Graham guardian., 1898-01-28

which building rests, and the
manner in which the lower por-
lions of the buildings are constructs
ed SO as to afford the best possible
bearing for the superstructure.
Bad foundations have caused the
ruin OF many mooern buildings.
The rule, however, which must AL
ways guide the builder, is tha The
broader the base the safer the con.
structioh, and therefore, the softer
the ground, the wider the foupda-
ton should be, and thus on softer
ground, IN many cases, f0onngs
have been employed extending nos
only oouble the width Of the was
but even more. But the iuvt
or rather the re-introductk
concrete, has altered much
system formerly adopted,
except under very peculiar caEus
stances has entirely superseo
other substances used
Heial or semi-artifeialr
Concrete uU,
1 rough uue
broken ,,ies
lOt laid
randong
ed tog
ways "a &E
II bed
In
Grst
Glasgl
tVst
aisOf
dane
.jr0mi
those
in buils
foundatid
La those cit
the lime Is
mixed when hS
In France, howes
first made into a pas
mixture is called "bicton.
has been much used IN for
OF break waters, bridges, ,ae..a
has The property 0f barde 1 w
der water. This compost On
used by the Romans ~ a. ea8av
foundations, fo0Iings for ESQ
IL was IN common use in the mid
ole ages, wall and even archeg
having been made OF it.
Any hard substance; broken into
small pieces will serve for the solid
part OF concrete, that most used ia
gravel or ballast. This should not
De sifted too fine, as the sand which
ls left will mix with the lime end
form sort OF mortar and so assist
10 cement the stones together.
Here at home, along the upper
oencn iands is the best gravel L
have ever seen for this class of
work, but the great trouble is here.
me foundations have not been put
IN deep enough to give solIdity to
the base, and those who have con-
structed such buildings have found
THIS out to their sorrow. The term
construction, as applied in practi-
cal art, is generally understood to
mean fabrication rather than form.
. oDJect being the adaptation Of \
uch materials as are most fitted
,"r the purpose intended, and the
.et OF the constructor being devot-
IA TO combining them so as to in
sure permanency and stability.
nc lime we have in use here is
fine quality for concrete. The first
condition necessary 10 obtain a
good concrete is that the lime
should be brough, TO state ofa per.
iect hydrate before being mixed
'ith the nuclei which il is TO sur
round. Ii should, therefors. be re-
auced to the state of thick paste.
and made into mortar before il is
mingled with the gravel, instead Of
being thrown down from hight
aud left to arrange itself as il best
may, IL should be wheeled in on a
level, and beaten with a hammer.
ur ] have found that when thrown
thus from . height the materials
separate, and the bottom of a thick
oed OF concrete is without the
proper proportion of lime. The
advantage of making the lime into
mortar previously 10 that il fillf
IN much more perfect manne,
the intervals of the gravel or stone
and, in fact, rnders the concret
what it is meant to be, an imperfec
species of rubble masonry. Tn
concrete should be laid in lairs /
the bottom of the trench or lounds
tion, not to exceed on foot thicl
at time and continue ali roun
perfectly level dntil you get II
aeIght required TO the ground ievs
Then carry up your rock work
cording to size of building. al
large experience in Salt La
City and Ogden, Utah, in this cid
Of work. The material here
our command ON the Gila i
good il not better than there,
with little attention 20 the art
building correctly, we can nave
ine public buildings and bome
licences as can be had in any co
try, and as cheap, for the mattel
is close by. | expect to see ins
fine buildings go up in this 5ea
full Gila valley.