New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-02-06

names survived. Ribau!ts fort was attacked b,
the Spanards and its defenders nassacred hv
Menendez Mr.. McCrady tells anew the gnslv
story Menendez hanged his prisoners and IA.
scribed on the tree II do this rot to a French
man. but as to heretics." When the Cheyals,
de Gourges came to revenge the deed he hangAs
the Spaniards on the same tree and altered N.
inscription thus: II did not do this as to Span.
iards nor as to infdels but as 10 traitors
thieves. and murderers" The region might seem
to have been thrown by this incident into
field Of long and bloody contention, but az
matter OF fact neither French nor Spanish col.
onists appear to have been attracted to It for
many years after Ribault's failure. In Ii.
mean time England was planting colonies in Viz.
ginia and Massachusetts,, and the success which
attended these undertakings suggested the De.
STABILITY Of occupying the Carolinas Charles
granted the region to Sir Robert Heath. his At
torney General. in 1880. and the territory lay
practically unclaimed the grantee could hav.
taken possession had he chosen so to DO. No
colony was established. however until Heath,
charter was declared void in 1853. and new
charter issued by Charles II TO certain loyal
supporters gave them the power. as lords pro-
prietors to exploit or their own purposes tina,
rich domain Of which Sanford. their representa-.
tive took formal possession late in the sixties
Here begins Mr. McCradys principal task. bis
calculation Of the strange form Of government.
under which the new colony was projected.
Briefly. the lords proprietors proposed 70 Sc,
I'D miniature England in America Them.
selves the bulwarks OF the Restoration they
were exactly the men u take an arstocratlc
view Of their mission In the West The very
names are eloquent. The Earl Of Clarendon
George Monk. Duke OF Abemarle; Lord Craven
Lord Berkeley. Lord Ashley Cwho became the
Earl of Shaftesbury). Sir George CartereJ Sir
William Berkeley and Sir John Coleton We're
the men 70 whom South Carolina was handed
over by Charles H. by the terms Of their
charter the province was constituted County
Palatine a fabric upon which Mr.. McCrady
throws light in the following passage Coun.
ties Palatine are so-called, a palatiO says
blackstone. because the owners thereof the Ea,l
OF Chester. the Bishop Of Durham and the Duke
of Lancaster. had In these counties Jura re-
gala fully the King hath in his palace
'resalem potestatem in omnibus as Bracton x
presses it. They might pardon treasons mW.
ders and felonies they appointed all judges and
justices Of the peace. all writs and indictments
ran in their names as in other counties 10 the
Kings name. and all offences were said to be
done against their peace, and not. in other
places. contra pacem donlini regis" Imagine
such powers as even this brief citation implies
conferred upon a group Of noble absentees In
the Enthusiastically Of the ensuing situation lies
the chief interest Of Mr. McCrady's book. lie
shows how fatuously the lords proprietors wen.
to work, how naively they parcelled ont a grea.
province. its honors and its offices. with no
more regard for the inevitable wants and feel
irgs of man than though the latter were made
OF wood and iron. Monk was made County
Paatine. which is to say a kind Of Equivalent
to the King, and the rest Of the lords proprie-
tors assumed titles which. IL worthles- in Lon
don. where they We're invented. We're at any
rate likely TO bring their owners great con-
sderation in the new State If il We're ever real
lied. We need not traverse in detail Mr. Nc
Crady's summary Of the offices Suffice Il to
say that South Carolina was ingenious'y divided
into counties. seignories, baroness precincts and
colonies, and that he arstocracy based on this
apportionment was presided over by land
graves and cacques. the first title being Dor
rcwed from the German courts the second from
the Indians who were to be dspossessed rs ex'
peditiously as possible OF their immemorial Do
main. The lords propretors were even empow'
cred to confer titles OF honor. And in order 70
assure the proper administration OF this imita'
ton Of the Kings own government the Earl o.
Shaftesbury and Locke put their heads togethei
in the formers London home and the philoso'
pher devised the famous Fundamental Constr
tutions" They were very philosophical Bu'
that does not prevent their looking to-day, even
in the serious light in which Mr.. McCrac9
considers them. like colossal though uncon'
scious Joke.
Mr. McCrady points out that Locke remer'
bering doubtless, the Roman law. inserted IN
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