davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
WORKS OF NATURE.
STORY OF THE MAKING OF
TIE UNIVERSE.
1t Has No Beglnning and Will Have
No End--1hc Laws Of Creation Never
at Rest-How Rivers Build Up Vast
Regions.

The materials with which nature
works, seemingly SO diversified, actual
ly so few. are never at peace. They
know neither haste nor rest They are
ever in circulation. No sooner have
they served one purpose than they are
called upon to appear in another role
the rivers hasten to make lake in
every hollow. Yet these hollows are in
many instances scooped out by the ac-
ton OF glaciers. However, no sooner
are they filled with water than the
very glaciers which eXcavated their ba-
sins and the river which filled them,
consp1re to turn them once more into
solid land. We see this specimen OF
the ceaseless activity of nature in many
shapes. The "loess,' or the mud, held
in suspension by the rivers which over
flow their banks and which is event
ually deposited, forms well-marked
geological formation over a considera-
BILE section Of central Europe and the
mud OF the Arctic glaciers, which finds
its representative in the ancient fos-
siliferous brick-clays Of Scotland and
other regions where in the Glacial pc
riod a similar condition of affairs OBJ
tanned, is fast filling up many Of the
fjerds into which the infra-glacier
stream discharges The Baltic is fast
becoming a shallow lake. The Sea OF
Azof, shoaled by the sediment brought
down by the rivers which flow into it.
is gradually being converted into
| stream. aud tho pn the Milo and the
other rivers which flow into the Medi-
terranean, bid fair to so extend their
deltas as to constitute that sea chain
Of lakes. The Mississippi and other
great American rivers are, on the prin
cipal Of "robbing Peter to pay Paul,
extending the territory through which
they flow for considerable distances
into the Atlantic In time these mud
flats will rise above the surface, get
covered with a dank vegetation, and,
after being for ages the home OF fever
and reptiles will become the abode OF
man. The Rhine, it has been calcu
lated carries past Bonn something like
400 tons of solid matter in one hour,
and in the course of year between
ages since this wearing down of Ger
many has been going on, an immense
amount Of land must have been eroded
and deposited into the German ocean,
where it forms the greater part Of the
country now known as Holland. The
Netherlands" Napoleon Bonaparte as
serted, in his usual dogmatic manner.
"are composed of the mud Of French
rivers" And it is not easy to answer
the master of many legions except after
his own style Of argument, he proceed
ed to annex Batavia to the empire.
-, During the rainy season of 122 days
the mud brought down by the Ganges
passing Ghazeepoor, 5000 miles from
its mouth, is reckoned At over 1889,
413, 100 tohs; and now plague haunted
E islands, formed in it's channel even
within the memory of man, are the re-
suit. The deltas of the Volga, the
, Danube and many other rivers might
a be adduced in proof Of the same trait
q Our Earth and it's Story.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
Chickens in France.


The fat chicken industry is unknown
In France, but since the latter con-
tributes exhibits to the dead poultry
show at London, note has been taken
of that very profitable business, says
correspondent of Michigan Farmer
The demand for fat chickens is mex
haustible in London, and Belgium is
among the leading suppliers of the
market. The matter is not going to
be slept upon; French commission is
apart in Belgium to make an exhaus-
tive inquiry upon the industry, and that
no doubt will open up a new opportuni-
ty for farmers wives and daughters to
earn a little extra pocket money. In
Belgium two races of poultry for breed
ing fat chickens are preferred, the Ma
lines Cuckoo and the old Brockel race,
peculiar since years to Eastern Flan-
ders. The chicken of the first can be
sent to market in thirteen weeks; the
other in half the time, as it is a very
precocious breed. It's cocks commence
to crow when only three weeks old
and shows are held exclusively to re-
ward the birds that crow Oftenest in an
hour. When five weeks old, being pre-
cociously large, the pullets are put ur
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
Eggs or Flesh, Which:

When a man goes into raising poul-
try the question arises whether he
shall devote his energies to raising
flesh or producing eggs. We believe
that where there is ready market for
fresh eggs the production of eggs Is
by all means the most profitable. 1t
is true that broilers bring good price
at certain seasons of the year. but the
market is really limited. Besides the
production of broilers is not such an
easy matter as it figures out on paper
The real difficulty of raising broilers is
shown by the prices they bring. AS
water tends to seek its level, so do all
prices. When a product remains very
| high from year to year, we may be
sure that it costs proportionately to
make it. So, too, if broilers bring a
good price, the trouble and expense of
| raising them are great.
With eggs there is a great and grow
! ing demand 1t is true that they sell
| for a low price during a good part Of
the year, but SO does the flesh of poul-
try. Even broilers sell off very sud
denly when the street market "breaks.
We have known birds to be sent to the
South Water street market when the
price was $4 to S. per dozen. But by
the time the crates were opened the
demand had fallen off so that the
birds had to be disposed Of at shilling
a pound. AS none of them weighoJ
above a pound and half, the returns
were very unsatisfactory. A hen will
dress say five pounds and sell at
cents That will make 35 cents re-
ceived for her on South Water street
| from which must be deducted the com
mission and express charges. The same
hen will produce perhaps 125 eggs
These eggs would sell for profit
greater than could be made on the hen
and you still have the hen. Egg pro
duction is the strongest hand the poul-
tryman has, unless he is exceptionally
well fixed with incubators, money and
| lots OF experience.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
Oleomargarine Decisions.

The United States supreme court has
rendered decisions declaring unconsti-
tutiOnal the anti-oleomargarine laws of
New Hampshire and Pennsylvania. It
is understood that the decisions really
strengthen the ELECTROMAGNETIC laws
of most of the states. In the case of
Pennsylvania the law simply prohibited
the manufacture and sale of oleo-
margarine, and the question involved
was whether this applied to the pro-
hibited product when coming into the
state in original packages. 1t was de-
cided that it was unconstitutional so
far as the original package was con-
cerned. In this the decision seems to
follow that applying to liquors. The
New Hampshire case was somewhat
different. The law there compelled the
coloring Of the butterine pink. This is
declared to be beyond the power of the
state. Any addition of matter is an
adulteration in the decision of the
judges, and thing the law cannot
make obligatory. Even if the states
have right to compel it's citizens
W eoioi IAci oleolAdl Sdllue pink, tNey
cannot compel the citizens of other
states to do that before shipping the
butterine into New Hampshire.
The decisions appear to be far-reach-
| ing in their effect. If dealers can sell
any size package as an original pcall-
age, and can sell through agents, then
oleomargarine can practically be sold
in all the states as freely as it was In
previous times. This seems to es like
stretching the original package theory
out of all proportion to it's real value
Everyone knows that the original
package idea is only subterfuge by
which the state laws can be evaded.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
DAIRY AND POULTRY.
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS.
How Successful Farmers Operate This
Department OF the Farm--A Few
Hints to the Care Of Live stock
and Poultry.
Skim milk and COntagtOn.

Farmers and all others should rec
ognize the fact that factory skim milk,
unless pasteurized, can and does cause
the spread of tuberculosis and other
diseases common to our cows. 1t needs
no new demonstration to prove that
tuberculous cows can spread the dis
ease through their milk. There never
has been means more fitted for that
purpose than the factory system in
which the milk is taken to the factory
for skimming and then returned to the
patrons to be fed to their young
calves.
The trouble is that a single COW IS
thus enabled to infect the country far
and wide. Under the old systems of
home skimmings the milk was dis
posed largely at home, and there was
little chance Of carrying the disease
onto other farms. This, indeed. al
lowed the disease to spread, but at q
very slow rate. The milk was not fed
to calves on other farms. But now all
OF the calves within a wide radius get
portion of the diseased product 1t
at least among calves. 1t has beea
demonstrated by elaborate expert
ments that nearly all Of the calves Of
| tuberculous cows are free from the
trouble at birth. The trouble is trans
mitted to them through the milk of
their mothers. In some experiments
in Germany hardly more than one per
cent CT the calves showed any signs
of consumption, but after being fed on
their mothers milk for some weeks
IL per cent were found to be affected
The way then to eradicate tuberculosis
Is to prevent the calves from being
given the disease.
1t will thus be seen that under prop
er treatment factory skinned milk il
far superior to the home product, for il
can be pasteurized till all germs are
destroyed. Then it can be taken home
for the use of the calves, and such
calves will grow up on diet free
from all objections. The careless use
OF factory skinned milk should be
abandoned and the careful use substi
tuted. The patrons should make dill
gent inquiry into the methods o
treating the milk after 1t reaches tht
creamery. We have seen the farmer
bring milk to factory, pour it int
the general tank from which it wa
skinned and run into another tank
From this latter tank the milk wa
taken for home use AS the milk il
all the time running in and all tn
time being drawn out. that is, durin:
the day. it gives time for the develop
ment Of deleterious bacteria Besides
lin many cases we fear the tank i
not cleaned out every day. but tha
the milk is allowed to stand from da
to day and become medium for rap
development Of the tuberculosis germs
We believe it will pay our readers t.
look carefully into the matter.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
Uniformity OF Eggs.

1t has been claimed that the Asiatic
breeds, especially the Brahmas and
Cochins. lay eggs that are dark in
having flock of Brahmas will COM
pare the eggs, he will find that they
will not be uniform. They will no
doubt be darker than eggs from the
non-sitting varieties. but the shades
will show difference of color. 1t Is
possible that occasionally the eggs
from small flock will be somewhat
uniform in shade of color, but not so
with large tlocks. One or two breed
ers have for twenty years worked in
dustriously to secure strain of Ply
mouth Rocks which would lay brown
eggs, yet they have not been com
pletely successful in having the color
uniform, even when the selections Of
birds were from sisters, although they
have certainly done good work in that
direction. If we examine eggs that
are white, we will find that even among
them there will be a distinct shade,
and with the dark eggs some will be
very brown. so much as to show
a marked contrast even with the eggs
that are recognized as dark. and which
are so classified. Then again the sizes
of eggs from a large number of hens
vary. A large hen may lay eggs that
are below the average in size, while a
smaller hen may produce eggs that are
large. While the careful selection OF
the best hens of particular breeds may
enable the poultryman to secure uni
formity, yet one must not expect tc
perform a revolution in a single sea
son; but there is no doubt by continue
ing the work the characteristics desired
may be fixed in a few years.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
weaning Lambs.

Weaving should be done gradually,
says American Sheep Breeder. Lambs
will, and should, wean themselves, if
the right way is taken. This is to get
them to eat sufficient food as soon as
possible, SO that they will not follow
the ewes so closely. Three months is
quite long enough for the ewes to nurse
their lambs, and these may be weaned
at the end of this period without any
difficulty. If the lambs are to be sold,
it is all the more desirable to begin
gradually the weaving from the ewes
milk. 1t is better for the ewes as well
as the lambs. But it is indispensable
that the ewes should be kept apart
from the flock from the separation OF
stocked udders has been safely passed.
1t will be safe way to put the ewes
on dry hay feeding when first sepa-
rated from the lambs, SO that the milk
flow will be lessened. And, if it is pos
sible, it will also be safe to keep the
ewes from the lambs, except once day
for short time, so as to make the
drying off from the milk gradually, and
SO free from risk. Caution is to be OBJ
served, too, in turning the ewes too
suddenly on the green feeding, lest the
milk flow may be unduly increased.
To divide the pasture by hurdles, Civ
ing the ewes only small taste OF
grass at first for few days, will be a
desirable precaution to be observed.
Many ewes are seriously injured, or
even lost, for want of due attention
to their safety at this season. If the
lambs are to be reared, and the ewes
have plenty of good green feed, it will
be better for the lambs to be weaned
along with the ewes.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
Took Up His Bed and Flew,

Chris Finnerty, of New York, made
his bed on the fire escape the other
night. About midnight Chris and the
mattress fell three stories to the
ground. The bed stayed under him and
he wasn't hurt to amount to much, but
his yells aroused all that section OF
New York. SO the neighbors say.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
Another Answer.

Pittsburg Chronicle Telegraph:
5uuildig-I know another answer to the
question: What is the difference be-
tween a violinist and fiddler?" Nc
Swilligen-What is the other answer?
Squildig-One can understand and en-.
10y the fiddlers' music.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05

to fatten, and in fifteen days the op-
Grafton is made, and the birds are sent
to the London market. The local
breeders are associated among them
selves: they have two dinners at the
opening and closing Of the season, and
each member brings to the banquet a
fat chicken of his own rearing.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
breeding ROa(lSterS.

Roadster mares should be bred t.,
roadster stations. Individual selec-
tion, however, should go much further
than this, remarks the Western Horse
man. To breed your trotting mares to
trotting stations, and your pacing
mares to pacing stations is likewise
stopping before the point of scientific
breeding" is reached. The secret of
"nicks" and CROSSES" in speed produc-
ton is not so much in mating blood
lines as in harmonizing temperamental
characteristics, for horses, like men,
have temperaments. Temperament is
often hard to analyze in man, and is
much more so in the horse Yet aside
from using good blood lines on both
sides, the proper mating of tempera-
ment is the most essential point in
speed production. High strung
mares"-those Of highly nervous tenn
peraments-usually make the greatest
speed producers, yet If bred to stations
of like temperaments, race horses are
not at all likely to come from such mat
ing. Likes, type or kind produce like
in type or kind, but likes in tempera
mental qualities are strictly antagonis
tic in animal reproduction, both in hui
man and lower animals.
Wild Buffalo in Canada.-A Cana
dian traveller who has spent a couple
of years in the far Northwest, part ol
the time along the Peace River, says
that there are in that country at leas
four herds of wild buffalo, NUMBERING
altogether not less than 1000.
Sick hogs should not be taker
through the public highways MOI
should other animals that are sick, un
less the disease be known to be oat
that will not make it dangerous fol
other animals to pass over tn,
same road
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
Better Than Cough Syrup.

when my wife gets cold l can
cure it in a day" What do you give
her?' Nothing; I simply say that II
she is we'll by night l will take her to
the taeater."
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
WITH TITLED FOLK.

The Emperor and Empress of Russia
have no intention of visiting either
Denmark or England this year, and
they will not leave their own domin.ons
until the end of August, when they are
going to Darmstadt for six weeks after
which they will probably pay brief Wis
it's to Coburg, Stuttgart, Weimar,
Gmunden and Schwerin on their way
back to st. Petersburg. The empress
has been in a very delicate state OF
health and her condition causes much
anxiety at the imperial court.
Prince and Princess Francis Joseph
Of Battenberg, who are now at Darn
stadt, are going to England in August
for several weeks and will be the guests
of the queen at Osborne and Balmoral
1t is expected that next winter Prince
Francis Joseph will receive a nigh Of
flee at st. Petersburg from the Emperor
of Russia.
Princess Henry of Prussia. who is
staying at Balmoral with Queen Vic
toria, is to return to Windsor castle
with her majesty, and in July she will
probably go for a weeks cruise down
the channel in the Victoria and Albert
before proceeding to Osborne
The royal yacht Osborne is undergo
ing repairs and will carry the Princess
of Wales to Denmark in August for a
| two months visit.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05

Thinning Fruit Little Practiced
Thinning the fruit OF trees that have
a tendency to overbear is recon-
meuded very generally and practiced
very little. Few extended experiments
in thinning fruits have been reported
by the experiment stations. but where
thinning has been followed systemati-
cally for number of years in COM
mercial orchards, it has been found
profitable.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05
Fowls In the Orchard,

The orchard is never injured by
fowls, but, on the contrary, excellent
work is done by poultry in destroying
insects. Everyone who has an orchard
and does not keep a flock is losing a
profit that is more easily secured than
in any other manner with poultry, as
there is no additional interest on land
to add to the cost. The free range
of the orchard, with the trees for
shade, will assist in greater egg-pro-
duction, and when the hens have
broods of chicks there is no better To-
cation than to make each hen COM
Portable in little run under a tree,
where the chicks can be permitted to
have their freedom. 1t is not we'll to
have the grass too high in an orchard,
if fowls are to use the ground. A we'll
kept orchard is the one to use, and
a combination of poultry and fruit
gives the farmer profit from the
fowls while waiting for his young
trees to come into bearing.-Ex.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05

Some men go to war because they
can't get married and some because
they can't get divorce.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05

The Dairy Heifer.-The heifer calf
intended for use in the dairy must
not be fed for fat; in fact, must not
be allowed to get fat. The habit of put
ting the fat on the ribs is fatal to good
dairy performance. The farmer can
control this very easily if he sets about
it in the right way and at the right
time. 1t is entirely safe to feed the
steers and the heifer calves of the
poorest mixers all the corn they will
eat in connection with separator milk.
This, however, will prove very detri-
mental to calves that are intended for
dairy purposes.-Ex.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05

Burning Over the Strawberry Bed
I have heard of plants being killed by
burning, but in every case necessary
things have been neglected. We
have burned over our beds every sea-
son for many years, and never had a
bed injured. In few weeks the he'd
will look like new spring set field.
1t is important to cultivate so as TO
throw about an inch of fine earth over
the plants as the new roots come ont
above the old ones and the crown of
the plant is raised up every ,-ear.
When runners start put on the rolling
runner cutter and clip them all off.
This will cause new crowns to form
on the old plant and send its roots
down deeper. have assumed that you
were growing in hedge rows or hills.
If you use the wide matted row mar
row the bed up at first cultivation, so
as to be about ten inches wide. and
cut the weaker plants out, leaving
them ten inches apart.-R. M. Kel-
logg.
The Philipsburg mail., 1898-08-05

Atlas Gluten MeaI.-Atlas gluten
meal so called, is very differer+ from
the ordinary gluten products. The
germ is first removed from the Indian
corn, and the remainder of the corn
kernels are mixed and ground together
with rye, barley, wheat, juniper, etc.
This product is then heated with a So
luton of malt, which converts a con-
siderable portion Of the starch into
sugar. Yeast is then added, the alco-
hol, etc., resulting distilled, and the
refuse remaining in the still is pressed
dried, and placed upon the market un-
der the above name.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1898-10-28
QUESTIONS BEFORE THE cOrNcIL.

The programme outlined for to-day by the Ma
tional Council OF Women Of the United States. con-
ycned AT Omaha includes. In the morning session,
renorts from the chalrmen OF the following stand
Ing committees: Committee Dress. Committee
on Equal Pay for Equal Work and Committee on
domestic Science. There vii also be two addresses
Of thirty minutes each on The Relation OF Capt
tai and Labor. az Applied TO Domestic Service"
and prison Reform IN Behalf OF Women Crlmi-
nails"
At the afternoon session there will be reports
from such OF the following organizations affiliated
with the National Council are represented by
president or delegate: National Free Baptist Wom-
ans Missionary Society. American Anti Nivisection
Society National Council Of Jewish Women and
Wom.n's Foreign Missionary Union OF Friends
Two addresses on The Women's Work In Re
IIgious Organizations" and Current Tendencies OF
ReIigious Thought" VIII close the session.
Among the prominent Jewish women In attend
ence al the Council Mrs. Adams. OF Dubuque
Mrs Iieberman. OF Kansas city: Mrs. Haas: OF
Chicago and Mrs Hirsch. OF Des Moines The
difficulty met with by Jewish women In ainliating
with the State FEEDER alton Of Womens Clubs. due
"a n clause I'm the constitutions OF the State fed
erations barring out those women who owe ale
glance to any religious sect has been the occasion
% much comment.