davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1898-03-18

ton. The legislative and executive
departments were organized, in the
main, on democratic lines. The Presi.
dent and members Of congress were
made elective and, more or less, direct
ly amenable to the people
in these particulars, and to this OK
tent, the cause Of democracy was til
unphant III the organization Of the
judicial department however. Federal
ism achieved decided advantage
This department was constructed on
Federalistic lines The judges, Of all
degrees, were made appointive with
lifa tenures ii office They were placed
beyond the reach Of the people, and
freed from direct responsibility %
them ior impeachment as Jefferson
said, is only b scarecroW
This war Of ideas waged in the con
ysution which framed the Constitution,
ana renewed when that instrument
was submitted for ratification, did not
cease after the Constitution had been
adopted and the new government
established under It's provisions. It
has continued ever since; il continues
ao3ay Around theseantagonislic ideas
these hostile theories, two political
parties were organized Absolute
Federal supremacy las been, and is,
the predominant thought and purpose
of tie FedeTalist party. In promoting
that purpose, its advocates have been
asserave. pertinacious and aggressive
They have reaorted To every conceivable
device Is eYade The Constitution that
loose construction could invent; and
every breach of Gle organic law has
basn made a precedent for additional
infragtion They have ever been reach
ine ont for more power; striving r.
build up q stupendous and splendid
Federal establishment and e make i
more ana more independent Of The
people Among thu great men who in
the beginning opposed the theories and
aesigus of the Feaeralisia Thomas
Jaae stood pre minent Hs Was
easily tae recognized lender of Che ae
m0maey and il ablest champion 10
aa laved the Union more than he and
en alta mere ID nnite flo staies under
Il uuen g3Fefnmant hue Jefferson
Hrmlg opposed t0 ihe feiefaIist
hsn q organic consolidation He
rsaliz1 flat tie greatest dam e free
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1898-03-18
THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND IT8 FUTURE


otism Of the people, but feared that, in
the determination of public questions,
they would be too often sWayed more
By passion than BY judgment more Us
caprice than BY reason, They sought,
therefore, to imply Che powers 0G Gle
central government, and 10 minimize
and subordinate The authority q the
States. They desired to make tha new
government in a large measure indie
pendent Of popular opinion, and by
multiplying restraints, to insure star
bility this was Federalism
On the other hand, there were those
who opposed The formation q an om-
nipotont central governments butfavor-
Cd one of limited and purely delegated
powers. Withholding aIl powers not
specifically granted The alvocate5 of
this theory among them many of the
most c5nBpicu9us men of the age ba'
lieYed in the capacity q the people g
govern themselves They fearea the
tyranny of intranghed power mq.e
than the unreason of- popular impulse.
They sought, therefore to create q
union of state to define the purposes Of
the central government and to grant
to It only such powers rs were neceas5r 5ry
to mako those purposes effective Iaey
desired to make the government direct-
IL responsible to tile people Ihey op
posed every form of irresponsible power
every pratense of divine right III
governments holding that the only
sacred and inviolab,e sovereignty was
popular sovereignty II ether words
taoy sought to found republic oa the
patriotism 81 the people t5 % adiain
issered ID accordance With fhe popHaf
win this was Democracy
I'll tie daat outcome of these conflicts
Il opinion neither sida was altogether
saeos ful The result was rather A
compromise Gran victory ha v
srHmas was iadad made enc 0E liiait
ad powers lot atI poWe Ha Raeiallf
sraatsa u IL 81 prohibited Be- te
states we're expire eFya 81 ie
states anl tho nag7ls
such Tie lanauase q ihe scniIl'l
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1898-03-18

inveipbed against them THE truth of
tbjs cap h demonstrated by reference
to tha chopfer of onr history relating IA
The ola United states Bank The mo.
mentoug gtrnrpIe between that bapE
and tie people pot only proves what /
SAY. but also ftly illustrates the prfn-
chile purposes and tendencies of Amer.
lean political parties The creature Of
law. the Bank. grew 70 such proportions
that it mocked at law It held tho g.
nancial interests Of great people
almost hopelessly IN IT'S grasp u
could expand OF contract the currency
at viii and thereby heIl the great
business interests Of the nation al it's
mercy With audacious arrogance, il
sought finally to dominate the political
% well as tho iiscai affairs Of th2 GOV
eminent that gave 4 ilte. IL langhed
az restraint and detiled those whq Pr
posed i. Journalists. politicians and
business men were 2bsequious t2at
thrift might follow fawning Or
because they feared the banks ro-
sentiment Those itcoald not trigHten
il corrupted and those II could neither
ffIghten nor corrupt i endeayofed to
destroy Some u bought others i coe
creed while still others docked to its
standard from choice. u even vent So
far as to beard the lion, JaekaoB in his
den Then The storm Of battle burst5
and IL ragged for years
Through It all from tho beginning
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1898-03-18

The history Of that struggle, and th
relation Of The two great parties to It
would all bc reproduced, could tn
contest occur over again. ANY essen
tial change in tho situation would b
impossible Docs anyone doubt tha
Che republican party tho Federalis
party Of today would ospouse tht
Bank IL st could be carried back, under
the leadership Of Mr. Hanna, to thl
days Of Andrew Jackson7
But there Is no need Of going bach
To the old days, when Jackson met IN
science with courage, and answered
defiance with blow no need, miles
it be TO imbibo somewhat Of bis he
roic spirit Chat we may initiate BIZ
patriotic example. There Is no need
certainly Of going back for mere his
torical data with which To test the dis
position Of the republican party. w
have proof at hand that The federalism
.of today is not different from tho Fed
emlism 81 the past, except that 1t 4
stronger and more confident. The Old
United tltes Bank has reappeared ia
our National Banks The destruction
of the Old bank was, after all, but the
sowing Of tho dragons teeth, from
which this new DEVILS progeny ha'
sprung. There Is some change iH
form, some alteration Ia details; but
otherwise, the old Is easily recognized
ia the new In their origin, and 10
their purpose and effect, the old and
tho new arc substantially the same.
International banks are the most pow.
eHnl single influence ID Americs today
Pofideiaus are subserTient to them
Newspapers, parotlike repeat theii
oiaclo8 Business men consult them
for political opinions. They dictate
platforms TO political parties They
dominate the National Treasury. They
direct tho financial policies Of the gov.
eminent They hypnotic presidents
and cabinets, md exert an influence on
public affairs a. baneful a. 4 is appal-
ling If tic National Banks are not
gaiitg &c ail ihe things and more,
they ore terribly mi4andersto9a end
Tho facts aFe strangely against them,
History will ite 1 have written.
witl addition and elaboration The
party created these banks.
ard evar iuee bas been their steadiast
FRIEND advocate ard defender The
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1898-03-18

The origin Of the democratic party is
traced to Thomas Jefferson The party
if TIC outgrowth Of his political teach.
luz. Following tho revolution q iiiG
when TIE fathers came to The difficult
work 81 organizing apernanent nation
al government there waa wide diver
genee Of opinion as tothe form that that
government should takeand the powers
with which it should be invested. The
public sentiment ill favor Of q perma
nent union, while tar from unanimous
was Vet strong enough to make oppo-
sition futile But when il came to the
practical work of agreeing to the exact
terms of tie union, there were disagree
ments 81 radical II nature and some
times y dognatie in assertion, as to
imperil the nomentous scheme II band,
ana to excite ii consequences. q pro-
found anxiety ia tile minds of tllq
patriots
rs what extent tile States should
surrender their sovereignty what the
a5bo ag the Federal jurisdiction should
ba what p1Wefs the general govern.
and ii what mannerand through
agencies its powers sh6Rid be ez
these were questions Of grave
oft for upon their settlement de-
aed the future relations Of tho
es ana TIE people pa the ane hand
the approaching Federal establish
an Gle oiher
not surprising therefore Chap
ais differences arose or that acri-
iona controversies were waged.
favored strong central govern
clothed with sneh powers as
nld make # practically supreme in
things throughout tho Union ihe
0eates IF ibis theory amon8 whom
aany eminent men doubted tAe
pacity If ths peopla fer aali govern
They did hot heliaye thai Feai
HiiFy ID governmental Institutions
po uls ~ tlH polieie
i IS scientifically developed il
control 81 pnbIie affairs m left e
heks mpudon af paHF ati-
fhsY aii nn mpHau iha Hatf-
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1898-03-18

democratic party has been their ias
veterate enemy II may BE- that, years
heuce, our descendants willwonder how
any American party could support
these institutions II 50, The answer
lmust De chat which We make nov,
when wo review thg struggles Of tho
past. History has only repeated itself
For thirty years Federalism has been
Ia the ascendant During large part
Of that period its sways had been also
luto; and during the whole of 70 Il hfs
stood Oh vantage ground. During that
period the democracy has been more 9
negative than q positive force, more
force fl resistance than 81 impulgion
While Federalism has been assertiYo
and aggressive, the democracy haa
been Cup TO 1885, for the most part
apologetic and conservative. Federal
ism was offensive; democracy defensive
What has happened1 Mammoa reigns
at Washington. An empire has been
granted out Of The public domain 10
corporations Great trusts havesprrng
up, like deadly upaBtroea, throughout
tho nation. Manufacturers write tsIilG
schedules. and bankers dictate Che
policies of the treasury Capital bar
gains for judicial appointments; and
judges reverse a long line Of adiudic
tions even their own decisions that
wealth may escape taxation Govern
ment By injunction has Deen invented
and the army has been ordered ID Ean-
press local riots without tho roaroat
of ths state authorities. and 10 spite 81
their protest. Even great leaders of
The democracy have been coercedi
corrupted. Of Cajoled into betrayal Of
their party, and into an effort to crush
ii beneath the shining JugEeruaut of
plutooracy. These, and other Of lllte
kind, are tho natural inevitable frui.s
0f Federalism. They ARE the very dar
gers against which Jefferson warno
hIs sountrymep. 70 81 such, The den
ocraticparty Is iustlnetiyelg antagonis
tic. and must he antagonistic iftFue
its emission
ia 1906. tha democratic nnF.l waa
itself BeaIn fof tie frat time ~ manT
years It took the offensive and dfrabs
% rmtora the rule of thspeopie Whene
stood the great banks TRUSTS synd
Gates. corporations, and other bfr
tenRfIsrEppH rAaf lef
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1898-09-24
Brain Nerve Cells.

Investigations in the line of physio-
logical psychology show that in the case
of the vast majority the brain attains
its maximum weight by the age of Is,
and examination of sections of the spinal
cord shows that between the time of
birth and the age of 10 there has been 100
per cent increase in the number of de-
veloped nerve cells, while an increase
of only 6 per cent has been shown
after Is; the brain also shows, with
advancing age, decline in actual
weight and in the number of connective
fibers which afford the physical sub
strata for thinking and for association.
Roughly expressed, nerve cells are said
to be plastic in inverse proportion to their
ages. Further, nerve cells have been
shown to decrease in volume some so
per cent as il result of fatiguing exer-
else. Exercise, however, of every SEN
sorry and motor brain tract is very bene-
fetal when not carried beyond the prop
er point, such exercise putting the
nerve cell in the best possible condition
for assimilating more nutriment and
developing more fully. Inaction in any
tract tends to an undeveloped spot and
to atrophy.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1898-09-24
UNLOADING COAL.
Two Ways of Discharging Coal From Ca
nalbOats Into Carts.

nalboats Into Carts.
Scoops like those that are used in
taking up mud from under water, in
deepening slips, that shut together in
the mud, biting out "a great mouthful of
it to be lifted up and dropped into a
scow, are also used in unloading COAL
in taking coal out of boats. The ordinary
way of unloading coal from boats into
carts on the wharf alongside is with
big scoops holding a quarter of ton
each, which are hung on pivots so that
when they are cast loose they can easily
be upset and emptied. These scoops are
filled in the boat by men who tip the
scoop on it's side toward the coal and
scrape the coal down into it until it is
almost full and then right it up and
finish filling it with shovels. The scoop
is hooked Oh to a rope and hoisted up
by horse or steam power to the driver
waiting with his cart ON the wharf,
who empties the scoop into his cart.
Meanwhile the men below are filling
another scoop. The shovelers who do
this work earn good wages, but they
must be men of strength and endurance,
and they may have to work long hours.
The steam scoop is used in only the
smaller sizes of coal, but the work that
it does is done much cheaper than it
could be done by hand shoveling. The
scoop is dropped open upon the coal in
the hold of canalboat and then closed
by power operated by the engineer who
runs it. The separated lower edges of
the two parts of the scoop are drawn to-
gether down through the coal until they
meet, thus holding the coal inclosed.
The scoop is then hoisted up and
swung in by power, not over the cart,
but over an elevated pocket or bin
which has spout on each side SO that
two carts can load at once. When it
has been swung in, the scoop is opened,
to discharge its contents into the pocket,
and then it is swung out again and once
more dropped open upon the coal i'll the
boat below.-New York Sun.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1898-09-24
TIE Clever Burglar,

The burglar who does several "iobs"
and eludes the officers of the law is
keen observer, man of forethought,
and one whose executive ability is un-
questioned. Houses are not entered be-
cause they have brownstone fronts, nor
are stores broken into by the profess
sional thief without an investigation.
When the skillful burglar is to do
"job, he studies the habit of the resi-
dent or proprietor In case in Troy
few years ago a jewelry store was rob-
bed Apparently there was not a clew.
Detectives were placed on the case and
named the thieves by the method en-
ployed in getting into the store, and
subsequently the thieves were convicted.
Certain burglars always enter a cellar
and come up through stairs floor or
trapdoors. Others have skeletCI keys.
Others go above and come down stairs.
Some break in rear and otIsors trout
doors. In the robbery above referred to
the two thieves had been in Troy three
successive Saturday nights. They had
fastened a silk thread on ally,entrances
i'll such a way that if any one entered
or left the store the thread would be
broken Thus the burglars learned that
the proprietor and clerks did not visit
the store after closing Saturday night
until Sunday. The fourth Saturday
night they "cracked' the SAFE Except
for their methodical way of entering
(by the CELLAR no suspicion would have
attached itself to them.-Troy Times.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1898-09-24
HOW THE GURkHAS FIGHT.
They Punctuated Their Attacks on For
tress With Football Games.

They Punctuated Their Attacks on a For
tress With Football Games.
Not two miles from Nilt progress was
again arrested-and this time for weeks
by the fortresses of Thol and NAHUM
These seemed impregnable, for where
the slopes of the cliff were not inaccessi-
BILE the defenders had turned the water
course on the edge of them, so that they
were quickly coated with ice.
In front of these strongholds the off
GERS and Gurkhas played football every
afternoon, the latter, who were very
keen, kicking the ball without bending
the knee. The Hunzas, however, object
ed to the game, and as soon as one COM
menced would open fire, which the
players regarded not. So the Kanjutis
started a game of polo on the maiden
outside Thol, but the British fire was
more effective, for the Gurkhas are
capital marksmen, and the game was
soon dropped. Finally a Dogra sepoy
named Nagdu discovered gully which
seemed possible and ascended this alone
The following night, SO Gurkhas
and 80 Dogras of the imperial service
tIoOps uuuer LleuUeUalC Manners
Smith, an expert cragsman, hid at the
foot of the gully and remained shivering
there for hours, until at early dawn
the remainder of the force diverted the
enemy's attention by continuous fire.
Followed by his so Gurkhas, Man
ners-Smith commenced the perilous as
cent, and behind them came Taylor and
his Dogras, with the mortifying result
that after two hours climbing the gully
was found to be blocked. Steps were
retraced to where the gully forked, and
there he again led upward in such
manner that had one of the leaders
missed his hold most of the party
might have been swept away.
This time they were right, and the
leaders were within 60 yards of the first
sangar before being perceived. The
alarm being given, the interchange of
shots at once ceased, and all attention
was directed to the daring climbers.
Rocks and showers of stones were pour
ed down, but the little band had passed
the most exposed points, and only
few were destroyed. Calmly they swung
themselves up from rock to rock until
at length the p.uckly subaltern and a
few of his men were seen to storm the
first sangar, the defendants scattering
after short resistance. Mall
Magazine.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1898-09-24
Saved by a Cat.

Sir Edward Osborne, lord mayor of
London in his time, bought an ancient
house in Yorkshire, and sent his chill
dren thither. There We're two boys The
elder dutifully obeyed when summoned
to his lessons one morning i'll "a turret,
but the younger, lettering, "happed to
light upon a cat which he delighted to
play with and crept after her to catch
her under table in the room, which
was covered over with carpet hanging
down to the floor" Thus he disappear
ed, and next instant terrible rush of
wind overthrow the turret, in which
his brother and the tutor sat at work,
crushing them to death. Surprising that
both her sons were there, the mother
fell into commissions, and we imagine
the scene. One of the maids, running
in a distracted manner from room to
room, caught sight of the small boy
peeping from under the table, with the
cat in his arms, snatched him up and
bore him in ecstasy to his mother, he
only crying, 81 pray thee, [ pray thee,
do not whip mel" So it may be said
that the Duke of Leeds now owes his
existence to "a cat.-Pall Mall Gazette.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1898-09-24
Justification.

His weakness was prevarication. His
wife detested lying and constantly urged
him to mend his ways. One morning
she said: "Will, see if you can't be per-
fectly truthful today. Don't tell lie.
Now, promisen' He promised and went
away to work. When he came home to
dinner, she said:
"Dear, did you keep your promise?"
81 did, he replied soberly.
Then he caught her in his arms.
Darling" he cried, 81 will not lie
to you. When l said | had kept my
promise to you, did not tell the truth ;
but, believe me, that was the only lie
told all day"
For 22 seconds she was lost in per
ploxity. Then she gave it up; the prob
lem was too deep for her,-New York
World.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1898-09-24
RICHES IN TRlFLES.
Some Big Fortunes That Have Come Frol
Little Inventions.

Some Big Fortunes That Have Come From
Little Inventions.
1t has become almost an axiom with
the majority that larger fortunes are to
be raised from some simple invention
than from difficult and expensive inven-
tions that involve great outlay of
money to manufacture. This is to
certain extent true. A certain Ameri-
can patent for fastening kid gloves has
yielded a fortune of several hundred
thousand dollars for its fortunate owner,
and the inventor of a collar clasp enjoys
$40, 600 royalty year as the reward
for his endeavor. A new kind of sleeve
button has made $50, 600 in five years
for its patentee, and the simple twisting
of safety pins i'll such way that there
is no possible danger of the point stick
ing in the child promises to enrich its
owner beyond any of his eG>ly s.9ams
of wealth. A man one day turned
piece of wire so as to hold - ork more
securely in bottle and forthwith some
body saw brilliant idea and patented
the modern wire stopper holder which
is now used annually ON several million
bottles The accidental bending of a
hairpin by a woman to prevent it from
sliding out of her hair so easily produc-
ed a fortune for her husband, who i'm
mediately saw the possibilities of
crinkled hairpin for women.
Instances could be multiplied indef-
nitely of large fortunes being made from
small inventions, but fortunately for
those inventors who make life study
of intricate problems of mechanics and
dlsdain to waste their talents upon
trivial, popular articles of the day
there is often also ample reward held
in store for the products that take years
to produce and which revolutionize ex-
listing methods Of industry and me-
chanics.
Edison has reaped honors and Siches
of princely character from his discov-
cries; Mccormick has realized in his
reaper the fortunes of Il millionaire; the
Corliss engine brought honors and dec
orations to its inventor and enabled
him to amass a great fortune i'll few
years. Professor Bell found in his tele-
phone not only the consummation of his
early hopes and ambitions, but a sub
stantial pecuniary reward harveyized
steel armor has become synonymous
with the inventors name, and it brings
an annual income of huge proportions
to it's discoyerer; Elias Howe, the in
ventor of the sewing machine, realized
over 50, 600, 600 from his inventions,
and Nikola Tesla, though still young
and rich in promises, finds an abun-
dance of money in his work. George
Ethelbert Walsh in Cassier's Magazine.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1898-09-24
Strained the Jar.

A little old woman with sharp nose
and sharper tongue was in the country
grocery store buying supplies. Among
other things she brought in from her
cart was a battle SCARED jug, which she
ordered to be filled with treacle.
At last, when her purchases were
completed, she began looking over the
account item by item, before paying.
whats this?" she exclaimed. "You
have charged me for two gallons and a
half of treacle."
Eyes, ma am
"But that jug holds only two gal
lons.'
"You must be mistaken. measured
the treacle carefully, and it took two
gallons and half to fill it.
"Well," said the old woman with a
sigh, 81 don't so much mind having to
pay for the treacle, but [ do object to
having the old jug strained by your
putting i'll half gallon more than it
will hold. STRAND Magazine.