davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
ABBREVIATED TELEGRAMs.

The garrison of Paris has been re.
enforced by troops from Versailles.
Arthur Feige. aged 10, of Eau Claire.
Wis, committed suicide by shooting
himself.
William Carr got lost in a recent bliz-
zard and was found near Seney, Mich,
frozen to death.
a plan is on foot for the organization
of a series of hospitals at all the chief
points in Alaska.
Miss Clara Barton has given a con-
tract to large bakery at Havana to
make crackers for the reconcaptrados.
Large peach growers in Van Buren
county. Mich, say that the recent cold
weather has not damaged the crop.
Count Gustav Siegmund Kalnoky de
Koros-Patak. formerly Austro- Hungar-
ian minister OF foreign affairs, is dead
aged O..
There is some talk CT the betrothal
of Queen Wilhelmina to Prince Louis
Napoleon, now colonel Of the cZarina's s
lancers. in the Eussion army.
Rev. y. E. Smith, pastor of the Meth
| odist church at Defiance. O.. has an
nounced from his pulpit that the high
hat will no longer be tolerated in his
| church.
| The report of. the national civil SER
! vice commission says that an expert
ence OF fifteen years largely realizes all
that was hoped for by the advocates
Of that reform.
| The government over 10 years age
passed a resolution in favor OF honoring
the memory of General Joseph Warren
who fell at Bunker Hill. hut FOR some
reason nothing ever cane of. it.
Some Oshkosh, Wis, boys found ir
a pile of garbage the body of a malC
infant. 1t weighed about eight pound.
and was evidently alive when born
There was a rope around its neck.
Vice Chancellor Stevenson, of Jerse,
City. has decided in effect that unior
labels designated to indicate fair-mad,
goods are not privileged trademark
and may be copied with impunity b,
anybody.
A committee. oc which A. L. Sortes
Jr.. of Iowa. is chairman, will report t,
the next national G.. A. r. encamp
ment plans for a national military col
lege, under the auspices of the G.. A. r
and Sons of Veteelns.
The latest dispatches from Guatemala
! state that anarchy reigns throughou
the country. That is the direct rcsul
, Of the assassination of President Bar
rios and the plotting Of leaders to &c
into power in the republic.
The growth Of irreligion in France
marked by the fact that the govern
, ment has given orders to the mint tina
r henceforth the inscription "Dieu pro
tese la France" (may God protec
, Franco shall be omitted from all coin.
About i5, 600 sovereigns pass over tn
CanlI of England counters every day.
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
REVERTED BROWN Is CUT.
Il icagO CenSreSatisnalists Drop Tim from
=. Their Membership Roll.


Chicago, Feb. 15.-Rev. e. O. Brown
w2s formally dropped from membership
In the Chicago Congregational associa-
tion yesterday. A special meeting had
been called fer the purpose of taking
action on his letter of resignation. sent
from San Francisco some time ago, and
which also contained request for a spe-
cial meeting TO hear him. Browns S
letter admitting his guilt and asking to
be retired was read. Then Brown, who
was accompanied by his wife, was
given an opportunity to be heard. but
was cut short when he requested that
he be allowed to withdraw his letter OF
resignation. and committee appointed
to report on the advisabiiity Of accept
ing Browns resignation. The commit
tee subsequently reported in favor ca
acceptance, and this report was adopt
ed by vote OF nearly three to one.
The debate continued on the question
as to whether Brown should not also
be dismissed from the association on
the grounds OF Illegal membership
Brown made strong appeal for re-
storation, saying among other things
that the association should forgive him
as the Lord foreave Peter after the
apostle had denied him. Rev. J. A
Adams made the only address Of thG
session bearing upon the merits of the
case. He said Brown was not being
censured for his sin in San francisco
but for two years of duplicity. Peter
| went out and wept Immediately aftel
he sinned. Ii took Brown two years"
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
OF All the seasons
or the Year +.
That pcliol which ma, k; a change

That peliO1 which marx; change
from winter into III. lap of spring is the
lpO,t dangerous. Ii is the time when the
air is filled With disesss, when the vii d
WATTS pneumonia and other pulmonary
tr uble with Every bveeZa. The fatalities
OF this character are .impy a!armiug. and
IN spite of all warnings they seem to lie III
creasing. Pneumonia co nes suddenly, it
acts quickly and far too often Ie>ults fatal
ly. TO check ard repair the waste of sIch
a disease is prob en- every doctor SET Ks 10
solve. ard if he could only fad some means
10 replace the rapid waste OF tissues in the
human structure fastr than it goes on.
there is no disease which he could rot con-
quer. lie is like the slche uists Of tldcu
times, continually seeking The tns magical
solvent " hich should turn all things into
gold. 1t Is a question Of 5 innl"n., and
experience lis him there is nCthirg to
equal PUrs Whisky. Then, why not guard
against this evil disease by having always
in your medicine chest a bo.tls of Pure Rye
or Bourbon whisky? 1t is preventive As
we'll as cure. We have many brancs and
various prices, but all are guaranteed abso'
, lutciy pure. We ara the only wholesale
rouse selling goods at retail in any quaint tJ
on may want.
Open evenings until 10 O'Clock.
| TaieT,hOnp Pom .ts&
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
viii Demand an Eight Hour Day.

Milwaukee, Feb. 15.-The executive
board of the Wisconsin State Fedora
tion of Labor. the executive board of
the Federated Trades council, and the
executive committee of the Building
Trades council held a joint meeting
here Sunday and determined to make a
united move for an eight-hour work day
in this city beginning May 1. These
united boards represent labor organ
izatiors which are said to have a mem
bership of upwards of 10000 in this city
alone,
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
MISS WILLARD Is VERY Ill.
Chief of the w. Z. 7. u. Asi.c.ci With
CANCER of the Stomach.

New York, Feb. l5.-The World says:
Miss Frances T. Willard is i'll at the
Emii ire hotel in this city. She has been
suffering from cancer of the stomach
Cor several years. The inroads Of this
disease. combined with bad attack OF
grippe. had completely shattered her
health. She broke down in Madison.
Wis. about 4 month ago while making
an address upon her birthday. 1t was
then decided that she should go TO New
| York and submit herself to specialists.
Miss willard was exhausted by her
work and insufiicit nj rest.
She is under The care Of DR.. Hills. who
| has been her physician for several
years. and Or. Draper has been twice
called in consultation. Miss Jordan said
last night that Miss Willard was resting
more easily than she had for several
days past. We are assured by the
| physicians that there Is 10 n ed t. take
a pcssimistic view of Miss Wizards i'll
ness" Miss Jordan said. She is no
| immedia, danger"
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
Democrats Elect ONic ~.

Washington. Feb. iJ.-At n meeting
cs the Democratic congressional cam
naicr committee last night the fellow
ing officers were elected, Senator White
having been chosen chairman some Tine
ago: Governor Osborn. If Wyoming,
vice chairman: James Kerr. Of Penn
sylvania. secretary. The committee be-
fore adjournment adopted the following
resolution, presented by Senator Jones:
In the opinion OF this committee there
should he the most earnest and hearty
cooperation between the various
friends of bimetallism as defined by the
Chicago platform"
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
ExcIrEuZsr WAS UNNECESSARY.
House Not Inclined To he IIys.erical Over
the Cui,an Iscbrliion.

Washington, Feb. Il. - Considerable
unnecessary excitement was caused
among the members OF the house by
the rumor broadly circulated before the
house convened that important action
relative to Cuba was TO be taken. 1t
turned out 10 be simply resolution of
inquiry unanimously reported by the
foreign affairs committee last week,
calling on the state department for in
formation as to the condition of the
concentrates in Cuba and the progress
made in Spain's effort to induce the
Cubans to accept autonomy. The reso-
luton was adopted without division.
Another resolution was adopted calling
for the correspondence relating to the
exclusion IF cur fruits. beef and horses
| from Germany. The remainder OF the
day was devoted 10 District OF Columbia
business. The resolution Of Lewis of
\ Washington. demanding Minister DE-
Lcme's recall. was introduced.
Washington. Feb. i5.-During the
short open session of the senate yoster-
day two phases of the Cuban question
were adverted to briefly. The amend
i w VI W up
lomatic and consular appropriation bill
recognizing the bslli-eTency Of the Gu
bar insurgents. was reported adversely
by the foreign relations committee. no'
las Morgan exylained-on the merits
Of the amerdment. but because ;hecom.
mittee did not approve OF lacking slcf
Legislation TO appropriation bills. Nor.
gan's resolution calling upon the pres
ideni for the reports OF United State:
consuls in Cuha and for information
as To whether any agent OF the au
tonom0us sgo-ernmentin Cuta hadbee,
accredited tc This government and rec
ognized by II vas adopted withsut dis
sent. A feature Of the session was
speech in advocacy OF the free coinag
Of standard silver dollars by Allen o
Nebraska During the remainder Of tn
afternoon the senate was in eyecu,iv
session. and Pett;grew gave third IN
stallment Of his great effort . bsa
Morgan at long distance orajory- Tn
speech was against the annexation Q
Hawaii
During the session White Of Caiiforni
j attempted TO ascertain from Davis. /
charge Of the treaty. whether ther
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
Executors Notice.
ate Of Anna Ohlwe.Ier. decos,ed.

The undersigned having been appointed eyed
o. 9f the last will ard teefs,nent VI Anna O1
w, Il ?, late Of the county Of Rock Itlsnt, s;ar.
Illinois, deceased, hereby gives Doticc tbs, 4
will appear before the county court OF Rock is a
county, At the county courf room.
tae city Of Rock Island. at the April term.
the frst Monday In April next. at which ii
all persons having claims against .aid estste
notified and requested TO attend, for the urpo
Of having the same ABDUCTED, :.
All persons indebted to esid e.,s.e ere
euested TO make immediate payment 20 The q
dersieEed
Cstod this 18th day Of January. A. T.. fsi
JoHS OuLwfILER. Izecutor
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
SpaldinC Mnst Were Stripes.

Chicago, Feb. u. - States Attorney
Deneen yesterday received a telegram
from Springfield announcing the .af-
firmatlon by the supreme court Of the
verdict convicting Charles W. Spalding
of the embezzlement of s2s.0G0 in Ma
ooupin county bonds, forming part Of
the endowment fund of the University
of Illinois. Spalding will now have to
wear penitertisry stripas
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15

Chicago. Feb. IL. - Mayor Harrison
last night appointed Robert Lindblom,
the wcil-known board OF trade man, to
succeed Adolf Kraus as president OF
the city civil service commission. Lind
blom is silver Democrat, and has been
prominent in local politics for years.
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
LEGAL.
Executors Notice.
Estate Of John ". Potter, deceased,

Estate Of John ". Potter, deceased.
The undersigned having becn sppoiuies cIs
.rix Of the last will ard testament % J bn
Potter, ls,e of the county o. Rock LEM
state of Illinois, dscea-ed, h.rCb. g,vee not
that shc will appear before tho county cour
Rock Island couGty, a. tho county co
room, in the city Of Rock Islanu, a. the ~
term, on the fnt Monday Ia Al
next, at which time all persone having ti.I
against said estate are notified and requested
attend for the purpose o; having tho ssus
justed. All IereOn- indebted to rnid es,st.
requested 70 make Immediate payment W tia
deIsigBed.
Cs.ei this 9th dap ~ February, 4 y. is!s
MIN. IE e. Porter, Eytoutrix
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
EIIII!lIl!lE!l'

Have you Sore Throat Pimp.es, Copp(
Colored Spots. Aches, O:d Sores. Ulcers |
Mouth. Hair-Falling? Write Cook RKMEI
Co go MasJni. Tempe. Chicago, IL. q
proofs of cur-s; capital, sj00,00o. WO4
cases cured In Is to IS days l0a-Da|
book frea
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
TIE TRAVELERS' GUIDE.

CHICAGo. ROCK ISLAND & PACIFIC Raj
" way-Ticke.s can % purchased OF oassa.
ehecs ed at X & Z Twerheth s'rect dep,i.
{ X b P cepot, corner Fifth avenne AND Ttiri
fret street, Frank il Plunimer. AGENT.
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
Ecpua,ioan Conyressiona, Committee.

Washington, Feb. 15.-The Republican
congressional campaign committee met
last night in the lobby of the house,
and after pe-fectinS its organization !
entered into i brief discussion Of party
issues. Joseph y. Eabeocl, of Wiscon-
siE. fo= the ;hi.d time was honorel with
tie chai.I2arship Of the committee. The
election was unanimous. with applause
followed by many conSratul1tory re-
marks. James 5. Shtrman, of New
FORK. was elected vice chairman
Jesse Ove.str5 ct, of Indiana was e!ec. Cd
secretary. AID Colcnei ". i. Thompson
Of this city, treasurer.
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15

would be any early attempt to secure a
vote upon Il. The California senator
stated his opinion that thsre ought to
be At least three weeks notice of a
time for a vote. for the arrangement
of pairs Re statsd that he would be
compelled to he absent from the senate
Tor the next three weeks, and expressed
. desire to know something of the plans
as to bringing the discussion to an end.
In reply Davis simply stated that he
could net at present say when the de-
bate would cease or when the senate
would he prepared to take a vote.
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15

+Arrival. tDeparture. tOa:lr, exc IT Sunds
All others dsils. Telephone ltaj
Sunday evening a fulmsn sleeper WI he
the "epnt sfter II :W, which will leave for q
cago at 3 a. III. Monday.
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
GONE TO CAHALEjAS.
The Letter That Never Came in
Time to Save a Diplomats
Reputation.
UNCLE sAM DOES TIE GRACEFUL

And Turns Over De Lo,nc's Missive to the
Representative of Don Jose Caualejas =
II l. Of No Further Use to Us, Anyhow,
End There Are Copies Fully Authen-
ticatc,l; and Then, Besides. Its the Law
Sort Of False Alarm i'm the House.
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15
TRAINS,
EAST.
Wssr


D=i N,r l. IN II Il pHah =. II $40 am : - n
IT worth ~, nscr < X C.-..lt ,.U, am 20: ~ I
n nncapo is .................,- ta5 m . - 8
n"a a and D,s Noine 800. I: r 40. 3:;h I
,Driaha II Nina. apIils..... +le:i5 Em i:n
umahs & Des Moi - ~ .... .:inr rm q b ,
IN aha * Minneapolis. Ex -. u5 M 3 i''l, d
Dtny=r, inco n X Omahs. :. 3:iO aui a:01 I
st Paul 4 Nipnrat IS .....l c.: q lm 9:.,u
Denver, ct Worth * X C....ik 2S ain +i0.fa I
.kansa- City E. It J seph.. so Ia I. III 6 35 :
tuck lsianf IL Nqshi"gton IL h an 81, |
Chis ago * Des Muia.s. II l:-0 III 7:i6
Rock islam 81 -,uart Accom- - INA 7:N
Rcck I.lsna Il i slyn &C. 5:SS I'm : : ID
mus atine vi, Wlltop..... IL 5:2p I'm 5:If
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15

Passenger trains leave G. RI Il 7 Mol
avcnUel depot five (5) minutes esrlier tbsn 4,
given. Trsirs nan ed . daily, all other ira
daily except sr nday.
Rock Island Argus., 1898-02-15

BURLINGTON RdUTR G d q G RAIl
y way-Depot First avenue snd siItesnI
street. N Young. Agent.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-12-11
PLACES OF WORSHIP.

West Side Presbyterian chruch, Serv-
ices today at II a m, and 7:So p. m
Strangers and visitors made welcome.
St. Johns Episcopal church. Morning
services at Il o'clock; evening at 7:SO. by
Rev. A. L. Randall. Music by surpliced
choir.
Mr. Ross Fl. Lynn OF Pittsburg. Pa, viii
sing Gounod's There is a Green Hill far
Away" at the Pro-Cathedral at High
Mass at 1880 a. m
The Unitarian chruch will tsold serv-
/ ices at Sedgwick Music hall at II a. m.
/ Rev. Frederick Preston will preach. Sub
ject. THE Religious Views of the Early
Presidents All are cordially invited.
Home Mediums, 7:3O p. m, Library hall.
! 126 n. Main. Lecture, Pnewmatology.
DR.. Meller; Pyschometric tests, Hollings-
worth, Benner. Good music by Prof. Will
son. Admission free. General invitation.
st. Paurs NJ. F. church, corner of Law
renee and Thirteenth, A A Parker. pas
tor. The usual services next Sabbath
The pastor will preach both morning and
evening. Sunday school $50 a. m; Ep-
worth League at $50 D. m.
ond street. Morning services at 1890 Sub
iect, Sacrament" Evening services at
7:3O. Subject, king Jehoiakim's Rejec-
ton of Gods Message" Regular Wed
nesday evening meeting at 7:30. All are
invited.
The revival services at the Friends
church, Cleveland avenue, one-half block
north OF Douglas avenue. is attracting
large crowds. Many are crowding the
affairs. Rev. Willis viii preach Sabbath
at II a. m, and s p. m. Also every night
this week.
The special music at the First Presby-
terian church today will be a quartette,
Sing unto the Lord by Woodman and
solo for offertory. Jesus and Shall it
ever be- CShumaker). sung by Mrs Hig-
ginson. The evening music viii be two
quartettes, Rock Of Ages" by Buck and
Nearer Ny God TO Thee" by Willard
Plymouth Congregation church. corner
North Lawrence and Second street. Rev.
Henry f. Thayer. pastor. Services at
1870 a. m. ana 80 p. m Sunday school
al = n; Y. P. s. c. f. al $50 p. m The
pastor viii speak on Religious UnreaIity''
in the morning and in the evening on
'1The Household Of Cod
First Methodist church The pastor.
". B. Slutz viii preach at 1880 a. m. and
$50 p. m. Morning theme. Where Shall
We Coz" Evening topic. The Triurn-
phant Sufferings Of Christ" Mrs. Ford
viii sing a. the morning service. In the
evening the chorus viii lead. Mrs. Fuller
and Mrs. Jean VIII render a duet. M.
lmboden VIII sing. How Can I Help But
Love Him" You VII find a welcome
here
The services a. the First Baptist church.
corner First and Market streets. c. H.
Nareham, pastor, today. VIII open with
Sunday school at 10 a. m Evangelist :.
G. Nell viii preach At II a m, and also
At 2. m The IS. Y. P. L. viii hold their
regular Sunday meeting at $50 p. m. The
ordinance of baptism viii be administer
ed at the evening service. Prayer meet
ing on Thursday evening al 80 o'clock. !
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-12-11
WHEEL TALK
Few OF the Cycle Dealers VIII Have
in 90 Wheels soon.


The 'ss chainless will sell at SIS mex
year.
Level-headed people insure their bicycle
against theft.
They call fast bicycle riders "scorchers'
because they ride so ALFRED fast.
The safety" bicycle, with the safet!
rider. is a pretty safe combination.
One-fifth of the 10000 patents taken gu
in England in 1897 related to cycles.
The use of dogs in Belgium and Ger
many for drawing cycles up hill is said tC
be by no means uncommon.
The largest-geared bicycle ever made Is
now on exhibition in Wichita, at Mead
Cycle Co. It is geared 10 Se4. The from
sprocket is simply immense.
The leader IN the house OF commons
dressed in his cycle suit in that august
assemblage. is reported as a recent sensa.
ton with our Transatlantic cousins.
AT a recent garden party, 20 which the
guests came on their wheels, a most dis
heartening incident occurred. The woman
whose duty it was to check the machines
gave each person a coupon and then care
fully pinned the duplicate to the front tire
The CONSERVATION that reigned when the
party was over may be imagined.
The fastest man that ever strsddled a
bicycle is Major Taylor. the negro racer.
that has been following the eastern circuit
the past summer. He lately broke and
now holds the quarter-mile. . % seconds;
third-mile. % 4-5; haf-mile, IS Is: three
quarter mile. Los 2-5; one mile. 81 4-5: TWO
miles $.lS S-5. This IS faster than any OF
the passenger trains entering Wichita run
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-12-11
Millions Given Away

1t is certainly gratifying to the public
to know of one concern in the land who
are not afraid to be generous to the needy
and suffering. The proprietors of DR..
Kings New Discovery for Consumption,
Coughs and Colds. have given away over
ten million trial bottles Of this great med
icine; and have the satisfaction of know
ing it has absolutely cured thousands of
hopeless cases. Asthma, Bronchitis,
Hoarseness and all diseases of the Throat,
Chest and Lungs are surely cured by it.
Call on G. Gehring, Druggist, and get a
trial bottle free. Regular size SOC. and 81
Every bottle guaranteed, or price re-
funded.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-12-11
CA . To7TA
Bears the The Kind You Haze AfsaJs BogZtt
Sis, "a &AzzeZm
Ralph Benton Ferguson

The angel Of death has crossed another
threshold and carried away the idol Ralph
Benton Ferguson. the s-year-old son q
Mr.. and Mrs. c. V. Ferguson. died De-
cember ; in s.. Louis. from an operation
FOR spinal byfida. an affection which had
always caused the profoun6est anxiety in
the parents minds, they realizing the pos
sible result
Ralph wss a beautiful. active and lov-
able child possessing a brightness OF in
teliect rarely shown in one OF his years
for he easily expressed his safantils
thoughts il sweet childish words
As day dawns and brightens. 50 id little
Ra,ph'S lie. for he came 10 earth some
good 70 do. but ere 1he nooati6e heat and
glare came upon him his soul vas IN
hsCoed from lis earthly abiding place,
and row 40 more VIII he chase The butter
hies- gather the flowers CT rono with his
dog. for an ange-. waving wide It's wings
80 white. carried him through that .arzi
threshold into paradise, where flowers and
butterflies and angel lorna radiant with
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-12-11
IN THE CHAPEL CAR
Mr.. and Mrs. Neil Gave a Re-
Ception.
PLAY AT HYPN0TlSM
One of the Forms of Weeks
Social Entertainments.

The American Baptist Publication Soci-
ety's Chapel car. Messenger of Peace -
which has stood at the Missouri Pacific
depot on Second street for the past ten
days, has attracted visitors every day.
and Mr.. Nell. the evangelist in charge,
announced that yesterday they would
give a reception in the car for visitors
between and O'Clock. and Mr.. Neil re-
ports that several hundred persons came
10 visit and examine the car. Express
Ions Of wonder and admiration were heard
from scores and hundreds as they came in
and passed through the chapel. Mr.. Neil
and wife are just suited for the work to
which they have been called. The car
wiu be taken from here to Kansas City
and MIR. and Mrs. Nell viii take a few
days vacation through the holidays All
the people Of Wichita will wish them well
In their great and effective work.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-12-11

Miss Leotice Hill and Miss Maud Cal
non entertained a few Of their friends
and classmates from the Friends univer-
sity last Monday evening at the home of
Miss Hill. The evening was pleasantly
spent in games and music. A feature Of
the evening was the hypnotsm Of some
OF the guests and making them do ridic-
ulous things. Those present were Misses
Ollie Noel, Viola Bull, Myrtle Pyle, Cap
itola Pyle, Mabel Rawson, Stella Wells,
Leotice Hill, Maud Calnon; Messrs. Clyde
Israel. Eban Pyle, Lawrence Woodland,
Lee Jones. Mr. Avery Wight, Harry
Pyle and Henry Parker.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-12-11
CHAPAL CAR DIDN'T LEAVE:
Rev Neal Will Conduct Mems Mas
Meeting Today.

The mems mass meeting to be held at
the 7. NJ. C. A. rooms today at 4 p. m.
promises to be of unusual interest. Chapel
Car Evangelist Neil will have charge of
the meeting and will be assisted by his
wife in singing songs.
How to BE Happy" is the subject on
which Mr. Neil viii speak. All men are
most cordially invited to be present.