The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser. (Upper Marlborough, Md.) 1882-1925, 1898-09-09


Hold Il thoroughly wet sponge over
them allowing the water to fall in 4
gentle current. softening the spots un-
til the dirt slips of.
The process known ID carriage paint
ers as the dry sponge follows. Take
the same sponge, squeeze it dry as
possible. pass it over the surface two
or three tunes to dry OFT the water:
then carefully use the chamois skin t.
clean of what is invisible. Never
move the sponge or chamois skin in a
circle. but always in sfr"iyht Inns. BY
doing so. there is less danger ofscratcll-
in.. Start at the top to wash, next
take the running gear. and take the
wheels last. The hose is not the best
way to clean Il vehicle. Too much
water is used. and it gets under the
carpet and vets the floor, sills. rocker
and lining, and tends to rot the wood,
lining, aud lining material under the
lining and injuries the vehicle.
Never wash the carriage or wagon
in the sun. as the water dries too rapid
" and is liable to spot the varnish.
Cold wcat her or too cold water is bad,
but in cold weather the stable should
have some degree Of warmth. Never
use warm water, as it is as destructive
to varnish as the cffluvia of ammonia.
GREASING AND O!LING COMMON AXLES.
Most axlcs have two leather washers,
one front, one back of axle box, which
prevent rattling or noise. The axle
arms are always tapered, and, rs 4
matter of course, the thicker the wash
or ut rear end the more the wheel runs
on the front or smaller end of the axle;
it has consequently more room and is
less liable to friction, heating and diff
Guilty of turning of wheels. On new
vehicles the back washer should always
he thicker. The front one is thinner,
and in some cases is dispensed with
until the axle has worn a trlle in use
In such case, if the rear washers are
worn, replace them with new ones and
thin ones front, which prevent heating
of axlcs and sticking fast.
An exception to this rule arises when
the axle and box are worn; the back
washer should be thinner and front
washer thicker; this forces the wheel
back on the larger part of the axle.
Castor oil is frequently used, and is
considered good substitute for lubri-
eating aXlcs For common aNles, axle
grease is used, made specially for this
purpose, but the better the quality of
oil the better it is for the aXles. The
oils that should he used on carriages
and wagons are those that do not gum
or thckcn or become rancid.
AXLES AND BONES.
All aXles and boxes should be thor.
oughly cleaned before fresh oil or
grease is used. CASTLE soap with
sponge is good for best quality axles.
For common aNles, some rags dipped
in coal oil is good to remove impurities
or hardened grease or oil. If more
than enough oil is used it oozes out
and escapes over the aNlcs and wheels
and is hard to remove.
The fifth wheel should be fabricated
with graphite, especially prepared fol
luhricating purposes, and which will
not soil the gear Grease and oil vehi
cles frequently. 1t is far better to run
the carriage with CREASED surfaces and
fresh oil than half dry and gummcd up
! boxes and aXles
| CoLLINGE. BALL AND ROLLER BEARING
ANLES.
The more delicate the axle the more
care should be taken of it to avoid un
/ due friction and expense. Full Col
lingr aNlrs are, ut present, exclusively
used on the better class of work
| Their complicated and perfect mccha
nS:n ryI lire more attrLti,n than com
! liable to stick to the aXlcs than i'm 9th
cr cases Here are some rules fol
lubricating. removing and replacing
the nuts, washers and oil cups.
LOOK CLOSELY.
Examine carefully. each week AT
least; remove oil cup, collct and nsid,
nut; remove the wheel; clean axle arm
oil cup and collet: also remove the
washers, examine and see if they nect
replacing: clean them also: clean the
groove and axle arm with a spccia
tool, and this cleaning should he don.
with waste or a WOODEN rag; use some
coal oil or brnZinc to clean it perfectly
Pat t!tc necessary oil in the cup, oi
the ARIA and the box, with quill pu
in a cork with best refined oil. Nut
ton foot oil is best. Replace the washer
nut, collct and oil cup, and it is done
Carriages and wagons in use every
day should he attended to by careful
and experienced man, who understand
how to waSh and keep vehicle in per
feet order. \ well appointed hous'
should be furnished, with at least thre,
or four buckets and as many sponge
aud cllamois skins, n feather du>t"r
aal q fine haired hrtssA lnr the cushions
and Innings, u dry champiS OF huckskiI
for p,lishinr the glass or plated work