Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1898-11-11
DAIRY AND POULTRY.
CHAT TIERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS.
How Successful Farmers Operate This
Department OF the Fsrm--A Few
Hints ~ to the fare of Live Stock
and Poultry.
Tirhtlng bacteria.

~ "A. 4 ed hOD, dS5i5ldul cultl Oh the
Dairy Division. U. S. Department OF
Agriculture, says:
Just how dairy originally becomes
infected with Objectionable bacteria
which color the milk or cause 1t to
be ropy, Shiny, bitter. or soapy, or how
a creamery OF cheese factory which
has had no previous trouble with bac-
terra Is infected with troublesome
forms, is not always known. Occa-
sionaily outbreaks occur which are
as unexpected and inexplicable as are
some outbreaks Of infectious diseases
in healthy communities. But it should
be remembered that bacteria are ex-
tremely minute bodies and that many
ways OF moving about, eve. long dis
tances, are possible to them. They can
often successfully withstand what
would seem to be very unfavorable
conditions and thus for a long time
hold their life as they are carried from
place to place, or as conditions about
them change, until they find them
selves In a favorable location for
growth. and then Immediately COM
mence to multiply at a marvellous rate.
They may first be introduced in to a
factory by impure water, milk from an
infected dairy, cans which have been
used for other than dairy purposes, and
especially by dust or anything which
carries dirt.
preventive Measures.-After objec-
tionable germs have once entered the
factory three things are required for
their growth or increase. namely.
warmth, moisture. and food. 1t is
impossible to keep the temperature
from being favorable to them in the
summer time, but by keeping the fac
tory as dry as possible, the food sup
ply scarce. and subjecting the germs
TO conditions which are fatal to them,
such as high heat and disinfectants, 1t
Is possible to rid the factory of them.
Soon after factory is infected with
troublesome bacteria, colonies will be-
come established in many places; they
are hidden in cracks in the floors and
walls and any place which remains
continually moist will contain large
numbers Of them. The entire build
Ing and all its contents must be scru-
pulously cleaned and the work must
extend to the whey tank and drain
leading to 1t. Every utensil should be
thoroughly sterilized by exposure to
i've steam during at least ten minutes,
and everything not so treated should
be disinfected. The inside walls Of
he building and the outsides of the
arger apparatus may be disinfected
with boiling water or steam, but IL this
s not practicable dilute solution OF
'arbolic acid may be used. at the
strength of l pound to rs to so of
water. This Is an excellent disinfect-
INT but should not be applied to any
surface which comes in contact with
he milk. Sulphate of iron (copperas) |
8 an efficient disinfectant for drains; |
hey should be flushed daily with boil
ng water and have steam passed |
through them II possible. then have
jumps of copperas placed in them.
AT the same time or preceding the
FORK of cleansing the factory it's sur
cnndings should be improved. Pools
hould be drained and the hollows
lied with clean earth. II at any
ONT the soil is saturated with milk or
hey, the top part should be replaced
18th fresh earth. II practicable and
Operas sprinkled about. Treatment
this kind frequently repeated and
ccompanied by the replacement of
ecayed boards in the floor or else
here. and the repair OF drains, waste
lpes. etc, and followed by a good
Dat OF whitewash, will usually remove
Il trouble. II. however, the condi-
ons are not improved after these
1t is probable the source
infection is external to the factory.
nd every effort should be made to
iicAl.- locate II. An affection once
arted readily travels from dairy to
liry. and unless 1t is promptly
amped out an entire district may
ffer great lossas result 1t is found
: handling the milk from the differ
It dairies separately. or by the use
fermentation or curd test. that
q trouble belongs to certain one.
at dairy should be thoroughly
eaned and disinfected. II the water
found to be to blame. new supply
ould be obtained. or an arrangement
divided to boil all the water used.
Sore Mouth Among Cattle.