The Portland daily press., 1898-02-05


it would be most wonderful exhibit for
any state to make; for the GOLD fact re-
mains that only four animals tested Tor
Brighton have been reported to our COM
mission by all the veterinarians IN tnls
state during 1897. We are very Tree TO
say, however, with ell the 1acts anu IN
formation from reliable sources In our
possession, that If the larger NUMBER Oh
cattle had been coming into Maine, IN
stead of going out of it, but very lew OF
them would have been admitted.
Our board is under many Obligations TO
the Maine Central, Boston q Maine,
Rochester and Grand Trunk railroads,
who have all come to the support OF our
quarantine regulations, so that as oc-
casioually happens some owner may by
Ignorance or design, seek to evade our
quarantine, such consignments are
promptly side tracked at Westbrook > unc.
ton until released by some member OF
our board.
DISEASES DISCUSSED.
1t will be noticed that in a large major
ity of inspections made during the past
year, cases either of tuberculosis or CLAN
ders were discovered, the exceptions
being almost invariably, emphysema
among cattle and chronic catarrh among
horses. Enpuy etjllOAS CdUblO diSO
seems to be on the increase in this state,
and largo majority of the herds visited
the past year have disclosed such cases
which are entirely snon-contagious. This
condition of emphysema, which is analo-
Qeous to "heaves in horses" has been
found to exist in large number of cases
where tubel culosis was suspected. Any
considerable pressure or violent concus-
sion Of the lung may produce a laceration
of that viscus and give occasion to the in
filtration of air into the areolar texture,
called "interlobular pulmonary empny-
soma,' or we may have excessive ollaelon
Of the air cells, some OF whlon ul1imately
break and give rise to irregular veslcles
at the surface Of the lung, known as
"vesicular emphysema." The inspiratory
efforts are increased and somewhat sup
pressed, while the expiration, when is
more frequently audible, is prolonged,
laborious and wheeling. These symp-
toms, together with the accompanying
cough, often confuse an owner, ana your
commissioners believe that much OF TINS
trouble is caused by overlooking bulky
and innutritious food, causing extreme
pressure of..theflungs and bits consequent
results.
In several instances this season and last
the commissioners have also been sum.
moned long distances to inspect cases OF
reported CHAMBERS where there proved 20
ha no reasonable excuse for such report,
and for the guidance ana instruction OF
persons having suspicious cases, we will
| briefly give such characteristics and symp-
toms of the disease as should enable those
not acquainted with this dangerous NAL
ady in horses to diagnose it correctly. LII
may be at once stated that the deslgna-
ton "glanders and farcy" are employed
to distinguish two forms of one disease;
or in other words, that they are two
diseases essentially identical, however dis
similar their external manifestations.
They are characterized externally by Ger
tain alterations in the skin and the
mucous membranes of the respiratory
passages of the head, consisting chiefly OF
alterations, and the formation OF speclai
kind of purulent matter, and 1nduratlon
of the glands. These two forms OF the
affection may be observed in the same
animal singly or simultaneously, and the
contagion Of CHAMBERS may produce farcy
by transmission from a diseased to a
healthy animal, as farcy may produce
CHAMBERS The fact that this contagious
malady, while peculiar, to horses may also
be transmitted to mankind, renders 1T
constant menace to every man, woman
and child in the community.
Chambers and farcy is malignant and
fatal disease, that finds its origin IN
contagious principle, a special m1oro-or-
ganism, and is transmissible to all DO
mestic animals except to CATTLE Sneep
are especially SUSCEPTIBLE to Infection.
In man the most common mode OF It's
propagation is incubation, by the virus
gaining access to the blood by coming IN
contact with an abrasion OF the skin, OF
wound Of the mucous membrane, and
being absorbed into the system, but the
bacilli do not appear able to penetrate
through the uninjured skin or mucosa.
| The period Of incubation by incubation
| is from three to five days. Acute chambers
may terminate in two weeks, while the
chronic form may continue for years and
the horse be apparently as we'll able to
work .ors drive as ever, with no apparent
derangement of health or condition.
It ID an unquestionable fact that CLAN
dered mares haves given birth to colts with
the disease, that il, that the baoilli can
pass from mother to foetus, and past ex-
nerience has demonstrated the uselessness
of all medical treatment to cure or pre.
vent the disease. According to duration,
CHAMBERS may be spoken OF as acute OF
chronic, the latter is the common, acute
| the rarer form.
| There are three characteristic local
| symptoms of chroi.ic CHAMBERS: 1st, the
nasal discharge, generally from the left
| nostriD; ID, enlargement Of the sub
maxillary lymphatio gland, and Sd,
liberation of the pituitary membrane.
The character of the discharge is knote-
worthy, and has long been looked upon
as characteristic of the disease. The dis,
charge usually comes from the nostrll 10
which the ulcers are situated; if it IL
from both nostrils, then liberation will
| be found in each OF them. Unlike the
discharge of acute or chronic catarrh
which may be at first transparent, and
later opaque and viscid, flowing slowly,
OF snorted out in Jumps, it is glutinous
and adheres to the skin and hair around
the nostrils, forming soft. greasy feeling
crusts of..a deep brown color. which ad-
here to the fingers when touched. 1t
afterwards becomes purulent and as
sumes peculiarsgreenish tint, sometimes
rusty OF streaked with blood; as rule
| there Is no odor from the discharge, al
though in old chronic cases it. may become
very fetid
Ihe alteration of the submaxillary
gland (underA the jaw is inseparable. from
| the chancrous ulcers in the nose. One or
| both glands may be affected, according as
ono or both nostrilS discharge and have