davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-02-06

The isolation Of South Carolina forced the In
habitants to depend upon themselves for their
defence and produced a sentiment of indie
pendenco with regard to other colonies. It also
impaired to the dovelopmont of the I'M
ty that centripetal movement which South Car
olina long retained both as a province and as
q State. The colonial evolution Of Virginia had
been exemplifed in rural communities. There
was no city or town life. In South Carolina, on
tho other hand, the incessant danger of attack
at the hands OF Spaniards and Indians restricted
the co!onists for many years to settle
ments within reach Of the fortincations
of Charles Town. and formed within and around
them a compact nucleus, surrounded by outly.
ing plantations from which. in case OF alarm,
tho colonists withdrew to the town. When this
danger was overcome by the increase of popula-
ton and by the founding of tho colony OF
Georgia. the unhealthfulness OF the country
along the rivers, and especially of the rico
swamps. compelled the planters 70 reside during
the summer In the town. or on some OF tho
high Pine lands OF the interior. Thus.
until the immigration of tho Scotch. Irish,
ana Virsinlans into the upper country
by the way Of the mountains from 1850
to 1850. the growth OF tho colony took
place, not as in New England, from many dis.
tinct settlements. but from one central point.
the circle charging ns the population increased.
Carolina, in short, presented tho anomaly of
being a planters colony, the organization and
administration OF which were concentrated in
a single city. For many years Charles Town
practically embodied all that there was OF Caro-.
lima. Untn 1716 elections were generally held
In tho town for the whole province, and tho
method OF representation by parishes was not
regularly followed until the overthrow of tho
proprietary Government in 1910. No court OF OK
tensive jurisdiction was held outside OF Charles
Town until l773, over n hundred years after the
establishment OF the colony. For the province.
the town. and the Church there was one and the
same government The same general assembly
passed laws for the province. laid out streets,
regulated tho town police and governed tho
Church.. Even after the upper country had been
peopled by tho Scotch-Irish and Virginians,
every magistrate In the province, was appointed
In Charles Town until tho Revolution OF 1875,
nay. after that, until In 1700t the seat OF govern.
ment was removed to Columbia, whore thence
FORWARD the same Capitalization prevailed.
From the inception OF the colony TO the over
throw OF the State In 1885 there was no such
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-02-06

Beyond a doubt the question Of the historical
continuity OF tho Hellenic race is of more than
merely academic interest. and enters. In no
slight degree. into the domain of practical poll
tics. II played an important part In tho history
of the first Greek revolt. and. even now. 1t has
no small influence upon public opinion. What,
then. is tho truth about tho matteri 1t is con.
tended. on the one hand, that the conquest and
reconquest OF Greece and the manifold migra.
lions thither OF the Northern nations during
the middle agos must have completely oblit-
Grated the pure Hellenic race, and that the So
called Hellenes Of to-day are, In fact, u mixed
breed OF Albanian, Slavonic. and Latin origin,
with but q slight ~tincture of Greek blood.
II 10 pointed out. on the other hand, that no
nation. II We except the Jews, has ever been SO
tenacious OF it's individuality. Although con.
quered again and again. Hellenism always re-
taliated by q bloodless victory over its con-
querors. Macedonians and Romans, in turn,
while placing Greece under their political yoke,
themselves submitted to the empire of Hellenic
culture; and though with the decay Of the an
Gent civilization this culture gradually faded
away. all tho evidence tends to prove. and es-
pecially the survival Of their language. that the
Greeks. more than any other nation of modern
Europe. have Suoeseded in AssimilAtinE the
Numerous foreign elements which must In the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-02-06
Are the States Equal Under the Constitution Z

It Is q valuable contribution to the c%onstitu-
tional and political history of the War for Seces.
sion and OF tho problems which 1t bequeathed
that Is made In the volume entitled Essays on
the Civil War and Reconstruction on. by WILLIAM
ARCHIBALD DUHNING, Professor Of History in
Columbia University (Macmillansl The seven
papers here collected deal respectively with tho
Constitution of tho United States in civil war;
with tho changes made in that instrument dur
ing the course Of reconstruction; with military
government to which recourse was made
during the reconstruction period; with the
process of reconstruction as determined by
tho dominant party In the Federal Legis-
lnture; with the impeachment and trial
of President johnson, which represented
the collision of irreconcilablo views touch
ing the reconstruction process; with the
interesting question whether the States have
been, or are now, equal under the Constitution;
and finally, with American political philosophy,
II such q thing may be deemed to exist. There
is not one Of these essays which does not deserve
careful perusal. but. instead of citing illustra-
tive passages from them all. we shall exemplify
the authors method of research. point of view,
and judicial capacity by directing attention 10 a
paper in which he arrives at q conclusion which
may seem ut first glance paradoxical, namely,
that the several constituent States Of the
American Union arc not now, IL they
ever have been. equal under the Constitu-
ton. We should bear in mind that it is
Prof. Cummings purpose to determine not
whether the States ought to be equal in power.
but whether, as a matter of fact, they are equal
under the authoritative construction Of the Con.
%stitution and the laws. To this end ne exam
ines historically the process Of admitting States
to the Union. and then discusses tho bearing of
tho process upon the relations of the States to
the General Government.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-02-06

There Is no doubt that the thirteen States
which adopted the Constitution framed in 1897
were intended to possess, and do possess, abso-
lutely equal powers. Is this true as regards the
States which have been since admitted to tho
Unionl 1t is certain that Congress has the
power. under the Constitution. to admit new
States on an equal footing with the origi-
nal thirteen but has not Congress also the
right to impose such restrictions on new States
as will give them a status Of inequalityf Prof.
Dunning recalls that this latter question was
earnestly debated In the Philadelphia Conven.
ton. especially during the struggle over the ad-
justment of representation. Not q few poll
ticians OF the northern and eastern States were
alarmed at the prospect of the overwhelming
weight which would belong to- tho South and
West when new States should be admitted. Cow
erneur Morris was the most outspoken in hos
tility to the proposal that new States should
enter the Union on q footing Of absolute equal
ity. He failed in an effort to discriminate
against them In the matter of representation,
but he was moro successful when the clause
prescribing the method of admission came
up for discussion. At first, 1t was pro.
posed that only those new States arising within
the boundaries of any of the old States should
be admitted on the same terms with the original
thirteen. All others were, by implication, sub
ject to the discretion of the Legislature. Nor.
ris. however. objected to limiting this discretion
in any way, and, on his motion, tho distinction
was stricken out, and the clause was remodellcd
and adopted in its present form: News States may
be admitted by the Congress into this Union"
So far. then. as the intention of this clause Is
concerned, an intention discoverable from a
survey of the circumstance under which It was
inserted. there seems to DO no ground for aver
ring that the Constitution forbids inequality.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-02-06
South Carolina Under the Proprietary Govern
meat.

It 10 a thorough and useful piece of work
which Mr.. Edward McCrady has done for us in
Tho History of South Carolina Under the Pro-
~prletary Government" (Macmillans). In O vol.
ume Of over 700 pages we have the outcome of q
careful study of that period in tho growth of
South Carolina, which began with the founda.
tioE of o settlement on the Ashley River in 1870
and ended in 1719 with the resumption by the
Crown of the powers granted to the proprietors.
In many striking ways the colonists of Carolina
were differentiated from those Of the other
English plantations in America. There were
physical causes which tended to evolve a
community materially different from any
of the types exhibited in the other colonies.
Carolina was an OUTPOST, and isolated. For
a long time. and, indeed, until 1888. when
Georgia was founded. 1t was an outlying
bulwark, established to protect the other
English colonies from the Spaniards at st.
Augustine. The Spaniards were active and
malignant enemies of the Carolinians. who were
at such a distance from the other British colo
MES as to be beyond the roach of their support.
Even as the crow flies. the colonists at Charles
Town were more than 800 miles south Of the
James River, and they were practically much
further. because there were no roads or means
of transportation. Neither was it easy to
reach Virginia by sea. Cape Hatteras. jutting
into the ocean, rendered communication be-
tween the first settlers in Carolina and the
other colonists in their small vessels even more
difficult and dangerous than communication
with England. AS late as 1776 the South
Carolina Gazette complained that, though not
long before an express had come in sixteen
days from Philadelphia, the postal service from
the North generally took about double that time.
On tho other hand, ships often made the voyage
from England in less than a month. Thus sep
arated from the other colonies by distance, and
still more by tho character of the intervening
country, South Carolina had less intercourse
with them than with the British West Indies
and with England. Even in the eyes of the
British Government, South Carolina came to
be regarded as moro nearly allied to the
island communities than to those on tho
mainland. 1t is significant that when Edward
Randolph. the collector of the Kings customs.
proposed in "a q Encouragement and consolida-
tion OF the colonial methods of administration
he that North Carolina should DO
annexed to Virginia, and that South Carolina
and the Bahama Islands should be put under
one government. beneath tho immediate au.
thority Of the Crown.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-02-06
m,

In ono of tho chapters Of this book, the
niographer quotes at some length from a paper
In which Mr.. Story set forth his views touching
The Origin Of the Italian language" views.
ASWsVer. net original with him, a. the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-02-06

Rod OF Ave years after the sale. The convention
accepted tho proposals, and the required ordi-
nance was duly enacted.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1898-02-10

New York, Feb. 7.-Official state.
ments which will soon be published are
to the effect that the reason that Gen
curing General Rabi's surrender was
that General Rabi had been arrested
by General Garcia and stripped of his
rank because it was feared he would
surrender, says the Havana cores.
pendent of the Herald. General Rabi's
brother, it is reported, had been ar
rested by order OF General Garcia for
the same reason.
Failing in securing the presentation,
Spaniard here expected General Blanco
to take the field and conduct vigorous
and aggressive campaign. He publicly
announced that such was his intention,
but ior some reason his plans miscarried
and now he is coming home without
having struck decisive blow.
Reports say the rebel forces under
General Garcia inflicted a severe blow
on the Spanish under General Linares
and General Luque, killing several
officers. Reports say that So We're
killed or wounded.
Volunteers are making threats again,
and the authorities, in order to be fully
prepared, have deemed it necessary to
take precautions against a demonstra-
ton. Guards have been, placed about
public buildings and the American con-
sulate.
One of the most important engage
ments OF the present campaign in the
Orient was fought on January 21 near
Caiman, between the forces under Cen
eral Luque and the rebels under Gen
eral Garcia. The Spanish, it is report
ed, had 100 killed and large number
wounded. From accounts received the
fight was veritable slaughter, the
Spaniards being boxed up in a ravine.
General Luque sent to Cauto. where
the main body of troops was stationed,
for assistance, and commenced to re-
treat toward Holgun. He reached
Holguin on January ~, and on the
same evening General Linares, who
had been sent to his assistance, was
chased into that town by another rebel
force. The rebels employed light field
guns with great effect.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1898-02-10

New York, Feb. S.-The Portuguese
steamer Oevenum, which arrived today
from Oporto, brought ten OF the crew
of the American bark Serene, which
was wrecked December 81 at Leixoes,
near Oporto, during heavy northeast
gale, as heretofore reported The bark
dragged her anchors and went ashore
on the rocks. The crew landed with
difficulty, saving only the clothes they
wore. Captain DAZZLING remained with
the vessel to look after the owners in
terests. The Serene sailed from Phila-
delphia November l for Oporto with a
cargo of case oil. She was built in
Baltimore in 1867, and was owned by
parties in New York, whence she
hailed. She registered 522 tons.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1898-02-10
TROOPS START NORTH.
The Relief Expedition Sails on the
Steamer Elder.

Portland, Feb. S.-With 37l pas
sengers, including the first detachment
of troops for the Alaska relief expedi-
ton, So horses, 80 dogs and ! $50 tons
of freight, the steamer Elder left
Alaska wharf for the far north at 10:30
o'clock last night. Though the wharf
was we'll filled with sightseers, it was
not crowded to suffocation, for many
of the Elders passengers were from
outside OF Portland, and had no friends
here to see them off.
Some 200 tons OF the Elders freight
was for the government relief expedi-
ton, 400 tons was miners outfits, and
$50 tons general freight. All the
freight save Il few outfits was aboard
while the passengers were embarking.
Everything went off smoothly, and
when the gang plank was pulled in. and
the big steamer swung out into the
river, she WAS given rs rousing cheer
as that which followed her on her first
trip northward.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1898-02-10
,Jananese Going to Il lOndi

San Francisco, Feb. S.-The Call
says: Japan is going to invade the
Klondke. A standing army of 5000
able bodied laborers are preparing to
go to the gold fields, and in Il month
or so they will make descent upon
Dawson City. One Of the Nippon Yu-
sen kaisha steamers will bring them
here, but as they will not land on the
soil of the United States, there will be
no one to stop them, unless Great
Britain takes hand in the M. tier.
One of the japanese steamers that has
been carrying laborers, will be used to
carry the men to their destination. 1t
is added that the Japanese will be
brought over by syndicate, and
trouble on the Klondike is predicted.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1898-02-10
The White Squadron.

Jacksonville, Fla, Feb. S.-A spe-
cial to the Citizen from Key West
says: Ships connected with the white
squadron have displayed remarkable
activity during the last few hours. The
cruiser Marblehead put out from port
today and joined the fleet. The Nash
vile, which left here Thursday, fully
supplied with coal and ammunition,
has returned to the harbor. The tor
pedo boats have returned and the Cush-
ing and Tryon are in port. The Du-
pont will arrive tomorrow. The sup
ply boats during the past week have
transported large quantities of provi-
sions to the fleet.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1898-02-10
NO ESTIMATES MADE,
Congress Has Not Provided for Continu-
ing Deep Waterways Work.


New York, Feb. 9.-The secretary
of war invites the attention of con-
gress to the desirablity of continuing
the work now in progress under the
board OF engineers for deep waterways
during the fiscal year ending June 30,
1899, as no estimate for this work was
included in the estimates submitted
heretofore, says the Tribune's Wash
ington correspondent.
In brief, the duties imposed on the
board by congress are to examine and
investigate certain projects for deep
waterways from the head of Lake Su.
perior to tidewater, the Hudson river,
and to prepare plans and estimates of
the cost. The commission in 1897
estimated the cost at not less than
$4,000
After careful consideration the board
is of the opinion that $225,000 can be
protitably expended on the work dur
ing the year ending June 30. 1899. 1t
therefore recommends that this sum
be appropriated, and says that ii IA
smaller sum is granted the cost OF adj
mlnistratlon and supervision Tor the
whole work will be increased. The
board says that it will be glad to sub
NIT full information regarding its work
and plans and sumbit estimates, verbal
or in writing, to the department or to
congress if desired. The resolution
signed by Major Raymond, of the corps
of engineers, who is president OF the
board, is submitted for transmi sson
by Acting Secretary Meikeljohn. The
amount recommended for the year end
ing June 30, 1899, is $3.50, 900.
Such surveys, examinations and in
vestigations are to be made by the board
of three engineers designated and APP
pointed by the president for this pur-
pose in 1897, in compliance with act of
June t. 1897
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1898-02-10
WRECK ON THE NORTHERN.
East Bound Train Ran Into IL Washout
Near FaSco.

Tacoma, WASH, Feb. S.-A special
to the Ledger from Pasco. Wash, says:
The overland passenger train that left
Tacoma ut 3 O'Clock yesterday afternoon
was wrecked at o'clock this morning
at small bridge 30 miles east of
Pasco, between llatton and Connell.
Two men who were riding on the
platform of the baggage car were killed,
and another, who was on the platform
of the mail car. next to the tender,
had his leg and one hand crushed. The
mail clerk was cut slightly about the
head. The men who were killed were
John Leland and an unknown tramp.
Leland was from ST. Louis. They both
had some money, but We're beating
their way east.
The man who was injured was one
OF the Klondikers who was wrecked on
the Corona. He was returning home
with "A companion, and both were rid
ing on the platform of the mail car
They refused to give their names.
The train was in charge of conductor
Campbell and Engineer George Ladd.
1t was running slowly on account OF
bad track. The accident occurred on Il
small bridge over Il dry stream. which
had been swollen by the recent heavy
rains. The stream usually is not
more than 25 feet wide. The enigne
passed over the bridge, but the engineer
felt the structure give way beneath him
and promptly applied the emergency
brake. The bridge sank as the mail
car left it, and the baggage Car AMI an
empty emigrant car went down with 1t.
The engine left the track and turned
partly over. The engineer and fireman
stuck to their posts, and were unhurt.
The mail car was thrown on its side,
stripped OF its trucks, and badly
smashed. The car was set on fire by
the lamps, but the blaze was quickly
put out before much damage was done.
The express and baggage cars were
turned over on their sides, and
smashed. The escape of the messen-
gers and clerks was almost miraculous.
The passengers in the sleepers were
awakened by the shock, but were I'M
injured.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1898-02-10
REPEATS HIS CONFESSION.
Below Freely Admits That He Killed
His Brother and Sister.

Suisun, Cal, Feb. 9.-Frank Below
has repeated to the district attorney his
confession of the murder of his brother
and sister. He said that before he left
the ranch on the afternoon of the day
he put the poison in the kettle, he
emptied the powder ont of its package
and folded it in a newspaper, throwing
the bottle away. He thinks he burned
this paper He also said:
"When l held Susie's hand while
she was dying | did not give her water
or broth to drink or anything else. All
that | gave her was some ice. 1t is not
true that my brother Tom knew any
thing of the poisoning. He is entirely
innocent. l am sorry for Tom and
Arthur. but | don't see why they want
to worry. ~
Arthur Belew cried bitterly when he
met his brother in his cell, but the
prisoner seemed stolid.
Tell me with your own lips,
Frank" said Arthur, that you have
made this confession. can hardly be-
lieve it,"
That's what l did," was the
answer. at is true. l killed Susie
and Louis, but l don't really know
why did it,"
The murderer has expressed a desire
to plead guilty. but rather hesitated
about this after visit from his attor-
ney, Reese Clark. The attorney asked
permission to bring physician to the
Jail, and there is little doubt that this
means that insanity has been chosen
as the line OF defense that will be
adopted. The case will be brought be-
fore the grand jury on Tuesday.
Under Sheriff Robinson says Watch
man Wells thought Belew tried to COM
NIT suicide last night by putting a
handkerchief down this throat. Wells
thinks the attempt was made, but
Belew vigorously denied it.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1898-02-10
WEEKLY MARKET LETTER..
Trade Conditions in the Leading Cities
of the World.

Trade Conditions in the Leading Cities
of the World.
A Liverpool cable says that stocks of
contract wheat there are small, apart
from spring, held presumably for Chi
cago account.
1t was supposed that the Letter party
had disposed of all the spring wheat
delivered to them in September, but
this would Indicate that they still have
some of it on hand. Dornbusch, under
date of January 2l, admits that early
estimates of United Kingdom require
ments were too large, and that for the
last 20 weeks the consumption has
fallen short nearly 10000 quarters, or
$50, 900 bushels per week below the
average of the two preceding years. In
other words, their theoretical require
ments for the preceding 20 weeks were
overestimated over II 900, 900 bushels.
1t is admitted that the working classes
are living more largely on meat and
vegetables than heretofore, but it is
also true that cheaper substitutes have
crowded out wheat flour. What is true
of Great Britain is doubtless true Of the
continent. The European visible is
estimated to have decreased in January
1878, 900. Broomhall cables that fairly
large Indian shipments are anticipated,
and the quantity on ocean passage will
still further increase. Argentine adj
vices are to the effect that the crop is
turning out large one. The temper
of our market is bearish, also. and the
trade is, if anything, too willing to aid
Il decline. The weak domestic feature
is the continued large receipts at pri.
mary points and the probability Of their
growing temporarily larger instead OF
smaller, and giving us an increasing
visible supply when it should be dimin-
ishing. The reason for this undoubt-
edly lies in the fact that farmers in
the Northwest are SO willing to take
advantage of present high prices that
they are letting 90 their seed wheat,
anticipating no trouble in getting what
they require later at lower prices.
The present receipts at Minneapolis
are just about equal to their full grind
ing capacity and there is little POSSIBLE
ity at present of much drain upon their
reserve elevator stocks, particularly in
view of the fact that their output last
week was nearly 100000 barrels in ex-
cess OF the same week last year.