The age-herald., 1898-09-24
HISTORY OF
 YELLOW JACK

The first authentic account of yellow fever comes from Bridgetown, Barbadoes, in 1647, where it was recognized as a nova pestis,' that was unaccountable in it's or igin, except that Ligon, the historian of the colony, who was then on the spot, con- nected it with the arrival of ships. It was the same pestilence that Dutertre, writing in 1867, described as having occurred in the French colony of Guadeloupe in 1885 and 164O; it recurred at Guadeoupe in 164S, and broke out in peculiarly disastrous form at St. Kitts the same year and again In 1652; in 1655 it was at Port Royal, Ja- maica and from those years onward 1t be- came familiar at many harbors in the West Indies and Spanish Main, and in the Atlantic ports of the British American col- onies. It is a question whether it had oc- cured at Porto Rico, Santo Domingo, and other places in the Spanish Antilles a good many years before; but the reports from the colonies of New Spain, both for that and subsequent periods, are highly defec- tive as regards the data needed to distin- guish yellow fever from the bilious remit tant form of malarial fever, which is non- infective sickness. The Mexican form of typhus, called "matlazahuatl," which has been an indigenous disease of the native population in the interior for several cen turies, has no other connection with ye!- low fever than that it belongs to the same family of typhus, its circumstances arc quite different, especially in respect that it is purely inland form of febris paupehum. In 1883 yellow fever appeared for the first time at Calloa and Lima, Peru; and almost in the same months a severe epidemic pre- vailed among the plantation hands in the Sierra region of the interior. The two forms were described as the same disease by pr. Archibald Smith; but the fever of the Sierras was afterwards shown to be a form of typhus analogous to the native Mexican form and quite unconnected with the yellow fever of the coast
 In the harbors of the American colonies (United States) the history of yellow fever has been as follows: It begins to be heard of at Charleston in 1893 and at Philadelphia the same year. The South Carolina ports has the fullest record of it, next in order in the earlier period being Philadelphia, New York and Norfolk, Va. Towards the end of the eighteenth century the ports of New England as far as New Hampshire, have visitations, and it begins to be quite com- mon at Baltimore, Wilmington, Savannah and New Orleans At a still later pe.iod ((within the nineteenth century, we find the center of incidehce shifting so as to in- clude Mobile, Memphis, Natchez, St. Fran cisville and Baton Rouge and In the most recent periods outbreaks are recorded at Galveston and other ports of Texas, and at Pensacola, Vicksburg and Key West. The Atlantic ports gradually lost it, and the gulf ports took up the inheritance, several of them keeping it still. Some of the epl- denies were very disastrous one of the Philadelphia outbreaks corresponding to the pestilence which figures in the last sec ton of Longfellow's Evangeline, Wealth has no power to bribe, nor beauty to charm the oppressor."
 Along with the harbors and anchorages of the West Indies and Spanish Main, the three chief harbors of Guiana Cheyenne. Surinam and Demerara) have had an equal share and for almost the same pelled. But for Brazilian ports there is no record of yellow fever until 1S49, when it appeared for the first time at Rio de Janero, Bahia and other places. These ports became cpl demic seats of the infection TOT that year, and are now more distinctively the head- quarters of the disease than it's old west Indian and Mexican centers. MonteVldeo had disastrous epidemic III loot, tliiu plenos Ayres a visitation in 1858; but the sbinpng places of the River Platte are not in the same class of endemic focl as the harbors of Brazil.
 There have been a few epidemics al trao- ing places on the west coast or A1llca, most of them subsequent to 1S2O, and all or them confined generally to white residents.
 During the great period or yellow lever d793- -1SO5) and for some years afterwards inc disease found its way time after tune to various ports of Spain. Cad1z, lndeed' suffered five epidemics in the eighteenth century Malaga one and Lisbon one; put from 1900 down to 1921 the disease assumed much more alarming proportions, Cadiz be- ing still its chief seat, while Seville, Mal- aga. Cartegena, Barcelona, Palma, Glprai- tar and other shipping places suffered se- yerely, as well as some of the country dis tricts nearest to the ports. These Spanl n outbreaks were clearly connected with the arrival of ships, but for the most part there had not been cases of yellow fever on board of the ships. The last severe cpl demic on Spanish soil was at Barcelona in the summer of 1S21 when 5000 persons died The most recent disastrous epidemic in Europe was at Lisbon in 1857, when upwards of 5000 died in a few weeks. Tho outbreaks at St. NaZaire 0S6D, Leghorn, Swansea 0S64), and Southampton have been carefully studied but are otherwise of minor importance.
 NORCAN,S NAME