The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-02-27
Many Wars of Spain.

cruelty.
Spain, as we understand the name, came
into being with the marriage OF Ferdi-
nand and Isabella. BY this union two
great provinces were made one and 9TH
ers came in 10 make the whole. Under
Ferdinand and Isabella began the voy-
ages of discovery which were TO give
Spain control Of nineteenths OF the new
world. Being the initiative reign of Spain
as nation il was, of course, a war-like
| reign. Three men out OF four when asked
TO name the leading events OF Ferdinand 5
occupancy of the throne viii say that
Columbus made an egg stand up for his
delectation. and discovered America. and
stop there. Yet in that reign the Moors
were driven from Spain; the inquisIion
was esta blished; TorQuemada was a pow
er second only to the pope himself; the
Jews were expatriated; there were many
wars in Italy; there was a war with
France to recover Cerdagne and Roussn-
Ion. which had been mortgaged TO France
by Ferdinand father; there was the rise
and world-flling fame of Gonsalvo de
Cordova, the great soldier; there was the
utter defeat of the French on Italian soil:
there was successful wars in Africa and
the wars OF the so-called Honly League.
In the days which followed fernando
Cortez fought and conquered Mexico and
Francisco Pizarro under contract fought
and conquered Peru. This man gave 10
Spain a territory which extended through
thirtynine degrees of latitude and in
cluded all of these countries now known
as Peru. EEcuador, Bolivia and Chile Ev-
cry day of Pizarro's adventurous life in
the west was day of warfare, and every
main actor in the drama OF the Incas
al inns
poured into the Golfers of the conquer
ing country a steady stream of gold and
silver. Within fifty years the Spanish
navigators made Of Spain the greatest
empire the world had ever known. The
Atlantic and Pacific oceans became Span
ish lakes, and became so through con-
slant wars Every foot of this vast west
ern holding, with the exception only of
Cuba and Porto Rico, has been lost by
war or through the direct consequences
of war. Since the dethronement of Ferdi-
nand VII. and enthronement of Joseph
Bonaparte revolutions have cost Spain
nearly all of her transatlantic colonies.
Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Ecuador went in
1924 Venezuela went in 1923. Mexico
achieved independence in 1929, and the
isthmus republics in 1923.
It
crown of Germany to Charles V, who
was a Hapsburg. and Spain leaped at once
into prominence and power in the wide
field of European politics For eighty
years it dominated the nations Of Europe,
always at war and always ruling, when
it ruled, with an iron hand. At that time
facing each other were four of the great
est kings of history. They were Charles
V. of Spain, Francis 1. of France Henry
VIII of England and Soyman the Mag
nificent. The ablest of them was Charles.
During all of his reign his people had
small breathing time between his wars.
For thirty years he was engaged in what
are called the Italian wars. He was real
ly behind the Constable de Bourbon's
sacking of Rome in 1927. because Pope
Clement had absolved Francis from a
truce, and that merry monarch had imme
diately begun fighting again. In the eight
years between 1927 and 1885 he had his
usual war with Francis, a war with the
F'lorentines, assailed the Barbary pirates
and captured Tunis. In 1886 he invaded
Provence, and in that year whipped the
rebellfous burghers of Ghent. He had an
African war in 1541, and another war with
France from 1912 TO 1914. In 1913 he began
his savage attacks on Professionalism. In
1547 he took Maurice of SaXony prisoner.
and fought him again in 1862 He followed
this with one more war with his old foe
man of France. At this time Spain was
mistress of Mexico, Peru, Franche Comte
the Netherlands, Naples, parts Of Germa-
ny, and a dozen of other principalities
During his reign Charles rolled back the
Turks from Europe, fought for Christians
in Tunis and Algiers, had Travelled over
Italy, France, England, Germany and
Flanders forty times in war and peace. He
had fought every one who disagreed with
him on any subject, and when he resigned
his crown TO Philip and retired to a mon
astery. was the most potent and dreaded
monarch of his day.
Philip who came to the throne when %
years old, fought the pope; fought France;
fought long wars with the Protestant
Netherlands; fought the Turks viciously;
made one of the Holy League which
forever shattered the Turkish dream of
an empire in Africa, and in which Ger
vantes A private soldier. lost the use Of
his left hand; fought Henry OF Navarro;
maintained a perpetual sea Of war with
England after the cessation Of Elizabeth.
He sent the invincib.e armada in 1855. and
OF the 10000 men who manned his ships
only 1000 returned. He sent another ar
mazda in 1851. Mexico was coined into
ducats for these wars-English, French
and Dutch. Philip was royalty Spanish or
Spanishiy royal. He lived and breathcd
murder. He attempted to assassinate
Elizabeth. Henry CT Navarro and John
of -Barnaveld. the great burgher,
and he did assassinate Egmont. HORNE.
William the Silent, Don Carlos. az that
time his only son. his Legitimate son.
Don Juan. millions by one edict in the
Netherlands. and his private secretary.
Escovedo who knew too much. For ma
ny years Of Philips reign the skull Of the
chief Justice OF Aragon adorned a Spanish
market place. Here is is what be govern
ed: Peru, Mexico. Brazil, the Antilles,
seventeen Netherland provinces. twelve
kingdoms of Spain and Portugal. the two
Sicilies. Milan. parts Of Tuscany. Bsrba-y.
Guinea. the African coast southwest, the
Irdian Sea penInsuIas and Archipelago. .
the Philippine and MUlucca islands. the
Grand Duchy Of Florence and the EspEb-
lie Of Geneva. He was tituiar king Of
England through his marriage with Mary
and a claimant 70 the throne Of France
through his daughter
Under Philip III. Philip ", and Charles
II. the great empire rapidly refrigerated.
Under Philip Il. there were thirty ,ears
OF war Philip ~. reignei forty four
years, which were % almost uniuterrupt-
Cd war with the Netherlands. italy and
France under Richlieu. Philip Y. WHO
was 4 Bourbon. and Ferdinand VI were
comparatively quiascelt. Charles III. vas
guilty Of two foolish wars With England
IL both q which he VAS worHei, r.
re Spanish war with Eag.ani 81 l.s- TIE
English took Havana wita g. %. % II