davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The age-herald., 1898-01-09

philosophy. Next she studied politics and diplomacy by means of interviews with foreign ambassadors at her court. As resource of personal amusement she wrote plays for the stage and caused them to be acted before her. She preserved an equa- ble temper and to assist her effort in this she attended balls and the public threater.
 Catherines public aims were exalted, her success in them was wonderful but her life was shaded by much personal weakness and positive immortality. The wisdom and energy of her government unquestion- ably contributed immensely to the influ- ences of time in elevating the rude char acter of the Russians toward the plane of the present civilization.
 Among the positive political ends the empress achieved was the civil service re- form. The old system of spies and in- formers was spurned. Office could no longer be bought by money. She studied the best laws of the nation and with her own hand compiled a code under which courts of law and equity were established in Russia. Torture a means of confess sion was forbidden. She founded hospitals in different parts of her empire. The bet ter to provide for the operation of her civil system, Catherine divided her kingdom into vice-royalty districts All officers were most rigidly held ito their duties. Taxes were regulated. schools and thea ters built and the people were encouraged to use better dress and more refined man. ners. The empress frequently displayed herself and strictly observed her formal religious duties She encouraged immigra- tion to Russia from more civilized coun- tries and especially the French fleeing from their own revolution. She organized a large and victorious army and navy and displayed wonderful sagacity in the choice of her officers to command She ordered a geographical survey to be made of all her vast domain and gave lands away to worthy settlers with great liberality. When a young officer of the army made an at tempt on her life she had him brought into her presence and forgave him. Her do- nestle life was happy. The training and education of her children claimed her de- voted attention.
 Ivan was murdered in his dungeon The murderer or a substitute was executed. Catherine's compicity is a question.
 In TITO Frederick of Prussia rode to St. Petersburg. In protracted conference with CatherineII the partition of Poland, "blooa- fest picture in the book of time" was agreed upon. quarter of a century later. steadily filled in with the wrongs and the woes of brutal conquest the land of Kos cfusko went down beneath the hand of Suwarrow. The ablest defenders of the Christians against the Mussulnen were ex- tinguished. John Sobesko. the Pole. and his sublime heroism beneath the walls of Vienna, forever relegating the Turks to iu- feriority and final obliteration from the map, left to his posterity no country
 Catherine II died in 1796 in the sixty sev- enth year of her age and the thirtv-fourth year of her wonderful reign. Napoleon Bonaparte then began his phenomenal car reer. Washington died three years later.
The age-herald., 1898-01-09
NEGROES SWlNDlED.
Thought They Could Go to Africa for Two Dol
 lars Per Head
Special to The Age-Herald.

Opecidl to me ASe-HoralQ
 Ramsay, Jan. S.-The negroes in this part of Sumter county have been buncoed out of about $500 by one of their race who operated an African colonization sell The perpetrator of the swindle has successfully worked other parts of the state He is an ordinary, medium-sized negro, known as African Charley" His scheme was to collect $2 from each negro who wanted to go to Africa. For that sum African Charley" would promise his dupe free transportation to the dark continent and land and a home on his arrival
 About 400 negroes bit at the bait All Of the negroes were told to meet at Gaines vile on January 1 where boats would carry them to Mobile and thence to Africa African Charley has disappeared and no boats have been reported at Gainesville for the emgrants. He left sundry debts be- hip7 him, among them a large livery bill in Gainesville.
 African Charley claimed full natiyi- ty of Africa. Tine negroes believed his representations on account of his beef liver lips and tongue-tied speech which were taken as indications that he was indeed an African of Africa.
The age-herald., 1898-01-09

players to stand these mass plays. In the north the body is hardened and the rough play does not affect their players as it does ours.
 I think that the only way to break up these mass plays is to make a rule requr. ing seven men to be on the line and no player to be in motion when the ball is snapped.
 The proposed rule of requiring ten yards to be gained in four downs will not prevent mass plays and restore the open style of play. A team will buck the center, just as they do now until the third down. and then kick. l think the present method of scoring is about as equitable as it could be made
 Another most important rule that should be adopted is one giving the umpire power to remove from the game any player who is really too injured to continue playing. The present custom of allowing men to remain in the game simply on their nerve5 when they are of no use to their team and are drag to the game, should be broken up
 The rule allowing each team only twenty minutes for the recovery of injured players and other delays, is a good one, and it's success last fall shows that the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic association can take independent action on its football rules regardless of the northern colleges. I don't think there should be any change in the rules about tackling. The man tack. ling and not the man tackled is usually the one injured and no legislation can dictate how hard man shall or shall not play.
 VIM. P. TAYLOR, Yale,
The age-herald., 1898-01-09
To Remove Rough Features.

New Orleans, Jan. 8, 1898.
 The abolition of mass plays and the un- necessary rough features of the game is, as I understand it, the object of the pro- posed changes in the football rules. In ora der to accomplish this, I am inclined to favor a rule requiring seven men on the line at the time when the ball is put in play, and rule requiring a ten yard gain in four downs. But I am open to argument along any other line. My opinion will be greatly influenced by the simplicity of the changes to be mado in the rules. JOHN D. LOMBARD, r
 Tulane University.
The age-herald., 1898-01-09

will best accomplish this end is difficult to say at this time. Sentiment seems to favor requiring gain of ten instead of five yards on three downs, and requiring at least six men to stay on the line before the ball Is put to play. Of equal importance, however, is the matter of securing competent and fearless officials who will enforce the rules, and who should be sustained in their rul- ings by student bodies and spectators in general. The matter of umpring or ref ereeing is as a rule thankless task and should not be so.
 The Southern Intercollegiate Athletic as- sociation as acted with decision as to changing the rules and at the same time with conservatism, for final action will not betaken until the fourth Saturday in March. In the meantime abundant opportunity will be offered all the colleges in the asoscia- tion to make whatever suggestions they may wish, and whatever changes are con- templated elsewhere will have been accom- plished and we can have the benefit of such action in making our own rules.
 To sum up, the University of Georgia is anxious to see such legislation as will re- move the present premium on weight and give to the lighter and more active man equal opportunity for success as a foot ball player. c. H. HERTY,
 University of Georgia.
The age-herald., 1898-01-09
Don't Buck the Center.

Auburn, Ala, Jan. 8, 1898. In my opinion, mass plays and bucking the center-which is, in a sense, a mass play-should be abolished, they lay too much stress on mere brute strength. Be- sides, they prevent the game from being open.
 The distance gained in four downs should be ten yards instead of five, as now. This will tend to produce kicking or more open game.
 There should also be more definite rule that prohibits any one from coaching a team on the field, and the umpire should have the power to give over the ball, or to give ten yards, if the offending side has not the ball, just as in the case of foul by player. This coaching on the field is a most fragrant nuisance, but I think a definite rule as above will tend to break it up.
 The number of points given to a goal from the field, which is largely an acci- dent, should be cut down from five to three, at the most-may be less.
 c. H. ROSS.
 Alabama Polytechnic Institute.
The age-herald., 1898-01-09
Against Weight and Brute Force.

Birmingham, Ala, Jan. B. 1S9S
 The present outcry in the football world against weight and brute. force" is all wrong. It is not a teams weight or strength that makes the mass play so rough, but it is the concentration of the force of five or six men against one man on the opposing team. Herein lies the strength of the mass play.
 Not only are the mass plays uninterest- ing to the spectators, but the climate of the south is not invigorating enough for our
The age-herald., 1898-01-09

tilated figure, the princess rushea1go her apartments and fell in a swoon Never theless, preparations for the marriage were resumed and the ceremony was consum- mated.
The age-herald., 1898-01-09
Lost Her Sui..

Minneapolis, Jan. S.-Miss Julia Ging, the twin sister of Catherine Glng, the victim of Murderer Harry Haywood, has lost her suit against the Travellers Accident h. shrance company, to recover the face of an accident policy on her sisters life. Judge McGee held that the murder was not an accident, and that Miss Cling was not killed in defending her own life.
The age-herald., 1898-01-09
7c AND Sc
 A ROLL.

the Dissolution of Partnership Sale at Cola by & Rolls, 2023 First avenue.
The age-herald., 1898-01-09

A clean sweep sale of Car- pet and Mating remnants, sold regardless of the loss. Third floor.
 Loveman, Joseph & Loeb.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1898-12-02
Agricultural and Live Stock Department.

growing, and literally feed the ma
tured sheep. While the sheep Were
valuable, when on the pastures this
summer, for discriminating the
weeds and in adding to the fertility
of the soil, they are MT now worth
their most to you unless they have
been cared for in such way as to
have them healthy and vigorous.
Many of the internal parasites
which cause losses in the flock are
taken in while watering at foul
drinking places. Unless the water
supply is watched carefully there is
likely to be at least a loss of condi-
ton amoung them, if there is no
more serious loss.
1t is no objection against lambs
sent to market under year old that
they have not been castrated, and
there is no reason why this opera
ton should be performed on them.
1t is even question whether ii
would not be best to market all the
male sheep while lambs, and under
year old, and so save all this extra
work and risk.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1898-12-02
Swine.

If a little grain is thrown upon
coarse straw manure bunch of hogs
will do IA good job turning and flu
ing it. A Yankee farmer made goo
use of his swine as stump pullers !;
making holes under them with a
crowbar, he placed grain in the holes
and turned his hogs in the enclosure.
In roofing among the roots many of
the stumps were thrown out.
Even hogs do best under best con
ditlons, as do all other living things.
Be thoughtful for their comfort, and
care enough for their health to give
them high pens, that they may have
free circulation of air. This is not
only well, but it is essential.
A sow which brings you large lit
tiers of pigs and is IA good mother to
them is as fit to grace your farm as
she Is some one else's. Too many
farmers are willing to dispose of
such when they find they have one
which is profitable. Keep such a
sow as long as she is profitable
when she becomes breechy or ac-
quires other bad habits, slaughter
her or fatten her for market; do not
sell her to your neighbor.
When fed too long upon dry corn
hogs are apt to become feverish and
constipated, and they need just such
relief as oil meal will give. A liber-
al feeding of oil meal to the hogs i:
just as essential and profitable as
when fed to other stock. Some think
that the disappearance of hog chol.
era from farm is chiefly due to thi,
manner Of feeding.
The wise farmer sees more than
one thing at a time. The piggery
and the dairy go hand i'm hand. All
sorts of waste about the dairy can be
made to play right into the pig.
mouth.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1898-12-02

At all times of the year there is
some place on the farm where ma
nure can be spread to good advant
age. The stable and the yard should
be clear of all such collec tions when
winter sets in.
Europe is rapidly Catching on y"
All the countries over the sea are
learning that corn is the best and
the cheapest food for man or beast,
and are demanding it both for bread
and for stock fee ding. 1t asserts its
own worth, whether in flakes, grits
breakfast food, hominy, meal, fine
flour or glucose, and the demand is
so great that it will be kept from
falling below the point of good
profit.
One can generally pillow the wettest
portion of his fields in the fall to ad
vantage, if done late. 1t requires
more power to break it up, but the
splendid condition in the spring will
twice repay the expense. In late
fall blowing the land gets the benefit
of the freezing and thawing, which
it does not get if the blowing is done
earlier.
The farmer can make his own fire
eXtinguishers cheaply. Take 20 lbs
of common salt and 10 of sal ammo
MAC, and dissolve in seven gallons
of water. Put this into thin glass
quart bottles, cork tightly, and seal
to prevent evaporation. In case OF
fire throw these so as to break them
as. near the flame as possible, or, il
in such a place as to prevent the
bottle from breaking, knock off the
neck and scatter the contents. The
heat will generate the gas from the
mixture, which will suddenly work
its own destruction,
System is especially needful il
farm work because thrift of so many
living things is in the power of the
farmer. There should be eXac
punctuality in feeding stock, ever
for their own thrift; the family
meals should be on time, and 81
should the farmer to eat them; the
children should not be delayed il
starting for school, both for the pres
ent benefit and because of the lessor
of punctuality they learn; work il
much easier when each one know
his exact time and place. Remem
Der that worry kills.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1898-12-02

placed with new ones; and it may
be well to have a small nursery of
trees coming on all the time in some
corner of the garden TO meet the
possible demands of the orchal d.
Mulchng the fruit trees tends TO
delay blossOming and starting to
grow in the spring, and lessons the
risk of injury from late frostF.
Furthermore, it is an exceptional
case when the best thrift and growth
of young trees will be procured
without proper mulching until rel =
sonably well established.
A truth which many have not
considered is that if the owner of
every 1850 acre farm would plant and
cultivate 10 or 20 acres of the best
varieties of forest trees, this tract
would in 20 years be worth NOR e
than all the rest of that farm.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1898-12-02

1t is sad mistake to turn trees
out to grass before they have been
fully weaned from the nursery, or to
forget that they need cultivation
just as much as does corn or other
vigorously growing plants. Plant
them right and care for them, and
they Will do their best.
The Increase in population in CT.
ties and towns is away ahead or
fruit planting. There will never be
overproductlon of fruit in this coun
try. That is the old cry, but there
has been steady demand and in
creasing prices.
The farmer would find his incou @
appreciably increased if he woulu
apply to his apple orchard some OF
that energy spent in tilling the corn
and potato fields on his rocky hill
sides and sandy splains. When at
leisure, let him cut out all the de-
cayed aud superfiuous branches
from the valuable trees; and then
let him graft such strong, healthy
stock as bears poor fruit to good,
marketable varieties. Worthless
trees should be cut down and re-
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1898-12-02
MURDER TRIALS.
The Cost of Some of the Famous New
York Cases.

The Cost of Some of the Famous New
York Cases.
1t cost the taxpayers about $4,000 to
convict Carlyle Harris of the murder by
poison of his young wife, and for the de-
Tense of that ingenious youth his mother
paid S15, 900 more in special fees and re.
tainers. Five thousand dollars of this sum
went to John A. Taylor, the junior coun-
sci. William Trayers jerome led for the
defense, but the amount of his fee has
never yet been approximately estimated.
No official estimate of the cost of the
trial of Robert W. Buchanan for the poi
soning of the old woman whom he married
has ever been made public, The case occu-
pied seven full weeks and at the close
counsel on both sides figured the cost Of
the prosecution, including the heavy fees
of such experts as LoOmis, Doremus and
others at $50, 600. As Buchanan paid over
the entire $25, 900 which he received by the
death of his wife in the vain effort to save
himself from the death penalty his case
could not have involved less than S45, 600
In expenses.
The two trials of Dr. Meyer, the poison
er, are said, on good authority, to have
cost the county $35, 600. Just what he paid
Charles W. Brooke for his defense has
never been known. His resources were
| probably exhausted by the first trial-cut
short by the insanity of juror-for in the
second hearing counsel for the defense APP
piled to the court for the statutory allow
ance of $500.
The determination of the police and the
district attorneys Office to convict Mrs.
Mary Alice Fleming at any cost of the
murder of her mother involved the county
in a loss of S26, 1000, of which $4,000 went
to the jury and talesmen, $40, 100 to the
experts, So, 500 to the attorneys and the
remainder in general expenses. Mrs Flem-
ing estimates that her defense cost 1872, 900
OF the $4,000 in the hands of the city
chamberlain.
Mrs. Florence Maybrick's trial at Liver
/ pool in 1889 for the poisoning of her hus-
band was the sensation of the year Her
prosecution, including the salary of JUS
tice stephen (S25, 900 year,, the retainers
and refreshers paid to John Addison, O.
c., the leading counsel for the prosecution,
and his two assistants, the employment Of
such famous experts as Carter and Robert
son, the expenses of witnesses and general
preparations of the case, reached in all about
$4,000 for ten working days. Sir Charles
how Lord-Russell, who led for the de-
Tense, received So, 900 and daily refresher
of $500. Added to this were the fees for
| junior counsel, for the solicitors for the
defense and expert testimony, Mrs. May
brick calling very few lay witnesses. Alto
gether her defense reached $l5,OOO.-New
York journal.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1898-12-02
Poultry.

More food of the same kind, given
at long and irregular intervals, Will
not give fowls the same vigor or size
as when it is doled out to them at
regular, stated times of feeding.
Haphazard ways will bring poor re-
suits always.
Until cold weather makes it neces-
sary to take them to private quar-
ers, let the young chick make thell
home in their own coops, giving
them larger boxes, if necessary anu
be sure to clean them out often.
The older geese are the best breed
ers and laye and grow the most
ana the best feathers, while the
younger members of the flock bring
the best prices in the market. Keep
the older geese and sell the younger.
If the latter are not now ready, two
or three weeks of proper feeding
will make them SO.
1t Is the nature of fowls to be up
as soon as they can see to go about,
ana they should have an early
breakfast. Make the pigs share
their milk, 50 that the blddies may
have a daily ration. They prize
| uOJllluR lllOlO Jlldll WIG IdulO SCIdpS,
and See that they have them while
| fresh.
Ii any farmer keeps scrub chickens
| it rs BECAUSE he has never figured
upon the profit OF Keeping good on, S.
la no conditions will halT hearted
attention bring up full and fine lot
of chickt rs.
There " ill be less trouble with soft
shelled eggs, and less danger of
their being eaten, If the hens are
given all possible freedom. EXer.
else and the lime the fowls pick up
are both essential in overcoming
these troubles.
There is no better way to provide
for the necessary dryness in the hen
coop than to bulId IL on mound of
earth or hillside.
More profit can be had from cheap
structures for the poultry, and hens
Will be just AS happy and just as
busy in them. Costly houses are not
a necessary part of the poultry bust
ness.
A pound of poultry can be pro-
duced as cheaply as can "a pound OF
beef, mutton or pork, and there is no
reason why it should not be an every
day article of diet. There is no rea-
son in considering it one of the lux
uries to be reserved for special oc-
caslOns in the farmers family.
If the dust bath is composed in
part of air Stacked lime or tine wood
ashes the fowls Will soon rid them
selves of lice by smotherlng them.
Lice breed in the drOppings, and
these should be removed often. 1t is
u good thing to sprinkle the floor of
the house with kainit, which, beside
being an insectlcide, is an excel
lent preservatOr of the manure, and
ADDS 10 its value. Every few weeks
the building should be made as
tight as possible and fumigated with
carbon blsulphide; pour little in a
saucer aud let stand 10 or II hours,
remembering that it is explosive
and dangerous ii not kept from a
light.
Coal ashes should be used freely
about poultry houses, aud they can't
De put to better use. Wood ashes
are Objectionable for two reasons
they contain the actual potash and
lnjure the droppings by liberating
ammonia, auu, because they are
caustic, they cause feet and legs of
the fowls to become sore, especially
IN damp weather. They will be
much more serviceable If scattered
upon the grass plot.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1898-12-02
Sheep.

Do not be knocked out by adverse
circumstances in sheep keeping. A
small flock of sheep is sometimes
good to keep, if not to sell. They
are good scavengers; and one is sure
to get his money back either from
the wool or the mutton.
The fine wool breeds of sheep are
most subject to foot rot. Perhaps
the best way to treat it is to cut off
the diseased portion and apply nitric
acid.
Sulphur should be kept in ready
reach in the sheep house; insects
and vermin do not like it, and it is
preventive of many ills. Further, a
piece of roll birthstone should be
found in the feed troughs of the
horses and the cattle.
Never permit the lambs to quit
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1898-12-02
Berlin,s Numerous Divorces.

1t is fact relatively little known that
Berlin, in the matter of divorces, beats all
the other capitals of Europe and is sur
passed only by some Of the states of North
America The exact figures are: In Ber-
lin, 32 divorces to each 10000 marriages !;
in Utah, 96; Montana, 70; Wyoming, 7O;
Colorado, 81; Nevada, so; Oregon, As;
Washington, As; California, 40; Idaho, 40;
Illinois, 33. In Europe, however, Ber-
lin exceeds all other large cities, Hamburg
being the next with q. Paris shows 81
per 10, OOO For the whole of France the
figures are now S.5 against 8. up to 1884
adoption of the Noquet law of DIVORCED
Switzerland shows 900; Denmark, II. / (;
Saxony, l5.7 Tor the same figures as Mas
sachusetts) The lowest figures in Prus-
STA are shown by Westphalia, with 81;
Hanover, 80 Mecklenburg shows 81;
Baden, 33; Hungary, 8. l.-Chicago REQ
ord