davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The age-herald., 1898-03-27

The launching of two batteships and the purchases that this government has re- gently made easily place the United States at the head of the second-cass; and the provision in the new naval appropriation bill for three first-class battleships, six torpedo-boat destroyers, six torpedo boats, a lake gunboat and five new dry docks, will be apt to keep this country at the head of tts class.
 Spain belongs, with Austria, in the third class and no purchases she can make will take her out of that class. She is stronger than the United States in only one respect fin armored cruisers of the ViZcaya pat tern-vessels that are reasonably swift and yet reasonably strong. Such vessels can not fight battleships, but they can fight tributions from some unprotected town a very desirable type of vessel in fact, and one this country is somewhat deficient in In the event of war Spain will have to show more skill and bravery in sea war fare than she has ever displayed against the Ango-Saxon or any one else, or her Vizcaya and Almerante oquendo and Emperado Carlos V. will acquire new names and new flag. They are just the ships this country need in order to round out her navy,
The age-herald., 1898-03-27
TELEPHONE CALLS.

6uslhess ohee... ...Z3O Editorial Rooms..... ... ... ... ... ... ...2S1
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06
AGRICULTURE.
SOIL FERTILITY.

Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
In a recent communication to the
American Chemical Society, Lad d, of
NORTH D4kota, discusses the subject OF
humus in the soil and some OF it's rela.
tions to soil fertility. After eight years
of as close work es other pressing
duties have allowed for this work he
is able only to give some indications Of
general principles to show where future
work must begin.
But these ''indications" seem rather
pointed. They seem to show some.
thing which the practical, thoughtful
agriculturist can turn to account with
out waiting for the scientist to complete
his long, detailed ana erdUous tasks.
The enaIyees show percentages rang
i1g from 8 84 10 1926 with an average
Of 915 for numus Sc to 80 with
an average of AT humates Total
nitrogen O.18 20 O.456, average 0 292 of
VIII ca 0 O41 60 0 1862, average 0 163 per
cent. was IN humus. PhosphoTio acid
averaged 0 269 per cent. with o 1873 per
cent. in humus. Potash averaged 0 400
per cent. with O153 per cent. in humus,
and of lime there was an average Of
0 944 per cent. with 0 436 per cent. in
humus.
Thess small percentages represent
amounts in the soil. Ten
inches of soil were represented and
this amount was collected to weigh g.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

Consul General Gowdy makes the
following report to the s a.e Depart
Enent under date of Novemb be- 81 con
cerniOg the import8.I .Ion of live stock
into FIcnce: There are no Laws or
regulations which prohibit the impCr
tation Of live hogs into France from
tEe Unired S sates; but the importation
Of live cattle, such as COVE, bulls or
steers from the latter country is abso
luiely prohibited. Animals which are
imported, ara upon arrival subjected
70 a sanitary examination by one Of
the cffi cial veterinary surgeons detailed
for the purpose, and if f0n1d healthy
are allowed to enter the country; but
il any contagious disease is detected,
the animal is killed at once and the
rest Of the herd put under strict sur
veilIaDoA- The duty on hege ia 9 1
cents per pound; sgcking pigs weigh
ing 55 pounds a1d under, 81 9 cents
per head. have been told by coed
authority that there have not been as
many hogs raised in France this year
as last. The sanitary inspection is for
the purpose Of discovs ring if tha chi
mails are suffering, principally from
the following diseases: AphEoe fever,
rouget, Infectious pneumo-enteritis. II
they have the aphtoe fever they are
sent to the slaughter house end kilt
for immediate use. In case OF their
being attacked with the two other dis
eases they are also sent at Cnce to the
slaughter house, but are not allow ed TO
30 sold for consumption unless tie
sanitary Inspector is sati fed thas
there would be no danger from the use
of the meat. Suspected animals or
those which have been in contact with
sick animals are mar ked and rejected
and must be sent out of the country
unless the importer prefers that they
be immediately killed and s2ld. The
production and the consumption of all
live animals in Fcauc5 this year are
very near balanced, with the exception
of sheep. There is more demand for
these animals than any other live
stock"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06
STORING 1cz..-A REMINDER.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
4 reminder OF the Importance OF
storing ice on the farm will be in order
at any time during the fall and winter
months, yet an early hint is better
than late one as it gives the farmer
opportunity to put his ice house IN or
der if he has one; to build one if he has
none and in either case to secure non
conducting material, such as saw dust
or tan bark for packing the ice, If
located where either or 10th are con-
venien5ly obtained. But a late re
minder is b9tter than nCn9.
An ice house naed not be an eXpen,
eive construction. In fact any rude
bull 3.n& N ~ q Of rough boards will an-
swer the purpose. Good draining Uust
b9 provided Tor, also good ventilation.
The QGain must net admit a current OF
air TO the lana. There must be a good
foundation, or beG on the lower layer
Of ice is to rest an3 it should be GOV
cred with non contuctirg material.
1t is better 70 build carry, before cold
weather gets H.. yet it can be built at
any time. The ice can even be put IN
3 pile, on q proper foundation or bed,
and a house put over il at convenience.
An old hay bay or shed can be utilized
for ice storage. In an emergency ice
can be kept without any kind Of a
building over it. In sections OF the
country where lumber is scarce end
high in price and nay is plenty and
worth bu5 little. the walls Of ice houses
have been made of pressed hay.
Do not fail to secure ice for family
and dairy use.
f. W. MosELEY.
Clinton, Iowa.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06
SPRCIAE- TO THE MAN
WHOSE NAME IS ON TAE
RED SLIP ABOVE.

The PROGRESSIVE FARMER. as you
know, gives more actual home print
reading matter for 81 than any other
North Carolina paper. It costs lot
of money to run such paper and 1t is
expecsed that all subscribers will re-
new promptly. Hence we hope you
will look a. the date On your label and
i it is behind the date ot this issue,
SEssse renew az Gnce; allG In future also
you will greatly oblige us by renewing
Immediately upon expiration Of sub
scription.
a nice wsy TO pay your own sub
scrip. ion aud at the same time make
other families b7ppy by the weekly
visits Of The PROGRESSIVE FARMER IS
this: Sand US IS II rev subscriptions
and We viii reuew your subscription
for one year. II Gums lGss than SIS we
will move up the 6a-N on your label
two mo1-ls for cac2 81 il new sub
scriDCous. 50 So IN new subscriptions
Will rove Up the date o" your label SIX
moz.h=. But there is not, we believe
a commLui-v in North Carolina where
it l. iup0 ssiole tn get five neV slb
scr bers Tor THE PROGRESSIVE FARMER
Aud while y-u are BOau5 IL, why not
ger Z new subscribers-5 20 renew your
own su05cr.pfion and with the other
two NIKE your wife a present OF a
years sub=cT.psion 80 the Gentlewo
man2 Pleare attend co this matter, t1r
though Gae .um due ua is small, it is,yOu
remember, the "smslI things in life
that count" And again, and finally,
let Us hear from you.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

Analyses of two soils is given of
v7hjch one has been cropped continu-
oUsly for seventeen years whilst the
other was rom an unbroken prairie
lying near the CID worn soil, and orig
inally the same. A study Of the per
censsges would enable 10 one to dis
tirfu'sh between them and tell which
was the virgin SOIL from the one be
ginning to fail in yield OF crop.
An examination of the soil hunnus
was then made With results as follows:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06
No. A.

accuracy and the three recognized
essential ingredients Of plant food,
phoeph0ric acid, potash, and nitrogen,
areapplied in various combinations and
forms 80 as to afford farmers and fruit
growers an opportunity TO become
thoroughly familiar with their action.
The detailed work of that In tituGion is
under the supervision Of trained ex.
perts. Regular annual reports giving
an account Of what has been done DUR
ing the year are issued and distributed
among farmers. The supervising com.
nit tee of the farm also issue bulletins
on topics OF interest 20 farmers, and
give them to all who are interested.
The writer recently received q get OF
these booKs from the Superintendent
o. che Experimental Farm st Southern
Pines, North Carolina. and 1021G them
to De Of great pTGc Jcal velue.
The work being carried on at this
farm is probably the most thorough in
this line in the United States and will
be OF untold value to the agricultural
and horticuLtu al world Every one
who derives a living from Jiliiug the
soil, would do well to study the work
Of this experimental farm a1d likewise
Of every other experiment station in
this country.
BRYAN TYSON.
49, 90 ny ~
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06
RALEIGH, N. c., DECEMBER 6, 1898.

design. American manufacturers iu
this line have obtained the market BIZ
the readiness with which they have
met the special requirements of the
Scotch farmer. TIE American reaper
IN Scotland was failure at first, as the
blade was too light and the canvases
were not properly adjusted for the
heavy stands of barley and the thick
young grass soWed amopg it. No
sooner were these defects-from the
Scotch point Of view-agcett taiued,
than a heavier blade was introduced
ard soon the American self binder held
the market, TIE chilled pl0w was not
at first suited 10 the Scotch. they
prefer narrow furrow and do nos
deem It good plan TO throw the fur
Tow over; they visa rath ( to SET ii on
e5ga. The plow wa9 changed TO meet
their ideas with tho resul5 that the
American plow has gained general
favor. Owing TO thu rank growth anu
humid atmosphere, Aneric8u farm ma
C1ine1y OF nearly every description has
baa 70 re altered In some important
respect but manufacturers have been
quLcG to make the necessary changes
aud their e. terpris9 has been abund-
anGly rewarded
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06
EXPERIMENT FARMING.

Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
The beginner in every trade or pro
fession is compelled to draw his wis
dom from the accumated experiences
of others. These experiences are tabu
lated and published in convenient
ferns for students of ali kinds. Young
lawyers with their first case consult
standard law books and learn just
what has been done under similar Cir
cumstances. Medical students at the
beginning of their professional career
have before them in convenient forms
"a guide the experiences Of the worlds
40 it is in all the sO.called LEANED"
professions. The profession of farm
ing, however, has been rather back
ward along these lines, and only dur.
ing the past few years have any great
strides been made. The establishment
Of agricultural colleges and expert
ment stations has led to wonderful i'm
pyovements and it is now considered
as necessary for q young man who ex-
pecGs to follow farming to receive a
training in the special schools of agri-
culture, as for the young doctor or
lawyer to go through the schools Of
medicine or jurisprudence.
Another gratifying evidence of the
elevation Of the profession of farming
is the tendency Of those who follow it
to ''epecialize." This is as it should be.
The range Of farming is broad, it CIV
ers many special lines. and the man
who concentrates, thus giving his time
and labor to a particular branch,
usually makes the best showing. This
fac5 is evidently recognized by the ex
pertinent stations because no one OF
these institutions attempts to deal
with all OF the problems which con-
fronts the general farmer. We see,
for example, one station dire citing its
main forts towards improvements in
dair ying matters. In another, variety
tests with fruits and vegetables absorb
the attention of the experts. While
another may concern itself with the
important problem Of plant feeding.
This is one OF the most serious questions
which confronts the farmer to day
how to feed his crops so as to get the
greatest returns from the smallest in
vestment. Prices Of agricultural prod
ucts are low, margins between the
profit end loss are almost indiscern-
able, and it requires no small amount
Of ability to put the balance On the
right eide Of the ledger.
An institution established about
three years ego TO work out important
problems in plant feeding and which is
now becoming we'll known throughout
the country is the Experiment Farm
OF the North Carolina State Horticul-
tural Society at Southern Pines, North
Carolina, The land upon which the
farm is located is ideal for expert
mental work. It is of a light sandy
nature, very uniform in composition
and quite level. There are two diVis-
ions, one devoted to experiments with
fruits and the other to vegetables. The
plots are laid off with mathematical
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

In roofing farm buildings, a good
pitch or slant to the roof is always de.
sirable. Not only will snow slide eff
much easier, but water will rua eff
quicker and the Roof will Withstand
leaking longer. II @ roof hes g steep
pitch, it may even be full Of little
holes and yet noE lea; at Ieass it wll
Leak only waere q particle Of rain falls
cleao through the hclas, without touch
lag the ah ngles, which is but eligh5.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

The Savannah News states that re-
ports from many sections Of GsargiB
indicate that there Will be a material
decrease in next years cotton acreage.
Farmers are much discouraged with
the returns from cotton and are lock
ing abcut for other crops so take iss
place. They say they cannot raise
cent cotton and live at home. An i'm
mense acreage of wheat, corn pota
toes, hay and cane will take the place
of the so.called money crop. North
Carolina farmers should do likewise.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

Fails can go for months without
drinking water, and get live ana scem
healthy; but they suffer greatly. a
hen never hss look OF such content
ment es when she throws back her
had to le5 tha water tcickle down her
threat. Mark how a hen coming eff
eggs will run for water 10 the cisre
gard Of tood. To laying hen wafer
Is especially necessary, as eggs ere
over 80 per cent. pure water.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

Making the fowls exercise is a prac
ties IN general use among successful
poultry raisers. No matter how deep
the litter or trash may be, the bird.
viii fnd every grain thrown into ii.
They can be seen scratching it over
and working in it for hours after feed.
This is just what they need, especially
during cold weather.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06
sUCCE ssFUL FARMING:
Dairying Tobacco Raising --- otton,
Corn, Peanuts.
BRYAN TYSON.
Long Leaf, N. @.

Dairying Tobacco Raising --- Cotton,
Cora, Peanuts.
Mr.. T. P. Braswell he's an excellent
dairy farm near BattIeb7ro Station, N.
O, about eight miles from R1cky
Mount. Commencing in 1883 with
few scrub cattle, he conceived the idea
of grating them up with thoroughbred
Jerseys, but at that time bic sole idea
was to keep cattle for the value OF the
manurial product, aud with no thought
Of any profit from them except for the
manure and occasionally beef aogd.
After expert for three or
four years he found that the bust.
ness was not as profitable as he had ex.
pected, as the higher he graded his cat
tie the more attention they required.
With much misgiving he concluded
to make few pounds Of butter and
Cffer it to merchants. His first attempt
proved SO successful that he began to
think even suc1 heretofore considered
small things as milk and cut er might
be made 70 return good, large dollars
to him who managed them ariRht. In
less than ten years he has built up
such trade that the present output
Of the tarm, amounting to about LOCO
pounds month, does not haf supply
the demand, He has 900 head Of cattle,
OF which fifty are registered Jerseys
and the remainder ''grade" Jerseys, in
many cases almost as good as tie
thor0ughbreds for milking purposes.
The dairy has separators, power
churns, etc. Steam power can be ap-
piled at any time, but nov Mr. Bras
we'll uses the surplus energy ofhis bulls
in a treadmill to generate the necessary
power of the dairy machinery.
The surplus milk is fed 10 his thor
oughbred Poland China hogs, Of which
he has quantity, and Plymouth Rock
chickens and broE z9 turkeys can be
seen in large f)cks over the farm.
Mr.. Braswell is not simply dairy.
man by any means. He is the largest
land owner and tax payer in the county.
He has large real estate interests, and
he is a member of the leaf tobacco firm
of j. O. BrasWell & Co. H9 raises the
largest acreage of tobacco Of anyone in
this section of North Carolina, if not in
the State, having the past year planted
200 acres, and has already sold nearly
IS 600 worth at the Rocky Mount mar
ket and has large quantity yet for
sale. It takes sixty barns to cure the
product of his farms. Not alone tobacco,
but cotton, corn, peanuts and hay are
largely produced, aud each one is made
to pay a profit. Last year one piece Of
ground netted bale and one quarter
OF cotton to the acre and this year,
though a bad season, the same ground
yielded one bale TO the acre.
The success Of these gentlemen IN
their several lines shovs whas perse-
vering, thoughtful Tork can arc7mp-
lish in the South.-Balgiaoore Farm
Magazine.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

The amount of humus originally IN
the soil was exceptionally low for
North Darolina soil, but by continuous
81 topping it has been reduced thirty
niue per cent, while the nitrogen OF
the humus has been reduced fifty six
per cent, leaving so small an amount of
humus and Of nitrogen in the humates
that it is questionable whether the soil
would supply proper food for the
growing crop. We fed similar condi-
tioDe, but to g less marked degree in
the oyher mineral constituents Of the
soil"
On the relation Of mineral matter to
humus it was found that the soil on
the college farm after producing wheat
Is years continuously contained 1875 coo
pounds Of mineral matter in the hu-
mates whilst In the surrounding un-
broken prairie the average given was
218 coo pounds, thus indicating loss
Of 90 600 pounds or o. 42 2 per c-nt." 5"
In another case figures are given to
show a stocking up Of the soil in humua
and Of F. O5 In hunate5 by a system
Of rotation OF crops on the college farm
following the continuous growth of
wheat for Is years. From 1891 to 1898
humug gained 46 per cent. and ''Ghe
gain Of phosphoric acid in the form Of
hunaates has been 48 per cent"
This shows, perhaps, why continu
GUS cropping runs down soil in the
best elements of plant food when the
demands for the growth of one crop
must be met; and how with a varla
ton of the demands interspersed with
recuperative crops such as clover, the
cowpea and other legumes or even Of
rye when others fail the soil may be
reasonably expected to increase in ele-
ments of plant food and at the same
time become more productive.
This is supporting all cur practical
experience that whatever we do at net
too great a cost to increase the organic
constituents in our soils the better, and
that it is suicidal to continue one crop,
or any series of crops calling for con
Uinuous drafts on the soil without some
attempts at replacing some clements
systematically and cheaply. This can
best BE- done by rotating crops suitable
to the locality and season when the
land is best spared from crops. Where
cotton and corn ere the crops, winter
gro wing improvers enter the rotation.
Vita winter, growing crops, summer
growing legumes as the cowpea are iE-
Qicatcd
This idea is of very great practical
Impotence end the above is worthy Of
careful study and putting it's indica-
tion into practice on every farm.
FRANK E, EMERY.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

The export trade of the United States
with the United Kingdom is steadily
increasing. According to the British
official figures just received at the
Treasury Department, in nearly all Of
the great classes Of goods for which our
producers are seeking a market abroad,
the October exports to Great Britain
from the United States, were in excess
of those Of preceding years. In agri-
cultural products this is particularly
noticeable. American exports Of bacon
to the United Kiagdom il Ootoher,
1898, were, in round num- Oere, % 359,
900 in value against 81 8l9. 92O IN o.
to0er, 1897; those Of hams were 81 518,-
600 in O31obar, 1898 ageias5 1888 600 IN
October of last year; those OF bu5rer,
$40, 900 IN October, 1898, 8gaIl 81 $153,
600 N O stob2r, 1897; these OF LARD, 81,
O30 coo IL O3tooer 1898, asains5 1888,
600 in October, 1897; those OF four, So
300, 600 10 October, 1898, sgains5 So
6O8 coo in October, 1897; those Of Gets
1894, 900 against S618 600; thoee of
leather, 81 373 900 against 1915. 600, etc
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

me n A. H0ruculturist is respon
sloie for me t9Hoging: Some soils
seem 20 .aeE iron and 1t l. said that
any 5o1, az Ua5o much be5ter for hy-
Gra1ge1s1E 5r.1 In eonB form be placed
near lie E.o'- Psca 8 piece of OLD iron
ID me p2T "ll cur plant, ana you
vii fad m.ge blossoms aud a beJSer
color bgsida.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

Best laying aud best marketing quail
Ties cannot be combined. The active,
nervous breeds, which are constantly
IoragIng and which will scratch for
hours after worms, make the best
layers. The best market fowls are less
active and take on fash more rapidly.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

For keeping up the health and vigor
of an orchard manure composed Of
three parts of wood ashes and one part
of bone meal will be useful. II the
ashes cannot be obtained then a mix
ture of two parts muriate Of potash
and three of bone meal may be used to
advantage on most sOils.-SeleCted.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

A GO operative tnce~O1jge has besn
'1+E-sF-1 g. kcLmon3. Ind, for the
p1Fp,s- Of engaging in dairy ing, fruit
'u'.uSe aid grneraI agriculture. The
o7PI'a. stock Of the association is $1O,
ooO. one share, Of 500 ia allowed to
, Acn lnalYiduAl member. A tract of
-1no near Richmond has been pur-
n9Seu and creamery and a fruit
Farm is being established. Branches
- TINS eommendabIe enterprise, it is
' sa'eu' are about to be organized
throughout the South.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06
EDITORIAL NOTES.

Hon. Guy E. Mitchell, leading ag-
riculsuraI writer, now OF Washington,
d. Z VIII -c5 es social correspondent
OF The PROGRESSIVE FARMER, and to
hin We ase ind, ed for many Of the
agricultural notes published on this
page.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

American made agricultural machin-
cry, says Consul Fleming, to Edin
burg, is widely used on the farms Of
Scotland. Most kinds of machinery
for farm purposes manufactured in the
United States have long been preferred
there, on account of price, quality and
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1898-12-06

hTe sugar cane crop is reported as
exceptionally firm in number OF sec
tions Of Louisiana. but at present it ia
very green, owing to the heavy rain
during August, September and Oc-
tober. The old settlers predict an early
and severe winter for Louisiana;
should this be the case, it will hit the
planters a hard blow, as it will take
them until January 1st to move their
immense crop.-G. e. NJ, Oct. %, '9S.
When you write to advertisers please