davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28
The subscriptions to this fund up t.
noon were as follows: & .-.
Robbed in Norfolk.

The Norfolk police made what they
consider a fairly good haul THURSDAY
when they landed four men giving their
names as Fren Lehman, Oswego. N. y;
John Freeman, Ccvington. Ky; Tom
Havel, New Haven, Conn, and David
Nash, of Virginia.
The four are charged with going
through the trousers Of John Martin q
Newport News machinlst, While ne
slept in the Murray House, on lower
Church street, Wednesday night, and
making away with s13, all that Martin
possessed.
Lehman slept in the same room an
Martin suspected him, as he was gon,
in the morning. When he was arrested
the others We're with Lehman. VINO Is
said to have had Martins hat on.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28
a BOX tn the Rifles.

Not to be outdnnc by the citizens If
Hampton. several public spirited men
OF Newport News started a movement
yesterday To send the Huntington
Rifles, now in camp at Richmond. a
large box Of provisions and dlinties of
the season, which the boys under can
vas can appreciate after Il week at I'm
Gle Sans mess. "a
The committee soliciting suhscrip-
tons to this box comprises e. w. Mil
stead. Chairman. y. Mcmahon
treasurer, and y. c. Garrett, secre-
tary.
II is the aim of these gentlemen to
fila good sized box With good things
and take it to Richmond tomorrow
morning, thus giving the boys good
layout for the sabbath.
The subscriptions to this fund up to
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28
WAR VI RACE.
Tho Fight for the Office Of Police Just'cc
Promises to be Animated.

There promises to be an animated
f,eht made in the common council
when the matter OF appointing police
Justice Is considered.
Beside Justice j. c. o. Borwn, the
present incumbent, there will be sever
al other candidates in the. field whose
names villa come up before the coun-
Gil, Attorneys E. S. Robinson ana ~.
M. Sturgis both being urged by their
friends to make a fight for the Office
The name most recently mentioned
in connection with the position is that
of Police Commissioner ]. L. Marye,
Jr. The result OF the race wiz be
watched with great interest by the
friends of all the candidates.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28
TITLE BUSINESS TRANSACTED
(Ry Telegraph)

Jew ORLEANS. May 27.-The
ehth days session of the General AS
sebly of the Presbyterian church of
Unlimited States was q quiet one.
e standing committee on the Sab
baS submitted a report setting forth
tnathere is a growing disregard for
ccnf,d alone to the nonChristians.
somef, our people seem to disregard
the laand principle of the Sabbath as
eXpresd in the dialogue and are gov
erned ry often by personal convent
ence al the iterest of worldly gam
ana seEous pleasure.
'Fhe c'mittee advised that the as
sembly u upon our people to use
their utnt personal influence for the
scripturai .servance Of the Sabbath
as the Lofy day The report was
adopted. Aer routine business thf
| assembly to, recess until P. M.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28
Police Court


Justice j. y. q. Brown yesterday
morning gave audience and attended to
the ills OF the following in the Temple
of Justice:
Stella Ashton, colored damsel, whose
fair name was questioned. was re-
Guired to enter into bond in the sum
OF 5000 to be void IL she continues to
live blameless for three months.
Alice Furbush. also colored, was
charged with being disorderly. and for
her frolicksome living she was assess
ed $3.50.
The case against George H. Taylor.
colored, charged with larceny, was con-
tinued until Tuesday next.
H. T. Davis was dismissed on the
charge of larceny 1t was alleged that
Mr.. Davis had stolen $50 in gold but
the charge was not sustained.
e John Pickett and Thomas Clark. col
red, charged with larceny. were dis
r Kissed.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28
BALTIMORE ALL RIGHT.

LONDON. May 27.-The stories clrcI a
mo the baltimore. are evidently
,ro,,ndIess. The dispatch received az
he Spanish capital from Manila appajts
rantlv refers to the alleged disaplemen :
r the Baltimore during the bat.is "
Manila. when Spanish shell s.LuI,s
her and exploded amnau nars rs
niuring eight men on board
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28
PENsIOl7OR MRS. BAGLEY,
(ETelapraO nh

WAsHING1W, D. G., May IL
Representativttroud. of North Caro-
lima. INTRODUCES, bill today granting a
pension Of $40 month to Mrs. Adal-
inc w. Eagiey.- North Carolina.
mother Of EnsisWorth .Ragley, who
was killed in thepmbardn.ent Of Car
denas, Cuba, reilly.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28

THE United Security l.. II and Trus,
Co. Of Philadelphia, recently made q
loan of one hundred and forty-tw'
thousand dollars In Portsmouth, Va. a
big loan for war times However
Ed. NJ Holt, their agent for Newport
News and Hampton, has been instructed
to lend two hundred thousand dollars ~
Newport News and Hampton. at from
10 to per cent. on real estate on lone
or short time and on a safe and definite
contract
IF you want any money at this rate
| or these terms call at 1876 TWenty-sixth
street. between Washington and West
avenues, or write to P. o. Box 40
| New Phone 1919. malt
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28

Floral Designs and Decorations OF all
kinds at short notice furnished at
greenhouse prices. WIN. G. BURGES5.
my 2S-tf.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28
"a Great Deal"

-, folk about the beautiful stray
,ats this season At 49,
VOmble'S. s3ySSasg
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28

M YOU need a Dinner Set. Tea seq
:. Toilet Set I? Only assortmen MT IN sEhsl
inv ADAMS RACKET ST0 FORE
1ny23-tf s .,sss:
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28
Culo,verH

Floral Designs aSDecoratiors Of all
kinds at short nee furnished at
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS M. G, BURGESS.
my 2S-tf. LA .s..
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28

Ice cream freezers to 10 quarts. ic:
water coolers 9 to s gallons. Prices
right Adams Racket Stare.
ma -2O-tf
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28
5SENGER,
al Carpenter,


Desirable residence above the ship
ward for sale at reasonable price;
small cash payment, balance in sinai!
monthly ,nstallments. Money to lend
at per cent. to pay for home on long
ar short time. Houses and lots for
.aale in ell parts of the city. Life and
Arc insurance in the best companies.
Apply to Ed. M. Holt 1875 Twenty
sixth street, p. Q. Box ITO. New phone
1879. n.y.
Two hundred dozen best Mason
= yvrn,t lars. pints, quarts and half gal
/ I'M Inns So ADAMS, RACKET STORE
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28
RITA'S CREW RELEASED.
(By TeleGrapho

CHARLESTON. S. c.. May 27.-or-
ders from the Navy Department for
the release Of the passengers and ere"
Of the Spanish prize Rita, now at I'M
port, were received here today. I'M
Spaniards OF board the steamer cap
tured by the Yale will not be held a
prisoners Of war. The government
viii provide them with transportation
TO New York.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28

Good screen doorhomrlete, 81 90
Adams Racket Stor tt
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28

Patent. wood q stone churns.
s w9Ga wars supplies. AdaHA' Raeks i
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28

Simply more and better for yoaa
money than ever before ut Wooo"ae'
& Womble'8. IL - - --,--a
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28

New line Window Screens and Dcors.
{ IL ADAMS. RACKET STORE. Hy26-tf
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1898-05-28

u. a-.N .ILIC
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
Star POin pr Against Time.

Joliet, ms. Aug IS-star Pointer made
an EFFORT at Ingalls, part today TO lower
the worlds and his own record A fast
track favored him, but cool breeze on
the back stretch was handicap and made
the time, 1881. truly marvellous per
formanee, Promted by runner McClary
warmed the great horse and after step
ping an eighth In fifteen seconds came
back and scored. Fifteen seconds We're
registered as the eighth pole was reach
ed. The quarter was passed in 3O4 SEQ
onds. The pair raced like a team and
reached the half In lOOh. sm the great
horse kept his tremendous burst of
speed. At the three quarters the watches
clicked l;2sX and the great bay came un-
der the wire in l:59lR the most remark
able time ever made by any horse, condi-
ditions considered.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
WHEELER is IN COMMAND
OF the Camp at Moutauk Point
Cheers Given For Col.
Roosevelt.

New York. Aug is-Gen Joseph Vince
Ter tonight took command at Camp
wikofr at Montauk Point. succeeding Gen
Young
The event Of the dya outside OF the ar
rival Of Gen. Wheeler was the discharge
OF the Rough Riders and Col Roosevelt
from the detention camp. There was not
a suspicion OF serious illness among the
men. and ali wero much improved by
their stay In tho camp. Col Roosevelt
has been allowed the freedom Of the camp
since yesterday afternoon and last even-
ing he was In the third house for some
time conferrlng with number OF friends
who made no secret that their mission
was political.
Col Roosevelt said today. when asked
what he thought OF the political situation
after reading the newspapers which be
had been doing with apparent great m-
terest. replied that his lips were sealed
SD far as politics were concerned boy his
uniform while he wore the uniform of
the United States army he could not dis
cuss politics nor personal matters for pub
hcation Col Roosevelt visited the camp
Of the Rough Riders who had remained
IN Florida, while he and the others went
to Santiago. and was received with de-
monstrations of delight.
Col Roosevelt viii leave the camy ON
Saturday for four days visit to New
York
Sergeant Alfred ~ Judson OF the Rough
Riders died today OF typhoid. The body
OF J. Knox Green the Rough Rider who
died and buried since coming to Montauk
Point will be shipped later to Gonzales.
Texas, where his mother resides.
Things are now getting into shape in
the camp. The supplies are arriving rap
idly and in order
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
COnyaIescents .Gtt FurIaughs

Chickamuuga. Ga. Aug IS During
the past day or two, a large number
of patients have been removed from
the regimental hospitals To the stern
berg reserve hospital The work of
furloughiug couyalesoents also con-
tinues at n lively rate. a number of
petitions have been circulated among
the troops at Camp Thomas by pr
Yates who desire to be mustered out
of the service, the purpose, 1t seems
being 10 secure large number of
signers and eeuG the petitions 10 in
huential men to be used in securing
muster out These petitions have re-
suited in arrests in two or three of the
camps.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
HAVANA FEELS GAY.
Food Arrives and the:Theatres
Are Again Opened
JOY Reigns.

Havana Aug iS-At eight o'clock this
morning there arrived from Key West the
schooner Irene with a cargo OF provisions
Last nieht the city was again nluminat-
ed with electric lights. which had been
suspended during the blockade. The Plaz
De Armas and the parks. after a period
OF long obscurity, presented a resplen-
dent scene They were hned with per-
sons Of both sexes The theatcrs we're
fun The arrival OF American steamers
with provisions and malls is awaited with
lnpatience Many soldiers who have
not heard from their relatives for ot
least a month. are anXiously awaiting the
arrival OF the Spanish mail steamers
This morning te American bark Mary
land. arrived with provisions. larg and
noisy crowds Of curious people awaited
the entrance OF the vessel into the port
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
SERIOUS ACCIDENT.
CORNICE CRASHES DOWN on
SEVERAL WORKMEN.

CORNICE CRASHES DOWN on
SEVERAL WORKMEN.
Philadelphia Aug iS-Fpr men were
killed and five others badly injured
this afternoon by the collapse OF a cor
nice on new building IN the course
of erection. The dead
ALBERT GREEN, bricklayer.
UYLE THOMAS. bricklayer.
CHRISTIAN sCHOELTER proprie-
tor OF cigar store nearby.
HARRY EVANS, bricklayer of
Camden. y. J.
Green Lyons were al work on scaf-
fold directly beneath the cornice ana
the others were ON the sidewalk The
.cornice weighed nearly ten tons and in
falling carried the scanold and men to
the street Green and Lyons were in-
stanly killed and some time passed
before they and the others could De
taken from under the debris. School
ter and Evans died IN the hospital.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
OUR LARGE NAVY
What Foreign Papers Say About
Our Having Three Great.
est Battlcships.

London. Aur .. rhe mornlns papers
comment upon the proposed immense m.
crease Of the American navy Tho
standard says
Such a fleet, opa atins from Manila MS
base, would be able TO exercise cousil
cradle influence upon the progress Of
events In Chinese waters and. added tc
the English China squadron and the Jap
anese navy. would make a mighty arma-
ment indeed
The STANDARD suggeets that this consid-
Grafton may give Rnssia "a pause
The Daily Mail says
The new programme is startling ln ts
immensely. The American navy jumps 3D.
fourth place among the wrolds fleet. It
VIII not long remain fourth. nor viii t
be long before the United states will have
O. policy iu china
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
Idaho Republicans.

Boise. Ida. Aug is-rhe republican
state convention today nominated a. j.
Ross for governor. Judge y. W. stand
rod. for supreme Judge w. B Hepburn,
ror congress. J. F Hunt, for lieutenant
governors r. s Bragaw. Tor secretary Of
state. j. a. Van Camp. for auditor.
Frank u Wyman. for attorney general;
Miss Lucy Dean for superintendent 81
ichools j w. stoddard. for nine inspec.
tor
The platform reanirms the endorsement
1f The st. Louis platform The financial
plank says
we heartily endorse the financial policy
of the republican party as the same has
been appHd 20 me management OF the d.
nancial affairs of the government.
Continuing the platform says;
we congratulate ,he nation upon uio
successful issues of the war with Spain.
prosecuted under tbe direction or winIaa
Mckinley cornmauacr-in-chief OF the
army and navy with Ola loyal support n
braye volunteers Of bota land and set
we declare our hearty approval Of ihe
terms dmauded of spain, and We declare
our wil and complete confidence in ths
patriotism and ability OF the republican,
administration to make just and wise
provisions touchiug the government aud
control OF our newly acquired territory as
win best accord with the policy of ohr
government and ths hest interests OF ln
the people.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
SHAFTER 10 LEAVE CUBA
IT Is REPORTED THAT HE DE-
PARTS NEXT SATURDAY.

1T Is REPORTED THAT HE DE-
PARTS NEXT SATURDAY.
Santiago De cuba Aug 1850 p. M.
The Massachusetts aid association
hospital ship Bay state is expected to
arrive tonight from Guantanamo bay
Hospital supplies and nurses are much
needed. Large quantities Of supplies
have already been distributed by Dr
II. g. Brnckett of the aid association
who arrived two weeks ago. An the
hospital ships leaving here are uudcr
orders to return AS the number OF sick
is too large for the present service
The fever is increasing among the D.,
naming troops.
The third regiment OF lmmunes. un-
der command OF Col Ray arrived mere
this afternoon ON the Mlnncwaska
Four thousand Spanish troops have
already ben shipped and the trans
ports Villadonga and Estrada Pauai
viii leave tomorrow with 5000 more.
Sickness is increasing among the
Spanish soldiers
The statement Is made on good auth
ority that Gen Shafter win leave on
Saturday? Gen wood today ordered
dered the sale OF whlskey. beer and
wines stopped everywhere and pro
vidcd severe penalties for infrations or
the rule Restaurant Keepers are
greatly depressed by this order which
confines their sale OF drinks 10 coffee
ana lemonade.
Miss clara Barton ~ the American
Red Cross society with a large force
will leave the first of the ,yeek
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
NOTED PRIZE POTTER DEAD.

New Orleans, Aug. Is Prof. John a.
Duffy the referee OF the Sullivan and
Corbett. Fltzsimmons and Maher. and
many other fierce battles fought IN New
Orleans, died today. lie was clever
light weight ana won several battles un-
til weak lungs forced him 60 abandon
boxing, after which he was referee for
the Olympic club and their organizations.
lie has been aillng for some time. lie
was "a years old
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
WHIIE. m, lsNslsL ls OkIa. Ara.


All my old oustnmers viii
fiud me located at 116 Okla.
homa Avenue; Auderson's block.
l will carry only the best grade
of goods and every piece war
ranted as represented. My
kprices are very low, ~ llity of
foods cons dered l have the
Ergest an6 best selected stock
vi diamonds. watches, clocks.
rut glass, jewelry, silver-plated
fad sol d silverware in Ckla-
lhoma.
$ Diamond mounting, e gray 8
ind fine watch repairing a >peci.
falty.
Don forget the rl1ce ] g
Oklah IA Ave door We tot
tthe Fai dry goods store Wat IL
inspec ort Santa Fr Raj road
WHITE The Jeweler.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
chief signal officer. T.. $. A.
THE UNITED STATES WILL
BE SATISFIED WITH A STATION

London, Aug. l9-The Madrid CORES
pondent of the Standard SAYS;
Spain and her continental patrons stin
duced not 90 take advantage Of the con-
quest Of Manila, but will be satisfied with
coaiing stations trading privileges etc
should the retention OF Manila bc insist.
ed on, the United States may meet more
trouble even than Japan did IN securing
the results of her victory over china aud
at the hands Of the same powers.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
coMMENTs oN 10 -.

Berlin. Aug l9-The Hamburg cor
respondent regards the appointment
OF Col Hay 20 the post OF secretary OF
state Of the United States as OF far
reaching Importance, as Indicating the
sOlidity OF the Anglo-American under
standing and cooperation in the FAR
eastern affairs
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
CENSOh SHIP ~ RAISED.
GENERAL GREELY SO NOTIFIES
THE TELEGRAPH COMPANIES.


THE TELEGRAPH COMPANIES.
New York. Aug ls-Gcn Greedy sent
notification to the telegraph companies as
follows
Censorship raised ON uii commercial
code or cipher dispatches to and from
cuba Porto Rico and an West Indian Is
lands In addition arrangements have
been made with the Spanish government
authorities whereby thy agree to abolish
similar restrictions on code messages In
cuba. As the Spanish stlll exercise CEN
sorship over press messages and over pri-
vate kilograms containing statcmnts in
furious to the interests OF Spain. similar
action will be taken regarding like mes
sages In IN United States but the cnsor-
ship viii D. Of the most liberal character.
\. W. GREELY.
Chief signal officer. T.. $. a"
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
INsURANCE OFFICERs CHOSEN.

Minneapolis, MINI. aug. B.-Richard
D. Cochran. Of New York city. was chos-
en tonight for the presidency Of the Ma
tlonal association of nfa underwriters. ia
session here p. W. Christy. Of Cieva-
land. was reelected secretary for the
third term. El y. Weeks. Of IdtchneId.
Conn. was elected treasurer.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19

In the course OF long and critica
editorial on Brazilian Balm, which
attracting such wide attention at ths
present time, the .AmcJ7oHH Ilad
I9atHaE, of Chicago, says: "Being thor
oughly familiar with the good points o
this excellent household medicine, W,
know that its record shows one long am
unbroken chain of cures from the day ]
ssae placed upon the market, down L
and including the present time, 70,
example. no physician on earth coulc
suggest or prescribe a more potent aut
satisf ctory specific for colds, Group
catarrh. la grippe, asthma, Typhoid a.
scarlet fevers. etc, than is found IN Bra
lillian Balm.
"-f our readers will select such nas
ter medicines as this, we have no dispo
sition 10 question the wisdom OF being
ones own doctor Ia the absence Of Z
worthy IN person, for We know OF maA
cases where it has cured when even this
best physicians failed" ="
Yer sss BY ssstonisn Drug Go.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
CAUSES A BIG STIR
Whole CIVILIZED World Is Now
Talking of the Philip
pine Question.

pine question.
Washington Aus is The war depart.
mert made public today tho dispatch OF
Gen Merritt giving tae ofhcial story Of
Nenuas fam ard also the tex. of the als-
nihcant instructions sent Gen. Merritt
Yesterday requiring me insurgents and
an others to recognize the authority %
the United states 90 the territory occupi.
Cd by our forces These dispatches ven
about the only positive development Of
the day Nothing has been heard from
Gen. Merritt as 70 the casualties last
saturday except that Dee estimated the
killed and wounded AZ nfiy Another
point on which the officials are without
definite Information is as to the extent
of our present authority Ia the Philippines
Under the peace protocol tho Inlted
States was given the occupation OF Manl-
Ia, with the bay and harbor. until per.
i''''''''' w '"e i"'"ppine q'es-
"on was reached. but according TO press
dispatches which are SO clrcumstantaI
as to Doe credhed 90 most official quarters
Gen. Merritt and Admiral Dewey receiv-
ed the capiulauou of the entire phia-
ppIne archipelago. There appears to be
some doubt therefore. even among OFF,
cials, az Go whether our present authority
and Jurisdiction covers Manila only as
provided by the peace protocol. or covers
'll the Philippines AS provided by tho re-
ported terms of capiulaton to Merrittan
Dewey
There ls disposition to await fuller
official Information before laying Down
% policy Secretary Aiger said today that
hc had heard nothing OF the surrender
't ihc entire Philippine group. At tho
same time the secretary did not discredit
tec accuracy of iho press advice stating
thar tho capitulaton had tliis far reach
ing effect Pending more dennit lnrorma-
lion the attitude of officials IN to assume
chat our authority covers Manila city.
Manila bay ana harbor, and also such
other territory ms may hc occupied by tho
military aud naval forces. The latter
phiaFc is elastic enough 20 cover any or
ol of the Philippine islands that may
h1yo been brought under our authority
hy the recent surrender Tho Instructions
srut lo Gen Merritt have lu Wow tha exc
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1898-08-19
BIDS FOR ORDNANCE.
BIG MESSAGES or Destruction
FOR UNCLE SAM.

Washington. AUG. lS-The ordnance bu-
rcau Of the navy department today open
ed bids for a large amount of the heavy
ordnance for wnr ships. The aggregate
of the contracts VIII reach about tG0O)0
These are for east strri shells of the FOL
lowing dimensions ooo thirteen inch. .oOo
twelve inch and Co tru inch also forged
steel shells as follows. 5000 eight inch,
900 six inch 5.o0o four inch and 2Oo0 fon
inch
WIN this Increase Of naval ordnance
the navy viii Doe well supplied with mater
ial n by any chance the present peace
negotiations are not brought 60 success
ful consummatlon. Am Of the leading
steel firms bid in the competition today
al prices somewhat lower than have rul-
ed heretofore.