The copper country evening news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 18??-1907, 1898-06-21
PROPERI CIVILIZATION
VARIOUS MEANS OF SECURING IT IN
THE AVERAGE HOUSE.
Importance of Little Things In Building
n Dwelling -Arrnngement Of the Doors
and windows-D Qualities of
Pure Air and the sun.


and Windows isinfectsnt Qualities of
Pure Air and the sun.
The site of your new home selected and
the plumbing decided upon in Its general
characteristics. tho attention should next
be turned to the subject of ventilation.
Great care has already been exercised In
order TO have tho air In the house pure,
but still further consideration OF detail Is
necessary.
The amount of cir required for an adult
so that the atmosphere may be free from
any odor is not less than 5000 cubic feet
per hour, and this fact alone shows that In
crowded localities or even In good sized
but i'll constructed rooms the problem OF
proper and effectual ventilation Is one NOT
readily solved. The forces which act are,
first. diffusion; second, tho wind and,
third, the difference in weight between
masses of air of unequal temperature. Ar
tiflcial ventilation is effected in two ways
first, extraction, when the air Is extracted
from the room or building by means of
heat, steam jets, pumps, fans, etc., and,
second, by propulsion, when air Is driven
In to expel the air already in the room ana
is generally carried in by means OF fan
inclosed in a box which can be worked by
hand, horse water or steam power. In
the absence of all mechanical appliances
the air of the room is changed by means of
windows, the chimney and any chinks
created by imporfectly fitted doors and
sashes. These imperfections afford poor
persons better ventilation even in winter
than they arc otherwise likely TO enjoy.
With the outside air pure II is an easy
matter to keep that of the house in like
condition during the summer months, for
doors and windows are all left open, but
in cold weather the problem of fresh, pure
air in all the rooms of the house all the
time without too great an exposure to cold
is one that requires thought and may de-
mand sacrifice OH the altar OF artistic
effect. In the first place the windows and
doors should be so arranged as to permit
of "a thorough change of air In a few min
utes. This may seem small matter, but
in the winter 1T is not desirable to have
the house chilled and made uncomfortable
for the inhabitants for any length OF time
1t impedes the work or pleasure of the day
and is liable to result in colds If nothing
more serious and a room not well aired
is quite as serious in its results as q cold
one, though they are not so easily trace
able to their causes nor are they as imme-
diate in their effects All bedrooms and
bathrooms should have direct communion
ton with the outer air. a tiny court, the
air of which must do duty in at least half
"a dozen similar rooms, does not contain
enough pure air to cleanse room as 1t
should be cleansed. In the first place there
is not sufficient circulation To romove the
poisoned air and replace it by that that Is
purified to supply the rooms as quickly
and abundantly as they should be supplied.
Bedrooms, bathrooms and sitting rooms
should have plenty OF air and sunlight,
and, except in very warm weather, noi ef-
fort should be made to shade them from
the suns rays. This may fade the carpets
and draperies, but it will put color into
the cheeks of the households members, a
ring in their voices and a gladness and
sparkle into their eyes that are worth far
more than the most priceless upholstery
that ever was made. 1t is well to remark
here that in buying the furnishings for the
house 1t is wise to select them with view
to the effects of the sun on them as well as
contact with water or hard usage.
Again, the ceilings should not be so high
that the windows would look ungainly If
the two should meet, and the windows
should be so designed that they reach to
within few inches of the ceiling. The
height of the rooms should not be less than
nine feet and should rarely exceed ~, this
to make them accessible to the housemaid
for frequent cleaning, for facilities for
cleaning should be ever in the mind of
both builder and furnisher. The windows
should go to within q few inches of the
ceiling, and the sashes should not be too
weghty to be moved with case This
height of the windows is necessary to pre-
vent the accumulation of stale air ut the
top of the room. When the walls extend
far above the window tops, it is difficult
matter to change the air there, and it is
there that the vtiatod air accumulates, for
it Is usually warmer than the outside air
and has therefore tendency to rise. If 1t
can escape, its place will be taken by the
pure air which when the doors and win
dows are closed gets into the room through
the chinks around them. An open chin
ney, even without a fire, is a good thing
to have in the common sitting room, and
one bedroom at least should be provided
with one to be used in case of illness, foI
1t is most effectual means of ventilation
when constant change of air is needed
The rooms of house should DO thor
oughly aired at least once a day. AS many
doors and windows as possible should Dt
thrown widely open for about an hour eacf
morning, and rooms that are much occu
pied during the day should be aired at FIRE
quent intervals for few minutes at {
time. This can be done when the family
Is at meals or engaged in some other par
of the house A second and more quio
method is to admit fresh air constantly 10y
keeping the windows always open at The
| top. 1t is wise 10 air the sleeping rooms
before retiring at night, and they SHOULD
| be kept open little all night loEg, TN,
J amount of fresh air admitted depending
| upon the outside temperature.
A piece of cotton cloth hung over Tx
| opening, board inserted or, better still
q screen should be used to protect the oc
| cupant OF the room from drafts. ULoI
leaving the rooms in the morning the bed
ding should be thrown over II chair, th
windows opened wide, and the closet doc
also should be opened that the disiniectap
action of the air may perform its " ork il
all places.
In summer the bathroom window shoul,
be kept open from the top and bottom