davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05
Police Court Notes.

There were twenty eight cases
on the Police Court calendar Ibis
forenoon. Only three went over
to other dates. The remainder
were all disposed of. Among the
most importance were the follow
ing: All Man, larceny in the sec
ond degree, 10 days; All Yok,
having che ia tickets in posses
sion, 500 and costs; All Mung
bribery, sentence suspended six
months; All Poon, leaving horse
united on the street, So and costs
Wong Man, larceny in the second
degree, one year.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE
For additional Shipping News see seventh page.

Diamond Head Signal Station, Dec
3, ] p m-Weather clear, wind light
Weather Bureau, Punahou, Dec 5.
-Temperature--Morning minimum,
Sc; Midday maximum, so.
Barometer, cam, 1912. Rainfall,
do, 900 In.
Humidity at 8 a m 729 per cent.
ARRIVALS.
Saturday, Dec 8.
Stmr Noeau, Petersen, from
Hawaii ports.
Stmr Kinau, Clarke, from Hawaii
and Maui ports.
Sunday, Dec 4.
Stmr w G Hall, Haglund, from
Kauai ports.
Stmr Kilohana, Bruhn, from Ma
kaweli.
Stmr Claudine, Cameron, from Ma
nj ports
Gasoline schr Malolo, Sass, from
| fishing cruise.
p Al S S City Of Picking, Smith,
from China and Japan.
Br blk Woolahra, Barneson, from
Newcastle.
Monday, Dec 5.
Stmr Hawaii, Macdonald, from Ha-
wall.
DEPARTURES.
Sunday, Dec 4.
PMS S City Of Picking, Smith, for
San Fran cisco.
Monday, Dec =.
Stmr James Makee, Tullett, for
Kapaa at 4 p III.
Stmr Mikahala, Thompson, for Ma
kaweli Waimea and Kekaha at 5
m.
Stmr Lehua, Bennett, for Molokai
and Lanai at 5 pm.
VESSELS LEAVING TOMORROW.
Stmr Kinau, Clarke, for Maui and
Hawaii ports at 10 a m.
Stmr Noeau, Petersen, for Homo
kaa and Kukuihaele at 2 pm.
Stmr kilohana, Bruhn, for Lahai-
ma at 4 pm.
Stmr Claudine, Cameron, for Maui
ports, at p m.
Stmr w G Hall, Haglund, for Ma
wiliwili, Hanamaulu, KolOa, Eleele
and Hanapepe At 5 m.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05
WAN TED.

A tract Of land OF say 1900 acres, on
the Island OF Oahu; well watered or that
can be furnished by artesian borings.
Any one that can furnish such tract
can secure favorable long lease, or il
preferred the undersigned is willing to
purchase outright.
Address 1873,
Bulletin Office.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05

James f. Morgan held land
sale for S. l.. Kekumano, guard
ian, by judicial authority, Satur-
day. A third interest in property
at Kane kela, Honolulu, was
knocked down to w. G. Achi for
$500, and a third interest in Molo.
kai land to W. l.. Wilcox for
5000.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05

No sales reported on change
today. sll2l bid for American
Sugar Co. paid up. EVA, $24u
bid $3.50 asked, Hawaiian Sugar
Co. Sl50 bid Sl55 asked. Homo.
kaa, $40 asked, Kahuku Sill
bid, Kipahulu sos bid. Oahu
Assessable 80 asked. Oahu pLid
up $40 bid, Sl47l asked; Ookala
Sl025 bid Sll0 asked. Olowalu
$3.50 asked, Waimaneio $40
asked.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05

In hard fought football game
between the st. Louis and High
School teams Saturday afternoon,
the latter won by score of 4 to O.
Some excellent work was done.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05

WE WANT YOU TO HAVE West Dslnteetlng
w Machine nut in yosr closet or cesspool, ana
save SICKNESS California Feed Co, Agents. 1000 I'm
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05

THE PUBLIC TO KNOW that the ST. Louis Col
lege. St Andrews Priory, Oahu Prison. Oahu
Insane Asylum and other public institutions use
Chloro- NaPthOlcum with great success California
Feed Co., Agents. Io6o-Im
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05
PREPARATIONS G'F Great Sale q, Temple S,;5" of ;ts;i,!!
WANTS..

A-dJ,. in this column J0iH be inserted At iS cents
W. a line first insertion; TO cents second in's,.
ron: 10 cents tUeek and 50 cents month rps q zee
cheapest advertising offered tie people OF HonoiHH.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05
WANTED.

\AJANTED-h NURSE to care for CHILDREN on
w trip to Australia or through to England An
elderly woman preferred. Address n, Bulletin Office
Io92-tf
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05

A N experienced white COOK WANTS POSITION
- in private family Address Nv" Bulletin Office
7to King street. 1850
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05

\AIANTED-ALL AMERICAN CITIZENS. whether
w living here permanently or stopping here tenn
porariy, to go to the Office of DR.. W. s. Nobu
S TO az coNR 2s s SfSSs Rd nd
further importation of Contract Labor to the Hawaiian
Islands. Hours to5p m. Io77-f
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05

The Weather Bureau reports
the barometer falling, which
means possible southerly winds or
storm.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05

\AIAN1 ED-Several SMALL BOYS. Apply at
w Honolulu Messenger Service corner King and
Alakea streets to67-u
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05
Notice.

Christmas Day December %, lS9S) +,
and New Years Day January |, 1890,
falling on Sunday, Monday, December
20, 1898, and Monday, January 2, 1899 +,
will be observed as National Holidays
and all Government Offices throughout
the Islands will be closed on those days.
j. A. KING,
Minister OF the Interior.
Interior Office, Dec. 3, 1898.
l0S4-3t
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05

AIANTED-soo Men to get Shaved for IS cents at
w 6Ioh Fort street. opposite the Club Stables.
toSt-u n. JEFFS, Proprietor.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05

Coptic from San Francisco off
Koko at 2:30.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1898-12-05
BY AUTHORITY.
Notice.

Philip l.. Weaver has this day been
appointed a Notary Public for the First
Judicial Circuit OF the Hawaiian Islands.
J. A. KING,
Minister OF the Interior.
Interior Office, Dec. End, 1898.
l0S4-3t
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1898-12-24
OUR CHURCHES.

Meeting of Christian Scientists every
Sunday at IL O'Clock in the small K. of
P. Hall, in the Vogt building. All are
invited to be present.
Congi egational church, corner Fifth
and Court streets, A. v. Polling, pastor.
Services at IL a. m. and z: 80 p. m. Sum
day school at 12:15. Junior Endeavor
3 80. Christian Endeavor, 6 80.
Christian church, Ninth and Court
streets, Rev, Boltz pastor-Services
tomorrow as usual. Sunday School at
9 40 in the morning. Morning SER
vice at IL; evening service $50.
Methodist church, corner Fifth and
Washington streets, j. H. Wood pastor
Glass meeting in the morning at 10.
Services at IL a. M, and at $50 in the
evening. Sunday school at II 20. Junior
League at 8 80 p. m. Epworth League
at 80.
Lutheran church-Services at in the
morning; regular service at IL o'clock,
followed by communion. Special Christ
mas music. No Sunday school tomorrow.
In the evening appropriate exercises and
Christmas tree. The singing will be
augmented with music by the choir and
male quartet. Ali are invited to the
days services.
st. Paul's Episcopal church, Joseph
De Forest, rector. Holy Communion,
8 a. M, except first Sunday in month,
Morning prayer and sermon. IL a. M. !;
evening prayer and sermon, 80 p. m. !;
Sunday school at 1915 p. M: Friday
evening service, 7:30. The following
will be the order of the morning service ::
Professional hymn, No. 51-"Hark! The
Herald Angels Sing ..............M .Mendelssohn
Venite-"O Come Let us Sing" No. L.. .Danks
Gloria-"Glory be 70 the Father" No. Is. .Danks
Te Deum-"We Praise Thee, God"......
Jubilate-"O be Joyful" No. 3............ Danks
Hymn-S"O Come, All ye Faithful No. So.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Adeste F1deles
Kyrie Elieson-"Lord, Have Mercy Upon
us" ---...-..-.--.-.-----....-I banks
Gloria tibi-"Glory be to Thee" No. 41O. ........
Hymn-s'o Little Town of Bethlehem" No. IS
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. Phillips Brooks
Sermon. :.......-...... Joseph DeForrest
Offertory Anthem-'There Were Shepherds"
-.-...-.-- Fontlus
sanctus-''Holy, Holy, Holy" No. AL. ..... Ely
Gloria in Excelsis (old chant), No. 451. .......
Recessional, (organ) "Sancta Maria" Meyerbeer
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1898-12-24
WISE AND OTHERWISE.

Freas Saunders has purchased the
wood business of j. T. Reynolds in this
city. Those desiring good wood will find
him by ringing up phone number II.
You can get all kinds of picture mold
ing and mating in the different shades
at Michell's Office, ON the corner of Third
and Washington. 22-3t
At Keller's, gum drops, 5 cents per
pound; Jumps and drops, cents; fancy
mixed candy, 121a cents daisy mixed,
121a cents; Christmas mixed 10 cents.
Other candies and nuts in proportion.
Don't forget that Garretson, the re-
liable jeweler, has desirable line of
fine jewelry suitable for Xmas presents,
at 25 per cent cut below regular prices.
Call and see them for yourself.
This week special doll sale. china dolls
3-4-7-9-14 cents; kid body dolls, 10-14-
a 80 cents; dressed dolls, 4-17-24-49
cents. Big reduction on our whole holi-
day line most complete in this city.
Jacobsen Book & Music Co.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1898-12-24
Telephone No. 1.
wAYsIDE oLEANINcs.

THE CHRONICLE
Wishes its many readers
A right "Merry Christmas"
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1898-12-24
K1ndergartners Enjoy Themselves.

Y No company of children in the city
understands the art of enjoying them
selves better than those of the Kin
dergarten school. this Christmas
their teacher, Miss Taylor, secured a
tree for them and left it's arrangement
to the Kindergartners, who fixed it up
to suit themselves and placed thereon
gifts for mamma and papa, which they
had made. Yesterday afternoon the
children and parents gathered at their
school room in the Baptist church, and
after kindergarten exercises by the
pupils and singing by Mrs. Woodwork,
the little presents were distributed.
Then to the surprise of the children a
tree was displayed, which the teacher
had arranged for them, and each little
one received a book from her, and bag
of candy and nuts, and Miss Taylor ex.
planned to them that Mr.. J. G. Hos
teller was the Santa Claus, who had
brought the latter to them. The idea
of Santa Claus is not overthrow, but
they are Taught that they too may be a
little Santa Claus, which helps them to
be generous and loving.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1898-12-24
cHRIsTMAsTI0E.
Let 1t Be a Merry. Not a Burdensome
One.

To most of US it seems but yesterday
since we were celebrating the glorious
Christmas tide, and yet tits but the night
before Christmas and tomorrow we
again enjoy its cheer, for it should be
the happiest day of all the year.
If to some it seems a burden it is be-
cause they themselves have made it 80,
and instead of making it time for gifts
of love, they have changed it into day
for the display of costly presents, and
therefore for weeks previous to its arri-
val rack their brains in the endeavor to
find something which will be expensive
enough to offer as Christmas gift, for
getting that the smallest remembrance
is fully as adequate to express the love
which prompts the giver. The same
spirit is displayed in remembering the
little ones on this occasion, until they
are so loaded down with toys. etc., that
the real pleasure is lost.
Were the articles less plentiful the en-
joyment of those received would be the
more noticeable. Even the little ones
appreciate the fact that it is more bless
ed to give than to receive, and they are
never too young to be taught taught
this truth, which it is to be hoped that
the older children have so thoroughly
learned that not needy one in our city
will be overlooked tomorrow, and there
fore all will have merry Christmas.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1898-12-24

drees was a dark one, but in her hands
and on her breast were placed some
white chrysanthemums which had
thoughtfully been sent out by Mr.. Buch-
Ter. Mr.. Gardner who was removed to
Dufur, is getting along remarkably well
and will no doubt recover.
Postmaster Croasman having been re-
quested, in the interest of relatives and
friends of soldiers in the Philippines, to
furnish the Oregonians with dates on
which steamers carrying mail for Manila
will sail, and the hour and date on
which mails " i'll close at the postofice
here, in order to catch such steamers,
the following in renard to this matter
was furnished by Chief ClerkC Cotterman,
of the railway mail service: A steamer
will leave Vancouver, B. c., carrying
mail for Manila, January I'd. Mails to
go by her will leave here at 10 10 p. M,
December 29th. The next steamer to
carry Manila mail will leave San Fran
cisco January 9TH, mail to connect with
which will leave here on January 9Th,
at p.m.-OregonIan
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1898-12-24
Advertised Letters.

Following is the list of letters remain
ing in the postoffice at The Dalles un-
called for December, "a, 1898. Persons
calling for the same will give date on
which they were advertised:
Bools, Geo, Gamble, VIM,
Davis, E. Emley, Jasper,
Ginger. A B, Gorden, Mable,
Gasnam, Nalla, Hugmine, A,
Howe, Frank, Holway,H,
Johnson, Anna, Johns, M B,
Miller, James, HcKalvy, D,
Smith, Clate, Smith, A,
Thompson, Will, Wilson, Harry,
Summers, Frank E,
J. A. CRossEN, P. NJ.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1898-12-24
For Sale orTrnha.

One hundred and sixty acres, good
fruit and dairy farm in Klickitat county,
two miles from Rufus, for sale or trade
for city property. See Dad Butts.
1885,
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1898-12-24
To Cura a Cola in On

To Cure Cold in One Day.
Take Laxative Bromo Quinine Tab
lets. All druggists refund the money if
it fails to cure. 25c.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1898-12-24
BuokIen's Arnlca saIve.

buCkIon'B ArnIC0 bAlV0s
The best salve in the word for cuts,
bruises, sores, ulcers, salt rheum, feveI
sores, letter, chapped hands, chilblains,
corns, and all skin eruptions, and posi-
lively cul es piles, or no pay required
It is guaranteed to give perfect satisfac-
ton. or money refunded. Price % cents
per box. For sale by Blakeley and
Houghton. druggists.
The Van Buren press., 1898-12-17
., Dn cure nausea, indigestion,
k1OOQ , FiitS bliousness. Price 25c.
Hood Sarsaparilla and Pills for sale
at JOHN O'KANE S DRUG STORE.

Clyde Sewell, (col. } who was ar
rested some time since for stealing coal
off a car in the Mo Pacific yards, be
longing to the company, plead guilty to
the charge before Esq. Ferguson Tues
day and was given one day in Jail and
so fine and costs. Sewell gave mort
gage on his wagon and team as security
for the payment of the fine. The rail
road company loses considerable coal
by small depredations. but Sewell
started to cart it off by the wagon load,
which was taking too much libery.
A meeting of some of the berry grow
ers of the Van Bnren district is an
nounced to be held at the court house
this afternoon. 1t is impossible to learn
what the promoters of it wish to do.
but the supposition is they intend to
advocate the formation of society in
dependent of the Van Buren Horticul-
tural Association. 1t is our opinion
that the would-be seceders should make
haste slowly AS two antagonistic
societies in the same territory would
mean loss to both, to the advantage OF
the commission houses. If there must
be two societies, let them work h and in
hand.
The Van Buren press., 1898-12-17
To Force the Negro 0ut.

The union meeting of all the railroad
train service organizations of America,
held in the Academy of Music at Nor
folk Va, recently proved to be most
important event. The object in holding
the meeting in the South, it was devel-
oped, was the desire of the leaders of
the great federations represented to
interest the people of this section in the
campaign launched there.
The keynote of the convention was
sounded by Frank P Sargent, of Peoria,
Ills. Grand Master of the Brotherhood
of Locomotive Firemen, who did not
hesitate, in the course of his speech, to
declare that the great object of the rail
way men today is to supplant with white
men the negroes who at present fill the
positions of trainmen and fremen
throughout the South. That concert
of action to this end has been determined
upon by the federated organizations
there is no doubt. There were repre-.
sented at the meeting five of the railway
organizations of the country.
Grand Chief Engineer Arthur, of the
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers,
was the first speaker. He dwelt upon
the advantages of organized labor in
general, and of railway men in particu-
lar. His address was we'll received.
There were speeches also by the national
officers of the brotherhoods of trainmen,
conductors, and telegraphers.
Hon. William A. Young. congress
man elect, acted as master of ceremon-
les. and addresses of welcome were
made by the Mayors of Norfolk and
Portsmouth. The most striking thing
Mr., Sargant said in what was the
speech of the evening, was this:
IF Southern railroads are so welded
10 the negro fremen that they cannot
part with him they will have to pay him
white mems wages. These organizs
tions have decided to act in concert to
accomplish this end. - The Grand
Master Fireman then went on 10 declare
that no threat was intended by his
declaration. The railway men he said
contemplate no strike because Of negro
labor For the next two years. how
ever, a campaign of education viii be
The Van Buren press., 1898-12-17
Impressive Ceremonies.

The Woodmen of the World lodges Of
Van Buren and Fort Smith, Sunday
afternoon, amid impressive ceremonies
unveiled the monument erected over the
remains of their fellow sovereign J. c..
Franklin in Fairview cemetery. The
monument had been erected for some
time, but from various reasons the un-
yelling ceremonies had been omitted at
the time.
Maple Leaf Camp No. Q and Wood
men Circle No. 9, of Fort Smith came
over on special train accompanied by
the Woodmen Band.
Promptly at o clock thep recession
composed of the Woodmen Circle and
Maple Leaf Camp No 8 of Fort Smith
and the Van Buren Woodmen Circle
and Cedar Camp No. 1 accompanied by
the Woodmen Band and the Queen City
band, formed in front of the court
house and moved to the cemetery fol
lowed by the family of the deceased
the speaker, Col. T. P. Winchester, and
citizens in carriages and on foot. Ar
rived at the cemetery the usual cere-
monies were held after which Col.
Winchester delivered an impressive
funeral Grafton.
AT the conclusion of the ceremonies
the members repaired to the lodge room
of Cedar Camp and spent an hour in
social conversation. At $3.50 P. NJ. the
Fort Smith delegation returned home
on their special train.
The Van Buren press., 1898-12-17
Has the Cuba and Porto Rico Fever.

NEW YORK, Dec. 10.-A special from
Washington says: A report that the
president intends to visit Cuba and
Porto Rico at the frstfavorable opport-
unity has become known in the state,
war and navy departments, and was
quickly made the subject of serious
speculation among various officials, on
account of the exceedingly interesting
questions it raised. Among other things
there was a spontaneous revival Of the
fiction that the chief executive could
not pass the boundaries of the United
States without forfeiting his Office. 1t
is peculiar how persistent is the notion,
even among higher officials, that some
constitutional or statutory restriction
confines the executive to American soil,
when. as matter of fact, although
none of President McKinley's prede-
cessors have left the country during
their terms of Office, their actions were
alone affected by considerations of pro-
priety or precedent. which no one could
hold to apply in the present instance.
The Van Buren press., 1898-12-17
Pain

"If a price can be placed on pain, Mothers
Friend Is worth its weight In gold as an alleyi-
ator My wife suffered more in ten minutes wits
either of her other two children than she did al
four bottles OF Mothers Friend Iii blessing
to any one expecting to become q mother" says
a customer.
Thus writes Henderson Dale, Druggist,
Of Carmi, ILL.,, to the Bradheld Regulator
Company, of Atlanta, Ca, the proprie-
tors and manufacturers of Mothers
Friend" This successful remedy is not
one Of the many internal medicines ad
s.rtised to do unreasonable things, but a
scientifically prepared liniment especially
effective in adding strength and elasticity
to those parts Of woman's organism which
bear the severest strains of childbirth.
The iniment may be used at any and
all times during pregnancy up to the
very hour OF confinement. The earlier II
is begun, and the longer used, the more
perfect will be the result, but it has been
used during the last month only with
great benefit and success.
II not only shortens labor and lessons
the pain attending it, but greatly dimin-
ishes the danger TO life Of both mother
and child, and leaves the mother in a con.
dition more favorable to speedy recovery.
" Mothers Friend is sold by druggists
at 500, OF sent Dy express on receipt of
price.
Valuable book for women, Before
Baby is Born,' sent free on application.
IHE ssA0FiELo REeUlATea CO.. Atlanta. Ga.
The Van Buren press., 1898-12-17
As Viewed by Others.
From the Little Rock Democrat

From the Little Rock Democrat
Among those who are reported as hay
ing expressed opinions concerning the
president 5 message we note that Sena
tor Jones of Arkansas occupies prom
inent position. According to Wash
ington correspondent, he found in the
| message number of points which did
not accord with his views. One of
these was the proposition to continue
the volunteer army in existence until
the standing army can be increased.
sSome of us do not favor the increase
of the standing army. he said. land
the president has no right to assume
that majority stand with him on that
proposition. =
The Arkansas senator also questioned
the president right to hold the volun'
unteers in service beyond the time of
signing the peace treaty, saying on this
point There is no war in existence
and none is imminent. The law re-
auires one or the other condition, and
the threat of the president to hold the
volunteers in the service until the stand
ing army is increased, beyond what the
consciences of senators and members
dictate, looks to me like menace and
an outrage and objectionable.
The senator also announced himself
as opposed to subsidy to vessels con
Meeting the United States with Porto
Rico. Cuba and the Philippines; as op
posed to legislation for the construction
of the Nicaragua canal, rs at present
contemplated, and expressed the opin
ion that the president was inclined to
go farther in the matter of the govern
ment of Cuba than the resolution OF
intervention had called for.
I'VE declared he said on this
point, lin favor of taking them to that
point at which they could maintain &
stable government, and do not see
how we can go beyond that. To go tc
the extent of insuring, rs the president
recommends, complete tranquility
might prove pretext for military
government and permanent occupation
never to be ended do not agree with
any such understanding.
Senator Jones also expressed surprise
at the absence of any recommendation
concerning the Philippines.
1.-The question of the government o.
the Philippines is attracting much at
tention, he said, land the fact thai
the president utterly ignores it strike.
me as very singular.