The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1898-12-06

| for IIT1 u So" 49,
- well rs ahandon the idea Of fruit. ana
had better not plant the orchard Dur
iny the time wnle the trees are small
there are some hocd crops that can ht
well grown in it 10 pay for the expense
| or cultivation. Corn i too total I crop
| and 100 long on the ground. LoW-SroW-
| in~ vegetables are far better. especially
| those mat come off the ground III early
ana midsummer. for the cultivation ot an
| orchard should cease by July /. 50 that
the growth Of the season can be properly
rin,ned. Al this time the orchard should
IL. >oWu iii peas. and the peas should ht
| allowed 10 die on the land for 4 soil
cover.
This course should hc pursued till the
trn..S begin to bear: then smooth the land
for tle mower and SOW down in grass
and AZ fast IL the grass gets SIX or elsht
inches high. run the mower over II anu
| leave the cut grass to die ana decay
| where il fell. Every few years appiy Il
ton dressing Of phosphate and potash
| fertilizer.
When the orchard has gotten into bear
| ing and is properly kept fertile, ana the
grass sod is allowed to accumulate ana
grow dense by the decay of the cut grass,
! tnere will be little left - do except to
guard against insect enemies and fungus
| diseases.
For a house orchard plant the follow
ing varieties III North Carolina: For
SIMMER Carolina Red June. Early Har-
| VEST. Harness. Red -Astrachan. May Vel
low. Hunge. Horse. Yellow Transparent.
summer Pearmain. For fall, Bonum.
buckingham. Carolina Beauty. Rome
Beauty. Hoover. For winter. Paragon.
| Albpmarle Pippin. Ben Davis. McCuller ;
Winter. Edwards. MattamuSket, Nan>e-
mond Beauty. ROYAL IimbertWig. Wine
sap. York Imperial. Pine Stump, Van
Hoy. Yates.
For market. plant only Arkansas
Black. Ben Davis. York Imperial. Wine
sap. Royal LimbertWig. Edwards. Nc
Culler'S Winter. Van Hoy. Nansemond
Beauty and Pine Stump.
In gathering apples never shake the
fruit from the tree and never pack fol
market any apples that nave fallen from
the tree. Gather every apple by halld
and place it carefully in Il basket. The
applc north use ladders. made on
the place. of a light pine pole split some
distance from the butt end, and rungs
stuck i'll to keep the lower end apart.
while the entire upre. part is but I single
pole with rungS stuck through. This
kind of n ladder can be stuck in any
where en- the tree and makes it possible
to reach all the apples. 1t is simply | k
Il long wagon pole with rungS stuck
through. The gatherer takes a Light bas-
ket and lets it down by u rope when full.
The barrels are taken INTO the orchard
and hacked right there. The name OF the
apple is marked on the bottom Of the bar
rel. which is to be the top when opened.
\ layer of apples is then placed, stem
down, on the bottom. ali over so as to
make IA good appearance when opened,
but the same quality must run al through
the barred. The apples re then poured
carefully into the barrel. which is shaken
gently to settle them and the barrel IS
filled a little above the top. The ned
is now laid on and with a screw press It
is forced in. Then the apples cannot be
come bruised by shaking III he barre.
Fire process just described for packing
for market is the best that can be devised
for keeping the apples. Apples that are
to be kept for home use will keep better
tightly packed in the barrels in the or
chard as fast as gathered. Ii not sold
at once: pile the barrels en- their sides in
a cool. airy place under shelter. and rs
the weather gets colder put them IN Il
tight house on their sides, with q thick
layer of. straw under them, and, in very
cold snaps. Il thick layer over them. N
will keep them in any weather we have
if III 4 close building. for it takes 4 very
low temperature to freeze an apple pack
ed IN 4 close barrel and sheltered. There
IS more danger of keeping them too warm
than too cold. Just at or 4 little above
the feeling point Of water will keep them
all right.
Tight barrels. tight packed. are the
only packages lit for winter app es, and
any attempt to yentilate the barrels is
worse than useless. Never ship them III
lath crates if the fruit is expected to
sell we'll.
WHEN TO APPLY MANURE.
\ year ago the Ohio Experiment Sta
ton began Il comparative test between
COW manure taken directly from the sta
bic to the field in the spring. and manure
of the same sort which had been allowed
to lie in the open yard during the winter.
The plan of the experiment Is to apply
both kinds of manuretO land intended for
corn. plow under at Il shallow depth. and
follow the corn with wheat and clover,
without any further manuring. -Four
duplicate plots are treated with each kind
of manure. applied at the rate Of eight
tons per acre. the treatment for each
pair Of plots being exactly alike II all 9th
er respects. The result thus far is thai
the corn Of 1881 gav al Increase Of
thirteen bushels per acre from the yard
manure against sixteen bushels from the
stall manure and the wheat crop follow
ing has given III increase of ten bushels
per acre FOR the yard manure against ele-
ven bushels from the stall manure. Valu-
ING the corn at 33 cents and the wheat AT
so cents per bushel and the straw and
clover ut S3 per ton. the increase from
the yard manure in the two crops mas
amounted to $50 per acre and that from
the stall manure to ST.. an average Of 50
per ton for the manure. with further eff
feet probable Oh succeeding crops.
The Georgia farmers appear to have
learned something. The Monroe Advcr-
tiser says: The hog and hominy rails
~, :. va NOT uprr1-iJpr o1-aJ. tho low lNricn