
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1898-01-27

fearless men who have yielded up
their lives in trying to uphold the
law, and to drive out the desperate,
daredevil bands of highwaymen
that have in other years terrified
this Indian country. Flushed and
confident at the presence of the
courts of the United States, made
to feel courageous and strong under
the sheltering fold of the stars and
stripes that float triumphantly
from temples of justice planted all
over this country, we should not
forget that it is the duty of every
American citizen to uphold the
men who are trying to enforce the
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1898-01-27

The newspapers of the cyclone
stricken city of Fort Smith rose
grandly to the occasion and
printed splendid accounts OF the
storm. The illustrated edition of
all the papers of that city indicate
energy and enterprise in a meas
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1898-01-27

MARSHAL BENNETT is In Wash
ington opposing the adding of an
other district to the Indian Ter
ritory. Bennett, like a good many
others, is working in the interest
of single town, and incidentally
against every other town. By the
way, it is rumored that Bennett
not the only court official oppos-
ing the formation of a new district.
A "show down" will be called for
one OF these days. very soon.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1898-01-27

While this built with converting
other little appearance house is
what the Department of Justice desired
Mr. Halse Within conveniently the
which used this
sdcton has already shown Itself be small
the word situated
court will be filled Oerowng Importance at Vna
really demands for its reasonable
shmen to cost jail and all s60 There pending
Judicial District than 800
the latter being capital Vinita
court seats of the district Court
Thomas presiding John c. Anderson
na and Capt g. White the deputy marshal both
in the building