davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02
PROPOSED CHANGES
IN SCHOOL LAW,
Answers to Supertntendan Mere
dith's Circular Asking sna-
Re.ILonN for Leg Ion.

The fact thar the people ~ King county
are anxious foy the best public school svs-
tern o0saiuAble is emphasized BY the le'teCs
County School Superintendent ". J. Mere
dlth Is daily receiving IN reply TO his CIR
c,ilar asking for suggest ous from district
officers end others interested "a desirable
changes ia the present code ~ public in
strucuoa. The SUPERINTENDENT mail has
aeon increased tenfold by communicative
81 wis subject.
An examination T TIE letters shows
sAAt 81 King county A. ieast, cnly minor
changes IN the Jaw are desired The
writer's seen 30 think the question ~ keep
tng the Sra,ta}- out of politics ana politics
Alteration f-euH tne aext legislature In
tbs connection Sc03@ propose - make tire
o47ge 81 seAoet super nteadeat ST appoint
sse one
Several ,eool suptrtuteu1eats u outside
counties are among those answering ttA.
CIRCULAR Ms A. Harris. wao Aas -
sssn reelected iu Facl0c coHrty Is one -
targ1. Size lsrsas fot re~ 0gattuU u ne
fAfe 20 - t~aT- l~F sulie 2Tu3STiy allowed
s<..t.sef .y:3deHrs Yer travsl IN visiting
-"r Isl tH-~ aos r'H.e stfs~ 1Fr@ near pay
So {He s.tua5 expense ~ rave! la hr-
st--tE SssHvsis- v-s.teat :. IL Mch .iItp. Or
t'a~~a ass. ce4rty Has similar complaint
- make
Gc sac sac hoe mileage system ahc4t~hd
teasing 10 fas rtzass fraud and coEr4p-
tatr s-e - system ~ - Ygntat Il s~cgu
tEsNvi.HS xfts#- ~s-- 81 c~-s s4ts3. lie SAYS
l6&- -~t <ar ,aa Fast -hts s1,ve of taa
~ R ~Fty 80" - easily visit
- ca teo' cF cycis as himself wuul3 a
uraaae - S.aS a,s tsaNtt o&t - the n-.ly
a&e alla~s
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02
GOV. TANNER IS INDICTED.
GRAND JURY CHARGES HIM WITH
MALFEAsAyCE IN OFFICE
the virden Riots the Cause-some
of the Participants In the TrOu-
bles 1T virden Also Indicted.
ST. LOUIS. Dec LA special to the Re

ST. LOUIS. Dec LA special to the Re-
public from Carlinyi!le, H.. says:
The v!rden riot grand jury made its Anal
report TO Judge r. E. Shirley a. $50 this
evening. Judge Shirley came down from
Springfield where he was holding court,
and held a short half hour session to re-
ceive this report.
The grand jury dealt pertinently with the
affair, as far as IL was able 10 ascertain,
and returned true bills against the prin-
cipai participants IN the tragedy OF Octo-
Der Is a; yirden. Ten indictments, snvo.v-
ing fifty-four persons, were returned.
Against John r. Tanner. governor Of Il.i-
nois there are three counts for palpable
omission of duty and malfeasance In Of
fee. Fred W. Lukins, general manager
Of the Chicago-Virden Coal Company. Is
charged with manslaughter on two counts
With Luksns. his deputies, Frank Wilder.
]. Z. Slckies and j. II. Smith, are indic.-
ed for the killing Of Joseph GittereIe. .
Mount Olive miner.
Sixteen Thiel guards are held for riot.
In the indictments against Gov Tanner
the complaining witnesses are John Ora
ham. VIII Mitchell. William Wilson. Clar-
ence Ross and Charles Stewart, employees
Of the Chica go-Virden Coal Company They
testified that they were intimidated and
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02

that the proceedings Of the convention
were prepared and published as soon as
practicable Al the expense or the Seattle
delegation. Mr. Comstock assured Mr..
Parry thai Spokane would insist on paying
her share.
On motion Of Mr.. Rockwell. the thanks
OF the convention were voted 70 the ell
Client secretary. Daniel c. Kennedy, who
hushed with proper appreciation Of the
compliment and responded fttingly. on
motion 81 Mr. Comslock another vote Of
thanks was conferred on Chairman Rine-
hart.
ON motion Of Mr.. Rockwell the conven-
ton adjourned sine die.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02
No TfDINGS OF ANDREE.
Expedttion That Went to search for
Him Has Returned.

LONDON. Dec. a sfseria! dlsna;cl
from Yen.slesk. on he river Ye-ieslk East
ERR Siberia reports the arrival % ex-
petition that had gone In search Of Herr
Andree. re asrousut. who assembled n July
last year from SpitZbergen with the tnten-
tiog ~ crossing the poar region in search
~ .}le north pole.
The. expedition Was wrecked wasle cross
ing from the delta % the river Lena 20 the
river nfenek which fow TITO the Arctic
ocean southwest o. Bennett ara Ipe Long
islands but managed 10 reach an uFiin-
hatsstssi island about ID miles from Fae
mouth OF the 0ie0ek There the party was
icahound fer seventeen DAYS before IL was
saccnleG
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02
Lease of Gftsouite Lands.

WASHINGTON. Dec. 1-Secretsry Bliss
today signed a LEASE with the Raven Mn
ing Company. giving the latter "A lease
hold right To a large quantity of G5!sonite
lands in The Iiutah tie Indian reservation
in Utah. The company tx allowed 10 pros
pect over a very large territory. cosnii rsI,,-
perhaps $3.50 acres
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02
BETTER GOVERNMENT
IN MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS.
tonspre sensfVe PAPER at the Cen
erat Conference Read by Hor-
ace y. Demfpx

INDIANAPOLIS. Dec. The forenoon
session - tAe conference for eccs; city
government was devoted . 4 c0nsiaera-
tian e the general problem ~ municipal
geeefnment. Horace ( D~sal1s - New
York. READ a paper entitled Municipal
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02

tfOCGHToN Mich. Dec. The Oliver
Mining Company TODAY gave its SEQ en-
piov@s AZ fronwo0i and Bssssrner q 20 per
cert. advance in wages Similar advances
at other mines are expected January /
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02

81 r.Eaisss glasses make o.,aGsifstl
Christmas et.t. az guaranteed Ai4@s VIII
xsaSAl ~ Cherry
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02

prevented from performing their legitimate
employ ment by an armed body of men.
numbering 1000. who unla wfully and felo-
n.ously were assembled in Virden: tina;
the governor had been notified by the
sheriff Of Macoupin county that no pro-
lection was TO be had from the county. and
was earnestly importuned for state assist
ance
Judge Shirley fixed Gov. Tanners bond
at $5eo
A. J. Roberts the foreman OF the grand
jury. who was also foreman OF the cor
oner's Jury. Is Nlrden police magistrate.
He was strongly opposed 10 indiciing Gov.
Tanner.
In each OF the Indictments against Gov.
Tanner the omission of duty was identical;
failure and refusal 10 respond TO the cali
OF Sheriff Davenport, Of this county. for
military aid IN snQpressng the riotOus
demonstrations of Nirdeu coal miners,
TIE indictments were IN brief as follows:
'First--Failure and refusal u send troops
10 ala the sheriff III checking the actions 81
a Thousand or IN r. III n who were prevent
ing certain persons from entering on Their
duties in the service of the Chicag NirIien
Goa, Mining company.
"Second--Failure and refusal 10 send
troops on the cali ~ the sheriff 10 prevent
TIE same men frC N doing bed ly violence TO
the same wcUii-ae enp.oyes
Tn r3-Fsilure ard refusal % send
troops - ala the sheriff IN preventing the
same rioters from conspirtng and combin-
ing 10 do injury 70 the wouil i-be employees"
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02

II you wish tn bring any of your friends
grofr. the k.as; or from Europe We car ar
range fer you Gail a, ne Northern Pa
ci:lc ot..cs foE particulars.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02

Eer k@f3cc.s rsTn1si university buildings
a. Lincoln. Mem atFc 441nsset uY are
yesterday - lie exss0k - S-es.e.".
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02

SPRINGFIELD Dec. When Gov.
Tanner was informed this evening az III
aciion ~ the grand jury at Carinv!le. he
received the news with Indifference and
manifested - interest Ia the particulars.
He waS asked for an expression In regard
80 10 matter. hu; declined 10 talk about
x. Simply saying that ne dld rot consider
& worth wS.}e 30 discuss the sut4Sct
Attorney General Atsin was asked to give
nis opinion = ca0!inE the legal eTe-t 81 ire
acton. 20 view u the Supposed Eat that
ths ehief executive cann3t he proceed 4
sr2ins; IL that way. and cannot be prose-
clstet open tne Indictment returned, but ae
,iec&Hel 90 say anS hing abo4t ne matter
furtE~r than thzy hc aad not previously
heard - ne action taken by the gra~d fury
ana was ret aware that ssIce action pas
contemplated.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02

Mr. Psjsrhard ~ Tacoma proposed he
following resolution. which VAS unanimous
" carri.d
Resolved. That it Is tne seusr ~ this
convention that ghe present e.erttou law
should he 81 amended a. I'd i'fe hth.l any
dtsftrRuishtfs marks ~. ~ p.atst mrau
hailots. ana declaring void any BALLOT con
talnsng ANY Jisii0Gu .shiuS mark
Mayer Nlek~us. oa behalf % the Tacoma
delegation. prop< sC3 vote = ,aauAs %
tire Seattle delegates fos tAe.r courteous
treatment ~ thr Visitors anG sgoka for
several pairu'ns be r htppy %ein liz ss4a
thai fer atr@e3s H had never t.en dues
tion - hew 81 get dinner or luaeneaa hut
where. that re- haa lsea oEfr syh.,neB yvs.h
hospitality. hut sas after su managed ho
thought. - uas&e happy choices
Mr.. Consstosk. On behalf - .ae Se1As- re
delegation. rose - rspravr MAYOR <trA~us
fcr .aklnr ire uns9otsru words fram he
meath - tHe Chairman 80 ,aa Hur. azrazs
delegation. TIE ihsH spoke ln ,se sa..+
strain As had AaYcr Nfrke5.> aua vNtol,f5
to she sAles tse kts.fu~ss shewn atS .se}e-
cation es Seattle Aasts- = sns 80 she .e--
cered snte;ta 'nuents ~ sWfY remark 81
had extende,i flat only weil ,uto tae Might
eu} Wen lnFo tae rcFn.rg also.
tNsV Eangc,F .teF }-arrV rre-ttt e- tena}f
80 ere S%sstAv Hetghe"s ~ tAe Sauyeaffsss.
lie &solosiss3 i's wat sniSht Haxe ar-
rrarec - hs = neglect a- TIE past of ere
Seattle ss.eSstson 6. the proper SEAL
ceastesses ga tire wav - sfE5nsss fanket.fS
trl2s. sc. he wishes - assure tae visit.
ors sAat .A> neg'ect A@i beer bur apra~sg;
s.3 ',*f the e2nrtesdes were emitted e.
hecaase % the limited tlnas az ,h, sis
p"ssl Of isoa-e as;vndias tie csaVeg.,t ss,
especially ifena TIE Stae. o4t.eS- Sic laea-
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-12-02

TONED the recent Eastern trip OF the Seat
tie ofsseiais. ard remarked tina. at no place
had trey BEEN more royalty entertained
than al Spokane.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-05-05
GREAI KENTUCKY DERBY
PIaudit Beats Lieber Karl Because
He is Better Horse.

Louisville, KY, May 4-Lieber Karl
met his master today. He lowered his
colors to a grander. a better, horse, for
Plaudit, like the aristocrat of the turf
that he is, won the classic event by no
bly, responding to call for speed, in a
race that will long be remembered by the
Is, 600 people who saw it. Derby day
dawned dark and gloomy and by 10
o'clock the rain came, and continued at
intervals until 2 o'clock. The sandy soil
Of the track absorbed it, however, and
the going was not over a second and
half slow when the bell sounded.
Plaudit, Leber Karl. Han Dor and Isa-
hey came from the paddock in the order
named and the appearance of each was
the signal for applause. They were sent
away in the first break with Lieber Karl
in front. Isabey second Plaudit third,
and Han Dor last. Burns went out to
make the pace and he had command by
half a length as they raced down to the
stand, with Han Dor second, Isabey
third and Plaudit last, with two lengths
covering the bunch. These positions
were maintained as they went around
the lower turn, and when they were
Strengthened out in the back stretch
Lieber Karl was a length and a half in
front. while Smms had brought Plaudit
up to second. Down the home stretch
they went and as the horses passed for
the final time Simms went to work on
Plaudit, and no thoroughbred ever re-
sponded better. Each stride enabled him
to cut down the distance, and when they
faced the wire in the stretch Lieber Karl
had but half a length the advantage.
With Plaudit still lessening the distance
They were on even terms at the eighth
pole and then amid the lusty shouts Of
the thousands that packed the stands
the son of Himyar Numbered down the
track and to the wire the winner Of the
twenty-fourth Kentucky Derby. Iieber
Karl was not neglected and he finished
second because he had met his superior
Isabey was third, a half length away.
and Han Dor last by two lengths. sum
mary:
Kentucky Derby. mile and a quarter
S-year-olds, stake $500. Plaudit Csimmsl
to /, won; 1eber Karl, l22 IT. Burns)
to 5. second; Isabey. III Knapp. 20 to
/. third; Han Dor. III (Conley). Is to !.
fourth Time :25l&. :50l9. II7, 1881. 2:os.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-05-05
SPY AT CRAMPS NAVY YARD

Philadelphia, May 4.-The report that &
supposed Spanish spy had been captured
aboard the auxiliary cruiser st. Paul at
Cramps yard last night was confirmed
today Who the man is Captain Sigsbee
refused to state. and all that Is known
Of him is that his father is a Spaniard
and that he was born on Cuban soil Ths
suspect enlisted some DAYS ago as an
oiler and almost from the time Of his
enlistment was under suspicion on ac-
count Of his peculiar actions.
Late last night a marine who was on
watch below decks near the powder
magazine discovered the man acting in a
suspicious way around the magazine. The
marine lost no time in bringing the man
TO ground and a short and severe fight
followed. The guard overpowered him but
not before the suspect had received
great cash on the right side OF his face
lie was taken before Captain SIgsbee
for examination and the captain commit
ted him 70 the brig for the night A
thorough examination is being made.
The ST. Paul IS expected % leave
Cramps tomorrow morning. On her way
ID sea she VIII stop at either League
Island navy yard Of Fort Miflia 10 TAX
or her ammunition. Her crew Is practs-
caiiy complete
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-05-05
is FARRAGUT,S PEER

London, May 4-Vice Admiral PhiIiP
Howard Colomb, retired, the inventor OF
improved systems for signalling at sea
and the author OF a number of naval
works. in an interview on the subject OF
the splendid victory of the United States
feet at Manila is quoted as saying;
~ doubt if there ever was such an ex-
traordinary Illustration Of the influence
of sea power a superior feet has attack
ed and beaten a Spanish fleet supported
by batteries. and, it now appears, 1t pass
ed those batteries and has taken up an
unassailable position off Manila. The bold
ness of the American commander is be-
ycnd question. Henceforth he must be
placed in the Valhalla of great naval
commanders. Nothing can detract from
the dash and vigor of the American eX-
plot or dim the glory which Dewey has
shed upon the American navy. 1t may be
bad for the world. for assuredly the
American navy will never accept subor-
dinate place after this exhibition of what
it can do"
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-05-05
COMING LOCAL EVENrS

The Welles Circle of Kings Daughters
Will meet at its rooms in the city build
ing at Alb today.
The Oratorio society will meet next
Friday evening at 7:36 sharp for work on
Hutchinson music, Jessie L. Clark
All the members of the surpliced choir
of St Johns church are requested to be
present at the church this evening at s
o'clock.
The entertainment to have been given
church next Friday evening is postponed
one week.
The Cooking club will meet this after
noon with Mrs. Coer Sim, North EN-
poria avenue, near Tenth street. Mrs.
3. II. Campbell. president.
The Silver Cross Circle of Kings
Daughters will hold their regular meet
ing Thursday afternoon at 2:30 with Mrs.
Testard, 1902 North Topeka
Astraea will meet at the home of Miss
Andrews, 423 South Lawrence avenue.
Thursday afternoon at 4 o'clock. Every
member is requested to be present as the
semi-annual election of officers will be
held.
Special meeting of U. c. T. Council. No.
49, viii be held in the parlors of the Man
haitian hotel on Saturday evening. May
at 1880 o'clock. All members are re-
quested TO be present. W. H. Cooke, Sec
rotary
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-05-05
NEWS FROM KIOWA
Does Nothing But Rain and Keep
Raining.

The mail train on the Santa Fe was
about four hours late Sunday caused by
a washout near Mayfield. This was a
sas City papers for their war news. The
Eagle was the first paper to reach US
Monday with the Spanish account of the
battle at Manila, later in the day we
heard our side Of the battle and every
body was very jubilant and at night
celebrated with drum and fife.
The late rains have caused Medicine
river to have some two feet of water in
it, making it possible for Spain's feet to
sail up the river and shell the town, con-
practiced for about two hours Monday
night Their field pieces consist of two
anvils, but they make noise enough to
repel any invasion of the Spaniards.
Alva's quota Of soldiers passed through
here Monday on their way to Guthrie.
The number was not very large, but still
there were two more than has gone from
Kiowa at this writing, but as Kiowa is
near Medicine river you will please excuse
us as we must all join the home guards
and protect our own homes.
W. E. Cook returned home yesterday
from short visit to st. Louis.
]. w. Metz left Sunday on business
trip to Kansas City.
Rain began falling hero Saturday eve
ming and it did nothing but rain until
Sunday evening, being the heaviest rain
fall for this country for several years.
Tuesday a hard rain commenced about
Z a. m. and is still falling at noon.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-05-05

Send your address to H. z. Buckien &
Co., Chicago, and get free sample box
of DR.. Kings New Life Pills. A trial
will convince you of their merits. These
pills are easy in action and are particu-
larly effective in the cure of Constipation
and Sick Headache. For Malaria and
Liver troubles they have been proved
Invaluable. They are guaranteed to be
perfectly free from every deleterious sub
stance and to be purely vegetable. They
do not weaken by their action, but by
giving tone to the stomach and bowels
greatly invigorate the system. Regular
size 25c. per box. Sold by G. Gehring,
Drugpisf
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-05-05
DEWEY DAY IN NEW YORK

New York, May 4.-This was Dewey day
and Charter day. The municipal celebra-
ton of the formation of Greater New
York was overshadowed by the events or
worldwide import during the past few
weekes, eliminating in the victory won by
Commodore George Dewey over the Span
Ssh feet in the harbor of Manila.
The city was Respondent with the stars
and stripes and the lone star of Cuba.
There was a general approval of the act
OF the municipal legislature yesterday in
setting this day apart in celebration Of
the victory of Commodore Dewey, as well
as in commemoration of thte adoption
of the charter that welded three cities
into one. 1t was state holiday by legis-
lative enactment. The public buildings
were closed, as were all the exchanges
and many of the state banks The public
schools were also closed and f;om the
roof of each school house hoated the
stars and stripes.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-05-05
REJOICING In MEXICO

City of Mexico, May 4.-There has been
great excitement here over the Ameri-
can naval victory and it's moral erect
will be great. for the Spanish local papers
and other Journals under the Spanish in
fuences have confidently anticipated tri-
umph for Spain in the first encounter on
the ocean. Resident Europeans VINO nave
been predicting the defeat of the Ameri-
cans are cha grined- There Is intense COM
mercial jealousy Of Americans and TINS
hostile sentiment is displayed in the pa
pers here. The Spaniards are predicting
an unexpected blow by their cruisers at
some point on the Atlantic coast.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-05-05
WHILE PAPER VIII GO LIP

New York. May 4-The Tribune says:
UNLESS the war is brought 10 a quick
termination or Spain removes the en-
barge that she has placed on sulphur as
contraband OF war, the manufacturers
in this country will probably be soon
obliged 70 considerably raise the price
Of the cheaper kinds OF paper. Brim-
stone is used in large quantities in the
manufacture OF the paper used for news
papers and magazines, and a rise in the
price OF sulphur would have the effect OK
raising the cost OF production OF news
papers to Z very appreciabIe extent
The amount OF birthstone in this coun-
TRIP at present is extremely small. and
there seems at present no indication that
the stock can be increased
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-05-05
ASSOCIATED PRESS BOATS

New York, May 4.-The fast dispatch
boat Kate Spencer, which left Jackson
Vile on Monday night to go into the
service of the Associated Press. arrived
at Key West this morning. The Spencer
will operate in conjunction with the fam
Gus dispatch boat Dauntless. which has
been operating in Cuban waters for some
weeks, in carrying news 70 the Associat-
ed Press from the blockading fleet to the
cable station at Key West for filing
The widening scope of operations in the
West Indian waters made necessary the
chartering of third dispatch boat for
the Associated Press, and the fast ocean
yacht Wanda has been secured for this
purpose and sailed from here today. hav-
ing on board as correspondents A. w.
Lyman and Allied Cecil Goudie. The
Wanda is recognized in her class, with
one exception, as the fastest ocean yacht
in these waters. On board the Kate
Spencer are Seward n. Thompson and j
w. Mitchell. the we'll known correspond
ents fom the Washington office of the
Associated Press. On the Dauntless are
]. B. Nelson and Oscar Watson, of the
New York Office At Key West are Al
bert E. Hunt Of Philadelphia and Byron
r. Newton OF Buffalo. On the fafgship
Brooklyn is George E. Graham of Al
bany. With the troops at Tampa is A. W.
Copp of the Chicago office
In addition to these correspondents,
each in his way among the best known
writers on the Associated Press force,
staff correspondents are at other import
ant points Of cable communication in
the West Indies, as follows: Elmer E
Roberts, at Kingston. Jamaica: Harold
Marian. at st. Thomas. Danish West
Indies; r. B. Davenport. at Port Au
Prince, Hayti; F. J. Hilgert. at Havana
The Associated Press has personal rep
resentatives with the feet at Manila, at
Cape Verde Islands. Hong Kong, Rio de
Janeiro. Buenos Ayres. Madrid and on
the French frontier. in addition to which
it has the exclusive use of the new ia
cilities of the Reuter-, Havas and Wolff
services throughout Europe and Asia