The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1898-11-11
DAIRY AND POUIlT!RY.
INTERESTING CHAPTERS ron
OUR RURAL READERs.
now Successful Farmers Operats rhis
Department. Of the Farm-A Fsw
Hints ~ TO tbs Care Of Live stock
aud Poultry.
Fighting Bacteria.

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Fighting Bacteria.
l r. A. Pearson, assistant chief OF the
Dairy Division, u. s. Department of
Agriculture, says:
Just how dairy originally becomes
injected with Objectionable bacteria
which color the milk or cause 1t to
be ropy, Shiny, bitter, or soapy, or how
creamery or cheese factory which
has had no previous trouble with bac-
teria is infected with troublesome
1orrs, is not always known. Occa-
slonally outbreaks occur which are
as unexpected and inexplicable as are
some outbreaks of infectious diseases
IN healthy communities. But it should
be remembered that bacteria are ex-
tremely minute bodies and that many
ways of moving about, even long dis
tances, are possible to them. They can
often successfully Withstand what
would seem to be very unfavorable
conditions and thus for a long time
mold their life as they are carried from
place to place, or as conditions about
tnem change. until they find them
serves In a favorable location for
growth. and then Immediately COM
mence to multiply at marvellous rate.
Ihey may first be introduced in to a
factory by impure water, milk from an
injected dairy, cans which have been
used for other than dairy purposes, and
especially by dust or anything which
carries dirt.
preventive Measures.-After objec-
tionable germs have once entered the
factory three things are required for
tne1r growth or increase, namely,
warmth, moisture, and food. 1t is
impossible to keep the temperature
from being favorable to them in the
summer time. but by keeping the fac
tory as dry as possible, the food sup
ply scarce, and subjecting the germs
10 conditions which are fatal to them,
such as high heat and disinfectants, It
is possible to rid the factory of them.
Soon after a factory is infected with
troublesome bacteria, colonies will be-
come established in many places; they
are hidden in cracks in the floors and
walls and any place which remains
continually moist will contain large
jumpers OF them. The entire build
Ing and all It's contents must be scru-
pulously cleaned and the work must
extend to the whey tank and drain
leading to it. Every utensil should be
thoroughly sterilized by exposure to
i've steam during at least ten minutes,
and everything not SO treated should
De dlsinfected. The inside walls Of
the building and the outsides of the
larger apparatus may be disinfected
with boiling water or steam, but if this
Is not practicable dilute solution of
carbolic acid may be used, at the
strength of / pound to 25 to so of
water. This is an excellent disinfect-
ant but should not be applied to any
surface which comes in contact with
the milk. Sulphate Of iron (copperas)
Is an efficient disinfectant for drains;
they should be flushed daily with boil
ing water and have steam passed
through them if possible, then have
Jumps of copperas placed in them.
AT the same time or preceding the
work of cleansing the factory its sur
relndings should be improved. Pools
should be drained and the hollows
hlled with clean earth. If at any
point the soil is saturated with milk or
whey, the top part should be replaced
with fresh earth, If practicable, and
copperas sprinkled about. Treatment
OF this kind frequently repeated and
accompanied by the replacement of
decayed boards in the floor or else
where. and the repair of drains, waste
pipes, etc.. and followed by a good
coat OF whitewash, will usually remove
all trouble. If. however, the condi-
lions are not improved after these
operations, it is probable the source
OF infection is external to the factory,
and every effort should be made to
qulcKl..' locate 1t. An affection once
started readily travels from dairy to
dairy, and unless it is promptly
stamped out an entire district may
suffer great lossas result. 1t is found
by handling the milk from the differ
ent dairies separately, or by the use
OF fermentation or curd test. that
the trouble belongs to certain one.
that dairy should be thoroughly
! cleaned and disinfected. If the water
is found to be to blame, new supply
should be obtained, or an arrangement
provided to boil all the water used.
Sore Mouth Among Cattle.
Newspaper bulletin 67. Indiana Ex-