The San Francisco call., 1898-05-30
MARTIAL LAW
 IS EXPLAINED Instructions as to Con- duct in the Field ISSUED TO THE COMMANDERS. A VERY CLEAR EXPOSITION OF
 MILITARY USAGE. Every Feature Covered in These Rules, Which Were Adopted by
 France and Prussia
 Years Ago.
ISSUED TO THE COMMANDERS.
A VERY CLEAR EXPOSITION OF
 MILITARY USAGE.
Call Office, Riggs House, Washington. May 29.

| NS'lA OAiNO, iSiSGo A1ChoS | Washington, May 29. | General law No. 100, of April 4, 1863
 comprising instructions for the govern
 ment of marines in the field, has been
 reissued and is being sent to the var ious commanders for their guidance. These instructions were adopted by both France and Prussia in the war between those countries five years af- ter the civil contest here, and were the basis upon which a general European l conference afterward acted in drawing
 up an agreement on this subject. The instructions cover almost every con-
 cefvable feature of military conduct
 and usage in time of war. They en-
 brace ten sections, as follows:
 Section 1-Martial law, military jurfs-
 diction, military necessity of retaliation.
 Section 2-Public and private property
 Of the enemy, protection of persons and
 especially of women, of religion, the arts
 and sciences and punishment of crimes
 against the inhabitants of hostile coun-
 tries.
 Section 3-Deserters, prisoners of war,
 hostages, booty on the battlefield.
 Section APartisans, armed enemies not
 belonging to the hostile army, scouts,
 armed providers, war rebels.
 Section 5-Safe conduct, spies, war trait
 ors, captured messengers, abuse of the
 flag of truce.
 Section 6-EXchange Of prisoners, flags of truce, flags of protection.
 Section 7-The parole.
 Section S-Armistice, capitulation-
 Section 9-Assassination.
 Section 10-InSurrection, civil war re- bellion
 Martial law is explained as simply military authority exercised in accord ance with the laws under usages of war It extends to property and to per sons, whether subjects of the enemy or Q of hot feasible martial law is carried out in cases of individual offenders by mili- tary courts: but sentences of death shall be executed only with the ap- proVal of the chief executive, provided the urgency of the case does not re- quire speedier execution, and then only with the approval of the chief commander. Military necessity admits of all direct destruction of life or limb Of armed enemies and of other per sons whose destruction is incidentally unavoidable" in the armed contests of the war. Military necessity does not admit of cruelty-that is, the infiiction of suffering for the sake of suffering or for revenge, nor of maiming or wounding except in fight, nor of tor ture to extort confessions. It admits of deception, but disclaims acts of per fdy
 When a commander of besieged places expels the non combatants in or der to lessen the number of those who consume his stock of provisions, it is lawful, though an extreme measure, to drive them back so as to hasten on the surrender. Commanders, when ever admissible, inform the commander of their intention to Lombard a place, but it is no infraction of the common law of war to omit thus to inform them. Surprise may be necessity prx1 l@ a measure of mere revenge, but only as means of protective retribution, and moreover, cautiously and unavoid- ably.
 A victorious army appropriates all public money, Seizes all public movable property until further directed by its and sequesters for it's own benefit or that of it's Government all the revenues of real property belonging to the hostile government or nation. The title to such property remains in abey- ance during military occupation and until the conquest is made complete The United States acknowledges and protects in hostile countries occupied by them, religion and morality; strictly private property; the persons of the in nabitants and especially those of and the sacredness of domestic relations.
 Deserters from the American army having entered the service of the enemy suffer death if they fall into the hands If the United States. It is against the | usage of modern war to resolve in | hatred and revenge to give no quarter. | 0utposts or sentinels or pickets are not | -o be fired upon except to drive them h. or when a positive order, special or general order has been issued to that | effect. Whoever Intentionally inflicts additional wounds on an enemy already wholly disabled. or kills him, or orders that this shall be done, shall suffer leath if convicted.