davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Zgoda = Unity. [volume] (Milwaukee, Wis.) 1881-1901, 1898-01-13

liwosci W piracy.
Ale ME ma tenn tylko ko1.
czyla sic dzialalnosc tel dziel.
mel patryjotki. Mieszkanie iej
bylo jakby wielks fabryka i
magazynem bielizny i innych
potrzeb Ola powsta6c6w, CO
pare dni odchodzily fury z tenn
wszystkiem ma pole WALK.
Taxa oaywiona i ruchliwa
praca poetki ME mogla osta.
tecznie ujsc Okla policji mos.
kiewskiej; poceto ia tee bacz
ME sledsic i wreszcie wydano
rozkaz przyaresztowania jej.
Ale Rad Narodowy Polski,
majac doskonale urzadzona
wlasna policje, dowiedzial sic
o zamiarach moskiewskich W
lynn wzglsdzie i polecil Sewe.
rynie Pruszakowej, ably wye
chala z Warszawy i Kr6lestwa.
2 zalem opuscila W listopa
die 1868 r. Warszawe i 70
dzinna ziemie mazowiecka, ME
przypuszczajac, se jus do niej
wiecej ME wr6ci. Podazy}a
przez Niemcy i S~zwajcarje do
Paryza, gdzie przebywalo bar.
do wielu emigrant6w pola.
k6w, przybylych tn pc upad.
ku powstania W r. 1881.
posr6d innych zwr6cil
wtedy uwsge ma siebie W Pa.
ryau prof. Franciszek Duchi6.
ski z Kijowa, ~gl6wnego miasta
ma Ukraine, kt6ry ma podsta.
vie bada6 n~aukowych PREY
szed} do przekonania, re mos
kale ME nalezs do Slowian,
choc m6wia jezykiem slowia1.
skim, ale naleza do rasy mon.
golskiej, tatarsko-f6skiej PREY
byiej re srodkowej Ali. Ot6z,
aaeby o tenn caly og6f zaznajo
mic i przekonac, og}osil zaslu.
zony historyk i badacz wykla.
dy o tenn ola rodak6w, "a
mieszkalych W Paryau. w wy.
kladach tych dowodzil bardzo
jasno i gruntownie ma podsta-
vie scislych bada6 nauko.
wych, re miedzy polakami a
moskalami nigdy ME moae
przyjsc do zgody i scislego pc.
laczenia sic. Moskale, jake pc.
tomkowie dawnych dzikich
mongolskich tatar6w, majs gu
pe}nie odrebna nature, odreb
na cywilizacje czyli oswiate,
odrebne obyczaie, jednem slo.
wen tax bardzo r6znia sic cd
wszystkich innych ludlow $40.
wia6skich, jak mp. polak6w,
rusin6w, czech6w, serbow, ze o
scis}em i zgodnem polaczeniu
sic z mimi mowy bye ME moae.
Ma tie wyk}ady uczeszczala
tez bardzo pilnie Seweryna
Pruszakowa, a s}owa wielkiego
profesora trafialy jej gleboko
do serca i przemawiafy do pre-,
konania.
Pod wrazeniem tych wykla-
dow Seweryna napisala wiersz
p. t.: DO profesora Duchi6.
skiego, Kijowianina'', z kt6re-
go kilka zwrotek przytaczamy:
pWiara ] miiosc potetns to dzwig-
pie;
Lecs do zspssow olbrzymioh oIya
stsrozaf
Zwstlsje wiara ! miiosc ossygnie.
Jezeli wiedza ME beduie i'm tarozs".
.Twoja nsuka, o posiew to sloty,
Ma swojska mute sisny " imie Be re;
Zgoda = Unity. [volume] (Milwaukee, Wis.) 1881-1901, 1898-01-13
Seweryna Duchihska

rJsk Giowaoki pr.ed stu laty
Rsuoim sie M dsiala -
sskwitnie kraj bogsty,
Bedsis Polska oalai
1 ro.nioss wissc booiany
Pc szerokim s~wieoie:
..Matko Polskol swe kajdany
Roskrussyiy kmieoisl""
! Serersna Duchisska.
Gdy matki zabraknie, ciez-
ka czestokroG dola rozpoczyna
sic ola dzieci, niejednokrotnie
musza opuszczac rodzinna Ia.
erode i isc do obcych, szukat
przytulku i piracy. TAX sic
stale i z mani polakami, kiedy
drapiezni wrogowie, ME pc.
wiem zabili, DO tego przenigdy
dokazac ME zdolajs, ale zaku.
ia W kajdany ubezw}adnili
IOjczyzne naszs i zamkneli do
wiezienia, otoczonego potr6j
nym murem. Cd czasu rozbio.
ru Polski az do obecnej niemal
chwili mn6stwo rodak6w must
porzucac ojczyste zagony i ist
ma ciezka tulaczke do obcej
ziemi, DO tn zawis}a mad mimi
twarda rska wroga "a to, ze
ME wyrzekli sic WARY W lep,
SEA przyszlosc narodu i praco.
wall mad zerwaniem kajdan
niewoli. Szczeg6lniej pc upad
ku powsta6 narodowych W r
1881 1868 dziesiatki tysiscy
obrohc6w Polski musia}o isc
ma wygnanie czyli emigrowac,
DO tn czekala ich reki najez.
dnik6w szubienica, lodowaty
ISybir lub wiezienne kazamaty.
Ma elnigracji daleko cd
mas, W stolicy Francji,
Paryzu, przebywa tee jed.
ma z najzacniejszych i najczci.
godniejszych c6rek naszej ME
szczssliwej Ojczyzny, sedziwa
poetka, Seweryna Duchi6ska.
Wlasnie W zeszlym miesiacu
dobieglo so lat, jail. ia pre-.
zacna Polka ujela za' pi6ro,
ably p~ismami.swemi .szerzyc 60.
raca mifosc Ojczyzny i budzic
wiare i-nadzieje, re ,,Jeszcze
Polska ME zgineiaT"
Ale nietylko "a dzialalnosc
literacka otrzymuje dis nasza
piesniarka adresy z tysiacami
podpis6w cd rodak6w z War.
szawy, POznania, Krakowa,
Lwowa i innych stron Polski
i cd towarzysz6w wygnania ma
obczyznie, czci W niej spo.
}eczehstwo polskie take to
ogromne poswiecenie sic Ola
sprawy narodowej, jakiego da-
ia .dowody W czasie walk o
wolnosc j niepodleg}ost. Jua
W powstaniu listopadowem ia.
ko kilkunastoletnia dziewczyn.
ka pomagsfa W dzialaniu, o
lie mogla, juzto skubiac szar.
pie, juzto dopomagsjac W opa-
trywaniu j pielsgnowaniu ran
nych. Wraaenia wtedy odnie-
stone utkwiiy W modem, FAC.
mem serduszku gleboko i "a
pali1y W MEM taxa wielka mi.
lose ku nieszczesliwej Ojczyz.
ME, ze ogie6 ten dotychczas ca.
Ia sila p1onie.
Daleko ciezsze ! trudniejsze
zadanie miaia do spe1nienia
ISeweryna Duchinska (wtedy
zwasa sic pc ~pierwszym mai.
zonku Pruszakowa) W czasie
powstania W r. 1868. Rad
Zgoda = Unity. [volume] (Milwaukee, Wis.) 1881-1901, 1898-01-13

rJak Giowaoki pr.sd stu laty
Rsuoim sie M d.iala -
.skwisnie kraj bogsty.
Bedsie Polsks oalai
l ro.nioss wieSc booiany
Pc sxerokim Swieoie:
..Matko Polskol swe kajdany
Roskrussyiy kmieoisi""
Zgoda = Unity. [volume] (Milwaukee, Wis.) 1881-1901, 1898-01-13


- Uniwersytet wrOcfawski Ii.
csy " p6sroo.u simowsm 1890 slu.
chacsy ! 81 siuchsozek. z licsby tel
pr.ypada ma SsIask 1160, Ksiestwo
l45, Prusy Zachodnie AZ, Wsohod.
ME ID. rsszsa ma prowincje niemiec.
kie .schodois. Teologji kstolickisj
siuchs 23S, prswa 448, msdyoyny
S45. fliologji 80. Zs Stanow zjsd.
noozonych Poanocnsj Amsryki jss,
ma uniwsrsyssoie 8 s~suobacry, 2 AT
ryki ! Jsponji 20 jednym.
Wydawcs gazety grudsisdr.
kiej pan Kulsrski zso.si wydawat
Pisemko oismieckie, raz ma tydsish,
ktore ma "a celu sbija6 fsis.e, jake
rossiswa o polsksch ,GsseIligs".
Poniewsa niemcy polskiob gssst ME
osytujs, wiec pan Kulersti. ,amierrs
DAD i'm do rsk pisemko niemisckie
ktoreby prIekonywaso lob o niesiosr.
nosOi ] niemorslnosoi kshatyssycs
nych fssssow ! .skus6w sntypolskiob
Jest to prsedsiewsiecie tasmania god
ne ! .yosymy panu K. j~sknsjlspsss.
go pod tyu wsgledem powodsenis
wsaniejsss TO ssdsnie, nis wynsjdy.
wsnie jskiobS nieistnisjsoyeh r6Hnis
Zgoda = Unity. [volume] (Milwaukee, Wis.) 1881-1901, 1898-01-13

ohiCSo, IAlJUWldulud u kIOTe'
go kilka zwrotek przytaczamy:
pWiara ] miiosc potetne to dzwig.
rie;
Lecs do zspssow olbrzymioh oIya
stsrozsP
Zwstlsje wisra ! miiosc ostygnie,
Jezeli wiedza ME beduie i'm tarozs",
.Twoja nsuks, o posiew to sloty,
Ma swojsks mute sisny " imie Be zei
Skwsr go ME spsli, ME sburza 20
sioty,
DO ,iarno prawdy .aginsc ME moae".
,Tys, Mistrzu, wiernym tel praw'
dy zwiastunsm,
Przez Twoje usts ona to wygiasss,
he pod stuletnim niewoli caiunem
lyle Ojozysns, lyle Polsks nassau"
,,Zyjel choc sepy ssrarpsiy indie
ois}o,
Choc mieoz krolewski wypsdl Z do
nj d~rieloej,
P6ki M tywot jeszose tchnienis
staio,
Ouch wdsieje STATE, DO on niesmisr.
telny".
Pc blizszem poznaniu szla-
cbetnego serca wysnanki, pc.
stanowil znakomity historyk
etnograf slowiahski (badaca
wlasciwosci i charakteru lu-
dow polaczyc sic scislejszym
wszlem z ME j juz W r. 1854
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-08-08

now so to make up the lists on the reg
listers OF the navies are the battleships.
armored, protected and auxiliary cruis-
ers. gunboats, monitors. torpedo boats
and torpedo boat destroyers. OF the last
Of which there Is none as yet in active
service in the United States navy. OF
the other types there are several which
have made good records, especially
those IN the battleship and cruiser
classes. The much talked OF and dread
ed torpedo boats have yet TO distinguish
themselves and prove their ability 10
destroy or cope with the larger vessels.
In the recent operations along the
coast OF Cuba, and more especially the
fight off Santiago. some OF the types
have been proved successful. though IL
has also been demonstrated that certain
changes and notifications viii work
great Improvement.
The high power guns I'm the forts. ow-
ing more 90 poor marksmanshiD than
anything else had no effect on the ships
OF the United states navy. but the shells
that were whiried into the Spanish Feet
told their story effectively and dcnon-
strated clearly that more than water
tight compartments are needed 10 keep
vessels from sinking and that Some ma
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-08-08

cope successfully with an enemy. Com
modore Philip Hchborn, chief naval
constructor said the bone and sinew of
the line Is the battleship. We have but
few OF this type, though we have pro-
vided for the following. which will prob
ably be when completed the most for
midable fighting machines in the world:
Kearsarge. Alabama. Kentucky. Illi-
nois. Maine, Missouri. Wisconsin and
Ohio.
The United States. although IL only a
few years ago started to construct a
navy on modern plans, Is rapidly gain
Ing in the list OF sea powers and from a
low place has gradually risen until IL
can be safely said that with the fleet at
present employed our rank Is about
third, and even without the auxiliary
feet we would hold that number in
fighting strength. Less than a genera
ton ago the navy consisted OF a num-
ber OF wooden ships. They were OF an
obsolete type, and many OF them were
going TO pieces. When we did start TO
build fleet. IL was with a determina-
tion to have the best ahoat. and, while
Il is not as large as those OF some other
countries, Ii is as effective, ship for
ship. as any in the world. Besides. the
United States has the proud distinction
OF having vessels OF a type not TO be
found I'm any OF the other navies. These
are the ram Katahdin and the dynamite
gunboats vesuvius and Buffalo. No op-
portunity has been offered to show the
fighting strength or the ram. whose
only power of defending herself or at
tacking an enemy Ia the powerful ram
on her bow. but she is looked upon as
being a most dangerous enemy and once
let loose among a feet OF vessels would
cause untold damage. While some Of
the naval experts say chat the ram is
obsolete and not capable of doing seri-
Gus harm, despite the fact that one OF
England's finest bsttleships was rams
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-08-08
THE ST PAUL AND THE TORPEDO BOAT DESTROYER TERROR

mancuvering OF those powerful engines
Of war opened the eyes OF the maritime
powers and the naval sharps. What
they mad been anxiously looking for
since the advent of steel armored ships
into the various navies had actually
happened. and that was battle between
modern fighting machines. Heretofore
these great engines OF destruction. built
mostly on theory. were looked upon as
unknown quantities, SO far as their
fghtine capabilities were concerned.
with the conclusion OF the battle OF
Santiago and the clearing away of the
smoke a lesson not only as TO the worth
and power OF the vessels. but I'm the
handling os them, the training OF men
In gunncry. the mode OF construction
and the best type cf vessel both for Of
fensive and defensive purposes, has been
learned. although at the cost OF many
lives and millions OF property. With the
results of this battle will come changes
In the construction OF naval ships. and
some OF the now familiar types will
gradually lose their places To more
siodern" vessels of greater fighting ahil-
ity. carrying more fuel and with in
creased armament and speed.
As the nations have INCREASED In CIV
u;sa1ion their modes Of warfare both on
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-08-08

both In the officers quarters and as
backing for and support to the armor
plates along the vitals of the ships. The
wood on some was subjected TO a chem
ical bath. making 1t supposedly fire.
proof Yet when the ships were called
into action fire hose was run out. and
nearly every piece OF wood that could
be removed was thrown overheard. The
fires on board the Spanish vessels were
started by the bursting charges OF the
shells coming I'm contact with and
splintering the woodwork. IL was
deemed advisable some time ago Co re-
duce this 10 the minimum. The Ger
man naval authorities stopped the use
OF wood in their vessels some time ago,
and the new ones now on the stocks
will have little or none OF It In their
make up.
OF the changes needed in the battle
ship type tho most essential are an in
crease OF horsepower. giving the yes
sells greater speed. and larger-coAl
carrying capacity to increase tho steam
ing radius at cruising speed 10 near
~ double that Of the shipg now in
use. These. with armor and armament
well distributed 10 meet any attack that
may be made. viii be largely taken into
consideration In the plans adopted for
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-08-08
The Zoypedo Boat Has W/oe1ulIy
Failed TO Demonstrate It's
Supposedly Great De-
structure P0WeI


land and sea have changed. The arch
er's bow gave way to weapon OF great
or destructive power. and from the war
ga!leys, whose only power of propulsion
was long sweeps in the hands of strong
men. came the high sterned. low proved
ships, with square sails, of the more
modern nations OF past centuries. The
old craft of the armada type were sue
ceeded by vessels with high freeboard
and OF many decks, on which were
mounted the guns. The ships stood high
out OF water and had the appearance
when all sails were set of supernatural
monsters. These in turn were succeed
ed by the wooden boxes with their loft
Ter spars and creaking yards, but not
standing out of the water so high and
carrying fewer guns. Some of this type
are still in the naval services, but are
rapidly becoming obsolete and are being
sent to the scrap heap to make room
for the powerful steel engines OF war OF
the present time.
or the different types Of vessels that
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-08-08

lish experts. the vessels with great dis
placement and large caliber rifles are
giving way TO smaller craft with
greater number of smaller guns, greater
speed and larger coal carrying capacity.
BY comparison recently made between
the larger vessels and the coming small
er ones II was claimed the latter type
would have the advantage OF discharg-
ing more pounds of metal in a given
time. would be better protected and
have the advantage OF presenting a
smaller surface 10 the enemy. Then
they would necessarily be stronger and
sitter than the larger ships and more
easily handled. while the cost OF con-
struction would be materially lessened.
and y smaller number OF officers and
men could man and fight them. The
new type battleship and armored cruis-
er. too. Il has been argued, should show
greater speed.
IL was not until early I'm the sixties
that metal was used to any extent in
the construction OF vessels. The old "tin
plates" which did service during the
civil war we're among the first metal
ships to be constructed for naval pur-
poses. Then came the battle I'm Hamp-
ton Roads which decided the fate OF the
wooden vessels. since that time ana
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-08-08
Cooking For
OMY Sailors.

One OF the busiest places on board
modern man-of-war Is the cooks galley.
Preparing three meals day for from
200 to 900 men Is big contract. No-s
where In the world is so big job done
with less fuss and more economy than
on board an American warship.
The bluejackets do their own cooking.
The captain may have his special stew
ard and the senior officers the Japanese
chef, but the men who mess forward
choose their cook from among their own
number. He may not live on the fat
of the land, but Jack wants his food
well cooked and sees to 1t that 1t is so.
The galley in the modern bat 'eship
is distinct apartment, with steel walls
An immense range of latest pattern.
supplemented by smaller stoves. IL pre-
sided over by the cooks of the different
messes aft and the ships cook. The
ships cook is arbiter OF all disputes. ana
his position is one OF considerable emol-
ument.
Most OF the cooks on American men.
of-war are landsmen, but many OF them.
earn the wages of chief petty officers.
The pay of a landsman is s16 a month,
but there are cooks for chief petty ofIi-
GERS messes in the navy who receive
from the men belonging to the messes
as much as $50 month for their serv-
ices. The messes give their cook what
ever they choose, but the lowest sum
paid on a man -of-war is SIS month.
The division of mess on board man
Of war is arranged by rule. The admiral
and captain eat by themselves in soli-
tary grandeur in their respective cabins.
each having a steward. cook and serv~
a< - O. -
wardroom Is occupied by the senior offl-
GERS. In the steerage mess are the jun-
ior officers and paymaster's clerk. The
warrant officers, boatswain. carpenter,
gunner and sailmaker have an apart
ment to themselves. The chief petty
officers have a corner Of the berth deck
for their table. The marines, firemen,
petty officers and sailors are messed In
their respective parts of the berth deck.
The cooks are called by the corporal
of the guard 30 minutes before the re-
vellle in the morning to give them time
to prepare the great pots. or rather
pals, of coffee, which are given out hot
and steaming directly after hammockB
are slowed. Coffee is made by drawing
boiling water into pals containing the
ground berry Condensed milk and sug-
ar are added to suit the taste Of the
cook himself.
At o'clock the mess is piped. and the
tables. swung from the carline beams
during the night, are lowered. A striker.
or cooks helper, arranges the benches
and sets the table. Each sailor is fur
nished with a porcelain plate, a cup Of
the same material and an iron knife.
fork and spoon. These are contributed
to the common mess, but II the sailor
shifts to another mess he takes his gear
with him.
Breakfast is placed on the table in the
iron pot or pans in which IL has been
cooked. and when the final call Is sound
ed the men lose no time in falling to.
There is little opportunity for the exer-
else OF courtesy or table etiquette. Eat
ing is a business which requires strict
attention. and conversation or reparteo
is left to the smoking hour. which fol-
lows the meal.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-08-08

, II abnormally long and many OF the
towns and cities along its shore are so
situated that it would be practically
impossible to protect them on the land
side with Notifications OF sufficient
strength, coast defense vessels have be-
come a necessity. Those that have been
used for that purpose are small craft,
not only unfit for the work. but unable
10 cope with the smaller cruisers of a
first class naval power. Many of our
coast towns and even some of our larger
cities might have been bombarded and
the war might have been brought to our
borders with telling effect had we been
engaged with n first class naval power
Fortunately. as IL is, the coast is free
from invaders.
The type OF vessel now suggested for
coast defense is Of the low freeboard
monitor type. similar in construction to
the Puritan, Terror and Monterey. Since
the war commenced none OF these craft
has had adequate opportunity TO prove
its capabilities. for. while the armor and
armament areof modern pattern. the en-
gines. the all important feature OF any
steam vessel are OF obsolete design and
incapable of performing the duties ex-
pected OF them. While the engines and
boilers are in their present condition the
place for these vessels is not at the
front. but In the drydocks or navy
yards. This In particularly so I'm the
cases of the Puritan and the Terror. for.
while all modern appliances have been
added 90 the fighting strength OF the
ships. the engines and boilers ere so
old as Co be well nigh useless. They
were built in the early seventies.
IL is contended by many naval experts
that ships OF the Puritan class are the
most powerful type for coast and har-.
Dor defenses. are capable OF doing untold
destruction and in tight places could
make two ships Of the Indiana class sue
for peace. The monitors, with THAR low
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-08-08

freeboard, have very little target space
and are so well protected that they can
fight at long or close range with equal
advantage
The torpedo boat and the torpedo boat
destroyer are as yet unknown quantities
despite the fact that theyare called "hor-
netc" and the devils own weapons"
With the exception of the heroic work
OF the Winslow, which, by the way was
not the kind OF work the vessel was
built TO do. nothing has been accom-
plished by these alleged death dealing"
little craft. Like the fighting tops of
the battleships and cruisers, they have
yet to prove their worth. and IL is possi-
bic that they will. The searchlight.
known as "the eye OF the battleship."
and the small rapid fire guns have in a
great measure been instrumental in
Keeping both torpedo boats and destroy
ers in the background. Their frail con-
struction will not permit of their at
tacking large ships In daylight. Their
work is to be done quickly and under
cover OF darkness. One we'll directed
dash, with the placing OF a torpedo
(Which since the Obery gear was fitted
to the steering apparatus has increased
its destructive powers and caused IL TO
be looked upon with anxiety by the
commanders of warships), would soon
destroy the most powerful ship and
send her officers and crew into eternity.
The searchlights, however. have lessen
ed the opportunities for these vessels
to show their prowess, and until some
better showing is made the construction
of other types of warships Is considered
the better policy. The fight between
the Spanish torpedo boat destroyers
Furor and Pluton and the converted
yacht Gloucester and that between the
auxiliary cruiser st. Paul and the de-
stroyer Terror failed to show the powers
OF the Spanish vessels. which were con-
sidered ideal representatives OF their
class.
The needs of a navy in order to be
put on first class war footing are
many. The Hispano- American war has
brought to light what these are and
what kinds Of ships are best adapted to
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-08-08
Ouv Na0al Fighters Ha0e Lear1ed Much Of The
Value Of Ceyzahu Types Of Vesseh Dm1zug
the Present Lvbleasazfsess

future vessels. To construct the ships
on the accepted plans OF naval experts
will cause considerable sacrifice of space
occupied now by officers and crew quar-
ters and storerooms. The armor and
armament OF the more modern battle
ships must be increased rather than
diminished and the works above the
water line better protected. To sacri-
fee the strength of fighting ships in
order to increase their speed has been
tried. and while the increase of speed
was successfully made the ships in 9TH
er respects proved failures.
This was so in the case Of the COM
merce destroyers Columbia and Minne-
apolis. These vessels. the first and finest
OF their kind TO be constructed for any
nation. are almost worthless as fighting
machines against heavily armored foes
and with their armament can do little
damage. In fact, many experts think
that against the auxiliary cruisers st.
Louis and st. Paul as at present equip
ped these vessels would soon be COM
PEELED to give up.
IS has been shown by one OF the Eng