davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, 1898-11-17

stion with the opening of
schools in the city of San
interesting to note how
aool system had hitherto
here. In the whole prov
santiago, the latest figures
at out of population of 270,-
Ire were but 5000 public and
ivate school pupils, while the
lblic school expenditure for o
rs only SIC, 900. In the whole
lba there were but $4,000 chill
"a in the public schools. This is
Bout three and one-half per cent. of
be population. Fifty-three out of
ery enc hundred persons in Havana
IN neither read nor write. A great
Work is before the schools in the island
of Cuba, observes the School Journal.
The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, 1898-11-17
Republicans Have the Nebraska Legislature.

Practically complete returns from
every precinct in Nebraska shows thal IL
the Republicans will have q majority
of 13 on joint ballot in the next Leg
islature. Both branches will be or
ganized by the Republicans.
The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, 1898-11-17

making an inter-
open up new
A steamer, the
"a floating exhi-
Pof the monarchy,
este for the chief
snt, the Red Sea,
East Indies, China
arrival will be extern
beforehand at each
nercial travellers on
secure orders for the
find capable agents
he'd. The Govern
"a subsidy Of $25, 700
terprise.
The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, 1898-11-17
..s..s.
Witnesses.

PERSONALLY appeared ...........
and made oath that the above
is correct.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11

forts, and down near the shore are
many powerful batteries. The hill on
the east is 920 feet high, and is
crowned by the Castillo de San Julian
that on the west is $50 feet above the
water, and the fort upon its summit
is called the Castillo de las Galeras.
The harbor is sheltered by the island
called La Escombrera, two and hall
miles from the narrow entrance,
which breaks the force Of wind and
waves, and the town is still further
protected by two other forts, the Atal-
aya on the summit of a hill 655 feet
high on the west. and the Castillo de
Despenaperros on the east.
Cartagena has had stormy exist
ence for more than twenty centuries.
As early as 21O A. D. it was taken
with great slaughter by Scipio the
Younger. In 425 A. D. it was pill
laged and nearly destroyed by the
Goths. Under the Moors it formed
an independent kingdom, which was
conquered by Ferdinand II. of Cas-
tile in 1243. The Moors retook it,
but it fell into Spanish hands again in
1916. The town was rebuilt by
Philip II. OF Spain on account of its
harbor. In 1706 it was taken by the
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11

for these pests to again secure cover.
ings, and after many years close OBJ
servation of the habits of cutworms I
doubt if single one can be destroyed
by simply stirring the SOIL
In my experience have found two
distinct species of cutworms, one cut
ting the corn on the surface of the
ground and being readily found and
caught in the act Of destruction. The
other is out of sight and cuts the corn
about an inch below the surface. and
the mischief is not detected until the
corn begins to wilt. Corn cut below
the surface of the ground is irretriev-
ably ruined, but when cut above the
ground, when small, with the excep-
ton Of being retarded in growth, it is
seldom injured. Corn planted on sod
that has been pastured the preceding
year is more liable to be damaged by
cutworms than if no stock had been
allowed upon the ground John Cow
ME in Iowa Homestead.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11
Raising Poultry Foods,

The profits in poultry raising depend
quite as much on obtaining the food at
small cost as on anything else.
Every raiser of poultry on the farm
should devote portion of the soil to
this purpose. The plan of picking up
the leavings after the harvest for the
use of the poultry is we'll enough as
far as it goes, but bruised vegetables
will last only short time, and one is
left, at the period when green food is
valuable, with nothing of that nature
to feed. Wheat, oats, mii!et. barley,
corn and rye should be raised in small
quantities, as well as fair amount of
clover, timothy, or sorghum for winter
use. Dried clover hay is unsurpassed
as winter food for fowls, and it pays
to feed it even when it must be bought,
but it can be easily raised and cured
and fed chopped at great profit Such
vegetable crops as cabbage, potatoes,
turnips, onions and the like should
not be neglected. They are easily
kept through the winter and when fed
will add greatly to the egg production.
The expense necessary to grow these
foods is small and the return on the
investment very large.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11
ISLAND OF CEUTA, SPANS PENAL SETTLEMENT.

English, and in the next year was re-
taken by the Duke of Berwick. In
1928 it capitulated to the French, and
in 1874 was the scene of an insurrec-
ton. About thirty years later it re-
belled again, and on the 23d CT
August, 1873, was bombarded by the
Spanish feet under Admiral Lobos
Six months later it was occupied by
troops.
Malaga is the oldest and most fa-
nous of Spanish seaports and has a
population of nearly 100000. 1t was
founded by the Phnnicians, and was
brought under the sway of Rome by
Scipio. In the middle of the thir-
teenth century it reached its zenith,
and after its capture in 1467 by Fer
dinand and Isabella it sank into insig-
nifcance; but in modern times it be-
came famous for its grapes and wines
The climate is very mild, and oranges.
figs, sugar cane and cotton thrive.
Recently Malaga has taken promi-
nent place as manufacturing town,
but most of the factories are in the
new part of the town, on the right
bank of the river which divides it.
Malaga is not fortified, and looks
directly out upon the Mediterranean;
but its southern part merges into the
slopes of the foothills of the Cerro
Colorado, some $50 feet above the
bay. On the summit is the Castillo
de Gibralfaro, the acropolis of Malaga.
Ceuta is Spain's pet island colony
for convicts. and commands the ap-
proach to Gibraltar and the Mediter-
ranean. The Canaries are all there
is between Watson and this grim ISL
and, where, under the cover of for
bidding walls and mountains, Spain
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11
Cream Ripening.

The vessel should be so kept that
the cream will ripen evenly, thus
avoiding loss in churning. The tenn
perature should be kept betwe sixty
two and sixty-eight degrees until the
cream is ripe, and it should then be
cooled before churning. Well-ripened
cream should be so thick that it will
run in smooth stream like oil, and
when the paddle is dipped into it and
held up the cream should stick all over
it like thick coat of paint, and have
a satin gloss OF surface. The churning
should be continue ed until the granules
are the size of wheat kernels, then
draw off the buttermilk and wash
through two or three waters, whirling
the churn around few times. From
pint to quart of water to the pound
Of butter should be used, and this
water should be at temperature of
forty to forty-five degrees in hot
weather, and from fifty to sixty degrees
in winter, depending upon the solid
ity of the butter, size of granules and
warmth of room.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11
Some Common Strawberry Pests.

The one which has been most abun-
dant this season is the straw berry root
worm. The mature insect is beetle
about the size of radish seed with
shining black or brown surface, and
two antenne resembling pair of it's
legs. 1t is quite active on its feet,
but when disturbed it ''plays the pos
sum- and rolls into the ground. I
have found as many as five at single
hill of plants. These beetles are, of
course, the consequence of the root
worms or larvie which last fall were
feeding upon the fbrous roots of the
plants. The worms are small whitish
grubs, which when they are full grown
pupate i. earthen cells under the sur.
face of tn. round and therefore are
out of sight while doing their greatest
damage.
The other insect found is the straw
berry crown borer, which in the beetle
stage resembles weevil, though it is
not one. The larva or borer is q whit
ish, yellow-headed grub resembling
the root worm except in being footless.
1t is one-ffth of an inch long, and
llNcS III tue CTOWu VI tu0 SlIuW perry
plant, weakening it so that it cannot
survive the winter. The crown-borer
pupates within the cavity formed in
the crown of the plant but emerges as
the adult beetle, which is gray in
color, one-fifth of an inch long, about
September or October, remaining in
the fields until spring, when eggs are
laid for the new brood.
Both these insects become particu-
larly destructive in old beds of straw
berries, or in new beds on old straw
berry ground where no other crop has
intervened. Neither travels far from
its birthplace, therefore rotation of
crops is the most practical preventive
treatment. Old fields should be
plowed under as soon as the crop of
fruit is of. If small section is to be
retained for plants, their removal
should be accomplished as early as
possible. If the beetles are found
about the young plants intended for
next years fruitage, spraying with
paris green late in summer will kill
such as are feeding upon the foliage
at that season. George G. Butz in
New England Homestead.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11
Air in the Soil.

The Importance of the thorough
cultivation of the soil is recognized by
all who experiment to an extent suffi :
cient to show results Air is as nee
essary to the soil as moisture, for by
its admission the chemicals of the soil
are put into active operation and
brought into condition to be made
quickly available by the growing crop.
The manure, the remains of plants
and much of the humus of the soil is
converted into saltpetre, that valuable
chemical. When the soil is merely
stirred with hoe or cultivator forma-
tion of nitrates is promoted and an
increased state of fertility brought
about by the action of air on the or
ganic matter in the SOIL Cultivation
on larger scale, therefore, cannot
fail to increase the fertility by the
admission of increased air and mois-
ture to the soil for the direct feeding
Of the plants, as we'll as the action on
the elements in the soil, and the de-
struction of noxious weeds which rob
the cultivated plants of needed food.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11
THE PRISONERS OF WAR.
Spain's Captured Sailors Are Contented
With Their Treatment.

Spain's Captured Sailors Are Contented
With Their Treatment.
The naval battle off Santiago, in which
Admiral Cervera's fleet was annihilated,
has placed in the keeping of the Gov
ernment about fifteen hundred pris-
oners. These sailors, who left their
native shores for the purpose of do
ing damage to American coasts and to
capture or sink our ships, are living
contentedly at Camp Long, Seavey's
Island, Portsmouth, N. H., which was
prepared expressly for them.
These sailors are study, and for
many reasons. They represent the
natioral type; they show the quality
of men who form the Spanish army
and navy; they are unmistakable evi-
dences why the Spanish Government
was able to plunge the people into q
war which threatens the reigning
dynasty with greater dangers than
those of peace.
The captured sailors are made up Of
men and boys. In their ranks can be
seen the gray haired veteran, who has
spent his life in the Spanish navy,
down to the smooth and innocent faced
boy, who, were he an American, would
yet be at school, enjoying his youth.
The suffering the prisoners endured
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11
ping and ports on the opposite side of

ping and ports on the opposite side of
the bay.
Cadiz is strongly fortified; in fact,
the whole city is fortress protected
by ramparts and bastions. 1t is de-
Tended by the forts of San Sebastian,
on long, narrow tongue projecting
westward out to sea; Santa Catalina,
on high rocky line, to the northwest
of the city, and forming part of its
wall; Mstagorda and Puntales Castle,
on either side of the narrow approach
to the inner bay, and Fort San Fer
nando, otherwise known as the Cor
tadura, an intrenchment south Of the
city on the long narrow isthmus con-
uecting it with the mainland.
Cadiz is said to have been founded
eleven hundred years before Christ,
and even under the Romans it was a
emporium of trade. In the seven
teenth and eighteenth centuries it
reached the zenith of its greatness, and
most of the trade Of Spain with her
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11
The Career of a Hat.

"The life of Panama hat, that is,
if it is a good one to start with," ex-
planned hat dealer, compares some
what with the life of the owner of it.
One can run through either in hurry
or hang on for long time if it is de-
sired. If carefully kept Panama
hat should last all the way from ten
to forty years. know gentleman
who resides in East Washington who
has owned and steadily worn during
the summer months Panama hat for
nearly forty years. 1t has been
bleached every couple of years since
and trimmed and refined, and it is to-
day to all intents and purposes as
good as when I first saw it thirty
years ago. / know of another Pana-
ma hat now worn by physician in
this city, which has had almost as
long life. Long before he got it his
father wore it. I know dozens of
them which have been in use from ten
to twenty years. The lining wears
out, but the body of the hat keeps
good. OF course, care has to be used
to keep them such long time, but
the Panama itself is almost indestruc-.
tible. The original cost of the hats
that I refer to was not exorbitant,
none of them costing over $14"-
WASHINGTON Star.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11

Europe, and for the Rambla, a wide,
well-shaded street nearly a mile long,
extending right through the city and
favorite promenade. 1t resembles
the boulevards of Paris in many re-
spects. Another famous Spanish sea-
port is Bilbao, in Biscay. 1t has many
curious sights, the most famous of
which is the tree tower.
The ancient walls of Barcelona
were torn down after long period of
street rioting by the Galatians, who
were determined to remove them in
order to allow industrial expansion,
and their places have been taken by
wide streets. To the southwest of the
ancient city is crest or high hill,
which breaks down precipitously to
the sea. 1t is called Montjuich, and
its summit is occupied by the Cas-
tillo de Montjuich, a strong fortress,
said to have accommodations for 10, :
600 men.
Cartagena, sometimes called Cartha-
gena, is small place of about 10000
inhabitants. but its harbor is the
finest on the eastern coast Of Spain,
and is very strongly fortified. The
place was founded about 243 B. c.,
more than twenty centuries ago, and
was originally known as Carthage
Nova. or New Carthage, to distinguish
it from the African city. 1t is now
the seat of Captain-General, and
one Of the three largest marine de-
partments.
The towns lie on the north side of
a deep, narrow-mouthed bay, and its
streets are spacious but not impos-
ing. The stone of which most of the
houses were constructed is friable and
the whole appearance Of the place is
dilapidated. But good deal of bust
ness is done, principally from the
mines nearby, which are very produc
tive. Thousands of men are en-
ployed in transporting lead, copper,
iron, zinc and sulphur to the port.
Large quantities of esparto grass are
grown near the town and it consti-
tutes one of the principal exports. 1t
is used in the manufacture of paper.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11

The most important of the coast
cities of Spain on which Admiral
Watson fixed his glittering eye is
Cadiz, on the southwestern coast, be-
tween Cape st. Vincent and Gibraltar.
II is the principal city of the Province
OF Andalusia, the garden of Spain,
and has population of about 60, 900
souls. Andalusia is the theme of the
most glowing descriptions of travellers
in Spain, and it is often characterized
as the most beautiful country and the
finest climate on the globe. In that
land spring is we'll advanced in Feb
ruary, and there is marvellous blend
ing of northern and southern vegeta-
ton. Apple and pear trees blossom
by the side of oranges, cacti and
aloes, and the ground everywhere is
covered with flowers. In the valleys
even the banana, cotton and sugar
cane are grown, while the fruits of
this region are esteemed the best in
Spain.
Cadiz is built on the extremity of
tongue of land projecting about five
miles into the sea and enclosing be-
tween it and the mainland magniti-
cent bay. The site very much resem-
bles that of some of the West Indian
cities, particularly San Juan, in Porto
Rico. Seen from either side, the city
appears as an island, and it is known
far and wide as the "White City" De
Amicis says: ''To give an idea Of
Cadiz, one could not do better than
write the word white with pencil
on blue paper and make note on the
margin, Impressions of Cadiz.'" The
natives call it ''The Silver Dish," and
it has> also been likened to an ivory
model set in emeralds. Every house
in the city annually receives coat of
whitewash, which is glaring and dis
agreeable when new, but soon mel
lows to fine ivory tint. For the uni
formity and elegance of its buildings
Cadiz must be ranked as one of the
finest cities in Spain, and it is said to
surpass all others in cleanliness, al
though the death rate is nearly forty
five per thousand.
The city is six or seven miles in cir
cumference, and is surrounded by q
wall with five gates, one of which COM
municates with the isthmus. The rail-
road station is just outside the wall,
as are also many of the business houses
of the place. The walls are thirty to
fifty feet high, nineteen feet thick, and
on the side of the bay, where it is ar
ranged in broad terraces, is favorite
place for walking in the evenings
This is known as the Alameda, and
commands fine view over the ship
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11

has tortured her exiled prisoners for
centuries past. Ceuta is a rock
ribbed, rock-bound island off the
northeast coast of Fee, Morocco, and
is twelve hours sail from the entrance
to the Straits of Gibraltar. It might
as we'll be called the island of the
seven hills, for from these it derives
its name. OF these the most con-
spicuous is Monte del Hacho, which
looks out toward Spain like a signal
point set up to say "All's we'll. "
Stretching back from the mountain a
narrow peninsula connects the island
with the main land of Africa. On this
neck of land the town of Ceuta is
built. All around are Notifications,
the high hills put up there by nature
and the prison walls and moats built
in succession by conquerors and re-
modelled and rebuilt by their sue
cessors and strengthened again by the
Spaniards when they made of it q
prison hell. The seven walls coiled
about the town itself are thick and i'm
passable, save here and there where
arched bridges have been cut through.
Between each wall there is o deep
moat of sea water, set down like q
seductive trap to catch any unfor-
tunate convict who might escape the
vigilant guards stationed all around
the walls. Every one of the seven
hills is fortified now. Up high on
Monte del Hacho there is o strong
citadel garrisoned by Spanish soldiers.
Here and there the walls are pierced
by the noses Of cannon. but there is
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11

while they were in Santiago Harbor,
and the effects of the naval battle,
made many of them look extremely
wretched. When they landed at Camp
Long they had hollow cheeks, sunken
eyes and sallow compilations. Many
of them were barely able to move and
bandages covered their wounds.
It is surprising fact that the
greater number of the prisoners are
boys, and yet this illustrates much
better than anything else the despera-
tion of the Spanish Government.
Taken from their homes and impressed
into the service where their heart is
not, it is hardly surprising that the
Spanish navy was so easily defeated
at Manila and Santiago. The
type of the Spanish sailor between
the veteran and the boy is a
fair specimen of the peasantry class.
Under normal conditions he is a
strong, able-bodied fellow, willing to
work when commanded, unlettered
and superstitious There is no doubt
that these sailors have deal of faith
in their officers, as the scenes of their
parting testify, and the sailors would
be willing to follow their officers
wherever they were led.
Now that they are prisoners on
American soil, they are receiving the
treatment which, it can be safely said,
has rarely been given to captured foe
in time of war. They are receiving
every consideration. Comfortable
quarters have been provided, good
food and decent clothes have fallen to
their lot. They are made to feel as
Admiral Cervera so prettily said, that
these prisoners ''are the wards of the
American people," That expresses it.
We are civilized, and treat our unfor.
tunate enemies in q civilized way.
These sailors are beginning to ap.
preciate their treatment. Their
minds have been disabused of the
falsehoods they were told by thei1
officers. The prisoners were told we
would kill them if they fell into our
hands. Allowing for the misfortunes
they have suffered, they are happy in
their imprisonment, and their natures
are softened by such kind treatment.
AS they are naturally dull, they dc
not indulge in much amusement in
their confinement. They associate in
groups and spend most of the time
talking, probably about their folks at
home, their mothers, wives and chill
dren, as the case may be. Some OF
them play cards, and pass the hours
that way. Some walk around for ex
ercise, but as a whole the sailors dc
not seem to be very fond of it. They
like to lay around and take life easy
and thankful for whatever comes theil
way.
Seevey's Island is we'll guarded, sc
that If any attempt to escape is made
it will be frustrated Marines patrol
the grounds around, and machine guns
face the big yard in which the
prisoners take their exercises.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11

no evidence that they have ever been
used except for signaling, and it is
doubtful if they could be brought to
much better use, owing to their inn
movability.
The Canaries, that colony of Spain
off the northwest African coast, have
only two ports of any consequence,
Tenerifte and Las Palmas, and the
inhabitants are q painfully peaceful
lot of non-combatants, wretchedly de-
Tended, poorly armed and likely to
run up the white flag at the first sight
of war ship.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1898-08-11
Losing Young Chicks.

Many complaints are heard this
year, mainly from those who have had
their first experience with an incuba-
tor, regarding the large proportion of
the chicks hatched which die during
the first two or three weeks after
Matching. In most cases the fault is
laid to the incubator, which is hardly
fair. The cold, wet weather which
has prevailed has been hard on the
little chicks and caused the loss of
many of them. Overheated brooders,
overcrowding and poor ventilation are
also responsible for many deaths
among chicks. 1t is safe to say, how
ever, that the main trouble, not only
this year, but all years, is due to in
herited weakness, and when this is the
case no amount of care or attention in
feeding will overcome the trouble.
Chicks will often hatch in the incuba-
tor on time, or little before time,
and be extremely lively for few days
or even for two or three weeks, then
suddenly die. Chicks hatched by the
old hen frequently do the same thing.
There is more in the proper selection
of stock for Matching than most peo-
pie are willing to believe, and it pays
every time to know something of the
ancestry of the embryo chick in the
egg you intend to hatch even if the
breed is pure. In the majority of
cases where male runs with forty or
even more hens, the proportion of fer
tile eggs laid by the hens will be small
and even the fertile ones will produce
weak chicks. Other well-known causes
are responsible for weak chicks. At
lanta Journal.