The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1898-03-22
washington Post.)

Spain cannot put down the rebellion
and will not grant independence. The
Cubans cannot eXpel the Spaniards and
will not yield to them. Therefore it is
argued, the United States must intel
yene.
Spain is an independent State. Law
renee in his "Principles Of Information.
III Law" the latest authoritative work
on the subject in the English language,
and one that is constantly consulted
these days by the Department of State,
defines independence as the right OF a
state to manage all of it's affairs, wheth-
CT external or internal, without intel
ference from other states, as long as it
respects the corresponding right possess
ed by each fully-sovereign member of
the family of nations"
While this is true as a principle, 1t
happens sometimes that another STATE
or group of states interferes with the
proceedings of an independent state ito
compel it to do something which, if it
is left to itself, it would not do, or re
frain from dUing something which, il
left to itself, it would do" This usual
ly happens when such state rs engaged
in an internal turmoil or an external
conflict. Lawrence says 'Interference
of this kind is called intervention"
Lawrence continues: The essence OF
intervention Is force or the threat OF
force in case the dictates Of the inter-
vrying power are disregarded.'
OTHER FORMS OF INTERVIEW
TION.
Other forms of Intervention are "ad
vice rendered by a friendly state with
out any idea of compulsion: media
ton by Il third party at the request of
the disputing parties, but without any
promise on their part to accept the
terms proposed or any intention on
It's part to force them to do SO, and
arbitration when the cotestants refer
arbitration" when the contestants re-
fer the dispute by agreement to an H.
dependant tribunal and consent before
hand to abide by its award, though sucn
tribunal possesses no power to compel
obedience to its DECISIONS.
Intervention requires the presence OF
force. open or concealed, and the alb
sencc Of consent on the part of at least
one of the cOmbatantS, for there may
be intervention at the request of one of
them.
The general policy Of the United States
is non-intcryention. Yet. like all gem
eral rules. it is subject to exceptions,
The most notable of these exceptions
was when France. under Napoleon III,
~ loINt vi LII IliClIItth W SCI u' ~
monarchical form of government, undo.
Maximillian, against the wishes of THE,
Mexican people. The United States in
terfcred. compelling, by threat of force,
the French emperor to withdraw his
troops from Mexico, the result being the
downfall and death of MaXimilian. and
the rehabilitation Of the Mexican rcpub-
lie on more secure foundations than cv-
er, This was a true instance of inter
80, -, a. n,J WINS ~ c,In,lI1 xi,Iiao
ton of the Monroe doctrine. This doc
trinc does not. however. apply to the
Cuban situation. The United States
must therefore find some other grounds
upon which to justify its intervention
in Spanish-Cuban affairs.
GROUNDS ON WHICH TO INTER-
The grounds upon which the United
States will inter, enc are three
j. Humanity.
>. The interest Of its own citizens.
). The protection of its own citizens
from a threatening danger.
None of these grounds fall within the
rules laid down by Lawrence as max
Ing Intervention legal. These are ()
ito ward off imminent danger to the
intervening power (b) lin pursuance
of Il right 10 intervene given by Il trea-
ty.| to- Ito prevent or terminate the
Illegal intervention of another state
The second of these rules gives more
technical Justification to intervention.
The third gives little more than techni-
cal Justification. The first, however.
gives perfect legal justification. for when
Il state interveneS to preserve itself
from some grave and imminent danger.
direct and immediate in character and
sufficiently important in itself to jus
tify the expenditure of life and treas
urc, it.; action is clearly beyond the
scope of criticism.
Although destitute of technical legality
under the ordinary rules Of internation-
nj law as at present written. the first
Of the grounds upon which the United
State will intervene in Cuba is one that
appeals to the moral sentiment of man
kind. and which, under exceptionable
circumstances is morally. though net e
galIy. Unsuitable. The power VII 81 in
t"rvencs on this ground must undertake.
such Intervention with q single eye &c
the object in view and without Interior
considerations of self-interes- and nab
ti"n if it is 10 be JUSTIFIED at the bar Of
nations.
1t must he kept in mind that interna-
ii'llal law does not lay down the prIIl-
rIpIeN that cruelty on the part of gov
eminent renders it liable to be deprived
OF its freedom of action. nor does it I'M
pose upon States the obligations of pre-
venting either ordinary barbarity on the
part Of its neighbors or that special
Kind of inhumanity which takes the
form Of religious prosecutions,
Lawrence says: An Intervention to
put a stop to barbarOuS and abOmlnablc
cruelty is a high act of policy above
and beyond the domain of law 1t is
destitute Of technical legality, but it
may be morally right and even praise
worthy TO ii high degree"
EACH CASE - BE JUDGED On
IT'S MERITS.
Lawrence is careful to lay down the
general rule with reference to all inter
Y"ntIonS that each case must he Judged
on its own merits,' He is careful TO ex-