davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR.
Final Examination Will Begin on
August / in Law Library.

The examination for admission to
the bar of Lackawanna county will
begin on Monday, Aug. l, 1898, at the
Law Library room on the second floor
in the court house, Scranton, Penn
sylvania, and will continue the entire
week, including Saturday, Aug. 6. The
examinations will begin each morning
at $50 o'clock sharp, and continue
until p. M, allowing one hour and a
half for dinner. Following is the
schedule:
Monday, August l. The entire day is de-
voted to Blackstone's Commentaries and
Property.
Tuesday August 2.-Quasi Contracts,
S.2e to go: Levin on Trusts and Trustees,
$50 to 1890; Common Law Pleading, l0.3)
to ~ American Commonwealth Bryce).
to 4: Statutes relating to Crimes and
Criminal Procedure, 4 to 8.
Wednesday, August 3-Crimes and Grim
iral Law, $50 to 10; Ejectment, 10 TO II;
Torts, Il to II; Corporations, to g.:
Agency, 3 to 4.
Thursday, August 4-Contracts. $50 to
1880; Evidei ce, 1890 to so; Practice and
Procedure in Pennsylvania, L30 to $50;
Equity and Equity Procedure, $3.50 to $50.
Friday, August 5-Sales, $50 10 $50; Bllis
and Notes, $50 to -; Elementary Law
40 to go; Dc nestle Relations, 2.30 to 4.
Sat- rday, Aug. 6-kents Commentar-
les, $50 to 1880; Williams on Executors,
1870 to u; Coz stitutional Law Cooley,
2 to $50; Partnership Uindley), $50 to
4.3O
The examiners are f. c. Newcomb,
], NJ, Harris and James w. Oakford.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
PERSONAL.

William Bahr, of Irving avenue, is III.
Mail Carrier James McGuiness is on his
annual vacation.
DIR. T. A. Eynon of North Hyde Park
avenue, is at Lake Winola.
Miss Susan Elwood, of North Main
avenue, is at Lake st. John.
E. c. Bouray. of Hampton street, left
yesteday for Newport, r. l.
Miss Minnie Clark, OF Broadway is vis-
fting relatives in Honesdale.
Mrs. George Sanderson, of Washington
avenue, has gone TO Colorado.
A C. Nettleton and family are So
Journing at Avern by the Sea.
Conner Evans, of Clarke Bros, mas re-
turned from visit at Lansford.
Robert Peck and family, of Green
Ridge, leave today for Viola, Del.
Miss Mary Harris. of Philadelphia, is
the guest Of West Scranton friends.
Albert Zenke, sr, Albert Zenke, jr,
and John Webb are at La Grange, Pa.
Rev. Vaughn Davis and Alderman ROB-
erts have returned from South Gibson.
Professor w. d. Edwards, of North
Hyde Park avenue, is at Lake Idlewilde.
George HeeI an, has gone TO Leads
City, S. D., to remain for several months.
Fred Sheldon, Of North Sumner avenue,
has returned from a visit at Oneonta,
N. Y.
Mrs. A. r. Raub. Mr.. and Mrs. John
Raub and Miss Lizzie Raub are at Lake
Carey.
Waiter ]. Kingsley, press representative
Of the Clevland-Wilson Ministries, is in
the city.
Thomas Flitcroft, of Capouse avenue,
who has been seriously i'll, is slowly re-
covering.
Miss Eta Dunkerly, Of Meridian street,
has as her guest Miss Ella Rettau. of
Paterson, N. ],
Frank Gearins has returned from Coney
Island, where he has been during the
past few weeks.
Misses Catherine and Alice Gilmartia,
Of Providence road, are visiting friends
at Crysta' lake.
Mrs. ]. Lever and daughter, Miss Mar
garet. OF Lafayette street, are sojourning
at Atlantic City.
Mail Carrier Benjamin Jones and fam
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29

lily, Of North Main avenue, are sojourning
at Lake st. John.
Miss Name Gallagher, of Jackson
street, has returned from a visit at
Einghamton, N Y.
Miss Ada Fancher, of Sayre, Pa, is a
guest of the Misses French of North
Hyde Park avenue.
Mrs George Chase, of North Main ave.
nue., has as her guest Mrs. Charles Hoo
yer, of Binghamton.
Robert Bradley of North Sumner ave.
nue., and L. u. Morse of jackson street,
are at Lake Winola.
Mrs. John Russell, of Wilkes Barre, is
the guest of Mr.. and Mrs. John ARM
strong, of Jackson street.
Miss Name Cooper. OF North Main ave.
nue.. has returned from visit with rela-
tiVes at Binghamton, N. Y.
Mrs. Lena Craftsman, of Bethlehem.
has returned after visit with her niece,
Mrs Dr. Kolb, of Cedar avenue.
Misses Goldie GarCns, of Wyoming ave.
nue., and Hattie Joseph of the West Side,
are visiting friends at Crystal lake.
Nick Loomis, the only colored member
OF the Thirteenth regiment, and attached
to Company +. is home on short fur
Tough.
NliS' II. ., AlWOTln anu NIs' II.
Griffin and son, Dudley, are spending a
few weeks at Hartford, Susquehanna
county.
NJ. +. Cukin of Van Buren avenue, en-"
tertained James and Lawrence Burke.
and James Collins, of Carbondale, yes
terday.
Mr.. and Mrs. D. II. Morgan, of Denver.
Col, have returned home after visiting
Mr.. and Mrs. William II. Davis, of North
Main avenue.
Miss Tessie OMailey, of Bellevue, anl
John Walsh, of South Washington ave-
nue., will be married in the Church of the
Holy Cross, Bellevue, next Wednesday,
Pharmacist John j. Davies, of South
Main avenue, and II. l.. Morgan, of North
Lincoln avenue, have returned from n
fishing trip on the Susquehanna river.
They report fine catch.
Miss Rosella Williams. of Middle Gran
vile, n. Y, who has been spending the
past two months with her sister Mrs. j..
j. Roberts. of South Main avenue, re-
turns home today, accompanied by the
latter and her son, Newton Roberts, who
will visit friends and relatives for three
weeks.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
CAR SHOPS ARE CLOSED.
No More Repair Work to Be Done at
Hazleton by Lehigh Valley.

The Lehigh Valley repair shops at
Hazleton were closed down Tuesday
and the employees notified that their
services would no longer be required.
The order was a surprise, as there was
plenty of repair work on hand, and
only that afternoon a large train Of
coal cars We're backed into the siding
to be repaired.
There was some doubt at first, how
ever, as to the correctness of the ru-
NOR but Keith said: "It is true that
the repair work at the Hazleton shops
will be dispensed with and the work
done at Weatherly. There has been
so little of this kind of work done
here, and the expense and inconven-
ience of transporting supplies here to
keep the shops running has been such
that the company could not do other
wise than to close the repair shop at
this point"
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29

The engineers signal would not work
and the train ran several hundred feet
before Engineer Leiser detected some
thing wrong and brought the train to
a stop. Fifteen passengers in the car
sustained severe fright by the jump
ing of the car along the ties. The rails
were twisted and ties thrown out Of
place for a distance of over 300 feet
A wreck train was necessary to re-
place the derailed car and repair the
track. so that the train could proceed.
1t reached Scranton forty-five minutes
Iatc
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
COW CAUSES A FRIGHT.
It Derails Central Railroad of New
JERSEY Passenger Coach.

A cow struck by a Central Railroad
of New Jersey engine near Moosic
Wednesday, was killed and the body
derailed one of the passenger cars
frightened the occupants and delayed
the train forty-five minutes.
The train was No. from New York
due in Scranton at $40 o'clock and in
charge of Engineer Lesser and Con-
ductor Finicle. The COW was struck
while the train was under full head
way about a mile north of Moosic.
The carcass was thrown against the
bank and rolled back against the train
throwing the third car from the rails
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
SCRAP IRON THIEVES.
They Stole Metal from the L. L. &
S. Company.

George w. Okell. of the Lackawan-
ma Iron and Steel company, went be-
fore Alderman Howe yesterday and
gave information for the arrest of
William Mahon and William Fern, on
the charge Of larceny. The pair are
accused of stealing scrap brass from
about the works of the company.
Patrolmen Boland and Quinnan ar
rested Mahon last night on the South
Side. He was taken to the central
police station by Lieutenant Zang.
Fern was sent to the county jail yes
terday for vagrancy.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
HARDWARE STORE THIEF.
Operations Puzzling a Lackawanna
Avenue Merchant.

r. r. Bowen, hardware dealer, Is
puzzled to account for continuous
petty thieving in his store at 500 Lack
awanna avenue. During the first three
nights of this week some person or
persons have gained access to the store
and departed with knives and other
cutlery and cheap watches.
1t has not been found how access
to the store has been obtained. The
place is being closely watched in hopes
of detecting the thief.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
PAVEMENT CONTRACT
HAS BEEN AWARDED
COMMITTEE RECOMMENDS PRO-
PosAL OF M'DoNALD.

His Proposal Was the Second Low
est-The Lowest Bidders Were Not
Considered Responsible - objec-
tions Raised in Both Branches of
Councils to the Award of Con-
tracts for Fire Department Appar-
atus, but Holloway Got the Award.
Minor Business Transacted in
Each Branch.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29

At yesterday afternoons meeting of
the executive meeting Of the Soldiers
Relief association Chaplain Stahls
letter, published in The Tribune yes
terday informing the committee that
DIR. c. r. Parke, major and surgeon.
had consented to receive from the SOL
diers sums of money to be forwarded
at stated intervals, after each pay day,
to the executive committee for families
at home, was read and discussed. 1t
was decided TO adopt the plan and the
secretary was directed to notify Chap
lain Stahl and Major Parke to that
effect.
The money will be sent home in one
draft accompanied by a detailed list
of the remittances and will be paid
out by the secretary according to the
list accompanying the draft.
The secretary was directed to cor
respond with Major Keller, surgeon of
the Thirteenth, relative to the needs,
if any, of the soldiers of the Thirteenth
in the Fort Meyer or camp hospitals.
IN reporting a number of bills for
supplies on orders given by the COM
mittee and presented to benefciaries,
it was noted that Ambrose Mulley, the
North End merchant, had deducted 5
per cent. from all his bills as his con-
tribution to the fund. 1t was stated
that he would do this on all orders.
Secretary Atherton presented the fol-
lowing financial report, which was ap-
proved:
Cash on hand as per last report s IA 92
Cash received since last report .... 1i2 30
Total receipts ......................S slI 80
Orders for relief since last report. 200 20
Balance on hand ................S 7i6 90
Total subscriptions received. ........ 1862 "a
Cash received on subscriptions. LAOS 81
Unpaid Subscriptions ............S $50 co
Balance on hand NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. tit g
+ ------
Total assets .......................sl,2 ,275 81
Monthly subscriptions in addition
TO ABOVE .,.......,.......'.'.''''' % w
Monthly subscriptions from "A
Friend" if needed ................. 100 90
It was observed that the associa-
tion had been organized since May 20
During that period the amount of
money expended indicates that the ex-
ecutIve committee has enough money
on hand or subscribed to last until
Oct. l. provided the expenditures In the
future are no greater than in the past
The secretary reported that passes
had been furnished by the Delaware
and Hudson and Delaware. Lacka-
wanna and Western companies for
| use by the committees investigating
| agent.
The committee deplored the practice
of some soldiers who spend money to
come home on furloushs instead of
sending it to their families. In many
of these cases, the expense of the fur
| Tough is really met by the association
which contributes regularly to the
support of the families. 1t was also
remarked that many soldiers, whose
| families are being helped by the as
sociation, fail to send any of their pay
home. In several such cases the secre'
tary has written the captains of the
soldiers. 1t is expected the plan fol
sending renlittances home through
Major Parke will in a measure remove
this cause for complaint.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
Have Baggage Checked Direct.

The Union Transfer company, inc,
will check all baggage from house di-
rect to Atlantic City on Central Rail-
road of New Jerseys five dollar ex-
cursion Monday morning. Telephones,
525 and 2712. ~
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29

AN ENEMY to health is impure
blood, as it leads to serious diseases
and great suffering. Hoods Sarsapa-
rilla meets and conquers this enemy
and averts the danger.
HOODS PILLS are the only pills to
take with Hoods Sarsaparilla. Cure
all liver ills.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29

lotal ..'.............,.,....,.' 10
The Mems guild desire to thank most
heartily Mr.. NJ. j. Kelly for cakes; Fred
Bonno for oatmeal; w. II. Jackson for
canned goods; r. G. Brooks for ham,
mocks: also the Truth, Republican, Trib-
une and Times newspapers for favors.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
SOLDIERS PAY IS
TO BE SENT HOME
RELIEF COMMITTEE HAS ADoP-
TED A NEW PLAN.

Money Paid by the Men to DR.. Parke
Major and Surgeon, Will Be Sent
in One Draft to the Secretary Oh
the Executive Committee for De-
livery to the Families-Associati
Has $1,000 Available in Cash and
Subscriptions.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
PIANOS and ORGANS

One Fine Square Piano, newly
finished case, new strings, perfect
condition, 10000.
Que High Case, 6-Octave Organ,
in splendid condition. good as
new, $4,000.
One Low Case Organ, perfect
order, $4,000.
Organs and Pianos at $40 down,
S. per month.
A Fine Stewart Banjo at half its
value.
All Regular Sheet Music half
price.
5000 Copies Choice Music at 10
cents per copy.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29

You make no mistake when you call
for Pocono SIS. ~
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
FIVE DOLLARS FOR !.
WRITING A letter a.

---l
In order to introduce
my new line of Kimball
Pianos and organs I will
pay FIVE DOLLARS to
any one who will send
me the name of any par
ty who will buy a piano
or organ of me. i :.
This will be paid when
first payment is made on
the instrument and to
the first one who sends
me the name. If you
know of a neighbor who
talks of getting one send
the name in.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29

The contract for paving Providence
road and North Main avenue now
awaits Mayor Bailey's signature.
Last night the award was made to
George Mcdonald by councils, both
branches of which were in session.
Councils action ends the strife
among rival brick concerns, the Scran-
ton vitriiied brick being included in the
award. The lowest bidder was James
b. Reilly & Co., but it was found that
their proposal was based upon a mis-
conception of the specifications and
ordinance and they were released at
their own request.
The joint pavements committee,
however. could not ignore the Reilly
proposal in the face of the following
opinion of the city solicitor:
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-29
st. Luke's Summer Home.

Total amount of cash donations last
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22

The Universal Leader says tie
signs of the times in the religious
world are particularly encouraging
to every believer in the gospel
whose heart warns with the desire
for a fuller coming of the kingdom
of heaven on earth. Tole ration,
liberality, and cooperation are in
the air; consequently the religious
atmosphere is more breathable,
more vitalizing and healthful."
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22
TO STERILIZE A NEEDLE.

In discoursing to woman's club
recently a physician, dwelling upon
how to treat children's bruises, told
of simple method to sterilize a
needle that was to be used to pick
out splinter or other foreign sub
stance often jabbed into small boys
hands through their reckless falling.
If the needle is passed through an
alcohol flame or boiling water, and
used without touching the point
with the fingers it is safe. The
average mother thinks if she uses a
needle instead of a pin she has con-
coded all that is required of her, but
the surgeon, keen to the dangers
OF germ contamination, knows that
a step further is necessary. The
lecturer also spoke of the value in
the mothers medicine chest of a
little gutta-percha tissue such as
everyone who has had tooth filled
will recognize. This will be found
to be of great service in covering
any moist dressing of wounds, as il
protects the clothing from the wet
and also retains the moisture which
it is needed to preserve in the
dressing.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22
SCALE INSECTS.

The boy in Aesop's fables cried
"Wolf! wolff" when there was no
wolf. Nobody helped him when
the real wolf came, says Aesop's
Meehan's Monthly" In Our own
country State after State has been
quarantined against the San Jose
scale, Germany has thought there
was something more in this than
mere cry to get appointments for
useless inspectors. So Germany
started a quarantine on its own
account. Scale-infested fruit has
been yellow papered. Germany is
now told we were only in fun.
There is nothing the matter with
the fruit. But the truth is the
scale doesn't need looking after
not by law, for the scale will travel
in spite of all law and its useless
expenditures-but by encouraging
cultivators to look for them and
destroy them.-San Francisco Chron-
icle.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22
BoNAPARTE's DAUGHTER.

Queen Julie never joined her
husband, Joseph Bonaparte, the
fugitive king of Spain, in this
country" writes William Perrine
in the Ladies Home Journal, but
late i'll 1921 their daughter, the
vivacious young Princess Charlotte
determined to console her father in
his exile. She arrived at Philadel-
phia in the ship Ruth and Mary,
commanded by Captain Mickle.
The ships wharf was covered with
a crowd anxious to see her. Only
nineteen years old, of highly ami
mated temperament and delighted
at the ending of the forty days voy-
age, the young girl was in an &c.
stacy of pleasure. She waved her
fur bonnet at the people on the
wharf with such careless delight
that it fell from her hands over the
ships rail and into the river. In
her transport of enthusiasm she
snatched Capt. Mickle's hat from
his head, gaily placing it on her
own and saluting her admirers
anew.
Joseph was highly pleased with
Charlotte, whom he had not seen
since she was thirteen, and tried to
give her as much compensation as
he could for the pleasures of the
continental life she had left behind.
He took her to Long Branch and
Saratoga, but he soon discovered
that her chief taste was for paint
ing, At the old gallery of the
Academy of the Fine Arts in Phila-
delphia were exhibited several
studies and landscapes from her
brush. "
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22
CODE BOOKS ON WAR SHIPS

All code books carried on war
ships have leaden backs, to make
them sink if lost overheard. The
letters in the book, moreover, are
printed with a peculiar ink, which
fades away when it comes in con-
tact with the water. To make
things still more safe, the letters
are changed every few months by
the Navy Department. Even on
the war ships few officers know
their vessels official signal code.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22
WHAT TOREADORS EARN.

The profession of toreador has
its risks, but the remuneration he
receives makes it worth the while
to undergo them During the last
year one toreador naued Mazzantini
took part in sixty-six bull fighting
exhibitions, killing 1853 bulls. For
this work he was paid GIG, 600.
Reverte, with seventy-one exhibit
tons and 100 bulls to his credit,
got Ell, 500; Guerrita's earnings
for the season figured out to GI9,-
900 for killing I47 i'll seventy six
exhibitions.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22

We can close out the sunshine
from our homes by blocking the
windows. The sun shines all the
same. So we can also refuse to adj
nit the sweet, life giving sunshine
of Christ's presence and sympathy
into our lives, but He shines forth,
the light and JOY of souls, all the
ame.-Rev. Henry w. Little.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22

The Christian experience is not
merely something that comes into
a mans life when he becomes con-
scious of his sins; it is coming into
friendship with the great noble per-
son in whom God is manifest to US.
Phillips Brooks.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22
SOME RELIGIOUS THOUGHT
SERIOUS READING FOR
SERIOUS MINDS.
FOR
Church Locations and the Mission
airy Work-Present Tendency Is
Toward Liberality.

Churches are located now with
out any common consideration, "
says the New York Outlook. "The
denominations do not confer with
one another. There is one city in
New England in which two promi-
nent churches of the same denomi-
nation, one of which cost about
5000, 600, and the other over 5000,
900, are placed within a hundred
feet Of each other. The second
came there against the protest OF
the first. The example is scandal
in the community. But this is not
an isolated instance. III a small
town in another part of the country
within hardly thousand feet oil
one another, stand eight churches.
In not more than one instance
could the location have been select
ed because of the need of the district
what influenced the others was the
desire to be in a certain aristocratic
neighborhood. Still more pernici-
Gus is the influence in small villages
where six or eight denominations
crowd in and only one or two at the
most are needed. The result is an
appalling waste, both of men and Of
means. The treasures of the mis-
sionary societies are either depleted
or, if not drawn upon, deprived OF
what they would otherwise receive
for regions where there is actual
spiritual desolation. Such over
tapping federation would prevent.
And in this country even more than
in England, because of our vast
territory, it is desirable that the
Christian sentiment should be able
to speak concerning social and pc
litical questions with common
voice"
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22

Rates than other Store in the city.
Fine Suits, Fancy Shirts,
Fine Neckties, linen Collors,
Linen Shirts, Stockings,
Sweaters, Golf Shirts,
Blankests, Hats and Caps,
Underwear, Handkerchiefs,
Mechanics Overalls, Etc, Etc.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22
Tremendous
Bargains in New
Furniture.
Fifty tons just landed eX C, d.
Bryant, which must be sold quick, at
a sacrifice. Last chance, as Mr.. DeslSy
will soon build his new stores.

Good heavy Chairs, Csc, Use and
Oak Chairs, 81 each. Baby's High and
Low Chairs, $1.25 and $1.75. Double
and Three-quarter Bedsteads, $3.50.
Double and Three-quarter Wire Mat
tresses, $3.50. Double and Three-quar-
ter Wool Mattresses, $3.50. Single Bed
with Wire Mattress, 49, Single Wool
Mattress, 80. 500 Feather Pillows, only
90c each. Steamer Chairs, with Side
Arms, S1.75 Splendid Extension Tables
So. Lounges in Portierre and Damask
$3.50. Baby Carriages reduced to
$3.50. Oak Roll Top Writing Desk,
$500. Hair Mattress, while and gray,
S. TO so. Large assortment of Bed
room sets in Oak, Ash and Birch, at
$15 and up. All new and fresh goods,
just arrived, at San Francisco prices,
l.. s. 1atheWS.
Beretania and Fort SITS.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22

Star want ads. bring good returns.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22

The best at the lowest
price at HOPP'S.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-07-22

Like alone acts upon like. There
fore, do not amend by reasoning,
but by example; approach feeling
by feeling; do not hope to excite
love except by love. Be what you
wish others to become. Let your
self and not your words preach
Henri Fredric Amiel.