The sun., 1898-02-20

conquered II WAS assigned for Christian over =.
sight TO an abbot Bishop. or .,rlest In this way
were laid tho foundations OF Bremen and wer.
den. Munster, Padcrborn, Osnahrnck and Min.
den, somc of which woro put under the Arch.
bishop OF Maycncc, whilo othors were placed
under Cologne. A monastery was planned for
Hamburg, and under Charlcs's successors the
hishoprics OF Hildeshcim and Halberstadt were
organized. With Christianity went a now and
higher civilization; mon in largo numbers set.
tied near tho bshoprlcs and monasterlcs for
safety and protection. Markets wero cstat-
lishcd. roads wcro built from one to another
mart, and tho Saxon towns soon became i'm.
portant centres of industry and trade.
We pass over tho subiugation of tho Lombards
the conquest of the Avars. and tho invasion ~
Spain. We pass over, also. the system of imperial
administration. which did not long survive its
creator His great and permanent uchicvcm,n ntn
were these: Ho brought the whole German
people into ono body for period long enough
for their development in civilization and Chris
tianity; he created, so to speak, great imperial
university for the training Of the German nation
in learning, in religion, and in morals; he
made possible tho establishment OF feudal.
ism. out of which were to grow tho FREQ citizen
and tho great monarchics OF Europe; above
all elso he placed tho Roman Church in posi-.
tion OF independence. strength, security, and
influence, in which she might become the guide
the teacher, and the example OF tho West In
other words. the greatness of Charles consisted
not in his famous exploits, neither in his wars
nor in his laws, neither in his imperial title and
organization nor in his generalship and VIC.
tories but in the results for civilization. moral
ity, and religion. of which he laid tho basis.
The mighty agency through which he worked,
the organization which he placed In control Of
tremendous forces. and upon which he con.
ferred the power Of using them was the Chris
tian Church. which had its centre and its head al
Rome Waltz has pointed out in passage quoted
in the book before US in what respects Charles'r
work was incomplete: AN inclusion of the
Anglo-Saxon and Irish territories In tho empire.
an extension Of the imperial sovereignty and
the Christian faith over the Scandinavians, an
expulsion Of the Mohammedans from Spain and
the restoration Of Christian rule throughout
the Iberian peninsula; those. leaving out the
problems which North Africa and tho East
might present. were objects which successor
Of Charles who wished to carry on his work
could have placed before him.
As result Of the support given by tho carly
Carlovingians especially by Charles tho Great
and Of the spirit which pervaded the first half
of the ninth century. tho height of tho PapacY
was reached In tho three Popes whose pontin.
Gates covered little moro than the third quarter
Of the ninth century; namely, NicholasI l., Adrian
IL. and John VIII. Tho first Of tho three was
undoubtedly the greatest Of tho Popes between
Gregory l. and Hidebrand. In tho corruption
and disorder that followed the disappearance Of
the Carlovinsien line in Italy tho Papacy, cut
of from the empire. became the sport and prey
of Italian mobiles. and sank into weakness and
confusion. which lasted until tho Synod of sutri
in 1046. DR.. Wells says truly that like the air
to q flying bird was the imperial power To the