The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-11-27
THE PHILIPPINE PROBLEM
rs TO TERRITORIAL EXPANSION
AND IMPERIALISM.
Manifest Destiny''-Infuence of the
Great Republic-Cause of the War
With Spain-Things to Be Consid--
cred In Connection With the Adj
ditions to Our Domain.

tefQay forenoon, composed lor lne
greater part of teachers and scholars
of that institution. His subject was
Imperialism, and dealt to some ex-
tent with the question of the DISPOSE
ton of the Philippines. The audience
was greatly interested.
In beginning the speaker defined i'm
perialism, and proceeded to show that
territorial expansion did not necessar-
lily lead to imperialism. The objections
TO territorial expansion which were
urged in the senate and by the oppo-
nents Of the treaty were referred TO and
answered. The speaker commended that
though Jefferson and other great states
men OF that time questioned the con-
Stituti0nality Of any measure which
added to the area of the republic, still
proper Interpretation Of that great.
instrument warranted the action OF the
senate and Of the government in taking
the various steps resulting in terri
torial expansion. The various acts of
annexation We're examined, and the at
titude of the various political parties
with respect to the same shown. There
can be no question as to the power of
the government to acquire new terri
tory if the righuulness of the act is to
be determined by precedent The same
\ question has been passed upon by the
z AiESL JQliCld1 IIlGuudl VI Tie COO4i-
try. AS early as the days Oh Chief JUS
tice Marshal, in the celebrated case of
the United States VS.. Canter LIST Peters,
the power of the federal government to
extend its area was eXhaustively treat
ed, and the conclusion reached that the
power to make treaties and declare
war involves the right to acquire ter
ritorial possessions and govern and
control the same. The various decis-
ions of the supreme court relative to
this subject were then discussed, and
the views of Webster and his contem-
poraries, who commended that the con-
stitution contemplated q republic Of
limited area only, and forbade in spirit,
if not in words, the admission of any
states, except such as might be carved
from territory ceded to the federal gov
eminent at the time of its organiza-
ton, were next considered by the
speaker, and he showed from the writ
ings Of some who participated in the
formation of the constitution and
others who exercised great. influence in
the destiny and growth of the republic
in its infancy, that such view was fall
laciouS and incompatible with the var
ious determinations of congress, the
adjudications of the courts and the best
thoughts of many of the ablest expo
nents Of the constitution. Our govern
ment is committed to the doctrine of
6AI9dIlSlOE. fTDIn InlTISGu
colonies it has grown to forty-fVe SOW
ereign states, and possesses territories
from which others may be formed. By
legislative enactment it has annexed,
in addition to Hawaiian islands, more
than three score of islands in the Pa
cific ocean and Caribbean sea. Its
growth has been natural and not
forced, and its expansion legitimate and
not as the result of a lust for power,
or prompted by ambitious design or a
sphit Of military despotism. The re
T&th Of the nation has not been reached
iE3lustrially, nor have the highest points
been attained numerically, or in those
great forces which make for a higher
civilization Neither has it reached the
limit Of growth territorially. There is
nothing in the letter or spirit Of the
constitution which narrows the sphere
of the republic to the present era of the
United States. The contention of those
writers who maintain that republics
cannot rule over vast areas and great
numbers are unsound. The speaker
then traced the history of colonial
growth in the nations of antiquity, as
well as in modern nations, and showed
the analogy between the genesis of an
imal life and Of nations. The develop
ment of colonies in Greece and Rome
was, in the language Of Grote, mot con-
tinuouS population, but by natural
fracture. Suc0. GO1OnlGS were
and were formed much as unicellular
organisms in the animal kingdom.
Phocae a city, reached a certain limit
and hiyed its surplus people, who
formed Sardinia. Sc it was the colo
nies of the ancient nations were units,
were states rather than a proper de-
velopmenf along the lines of national
growth. Carthage attempted to weld
800 cities. They were colonies without
strength; they were units without ma
tionalism; they were the results of
gemnation; eXudations from the parent
government and asexual in character.
The various kinds of colonies We're
then discussed, and the causes leading
to their formation. special attention
being given to those which resulted
from religious enthusiasm and those
implanted primarily for commercial
purposes. The spirit of modern colonial
Development was referred to, and the
advantages and disadvantages result
ing 10 those governments whose efforts
SSSre directed along the line of the es-
Enlistment of dependencies and coll
onies. Great Britain, with a population
OF 49, O00 600, has colonies possessing q
population of more than 322 600, coo.
France, with a population of $4,000, 900,
has colonies whose population aggre-
gates z0.O0O.00O, and Portugal, whose
population is 5000, 600, contains colonial
dependencies whose people number
more than 10000, 600. The great rivalry
between modern nations results more
or less from the policy of colonial ex-
pansiop. Russia is expanding, but not
establishing colonies. Italy's efforts to
found colonies in Africa has resulted in
disaster Germany is aggressive and
seeks for oriental aggrandizement, and
contends that national growth VIII be
augmented by increased territorial
area. The speaker referred to the great
burdens imposed upon the nations
which are developing colonies-the
standing armies required, the vast ma
Vies to be maintained. the great mill
tary power employed, and the beau
roeracy developed. Mr.. Bryce, the emf
nent English statesman, doubts wheth-
er the advantages resulting from Eng
lands great conquests have compen-
stated for the expenditures oceasioned
and the drafts made upon the empire
The colonies Of Great Britain, and es-
pecially in Australasia, have no diff
ferentiated tariffs, but open their marts
to the trade Of our republic, making
us the beneficiaries of their commerce
equally with the benefactions con-
ferred upon the mother country. IT is
not indispensably necessary for the
Possession of colonies TO obtain the
! ace of nations. Trade is q natural
o&Felopment, resulting from proper
coalitions 1t is not absolutely neees-
saly that our nation should possess
vast colonial possessions In order to OBJ
tain the trade Of the world. Our ex-
ports during the past fiscal year have
exceeded LOO, 600, 009-more than the
exports Of any other nation Of the
world, unless, perhaps, Great Britain.
From a small beginning we have grown
TO a powerful commercial nation and
without the possession of colonies orr
commerce is carried into every sea and