davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30

an act which Cauchy. the French jur-
list. characterized as "odious and per
lidious. an Insult against the principles
of eternal justice flung in the face Of
humanity Continental authorities
are fond of proclaiming that since that
time the custom has been to direct
projectles, not against the town itself,
but against its Notifications. The
grounds for this claim are that when
France demanded satisfaction Of MeXi-
co in 1888. her forces attacked. not the
town of Vera Cruz. but the fortress st.
Jean d'Illoa, which was forced tn sun
render But in 1S41 United States
forces under General Scott attacked
the town itself. Another citation for
the modera ton of latter-day warfare is
the fact that in the Crimean war the
allied armies directed their attack. not
against the town of Sebastopol. but
against the fortress of Malakoff. Yet
in the end the town was destroyed
Also in the Franco Prussian war of
1870 the Germans forced the surrender
of - towns by training their guns not
against the Notifications but against
the houses of the inhabitants. In the
commandment of Alexandria. however,
in 1852. the guns We're trained eNclu-
sively upon the Qualifications, and the
place surrendered in ten hours.
Thus modern practice would indicate
that the right of commandment Of
towns. and thus the right Of laying
them under contribution. has not been
abandoned to sufficient degree to pre-
vent the prartirp being "A pT0ha BILE in
cidcnt of naval warfare. In the pres
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30

The above armies employ $40, 800
horses in time of peace
In Asia there are about 500, 900 men
under arms, divided as follows: Persia,
$4,000: Japan. 100 900: India 200o00
China, 1000, and the remainder in
the other Asiatic countries.
North and South America are set
down as the least protected considering
the extent Of territory. They foot up.
on a peace footing. of course. Cnh
100000 regular soldiers, scattered as fol-
lows: Mexico. 10000: the United
States 10000. and $4,000 in Brazil, thu
Argentine Republic. Chilli Paraguay,
Peru, Venezuela, ana Colombia.
In Africa and the archipelagoes of
occanica there are about 10000 regu-
lars.
The standing armies of all civilized
nations amount TO 100000 soldiers,
with 100000 horses. The cost Of keep
ing this military population amounts To
about FIVE billion dollars a year.
So much for the armies in time of
peace, Now let us take look at the
figures in war paint. Here they are;
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30
THE TOPEKA.
Sketch OF Our New Cruiser Now Crossing
the Atlantic.

bassy at London on April ., that the Uni
ted States had purchased a second-class
cruiser of $500 tons displacement, and
which had a speed of 16 knots per hour
It was soon known that this boat was the
"Diogenes," which was built for Peru in
1883. She never became the property Of
that country. owing to financial compli-
cations, and she remained in the posses
sion of the Thames Shpbulding Com
pany. She lay in the Thames for more
than ten years, and it was not until the
Chinese-Japanesc trouble that she was
sought after. She then became the prop
erty of Japan. and was fitted with Max
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30

patched against a fleet of the enemy 5
ships.
A series of tests We're carried out on
March y. for the benefit Of Lieut.. Sar
geant of the naval auxiliary board.
The work was done in 50 feet of water
and gave full satisfaction both TO MI.
Holland and the government expert
The first trials consisted Of a series Of
surface runs at a speed Of ten knots,
in which the boat showed great
maneuVerinS power changing her
course through 81 degrees With aston
ishng rapidity. The diving test was
made at the same speed, and upon the
diving ruddcrs being thrown into posi-
ton. the boat buried her nose ana
went down at an angle of II degrees
with the surface At a depth Of seven
feet, as Indicated by her llagpoles. she
came to an even Keel ana ran forward
steadily for several hundred yards. An
ascent was then made. the boat coming
up nose first at the same angie as she
descended. The cover Of the coming
tower was then thrown open ana Mr.
Holland announced that he would dive
completely out of sight. This time she
diVed completely out of sight, the flag
poles disappearing altogether No trace
of the vessel was visible until she made
her appearance suddenly at 4 point
several hundred yards distant from the
point at which the descent was made.
Later test was made of the bow aerial
torpedo gun. and With a reduced air
pressure Of coo pounds Gas against the
fuli pressure of 1000 pounds) a dummy
torpedo was thrown Il distance of 800
NardS.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30
HE CRUISER ATLANTIC.

parts, and all structures solely devoted
to the purposes of war but we may not
destroy public or private edifices of
civil character unless their destruction
is necessary to prevent their affording
protection to the enemy or is a neceS-
sary operation Of a land siege" OBJ
NiouSly. if the doctrine of these writer's
holds. there is an end to the operations
of fleets against cities, fortified or I'M
fortified. except for the purpose of
landing forces sufficient to hold the
place. There is no longer any pillage
in war. and no city will pay contribu-
tons if the fear of bombardment is re-
moved.
But there is high authority on the
other side of the case. Wolsey holds.
that any means of assaiing fort
may he used which are likely to be sue
cessful" Hall. one of the best Of mod
ern authorities, holds that the bonn
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30

ent condition of international law.
Spain would have no difficulty in iust
flying such action should she get the
opportunity to do il. In her present
national condition. not even the chiN-
alric courtesy and honor of the days of
her departed glory would be sufficient
to prevent her using to the full any adj
vantage over our seaboard that the
fortunes of war might give her. 20
prevent such an occurrence it is better
to rely upon the strong right arm Of
force than upon the indefinite and I'M
enforcible principles of the law of ma
tions-Boston Transcript.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30

policy of France to conform to his
views. The British government at once
asked the French cabinet whether this
was it's official view The French gov
eminent Immediately disavowed any
official adoption of this policy of war
fare. but there can be little doubt that
il was seriously contemplated
In 1878 there was great probability of
war between Russia and England. A
Russian fleet was assembled at Vladi
vostok. and the proposed policy was
undoubtedly to send it to attack the
undefended towns on the coast of Aus
tralia and TO lay them under contribu
ton.
In 1888 and 1889, during the British
naval -manOeuVreS, attempts were
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30

bardment of towns in order to put
pressure on their commander through
the misery of their inhabitants is sane
toned by usage, though he adds it is a
survival of barbarism which cannot be
excused, and is a glazing violation of
the principle by which custom pro-
fesses to be governed. This principle
is that the measure of permissible VIC
lence is furnished by the reasonable
necessities of war; necessities that is.
for the success of the operations.
Here the principles Of international
law are strangely Inconsistent. New
Bedford the theory says. may not be
bombarded or laid under contribution.
Boston. because it has a few, a very
few. defensive Notifications, may be
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30

legally subjected to This harsh measure
of war.
The practice Of the present century
does not afford much hope that in the
event of war the principles of the law
of nations ould be made logically con
sistept by the abandonment Of the
practice OF directing naval attacks
upon the inhabitants of a city instead
Of upon its Qualifications. In 1901 Mel
son bombarded Copenhagen in order 10
force the surrender Of the Danish fleet.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30
ASSESSORS NOTICE.
To the Taxpayers OF
the City of Augusta:

You are hereby notified to bring in true
and complete lists of your polls and es-
tates, real and personal, not by law ex-
empt from taxation, of which you were
possessed on the first day of April, 1898
and as Executor, Administrator. Guar
dian or Trustee; also number of dogs and
poultry For the purpose of receiving
said lists and administering the oath au-
thorzed thereto the undersigned. Assess
ors of said city. will be in session OF
their office in CITY HALL, each Satur-
day before or on the eth day of May next.
from to II o'Clock A. NJ, and from 10
O'Clock F. NJ, and also on all stormy
days up to and including that date.
Failing to bring in such lists. YOU will
thereby BE BARRED OF ANY RIGHT
to make application to the County Com
missioners for an abatement of any taxes
which may be assessed against you.
Blanks for returns may be had of us on
application. or by calling at the Office OF
the City Treasurer.
CHARLES w. JONES,
CLARENCE b. BURLEIGH
JOSEPH IL. WALL.
Assessors of Augusta
April /, 1898.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30
Fighting Forces Ct the World.

The latest addition to the military
census of the world presents some
queer figures At the present time
Europe has 3,5oo,ooo men under arms,
The following are the figures Of the
different armies on a peace footing:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30

Animals are often able to bear very
protracted fasting. In the Italian
earthquakes of 1895 two hogs were
buried in the ruins of a building They
We're taken out alive IL days later, b,tt
very lean and weak.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30

No doubt the statistician. while wad-
ing through the above flood of figures.
forgot some of the National Guard of
the United States. but one can easily
afford TO forgive him. His discoveries
are interesting all the same.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1898-04-30

The first mention of the pine organ in
history is in connection with Solomon'S
Temple where there was an organ with
10 pipes
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16
A HANDSOME BUILDING.
A Structure Of the Doric Order, and
Impressive Dimensions.

Structure Of the Doric Order, and
Impressive Dimensions.
The Manufactures building designed
by John j. Humphreys of Denver, is
a handsome structure of the DCric or
der, modified to compOrt with nine
teenth century requirements. The re-
suit is a building OF simple dignity,
having an air Of repose considered
requisite in a large building.
The facade presents frontage of 400
feet, accentuated at center and end
with paviiOns, sixty-four and forty feet
respectively, thereby obtaining sutfi-
,ient variety of mass The solidity Of
these payilions and their strong per-
pendicuIar lines and shadows give a
strong contrast of light and shade.
The height of the building to the top
II the main cornice is forty feet; the
height of order thirty feet, resting on
ltylobate ten feet high. The height of
The center pavilion to the top of the
browning group OF statuary is eighty
Ave feet to the top OF the dome. The
Iarge windows, ten feet wide by twenty
our feet nigh, placed at intervals OF
ixteen feet, and the roof having a large
syklight area, make the interior very
bligh> and cheerful.
The center entrance is twenty-four
feet high, and very rich decoration,
banked on either SIDE by coupled col
aims aad their accom- panying plaster,
standing six feet from the walls. The
main cornice breaks around a prOjec
ton of columns supporting pedestals
for groups OF statuary twelve feet high.
The center of the pavilion is crowned
by a colossal group of statuary. There
are also single statues between columns
resting on stylobate projected out to
receive them. The spandreIs above
the arch are decorated with bas-relieis.
The end pavilions with their entrances
are crowned by shallow domes.
The entire interior elaboration will
be confined to classic ornaments. The
ceiling, large barrel vault, with in
tersecting cross-vaults, is richly cotfered
and deliberately decorated. On the
walls it is here proposed to have mural
paintings emblematic of manufactures.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16
EXPOSITION OF 1898.
Graphic Description OF the Grounds and
Various Buildings.

Sleighing in white city! Can you
picture it? Imagine a clear, cold sky
overhead, six inches of newly fallen
snow beneath, a keen, braclng atmos-
phere such as YOU find only in the mid
die western states and a second white
city where the snowy covering under
foot is rivaled only in the classic build
ings; where the artistic work OF both
nature and art are exemplitied, and YOU
have the present appearance OF the
grounds of the Trans Mississippi and
International Exposition at Omaha
Riding north on Sherman avenue we
pass the Bluff tract on our right where
the building of horticulture Will stand.
The street of foreign villages will also
be situated here. OF the state built
ings that are on the road to completion,
Nebraska and Illinois lead the van,
while the ground is being prepared Tor
the Wisconsin, Iowa and Georgia build
ings, with all the other states enthusl-
astic in regard to their respective eX-
hibts in this direction. The upper
half of the Bluff -tract will be devoted
to gorgeous display of natures rarest
blossoms, the leading florists OF Phila-
delphia, Pittsburg, Boston, and On
cago contemplating growing displays
of these fairest of natures products.
The building OF horticulture prom
Uses to be one of the most unique in de-
sign. 1t is reached by viaduct which
connects the Bluff tract with the main
exposition grounds and forms a YER
dant, fragrant center around which
cluster the different state buildings.
All kinds and varieties of novelties in
the horticultural field will be placed
before an unsuspecting public. The
chime of the states will ring out from
its belfry every evening at sunset and
each separate bell which Will represent
one OF the links in our glorious chain
OF states will help swell the song of
peace and liberty-America forever!
Here we turn in to the gate on our
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

! ivory tone, but festoons of cereals and
| garlands OF flowers are thrown into
| strong relief by being finished in all
their natural varying shades OF color.
! At the top is a magnificent production
representing the figure "Prosperitvn
supported on either side by heroic
statues of Labor and Integrity.
But we cannot linger here, and after
passing the liberal arts building. we
come to the main south entrance OF the
grounds--and one that will always re-
main az the entrance of Kountze park
1t is the arch of the states, and one OF
the prettiest bits of architecture on the
grounds. 1t is constructed entirely of
stone, each successive layer being from
some one of the Mississippi states
Above the arch appears series OF
stone tablets upon which are pictured
the coats of arms of the tWenty-three
states in cOlored faience. Immediately
opposite the arch Of the states, rises
the slender pinnacle OF the administra
ton arch, which connects the agricul-
tural with the manufactures building
This last should be mentioned ON ac-
count OF its impressive dimensions, of
which the description OF the main en-
trance will impart fair idea of the
general plan To the top OF its crown
ing group Of statuary, the distance is
eighty-hve feet.
Here the last of the chain of lakes
spreads out into glistening trefoil,
we'll called the mirror. Facing it and
looking down upon the beautiful ar
rangemeut of the entire court, stands
the government building. The main
entrance which faces the center of the
mirror will be mp broad flight OF
stairs and through a colonnade. The
main building will be capped by CO.
lossal dome which will tower far above
all other buildings Surmounting this
dome is an heroic figure representing
Liberty Enlightening the World" and
the height to the torch in its hand Will
be rs feet.
We had reached the end Of the court
and turning back, | let my magma
ton picture the scene as it would APP
pear when golden summer has replaced
the snowy scene with her own glorious
splendor. In my minds eye, | could
see the FLASHING OF the fountains, the
richness of the verdure, the merry
crowds that will fill the streets and en-
frances, / could see the winding walks,
the shaded arbOrs and could hear the
songs of the gondoliers and the hum
of thousands OF voices. could see "A
great object lesson being taught, of the
patience and perseverance of the loyal,
interchangeable western workers-and
over all and crowning ALL saw-suc-
cess. ELSIE REASONER
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

One remedy for The lodging Of taxes
on personal property suggested 10y Gen
eral Harrison is entitled to something
more than casual consideration. 1t is
that a meeting of the tax commission
crs of Il considerable number OF States
be held, to consult as to some plan for
the taxation of personal property that
will secure a uniform system. one Of
the emDarrasSmeAtS at the present time
IL that when Il State undertakes to
adopt a plan which will increase the
taxation of certain classes of property,
it becomes a serious loser by the re-
moyal of those who are taxed under
such a system. New Jersey is said to
be the paradise of New York tax dodg-
ers. Ohio is said to have lost a num-
Der of wealthy citizens because the
State undertook to tax them. One was
so incensed, not long ago, that he dis
posed of all his property in Ohio and
left the State in something of a huff.
Tax commissioners, like insurance ana
labor commissioners. could meet, CON
slider plans and finally adopt some one
of them. This plan they could recon-
mend to the Legislatures of the States
represented, and thereby uniform sys.
tenn for more adequate taxation could
be secured. Taxation is not one of the
topics which the people generally dis
cuss. They complain of local taxation .
but when the topic is discussed 1t -
Federal TAXATION usually the taXotioO
of the poor TO pay for bonds. This may
be important, but, compared with local
taxation, it is inconseQuential. The
agitation of the topics which General
Harrison has brought to the front in
| neighborhoods, in village or township
| meetings for the purpose would cal
public attention to the injustice in a
manner which could not fail to be gen
| orally beneficial.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

The Introduction of bills for the re-
moyal of the charge of deserton from
men who enlisted in the armies of the
Union in our great war, and who Jailed
10 put in an appearance when Their
commands were mustered out has been
going on for third of century. Ii
Is the general opinion of honorably dis
charged soldiers that this thing has
gone far enough. They assert, and
they know something about the mat
ter, that most of these deserters are
men who enlisted for bounties and cot
out at the first opportunity.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

The course taken by the French min
istry in arbitrarily forbidding discus
sion of its acts was foreseen. 1t is the
course that has been taken shortly be-
fore lis fall by each of the French gov
ernments that has been overthrown by
revolution during the past seventy
years. The precedentS do not warrant
the Inference that a change is at hand.
The second empire and the citizen king
both went on for several years after
the policy of suppressing criticism had
been adopted. But this sort Of VIC
lence reveals a weakness that had been
yelled, and by that disclosure invites
and encourages assault.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

Great Britain's policy Of opening up
to the whole world whatever markets
she herself wins by her shrewd diplo-
macy is about to triumph in China, to
the advantage not only Of herself, but
of all commercial nations The result
will be that American ships will soon
be permitted to penetrate the very
heart Of the richest part of China and
American commerce viii be exceed
ingly shortsighted unless it joins in the
exploitation of this land Of great COM
mercial promise. This triumph of En-
gliSh diplomacy may be looked upon as
Of immense value to the whole En-
glish-Speakng world, ourselves as well
as Great Britain.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

The conclusion is forced upon us that
the builders of warships might collab,
crate with the architects of the great
with safety. The agents of the Atlantic
liners never lose much sleep when one
of the ships Is overdue. They admit
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

that her machinery may be broken, but
experience has taught them that her
chances are good for making port, des'
pite the handicap. our great warships
founder about in calm harbors, strike
n sandbar or an insignificant tug and
promptly go into dry dock for repairs
costing thousands of dollars. There is
a lesson In this for somebody, possibly
the builder of modern Dattle-Ships.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

The great isothermal line Of baked
beans includes Dawson City in British
Alaska. Outtitters in Seattle aud San
Francisco complain bitterly of the in.
Teasing scarcity of the most succuleni
of intellectnouriShing vegetables.
There has not yet been any rumor of
organization in Boston of a society for
the promotion of canned beans in Alas
ka, but it would be good neighboriy
act Every family in Boston could give
a pot of beans ana never feel it.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

An exchange says: The hair on the
head Of most of the hundreds of thou
sands of dolls exhibited in shop win
dowS is made from the hair Of the An
CORA goat" That's probably why the
kids all like dolls
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

\ gun tested near Washington re-
Gently threw a shell over ten miles,
which means that hostile ship would
be under fire for twenty miles in pass
ing a battery. Such target practice
will make it interesting for the ship.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

Susan b. Anthony says that ''the
grievances women have against the
common enemy man-to-day are as
many as the colonists had against
King George" Then why not follow
the example of the colonists-tig-ht for
independence first and for the union
nf1nrNYnrl
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

1t has been prophesied that the high
price Of wheat would result in causing
the farmers Of the Northwestern
States to put in an Increased acreage.
which would mean larger production
and consequent reduction in price. But
the high price of wheat has melted the
farmers to sell every buShel of wheat
they had, and there is said to be q
scarcity, especially In Minnesota and
North Dakota, of wheat for seeding
purposes Those two States require
about 100000 bushels for seeding.
and it does not appear to be in the
hands of the farmers. The quality of
the wheat in both those States has
been deteriorating for several years
and If the farmers are this year oblig
ed to import their seed from Manitoba
there is a prospect that 1t viii result
in a better grain than they have recent
ly produced. 1t may be, therefore,
that the ayidity of the farmers to get
the highest price for their wheat may
result to their advantage in the end.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1898-04-16

The Pail Mall Gazette seeks to agi-
tate us by disclosing the fact that a
genuine prince is waiter in a New
York hotel 1t would really agitate New
York - learn that any of our palace
hotel walters is less than IA prince, for
that IS what their manners have i'm
pressed upon us.