New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-01-02

angel Michael was in its origin an English cl,7
an English colony in that land which has lon,
been reckoned Englands traditional enemy. n
dates away back TO the time Of Edward VI who
chartered the expedition Of the Inflated Sir
Hugh Willougnby. THE like Of which was never
In any realm seen, used or known" and sent Il
forth with passport TO all the world addressed
by the young King TO all kings, princes rulers
judges and governors OF the EARTH" requesting
for the expedition free passage through their
COMMONS and pledging his kingly word that
nothing shall be touched Of yours unwilling 10
you. 1t was q serious and moral company too
commanded by the King to indulge IN no
rbadry or ungody talk. dicing. carding
tabling. nor other devilish games" Very differ.
ent, one would say, from the average prospect.
Ing party Of these days. The men were also
admonished TO be careful in their behavior 10
the natives Of whatsoever place they might
visit, and above all, to be temperate in their
use Of wine and beer.
Well, Sir John himself did not come 10 Arch.
angel but his chief lieutenant, Chancellor, did
He found the place occupied by the gentle and
intelligent Firms, and reckoned il a good place
for the foundation Of trade and industry. Then
he proceeded up the Dwna, then a much more
easily navigable river than now and made
friends among the less civilized Russians. Ivan.
the son Of Basil, received him at Moscow with
all honor. and gave him the first charter ever
given to a foreigner TO trade through the Dwina
with the then almost unknown world Of Nus
covy. AS the result Of that expedition Arch
angel sprang into being. 1t was an English en-
terprise. English ships crowded the wharfs
English warehouses covered the shore, English
merchants thronged the markets, English
churches raised their spires in the Arctic air
1t an English colony pure and simple, and
for many years il hourished the only port
Of Russia. But when Peter the Great saw II he
filled with Jealousy, partly that the COM
mercial capital of his empire should bear the
name OF another, man or saint or angel and
partly that its trade should be in the hands OF
foreigners. So he resolved to build another
port. that should bear his own name instead OF
that Of Michael and OF which the trade should
be kept in Russian hands. SO he founded
Petersburg, which has in some unexplained way
come to be called ST. Petersburg, and gave II
by law such advantages over Archange that the
latter could not compete with It. and 50 soon
began to decline.
a wiser policy now prevails. Russia wants
all the ports she can get, IL possible on all the
Seven Seas" She has several on the Baltic. She
has made the Eux.ne almost a Russian lake
She has one or two on the Northern Pacific. S1a
has now seized several the Yellow Sea-
She is working her way persistently toward the
Persian Gulf. 1t would be shame 10 her II she
did not develop her trade by way Of the Arctic
Sea. Her negotiations with Norway for the
cession Of the Varanger Fiord are no, yet sue
cesstul and never may be. But in ArehanSel
she has splendid port, connected b. river. ana
now at last by rail, with the whole Interior OK
her empire. 1t may confidently be expected
therefore, that the latter viii regain its former
Importance and grow into real metropolis OK
the North. To this end this sub-arctic railroad
just completed, is a long and significant STEP