davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15

Shall a diploma or academic degree
be given for proficiency in the science
and art Of agriculture? This question
is being considered in all seriousness
by the ancient English University OF
Cambridge. AS farmers cannot be
made by the use of libraries and labor
atories alone, it is understood that a
degree would be conditioned on a GER
tain term Of residence and actual prac-
tice on a farm. In America a%gricultur-
al colleges with model farms have
long been in operation, and although
still under challenge in some educa-
tional circles, they are doubtless con-
tributing to raise the standard and dig
nifty of the farmers life, and to put
the most important of all branches OF
productive industry on a basis of intel
.!igence and self-respect, with a reason
;able promise of increasing profits
through improving processes.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
ADMIRAL
Enemies and sickness Adding to Hi
Burden.

NJ
Burden.
Havana, Oct. II. - Rear Admiral
SIMPSONS continued illness is having
a depressing effect upon the other
members of the evacuation commits
sion. The relations the members have
borne toward II another have been
more than cordial. Generals Wade
and Butler fear Admiral Sampson can
not recover unless given absolute rest
from care. 1t is said that news
brought to Admiral Sampson in pri-
waite dispatches from Washington had
caused him to worry and made the
progress toward recovery slow. 1t is
said that Admiral Sampson knows Il
plot has been formed to make him
bear a ]:irg" part Of the burden of the
responsibility for the suffering Of the
soldiers Il, Santiago and ON the return
trip to the United States. The admiral
is worn in mind and body by the terri
bic ,''ain to which he hasbeen sub
iectei' since he was appointed to the
Maine Inquiry commission. He is in
no coalition now to withstand the
worry caused by the present move
mcHt against him.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15

Farris, Nina, Oct. 1O.-AnXiety is
incre aSing daily among citizens. In
dams are reported taking their women
and children north into the wilderness,
and they are seer passing along the
trails during the nights in large num-
bers. After disrosing of the women
aud children the Indians who are in
sympathy with the rensga!es will re-
turn to reinforce these already fight
ing. Small bands CT armed Indians
in the direction Of Bear island. II
Government timber estimators ana
cruisers for the different lumber COM
panies have arrived from the Indian
country seeking shelter. and report
having seen several Indian inner on
the Red lake Indian trail going in the
direction of Red lake to get other In
dams to join the renegades. One Of
t'.ese Indian unncrs told the cruisers
OF the battle ut Bear island, saving the
Indians whipped the troops. Moro
soldiers are coming. Going to set
more Indians. OSe Indian whip fou:
soldiers" The indians are jnh!l; mt
over the victory they claim, and. say
they had hot bacon for dinner Wednes-
day. claiming they fired the last shot.
Citizens a%pprehend that Gen. Bacon's
report of victory vas premature. rs
the facts do not sustain that preStnp-
ton. The citizens
Are Prnctfcnlly Un.rmed
and would make feeble resistance if
reached here late last evening of the
killing of a white man near Bear
island during the day. Settlers living
near the Indian reservations are seek
ing shelter in the towns along the rail
road. \ large band of Indians, about
$50, is reported camped within two
miles north of this town. Armed citi-
zens are %gua"!ir=. the town, expecting
an attack duri,.. the night or early
morning. Indi.ns processing tn be
friendly. We're at Graceland, Il mile
and a half west Of here. trying to pur-
chase ammunition.
1t is known that there is a number
of desperate I"dians living north and
west of Lake Winnebagoshish who
join the renegades with little provoca-
ton. Many who wanted to avail them
selves of. the opportunity to cut down
timber last season were crowded out
by white men having Indian women
who have not lived on she reserva-
tiors, causing much dissatisfaction
among the indians. T1i> :own would
be entirely at tie mccoy of tie Indians
should they make an attack. The diff
fculty .!ntler which Gov. Clough is
laEoring in his endeavors to get troops
here to protect the people is fully ap-
prcciatej.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
BANK OF HAWAII.

Sun Francisco Capitalists Going to
Open One at Honolulu.
San Francisco. Oct. 12.-The Call
a v that when the Gaelic leaves this
port to-day she will have on board two
local bankers. bound for Hawaii.
Upon their arrival a bank will be es-
tahlished in Honolulu, which will be
called the First National Bank of
Hawaii, with Il capitalization Of
$1,000. 900. The local bankers. whose
names are withheld. will be accom-
panied by Fletcher S. HeatMof New
York. who represents several swealthy
men in this city.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
ga TRIPLE
England. the United States and Cam
Il IOtnetl by Mr.. Chamberlain.

England. the United States and Cam
ndn .lOfned by Mr.. Chamberlain.
Paris. Oct. 12.-The Evenment pub
fishes the substance Of an interview
with Mr.. Chamberlain, British secre-
tary of state for the colonies, who IS
now in America. in which the English
man is quoted as saying he considers
the United States. owing to the recent
war. to be in the same position as
Crest Britain in Egypt, adding that
the United States has the same impel-
ativc duty to keep the Philippine
islands. Mr.. Chamberlain is said to
have added: The moment has arrived
for the United States to prepare for
an extension of it's territory, and in
ORDER to realize this ideal she will 2ot
refuse Great Rritain's support.
United. Great Britain. the United
Stat"s and Canada would be invulncr-
.!jn
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
WANTED THEIR PAY.


MutinoES Troops in Cuba Garry
Their Point.
Havana. Oct. 12.-In confirmation OF
previous reports of an uprising among
the irregulars in the Santa Clara
province in an attempt to enforce their
demands for payment in full before
laying down their arms, it can he
stated officially that over 1000 irregu-
lar troops, modified during the war,
rose on Tuesday in the vicinity of
Cienfaegns. throwing up breastworks,
making blockhouses and. preparing
openly to revolt unless they were paid.
Gen. Agl:r"e, military commander Of
the province, paid the men, settling all
accounts. after which the men were
satisfied to lay down their arms,
which they did on Thursday.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15

1t was characteristic of Hamilton
Fish, Jr., the young sergeant of the
Rough Riders, who, being mortally
wounded, asked to be carried to the
front to die, that upon his watch should
have been engraved the crests Of his
ancestors, Alexander Hamilton and
Nicholas Fish, with the motto, God
will give. Henry Nv. Of France, breath
ing his last, uttered the n word,
Remember" but every time young
Fish looked at his watch he put him
self in remembrance that noble parent
age demands in the sons noble living as
we'll as noble death: that "God will
give" is merely attendant upon noblesse
oblige.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15

The class of '99, in school and
college the world over, now enters
on the final stage of its course. How
brief and pleasant in recollection the
closing year of the momentous series
will be! Senior dignity and privilege,
how enjoyable and e%nviable! A grad
uating year is opportunity as we'll as
privilege. "Redeeming the time," a
moor record may be atoned for, a new
average established. Those who have
dome we'll can do better. All can DEM
onstrate the truth that preparation is
not a matter Of fits and starts. but
steady endeavor. COURAGE. hose.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
REMAIN IN CUBA.
Gen. Plnnco Gives His Soldiers "
nance

Gen.. BlancO Gives His Soldiers q
Chance.
Havana. Oct. 1O.-Capt. Gen. Blanco
has issued Il decree permitting the
soldiers, both regulars and volunteers,
VINO served their country six years as
required by law. to remain in Cuba:
Some of the soldiers will take advant-
age of the proclamation and lay down
their arms to enter peaceful pursuits
here, although the authorities have a
large number who choose to return to
the peninsula. This proclamation
comes as a surprise and goes to show
that Gen. Blanco desires to treat the
soldiers with the utmost fairness and
do that which seems to him for the
best interests of Spain, Cuba and his
soldiers.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
AT THE AGENCY.
Gen. Bacon Takes Part Of His Conn
maud to Leech la lie Agency.

Gen. Bacon Takes Part Of His Conn
mand to Leech Lake agency.
Walker, Mimi, Oct. 10.-Gen. Bacon
wired Washington to know what ac-
ton had been taken with regard to
protecting Cass. Lake, Red Lake and
other neighboring settlements, so that
he might cooperate with other forces
Gen. Bacon. with 2O6 soldiers of the
Third infantry. embarked at Walker
en- transports and went to the Leech
Lake agency, where the command
went into camp. and which will be in
command of Lieut.. Col. Harbach dur
ing Gen. Bacon's absence in Walker.
The camp has been named Camp Will
kinson. in honor of the gallant soldier
who fell in Wednesdays battle.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Hoods SarsapaHH
Told By Figures.

No fewer than 1,173 persons have
been buried in Westminster Abbey.
Russia is said to own 100000 horse
e%s-nearly one-half of the whole num-
Der in existence.
More than 100000 sewing machines
are made in this country annually,
which is 80 per cent of the production
Of the world.
Taking the average depth of the sea
to be three miles, there would be a
layer Of salt go feet deep if the water
should evaporate.
The oldest university in the world is
Ell Ayhar at Cairo. 1t is the greatest
Mohammedan university, having clear
records dating back nearly a thousand
years.
Artificial legs and arms were in use
in Egypt as early as B. G. 100. They
were made by the priests, who We're
the physicians of that early time.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
REPATRIATION.

Spanish Government Will Give Up
Philippine Prisoners.
Madrid, Oct. 1O.-The government
has resolved that the Philippine pris-
oners held by Spain will be repatri-
ated, also the negro soldiers who came
here from Cuba. Gen. %JaudeneZ. who
made the communication to the Span
ish government. has given the opinion
that if Spain returns the Philippine
prisoners Gen. Aguinaldo will give up
his Spanish prisoners. Some aston
ishment has been caused here by the
announcement that one of the chiefs of
the staff of the Spanish army in Porto
Rico has begged to be retired, as he
wishes to reside in tie island.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
OF CUBA.
Reports. Indicate That 1t Is Going on
Satihfact0rilY and Smoothly.

Reports Indicate Tint 1t Is Going. on
Satisfactorily and Smoothly.
Washington, Oct. 12.-Advices re-
ceived at til. war department indicate
that the evacuation Of Cuba by the
Spanish forces is proceeding salts
factorily and smoothly. I'll. threat
ened trouble at Manzanillo has blown
over and the Spaniards have yielded
control to the American forces. The
following dispatch was received at the
wal department.:
Havana, Oct. 12.-Adjutant General,
Washington: The Spanish forces
evacuating Manzanillo. vacates mill
tcry control by Spain over the entire
southern coast line west to the juris-
diction Of Juraco.
-wo6o Chairman
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15

Suicide is the supreme act OF the
gutter. 1t is seldom a good thing
except in the taking off of a superluous
member of society whose possibilities
have been exhausted by the dramatist
or the novelist. All the world admires
q game man and so do the angels. The
hysteria which turns the hand of a
man upon himself is not philosophy,
but spite and petulance. Even the man
who devotes himself to ~frivolity is a
more impressive character than the
gutter.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
CANNIBAL A
Slaughter of Head Hunters in West
ern Australia.

Slaughter of Head Hunters in West
ern Australia.
Victoria, b. c., Oct. 1O.-News re-
ceiyed from Australia by. the Warri-
moo states that head hunters, a cannl-
bal faction Of the natives of Rendova,
have of late been extremely active in
the prosecution Of their horrible GUS
tom, and u terrible atrocity was com
mitted by them on the western por-
ton Of the protectorate. They cap
tured a. village, and, after slaughter
ing many inhabitants, returned home
with thirty prisoners. These thirty
We're killed and eaten at a barbaric
feast given by the head hunters in
honor Of their victory. One OF the
most notorious of the head hunting
chiefs has since been captured by the
British.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Nh Occasion for Lying,

No OccasfOn Tor Lying.
'"There is one good thing about the
consolidation Of the two Cities" said
the Brooklyn a
whats that" asked the New
Yorker.
"Why, when 1 go out of town now I
can register from New York without
Observation-Disclosures News.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
LAFAYETTE Monument Fund.

Washington, Oct. 12.-Hon. Charles
G. Dawes, controller Of the treasury
and treasurer Of the fund to be raised
by voluntary contributions by the
school children of the United States to
erect q monument in Paris to Gen.
Lafayette, is receiving encouraging re-
ports from all sections. Although Oct.
10 is the date fixed by the committee
on which collections r to be taken
up in all the schools, donations al
ready have begun to arrive.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Stolen Wenlth Rcstored.

Stevens Point, Wis.,. Oct. 1O.-The
$4,000 stolen from its hiding place
under Joseph .~Strewsbach's woodshed
floor II few days ago. was returned to
the old hermit by Sheriff Wheelock.
who received $1,000 as a reward. The
sheriff refused to divulge to the public
the name of the burglar and no prose-
cutions will follow.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
VERDICT

The Mcintyre Courtlmartial Has Sec
Ended.
Denver, Col, Oct. 1".-The naval
courtmartial in the case of Chaplain
Joseph H. Mcintyre has completed it's
verdict. and Capt. Laucheimer. judge
advocate Of the court. is Oh his way
to Washington, bearing the documents
to the head Of the navy department.
No portion Of it's contents is to be
made public until it is given out from
the proper authorities at the national
capital.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Threshers Robbed,

Winona. Mimi, Oct. 1O.-A crew of
threshers from the Dakota grain fields
who boarded a freight train at st. Paul
on Thursday night, bound for Winona,
were held up by four men who entered
the car just as the train was starting.
The crew was relieved of all the
money they had, about $3.50. Four of
the crew were thrown off for attempt
ing to resist. The robbers then
dropped off and nothing more was
seen Of them.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Real Swell.

"Chollie says he is in favor OF expan-
sion."
"How on earth did he ever happen to
nave an idea on the subjectw
81 don't know; but l think it struck
him as something swell."-lndianapo-
lis journal.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Fell Eour Levels

/. Lead, s. D., Oct. 12.-Ole Laenonan,
an employee in the Homestake mine,
fell four levels down the shaft and
was instantly killed. The Homestake
company was exonerated from blame.
The mar al twenty-seven years old
and leaves q wife.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
BORROWING TROUBLE.
South DakOtans Fear an Indian I
rising.

rising.
Sturgis, S. D., Oct. 1O.-Reports
reach here hourly that among cattle
men great uneasjness is felt owing to
peculiar actions of Indians, who, it is
feared. arr about to follow the eX.
ample Of the Pillagers. Should they
go upon the warpath nothing could be
done to protect outlying settlers, as
only troops enough for garrison duty
are left at Fort Meade. Great excite
mcnt exists,
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
To BE Mustered Out.

Sioux City. Iowa. Oct. 1O.-Mpmbers
of the ~Fifty-second Iowa volunteer in
'fantry are gathered in Sioux City to
the number of 600 or 700 OH their way
to Des Moines to be mustered out OF
the service. They began arriving here
Sat, rday night, and will leave for the
capital this morning.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Robbcr still Unfound.

Winnipeg. Man., Oct. 12.-Tlle MOI
sons bank robbery mystery is still un-
solved. A rigid examination of the
bank staff has been in progress since
the arrival OF the chief Inspector of
banks from Montreal, and special bank
detectives have been brought from the
Pinkerton agency in Chicago. with no
apparent result. No arrests have been
made and no clues have been discov-
ered 50 far as can be learned.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Robber. Quickly Captured,

Jackson, Mimi. Oct. 1O.-A farm
hand, Nels Swanson, was held up at
the point of a revolver by three
strangers and relieved of Sis. The
robbers We're pursued and overtaken
by Deputy Sheriff Dunn three miles
east in r. schoolhouse. They pulled a
revolver. but were covered by Dunn
and brought to Jail. The anne given
We're John Hebron, Bert Carroll and
John Carroll. The hold-up occurred in
the railroad yards.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Two Men Burned to Death,

Sioux City, Iowa, Oct. 1O.-Two men
were cremated in a fire at the Hotel
Grande, at Leeds. two miles from
here. They registered after every one
else was in bed except the landlady,
Mrs. X. J. Glenn. She cannot remem-
Der their names, and the register was
burned with the building. The Leeds
Creamery company's plant was also
consumed. The total loss was $4,000.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
The Ansered Actor.

DO you mean to tell me that Barnes
former smashed his wheel just be-
cause the tire got punctured? The
ideal"
'"That is what he did. He said he
would allow no COMPOUNDED lnanimate
thing of steel and iron to hiss at him.
Indianapolis Journal.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Itnl, yco Poor.

Rome. Oct. II. - Owing to Italy's
financial straits the minister Of ma
rine. Admiral di Canevero, has aban-
doned the sweeping naval programme,
involving the expediture Of 45,0O0,00O
lire, and will be satisfied with Il naval
credit this year Of 2S,O0O,OO lire. n
ministerial crisis is thus averted. 1t
is expected that the budget for the
current year will shcw a deficiency Of
100000 lire.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Rtc,, Find Of Gold crartx

Victoria, B. c., Oct. 12.-News is re-
ccivcd here Of the finding Of gold
quartz at Skaguay going $1,000 to the
ton. Tho news comes from n very re-
liable source, and, although the exact
location is not made known, it is
within Il very short distance of the
Gateway City.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
In Memorv OF p,r,cll.

Dublin, Oct. 1O.-Ascs; II the citizens
of Dublin wore the ivy ,,at yesterday,
it being the anniversary OF the death
Of Charles Stewart Parncll. Thou
sands participated in the cemetery. the
lord mayor and council, delegations
from the municipalities and chief
towns of Ireland in full regalia taking
part in the ceremony.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Lea.ing All the Coal Lands.

Wichita, Kan. Oct. PA Poteau, l.
T., dispatch says a deal is on foot by
which all the coal lands in the terri
tory will be leased and held indef-
nitely until the company is ready to
work the coal or sell its leases. John
d. Rockefeller is to furnish the money,
the dispatch saws,
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Flow tn prevent Hor Cholera,

~ How to Prevent Hog Cholera.
y HOG CHOLERA is caused by indiges-
IN ton and can be prevented by feeding
EES&> cooked feed. We advise our read
&. W. ers to write the EMPIRE MFG. CO..
VISA go Hampshire ST., Quincy, ILL.,.
M3eMsM#S> for Catalogue OF FEEL CooKERA
EE#######N NSErMMIXlThese Cookers save at least one
I###@|Mx third the feed put stockinhealthy
M@@%%Xp condition, save your hogs andwiu more
than pay for themselves in one weeks use
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Donnelly Declines.

Hastings, Mimi. Oct. 1O.-Ignatius
Donnelly of Nininger, the middle-of-
the-road nominee for the vice presi-
dency Of the United States, has de-
clined to become q candidate for re-
election to the house on the Populist
ticket.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
S-,cI Inv Fritz.

New York, Oct. 12.-Robert Fitzsim-
mons filed a suit against the Gilsey
house for $4,000. ]. H. Breslin, the
proprietor. refused to serve the boxer
Il meal a few days ago.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
senator Kyle Recovered.

Cleveland, Ohio, Oct. Ex-senator
Kyle Of South Dakota, who was
stricken with paralysis at the Forest
City house some weeks ago, as 80
for recovered that he will leave for
washington on Thursday.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Looted.

Caledonia, Mimi. Oct. ,O.-The post
Office here was broken into. the safe
blown open and robbed of $50 in
money and stamps. No arrests,
though vigorous pursuit is being
made. A reward of 5000 is offered for
the conviction of the offenders.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Bnd Fire at Tonnhnwk.

Tomahawk, Wis. Oct. 1O.-Rice
Bros box factory, Bradley company's
planning mill, a car loaded with lumber,
a car loaded with empty boxes, one
dwelling house and a feed mill were
destroyed by fire.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
SPAIN CAME DOWN.
Evacuation Proceedings Are H,
ried Along.

EvacuatiOn P~rOceedfnga Are HuF-
ried ALONG.
Madrid, Oct. Pit is said here that
the evacuation of Porto Rico will be
completed next week and that the
evacuation of Cuba will be accom-
plished by the end of November. The
government is employing twenty-one
vessels in the repatriation Of the
troops. The soldiers have received
their pay for June, and on landing in
Spain they will receive two months
pay. be given civilian clothing and be
mustered out Of the service.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Farm, Residence Burned.

Black River Falls, Wis.,, Oct. 10
The farm residence of Charles Spires
ter, two miles west Of two, was totally
destroyed by fire Friday, but the con.
tents were partially saved. Loss,
/ 200: insured for $500.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Perhaps Fatally shot

Red Wing. Mimi, Oct. 12.-While
Playing in a woodshed a small boy
named Charles Carlson accidentally
shot Tousten Hegerson with a gun.
Hegerson, who is about fourteen years
old. NAV die.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1898-10-15
Dying Like Files.

London, Oct: 1O.-A dispatch to the
Daily Chronicle from Alexandria says:
The troops that have returned from
Khartum are dying like flies from en-
teric disorders, supposed to be due to
canned beef and indulgence in spirits.