davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12
Nothing Yet in Cuban
 Government to Be Recognized.


 tion of belligerency is concerned, are sec ondary if not rightly eliminated factors. The real question is whether the com munity claiming recognition is or Is not
 Nor from the standpoint of expe- rience do I think it would be wise or prudent for this Government to recognize at the present time the in- dependence of the so-called Cuban republic.
 Such recognition Is not necessary in order to enable the United States to inter- vene and pacify the island. To commit this country now to the recognition of any particular government in Cuba might subject us to embarrassing conditions of international obligation toward the or ganiZatiOn so recognized. In case of in tervention our conduct will be subject to the approval or disapprova of such gov ernment. We would be required to sub init to it's direction and to assume to it the mere relation of friendly ally. When it shall appear hereafter that there Is within the island a government capa- ble of performing the duties and dis charging the functions of a separate na- tion, and having, as matter of fact, the proper forms and attributes of national ity, such government can be promptly and readily recognized and the relations
 
 such nation adjusted.
 There remain the alternative forms of intervention to end the war, either as an impartial neutral by inn posing a rational compromise be- tween the contestants or as the act i've ally of the one party or the other.
 AS to the first 1t is not to be forgotten that during the last few months the re- been one of friendly intervention in many ways, each not of itself conclusive, but all tending to the exertion of potential in fuence toward an ultimate pacific re- suit just and honorable to all interests concerned. The spirit of all our acts hitherto has been an earnest, unselfish desire for peace and prosperity in Cuba, United States and Spain and unstained by the blood of American citizens.
 The forcible Forcible Intervention onintervention of
 70, the United Stltes Common Humanity. stop the war ac-
 cording to the large dictates of humanity, and following historical precedents where neighboring States have interfered to check the hopeless sacrifice of life by intercine conflicts beyond their
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

Cubans who have so much to lose by the prolongation of the struggle, to seek to bring about an immediate termination of the war.
 To this end I submitted, on the 27th ulti- mo, as a result of much representation and correspondence through the United States Minister at Madrid, propositions to the Spanish Government, looking to an armistice until October l, for the negotia- ton of peace with the good offices of the President.
 In addition I asked the immediate revo- cation of the order of recommendation, so as to permit the people to return to their farms and the needy to be relieved with provisions and supplies from the United States, cooperating with the Spanish au- thorities so as to afford full relief.
 The reply of the Spanish Cabinet was received on the night of the 31st ultimo. It offers, as the means to bring about peace in Cuba, to confide the prepara- tion thereof to the insular department. inasmuch as the concurrence of that body would be necessary to reach a final result, 1t being, however, understood that the
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12
It Is Not War, but a
 Struggle to Determination.

Cross and representatives of other con- tributory organizations have generally vis- tted Cuba and co-operated with the Consul Cuba and co-operated with the Consul General and the local authorities to make effective distribution of the relief col lected Through the efforts of the central committee, nearly $200,000 in money and supplies, has already reached the suffer- CTS, and more is forthcoming. The sup plies are admitted duty free and transpor- tauon to the interior has been arranged, so that the relief, at first necessarily con- fined to Havana and the larger cities, is now extended through most, if not all. of the towns where suffering exists. Thous- ands of lives have already been saved
 The necessity for a change in the con- dition of the reconcentrados is recognized by the Spanish Government. Within a few days past the orders of General Wey- Ter have been revoked. the reconcentrados are, it is said. to be permitted to return to their homes and aided to resume the self-supporung pursuits of peace; public works having been started to give them employment. and a sum of s600,oOO has been appropriated for their relief
 The war in Cuba is of such a nature that, short of subjugation or extermina- tion, final military victory for either side seems impracticable. The aIterna- tive lies in the physical exhaustion of the a condition which in effect ended the ten years war by the truce of Sanjon. The prospect of such a protraction and conclusion of the present strife is con- tingency hardly to be contemplated with equanimity by the civilized world, an4 least of all by the United States, affected and injured as we are, deeply and inti- mately. by its very existence.
 Realizing this it appeared to be my duty, in spirit of true friendli- ness, no less to Spain than to the
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12
The Question of Peace or Hostilities Is Now in the Hands of the Representative of the
 People.

These are the words of the resolute and patriotic Jackson. They are evidence that the United States, in addition to the test imposed by public law as the condition or the recognition of independence by neutral State (to wit: that the revolted State shall constitute in fact a body polite, having government in substance as well in name possessed of the ele- ments of stability and forming de facto If left to itself a Sta,e among the na- tions, reasonably capable of discharging the duties of State'D, has imposed for its own goverance in dealing with cases like these the further condition that rec ognition of independent statehood is not due to revolt and dependency until the danger of it's being, again subjugated by the parent State has entirely passed away. This extreme test was in fact ap- piled in the case of Texas. The Congress to whom President Jackson referred the war" and therefore proper subject for previous understanding with that body by whom war alone can be declared, and by whom all the provisions for sustaining its perils must be furnished" left the matter of recognition of Texas to the dis cretion of the executive, providing mere ly. forthe sending of a diplomatic agent when the President should be satisfied that the republic of Texas had become 'an independent State" It was so recog- nized by President Van Buren. who com missioned Charge d'Affaires March 2, 1857, after Mexico had abandoned an at tempt to conquer the Texan territory and when there was at the time no bona flde contest going on between the insurgent province and it's former sovereign.
 I said in my message of December last: Ut is to be seriously considered whether the Cuban insurrection possesses beyond dispute the attributes of statehood, which alone demand a recognition of bel ligerency in its favor" The same require ment must certainly be no less seriously considered when the graver issue of recognizing independence is in question, for no less positive test can be applied to the greater act than the lesser, while, on
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12
Q Q oeooooc occococooocc c c .

whom we have been, by force of evidence, compelled to decide.
 Tt has thus been made known to the world that the uniform policy and prac- tice of the United States is to avoid all interference in disputes which merely re- late to the internal government of other nations, and eventually to recognize the authority of the prevailing party without views or to the merits of the original controversy: But in this, as in every other occasion, safety is to be found in a rigid adherence to principle.
 Tn the contest between Spain and the revolting colonies we stood aloof and waited not only until the ability of the new States to protect themselves was fully established, but until the danger of their being again subjugateo had entirely passed away. Then, and not until then. course in regard to Mexico herself.
 Tt is true that with regard to Texas the civil authority of Mexico had been expelled, it's invading army defeated, the chief of the republic himself captured, and all power to control the newly or ganized Government of Texas annihilat- ed within its confines. But. on the other hand, there is, in appearance at least, an immense disparity of physical force on the side of Texas The Mexican Repub- lie is now rallying it's forces under new leader and menacing a fresh fnva- sion to recover it's lost domain.
 Upon the issue of this threatened in vasion, the independence of Texas may there nothing peculiar in the situation of the United States and Texas, our ac- knowledgment of its independence at such a crisis could scarcely be regarded as consistent with that prudent reserve with which we have hitherto held our selves bound to treat all similar ques- tionS."
 Thereupon Andrew Jackson proceeded
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12
Recognition Could Only
 Do Harm
 to All Parties.

Congress December 2l, 1886, on the subject of the recognition of the independence of Texas. He said: Tn all the contests of France, out of the disputes relating to the crowns of Portugal and Spain, out of the separation of the American posses sions of both from the European govern ments, and out of the numerous and con stantly occurring struggles for dominion in Spanish America. so wisely consistent with just principles has been the action of our Government that we have, under the most critical circumstances, avoided all censure and encountered no other evil
 than that produced by a transient es- arrangement of good will in those against
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12
The American Policy
 Is a Policy of Non-Interference.

tory of Texas and of the avowed purpose of the Texans in seeking recognition of independence as an incident to the in- corporation of Texas in the Union, con- cluding thus:
 Prudence, therefore, seems to dictate that we should stand aloof and maintain our present attitude, if not until Mexico itself or one of the great foreign powers shall recognize the independence of the new government, at least until the lapse of time or the course or events shall have proved beyond cavil or dispute the ability of the people of that country to maintain their separate sovereignty and to uphold the government constituted by them. Neither of the contending parties can justly complain of this course By pursuing it we are but carrying out the long established policy of our Govern ment, a policy which has secured to us respect and influence abroad and inspired confidence at home."
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

military control about the cities and for tified camps, proved illusory as remedy for the suffering. Ihe unfortunates, pelng for the most part women and children, with aged and helpless men, enfeeoleo py disease and hunger, could not nave uiieo the soil without tools, seeds or snelter. for their own support or for the supply oi the cities. Reconcentration, adopted avowedly as a war measure In oruer 10 cut off the resources of the insurgents, worked its predestined result
 As I said in my message of last December it was not civilized war fare; it was extermination. The only peace it could beget was that Of the wilderness and the grave.
 Meanwhile, the military situation In the island had undergone noticeable change. The extraordinary activity that charac- terized the second year of the war, when the insurgents invaded even the hitherto unharmed fields of Pinar del Rio and car ried havoc and destitution up to the walls of the city of Havana itself, had relapsed into dogged struggle in the central and eastern provinces. The Span ish army regained a measure of control in Pinar del Rio and parts of Havana, but under the existing conditions of the provement of their productive situation. Even thus partially restricted, the revo- lutionists held their own, and their sub- mission, put forward by Spain as the es- sential and sole basis of peace, seemed as far distant as at the outset
 In this state of affairs. my administra- tion found itself confronted with the
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12
Spain's Answer to
 This Country Not Satisfactory.

 of May next. the Spanish Government would not object, for its part, to accept at once a suspension of hostilities, If asked for by the insurgents from the general-in-chief, to whom 1t would per tain in such case, to determine the dura- ton and conditions of the armistice.
 These propositions, submitted by Gen. eral Woodford, and the reply of the Spanish Government, were both in the form of brief memoranda. the texts of which are before me-and are substan tially in the language above given. The function of the Cuban parliament in the matter of preparing peace and the manner of doing so are not expressed in the Spanish memorandum; but from of preliminary discussions preceding the final conference it is understood that the Spanish Government stands ready to give the insular Congress full powers to set tie the terms of peace with the insur. gents; whether by direct negotiation or indirectly by means of legislation does not appear.
 With this last overture in the oi- rection of immediate peace and it's disappointing reception by Spain the executive was brought to the end of his effort.
 In my annual message of December last, 1 said:
 ''Of the untried measures there remain recognition of the insurgents as bellig- erents; recognition of the independence of Cuba, and intervention to end the war by imposing rational compromise be tween the contestants and intervention in favor of one or the other party. speak not of forcible annexation, for that cannot be thought of That, by our code of morality, would be criminal aggres- sion."
 Thereupon I reviewed these alternatives in the light of President Grants meas ured words uttered in 1875, when, after seven years of sanguinary, destructive and cruel barbarities in Cuba, he reached the conclusion that the recognition of the independence of Cuba was impracti- cable and indefensible, and that the re- cognftion of belligerency was not war ranted by the facts, according to the tests of public law. 1 commented es- pecially upon the latter aspect of the question. pointing out the inconveniences and positive dangers of a recognition of belligerency which, while adding to the already onerous burdens of neutrality within our own Jurisdiction, could not in any way extend our influence or eff fectlVe offices in the territory of hoSttli- ties.
 Nothing has since occurred to chang. my view in this regard and I recognize as fully now as then that the issuanca of a proclamation of neutrality by which process the so-called recognition of bel ligerency is published, could, of itself. and unattended by other action, accom-, plish nothing toward the one end for which we labor, the instant pacification of Cuba and the cessation of the misery that affiicts the island
 Turning to the question of recognizing at this time the independence of the pres, ent insurgent gov-
 we ind safe af pre- pre- Recognition Could Only cedents in our hs-
 tory from an ear Do Harm ly day. They are
 well summed up in .o All n.-I: President J a c k to All fdrlieS.
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

powers reserved by the constitu- ton to the cen tral government are not leSsened or diminished. AS the Cuban parlia- ment does not ppaat until tho Ath
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

which our laws enjoin and which the law of nations commands, to po- lice our own wa ters and watch our own seaports in prevention of any unlawful aid of the
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

am of the opinion that other nations will be compelled to assume the responsibility
 which devolves upon them, and to seri- ously consider the only remaining meas ures possible, mediation and intervention.
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

J dChSUIi pIUCttUtU to consider the
 risk that there might be imputed t o the United States motives of selfish interest in view of the for mer claim on our part to the terri
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

the other hand, the influences and con- sequences of the struggle upon the internal policy of t h e recognizing State, which form important factors when the recOgni-
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

Ing and accom- plished much good. Arrangements foI
 free transportation to Cuba h a V 2 greatly aided the charitable W ork. The president of the American Red
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

was commanded
 by one or other of
 [ h 8 contending parties, and exc cuted by all the powers at their disposal. By the time the present admin st r a { l O II
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

ent insurgent gov ernment in Cuba
 we find safe pre- cedents in our his tory from an ear ly day. They are well summed up in President J a c k sons message to
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12
SagaSta, and His Attempt at a More
 Liberal Policy.

hiO0i "i OiiOy lieving it's acute
 ness and opening the way to some form of honorable set clement. The assassination of the Prime Minister, Canovas, led to a change of Government in Spain. The former ad- ministration, which pledged subjugation of more liberal party, committed long in advance to policy of reform involv- ing, the wider principle of home rule for Cuba and Puerto Rico. The overtures of this Government made through its new envoy, General Woodford, and look ing to an immediate effective ameliora- tion of the condition of the island, al- though not accepted to the extent of ad- mitted mediation in any shape, were met by assurances that home rule in an ad- vanced phase would be forthwith offered to Cuba, without waiting for the war to end, and that more humane methods should henceforth prevail in the conduct of hostilitieS.
 Incidentally with these declarations the new Government of Spain continued and completed the policy already begun by it's predecessor, of testffying friendly regard for this nation by releasing American citizens held under one charge or an- other connected with the insurrection, so that, by the end of November, not a single person entitled in any way to our national protection remained In a Span ish prison.
 While these negotiations were in prog ress, the increasing destitution of the unfortunate reconcentrados and the
 
 earnest attention. The success which had attended the limited measure of relief ex- tended to the suffering American citf- zens among them, by the Judcious eX- penditure through the consular agencies of the money appropriated expressly for their succor by the joint resolution ap- proved May "A, 1897, prompted the humane extension of a similar scheme to that great body of sufferers. A suggestion to this end was acquiesced in by the Span ish authorities.
 m he of loe to be issued an appeal to the American people, inviting contributions in money or in kind for the succor of the starving sufferers in Cuba Following this, on the Sth of January, came a similar public an nouncement of the formation of central Cuban relief committee, with headquar- ters in New York City. composed of the members representing the American Ma donal Red Cross and the religious and business elements of the community. The efforts of that committee have been untir-
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

WASHINGTON, April 1.-The Presi- .dent to-day sent the following message to Congress-:
 To the Se0dtc and the House oJ Repre-
 sentattUeS or the U1tited Ssdtes:
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-12

We have found ourselves constrained in the observance of that strict neutrality
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-03-21
CROCERS REBEL.
Refuse Longer to Be Controlled by
the Sugar Trust

New York March 21-The announce
uent of the revolt of w. K. HOyt & Co,
wholesale grocers against the sugar
trust caused surprise in Wall street to-
day, and it was taken as an indication
of a general revolt against the Have
never concern by the wholesale gro
GERS throughout the country. 1t means,
Wall street men think, that great
things are expected from the fight
which the Arbuckle and Doscher REIN
cries. now building in Brooklyn, viii
give the trust.
The effect of the western revolt was
to cause the ArbuckleS and DOScher to
push work to complete their places as
soon as possible The revolving firm
was notified that the rehneries would
be completed soon and would then
supply the trade at greatly reduced
prices.
At the Office of the sugar trust today
it was said that the withdrawal OF the
Hoyts from the factor plan would not
affect the business of the trust.
Willett 6, Gray, the sugar men of 81
wall street. who are considered by the
trade to stand very close to the Amer
lean Sugar Refinery company, said to-
day that several small firms had al
ready followed the HOyt lead
John Arbuckle of the Arbuclxle REIN
ery said in Brooklyn that work was be-
ing pushed as fast as possible on the
factory. Night shifts have been put on,
and the building at the foot of Jay
street he hoped would be completed by
April Mr.. Arbuckle would not discuss
the revolt against the sugar trust by
the western grocers, but he laughed
gleefully when asked about it
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-03-21
RELIEF FOR CUBA.
Twenty-One Carloads of Provisions
Leave Kansas City in a Special
Train.

Kansas City, March 21.-Perhaps not
before has there been such scene in
the west as when, yesterday afternoon
at o'clock, there left the Grand avenue
depot a train of 81 cars, bound for the
starving Cubans, the result of an ap-
peal made by the Kansas City Star to
the generous people of the west.
Flour for Cuba; Bullets for Spain, "
was the legend written on one of these
cars.
At least 1000 people were present to
witness the departure of the Cuban re-
lief train, as it was known. DR.. H1ner,
director of the Third regiment band,
was present with musicians from the
Musicians union of the city, and, sta
toned on the bridge that crosses the
Belt Line at Grand avenue, he played a
grace before meals and thousands
cheered the strains.
Dixie" and The Star Spangled Ban
ner'' and America were the Overtures
the thousands.
There were 81 cars in the train, and
even that great load did not measure
the generosity of the people. Three
cars, loaded down to their 10000 pounds
capacity, were left over for later train
Even the big locomotive, which the
Memphis sent, itself a donation, could
not pull the gifts of the people
The train had really been made up
and was ready to start the night be-
fore. Many of the cars bore banners
Those from Mcpherson, Marion and
Reno counties. Kansas, all had legends,
while everyone had nailed to it an
American flag. The engine was gay with
the national colors.
The cost of the freight would not fail
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-03-21

fic matters, both passenger and freight,
and he would necessarily be called upon
to give the biggest part of his time to
passenger affairs IN the event the Of
flee of passenger traffic manager was
abolished.
If direct promotion results, General
Passenger Agent w. J. Black will sue
coed Mr.. White. The general officials
of the Santa Fe have plenty of faith in
Mr.. Blacks ability, and it may be that
he will be called upon to take a step
higher in the official service of the road.
If the place is not filed by direct pro-
motion, some outside man will I'M
dOubtedly be taken in.
At present the important passenger
matters relating to two or three more
of the system lines are being handled
by Mr.. Morton.