davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28
THE SHIPS RUpoER.
Its Two Farts and the Difference In tb,
Strain That Comes Upon Them.


The ruddcc of n wooden ship is COM
posed of the stalk and the backing.
which are so Joined together as to
form In effect single piece. The
complete rudder is coppered, to pro-
tect 1t from worms, and then, besides
being practically all in one piece, il
has that appearance also.
The stalk is the part to which nre
attached the pintles, or pivots, by
which the rudder is suspended and
held in place, these going through
eyes set in the ships sternpost. The
stalk runs up through the stern Of the
ship, and to its head is bolted a cap
to which are attached the ropes by
means of which the rudder is con-
trolled. The backing is the blade part
of the rudder.
BY far the greatest strain comes on
the stalk, and the greatest strain of all
comes on the head of the stalk-the
rudder head-where it is held. The
stalk is made of the wood most likely
to stand the strain, carefully selected,
sound, well-seasoned oak, while the
backing Is made of spruce or hard
pine. The stalk IL OF single, solid,
massive piece, stout az nh oak tree,
and indeed of the Dimensions OF o
small oak-something that mau can
pin his faith to, il he can have faith in
any wood-while the backing or blade
IL, like many modern wooden masts,
built up. II would bo difficult, If not
impossible, to find trees that would
yield planks big enough for the pur-
pose in n single piece, and the built
up backing, made of pieces Of selected
wood, can easily be made of ample
strength to withstand any strain that
will be brought upon it.
As to the stalk, stout and solid as
the oak may be, tho head may be
twisted by the force of tremendous
blow from n wave upon the rudder,
or, under the repeated strains Of long
use, the head may split, aud 80 make
the stalk useless. Then the rudder is
taken ont and fitted with n new stalk.
a suitable stick is selected and worked
down to the proper size and form, and
very probably the old backing is at
tached to it. The life of a rudder
stalk would probably be twelve ~ f.,
teen years. The backing. Calhoun
as long as the ship.-Nesals of West
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28
silver Combs DarI,en tho u,,,r

A mystery OF the toilet, male and
female, has been disclosed by the dis
tinguished scientist, DIR. Vanderwelde.
He says that the use Of silver combs is
very ancient aud has always been
popular among people Of an uncertain
age. a silver comb tends to darken
the hair and beard when used with
regularity. The reason is very simple.
Hair contains sulphur, and this com.
bines with the invisible pieces of the
metal, which are worn off every time
the comb is employed. The combina-
ton of sulphur aud silver is pure
black, as every housekeeper knows
who has used silver tableware. Young
men with slight and light-colorcd
mustaches, old beaux whose mustaches
are beginning TO turn gray. women
whose hair shows the mark Of axe are
the three classes who use silver combs
with earnest zeal -
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28

1t was preacher who had that
fatal fluency" for whom an acquaint.
ance laid trap. He had way of
promising 10 preach, and on beginning
would say something like II have
been too busy to prepare sermon,
but if some one will kindly give me a
text, I'll preach from it," One de-
termined to cure him. He therefore
asked him to preach. The invitation
was accepted. The time came, and
the visitor began his usual introduce.
tion: Brethren, 1 have been so
pushed for time to-day as 10 have
been quite unable to prepare ser
man. But if some of you will give me
text, I'll preach from it. Perhaps
my brother here" turning to the plot
ter near him, will suggest text"
Yes, brother" came the ready reply;
''your text is the last part of the ninth
verse of the first chapter of Ezra. and
its words are mine and twenty
knives. " There was pause, an
ominous pause, as the preacher found
his text. He read it out, "Nine-and-
twenty knives" and began at once.
Notice the number of these knives
just exactly nine-and-twenty: not
thirty, not eight-and-twcnty. There
were no more and no less than nine
and-twenty knives" A pause-a
long pause. Then, slowly and emf
phatically, "Nine-and-twenty knives.
A longer pause. Then, meditatively,
Nine -and-twenty knives; Again he
rested. ''Nine-and-twenty knives" 4
dead stop. "Nine-andtwenty knires
and if there were nine hundred and
twenty knives 1 could not say another
word. Harper Magazine.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28
Dreaming Is n Mental Recreation.

The popular idea or impression is
that when persons dream much during
night to that extent their sleep is
interfered WITH" remarked we'll
known physician to n Star reporter.
"and it Is d frequent thing to hear
persons say that they dreamed so much
during the night that they did not
sleep or rest well. Now, the fact is,
dreaming is rs much rest or mental
recreation rs actual sleep in some
respects, although it may not appear
so on first thought. 1t is hard to
prove this by actual experiment, be-
cause the conditions are so difficult to
produce. There Is n Gel tain amount
of evidence which can be used, how
ever, to prove the proposition. Time
and time again when persons have
been walked up by others they have
explained as reason that they did
not respond quicker that they were so
engaged in dreaming that they did not
hear the call 1t is as clearly proven
as anything can be that persons who
are In dreamy condition are much
barber to wake than those who are
sleeping, rs they suppose, soundly.
Take parent, for instance mother,
when she is sleeping soundly, as she
THINKS, she can hear her child when it
turns over or moves in its crib. Now.
the same parent IN dreamy condition
would hardly hear knock ut the
door or other loud noise. The dream
so controls the brain that during its
tendency the sense OF hearing is
blunted. Washington Star.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28

There is much sentiment in the
Scotch mind. A numerous minority.
Of that nationality preserves zealously
the knowledge Of the old clan tarians
which were once n distinguishing fea.
ture Of the Caledonian costume. These
tartans, usually called plaids, are Of
considerable antiquity and have been
traced back several centuries by the
Duke of Argyll. Ia the past century
they were increased in nnmber by
canuy Scotch weavers aud cloth
merchants, and in the present century
another aud perhaps larger addition
has been made TO their number. Most
ScOtchmen aud Scotchwomen have one
or more garments made Of their own
clan tartan, and some patriotic sons OF
the Highlands always use it for their
scarfs aud craYats. 3, - .sn =
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28
The Cars Eccentric Physician.

DIR. Zakharin, the late Cars favor
lite physician, who recently died.
started life rs humble butchers
boy. Turning his attention to medi-
cine he soon attracted the notice of
his sovereign, and becoming the best
known doctor in Russia, before mid
die age had secured handsome com
potency. He was somewhat Of a
character, and his feats of eccentric
ity added to his fame. With so much
patronage Mt his command he always
insisted upon being obeycd. When
the state of the late Emperor became
alarming the Governor of Moscow re-
ceiyed n message from St. Petersburg
ordering him to send Professor
Iakharin without delay. The Gov
ernor dispatched his Aide de Camp TO
the doctor. ''In two hours" said the
officer, ''the express train will start. 4"
The express' What do you mean 2"
exclaimed the Professor. "The En-
peror is i'll, and you talk to me about
train leaving in two hours! Go to
the railway manager and command
him to get n special train ready for
me in twenty minutesl" At the end
Of that time the train was speeding
out of the depot with the doctor
aboard.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28

Roads dependent on the weather,
Worthless are for months together;
Roads made hard by sciences art
Always firmly do their pnrt.

Always firmly do their part.
If water stands on n road it soon
ruins it; ruts collect and retain water;
the narrow tire is the father of ruts.
Hard roads make access to the farms
easy Mt all seasons; produce can be
shipped in any weather if the high
ways are passable.
In south Jersey town all the freight
wagons were changed to wide tires
over year ago, and since that time
their roads have kept in much better
condition.
Lack of social life and restricted
means of communication drive the
young men from the farms into the
cities. Good roads will gradually
change all that
Colonel Pope, in speaking of the
wide tire agitation in Massachusetts,.
said: Carts and other heavy vehicles
should act as road-rollers rather than
road-destrOyers."
Wet weather roads are what are
needed. 1t is easy to make roads
that are good in dry weather, but TO
make them good i'll the wet season re.
quires knowledge and skill.
The applications from the counties
in New Jersey for money to be used
under the provisions of the State aid
law are so numerous that bill has
been introduced in the legislature for
an increased State appropriation.
Farmers have been used to staying
cooped up on their farms in bad
weather for so long time that It is
hard for them to realize the advan-
tages that would accrue to them from
having hard and clean highways at all
seasons of the year.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28

The statement that General Hamp.
ton lost leg in the war reminds us of
n little story, says the Montgomery
Advertiser. ''In the days before the
war there was a hotel on top Of Stone
Mountain. in Georgia, and the water
for use Of the guests was raised by q
force pump from below. A Northern
traveller who knew something Of the
use Of hydraulic rams accosted the
landlord with: This is fine water.
landlord; is it raised by n ram p
Ram, thnnderr snorted the landlord.
it's a blamed big muler And that's
the way Wade Hampton lost leg"
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28

A Georgia girlreioices in thename Of
Mary Rementa Ola Ludentia Laura
Suzetta Missouria Georgiana Jennie
PRESLEY Rhoda Diaretta Jane Cornet-
Ia Bailey Purdue. That's all-at pres
ent-though some young man may
wish TO add his name to her collection
sooner OF later,-Lewiston Journal,
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28
4 Long CruHndc.

The New York State League for
Good Roads, which has been working
for seven years to develop healthy
sentiment regarding road improve
ment. has changed its name to the
New York State Road Improvement
Association, in order to better dis
tinguish it from the State division of
the League OF American Wheelmen.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28

A spite house" erected in Salem.
Mass, to cut off the view Of n neighbor
is to be torn down, the owner having
lied aud his heirs having come TO an
amicable arrangement with the OBJ
noxious neighbor, and thus avoided n
vexatious lawsuit.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28
Plan to EaIsc,tTHouso
At the annua

At the annup
OF the Ameri~
Peck, of G. T. Waldo,
ton of JRNEY- AT-LAW,
for = -
,;o - onlte", .tention given to all bust
pirate monum',a hands
quis de Lafayette. """'9'
ley has consented to s.
OF n national committe q. K, pa-y,poIx,,;
OF Governors of the s. S5tafs 90
Senate has already E.issed andut.
House will probably adopt a reso
ton authorizing its appointment, un-
der whose auspices a celebration will
be held on Lafayette's birthday, in
September next, in every schoolhouse
in the United States.
1T is proposed to have auniform pro-
gramme, which will consist of a brief
biographical eulogy of Lafayette. A
lesson explaining the character and
Importance of his services to the Amer
lean colonies during the revolution; q
lesson to emphasize the value of civil
liberty; the singing of patriotic hymns
and contribution from every child of
school age in the country, even if it is
only a penny toward the monument
fund.
Mr.. Peck spoke quite fervently Of
the plan and its purpose and it is prob
able that the Sons of the American
Revolution at their annual meeting at
Morristown will take action upon the
matter and arrange for active co-opera-
ton. Chicago Record.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28

LIFE.
a kissing OF the lips OF dawn,
And then We wake.
a chase for sunbeams on the lawn.
Our way we take.
n kissing OF the lips of fate.
kissing of the lips of strife.
n STRUGGLING while the dav grows Into
And this is life
n broken sword placed back in sheath,
stealing back to natures breast,
n Kissing of the lips OF death
And then we rest
William wilfred Campbell, in tho sketch
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28

AlvsstAssns.Hs will - ins,rtsa = 60 -
p@ 0eArs - he trse jnsss13sa a a.
sses 4. sesA subssgssnt tnsssSlsa.
es.1s : li.e. s.S n .stsss isssrts1 . -
tAaa go dollas.
Legal adysrtissasnAs WIN - insssSsl q
tAs .ssss Allowed b Law and vili. !. sll 60
Be- rslsirsd .psa delivery q certified sspy:
C1AneD yo1 ANMouNoRMnNmSIs
ooSnty sGlessA % State and Congrsss, so
Terms fee 6fan1ing adVsrtisemenk nsAs
k1evn - application - tns publisher.
JoD HAsafINo executed With nsatnsss "a
.a1passh. 40rdszs ~ mail VII sssslvs
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28
less keep improved highways in per-

less keep improved highways in per-
feet repair.
The advantages to be gained he con
cisely says are that good roads (2)
Econoniize time and force in transport
tation between farm and market: (2)
Enable the farmer to take advantage
OF market fluctuations in buying and
selling; (3) Permit transportation of
farm products aud purchased commo-
dities during times of comparative
ltisure; "A Reduce the wear and tear
on horses, harness and vehicles; i5)
Enhance the market value of real
estate
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28

OF the 80, 500, 900 revenue Of Wis
sonsin, nearly $4,000, 600 is obtained
from foes, and of the latter the rail
roads pay over q million and quarter.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1898-06-28

ISIS DUBARLE was
hve-and-fo forty years
OF age on the nine
teenth of March.
IS, well, no mat
ter what year. And
she was stout, and
short, with no visi-
bic waist; and hands
that were red and
fat, instead of white
and slender; and
features that be-
Ion ged to no Gre
clan type or Roman
mold, but seemed
to be setting up,
sui genoris, each on
ats own special ac-
count, with no ref
erence Whatever to
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-11-02
yort V,vnin and His pyiamns.

Mark Twain has an intense dislike
fer clothes, and if it We're possible
would remain in his pyjamas day in
and day out. And whenever be can DC
SO he eats Breakfast in them, receives
his friends and works in them. His IA
vorite mode Of writing is to lie fiat on
the floor on his stomach in his pyjamas,
with pipe in his mouth. When on lee
ture tours, he never gets out OF his
sleeping clothes until it is time to go to
hall or opera house. When the tit
strikes him, he likes to exercise, and
then with his customary shamble will
shuttle along for miles and exhaust his
most athletic companion. But he feels
far more at home in his pyjamas than
in a street suit or evening clothes, and
in them he remains as great a part OF
the day as Mrs. Clemens will allow
him.-Ladies Home Journal.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-11-02
a Tart Old Lady.

Out in Indiana good many years ago
a certain old lady, summoned as wit
ness, came into court wearing a large
poke bonnet, such as was then much af
fected by rural folks. Her answers to
the questions put to her being rather IN
distinct, the court requested her te
speak louder, though without much sue
cess.
"Tbe court cannot hear word you
say, my good woman, said the judge.
"Please to take off that huge bonnet Of
yours. y
"sir," she said composedly and dis
tinctly enough this time, "the court
has perfect right to Did gentleman
take off his hat, but it has no right te
make lady remove her bonnet.
Madam, replied the judge, "you
seem so wei: acquainted with the Law
that think you had better come up ano
take seat with US on the bench. y
~ thank your honor kindly she re-
sponded, dropping low courtesy to the
court, "but there are old women enough
there already. Law Notes
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-11-02
We Will Assume Only the
Portion of the Debt Incur
red for Permanent
Improvements.

Paris, Oct 3l-The American
commissioners presented written
expression of the purpose ofthe Uni
ted States to take the entire group
of toe Philippine islands and assume
such proportion of the Philippine
debt as has been spent for the ben
eft OF the islands or their inhabl-
sants. in public works, Improvements
and perment betterments
1t waa also Get forth that the
United States would not assume
any par, of the Philippine debt
which had been incurred by Spain
for the furtherance of military or
naval operations to quell lnsurrec
sions of :he natives
The session was adjourned until
Friday in order to give the Span
isrds time TO prepare a reply
The session to day lasted little
over an hour
After the conference was dissolved,
the Spanish commissioners expressed
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-11-02
Soldiers Start for
Camps in the South.
First Troops Leave Camp
Meade For Augusta To-
Day.

Camp Meade, Middletowu, Pa, Oct.
30.-The first of the troops to leave
here for the oew camp Of the Second
corps at Augusta. will be the two en-
giueer companies They will start to,
morrow morning and will be followed
later in the day by the eignai corps
and wagon train. A detachment OF
carpenters aud mechanics from each OF
the three divisions vii, leave Tuesday
for Summervil'e, G,seaville and Colan'
bia to prepare the division camps.
The Pennsylvania regiments will not
start South until after the election
Com uissoners will be appointed to-
morrow by Gov. Hastings to take their
votes.
Mai Gen. Graham is anxious to get
his corps away from here as early se
possible, aod wacts to have all the
troops 10 the South BY the middle Of
November. He will send hospital car
with every train OF soldiers.
Pavilion hospitals are being built in
the proposed camps and detacbments
from the hospital corps will leave
Tuesday to get them in shape. The
Red Cross hospital here will be aban'
doned 10 morrow and the most eficien'
nurses will be employed BY the govern
ment to take charge OF the wards in the
hospitals at the new camps.
The sick in the hospitals here will be
shipped 60 Philadelphia every day un-
der the direction OF the National Relief
commission. which has arranged With
tbe city hospital 70 take care of the
patients.
The Fifteenth Pennsylvania has been
assigned to the First brigade of the
Third division. 10 command Of Gen.
W. G. Oates Gen Ames succeeds
Geu. Gus 10 command of the Second
brigade of the First division. This
indicates that the two western Pennsyl.
vania regiments will be retained ID the
service, although the men are anxious
to be sent home
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-11-02
Judge Mackey in Jail.
Baltimore Sun.

Charleston, W Va. Oct. o.
Judge Thomas j Mackey, the alleged
bigamist. who has been under bail for
his appearance before the grand jury
of Jefferson county at the November
term of the circuit court. was arrested
last night on capias by Deputy Sheriff
s. G. Young. Of this place. The
boodsmen OF Judge Msckey having
refused to be longer liable for bis sp-
pearance and having notified the prose
outing attorney, the arrest followed
and the prisoner was brought here and
LOGGED 10 Jail to answer the charge oI
bieamy The officer found Judge
Mackey 10 Harper's Ferry. where be
acd his wife. vino was Miss Katherine
Porter6eld, of this place, have beeu
staying for short time At the tine
be married Miss Por.erield be had. i,
is alleged, wife living 10 New York
and as all parties are promiceut people
q considerable sensation was created
wheo Mackey was charged with the
offeuse. The punishment for bigamy
uoder the laws of West Virginia is
from one to Eve years in the peniten
tiary
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-11-02
GAMBLER INAUGURATED

Atlanta, Ca, O,s. 20 -Alleu D.
Gambler was inaugurated governor o!
Georgia at noon to-day In the course
of bis inaugural address Governor Cau-
der raid: "Nor content with our
magnificent national domain. We are
reaching out, thousands Of ulles, for
the islands of the sea, With their heter-
egeuous populations. and there are
those, in both political parties, who
would reverse the policy of more than
century ADD eDtcr upon ap extensive
and expansive scheme of colonization,
as have the no0arcbies of Europe,
which will pecessi,ate an lmm ense
standing army and large and costly
navy to be supported by taxes imposed
upon the people Of the States. It will
GOT dc for us 10 wander too far into the
realms Of experiment
"Our safety is ip conservatism aud a
rigid adherence to the precedeots of the
past. This is especially true Of the
poopie of the South. We should re-
sist all dangerous innovations. We
should cling to the constitutional right
of local self-governmeot, the sheet
anchor of our safety, and oppose 10
every Legitimate way, the constantly
increasing tendency Of the agents Of
the Federal government to ebcroach
upon the reserved rights Of the States, y
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-11-02

Jerusalem. Oct. 81 the Emperor
aud Empress of Germany are cur'ail-
log their visit to the Holy L,ud They
have abandoned their trip 10 Jericho
owing to the European omplicatious
aud it i, also believed they will not &C
to Syria Their Majestics this morn
ing attended the cousecrailon of ,be
Church of the Redeemer. The cere.
nony, 10 which the natives took lead.
iug part, was most impressive. and va.
marked with tic greatest pomp
Caodia. Island of Crate. Oot. % =
Five more OF the MussuImans convict
ed of takiog part ir tue massacre o.
British soldiers oo Sep'em Der 6 were
execu'ed to day 10 addition, four
Bashl Bszouks have been sentenced te
20 years imprisonment at hard labor
Since the departure of the Turkish
troops number of additional gcll'y
Mussu!maus have been discovered daily
1t appears that the Turkish officers ap
propriated the valuables looted BY their
soldiers.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-11-02

Washington, Oct 31-The navy
department. has received q telegram
from Cainauera announcing the sail
ing from that place for Hampton Roads
of the Maria Teresa. which is up to
this time the only one of the Spanish
ships sunk at Santiago to se hoated.
She is nDder command of Capt Harris,
who was detached from command OF
sbe Vulcan for that purpose
The Teresa sailed from Caimanera at
6 O'Clock yesterday morning with the
Vulcan and the Leonidas. These ves-
seia will escort the Teresa most of the
way to Norfolk. The Cincinnati also
started With ire Teresa, but she was to
90 only as fer as Cape Magsi, thence
across to Port Autouio.
It. is probable that with fair weather
the Teresa will reach Hampton Roads
about Tuesday Of next week. There
she will be surveyed by the naval board,
which will report to the department. the
probable cost of putting her into condi-
ton for naval service. The advices
so far received at the department indi-
cate that this is going to be an expen-
sive undertaking, but nevertheless it
will be carried forward as much from
sentimental as practicable cousldera-
tioos.