Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1898-04-15
and inspired confidence at


dependence by neutral state (to wit,
that the revolted state) constitute in
fact a body polite, having government
in substance as well as in name, pos
sessed of the elements Of stability" and
forming, de facto, "if left to itself. a
state among nations, reasonably capable
OF discharging the duties OF a state"
has imposed for its own governance in
dealing with cases like these the further
condition that recognition OF independ-
ent statehood Is not due to a revolted
dependency until the danger of it's be-
ing again subjugated by the parent state
has entirely passed away. This extreme
test was, in fact, applied in the state Of
Texas, the congress, to which President
Jackson referred the question, as one
probably leading to war, and, therefore,
a proper subject for "a previous under
stand with that body, by whom war can
alone be declared, and by whom all the
provisions for sustaining its perls must
be furnished" left the matter of the
recognition of Texas to the discretion of
the executive, providing merely for the
sending of a diplomatic agent when the
president should be satisfied that the
republic of Texas had become IAN indie
pendent state" 1t was so recognized
by President Van Buren,, who commits
stoned a charge d'affaires March 7, 1887,
after Mexico had abandoned an attempt
to recOnquer the Texan territory and
when there was at the time no bona fde
contest going on between the insurgent
province and its former sovereign.
said in my message of December last:
1T is to be seriously considered wheth-
err the Cuban Instruction possesses be-
! yond dispute the attributes of statehood
! which alone can demand the recognition
! OF bclligrrency in its favor" The same
requirement must certainly be no less
seriously considered when the graver is
sue of recognizing independence is in
| question, for no less positive test can be
! applied to the greater act than to the
! lesser, While, on the other hand, the in
huence and consequences Of the struggle
upon the internal policy of the recognize
| ing state. which form important factors
when the recognition of bclligerency is
, concerned. are secondary, If not rightly
elimnable, factors when the real ques-
tion is whether the community claiming
recognition is, or is not. independent be
yOnd peradVenture.
Nor from the standpoint Of expedience
do | think it would be wise or prudent
r.r,...,,t linn. tb. i,,i,.,,.nd,,Don tL..',-
NIL ,,l.,r rs,,,Iic S,,,, ,.,-,,,,i
tion is mot NECESSARY in order ia .p,LIo
Tn, United States to intervene and uaci-
~ the island. To commit this c,untrv
now to the recognition Of any particular
government in cuba might subject us
to embarrassing conditions of interna.
| tioual obligation towards the orgauiza-
ton So recognized. In cast. of int,ryen-
| tiuu. nul. conduct. ,,pulI l.. subject tnth.
auurnyaI or disuuuroyal of sucb my
erutu.ut. We Vould be required In sinh.
init to its direction and to ASSUME. Il, II
the mere. relation of a friendly ally
When II shall auu,ar hereafter thai
there. is within the. island a government
cauablr Of performing tn. duties
aud disrharriup IN. functions ~,
a separate nation. and having
as a matter Of fact the rrntar form.
and attributes of nationality such gov.
eminent can be promutly and readily
recognized. and the relations and inter
ests of the United S.4.,y with such ma
tion adjusted.
Their. remain tl,a alternative f,.r,,, n,
Intervention to end the war eitbarosa y,
impartial neutral Inv imuu.in, a ra
tioual ,.ri,.r,i,.ts l,,.t,,,,.r m. ,.,.,-,...t
ants. or as the active ally Of I'm. ON,
uurty or IN. other.
Ast,tl,. first n isr ,.,.,,.,,.,
thar Jurir,, tho last few. ,,nrti7s 80,
reI.,t,,, .f 81. r-,it..l ST.. 49,, -,
all, been ON. of friendly, int.r,.rti-,
In ,,,,,.u.,,.s .,c,, not t,s.stf -,
ei,. I,,f ali t,rdir,, 70 ~. ..,,r,t..,,, -,
,.ote,,ti..1 ire,,.r,, ',,.,,.,,., 49,, ,,t.t..i.
rarifi, r.srlt met and h,r,t.,1'I 80 -,
interests concerned The snirit ~ 81
. our acts hitherto has been an earnest
uuscltish desire for peace and prosperit
in cuba. untarnished bv differences h..
tween us and Spain and unstained b
the blood of American citizens The for
, chile Intervention Of the United State.
as neutral, to stop the war, accordin
to the large dictates Of humanity an
following many historical precedent
r where heIHhhoring states have inter
. Iered 10 cheek the hopeless sacrifices q
He by intrrnecine conflicts beyond thei
$ borders. IS Justihable on rationa
b'ouH"S' II 'h'olNes' however hostlI
ooI'S u a'''' upon oo.h 'IIe paI''es TO IN
Z .'''''9'' as wen as " e'''o * truce
/ 70 sN'He t'e eNeh'ua' se''ielHeh'' IN
'ou,'NS ~ SUI" i''o' ' "''o" may
"a ''I,"' al 'Neu as io',o"s'
j fIS' III inc cause ol humanity an
q 20 P"' an emu 10 tic palO"Ilties' pIooC
5 sHcH' st"l "''oh anu noi iiole Hlserle
r now eNlstlhs mere ana when the pa
Nie' 20 '''e Oo'Ii'I0' az .it"ei uiIapie