davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08
BrookaeId.

Mrs. c. e. Blake is having visit from
her sister, Mrs. Hoyt. Of TuDbridge.
The annual meeting of the Pomons
grange met with Brookdtld grange Dec. 3
Circular. conference met ting will be held
at the First church next week Tuesday
the 18th.
Fred Hayes is moving his family from
New Hampshire into the Waldo house al
the Center.
Mrs. Sarah Freeman is spending some
weeks with relatives in the northern part
OF the state.
Singing Master Goodrich has large
class in his school meeting In Grange
hall Monday evenings.
Thursday evening OF last week the or
der OF Eastern Star was inspected by Mrs.
Durham OF Barre city.
Mrs. L. K. Gaylord was at Randolph
Center with her daug hter's, MRS. Aliens,
family several days last week.
Rev. r. II. Abercrombie was recently
called to West New bury TO officlate AZ the
funeral OF one OF his former parisbioners.
DIR. Ellis wife and Mrs. Waiter Howard
were thrown from their wagon wnile out
riding Saturday. They we're quite seri
ously injured but no bones were broken.
The Good Templars will commence their
competitive work Saturday evening. Ed
ward Stone and Lulu Sargent are chosen
captains, Leet Blodgett and Mrs. N. f..
DLrkee, judges. All members are es-
pecially requested to be present.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08


Miss Ethelynd Gould from Randolph
was In town Tuesday.
Mrs. Charles Lyman visited her son, A,
r. Lyman, in west Lebanon, N. d., last
week.
Royaton spent Sunday with Mrs. Ellen
Christmas will be observed with appro-
pirate exercises by the Sunday school
children.
Frank Thurston is steadily improving,
and is now able to sit up considerable
part OF the time.
Mrs. William Xix gave a dinner party
Saturday in honor OF the birthday OF her
grandsons, Richmond and William
Skinner.
The following letters are unclaimed at
the Royaiton postoffice: Mr.. "a. e. Cum
miDgs. Mr.. H.. Howard. Mr.. g. r. Libby
and Mrs. Ethel Smith.
Mrs. Dora Kendall and Miss Beatrice
Kendall were called to Portland, Me-,
Monday by the death OF Mrs. Kendall's
sister, Mrs. Edgar Payson.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. Fl. Laird from White
River Junction and Mrs. Mary Merritt
from North Montpelier were guests at Lo-
Gust Lodge Tuesday. the latter remaining
a few days.
Royalton Academy closed Dec. Sd for a
two weeks vacation. Those in the
Academy who have not been absent dur
ing the term are Grace Adams and Zoie
Abbott. Those in the Grammar school
are Ethel Adams, Hattie Richards, Eva
Rumrill, Jessie Russell, Mabel Wilson,
Maud Joy, Homer Russell, Byron Dow
and George Spaulding. Those in the
Academy who had a general average for
the term OF 80 or more were Grace Adams,
rs; David Stearns, 80; Zoie Abbott. 81.
Those In the Grammar school were Ethel
Adams, o.; Della Preston, So; Jennie
Rogers, 95; Blanche Beedle, "a, and Hat
tie Pecor, %.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

STATE OF VERMONT In Probate Court, held
District OF Randolph, at Raa solph. in and Tor
slid District on the 20fh day of Nov. A. ID. 1893,
K. 4. Harvey. administrator a the estate OF Ellie
abeth Ladd, late of orange, In SAID District, oe-
ceased makes application to said Court. for license
10 sell all Of the real estate Of said deceased situa
ted In the State OF Illinois, be ng to wit: Lo No
3 in Block No. 10 in William II. Sewers addition
TO the TOW OF Chenoa in County Of Mclean and
State OF Illinois, representing that the sale viii be
necessary for payment OF debts and administration
expenses of said deceased. Whereupon, IL Is or
dered by said Court that said application be re-
ferred TO q session thereof, to be held al the Pro
bate Office in said Randolph the 10th uay OF De-
cember A. ID 1885, for hearing and decision there
on and It Is further ordered that all persons inter-
ested be notified hereof. by publication OF notice OF
excessively in the Herald and News. q newspaper
published At RANDOLPH, ia this state, aud which
circu aes in the neighborhood Of those interested
before said time of hearing, that they may appear
at said time and place. and il they see cause, OBJ
iect thereto
BY the Court
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

Cora LeavItt teaches in silas Howard's
district.
Mrs. cbas. Snow reached her Goth birth
day Friday.
Remember the sociable this week Fri
day evening.
Floyd Snow and wife visited at 8. NJ
Shows Sunday.
= II. Alien and family were at his ia
theirs over Sunday.
Will Whitcomb and wife visited in
Hanover Saturday and Sunday.
Roy Allen was taken violently i'll one
day last week but rs better now.
Fred Graves house caught fire from a
chimney burning out but timely aid
quenched II before much damage was
done.
bout 20 from here went to Barnard
Friday evening to attend the "Coiored
Four Hundred" and had an enjoyable
time.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

Mrs. c. b. Guptil is seriously i'll.
r. A. Durham is petit juror atithis term
OF court In Middlebury.
W.. r.. .yinton of Boston called on
friends in town Monday.
Sam. Tart is holding meetings in differ
ent towns on the west side.
Frank Wilson OF Massena, N. Y, is Wis
iting friends In town this week.
A. e. Benedict and j. g. Hodges OF Rip
ton were IN town day last week.
The Ladies' Aid society OF Granville will
hold sstape linen social at the church
next Friday evening, Dec. 8. Oysters
will be served from till 10.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

Carl spauiaing has moved into George
Nichols house.
Mrs.G. A. Chedel and daughter were in
Bethel Saturday.
Christmas will be observed this year
witt. appropriate exercises. sa,1
(. Mr.. and Mrs. Phineas Ameron celehra-
ted their twenty nth anniversary Tues
day, Dec. 9.
A peculiar freak OF nature was found on
a pig belonging to Mrs. Pliny Parker, II
being an extra dew claw above the other
two on the fore foot. The other was per-
fectly natural.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08
Card.

We, the undersigned, do hereby agree 60
refund the money on a 60 cent bottle OF
Greene's Warranted Syrup OF Tar II 1t fails
to cure your cough or cold. We also guar
antee a rs cent bottle to prove satisfactory
or money refunded.
d. o. Goodno, Rochester.
+. ". Hassam, Gaysville.
e. !. Clafiin, East Braintree.
]. w. Fargo, Randolph Center.
Blodgett Bros, Prooktield.
II. q. Hubbard, Granville.
r. G. Bachelor, West Braintree-
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08
Northumberland.

James Cram was in Brookfield last week.
Miss Myra Seaver is to teach in YER
shire.
Bert Perham OF Brookfield was in town
last week.
Dea. Wilcox OF Brookfield was in town
last week.
School did not commence in Dist. No. 1
last Monday.
Ed Poor and wife visited in Berlin
Thanksgiving day,
Mrs. Grin Kimball and son, Charlie, OF
West Berlin visited at J. 81. stones last
week.
Bailey Poor and family spent Thanks
giving day with Hiram SmaIley in North
field.
George Goodrich went to Brookfield last
week Monday, where he started singing
school.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08
Your Danger Now

Is from the overworked condition OF tne
liver and Kidneys which are h Tna6ie n This
esnses rhaumatism. Hoods Sarsapariiia
has been wonderfully successful in curing
this disease n neutralizes the acid in the
blood and permanently cures the aches .s
and nains which other medicines fail TO
relieve Hoods Sarsaparilla is the best
winter medicine because It purines, sn
riches and vitalizes the blood. * gives
help Just where help is needed !. 'opes
the stomach, stimulates tne i've, III" II
srouses and sustains the kidneys. ~
wards Of nneumonia, fevers, bronchitis'
colds, coughs and the grip
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

We, the undersigned, do hereby agree
to refund the money on on. cent pottie
=, Greene,s Warranted Syrup OF Tar if IL
fails to cure your cough or cold. We also
guarantee 25-cent bottle to prove salts
factory or no pay.
Edward Miller. East Barnard.
G. A. Wight. North Tunbridge.
s. B. Buell. Il Co., South Stanford.
L. l.. Udall, STAFFORD.
A. r. Hood & Son, Chelsea.
Joel Blackmer, ckDridge.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08
North kovalton.

Faber Benedict has been on the sick list
but is improving.
Luman Green has so far recovered as &c
be able to ride out.
John bearing has been caring fol-
AIonzo Wallace, who has been quite ii
with fever at Albert Paine's in Sontf
Randolph.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08
1919 Atiest wIIllam d .NiehOIs. judge.

STATE Or VERMONT. , In Probate Court held
RANDOLPH DISTRICT. ss.S a. Randolph in sac
Burton T.. Tbresher, Administrator OF the estate
OF Edwin r. Thresher. late OF Brantrte In said
district deceased presents his administration
for examination and allowance and makes application
decresof distribution and partition OF the estate
OF said deceased.
whereupon II is ordered by said Court, that said
account and said application he referred 70
session said Court to be held at the Probate
once said Randolph the 2fth day OF Dec, A. ID.
1888 for hearing and decision thereon Audit is fur
Their ordered that notice hereof be give TO all per-
sons interested by publication OF the same three
weeks successfully In the HERALD AND NEWS,
newspaper printed at Randolph, previous to said
line appointed for hearing, that they may appear At
said time and place and show cause. Ii any hey
may have against said account being allowed and
such iecree made. By the Court.
1874 Attest, WILLIAM II. NICHOLS, Judge.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08
The Homellest Man ia This Tow


Leroy Wakefield was kicked by horse
recently.
John Jerd's little daughter is very i'll
with appendicitis.
Mr.. and Mrs. o. p. Dudley went to
Boston Tuesday where they Will spend
the winter.
E. E. Bowman had one leg hurt quite
badly while at work in the woods last
Saturday and he IL obliged to walk with
crutches.
George West was knocked down and
dragged under the top OF tree while at
work in the woods Tuesday. His head Is
badly bruised but no bones are broken.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

STATE OF VERMONT, I In Probate Court
within and ior said district on the 3oth day OF Nov
A. D. 1895. Fred c. Lampier, sdmini- TRAITOR Of the
e tate Of Viola i.amnitr. late OF Randolph in said
district dec ased, application 10 said
Court for license sell all OF the real Of SAID
deceased situated In Randolph. to wit: House and
lot IN East Randolph, representing that the sale
will be necessary tor the payment Of the debts Of said
deceased WhereuDOn Il
ordered by said Court that said application be re-
ferred to session thereof 20 be held the Probate
Onice In Randolph on the Goth day OF Dec. A, D.
1898 for hearing and decision thereon. and IL Is hn
ther ordered that all persons interested be notified
hereof by publication OF notice of said application
and order thereon three weeks successfully In the
Herald and News pu bllsed at Randolph before said
time OF hearing that th may appear al said time and
place and II they see cause OBJECT thereto.
BY the Court.
1919 Attest William II Nichols. judge.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

Women love clear, healthy compienx,i ond
Pure blood makes 1t. BuroocA D ~,
Ritters makes pure blood. ~
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08
No. 2274.

No. 2274.
DEPoRT OF the Condition OF the
nAND0LPH NATIONAL BANK, al Randolph
December list, ISIS.
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts. tlu3.4S ~
61verdrafts. secured and unsecured LIS
q. $. Bonds circulation. 100000
Premiums on u. 5. Bonds. l.tf0W
stocks securities. etc. 49Sfls
Other real estate and mortgages owned. l.a3l.H
Due from approved reserve agents laSc.p
Checks aud other cash items. l-slzS
Fractional paper currency. nickels and cents s7ss
Specie. h4ts0
Legal Tender Notes 10000 7.e4fD
redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer
q per cent Of circuafion.l LIB
Due from q. 5. Treas'r. other than per
cent redemption fund,
Total, saissoi.ts
spiial stock paid in. $1,000 ,seoo
Undivided profitable expenses and taxes paidlAss0
National Bank notes outstanding uOso
Dividends unpaid. BUY
Demand certificates OF deposit 80.
Cashiers checks outstanding l0xzA
Total. s2Is5ol4s
STATE or VERMONT. CountysfUrEnge. So.
l. q. B.COpeiand. Cashier of the above named bank,
do solennly that the above statement Is true 10
the best Of my knowledge aud nelief.
q. b. COPELAND. Cashier.
Subscribed and sworn TO before me this 7th day Of
WILLIAM H. NICHOLS, Ju,re of Probate.
Commentaries.
WM: B: VIII Direcrors.
X. T. DrBoIs
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08
.Izoxy TO Cure All Skin Diseases

simplv apply .swAyNE's OINTMENT" No in
ternai medicine required. Cures letter, Eczema,
itch ali eruptions the face. hands nose, Sc.
leavine the skin clear, white and healthy. Its
great healing and curative powers are possessed
hv no other remedy. Ask your druggist Tor
SAVINGS OINTMENT. Avoid substitutes.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

STATE OF VERMONT. In Probate Court held at
District on the Both day OF Now 1888 K. Ransou.
Wood. administrator of the estate OF Ruel
Coville late of Randolph IN said district deceased
presents his admin account for examination and
Allowance and makes application for decree ofdis
tributon and partition Of the estate OF said deceased
Whereupon. II is ordered by said Court that said
account and said application be referred TO session
of said court. 70 be held at the Probate Once
In said Randolph the 90th day Of December,
A. ID. 1898, for hearing and decision thereon.
and 1t Is further ordered, that all persons
ice OF said application and order thereon three
weeks successfully in the HERALD AND NEWS, q
paper published in Randolph. and which circuates
In the neghborhood Of those interested before said
time Of hearing, that they may a. pear at said time
aud place, and, II they see cause, object thereto
1918 BY the Court Attest.
WILLIAM II. NICHOLS JUDGE.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

A son was born to Fred Holmes and
wife Nov. 18th.
Harry Jeffords is at work for John
Baliou of Oh lsea.
Ransom Buck OF East Bethel spent last
week with his father, ID. B. Buck.
Walter Perkins went to Gaysville last
week to visit his parents, Waldo Perkins
and wife.
Eugene Marshall returned to Chelsea
Monday to attend the winter term OF
Chelsea academy.
Robert Fielcers has finished work for
w. w. Sprsgue and returned to his home
In West Brookfield the first OF the week.
Fred Simmons has engaged to work for
NJ ISIS Marion Huntington of East Ran
dolph and commenced mis- labor Monday,
the 5th. Tk%MN
The Homeliest Man ia This Town
AS we'll as the handsomest. and others, invited
10 call on any druggist ana get FREE trial bottle
OF Kemp's Balsam for the Throat and Lungs.a rem.
edy that is guaranteed to cure and relieve all
Chronic and Acute Coughs, Asthma, Bronchitis and
Consumpuon. Price Zoe. and boc
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

STATE OF VERMONT. In Probate Court, hold
RANDOLPH DISTRACT. IS I en- in Randolph in said
district. ON the 2sd day OF Nov. 3D. lS9s H. II. Hay-
ward. administrator OF the estate OF Eliza l. Rolfe
ate OF TnBbridge. and WIN. Balou, Aimr. Of the
estate OF Herbert p. H. lfe. late OF Montana. having
estate In said District,
deceased. presents his administration account for
examination and allowance and makes application
tor decree of distribution and partition OF the
tate OF said deceased. Where 1pons IL
ordered bv said Court that said application come
ander consideration and be heard the 10th day OF
December, A. ID. 1888 at the Probate 0fhce In said
Randolph And IL Is rther ordered thai all per sons
Interested be notified hereof by publication OF notice
u this application and order three weeks successive
y In the HERALD AND NEWS, printed At Randolph.
,efore said time hearing that they may appear Al
lsi2' '@ s WILLIAM H. NICHOLS. Judge.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

Lady Poor's Ointment
RxeeIs for Cuts. Burns and SesIds-
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1898-12-08

STATE OF VERMONT, In PROBATE Court held At
Randolph DISTRICT. 80 Randolph within and
r e. Beard adminstra,o or 81 the estate OF Frances
Curtis, lste of Orange in said district. de-
ceased makes application 10 said Court fof license
to sell all he real estate Of said deceased situated In
this state represen Ing that the sale will be beneficial
10 all the heirs of said estate.
whcreupon IL is ordered bv said Court that
said applicafion BE- referred 10 q session Of
aid tsssri 70 he held at the Probate Olice IN said
Randolph on the 10Th day Of Dee A. ID. 1893. for
nearing and decision thereon; Audti Is further or
Tered that notice hereof be given TO all persons inter
asted hy publication Of the same three weeks succe
published At Rapdo preyiors fosaid time appoint
I'd for hearing that they may appear Al said time and
4 they see cause object thereto.
BY the Court Attest,
1879 WILLIAM II. NICHOLS. Judge.
Arizona republican., 1898-01-08
THROUGH CAR SERVICE VIA
 SANTA FEE ROUTE ASH FORK.

For the accomm odation of our pat rons we have secured through sleep ing car space in Standard and Tourist Pullman cars passing Ash Fork on following days, destined to points named:
 EASTBOUND-Leav Ash Fork at S:O5 a. m., Chicago and Kansas City, daily, Standard and Tourist; St. Louis, Minneapolis, St. Paul. Thursday (via Kansas City & Wabash R. R.) Tourist Sunday (via Kansas City and c. M & St. P) Tourist; Wednesday (vfa Kansas City and c e. W.) Tourist Boston, Thursday (via Chicago and MontreaD Tourist.
 WESTBOUND-Le Ash Fork al 12:35 p. m., Los Angeles, daily, stand ard and Tourist; San Francisco, daily Standard and Tourist.
 s. F. P. & P. Ky. train No. 2, leav- ing at 10 p. m. makes close connection at Ash Fork with cars mentioned above
 Tourists will appreciate the cer. tainty of securing Pullman berths.
 Buy your through sleeping car tick. cts when purchasing railroad tickets For further information call on ol write, B. W. Gialett, General Agent s. F. P. & P. Ry., No. A West Wash ington street, Phoenix. A. T.
Arizona republican., 1898-01-08

-k few years ago there seemed to be an overproduction of cattle. The cat uemen of the west acted on this SUD- position The great herds have been diminished, fewer cattle have been Brought in from Mexico, and many of the large ranges have been given up. The price of beef did not warrant keeping up the business.
 - There has been a marked change, prices are better, and the demand is much larger. The low prices induced many, especially in Europe, to be- come consumers of meat, who had never known this luxury. There was { general increase in our country, also in the amount consumed
 The improved methods of taking frozen meat to England had much to do with this. Great Britain could rot com pete in raising beef Her lands are too expensive. Armour tesf has run out the home product
 With the increased market abroad and at home, growing out of the lower prices and, perhaps, better quality of Beef, and with the increase in popu- Iat,on to be fed, there has not only Tot been corresponding increase of product, but an actual diminishing
 It. would seem, therefore, that those eat+lemen who are counting on an ad- vance in prices and are planning to enlarge their herds, buy more from the southwest, feed more and have much greater herds of live stock and much greater quantity of market able beef next year, if possible, can- not be making a mistake. It is not probable that prices will drOD agair unless from some abnormal cause.
 Of course we must always admi that a contraction of the currency, a: compared with the increased demand for it, vii cause a fall in the price; of all products. But with the prevail ing disposition, in some quarters, tt cut of greenbacks, all sensible meI see that we cannot afford to con sract the currency or permit it to b contracted by any remedial cause Farm, Field and Preside
Arizona republican., 1898-01-08

gently from Dodge City, Kan, where he has been for some time on cattle business.
 Col H. c. Hooker has recently sold a number of high bred and therefore high priced colts, the progeny of his fine stallions.
 Hon. Burt Dunlap was in WillcoX recently from Aravaipa on business. He reported that the recent snowfall in his section contributed materially to the supply of stock water in the mountains.
 William Lutley, the we'll known cat tie man of the Swisshelms, visited in Bisbee recently. He reports the cat tie in his section as not having suf- fered from the want of feed and wa ter, there being plenty of both.
 H. e. Hooker of Hooker Hot Springs, in Cochise county, has been appointed by Governor McCord as special delegate to the meeting of the National Cattle Growers association at Denver. MT. Hooker is one of the heaviest cattle growers of Arizona. Charles Landers, the popular and ] we'll known cattleman, was in Tomb stone recently on business. He re- ports cattle in his section never looked better and with prices going skyward everything is now prosperous with the cattlemen.
 MT. Ali s. Donau, Arizona's dele gate to the National Stock Growers association, is looking forward with interest to the coming stock growers 1 convention from out of which he be- lieves much good will issue to the stock interests of the country.-Star.
 The Chiricahua Cattle company is l shipping through El Paso 17,00O head 1 of cattle in transit to Kansas, where i they have large pasture lands. This company also has extensive cattle in- terests in Cochise and Graham coun- ties, and also in the Panhandle of | Texas.
 Charles Behm of Wild Horse Basin has offered a reward of $100 for the l apprehension and conviction of the parties who stole lot of horses from his range; also for the arrest and conviction of parties who stole lot two years ago. He offers $10 reward for the recovery of each horse.
 Hon. B. A. Packard was recently in 1 Phoenix from his range in San Pedro valley and reports good prices fo1 cattle. The gentleman said that sur veyors had arrived in Bisbee a few days before from the proposed route ] which is an extension of the A. & S B. from Packard station into Mexico MT. Mark Allen is pardonably elat- ed ever his having outlived the year
 despite the prediction of his eastern
 physicians. He has lately wagerei
 a new hat that he will see 1900. Any of Uncle Marks numerous friends
 would be willing to lose such a bel
 10 him.-Range News.
 MT Archie McCorkle of Eureks
 Springs in Cochise county a few day:
 ago sustained painful injury whill
 engaged in range work. He had ropet a calf or yearling and the horse, get ting the rope between his legs, bucke;
 MT. MeCorkle off and kicked him il the face, cutting bad gash in tn
 young mans lip.
Arizona republican., 1898-01-08

which will render the services of a strong naval force extremely desirable and advantageous to the large com mercial interests of the United States in that quarter of the globe.
 It is believed at the navy depart ment that the change recently ordered in the command of the Asiatic squad ron has already occurred. and that Commodore Dewey has relieved Ad- miral McNair of the command of that station. The new commander-in- chief is we'll known in this vicinity through his long service on the light nouse board and afterward as presi- den. of the naval inspection board.
Arizona republican., 1898-01-08
Thousands are Trying 1t.

In order to prove the great merit of Ely's Cream Balm. the most effective cure for Catarrh and Cold in liead, we have pre- pared 8 generous trial size for 10 co.:ts Get it of your druggist OF send 10 ce.ts to
 ELY BROS., 56 Warren St, N. Y. City.
 I Isuffered from catarrh of the worst kind ever since boy, and I never hoped for cure, but Ely's Cream Balm seems to do even that. Many acquaintances have used it with excellent results.-Oscar Ostrum, 45 Warren Ave, Chicago, Ill.
 Ely's Cream Balm is the acknowledged cure for catarrh and contains no cocaine, mercury nor any injurious drug. Price, 90 cents. At druggists or by nal