The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1898-08-14

OF other bands. which considerably add
to the difficulty of determining al
what precise period the second and
third coronet were added. In this
perplexity the data and Illustrations of
NJ. MuntZ become particularly valua-
Die. As he points out. il Is of the high
est Importance to exclude the purely
fanciful drawings of medieval artists
in distant countries. who had never
seen a tiara in their lives. or. again. the
equally misleading reservations of a
later date. n TO confine attention only
TO the contemporary monument erect
ed ON the spot. or produced under the
direction of the popes themselves.
with regard to later developments.
there appears no sufficient reason %
depart from the commonly received
opinion which assigns TO Pope BOni-
face VIII. D294-1303) the addition of a
second district coronet. The develop
ment must have been introduced.
however. at the end of his reign, for
his various statues are said to show
unable TO produce a single clear n
trustworthy representation of "a tiara
with two crowns only. The absence Of
any monument to Deroetuate this in
termediate stage is probably due to the
fact thai the addition of the third cor
onet followed very soon upon the sec
md. probably in the reign of Clement
V. who died i'm 1874. There is, at any
rate. the clear evidence of an lnven-
tory of that date which mentions IA
crown called the regnum. with three
gold circlets and many precious
stones" NJ. MuntZ believes IL to be
certain that this was the same tiara
which later on was preserved in the
treasury of the Lateran under the
name of the tiara of ST. Sylvester ana
which was stolen in 1885. We have
representations of it before the c~irclets
..asaa aA1aI In the GfnfHuAE Of Nfahnla2
". and Boniface VIII. and Fra An
gelico seems to have copied il i'm it's
later form i'm his fresco of Martin !.
.ordaining st. Lawrence, painted for the
chapel OF Nicholas V. i'm the Vatican.
This tiara. in the days Of Boniface
VIII. was surmounted by a superb
ruby. quite the Wonder of the world.
when Clement V. was crowned at
Lyons i'm 1906 a riot took place; the
tiara was struck from his head, and
the ruby. which formed the boss at it's
apex, was lost beyond hope of recov-
cry.
From the tim of Benedict XII.
U334-1342D, the three superposed
crowns have been clearly defined,
though the contour of the tiara itself
and the forms Of the crowns have va
ried. The only possible exception is
the tiara made for Pope Julius IL. in
1907 by the famous Milenese jeweler,
Carradosso. That pontiff who, in his
disregard of all ritual precedent, was
the despair of his master of ceremo-
mics, was intent only on the display II
the magnificent jewels which he had
g%atehered from the end of the earth for
his new tiara.
Accordingly.it is only by a considerable
flight of the Imagination that we rec
ogniza three crowns i'm the tier of jew
eled bands which encircle the bee hive
shaped structure. This tiara cost Pope
Julius more han 100000 ducats, the
of quite $2,000,O 900 at the
present day.
BY the fortunate accident of it's be-
ing i'm pawn, IT escaped the looters At
the sack of Rome in 1921. Gregory
XIII. added "A superb emerald to IL.
said 10 be the largest known, and
Weighing 440Lcarats.
This tiara remained in the pap1l
treasury until the end of the last cen
fury, when II was first refashioned by
Pius VI, and then seems to have been
broken up at the time of the French
revolution. We only know it through
the print of an English engraver, q.
which NJ. Muntz has fortunate
~ rescued from oblivion. The emerald
added by Gregory XIII. fell into the
hands of Napoleon, and was for a
while preserved in a geological muse
um at Paris. Ultimately il was re-
stored by the emperor in a tiara which
he presented To Pius VII, and when
still remains in the possession of the
Holy See.
Hardly less sumptuous h the
lara of julius II. was that OF Paul II,
which was valued by contemporaries
At 81 800 900 In modern money. More
unfortunate than the last named. il
persisted in the sack of Rome. The
'nemies of Pau II. seriously affirmed
hat he was SO fond of wearing this
orgeous h%eadgear that the weight Of
I induced the attack Of apupleNy Of
he died. The Roman pnpulaca.
,till more ~credulous. declared that thu
lemons Of the jewels with which 1t
studded s%trangled him. There =
very reason to believe that this is the
lara which nay be seen on the head
If Alexander VI. In his bust in the BeT-
in museum.
with regard To the ornaments i'm ac-
ual use, Mgr. Barber de Montauit,
would naturally be well Informed
such a point, writing not long be-
'ore the occupation of Rome, states
hat the Papal tiaras are. or then were,
our in number. The first, already re-
erred to, which was given 10 Pin VII.
is valued at a sum not far short ~
600. 1t is of white velvet encircle1
crown of gold. studded with dia-
learis. The emerald which forms is
lpcx is the unique gem spoken If
,bove. 1t bears the inscription,
'GregOrius Kill, Pont. Opt. Max
rhe second tiara was made for Greg
,ry XIII. and is valued at $4,000: the
bird, which was a present of the Pal
Guard To Plus IN, cost nearly
900. The most beautiful and precious
# all is that which the queen of Spain
To the pope in 1854; there are 1900
diamonds in IL and its value excee Is
600.
1t will readily he understood that
While the mitre is the emblem OF spir-
tual Jurisdiction. the tiara is closely
associated with temporal dominion. As
bishop of Rome, the pope wears the
nitro. and as sovereign he is crowned
With the tiara. As carly as the time
4 Innocent lii. this was clearly under
TODD. The church has given me a
'rown." wrote that pontin. in sign Of
temporal office, and i'm token of my
piritual functions she has invested
-. Nth tho paKfPa. tho VpffFa for rha