The daily morning journal and courier., 1898-07-07
HOW SPAIN WAS DRIVEN FROM
 ARGENTINA.

ARGENTINA
 There was from the first a very great difference between the colonizing of South and North America. The one was settled by adventurers, the other by sober and God-fearing Puritans. Without instituting any ungenerous comparison between Puritanio and sometimes fanatical Catholicism, which appears to have allowed so much li Tense of life, it is impossible to doubt for moment which proved the best and surest foundation for the building up of a nation. The one tended to per- manency, the other to decay. Spain, as the result of brilliant daring and un- scrupulous valor, gained hold of South America which promised to bring her ever-increasing wealth and prosperity; but that hold grew weaker and weaker. One by one the rich southern states slipped from her grasp and she has left little behind her but
 
 With regard to the Vireynato de Buenos Ayres, which we now know as the Argentine Republic 1t is interest ing to note that England had an in fiuence, indirectly, in the gaining of her independence, Spains rule had proved to be the rule of the tax-gath- erer, or rather of the extortioner The first struggle on the part of Buenos Ayres was brought about in the fol- lowing manner. Britain was at war with Spain, in the early years of this century, and as a means of harassing her enemy abroad the British govern ment sent a small force to Buenos Ayres, under command of Lord Beres- ford. It was easy for the British to take possession, but not easy to keep. After holding the city for two months Beresford suffered defeat at the hands of General Liniers, who, on his own be- half, had organized the natives, with out assistance from the Madrid pow CTS. The Spanish viceroy had, in fact, fled on the approach of the British, and 1t was by their own endeavors that the inhabitants drove out our forces. England's efforts in the matter were probably half-hearted, her chief desire being to annoy Spain; and se- cond force sent against Buenos Ayres was served In like manner as the first, first for the natives had begun to feel their strength, and had become self reliant. This is the explanation why certain British flags appear to this day on the walls of the cathedral of the southern city, Britain reaped little glory, and nothing more solid, from this abortive attempt.
 It was their success against the Brit ish that led the people of Buenos Ayres to think they might be equally lucky against Spain. The armies of Napoleon were overrunning Spain, and the time seemed ripe for striking. In May, 1910, the people assembled in their chief town, declared their purpose, compell- ed the resignation of the viceroy, and established junta which, at first, pro- posed to govern In the name of the Spanish King. Spain was busily en- gagged at the time, struggling hard to keep her hold on Brazil, Peru, Chili, and others of the southern states that were aspiring towards liberty; and be- fore long the junta made no further pretence of serving in the Kings name. The main thing to do was to over power Montevideo, where the Spanish power was firmly established; and this was at last effected. Even then the struggle was not over, and it might possibly have had a different ending but for the coming of a deliverer in the person of General Martin, by whose skill and bravery the Spaniards were defeated in several places. It was through the energy of this man that not only Buenos Ayres but also Peru and Chilli gained their liberty; and the south has not forgotten what 1t owes to the brave General of Argentina Though finally delivered from the Spanish rule, it was long before the cause of freedom was established on a satisfactory footing, and the young re- public had for many years to struggle with bad rulers.
 It was not till 1853 that Buenos Ayres had finally developed into the Argentine Republic, with a definite constitution and President. This con- constitution is in many respects simi- lar to that of the United States, but there are some important differences. The President enjoys office for six --------------------------