davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-05-22

What VIII result Most Of the crea. steps
IN the march Of humanity have been
through coavulsions-eaca one working
ont stains OF superstition. harbar;ty. slav-
cry and ignorance In human blood. Are
we now about 10 see the whole Latin
race gather in one grand and terrible cen
vulsive effort 70 stay the march Of the
condUering genius Of the North? II not.
and they accept the inevitable without
contest, i viii certainly mark a great
change 81 the spirit ct mankind.
The world Is moving very fast IN these
days. and cur people should be prepared
for great and startling events New
problems are pressing Us from within:
new responsibilities are pressing Us from
without. and ws must expecy 70 find them
eQual 20 the grea -ness and grandeur o.
cur fame J. Z. AVER
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-05-22

Afsye substances. and. second. The abess
9Th aisrsglycerin added Smokeless
powders derived from ricric acid and other
substances have been discarded
Among the essentials Ok s.nokeless pow
ders are s.nokelessnesSx stability under
varying conditions. safety IN handling and
freedom from gases injurious 20 guns or
inhalation There are none that comply
with al these conditions. The combustion
Of ssnoksless powder : usually complete.
the resulting gases being chiefly ear5onic
acid and steam
The above uses % the new explosives are
70 weapoaS-grearly improved. IL is true
which In some form have been in use for
many; centuries. But the revolution
wrought by gun Gotten and uitrogiyeerin
il warfare has also brought into a nigh
degree Of efficiency new and terrible de-
vices Of destruction Mines and torpedcss
were only germs during the regime OF
black gunpowder They are now most val
liable adtuncts. especially in naval war
fare. and. In the opinion OF some experts
have superseded. or viii soon supersede
gunnery in relative Importance
Both toypedoes and mines were first usec
IN naval operations n the war OF the re-
bellion. during which struggle twenty
eight vessels were blown up by mines and
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-05-22

body. This gas IL further expanded by
The heat generated during the transform
alton. Any substance that Is capable of
undergoing the above metamoTphosls Is
termed as explosive.
terns os the Discovery.
The germ ~ the science of explosives lay
In the accidental discovery Of the peculiar
properties OF saitpstsr. which is foand
5lenitfufiy scattered - nature upon the
euTfaee OF the plains 81 India and China.
knowledge % IT'S defagrattan qualities
could not well he avoided after the use ef
fire uacn those vast Asiatie stretches CT
Hand for hs means Of the ctarre1 esrihers
Of woni nrss used fer cooking the two
uaest Important ingredients Of gun powder
could easily have been brought taso con-
tact with each csher TIE accidental
drofnfsg % crude sai,petsr upon Goals o.
are would have been followed by pgoiong-
III ard accelerated combustion. wlthou,
any known facts 20 rely upon, historians
keneraiiy agree thar in some such way The
beginnings II The history Of explosives
were snaasnrated sulphur vas doubtless
On after addition rot necessary 10 cause
explosion
Back powder. from she time Of IS in
PRODUCTION inso Europe has always con-
e;s;sd % ssltpv,er, charcoal and sulphur
In various proportions Ar excess 90
charcoal quicie1s combustion. an excess
Of salsreier slackcns IL. TIE propulsion
force depends chiefly on the rate OF corr
sbnstien and volume II gas prasiucsd
~srsins with the proportions ef the mix
ture. Gunpowder gas fills about M times
fhe space occupied hy the solid powder.
improvements t~atary Ago.
II the ingredients % black xunaowsier
have remained the same for many ce,,tyt-
ries x Is not because numerous expert
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-05-22

six by torpedoes. These devices, deadly
as they were at times. were usually OF the
crudest description. The mines were often
merely wooden barrels filed with gun
powder and fired by slow-burn.ng fuses.
No Drawer or more daring naval deed In
relation TO mines was performed than the
passage OF Admiral Farragut's feet
through a channe. in the Mississippi river
known to be alive with mines. One ship.
the Tecumseh, was struck. but though des-
perate odds were against him. the admiral
ran the gauntle. fortunately without fur
Their loss. The cases Of the torpedoss
scraped against the copper bottoms of the
ships, and IN several instances the primers
snapped audibly, but no more torpedoes
exploded.
Danger Of Mines.
During the Franco-Prussss.n war the
French fleets did not enter Prussian har-
bors through fear OF submarine dangers.
The Japanese feet at Yalu did not hesitate
to attack their enemy on the open sea, but
RETAINED from following the vessels up
the river. The hidden dangers were held
TO be far greater than guns. The only
way TO overcome the danger OF mines Is 70
destroy them, slow and laborious task
for an enemy.
A submarine mine is usually composed OF
steel sheet, filed with gun cotton or some
other high explosive, and containing at It's
base decorating substance for firing the
mine. There are three principal varieties.
Al observation mine Is fred from the
shore when the enerny's ship Is seen I'm It's
vicinity. An electrical contact mine. when
struck by a ship. gives notice TO the ope-
rasor on shore. who then fires the mine by
pressing a button. An automatic mine is
seif-fring when struck by vessel The
latter Is dangerous TO friendly as well as
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-05-22

The hr.ef period from fsss SC fss will
perhaps. in coming ages. be best famed fer
the extremely rapid Advancement MADE
en modern explosives. THIS e2ocn-ma king
span OF time may perhaps be further ex-
panded. for the new science - yet IN an
experimental stage. There may be dRcoy-
cries 10 the near future as remarkable and
uasmensous as those Of tbs past decade
ond a half II 80. this period viii be
Houissy remembered. Explosives are
necessarily destructive. ans their SSses-
ep.nxnt srnpsies fhe acquisition Of new and
aerrsbse power. The application OK this
ech<.ne marks tire border Ene between
anese1s ard modern fsfGss.
Explosion nas been defined ss the ex-
tvsrrssy rapid conversion OF solid or liquid
substances into gas or vspor. occupying
many times the volume Of The original
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-05-22

Nitroglycerin was discovered in 1876 by
Sobrero. professor OF chemistry q. Turin.
bat the discovery remained undsveioped
fer many years In 1853 Alfred Nobel, the
noted Swedish chemist. invented dynamite
by mixing liquid n!trogiycerin with a
highly porous infuslonal earth. He also,
in ISIS. invented gelatin ard other expio-
sives for blasting purposes. Dynamite Is
used for gun cotton for military opera
tons. Numerous other explosives have
appeared IN recent years, but most OF
them have disappeared after brief and
unsuccessful trial. Pierre acid has been
known for many years. In 1851 potassium
picrite was used In America and I'm Eng
land as a charge for bombs. In 1857 the
French government introduced picric acid
as rleirite.
RevoIuttoufxed Warfare.
Austria was the first country to engage
deliberately IN the attempted substitution
OF gun cotton for gun powder. A factory
was erected at Nuremberg In 1873 and the
explosive was introduced in some special
artillery. But II was found that the guns
ware attacked by the gases and that thu
high pressures injured the barrels. It was
tAen decided 20 Use the new explosive only
in filing shells and in torpedoeS There
were two terrific explosions IN the HiY-
:enherg magazine. In 1852 ard 1855. ant.
after the second disaster the manufacture
OF gun cotton ceased IN Austria uEtii 1875
Between the years 1854 and 1855 ,he lai-
fial stages were completed which were
destined to revoiutsonze modern warfare
In ths former year r Schuitse. Of Pots
dam. began the manufacture OF runpow-
Ger frena nitrate1 wood. In lS65 SIR Fred
erick Abel. chemist of tire British war de-
partnent, patented a process for purl-
flying gun Gotten, reducing IL 70 fine
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-05-22
CHARGE BY A TROOP OF CAVALRY.

States service explosive. Experiments
with gsn cotton were begun by Prof. Hi
at the United States torpedo station N 1877.
Eleven years later the first gun cotton tor
pedo outfit was issued 10 the United States
ship Trenton. the gun cotton being supplied
in cylindrical disks three inches In DIAM
eter and two inches high.
Cotton better Than Powder.
The manufacture OF gun cotton. and OF
nearly all nitro-compounds. consists of i'm
mersi-g the cotton, glycerin or other ma
terial In mixture OF nitric and suiphuric
acid for long time. The explosive body is
then removed from the spent acid. washed
and treated with alkiiies I'll. al trace OF
acidity is lost. II a trace Of acid remains,
spontaneous decomposition and often ex
plosion occurs. Care must be taken that
the cotton is perfectly pure. In the chem
zeal reaction water In the celiufose is re-
placed by nitric acid. or hydrogen by the
nitro groups. Gun cotton has a much more
powerful effect than black powder and
bursts without leaving any residue. In out
ward appearance II differs only slightly
from the ordinary cotton. but is somewhat
darker. Is harsher 10 the touch and CRATES
slightly In squeezing II is also heavier
than cotton. Il is safer to handle than
dynamite, and one pound gives In com
bustion about 30 1s5 inches OF gas and pro-
duces the effect % from four 20 six pounds
Of gunpowGer. It's preparation for service
10 A complicated process. and u IS made In
various shapes for various uses. In torpe-
does gun cotton Is dstouated by illuminate
OF mercury. which when ignited by blow
expands 70 about q SO times it's own sfze
This sudden expansion gives a severe blow
10 the gun cotton and desonates IL. Full
inmate of mercury Is the chemical cornbi-
nation Of mercury with alcohol and nitric
acid.-Chicago Times-Herald
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-05-22
EXPLOSIVES FOR WAR.
Progress Kads by Science 10 Destructive Ma-
tefiaIs--Gun Cotton and It's Uses.

meats we're rct made 20 improve rs com
position by adding ether substances In
TIA BagceSo made various AtferpssA 10
change the composition. and he had many
followers Inventors are st.u working At
the problem
The construction OF modern guns has
made imperative some notifications in The
form and effects Of the explosive used. A
slow-surnins powder vas needed. which
would burn In INCREASING ratio and desel-
op lis maximum strength just when the
shot reached the :auzx.e OF the gun. Ger
many took the Initiative n this direction
In lssc. when a sicv-buraing powder was
produced ~ that country called cocoa
powder. because IN color II resemhsed a
cake OF chocolate The method OF manu-
tac,ure WAS keps secret. but ether co1n-
tries procured szmpiss OF the powder.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-05-22

AestiIe fleets. unless their vicinity - scrra-
puioasiy Stunned
Types Of Torpehoes.
The Whitehead torpedo, the standard
with EsoSt nations at present was evolved
n 1854 from the brain CT Capt. Lupus. an
Austrian naval officer. TX has since been
greatly improved. X Is n appearance
cigar-shaped, from fourteen - nineteen
feet In length and FROM fourteen 70 nine
teen inches IN diameter at as shickess
point The shell IS made OF steel or pies
ph0r-5ronxe- Within are three compars-
nsntS. In The first IS heavy charge OF
gun eossoE> The second IS the ar receiver
filed with compressed ar, while IN the
third are the nropelsinG engines and guild
ing mechanism. The Howell torpedo. in
vented by a United States naval officer. is
not unlike the Whitehead in shape. but "a
driven by means of a ay wheel contained
IN the she'll.
The navy departments OF most nations
have adopted compressed gun cotton both
for submarine mines and for torpedo
charges II has been selected as the United
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-05-22

ANNUAL. EXCURSION TO VICTORIA
On account or Queens Birthday eeiehra-
tons Single fare for round trim on
steamer CsGy * Kingston May IND and
-3Fd. GOOD returning uD 20 May a5lh.
Steamer leaves Seattle Ak % p. II. For
tickets. etc. call al Yesler wharf Or Norsa-
syn Pselnc city office.
The record-union., 1898-11-29
CzAR OF RUSSIA.
Regrets Attempts to Embitter Re-
1ations With England.

LONDON, Nov 29.-The Paris COR
respondent of the Times" says:
The ''Matin' will publish on Tuesday
an interview of an English politician
with Emperor Nicholas. The inter
viewer, who especially remarked the
kindliness and modesty of the Czar's
demeanor says he spoke sadly and re-
gretfully of the attempts to embitter
the relations of England and Russia.
The conversation mostly turned, how
ever, on the disarmament of Europe, as
to which the Czar spoke with the most
ardor, saying that he wanted tangi-
BILE result
His majesty suggested that the Pow
ers might bind themselves not to in
crease their ornaments for five years,
at the end of which they might meet
again to decide upon future action.
They might also settle their attitude in
the event of menace or. prospective hos
tilities
He suggested, as an example of pos
sible action, that the, recent Fashoda
incident might have been referred by
England to the United States. and by
France to Russia. If these failed to
agree, there might have been recourse
10 an arbitrator, say the Emperor of
Austria In any case delay would have
made for peace
The Car protested, his interviewer
says, with great indignation, against
the idea imputed to him of urging
France and England into conflict. char
acterlZing it as monstrous.
The record-union., 1898-11-29

DENVER, Nov. 2S.-A special to the
News from Ell Paso, Texas, says:
A. j. De Mules, better known as the
Turquoise King Of the Jarillas," was
murdered at the celebrated turquoise
mine, fifty miles north of Ell Paso, in
New Mexico, at an early hour this
morning by a Mexican with whom he
had quarreled about a trivial matter.
De Mules was shot in the back with a
while eating breakfast, and
instantly killed After the killing the
murderer attempted to escape, but was
pursued and captured by several Amer
lean employees. After his capture a de-
termined effort was made to lynch the
prisoner by the large force of mine en-
ployes, but the Americans who had
him in custody and several railroad
men stood guard with Winchesters, and
prevented mob violence.
De Mules was born in New York He
was until recently poor prospector,
but three years ago obtained sufficient
money to develop his Jarflla Mountain
turquoise mines. The mines proved to
be of great value, and De Mules became
suddenly wealthy, and was given the
soubriquet of The Turquoise King of
the Jarillas.''
The record-union., 1898-11-29

rising. and many districts around the
sea of Aral and the Caspian are in
similar plight, according to evidence
equally conclusive. In more southern
regions data equally cogent are ready
to our hand Crete has risen seven
teen feet above it's ancient level; the
old Greek ports are high and dry, and
limestone rocks which the sea never
touches are to be found pierced by
species of shellfish which bores into the
stone, though, it may be added, so lit
tie can any law be formulated regard
ing these areas of elevation and sub
sidence that on the eastern side OF the
island the ruins of several Greek towns
may be seen under the water. Marine
shells far above the highest tidal mark
are found plentifully along the shores
of South America commencing at Terra
del Fuego. and along the west coast
for a distance of at least 2,UOO miles,
and in patches probably as far north
as the Isthmus of Panama, these evil
dences of upheaval being deposited at
elevations varying, according to Dar-
win. from 800 to 1900 feet over the sea
level. The raised sea beaches, which
are taken as proofs of the rising OF the
land. are found not only around the
places already noticed, but along the
outer coast of Norway, South America
at Coauimbo, for example-and along
many parts of the shores of Great
Britain. At Brighton, for instance,
there is a marked specimen of this in
the cliffs east of Kemp Town; while
Robert Chambers wrote an elaborate
work. mainly descriptive of those TO be
traced along the Scottish coasts at all
nights up to 100 feet above the present
sea level. Again, though belonging to
the same class of proofs, the elevation
of the coast here is indicated by caves,
formed by the constant dash of the
waves, being found along the coasts of
Scotland, near CampbeMtown and Neill,
in Cantire for example, at places far
above the reach of the seas, which laves
the base of the cliffs in which they are
excavated In Natal upheaval is still
going on, and the eastern coast of At
rica is generally believed to be rising;
Australia, on the northeast if not on
the whole of the east coast, is rising.
Until A late period in the geological his
tory of Tasmania, the site of Hobart
Town was covered by the sea, and in
New Zealand, though there is an area
of depression on the extreme north
western point, the mass of the land is
rising.-Public Opinion.
The record-union., 1898-11-29
RISE AND FALL OF LAND.
How It Is Illustrated In the E1eva-
ton Of Coast Lines.

A series of thirty marks were made
in 1851 on the Baltic coast. from Tor
nea to the Maze of Norway. and in 1884
these were examined by a commission
of the Swedish Academy of Sciences.
BY these observations it was establish
ed that the movement of elevation was
contained in the NORTH and that of de-
preston at the southern extremity of
the peninsula. About Kalmar and
Karlskrona no change of level could be
detected as having occurred within re-
cent years. but since 1850 it was prov
ed that the head of the Gulf of Bothnia
had risen at the rate of Ito metres
per century. This rate of elevation de-
clines progressively toward the south.
1t is not more than 0.3O of meter at
the Maze, and it zero at Bornholm. The
mean elevation of the Swedish coast
is thus 1.6O meters per century. From
these and host of similar data, no
doubt can exist regarding the rise of
the Scandinavian peninsula, and infer
entially there was period when the
Arctic Ocean communicated with the
Baltic. The japanese islands are also
The record-union., 1898-11-29

SAN LUIS OBISPO, Nov. 2S.-This
town has been excited for the past few
days over the absence of S. NJ. Findley,
Tax Collector of this county, and the
fact that he could not be located. the
suspense ended this morning, when the
Board of Supervisors and District At
torney opened the safe of the missing
official, and found only about 5000,
when as was supposed the safe should
contain about $4,000. Further. exami-
nation at once followed, and from the
books and accounts so far as investi-
gated the shortage is now thought to
reach $4,000
Findley left here November 18th, on
customary trip about the county, and
no suspicion was excited at the time,
but as he had been dissipating of late,
his continued absence presently occa-
stoned remarks, and finally compelled
action on the part of the Supervisors of
the county and his bondsmen, the FL
deity and Deposit Company of Mary
land
The record-union., 1898-11-29
HOMICIDE AT STOCKTON.
A Chinaman Shot and Killed by
Footpads.

STOCKTON, Nov. 2S.-A Chinese em-
ployed at DR.. Clark's Pacific Hospital
was shot and killed late tonight by one
of two men now under arrest, and his
companion, also an employe at the hos
pital. was beaten by the men, but is
not seriously hurt. One of the two
men believed to be implicated in the
affair was shot and slightly wounded,
the bullet running around his stomach
without entering the cavity.
The two Chinese were returning to
the hospital at about IL o'clock, when
they were stood up by two white men.
The Chinese drew pistols, and scuff1e
followed for possession of the guns.
One of the white men got pistol from
Hung Chung and shot him dead. The
other Chinese used his pistol, and es-
capped with his life.
The white men give their names as
George lillian and H. j. Pies.
The record-union., 1898-11-29
THEODORE FIGEL.
District Attorney Barnes Moves to
Dismiss Charges Against Him.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 2S.-District
Attorney William S. Barnes to-day
moved for dismissal of seven charges
of embezzlement and two of forgery
against Theodore A. Gigel, who was ac-
quilted of the murder of Isaac Hoffman.
The murder Of Hoffman, it was stated
at the time, was committed by Figel to
cover up these crimes, but Figel was
acquitted of the murder, and District
Attorney Barnes thinks that there is
not enough evidence to convict Figel
of the charges pending against him.
The matter was taken under advise
ment by Judge Cook who will give his
answer on Saturday.
The record-union., 1898-11-29
ABANDONED AT SEA.
A Barge and Schooner Left in a
Sinking Condition.

PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 2S.-The
towing steamer Orion, which plies be-
tween Boston, Newport News and Nor
folk, arrived at the Delaware Break
water to-day, and reported that the
barge Ocean Belle, which together with
the Enos Soule was in tow of the ORR
on, had been anchored and was aban-
doned In a sinking condition ten miles
south OF Winter Quarter Shoal The
crew was saved. The Enos Soule also
broke adrift, and the OSion is now
searching for her.
A dispatch from Delaware Breakwa-
ter brings the news that the schooner
William Wilson from Philadelphia for
Norfolk, which sprang a leak yesterday
while about four miles out at sea. was
abandoned by her crew and sank to-
day in five fathoms of water The
Wilson is loaded with cval.
The record-union., 1898-11-29
Brandes and Wife Arraigned.

OAKLAND, Nov. 2S.-W. A. Brandes
was arraigned before Justice of the
Peace Gift this afternoon on a charge
of numbering his thirteen-year-o old
daughter. He pleaded not guilty to the
charge and his trial was set for De-
cember 1st. Brandes broke down in
court and wept when he heard the
charge Of murder read against him. He
has employed two local attorneys to
defend him. A half an hour later Mrs.
Brandes was arraigned on the same
charge. She was quite composed and
pleaded not guilty. Her case was set
for trial on December 9Th The hus-
band and wife are not allowed to COM
municate with each other.
The record-union., 1898-11-29
STATE PRINTING OFFICE.
Southern Legislators Recommend
That 1t BE immediately Opened.

LOS ANGELES, Nov. 2S.-The legis-
lators of the seven Southern California
counties met at the Chamber of Com
merce this evening and passed the fol-
lowing resolutions:
Resolved, that the legislators of
Southern California herewith recon-
mend that the State Printer at once
arrange for the immediate opening of
the State Printing Office, that the re-
ports of the Code Commission and other
necessary reports may be printed at
the earliest day possible. and we will
favor an appropriation to this end
Copies were ordered sent to the Re-
publican State Central Committee and
to State Printer Johnston
The record-union., 1898-11-29
The Hale 6 Norcross Litigation.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. %. The
signing by Judge Hebbard of the final
order of distribution in the Hale &
Norcross mining litigation has put the
case outside his court, SO far as addi
tional or supplemental proceedings are
concerned, with the exception of the
future acts of Receiver ]. j. Groom.
Eapers on appeal have been prepared
by Mr.. Baggett, representing the Fox
faction, and by Mr.. Tauszky, on be-
half of the Grayson party, and it is
expected that they will be filed to-
morrow. The question as to whether
Judge Hebbard's order is appealable
remains to be settled. This point will
go to the Supreme Court together with
the many other technicalities in which
the case abounds.