davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29

Cincinnati, Octboer rs, AT Latonia.
Six and a half furiongs-Annie NJ. MnSeppa.
Kathe May. Time 1;si.
Five and bali furlongs-Clarice b.. Chan
Gerry. Estabr0oks. Time i1TA.
S,A and half furlonga, sclling.Frcd
Broens. Dr. Pitts Randa,go. Time l.32h.
One mile, scliing--Rarus. Dominis. libntion.
Time 1 IA.
Five Iurlongs Lady Roller, Dolly Regent.
Rubel. Time ITO.
One mile. selling -I1ampden, Joe Shelby
Actor. Time 1854.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29

pect to be mustered out OF the service at
once.
Mr.. VIM. r. Rhodes of this city ceie-
broted his 18TH birthday today by having
his children and grandchildren with him a,
splendid dinner. His Children were an
nres. mt except his Oldest daughter, Mrs.
I. l.. Conner OF Madison county. and the
Youngest Miss Edith, who is at school IN
Sherman.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29

to land Il In CALIFORNIA; at ia cents. e1e-
half cent ux.der the American Sugar Refin-
ing compa,ly's priee. and the latter concern
had to lower tts figures.
II 10 underwood thst the krbuckiss are
doubtful whether or not they will oc able
10 get this special rate on further ship
meats to tho Pacific coast.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29

Fort Worth. Texas. October 2s.-Tl'e
Moore murder case was given to the jury
this afternoon. Judge Dunklin's charge
was mainly on the question OF murder In
me frs degree and on the proposition nat
the nrisousr. IL guilty. eolli only BE- con-
sidered as one OF principals No charge
wa given In regard 10 lesser degrees OF
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29

5sn' Texas, October oS.--Bryan's SOL
o0ys w.o belonged TO company c. Sec
Teas, left today for Dallas. their thir-
" Through having expired. They ex-
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29
chatteI Mortgage.

Waxshachie. Texas. octSoei
schwartz. clothing. hi.d chattei nioftsass'
naming =. NJ. Getsetdanfr trustee. Tree
are twenty seven prsferrst cred1ors' 1904
Ing 10 S505s. n
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29
a. unfortu Young MN.

rney, Texas, October 27.-Tom Harris.
lgung man sust attaining to manhood.
% the sidewalk and broke his leg
eoove the kne. one bone only. This
second Tina this year the youlg
IBIS been unfortunate in the same
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29
TOD SLOAN LANDS NUN SUCH.
CAPTURES THE OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
STAKES FOR FRINGE or WALES.
The ssOHaha ksAs KNscks Sammy
Kelly ont IN Fourtcenth Round.
Notes from the Race Tracks.

London. October as.--rhe Priace OF Wales
a-yssr-old bay nily Nun Such ridden by Too
Sloan. won the Old Cambridseshire handicap
Of Gto. Sloan was left at tho post In ths
Cambridge stakes.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29

WAxAHACHIE.--Dr George W. Walker
member OF fifteen cotton factory coiiec-
trrs. Informed The Aoss corres,oaleN IN ~
10000 had been subsSibed TO him for the
msii IN Waxahachle.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29
yo cocoa Itea.op. Exjst.

Williamson County Sun tGeorSetewnl.
why should republican vote for wasA
Jones to 70 to congress! Jones agrees With
the republican party IN nothing.
why should q pnpulist vote for Wash
Jones? He IL not . p0pulist end neyeR
voted that ticket. s w
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29
~ Us q new plaster.

a new combination Of new
remedies. Made after new
methods. Entirely unlike any
- other plaster.
~; me Triumph of Modern Medical
Patient Toll.
RACED over the chest It Ia .
ssriul aid to Ayers Cherry Pee.
srS ~, IN the treatment of all throat
~ y, Jung affections.
-. RACED over the stomach. it stops
e and vomiting; over the
BE-, u controls cramps and collie.
4 aced over the small Of the back,
- moves all congestion from the
r.s and greatly strengthens
4 ! Ss Z s:ls b. an Drugehts.
y = AR c., IovoIl kaas.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29
NOTES

castor D. +, GoSs of Seymour and Hon.
|E MSitin of Gatesviile were here today
baslness with the departments.
y articles of incorporation OF the
nnoIo Ice company of Jacksboro were
With the secretary of state today.
FAl stock, $4,000. Incorporalors:
Hensiey, Thomas F. Turner, l.. A..
IN, ]. 3. Campbell.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29

W springs, Texas. October 2S.--Ned
y, Indicted for ths murder OF Henry
/! December 2, 1897, was today con-
X Oh murder and sentenced TO be
Sfed
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29
o.kl.na w,utcr Meet.

San Francisco. October 2s.-The season oil
winter racing begins tomorrow at tho Calf
fornia Jockey clubs track at Oakland.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29
SUES THE CITY.

,ipcso Gerard has flied suit against the
isf 10000 damages. He alleges that
In injured by runaway team while
sIing the bridge over the Colorado
h, Rid team having been allowed 10
y ~ the bridge keeper.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29
HERSELF ON FIRE.
~ u,,hsd Of Suicide Adopted BY Mrs.
! Haly S. weil'
ND HfR CLOTHING WITH KEROSENE
APPLIED ma Match-Every
was Made TO Save Her.
80 without Avail.

rsx,s October 2s.--Mrs. Molly
a, q Karnes City died here this
. o'clock at the residence Of
80. She was the wife Of Peter
a ii company with her husband
Z. small children came here last
l a. medical treatment, her mind
IMPAIRED condition. Last night
..,r.d early, leaving her husband. the
- was waiting on her and the
y. ~ was visiting In the pnrlor.
u, .eter she had started for bed, che
. m an the back gallery, poured kero-
~ her night gown and set 1t afire.
x..aor and her husband came to her
...a a. soon as they became aware
~. che had done and every known
sx rs applied in an effort to save
M, bat she died this morning from the
81 d The burls she had received. The
- will be shipped tomorrow to
~ City for burial.
Orr LAKE IMPROVEMENTS.
npts.n s. S. Ashe of Houston and H. L.
q Of San Antonio are here In the in
~ Il the new company now being or
ted to obtain control Of the property
IN as Sour lake in Hardin county for
purpose OF improving it by the erec-
Y 4 modern hotels, sand tarium ana bath
IN A railway connection to bring 1t
tIoss touch with the outside world 10
khet proposed improvement. These
akuen have been meeting with good
ha, having already secured 5000
III ahout 200. stockholders. They pro-
\ raise 100000 as starter AID ex-
W. have 1000 stockholders. as the stock
ny oliered IN small quantities.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1898-10-29
Magnetic
Influence

OF prices and truly great values will
draw patrons here today like the mag
netized steel horseshoe draws the car
pet tack; because goods were never
better, prices never more closely
marked.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
CHICKEN UNDER HIS ARM.
Negro Found Asleep With Chicken
Under His Arm.

On Sunday morning a family on
Blount street noticed that some planks
lad been knocked off their chicken house
and that two nice hens were missing.
Later when the young lady of the house
went into the garden to examine hen
nest, she discovered big negro man
asleep between Il row of collards. She
was frightened and ran to the house
to wake her father He went after Il
policeman. In the meantime her broth
ar was informed and went into the gar
den. When he shook the negro he open
ed his eyes and pretended not to know
where he was AT" Asked how he
came there, he gave two or three differ
ant explanations. One of the missing
chickens was dead under him. He
could not find his hat for time and said
that he had snapped his hat for a
chicken When his hat was found un-
der a collard, the negro saw it was all
up with him, and the policeman locked
him up.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
THE REPUBLICAN LEAGUE.
The State Convention Called to Meet in
Raleigh on October Goth.

According to the plan of organization
the State convention of the Republican
League Of North Carolina is called to
meet in the city Of Raleigh on Wednes-
day, the Goth Of October, 1898, at 4
D. m.
The ratio of representation shall be
one Delegate from each Republican
club, and one additional delegate for ev-
cry fifty members. The president, Sec
rotary and treasurer of each county
league shall also be ex-officio delegates,
and all credentials should be signed by
the President of their respective county
leagues.
Arrangement have been perfected by
which the convention will be addressed
by some leading young Republicans.
Warren V. Hall is president of the
State League and Thos. S. Rollins is sec
rotary.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
NEXT GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK.
Judge Augustus Van Wyck is Wen
Known in Raleigh.

Judge Augustus Van Wyck, the Demo-
cratic nominee for Governor of the State
o. New York, is, like his brother, Mayor
Robert A. Van Wyck, Of Greater New
York. graduate of the University of
North Carolina. He captured nearly all
the prizes at college and won great re-
putation as a speaker. He was class
mate Of Hannis Taylor, late Minister to
Spain. He was one of the founders
there Of the Zeta Psi fraternity. His
mother was one of the distinguished
Maverick family of South Carolina, and
Judge Van Wyck was born at Augusta,
Georgia. in the ancestral halls of the
Mavericks. When only Il years of age
lie married a Southern lady Of great
beauty and charming manners.
Mrs II. +. Hoke, of this city, is a sis
ter of Judge Van Wyck and he has
visited her here. Though this was some
ten years or more ago, when he delivered
an address at the University, there are
many people in Raleigh now who met
him and remember him well. Though
somewhat reserved in manner he is said
said to be the most approachable OF
men, courteous TO all and aifable as Ma
ture itself.
Raleigh reioices in Judge Van Wyck' $
nomination and hopes he may be elected.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
SUPREME COURT.

The appeals from the Third Judicial
District will be called on Tuesday of
next week October 11th), in the follow
ing order:
State VS. Arlington, State VS.. Craft,
Evans VIII case, Thompson VS.. Thomp
son, Harper VS.. Commissioners, Shclburn
VS.. Joyner.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
TO REGISTER AN IDIOT.
Attempt of Wilmington Negroes to Bull
doze Registrars.

doze Registrars.
The Wilmington Messenger says that
on Saturday a riot was nearly precipi-
tated by an attempt on the part of negro
toughs to register a negro who had been
adjudged insane by jury. Drake,
an imbecile, attempted to regis
ter and was, of course, refused.
He became boisterous, but no
attention was paid to him, as he was
known to be irresponsible. A crowd of
negro toughs, however, gathered and at
tempted to bulldoze the registrars. Sev-
eral white men who were present, Rev.
j. w. Kramer, pastor of the Brooklyn
Baptist church, among the number, tried
to quiet the negroes, who turned on
them, abusing them most foully. by
the time the gentlemen reached the side
walk mob of a hundred negroes had
gathered and made threats freely. The
white men stood their ground, however,
and nothing was done. One of the ne
groes accosted Rev. Kramer later say
ing it would do him good ito slap the
Jaws of every white man." Rev. Kramer
advised the negro not to try the ex-
pertinent on him and he took the advice.
he Messenger characterized the scene
as a disgrace to a civilized community.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
FUNERAL OF MISS HAWKINS.
1t Took Place from Christ Church Yes
terday Afternoon-In terment in Oak
wood


terday -Interment in Oak
wood.
Miss Jane Hawkins died at the resi-
dence of Col. A. b. Andrews Sunday
morning at 7:40 o'clock.
She was an aunt of Col. A. B. An
drews and Mr. Phil III. Andrews, Of this
city, and was most estimable lady,
and her death will be heard with sincere
regret by large number of friends.
Miss Hawkins was a native of Frank
lin county, but has resided in this city
for number of years. She has Gcen IN
declining health for some time.
The funeral was held from Christ
church yesterday afternoon at O'Clock,
and the service conducted by Rev. /.
Mex. Pittinger At the grave there was
a song service by the choir. The in
torment was made in lakewood.
The following were the honorary pail
bearers: JOS. B. Bachelor Esq, lien.
James Il. Shepherd, r. H. Battle, ESQ.,,
Col Thomas S. Kenan. DIR. v. H.
Turner, Chas II. johnson, Esq. Il. u.
Busbee, ESD. Chas. G. Latta, Esq.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
AN ATTRACTIyE HOME.

The ladies of Raleigh who are inter-
ested in home furnishing and decorating
gill have access today to a store carrying
everything in the line of modern require
ments. My samples are open for in
spection at No. 13 w. Hargett street
from a. m. TO p m. This is carpet
day. No charge whatever for making
and laying. The curtains and draperies
yill interest you also. Entirely new lines
and the prices will agreeably surprise
yoth
r. s. WHITE,
Representing Minch & Eisenbrey, Bal
timore.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04

FOR SALE OR CHARTER bar
gain. Handsome passenger propeller, in
every way first class. Fully equipped.
Licensed 175. Address, Steamboat Co.,
New Brunswick, n. J.
10-2-ft
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04

fast. / remained in this condition
almost two years. In DR.. Hartman $
female book / found case just like
mine and wrote to him for advice.
"My friends and neighbors never ex-
pected to see me well again; but thank
God and DR.. Hartman for my recovery.
/ am able to be up and assist in my
household duties. / did not improve
as rapidly as some have read of; but
my case was of such long standing,
and, as the doctors said, very much
complicated, l could not expect a
rapid recovery. / think my recovery
is surprise to every one that knew
me. can eat anything without pain"
Mary f. Bartholomew, st. Francis
vile, Ill.
Dir. Hartpian, Columbus, O., will pre-
scribe for fifty thousand women this
year free Of charge. All women suffer
ing from female troubles or any disease
of the mucous membrane. may have DIR.
Hartman's private counsel without cost.
Send for special question blank for
women.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
RELIEF IN SIX HOURS.

Distressing Kidney and Bladder dis
eases relieved in six hours by New
Great South American Kidney Cure"
1t Is a great surprise on account OF ifs
exceeding promptness in relieving pain
in bladder, kidneys and back, in male or
female. Relieves retention of water al
most Immediately. If you want quick re-
lief and cure this is the remedy. Sold
by Heart 81 Heart, druggists, Raleigh,
NC.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04

Man of some capital to handle our
paint products in Raleigh. win pay sal
airy to party who can sell the goods
Prices to meet competition. Address,
Consolidated, 16 w. Market ST., Indian
apolis. Ind.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
WANTED.

Wanted by Baltimore Wholesale
Dry Goods and Notion House, expert
enced travellers and statesmen for East
ern North Carolina, Western North Caro-
lima and Northwestern South Carolina.
Only those with established trade, and
can come well recommended, need APP
ply. Address, Dry Goods, care Mil
bourne Advertising Agency, Baltimore
Md. 9-17-1 m
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
WANTED.

An Electrical Engineer, thoroughly
competent to take the active and practi-
cal control of a City Electric Light
Plant Must be absolutely temperate;
thoroughly competent and not afraid of
work. Testimonials required. Address,
&C" care of News and Observer.
9-30-1w
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
A. & NJ. STUDENT DIES.

Mr.. Ralph Bingham Sykes. of Rock
Springs, Orange county, died Saturday
of typhoid fever. He was young man
and a student of the A. and NJ. College.
He went home sick few days ago.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
Business Notices.
HELP WANTED-FEMALE.

Ladies to embroider pillow covers;
sent to your home; good pay; send reply
envelope for particulars and sample.
Manhattan Embroidery Co, 1913 Water
St, New York. 1t
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
WANTED.

Speciality sa1esmae, experienced tray
cling statesmen of good address and abil-
ity. Box 160., Asheylle, N. @.
26-6t
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN.

A good paying Hote property. Terms
easy. For further particulars, address
II. W. Lassiter, Oxford, N. G. oct13m
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04

WANTED-To lease or buy on easy
terms secondhand newspaper outfit,
large enough to print 7-column paper.
Box 80, Carthage, n. G. 1t
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
FOR SALE.

Black pony, four years old. Apply to
j. H. Allen, Forestville, N. G.
1925
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04

Nature has demonstrated that only the
tit survive. Our thirty years OK sue
cesgful business prove that
ROYSTER'S CANDY
Is a survival Of the fittest.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04
ANNUAL CONVENTION w. C. T. u,
RICHMOND, VA, OCTOBER 4TH-
7TH, 1898.

On account of the above occasion the
Seaboard Air Line will sell round trip
tickets to Richmond, Va, and return at
rate OF four (4) cents per mile one way
for the round trip. Tickets to be sold
October End, 3rd, and 18th. final limit,
October It'll.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1898-10-04

WANTED--C Competent printer wants
a position on daily or weekly paper. \"
Carthage, N. G.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1898-09-24

that of 1863, of which class Walter IT., Smyth, son of Judge Smyth, and Cap tain Uriah N. Parnelee, from whom Parmelee Post is named, were also members.
 Judge L. P. Daming is expecting to leave next week for Caribou, Me, on a hunting and fishing trip.
 The parish house of Christ church, West Haven, was the scene Thursday night Of a reception to MT. and Mrs. r. w. Dickerman in honor of the tenth anniversary of their wedding. The rooms were prettily decorated with gol- den rod and Gates orchestra played for dancing Supper was served at half past 10 o'clock. Among the guests who numbered about one hundred, were present.: The Rev. and Mrs. R. N. Gesner, MT and Mrs, Coe, Mrs. John Clark, Mrs. Stormont, MT. and Mrs. Palmer, Mrs. Chauncey Allen, Mrs. George Allen, MT. and Mrs. Roberts, Mrs. Hubbard, Mrs. Breeze. MT. and Mrs, Frank B. Hitchcock of East Haven have just returned from a weeks visit at Fair Ground, Hunting ton, l., I. They were the guests of A. s, Petit, who formerly lived in New Haven, but is now located at Fair Ground. where he is postmaster and conducts feed. coal and grocery busi- ness In connection with the office. MT. and Mrs Hitchcock report a splendid t1me
The daily morning journal and courier., 1898-09-24
PERSONAL MENTION.

A. w. Sperry, civil engineer, firm of Bogart &. .Sperry, has had charge of as- sembling and mounting the big guns on Plum Island, and the work was so sat- isfactory to the government that he was placed in charge of the work on Gull Island also.
 Attorney Edward G. Buckland of this city has been elected a director of the New York, Providence and Boston Rail- way company. The fun board is as fol- lows: Charles P. Clark, Charles F. Choate, J. H. Benton, Jr., w. F. Chamberlain, F. s. Curtiss and Edward G, Buckland.
 The condition of Corporal Penney of Battery c, son of Attorney Penney, is somewhat improved and hopes of his recovery are now entertained. The fever is not strong and his temperature is lower.
 Private Sherman of West Haven con- tinues very low with typhoid fever.
 Reuben E. Hill of Clinton has sold his racing vessel. the Tethys, to w. E. Peck, secretary of the Sachem's Head Yacht club.
 Hon. George E. Lounsbury, who was last week nominated for governor by the republican convention at New Ha- ven, was a classmate in Yale, says the Shore Line Times, of Rev. George w. Banks, J. Futile Wildman and Henry P. Robinson. Their class in college was
The daily morning journal and courier., 1898-09-24
FOUR BOXES DID TIT.
Remarkable Success. ofa New Pile Cure.

People who have suffered for months or years from the pain and inconven- fence of that common disorder, piles. will look with skepticism upon the claims of the makers of the new discov- cry for cure of all forms of piles, known under the name of Pyramid Pile Cure; nevertheless the extraordinary cures performed by this remedy are such as to warrant the Investigation of any sufferer. As @ case in point the following letter speaks for itself,
 MT. Henry Thomas of sub-station NO. 3, Hosack avenue, Columbus, Ohio, writes as follows:
 Pyramid Drug Go. :-
 Gentlemen-I want you to use my name if 1t will be of any use to you I was so bad with the piles that lost work on that account Nothing did me any good. I read in Cincinnati of the many cures of piles by the Pyramid Pile Cure and I went to a drug store and asked for it. The drug clerk told me that he had something else that he thought was better, but told him that l wanted to try the Pyramid first.
 The first box helped me so much that 1 NAiSu otilOIilSI dtlu ILell tU COifplSlC the cure used two more boxes, making four in all. I am now completely cured. Have not trace of piles and I had suffered for four years with the worst form of protruding piles.
 I suffered death from piles, but I have found the Pyramid Pile Cure to be just as represented. I have recommended Tit to several of my friends, and I am thankful to be able to write you what good the remedy has done for me"
 Physicians recommend the Pyramid Pile Cure because it contains no opium, cocaine, or mineral poison of any kind, and because it Is so safe and pleasant to use, being painless and applied at night The patient isscured in sur- prisingly short time with no inconverf- fence whatever.
 The Pyramid Pile Cure Is sold by druggists at 50 cents per paakage and if there is any constipation it is well to use the Pyramid Pills at the same time with the Pile Cure, as constipation is very often the cause of piles and the pills effectually remove the costive con- dition. Price of pills is 25 cents per package.
 Write to Pyramid Drug Co.,, Marshall, Mtch., for little book on cause and cure of piles; sent by mail free.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1898-09-24
ST. JOHNS CADETS.

In January of this year Rev. Father Mccarthy of St. Johns established a boys brigade or cadet company, in St Johns parish. As the time Went on the boys became well versed and also mas- ters of military tactics. On June g, 1898, they attended the annual field day of the c. T. A. U. of Connecticut, held in Derby, Conn. There they en- tered three prize contests and secured the three, which consisted of a hand some silk banner, silver cup and a magnificent silver water set. The three prizes are valued at from $75 to $100.
 The same cadets also were success full in the contest for a banner held in Wallingford, Conn.,, last Labor day.
 The spiritual director was Rev Father Heating and much credit is due to him and also to Rev. Father Coyle, under whose supervision the boys are managed.
 Captain Fitzgerald claims that he has the best boys brigade In this state and with the assistance of the officers of the Sarsdeld and Messrs. Maher and Spencer, he will build up com pany equal If not superior to any in the United States.