The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-11-27
xorEs ON scrrvCp and INDUSTRY.

HOA1H Wv obAAtNNS ~
livery curious industry, at least TO the uninihated.
IL that pertaining to whalebone, from its original
or crude form TO that OF it's many applications, use.
full ana artistic. Most Of this article 10 landed at San
Francisco and shipped eastward TO be distributed At
the various centres. Before leaving the Pacific coast
the bone Ia split. sorted according to color, and tied
up in bundles; after splitting. the pieces are termed
"~stalkH' or slabs" arc from three to twelve feet
in length when ready for shipment, and weigh from
I'VE TO twenty-five pounds each. When received by
the manufacturer each slab 10 fringed with strong.
glossy black hair; this has = separste value OF lie
own. and is used for certain furniture manufacturer,
and IN also mixed with horsehair in brushes. On the
hair being removed the slabs are scrubbed vigor-
oualy and then put 70 soak in water for about 4 week;
whom sufficiently softenod they are subjected 10 the
action OF steam in strong reoeptacles of special
design, being thus rssdy 70. be split into SHELF or
grain bono, and finally cut into stays. whip.
stocks. 10.
One serious ana at the same time unexpected
source Of fog in photography is often due to the fact
that the blacking has slightly worn on the lens
mount. and there IL q reflection which results in
| loss OF bnlliancy in the negative. Constant use and
endless cleaning Of the Ions in time wear the black
ing OF, aud this should be attended to and all metal
parts kept we'll blGckeds whore lenses are mounted
in aluminium still moro care IN necessary in this
respect, a. wherever in such cases the backing
| WohIN on, WnWe LRnt ln0tend or yellow light IL re-
hectod into the lens. Sometimes diaphragmso of the
irts pattern are greatly nt fault in this respect. BY
reason Of Its construction. the leaves or vanes in this
diaphragm are in constant friction while being set.
and thus become polished and reflective, for which
reason some photographers avoid having iris dia-
phrsgms In their lenses. Notwithstanding their con-
ventence. A careful examination OF the apparatus
will insure safety in this matter. Stops Of the ordi-
nary pattern become in time little bettcr than bare
metal. especially at the edges of the aperture.
remarkable proportions Ia in process OF building by
the II. ]. Reiling Company OF Chicago. This notable
plant ia of the New Zealand type, with all the heavy
parts OF annealed steel and with q daily capacity
estimated NJ 500 yards. The boat was hoated some
time since. and the vast machinery exhibited the
most satisfactory efficiency for the purpose. the
hnaltests TO bo made in the near future. This plant
has been worked heretofore by hydrnulioking. at
such times az the water supply permitted. ana II
produces what has tho reputation of being the
purest article Of gold found In idaho. being worth
nearly $40 per ounce as IL comes from the ground.
Moreover, the pay streak Of this remarkable locality
ia 400 to 800 feet wide. Ia to 40 feet deep, and aver
ages co cents per cubic Bard.
A remarkable discovery Of sodium carbonate 10
announced % having lately been made in Sonoru,
Mexico, two miles inland from Adair Bay, an In.
dentation from the Gulf of California. one hundred
miles south of the Colorado River. Tho deposit
covers an area of about seventy acres in extent, in
go NJ. .tzon,i- ,..-.-,..s -I.h an IL.
mi. v,,er "h., $780, 80 ~. ,,rror,a;nn -.
.naux.m.-.s., 49,. -, % a.. s-...I
liked salts. one to three feet in thickness, beneath
which 10 . foot or eighteen inches of water; 40 this
crust. which In the product. 10 excavated and taken
ay,y tbs v,t.r f-o,n h.,or or,.tiv ar, a.. nI...
nsn.--.hn-Ir - .-..s-s.. "A ....I-
r.n.v.5 u.ttnr ~. $500 ,,,,.,. Ill ,.....,
~. q h.ino ..ttr,...d a., 49,. -. rrnr 100 ooo
49,, 49,, s~.u.n,.. a. go
And now an enthusiastic French engineer. N. Paul
Issartier propoaes n tunnel to the centre Of Mont
Blanc. ascending from this vertically A mile And n
half to the summit. such a tunnel to be nearly TO-.
600 feet long. terminating At 1890 feet above
from this n vertical shaft. 10 by 1s feet in size. 70
the summit. some 6. 200 feet above. To accomplish
tbis tho .xcayatinp vould ba done from belov. .
strong. tvo-storied steel chamber would he raised on
steal racks nj III. cornern Of the sh.f, the nnn.r
door carrying the compressed air drills and the
lover ono be caught on steel Grating. nnlv.,iz.d
passed to the bottom of . shaft in atvelyeinoh tub,
and then washed away in 4 stream from centrifugal
pumpa. Boforo making a blast the chamber vould
he rolled 70 the other aide of the shaft.
As stated in the Sch.n,tfc Ameriesn lately. Prot. A.
Gray has been devoting . considerable part OF his
time to determining the circumstances which spe-
cially Affect the conducttvity and specific capacity OF
glass. From manufacturers in London and Jena
various specimens OF glass were obtained for this
purpose. these being all rioher in lead and freer from
soda than glasses formerly available. Specimens OF
the material used for Thermometers, and o baHum
crown glass, were also subjected to the different
tests. 1t was sought to ascertain whether by In
crossing the lead oxide and diminishing the amount
y ncatlon. The jena glass showed considerable Of
dielectric polarization, and Powells glass did the
same; the bartum glass showed hardly any, but IL
had a very high resistance. and behaved like lead
and lime glasses. The Jena glass had low resis tanoe.
from its high percentage Of soda and complex com.
position,
"
There has Just been brought forward q portable
electric safety lamp for use in special cases whom m
open flame. or even one safeRuardsd, as in the
miner'a lnmp vouId prove danReroua. Thu oomhi.