The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-07-09

WHICH FOLLOWED OUR FORMER
wAps
New York Commercial Advertiser.
In view of the growing belief that
Spain is seeking to initiate a peace
movement, the precedents bearing on
peace negotiations are being looked up.
They disclose many interesting fea-
lures in the negotiations following wars
ir which the United States has en-
gagged.
The peace negotiations closing the
Revolutionary war came about in a
romantic manner. Franklin and Jay
were living in Paris at the time, hav-
ing succeeded in enlisting the active
assistance of France. Among Fran
Inns neighbors was a Nine. Britton,
with whom Franklin had formed fast
friendship. Nine. Britton spent the
summer at Nice, where she met several
English noblemen. among whom were
Lord Cholmondley. The latter on
learning that she was a friend of
Franklin asked for note of introduc-
ton to him, saying he would call and
drink tea with him at Passy. The let
ter was given and Franklin and Lord
Cholmondley were brought together
on friendly terms. His lordship SAID
that he was an intimate friend OF
Lord Shelburne, who had just become
the ruling figure of the British minis
try, and it was suggested that Frank
lin write a letter to Lord Shelburne,
which Lord Cholmondeley undertook
to deliver in person.
Acting on the suggestion, Franklin
wrote brief letter expressing the wish
that general peace might be
brought about. But he was careful to
avoid betraying any anxiety or hope
tina. the peace would Immediately take
place. Franklin felt sure of his ground,
as political conditions in the United
States were much disturbed. The let
ter was very welcome to Lord Shell
burne, as it arrived just after a serious
upheaval in the British parliament.
The ministry of Lord North, which had
conducted the war, narrowly escaped
a vote of censure, and it gave place to
ministry favorable to the recognition
of American independence. Lord Shell
burne had not wished to initiate the
movement, but Franklins letter paved
the way and, as a result, formal nego-
tiations were opened between Frank
lin and Lord Shelburne, leading to the
recognition of American independence
and the conclusion of a peace with the
American colonies.
MORE FORMAL.
The peace negotiations after the wal
OF 1912 were more formal in character
Soon after the war began President
Madison took the first step toward re-
storing peace, and in a message to con-
Sress on Nov. 4, 1912, he said: Anxious
to bridge the evils from which a state of
wal cannot be exempt. ! lost no time
after II had been declared in convey
ing to the British government the
terms on which its progress might be
arrested The terms proposed by
Madison were that Great Britain va
cate the Orders in Council on block.
ades and on the impressment of Ameri.
can seamen. The movement came tC
nsught.
The emperor of Russia took the next
step to restore peace. He made a pro.
position to John Quincy Adams, oul
minister to, st. Petersburg. suggesting
that he would act as mediator. The
proposition was made also to the state
department at Washington through
the Russian minister here. 1t was ac
cepted by the United States anc
Messrs. Bayard. Gallatin and Adam.
received instructions on April IS, 1913
to proceed to st. Petersburg. Theii
instructions began: Your first duty
will be to conclude peace with Grea
Britain" The terms of peace were tn,
same as Madison had previously speci
ned, but these We're indispensable con
ditions. Great Britain declined tn,
overture, however, and Lord CASTER
eigh wrote to the state department
suggesting direct negotiations. Ac
cordingly Henry Clay and Jonathan
Russell were added to the peace com
mission, receiving new instruction,
Jan. %, 1914. British commissioner,
were appointed and the commission
met at Client Aug. 8. The British pre
sented four points: the American,
three. Among the British points wa,
that relating to the maintenance of ;
warship on the Great Lakes. which ha,
since become an established practice
The peace treaty was finally agreed I,
Dec. "a, 1914.
OTHER EXAMPLES.
During the Mexican war, while hos
tilities were in progress, the chic
clerk of the state department, Nichola
p. Trist. was sent to Mexico to one,
negotiations for peace. He was in
structed to demand the cession of New
Mexico and California. The term
We're rejected by Mexico. Thereupol
the United States recalled Trist. Tha
caused much agitation in Mexico, a
it was feared the United States woul,
adopt most aggressive steps. Iris
had not acted on the recall but had re
mained in Mexico. He succeeded, a
result of the changed feeling, /,
making treaty of peace, known a
the Treaty of Ghadeloup Hidalgo ol
Feb. 4, 1s4S.
At the close of the civil war ther
were no peace negotiations or treat,
in the usual sense. Being a rebellion
the federal government recognized n,
power with which it could make |
treaty. The surrender at Appomatto,
was without condition, but an arrange