davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
NAY TRAP GENERAL STONE.
WISCONSIN TROOPS SAID TO BE BETWEEN
TWO FORCES OF THE ENEMY.

WISCONSIN TROOPS SAID TO BE BETWEEN
TWO FORCES OF THE ENEMY.
Ponce, Porto Rico, Aug. 2. via st. Thomas
Aug 8-General Roy stone. while reconnoitring
northward along the road leading to Arecioo'
on the north coast. with a company OF the
"a Wisconsin Regiment, encountered opposition
at Utuado. where a small force OF spanish
REGULARS and volunteers had been Instructed by
Captain General Macias to resist 70 the bitter
end. The spaniards refused to surrender. and
General Stone telephoned back to Ad)untas
that he would push on. aided by force OF
natives armed with machetes
Before the messengers left AdjIntas where
twelve men had neen left. Spanish force was
reported to &C between General stone AND Al
1untas pocks..d on the trail between Adjuntas
and IJtuadc. ir the heart Of the mountains. AS
the troops have to move In single ME- ten men
can stop regiment
General Stones messengers rode all night
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
WANT NEW MARKETS OPENED.

Chicago. Aug. A move was MADE To-Day ~
include In the peace treaty with Spain proV'-
sions for opening new markets for the products
Of American Industry The following telegram
was sent tonight to President Mckinley:
To the President Washington:
The following preamble and resolutions, ,, weIs
nassed at meeting Of the directors OF the lhi"''
Ne nufacturers Association In this CITY to-uay,;
Whereas Negotiations for peace ere now penuiu,'
between this country and Spain. IN when heRot,t,-
ticns the President OF the United states mas ou'-
Tired his demands; and -, oo,,a.io,s
Whereas 1t is believed that such negouaulVit's
will result In the appointment Of coninlssi ~
both countries for the purpose or cohciuui"s Z"
treaty Of peace; and. .. 60 tho MANN
foct,,rcrs of this country. and conse quentiy %.
equal Importance TO all Of is neople. "a. .s.
markets OF the world be open to its nanulactur'r''
now therefore. te II r,sst,, an
Resolved Without in any way expressing ar, an
oninion mon the question 81 acquisition ot Snan-
ish territory by this country. that u is me ,be
United states he and he IL hereby. respscti'tly ~
renuestcd 10 instruct those having il cnriSr ~ -
ihis country the conclusion of sucn uea'r rr r
neace 10 exact that tie ports Of all Snanlsl ,
tory in the Pacific Ocean he opened upon ~ n.y
liberal terms TO all products OF Amer an ''""'''
be il further -, ,h,, Assoclotion
send COPY of these resolutions 10 f'eS'''"'
Mchin'oy w y CONKEY. president.
NJ GLENN secretary.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
A LOGGING CAMP.
From Lipp.ncott's Magazine.


The summer logging camp ordinarily is not a
picturesque place 1t Is built beside the raIlroad
hand or by 'dray," and whatever beauty 1t has Is
gained from it's environment OF heavy forest. The
various buildings. or 'shanties. as they are az
ways called. are clustered In compact little vi
iage Nearest the railroad-it Issy he's the
cooks shan,y: next H. perhaps. is the "mens
shanty,' sleeping quarters OF the crew: near
them. again, Is the once where Ire camp accounts
are kept and where the foreman ard scaler sleep
The barn or bowel r. nj the end Of the camp
with the granary beside It. The blacksmith's shop
and the workbench of the handy man are near
by. TIC root cellar" which IL both PANTRY and
cold storage room. is brt where the cook and his
assistants have ready access to II.
The cooks shanty is the dining ! onm we'll
Kitchen while lbe Office Is also storehouse from
which the timber Jacks obtain tobacco and
such principal articles OF clothing they may need
All the chief buildings Are long and low. made Of
rough boards logs, and rooted with slceting and
lar paper The sleeping hunks In the mems ihan,y
nre hui, along the sides NJ the cabin in tier two
deep: tails shany is tho cgeers' rendezvous cold
evenings and IN il the smell OF strong tobacco
smoke Constantly fingers. Such is summer log
aing camp, and. rough and crude as u may SEEM
r q M rad home for men toughened by hard out
door labor.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05

THE BOYS REGARD THESE PRESENTS FROM KAN
sAs WOMEN AS A RARE JOKE
From The Kansas City Journal.

From The Kansas City Journal.
There has been so much newspaper joking about
the stuff sent 70 the soldier boys by the good
women in Kansas that people are loath TO believe
all thu stories about the sending OF nighshirs and
napkins and tides and sheets and things Of that
sort.
In this connection we note a letter from Captain
Clark OF the Lawrence company at San Francisco
IN which ne acknowledges the receipt Of a big box
Of nghtshirts and patamas and other things which
the ca plain says II have nailed the box up again.
as the clothing ETC. will be greatly appreciated at
Manila but here the weather is 80 very cold that
flannel undershirts. blue flannel shirts and heavy
And In this connection. too. we quote the follow
ing letter from ng-headed lieutenant with tho
10Th Kansas who bids the Kansas ladies TO be OF
good cheer Let the Kansas girls know that their
nightshirts and pajames are appreciated. even y
we cannot wear them for the purposes for which
get TO Manila these garments will come in mighty
handy for an everyday dress. ! have seen some
pictures OF Manila women who seem TO be wearing
q mother hubbard somewhat like three ! have IN
nv chest and reckon mother hubbarcs are Just
about suited to the Manila climate Wouldn't the
Old 10th carry terror to the Spanish 1t charged up
from Cavte with every mothers son dressed In
And In Conclusion We extract from letter sent
from San Francisco by soldier boy to his mother
in Topeka. as follows, Il want TO tell you ABOUT
q funny thing that happened TO my chum. A
yiri or his sister somebody sent him night
GOWN and OF course he thought ne had to wear H.
The first night he put II on in the tent the boys
gave him a hot time. They marched him up ana
down the company street and introduced him To-
weak lungs and nervous mind. but who was COM
Ing out all right by careful nursng' They mace so
much fun Of him that he almost cried; ana you
bet he won't wear any more nghtgowns."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
TIE CANYONS OF TIE COLORADO.
From IIarpcr's


The secret OF the great denudatlon and of this
wonderful achievement Of the Colorado In carving
out of rock series of canyons about 1ve hundred
miles long. and In one place AZ eas; more than "A
mile deep. with q multitude Of tributary chasms
and gorges. "a very simple when you know Il. The
old lake bed slowly rose. A. first the Colorado
River and ts tributaries or some namelcss mon
strous ancestor OF these. sweeping over the slowly
rising surfaces planned them down in most relen,-
Less fashion and then began wearing our broad
shallow streain-beds But then the country
more rapidly. ard the water had to cut deeper
channels IN the rocks In order to get out and away
to sea. Owirs In part to the wear of the water
Itself, but more 20 tn" ccaseets bon bardment OF
the suspended sand which 1t bore from the mp
country or picked UP az II went along and TO the
thump Of pebbles and powders which II swept on
IN 1oodtmc the river kept cutting down as the
strata rose. until finally. when what was left ~ our
inland sca-bottom got thrust up that, towering
Tar above rs erstwhile rocky shores It had 10 be
called plateau the Colorado nd rs auxiliaries
found themselves at the bottom ~ series OF coos-
sal canyons and gofges, where they are to-day.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
ENG4GENENT AT MANZANILLO.
TEN SPANISH SHIPS BURNED. SUNK OR
DESTROYED

DESTROYED.
Washington, Aug 1.-The Navy Department
has received full reports Of the naval opera
lions against Manzanillo on July IL. they snow
that much moro damage was done than Is gem
orally understood The reports specify no less
than ten Spanish vessels burned sunk or de-
stroyed The list. as given. Is as follows: Gun
vessels Maria Ponton, Delgado Perado. jose
Garcia and Cuba Espanola, burned; transports
Gloria and Merchant and steamer Purssima
Concepcione. sunk. and Estrea Guantanamo,
Guardicn and Sentinel Delgadc. destroyed.
The American ships engaged in this operation
were the Wilmington. the Helena. the Scorpion.
the Hist the Hornet the Wampatuck and the
Osceola, with Comm .ndcr C. C. Todd OF the
Wilmington in command. The reports show
that no damage was done to the American ships.
and there were no casualties. The engagement
lasted from 100 to 1890 a. m. The Spanish
gun vessels destroyed were mostly small ships.
The Purissima Concepcione was blockade
runner that the Navy had been after for long
m
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
ARMY COMMANDERS PROTEST.
Continued from nrst page.

"Rrlgadier- General Volunteers. commanding
First Brigade, Second Division.
"ADELBERT AMES.
"Brlgadicr- General Volunteers. commanding
Third Brigade. First Division.
LEONARD WOOD.
"Brigadier- General Volunteers. commanding
the City Of Santiago.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT,
Colonel commanding Second Cavalry DIT
gade'
Major NJ. w Wood the chief surgeon OF the
First Division. said
The Army must be moved North: addihs
with emphasis. "or It will be unable to move
itself"
General Ames has sent the following caoie
message to Washington:
Charles II. Allen Assistant Secretary OF the
Navy:
This Army is Incapable. because OF sickness
OF marching anywhere except 10 the transports
II It is ever to return to the United states IL
must do so at once"
To a correspondent Of The Associated Press
General Amcs said:
III | had the power I would put the men
on the transports az once and ship them Nor'h
without further orders | am confident such
action would ultimately be approved fuh
list Of the sick would mean copy OF the
roster Of every company here
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
URECKING FLEET OFF FOR CUBA TO-DAl.

APPARATUS TO RE SENT TO CuPA TO SAVE
srNKEN SPANISH SHIPS.
The Merritt Chapman wrecknS tug William IL
CHAPMAN and the Central Railroad OF New-Jersey
ocean going tug Plymouth, which has been char
tered by the wrecking company. are at the staple
ton pier Of the wrecking company. awaiting the ar
rival of the pontoons from Boston, which arc TO
he used in saving the ships OF the Spanish fleet
sunk off Santiago July 3. The pontoons arrived
In the harbor by way Of He'll Gate yesterday, and
the feet will start this morning AS IL leaves
here the fleet will consist OF the Chapman, lne
plymouth. the two pontoons and the barge Fred
e Sharp The latter is loaded Win dlNihS ana
wreckins APPARATUS. The stuff taken down will be
about the same was taken when the effort was
made 10 save the Maine Much OF tho apparatus
has remained on the Sharp since II was loaded on
her last spring prior to her starting Tor Havana ana
Some Of il was used In raising what vas saved iio
the Maine At Norfolk the tugs VIII coal and VIII
pick UP the two Dig pontoons there
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
CAMP BLACK STORM SOAKED.
LIGHTNING, THUNDER WIND AND A SMALL
DELUGE VISITED THE SOLDIERS EARLY
YESTERDAY MORNING

YESTERDAY MORNi->V'
The soldiers Of the regiments and batteries now
at Camp Black had experience on Nednesoay
night that gave them sample OF what the FIRST
call soldiers endured In the cod. bleak days "he.i
they were ercamped on the honey. barren, ram
soaked plains Of Hampstead. Rain came down In
torrents and the soldiers. to ave their tents had
to :urn ont and tighten the roSes and sndeav"r %
keep q grip on the ground but Joodly portion OF
their efforts was unavailing
fr one way the men who are now here had an ad-
vantage over the hrst-call men. When the icrmer
had TO :urn out to tighten tent ropes and drive the
pegs harder into the ground. 1t was In the race O.
cold and biting rains and winds that threatened 10
bring snow. on Wednesday night many OF the men
turned out without clot 1ng account OF the heat
About II o'clock flashes of vivid lightning were
seen TO the westward, and for two hours the sky
was illuminated In every direction. Long before
the rain came IL seemed as II the heavens were on
fire I'm all directions and the flashes of lightning
were almost continuous The threats so long con-
tlnued gave the officers a chance 10 get the men
out and a general move made to get things in
shape for the storm. The men worked well and
hard but when the storm broke at last tents were
fattcned down had one side pulled out ana
whipped into the air. allowing the rain to beat into
In explaining the small oceans which dotted the
camp yesterday morning one of the men said Il dd
but. lust AS they appeared. they had been lifted up
somewhere else ard carried over the camp and
seem to fall in drops. but In streams ..,,.o,
A little after ? O'Clock the guard tent collapsed
and settled it's wet folds down upon the guards
inside and there was some lively wrggling through
the mud TO get from under the sufocating canvas
Ts sn sered LIKE wa M
yesterday morning. and the men were dismal
' Tho 'V day Ws' spent H IN
into shape again. and by last evening there re-
aIaep pool p Of mud here and there The hot
Gbky d dTed 10 n ard p by scea Gn good
OF 81 wa. fit to put on
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
Transports SAIL FOR NEWPORT NEWS.

ro CARRY GENERAL GRANTS BRIGADE-THE
CRUISER YALE TURNED OVER TO THE ARMY
Two ~ the transports for the Porto Rican expe-
6i,ion sailed Yesterday for Newport News. where
they will take on General Grants brigade Inc
transports were the Leona and the Rio Grande both
vessels had been rehtted and thoroughly disn-
fected prior to leaving this port the Cohcho
which will also Join this expedition. Is now AT her
pier In the East. River, where sne If peins le
paIred and refitted. She will not be ready Tor sew
eral days. . iii ,.,,.,
The Alamo. another OF the transports VIII leave
this morning for Newport News inc auSlaL!
Army as a transport. expected to sail yesterday
hut owing to the fact that all her supplies were
NOT placed aboard of her she will not get away
until some time to-day She also VIII proceed 10
Porto Rico II is possible that on her return trip
she will stop at Santiago and there take on noard
a number of the soldiers who have been ordered
North
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
FROM THE CHICKAMAJGA CAMP.
COLONEL GREEN ANNOUNCES THE NEW OFF,
GERS OF THE NINTH NETWORK


Chattanooga. Tenn. Aug. (speciaD.-The great
est surprise was sprung on the 9TH New oFN nes,
ment to-day when Colonel Green announced MS
officers 10 succeed those who resigned recently NO
ma Tor was named to succeed Major Lorigan. ana
none will be named. says Colonel Green Lieu
tenant-Colonel Rand will command the 50 ba'tai-
ion as Is the custom In the Regular Army. Acting
Adjutant Miller Is promoted to be first lieutenant
and assigned to Company l.. He VIII start ioi
New-York City on visit tonight.
The following Is a list OF the assignments ana
promotions:
Second Lieutenant David II. Miller, promoted to
be first lieutenant! assigned 70 c9mpa T promoted
to be captain and ordnance officer - c.,o,,
Second Lieutenant james NJ; O,Donsl Company
Second Lieutenant Frank H. Peck: former ac,ns
adutant promoted to be captain Of C0mPs anpany
NJ promoted be irst lieutenant q Company ny drst
Gspan dcs II n ada at FS
First Lieutenant Farquharson iith New orh' u
Second Lieutenant Michael ]. Mahoney. Company
A. promoted to be arst Of d
to be second l!eu,enant Of Company :; u
First Sergeant William II. Smith, company H.
CORPORAL Charles f. Judson. Company, Z, pro-
NOTED to be second lieutenant Company E; ~.
h than to to move
HamDshire Colonel Rofe; lSt w est Nolo
mel Spillman; lst Arkansas, Colonel Chanoer' oId
Iowa Colonel Humphrey. go W..
All Of these regiments, except the list west VT
g.na are In General Wades Third Army Corps Inc
West Virginia regiment Is taken from the second ono
Division OF the First Corps. These regiments VIII
be on detached service IN Porto Rc9 ana after
their return TO the United States Will be again
assigned to their respective &c ssTp' had been set
mp the present time no transportation aacties
a sesP 1mss at Atw6 af Ssw 'sS
Major Reed. an Army surgeon. and Major HOP
kils assistant adjutant- general went over camp
Thomas to-day ,our OF Inspection; AFTER whlch
they will report on It's sanitary condition.
There are now AT the Park thirty reg Iments IS, OF
Infantry After General Wade's PROVISIONAL regl-
ments go away there will be left at Camp Thomas
only about 1900 men. where month ago there
the odd Fellows of Chattanooga Will have a
hospital in the city the order OF the Pythian
Hospital II will be conducted In conjunction with
the Red Cross and without expense 10 the
God Fellows. A committee OF one from each OF
the local lodges has been appointed with power TO
act to confer with the Red Cross people and sec
what is required of the lodges building Will be
rented In the city and Red Cross nurses Will at
tend to the details of caring for the sick soldiers
In camp who may apply for admission to the
hospital.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
DESCRIPTION OF ARROYO.

Til. seaport OF Arroyo is situated in the south
cas-, mart OF the judicial district Of Guyana,
Eve miles from Guayama and ifty-four and
half from San Juan. 1t was founded in 1850,
and contains about twelve hundred inhabitants
enough its Jurisdiction extends over 5644
Its trade with the United States consists. Tor
the most part. OF sugar, from seven thousand TO
ten thousand hogsheads being exported annu-
ally Molasses and bay rum are the only otner
articles which are dealt in to large extent Inc
towns industry has caused postof1ice to he es-
tablished. -,
A fine harbor. wooden houses surrounded ny
rar6ens and n small but handsome church
make the town one OF the prcttiest in Porto
Rico. - .. -.
In the Suniidero ward are the three caves o!
Acuas Buenas which run for a distance OK
more than four hundred yards under the
Caguitas River.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
ENGINEERS AGAIN DEBATED.
NOW PLANNING TO SAIL ON suSDAY-LEAvE /
CAMP TO MORROW.

NOW PLANNING TO SAIL ON sUSDAY-LEAVE
CAMP TO MORROW.
Camp Townsend, Peekskil. Aug (Specia0-
Word has been received In the camp OF engineers
that the day OF departure has again been deferred.
this time TO Saturday. No change was made in tho
manner OF going. but It was understood the regi-
ment would board the transport some tine satur-
day night and sail Sunday morning. Preparations
we're being made TO leave tomorrow when this
order came Travel rations for ten days we're
drawn from the commissary stores, such baggage
n. coujd be packed UP was being gathered together
and the mess tents had been taken down and the
tables Grated up for shipping. II was rather dis
snnoiu,nr news 10 hear that there was stu! an
oiber dny al Camp TOWNSEND ana some OF tne
men we're afraid an armstice misnt De ueciareu
nr sornethins else happen before they got away
urh,oh would ,,etaln them here all summer. A.,
rhc guards nave been greatly stfens ineheo 'ne
last fen Gays as "a good many men are oCs o
is n guard OF sixteen. At the Roa HOOK s'd,.on
tAe@. is another guard, and the camp posts nave
tsen Increased IN number AS tie de'n4uents coI's
In they are promptly arrested and taken 10 me
euard tents There are quite number IN con ,,.
,nnnt now and they come In handy Tor the po1clnK
Of camp and the general cleaning u? preparatory
10 eyacuatjng the State property -, 49, ,.s,n
The checker tournament held al the iouht zen
ChistIan Association tent has been deciosi "u 'ne
prize a set OF checkers and checker Do5fn suss
TO Private Haeeen, OF Company H. lie VIII se' MS
The o oiicsr OF the day detailed for tomorrow is
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
GORHAM
SILVERSWITHS
''A''@ f5@ "~'+
STERLING
Broadway & 10Th St.
q Maiden Lane
COL. ROOSEVELT REBUKED.
REPEOVED FOR SAYING THE ROUGH RlDEho
ARE THREE TINES AS GOOD AS
STATE TROOPS

STATE TROOPS
Washington. Aug. 1.-The following CORE
spondence has passed between Colonel Roose-
Welt and Secretary Ager:
Santiago. July %. 1898.
My Dear Mr.. Secretary
am writing with the knowledge ana ap-
provsl Of General Wheeler.
We earnestly hope that you will send us most
of the Regulars. and. at any rate, the cavalry
division. including the Rough Riders. VINO are
as good cry Regulars, and hree times as
good as any state troops, to Porto RICO mere
are 500 effective mon In this division; IL those
who were left behind were Joined to them we
could land at Porto Rico in this cavalry divi-
sion close 20 1000 men. who would be worth
easily any 10000 National Guards armed WIN
black powder SpringGelds or other archaic
weapons Very respectfully.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
The following reply was cablcd to Colone'
Roosevelt to-day:
Your letter OF 23d received. The Regular
Army. the volunteer army and the Rough f.iu-
ers have done well. but | suggest That uniess
you want TO spoil the effects and glory or your
victory you make no invid!ous comparisons.
The Rough Riders are no better than other
volunteers They had an advantage in tneir
arms for which they ought to he very grateful
II. A. ALGER. Secretary or war.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
TROOPS TO LEAVE FERNANDINA.
GENERAL CARPENTER PLACED IN FULL CON.
troll OF THE CAMP

Fernandina, Fla. Aug (SpcciaD.-There has
been general good feeling throughout the camp
here to-day over order which places Gen.
eral /. II. Carpenter in full control OF all the
troops here. He has been acting under the order"
OF General Coppinger. but only as a division COM
mander and while tho order does not sisn-y
his promotion a major generalship yct that
may be the outcome. The men OF the eth Cavalry
are still aboard the train but the stock are In the
corrais where thoy put yesterday morning.
There las been a delay pending definite routing.
Captain Anderson was notified this afternoon
that arrangements had been made 10 start Tor
Montauk Point. The I'd New-lcrk arrived today
from Tampa and has unoaded. II is expected
however, that they will also be ordered North. the
nderstanding being that no cavalry will be Left
here mournful presented the
streets late this afternoon when Company c, Of tho
6eth New-York Regiment, marched TO the depot
escorting the body OF Maurice J. Flynn. which
has been sent to New-York City
Lieutenant Barney CUMMINGS nephew Of Con.
grcssman Amos CUMMINGS and private secretary
10 William +. Sheenan, Speaker OF the Assembly
In Albany. who has been sick for two weeks IL
now In a state OF convalescence.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
REINA MERCEDES MAY BE RAISED.

Washington. Aug. 1.-THE Navy Department
has received the report cf the Board which ex-
am!ned the Rcina Mercedes, the Spanish ship
surk in the channel ot Santiago Harbor The
Board is OF the opinion that the vessel can be
easily raised with suitable wrecking equlpage
She lies abreast az the Estrella Battery. in such
position as to make work on her easy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
ICE FOR TIE ARMY ~ CUBA.

Santiago DE- Cuba, Aug. delayed in trans
mission,.--The Red Cross schooner Mary f.
Morse arrived here this afternoon. towed by the
tug Br.tcr, being twen'y-four days out from
Kennebec with 900 tors OF Ice. the gift
OF Miss Adele Gardner OF Long Island. Miss
Clara Barton presented the complete cargo TO
General shafter for the use Of the Army The
gift IVES greatly appreciated by the sick. as the
hospital corps was In need Of ice.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-05
SAGASTA DELAYS PEACE.
Continued from nrst pnge.

ian Minister Baron Fava. Is here ana nus ~
himself posted on the recent developments
Austrian Minister and the Russian Ah'pas''uV'
are out OF the city. Monsigror Marunehi' '"s
Papal Delegate has also kept himsef 'hioi"'eu
on the status Of the peace negotiations o' a.
hands It seems to be conceded that NJ. Can"oo"
is best qualified TO act as spokesman TOT opa'"
az the interests OF Spain were intrusted 70 MS
care at the time diplomatic relations were sew
pred