davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21
An Important Decision.

The following is the court record
in the case against J. p. Reeler,
which explains itself:
In The District Court of The Unit
ed States Within and for The
District Of Idaho.-United States
of American VS.. Joseph p. Beeler.
This cause came on for trial
this the 18th day OF May, 1898, the
jury was called and empaneled and
sworn to try the issue between the
United States and defendant, the
defendant appearing in person and
by his counsel, Willis Sweet, Esq,
aid S. G. Heron, Esq, the Govern
ment appearing by r.. V. Cozier,
U. 5. District attorney; after the
examination of the witnesses the
Government rested it's case, and
the defense after the introduction
of its testimony closed its case,
whereupon the defendant by his
counsel rendered into court the
sum of $3.50 per acre for the limb
er cut upon Section 2, Township IS,
n. r. l., w. B. NJ. as alleged in
the complaint, and thereupon NOV
ed that the defendant be discharg-
ed from further liability ia this
action, and that the action be dis
missed, and after the argument of
counsel, the court being fully adj
vised in the premises, it is ordered
and adjudged that the defendant
be allowed to pay into court the
sum Of $3.50 per acre as the penal
ty fixed by law for the cutting OF
timber from so acres of land de
scribed in the indictment in sale
action as the evidence shows the
timbe to have been cut from The
said described premises, and upor
such payment that the defendant
be discharged from further liability
and the defendant having paid in
to court the said sum of $3.50 pei
acre, the jury was discharged anC
defendant released from custody
and further prosecution in thi
action.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21
1897 Delinquent Special Tax List of
the Village of Eaton.

Interest will be collected on the
original tax listed below and 3 per
cent penalty, at the rate of II per
cent, per annum, from first Mon
day in January, 1898, until paid,
and on 6 per cent penalty from first
Monday in March until paid:
Boss, Charles H., lots 1925, blk
4; tax l0c.; penalty, DC.
Dolan, Mrs. James E., lot 10, blk
4; tax, sec; penalty, Sic.
Flowers, w d., lots 7 to IA inc,
blk Is; lots 5 to u inc, blk %;
tax SOC; penalty, 33c
Green, Will. undivided half in
terest in lots 11-12-13 IA, bike; tax,
he; penalty, BIC.
Hope, Emma, lots %; blk 10;
tax, 32c; penalty, 2Sc.
OHogge, Geo, lot 5, blk II; tax,
$500; penalty, 53c.
O'Hogge, John, lot IS, blk 4;
tax, lSc; penalty, DC.
Raymond, Dennis, lot 10, blk
Is; tax, BIC; penalty, DC.
Smith, S, W., lots 10-11-20, blk
1; lois $40, blk Is; tax, $3.50;
penalty, SOC.
Unknown owner, lot II, blk 5;
tax, &c; penalty, 26c.
Unknown owner, all of blk g.;
tax, &c; penalty, 26c.
Unknown owner, lots 21-22, blk
10; tax, 12c; penalty, DC.
Unknown owner, lot l blk. 49,;
tax, &c.; penalty 26c.
Williams, Frank, lots Hip 16-
II, blk. 4; tax, Soc; penalty SOC.
Notice is hereby given that un-
less the taxes listed above, with the
costs, penalties and interest due
thereon are paid, the real estate
upon which such taxes are a lein,
will be offered for sale to the high
est bidder, on the 9Th day of July,
1898. Said sale will be held in
front of the County Court House in
Rathrum, Kootenai County, Idaho.
JOHN G. CALLAHAN,
x-officio Tax Collector, for Koot-
enai County, Idaho.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21
.EPITOME OF THE WEEK
Real Estate Changing Hands
in Bonner's Ferry.
LOCAL NEWS ITEMS
An Important Decision in an alleg-
ed Timber Depreciation Case.
Kootenai River Falling.

The Kaiser House property at
this place changed hands last
Wednesday, Mr.. James Casey who
has been conducting the house
under lease, having purchased the
property from its owner, Mr.. Fred
Kaiser. By this Purchase, Mr..
Casey becomes the owner of both
the hotels in Bonner's Ferry. Mr..
Casey had made quite a success of
the hotel business, Having pur-
chased the Kaiser House, he will
now proceed to make some decided
improvements in its appearance,
and will be able to make of it a
more attractive place than while
conducting it under lease. Bon
ner's Ferry is good hotel town
and Mr. Casey has now secured the
big end of the business the HER
AID wishes him every success.
Mr.. A. H. Albrecht, the we'll
known photographer, writes the
HERALD that be will be in Bonner's
Ferry from the 9th to the 31st of
this month-positively not day
Logger, as he is billed for other
places after that, date. Mr.. Al
brecht is a fine artist. Remember
the dates.
Mr.. w. L. Kinnear and family
and the HERALD editor and wife
and Miss May Little and Miss
Nellie Otley enjoyed very pleas
ant outing on Browns Greek last
Sunday. The old Kootenai road is
in fine condition and the drive is
delightful,
Mr.. D. L. Hope recently pur-
chased the Grothe cottage and the
Bothel building in Eaton. The
former he is moving onto his lots
near Mr.. A. J. Kept's place and
the Bothel building will also be
moved, and will be converted into
a barn.
Rev. Eastland, of the NJ. E.
church, will hold services at the
K. of P. Hall next Friday and
Saturday evening. A special in
vitation is extended to all.
Mr., Fred Kaiser, of Fl. Steele
was transacting business in the
city this week He expects t
start his new brewery in a few
days.
The ladies of the catholic
church gave ball last evening t.
raise funds for the church. A yer,
respectable sum was Melted.
Mrs. Annie is down from Fl
Steele, visiting her daughters, Mrs
S S. Combs, Mrs. w. f. Brant, ant
Miss Ebba Logan.
Prof Snyder leaves for Kasl
tomorrow for an outing, and will
take in the Queens Birthday cele
bration on the oath.
MIR. 7. J. Dryden came u
from Priest River and spent a fev
days in town this week. He re
ports the butchering business gooc
! ca ST q Ia.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21

Mr.. Frank r. Little has added
a nice Office desk and chair to the
officein his place of business.
Mr.. Charles Dufiin, of Sylvan
lite, is visiting old time friends in
town.
Rev. Father Purcell arrived in
Bonner's Ferry today. He will
ed conduct services tomorrow.
Anything, and the best the
market affords, at the st. Elmo. 4
The school at this place clos
yesterday for the year.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21

Editor Yost of the Rathdrum
Blade seems to have sufficiently re-
covered from the punching given
him by Prof. Brady to go into war
matters again, although we notice
that he has elevated his guns at a
longer range than would reach
Editor Scott of the Occur d. Alene
Press, who seems TO have a faculty
of making the Rathdrum editor
"sick" on short notice. Taylorism
may not be able to exert any in
huence in Bonner's Ferry, as the
Blade Claims, but one thing is
certain, the HERALD is patronized
by a highly respectable mum Der of
the citizens and business men of
its own town, which Is more than
can be said of the Blade,
whose starved advertising col
umns speak for themselves
Wonder if it ever occurred to Yost
how funny it really was for any
one so thoroughly dispised at home
and elsewhere, as he, to talk Of any
ones lack Of influence"
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21

Wilson Johnson, formerly Of this
place, but later of Sylvanite, died
in this city Wednesday morning
and was buried on Thursday, Rev.
Eastland, Of Troy, and Rev. VIM.
Parker conducting the services.
The father and two brothers were
present at the funeral The de-
ceased was a young man in the
prime of life. He was one of the
original locators of the famous
Keystone mine in the Yahk district.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21

The Idaho volunteer left Boise
for San Francisco on Thursday.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21

The cold weather during the
past few days has caused the river
to fall.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21

st. Elmo Restaurant is serv-
ing meals at all hours.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21

Mr.. J. P. Beeler returned from
Moscow yesterday.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21

50 q n q R Ia.
Bears the n The Kind You Have Always Bought
Signature a EzH1ZzZz5(
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21

MIR. 7. J. Dryden came up
from Priest River and spent a few
days in town this week. He re-
ports the butchering business good.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1898-05-21

DR.. Miles Remedies"
DR.. Miles Remedies
are sold by all drug
gists under a positive
guarantee, first bottle
benefits or money re-
funded. Book on dis
eases of the heart and
nerves free. Address,
DIR. MILES MEDICA
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1898-07-07
Officials Worried About
Talking Santiago
Fleet and Army i'm Peculiar Situa-'
tiOn--Some of Cervera's Ships
Will BE Saved
BY THE ASSOCIATED PRESS SPECIAL WIRE.

BY THE ASSOCIATED PRESS SPECIAL
WASHINGTON July 6By comparison with what has gone before
today was very quiet at the and departments There
bulletins posted the former department.
recent date than yesterday and indicating impending
battle the general tendency
forward in absolutely contemplation Deep
is felt here the depans suerng troops lying
trenches and field hospitals surrounding Santiago there
everywhere disposition that hereafter shall be made
slowly and that the equipment Of soldiers, their commary and
supplies their ammunition and their hospital stores SHAH
complete before they advance further This likely
be the rule the time and of the criticism
element hiatt has been vehemen insisting pushing the
paign without regard to cost in blood and money
DANGEROUS SITUATION.
Confidence the
army and and that the conference between them viii
result joint for the prosecution Of the
paign III e that should well founded tho
president prepared himself orders from first hand There
much Of in the that Sampson obliged enter
Santiago habor before the captured will eopardixe the
safety Of the whole Of the onoad feet under his command since BY
the sinking Of Of these ships the channel through Spar
h mine SHE'LL the fleet would left helpless dsu
ton under the the FORTS which they
the elevation the latter
justified avoiding the sacrifice
be involved again trying soldiers the Spanish defenses
they have been reinforced numbers and strengthened by artillery
NOTHING FROM SAMPSON
Sampson did report today navy department
department
the readiness Of the spaniards exchange
believed that this accomplished time during though
notice Of it has not yet been received.
The fact that several of the wers
the thick of the engagement July promised delay somewhat the
departure of the eastern squadron for Spain The
great expended large quantity
their highest grade Of ammunition in the
wahps the Spaniard will be necessary repenh
before the long begun However, Secretary
rush orders for the preparation his squadron
y will be off in the course of few days
THE CADIz FLEET.
The movements of the Cadiz fleet puzzng
here Weakened as by the sending back of the Destroy
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1898-07-07
Resolutions Carried by a
TW0-tO=Ome Vote
lit Now Only Remains For the Pres
ident to Sign Them--Schley
Resolution Debated

BY THE ASSOCIATED PRESS SPECIAL WIRE
WASHINGTON July Of Hawaii is
pd legislative branch of the concerned
Quite unexpectedly the resolutions providing the annexation
the islands brought the senate late this afternoon
they passed by the decisive vote of AZ to a.
Neither Mr. White Mr. Pettgrew spoke at great length but Mr.
Allen thought when began his speech might the entire day
However he concluded eliminate part Of the
matter he had prepared and completed his speech
THE VOTE A SURPRISE
California offered with expectancy that would adopted
but merely the ideas and opinions the annexation
record rejected by vote of 40 to TO- indicating that the
annexationists strongly in the majority
Amendment after amendment offered but the advocates the
resolution stood sdy together gaining rather than losing strength
the successive votes.
TREMENDOUS APPLAUSE
Finally m themselves precisely
form in which they received from the house representatives
reported the roll began
which resolutions passed.
Of applause swept through the galleries. which the vice president made
effort to check.
Mr. Morrill, of Vermont the Republican against
the resolutions although Mr. Thun Sponer
Wisconsin paired against them Six
Maryland McLaurn Of South Carolina Money Mississippi Morgan
Of Alabama Pettus Alabama Sullivan
favor of annexation In the face Of the resolutions
the annexation might having
two thirds majority but the twelve pairs would
ranged basis Of two votes for if the
consideration the the full treaty basis
odays would have been SO number of votes
in favor Of the treaty to have ratified it.
THANKING SCHLEY
sharp discussion caused proceedings today by the
introduction Of resolution rendering the congress to Com
mdore Sy destroying resolution was
to the naval affairs committee.
The senate concurred the to the general de-
dciency BILL thus passing the last the appropriation
A FEW AMENDMENTS.
At the Aliens speech Mr. White offered an
amendment striking from the prea Of Hawaiian resolutions
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1898-07-07
Till APPALLING DISASTER

L
o
f o pr efend
for wa
the rdeem of a Of
the vesb liners
nhourah hmeofN disaster
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-03-06

CHAPTER All.
nts HelIn~s. Pope Leo Nut-ui>
Daily Life.
4he &uggsx head ~ sAe Roman C4glse1se
Nsssa las 4nde8oseslis exercised = na1st
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-03-06

THE attention Of the whole world.
Christian, agnostic. believer and
fradei. was concentrated on the
4 celebration ia Rome last week
Of tfse jubilee OF Pope Leo XIII.
a frail. bent, little shadow OF a
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-03-06
UNIVERSAL GREETING TO POPE LEO THE xiii.

o'clock. or even later. and sometimes as
saSe as . cIGck- re r&kEs his midday
meal. which. according 20 the ola-fine 8tat-
ian hygiene. should give the staple OF
substance 70 the body. II consists of a
Ngtls soup, wnich IS French rather than
Italian, being clear. and not filed wi.a
vegetables and paste. Of a little boiled
meat, the inevitable boliitO which opens
every italian dinner: of some roast-pref-
erablv roast iam5-with vegetables and.
infreoGeatly. Of a pudding Of spinach Ia
1'sris1enne, or Of some pudding. and OF
fruit This light rejection may 9e mas
ured by It's accompaniment Of wine. espe-
ciaily prepared and sent from q convent OF
Bordeaux. He drinks wineg'assfUl He
has been advised. especially some years
ago. to try richer wines but he has ex-
pressed dissatisfaction after. a trial H,s
solitary glsSs sufiices 10 secure him bis
daily siesia. which he takes reposing on
couch with his face turned toward the
window Of the room.
When the weather Is fine. the pope. after
short period OF work. which follows On
his siesta, IS carried in a sedan. 50 as 10
avoid changes Of atmosphere. 70 tire IN
trance OF the gardens. Here he enters his
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-03-06
IS POPE LEO LOOKS TO-DAY.

received by hls outdoor life Ia his native
place.
Once tall. he Is now shortened by the
painfully pronounced bend OF tire entire
upper portion of his body. The former IS
the effect of aga, TIE latter must BE- greatly
the result Ct long years or asSiduous study
and OF sedeutary life. lie may be said 20
have passed the last years OF his child
hood NJ college since he was only yeas
OF age when he WAS sent 20 the Jesuit -
iege az Niterbo He passed his youth with
IN seminary walls. As young man he Was
governor of a province aud ttul.r arca-
bishop. Long before his prime ne bad
bteu uangio - BeIginal--waen he went .
England. and MAS presented 10 hey majes-
;y--and had been called 10 the See 81 Per
ueia which ne only isfs daring ;he last
months of the reigu IL his predecessor.
Ills life then. has been an indoor ilc-the
lie OF a student.
This fact supplies the explanation both e
his mental HABITS ana of his material
health today. He has always on hand the
preparation Of some p0nsiAcal documen: Il
importance. Each OF shese documents lna-
plies vast iabor. ga that has mental ha0-
50 are lahorsous aud cXhanstinE. BIT
hncttv questions 4rc - ftT greater tge-
auencv than the solution of loults or t1e
expostso OF great issues ~ public dosl-
sments All the ramiilcations of tAe r8ral
administration era naturally 10 hin, aad
IL Is his daily daiy to Fa1ty. after con-
seientious examination. the .ludinSs ef
sach aranca oG The ccciesiaStisai goN crl1-
memt
There Is a f8ney. Il not tradition anlops
Catholics sast "a popo. however 99ed or ia
Nallaea. CAnn0t lose use grse eG hiS fE o.
tal powers. The preservation ~ fseo NH
I'm life beal.hfglaess ana act5V{.y. BIAS TIE
general ncrlt az teaching son1e hatnely 2cs-
sons fn hyEicne. leo Nil. is IA enthusiast
so- fga1aisiy. atter taa YaaaeT Of Cor1eTos
le has n0s only given d. example 6 per-
sanA practice. eat BE Aas published gea-
c-nt=. t'pVu h.s verses ca soaTsttg. Siaet
tr, perlssl Of tasir puh}sC2tlcs aEsd tliif
E1saSl1tlan hy Mr Andrew t-snE. tfefe
asve oesu luo4esta racaue. at seass ID tt@
United Ssafts
In StJA ~srscser Conformity = st1 t1eu3 -
a glance az Gha Hlerws shows. Is The pcae
UaRaAHxng 6ict--seif~p prescribed at E'e1a-
Esa AVA approved Hy tAe @rcafstf2 pom
uace ia Rome Indeed. Eec poias af+ne-
slso has rot varied la any Iercsptsols ae-
GETe for gAlctg Years. ard .,&s present F-fH-
ss,isn could have described IT, 81 shat DIS
taace o. t.nae as he does nsN. saying Il
ghink that / ta&e a,0re az one meal 51an
sae rose In q weck,"
Aztec ahoGt foa~ h0aTs' sleep au8 soae
additional ESsy. the Esone rises as e b.
SIDES hls coffee 2ad milk. taken wsta
snaFssl o. ores8- literally a ua2Esei-he SAL
te- da~n te the worS % the Gas. 3foge
fnau aaaf WAY throaEh tbe u0ralaS ~
tANs@ g v8R ~ broth, and OCCASIONALLY y.
ether uaaes. WAsa Be ieSis week.-mrs.. -
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-03-06

'.gay ard prira.' after the fashion OF En-
gIlsa gardens. bur abounding an the wild
naturalness OF haIf-rnsfic park. Indeed.
fl is for tire greater part a park. and not
garden, hat il has large tracts laid out
wtfa care. for z1e continuance Of which
the pope IS largely responsible. the care OF
his glriens forming MS chief diversion.
In every respect the gardens are his
prediction Around the Borgia tower. q
fertilization reared by Pope Alexander VI.
he has erected a casino that of Pope Plus
~ being too low lying and having become
unhealthy since the completion OF the dome
Of -. Peters and of the library wing Of
the vatican. He abandoned the casino O.
the Melici pope very reluctantly. even
when he had learned thar il must 5e oaa-
lari0us.
Nothing could be stranger than the con-
trasts in his own casino which must he
known in the future as that OF Leo Nil.
rs center. the tower, IL the coolest and
NEST thicki5' built OF structures. No sum
ratr house az the world can be Ike that or
the pore. which stands on an eminenee eN-
posed 10 the fiercest rays OF the sun, but
tho center Of which has walls 50 thick that
its atmosphere is Ike 10 that Of the hlue
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-03-06

| nrHE attention Of the whole world
Christian, agnostic. believer and
i 1l fnldel. was concentrated on the
Ma celebration Ia Rome last week
Of tfe jubilee OF Pope Leo Kill
a frail. bent. little shadow OF a
man. with q sweet face and the general
kap5coraucs OF belonging more TO another
ks03 than u this. he undoubtedly attracts
#eo2ny more attention than the mighty po-
ffeqtAtes around whose thrones iaynnefs
IsSs4le and swords flash in loyal devotion.
Leo XIII. was g years old on March 2.
. Jusk one day later Was the twentieth
Zsnntsessary OF his election TO the apostolic
chair. No wonder thai deaths mark IL
ct on the man who has lived so long and
- been chief dignitary of the Roman
Cxehoiic church for so many years. They
Aasos been years of devoted attention 10
TIE welfare of the vast religious body Of
uhtch he is the head and honored father.
~ pope gave to the world an en-
epe1teai al the jubilee which viii
- . the churches of the universe what
onsen yicteria'g official utteranees are TO
~ British empire. or what the infugura-
ida epeech Of a president OF the United
atAtes II TO the people OF this country.
La XII. coGnseied his people In living
U1e6s: he outlined the policy OF the
<1.sch In Its efforts TO bring the skeptI-
pGDted out the best paths for capital and
Mr. 70 take To insure harmony aud peace.
~ nhoxed how abuses can be corrected
aud IN word how christianity's influence.
ascending to the holy fathers experience.
ic1u be utilized for the betferment of hui
unniiy. Net TO the religious world alone
Il The message OF vital importance. The
world that Is not primarily religious viii
RID the encyclical with careful attention.
tatd {sxS1.
. ~ 70 king or queen. OF however mighty
m empire. For the empire OF Leo XIII. Ia
wpEN vide and embraces the people of all
aaijons and tongues.
be world gave 10 him treasures
&nL though tit for a kings ransom.
rAn bring but temporary light TO the
(111B eyes or the delicate head OF the
|. 1tbouc church. From the president OF
- United States. and from rulers great
~ small In every portion of the earth.
tame messages OF congratulation and
p<e1enss OF the costlest description: gold
al a1ver ornaments, diamonds, rare and
r&tly gems. and priceless presents. that
~ oven to the pope because no money
t9un buy them. and so they become fitting
A4u to the man who values them not for
;t1eE Intrinsic worth. but for the spirit
TIT prompts the presentation.
Ahs jubilee was the most magnificent
~ ~ history OF a church that is famous
- the splendor of its ceremonies.
Itconghout Christendom there were
NOR services In celebration OF the event.
~ tn the vatican at Rome the services
yAfe Of magnitude that ser the
um1d TO marveling. Saint Peters was
| ~ scene of services that rivaled even the
QeendM glitter of recent coronation cere-
fmndes and the light of the myriad of can
IN In the sacred eslifice shone upon a
eaection af nagnlficentiy appareled wor-
pNpers composed Of the prsudest nobility
q both church and state.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-03-06

carriage which il closed. and II driven
about After he has been driven a few
turns he alights and takes a walk. ESCORT
cd by the preiates ana ehanberlains In al
tendance.
lie has collection Of birds. az which ia
is VERY fona. especially OF his gaudS-caf-
ored parrots: and \ collection OF ANIMALS
-pelicans ostriehes and fawns These also
receive his frequent attention He has a
vineyard, which i so much the object of
Ills care that Ae may almost he called It's
eultiVator. Sueh with the supervision of
The direction ia every respect. are his
diversions ia The gardens where there are
many things Of beausy, though il IS not
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-03-06

sroito. The rooms of the new apartments
clustering IL Are furnished with the most
modern furniture, while the first floor OF
the tower itself is a magnificent circular
saloon.
holiness frequently repairs shithsr for the
greater part of the day. The change of
place makes little. If any. in the severity
Of his life In the first years after its erec-
tioa he used to make n ''vilesiatura"
there in August. besides spending the day
hours there at other times. Now he makes
his 'Tlliegiatura'' in the autumn. which is
the Roman season for ecclesiastical vaca-
tons