New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-05-29

this last venture Olzewski was not successful
1t had been argued that as hclium was heavier
than hydrcgen II would liquefy at higher
temperature But for some reason the Pole
failed to change its condition. although he had
lipuefed hydrogen. He thereupOn concluded.
enormously it would seem, that the boiling point
of hclum was minus pa. only degrees
above absolute zero"
During the last two three years much has
been heard of q process employed by Iinde In
Germany IIampson in England and Tripler
in this city In its essential feature. II Is like
Caictets method. gas. at first subjected to
enormous pressure. Ii liberatcd-or part OF II
!s-and the expansion OF this portion cools the
rest OF it enough to the latter ir to liquid.
DEwARs AIR ICICI.Es
Professor Dewar not only lique'ed air. but he
made icices. four years ago There has been
some question to the originality OF his meth
DDS and as to his having anticipated Olzewsk.
This much is certain. though. He made largo
number OF tests with liquid air and liquid
oxygen. to ascertain what charges OF color.
magnetic properties and other qualities were
experienced by a great variety Of substances at
very low temperatures Moreover. it was he
who hit upon the idea of making double
walled globular vessel. with vacuum between
the walls, FOR conveying these liquids Such an
arrangement stops the absorption Of heat from
the outside. and thus preserves the fluid long
time.
The apparatus that Professor Dcwar used be-
fore the Royal Society a fortnight or 50 ago
was Invented in 1895. but was not quite perfect
at that time. BY means that are not specified.
but which were doubtless the evaporation OF
liquid air. he brought down the temperature OF
his hydrogen 10 minus 2Cj centigrade. The n.y.
drogen under pressure OF 2,ID POUNDS
to the inch From tiny nozzle jet or this
cold and compressed gas was permitted 10 IS
sue BY the sudden expansion Of part OF MS
hydrogen. the rest OF 1t liluefcd and
drippcd into 4 wineglass. The glass was filed
in FIVE minutes The merit Of his system is that
il enables him to do the work more quickly ana
cheaply than it has been done hitherto
The distinguished Englishman. after produce
ing liquid hydrogen. dipped into the fluid
sealed tube containing helium. The latter was
seen 10 liquefy within thus demonstrating that
its boiling point is no lower and may be higher
than that Of hydrogen. Inasmuch as Dewars
ii1uid hydrogen cvaporated In the open air at
atrnosphcric pressure he did not on this oc-
casion develop 4 lower temperature than minus
oi3 or 2ii But had he confined IT IN vessel
and suddenly produced a vacuum for II 10 ex-
pand in he might have gone down 10 or ~ DC
.6es further.
One u the many questions that SCIENTISTS
Lave attempted to solve with the new instru-
men, thus placed within their grasp Is the et-
l.ct Of the cold Of ntersteilar space on 'hs
spcctra Of distant celestial objects. Ike neouln'
schciner recently examined the spectrum OF NY
crogen gas. almost the onfy element that /"
clearly revealed in ncbulG. while the gas WEN
confined in a tube which was cooled TO minus
200 centigrade. He found that such degree
Of cold did not alter the appearance or the ch'et
nebular lines