The Anaconda standard., 1898-02-06
Graduating Exercises of the
Washington School.
HELD IN THE GYMNASIUM
A Large Number OF Parents and
Friends Present-A Carefully Ar
ranged Programme Was Clev-
erly Carried Out.

held yesterday afternoon in the gymna-
sium room of the new High school
building. The interest taken by pa
rents and friends was manifested by the
fact that the number of people who as
sembled to listen to the programme was
even greater than on the evening before,
when fully 1900 people gathered at the
Washington building. The programme
was of an interesting nature through
out the particular features being the
chorus sung by the school,. the 'Cinder-
lila" pantomime and the essays. School
Trustee Frederic presented the dipio-
mas and, as at the exercises of the High
school and the Blaine, the day previous,
accompanied the ceremony with words
of encouragement and graduation to the
pupils. The exercises were under the
direction of Principal b. G. Hastings.
assisted by Teachers Atlanta Brdseye,
Josie B. Drake, Alice Sheehan and Flor
ence McNeel.
The programme follows:
Opening chorus, Song of Welcome,
the school, recitation, The Little
Black Eyed Rebel" Belle Cuts; essay,
Three G's of America" II. Louis
Mills; music, Anchored" girls chorus;
essay, History of Books" ley Jones:
essay, Battle of Lexington" Lulu
Williams: piano solo. "Chanson des
Apes Lizzie Hartwell; Ballad in
Black, briggs Double'-characters
briggs and His Double. II. Louis
Mills Jane Applicant, Bessie Harkins;
Old Man Applicant, John McCarty;
piano solo, 'Whisperings from Fairy
land" Grace Noyes; Ballad in Black.
cinderella aa-characters Cinderella,
Agnes Bernier; Cmderellas Sisters.
Lena Kane and Icy Jones; Cinderella's
Father. Bert Cohen; Cindcrellas God
mother. Lizzie Lawry; Prince. James
Doran; music, The Moonlight Sail"
hA col lant tnS
Mabel II. Steinborn: recitation, The
Leak in the Dyke Ina Street Daoust:
music Forth to the Meadows girls
chorus; presentation of diplomas: class
song, Farewell, Dear Schoolmates."
The class pin was of silver, bearing
yellow and blue. The class motto was:
yellow and blue. The elias smotto was:
They Can Who Will" One of the best
of the essays was that read by Miss Icy
Jones on the subject OF The History of
Books" 1t follows:
The earliest writings were purely
monumental, and accordingly those ma
terals were chosen which were sup
posed to lost the longest. Most all in
scriptions, in ancient times, We're on
stone. lead. brick and planks Of wood.
Tablets of ivory and metal We're in COM
mon use among the Greeks and Romans.
When made of wood, their inner sides
were coated with wax on which the let
stiletto, one end of which was used for
erasure. Two such tablets Joined to-
gether We're called diptycha. the earliest
specimens of book binding. They were
fastened together at the back by wires,
which acted as hinges; the pages were
called ceroe, from their waxen coating.
These kinds Of tablets were used in
Europe in the middle ages. The oldest
extant specimen is now in the museum
of Florence, and is dated 1901. The
leaves of the palm, and the inner bark
of the ash. maple. elm and lime were
afterwards used. The first flexible ma
terial of importance was made from the
concentrc coats which wrapped the
stalks of the Egyptian papyrus, from
which is derived our word paper. The
time of its introduction has been much
disputed.
The next material that was most
commonly used after papyrus was
parchment, made from skins of sheep.
Although il was not commonly employ
ed until after papyrus ii appears to have
been used in the seventh century. Paper
made from cotton came into use, accord
ing tn Moutfaucon. towards the end of
the ninth on the beginning of the tenth
century. The invention of linen paper
gave the first real impulse to book pro-
ductions. The precise date of its inyen-
ton is disputed but the most numerous
of them belong to the 14th century. Its
invention is aScribed to different people
by different authors. The form of an
cient books was a roll with a piece of
board suspended or pasted on the out
side, on which was the title Of the book.
These rolls were frequentely protected
by parchment cover. The square form
was resorted to afterward for separate
leaves. The term liber III the fourth een-
tury is found applied to both rolls and
squared leaves, but the former were dis
continued in the middle ages and covers
OF boards were gradually introduced
the leaves being stitched together as
we'll as folded.
The internal arrangement of
books has undergone many modifica-
tions. At first the letters were divided
only into lines, then into separate words.
and these. by degrees, Were noted with
accents and distributed by points and
stops into periods. paragraphs. chapters
and other divisions. In some countries
the directions of the characters were
from right to left. in others, al among
the northern ana western nations. from
left 10 right. The early Greeks followed
the two directions alternately. In most
countries the lines run from side to side.
but in some. particularly among the
Chinese. the direction is vertical. At
first books were very expensive, hut
after they were easier 10 make and
print the prices were greatly lowered"
trustee Frederic, IN presenting the
diplomas. said:
My Young Friends-aIt is a pleasure
for me To be present on this occasion.
You will not forget this day--a day Of
school memories. What pictures float
before our vision at the mere mention
of those angelic words--love, light,
warmth, loving faces. books music,
merry laughter. smiles like flashes of
sunshine. attractive stories, tender
words. sympathy. loyal hearts-how
wonderfully delightful are such souye-
Mrs. Sooner or later. however. we are.
all of us. obliged 10 learn the same ter
rible lesson. All pictures cannot have
the full benefit Of the light. one Of the
dearest spots is school, associated with
its memories: il touches chords whicn
vibrate To the last pulse of our lives. VI
wsayes a spell over every scene and
paints in the silent halls of memory pic
lures that neither time nor change can
efface. And throughout every period II
life these memories return Il heighten
each new pleasure. School memDries-