Omaha daily bee., 1898-08-14

rotary Cadwalader, the department issued a
small volume containing a Digest Of the
Published Opinions of the Attorney General
and of the Leading Decisions OF the Federal
Courts with Reference to international Law,
Treaties and Kindred Subjects The more
important and comprehensive work by Fran
els Wharton on the same subject was pub
lished in 1886. and the department is having
prepared by Prof. John b. Moore a new edi-
ton of this work. other publications of the
department give full information as to the
American practice in dealing with foreign
countries.
In the custody of the Bureau of Rolls and
Library are deposited among other impor-
tant papers the Declaration OF Independence,
the Articles of Confederation, and the Con-
s%titution of the United States. A fac-simile
of the Declaration OF independence was made
in 1924. These fac-similes are now quite
common, but the original copy is almost too
much faded to be read.
The passport business Of the department is
also a large one.
Location of the Department
The foreign affairs of the United States
were properly conducted at first by the Con-
tinental congresses, and the first of these
met in Carpenters hall, in Philadelphia, so
that 1t was there that the Department OF
State had its origin. The congresses occupied
the lower floor Of the building and the com
mittees were in smaller rooms on the second
floor. Then the government moved over to
Independence hall. AS soon as the Depart
ment of Foreign Affairs was organized by
Livingston it took possession of a small
house in Philadelphia at 13 South Sixth
street. Livingston had his office in the
front room of the second floor and his clerks
were given desks in rooms Immediately back
of HE rom, Whom the government was
carted over to New York in 1885 the De-
partment of Foreign Affairs found quarters
in the famous Frances tavern, in the long
room of which Washington had taken fare
well of the generals of the revolution at the
close of the war. Here it remained until
1883, when it moved to the west side Of
Broadway in a house owned by Philip Liv-
ingston, near the Battery. Later it was
moved to another house on the same street
on the opposite side.
The capital having been again located at
Philadelphia, the department took up its
abode first on Market, then on the south
east corner of Arch and Sixth streets, then
in North alley, and finally at the north
east corner of Fifth and Chestnut streets,
where it remained until 1t was moved to
Washington, except for an interval of
three months, from August to November,
1883, when it occupied the state house at
Trenton, n. j., the office being moved from
Philadelphia on account Of an epidemic of
yellow fever.
On June 1, 1900, the archives were lodged
in the treasury, the only building sufficiently
completed to receive them, and, August 81,
were placed in one of the six buildings
on PENNSYLVANIA avenue. In May, 1901, the
offices were placed in the war Office on
Seventeenth street, then later while repairs
were being made the offices were in a build
I ing on G street, and in 1920 they were re-
: moved to the corner of Pennsylvania avenue
u and Flftieth street. In 1866 the department
l leased the premises belonging to the Wash
ington Orphan asylum, and in 1875 the de-
partment moved into it's present quarters in
' the south wing of the War, State and Navy
= building.
! Work of the Department.
The results of the operation of this ma
chinery of the most important of the
executive departments are a part of ma
, tional history. The mission of the de-
partment is one of peace. Its diplomatic
agents uphold the honor and dignity of the
nation in the family of nations by peaceful
:, means. Its consular officers are the agents
: of trade and commerce., which prosper most
in times of peace. Back of the peaceful
objects Of the government managed by the
Department of State lies the power of en-
: forcing their acceptance upon foreign powers
!, through other departments of the govern
+, ment. 1t was under the old Department OF
, Foreign Affairs that the treaty OF peace
with Great Britain was negotiated in 17S3
; and the United States became a free and
a independent state. With Thomas Jefferson
:, as president, James Madison as secretary OF
, state and Robert l.. Livingston and James
: Monroe as their agents in Paris, the ter
ritOry of Louisiana was bought in
1903. 1t was through this de-
partment that John Quincy Adams
=, as secretary of state announced the now
, famous Monroe doctrine. The treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo was negotiated in 1S4S,
/, and in 1871 Hamilton Fish negotiated the
treaty of Washington and the settlement of
claims growing out of the fitting out of
confederate cruisers in Great Britain were
5 settled. But nearly all important public
matters relating to the foreign policy Of the
t United States have come through the de-
g partment.
e The general history of the department in
I this pamphlet was written by Gaillard Hunt.
Under the head of How it is Run" the
D different bureaus are described. The chief
5 clerks office Is described by William II.
1 Michael, the Bureau of Appointments by
i Robert Brent Mosher, the Diplomatic bureau
by Sydney Y. Smith, the Consular bureau by
{ r. S. Chiffon, jr., the Bureau of Indexes and
> Archives by Pendleton King, the Bureau
! of Accounts by Frank A. Branagan, the
{ Bureau of Rolls and Library by Andrew
, Hussey Allen, and the Bureau of Foreign
= Commerce by Frederick Emory. Each OF
: these persons is chief of the bureaus
! indicated. Others connected with the de-
. partment are William r.. Day of Ohio, sec
= rotary; John B. Moore Of New York, as
sistant secretary; Alvey A. Adee of New
York, second assistant secretary; Thomas
w. Cridler of West Virginia, third assistant
: secretary; William l., Penfield of Indiana
solicitor, and Henry l.. Thomas of New
\ York, translator. The exhibit of the de-
partment at the exposition is under the
;. direction of Chief Clerk Michael and Johr
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