davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1898-07-13
A BUSINESS CHANGE. =
David Friend Retires from Firm of
Lewis Friend x Co

Lewis Friend 4 Co
David Friend, who has been connected
with the clothing firm of Lewis Friend &
Co. for the past thirty four years, this
week retires from the firm. TIE business
will be continued under the same name
by |. l.. Halman, who has been connected
with the firm for seventeen years, for the
past nine years having t he active manage
ment of the business. The present
change, therefore, does not IN any way
affect the management.
The firm is one of the oldest in Els
worth, having been esta blished in 1855 by
the late Lewis Friend and his brother
Joseph.
Contrary to widely circulated rumor,
Mr.. Friends retirement from the firm is
entirely voluntary, as may be seen by
card printed elsewhere in these columns.
His retirement from the business world
OF Ellsworth is sincerely regretted, because
it probably will be followed by his re-
moval from Ellsworth. Mr.. Friend and
his family have very large circle of
friends here.
Mr.. Friend has not yet decided upon
his future location, but thinks it will be
in Washington county. His son, Able L.
Friend, will be in business with him.
Mr.. Friend is now down east" looking
over the field.
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1898-07-13

less secure. The building in which it was
found was built about sixty years ago by
John M. Hale for a feed store. 1t has
been occupied since by many tenants
and various kinds Of business. There
are some who attribute the hiding OF
the money to Henry Swan, an eccen-
trio individual who at one time kept a
harness store III the building. That
was some twenty-odd years ago, and Mr..
Swan has been dead many years.
Nine. Black and son, George n. Black
| Of Boston, with Harold and Charles Pit
man, are at the Black homestead for the
| summer. Monday afternoon there was a
dinner party in honor of Mr..
Blacks birthday. The occasion partook
of the nature of a double celebration, as
Judge Wiswell's birthday was the same
day. Among the guests were Chief JUS
tice John A. Peters and wife, Mrs. Arno
Wiswell, Miss Fannie Peters and Miss
Fannie Means, of Bangor; Senator Eu
gene Hale and wife and Judge A. p. Wis
well and wife, of Ellsworth.
d. j. Chamberlain and wife, of Elgin,
Ill.,, are at the American house. They ex-
pect to spend about h month here.
Mr.. Chamberlain has been here the past
two summers, and finds the climate
most beneficial to his health. He is also
among friends. Ellsworth is the former
home of Mrs. Chamberlain, and some
years ago Mr.. Chamberlain business
brought him to Ellsworth frequently.
Last winter Mr.. Chamberlain, while at
San Antonio, Texas, underwent a critical
operation for strangulated hernia. For
short time his life was despared OF but
happily he was spared to his family and
friends.
The present city government means to
collect the dog tax. Last week warrants
were issued against several dog-owners
who had not procured licenses, and last
arraigned before Judge Peters in the
municipal court. One case was tried, the
Others agreeing to abide by the result.
Judge Redmsn, who appeared for the
city, declared that there was no ma
liciousness in the prosecution; the mayor
simply wished ruling of the court on
the law. The defense, represented by L.
F. Giles, admitted that tax had not been
paid; was willing to pay If every body did.
Defense claimed that the thirty days.
notice had not been given. The prosecu-
tion admitted this. Judge Peters gave it
as his opinion that this notice was merely
mandatory or directory and did not affect
the law, or prevent prosecutions. By
agreement these cases were Withdrawn
on defendants agreeing to pay the license
fee and the time for taking out licenses
extended to Thursday, July IA. After
that date delinquent dog-owners will be
prosecuted. Notice to this effect was i'm
mediately served on the fifty or more dog
owners who had not secured licenses
The action OF he city fathers has had the
desired effect, and City Clerk Wyman has
been kept busy issuing licenses
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1898-07-13

Many advertisers forget thot adrertis-
ing space IN a newspaper is uaIued ac-
cording to the circulation of that paper.
Advertising space in a journal aoithout
circulation is dear at any price the pub
Usher Dlau demand. Without circulation
there can be no results, and leithout re-
suits the money whict the Advertiser in
rests is lost. - Leavenworth (Kansas)
Times.
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1898-07-13

Some excellent specimens of color work
from the Photographic studio of B. F.
Joy are on exhibition in Lewis Friend &
Co.'s show window.
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1898-07-13
COMING EVENTS.

Thursday, July IA, Hancock hall-Con-
cert by Ellsworth chorus of Maine music
festival: rs voices. Tickets 25 and 35
cents.
Monday, Aug. Excursion of Nokomis
Rebekah lodge to Brooklin by steamer
"Catherine". Boat leaves Ellsworth h wharf
at a. m. Tickets, so cents; children, Is
cents.
Mohave County miner., 1898-08-20
CCCIDENT LODE

From Lcc Mon. Rip Van winkle Lode. this
survey. TO wcst rnd center Of occ'dent Lode
s, a. deg 2g rim w. ei4 H. Begirning at
cor. No. s. W. cor Of c6ert Identical
with car No ! s. v. cor. Western View
r.ode this srrvev wher~e U. s. Loc Mon.
No. r2fs Ina'an Secret n'ng District bears
N. 30 der as mir. e. 1920 IT.: thence N. 80
de-. 20 min. E. 7i4 II. to cor. No. s. e.
Mohave County miner., 1898-08-20
Survey No. 1855 A

GARFIELD FRACTION LODF.
From. cor No. q s. ". cor. OF n. A. r.
Lode NJ this survey 20 intel Loo. No. Or
Geld Fraction N. 81 deg. "A min. W. 176.25 II.
Mohave County miner., 1898-08-20
scHAFER's TREAsuRE LODE

From Cor No. / @. A. r. lode this survey
10 s. w. Cor. Schaefer's Treasure Ltoe s.
l. deg So min. w. e08.2o 1t. d y,rnng 1T
Cor No. s. W. Cor. Of cain: therce s.
Cor. OF claim; thence N 4 dog. IS rin e.
900 H. 10 cor. No. 8 N. v. cr. OF claim;
thence n. rs deg. ~ min. W. l5Jo IT. to cor
No. ~ W. cor. OF claim: thence 6. "a
deg ls min w 600 e. to ccr. No. l :. w.
ror cf claim and risce Of beginning. whence
U. s. Loc Mon. 1856 bears y. " deg. % min.
q. l140 IT, Survey and location ore idonticai.
Var at all corners 10 deg. 10 min. r.
Mohave County miner., 1898-08-20

Cor. No. e. Schsfer's Treasure Lode. 3. T..
cor. is identical with cor. No. /, s. W. cor,
Of Little Giant Lode. Beginning at cors No.
Mohave County miner., 1898-08-20
Survey Nc. 1875 y.
s,r,,z nyNE MIL SITE

peri,nInr st cor No. N. e. cor. identI-
cal With cor. No. 3 cf Fraction nu7rtz Ni'k
site OF this survey. From cor. No !, Nellie
Plve Mrsite cor. No. !, Ne'"e B'ye Lode.
bea-s N. 81 d-g 81 rim. v, 1910 H.: thence
identical with cor M. I OF Bonita
M,,,site. survey No fpsa D.. ccr. No:
, OF hfr'c-n Mirs'tn. end c-r.. No. Of
Fraction ouartz Whistle OF this survey;
NJ ,den.tcaI with c>-. No Of Ponits
Mii,si.e' survey No. ig3 n: ,herce y. II
deg an rrir. r.. es0 a. ~ cor. No. T. thence
q 7s deg, % r,'r. r.. $50 II. 10 cor. No;
and place OF beginning. Survey and locauon
Mohave County miner., 1898-08-20
3UF 4FV' I-"" N
NORMA LODE.

survey TO N. w. cor. OF Norma S. GO &.
4s min w. s2510 II. Beginning at cor No.
1. N. W. cor OF Norma Lode, wherca U s.
b9r,nt bGet Mon: ho. no, iyse lndirn ,ssf nlrs
s. II deg. SO min Y. 1900 n. to cor. No.
N e. cor. Of claim; thence S. 12 deg. or
min. w. $50 II. 10 cor No g. s. r. CO.. Of
TO cor No s. center side Iine NJ clam;
thence ~ II deg 55 min. W. 7h0 IT, 10 cor
No. s. W. cor. of claim; therce N. 10
deg 05 min. Il. 600 IT. TO cor No 1 sni
place OF beginning. Survey and location are
Identical. Variation at corners 10 deg. 40
Mohave County miner., 1898-08-20

From n W Cor G. A. r. Lode. this sur
sey. TO s. w. Cor. Nora r. Lode, S. 81 deg.
70 min. E. 1sl50 H. Beg inning at Cor. No.
l. s. W. Cor. of Claim. whence U. s. Lee.
bsars s. II deg. 25 min e, 2l72 IT.. thence
Y. II deg "a min. W. 900 II. 10 Cor. No. 2
a. w. Cor. OF Claim; thence NJ rs deg. s6
min. u. 1500 II. to cor. No. n. L. Cor. OF
claim. thence s. II deg. "a min. E, eco IT,
70 cor. No. 4; thence S. rs Dsg, 30 Min. w.
1900 n. TO cor. No l and place OF beginang.
survey and location are identical. Var. at
all corners 10 deg. 40 min. Z.
Mohave County miner., 1898-08-20

RIP VAN WtNkLE LODE.
From east end center Of Lone Star Lode
this survey TO Init al Loc. Mon. Rip Van
Wrinkle n. ca deg. 26 min. E. 5l5.S0 n. B.
ginning at cor No / N W. cor. OF calm,
where's U. S. Lee. Mon. No. 1856 Indian Sc
crct Mining District bears n. 40 deg. E. 2s20
IT.; theme S. 10 deg. % min. w. 900 II. TO
cor. No. S. w. car. cf claim; thence s. 70
deg. 3s min. Z. 1921 II. to cor. No. S. z.
cor. Of claim; thence N. 10 deg. % min. f.
eco II. TO c1r No. 4; thence N. 70 deg. 3S IN u.
w. 1122.S II. TO cor. No. l and place of be-
ginning Survey and location are ident cal
except where otherwise mentioned In notes.
Variation at all corners 13 deg. AZ min. Z.
Mohave County miner., 1898-08-20

From west end center Prince Albert Lode,
OF this survey, to Loo. Mon. Lone Star Lode
S. deg. 43 min. w. 1880 II. Beginning at
c2r. No. / N. w. cor CT clam, whence U. S.
Loo. Mon. No. 1856, Ind an Secrt Mining Dis
trct bears n. IS deg. 10 min. L. $3.50 II.
thC nee s. "a deg. w. 600 II. to cor No. 2
S. w. cor. Of claim; thence S. &C deg. E.
1900 IT, 10 cor. No. 8, s. e. cor. Of claim
thence n. "a deg. L. 600 feet to cor. No. 4:
III nee N. &C deg. w. 1900 II. to cor. No.
and place Of beginning. Survey and loca-
ton are identical Variation at all corners
l3 Geg. AZ min. Z.
Mohave County miner., 1898-08-20

BlG JOSHUA LODE.
From S. l.. nyer OF AOe Lincoln Lode
this survey to int al Loc. Mn. Big Joshua
\. Il deg. % ma. w. Bio II. leg nm n Z
at cor No. /, =. e. cyr. Il claim, vi e
4. 5. Loc Mon. No. l-55 lnJlan Secret MIN
ing Dstr CT btaIs n. II deg. 20 mn. =. $50
f.; thence \. 40 4Cg. ~ Hlia, W. 3S4) It.
to col. No. z. Themes S. % d4g. ~ min. W,
S2l.5 II. TO car. NO. 3. tE>ncs S. ~ Gsg. 20
min. Z. $3.50 It. % CIR. No. a. thence N.
~ deg. 40 mn. L. Szl5 II. TO cor. No. l
and place Of beginning. Nariauvns a. al.
corners l3 deg. ~ mia. Z. Suvsy and loca-
ton aie Identical eAcspt wnCre otherw Use
mt a ned
Mohave County miner., 1898-08-20

From n z. cor. OF Lone Star Lode, this
survey to initial Loc. Mon. Center Lode.
NJ l6 der 4s min. w. 25s.7s n. Beg mir g
at cor. No / S. z. cor. of clsim. whence
U. S. Loc. Mon. No. 1856 Indian Secret Min
ing District. bePrs n. s5 deg. IS min. E. $3.50
IT.; thence N. 6j deg 30 min. w. 1900 H. TO
cor. No. 2: thence N. 10 deg % min. r. 600
n. TO cor. No. 3 N. w. cor OF claim; thence
s. c5 drg 30 min. r. 1870 II. TO cor No. 4;
thence S. 10 deg. % min. w. COO II. to cnr.
No / and piece OF beginning Survey End
Ioc-t'or are identical. Variation at all cor
ners 10 deg. AZ min e.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1898-11-08
THE VOICE.

One of the very unpleasant recollec-
tons of educated Americans, living In
the Northern States, during the last
forty years, is the high squeaky voices
of the men, and especially of the wo-
men. They were harsh, raspy, and
disagreeable.
The cultivation OF the voice In con-
versation, was regarded by the Puri-
tans, as an invention of the Evil One
and a temptation TO a worldly life.
4 neir successors adopted these views
until liberal education, and travel, and
especially the association with people
Of other nations, taught them the
pleasure and refinement of the proper
use of the voice. The rapid spread OF
musical education changed also the
prevalent notions and habits. The
clear, distinct, and well modulated
tones of educated English women was
an object lesson. The bright Ameri-
can women, became conscious of their
deficiencies In this respect. What the
vulgar called an imitation OF the full
clear distinct tones Of the English
women, was only an unconscious re-
cognition of the true art OF speaking.
Then came the women from the
Southern States. with their soft must
cal voices, to shame the Northern wo-
men out of their raspy talk.
The Improvement in the use Of the
voice has been singularly rapid during
the last ten years, but one has only TO
sit In railway car and listen to the
average talk on a high pitch OF the
travelling women to know that there
is need Of much instruction and prac-
tice yet.
A writer on the subject recently said
that speech is vocal music enunciated
into words and syllables," and "the
training of the voice in song and
speech Is identical"
1t Is a just criticism on the white
population, especially the Americans,
of these Islands that they deteriorate
in the use of their voices here. 1t Is
said that This is due to the develop
ment of nervous diseases, for which
the climate is responsible. The truth
Is, probably, that 1t is due to CONNER
cial interests, SO far as men are con-
cerned, which have prevented much at
tenion being paid to the subject. In
the case OF the women it may be due
to the wholly unnecessary physical de-
terioration in n warm climate.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1898-11-08
BEER AND WAX.

The Twelfth New York regiment is
now stationed in Lexington, Ky. The
men are dissatisfied and desire to re-
turn home. Desertions are frequent,
and cannot be prevented. If the
friends of an enlisted man send him
money with which to pay his fare
home, he deserts. So aemoralized are
the men of one company, that they re-
fuse 10 drill, unless the officers pro-
duce "A keg OF beer and treat them
after and not before drill. The men
find out that war is a very monotonous
business affair. Army discipline is re-
pulsive TO the freeborn American, who
is above all things, independent. In
defense of their homes, these men will
endure all things. But, on reflection,
each enlisted man is asking II he is not
doing more than his share of the hard
work. He demands square deal. II
the nation can afford TO engage in
war il can AFFORD to pay its soldiers
decent wages.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1898-11-08
TAKE PROBATION.

on the Zealandia en- route to Manila
will be two battalions of the Tennessee
Regiment that made SO much disturb
ance in San Francisco, by attacking and
abusing several negroes. We are in
formed that only few men of this
regiment are Tennesseeans The majo-
rity are from the river front of St.
Louis, and are not averse to the use
of red paint"
II is known that this Tennessee re-
giment was engaged in IAN unpleasant
ness" with the New Workers while en-
Camped near each other AT the Preside
The Tennesseeans assaulted a negro,
and were charged with dsorderly con-
duct.
There were rumors on the street yes
terday and on Saturday that the two
regiments are quite willing to settle
disputes in their own way, and that the
streets OF the city would make n good
battle ground. Under the circum-
stances, we presume that precautions
will be taken to avoid any friction be-
tween the men.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1898-11-08

fhs Spanish rgmmlssioh.fs inae
90 she guarantee ~ Ne spssish .Cai,an
ssb ~ iht United siaias me amaaai
~ d " naW over 500 600 oil1 1hs
Americsa Comm ssionefs reply shsi tbs
unH.d siaiss DOS no and vii hsi
osh CUBE. and therefore canhri be
morally held fof that debt
u " aUsts probable that this will
happen Anef the terms q peace are
signed. and Cuba has becoms nominal
~ an independent country the French
and German holders ~ the spanish.
Cuban BINDS will demand that Cuta
acknos edge her obligation 90 pay
them. The demand Will be made
through the French and German Gov
ernments upon Cuba. and not upon the
United States. n Cuba refuses. or the
United States advise her to refuse. the
French and Germans will propose arbl-
trition as TO the liability Of Cuba
The United States will be bound 10
advise aud accept arbitration Arbi-
tra,ion means that Cuba will be- ad-
judged 10 pay the debt.
n may be urged that this would be
inequitable, because Cuba has no bene-
1T from the loans. The reply to that
will be in the inyariable course OF de-
cisions by t.e Supreme Court of the
United States. that State or munici-
pallty must pay all indebtedness con-
tracted by those who had the lawful
power to do 80, even II the money
raised by the loans was squandered
misspent or stolen.
The United States may refuse TO ar
bitrate with Spain on the matter, but
il will not refuse to arbitrate with
France. TO refuse to arbitrate would
be to admit that we are afraid of our
case.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1898-11-08
NECkAR ISLAND AND FASHODA.

The usual rumors came by the last
mail about the strained relations of
the European powers and the immi-
hence of war Rumors of this charac-
over twenty years. Yet the Powers
seem to be very reluctant to engage in
punching each others heads. II the
fact was always kept in sight that the
European nations have no desire to go
to war, and cripple themselves, and
above all things, let the neutral ma
tons pick up and hold their trade, we
would not believe these rumors
II is said that Fashoda, about which
the British and French are INDUCING
in some strained relations" has been
for some time a "derelict," country
owned by nobody, and open to any
capture and occupation.
Let the European Powers look at the
example of Hawaii. Neckar Island was
a "derelict," several years ago. No
one owned II. There was a suspicion
that Great Britain desired to take II
for cable station. Our Government
promptly despatched one of our gun
boats, although its guns We're only on
paper, and took the "derelict" Island.
Did Great Britain mass her fleets in
these waters, and attempt 10 wrest that
Island from our strong grasp? No. She
simply replied with dignity and di-
plomatic courtesy, "if you want that
old junk shop keep It," The rumors OF
strained relations between Hawaii and
Great Britain then closed. Our di-
plomacy was triumphant, Although in
taking that Island, our action nearly
upset the balance of power in Europe
and kept the weary soyereigns of that
continent walking the floor" the firm
stand that our Government took, back
ed by our fleet, compelled peaceable
solution OF the question.
Let the FYeign Office at once rec
ommend the~French Government to
initiate our own enlightened conduct,
and say to Great Britain, If you want
Fashoda, keep the old junk shop"
The Hawaiian gazette., 1898-11-08

,hsm 80 sassnns 100 sssi ~ pfop
fti food
~ esafse. fhs psuIs ~ isnsinlu
|wI aa 81 once uplh thit s1gres sn
liHfstt ious should 10 ssui by az 20 tht
DaIfy CompanIes fedueinf ihe 0fdefa
~ mia This Wlll snable tht con
funies 20 increase 'he supply sont io
iha hospital Again. an of those Who
hep mich eows should send some oi
the mlik Obtained from them difsoiiy
10 che hospitals y is the ease 81 an
emereency No time should be- lost
The milk supply for she hospital tails
short over forty gallons pr day
True charity is sacrifice There D.
not a child In this town that will not
make some indireof contribution We
gave the visiting soldiers pleasure
let us give the weak. the despondeni.
the ufering the diet they must have.
Military power cannot do A. u can
not purchase COWS Private charity
must meet the emergency
The Hawaiian gazette., 1898-11-08
THE PASSING HOUR.

In few days milk will flow like
water at the military hospital.
Capt. Fehlbehr's tombstone might
we'll bear the inscription: He was
ever faithful"
The Emperor tex) OF China is dead
again and likewise alive again, accord
ing 10 the mail advices.
Kitchener Is deservedly the lion OF
the hour in Great Britain and he has
won fame that will wear.
The latest organization TO reach
from Puget Sound for bushes connec-
ton with the Islands is a solid concern
in the field in earnest.
In its determination to early provide
system OF sewerage for the city, the
Board Of Health has the endorsement
of the entire population.
90
The fact that the Philippines are to
be held by the United States means
increase many fold in the commercial
Importance OF Honolulu.
Aguinaldo's doings are now chron-
icled in the papers on the Mainland
alongside the accounts of the doings of
the prize fighters who don't fight.
Day is dawning for Dreyfus. There
is now promise that he may face his
The Hawaiian gazette., 1898-11-08
LABOREkS FROM The PHILIP.
PINES.

The project of securing Philippine
labOrers for our plantations Is one of
the most serious we have. There are
about 100000 of people on those ISL
ands. Many of them are savsges
Whether or not they are industrious
sayages, We do not know Many of
these people. II Is fair to presume, are
willing to emigrate TO these Islands
But Of the millions of the total popu-
Iariun the number required for these
Islands will not be a drop in the
bucket. The rate OF wages paid to
laDorers here is largely in advance Of
wages paid to the Philippine laborers.
The INDUCEMENTS TO emigrate are eX-
cellent.
Will they be permitted to emigrate !?
II the United States control the
Philippines, either by annexation, a
protectorate, or otherwise, IL will be
very difficult TO put the movements of
the people under any restraint. Once
under the Flag, and protected by It,,
IL will he difficult, under our form Of
government, to stop their movements
in any direction. Only the most des-
potic of governments will dare TO say
to the people 1t protects, you must
live in a certain place, and If you move
away from It, you will be punished"
Russia would hardly do that. America
cannot
II may he safe, therefore, to assume
that the control" of the Philippines
by our nation, will remove any bar
riers against Philippine immigration.
How desirable the laborers from
those Islands may be, Is not positively
known. The large exports from there
indicate an industrious element.
| Whether this community should en-
courage an immigration, which is de-
cidedly not in the interests of civiliza-
ton, is another question. Business in
terests will kick out of sight any petit
TONERS on behalf of civilization. The
SuedT lnltltSlS Will uOl pay mutH az
tention to the morals of Sunday
Schools, in dealing with it. The Cen
trail Union" by the force of circum-
stances, will consent to filling the ISL
ands with Philippine heather, If the
sugar-god demands It,
The disposition of the Philippine Isl
ands, therefore, may have a far reach
ing effect on the future of these Islands,
Congress will be confronted with this
novel result of the doctrine of expan-
sion: that it may strike a fatal blow
at the sugar beet and cane industry of
the mainland. This industry will cry
out in the halls OF Congress, 80 you
propose to sacrifice the prosperity OF
American citizens to Spanish West In
dian niggers, and the heather Fill
pinos?"
And Congress may do some queer
work.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1898-11-08
PRAYING TO DEATH.

The coral stone building, standing ON
the lot which adjourns the post office,
on its southerly side was formerly the
Government House, and within 1t were
all OF the executive offices. After these
Offices We're removed, one part of the
lower floor OF the building was used
as q post office, and the other part
was used as a book store by Mr., II.
M. whitney, who used the book store
also as the Office of the Commercial
Advertiser, OF which he was editor.
The postmaster in the year 1860 was
the late King Kalakaua, and his chief
and only clerk was Mr.. w. G. Irwin,
both OF whom, owing TO the advantages
offered by the post office in furnish
ing reading materials achieved remark
able success in life, the one as a mon
arch. and the other az a merchant
The Advertiser in those days took
shots occasionally at the flying follies
and wrongs OF the day. On one occa-
sion, Mr.. Whitney criticized in the
paper the native boat men because OF
their outrageous charges for boat ser
vices, and he threatened to place boat
IN competition with their boats, unless
the abuses were stopped.
The native boat men, enraged at Mr.
whitney, conduct, organized and de-
'ermined TO kill him. In order 10 avoid
committing the crime Of murder, as 1t
was defined by law, they, with true
pagan sagacity, resolved TO cause his
death by means of the anaana (the
process OF praying one TO DEATH
through the medium of a Kahuna, or
priest Of the ancient faith. Even at
this period the natives, in spite Of re-