davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

truce and offered to "captulate." Scott
replied that the city was already in the
possession of his troops and that the
United States army would not be gov
erncd by terms not self imposed. Be-
fore the soldiers could be distributed
about the city the native roughs began
a work Of plllage and depreciation, and
the authorities begged the military to
hasten its work Of occupation. The ma
tional palace was saved from its own
people by the United States soldiers.
When General Scott reached the ma
tional palace, he read to those about
him an order containing these words:
Under the favor of God, the valor OF
this army after many glorious victories
has hosted the colors of our country in
the capital of Mexico and on the palace
of its government.
'But the war is not ended. The Mex
lean army and government have fled
only to watch fer an opportunity to re-
turn upon us with vengeance. We must
then, be on our guard. Companies and
regiments will be kept together and all
stand on the alert.
Let there be no drunkenness, no dis.
order and no struggling. Stragglers
will be in great danger of ASA ssination
and marauders shall be punished b,
court martial"
The generals last words were inter-
rupted by musket shot some distance
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
A New Maxim DESTROYER.

Hudson Maxim, brother of Hiram
Maxim of gun and aeroplane fame, has
brought to this country from Europe
suggestion in torpedo construction in
Volving a degree of destructiVeness alb
solutcly appalling. II is an aerial tor
pedo gun Weighing i6 tons, with a cali
Der of q inches. 1t discharges project
lies of two sizes, The larger contains n
high explosive, with a charge one ton in
weight having range OF tive mllaf.
The smaller contains a half ton charge,
with range of nine miles. The pro-
jectles are exploded either by means OF
compressed gun cotton or picric acid.
The smaller torpedo has destructive
area of A. 153 square feet, while the de-
structivenoss OF the larger is over an
area of 1872 025 square feet. The torpedo
is propelled from the gun by charge Of
1919 pounds of cordite.
The proiectile is in two sections, fit
ting into each other like telescope and
held together by n strong copper ring.
Mr.. Maxim says it is impossible to OPP
pose to these projectiles any sufficient
means of protection. They sweep eV-
erything before them. Even with
charge of SEQ pounds of gun cotton eX-
ploded against the torpedo netting or
battleship her days of service would NJ
over. The maximum effective range on
the Whitehead torpedo with a charge or
200 pounds of gun cotton is less than
one mile. The Maxim torpedo carries
five times as far as this with IL times
the quantity Of high explosive.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

for the maintenance OF order until the
conquering power declares that the sub
jugated district has been annexed TO its
own domain
During the occupancy OF the conquer
ed Mexican cities by United States
troops the municipal authorities con-
tlnued in power, executing the laws of
Mexico and collecting and discussing
the revenues under the supervision of
the United states army officers. Com
tact between the soldiery and the clti-
zens was avoided as far as possible,
This is the general rule because the
presence Of many soldiers when martial
law prevails is a source of irritation to
the people. The higher tho civilization
the greater the di8tastc for military
domination. and the lower the civiliza-
tiOn the greater the danger of violent
outbreak on the part of the people If
the yoke is made calling by the con-
slant tread Of armed men.
This country occupies a peculiar stu
alton, and its methods in holding cap
believe in democratic institutions and
the rights of the common people, never
thcless we do not make war upon estab-
/ ished institutions with which tho peo-
/ Pile are satisfied, whether they harmo-
nizc With ours or not. Before entering
upon the conquest of Mexico General
| Scott issued to his army what is known
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

cendiarics in order to deprive the french
of winter asylum within it's walls is
the most notable example in all history
OF retaliation by the populaca upon the
conqucrors of city. In our own his
tory the nearest parallel to the present
situation is that of the colonial cities
held by the British during the Revolt
ton. In the captured cities OF Boston,
New York and Philadelphia there were
strong elements favoring the conquer
ors, but the mass of the populacc sided
with the cause of the patriot army,
which had been driven out. So the en-
envy outside had friends and abettors
inside. and the invaders We're openly
supported by subjects loyal to the king.
Between these two elements the patrl-
OTIS and the royalists. there was con-
slant friction.
In the conquered Spanish territory
our army has the devotion of all patri-
OTIS and the hatred of all royalists. Be-
tween these two classes there Is i'm
placable enmity. and the army must
maintain an impartial sway. 1t is the
polcy Of the United States in all for
eign countries occupied by its armies
to acknowledge and protect religion and
morality, together with all strictly pri-
vate property, the persons of all in
habitants, especially those of women,
and the sacredness of domestic rela-
tons. All offenses to the contrary.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
Santiago de Cuba as the Grim
Arcl1etype OF All the Darkest
Features of Spanish Sea-
port VilIainy.
BY CAPTAIN GEORGE l.. KILMER.

hand III hand. True, the iron hand Of
the army is all powerful, but just as
you cannot indict a whole people so
you cannot subdue n whole pcople-not
at a stroke. The forts may fall, the
army lay down its weapons and the
governors capitulatc, but the cowardly
fellows who arc brave only in the dark
with foe at q disadvantage still thirst
for "A general revenge. More men are
required to properly police n refractory
captured city than to carry it by storm.
1t is comparatively easy to shoot down
sentinels and patrol squads from be-
hind Il door or out of an attic window.
The horrors Of the Paris commune burst
forth after the German army had made
its triumphant entry into the city and
the civil authorities were using every
means to pacify the country.
As rule the conquering army does
not occupy n city proper with large
force The troops march through the
principal streets as demonstration to
the people and then retire to the con-
quered fertilization and to camps in the
vicinity, leaving a strong guard at the
more important points with adequate
e-cuforccmcnts for the municipal po-
lice If that is available. The overturned
authorities including the police and
judges. are not forced against their will
! to cooperate with the couquering army
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

rorism which it may take two armies to
subdue. Armed conquest of a crowded
city dethrones law and order and may
dethrone reason as well. If the defense
is stubborn and the assailants lose
heavily, there are two elements swayed
by passion to be reckoned with. Sol
diers demand revenge.
One safety measure wholly in con-
troll Of the inhabitants is to destroy
without reserve all liquors. A drunken
vandal or n drunken soldier may set the
whole city ny the ears. and then for a
stage of the conquest worse than all
others Human nature has its limits
and soldier who has fought his way
into city is not in a mood to fight his
way through it with the same degree Of
restraint. AS General Scott told his
men, assassination turks on every cor
ncr. But after a few assassinatlonS
the soldiers take 1t upon themselves to
have no more Of it. Then there is war
to the knife from street to street and
from house to house And If over war
is hi" as General sherman said. it is
so when waged by maddencd men in a
crowded city.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
DOWNRIGHT. 1851


Santiago as captured Spanish city
will furnish many useful examples for
the guidance of the United States army
In its future campaigns.
In the long run submission is better
for the inhabitants Of beleaguered city
Than armed resistance. For that reason
1t might be supposed that the noncom-
batants would welcome the new rulers
and work with them for the establish
mcnt of order Social and moral chaos
Is inevitable after a city has been
through an attack. First and foremost
the martial domination of the defend
ing army is calling to citizens. seldom
Is the voice unanimous for defense, and
In the cities of Spanish colonies a pres
mt ii goes with the saying that the peo-
pie are not half loyal to the mother
country They chafe under Spanish
domination and become impatient of
any military rule.
There is no ordeal through which n
city can pass more trying than that Of
siege and conquest. All barriers Of re-
styaint are thrown down. 1t is revolu-
ton which heaVes the dress upward.
Throughout the siege the peacefully dis
posed look forward to the end with fear
and dread. with the capituiation comes
the realization of their worst fears.
Al Santiago the Spanish authorities
have done their best to breed trouble for
the United states army. While they
have done 1t by spreading baseless and
serseless lies, the lies are there first. and
IT will be long before the best disposed
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
The Yoke OF the Victor Usually
Calls the Neck OF the
Vanquished.

as his martial law" order. It provided
for the control Of the troops and of the
conquered people in their relations with
each other.
SCOTS first conquest was the city Ct
Vera Cruz, locally governed by an al
calde. General Worth was made mill
tary governor and commander of the
fortiications. He Immediately issued
his instructions to the alcalde, which
were that arms in possession of McNi-
can citizens should he given into the
custody OF the alcalde and reported to
military headquarters, that all drinking
saloons be closed and that Mexican laws
as between Mexicans should be enforced
and justice administered by Mexican
tribunals. Everything was done to con-
Ciliate the inhabitants, and they were
allowed to leave and enter the city at
will between the hours of sunrise and
sunset.
BY SCOTS order all crimes Of violence
and dissertation, whether by MeXicans
or United States citizens, We're tried by
a military court. One paragraph of the
order provided that in all cities and
towns occupied by the American army
u Mexican police should be established
and duly harmonized with the military
police of the said forces.
At the City of Mexico our army met
with the experience to be expected in
invasion. Santa Annals Mexican army
evacuated the place, leaving il in the
hands Of the civil authorities. Amcri-
can troops had broken through the
walls in places. A commission of the
municipal authorities approached the
outpost Of the army under a flag of
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
Mustn't Mister" Them

Unlike civil life, the navy regards 4
as a compliment to drop the "Mr." II
personal conversation between officers
The application of that little prefix i'm
plies wide disparity in rank, and jun,
Tor thus feels fattered by the elevator
to equality made by senior in drop
ping It.
The most striking illustration of thil
popularity is to be found at the Naval
academy at Annapolis, where the fourth
classmen, or 'plebs," are ostentatiously
termed "misters," and the word is al
ways used in addressing them. When,
at the end of their plebedom, they enter
the third class. they gleefully welcome
the dropping of the prefix in conversa-
ton with the upper classmen, and tina
worst snub first or second classman
can give to one of the third class is to
make use of the old "Mr." AGAIN in
speaking to him.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
Some Naval Definitions.

Fathom-A measure Of six feet.
Turret-A tower for the protection Of
tho crrrors
60 .. xo.oh TO-. o.. ,o,,.o,,,
at INC "'aS''c"u'
Arinalneht-A term expressing colloct-
lively all the guns of ship
Jacobs ladder-A short ladder with
wood rungs and rope sides.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

, away Turning to a staff officer he
said: Twill you have the kindness to go
and say to our volunteer friends that 1t
is unsoldierike. bad manners and dam
gerous to discharge arms in city, and
say to their officers that it must not &C.
cur AGAIN."
The officer hurried across the grand
plaza to enc of the main streets, and
while on the way more shots were
heard. At Il corner of the plaza he saw
Mexicans with arms in their hands rum
Ming and the firing in the streets in
creased. After learning that the shots
were fired by MeXicans the aid so re-
ported to Scott. orders were given to
the army to occupy all church stceplcs
and the roofs of houses with sharp
shooters, to sweep the streets with cam
lister and to break into all buildings
from which hostile shots were fired. 1t
required two days of that sort of work
to subdue the turbulent citizens.
The burning of Moscow by citizen in
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

charged. The Italian soldier is compel
led to learn to read and write and when
he comes out OF service it Is said that
he feels above farming and Is very apt
to Join the ranks Of the social d.scon-
tents.
The expression "bottled up" as APP
piled to predicaments like that of Ad-
miral Cervera, was first used by Gener-
al Grant to describe General Buffers
mishap in May. 1861. Butler took 80, 900
Federal troops between Richmond ana
Petersburg. but the southern array
drove him back Tor Bermuda, headed and
hemmed him In between the Appomat-
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

whether committed by It's own soldiers
or by the citizens of the territory, are
punished.
Wanton violence against the inhab-
tants of an invaded country, destruc-
ton of property when not commanded
by the authorized officer, robbery,
pillage or sacking. the woundng, maim-
ing or killing of inhabitants, Is pro-
hibtcd undcr penalty of death, and any
soldier, whether officer or private, Of the
United states army engaged in the act
of committing the violence may be kill
cd on the spot by his superior. All cap
lures ana booty belong primarily to the
government and not to the captors in
dividually.
Enough has been cited to show that
the civil life and privileges of the poo
pie in the conquered cities will be in
terfered with ms little as possible. The
army marches upon Spanish soil to
build up, not to tear down. All civil
officers Of the Spanish government who
choose to remain in the invaded terri
tory and continue the work of their Of
flee may do so.and will receive pay out
of the public revenue of the country.
There is no law or body of authoritative
rules upon this subject, but the law Of
nature and Of nations and the customs
of war prevail.
In general a victorious army of inva-
sion appropriates all public money and
all movable property and sequcstcrs all
revenue of real property belonging to
the hostile government or nation and
may. by power inherent. suspend,
change or abolish the relations which
arise from the services due, according
to the existing laws Of the invaded
country, from one citizen, subject or
native of the same to another. The per-
mancncy of titles to real estate sequcs-
tered, as we'll as of the changes in legal
relationships is subject to the terms of
the final treaty Of peace.
The Cnmmnndor of q I'nited States
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
Telcphotic Photography.

The great European powers are said
TO be paying particular attention, among
their other war preparations, to tele-
nhotorraphy as a means of getting in
formation both to Notifications and 9TH
cr objects on their frontiers in time Of
peace or of the movements of the enemy
in the event of hostilities.
The telephotic camera has combina-
lion of lenses 50 arranged as to furnish
an image of distant objects magnified in
a manner similar to the image in tel
escope. Experiments have also been
made with long focus lenses and they
have been found we'll adapted for this
nurpose II this branch is developed as
RAPIDLY as has been the case in other
branches of photography, not only will
the intelligence bureaus of war offices
he put in possession OF many interesting
facts, but the readers of illustrated pa
pers and magazines will be given accu-
rate representations of battles as they
appear to observers at close range.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

Grant, but no relation of the great COM
mander. Cincinnati weathered the per-
lis of the war and died as sincerely la
mented as he had lived respected.
General Andrew Jackson was an ar
dent horse lover. and three fine chargers
were always set aside for his use when
he was with the army. Tradition, how
ever, does not say that he favored or
loved any special horse, but 1t does say
that when his men were making forced
marches along the heavy roads he usu-
ally preferred TO leave his saddle and
march With the soldiers. ~ I'll. :.
1t WAS on the back Of Sorrel that
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
Barbed Wire In
War at Santiago.

one Of tho astonishing spectacles OF
the Santiago campaign was the specta-
Gle of American troops charging into
American barbed wire, while from be-
You'd the novel cheVauN de frisc Span
ish artillery and MausGr rifles poured
into our ranks a hail of death. The wire
was a very serious obstruction, but the
soldiers cut it with the nippers provided
them, and the Cubans hacked it down
with their machetcs. Before the Sam
tiago campaign began the government
was appriscu of the barbed wire defenses
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

horse persisted of old age and pneu-
monia in England. The skeleton of this
animal Is set up in the Royal United
Service institution in whitehall yard,
London, and to all visitors 1t is pointed
ont as Marengo, the, charger Napoleon
rodeat the battle of Waterloo.
Generals Robert r.. Lee, Ulysses S.
Grant "Stonewalp' Jackson and Sheri-
dan all brought their favorite chargers
safely through many bloody battles. and
both Generals Lee and Jackson were
outlived by their warehouses;. Cincinnati,
Gentsal Grants most famous stud. was
presented to him by a man also named
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21
LITTLE WAR STORIES.

many tried to bully Spain into selling
the island Of Porto Rico, but desisted
when Secretary Fish told her that the
act would be understood as an "un-
friendly intrusion" into the American
continent.
The Prince Of Naples Is having all the
privates in the garrison at Naples
taught scientific farming This is to
overcome the dislike for farming shown
by the noldiers-even by those who como
from agricultural districts-when dis
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

One warhorae that has made splen-
did record for himself and now has his
virtues, name and noble deeds engraved
on a fitting tombstone was the little
chestnut the great Duke Of wellington
rode at the battle OF Waterloo. Copen-
hagen, named after the capital Of Den
mark, from which country and city he
came, was spirited thoroughbred,
Standing 10 hands high, and 50 600 was
the price paid for him by the duke.
After the Franco-P rus9ian war Ger
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

tox and James rivers and the Confeder-
ate lines. Grant said Butler was bot
tied up" and effectively disposed of,
Mark Twain served for two weeks. in
the Confederate army in Missouri. An
account of his brief military career Ia
thus explained in one of his private let
ters. I'VE never won any victories to
speak Of. We never could get the ene-
my to stay still when we wanted TO
fight and when the enemy felt like
fighting wa we're generally on the
move" M 80
Nine years after the Emperor Napo-
leon died at ST. Helena an old white
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

"Stonewall" Jackson received his death
wound, and the plucky little horse then
passed into the keeping of his masters
father in-law. clergyman. In 1885 he
died death natural to venerable horse
flesh after having seen nearly ten terri
BILE battles, and his body, very skillfully
mounted, now stands in glass case In
the library of the Soldiers home, Vir-
ginia NsN
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

Had it not been for an American fire
engine the entire city of Manila would
have been burned recently. AS it was,
the loss, as reported by Consul Williams
to the state department, was over ST.
900 900.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1898-07-21

Our exports of tobacco to Spain
amoNMst to 20,Oo0,0Oo pounds annu-
ALLYN
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1898-06-20
IkElHART NEWS.

Great Falls. June is.-Archie McIn-
tosh ha. removed with his family to
Barker. whore they will reside through
the summer at least.
Mr.. and Mrs. william HeYernan Of
Monete. Mo-. are the guests OF MI. and
Mrs. Boland. Mrs. HeYernan In the
sister Of her hostess.
]. s. Mclaughlin IN al Boulder Hot
Springs taking a course OF treatment
for the cure VI rheumatism.
Fred Danielson OF the Big Seven mine
is temporarily laid up by a wound on
the head. self inflicted by the slip Of q
pick he was using.
NJ. +. Boland has departed for the
Blackfoot reservation. where he will
prospect through the summer. II he 10
fortunate he intends TO TAX his family
thither.
Frank s. Putnam and J. 8. RAIDER are
two of the latest departures for IN
Montana Klondike on the Biackfoot
They will put In the next three or o IA
months prospecting.
J. E. Collette of Great Falls. Who has
been In the camp for severaI weeks su-
p~srintending the work ~ his claims.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1898-06-20
FORT BENTON NEWS.

Major Luke c. Hays, Indian agent at
the Fort Belknap reservation. Is visit
ing friends in.this town. He says thai
he has about 1900 Indians In his care,
and that many of them are making
good progress owards civilization. The
major is now planning to put In a big
rock n dirt dam across the Milk
river and organize an extensive system
OF irrigation, which will benefit his
wards TO a wonderful degree. The
bitches will water about 5000 acres of
fine agricultural land.
John Gillespie. an employee of the
Great Northern, on the section near
Harlem, has been brought to Fort
enton to be examined as to his sanity.
He has tried to commit suicide and in
other ways has acted strangely, and 1t
was thought best to place him under
restraint for a time at least.
E.. Peppard of Missoula. a bridge
contractor, is examining the bridge over
the Teton, and will start In a few days
at making the necessary repairs.
DIR. and Mrs. c. d.. Crutcher yester-
day celebrated their wedding anniver-
sary by entertaining a small party Of
friends.