The San Francisco call., 1898-02-15
This Government Has No Rioht to Secure the Islands With
 out Consent of Natives.
OVERTHROW OF RULER.
Liliuok aIani's Downfall Duo to In- trigues Backed by tho United
 States Minister.
Special Dispatch to The Call.
Call Office, Riggs House,

w dSulHSIOn, rep. If.
 The Senate devoted almost four hours in executive session to the considera- ton of the Hawaiian treaty The prin- cipaI speech was made by Senator Pet tigrew, this being the third installment of his remarks upon the subject.
 Senator Pettigrew devoted himself to-day largely to the administration of President Dole, showing how the Government of Queen Liliuokalani had been overthrown, and to presentation of his views of this Government par ticipation in the revolution. He con- tended that the downfall of the Queens Government was due to a conspiracy on the part of Minister Stevens, repre- senting the United States, and a few citizens of Honolulu, of whom Presi- dent Dole was one, who were backed by the marines from a United States bat tleship.
 He argued that at the time there was no armed force on the island opposed to the Queens Government except the United States marines, "and," said the Senator, If the islands were as rich as the dream of avarice and their ac- ouisition as desirable as that of Louis jana, we could not take title from a Government set up by ourselves with out submitting the question of annexa- ton to a vote of the Hawaiian people.
 ITO do this,' he continued with em- phasis. would be an international crime which would place us on a level with Great Britain in her Subjection Of the weaker nations of the earth, which would be an abandonment of the posi- tion as to the policy of our Government from it's earliest history. Govern ment which declares as does this Gov ernment in it's constitution, that all Government derives it's just power from the consent of the governed, could not afford to depose friendly Government, set up usurping Govern ment in it's place and then acquire title to the country without first obtaining the consent of the people of that coun- try
 Pettigrew read letter from Hon. J. c. Carter, formerly of Queen Liliuoka- lani's privy council, giving his views of the revolution. Pettigrew also con- tended that the passage of the McKin- ley tariff law had been the direct cause of the revolution by which the Queens Government was overthrown, the mo- tive being to secure the bounty of cents per pound on domestic sugar which that law provided. He quoted letter from Minister Stevens saying that the provision for this sugar bounty had ruined the sugar business of the islands unless they could be annexed to the United States, and cited other au- thorities to maintain their contention.
 Pettigrew discussed briefly the char acter of the present population of Ha- waii He said that two-thirds of the people there were males and that this fact applied to all nationalities, includ- ing Americans and other Anglo-Saxons. 1;,, ,-f1 "a to show that the Anglo-Saxon does not go to Hawaii, as he does not to any tropical country, to make a home. The man capable of self-government, he said, must wear wooden clothes a part of the year and for some months feel the frost in his blood.
 Summing up, Pettigrew said that the opponents of annexation claimed to have established four points. They have. he said, shown, first, that the route to the Orient via the Aleutian Islands was 1000 miles shorter than that via Honolulu; second, that no bat tleship coaling on the Hawaiian Is- lands could reach the United States in condition to fight and that on this ac- count the possession of the Islands would be an element of weakness rather than of strength, which was in opposition to the theory that the is- lands were necessary to defense; third, that the commerce of the islands, which had been claimed to be one important reason for their annexation, was con- stantly declining and was less than that of an ordinary county of the United States; fourth that one of the AIeutian Islands would afford more secure footing and a shorter route for . cabIe to Asia than would the route via Honolulu.
 At the close of his three days speech Senator Pettigrew was cordially con- graduated by many of the Senators, in cluding some of the opposition, upon the thoroughness with which he had gone into the subject and the ability with which he had presented the oppo- sition to annexation.
 Teller made a brief statement calling Pettigrew's attention to the fact that the United States Minister was not the only representative of foreign Gov ernment who had recognized the Dole Government. Pettigrew replied that this was true, but that the recognition of the other Governments had not come until the day following the Queens ab- dication, whereas Minister Stevens recognition had been before that time.
 Senator Proctor of Vermont followed with a brief speech in favor of annexa- ton. He devoted himself exclusively to the military phase of the question. He cited the ldCl lIdL EnSldnQ mas strongly fortified posts all along our Atlantic seaboard. beginning with Hal flax. and taking in the Bermudas and the West Indies. He also called at- tention to the strong fortress at Esqui- malt. and said that if England should possess the Hawaiian Islands, as she might easily do in case we let this op- portunity to acquire them pass by, her drum beat would be heard almost en- tirely around the United States, and that she would be able to attack us from her own territory in any direc- tion.
 He also contended that it would be a comparatively easy matter for the Jap- anese to acquire the islands by popu- lating them, as they were apparently very strongly inclined to do He said IIxifad Statar fail "a, s,ax, lxo