davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05
The Consumer Pays the Tax.

Tho disputes going on between certain
of our citizens, as to who shall bear the
burden of the taxes imposed by the War
Revenue act, are quite Unnecessary, and
can be very easily settled. There is no
better established principle in economics
than that, whoever pays any tax in the
first instance, it ultimately falls upon tho
consumer and is paid by him. 1t IL, there
fore, immaterial to wrangle over the ques-
ton as to where the burden falls.
For example, the retailers of beer insist
that the additional tax of 81 per barrel
imposed by the act upon beer shall not be
added to the price they pay the brewers
for the beer, but that it shall be furnished
to them at the Same price they were pay
ing before the act was passed. This is sus-
innbl only upon the assumption that
the brewers have been all along getting
81 per barrel moro than they ought to
get for the 81, 4O0, 900 barrels of beer they
brew annually. That is to say, tho ille-
climate profits Of beer brewing have
been $34THoo, 900 q year, and the payment
of this sum to the Government by the
brewers as o tax does no moro than re-
duce their gains to a reasonable amount |
Such O proposition IL manifestly absurd,
because, II it were true. competition
would long ago have sprung up for SO val
liable o prize, and beer would ave been
sold for 81 per barrel less than it actually
has been sold.
Similarly, shippers Of goods by railroads
and express companies demand that tho
stamp tax upon receipts for the goods
shipped shall be paid by the carriers and
not by them. They do not see that every
additional item Of expense imposed upon
the carrying business rendersit necessary
to increase by SO much the charge for the
service, and whether the carrier pays it
and adds it to his charges, or whether the
shipper pays it and reckons it in the cost
of his goods as he does store rent and
clerk here, it comes to the same thing.
The same principle applies tothe stamp
tax upon sales of stocks and of merchan-
disc. The tax is an additional business ex-
pense, and if the seller of the stocks or
of the goods has to pay it he will contrive
in some way to get it back. The customer
may fancy that by refusing to pay the
tax he escapes it, but he will eventually
be undeceived.
There is no use of beating about the
bush. The of beer will either
pay more for each glass of beer they con-
sumo or they will getless beer in a glass.
The purchasers of goods will pay for them
as much more as the tax makes the goods
cost, and the dealers in stocks will find
their amusement just so much the more
costly to them as the taxes make it. All
the indignation in the world cannot avert
this inevitable result, and it is more
patriotic as well as more manly to accept
it cheerfully.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05

edged themselves twice beateni or, as
we ourselves won at Buenn Vista, when
we woro outnumbered nearly We to
one. There is no doubt that, II we over
look the influence of sea power upon tho
contest, the spnninrds at Santiago, as re-
CARDS position, armament and relative
numbers, were better able to beat of at
tack than was Gen. JACKSON at New Or
leans. That they did not do so must be
ascribed to the magnificent exhibition OF
American hardihood and pluck.
In the war Of 1912 we committed the
fatal blunder of undertaking our nntago-
nists. The result was repeated humilia-
ton md disaster, from which we scarcely
began to recover Mt the II of the second
year. We are expecting no such reverses
in the present contest, but we shall be
completely guaranteed against them IL,
throughout future operations in Cuba and
Porto Rico, we realize that the conquest of
those islands is to be no holiday excur-
sion, and, accordingly, turn forthwith to
account our vast preponderance Of mate
rial resources,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05
Annexation and the Monroe Doctrine.

OhA tAo
The Arkansas Democrats took the trou-
BILE to put this declaration into their State
platform:
1--WE recognize the Monroe doctrine as q cardinal
tenet of the Democratic party and q part Of the pub
lie policy of the National Government. and favor its
strict observance"
AS nobody in this country is attacking
the Monroe doctrine, which has won an
unwilling recognition" in Europe, too,
the anxiety of the Arkansas Democrats
seems misplaced at present. Evidently
they have got into their noodles the no
ton that the Monroe doctrine forbids the
United States to acquire Hawaii and the
Philippines.
The Monroe doctrine does nothing Of tho
kind. 1t protects American interests and
American influence in this hemisphere and
warns Europe away from new purchases
or conquests in the same. 1t does not
limit or curtail or impede our right to
protect American interests anywhere in
the world.
We have interests in the Pacific. We
are bound to protect them. We shall pro-
tect them. We are not interfering in
the affairs Of other nations, Spain ex-
cepted. We are minding our own bust
ness, which, in h progress of events, has
come to include Hawaii and the Philip
pines. With our relations to those islands
the Monroe doctrine has no more to do
than with the rings of Saturn.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05
A Question Of Exchange.

We wonder whether dovernor-General
BLANco and the sagnsta Cabinet are moro
disposed to-day thai they were day be-
fore yesterday to consider the ~advisabihty
of releasing certain Americans whom they
hold as prisoners Of war.
For example, there is Mr.. HonsoN, lately
in command Of the Merrimac.
Until quite recently, it appears, In the
Judgment of Governor-General BLASoo and
the Madrid authorities. we have held ms
prisoner of war 40 spaniard equivalent
for purposes of exchange to Assistant Ma
val Constructor RICHMOND PEARSON HoBsoN
of the United States Navy.
What do they think to-dayf Would they
regard Admiral Don PAsoUALE DE CBRvERA x
ToPETB, Count of JERKz and Marquis OF
SANTA AVA, for instance, as a fair exchange
for Nj. HoBsoN7
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05

Our acquisition of the Philippines leads
Mr.. NIMMo, formerly Chief of the Bureau
of Statistics in the Treasury Department,
to point out that the proper sequel of
that step is the possession also of the
Canaries and the Balearic Islands.
His ground is that our shortest all-water
route from New York, the commercial me-
tropolis of the country, to Manila, Is
through the Suez Canal. The Canaries,
lying OFF the northern coast Of Africa, and
not far from this route, have a good coal
ing station at Las Palmas Bay, while Port
Mahon in Minorca, one of the Balearic
group, in the Mediterranean, near Spain,
and hence close to the Suez route, is a
magnificent harbor, able to accommodate
the largest of the worlds fleets.
Even when the Nicaragua Canal is COM
pleted, which can only be years hence, we
may still have the Suez Cana as an alter
native water route from New York to our
possessions in h Philippines. The two
routes are remarkably alike in length,
MIR. NIMMo putting the distance by way OF
suez ut IL ,665 nautical miles and by way
OF Nicaragua at 11,74e, which would make
the former n few score miles shorter.
Mr.. NIMMo is opposed to the Nicaragua
Canal enterprise, and there, we think, he
is wrong; but it is undoubtedly true that
ment Of distance and of ports of call on
the way, will offer us an alternative route
tTOm New York to Manila. advantageous
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05
THIS COURT HITS HIRD.
Any Man Insulting It Is Liable to BE Taken
Away in an Ambulance.

From the Cincinnati Enquirer.
KANSAS CITY. No. June 20.-William Jen-
nings. a litigant before Justice Robert VI.
Bowling of Kansas City. Kan. was beautifully
whipped this afternoon for contempt Of court
and by the trial Judge. He appeared before tho
Court and offered to file an affidavit in an at
tachment suit setting forth that he did not own
the wood in question.
How is this 2" inquired Judg" Bowling.
Did you not testify when this case Wa ug be-
fore that you did own the wood -
mo, / never said anything Of the kind. and
any man who says | did is "A liar rctortcd J"n-
nings, eXcitedly.
80 you mean to say. then. that ] am u liar
said Justice Bowling, Indignantly, rising - h'
minutes, and We will go outside and s"ttl" TINS
DO have TO fight p exclaimed Jennings. in
some confusion.
Yes. sir; you do Numbered the Judge.
" 1t Is n rule of this Court. sir" Saying this
the Judge pulled Off his alpaca coat. and N
less time than II takes TO tell il the two
mrn were out in the street and were ~ II
hammer and oonGs. In ten minutes J"n-
nings's eyes were closed. and he was 30
badly battered that h" looked like he had
been run through Il stone craShcr. Will" tho
Judge. sans hat. sans coat, sans shirt, stood
painting for breath but with tn" dignity Of his
court upheld, Judge Bowling did his man mp
As the earring" pulled IN tn. tax" Jennings
ava Judge Bowling was heard 10 say:
Any man who insults this Court will have TO
fight"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05

The Louisville Dispatch must be deeply
panied by yesterdays news from Santiago. A
few days ago it said:
The Fourth Of July, 1893. may shape the destiny
of tho nation for a long period to come and re-
suit in incalculable good or irreparablo injury TO the
whole human race, If news OF victories on sea and
land in the Orient and the Occident should come to
the American people on that great day. bombastic
and visionary orators might be able to make an I'M
preston in the excitement and enthusiasm of the
moment that would turn the tide of popular opinion
for Imperialism"
The tide has turned inevitably toward I'm
perialism" ever since the fight at Manila.
DEwEY's guns were the orators that excited the
enthusiasm OF the country. But what a plight
the opponents OF expansion put themselves in
when they seem to dread American victory lest
1t should increase American patriotisml
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05
THINGS MADE OF WOOD PULP.
The List Includes Car Wheels, Teeth, Cof-
fins, Window Panes and Silk.

A close rival of coal tar in adaptability to I'M
expected purposes is wood pulp or cellulose.
Since it was discovered that excellent paper
could be made from this substance wood pulp
has been used as q substitute. fraudulent or
otherwise. for iron. steel, wood. stone. glass.
ivory and innumerable kinds Of animal
and vegetable hbre. AS a material for
car wheels the manufacturers have found
it superior to any kind OF metal, being about
three imesa as durable MS steel and much more
elastic. When subjected to great pressure wood
pulp takes an extraordinary hardness. 1t has
been found available as a material for paving
bricks. drain thing. and conduits for electric
cables.
For ivory. which is becoming scarcer every
day. cellulose is the best substitute that has yet
been found. To-day it forms the material of
the cheaper billiard balls and has even been
used successfully for the manufacture OF arti-
fetal teeth. When properly treated wood pulp
is practically proof against heat and moisture;
hence 1t has been found superior to timber as a
material for telegraph poles and screws. COT
fins. too. are often made of wood pulp. They
are susceptible of a high polish. look as well as
the finest wood. and are much cheaper.
Cannon. too. and bicycles are made out Of
wood pulp In Germany and Chicago respec-
lively. while a Frenchman has succeeded in
producing q thread from the same substance
which he declares can be worked un into all
sorts Of fabrics. Another Frenchman has pro-
duced wood pulp carpet lining. and another
again wood pulp sail cloth, while a Vienna in
ventor declares that his wood pulp leather is
superior to animal leather in tineness and dura-
bility.
For resisting the action Of fire and water
wood pulp appears to be n success. 1t is used
to make waterproof paint for ships. ~fircproof
and waterproof paper and even stoves which
are said TO be superior to iron ones. Wood
pulp window ranes have been in use for several
years. particularly for greenhouses. and in
same material have been found a success.
Among the other articles made of wood pulp
tables. chairs, bureaus. barrels. wagons, horse
shoes. and imitation porcelain ware. The
manufacture Of silk from wood pulp is now an
The raw material is really the same as that OF
natural silk.
1t is only u. case Of doing by machines and
chemicals, what the silkwOrm does because it
cannot help it.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05
Some Pat Questions.

4 " we Ntt' . ~"
A simple question put in Parliament n few
years ago caused a laugh throughout all Eng
land. and defeated a great measure. Mr.. Cur
zon. then Under Secretary for India. WAS max
ing a long and elaborate speech against Il meas
uro urged by the opposition regarding that de-
tendency. as certain to result in Il loss to tho
Government Of many lacs OF rupees, He re-
peated with emphasis: Consider! Not pounds
nor guineas. but lacs Of rupecs!",
4 quiet, voice on the Opposition. hcn"h"s
asked: Exactly how much IL a lac Of rGpces ~
Mr.. Curzon opened his mouth. stammercd.
grew red, and then, with English candor, snid:
really don't know" The House laughed
and In that laugh he lost his cause.
A somewhat similar scene occurred many
years ago In Congress. A present of Arnbia1
SSH %sssti z so sT P@ssiiS $sn, p K5h%l. fr2% W t@s Imam mam Of
Der. with some heat. moved that the gift should
be sent back. with a letter from Congress-, in:
Of the Omitted States was no king. but the SER
want OF the people. and was not permitted 20
give or receive presents.
where Is it to be sentT Where is Muscat3"
There was no response: Apparcntly not a
nor could Muscat then DO found in any ntlas
published in the country. IT was found at last
on q German map. A civil answer was re-
Insert Muscat in the next edition Of their maps.
Nothing perfor4tGs bombqstic ~oratory like z
q labored peroration in Parliament against
France. drew a dagger and threw y on the moor
ssogm ns tSst,I made PSd In the act Wne a6sgT ID 9 9yrt saying
Equally sharp was the reply OF Pope rus ~,
when the Cardinals met and el9Gnemtly cen
lagos from earthquake and famine.
How much are you sorry. my brethrenf' ne
said, How many lire does your sympathy
The only answer possible to this question was
the relief OF the villages,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05
The Most Glorious Of Fourths.

since tho original Fourth Of July, when
JoHn HANCOCK and others set forth in man
uscr1pt the immortal principles which
have inspired successive generations OF
Americans, down to the generation which
mans sLNPsoN's feet, no day Of that date
has been quito so glorious in our history
a. wa yesterday.
Admiral CEnvERA chose well the hour Of
his sailing. The most patriotic of Amert-
can citizens could not a contributed
moro aptly to the celebration of the ma
tional holiday. He waited until the fore
noon Of tho third, so that every incident
Of the greatest naval victory OF modern
times, the enemy's attempt to escape the
brilliant engagement, the pursuit and de-
Struction or surrender of ship after ship
Of the Spanish, to the very last, and the
capture Of tho Admiral himself n almost
his entire force, could be officially reported
by SAMSON, in phrases that are already
historic, Just in time to add to the r~ejoio-
ings which attend tho ordinary obscrv-
ance of the nations birthday. No other
Fourth of July has ever been SO Illus
tr1ously celebrated, with the whole nation
participating.
0rent and glorious az sAMPsoN's achieve
ment was, it was not all. We got yester-
day news from sHArTER of a tenor some-
what different from that of his despatch
the day previous. The gallant leader of
the advance of the American armyin Cuba
was able to report on the Fourth that he
had completed the investment OF Santiago
by land. and had given the Spanish Cen
oral until noon to-day to surrender the
city. We learned likewise yesterday of
the arrival at Manila of the ships and men
sent to support DEWEY and to begin opera
lions on land in the Philippines. And the
same despatch brought the news Of the
capture of the largest island Of SPANS
Ladrone group.
What O day it wasl No child old enough
Il watch and love the banner hat over
spread this Union yesterday will ever for
get July Fourth of 1898. Sea and shore
contributed their stories Of American
heroism, and their reports of tho tri-
umphant advance of high destiny.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05
The Search for the Guamo.

Amember of the American Geographical
Society sends us this Especial cablegram"
taken from our esteemed contemporary,
the NetO York Times:
PLAYA DEL ESTE. June 8o.-The American lines
were advanced yesterday to AguAdores. a little north
of east from MORO Castle. and about four miles from
Santiago.
"The Gloucester. which before the war was ]. PIER
POINT MoRoAS'S yacht CorsaIr, steamed up Guamo
River under a heavy FIRE from machine guns TO q
point within . quarter of a mile of the old fort"
"Whsre and what is the Guamo River ?"
asks the despairing geographer. II have
studied Cuban geography with some at
t~ention, but this river, apparently navi-
gable by yachts nearly 3 feet long ahd
drawing 10 feet of water, is new to me.
Won't you please find it"
Anything to oblige. So we have found,
not without dust and heat, not exactly
the Guamo, but the Guiana River. 1t is
not 80 we'll known as the Mississippi
River, and the Times, which has lone some
exploring work with remarkable results,
might we'll take up the task of following
from mouth to source the Guiana, upon
whose broad and fertile bosom it pictures
the Corsair-Gloucester as riding. The
Guiana is seen, not too conspicuous, on
the War Departments map of Cuba, but
explorations conducted by SUN reporters
among the New York map publishers and
authorities have revealed n shocking
ignorance of that majestic stream.
At the photographic Bureau, in the Mari
time Exchange, not a oul had ever heard
of the wide-rolling Guiana. The hydrog,
raphers swore that if there was such a
n~avigable river it was not in their books
or on their charts. The photographers
piloted US to divers merchants and cap
tains in South street and William street
who go upon the sea in schOoners to the
part of Cub fortified by the deep-foun
tanned Guiana. Not a merchant and moi
a skipper had ever heard of the far-flow
ing Guiana.
Then earnest inquiry was made at thu
offices of the Ward line and the Atlas line
Baked again. No charts showed TIN
Guiana, Nobody knew about the Guiana
An ignorance almost as profound as thu
Guiana itself.
! Guiana must be found. ThS nautica
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05
able % 40 somethlnr taals tha. boo ssls-respeOt

S SSlS to e. t SS% e. sRCu fS g saSs S5S sSf-r''O'O'
AZ oplcer Of over thirty yesr9, service o;,, IN
w wSs Fst Re ft sS%s years az F Sa9. Pa ef hls W. f =;
quest" not for disability. mind you. He served
S SIl t4fiE nS Fao6 SsS 0i B6i MAR a H aSr MAD a Be- SkBS Ss IflSed
GSStselyyTI sSpp ssI9S The %aR %P6SsPsrt%sas y You'd
applied for dSty. aud has done ali a self-respect.
Ing nan could do to call attention 70 Ne fact
pndor 20. All his efforts are unavalllng and he:
about to return to his native land there to live
enough to pay him his, retired salary but NJ
generous enough to allow him to use his abni-
"1notRer TsHtrcd onncer-a. graduate of West
and recovered his health. while learning the
valuable to an officer in this war with Spain.
has made every, effort 70 be used where, this
sSp een aoh 6RI9Pw nNsHsG might Be AS St II iSISSH and SS c mas
not be employed because he Is retired. His
ability to be useful p admitted. but no eycep1-
Now, why was this. strange, rule madeI, The
reason given is that II would be bad for the re-
Officers on it able, to. do military service, Con;
Rress would likely investigate the subject and
abolish that list, for would It not be = stSSTltif ca
chen put him on dSty% THAT'S the stereotyped
The reply to this has already been given.
While an officer might apparently be perma-
nently disabled for active military duty. he
might, under his changed condition. recover SO
as to be able to do many kinds Of teohnieal
work short OF. commanding troops In the field.
II he. were to do duty at the risk Of shortening
his days, it would still be proper for the Gov
eminent to accept his services. for all soldiers
are engaged In a more or less dangerous ser
vice. Then. again, why should Congress, after
the war, punish the retired list for doing what
1t could, little though that bef Congress has
already sanctioned the use OF all retired officers
Of the navy, and all physically able are perform
Ing valuable, very valuable. service. No fears
for the retired list Of the navy are entertained.
Twice have bills authorizing a like employ
ment Of the retired officers ofthe army passed
tho Senate. but have been held up" in the
tired officers are actually serving with. regi-
ments in the field. having been appointed by
governors Of States and accepted by the War
Department.
Those appealing directly to the War Depart
ment are told that without. the sanction of a
SPECIAL law they cannot be assigned to duty
while Congressman appealed to to help pass
such q law give, the equally. uniform answer
that there would be no trouble but for the OPP
position OF the War Department. There's the
dilemma-COngress ready to pass u law allow
ing certain trained ex-onlcers Of the army to he
used for what they are worth. and the War De-
partment interposin1g with it,s, at present, pow
tbs tbs true" IL
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05

The second annual convention Of tho
National Good Citizens League will meet at
Nashville. July IL. Tho time has come In the
history Of our country" says the Secretary Of
the league in his call and general alarm. when
all good citizens should unite to rescue tho
municipality, the State. and the nation
from present evils and impending disaster
and ruin" The time has come frequently,
and it must cost all good citizens" a good deal
OF money for postage every year. THE foes
from within" continues the caller and alarmer.
are far more dangerous than the foes from
without; and. Uhils there are sonle good
men in office, every department Of our life.
whether economic. industrial. social. or reliE-
ious, has felt the blighting influences, the
evil effects Of unwise and unriGhteous
civil government. incompetency and demagog-
ism on ono hand, infdelity and corruption on
the other" Evidently the General Secretary OF
the National Good Citizens League is one Of
the some good men in. Ofice. He is almost too
good TO believe. We hope he will be able to
keep cool at Nashville July IL.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-07-05
The Hon. S. S. PoMnor of Niagara Falls

The Hon. S. S. PoMRor of Niagara Falls,
lone Of the wheelhorscs OF the Democratic
party and a candidate for Secretary OF State"
made some really beautiful remarks at q Demo-
cratic district convention the other day.
Speaking as a citizen OF q common country,
with a common destiny for Democrats or Re-
publicans," said the wheelhorse and candidate.
II must declare that the dark cloud OF flnan-
cial depression still hangs over the land as
sombre and forbidding as it was two years ago.
The era Of prosperity promised by tho election
of MCKINLEY has not yet appeared. Farmers.
merchants. and laboring men and all the pro-
ducing classes are still living from hand to
mouth. and nearly all the profits of the
producers are still absorbed by the mo-
nopolists and trusts" From another fine
passage in the same speech it appears that the
Democrats put their hands to the plough in
1896 to stay the march Of this era OF financial
depression" The Niagara Falls wheelhorse
ought to have something better than q nomi-
nation for Secretary of State. He ought to in
sist on Governor or nothing. He is a genius.