davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

1t is now possible for the human eye
to see an object magnified SO0O'Oo'
times. Heretofore 10000 times has been
the limit But Professor Elmer Gates,
of Washington. has found that sec
ond microscope can be used to view
and magnify again a small part of the
image produced by the first microscope.
The eye canuot. of course, see tho
image directly but it can see a repro
duction of the image, and thus micro
scopy is carried as far beyond the pres
ent art as it is itself beyond the power
of the eye Here is Professor Gates
own story of his discovery:
Il have recently improved the per-
Torrance of the microscope by remov-
ing from the detectives and oculars all
those supplementary lenses which are
used to correct chromatic alteration.
and 1 have also succeeded in obtaining
a magnification of the surface details
of Opaque objects by new method.
The old method consisted of focusing
upon the upper surface of the opaque
object on the microscopic slide the pro-
iecting beams of light from bulls eye
condenser.
'sOf course the rays under these cir
cumstances are reflected diYergently
and enter the objective while diverg
ing, but the objective has been made to
utilize parallel rays and hence good
definition has not been obtained By
the new method | reflect a parallelized
beam of light from the surface of the
OPAQUE object, and catch the reflected
beam with the microscope so that it
shall enter the instrument parallel to
its longitudinal axis; the result is very
great detail; but when use light near
the upper end of the spectrum, I find
that most opaque objects are slightly
transparent, and / have succeeded in
focusing a sixth-inch objective upon
a muscle cell in my own finger and can
see the cell distinctly through the three
skin layers and the sub-cutaneous cal
lu1ar tissue. / can even see a bone cell
in my finger indistinctly by this meth
3D.
II have demonstrated to a great
aumber of people that with a half-inch
lens in the second microscope and a
one-sixth in the first, I can get much
greater detail and much greater mag
MITIGATION than can be obtained with
a twenty fifth-inch oil immersion OBJ
jective.
II use the best known form Of micro
scope and prepare the slides and slie-
ings and stainings in the usual way;
and focus and illuminate so as to get
the c1earest magnffication of the object,
when viewed through the usual ocular.
Then I remove the outer lens of the
ocular.
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

dred and sixty thousandth as strong as
it was previously, and the natural eye
cannot see the second magnification
because the light is too weak Yet af-
ter remaining several hours in COM
pletely darkened room, the eye can see
such magnification very family.
when a sensitive plate Is put in
place of the eye, it acts cumulatfvely;
the faint light rays which the eye can
not see fall hour by hour upon the
plate, and slowly accumulate enough
effect to make a visible picture The
structural lines which in the image of
the first microscope are too near to-
gether to be photographed as distinct
objects, are in the image of the second
microscope six hundred times farther
apart, and so do not blend by diffusion
and irradiation.
1T is not very difficult to distinguish
on good photomicrograph, made by
best modern methods, lines which in
the original object are not more than
one ten thousandth of a millimeter
apart, but much beyond this limit the
microscope and the photo micrograph
refuse to go, because the images of
these lines on the sensitive plate affect
the photo-salts in the space between
them, in consequence of diffusion and
irradiation.
'The instrument just described opens
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20
Copyright. 1898.
A Wandering Minstrel,s Humor.

n wandering Nl1nSrelS t1umof,
The MINISTRIES of ireland are not all
gone from the highways and byways
of Erin. The mournful harp and plain
tive pipe may have given way to the
breezy banjo and grooming violin, but
the songs which these accompany. are
the songs of Ireland still. Down by the
rotten Claddagh wharves of old Gal
way town l came upon a rapt audience,
says a well known traveller. en-
thralled by the dulcet notes of Tim
Brennan, the wandering minstrel of
| Tipperary''-one of the sweetest sing
ers I ever heard, and one who would
have been great We're it not for his love
of "the cinder in it" as they aptly term
the West of Ireland mountain dew.
had seen Tim many times before
in ireland. Our trafnpings had brought
us into the same relations of artist and
responsive auditor so many times that,
as he tipped me a contrasting wink of
recognition, and l noticed that his vio-
lin had been replaced by the temper
any though ample musical makeshift
Of banjo wrought from the head of
am ancient Irish churn. In the pause
following his ballad, I felt embroidered
to toss him back his wink with the
query:
And, Tim, why didn't you bring the
churn with it's head?"
'Faith, Yer Honor" he replied, in a
flash, and with a winsone smile, hold
ing the ehurn-head banjo aloft so all
could see, faith, never argue wild a
lady-an Yer Honor, a boutd Irish
woman stud ait its other ind!''
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

hardship of the journey to the gold
fields. 1t will also reduce the cost OF
such a journey one-third.
Another fact of interest relative to
this road is that it is the longest of all
the tramways in existence. Hereto
fore there have been lines as long as
three and four miles, and the length
dWindles down from that to few hun
dred feet; so this is by far the greatest
achievement in the tramway building
line yet recorded.
The passengers on the line will suffer
a little from cold weather, it is likely,
for on Chilkoot Pass the summer would
seem no summer at all to persons I'M
accustomed to those northern ATTITUDES
The blizzard that recently swept down
upon the United States is a first cousin
to every day weather in Chilkoot. The
novice can understand from this some
thing of the danger that the gold seek
ers who trudge over Chilkoot to the
Klondike had to face.
The building of the line is in itself a
triumph both of engineering and of for
tftude. The topography of the section
over which the tramway runs is such
as to preclude the possibility of con-
structing an ordinary railroad line.
Locomotives can climb Pixies Peak:
they can circle around the loop up past
Georgetown to Graymount il Colorado:
but when it comes to the task of going
through Chilkoot Pass, the locomotive
must stand aside and give way to the
tramway.
The men who constructed the latter
had to bear in mind that the supports
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

record has been lowered, but the Roch-
ester ffremen made their run at a regu-
lation fire. and the timing thereof was
an accident. This time, which is des-
tined to become famous, is 70 seconds
from the moment the alarm was struck
in until water was thrown from the
nozzle at the end of the line of hose.
1t so happened that this department,
of which John Boylhart is Chief, has
no engine to bother with, for the water
power has sufficient force to throw
stream over the highest building in the
place, rendering an engine unnecessary.
The other day the alarm struck in
just as a member of the Rochester DO
lice force stepped into the. fire house.
The happy thought struck this police
man of timing the run, and so, without
saying anything to the firemen, he
noted the exact moment when the bell
sounded, and started at once for the
scene of the fire, three blocks distant,
Within 20 seconds from the time the
policeman looked at his watch, the
stream of water was playing on the
fire. This is what Chief BoyIhart has
to say concerning the event:
I'm regard to that run of ours. 7
should like to have it understood that
it was not trial run to see what time
we could make, but straight fire
alarm; and the distance was three
blocks, or little more, from the en-
CINE house. The time, from the sound
ing of the bell until we were throwing
water, was just one minute and ten
seconds.
you see, we have been making good
time right along, and people have been
so kind as to think that we were I'M
usually speedy; so considerable inter-
est has been taken in our performances.
Nevertheless, we have not sought for
records, but merely acted on the prin-
ciple that should actuate every fireman,
that the quicker the time he makes,
the better is he performing his duty"
Copyright, 1898.
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

Sheep Camp over Chilkoot Pass and
down to Crater Lake, a distance of
three miles and a half
1t must not be supposed that. regular
passenger cars travel on these lires.
The aerial tramway is more like the
system by which the little change boxes
are circulated around a great store
than the ordinary railroad The ac-
companying illustration indicates just
how the miners and their outfits will
be carried. Primarily, the tramway is
for freight. because it is in the trans
portation of freight that the greatest
profit lies, but passengers will be per-
mitted to journey with the goods &C.
.caslonally, provided they are willing
to endure the very rude accommoda-
ton that such method of travelling
affords.
Hugh C, Wallace, President Of the
Chilkoot Railroad and Transport Com
pany. fixes the minimum capacity of
the road at 120 tons of freight per day.
No estimate is made as to passengers,
but it is the Company's expectation
that each day there will be carried the
outfits of from 400 to 500 miners. mas
much as it is estimated that fully rs. 900
miners, or would-be miners, will try to
enter the Klondike the coming season
by way of Dyea, one can imagine that
this queer but very convenient railway
will be kept rather busy.
1t may seem at first that the line is
a very short one for so much to be
made of it, but what it really accom-
plishes may best be understood when il
/ is considered that under previous con-
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

THE first microscope takes the light
from very small object and spreads
it over an area of sensitive plate one
hundred million times as great as the
area Of the object from which it comes,
hence the eight has only one hundred
millionth of the intensity with which it
started from the object. The light is
already too weak to photograph with.
if the best results are desired. But if
we select some small area of this faint
image and subject 1t to another mag
MITIGATION of six hundred additional
diameters, the light becomes further
weakened until it is only one three hun
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

of their aerial transportation line must
be of such nature and of sufficient
strength, to preclude even the posi-
bility of accident. Disaster in the
vicinity of the Chilkoot would mean
the destruction of all the freight and
the loss of all the lines on the train.
During the construction the weather
was fearful, and the hardships the
workmen were forced to endure were
in some instances almost equal to those
of Arctic explorers.
Stout hearts and strong bodies have
at last, however won the day, and the
emigrant bound Klondikewards need nc
longer dread the terrors of the Chill
koot In fact, the building of this aerial
line is almost as great boon to the
Klondike region as was the completion
of the first railroad over which pas
sengers could travel to the Gateway OF
the Pacific.
1ono
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

instrumental pieces, other than exer-
cises written or arranged especially for
it. One rarely Gf ever hears popular
airs played upon the guitar.
Carl Brown, a resident of Columbus,
o., the inventor of the harp-guitar,
conceived the guitar to be deficient,
and especially so for the use of anna
teurs, for in order to play even ordinary
exercises the pupil must spend consid-
cradle time, money for instruction, and
in order really to accomplish anything
must become familiar. with the entire
finger board and a discouraging num-
Der of difficult chords.
To simplify the matter, Mr.. Brown
decided to employ a larger number of
treble strings, and in such a manner
that, when playing, one could at all
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20
A NEW GUITAR.
(a'redthe ''HarD-Guitar" and Said
to Possess Great Advantages.

A new stringed instrument has re-
Gently made its appearance, and is con-
sidered by those who have examined it
to be a radical improvement on the
time-honored guitar
1t is the harp-guitar, and is really a
combination of the two instruments,
one of which carries the air, the other
the accompaniment.
It's music resembles that OF the con-
cert autoharp. The volume of sound is
nearly double that of the guitar and
has a distinctive and superior quality.
In shape, the harp-guitar has the ap-
pearance of the guitars of the olden
time, the body being pear-shaped, and
with the usual sounding board and
swelled back. The fingerboard is like
that of the guitar. instruments are
also to be made with the regular guitar
body.
The harp-guitar has ten strings. Six
of. these resemble those on the guitar.
Parallel to the four large strings,
about sixteenth of an inch to the left
(from the bridge toward the head) is
small or treble string, which is tuned
an exact octave above it's companion.
The manner of producing chords on
the harp-guitar is the same as upon
the guitar, but the method employed in
playing instrumental selections or solos
is different; the air is picked on the
double strings with the thumb, while
the accompaniment Simple guitar
chords is played on all other available
strings with unoccupied fingers, and
thumb.
The effect of playing the air on dou-
BILE strings tuned an octave apart is felt
as soon as heard. This effect may be
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

ent substance of the film. To these two
causes is due the fact that when the
details of two structures are too close
together in the image of an object
these structures will photograph as
one, and thus the detail will be lost.
The line Of demarcation between
them will, in the film of the sensitive
plate, be obliterated by the irradiated
and diffused light. This is why all de-
tails below certain size are lost in a
photomicrograph. The space between
two points that are too close together
on film is acted on by the light ir-
radiated by these points. The two
points are separated by magnifcation
to such distance that when the photo
graph is made the irradiation will not
cover the space between the points.
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

times combine the ordinary guitar
chords with the air.
A series of experiments developed
even better results than had been an
ticipated. Within a couple of months
the inventor was able to play over one
hundred popular melodies in various
keys, carrying full guitar accom-
paniment. Previous to this he could
play only a few chords and a half a
dozen simple exercises, such as the
Spanish Fandango."
The instrument, with the revised
method of execution, not only enables
amateurs to become quickly proficient
in an art which has heretofore taken
much time and study, but opens a new
field for the professional guitarist If
desired, the method for playing may be
reversed and the instrument played as
guitar.
Copyright, 459S.
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

an entirely new domain in several sci
ences, and it will require years of earn
est work to go over the new fields. The
application of the new method to the
telescope has been demonstrated, and
when once the instrument is completed
it will produce results far beyond any
hitherto obtained.
1.-THE new microscope is already prov
ing of great interest to medical re-
search, and we may expect to arrive at
knowledge of life which would have
been unattainAble but for this discov-
cry. ELMER GATES"
Copyright, 1898.
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

lofts for white African owls, and those
for the colored stock
A large hallway runs through the
building from the operating room. In
it are kept the feed boxes, which are
supplied by chutes from the bins on:
the third floor. This third floor is de-
voted to several lofts for white Chinese
owls, for cocks and hens and for col
ored birds. Here also are the mating
coops and the sick pens"
In each loft are two large windows
facing the south, and aviaries in which
the birds can disport themselves and
get fresh air. Perches are fastened to
the walls, and shelves are erected along
the sides of the lofts. The drinking
fountains and baths consist of long iron
basins, through which water flows
constantly; this insures a fresh sup
ply always.
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

uses it as a home for his African owls.
1t must not be supposed that this pig
con house is anything tremendous in
size, for it is but "a by 80 feet. Still,
as the accompanying illustration shows,
it is a model in it's way, and quite
big enough for small family to live
in comfortably. The conveniences are
certainly superior to those of many
modern houses.
The first floor contains a loft for
birds of the 1897 breed, and for the
heating plant, for hot water pipes
keep the loft warm in the winter. The
second floor is divided into three COM
partments, the operating room, the
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES hHllH
5iWTiEO HWUDJE( !
100000 INES

real image so as to exhibit in it details
which cannot be seen when this real
image is viewed through the ocular of
the first microscope.
This is due not only to the special
powers of the second microscope, but tc
an advantage which have taken OF
a unique fact in photography namely.
that when two lines, markings, or col
ors in an image are too close together,
the sensitive plate will not record them
as two but as one. Thus, when / ruled
two lines upon metal plate very near
each other the image of these lines
thrown by camera upon sensitive
plate would irradiate in the film, and
the picture would show only one line.
The line of light falling on the
photo-salt in the film spreads by mole
cular irradiation over more area than
the actual width of the line of light,
and there is also diffused reflection of
this line Of light by the semi transpar-
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20
LARGEST AERIAL TRANNAY in THE WORLD.
Has just Been Completed Across te Dreaded (hoOt Pass Expected
ACCOMPLISH

The first railroad of the Klondil1e has
been completed. 1t is a railroad and
yet not railroad, in that it is an
aerial tramway; but it will answer a
great purpose, for it solves the most
fearful problem Of the overland jour
ney to the New Eldorado-how to cross
Chilkoot Pass in ease and safety
The tramway starts at Dyea, which
is the end of the nearest part water
route from the United States to the
hlondike. From this point it is neces-
sary for the emigrant to journey full
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

ditions, even in fairly good weather, it
has taken q miner thirty days to make
the journey that the tramway makes
possible in Il few hours. 1t therefore
saves just about a month of the trip
to the Klondike,-quite saving when
it is considered that Dawson City is
1,437 miles from Seattle.
Men who know-experienced miners
and prospectors in Alaska and the
country north-declare that the re-
moval of this difficulty really marks the
disappearance of the greatest peril and
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20
Here S a Palace
Built for Owls

There is a pigeon loft in Allentown,
Pa, which at first glance might be mis-
taken for a handsome dwelling. In
fact, there are very, very many persons
in this world of ours whose homes are
not nearly as pleasant or we'll built as
this structure, which was erected by
George w. Eckert, of Allentown.
1t is a pigeon loft, but Mr.. Eekert,
who is very well known as a breeder,
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20
Prof. Gales Describes
His Marvellous Microscope.

1T can be shown that the virtual
image produced by the ocular and eye,
although it looks much larger than the
real image, adds no new details to the
real image. This fact is known to many
modern mieroscopists. 1 therefore use
the real image as the starting point
for my new microscope.
Il bring down upon this real image,
or focal plane the objective of my sec
ond microscope, and thus magnify the
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

graves Of prospectors in much the
same fashion that the old route to
California was fairly "blazed out"
through the desert and the wilderness
by the resting places of the toilers who
died While pursuing their perilous jour
ney.
It is at Dyea that the tramway be-
gins. The. first section runs to the
mouth of what is called Dyea canon.
Thence another aerial tramway runs
for a-distance of four miles to Sheep
Camp. The third section runs from
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

modified so that the air sounds in clear
treble or bass, as desired.
One may at all times retain the left
hand in one position, that for playing
the ordinary guitar chords. AS is well
known, the guitar is an instrument up
on which comparatively few can play
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

The breeding arrangements are Of the
very pest The nesting boxes are on
une moor and each one has a movable
glass front coop Behind the boxes
run the hot water pipes; this keeps
them dry and warm. Each, nesting
pace mas the number and pedigree of
each pair, which Mr.. Eckert lxeens
IN book especially provided for tbat
purpose Each bird is marked vita,
a conference band and a. private loft
number. ---'a-l- -
Copyright 1898, by Bachelor Syndicate.
There are 1880 students in Meth
oaist schools in this country.
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20
QUICKEST RUN
Ever Made bu Fire Company in
Response to Real Alarm,

A new fire department speed record
has been made by the firemen of Roch-
ester, Mimi, which is likely to stand
first for some little time. It is possibly
true that at the competitions in which
the fire companies participated this
Worcester morning daily spy. (Worcester, Mass.) 1888-1898, 1898-02-20

No one wishes to become a creator of
lies, and yet he who hears SANDERS
with pleasure, and believes them with
readiness, will hatch many brood into
active life.