davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald., 1898-12-11
Copyright, 1898.
Her Favorite Residence.

So fond was the late Empress Of Aus
tria of the little island of Corfu that
she engaged the italian architect, Ca
vito, to build for her the beautiful
Villa Achilleion. The island of Corfu is
best known to scholars as Corcyra, and
is supposed to be the Scheria where
Ulysses in his wanderngs found the
blessed Phaeaceans. 1t was on the
shores of Scheria, or Corfu, that
Nausicaa, the most charming maiden
that ever turned her dear fingers to
homely housework, took her fathers
clothes to wash, and escorted the wave
beaten warrior within reach of secur-
ity: it was at Corfu that Ulysses told
some of the biggest lies ever invented.
In more recent times Corfu was known
as Corcyra, and is suspected of having
harbored innumerable pirates. Any
how, it commanded the chief trade
route from Greece to Italy, for in those
days the ships were afraid to trust
themselves too much to the high seas,
and coasted wherever possible. Hence
its Importance during the commercial
conflict between Athens and Corinth.
When Athens, following up the regular
Corinthian trade route, won over Cor
cyra to her own interests, the great
Peloponesian War, which Thucydides
has so miswritten, became inevitable.
The island came under the Roman
sway so early as B. c. 229. The Ro-
mans probably found the pirates there
interfered with the great route that
led to Greece, and therefore blessed 1t
with the Roman peace. Except for one
century, Corfu belonged to the Venet-
ians from 1905 to 1897. From 1907 to
The herald., 1898-12-11

government. These are minor mis-
takes, however. for the articles agreed
upon seem to meet the needs of the
case fairly well on the whole.
Nicaragua has been asked by the
delegates for all documents in its ar
chives relating to the construction Of
an interoceanic canal through its ter
ritory, for the purpose "of investigat-
Ing the reasons why the United States
OF America appears to have decided to
construct the canal" which looks as
though the new republic was prepar-
ing surprise for America when she
gets ready to build the waterway. But
the Nicaragua congress itself has ad-
mitted that the existing contract lasts
until October 0, 1899. and meanwhile
our own congress, which has at large
expense taken preliminary steps toward
acquiring control of the canal, will
doubtless have something to say about
this new move if there is anything back
of it.
In an interview, N. Bolet Peraza, the
official representative of the new re-
public in New York City, outlined the
The herald., 1898-12-11

do much to develop the three states.
the extent Of whose riches can hardly
be exaggerated.
"To aid in this development an in
dustrial. commercial and scientific
museum has recently been established
at Magma. The manufacturers of the
United States are invited to make
permanent exhibits of their goods there
without charge. The advantages Of
this arrangement are manifest. The
exhibit, as l have said, is permanent
1t will save the manufacturer who is
seeking a market for his goods in Cen
trail America the expense of maintain
ing an agent there"
The consul general of Costa Rica
Juan L. Ulloa. in speaking of the new-
ly created republic, said: COSTA Rica
is deeply interested in the outcome Of
the experiment. 1t will be watched
with the greatest interest there, and is
it gives peace and good government TO
the three states, not only Costa Rica,
but Guatemala also will unquestionably
join it.
"The burden Of popular sentiment In
The herald., 1898-12-11
EXPLORER, SOLDIER AND POLITICIAN.
Captain William Astor Chanlers Life Story Does Not Cover
Many Years. but Bristles With Events.

teers, which he proposed to equip and
arm at his own expense. Nothing
daunted when Governor Black declined
to accept his regiment, Mr.. Chanler
quilted New York with few friends
and went to Tampa, intending to join
the staff of Lacret, the Cuban general.
lie was delayed long enough to receive
a commission from the President
which conferred upon him the duties of
assistant adjutant general, with the
rank of captain. He was assigned to
General Wheeler's staff.
Captain Chanler served through the
Santiago campaign, being several
times under fire. and receiving mention
for gallant conduct in action in Cen
eral Wheeler's dispatches to the war
department..
He was honorably discharged from
the army on October 8. Mr. Chanler is
a good-looking young man, with a reso-
lutte, clean-shaven face. He is tall and
slight, with an athletic build. In man.
ner he is frank and straightforward.
He is thoroughly in earnest, and, de-
spite his wealth, has been in every
sense the architect of his own career.
He is modest and is not inclined to talk
unless upon matters with which he is
thoroughly acquainted. 1t would not be
at all improbable if he some time oc-
cupied the chair at Albany so soon to
be filed by Colonel Roosevelt to whom,
despite his Tammany hall affiliations,
he bears in character no slight resem-
blance.
The herald., 1898-12-11
Queer Beliefs About Seven.

numerous are the queer beliefs con>
cerning the number seven that a mar
ration of them all would fill a volume,
but we may mention a few of them.
From the very earliest. ages the seven
great planets were known and ruled
this world and the dwellers in 1t, and
their number entered into every con-
ceivable matter that concerned man.
There are seven days in the week,
"seven holes in the head for the mas
ter stars are seven," seven ages both
for man and the world in which he
lives. There We're seven material
heavens and in the underworld de-
scrbed by Dante, the great Pagan
dead who were not good enough for
heaven or bad enough for hell reposed
in seven-walled and seven-gated city.
There are seven colors in the spec
trum and seven notes in the diatonio
octave and the leading" note of the
scale is the seventh. Be it noted that
the seventh son is not always gifted
with beneficent powers. In Portugal
he is believed to be subject to the pow
ers of darkness and to be compelled
every Saturday evening to assume the
likeness of an ass.
The herald., 1898-12-11

William Astor Chanler, the newly
elected member of Congress from the
fourteenth district of New York, is one
of the most interesting men whom the
recent elections have brought con-
spicuously before the people of the
country
Although Mr.. Chaner is only thirty
one years of age, he is. already well
known as an explorer, as soldier, and
as politician. His father was the late
}. W. Chanler. three times elected to
Congress by the votes of the citizens
of New York. John Jacob Astor was
his great-great-grandfa and he
therefore belongs to one of the most
aristocratic and socially important
families in America.
Young Chanler graduated from Har-
ward in 1887. receiving from the univer-
sity the honorary degree of A. NJ.
When he came of age he undertook
hunting trip to Africa, where he re-
manned for nearly year. In Septem-
ber 1892, he joined Chevalier Won Hoh-
mel, lieutenant in the Austrian navy,
and together they set out with their
caravan from Zanzibar to penetrate
into the interior of Africa. 1t was the
intention of the young explorers to
reach Mount Kenia, near Daitcho,
which lies few miles north of the
equator in q region almost unknown to
white men. For a long time no news
OF the daring Adventures reached the
outside world, and when rumors did
come to the ears of the traders along
the coast they only confirmed the fears
of Mr.. Chanler's friends 1t was report
ed in London that the expedition had
stranded at Daitcho. The Geographical
society of London confirmed the re-
port. Grave fears We're entertained that
Mr.. Chanler would never reach the
coast. But in February of the follow
ing year, after sustaining many hard
ships and being deserted by many of
his followers, the explorer succeeded in
reaching the coast.
The expedition was not without re-
suits. much valuable information was
added to the sum of knowledge of the
interior of Africa. Mr.. Chanler had dis
covered and mapped a region, hitherto
unknown, equal in area to that Of
Portugal.
Mr.. Chanler was made a fellow of the
Royal Geographical Society of England
and a member of the Imperial and
Royal Institute of Vienna, as a recog-
geography. Returning to America he
wrote an exceedingly interesting ac-
count of his adventures in book which
he entitled, Through Jungle and Desert.
This was no small achievement for a
young man just out of college, but Mr.
Chanler did not rest on his laurels.
About two years ago he Joined Tam
many hall. He invaded politics with
the same vigor which had character
lied his movement upon Africa and
with about parallel results. His friends
and his family now believed him lost
indeed, but he soon emerged from the
struggle with new trophies in the shape
of offices and political preferment. His
family and his friends became recon-
ciled to this newest departure of a
young man who need never have dis
tressed himself with anything more
important than the fit of his coat or the
The herald., 1898-12-11

of wars victims into one ghostly army.
they would form a column, 27 abreast.
long enough to clasp the earth at the
equator, with a residue of ten similar
| columns stretching from London.
across Europe to Naples.
If this file were to pass a saluting
point at the rate of one every second.
| night as well as day, the last "shade"
would only become visible in the au-
tumn of 1886.
Two and half million men fell on
Europeans battlefields during the first
half of this century alone; and this
slaughter cost Europe the colossal sum
of S6,S50, 100000. Each victim cost
So, TAO to kill.
A calculation as careful as is possible
places the total cost of war during the
last 5000 years at the appalling sum of
5000, ,000, 600, 600.
All the countries of Europe are
spending on their armies and navies
at the rate of nearly $50 second, or
the almost incredible sum of $4,000, 900
q day,
The herald., 1898-12-11
EFFECT OF
LiID|TE Shell,
Terrible Havoc Wrought by
the New Explosive in
the SOudan.

The English force in the Soudan has
had an opportunity to fully demon
strate the usefulness of the new Lyd-
dite shells. They have left their mark
all over the Soudan. The accompany
ing Illustration shows the terrific power
of one of these projectiles. 1t is
stretch of wall that surrounds the
Mahdi's tomb at Omdurman, and it is
a suggestive memento of the success
full campaign. The wall is some twenty
feet high and six feet thick. The hole
cut by the shells will admit of a man
easily passing through it. Needless to
say, the natives have acquired an inn
mense respect for an invention of such
devilish power.
The herald., 1898-12-11
mas for years been in this di-

, the state has for years been in this di-
rection.
1.-THE benefits of a union would be
many. Guatemala, with her northern
boundary line open to dispute with
Mexico, in particular would profit by a
closer alliance with her sister states.
1T has only the fear of becoming in
volved that kept Costa Rica from join
| ing the federation.
I'VE want to be sure that it will con-
| tinue before step so radical is talk
en-"
In speaking of the canal Mr.. Ulloa
said:
'It is always called the Nicaragua
| canal, when as a matter of fact, it will
pass in part through Costa Rican ter
| ritory.
by the terms of the last treaty en-
tered into by Nicaragua and Costa Rica
the former country can take no decis-
| i've steps in the matter without first
gaining the consent of Costa Rica.
"The position held by Costa Rica, in
| fact, is such that she can block any
| move she does not approve of, but she
desires the canal; the state of Central
America are unit in that"
/ Politics Of an extremely lively brand
have always fiourished in Central
America. They have cursed the coun-
! try with a deadly Industrial stupor.
=, Emigration and capital have gone else
where.
| Central America was conquered by
the Spaniards before 1924, and it was
erected into captain generalship by
Charles V. in 1927. The policy adopted
by Spain toward her colonies was unin
| tentionally beneficial. Being only a
captain generalship the scale of public
expenditure was kept down in Difference
to the higher pretensions of the Span
| ish viceroyalists, and as its financial
needs We're few, taxation pressed light
| ly upon the people. The revolution
came in 1921, when Central America
was declared independent. 1t was in
corporated with Mexico which had
just thrown off the Spanish yoke, but
on the fall of Iturbide it ceded from
that republic and formed itself into 4
separate independent government Mo-
vember %, 1928, under the same title
| that it has just assumed.
| In the early part of 1888 civil war
broke out between the Indians and the
whites and on the oath of February the
| city of Guatemala was attacked and
captured by the insurgents under Cen
| eral Carrera-a pure -blooded Indian
The existing government was destroyed
| and Carrera ultimately succeeded to
the presidency, which he retained until
The herald., 1898-12-11

the dissolution of the confederacy in
1916. The dissolution was preceded by
a long period of anarchy and bad feel
ing among the several states, which,
though not officially, had been virtu-
ally dissolved since 1899.
Carrera dealt the death blow to the
confederacy by an actual declaration in
1876, but at the same time he stated
that it was not impossible that at some
future day and under more favorable
auspices a new alliance would be de-
terinined upon, prophecy that has
been fulfilled. VAUGHAN KESTER.
Copyright, 1898, by John Brisben Walker.
The herald., 1898-12-11

exact purposes Of the federation. Said
he: 1.-THE existence of the three states
has always been a menace to the peace
of Central America; uninterrupted
friendly relations between them was
almost impossible.
with a firm and stable government
we hope to attract emigration. 1t is
probable that eventually Guatemala
and Costa Rica will come into the fed
Grafton. This would greatly benefit the
former country, as it's boundary line
disputes with Mexico may any day lead
to serious complications.
"The republic is friendly to the canal
There is every reason why it should be,
for if it is built it will unquestionably
The herald., 1898-12-11

or the states in the alliance, Saliva
dor. with an area of 1925 square miles
and population of some S03, 500, is the
smallest in point of territory, but has
the greatest population.
Nicaragua, with $500 square miles,
has 100000 inhabitants, and combines
the smallest population with the great
est area; while Honduras has $4,000
square miles and a population Of 1885,
600. Thus the newly created republic
will have an area of 99,425 square miles.
a territory rather larger than that of
Indiana and Illinois together The to-
tai population will be 1.52657S, or more
Jersey.
The herald., 1898-12-11

government, having it's headquarters at
Amapala.
On November 1, 1898, the name was
changed to "The United States Of Cen
trail America" and the capital moved
to Chinandega.
The work Of organizing the confed-
eracy has been going forward actively
since 1896. This work has been done
by delegates from three states.
According to the constitution of the
new republic the death penalty is for
ever done away with within it's bor-
ders, the freedom of the press is re-
stricted; so is that of the Individual
when it comes to the expressing Of an
opinion in any way derogatory to the
The herald., 1898-12-11

Costa Rica and Guatemala have a COM
bined area about equal to that of the
new republic. and a population of 1,6S1,-
447. They may yet be drawn into the
federation.
The combination has been under con-
sideration for years, but it was not un-
til September, 1896, that the republic
was actually formed.
1t was first established by treaty un-
der the name of THE Greater Republic
of Central America" one delegate from
each state constituting provisional
The herald., 1898-12-11
BOOMING THE NEW SSTERHOOD Of STATES
Permanent Exhibit of American Manufactures Is to Be
Opened in Magma to Push American Trade in the
New Republic and Draw Emigration.

Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua,
the three states that form the New
United States of Central America, will,
In December, elect their first president
by the direct vote of the people. In
March he will take the oath of office.
Two Central American states, Costa
Rica and Guatemala, which were invit-
ed to join the league, have remained
outside the fold, but will watch this
latest experiment in the lively land of
earthquakes, volcanoes and revolutions,
with interest.
The herald., 1898-12-11
WAR COSTS $50 A SECOND.
At Least That Is the Price Europe
Paws For Armed Peace.

It is estimated that since the days of
the Trojan war no fewer than 1,2O0, ,0O0,-
600 men have been sacrificed on the al
tar of the god of war. If it were pos
sibIe to gather together these millions
The herald., 1898-12-11

1914 it was occupied by the French, and
from 1915 to 1863 it formed one of the
seven-island Ionian league urde- a
British lord high commissioner. In 10
vember 1868, it was Incorporated in the
Kingdom of Greece, a magnanimous
concession to, the demands of the phil
hellenic islanders. The villa of the en-
press lies to the south of the capital
amid beautiful scenery, and is reached
by road passing through a gorge.
The herald., 1898-12-11

color of his tie. Then the war with
Spain became the vital issue of the
hour, and Mr.. Chanler rose to the op-
portunity as trout to a well-baited
hook. He was one of the first to offer
his services to the country. AS soon
as it seemed likely that the government
would issue a call for troops, he set
about recruiting regiment of volun-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-11-17
SMELLING THE BUTTER.
How the Experts at the Butter Ex-
hibit Tell That It is Good.

With butter to the right of them, but
ter to the left of them and butter IN
front of them, J. E. Brady of Kansas
City and Chas. A. Sweet of st. Louis
stand with long dagger-hke instruments
in their hands and view the array OF
butter that they are to test.
It's a fair contest between the drk1nS
and every tub rust stand on its own
bottom. They are all numbered but
otherwise a visitor might say, "all tubs
look alike to me" The f1rkins are of the
white pine variety and look as clean as
a newly scrubbed kitchen floor. They
stand around the walls of the room at
629 Kansas avenue and with the 175 in
all there is enough butter to last a
Topeka family from now till long after
Thanksgiving and then some.
The butter comes from all over kan
sas and is entered in competition for
prizes for highest scores. The first prize
is a $50 gold medal. The judges start at
tub No. 1 and test each one, giving the
score for flavor, grain, color, salt and
style of package. The flavor counts
45 when perfect, grain 25, color Is, salt
10 and style of package s. When tub
of butter is lacking in some quality it
is scored minus so much for that par
ticular per cent and the total is given.
In judging the butter Mr.. Sweet uses
a long tester which is half round and
hollow. He stabs this into the innocent
tub of butter, turns 1t around and draws
it out with a. circular cut of butter the
length of the tub from top to bottom
sticking to it. He looks at it.
-(TOOQ Color, ne REMARKS, anu MI.
Brady agrees with him. That tub of
butter gets Is on color.
When the next tub is opened the cloth
around the butter does not look as if it
had been through the laundry before
it was used and that tub loses a point
or two on style of package.
The next tub looks as the COWS had
fed on nothing but bUttercups and that
receives Is on color. Mr.. Sweet passes
the long core of butter under his nose.
He shifts it.
Flat as a founder he remarks and
Brady takes a Whit
Five points off on favor says
Brady and down goes 40 on the score
card.
"W-h-e-w.'' exclaims Sweet when he
smells the next. Too much flavor"
and that one loses ten for being strong.
does not come near perfect. The next
is too salty and with very few
samples of butter coming up to the
standard that causes the judges to say
perfect and most of the butter is good
enough for hungry person to eat and
that's about as good as is needed even
if it be little pale.
In Representative hall the butter
makers are discussing how to feed COWS
il order to get the most butter and how
to make the best butter
In speaking of the dairy industry in
Kansas Mr.. G. F. Mayer said: For
years New York butter was the stan
dard but at the Centennial in 1876 the
prize for the best butter was awarded
to Iowa and since then the industry
has Travelled west until the butter made
in Kansas is shipped to all parts of the
world
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-11-17
AN ARSENAL
BLOWN UP.
At CayO del TOrO by officers of
the Glacier
Who Were Making a Raid to
Capture Cannon.
FOR SECRETARY LONG.
A Corporal of the Third I'm
munes Caught Stealing.
Loss of $1,000 in Government
Supplies Traced to Him.

Santiago de Cuba, Nov. 17.-Col Ray,
the American commander at Guantan-
amo, reports from that place that he
heard that the United States govern
ment ship Glacier, had landed a number
of men at the port of Cayo del TOrO,
ana had taken possession of the two I'm
est pieces OF bronze cannon there. 1t
was added that the men on the Glacier
mad also accidentally blown up the ar
senal.
Immediately hearing on these reports
Col. Ray went to Caimanera in order to
investigate the matter. There he saw
capt. Norman and the officers Of the
ship who positively denied knowing
anything regarding the cannon. Col.
Ray, however, said he had obtained his
information from reliable source, the
British consul being his informant,
WhereupOn Capt. Norman admitted TAX
ing the guns and said he took them for
the secretary of the navy. The captain
refused to furnish any further infOrma-
ton on the subject and consequently it
is not known whether he acted under
orders from the secretary of the navy,
or is merely making the secretary a
private present.
Three similar guns have been asked
for by the navy department, as orna-
ments for Annapolis and the war Office
granted the permission necessary. Capt.
Chester of the Cincinnati will ship them
north at the first opportunity.
Col Ray was at first inclined to de-
mand the immediate return of the guns
from the Glacier, but he decided to
await instructions on the subject.
A corporal of the Third immune reg
iment at Guantanamo who was detain-
ed to assist in the free ration distribu-
ton has been discovered in cooperation
with some merchants of the town to
have been swindling the government.
Large supplies of bacon and meat were
found tC have disappeared and caused
Col. Ray to investigate the matter. He
discovered a, big shortage, the money
value being over 81, 900 and traced the
affair to the corporal and three mer-
chants. who were acting with him. They
are all under arrest.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-11-17
AS TO THE WATERWORKS.
No Further Action Has Been Taken
Since the Election.

The city council has taken no action
on the waterwOrks question since the
election nor has the matter been formal
~ discussed. The vote will be canvassed
Friday evening and then it can be said
that the waterwOrIxs proposition has
been legally adopted and the city is
ready to make its first move.
What this first move will be is sinp-
~ a, matter of conjecture. City AttOr-
ney Bird is waiting for instructions and
he will do whatever the council may di-
rect. Some of the members are not in
favor of paying any attention to the
present company and others want to
make Overtures preliminary to a pur-
chase of the plant.
Councilman James Warner who is
one of the leading members of the city
council, said today: TT goes without
saying that the thing to do is to buy
the old waterworks if the company will
sell at a reasonable price but I am not
in favor of going to them. Let them
come to US If they have any PROPOSE
ton to make and we will consider it.
1t is a fact that If the old works are
purchased the large main leading from
the pumping station to the city will
have to be replaced because it is too
small and other mains will also have to
be taken up and large ones put in at
once in order to furnish all the water
the city requires