The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-11-18
TYPES OF CRUISERS.
War Vessels Which Are Direct De-
scendants of Outline K'rigates.
Philadelphia Record

Philadelphia Record.
The modern cruiser is natural evolution
OF the oid-t.me frigate. which ranked next
TO q hne-of-battle ship, and as fighter oe-
eup.es the same relative position to the
modern hattleshp.
some of the latest gunboats differ from
cruisers only in their size and speed. The
cruisers themselves vary greatly In size
and destruetiyeness, and are divided into
protected cruiser. of which our navy has
three-the Detroit. Marblehead and Mont
gomery--the protected cruiser. formidable
vessel. of which the olympia may be taken
as typical example, and the armored
cruiser, such as the New York ana Brook
lyn.
When the unprotected cruisers named
were building they were known as gun
boats. hut the navy officials made ruling
that vessels OF this type. OF over 1000 tons
displacement. should be known unpro-
tected cruisers. Their speed OF eighteen
knors taken IN connection with their COM
parativey heavy batteries of rapid-hre
guns, entities them TO be ciassed as cruis-
ers. The simple or unprotected cruiser In
common with gunboats, has no protection
in the shape of armor for her vitals. as the
engines. boilers and magazines are called.
She has. however. a wateg-tight deck eov
er~l with armor plating. which extends
from side 10 side and from bow TO stern,
completely roofing over The most yu!ner-
able portions. While not proof against
even moderate shot, this deck prevents The
admission of water below which may come
In through breaks in the plating above the
deck. and in that materially aids in pre-
serving the stability OF the craft when
pierced BY shells talst above the water line
50 "a to admit water in eareening. The
coal Is usually stored above this deck so
as to afford 4 measure 81 protection against
guns un 70 SIX Founders Some Of the guns
and portfolios have an armoy protection,
hut such arnfor IL not designed far the pre-
tection Of the ship Itself.
The protected cruiser "a the next sh!a in
the chain Sf evolution Here again there
Il q water-tisht deck, but IN this Instance
Il Is supplemented with a heavy covering
OF aFner. which may range in the mar
parts from ons 10 two and d half inches
thick, and on the stopping sides from one
AMI "A half 10 four and 81 half inches This
arm0r presents G defective front TO shot
passins, through the sides and threatening
the magazines and motive power, and OF
course, makes II possible for the pesSe! TO
w.thslaa nd attacks that would be certain
destruction 10 an unprotected cruiser. Ves-
sels Of IaiS type. saeli az the Olympia have
powerful guns. sell protected by armored
iGrfeis.
The arnlorsd cruiser represents the high
est 1yge of cruiser and Is a large. speedy,
protected cruiser. With reinforced and
heavy aruser These have in addition
band ot aatersiae vertical arH,or and Iala to
or th0.r sides Of from three To four inches
Jssss Above sae heavy het Of the protected
cruiser, Ta5s waterl.ne srnor Ii placed
anaashipS and reaches fore and aft
Earoag aoat tlls region occupied b. the ma
chinery ana magazines
Armored cruisers are built for great
speed. despite their size. The New York and
BROOKLYN both having records az es,sr
t&enty-ore knots. The heavy aTnar pro-
lection enables tae aEEaoTe4 eruiseF TO take
her stand in the line of hattie ard engage
tae slower bus more powerful. ships O. tie
rnenayss fleet. The especial service ~ tss
70 attack any hostile craft less Formidable
tAan i hatglesaip-