davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
TURQUOISE AND SAPPHIRE.
Some Points of Difference Between
the Two Beautiful Gems.

Some Points of Difference Between
the Two Beautiful Gems.
Some one has recently sent an inquiry
in reference to the turquoise and the
sapphire, knowing only that both were
blue gems, but unable to state the Diff
ference between them, says the New
Orleans Times-Democrat. The sapphire
is transparent gem, like the ruby,
topaz and others. It is blue, and next
In hardness to the diamond. The sap
phire is pure crystallized alumina. The
turquoise is hydrated phosphate of
alumina. It is also blue, like piece of
sky, but is Opaque, and comes mainly
from the mountains of Persia. That
fndefnable property, like the "water"
of diamond, or the luster of pearl,
is in a turquoise called the Eat. In the
middle ages many superstitions were
attached to it, and virtues ascribed to
it. It was said to strengthen the sight,
to save the bones in fall, to pale if the
possessor was sick or died, but to re-
cover its color when another owner
took it. Most extraordinary fancy of
all, it was asserted that when sus-
pended by a string it was capable of cor
rectly striking the hours in some mys-
ferrous way on the inside of. a. glass.
Some very beautiful specimens of tur-
luoise can be seen in the National muse
71m at Washington, both singly and also
fncrusted On Persian boxes and bowls.
as ornaments. d -.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03


ton returns S. 81. i. II 90
sWamper Carripoo assisting messenger .s
with ba Hot boxes from Gnn1int . . q 90
swamper Garriboo messenger with blanFs / 20
B. Marsch clerk Of registration and i
election $40
]. Geuegck clerk Of registration and cleo
ton {. s. {. S... &. 90
Geors Wartner judge of registration and
election -. Z. s. go
r. Graetz judge o. registration 1 rs
J. "A. Craig judge of registration and
election .:.. s.: .,.. So. a5
Hans Larson judge of election and regis "
tration ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. $40
Ludwig Eliasen rent of hall for legistra- Ez
ton and election Nov s. 1898. ..ss... go
Ludwig Elasen rent of hall for reg1stra- 4ssz
ton and election March Is, 1885,. 900
Fred Jackson messenger with returns
$500 posting notices 75c. ...............4, SIS
Fred Jackson day on canyasing board =
and mileage. ............. 90
Ole Brunes day on canvasing board and g
mileage .......... ........... 700
VIM. Fisher day on canvasing board
and 4 day clerical work ........ 80. so
9. H. Csrhart day On canvasing b, ard. 8 90
G. III. Carhart services as corener in case
of Mrs, Sophie Christ enson, dead. 100
G.. H. Carhart postage for reg ster OF
deeds.... ................ ...... 10 90
Hans Engelson 5days committee work on
johnson Nickel Mining Co. road..... Is 90
Fret Jackson days committee work Oh -
johnson Nickel Mining Co.. road .... Is 90
Gust Olson days committee work on
johnson Nickel Mining 10. road. ... Is 90
Gnst Olson flags for election purposes. go
VIM Ellquist superinte ndent of schools
express SIC. postage S1.40.... ........... 1876
Kelley Hardware Co. pipe and elbows for
court mouse. .............. B 90
Brown Treaey & Co. books, blanks. cleo
ton booth .................... ..... Sc 50
Chris Murphy publishing state and coun-
ty tickets. ....................... ....... 81 90
Chris Murphy publishing commissioners
proceedings ..............:..: $50: II 90
Chris Murphy printing county tickets
aud notices of election ..... 81 90
Andrew Larson care of Mrs. Sophie
Christensen Aug list to Doc. Bird ... 81 so
J. F. Tibbe IS coffin and robe for Mrs.
Sophie Christensen ................ -. rs 90
Andrew Peterson cutting wood for Mrs.
henson Gays ....... .................. rs
Aaolph S. Carlson preventing and exiting
ushing fire days. Observation-Disclosures. 500
George Wartner posting notices .... 10 90
Chris Holte cutting road per appropria-
ton Sept 2, 1s9s.......... ............... 40 90
Board adjourned. Sine die.
VIM. FISHER. Auditor
By NELLIE FISHER, Deputy
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
PRESENT DAY BARBARiANs.
French African EXPEDITION said "a Ma

french African Expedifion said to ne
Tn tfunl fLlty Of AstonisllinsC Cruelty.
s8 q greWsome account Of the conduct
OF the French expedition which has 1ust
made its way to the Nileis given byone
OF it's members ina private letter, saws
the Boston Transcript. He SAYS they
impressed all their native porters and
other help by force; in brief, seized and
made made slaves of them. Then, if any Of
them tried to escape, they shot or
hanged them. When they came upon a
village and found it deserted they set
It atire, whereupon the inhab itants, who
were hiding near by, would come back
and try to extinguish the flames. thus
giving the French an opportunity to
seize some of them to replenish their
slave train. The French would seize
the chief and tie him up until be fur
nished the required number of slaves.
II they did not succeed in calling any of
the natives within reach by incendiar-
ism or other means they simply looted
the village. At night they kept as
close watch upon the slaves as pos
sible, "bur they would now and then all
run away together. and it was not easy
to kill the whole lot"
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
TESTING CHRONOMETERS,


The Interesting Process Of Adjusting
Watches for Temperature.
Before a. frst-class watch is sold it
adjustments" and one of the most
important is the adjustment for tenn
perature.
Chronometers are adjusted for tenn
peratures varying from so degrees to
90 degrees, as a rule, but some makers
especially in France-coo4t them down
TO zero, and often they are heated to
100 degrees. Beyond this point it is
dangerous to heat them, as the Oil
would be liable to injury, and even the
works might suffer.
Pocket watches are adjusted for tenn
peratures varying from IS degrees to IS
degrees. The process consists in put
ting the watch in a close-ftting case,
and placing this in a cold room, or q
refrigerator with ice, and leaving it
there for some time, altering the works
so as to make it keep regular time
Then it is very gradually heated, great
care being taken not to let the moisture
in the warm air condense upon it.
Next it is put in a specially con-
structed oven, and heated to 90 or 100
or 100 degrees, the machinery being
again adjusted to goregularly. Chron-
clneters are usually kept week in the
cold chamber, then week in the hot,
and again a week in the cold chamber.
After that they are ready to make voy-
ages to any port between the equator
and the poles without p I'd losing or gaining
a minute. .'....,' 49,.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
GRAND MARAIs. MINI. DEC. 8, 1928. \
HORSE THAT KNEW IT'S DUTY.
When His Master Was Sick He Got
on as Well Without Him.

,
when His Master Was sick He Got
ON as Well Without Him.
A remarkable display of animal sa-
gacity was given the other day in Ken,
sington by the horse driven by old Har-
Fy Pindle, an itinerant coal dealer, says
the Philadelphia Record. Harry has
been small dealer for years, and many
q bucket Of coal he sells to customers
of 20 years. standing. ''Hector," the
old bay horse, has been owned by
Harry for several years, and although
he is old and lame, the animal serves
his master we'll. Last week, while out
with a load of coal, Harry was taken
sick, and, leaving his six-year:-old grand
son on the wagon, he went into a
friends house to rest. Now, Hector
evidently got tired of waiting, for when
Harry, who had become very sick, came
out with his friend to be driven home,
the team was gone. Late that afternoon
the grandson came home with an empty
wagon, and explained that Hector had
gone over the regular route, and that
the people who had been waiting for
their coal came out and took what they
wanted and paid for it. Harry became
very i'll, and was confined to his bed for
over a week, but the supply of coal
never stopped, as Harry's oldest son
would load the wagon before going to
work, and the team would be sent out
in charge of the little boy. 1t has been
proven since that old Hector never
missed customer, and he is now
pointed out as remarkable horse.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
Notice for Publication.

Land Office at Duluth. Mimi, Nov. 3. 1898
named settler has filed notice of Intention to
make final proof in: support of his. claim. and
that sal proof will Ee made before j. 6. Miller
Clerk of District court at Two Harbors Mimi.
on jan 9, 1699-
viz:
Charles A. Wickstrom who made homestead
entry No S645 for the fri. VIZ of nwA and VIZ of
swA, section township 62 range east Of 4th
p. m.
He names the following witnesses to prove his
continuous residence upon and cultivation of,
said land viz
Charles J HagbeTg, Carl G. Peterson, Otto
Peterson and Gust Falk all Of Rowland Min.
VIM E Culkin.
l-G Register.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
The Worship or Athletes.

4 Both boys and men, when they have
opened any pa per, very soon turn to see
what IS said about athleticss People go
IN thousa nds to see matches Of cricket,
boating, football, running and bicycle
races; matters connected with. these
matches: keepEthe telegraph busy and
1 furnish the large shead ings FOR posters;
they induce en- Of the highestpo sition
and gravest character. to write to the
newspapers. and to discuss such mat
tiers from purely athletic point. of
view, leaving out of sight all moral
questions whichs ma happen to besin-
volved. Port traits Of athletes are every ever
where and their histories and condition
are generally known. IS I was present
when a certain distinguish ed man was
introduced to a great English bishop
He is the father of P. T - -. said his
ilna1troducer, naming 8 "a youth wei KNOWN
for his powers Of cutting att nal Re-
view .. 5,3s @ss -. ~ r "a
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
CAUSES OF POVERTY.

Some Conclusions of Statistfctans as
to the MisfOrtunes of the Poor.
Various attempts have been made
recently to get at the causes of poverty
by means of statistics. In Europe pau
pers are defined to be those who receive
aid from the government or charitable
funds. The proportion of paupers to
the whole population is highest in
England, % per 1000. In Scotland it is
"a, in Ireland 20, in Holland 20, in Italy
10, in Austria 9, in France 8, and in
Germany T. There is no similar di-
vision made officially in the United
States, and, taking the country
through, the proportion here is less.
probably, than 2 per cent. When it
comes, however, to the causes Of pow
erty the American statisticians are, So
to speak, right in line with what some
persons would call their conjectures,
but what they describe as their con-
illusions. Thus, of 100 cases of pow
erty II per cent. are chargeable to
drink in excess, 21.3 per cent. to what
the statisticians call misconduct
rather vague designation for unwise
OR reprehensible acts; 99.5 per cent. to
lack of work or inadequate pay for
work done, Or insufficient, half-time
employment, and most of the remain
der to misfortune"
What particular distinction the sta
tisticians are able to establish between
"misconduct'' and "misfortun e. is not
easily stated, for some acts of miscon-
duct are clearly due to misfortune, and
many instances of misfortune. are d.
rectly traceable to misconduct, but the
statisticians do not concern, themselves
with such trifles as these They only
deal with what they call "broad propo-
sitions," and one of them, Charles
Booth, of East London, has ascertained
by Investigation that in the poorer dis
triots of the British capital exactly 10
per cent. of those male or female adults
who are charge either upon the gov
eminent or upon others for reasons not
arising from physical causes owe their
Indulgence to drink, though it has been
observed by some travellers in East Lon
don (and travellers who are not sta
tisticians) that the absence of dring is
at times more poignant cause of the
visible distress than is unbridled in
diligence in ale, porter or bitter beer.
London spends $6,ooo,ooo a year for
the relief of the needy, Paris $4,000 900,
Vienna $3,o00,00o, and Berlin So ZOO, 900.
Greater New York will expend, approx
mately, $4,000, 00o.-N. Y. Sun.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
Contest Notice.

Department Of the Interior, UnitedrStates Land
Office. Duluth MIMI, Aug gust 81, 1898.
A sufficient contest affidavit having been fled
in this office by J. D. Flory, contestant. against
homes cad entry No. 1884, made June "a. 1892,
towship IL north, range west, by Louis n.
Brochon, contestee, in which it is alleged that
Louis N Brochon has failed to reside on cultivate
said parties are hereby notified to appear, re-
spond and offer evidence tot ching sid alleys
ton at 10 o'clock M on Octoter27, 1885, before
the Register and Receiver of this office, at d.
lu1h MINI,
The said contestant having. in proper sf1idavit,
fled August 81, $685. set forth facts which show
that after due diligence, personal service Of this
directed that such notice be given by due and
proper publication. 80 =s1.7 ssE..s57-1 2.
.- 9-24 .@3- VIM. E. .Cui kin, Register.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03

Timber land. Act June 3, 1e7s-Notice for Pub
lication:-United States Land Office, Du; nth
Mimi. October ~. 1895
=, Notice is hereby given that in compliance with
the provisions Of the act of Congress of June 8,
1878. entitled can act for the sale of timber lands
il the States Of California, Oregon. Nevada and
Washington Territory as extended to all the
public land states by act Of August t. 1892, Lanrts
Elingson, of Hovland. county of Cook, state of
Minnesota; has this day filed in this Office his
sworn statement No. 1929, for the purchase OF
the lot 8. of section IS in township 81, north
range east and will offer proof to show that
the land sought is more valuable for its
timber or stone than for agricul tural purposes,
and to establish his claim to said land before the
register and receiver Of this office at Duluth
MINI. on Mond y, the 18TH day Of January, 1875.
He names as Witnesses:
=, Louis Ellingson, Fred A. Gross, Albert F,
Gross and Anton Grande Of Duluth MINI. and
George signalneSs of West Superior Wis.
Any and all persons claiming adversely the
above-de *cribed lands are requested to file their
CLAIMS in this Office on or before said 18th. day of
January, 1899. - s ~ 80. , > -
VIM. e. Culkin, Register.
B IN. Johnson, Atty. 1879 F."
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
Notice for Publication.

Land Office at Duluth M inn, Sept. 10 1898. :
Il Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his int nion to
make final proof in support Of his clsim. and
that said proof will be made before the Register
and Receiver at Duluth N inn, on November 3oth,
1898, viz:
Swan Nordquist, homestead entry No. $40 for
the lots and and sA of neA section 6. township
81 NORTH. range 8 west Of 18th P. NJ.
He nam,s the following witnesses to prove his
cntinuous residence upon and cultivation of,
said land, viz:
George Mariner. Peter G, Erickson and
Robert 81. Wilhelm of Gunf1nt MINI. and j. A.
Tucker. r. R. Graetz and Ole Erickson of Grand
Marais MINI.
VIM. e. Culkin, Register.
W. H. Smallwood Atty. ~
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
Notice for Publication.

Land Office at Duluth, Mimi, Oct 10. 1898.
named set tier has fled notice of his Intention to
make lin proof in support of his claim, and
thaa said proof will be made before the Register
1898 VIE:
=, Henrey johnson who made homestead entry
y No 900 for the 81 of ne4 neA of SEX section
u an swA OF nwiz section 90 township 62' north.
range west of 4th ?. M.
He names the following witnesses to prove his
continuous residence upon and cultivation of,
said land, viz:
John Po'zin, Ed. J otnson, August Amunson,
Warren A; Ananle and Gust L. Peterson all of
Lu,sen MINI =
VIM E. Culkin Roigeter
B. n j Johnson, Atty. lC.l5 -
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
Notice for Publication,

Land Office at DUR tn Mimi, Sept. 10. 1898.
Notice is hel eby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention to
make final proof in support of his claim, and
that said proof will be made before the Register
and Receiver at Duluth MINI, On Novem Der 9th,
1898, viz
August Steiner who made homestead entry
No. 1o26l for the lot section 29 aud lots and
section 81 township Ga north range west.
He names tEe following witnesses to prove his
Land viz:
- William Forster, Henry R. Zebott and Mike
Vogds of Grand Marais Mimi. and Albert F.
VIM. E. Culkin Register.
B. N. johnson Atty. lO-1
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
Wawlfng, Wowlinx, CateryvauI1nr.

Wawling, Wowling, Caterwau11ng.
. The word 'wawling," and it's variants
"wewling" and t'wowling," are fairly
common in modern folk-speech. Up
here in Northumberland we have it
"wowling;" in Bucks and Oxen I have
heard both "wawling" and "wewling"
applied to the plaintive or wailing cry
OF little children. When. the English
Dialect Dictionary extends to ''W,"
Prof, Wright will, no doubt, show the
range and nuances of the term, as he
has already done with ''bell'' and ssbell-
ing" Shakespeare makes use of
"wawl'' once at least. See 'Lear," w..
vi, in which the aged king tells Clos
ter:
'"Thou know'st the first time that we smell
the air
We wawl, and cry"
Notes and Queries.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
Notice for Publication.

Land Office at Duluth, Mimi. Nov. 4, 1893
Noticols hereby given thatthe following named
settler has filed notice of his intention to make
final proof in support of his claim, and that said
ver at Duluth, MINI. on December 2e 1873, ' VIZ:
Andrew K. Overhye. who made Homestead entry
No. 1888 for the swA of swA of Section 2. ard
n1a Of nWh andn wa of neA Of section II, town
ship 81 north, lange 2 west.
He names the following witnesses to prove his
continuous residence upon and cultivation of
said land, viz:
Eugene S. Mnrrell August Bengston, Gretta
Maria Heger and Michaei Murphy all Of Grand
Marais Mimi
lilo VIM. E. Culkin. Register.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03

ACTIVE SOLICITORS WANTED EVERY
1Awhere for N he Story Of the Philippines by
Murat Halls cad. c"mmiss oned by ii e G.vern-
ment as Official Historian to the War epart-
ment. The book was written in army camps at
IAN Franciso, on the Pacific with GeDer, i Writ
IN the hospitals at Honolulu, in Hong Kong. in
the American trenches at Manila. in the insur-
gent camps with Aguinaldo ON he deck Of the
Cl1 mpia with Dewey. and in the roar Of attic
ut the fall of Manila Bonanza for agents.
Brimful of original pictures taken by govern
ment photog1 apher~ on the spot Large book.
Low prices Big profits. Freight paid Credit
given. Drop all tra>hy unofficial war books.
utfit free Address, F. r. Barber, Star In
surance Bldg, Chicago.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
NOTICE for Publication.

Land Office at Duluth MINI. Oct: 7 1909.
Notice is hereby given that the following
nam sett Ter has ed notice Of his INTENT u to
max tnal proof in support of his claim, and
that SUD proof will be m de before the Register
and and Receiver at Duluth MINI on November rs,
aCarl A.; Hokanson homestead entry No $3.50
ZOE the 2 z or seq, sW of seA and lot section
a: township so north, range 8 west. s1Es5-
Il ne names the following witnesses to prove his
continuous residence upon and cultivation Of
said land, viz: =. E
Noel HamIin, Charles A. A. Nelson and August
~. Peters on of Lutsen. MIMI. and Charles j I.
ohnson of Grand Marais, Mimi - - al s.
@t, &lu-lo = ~ 4. Wm, e. Culkin Register
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
Notice for Publication.

Land Office at Duluth MINI. Nov. 8, 1898
named settler has fled notice for his intention to
make final proof in support of his claim and
that said proof will be made b'fo-e J. G.. Mill r
Clerk Of District Court at Two HarbOrs Mimi. on
Jany. 9th, 1899. viz
Carl Gustaf Pc erson who made homestead
entry No: 9959 for the fri. ehs Of nek and eh of
seq section g. township 62, north, range east of
4:h D. m.
He names the following witnesses to prove his
continuous residence upon ana cultivation of
SAID land, viz:
= Charles A. Wickstrom Charles J. Hagberg.
Fred hagberg and Charles Peterson all of How
land MINI.
Wm E. Cu]kin,
ll-R Register.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
Timber Land, Act June 3, s7s-Notice for Pub
jcation.-u: s. Land Office, Duluth, MINI

- = q .
I Notice is hereby given that in compliance with
tae PROVISIONS OF the act of congress of June g.
in the States of o.
Washington Territory" as extended to ali the
publlc land states by act of Aug. 4 1892. Charles
nttrand, Of Harding. county of St. Lou state
of Minnesota, has this day fled in this Office his
st st t. No 1925 for purchase Of the
range west, and will offer proof to show
that the land sought is more valuable for
its timber or sto, than for agricultural purposes
and t., establish his claim to said land before
the Regis and Receiver of this office at Du-
iluth, Minn., on Tuesday, the 10Th day of Decem-
Der, 1893
He names as witnesses:
George Signalness and John J. Moe of West
Superior Wis, Reinhold r. Graetz of. Grand
M:rais MINI. and Andrew T. Bestul Of Duluth
MINI.
Any and all persons claiming adversely the
above described lands are requested to file their
claims in this office On before said 2Otn day of
December. 1895
VIM Culkin, Regist> r.
B. N Johnson Atty. 1O15
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
Notice for Publication.

Land Office at Duluth, Mimi. Sept 16, 1898.
NOTICE is hereby given that the following nam
final proof in support Of his claim and that said
proof vii! be made before the Register and Re-
viz:
John Gustafson, who made homestead entry
No SOTO for the lot section 80 and 81 of sek
and seA of swA. lection 10, township 81 north,
range east of 4th .. m.
- He names the following witnesses to prove his
continuous residence upon and cultivation of
said land, viz: /,
-; A off S: Carlson. John Berkeland, John
Ellasen and Godfred ElDan all of Hovland Mimi
" m. e. Culkin. Register
B, N. johnson. Atty 994
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.

Land Office at Duluth. Mimi, Nov. 4, 1893.
Notice is hereby given that the following ua1n-
ed settler has filed notice of his intention to
said proof will be made before the Register and
Receiver at Duluth, Mimi. on December 20, $685.
viz:
Gretta Maria Heger who made homestead entry
No. S434 for lot and swA , f swA section 2, and
lots and section 3, township 63 north, range
west.
He names the following witnesses to prove his
continuous residence upon and cultivation of
said land, viz:
Eugene ). Murrel, August Bengston, Andrew
IS. Overbye and Michael Murphy all Of Grand
Marais Mimi.
<*.2$s r. 11-12 q VIM e Culkin, Regi ter.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-12-03
Notice for Publication.

Land Office at Duluth MINI. Nov. !, 1899.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has fled notice of lis inten ion to
make final proof in support of his clam, and
and Receiver at Duluth Mimi on Decen. Der 20,
1898. viz:
Eugene S, MurreIl who made homestead entry
section ID. township 63 North, range west.
He names the following Witnesses to prove his
CONTINUOUS residence upon and cultivation OF
said land. viz
Greta Maria Heger, August Bengston, .ndrew
X. Overbye and Michael Murphy all Oh Grand
Marais MINI.
11-19 VIM. E. Culkin Register