The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1898-03-21
which the importation or expectation was

not prohibited by such treaty.
THE former limitations of trade OF for
eign nations to certain persons appointed
at Canton by the government, and COM
monty called hong merchants. was there
by abolished. and citizens of the United
States engaged in the purchase or sale of
imports or exports. were by these articles
of said treaty admitted to trade with any
and all subjects of China without distinc-
ton. and were not to be subject to any
new limitations or impeded in their bust
ness by m~onopolies or other injurious re-
strictions.
AT the places of anchorage of the YES
sells of the United States, the citizens of
the United States, merchants. seamen or
others sojourning there might pass and
repass in the immediate neighborhood:
but they could not at their pleasure make
excursions into the country among tho
villages at large. nor could they repair
to public marts for the purpose of dis
posing Of goods unlawtully and in fraud
of the revenue.
A the citizens of the United States
i'm China. peaceably attending to their af-
fairs, were placed on a common footing
of amity and good will will subjects of
China. and were entitled to receive and
enjoy for themselves and everything. per-
tanning to them. the special protection of
the local authorities of government. who
were required to defend them from all
lI1Suit OIL INJURY U any SoTt OH the part
of the Chinese.
IF the citizens of the United States
had special occasion to address any COM
munication to the Chinese local officers
or government, they were required to
submit the same to their consul. or Other
officer. to determine RI the language be
proper or respectful and the matter just
and right: in which event the consul
would transmit the same to the appro-
pirate authorities for their consideration
and action I'm the premises. And IL the
controversies should arise between citi-
zens of the United States and subjects of
China. which could not be amicably set
tied otherwise. the same should be exam
ined and decided conformably to justice
and equity by the public officers of the
two nations. acting in conjunction.
1T was stipulated that the provisions
of said treaty should not be altered with
out grave cause; but inasmuch as the
circumstances of the several ports of
China open to foreign commerce are diff
ferent. experience may show that incon-
siderable notifications are requisite i'm
those parts which relate to and
navigation: in which case the two gov
ernments will. at the expiration of -
years from the date of said convention.
treat amicably concerning the same by
the means of suitable persons appointed
to conduct such negotiation.
I'm 1858. which was nearly IL years af-
ter the ratification of the first treaty with
China. and during the administration of
President Buchanan. the two govern
ments adopted and renewed in a manner
clear and positive. by means of a treaty
or general convention of peace. amity and
commerce. the rules which in future were
to be mutually observed I'm the Intercourse
of their respective countries.
This treaty was substituted for the
treaty of 1874. so far as the provisions
related to identical subjects. and had the
effect of opening additional ports to COM
merce. and permitted citizens of the Unit
ed States. with their families. to trade
therein. and to proceed at pleasure with
their vessels and merchandise from any
of said ports to any other of them. Prior
to the adoption of this last named treaty.
the vessels of the United States had not
been admitted TO trade freely with the
ports of china on an equal footing with
the vessels of other countries; but his
treaty had the effect to open TO the Unit
ed States all the ports of China which
were at that time open to foreign COM
merce. Followins the rule laid down in
article "a of the treaty of 1874. which pro-
vided that additional articles might be
made thereto every IL years. the I'm ted
States and the Ia Using empire entered
into articles additional to the treaty OF
1858. which were ratified by the president
in 1868, and which was known as the Bur-
lingame treaty. In the last named treaty
the emperor of China was delegated with
the right to appoint consuls at ports of
the United States, who should enjoy the
same privileges and immunities as those
which are enjoyed by public law end
treaty in the United States by the consuls
of Great Britain and Russia. or either OF
them. This treaty. by it's articles, rec
ognizes the inherent and inalienable right
Of man to change his home and allegiance.
and also the mutual advantage of the free
migration and immigration of citizens and
subjects respectively from one country
to the other. for the purpose of curiosity,
of trade. or as permanent residents. 1t
provided that citizens of the United
States visiting or residing i'm China
should enjoy the same privileges. mmuni-
ties or exemptions in respect TO travel or
residence as may there be 'ni,yed by the
citizens or subjects of the most favored
nation; and. reciproeally. Chinese sub
iects visiting or residing I'm che Tuiied
States shall enjoy the camc privileges.
immunities and exemptions in respect II
travel or residence as may here be en-
joyed by the citizens or subjects of the
most favored nation; but nothing therein
contained should be held to confer nat
uralization upon citizens of the United
States I'm China, nor upon the subjects of
China in the United States. IT is further
provided that Chinese subjects should en-
joy all the privileges of The public educa-
tional institutions under the control of
the government of the United States
which are enjoyed ia the respective coun-
tries by the citizens or subjects of the
most favored nation. and that Chinese
subjects may freely establish and main
tain schools within the United States at
those places where foreigners are by
treaty permitted to reside.
Under the provisions of the treaty of
1868. as well as those of former treaties,
hordes of Chinese laborers. who were
subjects of the Ia Using government.
took advantage of their plenary condi-
tions and literally poured into the United
States. and not until protest after pro-
test had gone up from the people against
this influx of immigration. which ondan-
gered the good order nf certain localities
within its boundaries. namely tine Pacific
coast states and t5rf tories. did tlle gov
m of the United State by Is 6rn-
gress. take legislative action tneraon. and