davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
LOCAL STOCK HARk kT.
NEW YORK MONEY.

New YORK. June a8.-6P M-xoneS ON nsil
steady at / alh "er cent; last loan ~ per
m lrcaHtile paper sat Der cent. sterling
eYshsnge frm win actual pusi 1ees II
bankers' hiiis at s5xa4 S6h etor tie uara at
ard iS4al SIX for gu days. Posted rates IA
ftrcatee t9sCo5 Bar suver 59k Mexican
dollars 45k. Government bonds trorg.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
*Dailv. 4Daily Ex Sunday.

Nos. 4O3 and 402-"The Atlanta Specials
Solid Vestibuled Train of Pullman Sleepers
and coaches between Washington and At
lanta, also Pullman Sleepers between Ports
mouth and Chester, =. 1.
Nos. al and 88-The S. A. l.. Express" Solid
Train coaches and Pullman Sleepers be-
tween Portsmouth and Atlanta. Company
Sleepers between columbia and Atlanta
Both trains make immediate CONNECTIONS
at Atlanta for Montgomery, MoDlle, New Or
leans, Texas california, Mexico, Chattan ooga
Nashville, Memphis. Macon. Florida.
For Tickets, SIeepers. etc.. apply to
III. S. Leard, II. Z. A., Raleigh, N. Q.
70. st. John, Vice Pres. and Gen
Manager; V. e. McBee, General Super
intendent; II. w. b. Glover, Traffi
Manager; T. J. Anderson, General Pas
senger Agent.
General Offices, Portsmouth,, Va.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
GRAIN AND PRODUCE.

Chicago, June 8.-Demoralization at
Liverpool and fine harvest weather gave
the bears in wheat an inning to-day.
July left off 1$sc down, and September
declined &c. Corn lost 3sGlac and oats
closed 1sc lower. Provisions also
showed declines, pork Sc, lard II cents,
ribs 2ia cents.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
ried and Proven.

Africana is not a new
and untried remedy but a
medicine of genuine merit
that is coming more and
more to the front on ac-
count of its wonderful
cures. Almost every day
you read in the news pa
perS of what it has done
for the relief of suffering
humanity.
That direful disease
RheumatiSm-CauSed by
impure blood is driven out
of the system by the use
of Africana, and other ter
rible blood disorders are
cured permanently-Ask
|your druggist for it or
write to AfriCana Co., At
lanta, Ga.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
CHICAGO, June 49,
hnanInn .tnaI - A,

-Four dull: w heat. No. Z spring 6Al17l: Nc.
"prin9 6.@I6; no. red, IS: Corr, No. 2,
3lH. Oats, M. %; No. white .6 No /
~n.ts 25. Rye, No. A. Barley. No. Q. f0a
30; NO. B. -: Eo. 4, -. FLAW seed NO. ]. los.
Frfnse Timothy seed 81. 81. Mess pork, per Dbl,
rib sides Qp s y s6h2a5.t0. Dry-salted shoul-
dars ,u"xedl 4Aai Short clear sises fboxed)
S5.65a5 rs WhisKey. distillers finished Rooda.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
BOOKS BOUGHT, SOLD AND
EXCHANGED.

Best Bargains ever offered in the South.
Look up your old books if you need
money. We buy all kinds of school and
law books and others.
We have just had our store enlarged
and are ready with the cash. Send list
of what you have at once.
SOME SPECIAL BARGAINS.
The "Slip Amendments" to the North
Carolina Code, bringing it up to date,
and complete, prepared for lawyers, ma =
istrates and business men; price regularly
$3.50, for $1.50 prepaid.
Pemberton & Jerome's Criminal Code
and Digest, new, up-to-date. worth 5000,
for only $4.O0, prepaid. Battles Digest,
A volumes, $1,000. North Carolina Code.
2 volumes, $4.O0. North Carolina Re
ports, $1.90, new.
WANTED BRANCH HOUSES to
handle books for us.
Write ut once.
SOUTHERN BOOK EXCHANGE,
Nj. NJ. SMITH Manager.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29

Thousands of persons have been cured
of piles by using DeWitt's Witch Hazel
Salve. 1t heals promptly and cures ecZe-
ma and all skin diseases. 1t gives inn
mediate relief Heartt Il Heartt.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
BALTIMORM.

Bob Moore, of Lafayette, Ind, says
that for constipation he has found De
Wits Little Early RiSers to be perfect.
They never grippe. Try them for stom-
ach and liver troubles. Heartt Il Heartt.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29

York 81. .25: Phila,'n'nRta end Raltimore rs %:
Rosin STEADY; straiued, comnon 60 su,
Turpentine STEADY.
Rice steady; Gou estic, iair to sY rR 5kn
5k: Japan hhaS
good TO choie' %eaSd
Cabbage quiet. Southern e0al.2i
(ott, SEED oil dull and weak prime or. }
20 nominal
Freight dull,
(offee-Options opened steudy with WI ices
unchanged 70 five o, ats hiSt er: luled very
0ujet hut vi b firm un ert0Ee, follow iug
fav rb adyi ee fir III Hayca ana RIO buy
10 cnecked by ioera rec ipts and apat +
nsumers closed st ad'. nYe oints net
highe- sa es 500 ag+ inc udrg August d (;
Dec m er bsi: January heO April 800: ~ ay 90 ,
ipoL h O dun: o iuSolse on: 30 job
b ng B&; mild negteot d. cotdova Ssai5+
file"r, r.'~ quiet but z nerally stea v. fair
fehning, Is u-utcIiue al S-teat ~: refined
sic 4dy but iacti e: granulated b 3-s.
BALTIMOEW.
RALTrMoRs. Md, June !S -PIou~ dull
| ne a ged: weetorn guperrne 81 f0a3 9i. uo.
axtrs IA 8,s4i5' DO family s5.S GQt,3i
wheat dul': spot AMI mo1t1 eiaOlk; July
77ka77s; August 73&I : soutter wheat by
ample 7-aS5
Corn very duh spot and June P4ka15. July
35aa3,h. August 3ix: septenbe. 3'Aa3ok
Soutbos white corr h6k: Hn yeilow 4UH
Oats dul NO ~hite f2a33b.
Rye steady; No 2, nearby 46s; no. west
ern Az
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
CHARLES PEARSON,
- ARCHITECT. -:
Begs to Announce

Begs to Announce
Messrs PEBBLES and SHARPE, Nor
folk, Va, as Consulting Architects.
With increased facilities Mr.. Pearson
is now prepared to furnish competitive
sketches, plans and specifications for al
classes of work; all on short notice.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29

A rolling stone gathers no moss; but
there are lots of men who don't use
moss in their business, anyway.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
t v it'll a moderate Ge-
NEW ORLEANS
NEW ORLEANS, La. June ss Cotton futures
OTHER MARKETS.

UI II EIk NJ <iININ II 4 y.
Galveston, quiet, u. o. hii bales
Norfolk. tteasy, q i3 I6. 4jU balea,
psrtiraora, nominal, 6s, - balet.
Boston. dali G7s. IL halts
SilmingJon, ar a, h% ! taie
Phl,adeipnis. quiet, on, Dales.
gsyannab, steady. bx, "a ns,es.
Nav Urleans, easy. 8 lS-ln, .3ji bales.
Mobile. quie'. 5t. 5 bslee
Memphis. auiat. ID le ~ bales.
Angusta, qui t. la-l6 Q bales.
Charleston, qniet, - 40 haieH.
Cincinnati. quier. 9. 6t3 bales
i.Duiav.iie sc, ady 6K, - hslea.
AZ, Louis, quiet D Is 10, CT bales
Houston. quiet. s 1915, TO bales.
: DAT EICH CDVVTON
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
STOCKS AND BONDS.

New York, June 2S.-Some of the in
dustrial speciality advanced in the early
trading on pool buying, inside support or
The news & observer., 1898-06-29

The man who sits around and brags
of his bravery is the first man to
break for the woods in time of danger.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
ON NARROW /! LINES
SpecuIations in Cotton Fut-
ures Yesterday.
SCALPERS INDIFFERENT
THE MARKET FOR GINGHAMS
WAS FIRM AND ACTIVE.
THE BEARS HAD AN INNING IN WHEAT
Decentralization at Liverpool and Fine Weather
For Harvesting Were the Causes The
Stock Market Was Very Narrow
and Entirely Professional.
and Entirely Professional.

New York, June 2S.-,There Is no
change in the dry goods situation to-day.
Staple cottons show little change. NO
trading of consequence is reported III
print cloths. Extras still quoted at :
cents, are practically as a standstill and
ordered goods are selling very slowly.
The market for ginghams and other wo-
ven goods is quite firm and active.
COTTON.
New York, June 2S-Speculation in
cotton futures was conducted on eXcep-
tionally narrow lines throughout the
days session. The bulk of small busi-
ness done was for the closing out q
old accounts in anticipation of the holi-
days and fears of sensational develop
ments in the war situation or that posi-
BILE radical changes might occur III the
cotton belt. before the resumption of
business again next Tuesday morning.
Foreign representatives and commission
houses took practically no part in the
transactions, while the scalping faction
were indifferent. Liverpool cables retlec-
ted extreme dullness in futures at that
point and only Il moderate business
doing in spot cotton. The close was
dull. with prices one point higher to /
point lower. Sales 24,30U.
TOTAL NET RECEIPTS.
New York, June 2S.-Total since Sep
tember /: Net receipts, 2,4S5.52 eX-
ports to Great Britain, 3,422, $50; to
France, 11,516; to the continent 1880
COL.
ii
The news & observer., 1898-06-29

Goose Grease Liniment. Always guar
anteed.
The news & observer., 1898-06-29
TOTAL NET RECEIPTS.
NEW YORK. June as Futures open, d

.,pct cotton closed dull; InIddIlng up
lands ex. middling gulf ~ sales i,uSs bales.
LIVERPOOL.
ELIyERpooI,, June 2S-4 r. M.--Hpot cotton
mode rated demsud prices unc aa ged.
American middling fair 7-.td; laies Io.0Js
Iaes.
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1898-03-23
PERSONAL AND OTHERWISE.

Take your fine watch work to D..
E. Hemphill.
Brassey & Little desire to buy
county warrants.
Bounty warrants wanted by
Brassey & Little.
Take supper at the Presbyterian
church Friday night.
Cured meats of all kinds at the
Lewistown Meat Market.
Brassey & Little are prepared to
make loans on real estate.
Buy your shingles of C.. C. Long.
Prices low and quality guaranteed.
Supper at the Presbyterian church
from 5 to 8 p. IN. Friday evening
next.
WANTED-A girl to work in "A
ranch home. Good location. APP
ply at this office.
C. NJ. Belden came downfrom Utica
Sunday night and reported an excep-
tionally cold ride.
The most liberal policy Is written
by the New York Life. MI Garrett,
Agent, Lewistown.
For the best quality of hams and
bacon call on Burke & Co. They
keep a supply constantly on hand.
Sock Inspector Harry Lund is in
attendance upon court, assisting the
county attorney in grand larceny
cases.
Wanamaker & Browns spring SAM
Piles just received-over five hundred
different fine patterns. NOBLE NJ
WALKER.
Take your buggies to Surprenant
4 Hill to be repainted before the
spring opens. They guaran-
tee fine work.
william Slower returned last week
from a visit to Missouri, Kansas, In
dian Territory and Arkansas. Mr..
Slower had not been to his old home
In the latter state for thirty years.
j. E. Edwards, of Grass Range, is
In Lewistown this week at principal
witness for the state In the grand
larceny case against George Ayres.
Mr.. Edwards returned last week
from a visit In Illinois. While away
his youngest child died.
j. L. Bright of the Spotted Horse,
came in from the east Saturday
night and Tuesday went to the mine.
The severe cold during the ride over
and the high wind caused severe ir-
ritation to his face and he was
obliged to remain in Lewistown two
days.
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1898-03-23

Last week we noted the adycr
tisement for bids for q six-times-a
week stage service from Castle tt
Lewistown from July LIST next, anG
forecasted its probable effect on the
present line to Billings. By the
Billings Times Of the 18th inst. we
note the calling for bids for a stage
service from Billings to Lavina from
July LIST, next, which would seem to
bear out our theory. The contract
for carrying the mails from Billings
to Lewistown has already been let,
but the establishment of these two
new routes would seem to fore
shadow the discontinuance of the
line from Lavina to TIBET. as there is
but one intermediate statiOn-Hal-
bert-this could be served by d
special route from Lavina. Such q
change will be a great inconvenience
to the residents of the southern por-
ton of this county who must be in
communication with the
county seat and also to those who
to go east or south over the
Northern Pacific or Burlington.
Those citizens south of the Snowies
would receive their mail in a very in
direct manner and the eastbound
passengers via the Northern Pacific
Burlington would needs go to
Castle, travel westward to the junc-
ton Of the Montana Railroad and
the Northern Pacific and then east
ward to Billings, causing much
delay and extra expense. OF course,
those going westward would find
this route preferable to that now
now Travelled as when they arrived
at Lombard they would be much
nearer Helena or Butte than are
either Billings, Benton or Great
The people of Billings should
oestir themselves, and either secure
reinstatement of the through
from Billings to Lewistown as
now run or a new route directly
rom Levina to Lewistown, as we
last week. Their close
with Lewistown is
seriously threatened.
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1898-03-23
Best of All

To cleanse the system in "a gentle and
truly beneficial manner, when the
Springtime comes, use the true and
perfect remedy, Syrup of Figs. Buy
the genuine. Manufactured by the
California Fig Syrup Co. only, and
for sale by all druggists, at 80 cents
per bottle.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1898-01-15
TRADE DgvlcEs ON WHEELS.

Trunks, Hats and other Things Made
to Serve as the bodies Of Wagons.
Various familiar articles of trade are
used as models for the bodies of deliv-
cry wagons. OF those the trunk is, per-
haps, the most commonly used, says the
New York Sun. Wagons made with
the body in the semblance Of big
trunk may, be seen In many cities, the
delivery wagons of the dealers In trunks
and kindred articles. Perhaps the next
most familiar is the wagon with the
body in the form of q great hat, the de-
livery wagon of a halter. Another
form not unfamiliar is that OF the great
shoe, made Of metal and mounted on
wheels, and used as the delivery wagon
of shoe dealer. Like the great hat the
shoe may be painted or all gilded.
All of these devices have a seat out
side, In front, and they have o door al
the rear end. The shoe is mounted on
the running part, with the toe to the
front The drivers seat is over the tip
of the toe, or in front Of it. The door
by which parcels are got In and out Of
the wagon is In the heel of the great
shoe at the back.
A wagon used for the delivery OF
packages from laundry has body IN
the form of great wash boiler. Per.
haps the latest of these trade devices
on wheels is shown In o wagon used fol
the delivery of a proprietary article
the. ,Ragui.if bod: s:t<- Enrnr II, his nast
great bottle.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1898-01-15
BIBLE his ONLY WEAPON.
Queer story OF Hnnsc Hatfield, of tn
9 Hatfleid-AIcC0y Band OF Outlaws.

Queer story OF Hamsc Hatfield, of the
HatfaeIa-McCoy Band OF Outlaws.
Mrs. z. p. Chapman, Of Hartford City,
w. Va, youches for the truthfulness OF
the following story concerning Hanse
Hatfield, one Of the widely Unknown OUT
laws of the Hatfeld-McCoy gang:
She was In Kanawha county some
time ago instituting q Rebekah lodge,
and, on her way home, stopped over
Sunday with the family of merchant
In Charleston. Hanse Hatfield was IN
the city at the same time and was the
guest Of the merchant, being there on
purchasing tour. On Sunday evening
Hatfield asked to be shown the Meth
odist Episcopal church, and. on being
informed that there was no service II
that church that evening, accepted the
invitation to go with the merchants
family to the Presbyterian church.
Upon arriving ut the church Hatfield
took the merchant to one side and told
him the Hatfields had such bad repu.
tation. that he always carried q weapon.
He then proceeded to open hand grip
he was carrying. To the chagrin OF the
party he took therefrom an old and
much used Bible, and, holding 1t up 80
those near could see 1t, said:
seThis is the only weapon ever
carry, and to get along well and live
close to the feet of Jesus Christ one
must ~. carry It constantly and 9, use i /
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1898-01-15
REFUSED THE TITLE ROLE.
Because OF Its Improprtety nnd Wa
Upheld by the Courts.

Because OF 7ts Impropriety amd Was.
Upheld by the Courts.
A point in theatrical law has just
been tried by the French courts, reports
the Pail Mall Gazette. The manager
OF the theater at Cannes engaged Mile.
Rita d'Arzac to play soubrette and In
genue parts. For the greater part OF
the season the young lady appeared
nightly, to her own satisfaction and
that of the house, as sweetly innocent
young thing or as comely and modest
maid. It fell on day, however, that
another lady of the troupe was taken i'll
and had to be replaced. Her role was
the principal one in the piece. It was
/ offered to Mile. d'Arzacs who, TO the
general establishment, Indignantly re-
fused it. Never before, perhaps, in
the annals of the theater had an actress
declined to be promoted to the rank
adagfrgdsdns. af'IfeuEaa iMlla d...Arsxae
asked to play was that OF q lamentably
fjghty young person. Mile. d'Arzac
was appalled, at the thought of imper-
sonating this incorrigible baggage, and
ended by fatty refusing the proHered
| part. Whereupon her manager stopped
| her salary. She has sued him for the
same and won her case. Henceforth
nobody will be able to say that the
proprieties are not safeguarded IN
France; and once more virtue. SO Otter
I'LL requited in real life, has met with
4 its reward on the stage.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1898-01-15
SOME CAUSES FoR BROWNING.

Painting and Swallowing Water
Frequently Responsible for Death.
When a good swimmer, as SO often
happens, dives into deep water and Is
never seen again, his death Is always
ascribed to cramps" says the London
Mail. This view is, however, no longer
accepted by careful observers. Cramp
is a frequent cause, no doubt, but by
no means the only one. Syncope, or
fainting, for instance, Is answerable
for many deaths. Many people who
have been splendid swimmers, but who
have taken no violent exercise for year
or two, plunge in after fatiguingwalk,
and their heart simply fails to come up
to the scratch; they faint and down
they go. It should never be forgotten
that the coolness of the water throws
an immense sudden strain upon the.
heart, and that, if there is anything like
a flaw in that organ, it is pretty sure to
break down. Another cause Of large
number Of drowning accidents is the
entrance of water spray. into the lungs.
You are swimming in q choppy sea
Breaks in 151 your l' face, and the wind blows
the spray down your throat. The re-
suit is a terrible conyu1sive effort Of the
lungs to eject the water, and instant
Inconsistencies. You go down, and
people ascribe your loss to the one and
only "cramp."
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1898-01-15
SHETLAND WOOL.
lt 10 rluclsed from the Hacks OF tho

1t 10 plucked from tho Backs OF tho
Fl, sheep. 2g
The chief characteristic of Shetland
hosiery is the extreme fneness OF the
wool used. This wool. says Chambers
Journal, is obtained from the native
Shetland sheep, an animal OF decidedly
meager appearance, and which 9 south
ern Aockmaster would be inclined to
shave none Of Nevertheless, this
humble beast, picking up scanty liv-
ing ON the bleak hillsides where Its
larger relatives would starye, produces
wool Of remarkable hneness; and when
ii is mentioned that the natural colors
vary from black and white to an endless
variety Of grays. browns, fawns, and
! chestnuts of many shades locally called
smoorit, % 1t will be seen that the Shet-
land people have ready to their hand
raw material OF the most suitable kind
for their purpose.
In connection with the fneness Of
the wool, the method OF taking II from
the sheep Is worthy OF note. It is not
clipped or shorn In the usual way; but
as the proper season Is literally plucked
from the back Of the animal, 1t being
averred that shearing tends to deterio-
rate the quality Of every succeeding
fleece; and, of course. to keep the yield
Of wool as fine as possible is a real desid-
eratum. The plucking referred to
usually appears to strangers to be q
cruel expedient; but in reality the
sheep seems to suffer no more from 1t
than from ordinary shearing.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1898-01-15
TRYING TO MAKE DIAMONDS.
No Great Success Has as Yet Been
n 49, sx,s

No Great Success Has as et been
Attained.
The experiments of Moissan and his
success In producing microscopic crys-.
tails of carbon, which, technically at
least, were entitled to be called artl-
fetal diamonds, are well known. We
now have, says the Engineering Maga-'
zine. further contributions TO the sub
iect of the capitalization of carbon by
the well-known electro-chemist, Dr.
Borehers, who contributes an article
TO ssThe Zeitschrift fur Elektrochemie'
reviewing the past attempts In this dl-
ments. Moissan worked upon the line
Of capitalization of fused carbon IN
u der immense pressure, while Borchers
attains the same or similar results by
maintaining q carbon rod at the high
{ temperature of the'electric furnace for
considerable time, the surfaceof the rod
showing distinct evidences OF crystal
lization.
The experiments have been carried
out upon q small scale only, and. being
unable to continue the researches, DR.
Borchers gives full account OF hi
method and apparatus, trusting tha'
further Investigations may be carried
on by those who have powerful currents
| at their disposal and opportunity Z
carry out all the conditions which sue
| cess demands.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1898-01-15
FREEDOM or SPEECH.
Is the ssIsriceIcss Boon' OF Every Cftf-
gen of America

Is the arrIceIcss Boon" OF Every Cfta-
zen of America.
Gladstone as private citizen is at
liberty to say much which 1t would have
been indiscreet and utterly wrong for
him to say as premier when he repre-
sented a great nation, says the Illus
trated American. Any man IN posi-
ton OF delegated responsibility repre-
sents not only himself, but those who
have intrusted their interests to him.
A private tutor is amenable to childs
parents for what he teaches, though
before he was hired he had aright to
teach that child what he pleased Il ne
had opportunity. The college presi-
dent, while a larger independence IS
given him. Is nevertheless the teaeher
hired by the parents. and they have al
ways the right, collectively, to put re-
straints upon his utteranees. freedom
of speech is the "priceless boom OF
every citizen Of America, but when a
citizen enters into contract with ofhei
citizens to do certain amount OF speak
ing by way of instruction, he yoiun
tarily consents to the possibility OF re
gtraint. There is nothing to quarre
over in this. No man need forego hi
4 freedom of speech Il he does not Wisi
4 to. But If he takes another mani
money for his speech, the employer ha4
an undoubted right to indicate Whe1
1.-The contract shall end, and w1thou
prejudice TO the American doctrine
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1898-01-15
PREVENTS DRUNKENNESS.

I'm Germany Names of 0Renders Are
Taken and Published Periodically.
A considerable number Of German
towns and villages have for some time
subjected the bibulous inhabitants to
the regulations OF a modified prohibt-
ton law. This not only restricts the
time for the sale of all kinds OF liquor
and the hours Of public restaurants ana
splaces Of amusement, but exercises a
sort OF censorship over their VISITORS
says the Baltimore Sun. Persons VINO
neglect their families on account OF
drinking or who have been repeatedly
brought before the magistrates as
drunk and disorderly are denied the
privilege OF procuring alcoholic bever-
aaes. A drunkards' list, published peri
| odically. exhibits their names and oc'
equations, and copies OF it are sent &c
local innkeepers and liquor dealers, VINO !:
are liable to heavy fines II they SCI
liouor to those mentioned in the nsf
which Is placed on the wall OF the res
taurants and hotels and reads some
thing Ike this: ITO whom 1t may con
cern: 1t Is not permitted 70 sell ilquo
4 TO the following persons: Hans sueffel
tailor: Peter Fuesschen, shoemaker
Fruitz Spundloch, carpenter; Fraule''
Klara Klatsch, seamstress; Kunz Katel
! laborer. Won Bierstein, mayor" 4 sim
ple-minded servant girl recent
thought the burgomaster included an
refused to enter his service.