davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times., 1898-09-25

idly undermining the high tariff Chinese
wall which the Republican party has.
for many years past at enormous cost
to the taxpayer, been building around the
United States.
The guns of Dewey at Manila, and of
Schley at Santiago, while ruinous to the
Spaniards, were still more effective in
undermining the Republican Tariff Wall
around this country. They started a
trade revolution, a transformation from
a Republican restrictive to Democra-
tic liberal and progressive commercial
policy.
A previous hpt less serious break in
the protection wall occurred a few years
ago, when Secretary Blaine so earnestly
advocated reciprocity treaties-a move
ment which has become immensely popu-
lar with the merchants and manufacture
ers throughout the United States.
AS reciprocity is a step toward freel
trade. and Democratic in principle, 1t is
time the general public knew the origin
of that conservative and popular meas
ure, about which there has been so much
dispute.
The times., 1898-09-25
plant European militarism. and play a
leading part in the interest of humanity.
Construction VS.. Destruction.

In other words, the issue for the OPEN
ing of the twentieth century, so near at
hand is American peace and con-
struction VS.. European wars and de-
struction.
The wars of Europe, during the present
century. have, directly and indirectly.
cost nearly one hundred billion doll
lars (s100, 600. .000, ,000). A single war in the
United States cost over ten billion dol
lars (slo, 900, 0O0, including original cost,
interest, and pensions to date.
The common people. the farmers and la
borers, who are invariably the principal
taxpayers, will not forever endure such
monstrous and unnecessary burdens.
Whatever is necessary in the interest
of freedom and humanity, as in the case
of Cuba, they will cheerfully bear, and
gladly pay for, but nine wars out of ten
are criminal, and these they object to.
To American Democracy. which, we re-
peat. is 1.-The party of the people. and
for the people," the oyerburdened nations
Of the world must look for relief. May
they not look in vain.
The times., 1898-09-25

in the interest of Internal tional arbitration
and peace. Today there is a widespread
movement for an Anglo-Amercan al
lance for other purposes.i
The Czar of Russia has recently sur
prised the world with a proposition for
a conference of nations in the interest of
disarmament, and peace
The Pope, year agog in a communi-
cation addressed to the Catholic bishops
throughout the world, began preparations
for "blessing the new century" by pro-
posing extraordinary and imposing relig-
ious ceremonies In honor of the coming
event, and the Christian doctrine of peace
and good VIII.
In brief, the year 1900 is destined to
be conspicuous landmark in the history
and progress of civilization, and is like
ly to witness grand transformation
scene among the nations of the earth. at
least, in policies for the future.
The United States must. hereafter, par
ticipate in the worlds affairs, and by
virtue of its universally recognized
wealth. power and prestige will be expect
ed to play a leading part.
The Republic is, then. face to face with
the great problems of a great future.
The times., 1898-09-25
Jefferson and Reciprocity.

In 1871 Thomas jefferson, while Secre-
ministration, was requested by the House
of Representatives to report on the ex-
relations with the outside world-aud for
suggestions for the Improvement of the
same.
In his reply. submitted in 1893, Jeffer-
son entered into a full discussion of the
principles which should govern our for
eign commerce. He said:
Such being the restrictions ON the commerce
and navigation of the United States, the qnes-
tion is, In what way may they be be-t removed.
modified or counteracted. As to commerce, two
methods occur: First by friendly arrangements
with the several nations with whom these
strietions exist; or, second, by the separate act
of our own legislative for counteryailing their
effects. There be doubt but that, OF these
two, friendly arrangement is the more eligible
Instead of embarrassing commerce under pies
OF regulating laws, duties, and prohibitions,
could it be relieved from all its sfackles in all
parts of the world; could every country be
ployed in producing that which nature has best
fitted it TO produce and each he free TO exchange
with Others mutual surpluses for mutual wants,
the greatest mass possible would then be pro-
duccd by those things which contribute to huma
life and human happiness, the numbers OF man.
kind would be increased and their condition bet
tered.
Should even single nation begin with the
United States this system Of free commerce, it
would be advisable TO begin ii with that nation,
since il is one by only that il can be extend
ed to all. Where the circumstances of either
party render it expedient to levy a revenue by
way of iHpost commerce, its freedom might
be modified in that particular by mutual and
equivalent measures, preserving it entire in all
others.
But should any nation, contrary to our wishes,
suppose it may better find its advantages by
continuing its system OF prohibitions. duties ard
regulations, it behooyes us TO protect our citi-
zens, their commerce and navigation. By counter
prohibitions, duties, and regulations, also. Free
! commerce and navigation not to be given in
exchange for restrictions and vexations, nor are
/ they likely to produce relaxation OF them.
The following principles, being founded in reel
| procity. appear perfectly just, and to offer no
cause of complaint to any naton
When a nation imposes high duties our
productions, or prohibits them altogether, it may
be proper for TO do the same by theirs, first
burdening or excluding those productions which
! they bring here in competition with own OF
the same kind; selecting next such manufac-
lures as we take from them in greatest quantity.
! and which. at the time, we could the
soonest furnish to ourselves or obtain from other
countries, imposing them duties lighter at
first, but heavier and heavier afterward, as other
channels of supply open. Such duties, having
the effect of indirect encouragement to domestic
manufactures of the same kind may induce the
manufacturer to come himself into these States,
] where cheaper subsistence, equal laws and the
vent Of his wares, free from duty, may insure
him the highest profits from his skill and in
| dustry.
The times., 1898-09-25
THE DEMOCRATIC FOREIGN POLICY.
JefferSon'S Rule Of Conduct.

Jefferson, in 1901. in his first inaugural
address announced the following rule of
conduct in our foreign policy: Peace,
commerce, and honest friendship with ali
nations-entangling alliances with none"
Some years later, October "a, 1929, in a
letter to President Monroe, he said:
.-our first and fundamental maxim
should be, never to entangle ourselves
in the broils of Europe. Our second.
never to suffer Europe to intermeddle
with cisatlantic affairs. America, North
and South, has set of interests distinct
from those of Europe, and peculiarly her
own She should. therefore, have a sys-
TEN of her own. separate and apart from
that of Europe. While the last is labor
ing to become the domicile of despotism,
our endeavor should be to make our hem
isphere that of freedom
Never was this advice by the fathers
of Democracy more needed than today in
view of the intense rivalry in the Orient
between the two most powerful nations
of Europe-Russia and Great Britain
both of whom are friends and customers
of the United States.
We have problems enough waiting So
luton in the Western Hemisphere with
out mixing with the quarrels of the Old
World.
The times., 1898-09-25
The Democratic Commercial Policy.

The consummation of the new trade
movement can best be attained under
the fostering care of the political party
which has ever been the advocate and
friend of a more liberal tariff. a party
which, by virtue of it's firm adherence to
conservative and constitutional methods
OF government, and its wise foreign pol
icy, inherited from Jefferson's inaugural
address, favoring t'peace. commerce and
honest friendship with all nations-en-
tangling alliances with none" will COM
mand the confidence of the business COM
munity at home, and the respect of ma
tions abroad.
More liberal trade can alone satisfy the
pressing demands of a great and prolific
nation, overiowing with products of all
kinds, hut without adequate markets.
consumers in the home market must be
supplemented by the 1,500, ,000, 900 CON-
sumers in the markets of the world.
A world power, as the United States is
now recognized, should have world
wide commerce. Chinese trade walls are
not in harmony with the spirit of the
times.
The times., 1898-09-25
DEMOCRACY DEFINED.

Democracy sentiment be appalled, corrupted
promised danger
weakness Fearless generous humane rebukes the
honor and ympathizes with the humble 1t asks
nothing but what comedies comedies nothing but what demands
dpotm it the sole conservator liberty
property of Freedom of equal rights
obligations the law of pervadng the land
The stupid the selfish and the base spirit denounce 1t as
thing the history the Democratic principle
DEVELOPED intellectual at
noble sublime sentiment which expands
circle of sympahes and eevaes the
man. claiming equality with the best rejects
worthy of dignity mmunies the humb of its
fellows ennobing principle and that spirit which
revolutionary their contest for its establish
the impending struggle for
preservaon
The times., 1898-09-25
Uniformity Of Ratio.

o to
wason
the of in
almost
OF
and a
is
o o In
islaton
in the
jumpe from rs to to3 to l.
by advocates
Suppose prohibit wheat
act afe the
Of
vau
of the
off
as pes that Of wheat corn
is o
be undon by o
The times., 1898-09-25
An Era Of Prosperity.

It does not require a prophetic vision
to see that the spirit of the times is
Enthusiastically toward international peace
and good will, and a grander and higher
civilization. The whole word is look
ing forward to the inauguration. in 1900.
of a Twentieth Century policy on these
broad and Christian lines, and to the
great American Republic to take the lead.
Nor does it require spirit of pro-
phecy to see that, when American De-
roeracy thus steps TO- the front, an era
of prosperity, such as America and the
world have never before experienced. will
shower its blessings upon our marvellous
Republic.
ALEX. D. ANDERSON.
The times., 1898-09-25
VIII.
TWENTIETH CENTURY POLICIES.
An International Era.

The close of the present century finds
the political and commercial affairs of
nations very closely interviewer. Rapid
ocean transit by steam, the construction
of ocean cables, and the lightning-l like in
terchange of news have made distant
countries next-door neighbors. At the
same time the acquisitions of territory In
Asia and Africa by the leading nations
of Europe are creating diplomatic COM
plications and changing the maps of the
world.
The United States, which has hereto
fore kept aloof from the affairs of the
Old World, has, as result of the Span
ish-American war and our victories in the
Orient and the West Indies, suddenly and
unexpectedly become world power and
is entering upon an International era.
A year ago the boards Of trade the
press and pulpit throughout the United
States were urging the ratification Of q
treaty between English-spealking nations
The times., 1898-09-25
DEMOCRATIC EXPANSION
OF TERRITORY.

When the Democratic party first came
into power in 1901. at the inauguration of
Jefferson, the total area of the United
States was but S27,s44 square miles.
Since then there has been added, under
Democratic administrations. 2.is7, ,756
square miles. or more than tWo-thirds of
the present area. exclusive of Alaska and
Hawaii.
Stated in detail the Democratic acqui-
sitions were as follows:
Square Miles.
The Louisiana purchase, by jefferson,
in 1903 ........................ se7 ,9S1
The Florida purchase, by Monroe, in 1919 59,26s
The acquisition Of the Republic Of Texas,
in lsi5. s75,es5
The final ssttienent of the Oregon dis
pute, in Polk's Administration, in 1876,
by treaty with Great Britain. n.......... 273 900
The acquisition from Mexico, in 1915. un-
der Polk's Administration. ............. 5457SS
The Gadsden purchase from Mexico, in
1853, under Pierce's Administration. :. $3.50
In marked contrast the Republican ac-
QUESTIONS of territory were as follows:
Square Miles.
The Alaska purchase, in 1867 during John
sons Administ. alton $40 900
The Hawaiian acquisition, in 1898, during
Mckinley's Administration .............. 66lo
Total ........................... $40 $40
AS may be seen by reference to the ac-
companying map, these acquisitions in
clude all of the States and Territories
west of the Mississippi River. and the
Floridas east of the river.
OF the total product of silver and gold
in the United States. from 1892 to 1896,
amounting TO s., 557, ,9S5. 76s in value, all of
the silver and SO per cent of the gold
were produced in the Democratic acqui-
sitions.
The actual wealth 6true valuation) of
the Democratic acquisitions. in real and
personal property, was, at the time of
the census of 1880, over twenty billion
dollars Cs2O. .OOO, ,oO0, ,OoO).
The times., 1898-09-25
Jefferson and the SpaniSh-American
Colonies.

In 1S16. when the American Colonies Of
spain were struggling for independence
jefferson wrote as follows to Monroe.
then Secretary Of State:
Every kindness which can be shown to
the South and Central Americans, every
friendly Office within the limits Of the
law of nations, would cheerfully extend
to them without any fear whatever Of
Spanish displeasure For this, indeed,
would only be a re-assertion of our own
independence
More recently, in 1854. the Democrats
again expressed their friendship for the
American Republics by inserting the fol-
lowing plank in their national platform:
I'VE favor an American continental
policy based upon more intimate political
and commercial relations with the hf-
teen sister republics of North, Central
and South America, but entangling aIli-
ances with none"
Again during the present year their
sympathy and friendship for colonies
struggling for independence was shown
In response to the appeals from Cuba.
They literally supported every reasonable
measure in the interest of free Cuba, the
starving Cubans and the cause Of hu-
manity.
The recent Pan-American Congress was
another movement which received their
earnest support for the bill appropriating
s.. 900 for its expenses first passed a DEM
ocratic House by a unanimous vote and
was eloquently advocated in the speeches
OF Democratic leaders.
The times., 1898-09-25
American Democracy vs.. European
MilitariSm.

First in order of Importance Is the
problem of international peace, and the
relief of the common people from the
oppressive war burdens. and debts, which
will soon make many nations bank
rupt.
In the solution of this problem, of such
vital importance to the taxpayers, lies
the magnificent mission of American de-
mocracy.
America has no use for the militarism
of Spain, under Weyler. the anti-Dreyfus
militarism of France. the costly miIitar-
ism of Russia and Germany. and the bar
barous and murderous militarism OF Tur-
key.
American democracy must then sup
The times., 1898-09-25
Monroe and the Western Hemisphere.

But still more significant than the above
mentioned measures was the declaration
of President Monroe, in 1929 known as
the Monroe doctrine. He said in mes
sage to Congress relating to the Ameri-
can republics:
s'We could not view any interpo-
sitioR for the purpose of oppressing
them, or controlling In any other
manner their destiny by any Euro
pean power, in any other Hight
than as n manifestation of an un-
friendly disposition toward the
United States.v
The Democratic foreign policy is, there
fore. well and clearly defined, not only
as regards the Western Hemisphere, but
the world at large.
The times., 1898-09-25
DEMOCRACY AND THE CONSTITUTION.

Not only is Madison recognized in his
tory as the father of the Constitution, but
the Democratic party has the proud dis
tinction of being known as the party of
the Constitution.
Ii has always been the strict adherent
and champion of that immortal docu-
ment All Democratic platforms and pol
icies are made TO conform to that organ
ic law.
It is a model and precedent which has.
during the present century. been copied
by eighteen other American Republics,
and will soon be by other nations. not
only in America, but in Europe, Asia and
Africa
France and Switzerland are already re-
publics. In other European nations the
tendency is in the same direction. So
powerful has become Democratic infiu-
ence that ex-Premier Crispi, of Italy. re-
Gently said in an interview: Great dan
ger is threatened the principles and insti-
tutions of the Latin peoples. De Tocque-
ville's prophecy will soon be fulfilled, and.
for veal or for woe. American democratic
principles will have revolutionized Eu-
rope"
In Africa there are already three re-
publics, the Orange Free State. Liberia
and the South African Republic.
Even in China there is a formidable
movement in favor of constitutional gov
ernment. The London Mail recently de-
scribed it in long article. beginning as
follows: For fully generation the
present rising in China has been brewing;
and the object is to erase the present sys-
tenn of government and substitute for 1t
q constitution modelled somewhat upon
the lines of that OF the United States of
America"
In brief, throughout the civilized world
the works of Jefferson and Madison are
bearing fruit, and Democratic and con-
stitutional governments will soon be in
the majority.
The times., 1898-09-25
DEMOCRACY'S CENTENARY
Continued from First Page.)

ship. patriotism. spirit. and style, in har-
mony with the maxims of that other
great state paper previously written by
Jefferson-the Declaration of Independ-
ence-and at the next national conven-
ticn, in 1890. to nominate the Democ-
racy's centennial candidate for the Pres
idency. it should be re-adopted as the
most appropriate commemoration of the
occasion. and as the best and safest po-
ntical guide for the future.
The times., 1898-09-25
The Republican Chinese Wall.

The growing popular demand for new
trade fields for surplus products and
manufactures. and our sudden and mar
velous development into a world power.
as result of the war with Spain. is rap
The times., 1898-09-25
Fooling the People.


experiments simply
The times., 1898-09-25
THE DECLARATION
OF INDEPENDENCE.

In By the Representatives OF the United
States Congress Assennb
When in the human
dissolve the political which
which
mpeI them
to be selrevidentrh all men are created eoua that
among
rights
governments are instituted among men, deriving their
tive of these
% new laying its foundation such principles
all
long and pursuing invariably
their right is their
guards their future
colonies
systems OF government The history of the present King of Great Britain his
all
mite to acanddw a
necessary
pass
pressing Importance unless suspended in their operation till his should be
obtained:
He
pie unless those people would renqsh
laua
together
He representative repeatedly
He
long time after such dssions to cause others to be elected;
has
ing the laws for naturalization foreigners refusing to pass others encourage
for judiciary powers He has made judges dependent his VIII alone
0
people and their
a
ectng trial they
houdeo
al
in
English laws IN neshns province nen an arbitrary govern
and
aboHshs valuable laws and altering fun
destroyed the lives people He this
of
of
friends and brethren or to fall hese their hands He has excited do
undisnguished o al
In
humble terms; our repeated petitions nave been answered only % repeated IN
jury
tyrant is unfit to be o a feep
emigration and settlement here We have appealed " their native justice
and
nankindenemies
of authority
political
of with a
The times., 1898-09-25
THE SILVER QUESTION.
The Peoples Money.

most
by the 5 o
wasco a n
in
God
S
individual synd
cate or
in
The times., 1898-09-25


wa over rec tmesth o
of canno be in
The times., 1898-09-25
Production Of Silver and Gold.

o
tai Of to
oIows
o of gold
in
recent ofi report 0 the parm
......
d
Oh of silver and percen of
During pasG practically include
... ....
..........
+ Or cent of silver and per of gold
products
value:
Or perce liver and6 perc o
the
three
r " 81
49,
The times., 1898-09-25
OUR FOREIGN COMMERCE
OF THE SECOND CENTURY
New Foreign Markets.

The opening and development of new
of farm, factory, forest, fisheries, and
mines is matter of transcendent prac-
teal Importance to the people of this
country. as may be seen by glance at
the value of our annual products. During
the last census year the total products of
the United States were as follows:
Manufactures 1882, 100000
Farm Products. Observation-Disclosures. 2460, coo 900
Lumber products 5S7 COO, 900
Mineral products. NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. 5SI ,0C0001
Fishery products. $1,000, 900
Total ..........................S .Sl3 051 900 900
Those. of course. are much more than
sufficient for home use and require freer
access to the markets of the world
The question then arises. where are the
trade fields for our future commerce? AT
present our foreign markets, as shown by
the exports from the United States dur
ing the year ending June 80, 1898. are as
follows:
s''r7'
East=
To Europe. 1913 699, ,2S9. or 1907 per cent
To Africa. .......... 1851, 1852, or 14l per cent
North:
To British America. s4911, ,266, or 6.ss per cent
South:
To West Indies...... g. fs9. .5l2 or 2.14 per cent
To Mexico............ 2l,2O5,2S or LIZ pr cent
To Central America. 5,S75,3S7 or Al per cent
To South America. 80, ,s2I. .97I or 2.74 per cent
West: te4tti
To Asia. 44.s24, ,26s S.64 per cent
To oceanica. 2l,99l, ,3s1, or LIS psr cent
1t requires but glance at the above
table of figures to find the weak spots in
our foreign commerce They are the
neglected markets south and west of the
United States.
To Mexico, the West Indies, the five
Central American republics, and the ten
republics of South America-countries the
reverse and complement of the United
States In climate, resources, products,
supply. and demand. and, therefore, most
q
send but per cent of our annual exports.
To Asia, which contains eight hundred
and fifty millions (S5O.OOO .OOO consumers.
or more than half those of the whole
world, we send less than per cent Of
our annual exports.
The construction of the Nicaragua ship
canal will bring that all-important mar
ket within easy reach of our Atlantic and
| Gulf seaports. 1t will shorten the dis
tance between New York and the sea-
ports of China, Japan. and the Philip
| pines nearly 10000 statute miles each way,
a saving of nearly 10000 miles on the
round trip.
| 1t will be discredit 10 American enter
prise If the proposed waterway between
the two great oceans is not opened at
the earliest possible moment.
The times., 1898-09-25
No Flood Of Silver.

there Is
a
Per