The San Francisco call., 1898-07-31

fighting twenty-eight duels in the course of three semesters, or eighteen months. In all of these encounters he drew blood from his opponents, and was himself only once wounded. The mark of that wound he ever after car ried. It was on his left cheek.
 Entering the University of Berlin in 1885, Bismarck soon after passed the requisite examination for professional life. However, he did not take up the practice of law, but retired to his es- quietly for several years, occupying himself in guarding the family prop erty interests.
 It was not until 1S47 that Bismarck began to attract some public attention. He was elected to the Prussian House of Burgesses, taking his stand as an ultra -loyalist. In 1851 he was chosen a representative of the new German diet of Frankfort. This was the actual be- ginning of his renowned public career. At once displaying the most remarka- ble mental activity and manifesting a wonderful grasp of affairs of state, he clearly stated his views and distinctly set forth the chief characteristics of his most important political doctrines He made most marked impression, and the result was that he at once be- gan exercising a strong influence among his colleagues. He mapped out a policy, which he ever afterward con- sistently and closely followed. He boldly opposed all revolutionary meas ures and ever having in view the best interests of Prussia, he boldly demand ed that that country should have the same right in the Diet as had Austria.
 Recalled from the Diet in 1859, Bis marck was sent as Minister to Russia. At the court of St. Petersburg he soon became an adept in the art of diplo- macy. His ability as a diplomat was recognized, and in order to give him a thorough insight into French politics he was transferred to Paris in the spring of 1862. In the fall of that year he was recalled and given the portfolio of foreign affairs, and was made pres ident of the Cabinet
 The reorganization of the army was a measure that caused great deal of turbulence in the Parliament, which time and again refused to pass the needed appropriations. Bismarck re- peatedly dissolved the Parliament. and finally to bring matters to a decided issue he notified that body that the Government would proceed to reorgan- ize the army without it's sanction.
 Bismarck carried his point. The army was reorganized, although during four sessions the Parliament declined to
  sion was dissolved.
 Upon the death of the King of Dem mark, Bismarck seized the opportunity to aggrandize Prussia by claiming the Schleswig- Holstein Duchies for the Duke of Augustinburg, the idea being to incorporate them with Germany The occupation of these duchies brought on the war between Prussia and Austria, and at the battle of Koniggratz, in 1866, Austria was overwhelmingly de- feated. Prussia, under the sllillful guidance of Bismarck, now assumed the leadership of the North German confederation, from which Austria was excluded.
 The success of this strategic move ment made Bismarck the most popular man in Germany. He had been univer- sally disliked up to the continuation of the war with Austria. He was given that conflict. Prussia's sudden ad- tary nation was not only offensive but upon the first slight pretext for declar- ing war.
 The war of 1870-71 intensified the na- tional feeling among the Germans, and Bismarck, taking advantage of the situation, carried out his ideas of uni fication, the result being the new Ger man empire. It was Bismarck who dic- tated the terms of peace with France, recovering to Germany Alsace-Lor- raine and an indemnity of one billion dollars.
 Bismarck, who had been made a