davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The age-herald., 1898-07-07
Mrs. Clara B. Colby.

Mrs. Clara Bewick Colby. of whom mention has already been made in these columns as the first woman in the United States to receive a war correspondents pass, is of English birth, and is related on her fathers side to the wood engraver and naturalist Thomas Bewick and on her mothers side to men of equal distinction. Mrs. Colby has achieved fame not only as an editor but as lecturer on civics litera- ture, woman's suffrage and dress reform. She was a professor at one time of Latin and history in the University of Wiscon- sin. She has studied. law and recently founded public library at Beatrice, Neb. Mrs. Colby is vice-president for Ne braska of the National American Wo- mans Suffrage association and state presi- dent of the Nebraska Woman's Suffrage association She is editor of the Woman's Tribune, successful paper established by her. She has a son who is now bugler in Colonel Grigsbys regiment, and a little adopted daughter, an Indian girl, found by General Colby on one of the battlefields of the western frontier.
The age-herald., 1898-07-07
SOCIAL REALM

tend to decrease the list of individual clubs in the general federation.
 There are some who think this would not be a great disadvantages; that the federal ton has grown to be so very large as to be urwieldly and that membership in the general federation only through the state federation would be better. In other words, they believe that the general fed eration should be to the individual clubs what the state is to the various states of the union, the state federatons represent ing the individual clubs. They say that councils of the larger body should be made up only of delegates from the state federa- toin, and that only in this way can the best work of the general federation be secured They claim that the latter body already lacks homogeniety; that it is clumsy and unwieldy, and that it is impossible to have well-conducted business meetings in which business may be dispatched in a parlia- mentary and expeditions fashion, until the club representation becomes a thing of the past. And they note the fact that in too many states the president of the slate federation, who occupies he first place at home, is made second by the laws of the greater body to the chairman of corres- pondence. who not infrequently is out of touch with the work of the state federa- ton and is not always woman of experi- erice among tine clubs of her own state.
The age-herald., 1898-07-07

summer. Mir. Phillips will have charge of the First Presbyterian church at Ashevjlle during the summer and will return to Tus- caloosa in the fall to finish his work with the Stillman institute. The people of Tus- caloosa will regret to learn that his family will not return. >
 Miss Bessie Sampy of Pensacola is visit ing Mrs. M. c Beall, at S2O Nineteenth street.
 MT. William Ellis has returned from a vacation of several weeks spent in Virginia.
 Miss Ellen Percy, the little daughter of MT. and Mrs. Walker Percy, who has been quite i'll recently with fever was muchc bet ter yesterday afternoon.
 Mrs. H. Lowenthal and Miss Ida Gelders left Sunday for Mentone Springs. where they will spend few weeks of the heat ed term.
 Mrs. Mcqueen, of Eutaw, arrived in the city yesterday and is visiting her son, Mr. J. W. Mcqueen on the South Highlands
 Yesterday afternoon the following party enjoyed tally-ho ride:
 MT. and Mrs. Jack w. Johnston, MT. and Mrs. John w. Tomlinson, MT. and Mrs. E. w. Barrett, MT. and Mrs. Wilmer Beard. Misses Virginia Walker, Susie Martin and Messrs. Dan Rogan, Nat L.. Miller and J. H. Barr
 Miss Isabel Mushat went to Montgomerv yesterday afternoon.
The age-herald., 1898-07-07

cious refreshments during the dance. The following were present
 Misses Ray Wellman, of Memphis; Cle- msntia Levy, pf Matam9Tas, Mex; Minnie Belle Pfaut, of Cincirinati; Loftle Long, of Greenville, Ala; Grace Loventhal, Blanche Rothschild, Mena Kaufman, Helen Wise, Jessie Lazarus, Clemplie Bernhelm, Dian Holzer, Rosa Fox, Theresa Beck Amelia Marckstein, Rosalind Hymes, Bertha Solo, mon, and Messrs. Abe Rich, Julian Gus field, Abe Kaufman, Herbert Levy, Hugo Marx, Benne Wertheimer, I. J. Dahlman, Alvin Rothschild, Louis Beck, Emanuel Rothschild, Henry Loeb, Ray Fies. Leo- pold Loeb. Bert Loveman, Harry Mayer, Allie Loventhal Louis Loveman.
  fly have returned from visit to St. Clair Springs.
 Mrs. Rowe Webster and her son Robert have gone to Gainesville, Tenn, to spend a month. with relatives.
 
 Mrs. c. H. Miles and children are spend- ing the summer at Baltimore and Wash ington.
 Mrs. James E. Webb. Jr., and children are visiting Mrs. Webb's mother, Mrs. Anne G. Hays, at Tuscaloosa.
 Mrs. L. J. Barnes, after a visit to rela- tives in Birmingham, has returned to her home at Tuscaloosa.
 The Tuscaloosa Gazette Of yesterday says:
 ''The Rev A. L. Phillips and family left yesterday for North Carolina to spend the
The age-herald., 1898-07-07

from the house party at St. Clair Springs.
 
 Miss Mittie Sherrod has gone to Nash ville for short visit.
 MT. and Mrs. John Sibley are attend ing the great Christian Endeavor conven- tion which met yesterday at Nashville.
 
 MT. and Mrs. J. Fies gave a large tally ho party Tuesday night at East Lake to q number of their friends in honor of Mrs. A. B. Loveman. An elgant collation. was served by Mrs. Fies during the evening.
 
 MT. and Mrs. A. B. Loveman wish to ex- tend their sincere thanks to MT. and Mrs. J. Fies for the courtesy extended them Tuesday evening in tally-ho ride to East Lake in honor of Mrs. Loveman prepara- tory to her departure for the summer Sun day next for Mt. Clemis Mich. Mrs. Mary Camp is spending the summer at Menlo Springs, Ga. MT. and Mrs. John Hine have returned from months visit to their parents at Woodward.
 Prof. J. A. Sartain, of Wylam left yes- terday for Chickamauga, Ga, to visit friends and relatives.
  Major Frank Y. Anderson has returned from a visit north.
 Miss Maude Howell is visiting the fam fly of MT. J. H. Ogburn, at Tuscaloosa.
 
 Miss Mayme Wisdom, after visit to Misses May Rose and Bessie Cox, has re- turned to her home at Montgomery. Mrs. A. F. Smith, of Atlanta, is the guest of her son, MT. Arthur D. Smith, of this city.
 Tuesday evening, at Lakeview number of young ladies rendered a cotillion to their young gentlemen friends, and served deli
The age-herald., 1898-07-07
The Recent Changes in
 Bylaws of General Federation

As much concern is felt by clubwomen in the changes made at the biennial con- vention of the General Federation of Wo- mems Clubs, recently held at Denver, the following statement relative to the matter from the Memphis Scimtar will be read with interest
 After much discussion the matter of federation dues was very radically altered. Heretofore each organization in the feder- ation has paid fixed dues per year for the privilege of membership. The federation has grown to be such huge affair that this tax has been found inadequate to meet the expenses of the biennial convention. These biennial meetings cost the General Federation about s1200O-this, of course, does not include the big sums spent by the hostess club or clubs. Of course there are no salaried officers, but there is vast amount of printing to be done, and this eats a pig nole in the $12,O00.
 "As has been shown, the five dollars per year from each organization proved in- sufficient to meet the necessary expenses, the deficit having been made up by indl- eidual women of means. For instance, one
The age-herald., 1898-07-07

woman of wealth and prominence in Phil adelphia subscribed 5000 to help pay the expenses of the meeting, and other women of wealth also gave generously. It was thought that the federation should be. put upon solid financial basis and not be dependent upon the generosity of a few rich members to meet the expenses of the meetings.
 Accordingly an amendment was enacted providing that all clubs with fifty mem- bers or less should continue to pay five dollars per year dues, while all having a membership above that limit should pay a per capita tax of ten cents per year, while state federations should pay a tax of twenty-five cents per year for every or- ganization embraced within them.
 Undoubtedly the fact that Mrs. Lowe has been chosen as president of the gen. eral federation will move the southern organizations to do all In their power to uphold her and to make her administra- tion a success. The thought of this may Induce southern clubs to make some sac rlfices in order to retain direct member ship during the term, but apart from this, 1t Is probable that the new ruling will
The age-herald., 1898-07-07
Mortgage Sale.

Under and by virtue of a power of sale contained in a mortgage executed on the 1st day of April, 1S97 by Hallie F. Law son and her husband William Lawson, to secure the indebtedness therein named which said mortgage is recorded in the or flee of the Judge of Probate Of Jefferson County, Alabama, in Volume 215, page 469 Record of Mortgages, the undersigned will proceed to sell at public outcry, for cash during the legal hours of sale, in front of the court house door of Jefferson county, Alabama, on
 WEDNESDAY, THE 20TH DAY or JULY,
 1898,
 the following described property, towit: Commencing at the northwest corner of the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section 26 township IT, range 3 west, thence east along th's line, bisecting said 40 acres about 29O feet to the west side of a 30-foot roadway thence southwestward along the western side of said roadway about 300 feet to the eastern side of 18th street, thence north westward along the northeast side of 18th street to where the same intersects the west line of said 40 acres about 200 feet, thence due north along the west line or said 40 acres about 80 feet to the point Of beginning, forming a trapezoid on which a nine-room house is located, together with all other improvements on said prop erty, known as "the Owens place." situ- ated on the North Sde in Birmingham, Jefferson county, Alabama.
 Said sale will be made by the undersign- ed as trustee and mortgagee to satisfy the indebtedness secured by said mortgage, de- fault having been made thereon.
 D. E. THOMPSON; Trustee. DENSON & TANNER. Mortgagee.
 Attorneys for Mortgagee 620- oa w-3w
The age-herald., 1898-07-07
Corner Stone of Mercy Home.

MT. Henry M. Flagler according to Q northern exchange has offered the Red Cross all the land necessary and 5000 with which to build a hospital just north of the Royal Palm hotel, Miami, Fla, for the wounded. He also offers the use of a new pier upon which the hospital may be built. or it can be placed on adjacent land.
 The offer has been accepted by the Red Cross if Mir. Flagler will undertake to have the first hospital building, 1OOxSO, ready for occupancy within one week and to con struct another smaller one if necessary immediately. The depth of water at the
The age-herald., 1898-07-07
QUEEN & CRESCENT ROUTE.
Shortest and Quickest Line to Cincinnati-Con-
 yenent Schedules 10 Louisville.

The Alabama Great Southern railroad with its connections, formerly the Queen and Crescent route, is the shortest ana quickest line from Birmingham to Cincinn- ati A solid vestibule train leaves Birming- ham at 4:25 a. rn., daily, carrying Pullman handsomest drawing room sleeping cars to Cincinnati without change, arriving al Cincinnati at 7:3O m. Cafe and observa- ton car on this train from Chattanooga to Cincinnati Close connection at Lex ington with chair cars for Louisville, ar- irving at Louisville at 7:so p. m.
 Train leaving Birmingham at 4:2e p. m.. carries Pullman sleeping cars from Bir- mingham to Louisville, arriving at Louis- vile at 7:27 a. m. Pullman Union sleeoir- 2 car Chattanooga to Cincinnati. on i!is train arriving at Cincinnati at 7:3o '. IT.
 l. II. i1i.i.iS, Travelling s.ni;er Agent, 2yiJ fisl .est. nue, Telephone 6l7
The age-herald., 1898-07-07
The FIaqIer Hospital.

This afternoon at 1 o'clock the corner stone of the new building of the Mercy Home will be laid by Rev. pr. John Mur- ray of the Church of the Advent and Mayor F. V. Evans, and General R. N. Rhodes will deliver addresses. There will be a programme embracing other features. The benediction will be pronounced by Rev. Dr. G. c. Kelly of the First Methodist church. The public is cordially invited to attend these ceremonies. The noble wo- men who have this charity in charge merit the sympathetic and helpful interest of the entire community
The age-herald., 1898-07-07

Husband or Lover in the Army or Navy? Mail him today 25c package of Allen's S who march, walk or stand need it. It cures aching, tired sore swollen, sweating feet and makes hot, tight or new shoes lous where Aliens Foot-Ease is used.
 10000 testimonials. All druggists and shoe stores sell 1t. 25c. Sample, sent FREE.
The age-herald., 1898-07-07
HAVE YOU SON. BROTHER,

yesterday afternoon.
The age-herald., 1898-07-07

pier would enable any of the transports to land the wounded right at the hospital.
 MT. Flagler will at once start building, and the Red Cross has informsa the sec retary of war of the fact, and will donate the use of the hospital fully equipped with physicians and nurses for the use of the government. Twenty-Five nurses from the New York Red Cross will be sent to Miami at once
The age-herald., 1898-07-07
In the Social Realm oi
 Birminqham and Elsewhere

Misses Mary Leigh Broadnax and Kate Meade returned yesterday from the house party at St. Clair Springs.
 Mrs. W. N. Malone and children Mrs. W. A. Porter and Miss Elise Jones will leave shortly for a summer outing to be gone until the autumn.
 MT. Henry Howze returned yesterday
The age-herald., 1898-07-07

But of course there are others who take contrary view and bring forward po- tent arguments in support of their position.
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-17

shovelfuls and blocks of metal being tossed in. On this depends the quail ity, the strength, the elasticity of the steel, essentials of the most vast inn portance of the gun of to-day.
 Two hours is usually sufficient for the boiling of this steel in it's cradle of sand. At last the one moment ar rives. The bar at the furnaces back is worked through the sand to make an opening. An instant, and into the casting pot below the mass runs, scat tering millions of sparks, a glowing, golden torrent that foams and misses as it plunges down.
 The picture of the guns second stage is superb. On every hand fly these sparks, and the mass bubbles and seethes in the casting pot. On it's top, through the glow, can be seen dirty mass-the slag or the scum that is of no use or value. But the picturesque ness of the scene has not ended. The casting process is only half through. The liquid metal must get into it's molds, and that in short order.
 On track the casting pot rests. It is pushed along this track until a gi- gantic crane overhead seizeS it, swing ing it aloft. Over mounds of sand it is swung, and the metal by the move ment of bar, is allowed to drop down in thin stream. Again shower upon shower of sparks. surrounding the men who, with chains and slaves, control the clumsy pot and pull along the crane. The grim old shop, with it's floor of sand, it's unrelenting dust and it's dreariness, is made into a brilliant cavern for the moment, and the toil- ing men are supernatural in the light. A prosaic time follows, when the metal in the molds must cool. When the sand is finally knocked away the gun that is to be is only a rough mass of cast steel, indicating only to the expert it's fine quality, and not even to him in any degree, for the tests must come to prove that. In the forg- 1 ing shop this mass is hammered and worked until it becomes an octagonal | ingot of just twice the weight it will possess when it is finally turned and bored into jacket" or tube" The hoops. the third part of a gun, are cast and forged hollow. not in solid cylinders. as the jacket and tubes are
 With the carrying away of the rough ingot of steel from the forging shop l the special work of gun making com-
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-17
THE ORLoFF DIAMOND.

At the beginning of the eighteenth century a soldier belonging to one of the French garrisons in India became enamored of the eyes of Brahma in the Temple of the Serringham. These eyes were diamonds, more brilliant than ever shone under the eyebrows. of Crapaud's European divinities. Their luster captivated his soul. He haunt ed the temple and yielding to the might of the god became a convert to his worship At least so he persuaded the priests who went so far as to admit him to some care of the temple, doubt less trusting Brahma to protect his own. But on stormy night the con- vert disappeared and with him one of the idols eyes, the other having resist ed all his efforts to dislodge it. So Brahma was left squinting, and the perhdious Frenchman sold his prize to a captain in the English navy for about 10000.
 Later it was bought by the Armenian merchant Schaffras for more than five times this sum, and was shown by him to Catharine of Russia, who offered for it about $400,0O life pension of SlS,OOO and a patent of nobility Schaffras re- fused this offer and subsequently sold the diamond to Gregory Orloff for the same sum, without the patent of nobil- ity. Orloff, part author of Catharine's greatness, and raised by her to the steps of the throne.
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-17

turning the gun as the tool eats it's way through
 After being rif1ed the gun is placed on a car and carried to the breech ma- chanism shop, where the interrupted screw breech block, in use in early all the navies of the world, is fitted. The carriage with its recoil cylinders for taking up the kick" of the piece when fired, having been finished in the naval carriage shop with as conscientious care as the gun itself, the gun is put together and shipped on the barge down the Potomac River to Indian Head, to be tested.
 The guns built at the Washington navy yard are recognized as the Clost perfect and powerful specimens of na- val ordnance in the world and the weight of their powder charge and pro- jectile, their length ar1 thei- penetra- tion would have been considered out side the bounds reason thirty years ago. The length of a 13-inch breech- loading rife is forty feet; it's weight sixty and one-half tons; it carries a projectile weiphing HOO pounds-more than half a ton-which can penetrate
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-17

In the quarrel between Russia and Turkey which immediately preceded the Crimean War, formal declaration was issued at Moscow by proclamation of the CZar, and three days later, after the Turks were well aware of the state of affairs, operations were commenced in earnest
 In the cases of Britain and France less consideration was shown. War
 was formally declared by Britain on
 March p, 1854, and on the 31st it was proclaimed by the High Sheriff of Lon
 don from the steps of the Exchange. But these declarations were made
 merely to justify the step to the peo-
 pie and to ask for their approval and
 help. Before that. time active opera
 tions had commenced by the entry of the British and French fleets into the Dardanelles, contrary to treaty, and
 the forced retreat of the Russian fleet
 to Sebastopol when the allies reached the Black Sea.
 On February the Russian Minister was withdrawn from London, and the British and French Ministers from St. | Petersburg Although such a step us ually precedes war; and is often regard ed as equivalent to a declaration, it only signifies that all hope of successful dip | lomatic negotiation has been abandoned and that war is likely to ensue. It does
 not necessarily imply a state of war, such a state requiring some definite act of hostility.
 In the opium war of 1S4O, the Italian
 wars of 1847 and 1S49, the Anglo Persian
 war of 1S56 the wars between Austria and France in 1859 Prussia and SchleS- wig g-Holstein in 1863 and Brazil and Uruguay in 1864, various hostile acts
 were committed before any declaration of war was made, although in some iGS11Qd n l- tral powers. In the Austro-Italian war of 1859, the Austro-Prussian war of 1866 and the Russo Turkish war of 1877 the declaration and active operations were practically synonymous. In the last mentioned case, for example the Porte received a corv of the declaration on the evening of April 24, the very day on which 50,000 Russian troops crossed the Roumanian frontier.
 The most notable instance in the pres
 ent century of a formal declaration of
 war being made before actual opera
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-17

mences. The boring and turning fac tory is the scene of the first step in this process
 Completed guns, ready for mounting and for fire, are not turned out in these gun shops. The finishing touches, the actual putting together of the parts of the gun. the rifling itself, are done at the ordnance works iu Washington. It is the business alone Of a gun shop to make the steel and to hand over to the of a great gun-the tube" the jacket" (which is slipped on over the tube and then ''shrunk on'' by contraction) ano the "hoops," two in number, which, for the purpose of strengthening, are fitted on tightly over the muzzle end of the tubes.
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-17

war as long as possible, or to gain time by swiftness of attack.
 The latest instances of formal decla- ration by herald were in 1885. when Louis XIII sent herald to declare war against Spain, and in 1857 when Sweden declared r against Denmark by herald sent to Copenhagen; while as late as 1871 war between England and Holland was declared by solemn proc lamation.
 As the most recent cases are those likely to influence the conduct of na- tions in the immediate future, the wars of the present century are of the great est interest at the present crisis.
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-17
HOW NATIONS
 DECLARE WAR.

"A T NOTWITHSTANDING the fact N that most people consider for
 M nal declaration of war necessa- ] ny before active measures can
 be taken it is usually the case
 in these go-ahead times that no warning whatever is given.
 When Rome was mistress of the world a declaration of war was sol emn function, attended with so much ceremony that a special college of her. aids was always kept in readiness to perform it when necessary. In me- dieval times letters of defiance served to give warning of hostile intentions, and still later heralds were sent to throw down the gantlet and make verbal declaration of wan
 In such times formal declarations were necessary to differentiate between the private br Is of a few barons and national war for which the commit nity was responsible but at the pres ent day total concealment as long as possible is the most universal rule. The objects, says the writer in Tid-Bits, of this are usuallv either to anticipate the designs of some other power, to avoid the onus of admitting state Of
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-17

tiCns were begun was that of 'snc -Prussian war in 1870. IF tlha case the declaration was aiEaosc forced, as the French, who were the aggressors, voted large war credits o7 July 15, and on the following day tn French Minister returned to Paris. A formal intimation of hostile intentions was then sent to Berlin and laid before the Parliament of the North German Confederation on July 20.
 On November 12, 1885, Britain was honored by a declaration of war from King Theebaw of Burmah, but it was a needless formality on the part of his dusky Majesty, for the British troops were already on the way to his capital, and the only reply to his challenge was his deposition, which immediately en-
The San Francisco call., 1898-04-17
MHKING GIHNT WHR, GUNS
Thousands of Men in tbe Red Glare of the Fur naces Turning Out Steel Tubes That
 Will Shoot Fifteen Mes

thousand degrees of heat and more be. fore they commence to melt. The mas ter melter runs up the heat to the ex- treme point and then lets it down.
 There are three "heats" a day in the casting shop. Three times metal is heated, three times it is let go with a mighty rush into the casting pot. The last few moments of each heat are the dramatic instants. It is then, at the judgment of the master melter, that the furnace is fed with .''medicine,'