davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

rorism which II may take two armies IA
suDdue. Armed conquest OF a crowded
city dethrones law and order and NAV
dethrone reason as well. II the defense
is stubborn and the assailants lose
heavily, there are two elements swayed
oy passion to be reclSoned with. SOL
diers demand revenge.
one safety measure wholly in con-
troll OF the inhabitants is 10 destroy
without reserve all liquors. A drunken
vandal or drunken soldier may set the
whole city by the ears. and then for a
stage OF the conquest worse than all
others. Human nature has It's limits,
and a soldier who has fought his way
into a city is not in mood 10 fight his
way through it with the same degree OF
restraint. As General Scott told his
men, assassination turks on every cor
ner. But after a few assassinations
the soldiers take II upon themselves to
have no more OF II. Then there is war
10 the knife from street TO street and
from house to house. And II ever war
is hi" as General Sherman said. II is
so when waged by maddened men in a
crowded city.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

OF the dons, and many thousands OF nip.
pers were supplied the troops In some
places around Santiago the troops found
themselves confronted by nine parallel
barbed wire fences, 30 yards apart, COW
ering the approaches to rifle pits. Even
when on the ground the wire was a
most annoying foe, catching the cloth
ing. menacng the eyes. tripping the feet
and decorating arms, legs and bodies.
While the barbed wire seems novel
ty In war II rs nevertheless only an ac-
cessOry means Of defense which In
somewhat similar form has been used
for centuries past by European and
Asiatic nations. Despite the compare
tive ease with which our army and their
Cuban allies passed over and through
the wire II WAS undoubtedly a great
hindrance 10 a steady advance. and
many deaths and wounds may be at
trlbuted to II. The tendency that barb
ed wire has TO spring about-to indulge
In spiral curls--when trod upon is well
known. IL seems to have centipedal
claws and points when in movement
and must have sadly harasssd the brave
American boys az they marched UP the
hills to the heights overlooking what
has off been called the Gibraltar OF the
West Indies.
One distressing feature OF the occasion
was the fact that the wire was Ameri-
can barbed wire, for when the last Gu
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17
SPANS Coming Man

There are n good many people who
think that the man of the hour" In
Spain Is Don Francisco Romero y Ro-
bledo, former Spanish minister OF justlcs
and a strong character. He Is an An
dalusian by birth. but looks more Ike
an Englishman. He is tall and has light,
curly hair. turning to gray. and his teeth
protrude. He has won his position
largely through personal magnetism and
orotory. As a speaker he Is considered
second only TO CASTELAR, lie sprang
from poor parents and has forced his
way upward 20 the front rank OF public
life He has dabbled In politics since
his student days. and his pertinacity
while young gained for him the sobrl-
quet "El Polio de Antequera," the chick
en- Of Antequera. his birthplace.
Senior Romero is a great judge OF bull
fights. that being his great passion next
to politics. The torreo always finds q
welcome at his home, where silver
mounted horns ana other trophies OF the
arena are to be seen at every turn. AZ
a youth he often donned the silk and
took part in the contests az metadore
and was noted for his knowledge Of tho
art OF tauromachia and his deSterity In
the caDa.
His wife is a Cuban and owns great
estates on the island, so they are both
greatly interested in the present war.
Their daughters go- much In Madrid So
c!ety and are very popular.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

Inhabitants will see the truth. Many
won't wish TO see it. All colonial coast
cities are alike in this that they contain
nany foreigners, many subjects who are
..ch and are easy going patriots, and
hst but not least, a nondescript class,
mastering an the discontinued and tur-
O1.ent elements.
IDe foreigners and the rich subjects
are ready TO give in 20 the stronger
power and FOR That very reason this
attitude sUrs up the wrath Of the mass
aaainst their more fortunate fellow
D1.as and ogaipst the conqueror.
"a,n the British 6om0arded and cap
'aid Alexandria IN 1852. the native rab-
't was more bitter against the wealthy
.a1 the foreigners than against the
LAflish. The mob wished 20 fight and
.a.-"5 The English and took revenge
UPON the upper classes for not Joining
.htm ia Ge.cnse. There were 2narchy
aIhe and murder not because the
"Ashsh aad triumDhed, but because Jie
I".p mated the friends and abettors OF
''e English in the city. SO IL is in oil
''os OF miyed population. There can
'e no unity Of thought and purpose, no
'"eson on the part OF the different
POS es Of the cOnyulsed municipality.
santiago is more than a type for all
~. -arkest features OF Spanish seaport
amy ii is the archetype. Vice. crime
'Dl the dirk. which means death. 80
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

cendiarles in order 10 deprive the French
OF winter asylum within its walls is
the most notable example in all history
OF retaliation by the populace upon the
conquerors OF a city. In our own his
tory the nearest parallel 10 the present
situation is that of the colonial cities
held by the British during the Revoiu-
ton. In the captured cities of Boston,
New York and Philadelphia there were
strong elements favoring the conquer
ors, but the mass OF the populace sided
with the cause of the patriot army,
which had been driven out. So the en-
envy outside had friends and abettors
inside, and the invaders were openly
supported by subjects loyal to the king.
Between these two elements, the patri-
OTIS and the royalists, there was con-
slant friction.
In the conquered Spanish territory
our army has the devotion OF all patrl-
OTIS and the hatred OF all royalists. Be-
tween these two classes there is i'm
placable enmty, and the army must
maintain an impartial sway. 1t is the
policy Of the United States I'm all for
eign countries occupied by its armies
10 acknowledge and protect religion and
together with all strictly pri-
vate property. the persons OF all in
habitants, especially those OF women,
and the sacredness OF domestic rela-
tons All offenses to the contrary.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17
Telephotic Photography

The great European powers are said
10 be paying particular attention, among
their other war preparations. 10 tele-
photography as means OF getting in
formation both 10 fortifications and 9TH
er objects on their frontiers IN time OF
peace or OF the movements Of the enemy
in the event OF hostiIities.
The telepbotic camera has a combina-
ton OF lenses 60 arranged as TO furnish
an image Of distant objects magnihed In
a manner similar to the image In a tel
escope. Experiments have also been
made with long focus lenses, and they
have been found well adapted for this
purpose. III this branch is developed az
rapidly as has been the case In other
branches OF photography, not only VIII
the intelligence bureaus Of war Offices
be put in possession OF many Interesting
facts. but the readers OF illustrated pa
pers and magazines will be given accu-
rate representations of battles as they
appear to observers at close fange.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

whether committed by its own soldiers
or by the citizens OF the territory, are
vigorously punished.
Wanton violence against the inhab-
itants OF an invaded country, destrpc-
tlon OF property when not commanded
ny the authorized officer. robbery.
piilage or sacking. the woundng, maim-
ing or killing Of inha bitants, is pro-
hiblted under penalty OF death, and any
soldier, whether officer or private, OF the
United States army engaged in the act
of committing the violence may be kill
ed on the spot by his superior. All can
lures and booty belong primarily TO the
government and not TO the captors in
dividually.
Enough has been cited TO show that
the civil life and privileges Of the peo-
PIE in the conquered cities VIII be in
terfered with as little as possible. The
army marches upon Spanish soil TO
build up. not to tear down. All civil
officers OF the Spanish government who
choose to remain In the invaded terri
tory and continue the work OF their Of
flee may do SO and will receive pay out
OF the public revenue Of the country.
There is no law or body OF authoritative
rules upon this subject, but the law of
nature and Of nations and the customs
Of war prevail
In general victorious army of inva-
sion appropriates all public money and
al movable property and sequesters all
revenue OF real property belonging 20
the hostile government or nation and
may. by power inherent, suspend. !
change or abolish the relations which |
arise from the services due. according /
to the existing laws of the invaded
from one citizen, subject or |
n i've Of the same to another. The per- |
OF titles to real estate sedues- 1
tered. as we'll as Of the changes in legal /
is subject TO the terms of |
the final treaty of peace.
The commander of a United States
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17
Santiago de Cuba as the Grim
ArChetype of All the Darkest
Features OF Spanish Sea-
port Villainy.
BY CAPTAIN GEORGE L. KlLME2.

hand IN hand. True, the iron hand of
the army is all powerful, but just as
you cannot indicL whole people so
you cannot subdue q whole people--not
At a stroke. The forts may fall the
army lay down its weapons and the
governors capijulate. but the cowardly
fellows who are brave only in the dark
with foe at a disadvantage still thirst
for general revenge. More men are
required 10 properly police "A refractory
captured city than to carry II by storm.
1t is comparatively easy to shoot down
sentinels and patrol squads from be-
hind door or out of an attic window
The horrors of the Paris commune burst
forth after the German army had made
its triumphant entry into the city and
the civil authorities were using every
means TO pacify the country.
AS rule, the conquering army does
not occupy a city proper with a large
force. The troops march through the
principal streets as a demonstration to
the people and then retire TO the con-
quered fertilization and to camps in the
vicinity, leaving strong guard at the
more important points, with adequate |
re endorsements for the municipal po- |
lice If that is available. The overturned |
including the police and |
judges, are not forced against their will
to cooperate with the conquering army
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17
The Yoke OF the Victor Usually
Calls the Neck of the
Vanquished.

| as his martial law" order It provided
for the control Of the troops and Of the
conquered people in their relations with
/ each other.
| SCOTS first conquest was the city CT
Vera Cruz, locally governed by an al
| calde. General Worth was made mill
tary governor and commander of the
Notifications. He Immediately issued
his instructions TO the alcalde, which
were that arms IN possession Of Mexi-
can. citizens should be given into the
custody OF the alcalde and reported to
military headquarters, that oil drinking
saloons be closed and that Mexican laws
as between Mexicans should be enforced
and justice administered by Mexican
tribunals. Everything was done TO con-
ciliate the inhabitants, and they were
allowed to leave and enter the city at
will between the hours of sunrise and
sunset.
BY Scotts order all crimes of violence
and desecratlon, whether by Mexicans
or United States citizens. were tried by
military court. One paragraph of the
order provided that in all cities and
towns occupied by the American army
q Mexican police should be established
and duly harmonized with the military
police of the said forces.
At the City of Mexico our army met
with the experience to be expected in
invasion. Santa Annals Mexican army
evacuated the place. leaving it in the
hands Of the civil authorities. Ameri-
can troops had broken through the
walls in places commission of the
municipal authorities approached tho
outpost of the army under a flag OF
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

away. Turning to staff officer. ne
said: will you have the kindness to so
and say to our volunteer friends that it
is ursoldierlike, bad manners and dan
gerous TO discharge arms in city. and
say to their officers that it must not &C.
cur again?'
The officer hurried across the grand
plaza to one of the main streets, and
while on the way more shots were
heard. At corner of the plaza ne saw
Mexicans with arms in their hands run
ming, and the firing in the streets in
creased. After learning that the shots
We're fired by Mexicans the aid SO re-
ported to Scott. Orders were given to
the army to occupy all church steepies
and the roofs Of houses with sharp
shooters, to sweep the streets with can
lister and to break into all buildings
from which hostile shots were fired. 1t
required two days of that sort OF work
10 subdUe the turbulent citizens.
The burning of Moscow by citizen in
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17
tCoryright. 1881


Santiago as captured Spanish city
vu furnish many useful examples for
The guidance of the United States army
10 its future campaigns.
In the long run submission Is better
flf the inhabitants Of a beleaguered city
than armed resistance. For that reason
Dr. -l.lnt be supposed that the noncom-
b.tarts would welcome the new rulers
and work with them for the establish
1eut OF order. Social and moral chaos
Is inevitable after q city has been
through an attack. First and foremost
the martial domination Of the defend
Ing army is CALLING 10 citizens. seldom
i, tho voice unanimous for defense, and
il the Cities Of Spanish colonies al pres
cat ID goes with the saying that the peo-
pie one not half loyal TO the mother
country. They chafe under Spanish
domination and become impatient or
any military rule.
There IS no ordeal through which a
city can pass more trying than that of
siege ana conquest All barriers OF re-
s.raInt are thrown down. 1t is a revolu-
ton which heaves the dregs upward.
the siege the peacefully dis
posed look forward 10 the end with fear
and dread. With the capitulation comes
t.C realization Of their worst fears.
At Santiago the Spanish authorities
have done their best to breed trouble for
d. United States army. While they
have done IL by spreading baseless and
senseess lies. the lies are there first. and
IL viii be long before the best disposed
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

Grant, "Stonewall" Jackson and Sheri-
dan all brought their fayorite chargers
safely through many bloody battles, and
both Generals Lee and Jackson were
outived by their warhorses. Cincinnati.
General Grants most famous stud. was
presented to him by man also named
Grant. but no relation OF the great COM
mander. Cincinnati weathered the per-
lis of the war and died as sincerely Ia
mented as he had lived respected.
II was on the back OF Sorrei that
"Stonewalr' Jackson received his death
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17
Barbed Wire In
War at Santiago,

One of the astonishing spectacles OF
the Santiago campaign was the specta-
Gle OF American troops charging into
American barbed wire, while from be-
yond the novel chevaux de frise Span
ish artillery and Mauser rifles poured
into our ranks hail of death. The wire
was very serious obstruction. but the
soldiers cut it with the nippers provided
them, and the Cubans hacked II down
with their machetes. Before the San
tiago campaign began the government
was apprised Of the barbed wire defenses
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

animal is set mp In the Royal United
Service institution In Whitehall yard.
London. and to all visitors II Is pointed
out as Marengo, the charger Napoleon
rode at the battle OF Waterloo.
Secretary John ID. Longs name heads
the list OF vice presidents Of the'Ameri-
can Humane Education society He has
induced Secretary Alger TO issue an or
der recommending the shooting Of
horses and mules wounded In battle.
Our exports OF tobacco to Spain
amounted to 10000 900 pounds annually.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

ate lines. Grant said Butler was bot
tied up" and effectively disposed of.
General Andrew Jackson was an ar
dent horse lover. and three fine chargers
were always set aside for his use when
he was with the army. Tradition. how
ever. does not say that he favored or
loved any special horse. but 1t does say
that when his men were making forced
marches along the heavy roads he usu-
ally preferred TO leave his saddle and
march with the soldiers.
Generals Robert E. Lee. Ulysses 8.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

came. was spirited thoroughbred.
standing Is hands high, and $1,000 was
the price paid for him by the duke.
The expression bottled up" as APP
piled to predicaments like that of Ad-
mirai Cervera. was first used by Gener-
al Grant TO describe General Buffers
mishap in May. 1864. Butler took $4,000
Federal troops between Richmond and
Petersburg. but the southern army
drove him back TO Bermuda. headed and
hemmed him in between the Appomat-
tox and James rivers and the Confeder.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

wound, and the plucky little horse then
passed into the keeping Of his masters
father-in-law, clergyman. In 1885 he
died death natural 20 venerable horse
flesh after having seen nearly ten terri
BILE battles, and his body. very skilifulIy
mounted. now stands In glass case In
the library Of the Soldiers home. vir-
ginia.
Nine years after the Emperor Napo.
leon died at st. Helena an old white
horse persisted OF old age and pneu-
monia in England. The skeleton OF this
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17
LITTLE WAR STORIES.

70 ,oin the ranks of the social discon-
tents.
one warhorse that has made splen-
did record FOR himself and now has his
yirrnes. name and noble deeds engraved
on a fitting tombstone was the little
chestnut the great Duke Of Wellington
rode at the oattle Of Waterloo. Copen-
hagen. named after the capital OF Dem
mark. from which country and city he
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

inc Prince Of Naples is having all The
''a'es In the garrison at Naples
@sA' scientihc farming. This IL to
~. me the dislike for farming shown
,"' soidiers--eyen by those who come
.t agricultural districts--when dis
,1 esu The Italian soldier 10 compel
s1 !" earn to read and write. and when
h. 0.'es out OF service II % said that
'sVis ''bove farming end is very apt
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1898-07-17

After the Prussian war Ger
many tried 10 bully Spain into selling
the island Of Porto Hico. but desisted
when Secretary Fish told her that the
ect wouId be understood as an "un-
friendly intrusion" into the American
continent.
The herald., 1898-01-08
FRIDAYS SONG
Oars nodfng on dis island dat yer can't
oct free

Oars nodfng on dis island dat yer cant
get free!
Boom de boom de rido!
From a green umbrella to a mango tree,
Boom de boom de rido!
Oars a roasted possum dowp der chimney
An he's stuffed wild onions and wild chest
nuts, too!
De milk and honey Is fowin' down de
street;
It's a slap-up island, and 1t can't be beat
Nohow! Boom de boom de rido
Oars noding on dis island dat yer have ter
Boom de boom de rido!
Yer just sit still and it walks ter you,
Boom de boom de rido!
Oar amt no troubles an dar amt no
crime,
But it's balm O. Gilead all der time;
An dar amt no taxes an dar amt no care,
But it's summer and sunshine all der year,
You bet! Boom de boom de rido
Oars noding on dis island dat dar ain
thrown in,
Boom de boom de rido!
When yer buys de oxen, why yer buys der
skin,
Boom de boom Nde rido!
If yer buys a melon. why yer buys de
patch:
If yer buys chicken, why she's bound to
hatch;
If yer kiss and yer caught and marries yer
Why all her relations dey goes wild der
gal
Just so, hey! Boom de boom de rido!
Richard Mansfield, Blown Away"
The herald., 1898-01-08
Florence's Last Joke

Florence's last joke was one of his best,
and was also peculiarly pathetic and pro-
phstic. He came to New York from Bos-
ton at the close of an engagement there,
and was on his way to Philadelphia. At
the Fifth Avenue hotel, where he always
stopped, he was told that the barber who
had shaved him for many years had died
that Sunday morning, and was to be buried
the next afternoon. Florence's profess
sional engagements would not permit him
to attend the funeral, but he would like
to do something to show his respect for
Fritz and his sympathy for Fritzs family
The boys in the shop had subscribed for a
floral tribute, and had raised 1923 for the
purpose. Here are $27 more" said Flor
ence; make it something handsome! As
the largest contributor he was asked be-
fore he left town to suggest an appropri-
ate motto to be fixed in purple violets
across the enormous mass of white roses
which had been ordered for the occasion
something which everybody would un-
derstand and which Fritz himself would
have liked. Without a moments hesita-
ton the actor said Next" and the word
was accepted and adopted.
"And alas!' said Mr.. Jefferson, telling
the story, poor Billy himself was the
next to answer the familiar call!'-Janu-
airy Harper's.
The herald., 1898-01-08
EXIT DURRANT
nlands.

Durrant Is dead. He has paid the pen
atty upon the gallows of his diabolical
crime. The majesty of the law has been
vindicated. The state of California has
preserved it's good name.
To the last moment Durrant main
tanned his innocence of the crime with
which he was charged and for the COM
mission of which he was tried, con-
demned and hanged. Notwithstanding
his profession of innocence, few, if any,
doubt his guilt, or will shed a tear be-
cause of the tragic ending of his life.
The law jealousy guards the rights
of a man charged with the commission
of a crime. 1t throws around him every
safeguard consistent with his presumed
innocence and demands from the state
that his guilt shall be proved. not by
mere preponderance of evidence but by
such evidence as shall remove every rea-
sonable doubt of guilt.
Durrant had the benefit of all these
legal projections and in the face of them
and upon satisfactory and sufficient evil
dence was fairly tried and justly con-
demned. Two years of painstaking and
diligent work in his behalf by his clever
attorneys have brought to light no new
facts or circumstances that even tend
to prove his innocence.
1t is we'll for the state of California
that this murderer has expiated his
crime. He has suffered righteous pun
ishment. He has been hanged, and let
us hope that this stern example of the
majesty and the certainty of the law
will live as a constant warning and ter
ror of the fate of all assassins. While
the state should be careful to protect
and shield the innocent, yet let not this
lesson be destroyed by the rep
etition of the disgraceful farces which
have hitherto disgraced our state by the
acquittal of criminals who thrive by
their UNPUBLISHED crimes and continue
in their wicked ways because of the in
difference, the carelessness or even
the connivance of the officers of the
state who are sworn to execute the laws.