Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1898-08-14

the water Ill the gauge was rendera5 visible and the depth of the vessel ra corded by graduated scale.
 An oar formed on the princ:nIe z. the screw was fixed in the fore po1+ ol the vessel, and, being turned in one 5i recfion, rowed the vessel forward and being turned in the other. rowed < backward. 1t was constructed to h. turned by the hand or foot.
 "A rudder to the hinder part of +be vessel, which commanded it wi=b 4be greatest ease, was made very fexibI, and might be used for rowing fcrzxa,.d
 "A compass marked with phosrborn, directed the course above and uDde, water
 "The internal shape of the vessel ir every possible section of it veroed 4o ward an ellipsis, as near as the de sign would allow, but every horizontal section, although elliptical, was vet a; near to circle as could be obtained Every opening was well se cured. The pumps had two sets oI valves. The aperture at the bottom foi admitting water was covered with plate perforated full of holes to receirl the water and to prevent apythin, from closing the passage or stoppins the valves from shutting The bras valve might likewise be forced into Ri place with a screw. The air pipes had q kind of hollow sphere fixed round the top of each to secure them froa injury These hollow spheres wen. perforated full of holes for the passaa a. of air through the pipes Without tia air pipes were shutters to secure theu should any accident happen to t6I pipes or the valves on their tops"
 The first submarine boat va. equipped with torpedo, or '.infernalI of which Bushnell also seems 10 hart been the inventor, for in his letter hs tells of the difficulty he had in coa vincing people that powder could bs exploded in the water.
 Describing the torpedo and the ar engagement made for conveying it ana placing t in position to fire, BushneIl says:
 Tn the fore part of the brinl of tha crown of the vessel was a soeles through which an iron tube passed. The tube stood upright and could slide mp or down six inches. At the top ot the tube was q wooden screw fixed hg means of rod which passed througA the tube and screwed the wood seraM fast upon the top of the tube. Hs pushing the wood screw up agaipss he bottom of a ship and turning its3 the same time it would enter the blanks. When the wood screw Has firmly fixed it could be cast off by nHs screwing the rod which fastened { upon the top of the tube.
 "Behind the vessel was a place abpge the rudder for carrying a large PoNasf magazine. This was made of tive piecss of oak timber, large enough when boz lowed out to contain 150 pounds os powder, with the apparatus used A firing it. \ rope extended from Ts sTsg magazine to the wood screw a99yeA mentioned. When the wood tube Nas fixed and 10 be cast off from it's yaaa the magazine was to be cast oil lkss wise, leaving it hanging to the 79oas screw. II was lighter than the waseN that it might rise up against the9ns ject to which the screw and lfsssk were fastened.
 within the magazine was cE9aA constructed to run any Propessa length of time under 12 hours. lHasa it had run out it's time it unpionlene.a strong lock resembling a gun eeA which gave force to the powder. Aa.s appara tus was so pinioned tha could not possibly move till by sass ing off the magazine from the YsssfsA was in motion
 The operator could swim so l9W the water as 10 approach very neasa ship in the night, without fear oI 2sss's discovered, and might, if he chose eAs proach the stem or stern witaVe I3s@ tie danger He could sink very ssss Iy, keep at any necessary dept eAs row a great distance in any ar esss Ee desired without coming to tn y
 face. When he rose to the suIldss
 could soon obtain fresh supply oaa and if it was necessary he mign 'ss descend again and pursue hls cou asss
 In 1777, Bushnell made his moSsss cessful experiment. It was eohq8S aoainst the English frigate 0ef EsS% as she lay at anchor off New ! Ya,sS .S By means of a line which he con lae &
 at a safe distance from 9 Whai sa he sent his magazine or toPeoga
 ing down against the frlgate
 It never reached it's intendedAN '.' however. but drifted foul oi sl al schooner, the crew of Whlch
 from the water and proceeoso s i anime it at their leisure, on psI ss.
 they worked with it they man as,l
 release the lock, and a 1rlsn tb4
 plosion followed, which klils sa5
 men on the spot and blew
 overheard. A subsequent alte
 made by Bushnell on the sni ssr
 British fleet in the Delaware n,ar
 this trial he did not use his su
 boat, but only his magazine Dedoes. This attempt was en. xna
 successful, owing to his lack rs;s