davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
NEW YORK MINING STOCKS.
BOSTON MINING SHARES.
a..
WALL STREET GOSSIP.

New York stock gossip reported by H. Hol-
bert G Son, bankers and brokers, 341 Robert
street, National German-American Bank
building, St. Paul:
today were very dull and uneventful COM
pared with the excited market we have had
or late, but 1t was APPARENT there was no pres
sure of stocks for sale and soon prizes m
menced to slowly advance until In the after
noon the market assumed its cd buoyant ten
dency. The leaders were the high-p iced
grangers, ST. Paul particularly making new
record for itself. We are told the newt divi-
dend on this stock will be at the rate of g
per cent per annum, following the lead of
Burlington, and, although we don't vouch for
this, we certainly think, If the Butlineton
directors were justified in advancing their
dividends, St. Paul certainly is also. We be-
leve that before the present movement is
over all dividend-paying stocks will be at
or Or, near per cent basis, and all good bonds
will pay little better than 31k per cent on an
investment. With increased dividends en- many
stocks one can form some idea of the market
which we are likely to have. AS we have
seems high enough to us for the time, but
We think these prices will look absuI dly
cheap in six months. Total sales for the day,
463, S48 shares"
FOREIGN FINANCIAL.
NEW YORK, Aug. 19.-The Evening Posts
London financial cablegram says:
ut was bank day in the stock markets
here. the exchange being half empty in ad-
vance of the holiday tomorrow. The tone
was good, however. There was a sharp
recovery in Canadian Pacific and in Grand
Trunk. Americans opened dull, following
The New York lead but rallied on New
York support Argen.ines were good on
further drop Of points in the gold premium.
The fall in De Beers mines continues"
NEW YORK MONEY.
NEW YORK, Aug. 19.-Money on call, Ik9
IL per cent; last loan, ia per cent Prime
mercantile paper, 3A@4 per cent. Sterling
exchange weaker, with actual business in
bankers bills at 81. S54@4. 85as for demand
and at 81 $1,000. 833s for sixty days. Posted
rates, &.S4@4 sc, and 81. $500. S61s CONNER
cial bills, $4.S2A. Silver certificates 59A@
5919c. Bar silver, 59Ac. Mexican dollars, Acc
LONDON MONEY.
LONDON, Aug 19-The market for Ameri-
can securities after declining somewhat was
quiet with hardening tendency. There was
no special features. The closing tone was
firm and the demand generally light The
amount of bullion withdrawn from the Bank
of England on balance today was t25OC0.
TREASURY STATEMENT
WASHINGTON, Aug. 19-Today's statement
of the condition of the treasury shows: Avail
able cash balance, s273,771, oil; god reserve
$201, 139, 661.
BANK CLEARINGS.
ST. Paul-s554, 234 Ga.
apolis-$1 1856, 064.
Chicago-$15, 1872. 1856.
New York-$152. 446, S57.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20

day of 1897. A Liverpool cablegram reported
offerings of new crop of Russian and Danubian
wheat at about the equivalent of from to
4c blu below the present price of spring
parcels of No. Kansas hard. 1t under
the influence Of such information that Septem-
Der wheat opened from 66Ac to 661sc, and
declined 70 e51ac inside of the first half hour
OF the session.
The statistics of the days movement were
by no means in favor of the bears. Receipts
at primary Western markets amounted to only
q, year ago. The clearances Of
wheat and -four from Atlantic ports
were equal to $1,000 bu. and it was
calculated that the visible would show a
decrease of 100000 bu. Prices at Minneap-
oils and Duluth were so much lower again
TO-DAY as to give air of sincerity to the
statements about the probability OF heavily
increased receipts in the near future. Spring
wheat was especially weak in the market for
CARROTS and that, together with a reduction
In premium bid for wheat for shipment had
much to do with the weakness that developed
in the trading for futures.
September opened unchanged to Ac lower
at 66Q69Ac; declined to 65l2c recovered TO
6534 d657sc: fell off to 64$4c and firmed up to
Csc asked at the close December began 40
&c down at 6S@63Ac: off to 621ac; UP to 621sc;
down to $3.50, and closed at 623sc.
Perfect weather and large receipts depressed
corn. good many who had sold out Sep
TENDER and replaced it with December yester-
day were indisposed to stand it with further
less, and became sellers as soon as weaK,
from scalpers at the decline, but as the ses-
sion advanced the general trade fell off in
volume ard the market closed at the low point
for the day. September started 1sc down at
31b@31Ac; ranged from 31Ac to S01ec and
closed at the latter figure.
Oats ruled steady small sca!ping trade
h ing the first half of the session, but finally
turned easy with corn. September opened &c
lower at zoe, rose to 201sc; declined to 1890
and left off at 19& @197sc.
The expectation of some heavy transactions
in lard for export strengthened the whole pro-
vision market Early there was some llqui-
dation and a dip in prices, but that loss was
all recovered and something more.
September pork opened 21ac lower at $3.50;
declined to sS.9212; advanced to $9.12ls and
closed at 1910; September lard began sc down
at s5.O5 and sold up to s5.221s, the closing
figure. September ribs started 214c OF "a at
s5.1212; weakened to $50; firmed up to $o.22hs
and closed at s5.t0@5221a.
Estimated receipts for tomorrow: Wheat,
1G0 cars; corn, 1,010; cats, AIS; hogs l!.ooo
head.
The leading futures ranged as follows:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
OTHER GRAIN MARKETS.
GRAIN GOSSIP.

Gossip by private wire to c. H. F. Smith
Co., st. Paul, members of the New York
stock exchange and Chicago board of trade:
Beerbohm cables that require M n s of VIII at
for all importing countries for the Sc son
of 1S9S99 to be S64, coo, 600 bu, and the surp Us
from exporting countries 4I4,0O0,000 bu.
cables say that heavy rain and hail storms
prevailed throughout the United King lem yes
terday. Continental cables tell of d.sast Gus
floods in Germany and Italy.
Kelly, of St. Louis, says III Ok for 75O,C0)
blu decrease in visible, 100000 shipments
from United States and over 5000 900 world s
shipments, and small decrease in Bradztreet's
worlds visible
NEW YORK.
o. NEW Ne ~, YORK, Aug od 1s1F.our-Reeeipts
active but weak and lower to SELL Wheat
Receipts, 21S,S0O blu; exports, 1885 bu; spot
steady; No: red, 1885, afoat, to arrive;
day and Closed A@1Ac net lower; cables
and statistics were bul.ish, but an absence
OF outside speculation and fortified behind
predictions OF larger receipts and big crop
the bear element successfully pounded the
market all day; No. 2 red August, TIC; Sep
cember, So S-16@7o7sc, closed $3.50. Corn-Re-
easy; No. 2, 36%c, afoat; options opened easy
and soon developed weakness with wheat,
closing %Q&c lower; short selling was a
feature; September, S51s@S55sc, closed s51sc.
spot quiet; No. 2, 27@271ac: No. 2 white,
3212c; options, like corn, eased off under short
selling and closed at unchanged prices; Sep
TENDER closed 251sc.
ST. LOUIS.
ST. LOUIS, Aug. 19.-Wheat over; No. 2
red. cash, elevator, 72c; track, 73c; Septem-
Der, else; December, 643sc; May, CSC; No. 2
hard, 6S@7Gc. Corn lower; No. c1sh, Be;
September, 29Ac; December, 291ac; May,
30&c. Oats steady; No. 2 cash, 21c track,
22q22Ac; September 2O14c; May, 23c; No. 2
white, 25c. Rye-No. l hard, doe. Flax seed
lower, soc.
KANSAS CITY
KANSAS CITY, Aug. 19.-Wheat about lie
lower; No. hard, nominally 67@6Sc; No. 2,
67hc; No. 8, 6514c; No. 2 red CSC; No. g. &c;
No. spring, Csc. Corn 1ac higher; No.
white, 29c. Oats-No. white, 241ac. Rye
lower No. 2, 451Ac.
MILWAUKEE,.
MILWAUKEE Aug. 19.-F1our over Wheat
lower; No. l northern, &c; Ne. northarn,
6614@e6Ac; September. 65c. Oats lower; 24@
&c Rye lower; No. 1, 43Ac. B3rley quiet;
No. 2, October, 45Ac; sample, 35@4lc.
LIVERPOOL
LIVERPOOL, Aug. 10. = Closa: Wheat
steady, A@7sd higher; August nominal; Sep
TENDER, IS 10d; December, 5s AID. Corn
steady, unchanged; September, IS 23sd Ocso-
Der, IS 25sd.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
MISCELLANEOUS.

NEW YORK COFFEE-New York, Aug.
19.-Coffee options opened steady at un-
changed prices to FONTS lower; ruled mac
outside speculative support. European news vs.
Indifferent, Brazilian news bearish average.
statistical situation featureless; consumptive
demand still rather sluggish. Clo.ed steady,
unchanged to 8 points lower Sales 10 900
bags. including: September, 5.50c spot, RIO,
quiet; No. Z invoice, exc; No. tobbing 6a4 C;
mild quiet; Cordova, S@15c; moderate job
bling business at about former prices. Sugar
Raw, firm; fair refining, 3%c; cen. rifugaI,
Sc test 4Ac; ssdes were made on the basis
of quotations given, retired. firm
NEW YORK METALS-New York, Aug. 10.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
WEAKNESS IN FUTURES.
DemOraIizatf ton in Cash Prices De-
velOped 1t In Wheat and
Corn.

CHICAGO, Aug 19.-Demoral.zation of cash
prices for spring wheat today was a source
OF weakness in futures. September closed 1Ac
%d%c. Oats are A@asc down, Pork and
lard gained 1211c each and ribs 5@71kc.
- The shorts were evidently less anxious than
confident that there would be more wheat be-
fore the last day of September than the bulls
would want for legitimate purposes. The
weather in the Northwest was Of the same
of spring wheat that has generally favored
the operation since the cutting commenced.
Chicago received 121 cars whereas 95 were
ceived. Minneapolis and Duluth reported 327
carloads against SO the same day of the nre-
Vlous week, and 163 cars the corresponding
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
DULUTH GRAIN.

DULUTH, Mimi, Aug. 19.-Market active
and weaker. September opened Ac up at CSC.
and at 1890 was quoted at 641ac. Gosh S0O.-
600 shippers at 3lac to arrive in August early,
and &c later. Wheat stock will decrease, 100 .
hard, 7011c; 5000 No. 1 northern 691.c; 16 600
No. northern, 69c; 900 No. northern.
6SAc; 1000 No. northern. $3.50; 5000 No.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
LIVE STOCK MARKETS.
Feeders Sell We1l-HOgs
Steady.

SOUTH ST. PAUL, Aug. 1e.-The receipts
at the Union Stock yards today were: Cat
tie, los; calves. IL; hogs, 479. Extremely
dull one Butcher stun was decidedly com.
mon and sold low. Several punches Of stock
ers ana feeders sold well. Light run Of hogs
with yesterday, and showed an inclination to
drop Tihe, No sheep were received,
Hogs-Market barely steady with yesterday.
Common quality forced prices down. One
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
RECEIPTS AND SHIPMENTS.

bu; corn, 1880 blu; oats, 424O bu; barley
42O bu: rye $3.50 bu; fax, 1,O4O bu; oil, 1884,
go 9ao Obs -four, 325 bbls; hay. 60 tons; fruit
Der, 16 cars; barrel stock, cars: machin-
cry, 3S9,5S5 lbs; coal, 1923 tons: wood 81
cords; brick, 5000: cement, 4sO bbls; house.
hold goods, 5000 lbs; dressed meats, Ga, coo
cars: lots Co., 40
shipped-Wheat, So cars; wheat, $3.50 blu /.
corn, go ou; oats, g. SO blu; rye, 1926 bu:
fax. Ito bu; oil, 36, 200 lbs; flour Al S98 bbls
millstuffs 11S tons; fruit, 10S 800 lbs: mer.
chandise, 2029.5 lbs: lumber, rs cars: posts
l car; barrel stock, cars; machinery. 7ss !,
hold goods, 1900 lbs; ties 20 cars: stone
and marble, cars; dressed meats, "a. 600 lbs.
railroad materials, cars sundries, I6 cars.
car lots, TAB. -
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20

northern 6S1zc 5000 No. i northern, ssAc;
$4,000 No. 1 northern, Csc; 10000 No. north
ern, 67%4c; LOCO No. 1 northern, 675sc; u, 600
sac; 5000 No. 2 northern, 64c 5000 No. 8
spring, 601ac; $500 fax, S9ikc. Receipts
Wheat.14, las bu; corn. 1,425; rye, $500; fax,
Co.'S Shipments-Wheat 46, 427 blu. Duluth
el9se-September wheat, 64,2c December,
615se. September closed at 641Ac; spot No. /
hard, 6SAc; No. l northern. 67Ac; No.
northern, 64Ac; No. spring, 59Ac. To Arrive
No. l hard, Csc; No. l northern, &c; No.
hard, August, 6SAc; September 651ac; De-
cember, 62asc; No. l northern, August, 67Ac;
December, 614c; oats, 24a23c; rye. 621sc;
barley, 26c; flax, soc; September, soc; corn,
3OIhr
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20

Cash quotations were as follows: Flour
Quiet Wheat-No. 3 spring 64@70A; No.
2 red, e01sc. Corn-No. yellow, 311a@32c
No. 2. 2lG21Ac. oats-No. 2, 201z@2c&c: No.
white, 25@27c; No. white, 24@25c. Rye
No. 2, 4212G42Sc. Barley-Sample, BIO SC.
Flax Seed-No. /, size: Northwestern. S9lAc.
Timothy Seed-Prime. s2.55 Mess Pork--Per
Dbl, $9.05d9.1O Lard-Per 100 lbs. s5.l0@5 10.
ders, (boxed). 41s@4Ac. sides-Short, clear,
boxed, s5.55605,70. Sugar-Cut loaf, I'M
changed. Receipts-Flour, 1900 bbls; whe t.,
rye, $500 blu: barley, 1880 bu. Shipments
Flour g. 400 bbls; wheat 43 400 blu; corn, $780,
200 bu; oats, 800 blu; rye, So, 800 bu barley,
butter market was unchanged.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20

Other Grains-Winter wheat, IS cars; No.
8 corn, II cars: No. 4 corn, 2 cars; No
oats, "a cars: no grade oats, cars; No.
rye, 6 cars; No. rye, cars; No. barley,
/ car; No 1 fax. 6 cars.
Cars Inspected Out-Wheat, No. northern,
128 cars; No. 8, cars winter wheat . carr;
No corn, cars; No. 8 oats. cars; No.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
ST. PAUL GRAIN.

Quotations on grain, hay, feed ETC., fur
nished by Gr:ggs Bros, grain and feed mer-
chants:
Wheat-These quotations are for new wheat;
old wheat of corresponding grade Gem
mands prem UNI; No. ! northern, 64Gt66c;
No. northern, 61@63c.
Corn-No. 3 yellow, 321s@33c; No. 8, 500
3212c
oats-No. white, 24@241kc; No. 3, 23@a34c.
Barley and Rye-Sample barley, 24G32c; No.
rye, 41@42c; No. rye, 40@40Ac.
Seed-No. 1 flax, S6@S7c; timothy seed, $ld
LIS; red clover, s2@2.10.
Flour-Patents, per Dbl, $4.30@4.60; straights
$4@4.2o; bakers, $2.4OQ3.5O; rye flour, $2.4O
@2S0
Ground Feed-No. 1 feed, $12.75@13.
Coarse CornmealE$12@12.2 5.
Bran-$9@9.50.
Shorts-In ba}A-S11@11 so.
Iowa and Minnesota upland, s6. 25@7; No.
upland, $696.25; No. l wild, $4,000; good
to choice timothy, sos.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
bunch sold at good prices. Representative

mon quality. Stodkers and feeders of good
quality sold well. Representative sales:
Butcher Cows ard lIaifars-
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20

MICH COW EXCHANGE.
SOUTH ST. PAUL, Aug. 19.-Lytle & Rae
burns report: Good fresh cows and springers
In fair demand. Others neglected and slow
sale. Gamers selling very low Representa-
tive sales:
NO. Price. No. Price.
l COW ..........$40 Oo cows ........ .$6S 90
z cows 66 90 1 cow ....... So 90
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
EiQht Round DoI/oye

To Chicago via the new "Great weS,,u.
Limited" Very low rates to Eastern noints
via Chicago Great Western. Ticket of,cs
Robert and Fifth streets.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
WEEKLY BANK CLEARINas

The following table, compiled by Brad
streets, shows the bank clearings for the
week ended Aug. is, with the percentage of
increase and decrease as compared with the
corresponding week last year:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
STOCKS WERE HIGHER.
Bulls Drove the Bears to Cover b,
Heavy, Persistent
Buying.
Previous
e. Day,

Bar silver. New York .......... Ssx ssk
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
MINNEAPOLIS GRAIN.

MINNEAPOLIS Aug. 19.-Wheat opened
weak in the face of reports tha. should
have had a buoyant effect.
September wheat opened at 63bc being &c
under Thursdays close, dropped to 62Ac,
frmed up to 62h@625sc, and sod down to
&c by noon.-
December wheat opened at 60a4c. being the
&c declined to Coo, gained &c, gained 1sc
and lost sc by noon.
May wheat opened at 63Ac, being the same
Thursdays close, and sold down to 624c
by noon.
The cash wheat market was dull, with the
majority of trade inclined to look for great
er strength in the near future.
August wheat closed at S4c September at
61Ac, December at 9A@59%c and May at
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20

A Strong Plea In His FavOr--There
May Re Others just rs Good
Generous Advice to- Unite Ger
tain Breeds-The Poland China
the Country.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20

~ 10: yeI10"i 90 o!yT. - -. oo,la
Rye-No. rye Ale; No. 8, 40c
Barley-Feed barley, zee; sales.
Feed in 2O0-lb sacks, 81 per ton additional;
in 100-lb sacks, $3.50 additional. 1t will be
noticed that there is a radical change In
all feed prices Bran sales for export are
liberal.
Feed-The trade is fair for this season of
year, with values steady.
Coarse cornmeal and cracked
ira 800. -. .............. s12 25@12 so
oats, 75-Ib sacks. sacks extra. 10 25@1s so
oats, 7O-lb sacks, sacks extra. -. 10 75@14 90
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20
HIDES, TALLOW, WOOL.

ST. PAUL, Aug. 19.-Quota lions on h des.
tallow and grease furnished by D. Bergman
q Co., 1ee East Third street, ST. Paul:
Gre Greeh h; alaes- No. 1. No: g.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1898-08-20

On Track-No. hard, G5a4c; No. northern,
6424c; No. northern, 61Ac; August oats,
23c; August corn, 304c; faxseed, S61Sc; Sep
TENDER. Sc.
Curb on September wheat .............. 61A
Puts September wheat .............. 6iA
Calls On September wheat .............. 62as
FLOUR.
Despite the lower figures for wheat today.
millers are not disposed to abate their ask
ing price. Speculative wheat for the present
has ceased to affect -four market.
First patents 49, ............. "a 1904 rs
BRAN, SHORTS AND COARSE GRAINS.
Bran in bulk - .........$ 81 5O1-7 rs
Shorts, in bulk ...... ........... 500 rs
Mddlings, in bulk ........... II 50011 rs
Red dog 40--b sacks. f. o. b.. IA 00@14 so
COrp-Nn. 8 Bic: 600 blu to arrive 2lc:
Iron County register., 1898-03-03
HINTS FOR DAIRYMEN.

A dragging gait shows weak muscles
In the cow.
When the spring comes remember
that there is not much nutrition in the
new grass.
Ice will keep piled on top of the
ground if you will cover it deep enough
with saw dust.
\ kicking cow and a swearing milk
er make bigger nuisance than skunk
under the barn is.
Better pay good price for good
COW than n small price for poor one.
In fact poor cow is not worth having.
Exercise creates heat in the cow and
IN degree takes the place of feed. But
tbot does not necessarily mean that eN-
ercise is profitable.
Milk being such a ready vehicle by
which to carry disease, it should never
he used when the cow shows the slight
est symptoms of sickness.
Is it true that cows milked nearly up
4o the time of calving, will drop smaller
calves? asks a subscriber. That is the
4beorv of some, but we have never seen
.nv evidence of its truth.
A subscriber has two cows that give
bloody milk after calving. This is
raused by blows or commencing lnfiam-
,,,ation from other causes; local con-
oastion. with increased flow of milk.
Give dose of salts, restrict the diet
and rub daily with compound tincture
of iodine with three times its bulk OF
xxater.-western Plowmap.
Iron County register., 1898-03-03
How to Test Paris Green.

Paris green is generally favored as an
arsenical poison by entomologists in
preference to London purple, because
it is of more even composition and easily
tested. Pure Paris green when dropped
into common ammonia will entirely dis
solve. leaving a clear. dark blue liquid,
not green. like the color of the powder.
If any sediment remains, this is some
form of adulteration, and therefore
represents an impurity. Chrome green,
which might be used to adulterate
Paris green, will give the liquid a
dirty green color. and will deposit a
bright yellow sediment in the bottom
of the vial. London purple is just as
effective, provided it is of good quail
ty, but its quality can only be de-
termined by chemical analysis
Farm and Fireside.
Iron County register., 1898-03-03
BEST SOIL FOR PEARS.
Grow Nicely on CIayey Ground and
on n Hillside.

Grow Nicely on CIaycy Ground and
on Hillside.
Clay soil is considered best for pear
culture, and still it should not be too
tenacious and sticky. \ pear orchard
will not thrive so well, says Green's
Fruit Grower, on any soil that has not
a clay subsoil. Next to a fria0le clay
loan, a gravel loam is most desira BILE.
A light, sandy soil is the least desirable
of any, and yet pears can be grown E II
sandy soil. Standard pears can be
planted 20 to 80 feet apart, according to
circumstances and habits of growth.
If planted 30 feet apart, dwarf pears
can be planted between the rows each
way. l prefer a standard pear for gen
eral orchard culture, for the reason that
they require less fertility and cultivI
ton, and for the further reason that
they are longer lived and make larger
and more permanent trees. When the
question came up for a vote, however,
before the Western New York Horticul-
tural society, we found that the dwarf
pear was the favorite for orchard plant
ing or for garden. Dwarf pears have
the advantage of coming into earlier
bearing. The dwarf pear is not short
lived. 1t requires more pruning and
more attention than the standard pear.
Many varieties do better on the dwarf
pear than on the standard. | should
not locate pear orchard or any other
orchard in a low piece of ground. [
should locate on a hillside. The pear
is easily transplanted. I transplant
several thousand every spring. and they
do not lose on an average one out CT
one hundred trees. Pear trees come
into bearing earlier than the apple.
Iron County register., 1898-03-03
DESTRUCTIVE FUNGUS.
How to Treat BrOwn-ROt on PIuma
with Considerable Eject.

How to Treat ErOHn-ROt on PIums
with Considerable Effect.
1t is scarcely necessary to repeat the
general remarks on treatment for fun
gus diseases published in several previ-
Gus bulletins. But concerning brown
rot (Monilia fructigena) we may say
that only the most persistent effort can
hold this fungus in check. As all grow
ers have observed, the decayed fruits
hang to the twigs and persist over win
ter. 1t is from these in the early days
of spring that an abundant crop of
spores are borne, and the petals of the
flowers, young leaves, and even many
branches, are attacked. These num-
mied fruits also hang on all summer and
continue to produce spores. Hence, by
the time the fruits become half-grown
or begin to mature, the injecting spores
may come from the old decayed fruits
of the previous year or from more re-
cent infection on the young growth of
the current year. Whenever the fruit
is quite useless.
The proper plan is to remove all de-
cayed fruit from the orchard when the
trees are free from foliage, as it can DC
easily seen at this time; then, before
the buds swell in the spring, wash the
trees thoroughly with solution OF
concentrated lye or of sulphate of cop
per. The first solution should be made
by dissolving eight cans of I've in sc
gallons of water, and the copper sui.
phate Cbluestone) in so gallons of wa.
ter. l consider the lye preferable. but
the latter may be somewhat pleasantc4
to handle. This washing is very inn
portant and perhaps does as much real
good as all later work.
The later washings should be given
as follows: Weak Bordeaux just as
color shows plainly in the bloom buds,
and repeated soon as bloom has fallen.
If the work is we'll done to this point
very little infection will have survived.
Concerning value of later sprayings l
much in doubt. If the early washing is
not well done, I have almost no faith
in later treatment.
All washing or treatment of orchards
should be done with n spray-pump.
Poor, half work is usually dead loss.
William B. Atwood. in Bulletin Vir.
ginia Experiment Station.