The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1898-03-05

was the discipline enforced by mat stern
est or teachers--advetsity mat derclop-
m,nt Of the truest and nohlest mal'i''on
which comes from patient dt'cfiill,''"'
rugged resistance TO civil ana leis'o"'
tyranny. ..,re,
SCOTCH-IRISH COVENANTS.
In scotland. under the reign % ;ames
declared by Henry ~. TO oc me
yises, fool in Europc''-and Charles l.
aud that lccherous and lreaehcrous KING.
charles IT,. when royal promises were
made only 10 be broken and solemn oaths
taken only 10 he violated. when courts ol
hirh commission were established ariheu
with inouisitorial powers; when house
holders were required 10 give bond mat
their families should not attend the SET
vices Of the church en0eared 10 them by
all that was most sacred IN their lraul-
lions and memory, when. 10 enforce SUD
,,iscion torture was used 10 eXtOrt con-
fession. when prisons were iilled win the
victims Of intolerance. when soidltis were
quartcred upon defenccless houscnoldeIs
and restrained from no outrage-'heh ~
was that this great protest against OPP
preston found voice which VIII never
cease tn sound while the sun shines and
thrills I'm sympathy with the sorrows oil
those VINO suffer FOR conscicnce's sake.
These protests took the form of cove
nan,s. as they are called. Among the
scotch-Irlsh people no phrase is better or
more widely understood than the phrase
Solemn league and covenant.
This was the document. written on
Placement in 1888 protesting against tyr-
amy in an OF it's forms and pledeing inc
sign ars 10 muntain. at any cost me IN
alienable rights which belong TO manhood
not bv permission OF Kings and conces-
sions OF parliaments-bui as the direct
Gift Of God. Six thousand ScCtchmen as
sembled around old Grey Friars Church'
in Edinburgh and when the parchment
containing a declaration OF the people
rights and their determination 10 deiehd
them was laid on "a tombstone in the
churchyard which covered the ashes OF
one Of the ola Caledonian worthless IL
WAS covered with names. Then. because
the nation was waiting. the parchment
was enlarged BIZ the addition OF sheet
after sheet that 1t might make a circuit
Of the whole land and everywhere re
ceive the signatures of those who were
ready to bow the knee before God ana
"render unto Caesar the things that are
Caesars" but equally ready TO resist
unto blood all who sought TO invade the
sacred rights of conscience and usurp
the authority which belongs alone 10 the
Great Lord of Conscience Such was
This early proclamation Of tho great pfih'
ciples which have fired the souls OF pa
trots I'm all ages and all countries where
liberty has been held so dear as to DE
worthy OF any sacrifice.
FOUND A REFUGE.
he
cuted Scots was at this time provident-
ally opened for them In the north Of
Ireland During the latter part Of the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, there was
rebellion in the Province Of Ulster, head
ed by Earls Tyrconnel and Tyrone. the
great leaders of the Catholic uprising
against the English government. IL was
put down by q strong hand. but the two
great earls. with thousands OF Their
followers abandoned Ireland ana sought
new homes on the continent. The great
body of land vacated 10y the self-eNiled
Catholic mobiles was forfeited to the
crown. ON these forfeited lands King
James planted a Scotch colony. where II
took deep root and became thriving
community. The lands these newcom-
ers occupied had been almost unculu-
waited during the turbulent times when
the plowshare had been exchanged for
the sword and the pruning hook for the
smear. but the industrious colonists soon
converted the desert into q fruitful field.
They made the Province Of Ulster what
10 has been ever since, the garden OF Ire
land
For nearly q hundred years the Scotch
in the north OF ireland had comparative
peace and quiet. but ian The course of time
their condition was lam .ntahly changed.
I'm .F a Ina ID
land were Roman Catholics and kinp
James began 10 enforce the law for the
suppression of Popcry against the
ScOtch-Irish Professionals. Although az
first tolerated by the English Church. ai
last the dissenting ministers Were for
hidden 10 solemnizc marriages, number
of them were arrested for non-cOnf0rm-
ity. many of them We're deposed theiT
pulpits declared vacant and their con-
gregations dispersed. with blinds obsu-
macy. the British Parliament imposed
restrictions upon the trade Of the Scotch.
Irish colonists that threat ned them with
ruin: and. to- crown all. their landlords.
al the expiration OF their leases. demand
Cd higher rents. II was in vain they add
vanced the argument that when they first
occupied these lands they were sterile and
unproductiVc aud that they were now
improved was due entirely 10 their indus
try: IL was in vain that they reminded
their oppressors that at the siege Of
Londonderry they had held out 10 the
bitter end aud thus secured the prOcla-
nation OF William Of Orange as King OF
England just then something occurred
which changed the very course OF history
and put a new face on the world 10y put
ting a new heart into II.
Beyond the Atlantic. with It's wide
waste OF waters, was Q new world new
In more senses than one. new In ths
promise it gave for the enjoyment Of lie
liberty and happiness no longer possible
In the Old world No wonder the tides
OF emigration set to flowing no wonder
that men whose ideal was free church
and a free state left their native shores
by hundreds and by thousands; no won
der the tide Of emigration continued 60
flow. deepening and widening as IT went.
until 81 became wide enough 10 reach
New York on the north and the Caroiinas
on the South, while 1t ran with steady
iOw through Pennsylvania and Virginia
and subsequently into Kentucky ard Ten
ncssee As early in l125 there was
Scotch-Irlsh settlement in nearly every
one OF the old colonies For many years
there were never less than 1900 landed
annually at the different ports Of the
country. an along the coast from New
York 10 savannah Thirty thousand
came from Ulster alone. AT the time of
the revolution OF 171s when the popula-
ton OF the colonies was only three MIL
lion tho Scotch Irish peOnlc numbered