The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1898-03-31
COUNTY AND CITY INSTITUTES
ADJOURN
SPANISH GOVERNMENT
FINE ADDRESS BY PROFESSOR
BERNARD MOSES
POLITICAL EDUCATION DEFINED
Southern California Teachers Associ-
alton Convenes Today in the First
Congregational Church

The third and last days session of the
city and county teachers institute closed
with the conclusion of the exercises Of
the afternoon.
This morning, at $50, in the Congrega-
tional church, corner of Sixth and Hill
streets, the Southern California teachers
institute convenes, to continue until Sat
urday noon, including lectures in the even
ing.
The section work in the different de-
partments will be carried on as follows:
This afternoon, round table, Mas sonic
temple. Hill street; languages" church
lecture room; art church auditorium;
history" Friday Morning club room.
South Broadway; kindergarten" Y. NJ.
L. A. auditorium; Science" room %, high
school building; GERMAN" Y. W. c. A.,
West Second street.
The program for this evening" at the First
Congregational church, includes vocal
solo by Miss Adams; lecture, State Con-
stitution as Related to the Public Schools,
Prof. G. w. Beattie. university of Callfor-
mia; Decorative and Indus trial Art" Prof
Henry T. Ardley, state university.
USE OF PICTURES
Yesterday morning, at the high school
auditorium Prof II. r. Kirk of San Ber-
nardno, the first speaker on the program,
talked of the use of pictures in the school
room. He presented clearly the added in
terest in the mind of the pupil and the
aid in fixing facts in the memory given
by Illustration. The collection of pictures
was advised from papers, advertisements
and other sources, so abundant nowadays,
and placing them in groups to Illustrate
the studies of geography and history.
Prof. Ardley followed in an instructive
but too brief lecture on Drawing" He
explained the simple principles of perspec-
tive clearly, and the laws of light and
shade. AT the Worlds fair 252 pictures,
some of them by widely known artists,
were slowed away because they were faulty
In perspective.
SPANISH HISTORY
In section six the latter part of the morn
ing was occupied by Prof Bernard Moses
Of Stanford, in clear and concise talk on
Spanish History in America
IN speaking of history" said the pro-
fessor, II wish TO emphasize the necessity
of using American in its proper sense, as
including the whole continent. We say
American when we really mean United
States history. The early Spanish govern
ment in America represented one of the
most complete systems ever conceived in
the mind of man. The same contrast which
1t presents to that of England existed be-
tween the Roman and Grecian states. The
colonies OF Spain are like those OF Greece,
and those of England resemble those of
Rome. The Grecian colonies carried little
with them but love of the mother country
and her art. Those of Rome took with
them Capitalization, power and state con-
troll.
1.-The Spanish colonies which grew up on
this continent were essentially free king
doms, and had no union with the mother
country; they had nothing in common but
a common king. The laws in operation in
Spain were not operative and had no valid
ity here. When it came to be a question
Of law in this country they created laws
and institutions that had nothing to do
with Spain. They had no such idea of
separating power into judicial, legislative
and executive as we have. 1t was all
concentrated In one body. The last court
of appeal, final and administrative for the
colonies, In Spain, was the council of the
indies. There was only one port from
which vessels could sail for America only
one at which they could land. All mer-
chandse and shipping of every description
had TO pass through this bureau, or India
house. Every person had to be recorded
and no person could sail for the colonies
without presenting a certificate of BIRTH
description and loyalty to the church; no
hereto who had ever believed in the re-
ligion of Mahomet was permitted to come
The Intention of Spain was to fill America
with very good people while England
seemed to fill her American colonies with
a very promiscuous assortment. All her
ports were open, and there were no restric-
tons whatever
1--WE find the same crusading spirit mani
tested with the colonies to Christianiye
the people, and Spain never departed from
her high ideal. Only one vessel year
was permitted to sail, and that not with
out authority. In spite however, of this
vigilance, persons came who did not carry
out the ideals of the mother country ana
If the Indians were badly treated 1t was
because the deputies of the king did not
carry out his ideas. While there were
many unmarried men that came to the
colonies, no unmarried woman was par
q.
was that men, if they were TO marry
must take wives from the inhabitants of
the country. Englands policy was first to
sweep the country clean of natives and
then TO begin the work of colonization. The
Spanish policy was to propagate monsrel
population, and in some instances if gave
an impulse to return to the customs OF
their ancestors, while those of England
kept up the high standard of the mother
country.
"In Spain when a man left for the colo
MES it was recorded just where lie was
going, and he was obliged to stay in that
province. When a knowledge of his lo
cality was desired it could always he foun1
at the India house. No goods could he
taken from one province to another. For
two hundred years this system held with
respect TO movement and control Only
two ports were open on this continent sor
Spanish vessels--the Isthmus and Vera
Cruz. After a colony was started nj
Buenos Ayres no vessel could sail fron,
there to Spain or the reverse without 90
Ing to the lsthmus and Vera Cruz. This
tended to throw people back on the things
they found in use among the Indians, those
they could create and it had tendency to
Keep them back to native customs.