The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-06-12

part OF an inch smaller. The larger ring must
EIns f mSsy G nos p saS S oTsr i. ThiS shows he S@'f how
careful Ssdttai is rb the OC TSEk IN !, a aSs pEo,e sSs pro
i%ectilo w%oiEhine, 100 pounds; an s.inSh gun
lres ono Weighing 100 pounds: a 5.ineh rapid
nring gun fires one weighing so popnasi a.
pounds; and then come the 6.poundors. s.
Founders, and l.poundors..
bursting proiootilos, The Rrmor, piercing pro-
l% SSStitiSS' noses SsS 'G OF v SiSS' sS II metal metal 40 are snG sSSRiSaoSSs.
When a projectilc OF this kind strikes an ermor
under the intense heat and the projectile Eetsa
hold or grin. upon the armor plate. The semi:
are exploded by contact. The bursting projec-
tiles are commonly called shrapnel and DIFF
tInct parts: The base, the body. the ,bourrelSt
Filling in the gun and twists the projectiiss.' The
Tbc; bourroiOt /; a q band OF steel around The pro.
i%ectilo where the straight part stops and whorS
course. the extreme end of the projectile Is the
Most Of our l3.inch projcctiles arc OF the solld
kind intended for piercing, arInor. A pro1ectilO
ness Of lie times It's own diameter at a distance
of about 1000 yards. II a proicctilo of this kind
FSHes ssEGSGh IL, an ho STG q pi Il Is ~ b %Oss us ap ~G Ghe
energy OF the gun is usually absorbed completely
little damage, Semi armor. piercing projoctilos
are used in most of the moderate sized guns.
making a study Of the power Of modern guns
pointed Spt that e SrGHdsido from the Bon.
csrries ~ guns, weighed only 81 pounds more
than the protectiles OF one, Of the lO.inch guns
Il sN % aaiHs' pT 1t s9hr'S would snS ptbs BE- pPobS SSTof ten on
times as great as that Of tho entire 6roadsido Of
see the marvellous advance that has been made
liz Il a ord hundred 1 Years ,d in the s,n msnu noih9rS
Constitution. which won renown in the war OF
pounds less than the shot of ono of our modern
l2-inch guns. II Is also known that the twenty.
which did great work on the Mississippi in the
civil war IN F9rragut's feet, threw less in one
guns In one turret of a modern battleshlp.
II POWDER FOR wARsHIPs.
The powder which propels the projectiles 10 q
two kinds-the smokeless and the ordinary old
ming to make the smoEcless powder. Most Of
the powder which 1t had on hand when the war
mira sf Dewey SeS Sna S SAMPSON Ts one have 0nS stSs een S nainF AZ Il
up gradually, In their work. At the lombard.
Cuba the reports made distinct mention OF the
fact that soon, after the firing began the ships
fered materially with the accuracy OF aim and
the rapidity Of fire. The cruiser New Orleans,
tiles, and special merton was made in ali the
reports of the bombardment OF Santiago that on
was almost as destructive as that of a battieship.
or course tho old.time powder is made OF the
coal, the charcoal being made Of the choicest
part OF willows. Ihe product Is mixed and
there is no secret as to its preparation. The
manufacture of smokeless. powder. which is go
done secretly. although it is now known gen.
ereiiy how this kind Of explosive is made. Prob
is COruite, 1t Is COQlDOBel of nitrO-ulyCerine-
81 per cent; guncott9n, 81 per cent; vas:
p poaTcd . ov egr the Sen Junction oao n and tSye tMS ar 70
kneaded into IA stiff paste; the vaseline is then
The resultant is then pressed and dried M cut
into lengths. after which it is called cordite: 10
rs means kn9T THAT e the e tu fiIG power Of he c cRSrEa of w pd@.
der is used upon the projeetiie before 1t escapes
a rfo tn s sns gun; i1II eSSege it 81 Is o very sSon nHMSsl
in ii 12'inch gun is about 800 pounds. while q
cordite charge for the same efficiency is about
During N this activity in building the ship
a allied fi Industries ,t Of MAKING mitinsi the 1 arm SisG gums M ana a
iInshin II Ion n the day T approaches oannSin when o9 I the h bat
ship in Y Precisely the ihS"I Same problems %1 enIst sS
the launching of any Other, kind OF a vessel
keel was laid down. and I the t" problem obens IS En Simply ply
to move about 1000 to 5000 tons Of steel in the
1%6 ft OF a a partly EoG eG n ! SissaG ship n something meth like
to thirty feet into the water in about fifteen
5sGond FIAT Th tsa Launches s,Sasnao STs SO smooth in ot these fSs
task involved is scarcely appreciated BY
pey90u IN m enfieP' arc shipStuiSer' There aeo is o sxo
supreme moment in every launch. It is when
thS ye Sss d is tH9-t 1hs s6i on sI the ,i Wayf; and aOd the the
the weight is thrown on the forward end. This
iiI nto T P is csIle Of the the |%q moms sS the be ship aGR2d GlideSS
and the tendency of the ship to drop from the
weEis ln'0 Now ShS "t the m rs GsI1td Of the bno mmS%G %a q
always be greater than the moment OF weight,
CuED there lB llEplV In he N hFRnFnnwn In tho
launch, and the vessel itself may be damaged
seriously. Such an an accident did occur once in
launched, So great was the strain upon the
f fprSjo d, Part par 8, Of n the IHerH vessel ISsbt tina" ,nt parts Of the
beneath the bow and caused serious injury to
The vessel having been launched and the
fittings and machinery having been nut in place.
it gradually approaches a state of completion,
and finally IT goes away to sea with a naval
board upon 1t and a large crew from the con-
Tractors shops to make its exciting trial trip.
a private run for the benefit OF the owners, but
nGthing IKE a trial Of a warship ever takes
trial trips, Of our w%arships put the ships to their
s SURE test for four hours No country in the
United States, and it is to the glory and credit Of
american shipbqilders that there is no record
that any OF our ships has ever been injured, even
In the slightest degree by being put through
ing company, testified that almost in every In
stance IN foreign navies, where a test was made
i.AN' bhV y VI Lnb ITlh ITlD0
of our w%arships. the ships broke down and
were, damaged seriously. The trip OF the Ore
gon from San Francisco to Key West has given
a vivid illustration of the capacity Of our ships
for severe work without damage.
Trial trips are always exciting occasions. and
every foot saved. or, more strictly speaking,
every second of time saved under the old sys.
tenn OF giving a premium for extra speed, meant
a matter of many dollars TO the contractors,
The men in the irerooms work like demons.
and the men in the engine rooms go about clad In
oilskins and dodge in and out among the whirl.
ing machinery, seemingly reckless as to their
own safety and anxious only about having the
ship make the best record possible. A blue haze
mis- the engine rooms. and hot water and oil are
spluttering all about, but the workmen there
seem not to mind 1t, and arc Interested
only In what Is going on In the internal
ana external workings of the machinery.
On deck every nerve is strained TO Ea:r
the ship IN an absolutely straight course. mem.
Oers OF the trial board are making extensive
notes. and finally. as the ship dnshes across Inc
hnish line, a great sigh Of relief goes up, which
Is taken up by the ship itself as the enormous
siren whistle is blown, for a signal that The
struggle IL over. The black.faceI stokers come