Morris tribune., 1898-12-31
MIXTURES OF INDIA.
GIANT BIRDS WHICH ARE NUMEROUS
AND USEFUL.

when the King vuIture Comes 10 a
Carcass, the other Varieties Have
to stand OF Until His Majesty Has
GOrged Himself.
If the city of Bombay had a tutelary
bird, there is no manner of doubt what
bird that should be- / do not know,
says writer in The Times of India,
why the ancient Egyptian defed the
ibis, but if Bombay bore the proud fig
IRE of vulture rampant on her shield
everybody would know why, OF all the
unsalaried public servants who have
identified themselves with this city and
devoted their energies to its welfare no
other can take place beside the vul-
ture Unfortunately the vulture has
never lent itself to the spirit of her
aldry. The eagle has, strangely enough,
though the difference between the two
has never been very we'll marked in the
popular mind. The translators of our
Bible had no notion of it.
Modern natural history has Olsen
tangled the two names and assigned
them to two very different families of
birds, the distinction between which in
its essence is just this-that while the
eagle kills it's prey the less impatient
vulture waits decently till it's time
comes to die. Popular sentiment persists
in regarding the former as the more
noble, but there can be no question
which is the more useful.
1t is not easy indeed to realize to one
self the extent and benefoence of the
work carried on throughout the length
and breadth of India from years end to
years end by the mighty race of vul-
lures. The writer continues: The vul-
lures that one sees in such numbers on
Malabar hill belong to two species,
which are easy enough to distinguish
when once ones attention has been
turned to the difference between them.
The commoner of the two, the white
backed or Bengal vulture (Gyps benga-
lensis) is smoky black bird, with a
band of white extending the whole
length Of the wings on the underside.
This band is broken by the dark body,
and that serves to distinguish the bird
at glance.
The other species is the long billed
vulture (Gyps pallescens) of Barnes
Jerdon confounded it with another spe-
cies. Its general color is brown, darker
or lighter according to age, sometimes
almost Witty brown; but, however
white the underparts may be, body and
wings are alike. The two species are
about the same size and larger than one
would suspect who has only seen them
at a distance. A good specimen will
measure over seven feet from tip to tip
Of the wings.
There is one curious difference in
their habits The long billed vulture
breeds always on high cliffs while is
Bengal brother is content to build it's
nest on any tree big enough to bear the
weight, of such a ponderous edifc6. l
have seen q single mango tree groaning
under the weight of two or three nests
on the other side of the harbor. Each
nest contains one egg, generally white,
but sometimes bl0tched with brown.
Once fairly III the air, no bird surpasses
the majesty Of it's fight The question
has often been holly discussed whether
birds can sail witLJut Tapping their
wings
The difficulty originated, of course,
with somebody of that unfortunate class
who must reason about a question of
fact instead Of looking. He demonstrate
ed that such feat was impossible The
vultures kept on doing it all the same,
and any one may watch them. For
hours together they will sail in circles,
or rather IN spirals, without the slightt
est motion Of their wings beyond trim
ming them to the wind like the sails of
a boat. OF course there must be wind.
There are two other kinds of vuItures
which may occasionally be seen in Bonn
bay One is the king vuIture (Otogyps
calvus1. royal bird, not indeed larger
than the others, but of nobler aspect and
prouder character. 1t appears singly or
with its mate and will not cnnsort with
the herd. When it COM IL a carcass,
the others have to stand by until it has
dined. There is no difficulty in recog-
nizing this species by its deep black col
or relieved only by two pure white
patches on its thighs and by the blood
red tint Of its bare head and neck. Our
fourth vulture is the foul bird known as
Pharaoh's chicken, as well as by other
less reputable names. It's title in scence
is Neophron ginginianus.
It is one of the co,nmonest birds
about Po0nah ana everywhere on the
plains of the Daccan, Int seldom visits
the coast have, however, seen a pair
on more than one occasion about the
fats. 1t is white bird, not much big
ger than a kite, with only the quill
feathers of the wing black It's bill is
long and thin, it's naked face yellow and
its tail wedge shaped It's neck is not
bare, but clothed with long, rusty white
feathers, pointing backward. It does
not stand upright, like the true vultures,
but carries its body like duck and
walks like a recruit. By these signs
you may know Pharaoh's chicken. It
makes its shabby nest of sticks, rags and
rubbish on trees, Lodges of public build
ings or anywhere about March and lays
two white eggs more or less blotched