davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27
>* SCIENTISTS TELL US HOW WE THINK <

and that there are billions of them in a cubic inch of brain substance, one is led to wonder that such mistakes of connection, or failures to connect, do not occur oftener. As it is, the tele- phone office of the brain is easily the most wonderful structure of which we have any knowledge. The most deli cate piece of mechanism ever devised by human hands is a crude thing in- deed compared with the marvellous brain cell.
 In time of war 1t often happens that an invading army will cut the tele- graph wires and destroy instruments and batteries at the central offices, so that telegraphic and telephonic com munication becomes impossible. A pre- cisely similar destruction of the brain fibers and brain cells occurs under cer- tain conditions of disease.
 The familiar disease paresis, for ex- ample, consists essentially of just such a destruction of the brain structures as this. Day by day. in the paretic's s brain, disease is making inroads upon the delicate mechanism of the cells, and correspondingly, the ideas that could alone result from the activities of those cells are annulled forever When such destruction has gone far' involving many sets of cells, it IS as impossible that the paretic's mlno should act normally, as that teie- phone system should operate with lines cut and batteries destroyed.
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27

ing which the repair shops of the brain make good the damage of the waking hours. Thus the brain of person who suffers from insomnia is in the condi- tion of locomotive which is run night and day without going to the repair shops; disaster must ultimately result.
 It is not sleep alone, however, that rests the brain cell, though sleep is ab- solutely essential to recuperation of the brain as whole. But not all parts of the brain are involved in any one kind of mental effort. The blood supply of the brain is so arranged that by expar- sion or contraction of different arteries parts of the brain may be flushed Ml.n blood and other parts damned off, so to speak, somewhat as the various cur rents of an irrigated field are regulated by the gardener. And as rapid flow of blood is essential to great mental ac- tivity, this means that one part of the brain may be very actively at work while another part is resting and re- cuperating.
 Thus it is that a person suffering from brain fatigue may leave his desk and go out into the fields with a golfstick, or on the highways with bicycle, and, by diverting his mind, give the over worked cells a chance to rest and re- cuperate.
 But it must not be overlooked that such exercise involves other brain cells. which, in turn, become eX- hauSted, and that, in the end, for the recuperation of the brain as whole, sleep is absolutely essential. No recre- ation, no medicine, no Stimulant will take it's place. The man who does not give himself sufficient hours of sleep, or who is unable to sleep when he makes the effort, Is literally burning away his brain substance, and can no more keep on indefinitely in this way than locomotive can run on indefi- nitely without getting fresh supplies of fuel.
 In this new view, 1t appears that each brain cell is sort of storage battery which can perform a certain amount of work and then must be recharged emphasized by the fact that the na- ture of the brain cells work consists like that of any other battery, of the sending out of charges of energy along fibers that may be likened to wires.
 Brain cells, when examined under the microscope, are found not Io be simple globular bodies, like many other kinds of cells. On the contrary, they are irregular in shape, and when prop erly stained, little wire-like fiberS car be seen jutting out from them in var ious directions. It is along these fibers that the messages come to the cell and other messages are sent out muct as messages go and come from a tele- phone central office.
 This likening of the brain to a tele. phone central office is 8 comparison that may be carried to a remarkable length. Indeed, no other comparison serves so well to give one correct
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27

notion of the method of brain action. But until recently there was one phase of the matter that could not be ex- plained.
 How is it that the various messages that are surging through the brain are directed to proper channels, among these multitudinous wires? When you call up the central office, you give a certain number, and the hello girl" connects your particular wire with that number. When you are through talk ing the girl breaks the circuit, and you can no longer communicate along that line. But is there anything simi- lar to this making and breaking of cir cults possible in the brain?
 Astonishing as it may seem, the an- swer is, yes. There is precisely such a series of changes in the circuits of the brain cells as is effected by the hello girl' with the telephone wires.
 The manner of it is this. Recent stud les of the brain cell, particularly those made by the Spanish physiologist, Ra- mon Cajal, have shown that many of the wires which lead out from a cell do not go on uninterruptedly to a ter imitation in some other distant cell as they were formerly supposed to do, but instead terminate in blind ends" That is to say, they point out toward other cells, but do not reach them. Such a uDeT CledIiy CdulOI convey any mes sage, because, like a telephone wire that has been cut, it does not lead any where.
 But under certain conditions of stim- ulation very extraordinary thing hap pens. The blind" fiber, under stim- ulus from it's central cell. lengthens out until it touches a fiber of neighboring cell, and, prestoi with such contact a circuit is completed and a message flashes between the cells
 Manifestly, such coming together of the blind" fibers is precisely compar- able to the hello girPs'' connecting of your telephone with another And as in the case of the telephones, so in the case of the cells, when the communica- tion is completed the connection is broken, the fibers retract and cease to touch one another, and no further mes sages can be sent.
 Sometimes the telephone girl does not understand your order, or reports that the number you want is engaged and you cannot send your message. Similarly in the brain, it seems some times as if certain circuits one wishes to use~are engaged in other channels. for how often does one puzzle his brains" to recall fact or a name which he feels that he knows perfectly. but which will not come at command And then how, perhaps hours after afterward, the elusive name will flash before him as if the telephone girl of his brain cell had at Hast succeeded in getting the right connection?
 When one reflects that each of these wonderful brain cells is microscopic in size, requiring, indeed. a high power of the microscope to make 1t visible.
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27

known that the Drdln IS the
 thinking organ, but just how the making of thought comes about has been a puzzle
 The celebrated Cabanis solved the matter off-hand by saying that the brain secretes thought as the liver se- cretes bile. This terse saying passed into common use, but soon came to be recognized as a clever speech rather than an explanation of the mystery.
 Now, however, the most recent re- searches of the microscopists are mak- ing 1t appear that after all the saying Is not so far wrong, but that, correctly in terpreted, it in some measure expresses the facts Of course thought, being in tangible, is not properly to be com pared with bile or any other physical substance, but 1t appears that the pro cesses in the brain which produce thought, and without which thinking is impossible, are strictly comparable to those changes in the liver and other or gans which produce the tanglDle Secre- tions.
 A committee of British physicians, acting jointly, has for some years been giving particular attention to this topic, and their researches, though not yet al together complete, already show some very interesting results, which, taken together with those of inveStlgators on the continent, let us see long way Into the intricacies of the brain.
 It has shown uneQuivocally, TOT exam pie, that brain cell, which IS the really important part of the brain, actually loses part of it's substance during ac- tion. The brain cells of persons ana 0! animals that have died during perioo of great exhaustion from over-exertlon are found to be greatly changed from the condition of the normal cell during times of health and vigor. The cell ol l the exhausted brain, instead or being plump and full of nervous matter, Is | found to be hollowed out Of Vacuolat- ed," cavity within its substance nav l ing formed and being filled with water This means that part Of the cell Suo- l stance has been actually consumed dur l ing the time of brain activity, preclsely as coal is consumed when one gets heal | from a furnace.
 l It is found, further, that If an ami l nal whose brain cells are thus ex- | hausted is permitted to rest and tt sleep it's cells rapidly recuperate, new material being supplied from the blooe until the vacuolation has d1sappeard l and the cell is practically as good a! new again. This explains why sleep is 1 necessary to >our existence. Durfne waking hours our brains are literally l worn away. and sleep Is the state dur
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27

It will doubtless surprise many to learn that the dealers in human hair do not depend on chance clippings here and there, but there is regular halr harvest that can always be relied upon. It is estimated that over 12,00O pounds of human hair is used annually ln the civilized world for adorning the heads of men and women, but principally the fair sex The largest supply or hair comes from Switzerland, Germany and the French provinces. There is hu- man hair market in the department of the Lower Pyrenees, held every Fri day. Hundreds of hair traders walk up and down the one street of the village, their shears dangling from their belts, and inspect the braids which the peas ant girls, standing on the steps of the houses, let down for inspection. If a bargain is struck the hair is cut and the money paid on the spot
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27


 Cubans do not enjoy it, and who
 knows that before long it may be ] prohibited by an act of Con
 gress?" The speaker was a hand Ion1e man, with a strong, thoughtful face, as he looked down into the bull ring in Havana several Sundays ago. Mazzintini, Spains great toreador, had just brought a magnificent Mexican bull to his knees by a quick, daring thrust. The thousands of spectators who lined the amphitheater, tier upon tier, were applauding frantically. Hats were be- Ing shied. into the ring with reckless generosity, only to be disdainfully thrown back to the seats and scrambled for by the owners.
 It was not such a crowd as one sees in Madrid or Seville. As the first speak CT remarked, bull fighting, or bull butchering, is not a Cuban sport; it is essentially Spanish, and above every thing Spanish in Havana now hangs the dread of Americans and their Con- ? .gress. Cubans love baseball. They do :: not play it now, because, silly as it may seem, Weyler forbade the game. This only makes them love it all the
 
 New York Herald.
 All through the eager, excited crowd on that Sunday afternoon sat sad-eyed boys in the uniform of Spain, with their Mauser rifles over their knees. Next to the presidents box lofled half doz- en officers high in command. It had been rumored in Havana that there was to be another popular outcry against autonomy, and the sad-eyed boy soldiers were there with their Mau- ser rifles to see to 1t that the dignity of the latest Spanish experiment for holding. the island was not insulted. Poor autonornist ministers! They might be hanged by the insurgents if they went into the bushes to talk "autono- my and it takes Mauser rifles to en- force respect for them in the bull ring of Havana.
 The last bull is butchered and the crowd files peacefully out of the ring and starts on a trot for the ferryboat that runs across the bay, There was no outcry, and Havana's narrow streets swallow up its bull fighting pop Q ulation only to disgorge it on the prom enades of the Central Park when the lights are lit and the military band plays inspiring martial airs. Around and around the park the crowds stroll, smoking strong cigarettes or occasion ally breaking ranks to eat ice cream at one of the numerous cafes.
 All Havana eats ice cream. They make it of the most unheard-of fruits and eat it with delicate little sugar wafers. The stroll is over by Il, and then the city is wrapped in it's nerv- ous, fltful sleep. Away in the hills within gunshot of the city lie the lynx eyed insurgents watching the lights ot the city as they darken in the streets and theaters; watching for an oppor- tunity to steal into the suburbs and dash back into the bushes with qui- nine or cartridges.
 Night after night the same scene is witnessed: occasionally a train of cars is blown up with dynamite and shots are fired into the disabled train, but Havana has ceased to be even dis turbed by these events. An obscure paragraph in a local paper gives mea- ger details, and the incident is dropped
 It is truly astonishing how accus- A~med one becomes even to the. most
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27

! uolico will cheeTfully testify to his unfailipg courtesy. It was this corps which, equipped as infantry with Rem ington rifles, distinguished itself by the masterly manner in which it handled the mobs during the riots, without once having occasion to fire a Shnt.
 Although the evidences of war to be seen in Havana are Scanty enough, it is amazing how frequently the insur- gents manage to run the guard of the outposts and make forays into the suburbs. Hardly week passes that
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27

worn in our army. Ordinarily the, are armed with huge revolver, worn on the. left side in a buff leather sheath, and a short, straight sword. They are all admirably set up, and their arms equipments and uniforms are the very pink of perfection, in striking contrast to. the slovenliness and dilapidation of weapons and cloth ing that characterize the Spanish sol dier of the line.
 All tourists who have had occasion to come into contact with an Order
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27

Few words have a more curious def milton than bachelor" Originally itA meant students who had taken their degree. Successful students were crowned with laurel berries the Latin for which is baccalaureus These stu dents were not allowed to marry. for fear the duties of husband and father should interfere with their literary pur- suits. So finally 'baccalaureate'' or bachelor" got it's present significance
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27

a squadron of a dozen or so reckless horsemen does not make night raid on the little town of Casa Blanca, across the bay, and a scant quarter of mile from the palace itself. These raids are made half in bravado and half for the purpose of footing the few stores in the place to procure supplies of liquors and provisions, and as finale, before retreating across the hills to the westward, the raiders gen. orally discharge few random shots at the city across the bay.
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27

General Lees breakfast to the off, cers of the Maine. at the Marianao Yacht Club, on January 30, served as a pretext for a raid by the insurgents, who were anxious to give the Ameri- can visitors an example of their prow
 ess. Word had been sent to the nearest insurgent camp that the break fast was to take place, and arrange ments were made for foray, under Juan Delgado, to attack the town as a sort of spectacular finale to the enter tainment at the club.
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27
A CITY OF PLEASURE LOVERS
 WHO ATTEND BULL FIGHTS
 WITH HALF A MILLION DEAD r. OR MISSING AND DANCE AND
 GAMBLE IN THE FACE OF :: DEATH,

No City the World Just Now So Much American Eye Havana in Whose Harbor Our Noble BatteShp Was Blown Up Last Week. Here Vivid Picture Life the Cuban Capital as It Is Today
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27

T last scientists seem to be on the point of finding out what
 happens in the brain when a person thinks. It has long been known that the brain is the
The San Francisco call., 1898-02-27

THIS sport is purely Spanish. We
 Cubans do not enjoy it, and who
 knows that before long it may be ] prohibited by an act of Con
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

Duluth News Tribune: The Rat
Portage Lumber co ..pany. wilr do q
very extensive logging business on
the American side of the boundary
this SEASON. Besides the cut of the
camps on Rai.y river and Little
Fork, the comPaay will handle that
Of three camps on Kapetol amak
lake, which have been put in BY Sen
ator Backman. The company recent
" purchased sleeo,ooo tee 4 Of
standing Piae near Rainy Lake City,
but was too late in closing the deal
to: allow putting in q camp to log it
this season. =
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11
Gamers.

When buying goods a ways con
slider quality with price. g aim
to give the best goods for the
money. If not just as represented
return and get your money. Mail
orders will always receive prompt
and careful attention. II you cam
not come your self, send us your
order, and we will take care of
you. -~... |i =
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

A social will be given at the resi-.
dence Of Mrs.. G. .B. Bucksaan on
Monday evening. Noye.nber 18th,
under the auspices Of the st. Andrews
Brotherhood Of, the Episcopal church.
4 mueical program and all kinds oil
amusements will be provided. Re-
freehments will be served. All are
invited.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11
3''urn'e !; Dry J { !: !.
!. Goods Store.

!. this year more than ever be-
fore shows it's leadership
new ideas in evidence at every
turn The wonderful: success O
our buyers has : made it p[ossib ]
for us to give prices that viii
open the eyes Of the purchasin 2
pu bile. Our shelves are full o:
th e latest and hest goods. Morri.
son county ladies are invited to in
spect our large stock. ...... -.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

Awarded.
e District Court.

]; Judge Sear'- opened i special term
of d,at ri,.t i:,urt,it the court house
Wsi,,p44iay y. utJrrinn.lA E::s .s i. ~
81 Th.. MATTER 81 supplementary pro.
cettl,ng4 il Il Judgment against s.
Suc,n.k' was t.tkt,n un.ier advice
ment. E z - ~ s5js4 80 4
The ease OF Dr.: ts..rtra,n w VIM.
Wick and Lem Wick was argued and
taken under a.ivi,-,...nt:: ~: H.. a., j.
The case ot F'ra,...i4. Rogers Va. p.
81. Gross md Macy t;r<.4+.--one of the
perenn NAL ga. .'',.&'r--wts continued
until tie. sprcial tst u next January.
The case ri Mary :M.,rrail VI. W. II
Morrill, vorct--w',s tried :; and
taken under adr.se.ttr t =. :. y: =.
Testimony was tax en- in the caste
OF J. H. Rhodes w.. 4: x. Buchanan
involving ownership t'f the fixtures
in the Flynn~t4<,ck. Jr'fn Swar T. Q
St. Cloud hard u. =bili of, aale of the
block and tlxtsr,3 sind it is claimed
Flynn sold the. fixtures, with
Schwartz's ssa,ction. TO Rhodes.
Buchanan bo%aght the property and
claims the fixtures az part OF the
real estate ?, ? r. II. :. =;
Judgment tor plaintiff was given
in the case OF o. ". sylvestel ".
Alonzo Child ct al: \. ~s<.! :.,e:
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11
Many Rsoasae Cannot Drink,

: Many People Cannot Drink. :
coffee ut utght. 1T ~poi's their sleep.
You can driuk Grain-O when you please
and sleep ike u top. For Grain-O dot~
not stimulate it nourishe~, cheers and
feeds. Yet It looks and tastes like the
best coffee. For nervous'persoas, young
people ard children Gra,n-O ia the per-
feet drink. Made from pure grains.
Get . package from your grocer today.
Try it il place Of coffee. Is and 25c.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11
81 CHURCH. y ! Z

+. Pastor Rev.4W W. II. Easton. : >.@
Epworth League at 8 O'Clock instead
of $50, q union meeting with the
Junior League. Everybody cordial
" invited to all these services. Seats
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

Mr.. Lakin's election puts q first
class man on the county board, and
makes it democratic. The new board
will run the county all right.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

Felix Rahmuth and Mary K inland
were married at the German Catho-
lie church Tuesday morning by
Father Raster.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

: Our fours are sold directly to con.
sumers. We guarantee satisfaction
or money refunded: >..s. I, .... y. IL.
Two RvERs MILLING Co., :
.. .%;& tx Vasalv Block.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

Morrison county stood nobly ~
Towne aud gave him An increase Of
400 in majority. Some counties
which have shouted loudly-Stn .
for inatance-c Towne henvi!y.
Morrison county is the most reliable
democratic county in the district.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

Buchanan town swung into the
democratic column this year. This
is pretty good for a town that has
been republican for years. @.t
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

The county caDvnesGg board met
at the court house Yesterday to
canvass the returne. II consisted Of
Justices Sheldon Of Little Falls and
VIM. eGrell 81 Rnh, Auditor Nichols
and Chairman Jacobson Of the
county board =s:: f.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

Frank Bourassa has left the crew
which went to Louisiana, and gone
to Oklahoma to visit his grand.
parents. >
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

: & ~ - ts.E :
Mrs. Mcmillan. Miss Col and Dan
Kirchgessner's children returned "a
Staples Tuesday 81. .:;..
W.. NJ. Fuller, G. =. SVasaly and several
Others, left for Salt River Tuesday. 81. e
Miss H. Lamothe has returned from
st. Paul. :, -~ II, =. ISL .,,>-. Isl i -
Louis vasaly, Jr.. was up from the
State University Tuesday. =
y A. D. MacRae and A. ]. Davids IN. OF
Duluth. were in town yesterday, -. ~
II John, t3atters has gone to Pine River,
Grow Wing county.
IT.; Calhoun, Of st. Cloud, was in the
city Wednesday. -. ..-.>. ...
GEO. Stewart was mp rom St. Cloud
Wednesday. - ZIG
Az. blanchard returned from Zum.
brota Tuesday night. s.".s ~
": WetzeI. III st: Clond, visited his
sons here this week.
sr. Il. II. Hill. of Royalton, was The
guest of Mrs.; f. 6. Hill this week.
Mics Lotti. Tanner has returned from
,Winona.
7 Miss Aasd Wood returned from st.
Cloud "Wednesday evening.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11
Tanners.
The venison season is in full blast.
John Kraemer of Pierz received s.
for wolf bounty Wednesday.

Mrs. o. Berg has returned to Ash
land, Wis.,, after q visit with hel
son, T. @. Berg.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11
&t1'aYed.

From ny earm-the Tibbetts place
south Of Little Falls, 3: spring
calves and, l yearling, about Oct. %:
All marked BY split on Left ear. Re
ward Tor retarn.
a&@ PETER McDERMorT.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11
Lost.

A red COW, about 6 years old,
strayed from q herd east Of the city,
One horn shorter than the other.
Please notify = s>*a.7
THDoDoRE KRzYPEK, !: ].
I, =. il. !. a@s55 Berg'ss Addition.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1898-11-11

Lagzim Adams is az ain able to be
ct his work at Squire & Sons con-
iectionery store. =4.it