davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald., 1898-01-02

rancherias and relapsed into a barbario
state of living, that in some respects
was worse than that from which they
had been rescued by the mission fathers.
After q very few years almost the en-
tire possessions of the missions were in
the hands of the farmers and cattle
raisers. AS time went on the population
increased rapidly, and after the legis-
lature had met at San Jose in 1850 and
the original twenty-seven counties had
been laid out, the machinery Of county
government went into operation in Au-
gust of the same year, Santa Barbara
being the county seat.
Most Of the land in the county was
held by wealthy Mexican ranchers, and
when 1t became known that some Of the
largest ranches were being broken up.
that the best Of land was obtainable for
a sum as low as % cents an acre, an inn
migration began that in a few months
revolutionized the entire Industrial and
social situation. New industries sprang
into existence, and when the wharf was
built at Santa Barbara in 1868 facilities
for shipping and receiving produce were
for the first time provided.
Then, too, attention was drawn to the
county as affording delightful places Of
residence. The attractions of Santa
Barbara as a health resort became noised
abroad and people from all parts Of the
union began pouring in. Very soon the
modern Santa Barbara grew in and
about the old Spanish pueblo, and the
oldtime air which still distinguishes
the town is considered not the least Inn
portant of it's attractions.
The herald., 1898-01-02

to obtain the most favorable results.
When the missions were established I'M
der the direction of the padre-president
those of Santa Barbara, San Buenaven-
tura, Lompoc, Purissima and Santa Ynez
We're all at that time within the boundar-
les of Santa Barbara county, and were
the centers of vast grain fields and the
homes of immense herds Of cattle and
sheep.
In 1912 the Santa Barbara mission fed
1900 people, had 1000 head Of cattle, 5000
sheep. 250 swine, 1882 horses and 142
mules. The productions for the year
were 1858 bushels Of wheat, 400 of corn,
1926 Of barley and 26 of beans. For the
previous year the church had been very
much injured by an earthquake, necessi-
tating it's rebuilding in more substantial
form. Work was commenced within two
years, and the church was completed in
1922. The material used in it's construc-
ton was soft sandstone, procured in
great abundance in an adjacent canyon,
and was easily worked. Tools, however,
had to be made from old scrap-iron, OBJ
tanned from the vessels, and the Indians
were taught blacksmithing. There were
at least 200 Indians, representative of
forty different and hostile tribes, en-
ployed in breaking and putting in place
the stone. The padres, Rapoli and Vic
toria, under whose charge the Indians
worked, were men of great ability, and
lit required the greatest skill and finesse
to keep these members of hostile tribes
working together in harmony and peace.
When the missions were secularized
the neophytes at Santa Barbara, as at
the other missions, returned to their
The herald., 1898-01-02

pertaining whether supplies could not be
forwarded to the troops at Salt Lake by
that route.
In the latter part of 1851 an attack was
made by Indians upon the village of
Aqua Caliente, and several Americans
were killed and number of buildings
burned down. A white man named Bill
Marshal, who was married to suuaw,
and a Spaniard named Juan Verdugo
had instigated the attack and had been
concerned in other affairs in which
Americans had been robbed or murdered
Both men were tried by court martial
and summarily sentenced to be hanged
on the following day. The execution was
a brutal one. The men stood in a wagon
while ropes were fastened about their
necks and tied to beam overhead. They
were not blindfolded, and when the wag-
on was hauled away they were left to
slowly strangle in full view of the crowd
gathered to witness the affair." For
three quarters of an hour the culprits
hung before life was pronounced ex-
tinct. '- :.
The herald., 1898-01-02

| The city OF Ventura has grown I'D
around the old mission Of San Buenaven-
tura, founded on
Vonfmra March 81, 1882. and
sV"s"u the church building
-. erected to take the
place Of the first edifice, which had its
foundations undermined by the river
and had to be abandoned, is still stand
ing in the center of the city Of Ventura
and is an object Of the greatest interest.
Some of the most prominent buildings
in the present town are built on the
ground once occupied as the mission gar
den, and, as in the case Of all churches
built subsequent to the great earthquake
December, 1910 the walls Of this relic
Of past time are Of great thickness,
being nearly six feet at the base.
What Is now known as Ventura county
was originally inhabited by Mexican set
tiers, and as late as 1860 there were only
nine foreign residents within the present
boundaries of the county. Settlers have,
year by year, taken UP lands, but the
process of development was slow, and
not until 1858 did any decisive advance
ment take place. From that time ON the
strides taken by the county have been
rapid, and its present prosperity Is in
large measure due to the division of the
large ranches into small tracts, upon
which have settled small farmers and
fruit raisers. '''
| About this time the immigration to the
United States was very heavy, and a
number of these immigrants came west.
1t was to many of these that the large
ranches Of Santa Paula y Saticoy and
Colonia, or Santa Clara, when divided
up, were sold. With Observation-Disclosures OF
this new blood the progress and prosper
ity of the county were assured. With
the development of the settlements came
the desire for a new county, for at that
time the present Ventura county formed
part of Santa Barbara county.
In the election of 1869 A. G. Escandon
was elected to the assembly on the issue
of new county, but in consequence of
the opposition from other portions Of
Santa Barbara county, the measure
failed to pass the legislature. During
the three years following public sentf-
rrent in favor of a division had SO
strengthened that al. the beginning of
the legislative session of 1S71-72 efficient
measures were taken to secure the pas
sage of the bill. 1t passed the assembly
with only one dissenting vote, and, pass
ing the senate, was approved March %.
|'1S72..
The herald., 1898-01-02

belt the most votes had been polled for
Conn. Piercy's syrnpathies were with
the south, although he was opposed to
secession. While in the legislature he
became involved with fellow member
named Showalter, and in the duel that
resulted met his death.
For many years San Bernardino main
tanned it's frontier character, but the
completion of the Southern Pacific rail-
road and the incoming of new settlers
from the east, as we'll as the Inaugural
ton of vast irrigation enterprises
brought change. The establishment of
many colony settlements completed the
desirable work and reconstructed the
social status of the county.
The herald., 1898-01-02

e county of Los Angeles, rather
Y, has had its name from the city
and the latter had
ArcoIoc its name and origin
nnyVtVS from those early
Catholic devotees
first conquered nature. and those
of nature-the aborigines OF the
iwest. AS certain. II somewhat
mt result, the county today abounds
ealth, is productive of the richest
.sts, is the home Of the palm and
range, the olive and the vine. and is
pest known of the whole galaxy OF
lies in California.
story begins for the county beyond
lime when Don Felipe de Neve
led the pueblo of Nuestra Sonora
Gina de los Angeles, or. indeed, the
,lishment of the San Gabriel mis-
The white explorers who first pen
ed to California's wilds and ex-
d the theory that 1t was an island
a band of intrepid Jesuits under
err Knio, who reached the ella and
ado rivers, and then Travelled over
alleys and mountains to the south
in the year 100. In the following
ty years he and his coadjutors had
lished fifteen missions in Baja CAL
la. but forty-six years later the
ish sovereign removed them. In
the Franciscan friars took their
S, to be in turn displaced five years
by the Dominican friars.
aborigines whom the friars dis
ed and whose conversion they con-
d for so ardently, were an unusu-
inc tribe of Indians. They had forty
res, including settlements upon
Catalina and San Clemente
Is. Their villages contained from 500
90 huts, Suanga being the largest.
Indians have been called "Cahuil-
a name which is said to have at
ID to them through a blunder, as
word was used by them as saluta-
and signifies master" They en-
| very complete form of govern
and civil war was never waged.
leir religion they held nosbelief in
rgatcry OF hell and worshiped one
QUA great reverence.
e are people who have grave doubts
her the modern civilization forced
these simple people was in any
a benefit. The local laws and Gus
among these people constrained
to behavior that might still be ex-
airy to many protesting Christians.
were engaged in hunting and were
successful in the chase,
The herald., 1898-01-02
ARBORICULTURE
A few days later four Indians, two of

A few days later four Indians two of
whom were village chiefs, were also SEN
fenced to death for completely in the
Aqua Caliente affair, but the impromptu
gallows was exchanged for death by
shooting. On Christmas morning, 1857,
the four men were shot down by detail
of twenty soldiers, while each prisoner
knelt at the head of his newly dug grave.
Antonio Cara, leading chief of the
interior tribes, a well-educated man and
possessed Of great influence, was also
executed by being shot on January II.
1852, for also being concerned in the Aqua
Caliente affair. AS he stood beside his
grave he said: Gentlemen, I ask your
pardon for all my offenses and expect
yours in return" He then knelt and met
his death as a brave man.
The herald., 1898-01-02
The Seven Sisters Of the Land Of Sunshine 8

from Utah, and in two years the popula-
ton had so increased that an appeal was
made to the legislature to declare and
define separate county. Los Angeles
had claimed jurisdiction over all the
territory to the east of the Colorado
river, but no opposition was made to the
creation of the new county. and San
Bernardino was made the county seat
Attracted by the favorable notoriety
that attached to the section, numbers of
Gentiles f1ocked into the new county
and as their ideas did not coincide with
those of the original settlers, much
trouble ensued and for several years the
valley was the scene of contention and
some bloodshed. Up to 1857 the Mormon
element was in the majority. In that
year came the famous johnson mission
to Utah, being the first attempt made
by the United States government to en-
force upon Brigham Young and his fol-
lowers due observance of the federal
law.
At the outset the Mormon leader de-
cided to resist the troops, and with this
end in view orders were sent out hur-
riedly but peremptorily that all the
Saints should return to Salt Lake in or
der to present a solid front to the in
vading troops. Many of the settlers at
San Bernardino disobeyed their orders,
but notwithstanding large number
made preparations to return to Salt
Lake; and then occurred the memorable
event that Is still known as the Mormon
exodus" 1t was necessary for these
settlers to dispose of their property very
ollickIv and as sellers far eyceeded th q
number Of those either able or willing
to buy, the most ruinous sacrifices were
made. In number Of instances farms,
orchards and vineyards were abandoned
without the owners receiving any recon-
The herald., 1898-01-02

it's assessed valuation to over $4,000, 900.
Under legislative enactment, in June,
1898, Riverside became the county seat
of the county of the same name. The
total area of the county is zoos square
miles, and the population is about 10000,
The county is divided into two distinct
sections-the onH devoted to fruit grow
ing and agriculture, and the other to
mining. The area of the latter is great
er than Of that given up to fruit raising
The herald., 1898-01-02

pense, all being surrendered in the cause
of religion and at the call of duty, that
they might set out on the long and
miles.
The few Mormons that remained hav-
ing paid no heed to the directions of the
spiritual leader, concluded they could
worship God just as well amid their COM
Portable surroundings as in Salt Lake
They had never practiced polygamy, at
The herald., 1898-01-02

The history of the state begins at San
Diego. True it is that this portion of the
Pacific coast was
San Diego uio1,ed Of I sao nie e@e
was identified in any
way with the site of the modern city, but
these visits produced no results from
material standpoint, and only when
the friars of the Franciscan order set foot
on the shores of the bay to which the
name of San Diego had been given did
the history of the county and the state
simultaneously begin.
In 1895 the pueblo Of San Diego was
organized under the MeXian laws, and
ten years later, in 1915, the assignment
of lands to the municipality was made.
When California passed under United
States rule the pueblo organization was
still maintained, the title of eleven square
leagues, or $4,000 acres of land, being
subsequently confirmed to the city by
the federal courts. 1t was realized, how
ever, that it would be necessary for pur-
poses of business development that the
city should be moved to a more favorable
location. In March, 1850, a grant was
made some distance to the south Of the
old settlement, for the establishment Of
what was to be known as New San Die
go, and which is portion Of the present
city.
A short time before the legislature had
passed the act dividing the state into
twenty-seven counties, and, as defined in
that act, the county Of San Diego includ-
ed within it's boundaries large portion
of the area now included within the
limits Of San Bernardino county.
When the United States took possess
sion of California much of the best land
in the county was included in the thirty
six grants made to the Spanish pioneers
The herald., 1898-01-02

The aggregate area of these grants was
784,7S3 acres, while the area of the coun-
ty was 9,5S0,000 acres, of, which a consid-
cradle proportion consisted of the arid
waste of the Colorado desert.
For many years after the capture of
San Diego by Commodore Stockton, a
detachment of troops remained stationed
there. In 1857 detachment accompan-
led the first steamer on it's trip up the
Colorado river, with the intent of as
The herald., 1898-01-02

Los Angeles county has an area Of
1000 square miles, and is the banner coun-
ty in the state for increase of population
and rapid development. The population
in 1880 was 11,00O; today it is a city Of the
first class, having over 100000 inhab-
itantS.
The herald., 1898-01-02

There are 81 mineral and other hot
springs in Southern California The
celebrated Carlsbad springs of Germany
and the Kissingen spring of Bohemia
have been shown, by analysis Of their
waters, to have their duplicates in San
Diego county.
The herald., 1898-01-02

The largest bee ranch in the world
(7000 stands) is in San Diego county. and
also the largest lemon grove, 1850 acres.
The largest almond orchard 10000 trees)
is in Santa Barbara, which also possesses
a grapevine with branches covering
one third of an acre.
The herald., 1898-01-02
act of the Legislature of California,
owed March II, 1889, Orange county

act of the legislature of California,
owed March II, 1889, Orange county
was carved out OF
nm the southeasterly
"90 portion of Los An
geles county. Upon
II, 1889, the first county election
held, and on August LIST of the same
the several offices were opened and,
Santa Ana as the county seat, the
ity from thence on has had a sepa-
existence.
lie county contains over 100000 acres
and, the greater part being under
walton. The population of the
lty by the census of 1890 was 1859,
the growth has been so rapid that in
last seven years the increase In pop
ion has been nearly one hundred per
Anaheim, the second town of any
in the county, was founded in 1857
colony of Germans, and is the Oldest
ny settlement in Orange county. Or
:, Tustin, Fullerton, Garden Grove,
minister. Fairview, Newport, Ell
}, FL Modena, Yorba and San Juan
all centers of activity, and San Juan
ne of the oldest towns in the state.
the ruins of the mission of San
Capistrano, founded in 1776, form
attraction for the tourist as we'll as
casual visitor.
he important seaports are Newport,
una. San-Juan-by-t the Sea and An
leim Landing.
Save the settlements Of Anaheim and
an Juan. the history of Orange county
ties from the time when, in 1868, w. H.
purgeon. who laid out Santa Ana, set
on the site of that town and opened
COUNTRY store. Ten years later the
'u thern Pacific reached the town and
he interim from sheep pasture the
rounding country had been trans
ned into maze of orange groves.
syards and orchards. The end of an
ar decade witnessed the advent of the
thern California road, connecting
ia Ana with Los Angeles, San Ber-
dino and San Diego. At later date
building of the Newport railroad
Meeting Santa Ana with the seaport
e an impetus to the growth in popu-
on and business stability Of both
,es.
The herald., 1898-01-02

Ihe principal occupation of thu citi-
zens or Orange county are agriculture
ana fruit raising. but for diversity of
products and fertility of soil it can COM
pare favorably with any similar area
OF country in the world. AS point for
drying and distributing lumber, Santa
Ana occupies prominent position in the
south, and the county has won reputa-
ton by raising choice horses and cattle.
The herald., 1898-01-02
MISCELLANEOUS

Fruit extracts and essences, canned fruits and
vegetables crystallized and glace fruits, perfumes
mustard and castor OIL all kinds Of Spices
brandy, carved leather work and Mexican embrod-
cries. furniture lumber, sardine packing mining, "a
mineral springs covering the widest range, agricul-
tural implements and mining machinery and products
from over 1000 manufacturing establishments
The herald., 1898-01-02
HORTICULTURE

over 500 varieties of tea, tube and other
roses carnations grown by the acre. hedges Gala
nlles gladious in perfection Freezas cyclamen and
goioen banded lilies; pampas plumes and a variety
81 acacias flaming poinsettias, and rose geraniums
that grow to high; four varieties Of nassion
movers, and wide range Of tropical flowers The
apop.eo nora includes plants all over the world
winch flourish luxuriantly in the south
The herald., 1898-01-02

Early in the century the padres at the
old San Gabriel mission established an
outpost on the
Can ornard,nn southern bank of
wv ""' ~'"v the Santa Ana river,
at the place now
known as Old San Bernardino. At later
date the settlement of Aqua Mansa, or
Quiet Water, was established on the
north bank of the same river about two
miles from the site of the present town
of Cotton.
Indians were plentiful in the county o t
that time, some of W.. ON were not alto
gether disposed to be friendly, and the
scattered settlers not unfrequently had
The herald., 1898-01-02

AGRICULTURE

Wheat corn barley alfalfa, sugar beets lima, castor
and all varieties of beans, potatoes common
and every edible vegetable, English mustard peas,
melons, peanuts, cotton ramie, fax, hemp honey,
beeswax wool, goat hair, silk.
The herald., 1898-01-02

The tourist can walk on snowshoes on
Mount Wilson in the morning, eat or
anges from the tree at noon, and take q
dip in the ocean before sunset.
The herald., 1898-01-02

1t has been said, and very properly so,
that the Franciscan friars had an excel
lent idea of the value
cam+a Rarhara of land, the benefits
o""s" O"' O"u accruing from ia
vorable climate, and
the method of cultivating the soil so as
The herald., 1898-01-02

HORTICULTURE

Oranges, lemons, pomeloes, lines guavas, pome-
granates dates cherimoyers, loquats, bananas, all
kinds of grapes nectarines apricots guinness pples
pears, figs peaches pums, cherries prunes, and all
varieties Of small fruits ripe strawberries every day
in the year.
The herald., 1898-01-02
Riverside

made much of, 1t is
not strange that the
banner orange county should be always
placed in the forefront.
When certain of the settlers in San
Bernardino county established them
selves, in 1871, on the left bank Of the
Santa Ana river they were regarded as
foolish. Less than thirty years ago the
greater portion of Southern California
was regarded as desert" but human in
telligence and skill-and water-have
changed that. But those early settlers
in what is now Riverside county laid
the foundation Of future prosperity bet
ter than they realized. Irrigating canals
were built and orange groves set out, and
by 1858 the settlement was incorporated
as a city, having a population Of about
$500 and an assessed property valuation
of 100000. During the next ten years
it trebled its population and increased
The herald., 1898-01-02

The county of Riverside is the young
est OF the seven sister counties, and as
The herald., 1898-01-02

The city Of Ventura has grown up
around the old mission Of San Buenaven-
The herald., 1898-01-02

The history Of the state begins at San
Diego. True it is that this portion of the
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1898-03-01

bu. Spot firm: No. 2, 367sc. Options opened
firm at Il advance, rose further on bullish
estimates of farm reserves, heavy clear
ances and fair export inquiry, finally re-
acted slightly under realizing; closed steady
at sc. @O''l'e' May % ''-A0'''&'' ''O9e1
Oats-Receipts. $500 bu: experts, 2S6 .24s
bu. Spot quiet: No g 31c. Options quiet
but steadily held, with the other markets,
closing 1sc net higher. May closed at 30Ac.
Hay steady. Hops steady. Hides firm.
Leather steady.W quiet
Beef firm. Cut-meats steady; picked
bellies, $5.75iI7. Lard easy: Western steam,
$40; refined quiet. Pork dull. Tallow bare
ly steady.
Cotton seed oil influenced by an easier
ers favor with demand slow; prime crude
AQ2lc; prime crude, T. o. b., mills, l6Yl612c;
prime summer yellow, &c asked; OF sum-
mer yellow, 221ac.
Coffee-Options opened steady at un-
changed prices; ruled slightly Irregular
selling checked by large warehouse deliv-
cries in this country and smaller receipts at
Rio and Santos, but speculation and de-
mand for spot supplies in open market also
small; closed steady, net unchanged to five
March, 5.45c. Spot-Rio dull; No. invoice,
6Ac; No. jobbers', csc; mild steady; Cor
dOva 71bd151ac; sales 1,500 bags, Maracaibo-
p. t. Rio-Receipts, 1900 bags; cleared for
the United States. 1900 bags; cleared Tor
Europe LOCO bags; stock, $4,000 bags To-
tai warehouse deliveries from the United
States, 2O640 bags. including 1881 bags
from New York; New York stock to-day,
SIC, AL bags; United States STOCK, dS9'S 800
bags; afloat for the United states, So4 VOO
bags; total visible for the United states.
III 1872 bags, against 1I5.6O4 DagS ldsC year
and 1862 bags in 1896.
Sugar-Raw steady; refining, ll-l6c; CEN
trifugal, SO test, 3-16c: refined steady.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1898-03-01
Deaths.

William Stoep, twenty-four years, 1909 Singleton
street, typhoid.
peritonitis.
]. W. Marshall. seventy years, 1883 Prospect
street, gangrene.
Sydney Steele, forty years, 626 East Court street.
nephritis.
John Taylor. twenty years, III East Thirteenth
street, gunshot wound.
Johanna Schultz, seVenty-seVen years. 30 West
Morris street bronchitis.
Sarah Morrel twenty years, 1910 North SEN
ate avenue, consumption
Benjamin A. Robinson sixty-eight years, SIG
Sanders street, exhaustion
Sylvester Keith, two years, 92S West Twenty
fifth street, scarlet fever congestioneof lungs
Michael Diggins, forty years, $40 Nickel street.
Rough -.ats.
Infant Lowell, AZ Bismarck avenue. premature
Darwin w. Butler. sixty-fve years. 9l7 Park
avenue, paresis
winifred Lieper, twenty-one years, 4s5 Howard
street, goiser
Daniel senih, two years, "a Sheffield avenue
consumption.
Wnhelmina Iseman, sixty-nve years. Alb Vir-
ginia avenue. asthma.
Frederick Floerke, forty-four years, SIS Null
berry street, bronchitis.
Robert Grayson. twenty mine years, Sol West
Twelfth street pulmonalis.
Carrie Lynch, twenty years, 1919 East Pratt
street, burning.
Alvin Harvey Horne, ITO South Meridian street,
hamilton.