The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-05-23
The Scrap Book.

equals 1852 cubic feet, which divided by
two and one-ffth. gives 523, the number of
bushels. A late correspondent divided by
two and two-ninths, which made a differ
ence of one hundredth, or l per cent, as
my divisor stood in ratio to his as 99-45 to
10O-45. The above rule is near enough cor
rect for ali practical purposes in good corn,
as ] have tested 1t frequently. A wagon
bed or bin so measured must be filled only
level.
Manure and Pear Blight.-Pear blight Is
probably a fungous disease which works
in the sap under certain conditions. 1t is
more likely TO attack trees which have an
excess of stable manure, even though they
may have a suffciency of the mineral fer
tilizers, potash and phosphate. The best
pear growers now use stable manure very
sparingly, and only at seasons when Its
effect will be mostly passed before the hot
weather of summer If the manure is APP
piled late in spring as is most often done,
because manure is most plentiful then, ats
greatest effect comes in July and August.
The pear trees thus MANFRED will most GER
tainly blight. Topdressing the trees in
early fall makes the Increased growth
come in the spring. If the trees are bear
ing they should have extra heavy supplies
of potash and phosphate without any ad
uiliOudi nitrogen. w e nave seer RcdI trees
blight which we believe would have been
saved if the roots could find enough pot
ash to perfect the fruit The pear blight
most often attacks trees that are bearing,
at just the time the fruit should be form
ing its seeds. There is a suggestion in this
that a plentiful supply of potash early in
the season would have kept the sap in
healthy condition.
Hornless Cows Are Best.-My experience
49,. - 4.
horned and dehorned cattle, both milk
cows and fattening cattle, leads me TO the
opinion that horns are great source Of
trouble and expense to the herdsman, says
a writer in the Jersey Bulletin. I have
found that cattle that We're of a quarrel
some disposition before the operation we're
rendered as docile as lambs by being de-
horned; ard in cases of milk COWS, their
product was materially increased from the
fact that they attend strictly to business
instead of chasing their mates around the
yard or pasture.
Mixing Salt With Manure.-It IS an eX-
cellent thing to sprinkle manure heaps
with common salt if care be taken to pre-
vent the loss of the ammonia which this
win liberate. Salt and ashes are equally
effective in helping the decomposition of
vegetable matter If applied in small guam
titles 1t is only when enough is used of
salt TO IldhS d piChlS lucll IL 46tdit6 nc
composition. But you must not suppose
that because salt is a mineral it will take
the place of those other minerals, potash
and phosphate, where these are needed.
Yet as there are always more or less of
potash and phosphate in all soils, especially
those that have some clay in them, the
use of salt may help make these soluble
in the soil, and temporarily produce the
same effect as if potash and phosphate
n
10 mix salt with all the mineral manures
we use or else would topdress the field
with salt, so as to make the more valuable
minerals more efficient. Salt in itself has
no direct mauurial value. 1t is solvent,
and is only good on land where there is
mineral or vegetable fertilizer that Is not
in a condition for plant roots to feed on.
The Worth of a Good CoW.-A writer in
the Southern Farm Magazine. in referring
to the profits of a COW says: IF we take
an ordinary cow worth $50, which will pro-
duce say 5000 pounds of milk in a year,
this will contain $50 pounds of butter, 375
pounds of milk sugar, 220 pounds casein
and 50 pounds of ASH total 925 pounds of
solid foods; and suppose that it costs $35
to keep her the profit on her work will be
$S1-nearly 1000 pounds of food for $31
If an ordinary COW will give such results
what would a better bred COW do? Far
mers should read and ponder over these
facts and when an opportunity offers it
self should not fail to purchase the best
bred COW they can find. 1t pays to have
the best.
Cooperation Versus Competition One
of the most pronounced signs of the times
is the substitution of cooperation for com
petition. Instead of competing to cut each
others throat, leaders in various lines of
industry are getting together in the form
of trusts or otherwise. The trusts are
Obliged to face the sharpest kind of at
lacks in state and national legislation.
and in many respects their methods en-
ployed are against public interests In
maintaining their right to be, they insist
that through cooperation of this kind con-
sumers get the benefit of economies. on
eratives are paid fair wages, and vet
moderate profits are assured those whose
capital is thus employed. OF course IL
the trust puts up prices, it at once in
vites competition which does something
to regulate values so far as the consumer
is concerned. Now without discussing the
dement's of this modern system and with
out considering what it may lead to, one
thing is certain: Farmers must In the fu-
ture make more real progress in work.
ing together than they ever have in she
past. Cooperative effort on the part CT
those directly interested in agriculture il
properly managed and concentrated, could
WELD power for good such as has never
been dreamed. Why is ii that farmers.
the class of all others needing the mutual
protection which comes from wise Coop
Grafton, make so little Roadway in this
regard?
Berkshircs and Other Breeds of Hogs.
The Berkshire hog which one correspond
ent, D. II. Thing, inquiries about, was orig
iualy an English breed Il is a black breed
but always had more or less white on its
face and feet, but black everywhere else.
The Poland China was originated by Ohio
breeders and said to be cross of a hog
from Poland, giving vigor and constitution.
and a fine-boned Chinese boar This for
long time was most popular with Western
hog breeders. But the Poland China has
much inside fat which once made It more
valuable, but is now an Improbable part
Of the hogs since cotton-seed oil has so
largely superseded lard. The Berkshire has