The daily morning journal and courier., 1898-07-25

place, the universal wood fire, and the tinderboN; for I saw the light dozen years before the first friction match emitted light, I heard the hum Of the spinning-wheel, and have seen the shuttle fly back and forth in the hand loom."
 In this connection it may be interest," ing to notice in a brief manner some of the many changes in the use of the English lang&ge, particularly years ago 1t was the back door and the back side of the premises. Now it is the rear entrance. Formerly it was the depot" now dapo and sometimes sta ton. It is evident that the word sta ton is the preferable one. It is Eng fish and for this reason especially at the present time it's use should be pop ular. When this country does not pre- sent anything original it is supposed to be governed by the laws and GUS toms of the nation that furnished the men and capital for the settlement of Connecticut. The word "depot' is of French origin and it's meaning in strict sense, is military station where stores and provisions are kept.
 | It may not have been the case in other places and communities, but if l tho writer recollects correctly a half century ago in East Haven it was gar ! ret instead of attic. Primaryily the word garret Is defined as a watch tow CT, place of refuge, a sentinel box. He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls" The popular definition is that part of the house which is on the upper floor inn mediately under the roof Attic is an- other French word and is defined as a low story above the main order or or | ders of the principal front, having some architectural pretension in the | classical style. A term introduced in the Seventeenth century, and also de- | fined as 0 room or rooms behind that of the exterior or all the rooms imme- l diately below the roof. Webster, Wor- i cester, Stormonth and Walker pro- nounce the word national nearly alike. To my mind there is no sense in the pronunciation that indicates that there is an "sh'' in this word. There is also a great difference in the name of the appliances used by farmers. The pivoted or swinging bar to which the traces or tugs of harness are fasten- ed and by which a blow, other imple- ment carriage or other vehicle is drawn is generally called a whippletree in East Haven. In other communities it is singletree or whiffletree. Webster 1 says that when two horses draw abreast, a single tree is fixed at each end of another cross piece called the l doubletree. In East Haven it is the evener, a shorter and more preferable word. The dictionary authority gives about the same definition to this word evener as that given to doubletree. Namely, in vehicles, a swinging cross bar to the ends of which other cross bars or whippletrees are hung to equalize the draught when two or three horses are used abreast. Every person in East Haven and vicinity forty years ago and who had arrived to years of understanding could describe an OK cart. There is at this date only q very few in the town, and probably not one in use A yoke of steers owned in this suburban village are never seen on the streets in the year 1898. The techni- cal definition as applied to vehicle used for articles or merchandise that has great weight is two-wheeled cart for the ordinary purposes of hus-
 
 heavy articles. The kind of trucks that were formerly used in New Haven, say in 1850, are now seldom seen. They were very simple in construction. Two low wheels with two long stout shafts attached to the axle and extending some five feet to the rear on which was placed fatform. The entire , length. The shafts were fastened or secured to a large saddle by small chains fixed to the harness, and bal anced in such way as to make it easy as possible for the horse. Thousands of hogheads of molasses and rum have been carted from Long wharf in this manner. In England buggy is de- fined as a light one-horse two- wheeled vehicle. "Vileback prevailed upon Flora to drive with him to the race in a buggy"
 In the United States a buggy Is q light four-wheel pleasure wagon. with one seat with or without calash top which means a hood that can be raised or lowered. Years ago (and generally at the present time) in East Haven a buggy was light wagon without top or hood, and carriage was vehicle that had a top. Webster says that a l carriage is a wheeled vehicle TOT per sons, especially one designed for ele- gance and comfort. Probably one of the greatest changes in the farmer s methods--is in the manner of fertiliz- ing the soil. Fifty years ago the East Haven farms-in the spring and sum- mer were literally strewn with white fish, Ten thousand-three cart loads to the acre was the ordinary rule, These fish are called bunkers on the Long Island shore. They are also sometimes known as mehaden or bony fish. No substitute has been found that was a cheap and so well adapted : to enrich the East Haven soil as white fish. I thank you for your kind atten- tion and possibly this subject may be continued to some future time.