davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
What it Costs to Run the Railroads.

From the New York Sun.
An estimate made by one OF the sci
entitic papers short time ago gave as
the average annual expense of American
railroads in maintaining the condition
Of their roadbeds $75,0O0,OOO, besides
S35, ,0O0 900 for the purchase Of rails, ties
and sleepers, and $15,0000 900 for the con-
struCtion of new bridges The railroads
OF the country spent last year for fences,
signboards, signals and watch towers
$3,50OO00 and for printing and adVer-
tising $S,50O000. Very few persons have
an accurate idea Of the extent to which
railroad expenses are to be subdiVided,
supposing, probably, that the largest
Items Of expenditure are for cars and
engines, fuel, employees and terminals.
Such is the fact, but there are other
large items, and one Of the largest of
these Is the item of taxes. Railroad cor
porations in the United States are heaV-
lily taxed, and they pay collectively in
year, 1t has been estimated, $4,000, 900.
There Is another item which figures
largely in all railroad accounts, the
item Of legal expenses, railroads being
drawn into almost constant litigation
and requiring at all times the services
of counsel 1t is estimated that the ex-
penses Of American railroads for pro-
fesslonal legal services amount in a year
to about $1O0O0,0O0, and this Is, of
course, exclusive Of the sums requisite
to meet claims for personal injuries or
damages to property. Some of the larg-
est railroad companies expend as much
as $3.50, 900 in year for the settlement
of such cases or the payment Of judg-
ments recovered. This item of expense
on all American railroads is ordinarily
put at $5,0OO,0OO. A serious accident
may entail on railroad company dam
ages so large as to Offset many months
Of profit, and some roads have been Grip
pied for long periods by such cases.
There are in the United States 100000
railroad employees, 100000 station men,
$4,000 engineers, 10000 firemen and help
ers, $4,000 conductors and dispatchers,
$4,000 trainmen, 10000 machinists, 100,-
600 shopmen other than machinists, TO-
900 telegraph operators and their helpers,
$4,000 switChmen, tlagmen, watchmen,
and 175,00O trackmen. The daily pay
roll on all American railroads combined,
officers and clerical staff included,
amounts to about $2,OOO,OOO.
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
French Cooking.

So many French terms are used in
cooking and in printed bills Of fare at
hotels and restaurants that the following
definitions Of those most commonly used
may be found useful:
Sauter-To toss meat or chopped yege-
tables over the fire in a little hot fat.
Frire-To immerse in boiling fat.
Boulllon-A clear soup, stronger than
broth, but not so rich as consomme.
Bisque-A white soup made of shell
fish.
Rageut-A rich, brown stew, with
mushrooms, vegetables, etc.
Salmi-A rich stew of game, cut I'D
and dressed when half roasted.
ROuX--A cooked mixture of butter and
flour for thickening soup.
Bechamel Sauce-A rich white sauce
made with stock.
Piquante-,A sauce of several favors,
acid predominating.
Au Gratin-Dishes prepared with sauce
and crumbs and baked
oncliees-Very small patties or cakes.
Rissole-Rich mince Of meat or fish
rolled in thin pastry and fried.
Braise--Meat cooked in a closely coV-
cred stew pan with vegetables.
COnsOmme-A rich, clear soup.
Puree-A thickened soup, made by
pressing vegetables through sieve into
a favored broth or stock.
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
A Nihiligt,s Definition Of Nihilism,
Kirk Monroe, in Harpers Magazine.

Kirk Monroe, in Harper's Magazine.
was so fortunate as to meet an Amer
icanized Russian who had been instru-
mental in bringing more of his people
to this country than any other person.
He had been medical student in Rus
sia, became connected with a nihilist
plot, was suspected, arrested and SEN
fenced to Siberia, but made his escape,
and came to this country Ave years ago
He at once took steps to become natural
lied, and now, as DR.. C. G. Young, is an
American citizen, intensely proud of his
adopted country. enthusiastic concerning
its institutions, particularly its liberty
OF speech, and is able to converse in ex-
cellent English wholly acquired since
coming here.
"A nlhillst," said DR.. Young, lis not an
anarchist, nor even q socialist. He is
merely one who desires with all his
heart, and above everything else In the
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23

from the flower at that time, and 1t will
be noticed that the flowers are nearly
as large as the florists carnation, so
called, and quite as double. The bios
SONS are dainty, come thickly on the
plant and are deliclously fragrant; more
over, they are so easily grown from seed
and bloom 80 quickly and satisfactorily
that they are an ideal flower for the
window garden. The seeds were sown
In shallow box November first, and
early in March bloom was plentiful.
Seeds sown now would give an early
spring crop of flowers which would be
thoroughly appreciated.
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
:FIRESIDE and SCRAP-BOOK !


to renew the supply. To be sure, there
are vast forests in Siberia, South Amer
lea and Africa, which can be drawn upon.
It is reported that In the Congo country
there are immense forests which have
never been touched for commercial pur-
poses. Not much Of the timber Of South
America and Siberia has been removed,
as there Is little manufacturing In those
regions. Yet even this apparently lin
itless supply must some day be eX-
hausted, If the present rate of consump-
ton Is continued. There are many mills
in the Northern and Southern States
that use up fifty acres Of timber apiece
In one day. 1t is estimated that in the
next decade the supply Of oak, ash,
cherry and mahogany, and, In fact, all
hard woods, will be as completely ex-
hausted as Is that Of walnut at the pres
ent time. Then the forests Of the Coun-
tries yet unsettled will be drawn upon.
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
Carnations for the Window,

The carnation is an ideal plant for
the window and is especially so for cul-
ture In rooms which are heated only
from stoves in adjoining rooms. Plants
may be procured at any time during the
fall and winter from florists at moder-
ate prices, and If accorded window space
in the cool part of the room will bloom
abundantly during the winter. One of
the best blooming plants we saw last
winter was a carnation which had been
grown in theopen ground during the
summer, the buds being pinched off as
they appeared. Just before frost, In the
fall, 1t was lifted with a ball of earth
adhering to the roots, carefully potted
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
Fine Cabinet Woods Disappearing.
rom the St. Louis Globe Democrat.

From the 81. Louis Globe Democrat.
People often wonder why so many of
our new buildings, including business
structures, churches and other edlflces,
are finished In oak or some other light
colored wood, instead Of the beautiful
dark shades that once predominated.
The change is noticeable ON every hand,
perhaps most so In church buildings,
where dark shades Of lumber would be
preferable to many, as more appropriate
10 the character Of the place. Not a few
attribute this to a change in the tastes
OF the people. The real cause for the
change. however, Is not fickleness Of
taste, but scarcity Of the wood once used
universally for ornamentation. Walnut,
for many decades the king of all woods,
has become, commercially speaking, all
but extinct. The consumption Of 1t for
so many years has been 80 rapid that,
like the white pine of Michigan, 1t is
nearly all cut down. All that remains
OF 1t Is found In little clumps of shade
trees scattered over Missouri, Illinois,
Arkansas and some Of the middle States.
It is believed that in time all the fine
cabinet woodstock, ash, cherry, etc-in
this country will 60 the way of walnut
and disappear from the earth. They are
fast being cut down, and nothing Is done
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
A Back Yard for the Second Story.

From the New York Evening World.
Second story flats to let, with spa
clous back yards" is the way a fremont
real estate dealers announcement reads
When inquired for further particulars
the real estate man told me that about
one-third of the fats in his care have
second or third story back yards. You
see," said he, many of the houses in
fremont are built adjoining big hills.
The landlords do not cut the elevations
away, so they are leveled off at the top
and used as back yards by the occupants
of the flats nearest the level. One house
in my charge has fourth story back
yard"
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
Stories by KentuOky's Good Bishop.

From the Louisville COuTier,Iournal.
At the dinner to the Rt. Rev. Thomas
Underwood Dudley-twenty-three years
a Bishop yesterday-the Bishop told sew
eral good stories.
When he first told his friends in Balti-
more that he was coming to Kentucky,
some of them were astonished.
You're not going to Kentucky, are
you?" asked one startled man.
"Yes, indeed"
why, do you know what kind Of a
State that is? saw in the papers where
q man killed another in Kentucky for
treading on a dog" The Bishop said
nothing, and the man said, impatiently:
"What're you going to do about it?"
I'm not going to tread on the dog"
was the Bishops answer.
"One Of the first places | visited in
Kentucky" said the Bishop, was Leb-
anon, where went with our friend Wal
Ter there. | killed Lebanon with one
visit. / went to bed at the
tavern and left Waller sitting up.
thought must have slept half the night
when was awakened by vigorous con-
trOversy in the room. | peered out Of
bed and saw Waller still sitting up. Be-
side him was big, raw-boned man in
his shirt sleeves
Wall, want this hyar question set
tied the shirt-sleeved man was saying.
'Thar's 'PiscOpal down my way what
says yOus got to war white or black
gown. Nav, how about It? l wants the
Bishop to settle it. Do you have to wear
white or blaCk?'
Il spoke up. I'm the Bishop l said,
and I'll say that I'm not particular. I'll
preach In a pink gown If anybody will
listen to me.
Il was greeted by gloomy prospects
when first came to Kentucky" said the
Bishop. Malaria seemed to pervade the
church. With these conditions l set out
upon my work. Up in the State l met
rough-loOklng man who had his trousers
tucked in his boots, and he carried a big
whip | was introduced to him as the
new Bishop of Kentucky. He eyed me
moment.
High or low?' he asked.
Both,' answered.
Dye preach final perseverance or
fallen from grace?
Il said, I preach Christ and him cru
cifed.'
2 And that" continued the Bishop, '1s
what have sought to do. The Catholic
church Is brOad--broad enough for the
whole world; big enough for any one
who can say the good old Apostles Greed
and worship God in Christ Jesus. There
Is no time for petty questions OF whether
or not there should be flowers on the
altar"
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
A Little Problem in Mathematics.

From the Boston Post.
Here's a mathematical problem which
was put to a man of figures the other
day: "a banker found a $40 bill. At
home he gave it to his wife, who paid
the butcher in settlement of her ac-
count. The butcher paid it to the farmer
for calf, and the farmer paid it to the
merchant, who in turn paid it to the
washerwoman, and she owing the banker
note of $40, went to the banker and
paid the note. The banker recognized
the bill as the one he had found and
which up to that time had paid $50
worth of debt. On careful examina-
tiOn he found the bill was counter
felt" OF course. the problem is, Who
lost in the transaction?
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
CONFINEMENT.

There Is no day so dark
But through the murk some ray Of hope may
steal,
sOme blessed touch from heaven that we might
feel,
II we but choose to mark.
We shut the portal fast
And turn the key and let no sunshine In,
Yet 20 the worst despair that comes through
sin
Gods light shall reach at last.
We slight our daily Joy,
Mako much Of our veXations, thickly set
Our path with thorns of discomfort and fret
At our fine Colds alloy
Till bounteous heaven might frown
At such ingratitude and, turning, lay
On our impatienCe burdens that would weigh
Our aching shoulders down.
We shed too many tears
And sigh too sore and yield us up to woe,
As IL God had not planned the way we 20
And counted out our years.
Can we not be content
And lift our foreheads from the ignoble dust
OF these complaining lives and wait with trust,
Fulfilling heavens intentf
Must we have wealth and power,
Fame, beauty, all things ordered to our mind
Nay, all these things leave happiness behindl
Accept the sun and shower,
The humble joys that bless
Appealing to indifferent hearts and cold
With delicate touch. striving to reach and hold
Our hidden consciousness,
And see how everywhere
Love comforts, strengthens, helps and MVes
US all,
What opportunities of good hefall
TO make life sweet and fair
Celia ThaXter.
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23

and taken into an upstairs room par
TALLY heated through hole In the floor
from the room below. This plant had
space with others near an east window
and bloomed profusely through the win
ter with but one short rest of about
two weeks.
Heat is not desirable for carnations,
for when too warm the plant will not
bloom and is liable to attacks of in
sects. Last winter, growing the Mar
guerite carnation from seed was tried
and with entire success; the illustration
shown here is from q drawing made
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23

world, the liberty Of speech and action
that Is the blrthright Of every living soul
and which Is guaranteed to every Amer
ican by the constitution Of the United
States. Oh, you Americans should be
the very happiest people on earth, for
you have everything that the rest Of the
world Is striving to gain"
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
Needful.
from the Washington Evening star.

From the Washington Evening Star.
II am tired of these constant suspi-
cions," exclaimed the politician I'm
going to demand an investigation"
But" replied the confidential friend,
''are you sure an investigation would
really vindicate your"
Il don't know about that; but It will
show these people, once for all, that
they can't prove anything"
The Advocate and news., 1898-02-23
Mr.. Tinkham and the Wicked Switch Engine.

Mr. IlnKnam ana the Wicked Switch Engine.
From the Kansas City Star.
One bright morning last summer as
William Tinkham went gaily to his work
in the West bottoms he met a Memphis
railway switch engine. Without any
provocatiOn on his part, excepting, per-
haps, that he was wearing a red necktie,
the engine Kissed at him and spat hot
water on his legs. This was more than
Mr.. Tinkham could stand, and when he
was picked up it was found that his
legs had been badly scalded. Tinkham
sued the company for $4,000 for harbor-
Ing vicious switch engine and the case
is now being heard before Judge Gates,
Of the Circuit court. But all the same,
Tinkham is glad the switch engine did
not spit on his necktie.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1898-12-03
TRADE IN GENERAL.
Quotations at st. Louis, Baltimore,
Cincinnati and Other Places.

ST. LOUIS, Dec. 2.-Flour steady and un-
changed. Wheat closed slow and easy at &c I'M
der yesterday. Spot fractionaliy higher; No. 2
red. cash, elevator, 713zc; track, 70070kc; July,
64lSc. Corn weak and AQ2sc under yesterday.
Spot lower; No. 2, cash. 32c; May 329sc. Oats
Futures steady to firm. Spot lower; Nc. 2, cash,
2I4c: May &c asked; No white, 30GD30lkc. Rye
firm at SIC. Timothy seed steady at $3.50. Corn
meal S1.55Q1.60. Bran steady; east track, sacked,
5512lD56c Hay-Prasrie quiet and easy at Sgt rs;
timothy steady to Arm at S7G9. Butter steady;
creamery, 19Q24c; dairy, 15q20c. Whisky steady
at SIPS. Eggs quiet at 19c. Pork steady; stand
ard mess, jobbing. IS. Lard higher: prime steam,
IS; choice, s5O5. Dry-salt meats-Boxed shout
ders s. %; extra shorts $75; ribs, $5.121z; shorts
s5.25. Bacon-Boxed shoulders. S.; extra shorts,
$5.25; ribs, 5.62la shorts. 1915. Receipts-F'our
1909 brls wheat $1,000 blu; corn. 90 0o0 bu cats.
AZ, 600 bu corn ~, 900 bu oats 5000 bu.
CINCINNATI, Dec. Flour easy. Wheat
quiet; No. red. 69l2c. Corn firm; No. mixed
new, 34i4c. Oats firm; No. mixed. 29d29iac.
Rye steady; No. 2. 47c. Lard steady at $3.50.
Bulk meats quiet at A.75 Bacon easy at S5.S7i@.
Whisky active and firm at si2s. Butter dull
Sugar Arm Eggs easier at 19c. Cheese firm.
TOLEDO Dec. 2.--Wheat weak and lower; No.
q cash and December, 70sc May, 70ksc Corn
active and steady; No. mixed, 34izc. Oats dull,
but steady; No. mixed, &c. Rye dull. bat
steady; No. 2. cash, 54I1c Clover seed active and
firm; prime, cash, old. $40; new, N.70
BALTIMORE Dec. Flour steady and un-
changed receipts so S34 brlss exports $1,000 hrls
Wheat dull spot and month. TAGGING; steamer
No red, Csc receipts I5.9Ss bus exports. 13s
bus Southern wheat by sample, 6sa7Sstc. Corn
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1898-12-03
AT NEW YORK.
Ruling Prices i'm Produce at the Sea-
bOard's Commercial MetrnnnIis.

NEW YORK, Dec. Acknowledging, 81 545
brls; exports, 27325 brls. Market fairly active
for spring patents, with quiet undertone. Rye
frmer; No. Q Western, 5915c f. O. b. aioat; 5515c,
c. i. f. Buffalo. Corn meal steady. Barley malt
firm.
Wheat-Receipts, SOS. 400 bu; exports, 1S7,S7S bu
Spot steady; No. red, nc, f. 0. b. afloat OPP
tions opened steady and after some advance On
clearances, light offers and prospective visible
wheat out and export trade proved disap-
pointing. The close was unchanged to &c net
lower; December, 7S12@74sc, closed at 1850; May
711G717sc, closed at IKE.
Corn-Receipts, 1895 bu exports, $780, 944 bu
spot STEADY; No q 407sc, +. o. b. afoat. Options
opened steady on large export orders and adj
vanced on heavy clearances. Later reactions set
in, following wheat, and the close was partly &c
lower; May, 80 3-16Q39Ac, closed at $3.50.
Oats-Receipts, 81, 500 bu; exports, 60 479 bu
Spot steady; No. 2, 32c. Options dull and nominal
Tallow dull city, 3&c; country, 33sa35sc.
Cotton-seed oil steady; prime crude 171z611Sc;
prime yellow, 21h@22c.
Coffee-Options opened quiet at unchanged prices
to points lower; ruled generally inactive, with
factory European cables and large visible, retard-
ed by small receipts, broadening warehouse de-
liveries, steadiness of spot department and firm
Rio market; closed quiet and unchanged TO 5
5.75c; May, 5.S5c. Spot cofree-Rio steady: No. 7,
invoice CSC, jobbing sac. Mild steady; Cordova,
SQl4c. Moderate jobbing trade.
Sugar-Raw steady at decline; fair refining,
15-16c; centrifugal Sc test, 7-16c; molasses
sugar, 11-16c. Sales, 5000 bags Cuba centrifugal
SO test at 7-16c to-day and 5000 bags Cuba, CEN
trifuga SO test, at 716c late yesterday, but Just
reported. Refined nominal and tending downward.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1898-12-03

NJ. e. Ingalls,, president of the Big -Four,
returned from the East last night.
IN November there were handled on the
Big -Four system 1853 $40 passengers, 1850
more than in November, 1897.
1t is stated that the reorganization plan
of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern will
be ready before the month closes.
The Pennsylvania is purchasing addition
al ground at Harrisburg preparatory to in
creasing its yard room at that point.
A. S. Cheever has been appointed chief
engineer Of the Fitchburg road vice Il. q.
Meecher, transferred to other duties.
The new management of the Baltimore &
Ohio Southwestern will have 100000 TO
improve and properly equip the road.
on Dec. the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company mailed q, 1877 checks, aggregating
SS115, 455, in payment of the December divi-
dend.
In November there were handled at the
lines 80, 245.0SS pounds of freight, represent
ing 3,269 cars
More tourist sleepers are being run over
Southern routes TO the Pacific coast than
in any former year, and all promise to be
well patronized.
The Pullman Company takes exceptions to
the legal right of the California railroad
commissioners to compel il to make amman
reports of its operations in that State.
There were loaded and unloaded at the
city freight depot of the Big Four in
November 1914 cars, against 6,s0S in Novem-
Der, 1897, an increase this year of 266 cars
John N BaIme jr. was buried at Buffalo
yesterday. He had been connected with the
White line organization thirty years and
for fourteen years had not failed to be at
his Office daily.
The Lake Erie & Western has become
q member of the mileage bureau and after
Jan ! will honor the Interchangeable mile
age book of the roads in the Central Pas
Eenger Association.
In November there were transferred over
the Belt road 7s,5l7 cars, Belt road engines
handled at the stock yards 5S77 carloads OF
live stock and for private switches on its
line 1863 loaded cars.
Employees on the Crank Trunk and Wa
bash, on the Detroit and Buffalo division
are studying the new rules. Conductors and
engineers must answer rs questions and
dremen and brakemen ll9.
In freight circles the opinion prevails that
on Jan. rates in all directions will be re-
stored TO tariff and better lived up to in
1899 than in any year in the existence Of the
numerous traffic associations.
II Is said the Santa Fe directors have re-
ceived sufficient proxies 10 carry out the
programme in relation 20 the Valley road
by which the Santa Re will secure an indie
pendent line into San Francisco.
The Pittsburg a. Lake Erie will have its
new fine passenger station AT Pittsburg
completed IN the spring. The general Offices
VIII Be located IN the second story Of the