The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1898-05-05
WAR ENDS CENTURY.
Each Cycle Of a Hundred Years Closes
Amid Battles.
History OF THE WORLD SINCE THE
YEAR 1000 SHOWS A SERIES OF
CoNFL1cTs-IT IS Predicted that
HISTORY WILL REPEAT ITSELF.

Boston Journal.
1t is at least curious fact, however
little real significance it may have,
that regularly since and including the
close of the eleventh century each cy-
Gle OF hundred years has been COM
pleted with blaze OF wars. In near
ly every instance they were conflicts OF
importance and had decided bear
ing on the woe or welfare of mankind.
They say history repeats itself, and II
it does, the nineteenth century will be
but following precedent that Is 500
years old, should it, too, end amid the
roar of cannon.
At the close of the tenth century
there was comparatively peace among
the European peoples, or as near peace
as ever existed in those troublesome
times. There were some minor strug-
giles, to be sure, but they were rather
IN the way of organized brlgandage
than real warfare. A throne or two
made up the booty for which the high
waymen contended and the Danes
were massacred in England In 1902,
but otherwise the sunset of the old era
and the dawn of the new were unac-
companled by storm. What vigorous
warfare was carried on did not affect
Europe, because it resulted from the
first invasion of India by Mahmond of
Ghuzht in 1901.
But with the close OF the eleventh
century not only did the crusade begin,
but Robert, Duke Of Normandy, made
war on his brother, Henry l., and in
vaded England, and so the last halt de-
cade of the eleventh century was sig
nallzed by strife that was bounded on
the one hand by Jerusalem and ON the
other by London.
In 1876 series OF general wars be-
gan with the successes of the Moors
over Alfonso the Noble, King of Gas.
tile, and the opening of that great
strife which was to shake Europe, the
struggle for supremacy between the
Guelphs and the Ghlbeliines, Pope In
nocent, III. summoned Europe to {
new crusade, and that added to the
general uproar. A fourth crusade wa.
inaugurated in 1901, and Philip Au
gustus wrested one French province
after another from KING John of Eng
land.
The war dance OF the end of tht
thirteenth century began with an inva
sion of England by Philip the Fair ant
John Billiol, and the Scots, under
Wallace, supplemented this with /.
dash OF fighting on their own account
| The French invaded Flanders at tn,
same time, 1897, and Albert of Austria
son of Rudolph of Hapsburg, took VI
arms for the dethronement of the Ger
man Emperor, Adolphus of Fassau
The Genoese did little naval fightins
with the Venetlons, and Bonlface VIII
had successful bout with the Colonas
of Rome. In 1902 there was a rising
in Flanders against the French, and II
the next year Edward l completed his
conquest of the Scotch. So the four
tenth century began noisily enough
| To jump forward to the end of this
century we find the Turks and Hun
garlans fighting and Ladlslas fighting
for Naples with Louis II. of Aniou
Owen 0lendower is leading a revolt oil
the Welsh and the Percys defeat the
Scots. Tamerlane defeats Bajazet, and
all those troubles are happening in the
last four years of the fourteenth centu.
ry and the first two of the fifteenth.
The sixteenth begins quite as hope
fully. Charles VII. couquers Maple.
and Ferdinand II. RECEIVERS it. Perklr
Warbeck signallzes the death of the
old era in England by backing his pre-.
tentions to the throne with arms. The
French conquer Milan and Maximilan
of Germany makes war ON the Swiss
Louis XII. conquers Naples, and so al
Europe. practically, is In trouble.
The next century is near its begin
ming when Howard and Essex capture
Cadiz. Maurice of Nassau also take,
a rap at the Spaniards, and Elizabeth
sends Essex to Ireland to put down the
instruction under the Earl of Tyrone
Sigismund Vasa is driven out O
Sweden and the French Invade Savoy
Maurice of Nassau defeats Albert O
Austria, and so again we find Europe
warning from Ireland to Sweden, ant
south to Austria.
At the close of the seventeenth cen
fury there was a particularly warn
time. Villeroi fought William III
in the Netherlands. Savoy finished of
a war with France. Peter the Grea
took Azoy from the Turks and the
French captured Barcelona.