davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
PRINTING HOUSE GOES UNDER.
RECEIVER ASKED FOR THE
FRANKLIN PRINTING COMPANY.

Several Local Creditors File the Bill
Before Judge LumpI<in and the
Hearing VIII Take Place To-day.
Receivership Not Likely to BE Re-
sisted - Col. W. 4. HemphiII and
George W. Harrison Said to Have
Been Agreed Upon As Joint Re-
ccivers-FOurth National Bank TO
he Restrained From Selling the
COmpany's Bonds.
Atlanta, Ga, Sept. 16-The Franklin Print
ing House by reason of its contracts with
the state probably the best known print
ing and publishing institution in the state,
has gone to the wall. A bill for receiver
has been fled by Hon. Hoke Smith, rep
resenting several local creditors.
Judge J. H. Lumpkin set the hearing of
the matter for tomorrow, but is not likely
that it will be reached then, though this
afternoon il was stated that the receiver
ship would not be resisted and that
joint recelvership with Col. w A. Hemp
hill and George w. Harrison in charge
had been agreed upon. Mr.. Hemphll is
president of the company and Mr.. Har-
rison general manager. H. J. Inman is
vice president and the directory of the
concern numbers other well known and
influential financers and business men.
No statement as to the condition of the
business could be obtained from the Off
GERS. Mr.. Hemphill said this afternoon
that it was impossible for him TO talk
anything about the situation. In fact, the
troubles of the concern have been kept
as quiet as possible. 1t is understood that
there are a number of foreign creditors,
but so far they have taken no hand In
the receivership.
Montag Bros, w. c. Dodson of At
lanta and the Marietta Paper Company,
are the parties asking for the receiVership.
Their joint claims amount to about $2C00.
The understanding that the receivershfp
was brought about with the full knowledge
of certain large stockholders, who realized
the insolvency of the concern, and desired
to have it go through the courts to wind
up its affairs. Efforts have been in pro-
gress for several weeks to reorganize the
company and avert a receivership, but.
they could not be brought to a successful
result.
The bill alleges that the Fourth National
Bank, as trustee, has in its possession
$4,000 of bonds issued by the company
and the court is asked to restrain the
bank from selling or transferring these
because the entire proceeds thereof would
not meet the obligations, and, therefore,
the sale of the bonds in the hope of re-
lieving the company of its embarrassment
would be i'll advised.
The bank referred to holds a claim for
$22, 600 against the Franklin Company. The
capital of the concern was 100000, fully
paid in. 1t was organized thirty years
ago. and has since that time published
nearly all the law reports and other puo-
LEGATIONS for the state.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
TO DISCUSS MILITIA SERVICE
GOV. BLOxHAM OF FLORIDA ISSUES
A CALL TO GOVERNORS.

A Proposed Meeting at Tampa for
the Reorganization of the State
Militia Service As Discussed by the
National HarbOr Defense Conven-
tiOn-The Governor of Each State
Invited to Appoint Delegates to
the Convention - Plans to BE Dis
cussed for improvements In All
Matters Pertaining to the Militia,
and for Placing state Troops ON
an Effective Footing.
Tallahassee, Fla, Sept. 16.-Gov. Blox-
ham to-day issued a call addressed to the
Governor of each>state for a national con-
vention to assemble in Tampa, Feb 8, 1899.
for the purpose of discussing plans for a
reorganization of the state militia SER
vice. The call is as follows:
Impressed with the necessity for thor
ough reorganization of our state militia
service as discussed by members of the
National Harbof Defense Convention, at
Tampa, in 1885, 1 have deemed it proper to
issue a call for national convention in
this interest to assemble at Tampa, Fla,
on Feb. 8. 1899.
1.-The object of this committee will be
to discuss and suggest methods for plac-
ing state troops on the most effective foot
ing.
Questions relating to arms, equipment,
tactics, clothing food and transportation,
win be considered and discussed by ex-
perts.
Especial attention win be given to the
subject Of camp sites sanitation, and all
precautionary measures that modern
science can suggest to insure the comfort
and health Of troops.
"a commodious building will be arrang-
ed for the exhibits of such articles as may
be deemed desirable for army and navy
use
I'm the interest of patriotism and well
fare of the country, 1 respectfully re-
quest Governors of the various states of
the union to appoint delegates from their
land and naval militia service to this con-
vention.
THE army and navy of the United States
will be represented by prominent delegates.
"A circular will be issued in due time,
giving full details as to proposed work de-
sired by this convention.
Hoping that you VIII have your state
fully represented, I have the honor to re-
main, respectfully yours,
wv. D. BloXham. Governor"
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
CUBANs BLEW UP THE MAINE.
senator Canery's View of the Horror
In Havana HarbOr.
From the Philadelphia Record.

From the Philadelphia Record.
Washington, d. c., Sept Ex-senator
Caffery. of Louisiana, in reviewing the
war with SPAIN said: 81 believe that, if
the truth is ever known, 1t will be found
that the Inflated battleship Maine was
destroyed by the Cuban insurgents. One
thing is certain, Spain either directly or
indirectly was not implicated In the cow
ardly crime.
Spain at the time knew that The
opinion of the American people was fast
drifting toward war. She was not in any
position to go to war with the United
States. She knew the inevitable outcome
of a war with us and was doing all in her
power to prevent hostilities. Weyler was
removed at our request The reconcen-
trado order was revoked and an armistice
was proclaimed. War could have been
avoided and Spain would have gladly
given up Cuba very soon. But the Amer
lean people and their able representatives
in Congress and the cabinet We're en-
SHARED by Gomez and his gold-brick allies
and it was war, war, war;
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
MISS GOULD GRATEFUL,
IIt ased with the Thanks rendered
by New York City.
.m the New York journal.

by new OFk OlNys
From the New York Journal.
"It quite took my breath away" said
Miss Helen Gould yesterday. ito learn that
the city had seen fit to thank me for do
ing my duty"
She was pleased however, and respond
ed TO the congratulate of the members
Of the National War Relief Association
with a smile.
II have not yet received copy of the
resolutions" said Miss Gould, nor any
official report of them"
The resolution that especially pleased
her read:
Resolved, That the Municipal Assembly
of the city of New York now recognizes
her distinguished service TO the United
States and directs the city clerk to convey
10 her the assurance of its gratitude and
admiration"
81 have been overwhelmed with thanks
and appreciation from every one," Miss
Gould was heard to say to Mrs. Russell
Sage, Immediately after the meeting of the
relief association where she had presided
and where thanks had been voted to her
and to Mrs. Walworth, the director gen
eral, for their great and good work.
Miss Gould yesterday took seven sick
soldiers to Woody Crest, her children
home at Irving ton-on-the-H Hudson. The
men, who came from Camp Wikoff were
driven from the Irvngton station to
Woody Crest in Miss Gould's carriage, and
they We're cared for by DR.. Coutant and a
corps of nurses.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17

Americas Greatest
M edicine is
Hoods Sarsaparilla,
Which absolutely
Cures every form Of
Impure blood, from
The pimple on your
Face to the great
Scrofula sore which
Drains your system.
Thousands of people
Testify that Hoods
Sarsaparilla cures
Scrofula, Salt Rheum,
Dyspepsia, Malaria,
Catarrh, Rheumatism
And That Tired
Feeling. Remember this
And get Hoods
And only Hoods.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
POLITICS IN LAURENs.
Ex-senator Blackburn and MIR. du-
BignOn Speak Next Week.

BignOn Speak Next Week.
Dublin. Ga, Sept. 16.-The Democrats of
Laurens are preparing for a big rally here
on Saturday Sept "a, when Hon. ]. C. S.
Blackburn, the -tongued orator."
of Kentucky, will speak. Hon. F. G. du-
Bignon win also be here, and they will be
greeted by an immense crowd. Laurens
will be redeemed from Populism in Octo-
Der
Congressman Brantley will also speak
here on Monday, Oct 8, and he will spoil
the work of Col. Wilkinson, his Republi-
can opponent, and Maj. ]. f. Hanson,
chief ''lily-white'' Republican, who speaks
here next Wednesday.
The friends of Col. John M. Stubs regret
to know that he is seriously i'll an New
York city He and Mrs. Stubs have been
spending several weeks in Canada and the
Northeast.
The Dublin Telephone Company finds 1t
a hard matter to accommodate all who
want phones. They have over 200 sub
scribers and new ones are added daily. A
new switch board has been put in their
Office this week
Dublin real estate is rising in value
Many new dwellings and business houses
have been built this year. but there is still
a demand for dwellings. An excursion
party of several hundred people from In
dianapolis, Cincinnati and other Western
places will come to Dublin to attend big
auction sale about Nov l.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
FATHER KILEYS DEFENSE.
BE ANSWERS THE SEVERE CRITI-
CISM OF REV. M'DONALD.

DenieS That Catholic Faith Had Any
,bipa 10 Do with Spnih's Defeat,
and Applies the same Argument to
fhe Downfall of COBfederacy - He
Argues That Educational Institu-
lions of Spain Are Superior to
Those of Protestant Countries.
Where suicides and Divorces Are
common. But Declares Also That
Cubans Are Not Capable of Self
Government.
Atlanta. Ga, Sept. 16.-Father Kiley of
Savannah. vicar general of the Catholic
diocese of Georgia, has written a two-col-
urnn reply to DR.. Mcdonald, pastor of the
Second Baptist Church of this city, who
recently passed some very severe criti-
oisms upon the Catholic Church. In the
course of a talk before the local Baptist
ministers about mission work in Cuba.
Father Kiley resents the accusation of
DIR. Mcdonald that the Catholic Church
or the religious faith of the Spanish peo-
pie was rebul1ed by divine power in the
defeat of Spain. He declares that SPANS
defeat was no more because of divine dis
approval of Catholicism. as DR.. Melon
aid argued, than was the overthrow of the
confederacy due to the siding of heaven
with the Northern armies. 1t was
case of might or the strong against the
weak. and that was all. Neither does our
victory make ours the righteous cause, he
says, because it has never yet submitted
that the South was wrong because whip
ped by the North. He compared the hue
and cry over the persecution of the Gu
bans with the mistaken sympathies for
the negro before emancipation. and de
clares that the Cubans are no more fit for
self-government than the negress.
Father Kelley takes DR.. Mcdonald to
task with very sarcastic pen for his
aspersions upon the Catholic Church, and
goes TO some length in arguing the cause
Of the educational and other institutions
of Spain in comparison with those of Prot
estant countries, showing higher educa-
ton to be more prevalent there than in
Great Britain, the serial evil immeasur-
ably less and the suicide ratio and divorce
evil nowhere to be compared with Amer
lea.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
FUNERAL INVITATIONS.

BLUM.-Died, at Camp Northern Griffin,
Ga, Sept. 16, 1898, Corpl Benjamin Blum.
Friends are invited to attend his funeral
at Bonaventure cemetery this morning at
7:45 o'clock.
BLUN.-The friends of Mr.. and Mrs.
Henry Blum and family are invited to at
tend the funeral of their son, Robert Ed
ward this morning at 10 o'clock, from the
family residence. IA Oglethorpe avenue,
east
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
WANTS TO BE EXECUTED.
A Queer Request Received Mt the
Governors Mansion Yesterday.

A Queer Request Received mt the
Governors Mansion Yesterday.
Atlanta, Ga, Sept. 16-The Governor of
Georgia, in common with the Governors
Office in other states, is often called upon
TO use his prerogative to save victim from
the gallows, but it is a rare thing indeed
that the chief executive is appealed TO by
man who wants to be hanged
This is, however, the strange request that
came to Gov. Atkinson while he lay in bed
Sick at the executive mansion to-day. To a
sick man it was positively an uncanny
thing
The plea for death came from one Bill
Williams of Midwife, who wrote his pc
tition In a serious scrawl as follows:
Midwife, Ca, Sept. 10, 1S9S.-Gov w. Y.
Atkinson. Dear Sir: l have been disabled
by wicked people 1 am not able to work
and take care of myself. My life is no
pleasure TO me and I would like for you tc
have me hanged and give my body to the
doctor after l am dead. l can't see any
thing but death, and the sooner the bet
ter. | was at work for fairy when this
happened 10 me at ''3R," and / win like to
hear from you very soon. In care Mr..
Smith. Yours respectfully from BIZ VIZ
liams."
1t is supposed that "SI5'' means a station
on the Central Railway. If the Governor
had not taken his correspondent seriously
he might have replied suggesting the NOR
prime route instead of the gallows as a
means of relief but he took 1t soIemnly.
so he would not talk about it even.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
SUITS FOR. SANDER.
Joseph Murphey Sues Two Citizens of
Augusta.

Augusta Ca. Sept. l6.-Suit for Islander
was filed to-day by Joseph Murphey, a
liveryman, for $1,000 each against DR.. w.
r. Robinson, a veterinary surgeon, and J.
NJ. Overton, a liveryman.
Murphy owed Robinson $500 and left Au-
gusta several months ago for Indiana
but it is claimed he notified Robinson that
his absence was only temporary, and he
would pay him his debt Robinson also en-
tered suit, however, and it is alleged by
Murphey that during his absence, Robert
son and Overton have made many SANDER
Gus statements about him and damaged
his reputation.
There is a good deal of feeling in the
case, and to-day Murphey attached the
bill of lading of a carload of horses ex-
pected by DR.. Robinson.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
RESULTS ON THE DIAMOND.
Games Played Yesterday by the
National League.

HAdScO ny
National League.
Philadelphia, Sept. 16.-Philadelphia won
the first game of the double-header by for
felt. Mcfarland oversiid the plate in the
fifth, but succeeded in touching the base
before Donahue put the ball on him.
Mertes, acting captain kicked so long and
vigorously that Umpire Gaffney declared
the game forfeited The Phillies were not
in the second game at any stage Their
fielding was execrable. Attendance 1917
Score:
First game R.H.E.
Philadelphia ..............0 0 IL 1
Chicago ...................1 o. 0
Forfeited to Philadelphia to 0.
Batteries-Donahue and Mcfarland;
Griffith and Donahue.
Second game RHE
Philadelphia i o 90 2 2 0-5n 0
Chicago ......3 0 x-10 16 0
Batteries-Conn. f. Murphy and M
Murphy; Thornton and Nichols.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
AID FOR HAVANA 9APTIsTs.
Mission Board to Send Agents There
In short Time.

Mission board to Send Agents There
In a short Time.
Atlanta, Ca, Sept. 16.-The Baptist Mis-
sion Board intends to take active steps
for the relief of the suffering Baptists in
Cuba At a meeting of the board held
here to-day it was decided to send repre-
sentatives to Havana at the earliest posi-
bic moment to investigate the situation,
and at the same time take charge of the
distribution of relief supplies, which are
10 be sent as soon as arrangements can
be made.
The authorities at Washington have been
requested by the board to secure the free
entrance of such supplies into Havana
The agents selected by the board to go to
Havana are ex-Mayor Porter King and
A. d. Adair of this city. Mr.. Adair is
chairman of the committee on Cuba of
the Southern Baptist convention and is
therefore, in close touch with the affairs
there, if anybody can be said to enjoy such
a relation with the unhappy island since
the breaking out of hostilities.
Mr.. Adair and Mr.. King will leave for
Havana on Oct / and will go prepared 10
stay there indefinitely. 1t was intended
TO send these agents to the island last win
ter on relief work, but promotion of hos
tilities caused an abandonment of the plan
at that time.
Recent advices from Havana to DR..
Tichenor, secretary of the board are to
the effect that there at least 500 Baptists
there who are in dire necessity.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
WAYCROss AND WARE.
The County Registration - A Full
Ticket of Black Men.


Waycross, Ga. Sept. 16.-The registration
books for Ware county were closed We'd
nesday night, and 1885 whites and 2S6
blacks registered. 1t is estimated that the
Democratic majority in the county will
be between 500 and 1000.
The campaign in Ware county Is pecu-
liar in its phases. The Democratic ticket
will be opposed by the Republicans and
Popullsts if the fusion is preserved be-
tween the latter two parties. The Repub-
licans have nominated a ticket from rep
resentative down to coroner, and all the
candidates are black men.
Sheriff T. ]. Mcclellan of Ware county
went to Triton yesterday and at p. m.
was united in marriage to Miss Ella John
son of Waycross, who was visiting friend
at the former place. The couple return
ed home last night
Col j. NJ. Wilkinson, the Republican
nominee for Congress from the Eleventh
district spoke yesterday at Jesup
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
SPECIAL NOTICES.
FRESH FRUIT.

FRESH FRUIT.
Fancy Delaware Grapes, in 5-lb baskets.
S0c each.
Fancy Large Ripe Bananas 15c dozen.
Fancy Red New York Apples.
Large Sweet Oranges zoe per dozen.
We are still rushing these prices:
Pearl Grits and Meal 15c peck.
Fancy Head Rice 75c peck.
Fancy New York Irish Potatoes 3oc peck
Imported Sardines, in As, with keys, 10c
Imported Sardines, in Us, with keys 15c
each.
New Packed Corn, in 2-lb cans, SC each.
New Packed Peas, in 2-lb cans, 10c each
Cooper's Gelatine, in 2-oz. packages, &c
each, or 4 packages for Csc.
Best American Cheese 13c; 2 lbs for Csc.
Best Columbia River Salmon, 13c; for Csc.
Prices Baking Powder, in lib cans, 4Oc.
Prices Baking Powder, in 1a-lb cans. 2Oc.
9 cakes Circus Soap and box Blue for 25c
packages Pearline for 25c.
pounds Best Lump Starch for Csc.
Ask to see our Beefsteak Catsup.
Fresh arrival of lib cans assorted Jams,
10c each.
2-lb packages Snow Boy Washing Powder
&c each.
BIB cans Clam Chowder zoe can.
1a-pint bottle Worcestershire Sauce 1Oc
bottle
BIB cans Best Table Peaches Toe can.
Quart bottles Best Olive Oil csc.
Queen Olives, in pint bottles, for 20c
c. A. DRAYToN GROCERY CO.,
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
DEATH OF CORPL. BLUM.
He Died As ReveiIIe Was Sounded at
Camp NOrthen Yesterday.

He Died As ReveiIIe Was Sounded at
Camp NOrthen Yesterday.
Griffin, Ga, Sept. 15.-This morning at A
o'clock, just as the bugle sounded for re-
vile, those who had been watching over
the sick during the night saw the life of
Benjamin Blum take its departure. Blum
was a private in Company K of Savan-
nah. and had been sick for several days
with dysentery, and this morning, as
though the bugle were calling him too his
spirit answered not on this earth, but
above. All who saw it say it was a sad
death far away from home and loved
ones, yet begging for them to the last.
His body was sent 10 Savannah IL 9:15
tonight, accompanied by an escort from
his company, who will bury it in that city
tomorrow.
The following card of thanks was asked
publication in the Morning News by the
company: I'VE, the committee to procure
flowers to cover the casket of our com
rade, Corpl. Benjamin Blum, who died
this morning at 5:25 O'clock desire to thus
publicly express our appreciation of the
courtesies shown by the ladies of Griffin,
who have woven wreaths and fashioned
garlands for one who was a true soldier
and a beloved comrade. At such times
words may seem meaningless, but the en-
tire command of Company K viii ever
hold your kind action in remembrance
and your generosity TO the dead soldier
and stranger will live in their hearts"
The card is signed by Fritz Suffer,
quartermaster sergeant; Rud Schwarz,
sergeant and Fritz Ehler, corporal.
Capt w. f. Sanders of Forsyth, has
been confined to his bed for several weeks.
He is now at his home, but writes he is
improving, and will return to his COM
mand In camp in a few days.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
Pittshurr e-New York 0.

New York, Sept 16.-With three men on
bases in the second inning of to-days
game Gilbert, formerly of the Washing
tons, misjudged O'Briens fly and it was
good for three bases and three runs. AT
tendance COS Score: RH.E
New York 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 6 1
Pittsburg .....0 L l 0 0 0-6 10 2
Batteries-Doheny and Warner; Gardner
and SchriVer.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
Chnnge In Ran PLAYERS.

New York, Sept. 16-Third Baseman
William Shindle will play his last game
with Brooklyn to-morrow. He has been
released, and Wagner, the Washington in
fielder, has been secured to take his place
Anderson, who 1t was reported early in
the season was sold to Washington, was
only loaned He will return to Brooklyn
in a few days.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
A Tied Gnme at BROOKLYN.

New York, Sept. 16.-After Brooklyn had
gained what appeared to be safe lead by
good hitting, the Colonels tied the score
by punching five errors. The playing was
good thereafter, the teams remaining tied
when the game was called at the end of
the eleventh. Attendance 100. Score:
R.H.E.
Brooklyn .........31SO000 10000 OF Il 5
Louisville ..........O 1871 000 OF u 1
Batteries-Yeager and Ryan; Bowling
and Kituedge.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
FELL THROUGH A sKYLIGHT.
A Negro Porter at Atlanta Receives
Fatal Injuries.

Atlanta, Ca, Sept 16.-Jeff Payne, ne
gro porter employed by II. II. Smith,
cotton broker In the Lowe building on
Whitehall street, fell through the sky
light to-day and was so badly cut and
bruised that his death is regarded as a
certainly. His fall was fifteen feet. and hi
landed upon his back across a scantling
which caused internal injuries, besides be-
ing horribly cut by the glass. He was en-
gagged in cleaning the skylight when ne fall
through into clothing store below
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
baltimore s-Cincinnati 2.

Baltimore, Sept. 16.--The Orioles made
it four straights with the Reds to-day, in
a game that was in doubt at all times
and in which both sides played good ball
Kilson had good control of the ball and
pulled his side out Of several tight places
Attendance, 2,06S. Score: RHE
Baltimore 40 1 2 0 0 0 0 ks
Cincinnati 30 0 0 0 0 o. II 8
Batteries Kitson, and Robinson; DAM
man and Wood
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17

Boston. Sept. 1.-THE Champions to-day
batted Taylor all over the field. The
Browns also batted Lewis hard, but it was
confined to the first two innings and only
two runs resulted. Attendance, 1000.
Score: R.H.E.
Boston 80 0 O6 o oil x-1O Is 5
st. Louis 30 0 0 0 0 o. s l
Batteries-Lewis and Bergen; Taylor and
Clements
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
NEGRO SOLDIERS TO LEAVE.
Tenth Immune Regiment VIII De.
part To-day for Lexington.

Augusta, Ga, Sept 16.-The Tenth I'm
mune Regiment of negro soldiers that was
enlisted here and has been in camp ever
since, leaves tomorrow morning for Lex
ington, Ky. The regiment is divided I'D
and a part of 1t goes over the Georgia
Railroad. and a part over the Charleston
and Western Carolina and Seaboard Air
Line to Atlanta, but the whole regiment
goes from Atlanta over the same route.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-09-17
cleveland e-washington 8.

Washington. Sept 16.-Cleveland won
out in the seventh on two singles, base
on balls and an error. Attendance, 1000
Score: RH.E.
Washington % o 1 o o u O-S 10 2
Cleveland 80 0 O 3 0-6 o l
Notwithstanding and Farrell; Powell
and Criger