davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28
Farmers Colleges.

All agricultural colleges should pro-
vide winter courses Of study and instruc-
tion for farmers boys and girls. The
work on the farm demands their help
during the summer months and the win
ter season Is the only time that most Of
the farmers boys and girls can devote
to attending school. The school year for
farmers children who are old enough to
attend colleges must begin with about
the first Of November and end with about
the first of April. This gives five months
for school in each year. And a course
of three or four years should be provided
In all farmers colleges that would en-
brace the winter months when farmers
children could attend without taking
them away from the active work on the
farm during the summer months. "A
course of this kind would have the addi-
tlonal advantage Of allowing the stu
dents to put in actual practice on the
farm during the summer months what
they had studied at the college during
the winter, thus combining theory and
practice in the most helpful manner.
The theory Of agricultural colleges is to
make better farmers, but the teaching Ia
such schools has too much Of tendency
to lead the students away from actual
farming and into other vocations and
pursuits In life. A winter course at such
school could be so arranged as not to
take the students away from the farms
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28
Butter and Cheese.
owner.

Ordinarily it takes about 20 pounds Of
milk to make a pound Of butter and
about ID pounds OF milk to make O
pound Of cheese. Any farmer who as
certains the market price at which but
ter and cheese can be sold can easily
figure out which will be the most profit
able for him to make, butter or cheese,
or which 1t will pay him best to pat
ronize, the creamery or the cheese fac
tory. II he has not convenient scales
for weighing the milk he can estimate il
by considering a pint as a little more
than a pound. About 8S per cent, that
is, about 88 in every 100 pounds Of milk
is water and the remaining IL per cent.
has to furnish the elements for making
the butter and cheese. Hence 1t can
readily be seen how little Of nutritious
food Is left for the calf that Is raised on
skim milk or whey.
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28
Hogs a. Life Preservers.

The hog has received great many
kicks and curses in his day, but he has
gone right along peacefully gruntlng and
converting almost any kind Of old cast
off and refuse food into pork and the
pork into money to pay mortgages, build
houses and barns and buy pianos and
other luxuries for his friends. But the
latest and most important freak Of use
fulness to which he has been put was
to use him for life preserver. A ves-
sci was recently shipwrecked on the Aus
tralian coast and there was no means at
hand to communicate with the shore.
There were lot of live hogs in the cargo
and the captain was thoughtful enough
TO tie light lines to their hind legs and
throw them overheard. The pigs swan
ashore through the rough sea, dragging
the lines after them. Strong ropes were
tied to these lines and drawn ashore by
people on the land and by this means the
lives OF the people on the ship were
saved, thanks to the humble and some
times much desplsed hogs.
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28

Careful experiments running through
number of years show that fruit trees
will make more rapid growth with
clean cultivation than they will when
any kind Of crops Is grown among them.
But for the first six years after apple
trees are set in orchards corn or potatoes
or beans or some such hoed or cultivated
crops can be grown in the orchard with
out materially retarding the growth OF
the trees. Red clover can be grown
among the trees without retarding their
growth to any great extent, because the
clover is a fertilizer of the soil and keeps
1t mellow and moist. But small grain,
such as oats or wheat, should never be
grown in an orchard, for it will dwarf
the growth of the trees. Trees set in
blue grass sod, or where the land Is
seeded in blue grass after the trees are
set, will not generally make 0ne-fourth
the growth Of the same kind Of trees that
are given clean cultivation. Peach or
chards should have clean cultivation and
no crops should be grown IN them unless
perhaps potatoes, cabbage or some such
low-growing hoed crops. When apple
trees commence bearing the orchard
should be seeded to clean red clover If
the ground gets dry and hard it should
be pulverized with a disk harrow and
again seeded to clean clover. The theory
of all this Is that the growth Of wood
may be crowded while the trees are
young, but when the trees begin to bear
fruit the growth Of wood should be re-
tarded in order to encourage the devel-
opment Of fruit buds.
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28
American Corn.

A million dollars worth of corn is be-
ing sent each week from this country to
Europe. A large part Of 1t goes to Ger
many for feeding stock. It is easily han
died, is a nutritious food in a condensed
form and furnishes the German farmers
cheap and wholesome food for their
stock. It Is estimated that there will be
a yearly market for 150,0O0,OO0 bushels
of corn for this purpose in Germany
alone. France Is also using large guam
titles OF our corn and Africa cannot get
enough to supply the demand. If the
United States had a merchant marine Of
her own American vessels and Amerl-
can seamen would get the benefit from
the export transportation Of American
products, and American seamen would
hunt out and supply the foreign markets
with American products to far greater
extent than will the merchant marine
of any foreign country.
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28
Guaranteed Eggs.

Another swindle in selling old eggs for
new has been discovered in the mar
kets Of England When eggs get so old
and dingy as to be unmarketable they are
renovated by washing them in a solution
Of diluted vitrol This gives them the
appearance OF being newly laid eggs and
the dealer sells them on their appearance
and simply guarantees that they are eggs.
Such eggs are q deluslon and a snare
and a sad disappointment to the unfor-
iunate housewife who undertakes to cook
them for table USE Stale eggs should not
be-. used for food in any form, not even
for hens or hogs, but they should only
be used as other ofPal for fertilizers to
enrich the soil.
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28
Cider Through a straw.

Many a man remembers we'll how,
when ne was a boy, he used to suck
cider from the bunghole Of a cider bar
rel with straw, and how boozy 1t would
make the boys after the cider had got
very hard These are happy recollec-
tlons of many a mans boyhood days,
A man in Pennsylvania recently tried
this old game and he will recollect the
circumstance longer than the boys who
got boozy from drinking hard cider
through a straw. The bunghole Of the
barrel had been left open and large
hornet, attracted by the fumes Of the
cider, had gone in to get drink and
was floating in the cider when this man
began drinking 1t through tube. The
hornet was sucked into his throat, where
It stung him so severely that the conse-
Quent swelling nearly choked him to
death.
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28

milking should be done with an easy,
steady motion that can only be acquired
by experience. Cows should be MIXED
completely dry, for the last Of the milk
is the richest. It is generally called
"strippings." In some States there are
very stringent laws with severe penalties
for Withholding from milk sold any Of
the "strippings," because they are the
richest portion of the milk and II is con-
sidered swlndling and fraud to milk
them in a separate pail and withhold
them when selling the milk If COW is
not milked clean she will not give so
much the next day, and it has tendency
to dry her off. Hence shiftless milker
who does not milk the cows clean is a
damage both to the cows and their
owner.
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28
Corn and Oats for Horses.

There are $4,000 omnibus horses In
Paris, France, and they are fed almost
wholly on corn and oats shipped from
this country. These horses are driven
fifteen or sixteen miles each day and the
service is so laborious and exhausting
that the average age Of horses in this SER
vice is only five years. The daily ra-
ton for each Of these horses Is eight
pounds Of shelled corn and eight pounds
OF oats with ten pounds Of cut hay or
Oat straw and two pounds Of beans.
American grain is in demand for feeding
not only horses but people in Europe, and
the demands for the products OF the
American farmer are constantly increas-
ing.
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28
Milking Cows.

Milking cows properly requires expe-
rience, skill and tact, and is both a
science and an art. 1t requires patience
and yet it must be done quickly and
gently. A man who can milk eight or
ten goods COWS in an hour and do it well
Is valuable man for a dairyman to
have. A kicking COW can nearly always
be traced to a kicking or rnskillful
milker. A swearing man or boy should
not be allowed to milk a cow, for an
oath and blow generally go together,
and they are both indicative Of the brute
in human form. If cow holds her milk
it As q sign that she has been abused by
surne mixer Jerking the teats will make
q cow inclined to hold up her milk. The
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28
Wool in North-Central Kansas.

]. N. Grau, of Asherville, Mitchell
county, Kansas, whose exhibits OF Me-
rino and Dickinson Delaine sheep and
wool at the Omaha Exposition attracted
such favorable attention, will talk to the
Kansas Board of Agriculture at it's jan
uary (1-1S) meeting of his methods and
experiences in north-Central Kansas, as
region which he thinks unexcelled for
producing the finer grades Of wool.
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28
Composition Of Eggs.

Before striving to do something you
should first find out what you seek. You
desire the hen to lay eggs. She cannot
produce something from nothing, and she
cannot produce an article different from
the elements or materials on which she
works. A weaver makes wooden car
pet, but his employer does not supply
cotton for that purpose, but wool, and
he works to make certain number of
yards Of carpet, and of particular kind.
His loom must also be in good condition
for the work. Before we begin on the
carpet we must first determine of what
the carpet is to be composed and the
kind Of material required. Just so with
the egg; so let us find out what is in the
egg, anl then we will know how to go to
work on 1t. OF course, all eggs are not
exactly alike, but we will take one of
1000 grains, so as to give the proportions
in round numbers. We may divide it as
follows:
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28

during the summer months and could be
so conducted as to attach them more
firmly to farm life and farm work rather
than to lead them away from It. Sucn
a course would give us more educated
farmers and farmers wives and put more
fully into actual practice the true theory
of farmers schools.
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28

Author latter completing a new book
"There, that will make me more immortal
than eyer."-Fliegende Blatter.
The Advocate and news., 1898-12-28


1000 grains, so as to give the proportions
in round numbers. We may divide it as
follows:
Grains.
The white .............. .......... 800
Inc yolk ........ ................. SOO
The shell ................. ........ 100
Total ................ ...........l .l,OOO
So far we know that the egg contains
the white, the yolk and the shell? We
learn that the principal ingredients are
nitrogen, carbon and water, with certain
proportions of mineral matter Now keep
the following in view, as it will assist
you further on.
Nitrogen is four-fifths Of the air we
breathe, but in plants and other sub
stances it exists in the shape Of combl-
nations, in the form Of ammonia (when
decomposition sets in), but in the food
we call it albumen, flbrine gelatine, pro-
tein, etc., and we allude to all materials
containing nitrogen as nitrogenous ele-
ments. They are the elements that form
flesh, the white Of eggs, the gluten OF
wheat, the cheese Of milk, the legume Of
clover peas and beans-all under the
classification of albuminoids. Hence we
learn that when the cream is taken from
milk we remove only the carbon, and the
forming elements are left in the
SKINNED milk Although cream sells for
more than skinned milk, yet the real
value Of the milk, as food is much great
er than that Of cream, because nitrogen Is
more costly than carbon. It is the labor
Of securing the cream that makes it val
liable, as it is Of no value as food ex-
cept to produce warmth.
Carbon is fat, oil, starch, sugar, ETC.,
and we allude to materials rich in car
bon as caTbonaceous. Under this head
come all elements that produce fat or
warmth. The starch Of feeding stuffs are
known as carbohydrates, the "hydrate"
signifying water in a crystalline state
During digestion all starch matter is
more or less converted into sugar, and
from sugar into other forms, including
fat.
Fat exists as oil, but, as stated, during
digestion the carbohydrates (starch,
etc. are also converted into fat.
Mineral matter consists of lime, soda,
potash, magnesia, sulphur, ETC., and Is
found by reducing the food to ash, which
permits the nitrogen and carbon to fly
off in the gaseous state, though a portion
of the mineral matter is sometimes left
in the shape of carbonates, sulphates,
phosphates, etc.
The shell contains about fifty grains Of
salts of lime, or about twenty grains OK
pure uncombined lime Calcium oXide),
fha 'remainder beinP Dure carbOnic acid
water of crystallization, etc, but some
of the mineral matter in the white and
yolk is also lime, or the chick could not
be produced, for lack Of bone Bear
in mind the mineral matter contains
phosphate of lime, soda derived from
salt), sulphur, potash, magnesia, etc. You
must know what to put in the egg before
it is complete, and the next is how to
get the materials for that purpose
Poultry Keeper.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-05-31

The old obstacles that used to prevent
the marriage of loving couples are out Of
date The blood land thunder william is a
myth nowadays The cruel father is only
a tradition. Distance, absence and ship
wreck in these days of cheap, safe and
swift transportation do not count The
new obstacle is a common sense one. 1t
is ill-health on one side or the other and
sometimes on both.
Men nowadays hesitate to marry worn-
an. no matter how beautiful, nc matter how
attractive, or interesting, or witty, If she Is
a sufferer from ill-health. All men worth
having desire happy, healthy children
ANY woman who will, may fit herself for
the duties of wifehood and the exalted func-
ton of motherhood. DR.. Pierce's Favorite
Prescription banishes all hindrance in the
nature Of local ill-health. 1t gives health,
power and capacity to the delicate and i'm.
portaut organs concerned IN wifehood and
maternity It corrects all displacements,
allavs Inflammation, heals liberation, stops
exhausting drains and soothes pain. 1t
prepares for natural healthy motherhood
II makes maternity easy and safe and al
most painless. 1t insures a newcomer
constitutionally strong and able TO witn'
stand the usual ills of babyhood. 1t is the
greatest Of nerve tonics and restoratives
Medicine dealers sell it and an honest
dealer will not urge substitute upon you.
AFTER suffering untold tortures," writes Mrs.
I Ferguson Of Box 10 Douglas station selkN
Co, Manitoba, II thank God found rehei ana
cure in DR.. Pierce's Favorite Prescription
The profit side Of life is health. The bal.
ance is written in the rich, red pure blood OF
health DR.. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets cure
constioation and make the blood rich and
nure. They never gripe. By druggists.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-05-31
Schley Quoted as Saying He Had
Them and They Would Never
Get Home.
An Official Report Sent to the
Navy Department by the
Commodore,
In the Course of Which He Saws
He Has Seen the Enemy's
Ships.

Mole ST. NICHOLAS, May 3l.-The
following dispatch has been received
here from the correspondent of the
Associated Press with the American
heet Oft Santiago de Cuba
"Otf Santiago de Cuba, May 20
Commodore Schley and the flying
squadron has the Spanish fleet safe
In the harbor Of Santiago de Cuba.
BY the most clever maneuvering the
commodore allowed the Spaniards to
think he had left in disgust. They
took the bait and ran into the harbor.
Commodore Schley moved down this
morning. and at o'clock, going close
to the harbor, he saw the Christobal
Colon, the Maria Teresa and two tor.
pedo boats.
Commodore Schley has acted upon
his own information and judgment for
the past six days and believes the
whole Spanish feet is there.
"He sat on the after triangle of the
Brooklyn this morning until after the
discovery Of the fleet, and he then
went to breakfast. saying:
II have got them, and they will
never get home
The United States auxiliary cruiser
st. Paul has arrived here and was sent
TO the Mole St. Nicholas with dis.
patches. She captured coal ship,
which was sent to Key West by Cap.
tain Sigsbee, in charge of prize crew.
The coal was undoubtedly intended
for the Spanish fleet 1t is believed
there is not much coal at Santiago de
Cuba.
The officers and men of the flying
squadron are jubilant over the fact
that the location of the Spanish fleet
has finally been definitely established.
The temperature here is ITO in the
shade, and in the steel turrets the heat
is actually beyond the power Of imagi.
nation.
The American ships here are the
Brooklyn, Texas, Massachusetts, Iowa,
Marblehead and Vixen, an auxiliary
torpedo gunboat.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-05-31
INSURGENT VICTORY.
Eight Hundred (uhans Eout - Large
Force of >paniards.

LONDON. May 3i-A dispatch to
The Standard from Key West says:
Intelligence has been received here
from Cuba that portion oi the army
of General Gomez. consisting OF ooo
cavalry and 500 infantry, on saturday
at daylight attacked and captured ana
held for two hours the town OF Rem
edios, in the province of Santa Clara
The Cubans were under the com
mand Of Corillo. and the object OF the
attack was to capture supply OF pro-
visions sent three days before Tor th'
Spanish troops. who numbered 3'ooo
men. The place was looted OF every.
thing edible, which was sent to 'eheral
Gomez. as we'll rs 3o4 Mauser rifles ana
20 600 rounds OF ammunition.
TN. loss of the Cubans was iou'
billed and three wounded. The span
;,rds lost 81 killed and 63 wounded
Two hours after the town was taken
tho Spanish troops, who had been re,
;rforced, returned and recap'urco
R.medlos. Five Cubans were hiiieo u
,,,upded in the second engagement
m. c,,p;sh loss is unknown
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-05-31
ALL DOUBT REMOVED.
schley Notifies the Navy Department Th'
Cervera Ia at Santiago.

schley Notifies the Navy Department That
Cervera Ia at Santiago.
WASHINGTON, May Sat 1880
o'clock the navy department received
dispatch from Commodore Schley an.
nouncing definitely that he had located
Admiral Cerveras Cape Verde squad.
ron in the bay of Santiago de Cuba
The commodore states that he has seen
and recognized the vessels of the Span.
ish feet.
While the naval officials have been
morally certain for several days that
Cervera's S squadron was in the harbor
Of Santiago the official announcement
from Commodore Schley was received
by the officers on duty at the depart.
ment with intense satisfaction. Assur.
ance is now doubly sure that the
spanish Fleet IL bottled Up.
and that the cork is in the bottle. 1t
ia not believed that Admiral Cervera
will attempt to escape from the pre-.
dicament in which he now finds him.
self. as such a course would surely re-
snlt in the destruction of his vessels
and the loss Of many lives precious to
Spain. The suggestion is made. how.
ever, that the Spaniards may blow up
their ships rather than have them fall
into the hands Of Schley. as they GER
tainlv will if they remain III the har-
Dor.
Tho definiteness of Commodore
Schley's dispatch would indicate that
he has effected landing near Santi'
apo and made personal inv estigation
of the harbor. 1t would be impossible
from the entrance to the bay to def.
nitelv SEQ and recognize the Spanish
| vessels but by effecting landing at
some point on
Either Side Of the Entrance
a vantage point could be gained very
Ikelv from which the entire harbor
could he examined. In all probability
| Commodore Schley or one OF his trusted
! of,;cers has successfully perfor med this
undertaking in order to obtain the val
uohle information contained in his dis
patch. 49,. ~
vera is practically helpless Will have
mon the plans Of the administration
With reference to the invasion OF Cuba
can only be conjectured. The trans
rortation of land forces to the island,
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-05-31
QUOTAS ALL FULL.
Some States Apparently Behind, But
IL Not Their Fault.

Some States Apparently Behind, But 1t
IL Not Their Fault.
WASHINGTON. May 3l.-Adjutant
General Corbin says that l2l, 500 troops
had been mustered into the volunteer
army under call for $4,000 men and
that the remainder $500 men were in
state camps ready for the visit of the
mastering officers. He said that all
the states and territories had filled
their quota so far as the recruiting
of troops is concerned, and that while
three states were apparently behind, it
was not their fault, but was due to the
inability Of the mastering officers to
complete their work. The apparent
shortage is divided among the states Of
Iowa, Mississippi and North Carolina.
The troops in these states are in camp,
however, awaiting the action of the
government officers and will be mus.
tered into the volunteer army in a day
or two.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-05-31
columbia In Coil sion with a Rritis,
tr~ighter on Fire Island Iiph,

treighter ON Fire Island Light.
NEW YORK, May 3l.-The United
States cruiser Columbia. in command
OF Captain Sands, anchored off Tomp.
kinsvile, 5. l., in the afternoon 1t
was seen that she had a large jagged
hole steve IL her starboard side abreast
OF the raainmast and Immediately for.
ward OF the rear barbettc. Above the
water line the hole extended ten feet
high and six feet wide. Just how far
below the water line the cruiser was
damaged could not be ascertained and
none Of the naval officers would give
any information in regard to the acci.
dent. AS soon as the vessel came to
anchor the captain and crew, 81 in al,
Of the British steamer Foscolia, which
left the port Saturday with a load Of
machinery and general merchan disc
for Bordoau. went ashore Nelthe,
the captain or any OF his crew
Would Talk When They Landed.
0ul ItIl II once l0r New OK 10 re-
port TO the agents of the company tc
which the vessel belonged. No one
was allowed to so on board the Colum.
bia. but TO a reporter OF the Associated
Press, who rowed out TO the cruiser
the officer Of the deck made the follow.
ing brief statement:
About c:lO D. III. the British steam.
ship Foscolia, in command OF Captain
John Evans, colllded with our vessel
during dense fog. We were then
about eight miles southwest Of Fire
Island light. We lowered two life.
boats, and rescued the captain and
crew. numbering 2l all told. We stood
by until the Fo>colia sank at 3 O'Clock
next morning. As soon as we arrived
here we sent the rescued men ashore.
Further information III reference &c
the accident cannot give you.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1898-05-31
EARLY ATTACK LIKELY.

Insurgents at Cavite Being Organized
and Drilled.
LONDON, May 3l.-The Hong Kong
correspondent Of The Daily Telegraph
says:
Dispatches received from Manila
during the Cay say that the insurgents,
who are now massed at Cavite, are be.
ing organized and drilled in anticipa.
tion of an early land and sea attack
upon Manila. The Americans believe
the insurgents will lend very substan.
tial assistance when the great fight
comes off.
The FIRST contingent Of United States
troops is expected on June IA. United
States Consul Williams does not dis
cuss the matter, but he is here and it is
understood that his mission is to secure
supplies for the squadron and to con.
fer by telegraph with the Washington
ooyornmpn.