The Mena star., 1898-07-06
WAR ENDS CENTURIES
what History Tells Us About the
 Worlds Great Conflicts.
:. the Close of Every Hundred Yearn since the Tenth Century Hostile Nations Have Been Em-
 broiled in Battle.

little real significance 1t may have, that regularly since and including the close o4 the eleventh century each cycle of 100 years has been completed with a blaze of wars. In nearly every instance they were conflicts of importance and had decided bearing on the woe or welfare of mankind. They say history repeats itself, and if it does the nine teenth century will be but following precedent that is 800 years old should 1t. too, end amid the roar of cannon.
 At the close of the tenth century there was comparative peace among the European peoples, or as near peace as ever existed in those troublous times. There were some minor struggles, to be sure, but they were rather in the way of organized brigandage than real war fare. A throne or two made up the booty for which the highwaymen con- tended, and the Danes were massacred in England in 1002, but otherwise the sunset of the old era and the dawn of the new were unaccompanied by storm. What vigorous warfare was carried on did not affect Europe, because it result cd from the first invasion of India by Mahmond of Ghuzhi in 1001.
 But with the close of the eleventh century not only did the crusade begin, but Robert, duke of Normandy, made war on his brother. Henry l., and in vaded England, and so the last half dec sde Of the eleventh century was sirnai- ized by strife that was bounded on the one hand by Jerusalem and on the other by London.
 gan with the successes of the Moors over AHonso the Noble, king of Castle, and the opening of that great strife which was to shake Europe, the strug- gle for supremacy between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines, Pope Innocent I'll. summoned Europe to new crusade. and that added to the general uproar. A fourth crusade was inaugurated in 1901, and Philip Augustus wrested one French province after another from King John of England
 The war dance of the end of the end of the thirteenth century began with an invasion of England by Philip the Fair and John Balliol. and the Scots, under Wallace, supplemented this with a dash of fighting on their own account
 The French invaded Flanders at the same time, l207, and Albert of Austria, son of Rudolph of Hapsburg, took up arms for the dethronement of the Ger man emperor, Adolphus of Nassau. The Genoese did little naval fighting with the Venetians, and Boniface VIII had a successful bout with the Colonas of Rome. Tn 1902 there was rising in Flanders against the French, and in the next year Edward I. completed his conquest of the Scotch. So the four teenth century began noisily enough.
 To jump forward to the end of this century we find the Turks and Hun garians fighting and Ladislas fighting for Naples with Louis II. of Anjou. Owen Glendower is leading a revolt of the Welsh and the Percys defeat the Scots. Tamerlane defeats Bajazet, and all these troubles are happening in the last four years of the fourteenth Gen tury and the first two of the fifteenth.
 The sixteenth begins quite as hope fully. Charles VII. conquers Naples and Ferdinand II. recovers it. Perl1in War beck signalizes the death of the old era in England by backing his pretensions to the throne with arms. The French conquer Milan and Maximilian of Ger rnanv ma Laes xzar o,, 4ba Cxyicc Ioui. XII. conquers Naples, and so all Flu rope, practically Is in trouble.
 The next century is near it's begin ming when Howard and Essex capture Cadiz. Maurice of Nassau also takes a rap at the Spaniards, and Elizabeth sends Essex to Ireland to put down the insurrection under the earl of Tyrone
 Sigismund Vasa is driven out of Swe- den and the French invade Savoy. Mau- rice of Na--au defeats Albert of Aus tria, and so again we find Europe war ring from Ireland to Sweden, and south to Austria.
 At the close of the seventeenth cen tury there was a particularly warm time. Villeroi fought William III. Ill the Netherlands. Savoy finished off a war with France. Peter the Great took Azov from the Turks and the French captured Barcelona.
 The close of the eighteenth century brought the French conquest of Hoi- land, insurrections in Paris, the French invasion of Germany, successful cam paign by the Austrians, the earlier vic- tories of Bonaparte with the famous Army of Italy" the campaigns of