davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13
A NEW FEDERAL DISTRICT.

The people of Southern Kansas very
much desire division Of the state into
two federal judicial districts. The de-
sire is well nigh demand. and from a
number of considerations which should
be appreciated. The south half of the
state has, it is true, semi-annual terms
of the federal court, but being held by
an outside judge, they are, necessarily
brief and unsatisfactory. The result is
that htigants, lawyers and witnesses
are compelled, at great expense, to go
to the northeast quarter of the state,
travelling from two to four hundred
miles. The docket Of the court sitting
at Wichita is hopelessly behind and
has been ever since the court was first
established, Notwithstanding the many
cases which have been transferred, on
account Of the more recent establish
ing of the Oklahou1a court. The city of
Wichita, as an instance, has had rail-
road case pending in the federal court
here for years, which case being all
made up, the prompt settlement of
which would have meant hundreds Of
thousands Of dollars to this municipal
ity, but which still hangs fire because
of the impossibility of reaching it in
the short terms allowed the sittings
here.
But for the personal ambitions of
politicians and the conflicting interests
Gf congressman, Kansas would have
long since been conceded two federal
districts. States with thousands less of
population and not one-half of the
business are divided into two and three
districts. AS for the line of division,
there is but one way to draw it, and
that is from east to west. All of our
great trunk lines of travel run east and
west, and the community of interests.
as between northern and southern
Kansas are distinct and observed of
everybody. This is no criticism of
Judge Foster of Kansas, nor of Judge
Williams Of Arkansas, the latter hold
ing most of the terms here, at a great
J
cannot do more than they can. What
is wanted is a judge and marshal for
the two courts in Southern Kansas.
which number Of courts in the event Of
q new district could be increased to
three. The Southern district would con-
tain between fifty and sixty large coun-
ties, some of them very popuious, in
the aggregate numbering three quar-
ters of a million Of people, much of the
federal court business of which coun-
ties must so to Topeka or Leayenworth
situated in the northeast quarter of the
state, or otherwise drag extensively
along and take chances for an oppor-
tunity Of being heard and determined.
This is not right nor fair. We hope
our senators and representatives in
congress will bestir themselves in this
matter by urging the passage of the
pending bill.
Senator Baker Is quoted by the Kan
sas City Gazette as saying: L am fav-
ovarble to a measure providing for an
other federal district in Kansas. I be
lieve that Kansas should have as many
districts as either Of the states Of Iowa.
Missouri or Arkansas Each Of these
states is divided into two federal dis
tricts. I am satisfied that there is
more business in the federal court in
Kansas than can be fully performed by
one district judge and especially viii
this be so If a bankruptcy bill is
,,aSse5
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

A good Counter Book &c
A splendid ClothIbound Coun-
ter Book &c
I good Stiff Back Long Day
Book, 500 pages, S 3-4x12 ga Zoe
An extra strong Day Book,
Duck bound, $50 pages 75c
500 pounds of Figuring Paper,
put up In Tablets, to close
out at-per pound DC
A Duck bound Indexed Letter
Copying Book, 500 pages,
white Linen paper Soc
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13
CHEAP GOLD

Gold is chiefly valuable because Of its
scarcity. But gold comes from some
where. It must have an original source
or places of vast deposit like many
other metals. Like electricity it per
meates everywhere. being found in the
waters Of all the seas. in the sands OF
rivers, in rocks ana seams, all over the
globe, but nowhere in considerable
veins or deposits. The nuggets OF the
Klondike have been washed to the
places where they are found All placer
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

and. takine It all together. IL was about
the worst thing I ever had IN the lunch
line"
Il grant that all you have said may
be true. yet there e a very good reason
why tho place ought % have our patron
age"
What is 50"
DO you see the sign IN 'front.' Il SAYS
ladies and Gouiseman'a Restaurant
f.ook az the other signs. They all read;
Ladies and Gents The man Who runs
this place ought 70 b encouraged. ssoo
II his grul. e bad. Come on
So fhaa Ment IN.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

tFfoHa ne t.esFfl7-H1 i-salefI
Cone in here ard have izsea VITA
re" aa4d one huyoenR nsza - aFGtAer a.
theT Hefe walking ia q fuzn-towH sfrsst
yesterday. shortly after tas ao1a bvzr.
what. Toa cou'f ess IL thage. @
vo1T
Yes fhsa S. zv fax1Ftss fsztsgfzr4f.''
WEI ~ George Ira sGrpTlsezst ]
fhouzhr y11 Were g uzza Eeu sDa5e -
more 68eaczstf - satisfy fban faas. : faok
one neal Were and sasz declared tsAt
I wou1e newer - tnfo tss place asa5a.
~ service was z-~scas1. t8s fatuss ifs@y
gave re % CO. zsss Ezlsss&ss1 .9..z---
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13
Supplies
4 Few Specials for Business Men:

One and two-third gross Duck
bound O-der Books, with
Pencil Loop, regular 2sc
kind, to close out at lOc
Goldsmith's best sc CONNER
cial Lead Pencils-per doz. 25c
Twenty-Five Cross Good Steel
Pens-per gross sue
A limited quantity of Stat
ford's Best Office Ink in
half pints l5c
Same special lo& prices in
Business Envelopes.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13
ARnssfnn saints Day.

look over our list and cone in. Our latch
string is out and viii do you good.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

McKisson OF Ohio said he was a Re
publican but stood OF the Chicago Demo
cratic platform. \ politician with a plum
in sight viii say he expects TO go 70
heaven and - the saue time be friend
OF The devil
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

story % a p1scponef sa6is from ne
k8aa7uan Courier. Two firs f,lrksTs vasch
o. Porter. ire ws.I-knrTn cosors1 Eeztis-
mar q EfrEnan. zss 4rlruclns a. RAJ
- ~. vnfe sfelgn from the rVar room %
cs~,~ge zfagdax-s r1-af raz-sst art Frcs7
~ -Ia ~ pss ze-tfng rea1T foT ths rzfis.
Nsta.-z sss be-- beard q 'ss f9aa snes
al o. e oat 81 u sr nrfuai -ash. re
a-norszt &c tsasE fer fh~ru r sa9rf t.Ess b.
fore tAry Scre ftoiau
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

4 wandering cyclone took a jab at FIT.
Smith. The present winter has been
enough like summer to deceive anything,
even a cyclone.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

(Frofn The AtiRHta t0nFutufi0nJ
"F4ther. have sou road my ode 20 the
Pines 10 asked the yogthfJl poet
no John. ] haven't. ig=st you Just take
thtx mere Ak aa' cut me down few q
'e-u: the pines are OWN me- about ter
cords o. MOOD.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

With the kind permission of the United
States Oklahoma could very soon make
q large number of good Indians
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13
SHOULD NOT DO 1T.

If it is true, as reported, that Spain
is trying to induce the United States
to undertake negotiations with the
Cuban insurgents in the effort to bring
about the acceptance of autonomy, it
must be admitted that the Spanish
claim of ability to end the war was
not well founded.
OF course there is no evidence of the
truth of the story, which is to the effect
that Spain is willing to entrust these
negotiations to a representative of the
United States, who is to be empowered
to say that this government will guar
antee home rule to the Cubans If they
accept autonomy. That would surely
be an easy way out Of the present sit
uatiOn for Spain, but there is no proba
bility that the United States would &C
cept such a mission.
While Spain has been resenting the
possible interference of the United
States in Cuba, and while the Madrid
newspapers have been protesting in a
1iEHNACO way against elIJ eAdtAiiooAOil
on the part of the Spanish government
of such a right, this government would
probably be inclined to let Spain get
out of her present troubles as best she
may, and not attempt to act as a medi-
ator between the parent government
and its colony.
If Spain is willing to admit that it
has exhausted all it's resources in the
attempt to quell the rebellion, the
United States may propose a settle
ment that would at least be acceptable
to the revoIutionists, but it will not
undertake to fasten upon the Cubans
a form of government they do not like.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

Edison. the greatest man Of this cen
tury BY all odds as history will accord
him when he is dead. has discovered a
new metal which renders cast iron as
tough as wrought iron.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

Chilkoot Pass at this time consists of
nothing but a wide glare of snow. dot
ted here and there with portions of Joa-
quin Milers left ear.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

The Rothschllds viii build a railroad
over the snow and mountains to Klon-
dixie. Heavens! They I'll have to pay
freight on their own gold.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

IN the future, if the matter is left to
his personal wishes, Mark Hanna viii
choose a national convention before
state legislature every time.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

Ths rsan Il uspzgiy = ne r4sAs xls
S~--z a--eeis "a rs xrons.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

Joaquin Miller, in Klondike, has turned
up woe begone. and bigtoegone, too.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

The trouble in Ohio was largely what
might have been a serious affair.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

Kansas f. god fr some thioE- poiittcai.
VITA all So wrarg.es certain thinEs are
conceded ~ some men w-itasEt KICK. Ths
whole rtzte cercaess fss rsr13-nfiou u,
secretary - STATE ~ the Republican tick
o. TO george clark - JEncilon CITY re
VIII he r0r1fuatef. BE has arf all have
70 ruoasi.ign- BE hes S2su asip,nE sy-
srTs<slg ~ years anf 8oN 80 party
workers have tce.fsf 50 Fstura sac eon-
r5tfrrert
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

As usual the Democrats failed 10 come
up TO the scratch in Ohio. They elected
Hanna in fact. \ Democrat always does
iust what he doesn't desire 70 do. It's
in their blood.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

Most Deoals ass ssssisis. bit thsY have
re arrived - tazt sfAss q saEaritY
Wtsfe taeT can sithsianS re sa4xie y
she Npss FFee. sxs1 Thsa fhsiT ca-n-
's2a neasa cnsrt - in1oTrn tkssn th1i
iaefe u ~ spea fsasag a. Something fsr
nsns ia ffla xaTsE
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

OF course it is said that Edisons dis
covery OF the new metal was an acct
dent. II is strange that such accidents
always fall to capable inventors.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13
CHARLES Z. wAsaDURN.

A es e2s g. @
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

N5s GUY havt ~ p-1asssssen -oiasars "a
x &Esza 1sWEgsp@ru Ses1 szEearGs6. 50
sges .eFun a. Ia o-s fra<n Llse cks5Hsa
A5vaacs aaaeAs. to-N.f. TIE E~afisznsa
a19 F4ss - b. E-sx sllsy = fsre Das1onf
Fyzrt aag fsg 9yzra ias ss43rs CafLkf-
BIAS a-grasax 49, 1ssszfea:ss ard broks
szs zrlss@
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

Representative Leland of Ohio present
ed Hanna's name before the legislature.
And OF course that may have had some
thing to do with the final result.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

Perhaps Mrs. Griffith believed she was
doing the correct thing but she was in
discreet and her career IN the nation is
at an end Her prominence lasted just
six DAYS
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

r. Dire Cry ra-aszszsS cay ~ eh-e-s-
zros q a. 90 rasfasa Nsss Ezsisn sis-
-~aestas nssstas-sos - - frterFss ~ su.-
f1a's l-eas azcr-fas ME1e. sat9uia- 80
fe4zat szslE-st fse Hasrs ia B9ssn s-z-.l
.a 1estribsste ss-z.ls-lse o. cEr1@srzzs cag.
Hn s-eaf ~aa sznsisE11ss3 sta 80 ra.ss.s-
90 $50 tns lss woszH. 4 sarzs5sEs 81
f.r.-r-e4s
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

Ripans Tabules are good medicine Ter
NATIONAL MILITARY HOME. Ohio.
August g. 1897.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-01-13

Edison's new discovery again demon
strates that he has been worth more to
this country. and world. than all the
presidents between Washington and Lin
coin.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-12-27

Tribune from Havana says: Christ
mas day was ushered into Havana by
the cracking of revolvers and rafting
volleys from Mauser rifles. in an ARRAY
which occurred near the center of the
city between the Spanish troops garri-
soning the city and the Cuban resi-
dents. One Cuban was fatally wound
ed, two others were badly injured, and
a Spanish soldier was stabbed. A Gu
ban negro, who received three wounds,
made by Mauser bullets, and a bad cut
across his forehead, and who was TAX
en- to the emergency hospital, is re-
ported to be dying.
The affair was brought on by the
Cubans, who fired from a housetop on
company Of soldiers asleep in the
Hotel Roma The soldiers sprang to
their. feet and at once returned the
fire. A company Of infantry scaled the
low wall on one side of the building,
and hunted over the rooftops for the
individuals who had begun the firing.
They found a negro badly wounded,
and carried him down. Other injured
men were carried away by their friends.
The volleying of the Mausers caused
great alarm among the Americans,
many fearing the fighting would be-
come general throughout the city.
An ARRAY on Christmas night be-
tween troops and Cubans has been
prophesied by those who have watched
events for the last few days.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-12-27

scious that the quail had disappeared,
and that a fine strapping man stood
where the quail had been a moment
before. The court, noticing the
stranger. asked who he might be, and
received a startling answer. Il am the
woman" said the man, whom you
locked up just now"
"How can that be?" inquired the
magistrate, when you are man."
Nevertheless, I am the woman" was
the strange reply, "and you may lock
me up, too, if you like Upon this
rush was made for the woman's cell,
and although it was secured as tightly
as bars, door and lock could close it, it
was tenantless! After that the woman
or the man. or whatever the combina-
ton called itself, was allowed to so in
peace. This tale is current just at
present in the bazaar, and shows what
extraordinary stories pass current in
the bazaar
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-12-27
RETIREMENT OF DEWEY.
May Be Postponed By Special Law
For Ter Years.

New York, Dec ga dispatch to
the Herald from Washington says:
Captain r. D. Evans name is promi-
nently mentioned as Rear Admiral
Bunces successor in the New York
navy yard, now that it seems to be de-
cided that Rear Admiral Sampson will
remain commander-in-chief of the
North Atlantic station, and Rear Adj
miral Schley will be assigned to sea
duty, in compliance with his request.
Unless congress should pass law
authorizing him to remain on the ac-
tive list, Rear Admiral Dewey will be
placed on the retired list on Dec. 20,
1899 Only one other retirement will
occur next year-that of Commodore ii.
L. Howison, now commandant of the
Boston navy yard.
There is a strong sentiment in naval
circles in favor OF the passage of law
which will permit the retention of Adj
miral Dewey upon the active list for
ten years, as was done in the case OF
heroes of the civil war. Reports from
Manila that Admiral Dewey desires to
return home are not believed by de-
partment officials. Their advices from
him indicate that he desires to remain
in the Philippines. 1t is not expected
that he will be detached from COM
mand of the Asiatic station until just
in time to reach the United States on
the eve of his retirement.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-12-27
CLEVER BANK ROBBERY.
Thieves Opened the Vault and Car
RED Off S1S.162.

Lima, o., Dec. 26.-The American Ma
tional bank of this city was robbed last
night of SIS. 162. The money was taken
from the big vault. The robbery was
perpetrated in a skillful manner, no dam
age being done to the vault. The bank
High streets The money stolen was in
currency and gold. No silver. was taken.
The robbery was discovered this morning
by the bank janitor, who found the door
Of the vault open A deposit of $4,000
made on Saturday was gone.
The directors of the bank held meet
ing at once. at which an assessment was
made to meet the deficiency, and other
banks in the city offered assistance.
The manner of entrance to the bank is
a mystery, al, all windows are protected
with heavy iron screens. The front door
was found locked this morning as usual.
There was not the slightest clue for de-
tectives to work on The robbery is the
work of professionals, surely.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-12-27
TELEGRAPHIc BRIEFS.

The First battalion. First United States
infantry, departed from Huntsville Tor
Cuba.
The condition of Dr. Horatio Stebbins of
San Francisco is very alarming, and it
is believed that his death may occur at
any time.
Major H r. Brinkerhoff, United States
army, has been ordered TO JOIN the Ihlru
infantry at Fort Smelling, and to accom-
pany it to Manila.
Commissioners General Peck has ap-
pointed Charles Richards Dodge OF New
York director of agriculture for the
American exhibit at the Paris exposition.
Lieutenant Colonel w. P. Hall, who has
for several years been ad1ut5aeni genera neral
assigned to similar position In the de-
partment of Puerto Rico.
The announcement made several days
ago that overtures had been made TO the
Cleveland Rolling Mill company for the
purchase of its big plant by the wire
trust has been confirmed.
Jay L. Athey, one of the best known at
torneYs, and at one time leading Demo-
cratic politician of Cleveland, O., is dead
of pneumonia, aged A. He was one OF the
best known Pythians in OHIO.
Frank Huber, one of the proprietors of
the Catawba Wine company, Toledo, o.,
left the supper table and shot himself to
motive. He was one Of the largest wine
dealers in the United States.
Bishop William e. McLaren of the
diocese of Chicago, will accept the mission
to Puerto Rico to investigate the field
there for promotion of the Episcopal
church interests, as delegated to him by
the Episcopal conference in Washington.
Indus Cody, wealthy real estate
dealer of Cleveland, o.. who is an en-
thusiastic supporter, of President Simpson
of the Christian Alliance, will depart for
Cuba Jan. 8 for the purpose of starting
mission work in the island in behalf Of the
alliance.
Colonel Philip Henry Moore died at
Wheeling, W. Va. He was the editor and
owner of the Ohio Valley Manufacturers
fortunes with the confederate army and
rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel in
the engineer corps. In 1853 he established
the Wheeling Daily Union.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-12-27
INTERCOLLEGIATE CHESS.
Tournament Between Yale, Harvard
Columbia and Princeton.

Columbia and Princeton.
New York, Dec. 26.-The seventh in
ter-collegiate chess tournament be-
tween students from the universities of
Columbia, Harvard, Yale, and Prince
ton began in this city this afternoon.
K. G. Falk co, and c. f. c. Arens-
berg CID, discussed a Petrof defence.
IN the course of which game the former
got the superior position. After thirty
two moves the players agreed to draw
L. A Cook (Y), and ]. A. Ely IP),
contested a, very fine game. Ely, how
ever, had a strong attack at one time
This would scarcely have won the
game, but for a blunder on the part of
the ALE man, who lost his queen and
the game after thirty-six moves.
The game between A. S. Meyer Co,
and A. S. Weston (P), a kings gambet
declined, was Of very short duration.
Meyer won after sixteen moves.
+. z. Southland CID, had an easy VIC
tory over A. NJ. Webb (Y). The Yale
man relied on the queens pawn
opening, which his adversary trans
ferred into a Dutch game. The latter
won a pawn early iE the game and
after twenty-eight moves Webb had
to resign.
The second round will be Played in
the following order tomorrow: First
table, Falk. Co, versus Cook (Y). Sec
ond table, Ely (P). versus Arenberg
CD. Third table. Meyer (C), versus
Southland CID. Fourth table, Webb
(Y), versus Weston (P).
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-12-27
DISORDERS PREpTcrEp.
Better Feeling Between the spaniards
and Cubans.


Washington, Dec. 26.-0ajor General
Francis E. Greene, United States army,
accompanied by his aide, Lieutenant
Schuyler Schiefferlin, Forty-seventh
New York volunteer infantry, passed
through this city today on their way
from Havana to New York City.
General Greene said that there would
undoubtedly be trouble in the main
tenance of order, pending the transfer
of the control OF affairs from the Span
ish government to the United States
military authorities, but he did not an
ticipate that it would reach proper
tons beyond the control of the Amer
lean forces. According to his repre-
sensations, the feeling between the
Spaniards and Cubans is intensely bit
ter, a serious rupture between the two
factions now being averted only by the
presence of American troops and the
knowledge that the American military
authorities are determined to preserve
order by the prompt exercise of force,
in case Of necessity.
General Greene has large private in
terests in New York state and today
gave notice to the adjutant general Of
his desire to be relieved Of further
military service, in view of the prac-
teal conclusion of peace between
Spain and the United States.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-12-27
EXPORTS TO CANADA.
Made Great Gains Under Discrim-
inating Tariff Rate.

Made Great Gains Under a Discrin-
mating Tariff Rate.
New York. Dec. ga special to the
Tribune from washington says: The
new Canadian tariff does not appear
to have decreased exports from the
United States to the dominion. That
message, enacted in 1897, provided that
goods entering Canada from Great
Britain an0 her colonies should enjoy
a tariff rate % per cent less than that
collected from goods from other coun-
tries. one-half of that reduction going
into effect on Aug. 1, 1897, and the re-
mainder on Aug. l, 1898. The eXpOrta-
ton from the United States to Canada
has, therefore, since Aug. l, $685. been
made under whatever disadvantage the
new discriminating rates of that tariff
afford 1t is therefore interesting to
compare the figures of the exports to
Canada since that date, both with
those of the corresponding months of
1897 in which only one-half of the dis
eliminating rate was in operation, and
with those of 1896, in which no dis
eliminating rate existed
The figures of the treasury and
bureau of statistics covering the details
Of the export trade are now available
for the months of August, September
and October. They show that during
these three months of 1898, in which
the full 25 per cent tariff reduction in
favor of Great Britain and her colonies
was in operation, exports from the
United States to Canada were larger
than in any corresponding three months
in the history of our commerce with
that country. In fact, the exports
from the United States to Canada have
never shown more rapid gains than
since the enactment of the new
Canadian tariff, giving to imports from
Great Britain and her colonies advant-
ages over those from the United States