The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1898-04-15

ed not only until the ability OF the new
states to protect themselves was full.
established, but until the danger or their
beng again subJugated had entirely
passed away. Then and not untii then
were they recognized. such was ou,
course In regard TO Mexico herself. II 4
true that with regard to Texas, the civil
authority OF Mexico mas been expelled
its invading army defeated, the cnie
OF the republic himself captured, and al.
present power To contro. the newly-or-
ganized government OF Texas annih4late
within It's confines. But on the other
hand, there is, in appearance at least
on the side of Texas. The Mexican ro-
public, under another executive, is rally
ing liz forces under a new leader, and
menacing fresh invasion TO recover Il
lost dominion.
Upon the issue of this threatened in
vasion, the independence of Texas may
be considered as suspended and were
there nothing peculiar in the relative sit
uation Of The United States and Texas
our acknowledgment OF its independence
at such crisis could scarcely be regarded
as consistent with that prudent reserve
with which we have hitherto held our
tons"
Thereupon Andrew jackson proceeded TO
consider the risk that there might be
imputed to the United States motives OF
selfish interest In view of the former claim
on our part to the territory OF Texas, and
of the avowed purpose OF the Texans In
seeking recognition of independence as an
incident TO incorporation of Texas in
the union; concluding thus:
Prudence, therefore, seems to dictate
that we should still stand aloof and main
tain our present attitude, If not until
Mexico itself, or one of the great foreign
powers shall recognize the independence
OF the new government, at least until the
lapse OF time or the course OF events sha
have proved beyond cavil or dispute the
ability or the people Of that country to
maintain their separate sovereignty anu
TO uphold the government constituted by
them. Mel her Of the contcnding parties
can justly complain of this course. BY
pursuing IT, we are hut carrying out the
long established policy of our government
policy which has secured TO us respect
and influence abroad and inspired conf
dence at home"
These are the words Of the resolute and
patriotic Jackson. They are evidence thai
the United Staues in addition 20 the test
imposed by public law as the condition
the recognition OF independence by neu-
tral state ito wit. that the revolted state
shall constitute in fact a body polite
having government In substance as well
as in name, possessed of the elements OF
stability" and forming de facto IL left 10
itself, state among the nations, reason
aply capable or discharging the duties OF
state) has imposed for its own govern
ance in dealing with eases Ike these the
further condition that recognition OF in
dependent statehood is not due TO re-
VOTED dependency until the danger OF it's
being again subjugated by the parent
state has entirely passed away. This ex-
treme test was i'm fact applied In tie case
of Texas. The congress to whom Prest-
dent Jackson referred the question as one
probably leading to war" and therefore
proper subject for IA previous under
standing with that body by whom war
can alone he declared, and by whom all
provisions for sustaining it's perils must
be furnished" left the matter of the rec
ogntion OF Texas to the discretion of the
executive, providing merely for the send
ing Of a diplomatic agent when the presi-
dent should be satisfied that the republic
OF Texas had become IAN independent
state" Ii was so recognized by President
Van Buren,, who commissioned "A charge
d affaires March Z. 1897, after Mexico
had abandoned an attempt TO reconquer
the Texan territory and when there was
at the time no bona fide" contest going
on between the insurgcnt province and it's
former sovereign.
l said in my message of December last
1T is to be seriously considered whether
the Cuban Instruction possesses beyond
dispute the attributes of statehood which
alone can demand the recognition of bel
lgerency In its favor The same require
ment must certainly be no less seriously
considered when the grdver issue of rec
ogn!zing independence is in question for
no less positive test can be applied to the
greater act than the lesser: while on tae
other hand the influences and conse-
quences OF the struggle upon the internal
policy Of the recognizing state, which
form important factors when the recogni-
tlon Of bellieerency is concerned. are sec
onuary. IL not rightly climlnable factors
when the real question is Whc.her the
community claiming recognition Is or Is
not independent beyond pcradventure
Nor from the iudpoint of cXpediencc
do | think il would be wise or prudent 10.
this government to recCgnl2c ~ tho pres.
en-, time the indepcndGnce Of the so-cal.c.l
Cuban republic. Such recognition IS no.
necessary 10 enable the United States 10
intervene and pacify the is.and TO COM
init this country now 10 the recognition OF
any particular government in Cuba nigh,
subject Us TO emGaTraSs NJ conditions 81
international obligation towards the or
gani2atiCn 50 recognized. In case Of n
tcrVention our conduct would be subject
Ia the approval or d!sapproval OF sCch
government; we would be required 10 suD-
nit TO It's direction and TO assume Ia II
the mere re-at.On of friCdly ally. When
Il shall appear hereafter that there l.
within the Island government capable
OF performing the duties and Gischargug
the functions Of a separate nation and
having as matter OF fact ire proper
forms ard attributes Of nationality, such
government can be promptly and readily
recognized, aud the relations and inter-
eeSts OF he United States with such ma
ton adjusted.
There remain the alternative forms Of
intervention TO end the war either as an
impartial nation by imposing a rational
compromise between the contestants or
as the active ally Of the one party or the
other.
AS to the first It is not to be forgotten
that during the last few months the re,a-
tioE Of the United States has virtually
been one OF friendly Intervention i'm many
ways, each not of itself conclusive. but
all tending 10 the cxertion OF potential
influence toward an ultimate pacific re-
SUIT just and honorable TO all interests
concerned. The spirit of all acts hitherto
has been an earnest, unSelfiSh desire FOR
peace and prosperity In Cuba, untarn-
ished by differences between us and
Spain and unstained by the blood of
American citizenship.
The forcible Intervention Of the United
states as neutral, to stop the war, ac-
cording TO the large dictates of humanity
and following many historical precedents
where neighbOring states have intcrfered
TO check the hopeless sacrifices of lie by
internccine conflicts beyond their borders.
Is jUstiflab,e on national grounds. 1t In
wolves, however, hostile constraint upon
both the parties TO the contest, us well
as to enforce truce as to guide the
eventual settlement.
The grounds for such Intervention may
be trefiy summarized as follows: First
In the cause OF humanity and TO put an
end 10 the barbarities. bloodshed, starv6-
ton and hot rlble miseries now existing
there, and which the parties TO the con-
nict are either unable or unwilling 70
stop or mitigate. 1t is no answer TO say
this is all in another country belonging
To another nation. and Is. therefore. none
or our business. 1t is especially our duty
for AZ is n door