davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23

alton. The smallness OF the garrison
saved IL from severe punishment. II
concentrated its efforts in the best
protected part Not man was killed on
either side during the bombardment
One soldier OF the garrison was NOR
tally injured on the day of surrender by
the bursting OF a gun while firing sa-
Lutte to the star spangled banner be-
fore lowering Ii. This man. not killed in
battle, was the first victim Of the civil
war.
The surrender OF General Lee on April
9, 1865. at Appomattox Court House vir-
tually terminated the war. The surren-
der of General Johnston to Sherman fol-
lowed IL days later, and thus the two
principal armies of the Confederacy
were disbanded. There were some minor
collisions after April 9, the last being
fought on the Rio Grande. in Texas,
May 13. The transmississippi army OF
the Confederacy, the last in the field
was surrendered by Kirby Smith on
May &C.
Universal disbandment of the Confed-
crate forces led to the assumption on
the part OF the Federal government that
the war was over and during 1866 the
larger part OF its own army was muster
ed out.
BY proclamation on April 2. 1866. the
war was declared at an end in all the
seeded states except Texas. and on
Aug. 20 OF the same year it was declared
at an end in Texas.
On May %, 1866, the president issued
an amnesty proclamation. excluding
from its benefits IA classes OF those most
prominent in the Confederacy. This was
followed by others on Sept. z, 1867; Ju-
ly 4. 1868. and Dec. 25. 1868 the last max
ing the amnesty universal
The blockade of all ports I'm the south
crn states was removed by presidential
proclamation OF June %, 1865. while one
of Aug. 20 following annulled al re-
strictions upon trade with them.
But IL Is not alone on this side Of the
water that wars have been leisurely
ended. In Europe the same conditions
have prevailed, as indeed they have ev-
erywhere. The elaborate machinery
must be stopped slowly, and II is unlike
ly that any rapid method for accom-
pllshing this purpose will ever be de-
vised.
The go called Spanish succession" TO
the Castiilan throne served as q pretext
FOR Napoleon III, who desired 10 bind
himself and his government TO the
hearts OF the people and To cause them
Go forget certain conditions. by a re-
animation OF their martial spirit. TO
make war upon Germany. The French
reserves were called 20 arms on July 15.
1870, and four days later the French
declaration Of war was handed In at
Beriin- The Germans. however, were
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23

the history OF battles between people
unevenly pitted against each other.
With resources almost equal at the
start the Chinese surrendered or lost
ever, single effective warship OF their
navy To the Japanese, and the reason
was that the Japs were the better fight
ers and had q more intelligent control
of their fighting machines. Most OF the
Chinese navy and ordnance were OF for
eign build. as is the case with q large
proportion OF SPANS navy. The Japa-
nese won dashing victories and annihi-
lated the Chinese navy. The parallel has
been continued in the present naval
warfare between the United States and
Spain.
The battle OF the Yalu river was the
first decisive struggle with modern ma
val armament. Only one English speak
ing man lived long enough after that
sanguinary conflict to tell of the terri
BILE havoc wrought by the guns OF mod
ern ironclads I'm action. He was Cap
tain Philo McGiffin. the commander Of
the Chinese battleship Chen Yuen, one
OF the few vessels that survived the
fight. She was struck by shot and shell
more than 400 times. but was still able
TO fight when the Japanese fleet with
drew. Every man on board of her was
wounded and the majority of her crew
slain. McGiffin was wounded more than
40 times his most serious injuries COM
ing from the bursting OF his own ships
guns. The Chen Yuen was on fire on
the port side, and the Japanese kept
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23

shortly after there is an offer upon the
part OF the defeated country to enter
into peace negotiations.
The days have passed when a small
army Of professional soldiers goes to war
to conquer C city or a province and aft
CT a few battles seeks winter quarters
from which to sue for peace or to ac-
ccpt the capitulation OF the enemy
The wars OF the present call whole
nations to arms. the entire financial re-
gources OF the government are involved.
and the different seasons OF the year
havs no bsaring on the necessary prog
ress OF hostilities.
Eut how do wars end? Their begin
ming is none too rapid. nut the de-
lays I'm settling the diplomatic uues-
tions are generally OF an exasperating
nature To an excited people. who are
unable 20 comprehend the protractcd
sessions ot body of peace commits
Gionerg. with the seemingly needless
ouiDblinr o. Insignificant points and
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23

claimed. and the alleged war. which
was miserable lasco, so far as Greece
was concerned. ended by the withdraw
al OF the Turks to their own domains.
They were forced to do this by the
threats OF other European nations. The
Greeks were also obliged to retire from
Crete. There was really no formal ter
minatlon OF the war. No final settle
ment has ever been made. 1T is a Pc
culiar condition that never existed be-
fore and one which would not be per-
mitted between nations OF standing.
There was simply cessation OF hostili-
ties after the Turks had wreakcd their
vengeance upon Grecian sympathizers
and compatriots In Thessaly.
The Japan-China war ended in July
1895. From beginning TO end II is simply
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23

shell from the Japanese cruiser tu(o<
the turret and killed every man jncl(
On Feb IL negotiations were bcK1
between Admiral Ting and Admiral x@|
for the surrender OF the Chinese 0o1(>'
Five days later the negotiations W&IU
concluded. and the Japanese entcxo(L
the Wei-Hai-Wei harbor and took po1<<
session OF the ten remaining ships. bUG
there was another series OF dashing cn<
gagements. ending I'm the complete do<
feat OF the Chinese. Even Philo McGi1t
fin could not Bring victory TO the faint
hearted. yellow tinted celestials. The
negotiations were extraordinarily diroc1
and in few weeks were settled. Chln0
was forced to pay a large war indena@
nifty. which she handed over almost iu1-
mediately, and the six month"; war woo
ended. I
II will be noticed that formerly wars
continued after the declaration Of an arr
mistice and even sometimes later than
the conclusion of a peace treaty, -
was the case in the war OF 1912. the bait
tie OF New Orleans being fought on ian
s, 1915. though the United States ana
England had agreed upon terms 0f
racitication in December.
This was owing principally to the abs
sence OF telegraphic communications
rapid mail service. railroads. cables
and all the latter day facilities for quick
interchange OF messages. and also part
| ly TO that spirit OF warIike hatred
which, now controlled by military dis
cipline. gave vent TO a sort OF qualified
savagery upon defeated enemy. The
shadow OF peace broods over the very
battlenelds at present. and sudden
termination of the most bloody wars
may be expected. although there will
! still be the tedious and long drawn out
| diplomatic conferences and agreements
OF the peace commissioners represents
| ing the contending nations.
BERT PLYMPTON.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23
=. .. NE.') :. = ..

teries. but Smelling the Roumanian for
tress Of Kalafat by the Turks at Wild
IN was the beginning OF serious war
fare. The great battle of 'evna was
fought in the last days OF July. The
surrender OF Ilidja TO the Russians on
Feb. 10. 1878. was .he virtual end OF
hostilities In the Turko- Russian war
The first direct step toward ncgotia-
tion for peace was taken by the Otto
man government Immediately after the
fall OF Plcvna. On Dec. II. 1877, the
porte issued q circular appeal TO the
powers recounting their desire TO end
the struggle. claiming that Russia was
the aggressor and giving ~ account Of
its alleged wrongs. No notice was taken
OF this diplomatic paper, though Eng
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23
The Negotiation of Peace Is a Long
and Tedious PrOCeSS===SOme
Historic Instances.

day, the stars and stripes were lowered.
the garrison marched out with the hon
ors of war. and the Confederate fiag WIS
aised over the works On April IA, 1866.
just four years later. the United States
flag was again flying to the breeze there
as the result Of the Confederate evacu-
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23

Comparing the number Of woundB ~
ceived I'm land fight with thooo rooo1ve
cd in naval combat. u n found tnoe
they are almost Identical Tho Gi9ore
ence f. that In land nght the oTooooro
number Of injuries received aro - ~
extremities, the head and hands oou1n0
next. while In battles at - tho 49,
wounds are most numsrous. end 4D1D
OF the extremitics come next .I
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23

and shells of the enemy. The men
would not 60 without . leader. and the
Chinese ofilcers declined 20 be sacri-
feed. Though no Was commander OF
the ship and urgently needed In the
coming tower. McGiffin stepped into the
breach and icd partv 81 70 ''~-s to stop
the fro. -i. tDrdc. l,r Just as
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23

take up arms. Russia would therefore
ran the gantlet OF the Russian squad
ron on the 1st of May into the Black
During the first week Of May actions
took Mace batween gunboats ana bat
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23

and their retreat ended I'm humillat-
ing rout. The army, or the remnants
Of IL. rushed back to Athens. and for Q
while there was q threatened rsvolu-
the ruling dynasty. An armistice was
allow Turkey 70 exactths indsmnity sbs
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23

decisions. IL Is necessary 10 call ir the
aid OF history Cor the purpose OF deter
mining how international struggles are
usually brough. to an end.
The first battle, or. rather, skirmish.
for Texan independence from Mexico
was fought near Gonzales on Oct. z,
1895. Sam Houston was commander in
chief OF the ranger patriots. This war
included the tragedy OF the Alamo on
Feb. 20, 1896. when the strong fort near
San Antonio, garrisored at the time by
40 men under command OF w. Il. TRAY :.
Is and 80 more who subsequently forced
their way through the Mexioans out
side was bombarded by Santa Anna
and 1000 soldiers for III days and final
ly carried by assault On March the
entire garrison was put to the sword.
and but three persons-a woman, a
child and a servant-were spared. The
Mexicans lost 1000 of their force. Davy
Crockett was found with heap of
Mexicans about him killed in his last
brave fight.
The battle OF SaE Jacinto on Apri! 21
following, in which Houston defeated
and captured Santa Anna, practically
ended the war. There was no declara-
tion of peace or even OF cessation OF
hostilities, but the Mexicans did not
again invade the disputed territory. and,
left undisturbed. the Texans elected
Houston president in September, and
he was inaugurated on Oct. p.
In March. 1897, the United States ac-
knowledged the independence of Texas.
but Mexico never has done so and still
probably claims technical and moral
right to that state as part of her pos
sessions.
Texas was annexed TO the Union in
1S45. and this act was regarded by Mex
leo as a casus belli Hostilities began
April 25. 1916, and in May General Zach
ary Taylor crossed the Rio Grande. and
there resulted a series of engagements
In which the American arms were uni
formly successful. At the same time
Commodores Sloat and Stockton and
Colonel Fremont were conquering Cali
fornia.
The great battle of Buena Vista was
fought on Feb. %. 1S47, and the last
general battles were the five successive
victories won by Scott in one day. Aug.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1898-05-23
copyright. 1881

I'm the midst OF life we arc in death" !"
With equal truth II may be said.
"In the midst OF peace VIC are In war"
or. to reverse the latter. ''In tho midst
Of war we are in peace"
At the present juncture everybody is
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28

Philadelphia, Sept. 26.-Re' 'yrus 7.
Brady, archdetcon OF the testant
Episcopal diocese Of eastern snnsyl-
yania and chaplain Of the First Hgiment
PENNSYLVANIA volunteers, In sermon
Sunday severely criticised the manage
ment Of the volunteer camps which came
under his supervision at ChickJ manga,
where his regiment was stationed for a
long time He said the medic Il, COM
missary, quartermaster and ordnance
departments were all to bameTf
II personally saw men in the hospitals
In camps for SIS hours without ahy medi-
cal attendance whatever" sab he. Il
saw men In those hospitals suffering from
the fever with the rain beating down
upon them. / saw men committed to
the care of unskilled attendants. when 1t
was absolutely impossible for them to
receive anything like the attention they
deserved. / saw men suffering from
fever, lying with their mouths open, and
their mouths filled with flies"
In conclusion the archdeacon SAID:
81 wonder If | dare, being sti in the
government service, say more. There is
much more that might be told if it were
proper for me to tell 1t, but perl bps this
will suffice. / had not intended - touch
upon this phase Of our experience at all,
but when think that these thi~ gs have
taken pace in this the richest, greatest
and presumably the most adval ced ma
ton on the face Of the earth, cannot
hold my peace"
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28
The Weather.

Boston, Sept 27.-The warm and
pleasant weather of the early part Of
last week aided the rapid ripening and
harvesting of all crops, 70 that no great
amount of damage resulted from the
general frosts of the morning of the 21st.
During the middle and latter part the
weather was much cooler. The rain of
the 23d relieved the drought. which was
becoming quite serious in many parts of
Maine, Vermont and New Hampshire,
excepting in few sections of Maine,
where more rain is needed to fill streams
and wells and place pastures in good con-
dition. Over the greater part Of New
make the ground in fit condition for pillow.
ing, seeding and fall work.
Corn is being husked, and is reported
a good and large crop without exception
Buckwheat is reported a good crop. The
conditions are excellent for fall blowing
and seeding, which, though delayed by
the rainy weather. is being rapidly COM
pleted
The season favored grass. The hay
crop mas been so large that In many IN
stances rowen and meadows were moi
cut. Pastures and fields are reported
as green as in June, with excellent fal
feed,
In sections of southern New Hamp
shire apples are reported large croI
and of good quality, but otherwise tn,
crop is light many reporting it to be no
more than half or third Of the usual sup
ply Peaches, plums and pears are gen
orally light and below the usual quality
Cranberry picking is well advanced, blu
he crop is much less than expected, niue
damage having occurred from insects
sun scald and early frosts.
Potatoes are an average crop excep
In few instances where rot was severe
digging will soon be finished. Squashe
are large crop of good quality. Vege
tables generally yield well.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28

Ex.Gov. U. A. Woodbury. has been
rendered and has accepted place on the
war investigating commission.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28
Returning Klondikers.

Port Townsend, Wash, Sept. 26.-The
steamship Topeka has arrived from
Lynn canal ports with $50 Klondikers.
the most of whom have little or no dust
to show for the experience in the land
of gold. They express themselves as
being glad to get out alive. Three thou
sand cases of typhoid fever is the esti-
mate placed on the number of sick in
Dawson on Sept 6. A large number of
deaths occur daily, of which no record
s made. The cold weather coming on
soon will check the fever.
1t Is estimated that 5000 people Joined
the rush to Stewart river. Nearly every
foot of available ground has been pros
pected, but no gold was found. That
section has been deserted by all excep
few who hope to create more excite
ment next season. Among the Topeka's
passengers was Joseph Ladue, tn,
founder OF Dawson. He says that man.
who return are men that, even IL tn
country were one solid mass of gold
would not make anything, consequently
they give the country bad name. II
admits there is a great deal Of sickness
but says that Dawson has hospita
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28
THE HERoN's NEST.

Down In the sedge by the river
That flows from the south to the west,
BY the iris blue pennants, a-quiver,
There builded heron her nest.
With hay from the lowland meadow
With twig from the forest tree,
With moss from the woodland shadow,
She wrought II cunningly
Then, with mother love, she brooded above,
And-hark to the children three.
With the mists of the dawn upcurling
In vaporous wreaths to the sky,
The heron, her wings unfurllng,
Went forth from her childern's cry.
when the lamps" she said, "of Heaven
Shall burn DER the land and the sea,
In the cool Of the dewy even
To my home will hasten me-"
Then, in search of food. went she from her
brood,
And-alasl for the children three,
The eve was fed, and the stars had burned
them
Adown to their sockets edge.
The dawn was chill, and the nestlings
turned them
In lone unrest in the sedge.
But home no more came the heron ever,
From over the land and the sea-
Through the even song, and the dawning,
never
In all the years came she;
For the bullet had sped, and the heron
dead,
Lay-afar from the children three.
Emma M. Long. in N. Y. Independent.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28
WEATHER RECORD.
At Bingham's Drug Store, for the week
ending Sept. 27, 1898.
WANTED. FOR SALE, ETC.

[Small advertisements will be inserted in
this column in reading matter type at the
rate of two cents q word for the first inser-
ton and one cent word for subsequent IN
sertions. Cash must accompany the order. !
CAPABLE WOMAN wants housekeeper's
place in small family. Address E. GALE
DOMAIN office.
DREssMAKING. After Oct. 18th / am
prepared to 60 out by the day for all
kinds of fashionable dressmaking. Terms
81 so day. May Blanch Wright, Is
Summer street.
WANTED Two furnished rooms suita-
BILE for an Office. Address {, CALIFORNIAN
Office.
A first class tenement to rent cheap.
Address Box II, St. Johnsbury Centre.
OLD PAPERS for sale at five cents a
bunch at the CALIFORNIAN Office.
All the latest designs in Knight Tenn
plar cards for sale at the CALIFORNIAN
office.
For SALE-One, Is Mage coal stove.
one cooking range, one Taber organ, one
ash book case, all second hand. Bundy's
Shoe Store, As Main St.
TENEMENT TO RENT, ground floor, 16
Railroad street, Enquire of A. B.
Pringle. et
GIRL WANTED for general homework.
Address j., CALIFORNIAN office.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28
Sixteen Have settled.

Brockton, Sept. 27.-The addition of
the Lilly-Brackett company to the list
of those settled brings the list up to 16
and the number of men at work nearly
as large as those out on strike. Other
settlements are reported in sight by the
press committee, and several conferences
have been asked for.
The Poles who are out on a strike at
d. w. Fields factory claim that they
have been paying from $40 to $50 for their
Jobs to the foreman and from IS to So a
week for getting shoes without caps to
last.
Walter Shaw, representative of one
of the shoe companies, laughs at the idea
Of striking the state, and says that
Brockton has been picked out as a mark
for the unions Of the vicinity who adopt
ed the price list which caused tile strike.
He stated that the Brockton manufac-
turers were losing thousands or dollars
daily by the strike, and that the Auburn,
Me-, manufacturers were gaining like
amount. He predicted that the men
would be sorry inside of six weeks that
they had not taken the advice of the de-
throned Secretary.
The conference committee of the last
ers met last night, when the committee
sent to Boston to interview the machine
companies made it's report the COM
mittee said it had notified the companies
that If they do not remove their agents
from the Brockton factories by9 a. m.
Wednesday, the entire district would be
struck, and If necessary a larger terri
tory. The pickets reported that they
had induced so new employees to leave for
their homes. 20 g
Two demonstrations occurred during
| the evening, one in Montello, but in
neither was anyone injured One dis
turbance occurred in front of hotel at
which party of Armenians had regis
tered without knowledge of the pro-
prietor. The guests in the hotel threat
ened to vacate If the men were allowed
to stay, and the strikers congregated out
side waiting for the new arrivals. The
Armenians having registered, the hotel
keeper could not turn them out; but
matters were finally patched up so that
they either returned to Boston, or got
lodging elsewhere. A number of men
whohad come to take the strikers places
returned to Boston on the evening train
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28
The Spanish Instructions

Madrid, Sept. N.-The peace commits
sioners have been instructed to contend
strongly for the integrity of Spanish
sovereignty in the Philippines on the
ground that the protocol between Spain
and the United States was signed before
Manila capitulated; and also to make
firm stand regarding the Cuban d BIT and
the Philippine loan of 1896, If Ljlzon is
coded to America. Should the United
States prove less exacting than is ex-
pected, the commissioners have power to
make all possible concessions, political
and commercial compatible with the
retention of Spanish sovereignty in the
Philippines; but in the event of losing a
portion of the islands, they are instruct
ed to resist to the utmost any attempt
of the United States to claim the right
of preference over other powers should
Spain desire to sell or cede the remainder
Of the islands,
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28
To Aid the Soldiers.

The Northwestern railroad has issued
an order for special attention to be given
to returning soldiers whether discharged
or on iurlough, while upon their trains I;
especially to those in need of food or
medical attention. Other roads prob
ably may follow the North Westerns
humane move.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28
MARRIAGES..

At the brides home in Waterford, Sept. 26,
by Rev G. w. Patterson, James A. Winslow
and Mrs. Minnie Stiles.
At North Danville. Sept. 20. Rufus H. Hub.
bard OF North Danville and Lottie Wiley of
Greensboro.
At Barnet, Sept. 81, by Rev. Thos. lyric.
Ernest Conner, of Hanover. N. H.. and Inez
Dolloff of Barnet.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28
Births.

At Greensboro, Sept. Fl, to Mr.. and Mrs.
Adm Perrin, a daughter.
At East Burke, Sept. 20, son to Mr.. and
Mrs. Warren Drown.
At st. Johnsbury Sept 20. to Mr.. and
Mrs. Ernest B. Morse, daughter.
At Danvie, Sept. 10, son to Mr.. aud
Mrs. Geo. Kinesbury.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1898-09-28
Deaths.
At Waterford, Sept. 20, Thadeus B. Wheeler,

At Waterford, Sept. 20, Thadeus B. Wheeler,
aged 70 years.
At Harbor Springs, Lake County. Cali
fornia. Sept. 20. Henry T. knight, aged SO
years. Also at Woodbridge, San Joaquin
County, N. Ambrose Knight, aged n years
and five months. Brothers and natives OF
Ryegate, Vermont.
At South Ryegate, Sept. 2e, Mrs. jeanette
Cochran.
At East Barnet. Sept "a. Mrs. Merrill
Dawson.
At Greensboro, Sept. "a. Joseph Thornton.
At St. Johnsbury, Sept. 20, Mrs. John
Morancy.
At St. Johnsbury, Sept. 27. Mrs. Conrad
Beck