The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-06-12

milton and sixty-two tons more Of coal. II am
munition was plenty and tho Iowa was fighting
near her base OF coal supply, this would DO an
admirable arrangement Exactly how this OK
cess Of load capacity had been adjusted during
the present war. Of course. will not DO known
until hostilities cease and the reports OF tho do
ings of the ships are made to the department.
IL is interesting to note that the weight of the
steel In the hull, including the rivots for the
plates, amounts to $500 tons. Tho weight OF
the berth and protective decks, including 10
tons for bolts to secure those decks In place, is
5S6 tons. The weight OF the oils, paints. putty
and cement used for the hull alone amounts to
1853 tons. Tho various armor weights are: Side
and diagonal belts, s51 tons; casemate. 2o7
tons; barbettes for 12.inch and s.inch guns, 734
tons; turrets for 12.inch and s.inch guns. OIL
tons; coming tower. 90 tons; sponsors. 26 tons;
splinter bulkheads. IL tons; armor tubes, 81
tons; wood backing for armor, ITO tons; armor
bolts, SO tons; cellulose in cofferdams. 90 tons.
The main engines. including condonsers,
pumps and fittings, weigh 406 tons. The boil
es and their fittings weigh 500 tons. The water
in the boilers. condensers, pipes and tanks weighs
2lO tons. The refrigerating plant weighs @ tons.
The hydraulic pumping plant weighs 80 tons.
Various small Items connected with the engines
weigh about 20 tons.
hS Oikhl vi tilS U va bho AO'S "ASs
Main battery, AGA tons; secondary battery. IL
tons; auxiliary batteries. 1 ton. The torpedo out
ut weighs 5 tons. There arc 361 tons Of ammu.
milton on board. The stores, magazine equip
ments, ammunition hoists, engines for the tur-
rets and guns, and hydraulic machinery con.
nected with this department of the ship weigh
about fifty tons. The electrical outfit weighs SO
tons. while such items as rigging, awnings.
flags and pennants weigh about 10 tons.
There arc AZ tons OF ladders, gratings,
furniture. and blocks. The amount of pro-
visions and clothing is Ga tons. What are
known as medical and marines stores weigh 81
tons. The weight of the normal supply of fresh
water is AZ tons. The weight OF the boats is 80
tons. The weight of tho officers and crew and
their effects is put down at SO tons. The hull
fittings, such as pumping and drainage systems.
plumbing, steering and anchor gears, warping
and towing gears, boat handling apparatus and
kindred machinery. weigh 500 tons.
THE AUXILIARY MACHINERY.
1t is in the matter OF auxiliaries in the steam.
engine department that the modern battleship
differs materially from the frst-class ocean
liner of the present day. In the Massachusetts,,
for example, there are no less than cighty-six
distinct engines. big and little; and II every
cylinder be counted as an engine there are ex-
actly 1853 OF them in that grade OF man-of-war.
There are two main engines, Of course, each Of
about 10000 horse power, but the auxiliary
outfit is just as important as tho main engines.
for the simple reason that all the work required
of steam on board of ship. except driving the
vessel through the water. is done by these aux
Hilary engines. They are of three kinds. Some
of them form q part Of the propelling
machinery: some are necessary TO main.
tain the health of the crew; some operate the
guns and other fighting machinery. There are
four big boilers for tho main engines, and two
smaller ones for the auxiliaries. So important
is it to have the auxiliary machinery in work.
ing order at all times and 30 extensive is the
system of steam pipes tributary to this auxiliary
machinery that it has been arranged that the
exhaust steam may be sent into no less than
four different places. Chief among the auxilia.
ries connected with the propulsion Of the ship
are the air pumps which provide q vacuum for
the proper circulation Of the steam through the
engines. Then there are the drainage pumps
and the pumps to supply the condensers, as well
as q small pump which distributes the
oil from the main oil tanks. OF course
all these pumps are similar to those EN-
ployed in every large steamship. In the
boiler rooms the most important auxiliaries
are what are known as pressure blowers. These
are wheels operated by small engines which
draw down from above the decks u supply of air
anu IOTCe IL lnIO Inc DOllcT TOOID, winch stlmu'
latos the draught of the fires. Then there are
blowers which v~entilate the engine rooms,
These blowers are of a special design. Of
course. there are the usual feed pumps for sup
plying the boilers with the water which has
been condensed from steam. and in each of the
tireroom matches there is a little reversible en-
CINE which is used exclusively for hosting
ashes. In the engine room also there is a small
engine, called an auxiliary surface condenser
which has to do exclusively with the auxiliary
machinery. Then there are pumps for water
service. and each main engine has a little steam
reversing engine and also a steam turning en-
CINE to complete its outfit.
Probably the most important of the auxilia
ries which have to do with maintaining the
health of the crew is a d%istiller and evaporation
which provides $500 gallons Of drinking water
every day. This apparatus has pumps whereby
the water from the sea is brought into the ship
and distilled for use. Then there are four sepa
rate blowing engines for ventilating the shiI
from end to end. These engines are SO designed
that air may DO drawn from inside the ship anC
forced out or from outside the ship and forceC
to every part inside the vessel. Another ma
chine that has to do with the comfort OF thu
crew is that which makes ice and cools the re
frigerating room. This machine can make on,
ton of ice u day. or 200 pounds of Toe and use it
additional power for cooling 800 gallons of wa
ter to a temperature of 40. In this machine tn
air Is condensed to II pressure of about sixt,
pounds to the square inch. The heat from thi
compression is carried away by cool water sup
piled from the sea. The compressed air is re
leased gradually and becomes cold from expan
sion, after which 1t passes into the rcfrigeratinl
pipes. When it again becomes heated, it 1
once more compressed and cooled by sea water
Among the other auxiliaries is. of course, tn