davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26

injury. Beans were up in some places
and are not very seriously injured,
though they are hurt more, perhaps
than any other truck except cucum
Ders; these were killed generally, un
less covered. Some farmers covered
up their beans and potatoes with plows
but those covered are not much better
looking now than the ones not covered
In some instar Cas- the cold seemed TO do
good.
The strawberry crop was not hurt
seriously even where not covered with.
straw, and they are now ripening and
being shipped. Fruit is not hurt, and
the peach crop. espe cially, is now too
large for good fruit; not even enough
KILLED to thin the crop to q proper
q lantIty.
One farm near New Berne used, it is
said, % cords of wood about the farm
smoking the crops to keep IF che frost.
Sawdust and kerosene were used freely
for similar purposes. Cabbage are be
ing shipped; the crop seems now to be
an average one.
We can only account for the little
damage under such low temperature,
from two prevailing conditions: Scar
city of moisture in the ground, and
there having been so much warm
weather early that the ground was
warmer than usual and kept the frost
from entering the soil.
We have had no hard rains this win
ter, and the showers this spring are
very nice and gentle. It is cool now
and bt autlful weather for work. Farm
ers, Notwithstanding the great scare,
and some hurt are hopeful, thankful,
aud earnestly pressing their work. We
have had fewer days hindrance on &C
count OF rain and wind this spring,
than any we remember heretofore, and
some of us can remember more than
half a century back. D.L.
Bollair, N. O., April 16, 1898.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26
MILLEr AS FRRD.
farmer.

DR. Galen Wilson says that millet is
Liable to have disastrous effect upon
the kidneys of animals. There seems
but httle danger If cut before seed
forms, and then fed green. or properly
cured, and fed as hay; but large ma
jOrity of farmers are so careless that
they will not heed this warning, and
illness of animals and veterinary calls
ensue. A few farmers grow and feed
1t with apparent advantage; but they
are of a class who always do things
timely and IN order"
So it seems that the fault is not with
the millet, but with the farmer. A
writer in Wallace's Farmer says:
1.-The Farmer cast some doubts some
time ago as TO the value of millet hay
as feed for horses. In my opinion
tne trouble was that it was cut too late.
Millet hay should be cut when the seed
is In the dough state. have fed it for
five years, and sometimes exclusively,
and my horses are in good condition,
better than when kept on wild hay.
know man who has fed millet hay
tar three years and has never had a
lean horse, but he has some fat ones.
If the seed gets too ripe. it will have q
bad effect on the kidneys. but cut in
time and cured in good condition, when
you feed a forh full you will not have to
rake halt of it up to bed with, as you
do with wild hay
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26

vetch, make valuable fodder, and their
use as fodder does not detract from
their value as fertilizers, if fed upon
the farm and the resulting manure re,
turned to the land.
For soils too sandy TO produr good
clover or winter vetch, blue and white
luplnes and sand vetch are recon
mended for all but the coldest parts of
the United States. These latter three
are worth less as fodder.
To secure the best results, these crops
must be abundsnEly supplied with
phosphoric acid and potash food. From
100 to 200 pounds of muriate of potash,
and from 200 TO 400 pounds of acid
phosphate per acre is good applica
ton. Nitrogen of ammonia is not
needed. The purchased d food given re
mains in the soil, if the green crop is
turned under, for the next regular
money crop, so we get doublasservlce
from it and can aft yrd to use it with a
liberal hand. This is the best and onlg 2
rational way to enrich both farm and
farmer.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26
A SIMPLE CLoOcRusHRR.

A very cheap and effactual clod
crusher, writes M. L. Bell, in an ex
change, can be made by connecting
numbe Of round heavy poles together
with chains. Staples are driven into
the ends OF each pole by which the pole
is fastened TO the links of chain which
come cs~them all together. TIE ends
OF the chain are furnished with q ring,
to which the clevis of the double tree
is attached. Being flexible, the drag
conforms itself to uneven eurfaces.
Such an implement will be found very
useful for leveling corn stubble, break
ing clods in heavy ground, fining
lumpy manure end smoothing ground
in the garden where the seed drill is to
be used.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26
AORTICULTURE
HORTICULTURAL HINTS.

Keep all ashes for the trees.
Peach trees do better when well cul-
tivated.
An orchard uncared for will surely
be unprcfi able.
The gooseberry fourishes best in
deep, moist, but not wet, soil.
Generally there is no advantage in
cultivating the orchard deep.
When it can be avoided do not prune
the grape vine after the sap starts.
Potash is the food material that or
chards are most likely in want of.
Pears need rich soil. Lack of fer
tility is often the principal cause of
failure.
On the production of an overcrop it
costs the tree more to ripen seeds than
TO make the fruit.
Pop corn will mature if planted late.
1t pops best if kept until the second
year after it is harvested.
Tomatoes, it has been found by ex
periments, ripen sooner when exposed
to electrical influences.
Give trees plenty Of room is you
would have them thrifty and vigorous
and bear large, we'll matured fruit.
Potatoes may be planted quite early,
as it will take sometime for them to
make an appearance above ground
Western Plowman.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26
ARTICHOKES.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
have seen several articles In your
valuable paper in regard to raising ar
tichokes for hog feed. lam convinced
that artichokes is the proper feed to
fatten hogs on. Last year saw ad
vertised in an Illinois paper French ar
tichokes for sale; so sent and bought
25 cents worth from which to raise
seed. received them in bad order.
All we're rotten except enough to plant
eleven hills. l planted them two feet
apart and dug them this spring, as l
let them stay in the ground all winter,
and the yield surprised me. / dug
from eleven hills three bushels of good
sound artichokes. planted them the
first of April at the rate Of one and q
half bushels to the acre. / cut them as
| would Irish potatoes. Every piece
had an eye. am satisfied that they
will fatten my hogs this fall. Our
farmers should plant them for hogs,
and save their corn for other purposes.
Respectfully,
J. L COOPER.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26
The VALUE OF COW PEAS.

DR.. Stubbs. of the Louisiana station,
in summing up the advantages Of the
COW pea, gives these points:
1. It is q nitrogen gatherer.
3. It shades the soil in summer, keep
ing it in condition most suitable TO
rapid nitrIf1cation. and leaves the soil
frlable and loose, in the best condition
for q future crop.
8 It has large root development,
and hence pumps up from great depths
and large areas the water, and with it
the mineral matter needed by the
plant.
Its adaptability to all kinds of
soils, from stiffest clays to most porous
sands, fertile alIuvial bottoms to barren
uplands.
1t stands the heat and sunshine of
Southern summers.
6 les rapid growth enables the
farmer to grow two crops a year on
the same soil.
2. II sown thickly it will by its rapid
growth and shade effectually smother
all weeds. and thus serve as cleans
ing crop.
8 Il is a good preparatory crop;
every kind of crop grows well after It.
On the alluvlal lands of the Mis-
sissippi bottoms it serves to pump off
excessive water, evaporating il through
It's great foliage, thus keeping the SOIL
in condition for most rapid nltrifica
tion during the entire growing season
10. 1t furnishes q most excellent food
in large quantities for botn man ana
animals. With all these advantages, 1t
is no wonder that it is C 4lled the clover
OF the South" and were 1T used regu
larly, as one of the crops in regular
but short system of rotation, the soils
Of this section would soon rival In fer,
Eility their primitive condition.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26
LINZ.
be used.

Apply ing Lime-Our best sgricul
tural authorities, including our best
farmers, are recognizing more and
more the value and necessity of an
abundance Of humus in the soil. Where
IE is, there usually ls fertility. A heavy
clover sod is one of the best sources Of
this element, out clover does not al
ways come when wanted Excepting
an abundance of stable manure as @
top dressing, which cannot always be
had by the iArmer, L believe that a
dressing of lime is the best agent for
securing clover. This is the experience
of thousands of farmers. Formerly it
was the pracGlce TO use 200 or 300 bush
els of lime to the acre, and an applica-
tion was out of the question for all ex
Cept those who could burn and apply
their own lime. The expense was too
great for the man who did have the
stone on his farm. 1t has been found,
however, that these heavy dressings
are not the best, unless possibly for the
s5ffest limestone soils that, qneerly
enough, re q lire more lime than other
soils. Many farmers now apply from
25 to 40 bushels of lime to the acre,
with most satisfactory results. Such
an amount is within reach Of the
farmer who must buy his lime, pro
vided the freights are not too high.
When to Apply Lime.-The old time
heavy applications we're usually made
to grass land the summer preceding
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26
MANURING WITH SUNSHINE.

Prof. Gerald Mccarthy, who is so
we'll known in North Carolina, talks
pleasantly in q recent lseue of the
American Cultivator on the q iestion of
manuring with sunshine he says:
The fertiliEing power of summer sun
shine is not fully appreciated by farm.
ers. Sunlight striking bare or fallow
field does not add to it's productiveness,
neither does it improve the quality of
stable manure exposed to It's direct
rays. Yet the sun is the original source
of all terrestrial energy of whatsoever
kind.
1t is generally admitted that the food
which growing plants get from what
are called ara BILE soils is usually lacking
in three elements. These three elements
are phosphosic acid, potash and nitro
gen. The first two exist in nature only
as solids or hq lids. Nitrogen exists in
inexhaustible quantities as gas IN the
air we breathe. Potash and phospnates
we must dig out of the rocks or buy of
those who dig them. NlIogen exists
all about us, and we only need to set
traps to catch it. We Can buy phos
phoric acid and potash for from four to
five cents a pound. For nitrogen in
fran Is to 18 cents a pound. Nitrogen
is necessary for growing plants, but 80
is moisture and warmth. For certain
crops, such as early vegetables, it is
often profitable to provide moisture,
hsat and nitrogen by artificial means,
but for staple crops this policy would
be ruinous.
We can draw upon the stock of nitro
gen in the atmosphere by means Of
sunlight acting upon and vitalIzing
leguminous crops, such as clover,
vetches and peas. All of these can be
grown as between crops," so as not to
interfere with the regular crops
CIovers can be sown in the stubble Of
small grain, or even with the grain
seed. Vetches and peas can be sown
in standing corn at the last cultiva-
tion.
The selection Of a crop to be used as
a nitrogen trap depends largely upon
the locality, soil and system of rota
tion. For States south of the Ohio and
Potomac rivers, the COW pea, crimson
clover and sand vetch are the three
most satisfactory. For more Northern
States red clover, Canada pea and win
ter vetch promise most.
In general, any legume known TO
thrive upon the soil will be satisfactory
as q nitrogen trap When such q
legume is once found and adopted, it
should be continued year after year,
as these crops never give the best re
suits until they have been grown upon
the same field for several seasons, the
longer the better. Rye, turnips and
other non leguminous crops which are
sometimes turned under are of no value
as nitrogen gatherers.
All the legumes named, except sand
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26
TRUCKING IN CRAVEN COUNTY.

resDondence Of the Progressive Farmer.
Ane truckers of this vicinity have
Oeen much scared, but little hurt re
GENTLY, on ac;ount of the cold snap of
"eeK 0-tore last. The thermometer
.s6,S. ereo 81 degrees two mornings and
lI anu Ice formed nearly a quarter of an
10H 'nick In exposed places; the frost
0' lite heavy two mornings, besides
W. W. otner light frosts, and yet some
very tender plants escaped with little
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26

breaking for titled crop. There was
lime enough to waste, and any way
was q sufficiently good way. In case
of light application, according to
modern usage, should prefer to make
it as top dressing on an inveT ted sod,
il benefit to spring crop was wanted,
but preferably to land broken for wheat,
if clover is the chief OBJ ject. Lime sinks,
and the application should be kept near
the surface. 1t must be borne in mind,
however, that it should not be left ex
posed to the air, but needs immediate
mixing with the surface soil. When
exposed to the air it reverts to the
original chemical form in which it
existed before burning. Tnol Ough
mixing with the top soil by use OF the
disc harrow in preparing the seed b. d
for wheat puts the lime where it will DO
the most good IN releasing plant food
in the ground.
The Action of Lime.-Lime is rarely
needed as plant food, it is said, but 1t
breaks up tough plant food IN the soil.
For this very reason it should be used
to grow s1ch crop as clover, which
restores organic matter to the soil.
Lime, without sods or manure, impov
erishes land beyond a doubt. 1t
makes available the store in the soil,
and that means good crops so long as
the store lasts; but good farming de
mands that Wekeep tne supply Of organ
ic matter renewed, therefore the nee
essiEy Of sods with lime. Where clover
Is failing throughoutsome Of our States,
incline to the belief that eppLc cations
of lime in moderate amounts offer q
surer road to more clover than do our
commercial fertilizers, though such q
rule would have its exceptions. AgrI
cultural lime may be bought at kilns
for six or seven cents q bushel, while
builders lime is so per cent. higher.
Where a farmer has the stone and fuel
for burning on the farm, the COST a
Oushel is trIhng The prevailing preju
dice against lime is largely due to IGs
unintelligent use in the past A heavy
application, while somewhat costly,
brought crops for few years, and
when they. dimished, other applica
tions followed. no thought being given
to the necessity of giving the land an
abundance Of vegetable matter TO re
place that which the lime was break
ing up and preparing for use of grow
ing plants. In time the organic por
ton of the soil was used up, and steril
ity followed. A light application-25
to 40 bushels-every five or six years,
to secure good stands of clover, is a
rational and profitable use of lime.
Western dealers sometimes allow only
20 pounds for a bushel of unslaked
lime, but I have in mind, when giving
these figures, the old time, honest
bushel of 80 pounds. Air slaked lime
is not as valuable as water slaked. The
buyer should bear in mind that lime
absorbs moisture in slaking, thus in
creasing the weight, and he can afford
to buy and draw only the unslaked.-
David. in Farm and Fireside.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26

Plant your orchard on strong soil.
Use two year old stocky trees.
Potatoes will go higher and and high
er before the next crop comes.
The Downing gooseberry is consider
ed the best American berry.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26
Vol. 13.
kAcTEk
WAgriCulture
SXFKE All AROUND The FARM.
AAAICESA ~~~~~~~~-~~~~>~~0~~~~~~~~N,
rnnrp ~ BENZ. IKsH, KALEIott, n. G.
All AROUND TIE FARM.
EDITED pY BENZ. IEBT, KALElof1, n. {.

prof nj. Try lat P ofesso- Of Agricul-
.rra 40 iculrural and Mocha ical college Rat
SsJGb has become a regular CO, ibutOr 10 this
Ss1arI menI. All questions relating 20 the fam
%srden or orch Ald will be answered by Pr I.
TrbV.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26

Apple trees should be planted about
IS feet apart.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26

wThe Progress
.,rs Farmer 10 o
go paper---hr
hove the aver
.SScc---and possibly
sSs best Rdverti9-
ioS medium in N.
S Printers' Ink
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26

Has the largest
circulation Of any
family RRricultu-
raj or political
paper published
between Rich-
mond and Atlanta
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-04-26

When to Apply Lime.-The old time
heavy applications we're usually made
10 grass land the summer preceding
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-07
LIFE-SAVING WIT.
Little Girl in a Desperate
Situation.

An instance of extraordinary pres
ence of mind on the part of seven
year-old girl is reported by the ST. Louis
Globe-Democrat. The girls name is
Agnes Mccullough.
Her grandmother, woman of 70
years, had shown signs of mental aber-
ration for several weeks, but no one had
thought of her as liable to commit VIC
isnce.
One morning, however, when Agnes
and the old lady were alone in an upper
room. the grandmother seized butcher
knife which had been lying on the table
and ran for the child, who was sitting
on the edge Of the bed, partially dressed
The insane woman dragged the girl by
the hair and screamed:
"Now I'll kill you! You are none of
my children!"
The little girl, with intuition remark.
able for her years, realized that she was
in the graspo of an insane person.
Grandma, don't get the blood on the
bedclothes. Wait till / get towel"
she said.
The woman released her hold on the
child's hair, and she ran down into the
kitchen, where she told her mother.
The two hurried to the police station.
and an ambulance removed the old
woman to the hospital.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-07
Animals That CYcIe.

1t may surprise many to learn that
there actually exist large number of
animals and birds which derive almost
as much enjoyment as human cyclists
from trips on the bicycle. Of course,
considerable time and patience were
necessary to educate them up to the
appreciation of the finest health-giving
pastime on earth. AS might be ex-
pected, monkeys take an easy first
place after mankind In their regard
of the wheel. Besides these, dogs have
been trained to ride cycles. Members of
the feathered world have proved apt
pupils in cycling, and there are at least
two cockatoos whose command of the BIZ
cycle is as perfect as it is wonderful
One belongs to the Bellonis, the owner
of the very talented family of birds,
and, besides ordinary riding, it gives
an aerial performance, riding a tight
wire. The other clever cockatoo was
trained by Mile. Irma Orbasono, and
rides tricycle.. But these two birds use
their beaks for the purpose of steering
their machines and pedal with their
claws.-London Cycle,
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-07
SAVED BY HIS OWN BLOOD.
Writing ON a Bank Note Leads to tn e
Release of "a Long Con-
fned Prisoner.

Some years ago the cashier of a Liver
pool merchant received a small Bank
of England note, which he held up to
the light to make sure it, was genuine
In doing so he noticed some indistinct
brownish marks, as if words had been
traced on the front of the note and on
the margin. Out of curiosity he tried
to decipher them. In a weak solution of
acid the words came out much more
legibly, and he was able to read the fol-
lowing sentence:
eff this note should fall in the hands
of John Dean, of Longhillmar, he will
learn thereby that his brother is Ian
gushing prisoner in Algiers."
Mr.. Dean, when the note was shown
him, lost 10 time in asking the govern
ment for assistance, and finally secured
the freedom of his brother, on payment
of a ransom to the dey. The unfor-
tunate man had been prisoner for II
years. and had traced, with a piece of
wood for pen and his own blood for ink,
the message on the bank note, in the
hope of its being seen, sooner or later.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-07
SHE WAS FROM CHICAGO.
And the Way the Young Lady Could
Sling Slang Was
Caution.

"One Sunday afternoon I went for
walk on Connecticut avenue with nv
wife and one of her old school friends,
pretty young married woman from
Chicago, who is visiting u.s." said cit
izen to Washington Star man. "Our
visitor wore a swell costume-an Eng
lish walking dress, believe it's called
with lot of braid and things on it.
1t was really a stunning dress, and
unique, too, for / take notice of WON
ems clothes since l got married. and
certainly hadn't seen any frock quite
so swagger as this black dress that our
Chicago visitor arrayed herself in for
the promenade. Well, the dress certain
ly attracted attention. Women coming
the other way would begin to inspect
the cut of the dress whep they were half
block off, and they just riveted their
gaze on it as they passed by our party.
Our guest from Chicago enjoyed their
inspection of the costume hugely. She
expressed her enjoyment over the sen.
sation she was creating in characteris-
tic Chicagoese. Three young women
more than craned their necks to size
up the furbelows on the dress.
"'Now, will you get next to those
girls a-rubber-necking at this blanket
of mine!' she broke out, laughingly. as
the girls passed By, and, say, do yon
know, 1t didn't sound half so bad as it
does when say il ?"
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-07
The Younsest Sailor.

Perhaps the youngest sailor is one
aboard an American bark now lying at
this port. Though but a few months
more than six years, he has been twice
around the world. out by way of the
Cape of Good Hope and home around
the Horn and he has made other long
voyages besides. He is the captains
son. He began going to sea when he
was IS months old, and he has been on
most of the voyages of his fathers
ship since, sailing when his mother
sails, He is a good sailor and never
seasick. He has a suit of oilskin and
rubber boots and a sou'wester, so that
he is not confined to the cabin in rainy
weather. He does not. of course, come
on deck in heavy blows or very bad
weather, but he would if permitted
come out in all sorts of weather.-N. Y.
Sun.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-07
More Important.

A horse had fallen in the street and
obstinately refused to get up. The man
with the valise, who had been watching
with eager interest for more than an
hour the efforts of the police to get the
animal up, was accosted by friend.
Hello, Ferguson, what are you doing
with that gripsack?"
what gripsack?"-and he looked
down. 20, 1 remember. had started
for New Orleans. Chicago Tribune,
A shepherd at Chambery, Savoy, en-
ploys a horse instead of a dog to keep
the herd together. The horse under
stands the orders given him and carries
them out as intelligently as the best
trained dog.
The Winslow mail., 1898-05-07
What Is pen1ement in India.

In every native house in India there
is shrine in which the household gods
are placed, like the illon in Russian
house. The very shadow of European
or native of q different caste passing
over these or the culinary utensils of
the family is a defilement; but the use
of malodorous disinfectants is, in the
belief of the people, an outrageous des-
ecration, calculated to,seall down on the
family the wrath of the gods, and only
to be atoned by rigid pryaschif (pen-
ance) and the administration of the
panch gaviya, foul pill composed of
the five products of the cow.-West-
minister Review