davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1898-10-27

broken country from 100 to 400 feet above
the Potomac. About one-half of this sec
ton has been covered with a checker-board
plan and the rest with combination of
curves and tangents approximately parallel
to the ridges and valleys. Blocks 800 feet
wide and 1000 feet long are frequent in the
rough localities although blocks of 250 feet
by 600 feet are considered an ideal size
Grades of per cent, with cuts and fills of
fifty feet, are frequent.
Section four comprises about 10000
acres of land southeast of the Anacostla
river. with elevations of ten to 300 feet
The section IS so rough throughout that a
curviIinear plan with varying sizes of
blocks has been devised. The grades in
this section will not exceed 10 per cent.
"In preparing the maps for final approval,
block distances, widths of streets and
their relations to the coordinate lines
have been given. The establishment of
grades or the marking of corners on the
ground, as done in other cities. has not
been followed here. This is left to the
time when subdivisions shall be recorded,
when the established grade will be guided
by the tentative as near as good practice
will allow.
After the outlines of great a plan
the question naturally arises when will it's
development be complete, or will a popu-
lation ever cover it. | will not offer any
nrophecv. but we can find some indications
of what we may expect.
Curves of city population vary so much
as to be very poor indications of what we
may expect in the far future. The curve of
a country is a better guide. 1t is found
that Washington's curve of population
agrees very closely with that of the United
States and that in fifty years shall
have more than SOC. .00O and close to 1,O00,-
900 at the end of the next century.
To-day $50 600 occupy fifteen square
miles and we may roughly conclude that
the District in another century will be fair
ly well settled. The establishment of its
plan, of course, may be extended without
end
Tree Planting in Washington.
Tree Planting in the Streets of Wash
ington" was the subject of a paper read
before the society by William p. Richards,
assistant engineer in the engineer depart.
ment of the District of Columbia. 1t is as
follows:
1.-The selection, planting and of all
trees in the streets of Washington is
der the direction of the District authori-
ties Individual preferences or private
terprises are not allowed to regulate this
Improvement. as is generally done in other
cities. Moreover, the city has it's own
nursery, where seeds planted from it's own
trees grow and supply all the needed va
rietieS.
In 1871, during the era of great munici-
pal improvements, Governor A. r. Shep-
herd appointed a commission to regulate
this important matter, and it's efforts
have brought about the beauty and uni
formity of shade existing in Washington
today.
This commission acted in an advisory
capacity and served without pay the first
one appointed being unchanged for twenty
Evening star., 1898-10-27
SCHOOL CRILDREv.
Conduct of Certain Goforcd puniIs
Mnde subject of OfficinI Inuuirn

"A letter was recently received by Dis
trtct CCmmissiOner Ross from Mr.. F. J.
Iandyoigt Of ST. Sth street southwest, COM
planning Of the children attending the col
ored school the corner of 9th and f
streets southwest. The conduct of the pu-
pills OF the school was characterized by the
writer as brutal" and he complained
that for SOME time past it has been al
most impossible for white children to pass
this corner without being assaulted by the
colored children of this school. who throw
stones at the white children and also beat
them with sticks
"A few days ago" continued Mr. Land-
voigt. Two white children returning home
f. ON school. We're attacked by a crowd of
these Coiored pupils. and one of them was
cut quite badly In the head by a stole
thrown 10y one of the colored children.
Complaints have been made several times
to tho teachers in charge by the white
residents of jhe nej2hbOrhGOd of the con-
duct u these children. but they seem to
ENJOY, rather than disapprove of it, as
they have TefGSed to take any action what
ever in the matter. ] hope you viii look
into This matter because. if allowed to
continue it may some day result in serious
injury 10 some child"
The complaint was referred to Superin-
tsnGeut Cook Of the colared schools who
in turn referred it to Mr.. T. W. Brown the
supervising principal. and u the PRINCIPAL
ot the school. i. c. Grant. The former re-
ported that the neighbors. both white and
c0l5r-d, say they have no cause for com
p.ain,. and that the only case of disorder
noticed by them since the opening of the
SER oil year a few days ago. when
SOM white boys attempted to chase two
colorod girls. whom the colOred boys de-
tended. The policeman on the beat who
Is present 1T the noon recess and at tho
dismissal " the school. informed the super-
vising principal that no complaint has conn
to rim recently. though there was a little
trouble when the school first opened last
year. Any pupil giving trouble to any one
Will be promptly dealt with stated the su-
pervising principal.
Principal Grant reported that tn, COM
pia1nt OF Mr. Landvoigt was the first re-
celved by him. directly OF indirectly. al
though upon investigating the matter of a
boy being cut by stone the boys ackuouI-
edged that stones were thrown by botb
sides Principal Grant stated that disorder
ly conduct - not countenanced by any of
the school authorities. and even though
there appear to be extenuating circum-
stances the boys engaged in the throwing
Of stones Will be punished.
Evening star., 1898-10-27

nve years. It's members were Mr. William
n. smith, superintendent of the Botanical
Hardens; Mr.. William Saunders, superin-
tendent of Agricultural grounds. and Mr.
3onh tba Saul, local nurseryman. During
tle last thirteen years Mr.. Trueman Lam
nam mas acted as chief executive officer of
ing f
Cnder the guidance of these men tree
planting has never been at an experimental
stage, but an undertaking SO great has of
course, had its lessons of experience The
Iuaii'les or good curbstone tree were set
; .oi III III Inc 6ne annual report of the commits
sion IN 1872, as follows:
First. A somewhat compact stateliness
anu symmetry of growth, as distinguished
rom io"-spreading or pendent FORM so
tnat ,he stem may reach sufficient height
TO allow free circulation of air below the
branches.
90. second. An ample supply of expansive
1oiiage, OF bright early spring verdure and
M llch IN the variety of colors and tints as
suned during autumn.
The Necessary Qualities.
Third. HeaIthiness. so far as being ex-
empt from constitutional diseases, as well
as by maladies frequently engendered by
pecuiarlties of soil and atmosphere i'm
purities. ,o.-
Fourth. Cieaniiness,. characterized by
persistency Of foliage during the sum-
mer freedom from fading flowers, and ex-
emptlon from the attacks of noxious in
sects
Fifth. 1t should be easily transplanted,
OF moderately vigorous growth and not in
cllned to throw up shoots from the roots
or lower portion OF the stem. A tree Of
extremely rapid growth is generally Short
lived.
Sixth. The branches should be elastic
rather than brittle. that they may with
stand heavy storms, and, lastly, there
should be no offensive odors from foliage
or flowers H n
of course. no tree planted amid the ar
tlnclal conditions found in a city will fill
such @ rigid requirements. This report of
lo'2 recommends as best the silver maple
tAcer oasycarpum), the American linden
(lilla Americana) and European sycamore
maple tAcer pseudo -platanus). The Amer
lcan elm (ulmus Americana) was thought
TO NIL all the requirements when not subject
ed to the attacks Of insects. The tulip tree
tLlFlodendron tulipifera), sugar maple
lAcer saccharium), sweet gum Uiquidam
Der stracihua) and the red maple (Acer
ruDrum) were named as the most beauti-
ful OF trees, their only drawback being that
or not growing freely after transpianting.
Inc Norway maple (Acer platanoides), the
hegundo tAcer negundo) and the American
ash Fraxinus Americana) were recon-
mended for certain places. For wide ave-
nues the buttonwoods (Platanus occiden-
taiis and Piatanns orentaiis) were consid-
ered rapid-growing and effective trees.
of late years some varieties have been
planted that are not mentioned in the
Evening star., 1898-10-27
above, and others, once common, have
been pronounced as poor street trees.
The Caterpillar Pest.

"Washington was city of young trees
during the seventies, and in the spring of
1873 more than six thousand trees were
planted, consisting of silver naples, Nor
way NAPLES, American elms, American and
European lindens, sugar naples, tulip trees,
American white ash, scarlet NAPLES, vari-
Gus poplars and ash-leaved NAPLES.
From 1850 to 1883 the caterpillars were
extremely numerous in the city and op-
portunity was had for observing which
trees We're mostly a prey to them. 1t was
found that the white poplar and the negun-
do, or ash-leaved maple, were the first
to be attacked, and next the lindens. elms
and sycamores Cor western planes) and
white ash. Those mostly exempt were the
Carolina poplars, the sugar silver and Nor
way naples, the tulip tree and the honey
locusts.
"A careful count was made of the trees
in 1887, and by comparing this with the
number since planted and those removed
there are found to be more than IS 900 trees
which. if placed thirty feet apart, would
line both sides of a boulevard between
Washington and New York These consist
of more than thirty varieties, but seven
eighths of the number may be placed in
less than twelve varieties. The number.
location and pecularities of the principal
trees may be best described separately.
''The silver maple (Acer dasycarpum)
numbers about 25, 600 or nearly four times
any other variety. 1t is almost a perfect
street tree, as it stands transplanting well,
is a quite rapid grower and has beautiful
foliage, which is never too heavy to allow
free circulation of air 1t loves moisture,
but nevertheless stands seasons of drought
better than many others 1t cannot attain
at the curbstone the magnificent proper
tions that it has in the park or field, and
must De trimmed at times very severely.
The Scale Disappeared.
'It is seldom attacked by the caterpillar,
but some years ago a scale appeared on
the trees that caused serious thoughts of
their removal. This has since disappeared
and the trees are in healthy condition.
1t taught the lesson, however, that it is
well not to have most trees of one variety
The most recent paintings of the silver
maple may be seen on S street. and good
examples of severe trimming on Sd street
northwest, and on T street northwest from
Sd to 9th streets.
'-The Norway maple (Acer platanoides)
numbers about five thousand trees, and it
is unfortunate that more of them were not
planted in past years. They require con-
siderable care in transplanting and are a
little too thick in foliage. They are hand
some in leaves and form and are of strong
fiber, so that they Withstand storms well.
Insects seldom trouble them
1.-TWO splendid rows of them may be seen
on Sth street northwest above G street. on
Evening star., 1898-10-27

Money considerations have doomed them
ana they are being replaced with more
desirable trees 'Oie
The aspen poplar Populos alba) and
asLi-ltaVed ASH maple CAcer negundo). number
ing about TWO thousand. although of good
1ollage, have been condemned as street
tfees on account of their liability To at
tacks of insects
The ginkgo or maiIen-hair tree, al
though Few in number here has heen
found to be a good curb stone tree The
pm oak planted in the parking on east
pennsylvania avenue has shown itself an
street.
The catalpa along the same avenue will
be removed in the near future Horse
chestnut trees have been grown with some
itte success on 18th street northwest but
cannot be called a good street tree
THE sugar maple although a oueep
among trees. needs too good care for an
IDEAL street tree No success has been had
In inns city with II, although It may be
said that attempts have not been nersist-
ent. A fine specimen stands in the park-
Ing northwest of Thomas Circle.
The red oak planted on 18th street.
where surrounded by good conditions has
been great success.
IF required to arrange a list of the trees
in this city in the order Of their merit and
in the light Of what has been here shown
L should place the silver maple Norway
maple and eastern plane side by side in
ern plane and last those that require extra
care and are well fitted for wide parkings.
the American linden, the oak and sugar
maple.
Skill and Judgment.
THE planting and care of trees In Wash
ington grows from year TO year and the
future will probably demand more skill and
judgment than in years past About 500
900 is spent annually. most of 1t in the
care of old trees. From one to three thou-
sand young trees are planted during the
spring and fall of each year. The nursery
has several thousand trees of the best va
rieties ready for planting. After two or
three years as seedlings and four or Eve
years In the nursery rows, they are taken
up with dirt to their roots and placed
on the street in holes from which four or
five cart loads of the original soil have
been removed. They are then filed aronn6
with suitable earth and a box placed over
for protection. These boxes are seven feet
in height, sixteen inches square at the hot
TOM and ten inches at the top. built ~
strips lx3 inches. They are held by four
stakes driven into the ground on each sida
in a slanting direction and nailed 10 tba
box. Leather straps are nailed To the TON
of the box and passed around the tree ~
prevent any injury to the bark NV ruh
bing in windy weather. These boxes O..
not an ornament to the street hut ave 90
absolute necessity for the protectton "a
young trees. After the tree has ea,nax
CONTINUED on Ninth Page.)
Evening star., 1898-10-27

10th street northwest above H street and
on 18th street northwest above K street.
The American elm (Ulmus Americana)
numbers about 5000 trees, planted on vari-
Gus avenues. 1t is a tree of spreading
form, so that on roadwayS fifty feet wide its
limbs arch the entire space From this it
is liable to be split by storms 1t presents
magnificent appearance at certain times
of the year, but the elm leaf beetle has
preyed SO constantly on this tree that it
is either doomed to disappear as a street
tree or else be limited to a small number
New Jersey, New York, New Hampshire
and Rhode Island avenues are planted with
this tree.
THE buttonwood, sycamore or plane
tree Platanus orientalis and occidentalis)
numbers 5000 trees. 1t is a tree of large
growth and must be closely trimmed as a
street tree. The western plane is not an
altogether handsome tree, its shedding of
bark giving its trunk an ugly appearance
which is objected to by many. AS a shade
producer it has no fault. The eastern plane
is its superior in many respects, and it
seems unfortunate that its merits were not
recognized sooner. Its size and nature
make II better fitted for avenues than the
narrower streets. Its foliage is splendid
in appearance and of the proper thickness
1t is free of insects. If the elms were re-
placed in part at least by this tree much
would be added in way of ornament to
the city. Good examples of the western
planes may be found on 11th street north
west and 10th street northeast The east
ern plane is best seen on Indiana avenue
and at the peace monument. A magnificent
specimen STANDS in the center of Lincoln
Square on East Capitol street
The Fragrant Lindens.
The American linden (Tilia Americana)
numbers 5000. Most of them are on Mas
saehusetts avenue. which has four rows
nearly four miles in length. In early sum-
mer they are at their best, when their
flowers fill the street with their fragrance
They need ample space and are apt to suf-
Ter much from the drought. They seem to
have been planted too close in this CITY
and nave grown very little in late years.
THE tulip tree 0iriodcndron tulipifera)
numbers nearly two thousand. 1t can
hardly be considered a good curb stone
tree as it requires good conditions for its
development. 1t is fine in appearance and
does well on wide parkings as on 10th
street, which 1t occupies Jointly with Nor
way naples, the latter along the curb.
THE Carolina poplar CPopulus monilifera)
numbers about six thousand and was prob
ably planted on account of its rapid
growth. 1t is a good curb stone tree in
many respects. Is assertive, free of in
sects and OF good foliage. Its bad quali-
ties are brittle limbs, which are always
broken by storms, and persistency of
root growth that is fatal to sidewalks
Evening star., 1898-10-27
Plan for the Future

1t cannot be predicted in what way or
to what extent the suburbs may be devel-
oped, but the view has been held that
the system should not be so burdensome
as to check suburban Improvement re
membering, too that the plan is for the
future more than for the present, and that
a liberal policy should be expected in its
development.
The field work made in aid of the studies
was of very simple character A system
OF co-Ordlnate lines was extended over the
District, permanently marked and these
CO INJECTED with triangulation points of the
coast and gcodctic survey, and with the
VI rious subdivisions, numbering about
seventy, with an aggregate of 100 miles of
streets. All subdivisions and points of
reference were plotted on the streets by
means OF their geographical positions most
Of the existing highways governing to
some extent the actual locations of the pro-
posed streets
''In the office work the sheets on a scale
OF one inch to four hundred feet were first
used in drawing up tentative PLAN fol-
lowed by a detailed study on scales of one
lrch To two hundred feet and one inch 10
one hundred feet. Many of the large scale
sheets were enlarged from the coast sur
Vey by photography. and actual tests on
the ground Indicated satisfactory results
with these enlargements.
The manner Of conducting work in the
office was for the assistants to submit in
dependent studies, the best features con-
tributing to combined plan which was
still further modified after public hearings
before the District Commissioners and the
highway commission.
ITO facilitate the work, as well as to COM
ply with certain requirements of the law
the District was divided into four sections
varying somewhat in typographical fea-
lures and differing so greatly in value of
land. or their relation to the city as to
cause each section to be treated in an in
dependent way.
Section one lies north of the city, is di-
vided from section two by Soldiers Home
and North Capitol street extended and
from section three by Rock Creek Park
1t is generally of a rolling nature, resem-
bling the city in topography, is elevated
from 100 to 300 feet above tide and covers
an area of $3.50 acres. A close COPY has
been made of the city plan, the streets TAX
ing 30 per cent of the area. No grades
need exceed per cent with proper devel-
opmentS.
Section two lies northeast of the CITY
characterized by wide valleys and broken
ridges that have been eroded into circular
hills or knobs. A rectangular plan has
been devised that is rather unsynmetrical
because of the artificial conditions arising
from the railroad lines and old s,1bdi.
visions The section covers $50 acres.
with 33 per cent in streets maximum
grades of s per cent and maximum cuts
and nils OF twenty feet. A circular drive
has been devised to connect the highest
points, which may be used for park pur-
poses.
Section three lies west of Rock Creek
Park, comprises TIA acres of exceedingly
Evening star., 1898-10-27
Black silk waists. SA.9S.

For this hour W. offer ladies' stylish
black taffeta silk waists. made in tho latest
styies-perfect fitting and carefully finished
at 81 9S. We will do niore-will guarantee
the taffeta in them-somethng 10 storekecper
has ever done before with taffeta That
shows cur confidence In the quality.
Evening star., 1898-10-27
UmderskirtS. 9Gc.

lined with warm striped Gcmet fiannel-and
trim ned with 5-cord ruffle fiounoe-iust the
underSkirt 4 woman should wear i'll cold
weather-will go at 90 cents tomorrow.
They are extra we'll made-Bet skimped
anN where
Evening star., 1898-10-27
| Ladies' suits, 81. .2g.

Ladies stylish black and blue cheviot
serge suits. man-tai ailored in the very best
manrer-skirt cut in new style and jackets
lined with silk-coat cut properly-and the
entire suit full of fine points-perfect hit
ting and well fniShed-will be offered as
special value at S1.25.
Evening star., 1898-10-27
RemarI, able Topography.

10 OF e not acquainted with Washing
Ton envlrons little attention to this map
will reveal a section of remarkable to-
Biography. The city proper hes on a rolling
ground of from ten to one hundred feet
above mean tide, and is surrounded by
ridges and plateaus. three or four hundred
feet above tide. which have been eroded nv
umeIous streams into Follows and deem
narrow valleys. Here was presented a
problem in typographical conditions quite
d;Herent from the city. where cuts and
fills of forty feet We're rare. A close check.
tr BOARD pian over the suburbs, with maxi
mum grades of per cent would in places
double airy cuts and fills in the city while
II covered a section five times as large and
never so valuable. The promoters and
friends Of street extension who had urged
lis needs before Congress, were wide i'm
their views as to straight extensions, and
Were gwen a fair hearing by the District
authorities.
The broad rules governing our final
studies which were generally acceptable
are: f
/ That avenues should be extended with
great dlrectneSs to the District line form
ing a fan-shaped system of highways to
the city This gives the essentials of a
spider web system
Ihat on account of it's simplicity the
checker board or gridirOn system shoIIId no
located wherever maximum grades of & ner
&C nj snail not be frequent or cause cuts and
fills To exceed twenty feet
.. Ihat where direct extensions Shall be
OF unduiaung grade curved highways are
preferable, adding a picturesque feature to
the system and relieving the monotonv of
straight lines.
Il. That curves of small radi should be
avoided and in very broken sections of
narrow ridges or valleys it is preferred to
follow the sides rather than the top or
bottom of the hill.
.. That the largest number of avenues
should lead to or from the city and cross
avenues be infrequent and located on prom
ihcnt ridges or easy lines of communi-
cation.
&c. That small parks and circles which
are such features OF the city plan be elimi-
mated from the extended system and that
large areas on prominent points of view be
selected as parks and connected by avenues
or curved drives
Evening star., 1898-10-27
TO Cure A COLD IN ONE DAY

Take Laxative Brome Quinine Tablets. All drug
gists refund tie money II IL faiis cure. 25c.
The genuine has L. B. Q. on each tablet.
Evening star., 1898-10-27
Velvetta, 2Sc. yd.

Black silk-finished veivetta. for skir
binding and trimming-and the regular 39c
quality-will be offered at 23c. yard.
Evening star., 1898-10-27
III to II Continued.)
China silk, l62c.

22-inch Chira silk-pure silk-suitable for
liniEgs for waists and garniture-16Ac.
yard.
Evening star., 1898-10-27
C0rsets, SOC. pr.

The choice of good lot of corsets of
the best-known mlkers-but whose rames
We are not allowed to advertise-wiu he
offered at 80 cents-which are regular 69c.
value-never sold hy any one else below
that. Gray. white and bIack-medIum and
long 1engths-wen toLed and perfect lit
ting.
Evening star., 1898-10-27

Lot of fine outing flannel and flannelette-
such sell at 1uc. and 121ec.-for 64c.
ord
Evening star., 1898-10-27
Black taffeta, SOC.
Outing Flannel GMc.

Black rustling all-silk taffeta-beau.ifu
luster-Lyons dye-59c. yalue-for 33e.
Evening star., 1898-10-27
Ladies' shoes, ST. 80.

Lot of ladies' fine Crown kid tan lace
shoes-either all leather or vesting top
Ebler welt-sewed-sizes 2I2 to So. I5
value for 81. 80.
Evening star., 1898-10-27

Continued on Ninth Page.1