The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1898-01-06

titled TO extra VACANT fare or gorgeous surround
ings, The largo majority Of farmers ana INC.
Tribute by tax ! to the support IppGI, Of, STATE nnr,I iRsti nns
lavish and il.considerod outlay which charac.
terizcs the quarters holding some of tho states
insane.
l do not consider tho present commission in
any way responsible for this condition. L
aud their management Is worthy Of commenda.
ton, but l would enjoin upon such manage
ment tho constant recollection That the OK:
thousands on the outside whose surroundings
arc far less comfortable.
PRISONS.
Tho difficult task OF providing work for
prisoners without competing with honest labor
appears to have been successfully discharged.
bsG ss U{RlsFF%tIS& Of Ne SSu PiES' t%o. ifT i GGP sRo so no
victs in the State prisons nrc now employed,
and within thrco months THO e9mmission ey;
those who arc able to work. y seems likely,
that the present law will solve the Question OF
prisons sclf-supportlng.,
One defect connected with prison manage
rected. 1t is the law relating. to the Elmira
I~tcformatory. Tho authority of the managers
there oyer inmates g too arbitrary and extGn.
tended to DO slight are prolonged for years. "A
prison by tho court. The Judge imposing tho
Oh.Sh. biNy hoNSi hoNO N"s
that boys committing their FIRST offence Jointly
to Elmira. and kept there FOR years after their
associate In tho same offence. n hardened Grim
managers have power aisS to transfer inmates
to State prison for thcir unexpircd terms; 10
F Ssllng them fSem back SS n again 2 n to th re, rgter ,Ssm nt di 10
A prisoners term should not depend upon the
court will DO impartial, the keeper may not he.
The court will punish only for the crime al.
ready done, the Keeper may punish Tor siishtor
ho It tbs is Just u, , to reduce the it, term 9h for ,i the good SSSo SSi
which his confinement should not go should be
determined by the Judge who tried hin.
LABOR.
The uphcavals 80 often occurring through tho
disagrecments of labor and its employers, point
to q far greater degree of danger and discon-
tent than those .upheavals expose. The present
me Inadequate. The labor bureaus in this
state ARE as efficient as their authority permits
but does not prevent, Cannot meet the needs OF
the present day, and will be further every year
from meeting the needs Of the future. Il pres.
quently arise, and I believe it would be wise to
encourage the method Of university settlement.
derstand both sides. and while no may acquire
this understanding after the trouble has arisen.
duced because of The Inflammation which in
variably goes with a declared grievance. 1t is
nents have come face to face. but in the ease
of labor troubles large sums of money arc lost
s Mei'G se tn nlsPttis Is g pot SO on much che to p' Compose 1r %a't dif.
ferences as to prevent their occurrence. Its
But the seed Of labor troubles lies in tho prac-
tically unrestricted Immigration by which
this country allows itself to be overrun. There
Il w s allow free trade in foreiEn iabor.' ( tar,
if on goods made abroad covers, only half the
difficulty, If the men;who. made them there are
DermitteQ to come here and make the same
goods in New York; An article made for half
here. Those who have watched the recent
troubles in this country will recall that many OF
them were with cheap and uncdncated labor,
employed because it was cheap and uneducated
and: for wages with which no self-respccting
American could keep his soul and body together.
wages viii go down, work will be scarce. and
those who must have decent wages because they
must live in a decent way will find employ
II the Iaborine, people Of this State will un;
remove that. they viii have loss need Of legis.
iation: They should make nai their views known
the c 2es : aarG sRenld th Sid them 3wn P By its cxp Tna
sion. II. through their efforts, one of the great
est abuses. now existing in the United States
could be checked, they would perform a last
In connection with this labor problem I make
ton be. checked; second, that q fair ratio of
WAGES BE- be- paid insl lHbors fb;,d the ,hPpt public III o at ,sHst
Strikes by ARMED men, some inethod should be
adopted which would not at the first discharge
Of firearms, produce those fatal; tragic results
sally deplored.
THE FORESTS.
The project urged in my first message, of ac-
quiring Adirondack lands, has been fully en-
tered upon, ,v / am ms strongly in favor iom # Of { Its con,
dollars made by the last Legislature, the For
est reserve Board has acquired over two hun
dred and fifty thousand acrcs. at an average
ship of the state from S69, 341 acres TO nearly a
million ono hundred and twenty thousand.
every point of view have been added to tho
1 an more than ever impressed with the i'm.
portance of this subject, and of tho necessity of
the States acquiring and preserving the great
forests. 1 referred last year to their value rs a
health resort and as n means Of renewing the
decreasing supply OF water. There arc other
considerations not less important than those
demands made upon the spruce forests by the
ent Constitution OF the State prohibits cutting
timber on State lands. This prohibition will
cept under conditions which ought not long to
exist, would, be unwise. 1t is no better for:tho
Ell S,Hts and tha dec fr M %9 ind by a~ttin to t all9% s tFsss to
tial revenue might be obtained. Tho science
Of forestry has demonstrated that trees Of II
certain age and maturity can be cut, not to the
detrimcnt, but TO the advantage of those re,
naming. The life of a tree is measured, and
whether. IT is removed by man or falls by its
own weight, its destruction is certain. II re.
moved and sod. tho price goes to the owner,
the process supplies work to the laborcr. md
the lumber supplies a need which is harde
every year to ill. On tho other hand. il the
tree falls by itself, mankind receives no benefit,
but the small trees around 1t that are crushed
and bent arc destroyed, when they might, bc
saved il Immediately relieved from its weight.
Nearly every product s~pringing from tho
earth can be gathered and nature will renew
the supply. Trees are no exception, Forests
of spruce and pine can be cut over at intervals
varying with conditions. The remaining small
or trees will grow faster because the larger ones
are removed. This process not only yields
revenue and improves the forests. but IL great
ly increases tho quantity of timber which the
forests will produce. In tho Adirondecks.I un.
derstand that the yield of spruce timber to tn .
aero is now about 1900 feet. while I'm forests
that have been cared for. where the cutting
has been .judlciously done. tho yiold Is from
thirty to forty thousand feet TO the acre, from
twelve to sixteen times as much. This larger
yield from the cultivated forests occurs at in
while in tho Adirondacks, neglected and mis-
used, a sirgle crop seems to have been consid-
cred the end.
The supply demanded, by the pulp mills is