davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
A Blizzard in the West.

Extreme cold and snow prevailed in
Montana, the Dakotas, Colorado, Western
Kansas and the northern part of New
Mexico on Saturday and Sunday, and the
temperature fell from 40 to 500, ranging
from 4 to 15o below zero. Monday night S
dispatches say "Sleet and snow cover
the West; the temperature falls 80 to 60
degrees; a blizzard sweeps Minnesota, Mis-
souri,, Nebraska, Kansas and other parts of
the West at Beatrice, Neb., the mercury
falls 60 degrees in "a hours; towns in
Kansas blockaded by snowdrifts; warm
weather in Missouri quickly followed by an
Arctic wave 60-mile gale roaring over
Lake Superior; railroad trains delayed and
telegraph wires down; several lives lost and
stock suffer greatly from the severe change.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
Maryland Affairs.

Baltimore city seems to be enjoying
prosperity CD just now Mondays papers
contained q columns of properties adver-
tised for taxes due.
Mrs. Jennie Mickey, of Fairplay,
Washington county, is in Jail on the charge
made by her husband and neighbors of
being "a common scold. -
The State Board of Public Works has
decided to sell the Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal 1t is thought the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad will acquire title to the
property.
The first annual meeting of the Mary
land 81 re Horticultural Society will be
held in Baltimore December IA and Is at
2 o clock p. M, in Pacific Hall, northeast
corner of Baltimore and Paca streets
Admiral Schley visited his native home,
Frederick, on Saturday and Sunday last,
and had one continuous ovation, and left
for Washington late Sunday afternoon.
The entire city, almost, were at the depot
to see him off,
William Bloom, of Hagerstown, on
Saturday, was attempting to hang piece
of meat on large hook, when the barrel
on which he was standing overturned, and
his right arm caught on the hook, tearing
away about four inches of flesh The
wound required seven stitches.
A "razor sociable' was held at Scot
land, a colored settlement near Rockville,
Montgomery county, on Saturday night
last During the festivities james S. c.
Wilson shot Samuel Dove. The bullets
made several ugly wounds around the
heart and one entered lung. Wilson is
in jail and Dove is dead.
r. B. Bishop shot Jacob Bush in a
saloon, in Cumberland, on Saturday night
last, because he would not quarrel with
him. The ball passed between Bush s
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26

New Mexico, O; New York, 267; North
Carolina, II; North Dakota, 1; Ohio, rs
Oklahoma 2; Oregon, 9; Western Penn
sylvania, 81; Rhode Island, IA; South
Carolina, 2; South Dakota, 8; Tennessee,
60; Texas, 1872; Utah, 8; Vermont, IL
Virginia, Eastern District, l Western
District, 13, and Wisconsin, sc.
AS the involuntary feature of the law,
which permits creditors to have their debtor
adjudicated a bankrupt did not take effect
until November l. 1898, it has been i'm
possible to obtain any data with reference
to the operation of this provision.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
GPECIAL NOTICE.

Galvanized Fencing Wire at prices that have
never been known in the trade.
Lead and Oil so cheap that anyone can af
ford to paint this season.
Ice is plenty. We have a large stock of the
best make of Freezers and Refrigerators.
Don't you need Gasoline or Oil Stove for
summer cooking? We have them; they are
cheap.
Door and Window Screens of various styles.
A full line of first class Cooking Stoves and
Ranges, of long established reputation, at
reduced prices.
A call will soon convince You that the bot
tom has been completely knocked out Of the
price of Nails.
Glass, Oils, Paints and Putty, Plastering,
Hair and Cement, and in fact everything in
the Building Hardware line can be found, as
we'll as low prices, at the old established stand
of
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26

WASHINGTON, D. c., Nov. 20.-The
forthcoming annual report of the Attorney
General embraces review of the operation
of the national bankruptcy law of July l,
1898, which has been prepared by E. c.
Brandenburg, in charge of bankruptcy
matters in the Department of Justice.
Mr.. Brandenburg, who is preparing book
on bankruptcy, briefly reviews similar past
legislation and details the operation of the
feature of the law permitting persons to
become voluntary bankrupts, which took
effect August l 1898. From this report
it appears that the applicants for relief
have been found in every walk of life, If
respective of class or locality and shows
that large class of men who have been
unfortunate in their business enterprises
have availed themselves of the relief Of
fered
Notwithstanding the law has been in
force over three months, the courts in eight
districts declined to proceed with the refer
ence and adjudication of the petitions for
the reason that the Supreme Court has
not promulgated the rules, forms and orders
required by the act. In all other cases
the courts have proceeded and adjudicated
petitioners bankrupt, or have referred the
cases to the referees for action. Since the
law took effect / 700 petitions in voluntary
bankruptcy have been filed. Singularly,
the districts of Delaware, Eastern Pennsyl-
vania, Southern Georgia, Nevada, New
Mexico, Western Virginia and Wyoming
show that no persons therein have applied
to be adjudged bankrupt.
The following shows the number of cases
fled in each state Alabama, 191; Ari-
IONA, 1; Arkansas, %; California, Sc;
Colorado, 20; Connecticut, 8; Delaware,
6; District of Columbia, |; Florida, 20;
Georgia, Northern District, 10; Idaho, 3;
Southern Illinois, 80; Indiana, 81; Indian
Territory, Z; Iowa, AZ; Kansas, 60; Ken
lucky, "a; Louisiana, Z; Maine, 10; Mary
land, 80; Massachusetts,, 4; Michigan, II;
Minnesota, IA; Mississippi, Z; Missouri,
81; Montana, IL; Nebraska, %; Nevada,
0; New Hampshire, 2; New jersey, 10;
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
week days only.
/ To land Baltimore Passengers only.
Sunday Trains.

On Sunday trains viii leave HiIIen statma9%
and 2.3J p. m, Westminster Hip a. N. Az y
m, arriving at Union Bridge at ll.l5 a N. and lN
p. m. Leave Bruccville G45a. III. and Union Bridge
at G5G a. m. and 4.05 p. IN, Westminster 7.5!a @
and 4.3I p. IN, arriving ut Hillen Station at".g~
N and 6.l5 p. IN.
Frederick Division Pennsylvania r. r. lDuIy ~
cept Sunday. Trains for Frederick leave Bruce
vile at SIS, 935 and 1910 a. m. and 5.3S and G5
y. III. Trains for TanCytown, LittleStOwn and
Columbia leave Bruceyille at 9.47 and 80
p. IN.
Through trains for Hanover and Gettysburg and
points on Baltimore and Harrisburg Division leave
Baltimore daily, except Sunday, a. I'D ant
3.32 p m. Through cars for Gettysburg ANA inter
mediate points leave Baltimore also daily. cAccN
Sunday, ut 1917 Il.
Passengers for and from Chcrry Run Williams
port, z. V and intermediate points, from and lOI
stations east oil HugcrStUWI, change at HagtISloWp
Emmtsburg K. K. Trains East will leave En-
mitSburg daily except Su'i,.Js 5.JJ and lOuJ N
and 30 and 40 p. H., arriving At Rocky Ridge
at so and 1919 It m. and 325 and 30 p. H.
Trains west will leave Rocky Ridge, daily, except
Sundays at SIG and 1910 Il. and 31l and 63i +
m, arriving at Emmtsburg $50 and H. 10 Il. III and
4.OI and 7.O4 p. IN.
Orders for baggage calls can be left III TicFr
Office, No II East Baltimore street. Baltimore.
J. NJ. HOOD, General Manager
octS B. L. GRIsWoLD Gen'l. Passenger Agent
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
MO. 367o EQUITY.

~ -. SO(S ECS OlIY.
In the Circuit Court for Carroll County in
Equity.
In the matter of the trust estate of John T.
Ruby, Edward 0. Weant, Trustee.
Edward O. Weant, Trustee, VS.. John T.
Ruby and Meta G. Ruby, his wife.
Ordered on the foregoing petition by the
Circuit Court for Carroll County, sitting as a
Court of Equity, this 29th day of October,
A. d. 1898, that said Court hereby takes
jurisdiction of the trust estate named in the
aforegoing petition, and that the trustee
thereof be and he is hereby directed to settle
said trust estate and perform the trusts re
posed in him by the deed referred to in the
aforegoing petition under the supervision and
control Of this Court. And it is further or
dered that Edward 0. Weant Trustee in the
above cause named, give notice to the credi-
tors Of the said John T. Ruby, who were such
prior to the 9th day of October, A. D. 1898,
the date Of the deed of trust, to file their
claims properly authenticated with the Clerk
Of the Circult Cour. for Carroll County, on or
before the Sd day Of January, 1899, by caus-
ing a copy of this order to be inserted in some
newspaper published in Carroll county,
Maryland, once a week for four successive
weeks before the 9Th day of December, next.
CHARLES B. ROBERTS.
True copy,-Test:
nov5 st JAS. n. BlIILNGsLEA. Clerk.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
WALL PAPER. WALL PAPER.


Up-to-date Paper Hangers and Wall Paper
dealers. We don't claim to be the only firm
in the county that carry a stock of Wall Paper,
but we are, as everybody knows, the largest
dealers. We buy goods direct from the fac
tory just as cheap as these New York Wall
Paper Stores that say they give you Paper at
3 cents per piece. We do the same and You
don't pay us any freight. 1t costs more to do
business in large city, and they don't give
goods away and live at the same time We
all want little profit.
We work as cheap as any of the Paper
Hangers, when you take quality of goods into
consideration, and have best facilities for do
ing so. We are prompt.
We carry line ofcheap readymade Window
Shades and make them to order.
Look us up, examine our goods and you
will then come to the conclusion that we are
up to the times. Work done anywhere in
the county without extra charge. Write to us.
MATTHEW'S & MYERS.
IS East Main street,
april2 Westminster, Nd.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
JOSEPH B. BOYLE,
SUCCESSOR TO WELLS BROS,

CIHAN SWEEP
Balance of our entire stock at prices you can
not afford to overlook.
Great bargains in Underwear, at prices that
will compel you to buy. Less than half price.
Also lot of fine Wool Overshirts, former
price $500 to So. so, now $1.OO. Also large
line of Gloves at all prices, reduced to less
than half price. In Neckwear we can open
your eyes in prices. Fifty cent goods from
10c up-good goods and good styles. They
must be sold. The balance of our stock of
Hats at less than half price-some frst-class
styles. Our greatest offer is in our
Suit, Overcoat and
Pants Department.
We have some splendid things to show you;
and will sell them at half price, and, if desir.
ed, will make up to order in frst-ciass STYLE.
fit guaranteed or no sale. A dollar saved is
dollar made. Call and examine our stock
and we are confident we can save you money
and please you, at the old stand, No. "a West
Main street, Westminster, Md.
lan29-tt A. M. ANDERS.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
IS THIS MORE MCKINLEY PROS
PERITY ?

The Record of the Bankrupts-l7OO Applica-
tons Have Been Filed-Operations of the
New Law Which Went Into Effect Last Au-
gust-New York State Presents the Greatest
Number of Voluntary Bankrupts-Mary-
lands Record is 32-Alahama and Texas
Show Larger Number than any of the
Other Southern StateS--Delaware and West
Virginia Not in the List.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
lit ORNDORFF'S SONS.

~ +d Of the mast two weeks convnces that when you
the people Genuine Bargains they appreciate it. and as TINS
what promised to do will continue our n GTe Goods and
silks We have decided to place sale for next week AL OF
our and Figured Dress Goods in Black and Coor E a
81 2 5Ocand 65c at the Greatly reduced price u
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
Steamers from South Street Pier:

and Friday for Crsfeld, Tangier Island, OnancocS'
and landings to Pocomoke City and Snow hl-
Returning, leave Snow Hill at 6 a. m every MOI
MesSongo River Lines p IN, Monday and
Thursday for Fords Crisfeld, Finneys Oman.
cock Hunting Creek and Messongo, Hunting
and Messongo Rivers. Returning, leave MessonsC
at a. m, Wednesday and Saturday arriving IL
Baltimore a. m.
Occohannock River Lines p m, Wednesda!
and Sunday for Crisfeld, Pungoteague, NanduE
and Occohannock Rivers. Returning, leave Kues
$50 IT, M, Tuesday and Friday; arriving ut blIu
more a. m.
Baltimore, Nd
T. MURDOCH, General Passenger Agent
july9 Ill Z. Baltimore St., Baltimore Ma
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
TWO WAYS

OF GETTING GLASSES; ONE TO GO
TO A FIRST. CLASS OPTICIAN, HAVE
YOUR EYES PROPERLY TESTED AND
GET WHAT YOU NEED-THE OTHER
TO GO TO A MERCHANT WHO KEEPS
SPECTACLES, MAKE "a GRAB IN
THE BAG AS 1T WE'RE, GET A PAIR
THAT DON'T FIT YOU (ALTHOUGH
IT NAY SEEM so FOR THE MoMENT)
RUN THE RISK OF RUNNING YOUR
EYE SIGHT ENTIRELY-AND ALL
FOR A SMALL DIFFERENCE IN EN-
PENSE.
IF YOU NEED THE SER,
VICES OF A GOOD OPTICIAN.
WE CAN SERVE YOU WELL
AND CHEAPLY.
A. H. WEN1Z,
Jeweler and Optician,
febl9 Westminster, Nd.
YT'S AN ESTABLISHED FACT
THAT
A. G.. STRASBURGER
has the largest stock. the best goods and low
est prices of
WINES AND LIQUORS
in Carroll county.
My specialties
wELTY, CABINET,
and the we'll known VIM. Foust's
SPRINGFIELD PURE RYE
WHISKEY,
at so per gallon.
Call and see them.
KEG and BOTTLED BEER.
am cheap John on Tobacco and
Cigars.
70 East Main Street,
iuly16-tf Westminster. Nd.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26

Close connection with the trunk line railroads
inSurlng convenience to the traveller, and quick
despatch TALL freights
Fifteen commOdious and handsomely fitted out
steamers. Comfortable State Rooms. Good Cuisine
Polite attendance Schedule in eject Dec 3Oth 1895
Steamers leave Piers s. and ~ Light street
Wharf Baltimore, as follows:
Railway Division (Pier No 4. )-4.1O p. m, daily
except Saturday and Sunday; Saturday only, 800
p. m, for Ocean City and intermediate points
Returning leave Ocean City, $40 a. IN. daily, except
Sunday arriving at Baltimore LILO p. IN.
Freight for points on Railway Division received
at Pier No 4, until 1900 noon daily, except SUNDAY
ChOptank River Lines p. m, daily, except
Sunday, for Easton, OXFORD, Cambridge and land.
ings to Denton. Returning, leave Denton at I
M. daily, except Saturday, Cambridge, p. m
Oxford, 100 p. m; Eason, $50 p. m, arriving ID
Baltimore at
Wicomico River Line p M, every TUESDAY
Thursday and Saturday, for Wingate'S Point
Deals Island and landings to Salisbury. Return
ing, leave salisbury at $50 p. m. every Monday
Wednesday and Friday, arriving in Baltimore att
u.
Nanticoke River Line.-5 p. m. every Monday
Wednesday and Friday for Deals Island. and land,
ings to Seaford Del. Returning, leave Seaiord al
u O'Clock noon Tuesday, Thursday and Sunda!
arriving in Baltimore at ) a. IN.
treat Wicomico River Line p. H., every Tues
day, Thursday and saturday for landings on Grea.
Wicomico River, Dividing Dymer's, Indian ana
Antpoison Creeks to Eubanks Va. saturday trip
extending to Milford Haven.
Plankatank River Line p. m. Monday, Ncu'
nesday and Friday for landings on Milford Haven
and Piankatank River to Freeport, Va
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
& Az Per 2
OA eDO

OF
realizing be absolutely money thrown That they buying
spent with Have idea how much have
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
GILBERT & GEHR,
Corner Main and Liberty streets,

COfHeT MAIN anu LIDeTIy sITeeIs,
Westminster, Nd.
Plumbing, Heating, Spouting, Tin Roofing
is our speciality. feb 20
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26

II o. GRIMES,
lie Successor to
Z. O. GRIMES & CO., AT
THE PRINCIPAL DEPOT,
WESTMINSTER, MD.
Having succeeded to the business of the
late firm of f. 0. Grimes & Co., the under
signed soGcits the patronage Of the firm
former customers and the public generally.
has as complete II stock of
CHOICE GRO CERIES
as can be found IN our city.
CHOICE TEAS, COFFEES, SYRUPS,
NEW ORLEANS MOLASSES, CANNED
GOODS OF ALL KINDS, CIGARS, TO
BACCO, &C.
The best grades of PATENT PROCESS
and FAMILY FLOUR constantly on hand at
bottom figures. Will pay the Highest Prices
for WHEAT, CORN. RYE, OATS. and all
kinds of Country Produce.
Agent for Latin X Rand's Blasting Pow
der, and Judson's Dynamite for stump blast
ing, &c. Farmers can be supplied with the
best quality of COTTON and FLAXSEED
MEAL, HEAVY MIDDLINGS. BRAN, &c.
at lowest prices.
mar 26 E. O. GRIMES.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
TO THE PUBLIC.

TO THE PUBLIC.
Having purchased the stock of Stephan
Bros, corner of Main and John streets, West
Minister (the old Morningstar stand, l
would be pleased to see their former customers
and my friends. Call and examine my stock
which you will find the largest in Westminster.
FAMILY GROCERIES,
CHINA, GLASS AND
QUEENSWARE, FLOUR,
SYRUPs, TEAS,
COFFEES, EXTRACTS,
CAKES, CRACKERS,
AND CANDIES,
you which will find always fresh.
We take COUNTRY PRODUCE in
Exchange and pay Cash.
Orders solicited and goods delivered
promptly in the city limits.
All goods must lie as represented Come
and see them and learn the prices. No
trouble to show goods.
Yours,
w. II. DAVIS.
Cat the old Morningstar stand.)
On and after August 1st will have
a Bargain Counter that will pay you
to see. july30-tf
NT0 oR70 IoTTTTv
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26
baltimore, CHESAPEAKE 8
D ATLANTIC RAILWAY CO.
FOR HEALTH

Water and Rail Routes to Ocean City and all points
on the CheSapeake Bay.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1898-11-26

FOR HEALTH. FOR PLEASURE.
FOR BUSINESS.
UncXceled facilities for both passenger and freight
traific.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1898-03-23

Key West, Fla, March 22.-The report
Of the court of inquiry left here today in
the custody of Lieut.. Commander Mark,
Judge advocate. If the train connec-
tions are made he will arrive at Washing
ton with the documents Thursday night.
Whether the report will meet the ap-
proval of the navy department Is mat
ter of conjecture. Even Rear Admiral
Sicard declines to prophesy. The gen.
eral opinion of naval officers here, how
ever, is that the navy department will
quickly approve the findings and public
ly convey them to the nation with as lit
tie delay as possible. Within the last
few days minority sentiment has been
steadily growing that the court has been
unable to determine definitely the cause
of the explosion. Still, it is true that a
majority hold to the conviction that the
report will find and prove that the Maine
was blown up Intentionally.
AS is natural, all who speak authorita-
lively continue to maintain tho silence
which has marked the history of this
most remarkable court. In the absence
of any reliable basis, speculation oontin-
ues rife as ever; and accurate news from
Washington is awaited as eagerly by Rear
Admiral Sicard as by the youngest cadst
in the fleet.
The sending of the report to Washing
ton as forecasted by this correspondent
yesterday proved an undramatio climax
to weeks Of waiting. Lieut.. Comman
der Mark went aboard the Nashville
early in the day and brought of the find
ings. After prolonged co 1ference with
Rear Admiral Sicard certain alterations
were made and then Admiral Sicard
affixed his signature of approval. After
luncheon Lieut.. Mark boarded the
steamer City of Key West and sailed for
Miami at half past four o'clock with the
courts finding safely slowed away In
state room No l6. Only two person were
on deck to wave farewells to the steamer.
Lieut.. Commander Mark, before leaving
was in a -committal mood. He con-
fined himself to saying that he was in
tensely glad to be through with very
tedious work and once more to be on the
way north. Despite the absence from
Key West of the documents on which
the eyes of the world are fixed, the court
of INQUIRY continues in existence, though
Inactive. Should the navy department
require further Investigation and ex-
press dissatisfaction with the nndIngs,
il is probable the court would be obliged
to re urn to Havan., though the release
of all the Maine officers held here as wit
nesses until today makes it unlikely that
any Joop-hole has been left which would
Justify the department in requiring the
court to perform further work. From
statement made here the conclusion is
drawn that the findings will be given to
the public in about week.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1898-03-23

squadron and his probable retirement. In
view of the possibility of the latter course,
there is considerable speculation with re.
gard to his successor. His retirement
would create vacancy in the list of COM
nanders, to which Captain w. T. Samp
son, commanding the Iowa, and president
of the Maine court of inquiry Is eligible,
thus raising him to the dignity of flag
officer. In that event Captain Sampson
would be entitled to command squadron
and necessarily would be relieved OF coDl-
mand of the Iowa. There is nm abundance
of excellent material for the selection of 9
new commander of the North Atlantic
squadron, including Rear Admiral
Bunoe, commandant of the New York
navy yard and Commodore J. A. Howell
recently in command Of the European
squadron. Other officers of slightly lower
rank. who are mentioned as likely ol
selection to the command of the home
station, is Commodore W. S. Schley,
president of the lighthouse board ano
Captain W. T. Sampson, commanding
the Iowa. In view OF the circumstances
of the case it is more than likely that the
matter will be settled Immediately upon
the receipt of the report of the board oi
inquiry which will probably be submitted
before the end of the week.
Lieutenants Jungen and Hood, Cadets
Bronson and Boyd, Passed Assistant
Engineers Bowers, Assistant Engineers
Morreys, Carpenter Hilms of the Maine,
left on the City of Key West for Miami.
Gunner Hale Of the lost bait eship will
leave later.
Commander Mark brought the report
ashore from the Nashville today anf
Rear Admiral Sicard with Commander
Mark spent several hours in its further
revision.
All of the officers of the Maine who are
still here, except Paymaster's Clerk. Nc
Carthy, have received orders to leave fol
their homes, there to wait orders as II
the. case of the other, officers who lef
here last week. From this 1t is consid
cred evident that the court will not re
uuire the corroborasion of the techn1ca
evidence, which few days ago 1t was
thought would be necessary. The ma
iority of the officers of the Maine leave
this afternoon for Miami and the remain
der of them leave here tomorrow fol
Tampa.
The receipt by the officers Of the
Maine of orders to leave for their homes
caused the greatest JOY among them; fo1
it meant their release from the irksome,
idle bondage under which they have been
held awaiting the pleasure of the court.
They had been expecting to go nome
by every recent boat and when the o. derf
finally came it was really a case of being
taken by surprise. 1t ia said that Real
Admiral Sicard has been before the boarc
of retirement on the cruiser New YorF
and will probably be relieved OF hi
command on account of physical dis
ability.
The Marblehead has arrived from Por1
Tampa, via the Tortugas after supplying
the Massachusetts with ammunition.