The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1898-12-02
SCIENCE AND INDu0TRY.

u is well known tina the pressure of
the atmosphere on the surface of the
earth Is about II pounds to the square
inch, equivalent. that IL, To a pressure
at the lower end Of n column of mer-
curry about 30 inches high. or to the
pressure of "a column of water "a feet
high. DIR. Woodward Of Columbia uni
versity. in some interesting researches
on this line. concludes that such an
equivalence of pressure gives at once
"A lower limit to the mass Of the atmoS-
phere. for this mass must he greater
than that of Z layer of mercury cover
ing the entire earth To "A depth OF 90
inches. or Of a layer of water "a feet in
depth. Hut the attainment Of an up
per limit to the mass of the atmosphere
DIR. Woodward declares To he less easy.
! since IL H. believed u extend to "A
height Of about 100 miles and may eN-
list. i'm an ~attenuated form. even to sew
eral thousands of milos-thc problem
being further complicated by the fact
that the atmosphere rotates with the
earth. An outcome OF the inNestiga-
lions made by this learned scientist j.,
briefly. that the mass OF the atmos-
phere must he greater than one-mill-
ionth and less than one-twelve-hun-
dredth of the entire mass Of the
earth.
the immense ipltt tNtlltu ny Stld-
tine in its contraction is remarked
upon by the British Journal Of Photo
graphy. his fact being specially nota-
bile i'm the c~ollotypist's art. Thus, II a
collotype plate be ~overdried. the power
of the %gelatine. In its contraction. Is so
great that it tears away the surface
of the glass itself. breaking II up In
peculiar fern-like fashion or pattern
i'm a word. the surface of the c~ollotype
plate beng always ground. n is this
which gives 80 firm "A hold to the gel
atine that the glass is torn away. \
curious fact appears I'm this connection.
namely. that different characters "f
gclatine produce a different pattern "
fracture. a brittle kin Of the mate
rial exhibiting a different one from
that yielded by the tough and horny
variety. This property has been taken
advantage Of commercially. and On a
considerable scale. I'm the manufacture
Of what is commonly known as "Crys-
talline' glass.
new carbon dioxide engine, recently
brought To notice by william +. Rob
erts of Philadelphia. is based on the
principle and application of making the
gas simply "A ehicle for carrying heat
energy To- the engine, by means Of
which IL is transformed into energy in
such a form hat II can readily be util-
A1fAA ~ NV 49, - hAh - ~ -
ctuated by the carbon dioxides used
expansively upon the piston i'm "A man
ncr similar To- that employed i'm steam
engines. but with the piston area re-
duced propurtiunately To- the amount Of
power as Compared with steam. For use
i'm the engine the carbon dioxide gas Is
stored I'm a liquid form i'm a cylinder
prepared for the purpose. IL being led
from this in small tubes through "A
heating apparatus. where IL is brought
To a temperature Of about $50 to 200 de-
gTees Fahrenheit, at which tempera-
turc IL is introduced into the engine. by
means Of a specially adapted system of
valves the gas at this high temperature
and pressure Is passed into the cylind-
crs of the engine and then Withdrawn
from the latter at "A temperature below
% degrees Fahrenheit. The gas-a
waste product i'm many lines Of manu-
facturirg-is relatively chea- in its
liquid form. and for such an engine N
is claimed that. being compact. power
full. and economical OF operation. Z
can be adopted with success in many
places where steam and electricity ave
now employed.
The announcement is made Of the in
PRODUCTION In F~rance-namcs and To-
cal'ty not mentiOned-Of the use Of
ether in the operation Of merceTiZinr.
the claim being that by this means
contraction - prevented. thus render
ing mechanical stretching Unnecessary.
Successful results are attained h.
treating the fabr with a mixture Of
20 parts OF ether: with his mixture.
the stun is found TO contain only 4
per cent. instead Of * per cent. other-
wise the prpceSs being Also facilitat-