The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1898-03-19
HARDER THAN "a DIAMOND
\ French Chemists Discovery Of New
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- French Chemists Discovery of New
Kind OF Crystal.
Henri MOissan, the distinguished
French chemist who created a sensa
ton few years ago by producing
small white diamonds in his electric
furnace, is now credited with another
interesting achievement, says the New
York Tribune This latter piece of
work while perhaps not quite so star
Ting as the other, will probably prove
OF more practical benefit to mankind
and hence a source of greater revenue
to M. Moissan. -5
Hitherto the diamond has been con-
sidered the hardest thing in nature.
The closest approach to- it, until recent
1y, was made by the ruby. Something
halfway between them, in this respect,
was discovered only two or three years
ago by E. c. Acheson of Pittsburg, who
was experimenting with an electric
furnace for an entirely different pur-
pose. He, too, was trying to make
artificial jewels, and succeeded in get
ting lot of small crystals which were
neither diamonds nor rubies. but were
harder than the latter They were
composed of sixty nine parts of silica
and thirty-one parts of carbon. Tech
nlcally the substance is a carbide of
slllcon."~ The discoverer, however, gave
TO 1t the name carborundum, and is
now manufacturing about two tons of
1t daily at Niagara Falls for chemical
purposes. 1t is used for the same pur-
pose as emery.
Molssan's new product is carbide of
the rare metal titanium The proper
materials having been deposited in a.
small cruclble made of lime an electric
current of large volume and low volt
age is turned on, temperature of 1000
or 5000 degrees Fahrenheit is devel-
oped, and then the stuff is allowed to,
cool. The resulting crystals are said
to be harder than diamonds, which now
take the second place. Carborundum
comes next and the ruby drops to the
fourth rank.
The carbide of titanium is as much
harder than carborundum as carborun-
dunn is harder than emery. The latter
two are only good for abrasive service:
that is, they are employed only for~s
grinding and polishing other very hard
substances. 1t is probable that car
blde OF titanium will have much more
extensive use. There are many rock
cutting drills which consist of a tube.
in one edge of which are embedded
brown or black diamonds. M. Mois-
sans new product will be both cheaper
oR
also be substituted for real jewels. in
watches, delicate balances and in other
mechanism where small bits of partic-.
ularly hard material are needed as
bearings. The discoverer has applied
for patents on his invention in this
country as well as Europe, and it is
thought probable that the French aca--
deny will award him certain $4,000
prize offered some time ago for a sat- =
isfactory substitute for black diamonds.
Titanlum, when pure, is white, and
about half as heavy as iron. 1t is al
most impossible to buy any because
there is no demand, and consequently
no production. However, it is not so
very scarce. An oxide Of titanium.
found in the form of small black stones
that give a red mark, is picked I'D in
some newly plowed fields in Pennsyl-
vania and sells for 81 pound. The
metal is frequently found in combina-
ton with iron, but hitherto has been
regarded as nuisance, because it rem
ders an ore refractory. A recent writ
er says: millions of tons of iron ore
in Virginia and New York are made
worthless by the presence of or per e..
cent of titanium.''