davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04
SENATE WANTS. 30 KNOW
What Germany Means by Excluding
Our Fruit.

Washington, Feb. 4.-Germany's or
der prohibiting the importation of
American fruits into that empire called
out a, resolution in the senate from Mr..
Davis (NIinn), chairman of the commit
tee on foreign relations calling upon the
president if not incompatible with the
public interest to transmit to the SEN
ate the correspondence and other infOr-
nation bearing upon the matter in his
possession or in that of the state de-
partment. The resolution was agreed
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04
Pensions for Kansans.

Washington, Feb pensions have
been granted as follows:
Observation-Disclosures Shirk, Topeka, Sc;
William Rifle, Spring Hill, Sc; James NJ.
Payne, Fort Scott Sc.
Increase-Enos Rushton. MaryviIle,
$14 to SIT
Original widow, etc.-Rosenna Brock
enridge, mother, Wichita, sl2.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04
oIathe Elevator Burned.

OIathe, Feb 4.-The elevator of G.
Delahmet & Son, one of the oldest ele-
vators in this part of the country, was
several thousand bushels of grain. The
loss will probably reach $4,000, with 81
100 insurance.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04
Reformatorv ESCAPE Captured.

Hutchinson, Feb.4.-Robert Batersby.
who IS wanted at Salina, for forgery,
was arrested at NickersOn today. and
brought to the county jail here. He ad-
check on a Salina bank for SIS he tried
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04
Are You Going to California;

# SO, please bear in mind that the
Santa Fe route limited train passes
through Topeka Westbound every Sun
day, Tuesday and Thursday, and runs
to Los Angeles in fifty-four hours. with
through sleepers to principal California
cities
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

There is. one strong point of difference
between the votes of the two houses of
congress on the Teller resolution. Sen
atoFs voted. their convictiOns;e many
representatives did not.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04
ANTI-SCALPING BILL.
Is Approved by the Senate Commit
tee on Interstate Commerce.

Washington, Feb. 4.-The senate com
mittee on interstate commerce has de-
cided to report the anti-scalping bill
with recommendation that it pass.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

If Hayti wishes to escape the cOntin-
uOus annoyance Of collectors she should
establish a. regular pay day. It is dis
turbing to have some nations war ship
appear every few days with bill
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04
T. B. Murdock's Silver Wedding.

FL Dorado, Feb. 4.-Mr. and Mrs.
Thomas Benton Murdoch celebrated
their 25th wedding anniversary at their
home, on Walnut hill, last night, about
100 guests being present. Mr.. and Mrs.
Murdoch have lived in this county about
30 wears.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

If the Spanish soldiers at Havana
can beat the Names crew playing base
ball they may feel like trying a contest
with cannon balls
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

WICHITA-A mass meeting of
the farmers and business men of
Sedgwick county has been called by
authority of a committee selected by
Joint meeting of Union and Eagle
townships, for the purpose of perfecting
arrangements to prevent the diversion
of the Big Arkansas river in Colorado
and Western Kansas, to be held in
Wichita on Thursday, February 10.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

If China should ever become burdens
ed with a too abundant currency, all she
needs to do is to kill a subject of the
Kaiser
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

OBERLIN-A little more than a week
ago Chester Burnette, who has been
working as a compositor on one of the
local papers here, was arrested for
burglarizing the second hand store or
NJ r. Martin. and before a preliminary
examination had been held he broke
jail and escaped. Yesterday he was
captured at Guide Rock, Nebraska.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

PARSONS-Billy Hughes, who was
back-stop for the Parsons ball team
during the season OF 1896, has accepted
a position with the New Orleans club.
Jack Campbell, another ball player, who
is at present working in the city, has
signed with the Bangor, Me, club.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04
ARKANSAS CITY-RicI

ARKANSAS CITY-Richard Ward,
who some days ago was supposed to
have been Iynched at Galena, formerly
lived here His mother still resides
here. and she is almost frantic over the
news that her son has fallen into trou-
BILE. Ward left here in search of en-
pIoyment about one year ago.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04
FROM KANSAS TOWNS.

WELLINGTON-Th business of the
postoffice here for the year ending
March 81 will restore the office to a sec
ond class standing, which will mean a
free carrier system.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

to induce a Hutchinson woman to eIope
with him. 1t was through a letter
written to her that he was captured.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

LAWRENCE-John Gardner, who in
company with five companions over
powered the turnkey and escaped from
the Douglas county Jail two years ago
last August. was captured yesterday
a afternoon by the officers. He was con-
fined for burglary.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

have been selected from here to attend
the district league convention at Garden
City, February 1921: A. S. Einsel, Mrs
L. d. Einsel. Colin Heating, Miss Delga
Neiderger, Mrs. John Morrison
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

No one over ten years of age should
ask for sympathy on the grounds that
he is alone in the world. There are
many people who would consider this a
cause for congratulation.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

FORT SCOTT-The city council last
night took formal steps to call specla
election to vote $50, 900 for the estab-
lishment of water and electric light
plants.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

Since death finally gets US, why not
make it less appalling by picturing
Death as a pretty woman? Who wants
to be carried off by a man, anyway?
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

So long as he is able to digest what
he eats, a man is never willing to ad-
NIT that he eats too much.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04
GLOBE SIGHTS.

CFrom the Atchison Globe.)
Our idea of self control is to be able
to pay a drygOOds bill without swear
ing.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

The meanest thief in Kansas has been
discovered. He stole the kerosene oil
stored for use in the M. z. church at
Centralia.-Atchison Champion.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

Considering that there are no million
aires in hison, and that all of the
fathers, and most of the mothers, work
hard, there is q terribly large number
of girls who do nothing but visit from
town to town to attend parties.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

In nine cases out of ten, the bill pre-
scented you is correct, and you should
pay it without kicking. If a man finds
an error the tenth times he kicks, he
has lost so much time by his nine pre-
viOus kicks that he doesn't profit any
in finding the error.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

Andree's friends have given up. They
are saying nothing but good of him.
Wichita Eagle.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1898-02-04

We have noticed that the man yol
help the most is the first to turn agains
yOu.-Arkansas City Traveller.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26
THEY COST MONEY.
lint New Inventions Are Necessity
In Getting Alaska Gold.

Among the many unique or preposterous
inventions that are daily brought 70 the
surface in connection with the subject OF
winter transportation 10 the klondihe is
one that has arrived AT the freight sheds
OF the Northern Pacific in this city. This
scheme for gliding over the Ice and snow
Of the far north consists OF a steam sled
with a very large platform for supporting
the engine. and upon which the protecting
house Is TO he built. The construction is
of very heavy oak. and the propulsion IA
accomplished by Il spike cylinder. not
unlike the usual attachments fer steam
sieds. The weight Of the sled and engine
is not Tess than five tons. In one respect
the difference between this and the ordi-
nary sled is the arrangement OF the cylin-
der which Is also provided with paddle
blades. which Mr.. Allen. freight agent.
believes are TO push the machine through
the water, providing the Ice breaks. The
owner OF the machine. which. by the way.
was built in Jersey City. also sent along
A crate Of rifles. the usual accompaniment
~ the tenderfoot going north. The freight
bill 10 Seattle was not far from 500, and
the bill from SEES tile 10 Dyea will be about
$500 more. making $500 freight alone TO be
expended In trying an experiment.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26
BY STEAM SLED 70 DAWSON
LADIES COMPANY COMES TO SEAT
Tie FOR STEAMER FACILITIES.
Try Novel transportation scheme
-Rfchard kehr, Representing the
Company, Is Now I'm seattle.

Richard F. Kehr, representing the Snow
and Ice Transportation Company of Chi
cago Is in Seattle trying 10 secure space
for transporting l50 passengers and 125
tons of freight 70 Dyea. The Chicago
company has contract with the govern
ment 10 take 80 tons of provisions over
the pass and down the Yukon TO Dawson.
The motive power which viii be used is
supplied by steam locomotive snow sleds.
such as are used in the pine woods Of
Michigan. Joseph Ladue is president OF
the company and E. i. Resented. of Chi
cago, 4. manager George +. Arnold, the
inventor of the sled. who was employed
for several years by Gen. AlgeT in his lum-
Der business IN Michigan. is suparinten-
dent OF motive power of the company.
1--WE are going ahead with our prepare
tions for taking snow locomotives and
sleds 10 Alaska" said Mr.. kehr yester-
day at the Butler. while / know that
our plans have been received with criti-
cism by some people on the Pacific coast.
and especially By men who have lived in
Alaska. yet there is no doubt but that we
shall succeed in all we undertake. The
contract between the company and the
government was signed December 81 and
We have undertaken TO transport pr0vis-
ions fer the government clear into the
kiondika The machinery that we will
use Is no experimental apparatus. The
snow locomotives have been tested FOR
several years in Michigan, and there is
no question but that they Will he found
practicable for use In Alaska
is
company. is now at Portland. We VIII
put the steam sleds together there. We
Will have six locomotives and thirty sleds
fer traiers. Each locomotive Will have
a capacity fer drawing S9 tons. but We
VIII undertake 10 carry 1ee tons only 10
the locomotive"
Mr.. kehr gave the following description
~ the steam sled: The engine Is mounted
on runners made or heavy twesve-inch
timber. shed with steel The engine Is
geared to a drum FIVE feet wide and six
feet i'm diameter. This drum Is kept filed
with hot air. at n temperature. Of IL de-
srcss. IL Is supplied with iron teeth.
twelve feet Wide and three Inches from
the surface. The heated drum packs the
snow down hard. leaving a firm surface
fer q foothola for the teeth. IL swings
In a frame. which hinges 10 an outside
frame. permitting i 20 rise and fail. al
lowing for inequalities os the ground.
Mr.. hshr will either charter "A steamer
70 carry 10 passengers 10 the North or
VIII secure c,oE1rs1od&ti0uS f-orn ore 81
the yeguiSr companies. The 10 people are
passengers which hts company viii taxa
10 the klo1stike on their snow trains
Asked regarding the tine "a hen his com
pany would begin operations in Alaska.
Mr.. kehr said that he believed the sseds
would be s.; up and ready to start over
The pass Ky February -
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26
NEW STEAMSHIP LINES.
Two Companies, With Eight ocean
vessels. VIII Enter the seattle
Alaska Trade.

Special Dispatch to the Post-intsiligencer-
WASHINGTON. Jan. 25.-Ernest Y.
Ling. secretary Of the Seattle Chamber
Of Commerce. passed through the city to-
day en- route home. He has just secured
positive assurances that the Empire
Steamship Company, Of Philadelphia, fer
merly known as the States Company. viii
make Seattle the starting point OF their
FIVE Rig ocean steamers which are 10 do
a share OF the Alaska business next sum-
rer.
He also reports that the Boston and
Alaska Transportation Company, IN
which James McNaushs is interested. will
put on the ocean three steamers and five
river boats on the Yukon and four barges.
Seattle is to he one OF the terminal points
~ this company also.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26
QUAKER STATE kLONDIkERS.
Four Are i'm the City 0utftting-Sfx
Others to Follow Soon.

-Four men from the Keystone state are
in Seattle preparing to go to the kion-
dixie. They are all registered at the But
Ter from Bradford. Pa. Their names are
r. T.. Andrews. c. s. Matson. f. G. En-
cry and C~srge W. White. All have been
connected with the Oil industry in Penn
sylvania-
Mr. Emery Is a young man fresh from
the Boston School Of Technology. His
health failed him and he left school 70
embrace an opportunity TO make fort
une in the gold fields.
we have not yet determined which
route we viii take" said Mr.. Watson, last
night. This and other perplexing Ques-
tlons are being investigated by US. We
are perhaps the first Klondikers TO come
from Bradford. The whole state Is alive
with interest In the gold fields. and there
Is a great deal Of talk about Seattle. A
party of six men, known as the Mullen
party. will leave there In a day or SO for
Seattle, bound for the gold fields
Mr.. Andrews made a flying trip through
the Yukon In 1875. He Is In favor of the
Chil<oot route. He said yesterday that
Be purchased his outfit in Seattle on his
Tier trip. and being well satisfied, came
here again.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26
sPARS FOR BOSTON.
Bark Olympic Snils-The W. J. Rotch
to Load Here.

Bark Olympic, Capt Gibbs. left for sea
yesterday afternoon In tow of the tug
Tyee She Is bound for Boston and Phila-
telphla with cargo OF $500 spars. the
greater part Of which were taken on at
Ballard. The Olympic arrived on Puget
sound early last November from Santa
Rosalia. While lying at Ballard, shortly
after her arrival. she was deserted by the
greater part of her crew, who claimed that
they had received had treatment during
the voyage.
Barnesou & Chilcott. who loaded the
Olympic viii lead the bark William J..
Rotch mex, Maroa with cargo OF spars
for New York The Rofch is now on the
way 70 san Francisco from the Atlantic
coast.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26
FOR COPPER RIVER.
Schooner Lizzie Colby to Sail About
February 4.

Schooner Lizzie Colby. chartered by the
La Conner Trading and Transportation
Company which was to have sailed yes
terday with passengers and freight for
Copper river ports. did not get away.
The preparations being made on her for
the accommodation of passengers are not
completed. The schooner has been pro-
yided with hunks for 100 and has space
for large amount OF freight. Her rig
ging is at present being repaired and
tested. She received her sails yesterday.
1t is expected that the Colby will be
ready TO sail about February l. A num-
Der of miners have engaged passage on
her.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26
FREE TO ALL WOMEN.

wish al ladies' % know thai am man.
sxer OF oTAnca Office for tine sale % the
famous Balm Of Figs . remedy : ngch viii
positively cure ali forms Of female weak
ness without the aid Of physician and
as PROOF or igs merits. ! viii gladly give Of
there Is no case OF Painful Periods. Leucor-
rhoea. Dispia cements or Irregularities but
what II VIII cure. This il 10 auack doc
tors medicine. or humbug but Natures
OWE remedy for women which restored me
10 health after all other means had failed.
and Is indorxsd BY many Seattle ladies. II
viii cost you nothing 20 convince yourself
OF its merits and shall be pleased 10 have
you call. or send q z-cent stamp and
Will send you one S5-cent box free and
write you fun particulars. Mrs. CaroIins
Rose. Seattle. Wash. 4e4 Belmont Avenue.
RFAEABER--BALM OF FIGS CURES.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26

ON and after January 3 two daily
trains between Seattle and Portland.
Leave Seattle $50 a. m. and p. m.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26

IN safe and suitable steamboats, during TIE
season of navigation of 1883 on route No.
IsosI. from San Francisco or Seattle CIR
any other seaport postoffice in California
oregon or Washington. In connection with
Inalaska, st. Michael ana points along
the Yukon river to Circle City Alaska
or 10 Dawson. n, w. T., If steamers run
10 that point, and back. The contractor
VIII not be required 10 carry more than
ZOO pounds or mail each way per trim.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26
NAIL TO THE YUKON.
Bids Wanted From Steamship Lines
From sastie or other Towns

WASHINGTON Jan. =.-Posrmaster
General Gary has issued an advertisement
inviting proposals for carrying tie mails
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26

Social Dispatch "a the -Intesilgeucer.
EVERETT. Jan @A-~The Everett smeita-
. a5@ running nigh. and day with tao
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26

The schooner Protection is expected TO
arrive daily from San Francisco. She will
go at once on the run TO Dyea and Skag-
uay. Alaska The Protection Is OF about
the same dimensions as the Noyo and
viii carry il5 passengers. The steam
schooner Rival. TO be run IN connection
with the Protection. Is due here February
10 from San Francisco. She viii carry tho
same number of people
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26

e. Brown, George Thompson. John San
born. Charles Harris. l.. o. Hart. George
NJ. Rice, j. Il. Kelley, Mike Bedda.
Clara Nexuda Al. Tasax
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26

Steamer Clara Nevada IL In readiness TO
sail today for Lynn canal ports. All the
preparations made for the reception OF
her passengers were eonpieted yesterday.
and the trim steamer WI. soon be On her
way TO the north. a trial spin was taken
yesterday. In tow of The tug Mystic. 20
ties. the Nevada's steaming gear. She will
lA.a..n. l.o.,. assi m rrcx..zo-.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26

Proposals will be received untn February
Oie. ana probably three. new cases OF
yellow fever are reported from Edwards
Miss - AVS
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26

shifts. Two furnaces are in full blast. and
large quantities of ore are on hand for re
duct.on.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26
u Pills
Always Reliable. Purely Vegetable.

Always Reliable. Purely Vegetable.
Perfectly taStelsss elegantly coated
regulate. purify. cleanse ana strengthen
RApWAY'S PILLS for the cure 81 III
disorders n the stomach. Bowels. Kta-
ncys. BLADDER. Nervous Diseases, Dixxi
ness. Vertigo, Ccsttveness. Piles.
stCk HEADACHE.
FEMALE COMPLAINTS.
INDIGESTION. nIIIOJsNIss
DYSPEPSIA.
CONSTIPATION
ana all Disorders of the Liver.
Observe tire following symptoms. result
snS from diseases Of the digestive organs.
Cons, sIsatton. inward piles. fGlIness ~
hkoo3 IN the bead. aci3lty a. the stomach
nausea. heartburn, disgust Of f,soa FALL
ness - weight 81 TIE stomach. sour erg!r-
xatious. sinking - aDEtertnS % TIE heart
choking or sun oJ2tlag sensations " thea IA
a txtng posture. GirunesS ~ vision dots or
vphs bsfoTe fhe sight. fever and a4si pain
4. the head, deficiency of pevspsraftoxa
>efioyfuess Of the skin and eyes. pasr ~
80 side chest. limbs. aud sudden ..asAss
~ heat burning tn the fisSa.
A ~ doses Of RANWAY : Pills ursu
fr,.e tha system 81 ali tlss above IA med
Disorder
price use "A Box. Sold ny pruggists,
sent by mail.
RaDWaA - co.
.s e5 Elm street, New York.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26
PRECIOUS METALS IN 1897.
ANNUAL STATISTICS COMPLIED ny
WELLS, FARGO & CO.
Grand Total OF 81 81, as, AGO for States
and Territories West Of the Mis-
sissippi-Alaska Produces Sa.623.-
600, and Washington $50s. 100.
SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 25.-Following
is the annual report of Wells, Fargo & Co.
OF the precious metals produced In the
states and territories west OF the Missis
s,ppi river dncluding British Columhia)
during 1897, which shows:
SILVER .................... .........,. 3t,is1tSt
Lead Observation-Disclosures. S,sforiff
Total ............. ...........-.. slo3. sSa fbs
The "commercial' value at which the
several metals named herein have been
estimated is:
Silver. co cents per ounce; copper, IL
cents per pound, and lead. <.ss per loo
pounds.
States and Territories

The gross yield for 1897 shown above.
segregated is approximately as follows IN
percentages:
Gold. u 5l-ioo: silver, "a 2i-ioo: copper.
q ss-ioo: lead, 51-ioo.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1898-01-26

Punks to keep hands ana ~
They will burn In small Tin ~ i
hours. Packages Of 10. s ceat1s !
ages, 10 cents.
The herald., 1898-12-21
WANTS NO WAR
Germany Seems Anxious to Avoid
Tariff Troubles

BERLIN, Dec. 20.-The North German
Gazette today, referring to Senator Mason's
resolution introduced in the senate yester.
day directing the committee on agriculture
to inquire into certain legislation pending
before the reichstag calculated to prohibit
the importation into Germany of American
sausages and other meat products and di.
recting the committee, should the measure
become law, to report Immediately bill
to require the inspection of sugar, meats,
wines and all other food products which
are imported into the United States from
Germany, and also referring to the agricul-
tural bill introduced in the house, calls at
tention to the promise of Count Posadow-
ski-Weihner, secretary of the interior, in the
reichstag that an imperial law will be in
troduced providing general regulations TOR
the importation of American meats, which,
1T is hoped, will avert the possibility OF
conflict or claims upon the part of tn
United States.
The paper adds that law on this sub.
Ject is in course of preparation, but has not
yet been submitted to the bundesrath.