davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1898-05-28

~ .halnlng q per cent becomes
vs. 1the moment Of explosion, and on
sH xylng becomes potassium sulphate,
potassium carbonate and potassium sui
lions take place, and various solids are
formed which have never been success
fully analysed.
Inc ordinary charges placed In the
12-inch guns of the United States
warships during this complicated
chemical transformation exert a press
ure on the walls of the cannon of about
ssorty-three tons to the square inch. This
iorce serves to start the projectile and
develops a speed of 2,O19 feet per second
by the time the shot reaches the muzzle
or the cannon. Up to this stage of the
explosion the chemical action has gone
on IN perfect silence. The tremendous
tsp wn'cn plays such havoc with
the nerves of the gunners is not caused
oy the explosion itself. But as the pro-
9ecthe energies from the muzzle it leaves
behind 1t vacuum in the barrel of the
gun, and the report is caused by the
air in its rustl7 to- MI us this anont,
space. e-t. - oe'S
The hardest work a gunner is ca,,od
upon to do is to stand the Stremendn,,e
shock. The forces exerted by these gases
In expanding seem to radiate in all direc-,
ions from the cannon, as ripples are
caused by dropping a pebble in a noel of
still water AS a matter of fact, it has
been discovered that these lines of force
are exceedingly complicated affairs, ind
play very queer pranks about the cannon.
AS result, few people know just which
is the safest or the most dangerous place
for gunner to take beside his gun. The
center of disturbance at the moment Of
explosion is the mouth of the gun. In
the case Of the great thirteen-inch guns
on our monitors, position back of the
gunner is much easier than one nearer
the muzzle
In addition to this force there is an
immense pressure exerted on the sides of
the cannon. SO that another distinct SERIES
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1898-05-28

- er.ects on the armament Ur
world) took place in consequence of an
attempt to break the blockade at Hamp-
ton Roads. 1t was the battle Of the Mon
itor and the Merrimac. a1
J.. Nassau, in the Bahama islands: less
than three days. ruin from Charleston or
Wilmington, was a favorite place for
the fitting out OF blockade runners, and
the Bermudas, but c. short distance far
Their away, also offered excellent facilities
In this line. Previous to the war;. Nassau
was a quiet, insignificant place, whose
Inhabitants lived chiefly ON fish and oc-
casiona,ly did little business in wreck
ing. When it was made the chief base
for the contrahand trade, however, Mas
san beg an to wear quite different as
pect. Traders in forbidden stu!fs focked
there like the pirates oe old who swarmcd
ebout Jamaica. King Cotton was In his
glory. The harbcr was filled with yes
sells of all nations. Huge steamers and
three-ma sted ships astonished the be-
appeared on the wl.arves. and If q gold
mine had been discovered it could not
nave created \ greater STIR
The bulk of the blockade running was
done by English vessels, manned by En-
glish sailors, and as the war progressed
for the purpose I'm England. The leading
characteristic of these craft consisted Of
low and slender hulls, powerful engines.
twin screws and feathered paddles They
were unincombered by spars, save this.
one necessary to support the crows nest
for the lookout. They were painted a dull
white, the precise shade of which was
so nicely ascertaimed by experience that
a properly dressed runner on a dark night
was absolutely indiscernaIble at q cables
length. So particular were the captains
on this point that some OF them even
insisted upon their crews wearing white
when on duty at night It was the bust
ness of the blockade runner. to hide. to
run and not to fight. "A single blow or
shot in self-defense would at once turn
1T into pirate, with the penalty Of
death should blood be spilled. The pilot
was the most important man on board.
and for his services any price demanded
was paid. especially as the blockade OF
the Federal fleet became more and more
Stringent. Some pilots at this time re-
#ceived as high as So 600 a round trip
that IS. to the blockaded port and back
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1898-05-28

tnar:nlgnr we headed Tor Wilmington, N.
&C. At o'clock in the morning we sighted
the Cape Fear light, but as it would take
JUS nearly until daylight to reach the
blockading fleet, and then, if we failed
to run through, we should be surrounded
and captured, we once more put to sea.
All the next day we were chased and ran
away from everything that attempted to
run us down; as the shades of night were
descending we put in again for the shore.
The captain, knowing that he had not
CROUCH coal to steam back to Nassau If
he failed to run in, determined to attempt
It at all hazards and to land his crew and
passengers even If he had to beach his
vessel and blow 1t up. All the boats were
lowered from the davits and all on board
were told off in crews to every boat. so
that In case 1t became necessary to run
IN on the beach and destroy the vessel
there should be no confusion. When it
became dark all on board were ordered
on deck and we had to wear shirts over
our coats SO as not to oe seen at dis
lance, dark object being visible at
much greater distance than q white one
at night The passengers were assigned
to the duty OF passing the word to the
men at the wheel In a whisper from one
to the other. At last we were in tho
midst Of them, gliding like snake here
and there and seeming to pass through
UIs,
see the lights on the Yankee blockaders
to our right, left and in front OF u.s. At
last we were seen and a rocket went up;
then a breathless silence for few min
utes, many crouching behind the bull
arks, for we fully expected shower Of
shot and shell, and then we were under
the guns Of Fort Fisher and in safety.
There arose wild cheers from shore
which were re-echoed from the little
steamer with right good will. The
stokers and fremen crowded up from the
engine room; greg was served to the
crew, champagne corks flew in the cabin
end all went merrdiy as a marriage bell
So y ran the blockade and found myself
at last In Dixie
Probably the most noted Of all the
blockade runners was the Hon. Augustus
Charles Hobart Hampton, since Familiarity
known as Hobart Pasha. He was the
third son Of the earl Of. Bucknghamshire
and had entered the British navy in 1886,
serving against tha glaverg n Brazilian
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1898-05-28

+ inls was OWING TO the scarcity or COM
petent men and the risk they ran. They
could ply their trade only on dark nights
ana II captured they were sure to be
Kept E1 in prison until the end of the wal.
Hence they demanded high pay, and, If
: successful. made big money. One sucn
pilot, hailing from Wilmington. NJ c..
made fourteen trips without being CAP
tured, and after that he could afford to-
spend the rest of his days ashore.
That blockade running was full Of ex-
Element goes without saying. A graphic
description Of trip from Nassau in one
OF the fastest runners is given in the
diary of a Confederate staff officer:
he first day out" he says, "nothing
unusual occurred; we steamed all day;
ful!y seventeen miles an hour, and saw
nothing to prevent US from steering on
our course On the second day we had
to keep off a little, as we saw smoke to,
the southwark, but at might we could
see the Bulls Head light at the entrance
OF Charleston harbor. Owing to thick
1t was nearly daylight, and then. finding
ourselves very close to number of Fed
eral cruisers, we saw it was cutie i'm.
possible to run in. and so again put out
20 sea- Shortly after we again found
ourselves in dangerous proximity. to a,
cruiser 1t was painted white, and in
every respect made to resemble blockade
runner. indeed, it is not at all unlikely
mat 1t was ONE originally, and was cap
cured and converted into gunboat by the
enemy. -
we were discovered and a chase en-
sued which lasted all day. For several
hours the Yankee seemed to gain on us
ana the excitement was great on board
cur steamer. At ~ o'clock the cantain
gave orders to commence throwing the
cargo overheard, in order to tighten the
vessel, and package after package of
valuable machinery Was consigned to the
deep. An hour passed away and we
,1ound that we were distancing our pur-
suer; in a few hours more. owing to orr
great speed. we were out Of sight. and
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1898-05-28

restat1ons are numerous. Even profess
sors Of chemistry and physics are
stumped when they want to differentiate
all the gases set loose and the peculiar
effects they induce. The puff of whitish
smoke, the flash of fire, the dim image
of the flying projectile, the roar and the
recoil are all familiar, but back of all
these Is complex mass of phenomena
most bewildering to the mind of any but
an artillery expert First, the cubes.
disks, heXagons or irregular Jumps of
powder are chemically transformed into
a powerful, expanding gas the instant
firing takes place, says the New York
World. Then there are innumerable by
products that even chemists do not I'M
derStand. 1s",'a@.. =. =
I The explosion Of gunpowder is divided
into three distinct stages, called the ig-
milton, Inflammation and combustion.
The ignition is the setting on fire OF
the first grain. while the Inflammation
Is the spreading of the flame over the
surface of the powder from the point
up of each grain. The. value of gun
powder is due to the fact that when
subjected to sufficient heat it becomes
gas which expands with frightful
rapidity. The so-called explosion that
takes place when a match is touched
to gunpowder is merely chemical
change, during which there is a sudden
evolution of gases from the original
solid.
It has been calculated that ordinary
gunpOwder on exploding expands about
nine thousand times, or fills a space
this much larger as a gas than when
in solid form. When this chemical
change takes place In a closed vessel
the expansion may be made to do a
work like that Of forcing a projectile
along the bore Of the great gun or test
tube in the line Of least resistance.
The chemical composition Of gunpow-
der is very simple. The ordinary Eng
lish or brown gunpowder used at pres
ent in the United States navy is COM
posed Of Is per cent potassium nitrate,
Is per cent charcoal and 10 per cent sui
phur. At the instant Of explosion the
nitrate of soda gives of oxygen, which
combines with the carbon Of the char
coal, forming carhondioxide gas.
y has been calculated that only about
43 per cent by weight Of the powder is
converted by the explosion into gas.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1898-05-28
Not a Lucky Name.

The name OF the ex-Empress Eugene was
Montijo. 1t may be found that She Is q con-
nection Of the admiral at Manila. She was the
Spanish countess Of Teba, and her birthplace.
was Granada, which 10 q days journey from
her mothers birthplace In the mountains OF
Andaiusia The Boston Transcript thinks
Monti1o II not q permanently fortunate name.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1898-05-28
FIRING SINGH GUNS.

What This Really Means Effect
Upon Body and Mind.
Not one man in ten thousand has a
clear idea OF just what happens when
big cannon is fired. The physical mani
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1898-09-17
Died.

Martin Fuhrmann, who resides about
four miles this side of Fairburn on
French creek, about midnight on the
18th of September, at the age of 81.
Mr.. Fuhrmann came to the Hills in
June, 1885, from Buchanan county, Iowa.
Mr.. Fuhrmann was a German by birth
and leaves a wife and seven children
to mourn his loss. The family are
somewhat scattered. The oldest daugh-
ter is the wife of our townsman, Mr..
William Tarrant. The second daughter,
Mrs. G. A. Fishel, is now on a trip to
the Yellowstone park, and has not
heard the sad intelligence of her
fathers demise. The third daughter is
married to Mr.. e.. j. Smith, and is
living on his ranch near Fairburn. The
fourth daughter is the wife of J.. w.
Smith, living on Dry creek in this coun-
ty. The boys are Matthias and John are
living on the old place in Iowa, and the
third, Anthony, still lives on the ranch
on French creek.
The burial took place in Fairburn on
the 10th.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1898-09-17

Frank Smith. brother of Judge c. L.
Smith Of this city, who will be remem-
bered as a former resident Of this vicin-
| ity, came in Tuesday morning for a few
days visit with the family Of the latter,
prior to his departure for his home in
Whitewood. Mr.. Smith was a member
Of Captain Bullock's company in Orig
by's regiment of Rough Riders, which
was mustered out at Chickamauga last
week. He says the boys Of the regi-
ment were glad to be mustered out now
that the war is over, as camp life or gar
rison duty is not to their liking. Mr..
Smith says there was considerable sick
ness at Chickamauga, and thinks a great
deal of it could have been prevented
if proper sanitary precautions had been
taken before the rainy season set in.
He also says that while the life at the
camp was a hard one, it was the regular
army life and he had no kick coming.
The ~rations we're the regular army ra.
tons, and were, Of course, somewhat
different from what the boys were used
to and caused lots of grumbling, but it
was the regular army diet, and there
war enough Of it. Mr.. Smith says he
rode to and from the park in Pullman
car at the governments expense, and
has no fault to find with the exception
of not getting to the front.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1898-09-17
Senatorial Convention.

Notice is hereby given that the Demo
Gratis, Populists and Free Silver Repub'
leans of Custer and Fall River counties
will meet in delegate convention in
Buffalo Gap, South Dakota, on Saturday
the lst day Of October. 1898, at 2 o'clock
p. IN. of that day, for the purpose OF
placing in nomination n candidate for
Senator for the 4lst Senatorial district,
comprising Custer and Fall River coun.
ties, S. ID.
The basis Of representation will be
one delegate for every so votes, or major
fraction thereof, cast in each county for
Hon. A. l.. Lee for governor in 1896,
Upon this basis each county will be en-
titled to delegates to the convention as
follows, to-wit:
Custer county III
Fall River county ii
By order Of the Democratic, Populist
and Free Silver Republican Senatorial
committe. Meeting held September 3,
1898.
A. w. RIoRDAN, Secretary.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1898-09-17
D~istinQulghed Visitors.

Messrs. Fitzpatrick Brothers & Collins
passed through Custer on the afternoon
Of the 18th, ostcnsibIy for a trip to Syl-
van lake. The party were eight in
number and drove oyer from Newcastle.
They were accompanied by Mr.. Weston
of the Il. q NJ. r. K. and his son., Mr..
Joseph Robertson, who is a mining ex-
pert in the employ Of the Consolidated
Smelling and Refining Company of
Argentine, Kansas, and Mr.. II. G.
Beeler, who is the chemist for the firm
of Fitzpatrick Bros, & Collins, owners OF
the extensive coal mines at Newcastle,
Wyoming. The party made but a brief
stop in town, and in company with Mr..
III. Reinbold, the Omaha chemist, drove
down to the Lizzie mine, which is stu
ated about two miles east Of this place.
They examined that group of mines
and then drove over to inspect the vast
deposits Of iron which is found on Iron
creek, about IA miles in a northeasterly
direction from Custer City.
While nothing definite is known of
the intentions Of the gentlemen, or what
particular object they have in mind
which prompted their visit to our
district at this time, yet it is believed
from the general appearance and make
up of the party that it signifies the add
vent of a new era Of activity in mining
for the southern Hills in the neal future.
These are the kind of men we like to
see come among is, and we bid them
welcome. We have long since been
aware of the fact, that to make a perfect
success in mining, three things are re-
q~uisite. lst, mining knowledge, End,
capital, and 3rd, nerve. In this party
we have the three combined in an emf
nent degree and they are not liable to
make any mistakes, and of the many
good %showings around Custer, if they
cannot find anything to suit, they will
indeed be hard to please.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1898-09-17

Whereas, James w. Taylor and Mary f.
Taylor, his wife, did on the 18th day of April, 1890
mortgage to the Western Dakota Loan and Trust
Company, to secure a certain note given by said
James w. Taylor on April IA, 1890, the North
west Quarter of Section Thfrty-four l34), in
Township Five (5l South of Range Seven "a,
East of the Black Hills Meridian, containing 160
acres, in Custer County, State of South Dakota,
which mortgage was duly recorded In the office
Of Register of Deeds of said Custer County, on
the 10Th day of April, 1890, in Book 5, on page 80,
and which mortgage was thereafter duly assign
ed to James b. Loring, as will appear by assign
ment of record. And whereas, default exists and
there is now due on said note and mortgage the
sum of $45S. 80, besides the sum of S1S.45 for
taxes necessarily paid, and the further sum Of
500 attorneys fees, as allowed by law.
Now, therefore, notice is hereby given, that
the said mortgage will be foreclosed by the sale
of the above described premises on the 18th day
of October, 1898, at 10 O'Clock in the forenoon, at
the front door OF the Court House, at Custer
City, in the County OF Custer, State of South
Dakota, to satisfy the amount due, including ALI
fees and costs of sale.
Dated, August 81, 1898.
FRANK WALSH,
Sheriff of Custer County, So. Oak.
EDWIN VAN CIsE,
Attorney for Assignee.
First publication, Sept. 3, 1898.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1898-09-17
PROPOSED
To the Constitution of the State of South
Dakota.

To the people of the State OF South Dakota:
The Fifth Legislature of the said State Of
South Dakota, at the session thereof begun and
and concluded on March 8, 1897, proposed the
following amendment to the constitution of the
state, viz
A Joint Resolution Proposing, and Agreeing
State of South Dakota and Submitting such
Amendment to q Vote OF the People.
BE it Resolved by the Senate, the House Of Rep
resentatiyes Concurring Therein
l.. Question Submitted.l THAT the fol-
lowing amendment to the constitution Of the
State of South Dakota is hereby agreed to, and
which amendment, when approved and ratified,
shall become part of the constitution as Article
twenty-seven (2) thereof.
Article XVII. s IL The manufacture and
sale of intoxicating liquors shall be under ex-
elusive state control and shall be conducted by
duly authorized agents OF the state who shall
be paid by salary and not by commissions. All
liquors sold shall first be examined by a state
chemist and the purity thereof established.
9. Legislature to Provide for Enforce
ment.l The legislature shall by law prescribe
regulations for the enforcement OF the provi-
sions OF this article and provide suitable and
adequate penalties for the violation thereof"
The above proposed amendment will be voted
upon by the people at the general election to be
November, A.. ID. 1898.
The proposed amendment will be printed up
on each ballot, followed by the words: 'Shall
the above amendment TO the constitution in
relation TO State Control of The Manufacture
aud Sale of intoxicating Liquor be Approved
and Ratitied?" Immediately to the left OF
which shall be printed the words yes" and
NO." each preceded by "A square in which the
elector can place a cross to indicate his vote.
Electors desiring to vote Eyes" Will place q
cross before the word "Yes," and those desir-
ing to vote mo" will place a cross before the
word NO"
Dated at Pierre, the capital of South Dakota,
this lst day of August, 1898.
WILLIAM III. RODDLE,
Secretary OF State.
T;.a. n,IT,o,.io, lnx n ,ono
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1898-09-17
A Narrow Escape.

Thankful words written by Mrs. Ada
+. Hart, of Groton, S. ID. "Was taken
with a bad cold which settled on my
lungs cough set in and finally termin'
ated in Consumption. -Four Doctors
gave me up, saying l could live but a
short time. / gave myself up to my
Savior, determined if | could not stay
with my friends on earth, l would meet
my absent ones above. My husband
was advised to get DR.. Kings New Dis
covery for Consumption, Coughs and
Colds. I gave it a trial, took in all eight
bottles. 1t has cured me, and thank
God, i am saved and now a well and
healthy woman" Trial bottles free at
A j. Jones & Co.'S drug store. Regular
size SOC. and 5 100. Guaranteed or price
refunded.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1898-09-17

views and substance for a series of dis
criptive pamphlets for the Burlington
company.
ii. T. Smith and J. c. Snidow, ofFair'
burn, came in Thursday evening fol
attendance at the triple convention
which has been in session yesterday and
today.
Alex Irwin, who left the Hills on The
7th Of March for the Klondike, return,
ed on the morning Of the 10Th in good
health and spirits, but well satisfied tc
return to his first love to stay.
Mrs. ]. b. Meikle and children, Bruce
and Moneta, who have been the guests
Of Mr.. and Mrs. S. n. Fitch during the
past two months, departed for their
home in Omaha Tuesday evening.
Mrs. James Wright. and Mr.. Louis g
Wright of Cleveland, Ohio, mother and
brother Of Mrs. +. G. Johnson Of this
place, arrived last Saturday for a few
weeks visit with the ~latter's family.
Mrs. =. j. Lynch, of Victor Colorado,
sister OF Mrs. T. V. Garlock and Frank
Walsh of this city, is expected TO arrive
Sunday evening from Lead for a few
days visit with relatives and friends.
Parker Hare returned Saturday from
the Andrew surgical institute at Stella
Nebraska. Mr.. Hare has been an in.
mate of this institute for the last three
months and returns much improved in
health.
f. J. V. Rutkowski, G. C. Crazy, James
Clark, w. j. Soper, Odo Reder and Nell
Handy returned the latter part of last
week from Deadwood, where they have
been in attendance at the United States
court.
Mr.. Ii. Reinbold, wife and children.
and Miss Title Flick, sister Of Mrs. Rein.
bold, who have been visiting in this
place for the past two weeks, expect to
leave for their home in Omaha Sunday
evening.
M. A. Willis, accompanied by Mr..
Hiram Dunn, Of Rochester, n. Y, father
of Mrs. Willis, went to Deadwood, and
other northern Hills points Wednesday
morningo n a sight seeing tour. They
returned Thursday evening.
G. Il. Smith, L. l.. Rogers. w. ID. Nc,
Fadden, s. II. Kendall, Charles Young
Chris Wilkinson and DR.. II. w. Calkins
returned Saturday evening from Rapid
City, whittier they went last week to
institute a lodge of Modern Woodmen,
They report as having been royalty en-,
tertained by the members of the new
camp.
j. 7. Elliott, United States district at.
torney, and f. b. Kennedy, United States
marshal, and their wives, came in Mon,
day evening from DeadwOod, where
they have been attending United States
curt. They spent Tuesday ut the
lake, in company with Mr.. and Mrs. w
G. Porter, and departed in the evening
for their homes in the eastern part Of
the state.