davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13

below the dotted line CA). The upper
part being next to the skin, was pro-
tected from the sun by the density Of
the fbers.
The fiber is of course useless for GER
tain classes of goods, and the shepherd
is ever on the alert to prevent by means
of shade trees this scorching.
The illustrations are given for the
purpose Of showing the principal diff
ferences in the appearance of fiber
of pure wool and fiber from the same
fleece known as kemp" The latter is
sitter and coarser, lacks the delicate,
scaly construction and is inferior for a
clothing wool.
Kemps are present in the fleece Of al
most all sheep, but most prominent IN
the fleece of Che cross breeds. These
kemps vary in length, coarseness and
elasticity according to the species of
the sheep and according to the clrcum-
stances under which the animal is bred.
They originate mostly from the results
Of exposure to which the sheep is sub
iected while on some windy hillside
Kemps are not easily distinguishable
while on the back OF the animal, for
they are generally white and clear, and
therefore more or less hidden by the
pure wool. In the case of black or
gray sheep these kemps are correspond
ingly black or gray; hence they are de-
tected only with difficulty.
Three causes affect the natural length
and quality of the fbers Of a cheep's
fleece namely, the breed, the climate
and the soil. The breeding, of course
infers that when crossing is effected
attention to proper selection OF the sheep
is essential. and only those animals are
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
ROAD FOUNDATIONS.
relford Necessary on Some .soils--some
Experiments With Macadam.

relford Necessary on Some .soils--some
Experiments With Macadam.
A telford foundation is not always
necessary, as ten ton roller will on
some soils make as good foundation
for macadam as a telford foundation.
and it is much cheaper. But on clay
soils it, or layer of fine sand, is neces.
sary, and it is possible to waste con-
siderable money in the first cost o.
draining the roadbed, instead of main
tanning the side bitches in good order.
This is abundantly shown by the ex-
perience Of Mr.. Pierce in Bridgeport,
Conn. He has built somewhat over 70
miles of four inch macadam IN and
about that city, relying on clean side
bitches for drainage. Less than one-half
of / per cent of this roadway has broken
through on account of the thinness of
the road and that was repaired by the
addition of three inches more stone.
These roads are said to have lasted, even
in toe business portions Ct the town,
for seven years before it became neces-
sary to resurface them. That is little
longer than telford road would have
lasted under the same traffic, as the tel
Ford foundation acts as an anvil and the
stones are crushed between it and the
wagon wheels.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
uov to Cook Fresh rcssss.

Properly roasted or braiseo m stock,
a fresh beef or calf S tongue is delicious
meat. It is not remarkable for it's nutri-
tious qualities; but, like the tenderloin
Of beef, the meat is of good flavor if l.
is carefully cooked and seasoned, and it
is always Of melting tenderness. Select
a fresh beef tongue for roasting. Wash
and trim it thoroughly and season it
with salt and pepper. Wrap paste
around it made of pint Of -four and a
cupful of water Roll out this paste
thin and wrap it around the tongue.
Lay it on a meat rack in a dripping
pan, with a pint of boiling water.
Roast it for about two hours Keep the
surface of the paste from drying too
hard or burning by basting it with the
boiling water in the bottom Of the drip
ping pan. At the end of this time re-
move the paste. 1t is of no further
value. Loosen the skin of the tongue
and peel it off. It should come off
easily. Lay it back in the pan, rub it
freely with butter, dredge it lightly
with -four and pour little rich brown
stock in the pan under it to baste it
with. Roast it, basting it often, until
it is we'll Drowned. Take it up. Add
mushrooms to the brown gravy in the
dripping pan, thicken it and serve it
with the tongue. The mushrooms, O.
course, may be omitted, but they add s.
great deal to the Aavcr of the tongue.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
Clipping Foretops.

Don't cut your horses foretop off if
you ever expect to sell him to dealer.
A shaved foretop knocks from 10 to
is per cent off the market value Of a
roadster, coach horse, a cob or a sad
die horse. The practice of clipping
horses foretops and generally from
three to six inches of the name with 1t
has become a common one. 1t never
improves horses looks and is rarely
beneficial. Once in a great while a
short foretop will persist in getting
tangled up in an overcheck, annoying
the horse to such a degree that it is bat
a humane act to cut it off,, but the aver
age foretop will never cause any such
trouble if the bride is properly put on
and adjusted. Mr.. M. Tichenor, proba-
bly, the most extensive dealer in short
tailed harness ard saddle horses in
America, tells me that the absence Of a
foretop has stopped him from buying
great many horses. 81 cannot use a
horse with his foretop and part of his
name clipped off, - said he, unless ]
can buy him at a price that Will enable
me to keep him six months or until the
foretop grows out again. Fashion de-
mands that a coach horse, cob, hack,
a roadster or any sort Of saddle horse
must wear foretop, and it is serious
mistake to clip it off marketable
trotting bred horse Mr.. NJ. Newgas
is one of Chicago's most extensive ex-
porters of horses and ships many trot-
ting bred coach, park and saddle horses
to London and Liverpool each week.
When questioned IN regard to the prac-
tice of clipping the foretops from trot-
ting bred horses, he said: "It's per-
nicious. I cannot buya horse for export
if mis- foretop has been cut off unless /
can get him at half his real value, be-
cause the foreign buyers always keep
such horse until the name grows out
again, and they must buy them very
cheap to do that. You cannot say too
much against that practice in your pa
per, or caution breeders too often, as
the number of trotting bred horses that
come to this market minus their fore
tops is astonishing. Horse Review.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
Converted by a Handshake.

Here is good story Of the Right
Rev. Thomas Underwood Dudley.
The bishop had gone to Beattyville,
and the place was rough and desolate
A rough locking man came up to him.
"They tell me you re from Virginia, J"
said the man.
eyes. -
"They tell me you fought with the
rebels
"Yes.''
Give me your hand, pard. My
names Bill Dolan, an I'm blacksmith
down here. %
"Bill,'' said the bishop, I'm proud
to meet you.
That night Bill Dolan went to the
service and heard the bishop preach
and he went afterward too.
Twelve years later the bishop went
to Beattyville once more. It was SOU
set. He was met by the towns clergy
man. "Bishop, Bill Dolan died yester-
day, and before he died baptized
him. said the minister. In his last
words he told me to tell the bishop that
be loved him. -
''That.'' said the bishop, "was in.
deed compensation !''-Louisville Cou'
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13

mensions. AS this process removes from
fiye.sixths to nine -tenths Of all the wood
Of each vine it seems very harsh to the
novice, until he is inclined to spare the.
pruning shears and let the vine run
away with him.
There are many interesting systems
of vine pruning. One Of the best is illus-
trated in the diagram. If the vine is
bodily cut away at the points shown by
the crosslines a A, the canes 3 3 may
be brought down to the position now
occupied by the arms c G, and the vine
begins this year just where it began the
last. The points in pruning to be en-
phasized with an inexperienced grape
grower are Cd to adopt a rational sys-
tenn of pruning and stick to it year
after year, and (2) to prune enough.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
Pruning and Training the Vine.

The diagram shows trellis recon-
mended in a bulletin from the Vermont
station as the most convenient for
grapes. It is usually made by three
wires run horizontally at heights OF
about 20, 38 and SO inches from the
ground. Concerning this and the meth
DDS of pruning and training the vine the
following is told: When the vine is OF
bearing age, one or two arms Of 1-year-
old wood are carried in either direction
from the plant along the lower wire.
From each healthy bud Of 1-year-old
wood q shoot will appear in the spring,
and as rule each of these shoots Will
bear near its base one to four branches
of grapes. It is thus necessary to begin
each spring with fair number-2o to
40 - strong l-year-old buds on each
plant. At pruning time each year the
vine must be cut back to its former di-
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
CARE or HIGHWAYS.
;galus Of Hedges to Break the wind--Uses
OF Shade Trees.

Salue Of Hedges to Break the Wind--Uses
OF Shade Trees.
We have not had time to learn by
actual experience as much about i BAD
care as we have concerning the con-
struction of highways, but this part OF
the work must not be considered of less
importance, writes A. a. Pope in The
Outlook. Drainage is essential both for
surface and for understructure. and yet
great care should be taken to SO arrange
the grades as to avoid deep washouts on
tine surface or the loosening Of the foun-
dation.
Hedges Of sufficient growth to protect
the surface of the road from the vio-
lence Of the wind will do good deal to
retain the dust, which plays so impor-
tant part in holding together the lay
ersef broken stone. Country byways,
whe.s the shoulders of regularly con-
strucaed macadam way of narrow width
are allowed to grow over with thick
covering Of turf, viii, more firmly hold
themselves and the roadbed in place By
preventing she ruttirs of the surface at
the turnout places for wagons and by
retaining in the roots Of the grass suffi-
cient moisture to assist in cementing
the whole into solid mass.
"A moderate number Of shade trees
along the highways assists. in preserv-
ing the surface of the road by prevent
ing a complete evaporation of the wa
ter. Their chief danger is the possible
disturbance of the foundation OF the
road by the spreading roots of the trees
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
Old Beck.

On the plantation Of Mr.. 7. R. Ar
misted of Cabin Point, La, is an ancient
mule, Old Beck. She is SO old and SO
useful that she becomes q mule of his
toric interest. The fact that this crea-
ture is 80 years old and still making
full mule hand every day shows the
powers of the horse-donkey hybrid.
We copy from the Tennessee Farmer
and Southern Stock Farm a picture OF
this famous mule. In a letter concern
ing her Mr.. Armisted writes:
"Old Beck was raised IN kentucky
and shipped to the New Orleans market
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
How to Make Rice Croquettes.

A cup of cold boiled rice, teaspoon
full of sugar and half as much salt, a
teaspoonful melted butter, an egg beaten
light, enough milk to make the rice
into stiff PASTE sweet lard for frying
Work rice, butter, egg, etc, into all ad-
hesive paste. Flour your hands and
make into oval balls. Dip each into
beaten egg, then in cracker dust and
fry in boiling lard a few alta time, turn
ing each with great care. When fine
brown, take out with a wire spoon and
Law in e heated coiander to drain of
svaxy drop of fat.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
THE PRINCES HORSE.

monsters of horsefesh, II hands high
and weighing over ton. The illustra-
tion shows the curious spectacle Of a
great Shire trotting around the ring in
his heavy and clumsy way, like bear
dancing. He is the property of the
prince.
1t is said the only money the prince
ever made has been in selling horses Of
his own breeding. Each spring he has
at his Sandringham estate an auction
sale of horses of his own raising. They
bring great prices, chiefly from the fact
that snobs buy them because they are
from royalty's stables.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13

CHOSEN which belong &c spec.o5 &c: &C:
for producing good, long, firm fiber
In regard to the climate, nature having
decided for herself what length and
quality of wool the sheep must produce
in each couatry, it is useless for the
sheep raiser to attempt any efforts to
the contrary, for experience has clearly
shown that he can only permanently
raise long stapled sheep where nature
favors long wool and short stapled sheep
where nature favors short wool. This
is proved by the change accomplished
in the growth of the fleece Of the sheep
by changing them from one climate to
the other. The peculiarity is that their
fleece Immediately commences to adapt
itself to the climate, and it will become
long or short accordingly. The condi-
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13

tion of the soil affects the color and
quality of the wool, and may be classed
as follows:
(A) Sheep fed on rich grass lands pro-
duce wool distinguished for its purity
of color.
(B) Sheep on sandy and red tinged
soil produce wool characterized for its
yellowness.
This yellow tinge forms in reality a
part Of the fiber and is nonremovable
even by the ordinary washing process
or by the application Of powerful in
gredients.-F. A. Farnsworth in Ma
t;oca! Stockman.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
so,avine In Winter Horticulture.

Spraying is very important in winter
Horticulture. If it is impossible to spray
the plants in the window garden for
fear of wetting carpet and drapery.
Farm Journal advises you to take the
plants to the kitchen or bathroom,
few at a time each day if it is too much
work to give them all a bath the same
day. and see that each plant has at least
a weekly bath with the syringe or
sprayer until the upper and under sides
of the leaves as we'll as every part OF the
nlant are free from dust ard insects.
This is one of the great secrets OF sue
cess with winter bioomers.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
Road Briefs.

Along poor roads land sells slowly.
There is demand for farming land and
rural homes along good highways.
Under her present road law 25S miles
of good roads have been built IN New
Jersey.
Hard roads make access to the farms
easy at all seasons; produce can be ship
ped in any weather if the highways are
passahle.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
WOOL.
!, Fleece-Dead Fiber,

Divisions of Merino Fleece-Dead Fiber,
: or 5Kemps-Climatic Influence.
The classification of the fleece of Me-
rino sheep differs in some respects from
that Of the common kinds. The annex
cd sketch is the usual sectioning Of the
Merino.
A is. recognized as the best part OF
the fleece, for its fibers are notable for
their 6neness, elasticity and brilliancy,
and are adaptable for use in the manu-
facture of the ibest grades of worsted
cloths. This division of the fleece is
termed 'tthe refna. -
D IS that portion grown on the thighs
of the sheep. It is also an exceedingly
valuable wool, bat lacks some Of the
qualities of the former grade. This Sec
tion is termed ''the fina."
e, from the throat, the shoulders
and the belly, is obtained ."the ter
ceira.' This part is a fairly good cloth
ing wool
G is ssthe Inferior quality of wool
obtained from the head ani the legs of
the animal.
On the nature Of the food Of the ami
mails, the climate and relating circum-
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
@eoMN19sSsSS5 >o- !
M]3l5lS4z, 1;5'91Il9Sy52ssSlg171}T ;'19 y2sl
i (S&E
WATERING STRAWBERRIES.
The Rightly Used Crltivator Versus the
Spriallling Cart.

The Rightly Used Crltirato- Versus the
Spriakling Cart.
The proper use of water represents an
important item in strawberry culture,
and concerning this the Ohio expert
ment station has reported the following
conclusic1s:
Irrigation cannot be regarded as in
dispensable to success in strawberry
culture, as, by means Of heavy mulch
ing, sufficient water may be retained in
the soil for the necessities of the crop
in ordinary seasons, but an abundant
supply Of water simply makes success
more certain, and where intensive cul
ture is practiced an irrigation plant
ought to be part Of the equipment.
Strawberry plants require an abun-
dance Of moisture at all stages Of
growth, but this is most easily secured
during the first season by attending to
the proper details in preparation Of the
soil and in cultivation. Early and con-
tinuous cultivation saves the moisture
to greater extent than is commonly
supposed. It has been found that the
loss of moisture from unplowed ground
may be In excess of that from cultivated
soil to an amount equal 70 an inch and
three-fourths Of rainfall in one week.
A man with team and sprinkling cart
could not replace the water on an acre
of land as fast as it escapes by evapora-
tion from the soil when it goes off at
that rate if he had to haul the water
one-fourth of mile
The importance of stirring the soil
soon after shower is generally known,
but in practice cultivation after slight
showers is often neglected. This is be-
cause no crust forms after slight show
ers; hence the necessity Of stirring the
soil at once is not apparent. A slight
wetting of a dry soil, however, in
creases the upward flow Of water, hence
there is more water added to the surface
soil at such times than comes in the
form Of rain. The sun and wind soon
dissipate the slight rainfall and along
with it much of the water which came
from the lower layers of the soil, leav-
ing the soil drier than before.
As the two arc commonly used, cul.
tiyator is better machine for irrigating
than a sprinkling cart.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13

which the wool
fiber is impreg-
mated is COM
plesely burned
cut by the sun at
times, leaving
the exposed por-
tion Of the fiber
harsh and dry.
The appearance
of one Of these
SCOrCQ0Q uUSCS Is
that Of an off col
or. A fiber Of this
type is shown in
the d iagra 20.
The result of the
scorching is dem
onstrated by the
darkened portion
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
5Rg,,}gzZlyIl||a1@k< g :
z=aoDfRS'
COOLING MOTH EGGS.

tance to Fruit Growers
It is curious and striking fact tina:
sft is only within the past few years that
anything definite has been recorded
sbout the egg itself, in which SO com
mon and important an insect pest as
the codling moth begins its life. Recent
observations in this. connection have
brought out some facts which are OF
vital importance Ito the fruit, grower.
fortunately the Cornell station has been
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
Expensive Mirth.

"Cheery words cost nothing
"That's where you are way of. l
said two CHEEKY words yesterday, and
Trey cost me ST."
Chow did that happen;"
"Well. slapped big man on the
back and said, Hello, Fatty!' .
''That was all right
"No, it wasn't. He turned out to be
a man I didn't know, so we knocked
each other down and got into court. -
Boston Journal.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
.usilat,ng the Teeth.

It is curious to what an extent the
mutilation of teeth goes on among saw
age nations, and even among certain
civilized people, such as the japanese.
With them girl is never married with
out first staining her teeth black with a
repulsive kind of varnish, and the Gus
tom is especially adhered to among
members of the richer classes.
On the west coas: of Africa large
proportion of the teeth are deliberately
broken when children reach certain
age. Both in the new world and the old
the custom exists Of extracting the two
front teeth of domestic servants. In
Peru the custom has existed from time
immemorial and used t.. be a sign OF
slavery in the days of incas. This is al
so the custom on the Kongo and among
the Hottentots. Teeth are stained IN
various colors among the Malays.
A bright red and a bright blue are
not uncommon, aud bright green is
produced with the aid of arsenic and
lemon juice. Livingstone related that
among the Kafirs child with prom
inent upper jaw was looked upon as a
monster and Immediately killed. On
the upper Nile the negroes have all
their best teeth extracted in order to de-
stroy their value in the slave market
and to make it not worth while for the
slave traders to carry them off.-Pear-
sons Weekly.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
LOYAL DRAFT HORSE.
Big Shire Bred by Prince OF Wales Shows
Its PAGES.

Its PAGES.
Albert Edward, prince Of Wales, has
been successful in two undertakings
he is the leader of Great Britain's So
cial set and he is an up to date breeder
of live stock. He is only second tc bis
lamented father in the interest he takes
in the Improvement Of domestic animals
within the kingdom.
It is as a horse breeder and dealer,
however, that he is most conspicuous.
He has the Briton' S liking for huge and
heavy draft horses of the Shire breed,
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13

Good Sewing Machines from SO co up st
RanGles
II you want good, honest sewing machine
trade, see Rande
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13

20.
able 60 get some lifelike photographs OF
the eggs Of the codling moth, concern
ing which Professor Slingerland, in 8
bulletin giving the whole life story Of
this moth, makes the following state
ments:
The small whihsh spots ON the apples
at a and B D in the figure represent the
eggs, natural size, just as they were laid
an The fruit BY the moth. At e is shown
/ one Of the eggs much magnifed, and S E
Is picture of the eggshen greatly en-
larged. These pictures give good idea
OF the shape, size and general appear
anee Of the egg. They have been aptly
characterized as resembling minute
dropef milk adhering to the skin of the
fruit. y
In the light Of recent observations it
seems remarkable how the notion that
the eggs OF this iDsect.are laid on or in
the so called calyx or blossom end OF
the fruit has clung to literature for
nearly century and half. During the
past two years we have seen hundreds
I Of the eggs on apples in New York or
chards and have never yet seen one on
of down in between the calyx lobes on
the SO called blossom end. Wehaye seen
eggs near the calyx, in old curculio
scars. near the stem, and have found
what appeared to be codling moth egge
even on the leaves Of the tree. Most Of
the eggs we found we're glued >to the
skin, apparently without much choice
as to location on the smooth surface OF
the fruit, as shown at A and B y !"
From this and other evidence Profes-
sor Sliagerland reaches the conclusion
that in the northern half of the United
States at least most of the eggs Of the
codling moth are not laid until a week
or more after the pesals of the blossoms
have fallen from most varieties Of ap-
pies, or usually during the latter part
OF May and the first half Of June.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13

in 1869. She was then 3 years old.
bought her in February, 1869, for lny
cotton farm on Red river, and she was
shipped Gu the steamer Bartoble, Cap
tain William Harrison commanding
Sne was put to work in March. 1869,
and has never lost days work from
sickness or any other cause. She has
made me 80 crops ard has never eaten
any forage but that raised on CahlE
Point plantation. y
How many men aud women are as
faithful 20 duty as Old Beck has been!
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13
Not Built That Way.

The Publisher-We can publish your
book of epigrams if you will guarantee
US the cost of printing and binding.
The Poet-It's no go. I never could
enjoy witticisms at my own expense
Cincinnati ENQUIRER.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1898-07-13

Not All Ailness.
'Socisty women do lead such aimles'
ives
"Aimless? Do they? Well, l know "a
society woman who can throw teacup
or rolling pin just as accurately as q
nan. "-CIeYeland Plain Dealer