davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12

tries now formally and indissolubly
united.
Inevitable as has been this union,
we may rejoice that it will take its
place in history with the awakening
of the American people to sense of
their responsibility among nations, in
that splendid procession of events be-
gun at Manila, and which has now
embraced these Islands in its broad
sweep.
You are no strangers to your coun-
trymen across the sea, bound to them
as you are by the achievements of
their sons and brothers here, and by
all the activities that make up
country's life. You are no strangers,
certainly not in the momentous pres
ent. For as it comes to every nation
in the dread ordeal of war to test the
loyalty of all it's sons and the devo-
ton of all its friends, so they have
tested you, tried you and found you
true-when you refused to listen to
the suggestions of the selfish and the
timid, and at your peril, offered up
all that these Islands had to offer, as
sacrifice on the altar of devotion to
country you had not yet the right to
call your own.
And your countrymen can never
forget that this loyalty and devotion
and the opening of hearts and homes
to our soldier boys that followed this,
was the loyalty, the devotion and the
hospitality of Americans, though this
were sweet indeed, but of men who
sought to be Americans and had been
denied, of men who founded a state
for the purpose of admission TO the
American Union and had been denied,
of men who presented this strange
spectacle to the world that they stood
ready, as you gentlemen about me
today, to give up Office, and power
and personal emoluments and glory,
for the simple dignity of American
citizenship. Even as you have given
up flag you love, and surrendered
the sovereignty of these beautiful is.
lands, that Hawaii may take her place
however humble that place may be
in the protecting circle of sovereign
American states.
This is the consummation you wit,
ness today. which you and your chill
dren's children have right to celebrate
and let there be no mistake as to its
meaning 1t means the triumph oi
no party or faction among you. the
opportunity for no personal glorifica
tion or personal resentment, the con
firmation in power of no authority
over you that shall not commend IL
Continued on Page Four.)
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12
HISTORY Of THE HAG.HON Annexation CANE.

The final act, which consummates
the annexation of the Hawaiian Is
lands to the United States, is but the
outcome of a long series of events.
The annexation of Hawaii is not, con-
sidered as a question of policy, a mat
ter of recent origin. 1t was under
consideration by our government for
ty-four years ago, under the admins
tration of President Pierce. when the
State Department was under the di-
rection of one of the strongest talents
that its history can boast-William l..
Marcy. That statesman clearly rec
ognized the Importance of the Islands
and the influences making for closer
relations between them and the
United States, and he set forth with
definiteness. in his instructions to the
American Minister, Mr.. Gregg, the
policy of preventing the Islands from
becoming the appendage of any for
eign power other than the United
States and, without Fastening the
course of events. of acquiring the SOW
ereignty of the Islands rather than see
it transferred to any other power So
also he pronounced Enthusiastically in
favor of annexation as opposed to
protectorate. The policy, as it hap
pened, was not carried out at that
time, but it has finally been adopted
after the lapse of over four decades.
1t was Kamehameha III who was
anxious to obtain annexation to the
United States, and there was consid-
cradle agitation for it during \,he
years 1853 and 1854, petitions in fa-
vor being presented to that king on
two different occasions. The CONNER
cial interest was strongly in favor of
annexation. The Kings object was
to find a refuge from the impending
danger of filibusters from abroad and
conspirators at home. The missiona-
res both Protestant and Roman Cath
Ollie were against the move. The ne
gotiations would have in all proba-
bility been brought to conclusion.
but the sudden death of the King
put an end to them.
During the reigns of Kamehameha
" and Kamehameha V nothing much
was heard of annexation, though un-
doubtedly it was present in the minds
of statesmen in the United States and
among a number of people here. In
the reign of Kalakaua it Ggain came
10 the front, and as far back as 1850
pamphlets began to appear on the
subject. When Kalakaua's eNtrava-
gances and general i'll conduct
brought about the revolution of 1887,
annexation became really live issue
once more. 1t was the only refuge
the commercial and money interests
had But for sympathy for the Ha-
waiian monarchy held by the older
citizens here, the overthrow of the
monarchy would have occurred then
and a republic have been proclaimed,
with the same offer to the United
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12

Russian colors were displayed.
Captain de Freycinet, who visited
the Islands in August, 1918, gives the
following description of the flag:
The Sandwich Islands flag, such as
we saw floating at Kawaihae (Kohai-
haD and over the fort at Honolulu
(Onorourou) was composed of an Eng
lish Union Jack upon a ground
striped horizontally with nine bands,
alternate white, red and blue; the
white being placed on the top
and the Union Jack at the upper cor
ner next to the halliards."
This seems to be a more accurate
description than that of the author
of the Voyage of the Blonde" in 1925,
who describes the flag as follows:
"On all days of ceremony, the Sand
wich flag is hoisted on the forts. 1t
has seven white and red stripes with
Union Jack in the corner"
The Polynesian newspaper of May
81, 1S45, contains the following tech
nical description of the flag:
AT the opening of the Legislative
Council, May 25, 1S45, the new nation
al banner was unfurled, differing lit
tie, however from the former. It Is
octo, parted per. fess. first fourth and
seventh argent; second, fifth and
eighth, gules; third and sixth azure
for the eight islands under one SOW
| ereign indicated by crosses satire OF
st. Andrew and St. Patrick quarterly
per satire counter charged, argent
and gules."
This differs from Captain de Frey,
cinet's description by emitting the
ninth stripe at the bottom, which was
blue, according to him.
Captain Hunt of II. B. NJ. S. Basilisl
has had the credit of the present ar
rangement. He is also credited with
having designed the royal standard
formerly in use.
The resemblance of the Hawaiian
flag to the old East India Company,
flag has often been remarked. In thi!
latter, however, there were only two
colors, red and white.
On the sth of April, 1896, an act wa
passed by the Legislature of the Re
public of Hawaii to define exactly tn,
proportions of the national ensign
which, however, did not materially
change its arrangement as settled
in 1S45. For about eighty-fve year
it has been the flag of an independ
ent nation, and its history has beer
an honorable one. Tt may be retain
ed as the territorial flag of Hawaii
and cherished for it's wealth of histo
lIrical associations for many genera
tions yet to come.
| w. d. ALEXANDER.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12

pleasant. The breeze came down
Nuuanu valley pleasantly and made
the noble flags stream out in all their
beauty.
The ceremonies began with the de-
parture of the First regiment of the
National Guard of Hawaii from the
drill shed at ten minutes to IL this
morning. The parade was headed by
detachment of twenty-siX police,
under command of Captain Kanae
and Lieutenant Warren. Then came
the Hawaiian band and the drum
corps.
The regiment marched to the boat
landing to escort the troops from the
Philadelphia and Mohican, which were
already drawn up on shore. No time
was lost in the return march to the
government building. The United
States forces were in command of
Lieutenant Commander Stevens, and
consisted of one company of marines
and two of blue jackets from the Phi
ladelphia, company of blue jackets
from the Mohican and an artillery de-
tachment of two guns and forty-two
men.
The naval detachment was headed
by the flagship's band.
1t was just 11:15 when the troops
reached the main gates of the EXecu-
tive building. Several hundred of the
Citizens Guard preceded them up the
main avenue and took a station on
the left of the stand. The police de-
ployed on either side of the avenue.
The Hawaiian band took up a position
on the right of the platform and the
Philadelphia band on the left. The
First battalion of the Hawaiian regi-
ment occupied the immediate left of
the stand and the Second battalion
was on the right. The naval forces
were stretched across the avenue in
double files, the marines being in
front.
On the right of the main steps were
the halyards from which the big Ha-
waiian flag at the top of the main
tower fioated in the breeze. The de-
tail in charge of these halyards and
the hauling down of the Hawaiian flag
were Corporal II. F. Kilbey and Pri.
Yates o. Winkler and A. Spillner OF
Company F.
The detail of men in charge of the
raising of the American flag was in
command of J. Ward, coxswan of the
admirals barge.
TWO MEN OF HISTORY.
The flag itself was in charge oi
G. ii. Platt, gunner's mate of the Phi
ladelphia, and r. Winters. boatswain's
mate of the Mohican. These are the
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12

The origin of the Hawaiian flag is
involved in obscurity. At the conclu-
sion of the treaty of February 25, 1894,
by which Kamehameha l placed his
kingdom under the protection of
Great Britain, Captain Vancouver gave
him a British flag, which he contlnu-
ed to use for the next twenty years.
In Archibald Campbell's Voyage
Round the World from 1906 to 1912"
we find that on his arrival in Honolu-
lu, in February, 1909, the British flag
was still in use, for he says: The
kings residence, built close upon the
shore. and surrounded by a palisade
upon the land side, was distinguish
ed by the British colors," etc.
The most reliable account of the or
igin of the present flag is given by
Captain Golovnin of the Russian ma
Wy in his Tour Around the World in
the Sloop of War Kamschatka, in 1917
1919" from which the following pas
sage is translated:
October 21, 1918. He (Kamehame-
hal took the British flag from Capt.
Vancouver, and always hoisted it,
but during the last war between Eng
land and the United States, an Anne
rican jokingly said to him that the
United States had a right to make
war on him, and take the islands
from under the British flag. The
King understood the significance of
a flag, and told the American that he
was not a fool: that he had many
flags of different nations, and that if
one would not do, he could easily
change it for another, but expressed
a desire to have one of his own. which
an Englishman designed for him.
The English cross in the upper corner
signifies friendship to England, as the
first European nation with which he
became acquainted, and the stripes
the number of islands,"
The earliest mention of the use of
the Hawaiian flag is in the diary of
the late Captain Alexander Adams
in which he relates that in April 1916
Kamehameha purchased the brig
Forester of London, and persuaded
him to enter his service as her com
mander. The brig was turned over to
Kamehameha at Kealakellua, and re.
named by him the Kaahumanu.
Captain Adams says: 81 was ac
cordipgly honored on taking com
mand with the flag of his Majesty
and a salute of eleven guns" Later
on in the log of his voyage to China
he mentions his calling at Waimea
Kauai, and makes the following state
ment: "March 10, 1917,
Gave the King (KaumualiD our en-
sign to hoist in lieu of the Russian
who said that it was on account OF
his having no other"
1t will be remembered that one DR.
Scheffer, in the employ of the Cover
nor of Alaska, had built fort at Wal
mea for Kaumualii, over which the
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12
OUR NEW GOVERNMENT.
Present Officials viii Remain on
Taking the Oath.
To the Government and the People of

To the Government and the People of
the Hawaiian Islands:
By the terms of the joint resolution
by which the cession of the Hawaii
an Islands and their dependencies to
the United States of America is con-
cluded, it is provided that until Con-
gress shall provide for the govern
ment of Hawaii, "all the civil, judicial
and military powers exercised by the
officers of the existing government"
are to be vested in such person or
persons, and to be exercised in such
manner, as the President of the Unit
ed States shall direct. In the exercise
of the power thus conferred upon him
by the joint resolution the President
hereby directs that the civil, judicial
and military powers in question shall
be exercised by the officers of the Re-
public of Hawaii, as it existed just
prior to the transfer of sovereignty,
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12

admiral commanding the United
States naval forces in these waters viii
proceed to perform the duty entrust-
ed to him."
HAWAII'S FLAG COMES DOWN.
The Hawaiian band played Hawaii
Ponoi, the national anthem. Colonel
Fisher gave the order to the National
Guard battery stationed on the Exc
cutive groupnds in command of Lieu
tenant Ludwig, to fire the national sa-
lutte of 21 guns, which was also re-
peated by the guns of the Philadel-
phia. AS the echo of the last gun re-
verberated in the hills bugle sound
ed and the national ensign of Hawaii
came slowly down until it reached the
ground never to go up again.
There was short pause, then the
Admiral nodded slightly to Lieuten-
ant Winterhalter, who gave the or
der, "Colors! Roll off" The flagship
band struck up the well known
strains of the Star Spangled Banner,
ascended there was breathless sus-
pense. But as it reached the top
cheers broke forth from the crowds
below and salutes of 21 guns were
again fired by the Hawaiian battery
and the Philadelphia.
A few minutes after the hosting OF
the official flag, others were raised
from the two side towers and from
the military headquarters.
Minister Sewall then read the fol
lowing proclamation:
DIR NEW GOVERNMENT.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12

Precisely at eight minutes to IL
o'clock today the Hawaiian flag de-
scended from the flagstatfs on all the
government buildings, and exactly at
five minutes to the same hour the
Stars and Stripes tloated on the trop-
ic breeze from every official Flagstaff.
The ceremony of today was most
impressive one. To hear the strains
of Hawaii Ponoi for the last time as
a national anthem, to hear the Dugle
blow taps as the Hawaiian ensign
sank from it's position, and to notice
the emotion of many who had been
born under it and had lived their lives
under it, was solemn. But then came
the bright call for raising Old Glory,
and the strains of the Star Spangle1
Banner broke forth as that bahner
was unfurled to the breeze. Then the
cheers broke forth, and eyes that
had been dim for a few moments be-
came bright and lightened up when
the Stars and Stripes blew out.
A GREAT SPECTACLE
The picture presented in and
around the Executive building was
most striking. In the grounds and
around all the approaches were
crowds of on-lookers of every section
of our varied nationality. Notably re-
markable was the number of Hawaii
ans. Within the grounds the military
and naval display was fine. Hawaiian
troops, United States marines, the
mounted patrol, the police and the
Citizens Guard, presented a splendid
appearance, while the platform for
the exercises and the verandas of the
Executive building were gay with
brilliant summer dresses, dancing
feathers and ribbons and the brightest
faces that Honolulu possesses, and
she does possess some beautiful ones.
The uniforms of staff and naval Of
GERS added brightness to the scene.
A line of these stalwart, well dress
ed men, stretched across the first
step from the varanda and made
distinctive mark in massive group
ing, which was in itself worthy of
special notice.
In every point of vantage spectators
N.yere perched. On the tower and We
~, as of the Judiciary building, on
the columns supporting the gates, on
the branches of trees, everywhere it
was mass of seething humanity.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12

subject to his power to remove such
officers and to fill vacancies. All
such officers will be required at once
to take an oath of allegiance to the
United States, and all the military
forces will be required to take a sim
liar oath and all bonded officers will
be required to renew their bonds to
the government of the United States.
The powers of the Minister of For
eign Affairs will, upon the transfer of
the sovereignty and property of Ha-
waii to the United States necessarily
cease, so far as they relate to the
conduct of diplomatic intercourse be-
tween Hawaii and foreign powers.
The municipal legislation of Hawaii
except such as was enacted for the
fulfillment of the treaties between
that country and foreign nations, and
except such as is inconsistent with the
joint resolution, or contrary to the
Constitution of the United States or
to any existing treaty of the United
States, is to remain in force till the
Congress of the United States shall
otherwise determine. The existing
customs relations of Hawaii with the
United States and with other coun-
tries, are to remain unchanged till
Congress shall have extended the Gus
toms laws and regulations of the Unit
ed States to the Islands.
Under these various provisions, the
government of the Islands will pro-
ceed without interruption.
(Signed.) HAROLD NJ. SEWALL.
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of the United
States of America.
Honolulu, II. T., Aug. 10, 1898.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12
SEWALL'S ADDRESS.
Speaks of the New Era We Enter
Upon.

Following the reading of the proc
lamation Minister Sewall made the
following address:
Fellow Countrymen: I congratu-
late you on the consummation this
day records, a consummation not a
change, the inevitable consummation
of the national policies and the nat
ural relations between the two coun-
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12
CEREMONIES BEGUN.

The weather was fortunately pro-
pitious. 1t had been cloudy and
there had been showers in the morn
ing, but at twenty minutes to ~ the
sun shone forth smilingly, and from
then on, save a slight sprinkle which
could not harm the most delicate vel
vet, nothing could have been more
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12
MIR. DOLE's FORMAL TENDER.

President Dole answered
Mr. Minister: a treaty of political
union having been made, and the ces-
sion formally consented to by the Re
public of Hawaii having been accept
ed by the United States of America; 1
now, in the interest of the Hawaiian
body polite, and with full confidence
in the honor, justice and friendship
of the American people, yield up to
you as the representative of the gov
ernment of the United States, the
sovereignty and public property of
the Hawaiian Islands"
Minister Sewall replied:
''Mr. President: In the name of
the United States, accept the trans
fer of the sovereignty and property
of the Hawaiian government. The
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12
THE OATH.

I do solemnly swear that / will sup
port and defend the Constitution of
the United States of America against
all enemies, foreign and domestic;
that l will bear true faith and allegi-
ance to the same, and that I take this
obligation freely, without any mental
reservation or purpose or evasion: So
helm me God
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12
ENGAGEMENT.

Miss Nell NJ. Lowrey's engagement
to DR.. William Moore of Hilo is an
nounced today.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12
. ~ ~ 80 **** 80 = go ***
MERGED INTO THE UNION


men who actually raised the Stars and
Stripes over Hawaii
The flag used for the occasion is
known in naval parlance as a No. 1
regulation. 1t is 36 feet long and IS
feet wide, the largest size used in the
navy. This flag was specially made
at Mare Island for the purpose and is
of the very best material. The hal
yards used were from the flagship.
THE NOTABLES PRESENT.
Long before the naval and military
forces arrived on the scene the seats
on the balconies and also elsewhere
were filled with eXpectant people,
while large crowds were scattered all
about at various points of vantage.
Exactly at Is minutes before noon,
President Dole and his Cabinet came
from the Executive building to the
platform. The justices of the supreme
court followed and then Admiral j. n.
Miller and United States Minister Ha
rold NJ. Sewall came down the steps,
followed by Captains c. II. Wadleigh
of the Philadelphia and S. NJ. Book
of the Mohican and their staff Off
GERS, and Colonel Barber of the First
New York regiment.
The ceremonies opened with prayer
by Rev. G. l.. Pearson, pastor of the
First Methodist church of this city
United States Minister Sewall then
arose and addressing President Dole,
who had risen, said:
"Mr. Presidents: | present you a
certified copy of joint resolution of
the Congress of the United States, ap-
proved by the President on July Z,
1898, entitled "Joint Resolution to
provide for anneXing the Hawaiian
Islands to the United States" This
joint resolution, accepts, ratifies and
confirms on the part of the United
States the cession formally consented
to and approved by the Republic of
Hawaii"
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-08-12
TWO MEN OF HISTORY.

The flag itself was in charge of
G. IT. Platt, gunner's mate of the Phi
1adelphia, and r. Winters. boatswain's
mate of the Mohican. These are the
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1898-06-03
AFTER THE TRUSTS

BY a vote. Of SO to 26 the senate has
adopted an amendment to the war reve-
nue. measure, offered by Stephen M.
White, to levy tax of one-quarter of one
per cent upon the gross income of two
giant trusts in this country-Standard Oil
and Sugar-for war purposes.
Mr.. White is recognized as an able con-
stitutional lawyer. The presumption is
fair that he knows this can be legally
DONE The probabilities are strong that
he has acted with deliberation, and not
without confidence in the soundness of his
position. There is nothing of the bum
combe in Stephen M. Whites compost
ton.
The senate, before adopting the amend
ment, had necessarily voted down a prop
osition to levy similar tax upon all cor
porations, and another to tax all whose
gross incomes exceed S250,00O annually.
The objection urged against the more
sweeping proposition-that it would i'm
pose great hardships upon large num-
Der of non-dividend earning corpora
tions-cannot be raised in the case of the
giant trusts named in the White amend
ment. There will, however, be a great
howl raised against this scheme of laying
violent hands upon two pet monopolies
of the Republican party. The cry of