The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1898-12-09

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10 "a Htrn
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iarK fWf Huinl pniIfe'F tn CO..
matte InIlfu.e. HH.I ana Hfm sphHff
trnIH.iatuit. Huf thrY hIs sii f.suE.
u'fei Ha muH imislslan prod spssinf
factors la ihe aesolopmsn' ~ iic ~.
ease fHf 81 d usnalik found especially
Nhen 5uihrssks o,sr ans nHmb.r ~
animals 1oUW u IuN damn. marshY
Countries dur.nf thp Nafm sasssns ID
.s mora frtq4fut 'n disirlct where
mafshs lands dry Uut durna ihf heal
of summer aal are then covered Nth
IEhi raius. neoaying vegetable mat
iar se.ms most favorable for nourlsh-
inr aud preserving the Vlras
The direct cause of anthrax Is al
Ways oon,aEion or infection Of pre-
Niously sound animal. either directly
'rpm diseased an nal or through var
ious media which contain eNCTptiGns or
/ the debris from she body Of pre-
yiously infected animal When
eliminated from the animal iu the eN-
sretions. OF when EXPOSED TO outside
Influences by the death of the animal
ana the disinteGration of the tissues
the body Of the rod IL destroyed and
the spoTes only remain. These spores
which are the germs Of the virus. re-
tain their vitality for long period
they resist ordinary putrefaction: they
are unchanged by moisture and they
are not Affected by moderate heat. II
scattered with the debris Of dead
animal on the surface OF the ground.
they may remain around the roots 81
the grass in q pasture, or may he
| washed 20 the nearest lOw-lyine
ground or marsh. II buried I'm the
body OF an animal dead from anthrax
they may bs washed deep In ihe
ground, and In later years Gin one
proven case seventeen years. be
brought 10 the surface and infect 9th
er animals. They are frequently
brought 10 the surface OF the earth
having been swallowed by earth.
worms, IN the bodies OF which they
have been found
This accounts FOR the outbreaks a
the time Of the first rains after dry
season. During the latter the earth,
worm goes deep In the ground IL
search Of moisture. Il finds the spOr.
which has been washed there IN pas
years, swallows II, aud brings II TO tn,
surface, when the rain furni shed tn,
moisture which drives the worm itsel
from It's deeper home. The virus q
carried with the wool from infecte,
sheep and remains in Il through tn
I process OF manufacture into cloth. Tn
r spores remain in the hides Of animal
> which have died OF anthrax and retail
their vitality throughout months o
= soaking In the tanners pits the work
= ing OF the harness-maker or the cob
/ bier and after the oiling OF the com
r pleted leather. The dried spores II
the dust from any OF these product
? may IT. carried by the atmosphere.
? Infection OF an animal takes plac
r through incubation or contact OF th
! bacillus or It's spores with an abrade
= surface or mucous membrane on
, sound animal. In an infected distric
' horses may eat the rieh pasturage q
y spring and early summer with impun
D ity. but when grass becomes low the
4 crop II close to the ground. pull up Tn
roots around which the virus may b
lodged, and under these conditions tn
l. animals are NOR. apt to have abra
lslons ID inc lips Ut loueuc w Couios
1 with dried stubble and the dirt on IN
: roots. which fayors the introductio
Of the germs into the system. Tn
n virus may he introduced with food an
enter the blood-vessel system from tn
a stomach and intestines. II cOntafne
= In the dust, dried hay, or on III
: parched pasture OF late summer. III
n virus may be inhaled and be absorbe
g from the lining OF the lungs II COZ
g tanned in harness leather, II needs bI
an abrasion Of the skin. as the hal
e ness rubs II, TO transfer the spOre froi
Is the leather 10 the circulation OF III
q animal.