New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-08-14
DEVELOPMENT OF Music.
THE WORLD is INDEBTED TO SEVERAL
MONKS FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES.

THE WORLD is INDEBTED TO SEVERAL
MONKS FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES
In OF n series of lectures on THE Develop
ment OF Music" delivered recently by 7. V. Flag
Ter. of Auburn. y. Y. he says
ITO Guido Arctinus. who lived in 800. a Benedic-
tine monk Of the Monastery Of Pomposa. little
town Of Tuscany. indebted for the art Of
solmlzaion the adoption OF the lines OF the staff
the use of the clefs and other improvements To
Huebald a Flemish monk. the intrOduc-
tor OF the orgAnum. primitive species of har-
mony. and under similar obga tons to
Franco. a monk Of Cologne, for the art of meas
urng music by the use Of notes.
The Introduction Of the pipe organ In France. in
the year 5i. followed by its general use in the
churches OF the West. gave powerful impetus to
the study and development Of harmony. At first
the organ was used "a accompaniment 10 tho
voice. entirely in unison. but the case with watch
several sounds could he distinguished at once
and the fact that many coubnatons az sounds
seemed agreeable 30 the oar. led TO the gradual
discovery OF Counterpart and harmony The
minor I'd was one OF tho first noticed for its pleas
Ing effect though only at the close of the song
In the year 1922 the scale first took the form
which l. now retains one Of the more remark
able things In the development Of music is the
atenoss at which notation was devised for de-
fnIng the relative length Of musical sounds.
especially when we consider that the rhythmcal
faculties of mankind There is no record among
the ancIents that they had many signs OF indica,
ton for the length OF notes. and centuries rolled
over Christerdom before there was any chroniclcd
a,;ompt to find principle for supplying this neces-
sity.
in the same year. in which William Duke 4
Normandy conquered England and introduced into
that country witch still In a cOrditon of bar
barlsm. the germ Of manners and civilization.
Franco. monk OF Cologne. reduced 10 system
lished before hls time. He distinguished three kinds
OF ttme-;he long. the bleYe and the semi breve.
At this period music was written on -four lines. hu'
In
monk introduced the use OF the staff with Ave
lines on which with the spaces, he marked his
notes By setting point up and down upon them 70
denote the rise and fall or the voice.
From the tine NJ Charemagne, durlrg six cen
turtles everything was done 10 strengthen ~ cog
mas Of the Church. MANY examples II h@glng
about technicaities can be given which are absurd
childish and laughable In their bgotry. Marchet-
/ tus Of Padua. Insisted upon all notes having the
tail upon the right side because Christ received the
spear I'm his right side. Franco thought triple tme
the only perfect time. because II expresses me til n
of the Holy Trinity. In this period the notes were
coorcd red. blue. green and yellow 10 denote the
The crusaGers to the Holy Sepulchre gave a
and fostered the growth of that class OF musicians
known as the ,roubadours, who. from their attend
ancc on royalty and nobility. acquired enormous
power in the course OF time which eventually led
their suppression.
The same inclination which led TO the FOUNDING
and establishing Of the troubadours in the Roman
ma lions called into life the minneSesang IN Ger
mamie nations Tho mnnesinger not only COM
posed but played ana sang his own songs, az
might mention that most OF IN" troubadours ana
minnesingcrs We're nohem'n. but as the poetic ana
rnuslcal ART became AT length open 10 the burgher1
and practiscd in the guilds. the schools o. the
German rnastersngers soon followed. Remember.
known That tlrant. man. has usurped and held on
to every prerosative. artistic political and re
lieious 70 ne eNrurGn G 70 exclude
women from the choir Of some churches