davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald., 1898-03-20

trial physics and tidal phenomena have
attracted much attention. He was the
first to enunciate the doctrine, now gen.
orally accepted by mathematical phys
icists, that the earth does not contain a
fluid and plastic mass within, but has the
rigidity Of steel, and is practically solid to
the center.
COAL AND OXYGEN SUPPLY
In the discussions at the Toronto meet
ing last year. Lord Kelvin rather startled
the scientific world, as well as the rest of
mankind, by his statements in regard to
the worlds fuel supply beneath the earth's
surface and the oxygen supply in the air
above The discussion was doubtless
prompted by reference to his remarka-
BILE paper on 1.-THE Age Of the Earth"
which formed the annual address of the
Victoria institute for June, 1897. In that
paper he limited the age Of the earth since
plant life first appeared to about 80, 900 900
years, based on the belief, resulting from
mathematical calculations, that the sun
previous to that period was not hot enough
to contribute to the support of plant life
on this planet. He intimates that the sun
has been growing hotter ever since, and
is now in the acme Of his power as dis
penser of heat.
According to this latest theory there
was no free oxygen at the time the crust
of the earth was solidified, for no chemical
reaction was going on by which 1t could
be liberated from the rocks. 1t was neces-
sary for vegetable life and sunlight to
come into play to prepare an atmosphere
in which animal life could exist.
COAL BURNING UP THE OXYGEN
But the combustion of coal and wood at
titles of oxygen. to such an extent in fact,
as to threaten our normal supply of that
essential ingredient of the atmosphere in
the not distant future, even humanity
speaking. Is there just cause for alarm
and can remedial measures be proposed?
Taking Lord Kelvin's figures, there are
1880 millions of millions of tons of oxygen
floating in our atmosphere, and not one
ton too much. On the other hand, the
world burns up every year 600. 900 tons
of coal, and eight tons of oxygen are con-
sumed in burning every three tons of coal.
This, together with the amount consumed
by wood fires and other articfcial pro-
cesses, will bring the total annual with
drawal Of atmospheric oxygen from these
sources alone up to about 2500. 000, 900 tons.
BREATH THE CHIEF CONSUMER
But fires are not the only cause Of the
destruction of oxygen. nor even the chief
one. There are 1,400. 1000 human beings
in the world. and these consume about one
and one-half pounds each every twenty
four hours. or. roughly, 4Oo,0oo.0oo tons in
the aggregate per annum. Then there are
all the animals, domestic and wild.
throughout the world. and It Is calculated
that these. added to human agency, will
deprive the air Of about $500. 100000 tons
per nnnum.
Thus fuel nres and animal life combine
to subtract from the ktmosphers every
year about yUor. 0oc.oot tons. Or somewhat
~ =. tAe2 ~ 1alefed thesaanAta =
The herald., 1898-03-20
Visitors to the Congressional Library

VIS1COrS TO Cue congressional Library
The Congressional library building was
opened for visitors "a days in February
The total number Of visitors was 1885,
The lowest number on any one day was
on the 1st of the month, the number being
S59; the greatest number was 1852, on the
22d. The average daily number was 1941.
The daily readings of the blind have be-
come one of the most interesting features
connected with the library. The room de-
voted to this purpose is crowded every day
by blind people. who come to listen to the
readings from instructive and entertaining
books. Every day different person reads
something, making his or her own selec-
ton, and the auditors have variety Of
subjects presented to them. Such an in
terest is being manifested in these readings
that volunteers have been selected for
every day up to May 9Th. The reading is
entirely voluntary on the part of the resi-
dents of the city. Yesterday "Grace Green
wood read a selection; Miss Merrick was
the reader today, and the Rev. B. N Sey-
mour will read tomorrow. Miss Thaodate
L. Smith is reading the "Choir Invisible" !"
and gives two or three chapters at a time
Washington Evening Star.
The herald., 1898-03-20

Near the Azores he has discovered q vol
canic bank so miles long, and Portuguese
captain has discovered a second bank
close by. These banks are the resort of
numberless fishes. The Prince is having
a new vessel of 1,4O0 tons built for further
explorations.
AS the result of long continued and care
full experimenting, an eminent physician
prescribes as a food for typhoid patients
bananas in their perfectly ripe state
In severe cases of typhoid the lining men,
brane of the small intestines become ir-
ritated and inflamed and finally develops
ulcers Of various sorts, which throw off a
coating, leaving the walls of the intestines
dangerously thin. Solid foods coming in
contact with these delicate spots might
produce rupture with the most serious
results. The banana, which is almost all
nutrition, dissolves, and is largely abb
sorbed before 1t reaches the infiamed part
The trifing residuum is so fine and pulp
like that no harm comes from it. For this
reason and because the banana has about
five per cent waste, it is considered the
very best possible food for people suffering
from this form of disease.
The herald., 1898-03-20
LORD X ELVIN

America last year fully demonstrated, on
which occasion he was the most prominent
figure at the meeting of the British asso-
citation for the Advancement of Science.
He was president of that body as long ago
as 1871.
Kelvin is Of a sturdy, almost gigantic,
physique, and twenty years ago was an
enthusiastic yachtsman and skillful navi-
gator, and as his mind enriches everything
he touches, he has invented an improved
quadrant and several marine appliances
that have benefited the science of naviga-
ton, including q new method Of taking
deep-sea soundings.
EARLY ACHIEVEMENTS
The father of Lord Kelvin. DR.. James
Thomson, was himself man OF large ca
pacity and culture, and was appointed
professor Of mathematics In the University
of Glasgow in the year 1892, when his son
William was but years of age. The lat
ter was very precocious, and after pass
ing through the Glasgow university he
early entered Cambridge, where he gradu-
ated as second wrangler in 1s45.
He then went over to Paris and gained
valuable experience in the laboratory of
the eminent chemist and physicist, Reg
nault. Returnin gto Glasgow year later,
he was appointed at the age Of %, profess
sor of natural philosophy in the univer-
sity, a position which he has filed with
distinction for more than half century.
The first scientific treatise which drew
general attention to the youthful investi-
gator at Glasgow was embodied in series
of papers on 1.-The Dynamical Theory of
Heat" contributed to the Royal Society Of
Edinburgh in 1S49 Previous to that date
the material theory Of heat, though it had
been disproved by Count Rumford and Sir
Humphrey Davy, continued to be the basis
OF both experimental and practical work,
but in the epoch-making papers referred
to the whole science Of thermo -dynamics
was placed on thoroughly rational and
scientific basis.
DISSIPATION OF ENERGY
These researches were soon followed by
his remarkable discovery Of 1.-THE Principle
Of Dissipation of Energy" first announced
by him In 1852. It is well summed up as
, follows, by writer in Nature:
During any Transformation of energy
Of one form into energy of another form
there Is always a certain amount of energy
rendered unavailable for further applica-
tion. No known process in nature is ex-
actly reversible, that is to say. there is no
known process by which we can convert a
given amount Of energy Of one form into
energy Of another form, and then, revers-
ing the process, reconvert the energy Of
the second form thus obtained into the
original quantity of energy Of the first
form. Thus, during any transformation
Of energy from one form into another,
there IL always certain portion Of the
energy changed into heat, and the heat
thus produced becomes dissipated and
diffused by radiation and conductlon.
CONSEQUENTLY, there Is tendency in
nature for all the energy in the universe,
Of whatever lnpd It be, gradually to a.
ruult the form of heat, and. havipe done
9sselss sseI|y alausst a. w
The herald., 1898-03-20
Mr.. Mncoln's Estimate Of a Neighbor

A New York firm applied to Abraham
Lincoln some time before he became pres
ident for information as to the financial
standing Of one Of his neighbors. Mr.. Lin
coin replied as follows:
"Yours of the 10th inst. received. I arg
well acquainted with Mr.. X, and know
his circumstances. First of all, he has a
wife and baby; together, they ought to be
worth $4,000. Secondly, he has an office,
in which there are table, worth $3.50, and
three chairs, worth, say, 81. Last Of all,
there is in one corner a large rat hole,
which will bear looking into. Respectful
ly, A. LINCOLN"
-Indianapolis Sentinel,
The herald., 1898-03-20

The beautiful and delicate colors OBJ
served on the eggs of birds are not very
fast to light, more especially when they
belong to the lighter class of color.
The herald., 1898-03-20
Our Useless Prejudices

These miserable prejudices, then, are to
be Topped off; and there is our whole
strength to be applied. For what is weep
ing and groaning? Prejudice What is mis-
fortune? Prejudice. What is sedition, dis
cord, complaint, accusation, impiety, lev
ity? All these are prejudices, and nothing
more; and prejudices concerning things un-
controllable by will, as if they could be
good or evil. Let anyone transfer these con-
victions to things controllable by will, and
I will engage that he will preserve his
constancy, whatever be the state Of things
about thim.-Epictetus.
The herald., 1898-03-20

Four Of the Montana willows, with one
from the island of Unalaska, are the
smallest shrubs Of Salicacene in the world.
One of these growing often only half an
inch high, is believed to be the smallest
species of willow ever known.
The herald., 1898-03-20

Since the beginning of the ninteenth cen
tury. the number Of English speaking peo
pie has grown from $4,000 900 to 125 900 900
The herald., 1898-03-20

Tho following IL the copy Of sign in =
remote Georgia county: "A Few Bright
scholards Talkin to Lsrn Writin, epailin
and Ttgerin." HR
The herald., 1898-03-20

Humboldt said that single pound of
the finest spider webs would reach around
the world.
The herald., 1898-03-20

Cancer From Eating Meat
The officers of a leading London hospital
believe that the general increase Of cancer
is due to excess in meat eating.
The herald., 1898-03-20

Kansas City has : bakery with A OUT
III oe iiloo Ioauss ef bread : day,
The herald., 1898-03-20

Docility in Porker
Searsmont, Me-, presents the greatest Gu
riosity-a pig that will follow its owner
like dog and shows no disposition to 60
In the opposite direction.
The herald., 1898-03-20

A man shopping for his wife looks about
as cheap as the bargain counter.
The herald., 1898-03-20

One inch of rain falling upon one squar
mile is equivalent to about II 500 900 gallon
of water.
The herald., 1898-03-20

The radncs Of Monaco continuss his re-
searches On ths fauna Of the Maditsr-
lrausan ma the Atlantis at crest dtut8.
The herald., 1898-03-20

Mexico is richly endowed with precious
stones. The opals ofQueretaro, San Juar
del Rico and TequisQuapan are famou.
for their changing fires. They are found
in crusts on the calcareous rocks, which
are easy to work, and also in the granite
which has to be blasted, ana this otter
breaks the gems. The opals beds are sci.
bonn more than ten or twelve feet below
the surface.
Griggs courier., 1898-12-08
A Natural Fog Horn.

At the Farallones the erosive agents
have worked with queer caprice. This
rock being granite, has been acted upon
by the sea at all levels, and throughout
the long period when it has been rising
out of the watery depths. Through a
long, narrow hole, slanting and COM
municating with the ocean, there comes
ut intervals a terrific stream of air,
forced by the spasmodic heaving of the
waves against the lower orifice. The
government, which uses this island for
lighthouse purposes, inclosed the upper
end OF the nozzle of a foghorn, and every
few seconds there was blown an ear
splitting brawl, which was heard far
out at sea, and above the din of the
breaking rollers. 1t was allowed to
roar only in foggy weather, but it was
eccentric in that it would only sound
at high tide. When the tide was low,
although the weather might be very
thick, the thing was silent. For lack
of its warning a ship went ashore upon
the island rocks, and then it was that
the government abandoned its location
on the windhole and erected steam
siren, or mechanical forghorn, which
has since very faithfully performed the
necessary service. John E. Bennett, in
Harper's Magazine.
Griggs courier., 1898-12-08
p1TT1NG POTATOES.
After All T1a. Been Done or said, This
IL the Safest Way of Keep
ing the Tubers.

Potatoes keep better in pit than
anywhere else, but they must be we'll
protected to prevent zero weather from
catching them. They should never be
covered deeply enough to allow them to
become at all heated or they will start
to grow. The first covering should be
not more than six inches deep and this
should not be increased until the
ground has frozen enough to bear up
man. Then put on covering of straw,
ever the soil already on, and put on
more soil, patting it down TO make it
shed rain. Leave the pit until actual
winter has come and the ground is we'll
frozen and then over all put a foot of
fresh manure from the stables. Don't
be afraid of driving .he frostin, for this
will not happen. Keep the manure on
until the potatoes are needed in the
spring, for the covered pit will not
thaw out nor will the manure allow it to
freeze any more. and the potatoes will
not sprout until time for planting in the
spring if left in the pit.
Potatoes that are to be used for seed
should be placed in a pit by themselves
SO as to leave them undisturbed until
taken out to plant.-Farmers' Voice.
Griggs courier., 1898-12-08
MAKING CIDER VINEGAR.
Plan Now IN vegss Is e Rss ltIoves
Shsvings at . valFly BigA
TeApDeature.

T. d l / t - I
The Virginia experiment station hai
been conducting some experiments ia
determine II It be feasible for the or
dinary farmer to attempt to fermel.t
his own vinegar. Az is known by most
OF our readers, the old way of max
ing cider vinegar is to allow the cider
to stand in barrels for from one to two
years before using it. The more re.
cent plan is to run it over shavings
in q moderate heat. By this means fer
mentation progresses rapidly and the
cider is soon changed into commercial
vinegar. In the case of the Virginia ex-
periments the generators used consist
ed of a 4xs-foot wooden tank filed
with beech shavings. The tank was
provided with holes near the bottom
for the admission Of air, and fitted one
foot from the top with wooden disc
perforated to allow the entrance of the
cider, which was distributed evenly
over 1t by means Of bumper. The
vinegar was drawn from the tank by
means Of syphon of glass tubing in
serted in hole near the bottom. The
temperature of the fermenting cider in
the mass Of shavings was controlled
by regulating the supply of air, some OF
the air holes being shut off when the
temperature rose too high and opened
when it fell too low.
In order to acidify the shavings and
start the process of fermentation. the
generator was charged with strong
vinegar and again with vinegar in
which some concentraed grape juice
was dissolved. The stock solution,
a mixture of weak vinegar and
fermented cider, was then run through
the generator at the rate of 20 gal
Ions in "a hours. The resulting product
was a very good vinegar, ranging from
4.05 to 5.S7 per cent. acid. A mixture
of half vinegar and half fresh cider
failed to produce good vinegar without
being run through the generator twice.
Better results were obtained by allow.
ing the vinegar to ferment for some
time in casks before running it through
the generator. The temperature with.
in the generator two feet from the bot
tom ranged from SO to 106 degrees. The
higher temperature caused the loss OF
alcohol and lowered the acidity of the
product. Temperature below 90 did not
give good results. The best is thought
to be about t95.-Farmers' Review.
Griggs courier., 1898-12-08
ORCHARD AND GARDEN.

The plum is more difficult to graft
than the apple, we would say to an in
quirer.
Pruning can be done at any time that
the trees are not frozen. Cions may
also be cut for grating and stored away
for use later.
Grape vines will stand more pruning
than most any other kind of fruit and
they will make greater returns for the
work if it is intelligently done.
Blackberries do best or naturally fer
tile soil that has not been manured, as
manure causes them to grow too much
wood. The same is true of red rasp-
berries.-Western Plowman.
Griggs courier., 1898-12-08
RARE ORCHIDS IN BLOOM.
The "Flower of the Holy Spirit" Has
Been successfully Raised i'm
Cincinnati.

The florists in charge of the Eden
park greenhouses are in fever of ex-
citement over the appearance of flower
spikes on that, rare in this climate,
orchid called the flower of the holy
spirit elata. Attempts to
cultivate in this country this plant,
which is native of Brazil, have nearly
all proved failures. The orchids at
the greenhouses were sent to Mrs. Gest,
of this city, year ago by son who
is travelling in Brazil. Realizing that
they would need constant care and a
high temperature, she sent them to the
city greenhouses in Eden park, where
they have been watched over with ten
der solicitude by the head florist, I. G.
Shelby.
The flower of this plant is one of the
most beautiful known to horticulture
lists. 1t is two inches in breadth and
Of waxy whiteness, the stamen and
anthrax forming perfect rep1 oduction
of dove with wings outstretched.
Years ago, when the Spaniards invaded
Brazil, they wers struck by the pure
whiteness of the flower and the figure
of the dove and gave it it's present name.
The bulb of this plant is the size of
& small melon, the leaves palmlike and
growing from two to four feet in
length. 1t is terrestrial orchid and
grows upon the ground, not climbing
to the tops of forest monarchs, as it's
aerial brother: 1t is indigenous to the
forests of Brazil, where it blooms in
the dense and humid shade in o temper.
ature exceeding 11o degrees, in which it
is hardly possible for man not ma
tive to live. Each flower spike is topped
by an immense bud or envelope, which
ircloses from six to ten smaller buds,
which will burst forth into flowers.
These flowers bloom from six to ten
weeks.-Cincinnati Enquirer.
Griggs courier., 1898-12-08

himself in feeding stock or for house
hold consumption later on. In the stor-
age of sugar beets for factory use va
rious ways have been tried. In our
first illustration we give method used
in Nebraska for the purpose men,
toned. In this case the pile of beets is
about four feet wide and the pile of
dirt over them is six inches in thick
ness. Above the first layer of earth is
a layer of six inches of straw, and be-
fore cold weather comes on two inches
more Of dirt are put on. The hole
shown at v is ventilating hole one
foot in diameter. This kind of pit
is reported to do very well in Ne
Griggs courier., 1898-12-08

4 splendid Opportunity 70 VISIT
sonthern Points ut Snaall Cost.
On Tuesday, Dec. 9Th, and Tuesday, Dec.
Goth, popular low rate excursion will be
run from Chicago to the South via Chicago
q Eastern Illinois Railroad. On those days,
that Company will sell both one way and
round trip first class tickets at greatly re.
duced rates. One way tickets will be for
continuous passage; on round trip tickets
stop over will be allowed on going trip at
points in the South. Round trip tickets will
be good twenty-one. days. The Chicago 4
Eastern Illinois Railroad has two daily
through, trains which leave Dearborn Sta.
ton, Chicago, for all points beyond the
Ohio River; both trains carry through frat
ing cars serving meals out Of Chicago. This
is the shortest route to the South and the
time made by its trains is the quickest. For
detailed information, inquire of any ticket
agent or address Charles L. Stone, General
Passenger & Ticket Agent C. 4 E. I. r. r.,
Chicago.
Griggs courier., 1898-12-08
PUuCENT PARAGRAPHS.

'sDo you own your own house.
Twesdles ?" '.No; we've had the same
cook seven years. y" Chicago Daily Rec
ord. 4.
Hi, policeman, I claim protection =
What's the matter?'' IA new play Of
mine ID being produced, and they're
calling for the author. ."-Pick-Me-U Up.
He-"Here it tells Of doctor who
says impoliteness is disease" She
$50 it ID. And in the street car it II
generally found to be well seated."-
Philadelphia Bulletin.
I'm London they call store shop,
don't they?" ''Yes." "And an eleva-
tors lift, isn't it?" Eyes" sThen,
I suppose, they call an elevator boy in
store . shoplifter Chicago Trib-
une.
A Difference in Language.-'.I hear
that you have got job at last, Billy"
II have secured a position, jim" "How
much pay do you get day?" my sal
ary is $1.25 per diem.'
Chronicle-Telegraph.
Getting at the Facts.-She-'sDid
I understand you to say that your
friend is engaged in literary pursuits?''
He-"No, indeed! He merely writes
stories and poems for the magazines"
Cincinnati Commercial Tribune.
,Historical.-The inner diplomatic
history of the late war is soon told.
"Coalition!" proposed Spain to the
powers of Europe. "You ask too much, :"
these replied. Goal, then!" exclaimed
Spain, desperately. But even this the
unhappy nation was not suffered to OBJ
tain.-Detroit journal.
Utterly Obtuse.-"That there city
husband of Minnie's," said the innocent
old man with the whiskcrs, els one of
the pleasantest fellers. goin'. Why, I
hadn't been settin' chattin' in his Of
fee with i'm more'n quarter hour
fore he told me three times to come in
and see i'm again.'-Cincinnati En-
quirer.
Old Gentleman-"Do you mean to say
that your teachers never thrash you?"
Little Boy-"Never! We have moral
suasion at our school," Old Gentle
man-"What's that?" Little Boy
"Oh, we get KEEP in, and stood up in cor
ners, and locked out, and locked in, and
made to write one word a thousand
times, and scowled at and jawed at, and
that's all."-Golden Days.
Griggs courier., 1898-12-08
A WISCONSIN WAY.

braska. Whether it will be found equal
ly serviceable in some other parts of the
country can only be told by experience.
In our second illustration is shown
the method as followed in some parts
of Wisconsin. Notice is taken of the
fact that greater cold and more adverse
conditions must be faced. The cut
shows a cross. section only as the beets
are really placed In a deep and wide
furrow and may be any number of feet
in length. The pile here shown is about
six feet wide and three feet high. On
top Of it is 1s inches of earth with ven-
tilating tile every six feet. This tile
is left open while the roots are sweat
ing, but can be closed after that proc
ess is completed.--Farmer Review.
Griggs courier., 1898-12-08
A TRAP FOR MoLEs.
Description of a Simple Contrivance
That 10 Almost Sure to
Prove E6ectual.

To make mole trap as illustrated
below, the upright piece A is by 3
inches, 211a to feet long and sharpened
so as to be driven firmly into the
ground. 1t sustains heavy oak block
(B) attached to it by two wooden
clamps co., which allow it to slide up
and down with great freedom. Nailed
on the block is crosspiece (D) 10
inches long and inches wide which
has at each end two stout wires insert
ed an inch apart and made very sharp.
The block (B) is sustained in an ele-
waited position by the piece (E) which
passes through the upright just far
enough to catch upon the block when
in the position shown in the cut. 1t is
held in this position by the piece F G.,