davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
PRISONERS OF WAR,
Treatment of Captives Under Mar
tial Law.
Civilized Nations Have Respected tn e
Rights of ERemies Taken I'm
Battle - Some Legal
Phases,

One of the least pleasant incidents for
the individual during war with Spain
would be TO be taken prisoner. Still, as
Spain makes claim to civilization, it
wound not be so bad as though she were
Pm absolutely savage or even a barbar-
Gus country. The usages of civilized ma
lions regarding captives conform in a
general way 10 these principles and
rules.
All members of an enemy nation are
enemies, though all are not treated
alike. The general rule obtains that
mo use of force against an enemy is
lawful unless it is necessary to accom-
p,ish the purposes of war;" and the
practical application of it, refined
through centuries, has led to exempting
many classes from capture.
According to Wheaton, the custom of
nations exernpts from capture the per-
sons of the sovereign and his family,
officers of the civil government, women
and children, farmers. mechanics, arti
sans, laborers, men Of science and let
tiers, and. generally all those engaged in
ordinary civil pursuits, unless actually
taken in arms.
Count Bismarck even maintained in
1870 that the crews of merchant vessels
could not be made prisoners, AS early
as 1896 NJ. Madison contended that
French decree that "every foreigner
found on board the vessels of war or
commerce OF the enemy is to be treated
rs n prisoner of war" was in contrayen-
ton of the law of nations.
The Geneva or Red Cross convention,
to which the United States acceeded,
but TO which Spain has not, we believe,
given her assent, exempted hospital and
ambulance attendants and chaplains at
taehed to hospitals and ambulances
from capture as prisoners.
BY early custom, soldiers, when taken
In war, were killed. They may be killed
to-day In case of absolute necessity;
for example, if prisoners impede the
movements Of an army necessary 10 its
preservation. Later, captives were
made slaves. After that the custom of
holding them for ransom came into
vogue. During the seventeenth CEN
tury exchanges of prisoners became fire.
quent, but exchanging prisoners Is not
obligatory if the captors prefer to hold
for ransom or to leave their own COM
rades in the enemy's bands.
Prisoners are frequently allowed to
return to their own country on promise
not to engage again in hostilities
against the captors.
Perhaps the wcrld will some day ac-
knowledge the nobility of the spy, but
il is doubtful if contending forces will
ever cease TO hang or shoot him when
lie is taken and convicted. Spying lacks
The moral element of crime, but 1t is
just as sternly necessary that people be
deferred by the great risk of death
from engaging in it. During the Fran
co-Pruss;Rn war il was contended that
persons who went up in balloons to re-
connoiter the enemy's position and
forces were so dangerous to him that
they ought TO be treated as spies. The
point seems to be unsettled.
Other classes of captives not entitled
10 the rights Of prisoners of war are
guerrilla bands unattached, and desert
crs taken among the enemy's troops
Chicago Journal.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
COULD NOT BE RETURNED
Little Tommy Thought the Article in
Question Had Reen Used
Too Long.

This is of the yarns of chi1dh ood :
Six-year-o1d Tommie was sent by his
eldest sister to the corner grocery to
allies on his way to the store, and by the
time he arrived there he had forgotten
what kind of sugar he was sent for. So
be took home pound Of the granulated
article. His eldest sister sent him back
to the store to get lump sugar. After
the proprietor of the grocery shop had
made the change fer the little lad he en-
gagged Tommie in conversation.
."Tommie," said he, II understand
there is new member of your family" :"
"Yes. SIR" replied the kid; 1--WE got
a little brother"
"Well, how do you like that, hey pin
quired the groceryman.
Don't like it at ALL" said Tommie;
"rather have little sister,"
"Then, why don't you change him,
Tommie?"
"Well. we would If we could: but
don't suppose we can. You see, we have
used him four days now!"
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
spain's Treatment of Columbus.

Some of the Spanish papers in the
controversies of the past few weeks
have accused Americans of ingratitude
toward the land which sent Christopher
Columbus on his voyage of discovery.
While Spain, or rather Queen Isabella,
is entitled to the credit Of that great
navigator's achievement, the former has
no special reason for pride in recalling
her treatment of him. Columbus was
not a Spaniard, and it was only after
years of weary waiting that he secured
the authority and aid 10 make his first
voyage. After the first excitement of
his discovery wore off Columbus expe-
rienced all the iicklensss, ingratitude
and treachery Of the Spanish charac-
ter. From one of his voyages he was
sent hom in irons. After Queen Isa-
bella's death the king. Ferdinand, who
never was friendly to the one man who
had made his reign famous, treated
him with shameful neglect, and Colum-
bus, who had added new world to the
possessions of Spain, died in poverty
and disgrace. It was characteristic of
his adopted people and of the migrate
king that a PomPous funeral was
corded to the remains of the man WI 0,
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
He Won Nearly 5000. 900.

The latest coup at Monte Carlo was,
it appears, made by an Englishman,
not, it is said, wholly unknown on the
London stock exchange. The other day
he went from one table to the other,
placing the maximum on the same num-
Der, and, strange to relate, at each table
this number came up. The lucky player
then went to the trente-et-quarante
room and put the maximum on three
of the tables there, and at each he Sc
lected the right color One of the head
croup piers said it was the worst Gay tn e
Monte Carlo rooms had known for some
" usss DoTDC
time. and, moreover, stated that b e be
lieved the EngIishman had won n sum
OF money amounting to nearly 100000.
st. James Gazette.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
Monitors of ,61.

Curious pan-cakey-looking vessels
were the ironclads that bombarded
Charleston in the late unpleasantness.
That bombardment was regarded as
something unspeakably dreadful in its
day. The monitors that performed it
are now being put in shape at League
island, near Philadelphia, to assist the
new monitors in making Spain's feet
disappear. There are six big turreted
monitors in the American navy, any
one of which naval experts declare able
to give terrific battle to any two of
SPANS warships. Many naval officers
have more faith in these than in any
other defense that the United States
has,
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
MOSQUITOES KILL BEAR.
Upon the Yukon These insects Force
Deer to F7se 10 fhe szoV
Lt=e fer safety.

Not only do the Yukon mosquitoes
attack men and oYerwhelm them, but
they drive the moose, deer and caribou
up the mountains to the snow line,
where these animals would prefer not
10 be in berry time. They kill dogs,
and even the big brown bear that is
often miscalled ii grizzly has succumbed
10 them, says the Denver Times. Bears
come down to the river from the hill
side in the early fall to get some OF the
salmon that are often thrown upon the
banks when the run" is heavy.
If Bruin runs foul of swarm of mos
quitoes and has not his wits about him
his day has come. The insects will
alight all over him. His fur protects his
body, but his eyes, ears and nose will
soon be swollen up and bleeding, and
unless he gets into a river or a strong
wind he will be driven mad and blind,
TO wander about hopelessly until he
starves to death.
Although the Alaska summer is short,
two broods OF mosquitoes hatch out
each year and are ready for business
from one to ten seconds after they leave
the water. 1t rains a good deal along
the Yukon, and rain is welcomed, for
it drives the mosquitoes to cover. They
hide under leaves and branches until
the shower is over; then they come out
boiling with rage at the time they have
been forced to spend in idleness, and
the miner has a harder time than ever
after his respite.
Mosquitoes and snowfakes are not
contemporaries in the states, but in
Alaska it is different. Snow does not
bother them so much as rain, and an
early snow may fall while they are still
on the wing. Fog does not choke them,
either. They appear to like it. They
float about in it as in ambush, and take
the unwary prospector by surprise.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
TERRITORY OF APIZoHA, ss
County Of MAYA 10. ep

TERRITORY OF APIzoSA, ga
County Of Navajo,
I, ]. H. Frisby, County Recorder In and for
the County of Navajo, Territory of Arizona,
and custodian of the records thereof, do
hereby certify that the foregoing and hereto
attached Articles of incorporation OF the
WinsIoSv Electric Lish and Ice Manufactur-
ing Company is a full, true and correct copy
Io.bI 40 bssDJ o. - .s-. bs..4s .sb
of Articles of 1ncorporafion OF said COM
Iany now on in my office that said Art1-
cles Of Incorporation we're filed for record
in my Office on the eth day of January A. D.
1898 at 2 30 O'Clock p. M, and are duly enter
ed of record in Volume No. OF Articles OF
INCORPORATION. on pages Nos. 26, q, 28 records
of said Navajo county.
~ In witness whereof, have here
unto set my hand and seal Of office
J. H. FRIsBY,
~ County Recorder.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04

For Snake Rites.

DR.. Frazer, of London. and others,
have shown that the bile of snakes con-
tains vaccine against their venom, and
Nj. Phisalix, of Paris, has recently made
experiments which prove the virtue of
the bile to belong to cholesterine and
other hillary salts. When cholesterine
is injected into guinea pigs the venom
loses its power over them.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
N,y,e. os the xyor,d

The Army and Navy Year Book rates
the navies of the world as fcllowst l.,
Great Britain; ?, France; 3, Russia, A.
Italy; 5, United States; G. Germany; z.
Spain; 8, Japan; 8, Austria, and 10,
Netherlands. Under present naval con-
tracts Japan in 1899 will go to the fifth
place, crowding down the United States
and Germany one point.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
ninoinH for Eiah

The natives of Kottiar are in the habit
cf digging every year in the summer
dry banks of the Vergel river for fish,
which they dig out by hundreds. just as
they would potatoes. The mud Jumps
are broken open and the fish, perhaps
eight or ten inches long, will always be
found alive and often frisky, as if just
removed from its supposedly native ele-
ment-the water.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
At CORONATION.

The young queen of the Netherlands
is said to be unwilling to receive pres
ents at her coronation. Amsterdam
will rejoice in no less than four ex-
hibitions--one of relics directly con-
nected with the house of Orange; an
other for the works of Rembrandt; a
third of women's work, and fourth of
costumes from the earliest times.-St.
Louis Renuhlic.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04

in Penury and neglect. The dust OF
Christopher Columbus now rcposcs in
the Cathedral of Havana. ShouId Spain
be driven from Cuba it is to be hoped
that in abandoning the last of her Amer
lean possessions she will leave on the
soil of the new world discovered by him
the remains of the great explorer of
whose achievements and glory she
proved herself unworthy. - Mexican
Two Republics.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
TERRITORY OF ARIZONA,
CoIrnty of Navajo. 30

TERRITORY OF ARIZONA, !
County of Navajo. ! %
Before me, F. w. Nelson, Notary Public
in and for the County and Territory afore-
said, personally appeared Frank Hart, j. X.
Woods W. r. Campbell, U. q. Rand, A. T.
Cornish and F. C. Demarest known to me to
be the perrons whoss names are subscribed
to the foregoing instrument and duly ac-
knowledged to me that they executed the
same for ths purpose and consideration
therein expressed.
~ Given under my hand and seal of
Office this 7th day of January A. d,
seal 1893. w. NELSON.
~ Notary Public,
My commission expires December 6, 1898.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
Scissors and corsets nn Escutcheon

One day in 1870 a beautiful carriage
appeared on the boulevards of Paris
with an escutcheon in the shape Of a
pair of corsets and an open pair Of
scissors painted on the panel of each
door. This was the coat of arms of
Rhombcrg, the first man who made a
name as a woman's dreSmaker, Rhom-
berg, who was the son of a Bavarian
peasant from the neighborhood of
Munich, owed his rapid success to his
genius for concealing and remedying
defects of figure. He left an annual in
come Of $4,000 francs to his heirs,
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
Wnnts 10 SEN Herself in slaxery.

A Danville (Ky.) woman has adver-
tised her desire to sell herself into slav-
cry for life for money enough to pur-
chase a comfortable home for her chill
dren. adding: "Will serve faithfully,
and endeavor to make myself invalu-
able, always striving to please"
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
BQan Fever

Bean fever has been added to the list
of epidemics like hay fever and rose
fever by a German doctor, who has
ehristened his discovery "favismus. !"
His cure for the disease is to keep away
from bean fields.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
How They Wed I'm Spafu.

Marriage in Spain takes place by day
or at night. according to the fortune of
the young people or their station in life.
If we'll TO 10 the ceremony comes off in
the early part of the morning.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
Test Of AHectiop

A man must be awfully in love who
sincerely thinks woman pretty when
she is having her hair washed.
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04
TDIIE IlIlgg Rla EGGD InIDS1 ONT H.

his adopted People and OF the migrate e
king that a P0DPous funeral
corded to the renaIrs of the nan w 4 o,
The Winslow mail., 1898-06-04

This is of the yarns of chi1dh Ood=
Six-year-o1d Toumie was sent by his
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-05
He BOUGHT A LAWSUIT.
W. F. Guthrie Argues His Own Case
in the Supreme Court.

w. F. Guthrie. the Atchison lawyer,
argued a case in his own behalf before
the supreme court yesterday The case
was originally a family row, and Mr.
Guthrie got into it by buying a claim.
In 1898 Mrs. Lavina Keith died in
Nemaha county leaving husband and
two sons, Lamar Keith and FOrdyce
Keith Jr. A short time before her
death she had inherited from her faith
er in Ohio $1,000 in money, and in her
will she bequeathed the entire amount
to her two sons. This was more than
the senior Keith could stand, and he at
once brought suit to recover half of the
amount, on the ground that under the
Kansas law a husband is entitled to
half of his wife's estate.
It appears that the greatest need the
senior Keith had at the time was mon
ey, and while the suit was pending he
sold his claim to Mr.. Guthrie for 80, 100,
the attorney considering the deal
good investment. In the meantime La
judgment for 81, 500 which had been rem
fore, and after securing it offered to re-
his suit. The senior member of the
Keith family then informed his son
that he had no further interest in the
suit and that Mr.. Guthrie was the man
to see.
When the suit came to trial it was
decided in Mr. Guthrie's favor but
young Keith at once appealed it to the
supreme court. Attorney Guthrie is
$1,000 out so far, and if the supreme
court reverSeS the decision of the low
er court will remain out
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-05
UNDER THE DOME
News of the Kansas State De-
partmentSo
Supreme Court Grants Mr..
BOyle's Petition
IN TEXT BOOK CASES.
The Hearing is Set For Febru-
airy "A.
Long Buried Topeka Starch
Company is Unearthed.
IN TEXT BOOK CASES.

The alternative writs of mandamus'
applied for in the supreme court by At
torney General Boyle to compel the
boards of education of Topeka and
Manhattan to cancel their contracts
with text books companies and put IN
the entire series of state text DOCKS IN
the graded schools, has been allowed
The hearing is set for February "a
This commences the fight OF the at
torney general for the thorough en-
forcement of the new text book law. II
it is held that the Topeka and Manhat-
tan boards have no right 70 enter INTO
contracts for text books, it Will decide
the question for every town IN the
state. Some technical differences be
tween the contracts held by the Topeka
board and those held by the Manhattan
board are responsible for both boards
being proceeded against. The proceed
ings against the Manhattan board are
brought under the name of Scott, Fores-
man & Co, one of the principal nrmS
now furnishing state text books.
Tahe state books not now in use in the
graded schools in Topeka are the fol-
lowing:
Students speller, Students first read
er, Students second reader, Students
third reader, New Model elementary
arithmetic, New Model advanced arith-
metic, Model school history, Wright's
civil government. TtllOtsOn's elemental
~ grammar, SeymOur's mental arith-
metic and Hotze's physics.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-05
OPTION DEAL IN COURT.
$4,000 Damage Suit Against Com
mission Firm Appealed to the
Supreme Court.

John A. Edwards and NJ. L. Erickson.
two well known Greenwood county
stock men, have appealed the case
brought in the Wyandotte county dis
trict court last fall against the Kansas
Livestock Commission company to the
supreme court. The case involves
cattle deal, and the amount asked by
the two stock men is $4,000.
Last July, Edwards and Erickson con-
tracted with the Kansas City Livestock
Commission company for a certain
number of cattle amounting at the pri-
ces then being paid for cattle to 81, OOO
by the terms of the contract the cattle
were to be delivered to the Greenwood
county men on September 20 last. By
that date, however, the prices on cattle
had increased about one-third, and the
commission company refused to turn
over the cattle at the contract price
Erickson and Edwards brought suit in
the WyandQtte county court to recover
$4,000 for breach of contract.
Last December the commission com
pany filed demurrer stating that there
was no ground for action as the catUIe
were contracted for on option The de-
murrer was sustained by the district
court, and an appeal is now taken to the
supreme court
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-05
STARCH COMPANY FOUND.
Long Supposed to Be Dead But Secre-
tary Bush Smokes It Out.

For several years the people of To-
peka have regarded the Topeka Starch
company as one of the dead enterprises
of that prosperous time known as the
boom" Indeed, a trip past the fac
tory building, east of the Santa Fe
shops, would leave little doubt in the
minds of anyone that the company was
no longer in existence. But this, never
theless, is not SO. The company is still
existing, a corporation within a corpor-
alton.
Like many small companies started
up in different portions of the United
States, the Topeka Starch company was
swallowed by the National Starch COM
pany, but it appears that the swallow
ing act did not put an end to its cor
porate existence. Several days ago
blank for corporation report was sent
out by Secretary of State Bush, ad-
dressed to the company, and today it
was returned with a letter from Capt
c. S. Titus, who signed himself Gus
todian."
Capt. Titus stated that the corpora
ton was still alive within the National
Starch company, but as it had not re-
ceipts or disbursements, it could not re-
port as a corporation.
Secretary OF State Bush thinks differ
emily, however, and will demand a re-
port from the company. He says that
if still in existence, it has assets and
liabilities, if not receipts and disburse-
nents.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-05
SITUATIONS wANTED-FREE.

Are you in need of work? If so, you
are at liberty to use these columns for
assistance in that direction. While this
notice appears the State Journal will
publish free on Saturday, Monday and
Tuesday, for Topeka or Kansas people,
all notices of "Situations Wanted" not to
exceed five lines, or thirty-five words, in
length, provided that all advertisements
of that nature are handed in previous to
10 O'Clock Saturday morning; also on
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday all adj
vertising of this class handed in by 10
o'clock Wednesday morning.
No advertisements of this nature to be
started except on Saturdays and Wednes>
days. No obligation is incurred on the
part of the advertiser. No worthy and
needy man or woman need hesitate to
take advantage of this offer. No one in
business or having employment is ex>
pected to take advantage of it. but all
others are invited to avail themselves
freely.
The Topeka State Journal guarantees
every day it is printed to give a local
circulation by far more than all other
Dailies combined. This makes this pa
per the cheapest, as well as the best,
daily medium in Topeka, the classified adj
vertisements. below costing but
Five Cents a Line,
or 20 cents line for week;5O cents by
the month.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-05
AFRAID OF THE LIGHT.
Insurance Companies Ask That the
Amount of Salaries Paid Be
Kept Secret.

State Insurance Commissioner Nc
Nall is today busy sending back annual
reports to eastern insurance companies
that failed to comply with the provision
of the report requiring the statement
of salaries paid the officials In 60 per
cent of the cases the companies ignored
the requirement altogether, and Com
missioner McNal intends to make them
toe the mark In a few cases he re-
ceiVed letters from the heads of the
companies asking him not to allow the
schedule of salaries to be made public
Commissioner McNall says that while
he viii not invite publicity, the records
OF the office will be open at any time
to the public Some of the companies
pay the officials enormous salaries. One
OF the president who wrote Commits
sioner McNan asking that the schedule
OF salaries be not made public, is re-
celNlhg $4,000 per year and percentages
amounting to IS. 600 more
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-05
esTO HEAVEN AND HE'LL"
Curious Picture Found in a Denver
Gambling House Raid.

Curious Picture Found in a Denver
Gambling House Raid.
Denver, Feb. 5.-Twenty-seven men and
two gambling outfits were captured in
raids last night by the police at Jimmy
Scott's place in the Burke block.
In Scott's place a picture, copyrighted
in 1896. was found. It represents .Eter-
nifty or the Roads to Heaven and He'll
1t is a picture which might be expected
to be found in any place but a gambling
den. 1t contains more truth than art,
and is calculated for use in Sunday
schools rather than in places Of vice.
However, some conscientious gambler
wished to put before his patrons the truth
and remind them that they were not in
the straight and narrow path.
At the top of the picture is the golden
city, to which the narrow, rugged path
leads. All along the way are people
struggling. but the light is ahead, One
young girl has almost reached the top,
when fashily dressed youth entices her
over the wall into the darkness. There
are the good Samaritans, charitable wO-
men, etc. On the other side is the broad,
slippery, downward course, thronged with
people. They are gambling, drinking.
having wine suppers, fighting, robbing and
numbering each other. Finally the end
comes with quick shoot down into the
fire below, where young girls are crying
to their mothers above in despair. Dane
ing and theaters are conspicuous in the
representations, and the devils Turk about
close to all.
The picture is interesting, even to po-
licemen, and was studied by everyone at
headquarters this morning with interest.