davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1898-09-04

mate and ever-varied scenery afford a
constant and pleasant change.
The first American dos in the Philip
pines is a spotted one, the mascot Of the
famous Coloroda regiment This dog
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1898-09-04

The Philippine insurgents are frantic
with joy over the Americans. one Of
them recently tried 20 ride a bucking
Colorado broncho. The Colorado boys
arc so accustomed 10 these horses that
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1898-09-04

why. The curse that clings 10 inc nine
spot is the fact that the ten - hlsh.
But what n narrow escape you mace tnat
hand" turning TO the farmer. You
held three lacks and the man on your
left got q pair Of black eiShts IN inc
Three Jacks al the top OF par OF
black Fights
Make hand that. out West is be-
licvcd 70 be Fates
The holder IS frequently destined 70
lose
Everything he has with him-including
hts shoes"
This so aggravated The plumber. who
had never come I'm touch win I'VE
poet before that no discarded OUT or
turn. whercupon the bard. picking up
pair or Jacks himself. muttered:
Don't discard. don't come In.
Don't pass out OF turn
That's the hardest but vitalest
Lesson 10 learn
The hotel keeper took a red chip out Of
the jackpot Tor tho kitty. which he start
cd I'm the poets hat that gentleman
promptly acquiescing with
"'rhis IS Kitty. lovely Kitty.
And an poker players love her
Thourh she's neither wise nor witty,
How tho men around her hover
It Us pilF' 9'i' '''. ..., -
tom'lnl.s ol d" "', .,. .,, ,.i,i., 81
do not hho" more dD'". .. ".'7.' ~.
which Dcwov's men have already miro
duced in Manila. Skaters in santiago.
and Miles iu Porto Rico. u is O. entail
lv a game of free men, and can flourish
only under The Stars and stripes.
"Ifs very popular with Enghslmen
,..t r.r che limit "For an we know
,.t,toe,oaro NAV have had H. fin mind
,roro nsr once.
o., .1,-.,. p.rdoirh cried great FaletaT.
.tbrog,
-,,. l,,oc, into the channel
Thus they discarded. long ago.
,,,to.. ...,,,i t.oro o,oone wore n,nnei DO
I'm ,.t(., b. ii.t once" eaid the hotel
49,. ,.t,, lad ora a nav, e,i, nj clam
EcepeH ,t |II ' ro,, or Tbe oiberl stood
3D.. moot Too made GOOD
..nor.t ,ec,r now clothes. lest from your
NAV
vo,r mind bo now and then distract.
Ars -or,e ono i'm d rarb less CAV
.,,,., o.,.,,,., nan,
HAD IHH ''ii'-N am
AS the draw progressed The poet, who
had taken two. observed, with consiGera-
bic satisfaction tnai ne hal 5o- ll az,
oiheI p'I or Ja.h-' NV. nv, 49,
not betier nus D1I'e i 10 'l
having l.N'u one lo '" 10 ,-,,.o-
nlhlseH uIo p.D"N e-,..s -.r1i..
ana 8"oIe Ho l-....,.i.-- 80 .i.,
Ieinoh. ll',,' ,''.l. ~.
great amer '1'i
"a banker reaoy 10 Ieu '.',I g.. H..
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1898-09-04

A Maryland law makes 70 a punishable
oNense for any club unlicensed TO sell.
give away. or IN any manner 20 dis
penso sD.r.tuOus or malt liquors.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1898-09-04
WENT RIGHT on.

or didn't have mine pat. drot YOU"
said the farmer But the poet went
rieht ON raising, and. when finally CALI
ed. asked permission ass Doc showed his
hand. 90 trcspass once moro ON the pa
thence of the Bushkin Poker Club Tor .
brief moment
You've am heard" said he, cot old
Mr. Simmons from tho country
"Twas can an around, thero'd been
betting for fair
And old Mr. Simmons said: J have two
pair
The San Francisco call., 1898-01-23
DISCOVERY OF GOLD IN CALIFORNIA.


to particular spots of ground may cause collisions, but they will be rare as the extent of country is so great and the gold so abundant that for the present there is room and enough for all.
 The discovery of these vast deposits of gold has entirely changed the char acter of Upper California. Its people before engaged in cultivating their small patches of ground and guarding their herds of cattle and horses, have all gone to the mines, or are on their way thither. LaborerS of every trade have left their work benches and tradesmen their shops; sailors desert their ships as fast as they arrive on the coast, and several vessels have gone to sea with hardly enough hands to spread a sail; two or three are now at anchor in San Francisco with no crews on board. Many assertions have taken place, too, from the garrisons within the influence of the mines; twen- ty-SiX soldiers have deserted from the post of Sonoma, twenty-four from that of San Francisco and twenty-four from Monterey For few days the evil appeared so threatening that great danger existed that the garrisons would leave in a body.
 Many private letters have gone to the United States giving accounts of the vast quantity of gold recently dis covered, and it may be matter Of surprise why I have made no report on this subject at an earlier date. The reason is, that I could not bring my self to believe the reports that heard of the wealth of the gofd district until I visited it myself. I have no hesita- ton now in saying that there is more gold in the country drained by the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers than will pay the cost of the present war with Mexico a hundred times over No capital is required to obtain this gold as the laboring man wants noth- ing but his pick, shovel and tin pan with which to dig and wash the gravel; and many frequently pick gold out of the crevices of rock with their butcher knives in pieces from one to six ounces
 A soldier of the Artillery Company returned here a few days ago from the mines, having been absent on fur tough twenty days; he made by trad ing and working during that time $1500. During these twenty days he was travelling ten or eleven days, leav- ing but a week in which he made a sum of money greater than he re- ceiyes in pay, clothes and rations dur ing 8 whole enlistment of five years These statements appear incredible but they are true.
The San Francisco call., 1898-01-23

of all things are high and yet Indians who before hardly knew what a breech cloth was, can now afford to buy the most gaudy dresses.
 Every day was developing new and rich deposits and the only apprehen- sion seemed to be that the metal would be found in such abundance as serious ly to depreciate its value.
 The principal store at Suffers Fort, that of Brannan &t Co.,. had received in payment for goods $36000 worth of this gold from the 1st of May to the 10th of July; other merchants had also made extensive sales. Large quantities Of goods were daily sent forward to the mines, as the Indians, heretofore so poor and degraded, have suddenly be- come consumers of the luxuries of life. ] before mentioned that the greater part of the farmers and rancheros had abandoned their fields to go to the mines; this is not the case with Captain Sutter, who was carefully gathering his wheat, estimated at 10000 bushels. Flour is already worth at Suffers s3G a barrel, and soon will be $50 Unless large quantities of breadstuffs reach the country, much suffering will occur; but as each man is now able to pay a large price, it is believed the merchants will brinJ from Chile and Oregon q plentiful supply for the coming winter.
 l ne most moderate estimate | could obtain from men acquainted with the subject was that upward of 400O men were working in the gold dis trict, of whom more than half were Indians, and that from $30,000 to $50,- 900 worth of gold, if not more, waa daily obtained. The entire gold dis trict, with very few exceptions of grants made some years ago by the American authorities, is on land be- longing to the United States It was a matter of serious reflection with me how I could secure to the Government certain rents or fees for the privilege of procuring this gold; but upon con- sidering the large extent of country, the character of the people engaged and the small scattered force at my command I resolved not to interfere, but permit all to work freely, unless broils and crimes should call for inter- ference.
 l was surprised to learn that crime Of any kind was very unfrequent, and that no thefts or robberies had been committed in the gold district. All live in tents, in bush houses or in the open air, and men have frequently about their persons thousands of dol lars worth of this gold; and it was to me matter of surprise that so peace ful and quiet a state of things should continue to exist Conflicting claims
The San Francisco call., 1898-01-23

since been mined in the southern counties in comparison with other DOT tions of the State, the industry in Southern California was languishing and fitful for three or four decades.
 Within it's limits there are not less than 4000 mines or mining claims, which are either being steadily worked or are considered of at least sufficient value by the owners to justify them in keeping up their annual assessment work.
 Every mining district is immediately accessible to one or the other and some times both of the railway systems, or is within one or two days drive from a railway station.
 The most notable of the desert min ing districts is Randsburg. From this latter point the new railroad runs to Johannesburg, which is a couple Of miles east of Randsburg Both places are the Outgrowth of the mines of the district, and are quite f1Ourishing camps" There is now population
The San Francisco call., 1898-01-23

remote part of the State from Mar shalPs original find, did not attract the attention of prOspectors until the nearer territory had been occupied. The shallow and rich placers along the streams and rivers of the central and northern counties Of the State were first exploited; but the army of miners and prospectOrs was so great and so restless that before the end of the early sos their operations had extended from the Oregon line on the north to the Lower California boundary and the Colorado River on the south and south east. The investigations of the early prospectors in Southern California were generally superficial, and while gold was found in hundreds of locali- ties the conditions were so different
 from those which prevail in the more northerly sections, on account of the general scarcity of water and timber, that their reports were as a whole un- favorable and while millions of dol lars worth of gold and silver have
The San Francisco call., 1898-01-23

depend upon the rules of a mining dis trict bounded by others with different rules as to the manner of marking the boundaries of a claim, the appropria- tion and use of water for mining pur- poses, etc, as actions respecting mining claims and water rights, ditches, etc, are yet governed by the local rules and customs when the same are not in con- flict with the general mining laws.
 It is remarkable that people coming here by hundreds of thousands took possession of hundreds of millions worth of property, which was not open by law to occupation, with so little con- fusion and so little litigation. There is no similar instance in history where property of such value was taken ur by so many owners or claimants under no higher law than that made by them selves and which gave such absolute equality to all in respect to mining such lands
 The riots, troubles, protracted suits fortunate name for lawlessness for time did not come from the acts of the miners. The miner made his own laws and abided by them. But the land grabber, the squatter, the speculator who claimed land under United States laws with all the protection ths they gave them were the persons who caused riot, bloodshed and filled our courts with cases criminal and civil
 The local laws and customs of miners have been sanctioned by national and State legislation and approved by the courts. Their spirit pervades all exist ing law upon the subject and they will ever remain a monument of the love of order, system and fair dealing of the miners of California, who in vast num- bers from all parts of the world probed the earth in all directions for the pre- cious metals "in the days of gold-the days of '49''
The San Francisco call., 1898-01-23

late except the general principles of law; but the act of that year restrict ed the rights of miners to formulate To- cal rules; and the State law of 1895 subjects them to further restrictions, so that now but little is left to the miners of this State with respect to district legislation. They are still, however, permitted to form mining dis trictS and fix their extent and bounda- ries; the size and extent of mining claims, provided they do net exceed the maximum limit allowed by law, prescribe the number of monuments marking the exterior boundaries of claim, etc. But under the State law the mining recorder is no longer given legal existence, and for all practical purposes a mining claim may as we'll be without as within the limits of an organized mining district. as the term is generally understood. In the latter event it is governed by the general pro- visions of the Federal and State laws.
 At one time there were at least 800 mining districts in this State, the names of which were distributed among: the appropriate, the poetical and the ridiculous, the last predominating, each having its own code of laws without extraterritorial effect and creating proportionate confusion and conflict
 Since the law of 1895 the entire State is practically one mining district with a law of uniform application; but con- fusion still exists here in regard to the possible size of locations, the manner. of marking their exterior boundaries. etc, as that law, unlike that of other mining States, is strangely silent upon those points, leaving such matters still within the jurisdiction of the mining districts.
 Hence particular care should be taken to get the description of a mining dis trict in the State in which a location is situated as important questions still
The San Francisco call., 1898-01-23

numerous regulations were adopted by which the first appropriator of water to be conveyed or used for mining or other beneficial purposes was reeog- nized as having to the extent of actual use the better right, and rights to water acquired under the local rules and customs are protected by the Federal mining law.
 The districts were sometimes CO., extensive with the jurisdiction of the county, but usually did not contain more than one hundred square miles, often not more than ten, and there were in places a dozen districts within a radius of ten miles. Quartz claims were usually 200 feet along the lode. with all it's dips, spurs and angles, for each locator with an additional 200 feet to the discoverer of the lode and as many locators might join in one location as they saw fit; and custom allowed a double claim to the discov- erer of a placer deposit or bar dig gings.
 The size of placer claims depended upon the character of the "diggings" and the amount of labor necessary to open them. In the hill diggingS the claim was usually 100 feet wide and reached to the middle of the hill. River diggings embraced a certain distance up and down the river or creek with lateral distances on the banks. Neglect to work a claim within limited num- Der of days worked it's forfeiture
 The Act of 1866 proposed no new sys- tenn. It was a recognition of rights which had grown up under the tacit consent of the Government. It as- stunned the existence of mining customs or rules, and conferred the rights ex- pressed subject to such customs or reg ulations, when the same were not in conflict with the laws of the United States.
 UD to 1872 there was practically no limit to the power of miners to legis-
The San Francisco call., 1898-01-23

sporadic and unimportant, and
 until the passage Of that act
 there was no mining law in the United States other than that estab- iished by the miners of the different mining districts into which the State was divided by them. Miners customs grew up or rules were adopted at mass meetings of the miners which had the force of law in the districts in which they were adopted. This system was established in California by the Argo- nauts, gradually extended in it's gen. eral features to the other mining States and became the American common law Of mining.
 It is a popular fallacy that these rules and customs originated in Cali fornia. Historical accuracy ascribes different origin to them. The old Cali fornians had little or no experience in mining. 'The Spanish-American sys- tenn, says the late Mir. Gregory Yaie. the distinguished authority on mining law, which has grown up under the practical working of the mining ordi- nances for New Spain was the founda- ton of the rules and customs adopted"
 Senator Stewart has aScribed unde- served merit to the early miners in pro- nouncing them the authors of the local rllles and customs. In his letter to Sen ator Ramsey he says that the miners were forced from the necessity of the case to make laws for themselves; that each mining district formed it's own rules and adopted it's own customs; the similarity of which throughout the entire mining region, extending over an area of 50,000 square miles, was so great as to attain all the beneficial re- suits of well-digested general laws. They were democratic in their charac- ter guarding against every form of monopoly. requiring continual work and occupation in good faith, to consti- tute a valid possession.
 This letter is an interesting paper, coming from a representative miner, and is correct in stating the nature of the rules and customs, and the uni formity of their adoption. But they were not the spontaneous creation of the miners of 1S49-50. They reflect the matured wisdom of the practical miner of past ages, and have as their founda- ton. as has been stated, in certain nat ural laws easily applied to different situations, and were propagated in the California mines by those who had a practical and traditional Knowledge of them in varied forms, in the countries of their origin, and were adopted and no doubt gradually improved and judi ciously modified by the Americans. This self-evident fact can be admitted without detracting from our national pride.
 These regulations do not materially differ from existing national and State laws upon mining; they fixed the boundaries of the district, the qualih- cations of the locator, the size of the claims, the manner in which claims should be marked and recorded, the amount of work which should be done to secure the title and the circum- stances under which the claim might be considered as open to relocation and as the doctrines of the common law respecting the rights of riparian owners were not considered as appli- cable, or only in a very limited de gree, to the condition of the miners
The San Francisco call., 1898-01-23
DEVELOPMENT
 OF OUR MINING LAWS,
By A. H. RICKETTS,.

NTIL the Federal mining law of 1866. Congressional legislation
 with regard to minerals had been sporadic and unimportant, and until the passage Of that act
The times., 1898-11-01
SHE WANTS PRIZE MONEY.
Justice Cox Issues an Order in Her
Behalf.

Justice Cox yesterday issued an order
requiring James Matthews. who is being
sued by his wife. Caroline Matthews, for
divorce, to assign to his wife $3.50 of the
amount due him by the United States
Government as prize money earned in the
late war as a sailor aboard the battleship
Oregon. The money is to be paid Mrs.
Matthews for alimony in arrears. In ad-
dition to this he is required to make an
assignment of $40 per month also to be
paid out of the prize money.
1t is understood that Matthews is en-
titled to about 81, 500 from the government
as his share of the prize money as a
member of the crew of the Oregon.
Matthews was a petty officer. in charge
of one of the guns of the Oregon and will
receive more prize money than any or
binary sailor. When the war was over,
Mrs. Matthews says, James did not rec
ogniZe the fact, and when he came home
continued the fight against her, magin-
ing her to be one of Cervera's fleet. He
beat her, she says, and like Cervera she
started to flee, but he overlook her and
sent her down with broadsides from his
right and left.
Since the filing of the suit, it is said,
Matthews has re-enlisted in the navy
The times., 1898-11-01
Iansburgh & Bro,
42O. Az, 424, 426 Seventh ST.
ARMY AND NAVY NOTES.

Lieut. Commander c. p. Perkins. who
commanded the Monitor Monadnock on
her voyage across the Pacific from San
Francisco TO Manila. has been detached
from that vessel and ordered home to
await orders. Lieut.. A. McCrackin has
been ordered to the Monadnock as execu-
tive officer.
The quartermaster' department finds
that the transport Michigan will be able
to leave New York today for Savannah.
TO take on board the first detachment of
the Fifth Cavalry from Savannah for
Porto Rico.
The hospital ship Bay State, for the
purchase of which the War Department
is negotiating with the Massachusetts
Auxiliary Aid Society, will when ac-
quired by the department, be sent around
TO the Pacific for duty at the Philippine
Islands. The Bay State was purchased
by the society from the Boston Fruit
Company for $4,000 and 100000 was eX
pended in fitting her up according to
plans of the Navy Department. The War
Department expects to get the vessel for
S75. 900 or $50 000.
BY direction of the Secretary of War,
paragraph 637 of the regulations is
amended as follows: The giving or TAX
ing of receipts in blank for public money
is prohibited except the receipts TO
vouchers for publishing advertisements.
which will be receipted prior to audit.
The leave of absence granted Capt. Will
liam II. Cobb. Third Immunes, now at
Santiago, has been extended one month
on surgeons certificate OF disability
Capt. Cobb is a Washingtonian.
The Secretary of War has directed that
liz
partment United States army, will pro-
ceed from Buffalo. N. Y, 10 Sandy Hook
Proving Ground, New Jersey, on official
business pertaining to the manufacture
and inspection of seacoast gun carriages.
and on completion of this duty will return
TO his proper station.
Surgeon Robert E. Bell, United States
army. has been granted leave of absence
for twenty days.
Lieut.. Hobson spent yesterday in New
York. He will not appear again before
the board of construction unless summon
ed by the Secretary of the Navy
Private Ladislaus Silly detachment
Light Artillery Recruits. now at Wash
ington Barracks. District of Columbia, is
transferred to the Third L. S. Cavalry
He will be sent TO the headquarters of
>that regiment, Fort Ethan Allen, Yer
mont for assignment to a troop.
Lieut.. Commander S. C. Paine OF the
navy. will appear before the board of
medical survey at the Navy Department
today for examination.
The leave of absence granted Brig
Gen. Evan Miles, U. S. Volunteers, has
been extended two months
Maj. Earl D. Thomas has been assigned
to duty as Inspector general of the First
Division. Fourth Army Corps, command
Cd =, ID M
Harry C. Benson will fill a similar posi-
tion in the Twentieth Division, Fourth
Corps.
The general field hospital at Camp
Hamilton, Lexington, KY, has been
named by President Mckinley, and in the
future it will be known as John Blair
Gibbs U. S. A. General Hospital" in hon
or of Assistant Surgeon Gibbs, of the Ma
rine Corps, who was fatally wounded dur
ing the Spanish attack upon the marines
at Guantanamo on the night of Jtly l2
The times., 1898-11-01
The Mortality Record.

Deaths were recorded at the local health
office during the twenty-four hours end
ing at noon yesterday as follows Eliza
Ann McElfreth. So years; Harmonic Tay-
lor, s. years; Charles c. Johnson, 6S
years; Eliza J. Carroll. 81 years; Edward
Esputa, 81 years; Anna Wilson, 60 years !;
Patrick Cosgrove, SO years; Julia Smith,
70 years; Mary Jane Rayworth. 50 years
Alexander Matthews. 81 years; Ida L.
Wilson, AZ years; Martha Shitton, A
years; John A. Loveless SO years; Lucy
Jones. 35 years; Eliza Needer. 27 1-2
years; Susan Mahoney, q years; James
Garret Roche, % years; VIII Sallade. "A
years: Joseph A. Goddard % years: S.
Bessie Potter, % l-2 years; Sarah Clark,
81 years; Mollie E. Burley, 20 years; Alice
Armor. 9 1-2 years; Jerome Ellis l year;
Edward Dreyfers. year; Joseph Collins,
months: William Spriggs 6 months
Julia Rosenberg, months: Thomas Ride
out. months; Cora Bangs. / month. and
Arthus Brumley days.