The sun., 1898-12-27


not only should have given such recoe
milton, but should have interposed on behal
: OF tho Insurgents. had not England ant
France notified Secretary FISH that the!
could not permit US TO treat the Cubai
question as one in which tho United Statei
and Spain were exclusively concerned
Such modification was, Of course, equiv
alent to writ Of prohibition.
That the acts Of bRrbarism perpetrated
by the spsninrds during tho ten years wal
afforded prccedents for the regime Of saw
agery maintained by Gen. wEYLER will be
evident when we recall that, In the twenty.
seven months from October, 1865 to De
cember, 1870. the Spaniards avowedly put
TO death 2,65s men. women and children,
outside OF those who died fighting or
from wounds, or who were sent in irons to
Ceuta. Our Secretary Of State protested,
but In vain, against a decree issued In April,
1869, by the Conde de vAINIAcEDA to the
effect that every Cuban from the age Of 10
years who should be found out of his house
and not bo able to give q good reason for
1t should be shot, and that every house
without a white Gag should be reduced to
ashes. The policy Of the Spanish COM
nanders was sdiscfosedinlet letters, intercepted
and published In 1869, from PEDRO PARDON,
an officer Of volunteers, to RosENDo RrvAs: !:
| mot single Cuban will remain In this isle,
because We shoot all those we find in the
| fields, on their farms and IN every howell"
And again: 1--WE do not leave q creature
alive where we pass. be It man or animal.
The island will become q desert" This
policy drew the following comments from
the editor Of a Barcelona paper, the Estado
Cdtdlan: "Blushing from shame, and with
hearts dripping blood, we do confess, in
view Of what is now happening. that for
eigners are right Africa begins ut the Pyr-
enees, and not the Africa Of the Moroccans,
but the Africa Of the Kaf1lrs."
In spite Of her recourse to indiscriminate
slaughter. and In spite of her sacrifice Of
two hundred thousand soldiers and $780,
ooo, 900. Spain proved unable to suppress
the insurrection. The ten years war was
stopped In 1878, not through the superior
ity Of the mother country in the field, but
by the Treaty Of Zanjon, negotiated by
Marshal MARTINEZ CAMPos, relying upon
whose honor most Of the Cuban insurgent
chiefs surrendered, believing that his
promises Of political and fiscal reforms
Woulu De nOHOTapIy Iullllle0.
It was the fault not of Marshal MARTINEZ
CAMPos, but OF the Madrid Executive, that
Spain's plighted word was broken. For sew
enteen years the most strenuous endeavors
were made by leading Cubans and by some
upright Spaniards to persuade the Madrid
Government to comply with the terms Of
the Treaty Of Zanion. 1t was not until the
futility Of oil such efforts was generally
recognized that the Cuban people deter |
mined to recur once more to the funda- |
mental right OF revolution. In the winter |
OF 1S9l-95, new insurrectionary organiza- |
tion was started, with JOSE MARTI as its !
civil head, the post OF Commander-in-Ch Chief |
being allotted to MAXIMo GOMEZ by |
the principal officers who had fought in
the ten years war; The date fixed for the |
uprising was Feb. "a, 1895. and the people
responded in Santiago, Santa Clara and
Matanzas. In the two last-named provinces,
however, the leaders were quickly impris-
oned, and thus, for the moment, the move
ment there was checked. On April Gen.
ANTONIO MACEo, JOSE MACEo, and other vet
eran chiefs OF the preceding revolt, landed |
in the province of Santiago, and thousands
arose to join them. On April II a detach-
ment OF insurgents received JOSE MARTI
and Gen. MAKING GOMEZ. Five days later
Captain General CALLEJA was succeeded
by Marshal MARTINEZ CAMPos, who had the
reputation Of being Spain's greatest Gen.
eral, and who brought with him reinforce
ment OF some TO- 900 soldiers
CAhPoss original plan Of campaign was !
to confine the insurrection to the province
OF Santiago. He began by asserting that
he would crush the rebels and return to
Spain by November, 1895. Passing over
many minor skirmishes, we limit ourselves
to noting that, at Los Negroes Gen. RAB1
defeated the Spanish Colonels SANTosCILDEs
and ZUBIKosKI; that, at Ell Guanabano,
Gen. MAsso and Col. ESTRADA forced SAN
rOscILDEs to retreat to Bayamo with great
oss that, at Jarahuca, Gen. MAcEo beat
Gen. SALcEDo, who had more than 5000
men under him, and that near Guanta-
namo Lieut.-Col. BACH was killed and his
troops were decimated by Gen. MACKo
and Gen. PEREZ. On July 12 Marshal MAR
r1NEz CAMPos, desiring to relieve Ba-
yamo, started with $500 men, and. at
Peraleios, encountered 5000 Cubans un-
Ter MACEo and RABI. The battle which
ollowed lasted eleven hours. The Span-
ards, completely routed, were forced to
Kill all their mules and horses in order to
orm with them q barricade. They left
IN the field their convoy, the wounded and
,he dead, and fed in disorder to Bayamo.
Their loss was 400 killed and larger
lumber wounded, while that of the Cubans
vas but 1877 in all. Among the ensuing
engagements those especially memorable
we're the capture Of Fort Taguasco by Gen.
'RRAFIM SANCHEZ; the fight at Las Wares,
where 1000 Spanish troops under Col.
RUBIN were defeated by RoLoFF and SAN
,HEz; and the affair at Cantabrla, where
Jol. REGo took many prisoners and much
Material OF war.
Leaving for the moment the record of
operations under the command OF ANTONIO
dAcEo, We should point out that JOSE
dARTI and MAxIMo GOMEZ, Immediately
iter landing. determined to enter the |