The Red Cloud chief., 1898-10-07
TREATIES OF PEACE.
1T TOOK MUCH SKILL TO AR
RANGE FIRST PROTOCOL .
John Hull Hated To Let Go-war.hips
tho Bcst ~Navigs,ors with tho Uarbsry
ststes-Dcpartment Clerk Conducted

SPANS diplomatic representatives
Sill have to exercise all the craftlness
they are credited with possessing II in
the treaty Of peace they help to formu-
late they secure any practical conces-
sions beyond the terms OF the protocol
their government has assented TO. So
far as the United States Is concerned
II viii be- a ease OF II win, you lose,"
and all Spain can hope to accomplish
In the negotiations Is to hold on TO as
much rs her late antagonists gcncros-
ity will permit her to retain. Even II
the advantage were not all on the
American side history shows that your
Uncle Samuel has usually been able to
drive n pretty fair bargain when II
comes to trcaty-maklng, n~otwlthstand-
ing he is credited with being awkward
at diplomacy. But sometimes II has
been n great deal easier TO negotiate
a favorable treaty than to get the other
party TO keep It.
Excluding cur Indian relations from
consideration, the United states has
been party TO many scores of treaties
treaties Of 'amity ard friendship
making commercial and navigation
regulations. defining boundaries, pro-
viding for the extradition OF criminals
and for other purposes. But the treat
les Of most timely interest are those
which summed M the results OF the
arbltrament Of the sword In our inter
national quarrels.
When John Bull gave up rs a bad job
trying to bring the recalcitrant colonies
into line he hated nightly to let so OF
us. The revolution was practically
over with the surrender OF CORVALLIS
at Yorktown, Oct. 10, 1881, but Mr.. Bull
didn't realize for some time that he
had been properly licked. He wanted
to quit fghting-thcre was no doubt Of
it-but he didn't like to pay our price
for peace. So 1t was way IN November
OF the next year before England finally
sent Richard Oswald over to Paris to
agree TO preliminary articles for n
peace treaty. The provisional treaty
was signed Nov. 30, 1852. During the
interval there had been n great deal OF
negotiating and palavering under "un-
official cover and In other diplomatic
ways OF beating about the bueh, and the
~colonists were beginning to wonder IL
they would have to do more fighting to
make King George Owl up that WI had
earned the right TO govern ourselves.
But this doubt was set at rest by the
provisional treaty, which gave full ac-
acknowledgement Of our independence,
though the king and some Of his cab
met didn't like that concession q little
bit and 1t was no at all popular with
the English people.
It wasn't very long, as time went in
those days OF sailing vessels and stage
coaches, before an armistice was signed
which officially suspended the war,
though 1t had practically ended sixteen
months before. The document bore the
signature Of John Adams and Benja-
min Franklin for the United States and
became effective Jan. 20, 1888. Adams
and Franklin stayed In France and. to-
gether with John Jay. agreed with
Hartley, the British representative,
upon the definite peace treaty. which
was signed Sept. 8, 1883. And did John
Bull then let go? oh, no! According
TO the seventh article Of the treaty he
was to call all his soldiers home from
the United States territory at once, and
they were not to break the furniture.
to allow anything that didn't belong to
them to stick to their fingers or to walk
oT-or sail away--with any of our
slaves, whom We did not wish deprived
OF the blessings Of a free country. But
when the English troops evacuated
| New York 5000 negroes, II Is said were
taken with them or had been sent
| ahead. Eleven years later British
troops still occupied Detroit, Mackin-
aw, Fort Erie, Niagara, Oswego, Oswc-
gatchic. Point au Fer and Dutchman's
point. Can you imagine Spain occupy
ing Cuba eleven years after she agreed
to ~evacuate? Well, the United States
| OF 1894 and that OF today are two quite
different subjects to trife with. And
there is a suspicion that Spain has held
the hot end Of the poker In Cuba for go
long that she is really glad to let go.
WHEN GTeut bTltdlu D HttcutiOn WIS
politely called to these failures to OBJ
serve her agreement she replied, In
substance, that we were another; that
we ourselves had ignored one OF the ar
ticles OF the treaty which had to do
with the collection OF debts by British
subjects and the restoration of coniis-
Gated property. Mr.. Jefferson prompt
ly entered a disclaimer and some right
saucy remarks were i~nterchanged.
Meanwhile the British troops were
holding Detroit and the other frontier
posts and giving the Indians fatherly
advice as to which side they should
take II there happened to be q fight.
All the indications pointed to another
conflict and President Washington had
sounded q note Of preparation, when
the news came that John Jay had sign
ed a treaty with Lord Grenville on Nov.
10, 1894, which was TO settled all the
trouble. And so II did come very near
doing, though England didn't altogeth-
or give up trying to bulldoze us until