davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13
Londop Underground RoIIwoy.

Tn designing the new London under. ground railroad, the engineers have hit upon a new scheme which may be adopt ed hereafter on surface roads. There are no grades in the tunnel, but at various points the roadbed itself has been in clined so that it can be used as a brake or as speed accelerator for trains. On each side of each station is a per cent gradient, rising on the approaching side and falling again to the level of the road on the departing side. This unique method gives a retardng effect to all trains ap- preaching the stations equivalent to the application of considerable additional braling power, while materially aiding in the acceleration of all trains as they leave the platform. Furthermore, the saving in power necessary to secure the requisite rapid acceleration is by the adoption of this plan calculated to amount to about 8 per cent. This is a point in modern railway practice which might well be adopted by surface roads. The new London underground follows the line of greatest traffic in the city. 1t runs from Liverpool street due west, un- der Holborn, High Holborn, Oxford street and past Hyde Park far Shepherds Bush.
 the great underground central depot, now in course of construction by the Central London Railway Company, between the Bank of England and the Royal Ex- the London and Northwestern, Midland and London and Southwestern railroads. It is especially at this point in the city that crossing streets is a perilous task. and the railroad company is now engaged in constructing series of subways im- mediately below the surface for the con- venience of pedestrians and as approaches to Its own station below From this cen- tral depot will radiate not less than five underground tunnels, some eighty-five feet below the surface, each feeding a separate and equally populOuS district of the great agglomeration known as Lon-
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

ed by the Mexican cruiser and event ually made their way to America and told their story to the world But they evidently thought Gussmann had been drowned in attempting to swim ashore, for they said nothing about him. He was alone on the reef and remained so until November "A last. when French man-of-war touched at the island.
 Gussmann now has chance to leave, and his three months of solitude had taught him what he would have to pass through in case he remained. But his duty to his employers triumphed, and he chose to stick to the island and look after the property on the reef in
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

taken in chains to Mexican dungeon. And any one who has read about the way political prisoners are treated in tropical American countries knows what that means.
 A Mexican man-of-war took the plucky fellow off the island the other day. but he jumped overheard. swan back, hoisted the American flag again and to date has successfully main tained his position on the island. Sev- eral nations claim the island. While these big ones are battling over the sovereignty of the place number of corporations and capitalists are disput- ing in the courts here the commercial rights of it. For the island is rich in guano deposits.
 Theodore Gussmann. the man who has self marooned himself on Clipperton Island, is doing his level best to hold it for the United States, and incident ally for his employers, the Oceanic Phosphate Company.
 The other day a French man-of-war touched at the island and brought away letters from Gussmann in which he detailed his novel situation. One of them was to Captain Baettge, friend in this city. It was of a business na- ture and dealt with the best way to preserve certain rights in the island. Another letter was to a particular friend, in which the self-marooned man relates the awful lonesomeness of his l position.
 Some idea of this lonesomeness can be obtained from the accompanying pictures which are drawn from pho- tographs taken last year by Newland Baldwin of this city. It was then that Gussmann's story began.
 At this time Gussmann was one of a party sent to Clipperton Island by the Oceanic Phosphate Company on the steamer Navarro. The party remained on the island some weeks putting up buildings and collecting guano and then departed for San Francisco, leav- ing Gussmann and two companions. named Nelson and Smith, behind to take care of the place The title to the land and buildings was given into GusSmann custody.
 A few weeks after the departure of the Navarro the Mexican cruiser Dem ocrata hove in sight and after great difficulty landed a party of marines, who pulled down the American flag flying at the time, hoisted the Mexican colors and took possession of the place. Gussmann and his companions were invited on board the Mexican cruiser and told they must remain. Smith and Nelson, yielding to the seductive in fluences of certain beverages, readily agreed to leave the island. In fact, it Is most likely they were tired of being there. Gussmann, however, demanded to be put back on shore. This was re- fused, and he was ordered to give up the letter and other papers pertaining to the ownership of the island.
 Seeing that argument was useless
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13
NHTIONBL END PRIVATE CONTESTS
 FOR CLIPPERTON ISLHND.

national sovereignty to which Cppeon Island Seawel The who of seventeenth navigator allowed will in court he Phosphate plaintiff seang 70 half and sailed a of vessel eighties the
  by which that it
  United States of America  claimed deposits of deposits
  c defendants this
 
 
  in the
 
 
 
  similar publications island sailing
  any acts c concerning
 
  Photographic Office accepted
  the Oceanic Phosphate %~~ q Q z 2 6 6 2 2 2 Q 6 $
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13
CRITERION ISLAND AS SEEN FROM THE ANCHORAGE OFF TIE REEF

preference to breaking his agreement and going home. Instead he wrote a letter asking to be released from his contract and rescued. It is very like ly that this will be done, as Captain Baettge is making efforts to get a schooner and go down after him.
 In the meantime Gussmann is alone on the reef, hoping and praying for re- lease. Some idea of what. he has to pass through can Je gained from the letter to his friend. This is written in German and is quite long. Whatever it may be in the way of chirography. it is certainly a most graphic descrip- tion of the lonesome days he passes on the reef. Such ordeals have driven many men insane, and it is hoped that Gussmann will live until help comes.
 Days are all alike to me-" he writes in one place. T don't know Sunday from Monday, and sometimes think
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

1t is all a dream that I will wake out of very soon.''
 Gussmann then goes on to describe the way he lives. He says that he wakes about daylight every morning and always thinks it Is the morning before The first thing he does is to go out and look for any signs of a sail or a column of smoke. He always keeps a pile of dried wood handy so that he can light it at a moments mo- tice for a signal. For days he meets disappointment. Then he struggles with himself. All about him the breakers roar and the sea birds scream. He walks about and wonders
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

paratvely speaking the match would represent the average man piece of timber about hrtyve feet long and as thick as his body. That would be considered wonderful feat of strength The fly did his feat, must be remembered. optfonally, and could have
 leased his grasp of the match whenever he became tired obstinate, when the strain his wings became painful Naturally there scarcely be accurate comparison between men and flies: but as far poss
 be the scientist tried subsantiate his very careful observations and computations Indeed in the fly experiment matches together lifted but only fair load was used for purposes of comparison
 Another exhibition Of insect strength by tying piece of cotton of the ys legs This was done without crfppng Mr. Fly the thread loose y tied the bristles the insects leg preventing from
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

washing over the reef, but during the dry season the water and guano simply cook.
 On one side of the reef there is a fiat sand pit a few feet above the ocean, On the opposite there is jagged rock that rises probably 50 feet. The build ings of the phosphate company are on the sand spit, and it is here that Guss- mann makes his home
 On this desolate reef there are only two green things visible. They are palm trees that have been coaxed into existence by guano collectors. To save them it was necessary to plant them in boxes with sides about IS inches high.
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

pieces of lead pencil minus the leads, pivoted by of wires. To this the attached and the tests of strength began He dragged the easily af moments curious investigation. Then matches piled it until there eight. Then the in baked. These eight matches weighed twentyfour times as much as the earwg and their combined length thrtytwo times longer than his. For of comparison a horse be utilized. It is more than doubtful if an ordinary draft animal could carry much proportionaly.
 Then an English penny dropped the bugs and he drew that. To figure how this meant. the expenmenter ascertained that the penny weighed as much eighty-three of the matches As match was four times longer than earwig 1t for of comparison with divide the timber into lengths equal that of horse
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

Besides these two little palms there is not even spear of green on the island. The enemy to vegetation on the reef is the terrible voracious land crab. This creature is very offensive in many ways. It Is little larger than the crabs sold in the San Francisco mar kets, but it has longer and stronger claws and can travel over the land at a lively rate. Nothing eatable escapes its voracious nav if it once gets a hold on it. It devours everything that washes up on the reef except boards and pebbles.
 For companions Gussmann has the myriads of sea birds that swarm over the island and two pigs that were res cued from the wrecked Kinkora.
 Tn the letter to his friend Gussmann makes an attempt to describe his feel ings when he found himself alone on the reef Nelson and Smith were land
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

what to do. Shall he build a raft and attempt to get away? He starts to do so and then changes his mind.
 Many days Gussmann neglects to eat, although there is a plentiful sup ply of food and water on hand. He simply passes his time watching the horizon. Will the day ever end so that tomorrow will bring the hope of seeing a sail on the horizon? It Is all he lives for.
 And so the days pass, each so much like the preceding one that all become intangibly woven together. It is the same surf beating on the same beach and the same sea birds scream mo- notonously. The days go on and tho sun rises and sets, but life is at 8 standstill
 And yet Gussmann bears this be- cause he feels that it is his duty.
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

slipping off
 First the fly tried to raise himself by Tapping his wings, but failed Gradually cutting off cotton till he could raise himself found that string was about twelve long the hy's body Now take sailor of average height and strength, give him a cable sixty feet long and as thick his leg at thickest he lift such immense much less soar through the air with it? Yet that proportion ately is what the fly did.
 These experiments go to show power in moving areas other trials made show weight-lfting ability The match weighed four times much as the insect did and the cotton half much.
 The earwig, of the beetle family, chosen another series of tests After harnessing the bug piece of string a little dray board with the side folded down at right angles
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

supposedly proportionate bulk length cai cuat1on showed that the astounding of 30 solid pieces of timber long as thick himself. would be required the horse attempt duplicate this feat.
 As last experiment the earwig, suspended, held in two Of his feet strip of twenty times longer than himself and fully broad, weighing twelve times much picture of a dozen upheld by of their fellows illustrates approximately the strength employed by the insect
 The rope necessary bind together dozen men for such experiment possible accomplish ment need be counted for the insect lifted heavier pieces of than the referred this exper ment. Moreover there compuson in the matter, the earwg voluntarily sezng the ribbon of paper and holding 1t tenaciously.
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

N N little coral reef far out in the
 Pacific Ocean is man standing
 up for the American flag and the
 interests of his employers. He
 isn't fighting against numbers, Tt he is battling against lonesome ess. heat, privation and the thousand
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

ERHAPS you know far flea can jump and X how similarly equipped with muscular K / strength could leap houses or across wloe rivers. but very few people appreciate the sur
 prsfng strength with which insects or certain E sorts endowed. Pictures will convey the 1oea
 much wildly than descriptions In the ac- Ac9mpanyfng illustrations the powers of three common and familiar insects shown. These pictures are adapted rom the Strand Magazine of London
 The housefy and the earwig were made the suo1ects / of the scientists tests
 The most convincing show fy's strength was made with parlor match MT. Fly lifted easily splinter of wood longer than himself Com
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-13

and one ills that might befall man on a bird-inhabited sandspit in semi tropic seas.
 It requires more pluck to face his sit uation than 1t would to advance into battle For he has soldiers to face, too. He may be snapped up any time and
The Saint Paul globe., 1898-02-15
IRON PIPE TRUST ENJOINED
Circuit Court of Appeals Decides Its
Agreement Violation of the
Sherman Act.

CINCINNATI. O., Feb. 14-The
United States circuit court of appeals
for the Sixth district today decided
the cast-iron pipe trust case. Justice
Harlan and Circuit Judges Taft and
Lurton composed the court Judge
Taft delivered the opinion. The suit
was begun in the United States circuit
court at Chattanooga by bill in equity
filed by the attorney general of the
United States against six cast-iron
pipe companies: The Eddystone COM
pany, of Cincinnati; Dennis Long &
Co, of Louisville; Chattanooga Pipe
Works, of Chattanooga; the South
Pittsburg Pipe Works, of South Pitts
burg, Tenn; the Admission Pipe Works,
of Admission. Ala, and the Howard
Harrison company, Of Bessemer, Ala,
to enjoin them from continuing to do
business under a contract of associa-
ton, which the bill charged was vio-
latton of the federal antitrust act of
1890. The circuit court dismissed the
bill and the United States appealed.
The judgment of the circuit court of
appeals reversed the decree of the cir
cult court, and istructed that court to
enter decree enjoining the six de-
PENDANTS from continuing to do busi-
ness under contract of association from
in any way maintaining the same.
The Saint Paul globe., 1898-02-15
FATAL ELEVATOR ACCIDENTS.
Three Me Killed and One Seriously
Injured In Single Day In
New York

NEW YORK, Feb. 14-Three men
were instantly killed and two injured
one of them so seriously that he will
die, in this city today by accidents in
elevators. Those killed are:
John Degan. a laborer, at the Hotel
Waldorf.
Oscar Westberg, aged twenty four,
assistant janitor of the Walton build
ing, on Fifth avenue.
William Ochs, aged twenty five, a
driver for an express company.
James Foley and Thomas Looney are
the injured. Foley is not likely to re-
cover.
The accident in which Degnan met
his death, and Looney and Foley were
injured, occurred at the Waldorf hotel
The men were taking ashes from the
cellar on a freight elevator, when two
of the four chains on the elevator broke
and the men were thrown to the sub
cellar three stories below.
Westberg met his death in almost
exactly the same way that Mrs. Arthur
c. Levy was killed at the Holland
house yesterday. Westberg was alone
in the car in the Walton building
While making an ascent his head pre-
sumably came in contact with the sec
ond floor. He was thrown to the bot
tom of the elevator, which as it rose
crushed his head against the projecting
floor.
The Saint Paul globe., 1898-02-15
A SMALL CUBA MOUSE
BROUGHT FORTH AFTER SEVERE,
THRoEs IN THE HOUSE
pOrtnnt Proposed Action Based on
Nothing More Startling Than
Request for Information Passed
Without Attempt Mt Amendment.

WASHINGTON, Feb 14-Consider-
able unnecessary excitement was caus-
ed among the members of the house to-
day by the rumor, broadly circulated
before the house convened, that impor
tant action relative to Cuba was to be
taken. 1t turned out TO be simply
resolution Of inquiry, unanimously re-
ported by the foreign affairs committee
last week, calling on the state depart
ment for information to the condition
of the concentrates in Cuba and the
progress made In Spain's effort to in
duce the Cubans to accept autonomy.
The resolution was adopted without
division.
Another resolution was adopted call
ing for the correspondence relating to
the exclusion of our fruits, beef and
hCrses from Germany.
The remainder Ct the day was devoted
to District of Columbia business.
Immediately after the reading Of the
journal, Mr.. Royce (Rep., Ind present
ed the unanimous report of the commit
tee on elections in the case of Wander
bury VS.. Tongue, from the Second Ore
gon district, in favor Of the sitting
member, and 1t was adopted without
division or debate.
Mr. Quigg Rep., n. ", a member Of
the foreign affairs committee. was then
recognized. He first called up the mat
ter of German exclusion.
Mr. Quigg followed this with the Gu
ban resolution. It was the resolution
offered by Mr.. Williams, slightly modi-
fed.
Mr.. Quigg made brief statement,
saying that in December the president
had notified the house that the inde
fensible policy of concentration in
Cuba had been abandoned by Spain, in
Difference to the repeated requests of
our government, and that a more
peaceful and humane policy had been
adopted.
The object of this resolution was sim
ply to ascertain what had been done.
and what steps had been taken looking
to the acceptance of autonomy by the
Cuban people In order TO retain con-
troll of the floor, Mr.. Quigg asked for
the previous question, but yielded five
minutes TO Mr. Dinsmore Dem, Ark),
the senior minority member of the for
eign affairs committee, who said the
resolution had been unanimously re-
ported by the committee.
Mr. Terry eDem., Ark) asked Mr..
Quigg if the committee on foreign af-
fairs had considered the De Lone Incl
dent
That is hardly pertinent inquiry"
replied Mr.. Quigg, blandly.
1T is a pertinent inquiry in the
minds of the American people" ex-
claimed Mr.. Terry, land don't you for
get it,
TT is being considered by the proper
authorities retorted Mr.. Quigg.
Mr.. Quigg responded that this reso-
luton would put the house in complete
possession of the facts.
There was no effort on the part of
The Saint Paul globe., 1898-02-15

WASHINGTON, Feb. 14.-During the
short open session of the senate today
two phases of the Cuban question
were adverted to briefly. The amend
ment of Mr.. Allen (Neb.) to the diplo-
matte and consular appropriation bill,
recognizing the belligerency of the
Cuban insurgents, was reported ad-
versely by the foreign relations COM
mittee, not, as Mr.. Morgan explained,
on the merits of the amendment, but
because the committee did not approve
of .taclzing such legislation to appro-
priation bills.
Mr.. Morgan's resolution. calling upon
the president for theireports of United
State consuls in Cuba and for infor-
nation as to whether any agent of
the autonomous government in Cuba
had been accredited to sithis govern
ment and recognized by III was adopt
ed without dissent. 5
Mr.. Bate CTenn) }, TCwhen the senate
assembled, presented his colleague.
Mr. Turley, and the Ioatf1bof Office was
administered ~ ii
Mr.. Morgan AlaDiPeported adverse
ly from the COMMITTEES on foreign rela-
tions the Allen amendment to the dip
lomatic and consular appropriation
bill.
Mr.. Allen then called up his resolu-
tion relating to the free and unrestrict-
ed coinage of standard silver dollars
without delay and without waiting for
the consent of foreign nations, and
submitted some remarks upon it. Mr.
Allen reviewed at length the currency
legislation of the past and maintained
that silver, as the money Of the con-
stitution ought 20 be received at the
mints on an equality with gold.
Kansas Pacific Question.
At the conclusion of Mr.. Aliens re-
marks, Mr.. Harris (Kas) introduced a
resolution with reference to the latest
phase of the Kansas Pacific sale. He
said, in connection with the resolution,
that the reason for its presentation at
this time was that the attorney gen
eral had informed him less than a
week ago that he proposed to redeem
the first mortgage bonds of the Kansas
Pacific and have receiver appointed
for the road.
I'VE were surprised yesterday" said
Mr. Harris, ito learn that the attorney
general had decided to abandon his ex-
pressed plan of redeeming the first
mortgage bonds of the Kansas Pacific
and having a receiver appointed for
the road. By this deal, if it be true
that 1t has been entered fhto, the gov
The Saint Paul globe., 1898-02-15
.nment would lose ss,s24 JOY interest

ernnent would lose s6,624.1O7 interest
due
The resolution. which had as a pre-
amble press dispatch from st. Louis
ann6uncing the agreement reached by
the government with the reorganiza-
,tion committee, was a general request
for information.
Mr.. Chandler asked that the pream-
bic be stricken out as it was not usual
to include such matter in resolution
of inquiry.
Mr.. Chandler then objected to pres
ent consideration, and the resolution
went over until tomorrow.
Mr.. Morgan, in calling up his reso-
luton requesting the president to fur
nish the senate with information rela-
tive to Cuba, which was adopted with
out objection, said it was his desire
simply to learn what the situation in
Cuba is at the present time.
The senate then, at :25, on motion of
Mr.. Davis, went into executive ses-
sion, and at $40 p. m, adjourned.
The Saint Paul globe., 1898-02-15


suffering little one? Such mothers take
and weakness, but keep on until they drop
They seldom realize how completely their
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poets to be a mother, ought to obtain the
ance of Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription
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Taken early during CESSATION, it makes
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the child in increased constitutional vigor.
It protects the mother against relapse and
improves the quantity and quality of nour-
islhfnent during the nursing period.
every critical stage, and heals the special
designed for this express purpose by an
educated physician and skilled specialist.
Dr.. Pierce has devoted thirty years to this
page book, the Peoples Medical Adviser, "
pay the cost of mailing only. Or, cloth
NJ. D., Buffalo, N. Y.
Mrs.J. B. .Clough, Box 7o3 Lisbon, Grafton Co.
New Hampshire, writes "I am the mother oi
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praise to your Favorite Prescription as it saved
me great deal of suffering. I got along re,
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The Saint Paul globe., 1898-02-15
SPIRITUAL ELEMENT DENIED
Professor of Church History Likely
to He Placed Gn Trial for
HereSy.

NEW ORLANS, La, Feb 14.-Dr
Walter D. Buchanan, moderator of the
New York presbytery, when asked to-
day regarding the rumored likelihood
of the heresy trial of Rev. DR.. Arthur
Cushman McGiffert Washburn, profess
sor of church history in the Union The
ological seminary, said:
II can only say that, if DR.. McGif-
fert's book contains the passage to
which my attention has been directed
or similar passages, it seems to me
clear, beyond all dispute, that he is
without touch with Presbyterianism
as it still exists, despite all later day
efforts to alter it,
DIR. McGiffert, in his History of
Christianity in the Apostolic Age" de-
MES the sacrifcial and spiritual ele-
ments of the Lords supper.