davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11
Theories Concerning the Voice.

One very interesting theory held by
some vocalists is that the natural
register of the speaking voice indicates
the individual character of the speaker.
as do the lines on the palms of the
hand. For instance, high soprano
voice expresses joy and merriment.
Complex natures, who carry on two
qualities of thought at once, speak in
harmonies, with several notes at o.
time, and have magnetic voices. The
minor voice betrays lack of confidence,
the major voice indicates intense vi
tality. The mental attitude shows'it it.
self in voice with sliding downward
scale, ss in most teachers voices.
Other instructors methods go SO far
as to say that oil who can talk may
sing, if willing faithfully to devote
their time and energy to the cause
The Chautauquan.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

teen to town. its other provisions are
permissive, leaving it to each locality
to take action in the matter, and max
ing it thoroughly local option. The
roads, when completed, are to become
county roads.
Another bill contemplates, as nearly
as possible, continuous road across
the State, following the leading routes
through the various counties, and ap-
propriating s5,0OO,OOo per year, be-
ginning in 1899, until the work is
done. Other bills propose to substi-
tute money tax for labor; for post
roa Is to be built in conjunction with
the general Government; for taxing
wheelmen to build side paths, anG for
the employment of convicts on the
highways. The advocates of good
roads will propably make a strong
showing, and expect to be able to
secure the passage of some satisfac-
tory measure.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11
CallfJrnia's Gold OutDut.

In connection with the recent oo-
servance of the semi-centennial ami
versary of the discovery of gold on the
Pacific Coast it is interesting to note
the magnitude of California's gold
output during the past fifty years.
To begin with the amount of gold
dug from the mines during the first
year succeeding the discovery aggre-
gated only $245, 301. But with tre-
mendous bound the value of the out
put for the year following mounted up
to $40, 151, 1850. In 1850 the output
aggregated S41, ,273, LOG; in 1851, $751;
93S, ,232, and in 1852, $S1, ,294, 700.
Since 1852 there has been a gradual
falling off in the annual output of the
yellow metal At the present time
the amount of gold mined annually in
California ranges in value from $15,-
600, 900 to S18, ,000,000
Since the first discovery Of gold on
the Pacific Coast in 1S4S it is esti-
mated that California has produced
not less than 81, 800. $685. 779 worth of
the yellow metal.
In view of what California owes to
the discovery of gold, the people of
that State have not been extravagant
in holding such brilliant festival as
the one which has recently occurred
on the Pacific slope.-Atlanta Consti-
tuition.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11
Tho Eject of Fog.

Accidents due to the observation of
objects by fog are so common that
scientists are making q study of alb
sorbent power of fog as regards lights
of all kinds. 1t appears that London
fog absorbs 20.S per cent. of the light
from an. incandescent burner, while
the ordinary gas loses but ILL per
cent. The incapdescent light contains
more blue, and this is readily alb
sorbed by the fog. Red lights are
much more penetrating than blue, and
as the gas light contains far more red
than the electric, it is much more val
liable as light for use in very heavy
fogs. 1t is fact familiar to every
one that when the sun shows through
mist it is of deep red color. This is
accounted for by the fact that the blue
rays are entirely absorbed, leaving
only the red with its much more pow
erfnl quality of penetration.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

The Road Commissioner of New
Jersey, Mr.. Budd, points out that ii
costs three cents bushel to haul
whea. on level road distance OF
five miles, and at least nine cents to
haul it the same distance on q sandy
road, which goes to illustrate the
practical economic Importance of good
roads. This is point which deserves
the serious attention OF farmers. Sandy
and rough roads are wearing out their
horses and vehicles and increasing the
actual cost of their farm supplies and
of the marketing OF their produce.
Though little recognized, this is fact
most patent to the careful observer,
and most pointedly and truly expressed
in Mr.. Buddsr report. When this fact
peuetrates the minds of farmers more
generally, they will begin to realize
that money and labor expended on
road improvement will save money for
them in reducing the actual cost of
hauling and in saving vehicles and
horses.
1t is high time to dispense with the
idea that good roads are luxuries,
mere fancy frills, aud to regard we'll
made highways as among the necessi-
ties.-Easton Penn. Free Press.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

In recent letter to the State High
way Commission of Connecticut Col
onel Albert A. Pope said:
1T is commendable policy TO build
in the very best manner possible, so
that the common ways may be of
advantage not only to us but to gen
eratons yet unborn. The mistake
of the past has been that this work
was done for day or a season, poor
Investment which resulted in the loss
of hundreds of millions of dollars.
"a few years since the price of hay
in Springfield, Illinois, was $50 ton,
and the market was supplied by rail-
road from outside the State, because,
though hay was plenty at $40 ton,
the farms within radius of q few miles
were completely embargoed by mud;
and yet not long ago the Richardson
Bill, the terms of which provided that
the cities in New York would pay
three-fourths of the cost of State road
construction, was defeated by the
farmer element.
"If saving of 22a cents per ton per
mile could be effected in hauling to
and from the depot the way-freight
carried annually on the New York
Central Railroad the saving to the
community represented would be 3d.
900, 900.
'"The Connecticut Highway Com
mission is entitled to unanimous sup
port in building only the best Macadam
and Telford roads. and I believe the
press of the State should take hold of
the question, and by free discussion
OF the subject convince the people that
good roads are the only ones worth
building. AS rule, those who com
plain most loudly about the first cost
OF roads are the very ones who, in
the end. reap the greatest benefit
therefrom.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11
Cradle Run by Mule Power.

A traveller going through sparsely-
settled section of Canada came to a
lonely cabin, and, finding the door
open, went in. Nobody was in sight,
but in the center of the room he saw
a cradle with baby lying in it fast
asleep. The cradle was rocked back
and forth with great regularity, aud he
was puzzled to know what kept it in
motion. On examination he found a
stout cord attached to nail driven in
the side of the cradle and passed
through an auger-hole in the side of
the house. He took up the trail,
which led him into ravine, where a
donkey was standing and switching
his tail. The mystery was explained.
The other end of the cord was attached
to the donkey's tail, and the constant
switching kept the cradle in motion. 1t
was an ingenious device on the part OF
the mother to keep her baby asleep
while she went off for time. Ontario
Banner.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11
How to Make Animal Freaks.

In 1858 the great Camille Dareste
was named director of the Laboratory
of Teratology to the Practical School
of Higher Studies. Teratogenesis was
now on a firm foundation; monsters
were produced in multitudes.
Dareste was able to obtain over
thirty thousand specimens-wonder
full creations too-Cyclopeans whose
single eye might have frightened the
companions of Ulysses, ancient swine
with both lower limbs united, animals
with two Heads and eight legs, twins
with trunks united, etc. - everything
from the domain of fable to argument
his scientific conquests.
One may obtain monsters in various
ways-by warming the egg unequally,
by vanishing or glazing certain pot.
tions of the shell, by shaking it dur
ing the period that separates the lay.
ing of the egg and putting it in to in
cubate. Only recently Feve made
monsters by submitting the eggs to
the action of electric currents or in
jecting toxines under the shells. The
most different types may be obtained
by using various processes.
This curious study has of late years
been undertaken in foreign countries,
among others by Gerlach and Wrigle.
Finally recently some Frenchmen have
undertaken it anew.
Now, by modifying their surround
ings Dareste produced monsters. II
this is true, can we not, when we know
all the factors of the problems, obtain
new races?-Dr. T. G. Minor in Gin
eiaaati Lancet Clinic.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

The butchers aad meat dealers of
Berlin complain that 81. GG4, 0O0 worth
OF meats were inn orted into Germany
in 1896, prineiI ally from the United
States, and al prices with which they
are unable to compete. They hare
fore petition the government to open
the frontiers to the free importation
OF animals and meats from European
countries, and to restrict by all prac
ticable means the import OF meats
from America, which is steadily in
creasing from year to year. Even in
the matter OF apples the Yankees hare
seized the market, and last year there
were landed a. the single port Of
Hamburg before November Is, 64,
53S barrels. In short, American COM
petition is now spoken of in Europe
as the transatlantic danger"
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11
is THE DAY GROWING LONGER ?
Scientific Reasons in support of the Tho
ory That 1t Is.

One of the most interesting sub
iects discussed by Professor George
Darwin during his recent visit to this
country WIS that Of the possible and
probable increase in the length of the
day.
When once the earth is in motion
about an axis, no matter how the mo-
ton came about, it would continue
forever, AMI at the same rate, thus
making the day always of the same
length, unless something is happening
or will happen to interfere with that
motion. Now, there are several
causes in operation which affect
the period of the earth's rotation,
some of which tend to make the pc
riod less and others to make it great
er. Fortunately the influence of each
of these causes is very small. They
are generally easy to understand, and
a simple experiment will illustrate
one of them.
Tie a stone to one end of string,
and, holding the other in the hand,
whirl it around as near as may be in
the circumference of circle. When
its speed is nearly uniform allow the
string to wind up on the finger. 1t
will be noticed that as the string
shortcns the angular velocity in
creases. In the same way, if the mat
ter forming the elrth should in any
way be drawn nearer the axis of rota-
ton, it would turn faster, and the day
would be shortened.
B. continual loss of heat a shrink
age of the earth is probably in prog.
ress, and although the process is ex-
ceedingly slow, it certainly tends to
diminish the period of rotation. On
the other hand, any addition of matter
from tie outside will tend to increase
that period and make the day longer.
Undoubtedly slight additions to the
mass of the earth are constantly made
by the arrest of meteoric bodies pass
ing through the atmosphere. Their
influence is opposed 10 and tends to
neutralize that of any earth shrinkaSe
that may be going on.
Tho most important interference
with the rotation of the earth that we
know of is that of the tidal wave,
which is due to the attraction of the
sun and moon, but more largely to
the latter. 1t is easy to see that this
is resistance against which the earth
turns, and its effect is to increase the
length of the day.
Astronomical observations extend
ing over about 1000 years have failed
to show any sensible change in the
day, but the influence of the tides
must become evident after the lapse
of a great many years. Professor
Darwin declares that the day may
lengthen until it is at last fifty five
times as long as it is at present. and
that would be also the period of the
revolution of the moon about the
earth.
A day of 1920 hours, such hours as
we now have, would offer many inter
esting advantages, but there would be
some things about it not, altogether
agreeable. AS it is not likely to come
for some millions of years, it is not q
matter for immediate anxiety
Youths Companion.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11
OUR NAVY AND SPANS.
NAVAL STRENGTH Or THE TWO
COUNTRIES COMPARED.

they Seem Evenly Matched on Paper,
But the United States Is Much the
Stronger-In Ships For Bombardment
and HRrbor Defense We Are Ahead.
The United States and Spain are
not unevenly matched in respect of
navy-on paper. An examination
of the details, however, says the New
York World, shows that in naval
matters as in all else Spain INDUCES
in dreams and delusions.
Let us discard all projected" war
ships, all made-ove- iron and wood
vessels, and compare the two navies
rs they would meet each the other.
The steel vessels of modern type are
alone worth considering, because other
vessels can be easily obtained on short
notice, and it Is therefore a matter of
minor Importance which nation has
the more of them at the present mo-
ment.
OF battleships Spain has only one.
The Pelayo, of 1900 tons, is an excel
lent war vessel so far AS protection is
concerned, but its armament is not
especially formidable as battle-ships
go. 1t has two 12.5-inch guns, two
11-inch, one 62-inch and twelve At
inch as a heavy battery. The Iowa of
our navy has a much more effective
battery in its four 12-inch guns, eight
S-inch and six 4-lnch. We have alto
sgether seven battle-ships, each carry
sing tremendous batteries of the most
approved and supposedly of the most
dangerous modern types.
Spain has no sea-going coast-de-
fense ships, while we have six, carry
ing thirty heavy guns and fifty-two
guns in secondary batteries. And
these ships are to all intents and pur-
poses battle-ships. Many naval ex
perts regard them as far more danger
Gus than the so-called battle ships.
In the class of non-sea- going coast
defenders Spain has two vessels only,
and they carry but nine large guns.
We have fourteen of these floating but
non-sea-going forts, and they carry
thirty large guns.
Spain has seven armored cruisers,
carrying 20S large guns. But they
are not so new Or so well equipped or
SO dangerous as they seem to be when
one reads about them. We have only
two ships-New York and Brooklyn
that fall in this class, and they carry
seventy-four large guns. But not
only are these two more formidable
than any of Spain's armored cruisers;
but also some of our protected cruis-
ers are more worthy of this class than
several of Spain's that are put in it.
Unprotected and partially protected
cruisers-the most attractive and SEN
sible kind of modern war vessels-we
have sixteen, all made of steel, and in
good condition, oil equipped with the
best possible armament and all en-
titled to. the name of ocean greyhound.
Spain has only five steel vessels of
this class and ten iron vessels.
We are therefore stronger and Spain
is weaker at the two most important
points-heavy warships for lombard
ments and harbor defense, and swift,
well-armed, easily managed cruisers
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

Two years ogo Kansas colony con-
sisting of a5oat a dozen persons sold
out all their property and set forth
with the proceeds to the Holy Land,
for the purpose Of rebuilding Je-usa-
lem in preparation for the second
coming of Christ. The fund all told
consisted of Gboat 5000 and it
must have required faith as a grain OF
mustard seed to believe that such a
sum would be sufficient to make the
towers Of imperial Salem again rise
crowned with light and restore the
spiendors of Solonon's Temple. The
experiment Las, of course, turned out
a failure, announces the New York
Tribune, aad the co!onists are to re-
turn to Kansas, leaving Jerusalem to
its natural processes of growth and
decay, as. they ought to have done
from the beginning. In starting life
over again in the homes they aban-
doned they are not likely to find the
experience acquired in their pious ex-
lie worth anything like the money it
cost them. '-~~,-
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

Tn, latest advices from Pekin
brought new stories illustrating the
arrogance Of the European govera-
ments in their treatment of China.
Until recently all business with for
eign nations was transacted at the
tsung-liyamea, and the members of
the diplomatic corps visited that place
almost daily whenever they had bust
ness with the government. But the
German minister compelled Weng
lung Ho, Chang Yen Yuen aad other
members of the yamen to come to his
legation for the purpose of discussing
the demands of the kaiser's govern
ment for indemn ty for the death OF
the Jesuit missionaries aad other
matters relating to the occupation of
kiao-Chou. This is the first time
such humiliation has ever been i'm
DCSel
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

Not infrequently the art student
falls IN arrears for the rent of even his
airy perch on the "sixieme," and
landlords have scant sympathy for
beings who can "soar to the en-
pyrean," but can't pay cash. One
young man, six months in arrears,
knew that his landlord was keeping a
watchful eye on his trunk, which stood
opposite the door, feeling sure that
while it was there the owner would
not depart. Our artist painted a por-
trait Of his trunk ON the wall opposite
the door, and in the night took him
self and ais belongings quietly away;
nor was he missed for several days.
Good work sometimes serves very
inartistio ends.-Catholic World.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

Narrow tires and heavy loads,
Soon will sOoil the best of roads


Soon will spoil the best OF roads.
A road properly built and cared foi
will shed water instead of absorbina
it.
There are three principles of road.
building: Drainage, drainage, drain.
age.
Neglected and abandoned farms are
one result of the costly transportation
caused by bad roads.
Wagon manufacturers are turning
out farm wagons, some of them with
metal wheels, having tires four inches
wide.
Brooklyn claims to have done more
during 1897 in the way of street i'm
provement than any city OF its area in
the country.
Mayor Boynton. of Port Huron,
Mich, is actively interested in the
Good Roads Association lately organ.
lied in that town.
Over thirty thousand dollars have
been awarded this year in Berks
County, Pa, in condemnation pro-
ceedings for free turnpikes.
Hard roads yield large returns when
intelligently constructed and suitably
cared for. 1t is only when badly
made and shamefully neglected that
they prove an expensive luxury.
The Poughkeepsie Eagle suggests
that good plan would be for each
town to improve its own roads, under
the supervision of skilled engineer
employed by the State, and that the
State afterwards contribute o portion
of the cost.
Nothing is more ruinous to ma.
cadam road than water. Ruts hold
water, and, therefore, should never
be allowed to exist. To guard against
their formation and development is
one of the principal parts of proper
care Of q roadway.
An object-lesson on the value OF
good highways is being furnished by
Robert MacKinnon, of Little Falls,
N. Y, who has been grading the road
between Little Falls and Utica, and
putting gravel on it at his own ex-
pense, hoping that it will interest
others in road improvement.
A great many of the statements
made about the cost per mile OF roads
are ept to prove misleading. A fair
comparison cannot be made without
knowing the width and depth, the
amount of grading required, methods
employed, and many other details
which seriously affect the price.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

One gratifying feature of the indus
trial situation during the year closing
is the abandonment by number of
large employers in the Pennsylvania
coal regions of the company stores
which bind the miners to trade their
wages away for the commodities sold
them and deny them the right to trade
where they can trade most advantage
ously. The employers who maintain
these stores do so in the face of State
law which requires them to pay their
employees semi-monthly and in cash
and which forbids the gouge game
practiced by the company stores. Yet
the employers have violated these laws
and set an example of lawlessness to
their men. Every employer continu-
ing this lawlessness against his ork-
men should have the law drawn on
him like sharp sword.-Minneapolis
Journal.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11
why tho Blind Do Not Smoke.

A peculiarity about blind people is
that there is seldom one of them who
smokes. Soldiers and sailors accus-
toned to smoking, and who have lost
their sight in action, continue to smoke
for short time but sssoon give up the
habit. They say it gives them no
pleasure when they cannot see the
smoke, and some have said that they
cannot taste the smoke unless they
see THE Ledger.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

They have taken hold in practical
way in Mobile. Ala. and organized a
Good Roads Club, with view to hav-
ing the city streets improved. The
call for. the first meeting stated that
Mobile "has the worst streets OF any
city in this country" and that "tle
few that are paved are fast becoming
unrideable " The newspapers are
already with them; so, with constant
agitation and persistent work, the OUT
lool. is encouraging.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

In the Children's Home at Sioux
Falls, South Dakota, is n bright faced
maiden who last fall was found living
among the Sioux Indians at Cherry
Creek, tributary of the Upper Mis-
souri,. She was taken from the In,
dians through the efforts of the Rev.
o. Fl. Sproul, of Pierre, and Senator
Kyle, and an endeavor is now being
made to find her relatives, if relatives
she has. Had her presence among
the Indians not been discovered when
it was she would by this time have
been the squaw of one of the braves OF
the tribe Her Indian name is Swift
Fawn. 1t is supposed that her par.
ents were killed by Sitting Bull, by
whom she was brought up. The only
clew to the relatives of the child is a
small linen handkerchief, marked with
the name of Russell, and little silver
drinking mug, upon which is er graved
the name Luella. She prefers to be
called Anna, and so, at the Children's
Home, is known as Anna Russell.
She is ward of the Government
Philadelphia Record.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

Russia is sad to have crowded Eng
Iaad out Of the Aowe.y kingdom; bat
it is hardly probable. John Bull has
planted his fee; in tha. China shop.
and it Will require something more
than diploma>y to remove him.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11

The Postoffice Department desires
information of one Miss Juliet Capu-
let. Some weeks ago the letter was
addressed to the fair heroine of Mr..
Shakespeares romance, but the car
riers here did not know her address.
All of them had fair Juliets on their
routes. but none knew Miss Juliet
Capulet, the daughter of the head of
the royal house of Capulet, who domi-
ciled at Verona and had fuss with a
man named Montague. Nor were they
acquainted with any man named
Romeo, who was enamored of Miss
Capulet, and made botch of killing
himself on her account. So the letter
after going the rounds of the depart
ment gravitated to the dead letter Of
fee, and now the department seeks by
newspaper advertising to carry out the
directions of old man Capulet to his
servant: GO, sirrah, trudge about
through fair Verona; find those per-
sons out whose names are written
there. Washington Star.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1898-04-11
GOOD ROADS NOTES.


Crude petroleum has been used
with good effect to suppress dust on
railroad beds. Now It is advocated Gs
a good application for country roads.
It is claimed that by excluding water
il keeps the road good in wet and dry
weather 1t will suppress dust and
render the water er-cartunnecessary, and
it prevents the formation OF mud in
winter.