The San Francisco call., 1898-08-17

minor under the age of 21 years, who has | resided in the United States three yeaLs y5ra
 next preceding his ar5lval va raside a t therein | to the time he may make appncallone u | he admitted a citizen thereoI' M MHieS a,d
 he arrives at the age ol 5r rs within the | TTnited States including the three yea fe | of his minority, be admitted cltlaeht' ltti u3 d he must make a decIaratle4++ de +re oli court that | nrove to the satisfaction or the cpuil , Stio,c | for two years next preceding IL neS 3ti | his bona-fide intention to peuotG pS;ntjon 1ayrs
 gen. You will find the a o1S5 to 174 of tbe tb ' Revised Statutes of the United States.
 BUSINESS City It is asserted +bo+ about a5 per cent of business 'eh-
 .,,r.e .,-nas n,ea+ with disaster, that is, the
 norties who engage in business elther ldl once or 20 out of business. An eXnauS ; tive article on that subject p ic,,i tt the reports of the Secretary oL the ner- t,ra shows that while that was the per contope of unsuccessful business f11res the reverse was shown III sI asIiIGu tural pursuits, the failures peins oliiS per cent.
 NICARAGUA CANAL-R. D. B., City. The Nicaragua Canal Company of which Varnar Miller was the president pro- noeed to build the canal with three locks. The length was to be 12O miles, and the fine to traverse it was to be twenty eight hours. Were the canal built ana open to navigation 1t would occasion a saving of 1030 miles one way ana IuoO
 miles the round trip to vessels making the western voyage to San Francisco. Tak- ing New York as a starting point. the distance from that port to San Fran
 cisco is 15,672 miles, or 31,344 miles the round trip By the Nicaragua canal the
 distance to be traversed would be only
 5SS6 miles, or 11,272 miles, both ways
 CITIZENSHIP. S.. Palermo, Butte
 County, Cal. An alien coming to ti-e
 United States can, the moment ne lahas,
 go to a court of proper 1urlsdlcuoh anu
 make a declaration that 1t IS ms intention
 to become a citizen of the Unleo states
 But before he can apply for final papers 1t
 must appear by oath that the applicant filed his declaration Of intention not less
 than two years oeI9r9 fEa yesrs rontipm ously in the United States ana Wltnln the
 State of Territory in which he applies for citizenship at least one year. An snen
 may file a declaration on the day of ar rival vet he may not make application for final papers until twenty years after.
 HORSEPOWER E. D., City. Horse mower is a term in mechanics used in ex- pressing the force of motive power. It Is based on the assumption that horses In general perform a certain constant amount of work in a specified time-an as- sumption evidently erroneous. The fun- damental unit of work Is the foot pound, hut in measuring the work of horse by this unit the most celebrated engineers differ widely. Boulton and Watt, baslng their calculation on the work of London drayhorses working eight hours day, estimated it at 8, 900 foot pounds per min ute. DAubisson. taking the work done by horses in whims at Freiberg, estimated the work at IS, ,44O foot pounds. working eight hours a day. DeSagulierS estimate
 was 4400O. Smeatons 22,000 and Tread
 golds 2, 500 foot pounds. Seventeen thou
 sand four hundred is thought to be about
 correct. It matters little, however, which ! is used provided the same be always used; and accordingly, the original eStt- ! mate of Watt is still counted horse
 power. Such power is designated as nomi-
 nal, indicated and actual Nominal Is
 adopted and referred to by manufactur-
 CTS of steam-engines in order to express
 the capacity of an engine, the elements i steam cylinder and a conventional pres sure of steam and speed of piston. Indl-
 cated designates full capacity in the cyl
 finder as developed in operation and with
 out any deduction for friction. Actual
 refers to its actual power as developed
 by it's operation, involving elements of
 mean pressure upon piston. its velocity
 and a just deduction for friction of op->
 eration of the engine. In calculating the
 Watts unit the general rule Is to multiply together the pressure in pounds
 on a square inch of the piston the area
 of the piston in inches. the length of the
 stroke per minute. The result divided by
 B 900 will give the horsepower, but one
 tenth of the whole must be deducted as
 an allowance for friction.