davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
Look Oot for Theue Fellows.

TIE po5.ofice department is running
down a gang of sharpers. Circulars
have been sent out in which 1t is statsd
that gang OF professional postefice
burglars and safe crackers, who have
apersted very successfully ia Virgins
AL Wss5 Virginia, cracking numer-
Gus postofice safes, aave recently be-
gun ouerati0ns IN North Carolina and
IL Is believed will continue operations
ia North Carolina and other southern
Safes, if their capture is not effected.
They operate quite successfully,
laying their plans sJstoEaHcslly y ana
we'll. It il believed thers are five in
the gang, though it is possible the two
older nen are one ard the same man,
mersly appearing differently at differ
ent points, as the older man is acting
as advance agent and plays numer-
Gus roles"
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
COL, TARLETON'5 SWORD.
Captured st the Battle or Oowpens Now In
Columbia.

Columbia.
10 speaking Of the return OF Col. T.
E. Dickson, of Columbia, from a visit
to Seneca, the Record says he brought
back with hin 8 Revolutionary relic,
whose value cannot be estimated and
which is OF peculiar interest to al pa
trio:ic South Carolinians, who are
proud Of the part their State played
IN the great struggle whicn freed the
American colonies from England and
laid the foundation OF ths grand re-
public of the Western Hemisphere.
That rslic is the sword which Colonel
TarIe!on used in leading tee British
troopers ID battle on South Carolina
soil against the pariIsans who fought
under Morgan, Pickens, Sumter,
Marion and the other pa.rio.s, whose
names have bsel immcrtalized by
their illusgr-oUs deeds OF daring and
heroic endurance OF tolls and priya-
lions in the struggle for the sacred
cause OF liberty. TasIeson loss the
sword at the battle of CoWpens, where
the patriots Won such signal VicGory,
7lctcry w4ica put fresh neart in their
brethren Throughout he colonies and
hasten tha coming of sae triumphant
end OF the war st YorE.o IN. The
historic facts about the loss OF that
sword are generally kno o5n. Col
VIM. Washington, tle gallant leader
OF the American cavalry. pressed
Tarleton So clos7ly il MS dgat as to
be able to have one exchange OF sabre
I blows with the British ieaaer. Wash
iaeton's sword cut Tarteson's f ngers
and the Brltifn colonel dropped mis-
steel, spurred lis stoed and obtained
safat- by fitns. Wm. Scott, the
father Vi Col. D.ckson's mother, was
an American soldier in the battle OF
CoHpens. Es saw the fight betTeen
Washington and Tarle.o1 and picked
10 the latsers sword when he dropped
it. The sword has ever since been
preserved in the family as priceless
trophy OF ancestral proWess IL the
Revolutionary war. Toe sword, or
sabre, for the blade curves back so as
TO give greater forcs to It's blows, is
long and heavy. The blade is : yard
in length, while the hiIt IS slightly
over SIX inches long, With an IRON
guard. There is q long scratch on the
guard and a cas IN the iron knob at
the end of .heshilt, which aro believed
| to have been MADE by the blow OF
Washington's sHoro which forced
GarIe.on 70 drop his weapon or which
knocked it,ou. of his hand. The IRON
shanks of the hill is cased in wood,
which was covered with leather, much
of which has beer worn away. Upon
the blade, close 70 the njlE. is engraved
tas word Potter" probably the
name of lis maker There are many
notches in The blade; and some rust
upon IL, possibly made By the blood
of ga rios VINO mad felt is edge. Col.
Dickson nss received many letters OF
Iiaoury ABOUT this sword and thought
It b=s: 20 oring i. to Coiumoia for safe
keeping. II "iLl be put IL the vault
ia the secretary CT .ae's ofH;e whers
reposs Marion'S sword and other Rev.
olutionary relics.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05

$4,000. This amount has been refuG-
ded to the state treasurer during the
yesr.
By resolution, the board Of trustees
wss required to pay from the college
approximation the annual installment
due on the Lee lands.
OAe instaJlment was paid last Janu-
ary and the next will be paid next
January, which will be the last pay,
ment.
The fertilizer department IS econo-
nnically and satisfactorily managed by
]. ?. Smith, the efficient secretary OF
this deoartmert. Farmers institutes
-ere held in as many places SIS practi-
bic We are pleased to report that
they are growing in popularity. The
change in the vacation from winter
to summer will enable the college
force to do more work in this direc.
ton in the future, at time that will
best suit the people generally ard that
will not interfere with the college
work
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
FloZen e. the Boat

A row beat containing four men
rom and uLconscioIs, washed upon
r R2ckaTay peacn Wednesday,. The
mems fest 9ere frtz:n fast TO me bot
tcm Ct ihe boat. rney we're carried
70 hc.el. pat to bed and rysto1aaVts
Administered. Alter tour tou,s care
shey recovered so far as 10 explain
lna: ne. Gsd hired arrow boat from {
6sher IN aod h2d los1 the Oars aJC
Tad 5een at The mercy Of the wind ano
waves all night. 1t is probably they
AL will recover. Their names az
Joseph Day, B B. Back, James Root
aud George Meetzger, OF New York
City.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
4 NsW Gay Co CulI.on

ex-Savannahian, ". n. Raiford
go~ a resident Of Cochran, Pulaski
county, Ga., and Robert COursop, 0,
he same p ace, cres;ed considerable
sxci,ement in the writing room of the
B.o xn House at Macon, Wednesday
Light Raiford claimed that Courson
owed him mnnel ard vent IN win q
double barrel 81 shotgun to make Dim
|a!sgorge. H forced Courson TO give
min s!l the money be had aGd Grove
him TO Ms boarolng huuse with lis
gun 10 make him take of spair o.
shoes which Ralfosd Claimed as lis
property. Ccurson ooayed all oIdsrS
meekiy. Ee has been oversees for 7.
L bendricx, Ralfo,d's brother n Law
at Cochran, tAs LATER ciai.us be cao.e
oy the SHOES and coin in an ire u!ar
manner The action of tee TWO me-
caused considerable comment in the
hotel.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
AR NANCE Of IL eY@r.

4 rou9Mce mat nd It's beginning 81
the .iu. Cf TIE civil war resulted III the
narri@ee of Frederick We!son, ex'
state treasurer of Colorado and nil
l.onaire banker Of D aver, to Miss
Enna Saorck, aged 25, ot st. Louis
Mr. WeIson vas Union veteran, re
sucaed 10 ST. Louis alter the war,
orvkcn il health and pocket. He was
uu1sad back 10 heaiIn by Mrs. Gus
traye Stock, mother o. his bride de
verG vest, gained p.@Iuirence and .
fortune. He LOST b IS Grst wife sVera-
wears ago.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
4 EoTTtbls Death.

John Aguew and Thomas Kennedy
net hcr-inle death in Aldon shaft,
in Pennsylvania. They had been
saGt down the SHAFT 20 cut ice, which
preven ed the carriage from running.
Fey Gu; sway the ice until the car
ces csuded 800 feet, when it stuck.
rne two oen could not signal the
engineer AID rope contin u'd to coil
o1 the top of the oonnes Of The car un-
ii lis weight forced the carriage be-
yrnd the ICE formation The car de
sceIded swiftly until tie rope broke,
:qhes it fell $50 ieet. The men were
dashed TO pieces.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
H, Wanted NoIey.

J. ". Harris, a North Carolina ne
:yro 1as arrajgaed Wednesday in New
Y,rk on the clarGa of sending threat
rnin. lett3rst ID William <. Varder.
DiIs, Charles Broadway Rouse, John
Waramaker, and other prominen.
nen. the letters demanded money
under thrrat of personal viole-ce, and
ALLEGED iGat the writer was member
{ q c:4ty formed 10 e1tort raJlef
from mil,ionai;es al any pre-. a:
60 en- sppoared to prosecute Bzrrls
re was commiSled 10 the 5TorkaOuse
.s a VagrG3t.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
crease attenda1ce at all Of the colleges


INDUSTRIAL OR MANUAL TRAINING.
| We are now without specially trained
Instructors to take charge OF Industrial
or msrusl courses in our schools; but
there are amorg us those whose gen
eral aptitude and scholarship would
enable them to tske up this line OF
work. aud with special study ard prac-
: tice they would become proficient IN
it. This work could be introduced into
many of our best schools with prof!
to many OF the pupils.
Most of the schools are without suti-
Gent room for such work, and are
taught by teachers whose attempts at
instruction slong this lioe would
amount to absolute loss of time and
morey. a proper outfit for this work
would cost more than many Of the
schocl houses Of the State have cost.
UDfil there is more money for the
schools, better houses with mere room,
and teachers prepared to give lnstrue-
tion. it carnot become general and It
is, therefore, uawiEe to make gen
eral atteupt at it this time. The:e
sre, however, schools in the State
where it could be proftahly introduced
at once. I doubt if there is any au
thority. as the lsw nov stands TO pur'
chase an outfit for such work. The
trustees, under the supervision OF the
county board Of education, should be
given the authority to make such lur-
chases.
REFoRNAToRY.
Instead OF attem pting at this time
the establishment of q refo-matory for
youthful criminals, as has been sug
eested I suggest the passage OF an &C:
prohibiting children from remaining
on the streets OF cities and towns after
specified hour, except when attended
by an adult, or provided with a special
permit.
ARBOR DAY.
There should be one day in each
year set apart for tree planting, and
a general Observance of this dsy by al
of the public schools OF the State
lhculd be required. Children should
be taught to place proper value on
shade ard ornamental trees. The
school grounds, many Of which are
now eithout ,rees and wholly uaim.
proved and uninviting, could be
hsau:ifsd ard rendered attractive and
pleasant. I suggest that the third
| Friday in Noven Der Of each year be
desjgnsted as haronr dav.
REPORTS OF STATE INSTITUTIONS
The repurrs OF the S.ate institutions
of higher le-rning a1e submitted with
this report as Is now acquired by law.
To publish tbs itenized statements OF
all Of these institutions would be e1-
pensive. I have fled in my ofice the
itemized statements of such OF them
SIS have furnished them and publish
only the totals under their rescectivs
heads or subdivisions. The itsmiz ID
statements are subject to inspection
! by any one ard OF course also to your
orders. Soould you desire them
prir,ed the work can be done after
;you arrive.
TIE reports show all OF the insti.u
tons to be in excellent condition aud
set forsh their needs, R-ference tc
these reports should BE- made fos full
.. Information concerning tleir coz di:i iou
and demands. Respectfully su omitted
w. D. May fcld,
State Superintendent Of E iucstion.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
Shnx d .wnin Prison.

4 special from B6ssener, Ala, says:
Tom Collins, Of tbs city, shot and in
stactly killed D. L Howell, OF Bro Wns,
Ala, while the latter was in cell IN
tne city prison, Later in tbs afCer-
Noon Howell was arrested By Ofi;er
Wilson oo omolsi4t oy Mrs. Cox
llrs, wife of Tom Collins, VINO said
chat E0w4ll ba3 oean following her
aid her d2ugatnec srolad the streets.
When Collins heard OF the AfAir, ne
went to tbs city priscr, gained sdmls-
sen and killed Howell ii his cell,
sh,oun- MIN through he heart. Col.
lins was arre.t~d On the charge OF
murder.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
A Fatal EalI.

o. Christmas E!e, about 4 P. NJ,
IS Messrs. AI,x Johnson and Frank
Brown wsre driving towards Bisaop.
vile, near tns R.'idger's and Mr.. Kist-
lars Lumber mill, tneie h2cse took
fright and rau, throwing both men
ous. Johnson ESQ., ped serious IL juries,
but Brown nscA Tas broken, killing
him instantly.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
a Qufck Trip.

a German railway paper with one
Of those compound German names,
too long to copy reminding-u of the.
permanent-Way with words for rails
and hypens for spl;ces between says
that when the Trans Siberian railway
has been completed the tour OF the
world can be made in thirty three
days. This is considerably less than
half the time in which Jules VerDe's
hero accomplished it. The following
is The table from the German paper
with the j2inted name:
Bremen to S.. Petersburg. Ill days
St. P tarsburg to VIadiyostock1O days
Vlacivostcck to San Francisco1O days
San Francisco to New York. Al days
NaW York t. Be B:epen.........,.7 days
Total. SO day S
a CORES spnDdenE of the French
Revue Sc,eptiique, translated fin the
iL;terary Digest, however, brings the
! total down ten 6aYs by simply assum
ing a higher speed OF travel. He says
81 assume for steamers speed Of 81
miles an bcur Instead of 1S miles, the
former sped baving been recently
o5taired il Eaglard by torpedo boats
and for railways, instead of a speed ot
sever tv kilome.ers ('orty three and 9
half miles an hour, that of 100 kilo
ma:ers (62 miles), which will be at
tanned whenever we wish to under
take the expense of relaying our per.
manent ways. We shall then have
the following figures:
Paris TO Paci6c ocean via Asia s days
] Coast Of Asia to Ssn Francis
c>.........,.............. II days
!: San F.arcisco to Now York. 3 days
New York to Paris. A days
Total. % cay
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
a Coed ougS=stlon.

Here is aa exc8IIert suggestion
from the Greecyllle News: IAN
lri:nman VINO w2s vailiy trying to
split s1eet gum log waea bolt OF
lig atening tore great oak to splin-
ters few yards iisLaot, remarked:
Faith, I wish you'd try your hand
on lbis.' Il is suggested likewise to
Mr.. Joseph Letter, OF Chicago, who
has successfully cornsred the wheat
market ard ruo the price up, that ne
Jackie FIVE cents cotton.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
NIX: Years Taxes.

Estimates are low being made for
sle lax levy that the next general as
sembly will have TO impose. lJls not
yet iuliy known what revenue will be
D 4cessa1 y, but Comptroller General
Eotoln, WAC has tne figures al hand,
Is not ablo 10 sea any possibility CT
letting the levy below five mills, and
the likelihood IS that it will have to be
Z stllt higher rate in Case 1t is decided
that tbs deficit had better tSa Iqulda:-
ed
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
CLEMSON COLLEGE.
The ANNUAL REPORT Has BEEN RE-
CE!VEO.
No Harm Resulted From sicknsss-The
Number Of STUD ensG Increased Financial
Staten msns-TrunteaA,R Re porr

Number OF Students 8ncreaeed-ElnanclA
statemsns-TrunteeA' Re porr.
The annual report of the trustees
and professors and managers OF the
vsrious departments of Clemson Col
lege has been received by the superiu-
tendent OF education. The ra"eiDts fer
the year amount to $5S C67 81. ard
the expense acc ,unt ~as s54 293 %,
leaving balance OF 50 ia 81 after
paving expenses OF collection refund
ing $40, 600 to the state treasury and
some other eIrenses. the privilege tax
netted the college $42, 05S 90
IL the expense account the largest
expenditures were fer salaries, IS 46S
80; mechanical department, S., 792 40;
agricultural department repsirs and
construction, 81, IA 81; cacet labor,
50 262S4 The total number OF stu.
dents is 337. The foIlo8ing is the re-
port in detail:
Receipts for the year 1897. ending
~ n
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
SCHOLARSHIPS.

There are many youny nan and We
men who complete with distinction
the courses OF study in the grsced anu
1igh schools and whose education
ceases with their work IN these schools.
Ii the State board OF education were
permitted to grant scholarships TO the
sradustes of highest class standing il
these schools, the mum Der ana value
of the scholarships to be deW rmined by
that oosrd, the tendency would be to
i1 prove the scholarship ia these
schools, to induce pupils TO remain ua.
Ill they graduate, to improve soms
with & collegiate educstion who Other
wise could not obtsin it. and to in.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05

Int, esttDg Infor rosTtoc About scho ois AZ d
Cole g.s-A CcGq,eee Array OF Facts and
Figures Cuned E1rn the Coui " super
insendeass' Rsporss.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05

Balance On hand, 1S96..,..s 33 Is
Annual cash ms .alImen:.... II, 600 90
Available for year ending
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05

Seventh Circuit-Mis:rialg, i; no bill
apd discontinued, 1872; not gully, 49;
gully. 1872; grand TOTAL, Sl5; jail or
ine. l04; pcni5entisry for term, II;
oeniteatlsry foc life, Z; dsa.h sen
tsnce, 3. -,
Eighth Circuit-Iis:rials, 2; no bill
aad discontinued, los; not guilty,
~; guilty, 143; grand Iota 3lS; jell
or Fl e, 80; penitenliary for tern, So;
penite utiary for life, 4; deatA sea
tence 0.
Total-MistrtaIs, 80; no bill and .dis'
continued !, ,05S; not guilty, 434; gull
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1898-01-05
STATISTICS OF CRIME
IN SOUTH CAROLINA DURING THE
PAST YEAR.

The Showing Is Not Such Bad One After
ALA Decrease IN Total Number Of
Criminal Gases Brought Before the
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-02-10
ALDRICH GIVEN THE SEAT.
Alabamn Contested Election settled
in Favor of the Republican
Congrexxman.

WASHINGTON. Feb. a.-The Repuhli-
can majority was increased today when
the house unseated Plowman. Democrat
from Alabama. and gave the seat TO AID
rich. Republican. This was the first con-
tested election case decided by the present
house against the present sitting member
The vote Was taken upon the substitute
resolution offered by the minority. which
declared that Piewman was entitled 10 the
seat. The resolution was voted down
ial 10 li5.
Bailey, Democrat. Of Texas. demanded a
division on the majority resolution. The
first. declaring Piowman not entitled TO
the seat. was adopted le9 to ia Party
lines were strictly drawn upon this vote
except in the case of Brownwell. Republi-
can. of Ohio, and Fowler. Republican. Of
New Jersey. who were present and did
not vote.
The second resolution declaring Aidrich
entitled TO the seat was adopted, i4s 10
ll2
Aldrich advanced TO the bar OF the house
and took the oath.
Previous TO reopenIng the debate a spe-
ciai deficiency bill was passed. carrying
S2oe,ooo for the payment of jurors fees In
the United States courts and si75oo0 for
witness fees.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-02-10

ashes thst jt. was before the Inauguration
q ire c1hine.. January !. Tais pla-ss
the letter. according IN the prevailing i'm
p-essso9. AS having been written about me
middle ct - enher - that :lme senior
Canase3as 5 kaawn 10 have been az Ha-
vara prosecuting MS mission
The handling ef the 7assls Is done by the
Spanish authorities. so tha' In this ease
tt Is believed tss- fhe loss % the letter
could criy n5 n ooe ot two ways. either
thro@sh the tfeacAery of an ortsriai OF me
postal service. oF by being aiken after IT
had reached me house where Senor Can
a1eiaE was stopping.
Tte effect q the letter on the future ~
Minister % Lone srouses interest His
service as minister has ro1y extended be-
sond sdrvs years ard he has been in
charge fhroushou' ths NEST zer.ous pAas-
es % she Cabaa camlllcs zen whea th-
censeryas.ye ministry fell gass autumn.
i waz generally supposed ihat Premier
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-02-10
More Than Thirty Companies to
Handle Alaska Business.
Carefully Prepared Statistics SHOW
Tint Next Month This City VIII To
in = Position to Handle 2l.a5O Pcs-
sengers and 1IO,.40 Tons Of
emincnce In the Alaska Trnnspor.
tation business Rest shown ny
Giving Facts and Figures About
Small Fleet sailing from por .lnnd.

In March. Seattle VIII be in a positsun
to transport monthly TO Alaska aiaSo pas-
sengers and lios4a tons of freight. Shs
Will have. steaming. towing and sailing
IN and out of her busy harbor forty-two
steamers and twenty-four sailing craft
and harges. with an aggregate carrying
capacity OF i2.i1a passengers and as,3s0
tons. These will average two trips q
mcnth The operations of this great Alas
ka feet viii be directed by over thirty
companies. all having their head offiees
in this city. This estimate takes account
only Of vessels in actual operation or
which have had their sailing dates fixed
and the sale of passenger and freigat
space has begun.
Itself on the fact that seven steamers viii
run from there 10 Alaska this season. with
a carrying capacity of 1880 passengers and
CLEO tons OF freight. An idea of Seattle's
pre-emnencc In the Alaskan transporfa-
tion field is best gained by comparing
those figures with the i2.4Ta passengers
and $3.50 tons Of freight which represent
the carrying capacity of vessels handled
from here. Two steamships. the Australia.
recently chartered by the Pacific Coast
Steamship Company to make one OF its
excursion steamship Queen. are able 10
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-02-10
Spanish EiliSter Don DuPuy De Lonc.


capitals. as sufficient <rauod for tie ter
fHlnAtioa Of the o1jcial status q tae letter
writer
AS soon as tae let,sr appeared in The
press the state department officials began
an effort 80 ses'le SIS authentieity. ANA
when i; had learned an thar could ae s,-
velopea or the polnt eua had bcen ,eld
faa; the minister himself refused 10 asay
writing il. the consideration q tas next
sep began. Assistant Secretary Day was
in consultation with tnc president on ,he
subject 8; least four tsaaes dn-tug tne Off
c.al aAy. and shen spent ruuca time Ira
framing his ressage to United States II ~
istez wcoafori az MADRID me oH4eial
sta,srneu; 81 the sending of thss rnessags
was accompanied by seelaatlor re iras-
cate SIS eoatents a. fsis time the DEPART
meat r-erelx elysas % she press ths fos-
low1ae statement,
Minister ne E.arne dnes ~, DENY wr.s-
irg Tn. letter. TEass depart uasnr hzs cssr,,-
nunseakea wgsa Gen. Woa8fega on the
SUBJECT UE.A sAss eau.ssaa4c 4s.ez se.xa-
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-02-10
FRITZ'S FABULOUS FIND.
Behusen says Ne Picked Up S5osvub
In One Day in n New Aims
LH Creek.

Special Dispatch 10 the Post-ia;eiiigepesr.
VANCOUVER b. C.. seb. "A fabu-
ious fnd ls recorded today on 81 unknown
creek on the American side IN The Yukon
territory. Fritz Behnsen. CT Victoria II.
G.. writes 20 his brother. Carl BeanseH;
"We have s1ruck II rich or an unknown
creek across the border. never tNsore seer
by man. In the crevic~s Of the rocks in
one day ne picked up sa@g ia coarse gold.
sell your business or gle 81 away. and
,esrre quick with ten msn.
The Behusens haye large 3gsinea5 inter-
ests here aud are thoroughly reliable The
news has spread ike wIi3dse. a.sd VII re-
suit In a stampede 10 the American a'ae as
soon as tbs locality ef nc ind can be as
certafne1