davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

There was time when the question
of marketing horses was comparatively
a small one. That was when there
was a good demand for all kinds of
horses. Even the horse that had lit
tie style and no fine breeding about
him could be sold for street car work.
But today the market is largely closed
sold at all, it must be at rate far be-
low the cost of production. The mar
ket in its generality has changed great
ly since twelve years ago. 1t was then
O. question of comparative prices. 1t
Is now a question of price and no
price It is easier to dispose Of inferior
horses by letting them finish their lives
in farm work than it is to go to the
expense of fitting them for market to
be sold at loss. Good horses can be
marketed to the satisfaction of the man
that has raised them. Before attempt
ing to market horse it is better to find
out what kind of a horse you have.
Some people have very erroneous
opinion of the value of their own ami
mails, as much SO as they have of the
abilities and character Of their own
children. Study up the points of a
horse and fit yourself to tell exactly
whether you have horse the market
wants or a horse the markets will not
take except at price ruinous to your
self. This will prevent much unneces-
saFE heartache when the returns for the
animal are received.
Breaking horses is not properly a
part of marketing horses, yet we know
that if a horse be not properly broken
he is in no condition to market. We
are told by Chicago horse dealers mat
a great many good horses come onto
the Chicago market and are sold low
because they are green" that is. not
properly broken. Some smart fellows
go to the trouble of buying such horses
and breaking them properly, after
which they dispose Of them at a good
price. This work should be done at
home and the profit thus saved to the
original producer. Horses should he
broken to drive single or double. and
In many cases should be broken to the
saddle. They should be taught to face
without fiinching railway trains and
he multitudinous sights of the cities
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

Many horses exhibit a nervousness un-
der such circumstances that causes q
great drop in the possible price. 1t is
a great thing in making a sale to be
able to drive up and stop near NOV
ing train and make the horses show no
fear. This often goes a good way to-
ward making a sale. Some of the
horses that have been sent to Chicagv
from the western ranges have not been
even taught to eat grain. In some
parts of the West one of the most i'm
portant questions before a horse trade
is, Has he been taught to eat grain? 2"
Yet horses that have not been taugA t
to eat grain have been sent to the great
markets Of the country, and of course
sold at a discount.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

village is notably fertile. The Concord
grape makes wonderful growth upon
certain soils of the locality, and the
most common way of checking the ex-
cessive vigor Of the plant is to leave
a great number of buds on the vines
when pruning. 1t is no unusual sight
to see pruned vine with fifty or sixty
buds upon the canes, and in some rare
cases even a greater number may De
left. If this number of buds were TO
be left upon vines trained according to
any Of the preceding systems, it would
be found somewhat inconvenient 10
place all the wood in satisfactory po-
sitions. The Brocton system TENDS 10
avoid this difficulty, and it is therefore
one Of the best systems to adopt for
vigorous varieties growing upon strong
soils. The distinguishing feature OF
the Brocton system is the position OF
the canes. These are upright, but the
lower portion may extend horizontally
along a wire, to remove the upright
part farther from the center Of the
plant. These upright canes usually ex-
ICl1u ~ IhO lOp WlIO VI IhO IlOlAASB "A1N
they vary in number from two to four
to eight or ten, generally one-half OF
the canes being on each side OF the
plant. Each cane has from five to ten
buds on it, SO that the total number
per plant can be very easily ascertain
ed, and a large or small amount OF
wood be left upon the trellis desired.
Having thus outlined the general plan
of the Brocton system, there still re-
main to be distinguished two types or
varieties which differ from each other
considerably. AS a matter OF conve7
nience, they will be given separate
names, although they still retain their
position as varieties of the rather
vague Brocton system. 1t will be less
confusing if the following names are
employed: The Brocton horizontal arm
system and the Brocton high renewal
system.
The "Brocton horizontal arm" sys-
tenn is much like the horizontal arm
spur system; the chief differences are
the absence of spurs and the greater
length of cane in the Chautauqua
method. The arm, however, Is retain
ed practically as long as in the hori-
zontal arm spur system. The spurs
are almost entirely dropped, for gen.
orally a sufficient number of canes can
be found growing from the arm to
supply the necessary number of buds.
These canes spring directly from the
old arm, which is fastened along the
lower wire, and they are cut long
enough to reach few inches above
| the upper wire of the trellis. Each
year the canes of the preceding season
are entirely removed, being cut close to
the arm, and others are put in their
places. Spurs cannot be entirely avoid
ed, for the necessary amount of wood
might not always be available; they
are, however, employed as little as
possible
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08
Earthworms and Gapes.

The question of gapes has long been
a live one among poultrymen. Many
have lost chicks without suspecting the
real cause of the trouble. Various rem
edies have been given, but few, if any,
of them proved effective. One plan has
been to remove the worms from the
trachea by means of feathers or of long
steel instruments constructed for that
purpose. But these have generally had
little effect, first, because it Is almost
impossible to remove all of the worms,
and, second, because if they are all re-
moved the chicks soon become infested
anew. H. Garman, entomologist and
botanist of the Kentucky experiment
station, has been making some inves-
legations along this line to ascertain
the injecting causes and to determine
the remedies. He selected two fiocks
of chicks, one of seven and another OF
twelve chicks. One of the locks, the
largest, was kept on an earth floor and
fed earth worms. The other flock was
kept on plank floor and fed no earth
worms. The first flock soon showed
signs of being infested with gapes, and,
as they died, one after the other was
opened and their tracheas found to
contain large numbers of cape worms.
Of the seven that were on plank floors
none was affected.
He came to the conclusion that the
earth worms in somS way affected the
case, and this :Aa.E -ANHclusion ar.
rived at by q 'ers who
several years., a.. T.ScN der the
auspices of the government. 10 sug-
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08
gested that the eggs of the cape worms

gested that the eggs of the cape worms
are in the bodies of the earth-worms,
and are thus passed on to the chicks.
1t is also ascertained that the trouble
is infectious. One chick with gapes
soon gives it to all of the flock, pre-
sumably by means of the drinking wa
ter. Whether the infection in the
drinking water be in the form Of eggs
or of minute worms in the process OF
growth is not known. One important
point established is that the gapes do
no il%-y to half-grown and older
chicks. &c. If the little ones be kept
on a board floor till they are hall
grown there can be 40 fear Of injury
by gapes. The part of wisdom, then,
is for the farmer to keep his growing
chicks on board floors till of good size.
1t is also worthy of note that digging
worms for little chicks is not always
safe practice. 1t may be ultimately
found that the cape and the earth
worms have no connection, but at pres
ent writing the preponderance of testi-
mony is in favor of the opinion that
the earth-worm is source OF infection
and should be guarded against. In
connection with this article we give an
illustration of the trachea or wind
pipe of a chick infested with gapes.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

A most hopeful sign of the times is
the growing respect for what are call
ed "the bread and butter sciences"
Modern methods of education look
more and more toward inspiring our
boys and girls with respect for work
and preparing them for honest indus
try by putting them in possession of all
their faculties. The field of skilled
labor is constantly widening; the ar
tisans of the twentieth century will
claim closer kinship with the artists;
brain will guide and reinforce mus
Gle in field and kitchen, toll will be
lightened by invention, and in good
time by shorter hours.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

The referendum, or the submission
of legislation to the popular vote for
ratification, is practiced in Switzerland.
not always with the most satisfactory
results. Not long ago vote was TAX
en- in the Canton of Soleure on the
question of a parish church organist.
One man only took the trouble to go
to the polls. Finding himself there
alone, he remarked, "Vox populi, vox
Del. am the vox populi, and / elect
myself to the place." And it was SO!
That may be socialism, but it looks
good deal more like monarchy.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

Ths water in Lake Superior is re-
ported to be thirty inches lower at the
opening of navigation this spring than
it has been before in years, and the
fact is viewed with alarm by vessel
interests. The big lake carriers are
unable to load their capacity, and at
the existing freight rates will lose con-
siderable money. The American Steel
Barge company may have difficulty in
launching vessels at the present stage.
IN Lake Huron the water is high, and
the old theory of a subterranean pas
sage between the lakes is revived.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

w. C. Swain of Milwaukee, chairman
of the joint committee of the veteran
organizations on Memorial day exer-
cises, said one of the best things which
has found utterances in long time
He said: sour sons want to go in on
their own deeds, and not on the deeds
of their fathers" This is the true
American spirit. There is no heredi-
tary nobility, either in law or in char
acter, in this country.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08
Pruning Grapes-Brocton system.

Pruning Grapes-Brocton System.
e. G. Lodeman, Department of Agri-
culture Report:
The Brocton system is the almost ex-
elusive method of training grapes in
the Chautauqua grape district The
conditions which have given rise to
the Brocton system are somewhat Pc
euliar, and the methods indicate spe-
cial adaptation to local requirements.
Brocton is the center of the grape
growing industry of Chautauqua coun-
ty. N. Y, and the land around rAe
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08
The Coloring Habit.

Is there no way of stopping this
abominable way of coloring butter and
cheese rich orange red instead of a
mild straw yellow? Some one says
coloring butter is dirty trick and I
am much inclined to think so myself,
writes L. S. Hardin in Home and Farm.
Coloring matter is made of all sort of
stuff, from filthy mass of seeds called
anatto that comes in a dirty package
from South America, to analine, a rank
poison taken, believe, from the offal
of coal oil. There should be a law for
bidding its use in butter and cheese as
well as oleo except, perhaps, in goods
intended for expectation, when they
should go in hand to the seashore. The
fact is there is no need for coloring
dairy goods. Any kind of a good COW
will color her milk if you will feed her
roots, green cured hay or ensilage in
winter, while she can not help coloring
1t while on grass. Guernseys and Jer-
seys have more color than other breeds.
I am glad to state that the fashion"
with fine butter is getting lighter in
color all the time. Some makes of
coloring matter are comparatively
clean, but some are vile and have been
known to kill children that ate them,
Let US get rid of the bad habit.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

Alfred Austin writes pretty good
verse, but Uncle Sam cannot throw
his arm around John Bull and weep
now or never. We know Mr.. Bull OF
old.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

We Judge from the voluminous talk
of the rainy-day club that it never
rains but it pours.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

The safety of the battleship Texas
demands that the Atlantic ocean shall
be Immediately enlarged.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08
A Cattle Feeding Experience.

To The Farmers Review:-During
the past winter / have had an expe-
rience which may be of interest to
your readers. Like many others, was
Caught short" of cattle for winter
feeding, and bought in September
twenty steers, which came from Wis
consin by way of ChicaA). They were
not a good bunch in any way, but
only a few of them seemed to show
Jersey blood, and it seemed impossible
to get good cattle. They did poorly
during the fall, and went into winter
in poor shape; but hoped that good
feed and care would put flesh on them,
and not until March had come and I
had fed surprising amount of grain
and hay did I fully realize the utter
folly of trying to make beef cattle of
such ill-bred steers. AS the season
went on they seemed to develop more
and more of the Jersey characteristics
and to show themselves entirely I'M
fitted for beef purposes. They would
neither grow nor take on fat, and I
finally sold them for what they would
u6Ic lASLOdo Va IdhiA6 thOAh "
Buffalo, as I intended. Meanwhile a
few well-bred steers Of my own rails
ing grew into fine cattle in the same
yard. The backs of these Wisconsin
cattle were full of grubs, and they
were probably cross between Jerseys
and scrubsS l think farmers in the
West are coming to realize that they
have made great mistake by intro
ducing the Jersey stock into their
herds to such an extent. In our oranges
and elsewhere it is emphatically stated
that the farmers of the West will make
a great mistake if they do not keep a
strong infusion Of Shorthorn blood in
all the farm herds which are not given
over to some special purposes. w.
Gibson in Farmers Review.
Homemade Incubators.-We fire.
quently see in poultry and other pa
pers plans for making incubators at
home. We do not have much conf
dence in them. The well-made incuba-
tor is a delicate piece of machinery and
it is doubtful If many men can from
newspaper descriptions make incuba-
tors that will do the work required. It
has taken generations to develop the
commercial incubator to it's present de-
gree of perfection and we do not believe
that any man can do in day or two
what it has taken many men many
years to accomplish. A man is likely
to lose more money in eggs and chicks
with a homemade incubator than
would pay for a machine manufactured
by skillful men.
Milk Trade Of New York.-The total
in gallons of milk cream and plain
condensed milk received for month Of
February 1898. 1884. $50: for 1897, s.
sos, 300. OF cream for 1898, 7,47O;
1897, 11S,020 Plain condensed milk
1898. 1880: 1897. 50.12O. Daily aver
age 1898, milk 22S,010; cream, 1850;
condensed milk, 1850. 1897, milk, 207,-
4S0; cream, 1920; condensed milk,
1.7so.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

SPANS ultimate conclusion is likely
to be that Columbus made great mis-
take.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

The agricultural department has just
issued an interesting pamphlet on the
subject of forest growth and sheep
grazing in the Cascade mountains Of
Oregon, prepared by Frederick ". Co
Vile. Discussing the question of for
est fires in the Cascade reserve, it says
those of the present period are by no
means confined to the sheep grazing
areas. Parts of the southern Cascades,
in which sheep have never grazed,
have been found to be riddled by fires
and in general forest fires increase in
the reserved region proportionately to
the increase of human occupancy of
all classes. 1t is clear as result of
careful inquiry, the pamphlet says,
that at the present time most sheep
herders and packers are extremely
careful not to allow their camp fires
to spread and not to set fire intention
ally, though 1t is unquestionably true
that in the early days OF sheep raising
there was a widespread belief among
sheep men that burning of the forest
was a positive benefit to the industry.
The Seventh of New York, which is
entirely composed of members of the
swell set," would do well hereafter to
keep within its armory. Its appear
'ance upon Fifth avenue, even amid the
homes of the wealthy, would be the sig
nal for derisive salutation, for no man,
even If coward himself, fancies the
men who would play at soldier until
war come and then not play at all
This is the kind of patriots that attend
banquets in times Of peace, drink fine
wine and pirate about their devotion
to the flag" and national honor" They
ought to be shipped back to England
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08
Prayer for profit only is Improbable
and soon unpleasant.

How many woman Hoppers have
sued to keep de Wolf from the door?
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

Horse breeding seems to have
bright future before it, Neither the
bicycle nor the horseless carriage can
take the place of the horse in the great
commercial life of the nation.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

Little Things Pay.-Guthrie Center
Qowa) Guthrian: A citizen of the coun-
ty, who runs a 130-acre farm, reported
to us his income for the past year from
his cows and poultry. He kept six cows,
and sold from the six milk and cream
to the amount of $3.50. He estimated
that the family consumed milk, cream
and butter to the amount of $25. He
received $19.05 for hauling milk and
cream for others and sold three calves
that he now estimates to be worth $50.
He has sold poultry in excess Of $50 be-
sides the eggs sold and consumed, of
which he kept no account. His income
from those two items the past year was
in excess of $500. Cows and chickens
pay. One reason why so many renters
fail to make farming pay is the fact
that they give no attention to these two
profitable and important items. The
dairy and poultry business pays on
Guthrie county farms if it is given
proper attention.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

Oleomargarine Cases in Chicago
The cases against the infringers of the
Illinois oleomargarine law still drag
their weary lengths along. The evil
dence against them is strong enough
and one would think that there would
be no trouble in carrying out the law.
but there seems to be an abundance
of money behind the violators, and
they are thus enabled to- protract the
cases indefinitely. In some cases
prison sentences. have been rendered.
but the men are still free.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08

Give the hen more room.
Cottonwood report. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1893-1901, 1898-07-08
Gooseberry Mildew.

In many parts of this country, as well
as this state, gooseberry growers are
much troubled with what is known az
the gooseberry mildew, writes L. H.
Pammel in Iowa State Register. We
have at various times recommended the
use of the Bordeaux Mixture as pre-.
ventive; however, potassium sulphide
has given most excellent results and Is
highly recommended by those who
have used it. 1t was first used in Eu-
rope and in 1884, and 1886 Arthur, in
this country, made some experiments
with it. Recently Mr.. Close of the New
York agricultural experiment station
has conducted some experiments which
leave no doubts as to the value of this
treatment for the disease, He reports
as follows:
The first mildew appeared May &c
By June portions of the plantation
were badly widowed. At this date the
lysol and formalin seemed to have
done no good. Bordeaux mixture was
more effective, but not so good as pot
assium sulphide where the treatments
WClO DCSuh NCly carly gnu AiAOoioh
early. All of the fruit was picked July
and so as to market green. Bushes
sprayed very early with potassium sui
phide at the rate of ounce to 8 gallons
of water gave only 5 per cent Of mil
dewed fruit; those sprayed very early
with it at the rate of l ounce to gal
Ions of water gave 6.6 per cent. Bushes
sprayed very early with lysol, 1 ounce
to / gallon of water gave 24.5 per cent.
and those sprayed very early with Bor-
deaux Mixture gave 37.4 per cent OF
widowed fruit, while the untreated
bushes gave ST. per cent to 1877 per
cent. At Is cents per pound for potas-
SUM sulphide, the cost Of the solution
which gave the best results Is about
one-fifth of one cent per bush for the
seven sprayings.
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1898-12-21

physician, but the
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1898-12-21
A woman's Nerve.

You may talk about naval heroes and
rough riders all you like, but for su-
perhuman nerve and colossal daring,
commend me to a woman / saw in a
dry goods shop in town, only the other
morning. / had an excellent oppor-
tunity to observe her carefully, for she
stood precisely where desired to
stand while she--well, thisis what she
did. She asked the salesman to show
her q certain piece OF red cashmere.
Then she produced from her pocket
the cut paper pattern OF child's
dresss, and calmly pinned the pieces
to the cloth. The salesman stood po-
litely by, thinking, if salesman ever
has time to think, that she desired to
ascertain the quantity required for the
garment she intended to make, but
she didn't intend to make any garment
at all. After she had pinned the
whole pattern carefully in place. she
took it of and rolled it up. There
was CLEAN of triumph in her eye.
''Thank you," she said. That's all
wanted. / knew it didn't take four
yards. That dressmaker has just kept
that extra yard and half, that's what
she's done.
But my myl Think of dress
maker reckless enough to try to de-
ceive woman like that!-Washington
Post,
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1898-12-21
Manufacturing French Noblemen.

A treatise entitled, SIS There h
French Nobility?" written by the vi
comte A. de Roger, is burning topic
in the highest social circles of Paris,
France, at present. The Vicomte de-
clares that out of As, 900 "noble" fami-
lies only about four hundred are able
to substautiate a claim to ancient
lineage. The writer also asserts that
on an average about forty nobilities.
are actually manufactured in the Re-,
public annually. As an instance of,
this the case of NJ. Dulac is quoted,
who asked permission to change his
name to Du Lac de Boujon. Two
years later he paraded as a count.
The Pope also, says the Vicomte,
grants an average of sixty titles of
comte or prince annually. 1t is
shown that about fifty per cent. of
foreign blood is introduced in the line
of the real noblesse by intermar-
riages with Jewish and American
heiresses. Long lists of such mar
riages are given and the treatise con-
cludes with the statement that the
present French nobility is delusion.
New York Journal.