davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-03-18
THE MAINE broken IN TWO
GOOD EVIDENCE OF AN EXTERIOR
EXPLOSION.
A Section of the Supposed Mine Al
legged to Have Been Recovered
More News From Havana.

Through the courtesy of Captain
Goodman of the schooner Robert Lew
ers, The Star has received full file
of San Francisco papers from Febru-
airy Goth to March End, inclusive, from
which the following important dis
patches relative to the Maine disaster
are taken.
HAVANA, Cuba, March 1, via Her.
aid dispatch boat Albert f. Dewey
The Names back was broken. The
latest discoveries made by the divers
convince those in charge of the suu-
marine investigation beyond a doubt
that mine rent the United States
battleship asunder. The keel of the
ship has been found in two pieces, the
nearest ends of which are now separ'
ated by distance of from two and a
half to three feet. The sections are
no longer lying in one straight line,
but show the effect of the force cx-
erted from port to starboard.
1t is evident that the discovery f
the present condition of the keel that
the section of the ships bottom found
twenty feet from its natural po-
sition was wrenched from the keel by
the first explosion and driven upward.
The keel itself was forced in the mid
die until it was broken in two, and
then collapsed in two sections. which
fell in the position in which the div
ers found them yesterday.
I am assured by reliable persons, ia
miliar with the results of high eXplo-
sives and with wrecks above and an
der water. that the breaking of the
keel as now disclosed could not pos
sibly have been done by an inside sX'
plosion.
KEY WEST, March lis the key
to the Maine mystery in the hands II
the Naval Board of Inquiry? 1t may
be. in the shape of a battered, two
pound mass of twisted copper and tan
gled wires now secreted in the Govern
ment warehouse back of the Federal
building, where the Board meets.
This is not advanced as a certainty
but the relic is there.
Graphing hooks, searching for the
dead, brought it up from the bottom
where the Maine was sunk, and the
Naval Board thought enough of it tc
bring it on the Mangrove from Hava
ma here.
The copper-like plate is buckled and
twisted as though by giant fingers
and burned as though in furnace.
The wire is so fused and tangled
that it is hard to tell where it ends OF
begins, but it is in short strands, some
of them broken and some fused or
ends and some of them running
through the holes in the plate. Il
looks as though there might originally
have been separate wire through
each hole.
Such, when in working order, is {
circuit closer on big mine.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-03-18
FUTURE LANGUAGES.

Walter Besant thinks that in two OF
three hundred years there will be only
three languags-Englis Russian and
Chinese. The English language will
be spoken all over North and South
America, in Australia, in India, in AT.
RIGA, in New Zealand, and in the Is.
lands of Australasia and the Pacific;
Russian all over Europe except Great
Britain, in Asia except India; Chinese
over the rest of the world.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-03-18
CHIROPODIST.

]. II. Widman, Chiropodist, Office
in Love Building, Fort Street. Office
hours: 0 to IL a. m, and 8 to S
p. m, Sundays excepted. Corns
and bunions cured by new process.
Ingrowing nails speciality. No pain.
One treatment gives instant relief. A
postal card addressed to my residence
will assure an immediate call at your
residence.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-03-18
Wall Paper
Confessions.

That satisfied feeling that
goes with a clean, newly
papered house, is worth
twice it's cost. We have re-
moved the principal obsta-
Gle which stands between
you and New Wall Paper by
cutting the price down to a
minimum. This is an extra
ordinary confession on our
part. The quality of our
stock is unequalled-in va
riety it is matchless.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-03-18
They are
Reliable.

Saturday evening, January 20, a
party of eight left the city for a trip
around the Islands on bicycles. The
list was made up of some of the lead
ing wheels represented here, among
them '97 Overland Special, which Is
handled here by the HONOLULU b.
CYCLE COMPANY. The Overland was
the Only Wheel in the Lot which
made the round trip without trouble
of any kind. OvERLANDS are the
kind of wheels that take you Away
from home and Bring You Back Again.
BY the last Australia we received a
few samples of the '9s OVERLANDS.
They are as much superior to the 's7
product as daylight is superior to
darkness, and are without exception
the most beautiful models, and the
highest grade wheels ever shown here
for anything near the Lrice which we
shall sell them-$65. We defy all COM
petition, even at a much higher fig
ure.
Honolulu Bicycle Go.
Tel. 900. 400 Fort st.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-03-18
Hawaiian
Electric
Com

In the long run, the cheapest and best light
for use In the family residence, is the mean
descent electric light. Safe nothing could
be safer. A few days ago prominent gen.
tleman Of Honolulu came rushing down to
the Office Of the Electric Company and said:
solve me figures for wiring my house, and
want II done at once; no more lamps for me.
Last night lamp tipped over and it came
80 near setting fire to the house and burning
my children and take no more risks"
This Is the sentiment Of quite number in
the past few weeks, who have ordered their
just think it over and make up your mind
that you want the best and safest light; send
for the Hawaiian Electric Company and tell
them what you wall.
We have a complete stock of everything in
this line and have just received q lot Of the
very latest designs IN chandeliers
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-03-18

Put yourself in communication with
the people by advertising in The Star.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-03-03

Send your address to III. E. Bucklen a
Co, Chicago, n get a free sample box OF
DR. Kings New Life Pills. A trial will
convince you of their merits. These pills
are easy In action and are particularly ef-
fective 10 the cure OF consumption and
sick headache. For malaria and liver
troubles they have been proved %invalua-
BILE. They are guaranteed TO be perfectly
free fromlevery oeleterious substance and
to be purely vegetable. They do not weak
en- by their action, but bv giving tone TO
stomach and bowels greatly lDvigorate
the system. Regular size 25c. per box.
Sold by Drew q Leonard, Druggists.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-03-03

syNHE excessive use of tobacco, especially
by young men is always injurious and
\ undoubtedly shortens life materially.
M, Ed. C.. Ebsen, compositor on the Contra
o0sta EeiDs, Martinez, Cal, writes; 81 have
rsed Dr.. Miles Restorative Nervine and re-
cpIyed much benefit from it. | was troubled
With nervousness, dizzy spells and sleepless-
ness caused by the use of tobacco and slim
Tlants, took DR.. Miles Nervine with mar
vlously good results, allaying the dizziness,
mIetlng the nerves, and enabling me to
sleep and rest, proving in my case a very
b~nefcial remedy" DR.. Niles Restorative
Yeryinei is especially adapted TO restoring
tho nervous system 70 its normal condition
nndar such cLrelnalances. u soothes. heals
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-03-03
fast

Lewis Jerd was in town last week buy
ing fur.
The creamery paid 2ic. per pound for
January butter.
Edith Ruiz, who has been dressmaking
in East Brookheld, came home last week.
Herman Flint, who has run the cream
cry the past year, expects to go to Ran
doIyh Center soon to run the creamery
there. He has given good satisfaction
here and we wish him success.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-03-03
wish him success.
Card.
ndersigned, do bereb

We, the undersigned, do hereby agree to
refund the money On a 50-cent bottle OF
Greene's Warranted Syrup OF Tar IL 1t fails
to cure your cough or cold. We also guar
antee a 25-cent bottle to prove satisfactory
or money refunded.
Mann & Allen, Randolph, VT.
Tr, william Bros, Barnard.
c. 4 Black. South Royalton.
G. y. righam & Son, Pittsfeld.
ia hedel & Co., Gaysville.
r. II. MorrIli, PIttstieid, VT.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-03-03

and Strengthens.
Dr.. Niles Remedies
sra sold BY all drug
eists under o positive
guarantee, first bottle
benefits or money Q
funded. Book on dis
eases Of the heart and
nerves free. Address,
DR. NILES MEDICA
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-03-03

To carry the other male part and bear
comparison with Dr.. Clark was not an
easv situation, but Mr.. Charles S. ConaDt
of Concord, N. H., accomplished all that
could reasonably be expected. He has an
easy and sweet tenor voice, particularly
pleasing IN the hioh and soft tones. His
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01
RUN FOR LIFE
Miss Midget Lee Chases Ed Vinnis
With Revolver

Yesterday afternoon about o'clock the
neighborhood Of Douglas and Fourth ave-
nues was awakened from the general
routine of affairs by the quick discharge
of three pistol shots. The negro walters
in the Carey hotel made it convenient to
go to the kitchen while the borders sat
paralyzed with fright in their chairs. The
shots were darts of love. The cupid doing
the shooting was Miss Midget Lee, a
dusky Venus who had or thought she had
been Tilted by her sweetheart. None of
Miss Lees fault.
The Lothario causing the spangs of jeaI-
ousy to arise within the heretofore peace
full breast of Miss Lee was Ed. VENTS
He is constitutionally opposed to work,
unless it is to work some one. For a
while he wSs very successful tn this re-
spect with Miss Lee but for some I'M
known cause she failed to respond to his
.cooings for the filthy lucre and he hunted
up some other girl who appreciated him
more and would give him enough to see
the dice roll on natural" AS soon as
Midget learned that she was to be put in
cold storage she determined to raise the
anti and go him one better She got
gatling gun and started out to find the
faithless Eddie. She found him at the
home of the girl who had gained the af-
fectionS of her dearest sweetheart. He
saw her first and started to run, Miss Lee
firing at him as he ran. Vennis made a
straight away gallop down Fourth avenue
without a break. He turned the corner
and caught his second wind and sped on
with the rapidity of a Johnson or Bat
hume. Coming, with the heavy ordnance,
was Miss Lee, somewhat impeded, per-
haps, with hobbies but going like major
and pulling the trigger of the gun with
every impulse of long pent up anger.
Vennis finally eluded Miss Lee, where
only a few short days ago he had been
won't to meet her. officer Fox at the time
was at dinner but soon appeared on the
scene but both of the parties had taken to
the wood pile and could not be found.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01

gave it out that all of the men appoint
ed should be at the city clerks office this
morning before 10 o'clock and be sworn
He also gave forth the following advice:
These appointments are made with the
understanding that they are subject 20
discharge at any time at the pleasure OF
the mayor and council without preferring
charges.
Mayor Ross also said that il was not
to be turned to political uses and any one
trying to do so would be summarily
bounced from the force
The new city marshal, Mr. Charley NJ
Jones, has lived in this city for the past
twelve years. He came here from Char
lotte. Mich, where he had been for years
in the clothing business. He embarked
in the same line here, the firm being Cole
& Jones. The firm dissolved partnership
IN 49, and later Mr.. Jones retired. When
Governor Morrill, was elected and took
his seat he named Mr.. Jones as president
of the board of police commissioners, but
owing to political wrangles caused by the
prohibitionists Mr.. Jones resigned. He is a
thirty-third degree Mason and one OF the
best known men in the state. He has a
large following of admirers and his ap-
pointment meets with general favor. His
well known executive ability makes him
well qualified for the position which he
will assume today
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01
JONES
Appointed City Marshal By
Mayor Ross,
MITCHELL POLICE JUDGE
Six of the Present Force Are
Retained.
MITCHELL POLICE JUDGE

Charles VI. Jones .. City Marshal
ID, A. Mitchell Police Judge
Policemen-A. G. Burr, James Cairns,
c. T. Davis. George Smith. Park Massey,
Harry Sutton, Lafe Simpson, J. T. Nc
Millen, Sylvester Anderson, G. c. Kensler,
James Oliver. H. c. Reeder, J. W. Dun
bar, James Rice. Grant Knepple, and P.
" Healy
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01
WITHDREW HER ACCOUNT
One Woman Who Did Not Propose to
Paw the Revenue

The Two cent stamps Will have TO be
attached today to all bank checks drawn.
The banks report that fewer checks
were drawn yesterday than is usual,
which shows that the business men are
patriotic, even if they can not go 10 the
front. One woman who had a small ac-
count at the Fourth National bank with
drew her balance. saying that she wasn't
going 10 pay two cents every time she
wanted 70 draw a check. This is the
only case known in the city where &C
counts were withdrawn 70 avoid helping
defray the expense OF the war. Nj. Jobes
of the Bank OF Commerce, said THAI he
did not believe deposits would decrease
S per cent on account Of the revenue i'm
posed. Several parties drew checks yes
terday for larger amounts intending 10
pay cash for small bills where heretofore
they have drawn checks One business
man said yesterday that he knew he
would be worked. When asked how he
explained it this way; Some man viii
come into my store and buy a good bill
OF goods and ask for d check 70 pay for
them. 1 won't have the nerve 10 say
anything about the Two cents revenue
but It VIII be paid BY me because it will
be drawn on my check"
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01
BOOM
BOOM
BOOM
The biggest Cracker Of ne year,

The biggest Cracker Of ne year,
Cannon Ripper. each. &C.
And another loud cracker called Young
America sAlate."a s-ineh cracker. each ic.
And an extra large cracker. 81 inches
long. with a report Loud enough 70 awake
re natives. each loc.
our regular size crackers. packages
only Sc
For the ladies' We would msasion cur
new Ksnnedy's crackers that came IN
today; two new varieties among them.
Butter Scotch" tempting uorsel at so
10. and Noah's Family. Tor the iitas
people. &C 10. Our other varieties 50 well
known are all here
Homegrown late Cherries. fresh. large
and juicy. by the crate. lis.
Order your Fourth ofJuly peanuts Of Us
We roast them fresh every hour: per
10 Zoe.
Just arrived az noon today a shipment
Of Fresh PiHsapplss Frorn Florida These
ara nice ana ripe. each. sc.
Chase & san5orn's Conees and Teas
reach around the world. and their head
quarters on Douglas avenue is our store.
Our Motto: mo Limit and Do
as We Advertise.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01
TOOK MORPHINE
DIR. J. e. ENGLISH OF ANDALE
Commits Suicide BY Taking Dose of
Poison.

Last night DR.. A e. English commit
ted suicide at the Manhattan hotel by
taking morphine. He has been in the
Manhattan house but taking his meals
a some other place. He had been drink
ing rather heavily since here He had
letters on his person addressed to him
at Andale, Kan, and a card indicating
membership in the Knights of Pythias
lodge at COartland, Kan. He was found
about 10 o'clock and a physician called,
hut the poison had already done its work.
AT midnight the corpse was removed to
Dunbar's. He is known to have been
married but his wife is in the east visit
ing. An inquest will be held today
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01
DICK BIVINS KILLED
Shot Twice by Captain Ellis at CIaud,
Texas

Mr.. Andy Payne returned yesterday
from Claud, Texas. where he said there
had been a shooting scrape wherein Dick
Bivins had been killed by Captain Ellis
the trouble arose over a cattle trade.
Both of the men were wealthy cattle
dealers and were wei known all over the
northern part of Texas and Southern Ok
lahoma and Indian Territory. Bivine was
a young man, perhaps not over 30. while
Ellis was creeping onto the afternoon of
life. The revolver carried a IS cartridge
and two bullets penetrated Bivine: One in
the stomach and the other near the heart.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01

Continued on Third Page.)
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01

Mr.. and Mrs Henry Woodoock and
daughter. were here yesterday visiting
with Mr.. Woodcock's parents. Colonel snd
Mrs L. y. Woodcock. They will leave
this morning for their home in Ksr--
City. Miss Ethel Woodeock returning wiki
-leuY for a short visit.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01

Miss Vida HOLSTER left last evening
for Wellington. where she vin visit with
ing she VIII so 10 e. Reno and King
fisher
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01
Chapman
s. Dalker.
Agents.
Summer
Wash Goods

Some of our charming Sum
mer novelties in this line will
enchanct you. They have the
gloss, the freshness and the
beauty of fine finish. neat pat
terms and rare capability of hand
some makeup. They look we'll,
they wear well and the cost is
ridiculously low Just now.
Printed Lawns 3 3-4c a yard.
Good Calicoes 3 Sac a yard.
A big line of Novelty Wash
Goods, Lace Stripes, Grena-
dimes, Lenos, Organizes, etc, DC
q yard.
Fancy Wide Lawns &c yard.
Organdie Applique l0c yard.
&c Oxford Suitings II lie a
yard.
White Dress Duck lie a yard.
Fine Ginghams l0c a yard.
Reduced prices on all cur hne
Wash Goods.
f1Ot Weather
Fixings
Ladies' 45c Silk Mitts, colors
only, 25c a pair.
Ladies' Silk Mitts l9c a pair.
Ladies' Black Silk Mitts 25c
pair.
Tadi.s, prrs Sitlr Gloves pc q
pair.
each.
Ladies' 1sc Ribbed Vests
II lie each.
Ladies' CSC Ribbed Vests Csc
each.
Big line Fancy Ribbons at
TIE, l0c, 25c a yard.
Ladies CSC Wash Ties Sc.
Ladies Fancy Silk Ties l0c.
Ladies' Full Fashioned Hose
II 1-2c a pair.
Children's Fine Ribbed Hose,
blacks and tans, II lie a pair.
Ladies' Wrappers 75c-
Ladies' Shirt Waists 49c, 75c
and 85c.
Ladies' So Mohair Dress Skirts
S1.3S.
AL our Psrasols half price OF
less.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1898-07-01
Today and
Tomorrow

Miss Susie B. Shaw will be at our store
preparing and serving Beardsley'4 special
ties-Shredded Goldfish. Dried Beef, and
other delicious and healthful summer
dishes. Don't fail to visit our store and
sample these goods; while here you may
see something n Groceries, Vegetables or
Choice Fruits that you want. We always
keep everything good TO eat. and sell al
prices that can't be duplicated in the cl,y
here's a few:
10 bars CAirette or White Russian
Soap -.--..-..---...-...-.. .....-..........Z5c
IS bars Standard or Rex Soap........... 25c
Nudavene oats. package. SC
lbs Mocha and Java Coffee.
Complete line Of fresh country vege-
tables.
Best Country Butter. ros..............z5c
Fine Red Salmon. regular size cans Zoe
Best Country Eggs. 3 dozen...........25c
All package Conees. .......... l5c
Fine line Of Teas; all best brands.
Eagle MIX, per can-........-..-.-.......i
California Apr.cots. ro-...........-.......lsc
We have our old neighbours. y. : Cor
bets. celebrated Log CABIN Baking
Powder. and while Miss Shaw IS serving
free lunch We viii be selling
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-08-18
East RrookfeId.

WIN G. Holmes OF Chelsea is spending
his vacation in town.
FsrI Riford of South Randolph Is WORK
ing for j. w. Parmenter.
Mrs. II. A. Fletcher and son, Guy, VS.
tied friends in the northern part OF ene
state last week.
Mrs. Alma Clark of Concord. N: a., Is
sv,snding : vacation with friends in this,
her native place.
Miss Nav Sargent OF North Randolph
.rsnf last week with her grandmother,
Mrs. Mary sargent.
m tn. Wheatley and F. h. wilcox
.-s ENJOYING a trip through the "nite
mountains this week
waldo Perkins. with his wife and son,
a.ssi and Mrs. o. N. Harrington OF Gays
v;IIe. visited friends in town last week.
Nv. Parmenter, L. B. Kibbey, Geo. T.
1s~ell and W. h. Sprague attended tne
Srsio Hood auction in Vershire last sat
urday.
~ richardson was seriously III iast
- mt st this time is Commissioning
~ r. 11annister is driving the stage our
y. ~ Richardson's enforced vacation
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-08-18

Uaysvitfe.
F.v. Hassam is making some repairs on
his grocery.
Mr.. and Mrs. ID. F. Gould were in Pitts
field Saturday.
The Bible meeting will be at J.A.Gould's g
Friday evening.
Mrs. Patterson and son OF Rutland were
in town Sunday.
The turner's in the button shop are out
for a few zxeeks.
Mr.. and Mrs. Drake are spending few
days in Randolph.
Mr.. and Mrs. myron Gay we're at Daniel
Gays day last week.
The rivermen completed work on the
dam and left town Saturday.
Rev. w. Il. Ryder viii preach in the
Universalist church Sunday, Aug. rs.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harrison Richar dson OF
Roxbury are visiting friends in town.
Miss Julana Gay of Randolph is spend :
ing a few weeks with friends in town.
Mrs. Rebecca Wells of Randolph is vis-
iting Mrs. Anna james on Stony Brook.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bert Harrington spent a
few days in Mendon the first OF the week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Andrews and daughter,
Louise, OF Maiden, Mass, visited at DR.. z.
G. Smiths last week.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-08-18


Mrs. Marcus Peck returned from Rut-
land Saturday.
H.H. Fullam has been home for few
days this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Percy Coleman returned to
Providence, r. l., Wednesday.
Mrs. Sarah Freeman has gone to Brain
tree as companion for Mrs. Daniel rage.
Mrs. Cynthia Kibbee is spending two or
three weeks with her sister, Mrs. Gaylord.
Geo. Lyman, son OF Arthur Lyman OF
Rutland, is spending few weeks In town.
The woman's Relief corps had very
pleasant social at Union hall Friday even
ing.
Stagedriver Tucker has the "reins" In
his own hands since buying out Z. L.
Holman.
DIR. and Mrs. Palmer from Norwich
town, Conn, have been visiting irienos
in town recently.
Misses Alice and Mary Gaylord spent
last week visiting their brother IN Waits-
field and friends in Bethel.
Mr.. and Mrs. Coburn OF Springfield, who
have been at VIM. G. Clarks Tor a ieW
days, returned home Tuesday.
Misses Alice and Mary Gaylord visited
their brother, Pearl, in Waitsneio, also
IfltuQ5 III oa1 oNAtA~ .,>~N "
Since Herbert Mason received injuries
bv the kick of horse, he has resorteo 10
clutches for help in getting about.
Misses Ala and Mary McWhorter OF
Barre are spending a few weeks In town
and are boarding at Fred Durkee's.
A marty OF about 20 took drive to Ber.
lin pond Saturday, spending the dag az
that place. They report very pleasant
time.
Miss Bates. daughter OF Joseph Bates, OF
Waltham, Mass, with her friend, Miss
Emerson, visited her aunt, Mrs. Asa
Smith, last week.
Geo. Macomber Of Montpelier, with MS
sister. Miss Mary Macomber, ana MISS
Knapp. who are taking carriage TRIP
through this part OF the state, mace
short Stop in town last week.
ID. c. BagIey, years ago a resident oI
RrookfeId. has come from the West 70
visit friends that be once knew ana 70
look upon the green hills OF Vermont
once more. He is over SO years old.
In the absence Of Mrs. Freeman, who Is
treasurer of the auxiliary OF the woman 8
hoard Of missions of the Second churcn'
fhe ladies are requested to hand their con-
tributions to Miss Mary Upham.