davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04
TWNQlNTO BITES MEAN MI NNN F1VE2 SAYS 6(EN(E NOW

isms, readily found by those experienced
in this branch OF parasitology in birds
blood. (4) Ross now allowed a particular
species of mosquito (the gray mosquito)
to feed on birds with Proteosoma in their
blood and soon discovered that the para
site entered with the blood the mosqui-
to's stomach. 60 Examining his mosqui-
toes some hours later, he discovered GER
tain oval pigmented bodies in the mus
cular coat of the mosquitoes stomach.
co BY hundreds of observations he es-
tablished the important fact that 1t was
only in gray mosquitoes that had fed on
birds in whose blood the Proteosoma par
asite was present that those augmented
bodies occurred. CD From this Ross cor
rectly inferred that the augmented body
was an evolutionary form of Proteo-
soma. (0 McCallum had previously
shown that in the case of the analo-
gous parasite-the Halteridium-the flag
ellum. of the fiageilated phase. after
breaking away, entered certain spherical,
augmented Halteridia, causing them to be
transformed into little travelling pig
mented vermicules. which. in virtue of
their sharp beak and mechanical power
traversed freely red and white corpuscles,
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04

haematozoa will be found in the blood
of both subjects. 1t would appear,
then, that, try as we may, the only
way in which malarial fever can
be given to a healthy man is by inject
ing the living haematozoa beneath his
skin.
Quite a number of lower animals
have haematozoa in their blood A
notable example is that of cattle suffer
ing with Texas cattle fever. 1t has.
been found by a Texas scientist that
the Texas tick conveys the disease to
cattle, so that the dipping experiments
now being carried on in Texas and
other States, of which we read Sc much
in the newspapers, are for the purpose
of killing the ticks on the cattle be-
fore shipping them to other States, and
thus prevent the spread of the fever
to non-infected animals.
-ueo lu7u2B9Il 7IoQM Gull 'uoHsonp tso
-lp9W S! IeA9J TBlIBIBW eIno OF MoH
tiers about one drug, and that is quiz
nine. AS Sydenham said over 200 years
ago, ut is an absolute specific for the
disease"
Following are some selections from
the paper read before the British Medi-
cal Society, giving in technical IAN
guage DR.. Ross results in regard to
the transmission of malarial poison by
mosquitoes:
site developed into a fagellated body in
the microscopic field some twenty min
utes more or less, after withdrawal from
the body; seeing also that these f1agella
broke away and sought to enter other
cells, DR.. Manson recognized In this an
indication, If indeed he did not establish
the fact, of the commencement of the ex-
tracorporeal life of the parasite. Beyond
this, however, no clew was forthcoming
as to how the parasite bred and continued
it's existence. 1t was at this stage that
Manson propounded the mosquito theory
and intruSted its elucidation to Ross.
The various stages of their work were
arranged under several headings. % Ross
found that the mosquito in imbibing the
human blood, ingested the parasite. (2)
He saw the formation Of the fiagellated
body in the blood in the mosquitoes stom-
ach go He observed the fagella break
away from the parent cell and attain a
separate existence. Ross thereby estab-
Iished the probable correctness of the
conjecture that in the mosquito the para
site entered new stage of existence. TO
work out the behavior and development
of the parasite in the mosquito was now
the problem.
After partial success with the human
malaria and for several reasons, Ross
elected to investigate the problem in
birds Birds. the speaker said, suffered
from intracorpuscular blood parasites
like those in human malaria, and Liable
had shown that definite forms of para
sites were frequent in Europe. Two spe-
cies in particular he described.
They were known as Proteosoma and
Halteridum; they were definite organ
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04

treat. saying laughingly, with good
humored ignoring of his own successful
300 cases of a similar sort. "All right,
Gummison, all right, l won't put any
of my bugs in your pie.'
She's UNDER" the anesthetizer said
at last, raising the patients arm and
letting it fall Imply on the table, then
lifting the f1accid eyelid and touching
the apparently insensate eyeball
The surgeon took up his knife. stop
rubbing the cornea," he said irritably.
The interne's mouth twitched. She
bent over her task with an air Of elab-
crate attention, but managed to incline
her head toward the sponger with a
movement which said, Scared stiff,
isn't he?"
AS the knife made it's first wavering
stroke the sponger did a rude thing
which a woman doctor should have
blushed at doing. She changed her
position, standing so that 1t was i'm
possible for the guests to see the oper-
alton The surgeon did not correct her,
in fact he let her raise her arms so
that the stiff1y starched linen sleeves Of
her big apron made the cutting entirely
his own affair In moment. however,
she realized her rudeness and stood
back with an apologize lifting Of her
eyebrows, far enough back for the old
doctors to see the firm, clean strokes.
10 1t up III lWculy iiiihulCcp
son." the big surgeon said. with my
first laparotomy I was ready to sew up
in twenty minutes.
Things went well; the surgeons nat
ural courtesy returned to him, and
toward the end of the twenty minutes
he even thanks the sponger for tying
a ligature neatly and nodded cordially
at the anesthetiZer, as he said:
you've kept her under well, bet up a
bit now, for there are only the stitches
to put in"
A nurse handed him the threaded
needles on a carbolized towel. The
sponger. who had an instant free,
| leaned forward to wipe the perspira-
ton from his forehead with another
disinfected towel AS she did 1t she
noted a green line quivering around
the surgeons mouth. She dropped her
hands to his hands-saw that one OF
them was shaking, that the fingers
were not able to close on the needle
holder.
Or. Gummison," she said impulsive-
| ". in her girlish, appealing tones, Il
know 1 shouldn't ask it, but-won't you
let me sew up? / have dreamed for so
long of putting in the stitches myself
indeed I'll do it right, DOCTOR
She took up the needle at once, while
the old doctor laughed.
Times have changed the big sur
geon said; I'VE didn't have such chances
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04

nose, throat and lungs they would have
to be inhaled with the air we breathe
But the haematozoa do not live in a
dried state; they die as soon as the
blood containing them dries. To get
into the air and be blown about they
would have to exist as dust, but they
are moist bodies, and even If they could
live outside of the blood. would cling
tight to the object to which they are
attached They are not provided with
wings, and consequently cannot fly
about. The air theory is not at all
plausible.
The skin affords an effective barrier
to the entrance of the parasite, for
heamatozoa can be rubbed on the skin
without producing the slightest effect
If, however, some blood of a malarial
fever patient, known to contain haema-
tozoa, be injected beneath the skin of
a healthy person that person will in
variably be given malarial fever of the
type with which the malarial patient
was affected, and the same kind of
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04

only means of conveying the germ is
through incubation, and the mosquito
is tn incubator.
To bacteriologists the most interest
ing feature of the subject is the origi :
nation of the plasmodium and how 1t
gets into the mosquitoes blood. While
we know absolutely nothing about the
malarial germ outside Of the body, 1t
Is probable that in some form 1t lives
and grows In the warm water of
marshes and in rank vegetation,
where so much disease life is generated.
The mosquito deposits her eggs in the
water, where they develop into a
species of "wiggletail." The wiggle-
tail quite likely feeds upon or becomes
inoculated with the malarial germs,
and when it is transformed into q mos
quito it contains the parasite for in
PRODUCTION into man.
The parasite of pernicious malarial
fever is smaller than the others and
seems to accumulate in the internal
organs, developing apparently In
grouns. In the irregular intermittent,
two other forms of the parasite are
found: the beautiful crescent is found
within the red blood corpuscles, and
the flagellate form outside of the blood
corpuscles. In the flagellate form the
pigment Is in the center of the body
and dances about very rapidly. Sud
denly long threadlike processes extend
out from the body Of the parasite and
whip about with great rapidity. Occa-
sionally one or more of the processes
break off and swim about independent
ly The part played by the flagellate
form in the production of malaria Is
unknown.
The relation of these varieties of ma
larial parasites to one another is still
under discussion The consensus OF
opinion is that they are distinct va,
rieties, not interchangeable, but very
closely related.
The interesting question in connec-
ton with the malarial germ is: How
do they get into the blood of patients
sick with the disease?
There are three possible ways: L
Through the mouth. stomach and in
testines 2. Through the nose throat
and lungs. 3. Through the skin
There Is a theory that water of ma
larial regions causes the disease. But
the malarial haematozoa have never
been found in water. Water Of malar-
ial regions has been freely drunk by g
number of observers without the least
results, and, further, blood of malarial
patients known to contain haematozoa
has been eaten by number of observ-
ers without contracting the disease. II
seems. therefore, that the juices of the
mucous membrane of the stomach ant
intestines kill the parasite; hence it is
impossible for 1t to get into the BLOOD
through these organs. To get into the
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04

The matter injected by the mosquito
Is poisonous. This is made apparent to
even the laymen by the pain and swell
ing resulting from the bite. The min
ute abrasion Of the skin made by the
bill would, alone, be barely noticeable,
and that only at the time of the bite.
Malarial disease develops twenty one
days after the bite.
The old theory that malaria was con-
tracted through water and marshy at
mosphere is shown to be wrong, as has
been proved by continuous tests by
italian bacteriolosists, or by DR.. Koch,
the famous German, who studied ma
laria and it's cause infinitely in South
Africa.
Malaria may be given to a healthy
person by injecting the blood of a ma
larial patient. This has been proven
time and again; that the germs could
be conveyed to the blood through the
stomach Is generally disbelieved; the
malarial germ is damp and heavy and
cannot be waited about in the air. The
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04

N Q you believe a woman should
study medicine?
Friends, relatives and &C
quaintances put the question to
me at all inconceivable and in
convenient times and places. Perhaps
1t is not done with pure malice afore-
tho ut, but to Iide over deadly lulls
in the conversai don. To nv certain
knowledge l have never been allowed
to answer the question Some one al
ways rushes in with a convincing af-
flrmative Then he willing or unwill-
i'm listener is inundated with a torrent
of anecdotes showing that since in
fancy l displayeu remarkable tend
ency toward r.edicine.
I knew what II meant to b. a doctor
before / entered medical college. knew
that the work claimed all your hours
for it's own. But / did not know vhat
the first week at medical college means.
No matter how you have discussed dis
secting theoretically it is a severe
81 )ck when you come face TO face with
the actually. No matter how long you
have been cultivating and exercising
viii power. no matter how Zealously
YOU have been nursing the delusion
that YOU have mo nerves., you feel
your courage oozing from you In the
fret visit to the dissecting room.
When once l began to dissect for
got all else and soon began to look for
ward with pleasure to the work.
/ do believe a woman should go 70
medical colleges, but with an amend
ment, providing she is fitted for the
work l do not believe a medical col
'lege nor the practice of medicine I'M
seXes a woman.
/ believe that medical college is the
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04

said pertly, giving a cross-eyed glance
at lock Of her own straight, wispy,
black hair, which had fallen across her
face. And the old doctor, who liked
pertness almost as well as he did sweet
ness, pulled up stool by her and gave
her no end of good advice about the
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04

bringing Of patients out of anesthe-
sia-
Later when they were washing their
hands in the anteroom Dr. Gummison
nervously took an end of the spon-
gers towel. "You"-he began, but she
interrupted him.
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04
STAGES DEVELOPMENT TO THE
FULLFLEDGED
c Q G @ 9 Q oe @ go @ oe

81 believe that medical college the practice medicine
unse1es By that statement I the
There those the exceptions, who physically and
mentally differ from the their that they
cessuly the study and practice of medicine But
these exceptional likewise the exception in medical
college The majority of who enter medical college
nowise different their sisters who handle
the knife. The they through believe
them have reached this conclusion after of
teaching both the oldest medical instruct
in America do elect study medicine
and since the privilege granted them do all in
help both in college regardless of
convictions the friend of womankind she in
sists going medical colegebut believe that 1t
herDr Poverty Cole Professor at To1and Medical
College, a interview.
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES ooooooooooooo &C Q

given us when we were 'prentices, did
we, Robbins? But then" he added,
winking jovially, neither did we have
pink cheeks and light brown curls."
The sponger flushed and stiffened her
slender neck, but the anesthetizer gig
gled-
Don't limit 1t to curls, DOCTOR" she
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04
COCO COCO G ooo 80 100000

How good you were to let me, she
said gratefully. Not many surgeons
would have given an assistant such
chance You don't know how good 1t
seems to have made a beginning, to
think 1 have really put in some stitches
all by myself"
KATHERINE BATES.
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1898-09-04

place for the women who are fitted to
become doctors. To say that it I'M
sexes them has a strong medieval fla
vor that echoes oddly with the rush of
modern times G.. B., M. d.
Arizona republican., 1898-09-25
RETURN OF u HUNG CHANG.
The Revolution Believed to Have Been PreCipitated by an Effort on the Part of Japan to Enter Into an
 Alliance With China.

London Sept Th dramatic development Chinese
  
 
 
 
  defensive alliance   is we'll known that Chinese still 
  circles anticipate understanding  
  turn simply because would
Arizona republican., 1898-09-25
AWAITING NEW ASSIGNMENTS.
Generals Bates and Sumner Report at
 the War Department

Washington, Sept 24.- Major-Ged erals Bates and Sumner, who were prominent in the Santiago campaign, reported at the war department Satur- day They are expecting new assign ments under the arrangement which is under contemplation for the reorgani- zation of the army. They conferred with General Miles regarding new du- ties. They have been at Montauk. The breaking up of the camp there leaves many officers unassigned and without duty. General Miles has been very busy on the plan of encouragement, but it has not yet reached a point which enables any definite information to be given as to where troops or officers will go.
 It is almost settled that General Shafter will return to San Francisco ard resume command of the depart ment of California. Such is his de- sire, and it will no doubt be complied with.
 The probability that number of general and staff volunteer officers will he discharged has caused considerable discussion among those who may be among the number. Most of these or fcers desire to remain in the service. and influence is already being brought to bear to keep them from being dropped.
Arizona republican., 1898-09-25
GENERAL GREENE.
Praises the Work of the Utah Boys at
 Manila.

Ogden, Utah, Sept. 24.-General Greene, who commanded the land forces which caused the surrender of Manila, arrived at San Francisco on Thursday morning, and this. morning arrived at Ogden en route to Washing ton, where he is to report to headquar ters. His recall to Washington is made that he may give the administra tion the advantage of information he has secured during the campaign in the Philippines and he carries with him number of maps, as we'll as many volumes of information regarding the country.
 He is accompanied by two members of his staff, Captain Bates and Lieu tenant Schieffelin, and in his company are also Senor Agoncillo. representing Aguinaldo, and is his accredited agent to this government. and his secretary, Senor Lopez.
 General Greene was very loud in his praise of the work of the Utah bat teries, and Captains Grant and Young were especially praised. The general said the boys had the hardest part of the fight from start to finish and that they could always be relied upon in any emergency. Especially did he ex- tol them for their bravery on the night. of the first battle when they were com
Arizona republican., 1898-09-25
GERMANY HOLDS OUT.
But the Remaining Powers Are Talk.
 ling Business 10 inc Sultan.

Rome, Sept. 24.-Within twenty-four hours Great Britain, Russia, France and Italy will append their signatures to an agreement for the pacification of the island of Crete, including plan for the coercion of the sultan into submission. The scheme has for some time been drafted, but it's enforcement was delayed to invite the participation of Germany, which country declines.
 At the beginning of the week the four powers will send an ultimatum to the sultan of Turkey summoning him to accept the project and inform ing him that unless he does so meas ures will be taken to enforce his com pliance. The powers have irrevocably decided to settle the Cretan question immediately and will not hesitate to send their fleets to the Dardanelles and beyond if necessary.
Arizona republican., 1898-09-25
INCREASE OF THE NAVY.
Secretary Said to Be Favorable to
 Doubling the Enlisted Force.

Washington, Sept. 24.-It is reported that Secretary Long will recommend to congress that the enlisted strength Of the navy, now 10000, be increased to 20,000, in order to meet the growing needs of the navy
 The naval bureau chiefs are prepar- ing their estimates of expenses for the next fiscal year. Estimates aggre- gating S20,000,000 have been already submitted by the bureaus of ordnance, construction apd repair, yards and docks and steam engineering.
 The bureau of ordnance asks for $6,475, ,358.5 50. This sum includes the ordinary expenses of the department and the amount necessary to pay for armor and armament of battleShips under construction and those for whose construction contracts have just been let.
 The bureau of construction and re- pair and of steam engineering ask for SG,000,000 to meet the expenses to be incurred under the head of increase of the navy Chief Naval Constructor Hichborn also asks for an appropria- tion of $3,500,OO0 to enable him to make necessary repairs on ships in service.
 The chief constructors estimate ex- ceeds that made of the expenses of the ordinary repair work during the pres ent fiscal year, which amounted to $2,500,000. Although it is the expecta- tion of the authorities that the navy will be on a peace footing during the next fiscal year, the chief constructor believes that such a large force will be kept in commission as to necessitate the making of many repairs.
 Engineer-in-Chief Melville has also asked for s1,10O,00G for repairs to the machinery of ships.
 The estimates submitted by Civil Engineer Endicott include an item for a new dock to be built at the Norfolk navy yard This dock is to cost about Se,500,0 ,000, and will be one of the finest docks along the Atlantic coast. New docks were authorized at Portsmouth, Boston, League Island, Algiers, La, and Mare IslaId.
Arizona republican., 1898-09-25
SECRETARY TAIGNY PRESENTED.

Washington, Sept. 24.-M Cambon, the French ambassador, called at the state department today to present the second secretary of the embassy. Ol- iver Taigny, who will be left in charge during the absence of the ambassador in Europe, and of M Thiebaut, the first secretary, on leave of absence in this country. The ambassador was given a copy of the large photograph of the principals in the making of the peace protocol, and has just obtained the signatures Of the persons portrayed in the picture.
Arizona republican., 1898-09-25
EVACUATION OF CUBA.
Will Take Place as Soon as the Cli-
 mate Will Permit.

Washington, Sept 24.-No delay in the evacuation of Cuba by the Span iards will be permitted. beyond the time before which the health of the troops would be endangered by occu- patton. Meanwhile the United States forces are being put in readines for occupation and every bureau of the war department will have its supplies and equipment ready when the time for movement comes. No time has yet been fixed and none will be until the department is advised by the mil itary commission that the health of the troops would not be in danger from the Cuban climate.
 It was stated by an official of the war department that thc troops would go to Cuba about the middle of Oc- tober, certainly not later than the first aof November. The matter of barracks for the troops has been considered by the department, and Acting Secretary Meiklejohn said today that the Span ish barracks in Cuba would be thor cughly cleansed and fumigated before being occupied by the United States troops.
Arizona republican., 1898-09-25
A SAN FRANCISCO STORY
Official Denial of German Inferfer- - enCe in inc Philippines.

Washington, Sept. 24.-The officials of the war department pronounce to coming from San Francisco to the ef- feet that Germany has shown any dis position to arm the Philippine insur-. gents with view to melting them to harass the Americans at Manila.
 The officials stated to be positively untrue the statement that our govern ment had received any such informa- tiCn or that it was influenced by any such in ordering the dispatch last week of 5000 additional troops to re- inforce General Otis at Manila.