The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1898-06-14
GOOD ROADS NOTES,
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How 10 PreDare Rcsa=Eets..

How 20 Prepare Read=Eetss
In a recent artic!= on Things to Be
Rememteltd in Building Good
aoads," ". F. Barnes pertinentlv
says that ''too many people seem to
think that anything that is to be COW
cred up does not need a!tention-thet
is, done simply because 5eme Engineer
has said that it .hould be so. The
autho.:itles seem to doubt whether it
pays to put so much money cut Of
sight. What they want is to spread
out the mene3 So It will all be in sight
Of their Constituents, so that when the
day Of reelection comes they can
point to a great deal apparently done
with little money" n: This is doubtless
one reason why it is so difficult to get
roads properly drained.
He then goes Oh to consider what
preparations are necessary for per:
maneut country roads before they re-
ceire the stone or other material, and
offers the following suggestions:
"The first thing to be done is to
employ some competent man to run
levels over the entire length of the
road intended Tor improvement, and
taking levels at the sides frequently
enough to find drainage at every
available place along the line Of the
proposed road. Then q carefully
drawn profile should be made; after
which the grade line of the road
should be carefully studied and drawn
on the profile. Ii the ground will ad-
Nit of it without too much expense,
long stretches of the same rate Of
grade should be avoided, as it is too
hard on the muscles of the draft ami
mails when hauling heavy load. as it
admits Of q constant and severe strain
on them, as can bn easily seen by the
trembling of the muscles after a pull
ever these grades. A frequent change
in the grades allows some rest on the
various parts of the muscles,
"Complete specifications should be
written, telling in a general, as well
as special, way what is to be done
and how to dol These specifications
should be accompanied by any de-
tailed drawing that may be necessary.
such as q plan and cross section, etc.,
of the proposed road. 1t will be
money in the taxpayers pockets ID
have all preliminaries and the general
supervision of the work done by a
competent, experienced and practical
civil engineer, and not by some pre-
tender, or some politician whose only
ability lies in his pull with 'thepowers
that be, aal be FOR a short time
only
In excavating for the road,hed
care should be exercised not to plough
too deep or to one side Of the outer
lines OF the proposed roadway; ii
there are depressions in The sub.
grade. there will be tendency to
make chuck holes in the road after n
little time, owing t. tas water settling
in the places where the dirt has been
cut too deep. II the bed is cut toe
wide anl filled back, tie road aEtei a
little will spread a1l become weak on
the sides. Farmers drain tile should
be placed under the slb-grale Of the
roadway at any point where tbs earth
seems 10 be springy, and The water
lei to enc side OF the road; even il g
FIJI has to berEale to get the desired
drainage. -,
The whole roai-bel should be
rolled with q heavy roller until it is
tlo.ou Shy compacted. The amount
Q: rolling all the size OF tie roller
must depend upo1 local circumstances.
The average sell when moist should
compact ahoa; two inches, which. Of
coa4Se, needs to be taken into con-
Si1era!ioa when doing tbs grading.
Tae depth and kind Of material used
for the roadway must depend in @
sreAs measure upon the locality: the
traGia conditions and the material at
hand. l.-vhe hether the road shall be con-
strucs=d Of trap, granite, quartzite,
pebbles. cobh!es, Stag, lava, shells of
various kinds. gravel. cinders. burnt
clay ballast, wood, brick or asphalt,
Also, keep in mind the ability Of the
people to pay the taxed cost; and,
further, take into consideration that
longtime bonds demand the payment
of large amounts of interest.