davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1898-01-06
Crimes and Criminals.


A telephone message from Glendora,
two men was captured by a moh this
morning. hanged by the heels and
burned to death in that posture.
The wife of Jacob Peyer, who had
quarleled With her husband at Park
River. y. D.. poisoned her four little
chilren with strychine and then took
poison herself. All are dead.
Men who plotted to kidnap DR.. T. D.
Porter. a wealthy citizen and eN-mayor
of Memphis in order to force him to
sign Il check for $4,000, are prisoners
at police headquarters in that city.
Mack Clayton and Jefferson Parks,
both of the Upper Alton, near Cincin-
natl, fought Il duel ut the latter's home
last evening over Il woman. Clayton
used a pistol and Parks Il knife. Both
will die.
Herman +. Dale. a young man of
good family and member of fire in
Sullncc firm, committed suicide at his
home i ia fashionable apartment
house in Grammercy square, New
York. by swallowing carbolic acid.
Fred Talstetl. well-known young
farmer Of CreSton, ILL.,, was murdered
by Edward Brown, Il former hired
man, who threw the body in the hog
pen. He then walked to Rochelle and
gave himself up. He said he killed
Talsted in self-defense.
Mary Z. Reynolds. who had been for
six years illegally drawing Il pension
at New York. was fined $1,000, which
she was unable to pay. A similar SEN
tence was given to William +. Vince
Ter, who was found guilty of being i'm
plicated in a pension fraud.
AS Il Christmas present. GOV. Pin
gree of Michigan pa1doned Henry
Howard, who. under the name Of far
Nv Dale. was convicted last May OF
criminally assrlating Maggie Leon
ard in Detroit ard sentenced to Jack
son for life. This action was re:onl-
NEEDED by the pardon board.
Foreign Noter.
The Russian government has entered
into communication with the govern
ment Of New South Wales. with the
object of procuring shipments Of meat
to Vladivostock.
The Vienna correspondent Of the
tiiC \~LCIIiH
made an attack on a German school
at WerschowitZ. Il suburb of Prague,
and began to dcmOlish the building.
The police fired upon the rioters, kill
ing one.
AS the Green gunhoat Actium was
leaving the gulf of Amhracia. Greece.
u shot was fired at her by the Turks
at Fort prevesa. on the north side o.
the entrance to the gulf. The Actium
and several other gunboats which
were following her were compelled to
return to their anchorage.
Personal Mention.
William Schoonlank. the consul-gcn
eral Of the Central American republics,
is dead at Berlin.
Moses +. Worthen. one of the leading
men of affairs in Passaic, n. j., died of
typhoid fever. aged sixty years. He
leaves an estate worth $1,O0O,0OO.
Henry l.. Hayward. editor of the
Longmont (Col.) Ledger. is dead. He
was 50 years of age and enjoyed the
distinction Of being the oldest editor
in Colorado.
". w. Andreys, an attorney and the
head Of one Of the most distinguished
families in the Western reserve. was
found dead in his chair in his office.
He had been afflicted with heart dis
ease.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1898-01-06

also III the BraltnWllte case 1nVOlV-
ing 81 800, and in the case of Bank VS..
Hyde.
State Game Warden Bowers of Far
go was presented with a handsome
gold watch and chain and Il beautiful
charm set with diomonds, as Christ
mas present from the deputy game
wardens of the state.
The closing of the bank at Pelnbna
ties up $4,000 of equity funds secured
by bond-and the county treasurer has
other funds sufficient to conduct
county business.
r. ]. Love Of Page, has been dis
charged from the Cass county Jail hav-
ing served 100 days for contempt Of
court in violating an injunclional or
der issued by the district judge en-
joining him from selling liquor.
The military reservation near Devils
Lake is in charge of Il custodian in
structed to prevent the stealing OF
wood and who is also engaged in I'M
der-brushing the grounds between the
encampment grounds and the lake
front
John Irwin a well-to-do farmer re-
siding in Grand Halbor was kicked
by horse and died from his injuries.
About $4,000 acres of land in North
Dakota belonging to the estate OF j.
w. Pence of Minneapolis will be sold
soon.
Colonel Lounsbcrry, state represent
alive of North Dakota at the Omaha
exposition. wants the picture of the
handsomest women in North Dakota
from which to make Il medal to com
memorate the state.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1898-08-06
BUSINESS LOCALS.

For good Butter, Cheese and Eggs
go to Masonic Temple Fruit Store
Edgar Henriques.
We will sell for cash for one
month only, 81 pants for Is, $25
suits for $18. No humbug, come and
see for yourself. Medeiros d Decker,
Lincoln Block, King Street.
Don't forget to call on s. E. Lucas
If you need good spectacle, to suit
your eyes. He has all kinds and all
prices, and will examine your eyes
free. Call and see him at the Love
Building on Fort Street.
The California Fruit Market has
received the choicest of ice house
goods by the Alameda; Cherries,
Peaches, Plums, Apricots, Oysters,
Fish and the best OF delicacies as
we'll as staple goods. Telephone 37S.
PER MOANA--Cherries, Plums,
Peaches, Apricots, Rhubarb, Aspara-
gus, Celery, CauliAower, Gooseber-
ries, Fresh Salmon, Crabs, Found
ers, Frozen Oysters, Tin and shelly,
Apples, Grapes, Oranges, Figs,
Lemons, Sweet Potatoes, Burbank
Potatoes, Fine Olive Oil, Dry Fruit,
New Crop of Nuts, Raisins, etc., etc.
CALIFORNIA FRUIT MARKET,
Tel. 1873.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1898-08-06
HAIL COLUMBIA.
WORDS BY JUDGE HopKINssoN.

WOhbo - opONH aOA hAkfppONs
Tune: The Presidents March, 1898.
HALL Columbia, happy landl
Hail ye heroes, heaven.born band,
Who fought and bled in freedoms
cause,
And when the storm OF war was
gone,
Enjoyed the peace your valor won;
Let Independence be your boast,
Ever mindful what it cost,
Ever grateful for the prize,
Let its altar reach the skies.
Chorus:
Firm, united, let us be,
Rallying round our liberty,
As band of brothers Joined,
Peace and safety we shall find.
Immortal patriots! rise once morel
Defend your rights, defend your
shore;
Let no rude foe with impious hands,
Invade the shrine where sacred lies,
OF toll and blood the well-earned
prize,
While Offering peace, sincere and
just,
In heav'n we place manly trust,
That truth and justice may prevail,
And every scheme of bondage fail!
CHo.: Firm, united, etc.
Sound, sound the trump of fame
Let Washington's great name
Ring through the world with loud
applausel
Let every cline to freedom dear,
Listen with joyful ear:
With equal skill, with steady power,
He governs in the fearful hour
OF horrid war, or guides with ease,
The happier time of honest peace.
CHo.:-Firm, united, etc.
Behold the chief, who now COM
mands,
Once more to serve his country
stands,
The rock on which the storm will
The rock on which the storm will
beatl
But armed in virtue, firm and true,
His hopes are fixed on Heaven and
you;
When hope was sinking in dismay,
When gloom obscured Columbia's
day,
His steady mind, from changes free,
Resolved on death or Liberty.
CHo.: -Firm, united, etc.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1898-08-06
The Old Government.

w. G. Peacock 81 Co. Ltd. are
agents for the celebrated cold Gov
eminent" Whisky, which is pro-
nounced perfection by all connois-
seurs. 1t is served in the Royal
where the boys drink it and think of
the "Old Government" under the
Unicorn and Lion.
In the Pacific the perfection whisky
will remind the "Boys in Blue" of
their glorious, Great Republic, and
in the Cosmopolitan, tears will be
shed when "Old Government" is
poured out in honor Of the Emerald
Island.
Here we go boys! Take another
sip OF "Old Government" whisky.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1898-08-06
COFFEES

Some are cheap now. Cheap
cereal adulterated coffees are
very plentiful and are forcing
down the prices of the old
Kona product, especially the
medium and lower grades
with which they compete.
The higher grades of Isl
and coffees have declined a
little in sympathy.
Our customers are the first
to benefit by reductions.
Fine coffees are scarce and
no reductions can be made in
their prices.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1898-08-06
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

THE UNDERSIGNED HAS THIS DAY
IL been appointed Executor of the last
WIN and Testament OF Halo, k, a copy
whereof is. annexed, OF the Estate OF
Halo, X, deceased, of Waimea, Kauai,
and all creditors are hereby notified to
present their claims duly authenticated
ana WIN proper vouchers, il any exist,
or otherwise to the under named person at
MS residence at Waimea, Kauai, within
SIX months from date or be forever barred
and all PEE sons indebted to the said
estate are requested to make immediate
payment OF said indebtedness to the un-
dersigned.
Dated at Waimea, Kauai. July q, 1893.
J. A. .AKINA,
Executor of the Estate OF Halo, de-
ceased. 939-4t oaw
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1898-08-06
FOR SALE OR LEASE.

A FIRST GLASS RESTAURANT IN A
"A good central position; thoroughly
furnished and equipped for business, and
doing a good trade.
For particulars apply 10
"a, j. X. MILLS,
sll-u Cor. Merchant and Alakea sts.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1898-08-06
Seattle Beer.

This ever popular Rainier Beer is
becoming household word and
"will you have a glass of Seattle"
is more often heard than anything
else. The Criterion Saloon have this
beer on tap or in bottles.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1898-08-06
No Flies On the ." Anchor"

Manager William Carlyle with his
able assistant Charlie Andrews is
still to be found behind the oak at
this favorite saloon. The celebrated
Seattle Beer is always on tap, in
addition to choice and seductive
selection of famous liquors. Do not
fail to take pull at the "Anchor."
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1898-08-06
NOTICE

is HEREBY, GIVEN THAT FROM AND
l. after this date Mr.. o. Stillman has no
further authority to collect for and ON be.
half of THE INDEPENDENT.
r. ]. TESLA,
Honolulu, Aug. |, 1898. Proprietor.
958-tf
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1898-08-06
NOTICE OF GUARDIANSHIP.

THE UNDERSIGNED HAVING BEEN
i appointed by the Circuit Court of the
First Judiciary Circuit, guardian of the
person and property of Joseph Kaloio, a
minor r. hereby gives notice that all moneys
said undersigned and to no other person,
and all Indebtedness on account of said
minor can only pc legally incurred upon
my written consent or order.
JAS. III. BOYD,
Guardian of the person and property of j..
Kaloio, b minor.
Honolulu. June 20, 1898.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1898-08-06
D.AVEY
Photographic Co. Ltd,
Corner Hotel and Fort SITS.
Corner Hotel and Fort SITS.

This Company is fully prepared to take
All work done by first-class workmen and
nothing but high class work executed
Portraits after Rembrandt and Bartolozzi
Mezzo tints. Sole proprietors of the Bas
Relief and Iridium processes. Mr.. Davey
gives personal attention to all sttjngs,
does not wish his patrons 70 take photo
graphs that are not entirely satisfactory.
We are prepared to make Groups at resi-
dences, fashIight or daylight. Copying and
Enlarging specially attended to. Life size
portraits made in oils on Porcelain finish
ed IN Water Color, Sepia or Crayon. We
have the largest and most artistic collec-
work, known as Life Size Paris Enamels,
the latest process in Photography, can be
seenat our Studio. Amateur printing
and developing done with neatness and
dispatch.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-11-26
UP VAN VYCK'S NEW WORK.

r,,.r sinco oIoction considerable interest has
hor fol, IN tho ruturc of cX-Justlcc Augustus
Van Wyck. The strongest opposition 10 HIS oe
coming Governor of New-York was not 'hco'''
patible with respect and liking for MS h'an! ""-
mirable personal qualities ana hes'rc W wv
him continue in prosperity and happiness -"
deed. nobody felt more strongly than ME- van
Wyck's political opponents the nara Treatment
which he received in being drafted by Ills P'i''
to lead II in n desperate situation nj me sa''
flee Of his own comfort and proht' he iai
been a minor Judge and. thanks 10 hep"o'.'
can Constitutional Convention. had peeh III
lowed 10 fill out his term in the supreme 'ou'''
He was sure Of Il nomination by his party ior
full term on the Supreme Bench. ana hao u"
excellent prospect of a triumphant elect'oh' III
stead he was called upon 10 make the race Ior
Governor and now finds himself in private HE
with the necessity Of building up new law
nractlce As the sole reward Of his devotion 70
his party.
II Is announced by "The Brooklyn Eagle
that that practice is to be resumed in Manhat-
tan. and that Mr.. Van Wycl will soon open an
Office here all by himself The fact that therc
are no more vacancies in tho Supreme Court IN
Rrooklvn till December. 1907. when Justice
Govnor rctires had given rise to some specu-
latlon as TO the possibility Of Mr. Van WycK
coming into this borough so that the Demo
cratic party might reward him FOR MS sacrlhcc
by judgcship without long delay BUT hc
Eagle" says that the Manhattan law ONCE VIII
not Interfere with Mr.. Van Wyck's residence in
BROOKLYN. and that there is no political signin-
cameo in his action since he viii simply carry
ON the practice Of the law with an office here
ood a houe I'm RrOolllVn lust as he did before
he was made a Judge of the City Court or
BROOKLYN.
Everybody will wish him the best success III
his new undertaking. and many will regret that
his campaign for the GovcrnOrShlp should nav"
deprived him Of the place where ne was Al
home and did good work. He was an upright
and capable judge, and his clients are sure io
find him an upright and capable counsel
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-11-26
WINDOW ~ MEMORY or WILLIAM SLOANE.

At the Thanksgiving service IN the Congrega-
At the Thanksgiving service In the Congrega lorai
Church in Briarcliff Manor n large and beautiful
stained glass window. representing Joseph and his
brethren. dedicated The window is the gift OF
Walter ". Law. and IL memorial ~ the late Will
lam Sloane, of New-Yorig with whom Mr.. Law
for many years associated In business. IN the
centre is large figure OF Joseph. while his brethren
arranged either side. Below three
scenes suggested by the Scripture narrative. and
above is some rich ornamental work in the Egyp-
tian style. The window Is the work OF the Tiffany
company. II fills the space in the south end OF
the church. and bears the following inscription:
Erected by Walter w Law In affectionate
membrane Of Will. Sloane OF Newly ork-iSl0-
H79-and OF Euphemla, his wife-lS0-lSS5" In spite
OF the storm a large congregation present at
the services among others Henry T. Sloane. Of
New York. son OF the late William Sloane and his
daughters. The preliminary service was conducted
by the Rev. DR.. Donald Sage Mackay OF Newark
the pastor the Rev: Alexander MacColl, preaching
the sermon and making the address and prayer OF
dedication.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-11-26
no COMPLICATIONS.

The Spanish Government is reported 10 nave
made or TO be about TO make. some ALTERNATIVE
offors To the United States Government pelolc
accounting the terms of peace proposed ny the
lottor That il entirely natural and not map
,,opriate 1t is especial what was to De en-
pcctcd from a nation like Spain. proud. ior'na'
and deliberate Doubtless the Spanish propose
,,ons will no courtpously considered, though not
necessarily at the expense Of much time mat
they will be courteously but most positively de'
cIined NAV be reckoned certain, II they accord
with the published forecasts.
One is that the United States shall increase
its indemnity. solatum or purchase price,
xxhchever II NAV be rega rded. from S2O.OOO,ooO
"a 500 600 600 1t has already been shown 'nat
the former sum IS. in the circumstances a gen
orous one There seems 70 be no more reason
for increa sing it fvefod than for decreasing II
10 ope-ffth Another proposition IS said 20 DE
that this country shall pay S50,000,O0O and take
all the Philippines except Mindanao which snail
he left TO Spain. From such an arrangement
nothing but dissatisfaction and trouble could re-
suit 4 division of the group between TWO
Powers with different forms OF government
different tariffs. etc. would he TO invite endless
friction and dissensiOn. Still worse would ne
tho third scheme reported. namely. for the
United States and Spain to exercise joint SOW
ereignty over tho Philippines. There are few
cases IN history in which dual control has not
ended in trouble In this case 1t would be con-
trarv TO the fundamental principles Of American
policy and to human nature itself.
No: whatever may be done in the case OF the
Philippines. this Government will doubtless see
10 il that it involves itself in no annoying COM
plications with other Powers. In taking over
the control Of the entire Philippine group no
such trouble would be- incurred. No European
or Asiatc Power is in the least inclined TO dis
pute our right TO such control. Indeed. most OF
the Powers are actually anxious that the United
States shall fake the islands. in order 10 avoid
the danger of European war over the islands.
We should go in freehanded and he able 10
come out again free handed if ever il should
seem desirable so 10 do. Such independence OF
action will doubtless he maintained by this
country in all its extensions of territory. and
any suggestions 10 the contrary will doubtless
be firmly rejected.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-11-26
THE EJN4NCES or FRANCE

| The vindication OF Justice and Of the civil
government Of the republic is the first task IN
hand in France. and il X being well performed
Close upon It will follow another. only less I'M
portant; TO wit. reform Of the nations finances.
The outlook is that the latter task will prove
far more tedious and difficult than the former
No remark about France is more common than
that IL Is the thriftlest and one Of the two or
three richest countries in the world. mat IS
quite true and yet seriously misleading. Inc
fact Is that with all its thrift and wealth
France Is all but overwhelmed with debts ana
taxes Is put 10 desperate straits to make the
ordinary budget balance. and would br much
embarrassed. In case Of war. to meet tn" ex-
traordinary expenses thus cntailcd
The French nation excited the wonder ana
admiration Of the world by the way In when
Il rallied from the prostration Of the Terrible
Year and paid the stupcndOus tribute cXacted
by Germany. Yes: but 1t did not free ltSelf
from burdens. The German garrisons depart
Cd but the debt remains. 1t amounts now TO
nearly $4,000 600 900 by far the largest ma
tional debt ever incurred by any country In the
world. In 1870 it was only little more than
one-third as large. Then II was not dlfncult
10 loan all the money that was needed. IL
would be far more difficult now. Indeed. II
would he n staggering task at the present time
TO raise loan sufficient 10 meet the necess'-
ties Of war Doubtless the means would In
some way be forthcoming. were the honor or
security OF the Fathcrland at stake. But the
difficulties in prospect arc sufficient TO act as
a powerful incentive to the preservation or
peace
The actual embarrassment OF the Treasury IS
made evident in almost every budget. More
than one-third- 36.5 per cent-of the total rcve-
nue. must he SGT aside for the service oi me
debt In Great Britain the debt service Is less
than one-fourth "a per ccnt-of the revenue.
In Germany It is only per cent. Those coun-
tries can therefore make larger appropriations
for army and navy than France or can make
equal appropriations far more easily. Nor docs
there seem be any room for material IN
crease OF the tota! revenue In France All
ordinary sources OF revenue are now taxed to
the utmost endurable limit and tho Finance
Minister Is driven TO all conceivable shifts.
Some radical reform of tho whole financial sys-
tenn of the nation seems desirable. How II Is
to he effected is the problem that confrontS the
nation. Perhaps VI. Dupuy W i'll he able 10 deal
with H. The man who. when Anarchis. bombs
were hurting through the air and exploding
before his eyes. could calmly say. -The Cham
her will remain In session. is not the man TO
shrl; any task.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-11-26
pOLYGAMY " CONGRESS-.

The case Of Mr.. Roberts. the polygamist Con-
gresham elect from Utah. is arousing good
deal of interes-. and before II is settled ii may
involve questions Of considerable Importance.
There is talk Of attempting 10 deprive Mr. Rob
elts Of his seat in the House of Representatives,
on the ground that he persists IL maintaining
marital relations in fragrant defiance of the
laws Of the United States and OF Utah. In be
half Of Mr.. Roberts defence is made that he has
not contracted any polygamous marriage In
disohedience 20 the law With which Utah was
permitted TO join the Cnion but that he had
previously contracted obligations which he is in
duty bound TO fulfil. and that he should be
praised rather than blamed for this good faith
10 the women he had attached TO himself.
However plausible this excuse may be- il Ger
tainly does not square Mr.. Robertss conduct
with the Edmunds law. which compelled an end
70 polygamous connections or with the guarau
tees given by Utah at admission. that the State
would never sanction the continuance or re-
sumption Of poygamy within It's borders. Mr.
Roberts, we believe. has admittedly continued
In polygamy, and whatever he may think OF his
moral Obligations TO his wives certainly he Is a
living violation Of Utah's compact with the rest
Of the Union. and IN permitting him 10 continue
in polygamy, much more in sending an open
pOlygainist 10 represent her In Washington,
Utah repudiates her bargain and does what
many AZ the time OF her admission predicted she
would do, falls backs on her sovereign rights as
a State and deiies Congress To compel her 10 act
against poygamy. Her attitude is not much
different from that OF some Southern States
concerning the rights OF the negroes. After the
war they made plenty Of promises TO respect
negro rights. but with their State governments
running they are able 10 ask. What are you
going 10 do about liz" whenever anybody COM
plains that they do not keep their promises.
The Teieral Government perhaps has the power
20 enforce the guarantees. bu' any attempt 10 do
II except directly for the maintenance of Fed
craI law would create so much opposition every
where that no serious movement in that direc-
ton is likely To be- undertaken. Even exercise
bv Congress az IT'S undoubtcd RICH, 10 reduce The
representation Of States which deprive negroes
OF suffrage would be most difficult 10 secure.
Similarly in the case Of Utah is the Federal
Government likely 10 br exceedingly slow in
attempting to enforce municipal law within the
limits Of State. even though that law is one
which the State has promised to enforce one
Of the conditions Of it's admission.
On the other hand the admission into the
House Of Representatives of a confessed polyg-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-11-26
amnSemenfs


ACADEMY OF MCsIC-2-s:i5-Sporting Life:
AMERICAN THEATaE-2-s: Chimes OF Non'anoF'
RIJOv TiEATRE>-2cO siS-kate Kip. BUYER
BROADWAY -S:l5-The Jolly Mnske,eeI.
CARNEGIE HAL1-s:i5-Pniharmonic Socey OF Ne"
York.
CASiNO--2-e-A Dangerous Maid
DALYS -S:l0-Merchant OF venice, 81.
EDEN MUsEE--wax Works Grand Concert ana O"c
inatoSraph $500
EMPIRE THEATRE l5-s :eorhe LIARS ,,.,
FIFTH AVENUE THEATRE-2-S.lO-A hnna"a HI.
totRrtsESTH STRDET THEATRE-S-The Village
Poetmas;er 4, ,xoxao
GARDEN tn rATRE-2-1: lS-Cyrano De Berserac'
GARRICK THEATRE-2:iS- Sill atherln,e s.
GRAND CENTRAL. PAI.ACE--Worlo's snake cno"
GRAND OPERA HOySE-.2-s-In Old kentncky
HARLEM OPERA HOUSES :cO-The Old Homestead.
HERALD SQUARE THEATRF-2ia-s;'n-ho iopss
IRVING PLACE THEATRE Sim w.ssen Eoessi'
KEITHs-a:3o 10 II Continuous ferlo,nano ,r,
KNIcK ERBOCKER NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Mil
ROSTER 4 RIAIiS-c-S-vaudeville -
LYCEJM THEATRE-2-s-Trelaw of tne Wene
MADISON SQUARE THEATRE-2-s:30-O and ON
MURRAY HILL THEATRE IS lS-The silver Nlrs 81,
NATIONAL. ACADEMY OF DEsIGN-Exhioton OF y"
Paintings -
PASTOR So - u 7 n,-Tardsvi,. ,u.
WAII.aCK's THEATRES: i3-ingonhr