The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1898-01-27
FARM AND GARDEN,
MATTERS. oFiNTEREsT TO
AGRlcULTuRALIsT.
some Up-to-Date Hints About Cultiva-
ton of the Soil aud Yields Thereof
Horticulture. Viticulture and Flori-
culture. H..
cow-pea (Dolioho. sinensi..)

Cow-pea (Dolichos Sinensis.)
The cow-pea is coming into promi-
nence in the North as well as the
South as plant valuable for green
manuring. A government report says
OF 1t: There is no other crop which is
planted so extensively in. the South,
both for it's hay and it's fertilizing
value, and we have found no other
plant which will produce as large an
amount of forage and valuable fertil-
lzlng material in as short a time. It
may be sown at almost any time dur
Ing the summer, will grow on any soil
except the most barren, and makes ex-
cellent hay and pasture. Its long deep
roots bring large amount of plant
food from the subsoil and leave it near
the surface, where it is available for
future crops. There are many varieties
OF the plant, which are quite different
in their habit of growth. Some, like
the Unknown and the Clay, produce an
immense growth of vine, and require
long season, while others, like the
Pea Of the Backwoods." are quite
dwarf and mature in two months from
planting. Seed of most varieties must
be sown every year, though of some,
like the Red Tory, the seed may be
plowed under in the fall, and the land
sown in oats, when another crop will
be produced after the oats are harvest
ed. When sown broadcast after wheat,
oats, or other early crop, the running
sorts make heavy yield of hay,
which, although somewhat difficult to
cure, is of the very best quality. Hay
of this kind is used almost exclusively
to furnish forage for mules on the
sugar plantations of Louisiana. BY
growing such crop hay is made at a
very small expense, and the soil is
shaded during the driest and hottest
months, and left loose and mellow and
in the best possible condition for any
future crop. 1t is often desirable to
plow under some green crop when it is
impossible to give up the land for the
two years necessary to grow crop OF
red clover or melilotus, and in such
cases we have no other plant which can
take the place of cow-peas. Many
planters use the dwarf varieties for
planting between the rows of corn or
cotton at the last blowing, as when
grown in this way they do not inter-
fere with the growing crop and will
give fair yield Of seed. The decaying
vines make most excellent covering
Tor the soil during the winter, or they
may be used for late pasture. The roots
penetrate the soil as deeply as those of
red clover, a fact which makes the crop
especially valuable for heavy soils re-
curing drainage. There is no other
crop which will furnish the same
amount of material for blowing under
at so small a cost. When land is not
in use for other crops for even two
months during the summer it will al
ways pay we'll to seed it with peas, as
the seed or forage which can be gath
cred will fully pay the cost of seeding
and leave the fertilizing value of the
crop as clear profit. Seed may be sown
at any time from May to August, the
amount per acre depending upon the
variety and time of sowing. If one of
the large varieties is planted in hills
early in the season two quarts will
plant an acre, but If dwarf varieties
are sown broadcast in August not less
than bushel should be used.