davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1898-05-04
ARRIVALS.

Tuesday, May 3.
StmT Mauna Loa, Simerson, from
Maui and Hawaii ports.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1898-05-04
CLAW

is put into g cheap" baking powder to fill up the
can; alum to raise the dough
Alum IS bad for the insides, but the manufac-
turer doesn't mean you any harm,-he just wants
to get rich.
San Francisco COO T. ,ScLIlIiv0 8 COH1bZJlY
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1898-05-04
Due az HONOLULU

On or about the dates below stated. viz:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1898-05-04
Canadian-AuStraIian Royal Mall
Steamship Company.

Steamers Of the above line, running
in connection with the CANADIAN
PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY Do
tween Vancouver, B. c., and sydney
y. S. w, and calling at Victoria, b. C''
Honolulu, Suya Gid, and Wellington
y T. are
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1898-05-04
WHARF AND WAVE.

DIAMOND HEAD SIGNAL STA
TON, May 8, 10 p. m.-The weather
is clear; wind, fresh, n. e.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1898-05-04
C|l0DQe Your Grocer.
DIR. ATCHERLEY,
M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

We have heard people say, con,
yes, I would like to deal with P. ].
VoelIer e Co. as everything is SO nice
there, and they are so accommodate
ing, but their prices seem high" We
plead guilty to the first count and
mot guilty TO the second. Our prices
are lowest. Never do we ask more.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
The Best oner Yet.

The GUARDIAN having made ar,
rang with the Toledo Week,
ly Blade, we are prepared to of.
fer both old and new subscribers
the following liberal proposition.
TO new subscribers, who subscribe
for the GUARDIAN within the next
60 days, paying cash in advance
will send the GUARDIAN and the
Toledo Weekly Blade for $3.50,
the price of the GUARDIAN alone.
To old subscribers who pay up all
arrears and pay s1.50 in advance
within the next so days we make
the same liberal offer, thus giving
you two of the best weekly papers
in the country for tho small sum
of $3.50. In other words we give
you as premium to the GUARD
IAN the greatest weekly newspa-
per in the United States.
Every intelligent family needs
in addition 10 their local paper, a
good national weekly. The great
est and most widely known gen.
eral family newspaper is the Tole-
do Weekly Blade. For thirty
years 1t has been a regular visitor
in every part of the Union and is
well known in almost every one
of the 10000 post-offices in the
country. 1t is the favorite family
PAPER, with something for every
member of the household. Serial
stories. poetry, wit and humor; the
the Household department, (best
IN the world.) Young Folks, Sun
day School Lessons, Talmage's
Sermons, the Farmstead, the Ques.
ton Bureau (Which answers ques-
lions for subscribers,) the News of
The week in complete form, and
'ther special features.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18

Solomonville, Ariz., April
18th, 1903.
In accordance with Act No.
7 of the Session Laws of the
Fifteenth Legislative Assem-
bly, of the Territory of Arizo-
ma, approved March I3, 1889,
requiring the Board ofSuper-
visors of each county of the
Territory of Arizona, at the
regular April meeting of said
board, proceeding a general
election, to make an order
requiring a re-regiStration of
the voters of said county; it
is hereby ordered, all mem
bers voting "Aye,' that a
re-registration of the voters.
of Graham county be made
in the manner and as requir-
ed by the election laws ofthe
Territory of Arizona and that
order be published in the
GRAHAM GUARDIAN al
newspaper published in said
Graham county, and having
A general circulation therein,
for not less than four months
preceding the next ensuing
election.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
BUCKL1N's ARNICA sALvE.

THE BEST SALVE in the
world for cuts, bruises, sores, ul.
GERS, salt rhenm, fever sores, letter,
chapped hands, chilblains, corns,
and all skin eruptIons, and pos
itively cures piles, or no pay re-
quired. 1t is guaranteed to give
perfect satisfaction or money re-
funded. Price 25c. per hox. Sold
by all dealers in drugs and gem
eral merchandise.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
REAL ESTATE FOR SALE,

Several towr lots, dwellings,
good wind mill and tank, orchard,
stables and out houses. This prop.
erty is situated in Stafford, Ariz.,
one of the most thriving Villages
in Arizona. Good climate, and
one of the best business points in
the Territory, being on the rail
road, in the farming center and
within ten miles of some of the
richest mines in the Territory.
For further particulars address
l.. FRYE,
If Stafford, Arizona.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
TERRITORY OF ARIZONA :,

TERRITORY OF ARIZONA -
COUNTY OF GRAHAM D
|, Pedro Michelena, county
recorder and Ex-Offlcio clerk
of the board of Supervisors,
of the county of Graham,
Territory of Arizona, do here
by certify that the above and
foregoing is a full, true and
correct copy of an order
made and entered upon the
of said Board under
date of April nth, 1893.
In witness whereof | have
hereunto set my hand and
the seal of said Board,
this 18th, day of June 1893.
PEDRO MICHELENA,
County Recorder andEX-Of-
ficio Clerk of the Board of
of Graham coun-
y, Arizona Territory.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18

Shining Station.
The only North and South Line In Arizqns
traversing and reaching the most interes,.,ink inte,,
sections Including the great salt kiyer Nseyd
Through tickets IN all points IN inc uiu''U
states, Canada and Mexico. :. 7,
Connect at Jerome Junction with trans oi y
VA +. Ry for Jerome. ,,nos so,
principal mining camps: at Congress Junctlos
with Congress Gold Co. r. r. for Congress y. anu
stage lines for Harqua Hala, station ana Ia
nell - ~ n
Al Hot springs Junction with the z. q II. .
r. Co. stag, line for Castle Creek Hot springs
the iess all the year health resort. :, ., NJ,
Al Phsnix with the NJ. 4 ?. y ,. ~ " ny
for all points on the s. p. System.
GEO. NJ. SARGENT,
NJ MURPHY. General +. b. Y. Agt,
Prest. & Gen. Mgr. PIescou Afl]"ia
Prescott Arizona
n. Z. WELLS,
Asst Gen. Mgr.
Prescott. Arik.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION.
'0S The Noodle Canal Company
Know Ana Mns nv rursn PRESENTS.

L KNOW Ain mEN by THEsB PRESENTS:
l Thstwe Benj Echols. A. Layton and T.
Nations all OF Graham 'ounty, Arizona, have
,, this daT associated ourselves together FOR th'
purpose os forming corporation under the laws
, OF rixone territory and we hereby certify;
fst The names OF the incorpora'ors are Benz
Echols, A. Layton aud 4. J. Naton';a and that
the name OF che corporation Is and shall be the
Moddle Canal Company, and It's principal place
of business 10 Duncan, Graham County, Arizona
Territory, until otherwise directed by the stock
holders OF ssid corporation.
End. The general nature Of the business pro.
posed to be transacted and conducted is the
locating and constructing of canals, dams,
fumes and the diyerting of the waters of the
Giia River for the purpose of irrigation and
| milling: and said corporation proposes further
| TO construed and operate Touring and grists
mills In said Graham county, Arizona, md use
said waters for the purpose of running and
operating the same.
| Srd. The amount of capital stock of said cor
poration shall be Five Thousand Dollars, divld-
ed into 200 chares of the par value s25, each to
| be paid as called for from time to time by the
Board of Directors of said corporation.
| 4th The time of the commencement ofthis
corporation shall be the day of the filing Of
these articles sofineorporation Of for record In the
| office of the county recorder of said Graham
County, Arizona. and said corporation shall
continue for the term of fifty years therefrnm.
bth. The affairs of said corporation shall be
under the control Of aud conducted bya Board
of Directors consisting of Three shareholders in
said corporation, who shall be chosen annually
on the third Monday in December of each year,
by the shareholders of said corporation; said
Board of Directors so chosen shall elect presi-
dent, secretery, and treasurer.
9th. The shareholders at any regular or called
meeting thereof shall have power by majority
vote of the stock represented at such meetingsto to
make, establish, alter, change or abolish, rules
and bylaws for the proper conduct and man
agement of said corpo ration.
7th. The private property of the stockholders
of said corporation shall be exempt from all
corporate debts.
In witness whereof we have hereunto set our
hand and seals this 5th day of July 1898.
BENZ EcHoLs, tSeall
A. LAYTON. lseall
TT. NATIONS, Iseall
rrpRrroaY of ARIZONA IS
COUNTY of GRAHAM
This day before me, J. NJ. McCollum notary |
public in and for Graham County, Arizona
Territory personally appeared the within
named Benz Echols, Layton and 7 J. Ma
ions, known to me to be the persons named In
md who executed the within instrument and
Who acknowledged to me that they, each of
hem, executed ihe same for the uses and pur
roses therein set forth,
witness my hand and notorial seal this 9th
ay Of July 1898,
NJ. McCoLLUM,
Notary Public
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
Stafford, Arizona.

The Groebeck livery stable, To-
Gated at the Groesbeck hotel, which
by-the.way, is the best hotel in
Graham county, Is especially pre-.
pared to afford drummers and their
luggage transportation. If.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
Ny commission expires ]
How To Look Good.


How To Look Good.
Good looks are really more than
skin deep, depending entirely on a
healthy condition of all the vital
organs. If the liver is inactive,
you have bilious look; if your
stomach is disordered, you have a
dyspeptic look; if yoar kidneys are
affected, you have pinched look.
Secure good health, and you will
surely have good looks. Electric
Bitters" is a good Alternative and
tonic. Acts directly on the stom'
aeb, liver and kidneys, puiifies the
blood, cures pimples, blotches and
boils, and gives good complex
ion. Every bottle guaranteed.
Sold at all the drug stores, so
cents per bottle.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18

When you want to take your
girl for buggy ride get your rig
from the Groesbeck livery stable.
-. If.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
SoUTHER PACIFIC
SOUTHERN PACIFIC.

Train No connects with Southern Pacific
train No. 10, eastbound leaving Maricopa at
10 ns n m.
Train No 2 connects with Southern Pacific
train No 30, westbound, leaving Maricopa at
sS6 a. m
q n .ceti0ns made at Phoenix with S, f.; T. &
T.. X r. ios Prescott and Congress.
Connections at Mesa with stage for Goldheld,
Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays, at 1880 y.
M for Florence and Globe, Tuesdays, Thurs
days and Saturdays at 4 O'Clock a. IN.
s'fraiHS stop on signal.
Pullman Palace Sleeping cars on all trains
between phmnix and Maricopa.
n x MASTEN. b. +. PORTER,
President. Gen'l Supt
NJ. o. BiBKNELL,
OenI Frt and Pass. Agt.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18

"ANTED SEVERAL TRUSTWORTHY
w persons in this state to manage our bust
ness in their own and nearby counties. 1t is
mainly office work conducted at home. Salary
straight $500 year and dexpenBes-defnite bon
a6de, no more, no less salary. Monthly SIS. Re-
ferences Enclose self'addressed stamped en-
veiope, Herbert e. Hess Prest., Dept. NJ Chicago
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18

Domestic 5 cts. per yard at
John Blake & Co. If.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18

High arm machines only $40 at
Ijams & Cos. If.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
The Best Plaster.

A piece of flannel dampened with
Chamberlain's Pain Balm and
bound on to the afflicted parts is
superior to any plaster, When
troubled with pain in the chest
or side, or a lame back, give it a
trial You are certain to be more
than pleased with the prompt relief
which it affords. Pain Balm is al.
so a certain cure for rheumatism.
For sale by all dealers in medicine.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18

DR.. E. l.. Cassels at his old of
Zee Stafford. If.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
Sarfford Ariz.
Notice to Miners.

The GUARDIAN now has in stock
a full supply of mining locations.
Those desiring them can obtain
any number desired by calling at
or writing TO this office. If.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18

Finest sewing machines in the
valley at Iiams & Go, Prices $40
and up. IT,
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18

Peerless ice cream freezers at
Blake's. W.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
PROGRAMME
Of the Teachers institute to be Held In
Stafford, Nov. 3otR and Dec. fst and end.
60edneSday, Roven9heP 50tb

SSe<
Mornins Session.
opepiQa and Dsdicaeory Prayer p. e nERRIcc
Si29Pe eRoIR
EEcsoF OF SEcREeRRY
EcEcTIof OF HONORARY TEmBERs.
APPOINTMENT OF co(nmITTEEs.
Hddress Of Welcome REU r. W. DoWFS
Response TO Wssone PRESS. aEDREw NmBaI
REMARKS by tbe SuperiPeePdQ7t of SCHOOLS.
siepps tbe I2sttuse Roll.
Hftsrnoon session
Roll call
Vertical penmanshp, HARRY PETERSON
Discussion opened by HEBER LARSEN
Nature study in mixed school ia. WOODS
Discussion opened by MRS. j. NJ BELKNAP
Recitation
Music.
Methods of teaching primary history MRS 2 JONES
orthography JAMES wakefield
PUBLIC Reception to Teachers by tbs People of Stafford
Shursday, 0eeen2ber, lst
Morning Session.
Roll call
Music.
ciass exercise in physiology rios 1T T1LG11Hs fl
Song
Child study MISS MAUD KEMP
Discussion opened by MISS KATE VECK
a.sernoon session
Educational work among Mexican children BERT HEALEY
Discussion opened by MAUD GOLDACRER
Glass exercise in geography MISS SARAH ALFRED
Recitation
Lecture school discipline GEORGE CUFF
Music
Evening session
Effect of alcohol and narcotics on the human
system DIR. e. L. WISH
Amending of school laws JUDGE j. " NcCOLLUM
Recitation
Music
Qrday, December End.
Mornins Session.
Roll call
Music
Glass exercise in primary reading MISS JOSIE CUFF
Discussion opened by MRS, BR0WY
Arithmetic, ad RANGED &. r. JONES
Object teaching MISS HARRIET GILLESPIE
Grammar advanced JOHN NASH
afternoon Session.
Music.
Tact in teaching EHIL MAESER
Discussion opened by &. p JONES
The institute, its true object Mr. GLASSCOCK
The old and new education HARRY WARREy
Response TH0S. CUNNINGHAM
Glass exercises in calisthenics MISS MAMIE SMITH
Music
Finest sewing machines in the BUSS BIRDNo
alley AZ iJa"s W. Real Estate Agents saaord A,
nd up IT, -
Peerless ice cream freezers at anu "ate hlgnts BouS
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
FRESH CANDY AT CASTLES,
POST OFFICE STORE, Stafford.

Good teams and good buggies
at tho Groesbeck livery stable. If
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
The scenic Line of Arizona.
S. +. P. 4 P. R'y. Co.
With The
SANTA FE SYSTEM.

shortest and quickest route between Phoenix.
Kansas City. Chicago, st. Louis and Eastern
s. r. p. & p. Time Table No. 26,
Effective June a, 1897.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18

BUss & BIRDN0.
Real Estate Agents, Stafford, Ariz.
Land and Water Rights Boughs
and Sold.
Graham guardian., 1898-11-18
QridaY, 9esenber 2nd.

Music.
Tact in teaching
Discussion opened by
The institute, its true object
The old and new education
Response
Glass exercises in calisthenics
Music
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1898-10-21
Japan National Con ssntlo.,

Let me draw pen picture for you
Nearly two hundred Y's, representing
seven different local unions, some o.
them coming a distance Of more than
four hundred miles, are occupying the
front of Union church, Yokohama, and
the choir loft is filled with girls on
whose breast our white badge is pin
ned. The program says from two
to three is Young Woman's Hour.
and all are radiant in eager anticipa-
ton.
At last the moment arrives The
president, Mrs. YAKIMA, leaves the
platform and calls the general secre-
tary to the chair AS gracefully, and
with as much self-possession as though
she has always been accustomed to
preside at great meetings. Miss Tamil
Mitani takes her places, bows very low,
as Is the Japanese custom, makes a
few Introductory remarks. and calls
for the frst number upon the program,
Some glad day" This Is followed by
letters, papers and poems galore, by
other songs from the White Ribbon
Hymnal, and the report of the secre-
tary, from which we learn that twelve
schools are organized with member
ship OF more than six hundred girls.
Monthly meetings have been held in
nearly every place, flowers distributed,
and classes canvassed for new recruits.
What hath God wrought" And
what Is 1t going to mean in the future
to have six hundred young women go
out to all parts of this empire and be-
come the nucleus for temperance
work? When that day comes, surely
the w. c. T, U. will have solid rock
upon which to build. The hours pro-
gram closed with white Ribbon VI
brations.' The whole exercise was az
rhythmical, as classical as the most
beautiful dream, and older people sat
rejoicing in ''the day that is to be-
From the Y Almanac.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1898-10-21

IN an eIaporately arranged case, from
which her patient selects the quality
Of the jewel after the kind necessary
to the cure has been decided upon
Golden braziers are used to burn thu
stone when 1t is necessary that thu
patient inhale the fumes Nine. Hon
ouix has taken suite Of rooms in New
Yorl: that will be fitted up deliberately
In Oriental style. and soon the 400
will be languishing on luxuriant Turk
ish pillows amid sensuous aromas, IN
haling the fumes OF burning jewels.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1898-10-21

There can be little doubt that the
rank and file of the Spanish people will
become good friends OF the United
States as soon as they understand her.
This they have been prevented from
doing, largely by the action OF their
leaders and rulers, who represented our
nation as cruel and bloody one, that
spared few prisoners and showed no
mercy. Doubtless there were thou
sands OF Spanish prisoners who con-
sidered themselves-upon finding that
they were allowed to live-as the most
amazing monuments of the saints
grace now in captivity. They have
fast been finding out to the contrary"
Only few days since the following
letter was written by a private Of the
Spanish infantry at Santiago and 1t
ia believed that he speaks for thou
sands:
ITO Major General Shafter, Com.
handing the American Army in Gu
ba: Sir-The Spanish soldiers who
capitulated in this place on July Is last.
recognizing your high and just posi-
ton, pray that through you all the
courageous and noble soldiers under
your command may receive our good
wishes and farewell which we send
them on embarking for our beloved
Spain. For this favor which we have
no doubt you will grant. you will gain
the everlasting gratitude and consid-
GRAFTON of eleven thousand Spanish |
soldiers who are your most humble |
servants"
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1898-10-21

claims to cure with the aid OF precious
stones. and after she gets through
with them the gems. In the vernacular,
look like thirty cents Nine. Honouix,
rived In New York on July 3. and Is
spending a two-months' vacation at
Binghamton. N. ". before bursting up
on the metropolis In her role as healer.
She Is the inventor OF the cure and
has q large establishment in Paris that
has become very popular among those
who can AFFORD to take the treatment.
As the remedy requires expensive
stones and often entails their total de-
struction, only the wealthy can afford
cure OF this kind. Among her pa
TENTS Nine. Honouix numbers Sarah
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1898-10-21
TO GET HIGH NOTES.
Devices Employed by Singers to Increase
the Range OF the Voice.

One reason adduced against the
American girl with a voice going to
Europe to study is that the singing
masters use such fgurative language In
telling the pupil how to induce tone
that only those familiar with the lam
guage can make out what they mean.
The vocal teachers In this country are
tolerably practical themselves, and 1t
takes most OF the half hour at IS per
lesson to puzzle out what they man is
trying to say. When they talk OF try
Ing for tone like a flock of birds, y
or that one must think OF 1t as "piece
OF down floating in the air." or Sing
with long tube" 1t takes long ac-
quaintance with the jargon to under
stand, and then every teacher has a
different set OF phrases. These are
generally based on some fact empirical
ly used For example, the familiar
tone: Sing with the laughing eye and
the smiling mouth" gets better and
brighter tone on the upper notes be-
cause the seventh pair of nerves that
actuate the smiling muscles also lift u2
INC bOlt pdldt6 anu the pTlmd donna
that laughs 1t out" when she juggles
with the high notes above the staff does
so because that is the easiest way to
do the work. II 1t could be known just
what arrangement Of the muscles that
govern the hollow spaces of the voice
was necessary for every note and these
were all named and everybody agreed
to the name. teaching vocal music would
be as simple as brick laying. One
thing seems to be definitely known, and
that is that for the way-up-in-the-sky
notes from the second leger line above
the treble staff. high G and up to G in
alto, the soft palate that usually hangs
down like grape curls itself up back
ward and divides the nasal passage In
.wo. Laryngoscopic tests show that to
be the invariable method. II a girl |
IAN teach her soft palate to do this.
she gets the notes Gin alt" II she |
ant she doesn't get them. and that IL
he end of it.-Boston Advertiser.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1898-10-21
NINE. HONOUIX.


Bernhardt and Nine. Modjeska, while
the duchess of Marlborough recently
called her for consultation. Nine.
Honouix Is said to be remarkably sue
cessful In the treatment OF blindness
and nervous diseases. She claims that
virtue for these ills OF mankind can
be found In certain stones possessed
by nothing else on earth. The treat
ment In some case consists simply in
applying the jewel to the affected spot,
when by an absorbent process 1t re-
moves the difficulty.
Again II is sometimes necessary to
burn the stone and inhale the fumes
or swallow the powder. One treatment
costs from ESQ to 5000 francs, accord
ing to the ailment. and 1t is no unusual
thing for patient TO take course OF
fifty treatments Even at these prices
Nine. Honouix says there is not large
profit. owing to the expense of the rem
edies. 'rhe stones used must be per-
feet. as & flaw would render their
medical quality worthless. In the
course OF her experiences Nine. Hon.
ouix has made some interesting discov-
cries regarding gems. She has In her
possession a rare stone known as the
''Babylonian Gem" which the ancients
believed II rubbed assiduously would
render the holder invisible. Another
curious legend connected with the well
known moonstone Is that in its inter-
Tor Is wax figure of the moon, and
hat nd WI
tao lunar orb. Chalcedony hung about
the neck is infallible. says Nine. Hon
ouix. In dispensing sadness. and II any
person carried one perforated with the
hair OF donkey II would prove an
amulet against all disaster. The crys-
tai ia used to disped phantoms and
nervous Authorizations. while onyx, II |
hui OF wine before retiring. will pre-
vent nightmare and insomnia. The
Jasper. though an old-fashioned jewel.
IS proof against the tites OF venomous
serpents. spiders and scorpions. The
properties Of the ruby are endless.
Bruised In water 1t IL panacea for
Ill complaints. Powdered agate is al
W u tHNQIitC ittnSals no lti bsttk no
he time Of Pliny the Magi taught that
storms could be averted by burning
lgates. The amethyst often proves
'ure for intoxicatIon, while the sap
hire and emerald are used to strength
N the sight A curious belief that
Ittaches to the turquoise and is found
n the writings OF Van Helmont is
hat II the wearer OF this jewel should
all from any height II would attract
he force OF the fall to itself, and even
hough 1t crack the stone the wearer
eould be uninjured. The diamond is
he most common and At the same time
he favorite remedy. For insanity
nd diseases OF the nerves this stone
axes the lead, 1t also has electric
roperties and attracts to itself small
articles OF gold. Among the Malays
is firmly believed that draught
rom glass OF water IN which the {
iamond OF the raJah OF Matra had
cen placed would cure all ills The 1
tones used by Nine. Horouix are kept