davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily camera., 1898-04-19
LEE IN DOUBT.

He Does not Know wbere He Will Be
Placed in War.
Richmond, Va, April Io-lt is regard.
ed as significant fact that General Lees
leave of absence is issued by the var de-
partment and not by the state depart
ment. General Lee does not know what
position he will occupy. but he will GER
tainlys be given some command in Cuba.
Daily camera., 1898-04-19
RECRUITS WANTED.
Forty Able Bodied Men Wanted Immedl.
stely for Company H.

1t is desired to recruit the ranks of Co.
H, c. N. G., to the full limit. All able
bodied men desiring to enlist are request
ed to report at Co. H headquarters at
onca
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03
ATTACK BEGUN.
Fourteen WaTships Bombard
Forts at Santiago HarbOT.
SchIey Said to Have Disobeyed Or
ders-w in Dark as TO
Details-spanish Atrocities-Dis-
cussing Annexation Expedition
20 the Phiiippines-Note From All
Quarters.

POrt-au Prince, June About
o'clock yesterday afternoon an Ameri-
can squadron, composed of IA warships,
the New York displaying the flag OF
Rear Admiral Sampson. and a number
of torpedo boats, began bombardment
With heavy guns of the forts and the
harbor of Santiago. The forts of Morro
castle. La Socapa and Punta Gorda
suffered especially.
The Cannonading was persistent and
cannot have failed to be effective. II
lasted until 3:45 p. m. The town, which
is situated near the inner end Of the
harbor, escaped damage. Al $40 p. m.
the CannOnade diminished. About I
O'Clock cannon discharges were heard at
a distance, presumably at sea. continu-
ing for sometime. when the firing ceased,
The Spanish authorities maintain strict
silence as to the number of victims, VINO
were apparently numerous.
I.ater--According to advices from
Spanish source IA American warshipS
and torpedo boats We're engaged in the
combat at Santiago. careful fire was
directed against the batteries of Morro
castle until S:4j p. m, when the DIS
charges of cannon began to he heard al
sea. OFF the port. The discharges con-
tinued until o'clock and then ceased.
From the Spanish account II Is I'M
possible to judge as to the exact merits
of the encounter.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

IL mas been repeatedly stated in the
past few months that the ships of
nations at war could not pass through
the Suez Canal. That was the com
mon belief, and many people who
prided themselves on the accuracy of
their general information have been
not less confused than surprised to
find, on looking the matter up, that
they were entirely mistak IN. The
canal is as free-except for the little
detail of tolls--to the navies of every
nation and at all times as are the
waters of the open sea itself, and this
has been the case ever since 1888.
Early in that year England, France
and Turkey agreed on a convention
making the canal neutral highway,
and few months later all the powers
gave their acquiescence. The instru-
ment explicitly permits the transpor-
tation of war material and ships of war
through the canal, whether peace pre-
rails or not, and only prohibits overt
acts of hostility between or within
three miles of the termini.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

"The talk about European inter
vention in the Cuban affair and Con
tinental league against the United
States has hollow sound" declares
the New York Tribune, when Amer
lean control of food supplies is dem
onstrated so completely. America
stands in no dread of European con
cert in defense of the worm eaten
Spanish throne, when by Withholding
food supplies she could menace every
Continental State except Russia with
bread riots and starvation; nor is it
necessary for Americans to be impor-
tunate in their wooing for an Anglo
Saxon alliance. England not only
speaks the same language and reads
Shakespeare, but it also lives on
American wheat. Self-interest rather
than sentiment is the true basis of an
Anglo American alliance; i'll future
bread is more important than blood
relationship.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

Kew West. June IA prominent
Cuban here has received the following
letter from his son. who is member of
the Florida expedition which has just
landed a large supply Of supplies for the
Cubans:
Dear Father-At last we are in Cuba
lihre, in the midst Of our brave and
valiant brothers. The Spaniards oper-
ate but little in this section, and always
with disaster To their arms. Since our
arrival it has rained incessantly. and
under these rain storms we are working
like titans, having had no rest since our
arrival on the morning Of the 26th. our
cargo is the largest landed to date, not
only as concerns arms and ammunition,
nut also provisions. The moment we
landed We established communication
with the Cuban forces, and We're joined
May q by Brigadier General Feria and
his troops. Today we expect further
reinforcements.
Vegetables and fruit abound in this
zone, especially plaintains. Horses are
also plentiful, but cattle are scarce We
are told, however. that oxen are very
plentiful in CamaEuey. The Spaniards
are abandoning the loss important VII
lagos and are retiring from the sea
coast. At this place we found the forts
abandoned ana in ruins. The Spanish
general in command of the forces in this
vicinity has only 1000 or 5000 men The
natives are destitute, many not even
having clothes with which to cover their
bodies. They relate unheard of cruel
ties and atrocities of Spanish soldiers.
The native population consists princi-
pally of widows and mothers whose
husbands and sons have been massa-
cred by Spanish soldiers. heard Of one
family of II whose number was reduced
to four in one day. A few days ago a
child - years old was seized, killed and
quartered by the soldiers.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

obliged to abandon his contemplated at
tack on Holquin, province of Santiago
General Lugue of the Spanish army hay
ing thrown 10000 men into the city and
strongly fortified neighboring hills.
General MenOcal has been ordered to
proceed to Havana province and take
chief command there.
The Cuban military leaders have been
discussing the summer campaign. They
believe 5000 or 5000 men can we'll be spared
from Santiago province, where the Span
iards are entirely on the defensive, and
sent to the western part of the island.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

Key West. June lon the morning of
May y the lookout on the MINNEAPOLIS
the swiftest cruiser in the navy. saw the
Maria Dolores sneaking along the east
ern coast of Cuba. making for Santiago.
The Minneapolis instantly started for
her prey, Captain Jewell forcing her to
her utmost speed.
1t was race of a tortoise against u
hare, and the hare did not stop to pIav,
The Minneapolis gained swiftly, and as
soon as she was in easy range she sent
a shot speeding after the Spaniard. That
ended the race; the Maria gave up the
contest.
When boats crew from the Mime
apOlis boarded her she was found to be
loaded with coal. ammunition, arms and
supplies for Cervera. Had the craft
succeeded in reaching Cervera her stores
would have enabled the Spanish admiral
to replenish all his losses during his long
trip from the Cape Verde islands and his
hide and seek cruise to Curacao.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

London. June 1.-The news of the fight
ing at Santiago has revived the dwind-
ling interest in the war. 1t is suggested
that the Americans may be bombarding
the forts in order to cover the laying of
mines or the sinking of huks to block the
channel. Credence is given to the re-
port that Admiral CerVera tried to run
the blockade before the arrival of Cen
eral Skaters expedition. 1t is not be-
lieved that Commodore Schley would
venture to initiate Dewey's feat at Ma
Mia.
Everything SO far as Spain is con-
Cerned, is now held to depend on Ad-
miral Cervera's movement and unless.
as isunlikely he is able to display mas
terly skill, it is evident that the bold
strategy Of the Spaniards will only re-
suit in the destruction of their fleet in de-
tail. A second Spanish squadron could
not be prepared for months, as the YES
sells recently mentioned by the Madrid
press are all in a backward state at
Ferrol, Cadlz and Cartagena, excepting
the Numancia, the Vittoria and the Dona
Maria de Molina, which could be ready in
few weeks.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

Madrid, June 1.-THE chamber of depu-
ties has voted the law prohibiting the
expectation of silver coin. 1t is feared
the measure will fail of the effect de-
sired. The rush on the bank of Spain to
change the notes continues. The au-
thorities, however. have decided to treat
as criminal disturbers Of the peace all
persons who change the notes for pure
speculation, or to create difficulties for
the bank
The superiors of the various mission
airy orders in the Philippines have sent
message to the government complain
ing that the friars are subject to prose-
Cution and assassination through the
Vaccinations of secret societies there
and in Spain, The message further de-
clares that the triars are willing to give
their lives and property in defense of the
mother country, but that if the govern
ment is unable to protect them. they
will be forced to abandon the Philip
pines.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

the theory that the islands were in any
way essential to our success in the con-
iiict with Spain.
Senator Chandler contended that the
possession of the islands was a military
necessity. He dwelt upon the fact that
Hawaii afforded practically the only
stopping place in the dreary waste of
water between our own shores and the
Philippines. He mentioned the fact that
We now have Il. 900 tons of coal stored at
Honolulu, and said that if in view of the
existing war We should he shown any
favortism whatever the little republic
would be held to a strict accountability
by other countries. He called attention
TO the Geneva award. and said that un-
der its terms We would. by forcing Ha-
wall To violate neutrality. render that
country liable for all damage that might
be done to people of other nationalities
by ships which had stopped at the ISL
ands, wherever that damage was done.
This was a principle for which the United
States had contended, and il would he a
veritable travesty upon justice to render
this friendly and helpless power the
subject of the principle. The only
proper way out of the difficulty. he
argued was to annex the islands at once,
and thus serve our own convenience and
save them from the vengeance of other
powers.
Other speeches favorable to annexa-
ton were made by Senators Stewart and
Elkins. Senator Allison. acting chair
man of the finance committees intimated
a willingness To take up the Hawaiian
question after the passage of the war
revenue bill. Let us" said he. finish
this bill. and then if necessary take up
the Hawaiian question" He made a
plea against involving the one subject
with the other
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

San Francisco. June 1.-The next eX-
petition to tn Philippines will prob
ably include large number of regulars
1t is stated that General Merritt will
carry out his idea in this regard by Sc
leCting all the regular forces Of this de-
partment for the advance guard of the
expedition. The Third artillery. con-
ssting Of eight batteries one at San
Diego and the other seven at Fort Point.
this city expects to receive orders To
prepare for active duty in the Philin-
pines. 1t is expected that the Sixth ar
tillery, now stationed at Fort McHenry.
Md. will be brought here for coast de-
fense purposes while the Fifteenth
United States infantry, now stationed
in Arizona, will be brought here for the
Philippine expedition and their places
in Arizona filled by company of Cali
fornia volunteers.
General Merritt is having the work of
preparing the next fleet of TRANSPORTS
rushed. 1t is believed the Zalandria will
be ready to receive the troops by the end
of the present week. She is receiving
her coal and the hunks for 1000 men are
nearly finished. Bunks for 1900 men are
being fitted on the China. and she will
be ready by the middle of next week
The work of preparing the Colon is pro-
crossing rapidly. and she will be fit for
sea within a week Both the China and
the Colon will be placed under the Ameri.
can flag.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

WashingtOn June 1.-WaShingtOn was
thrown into a fever of excitement by the
reports of an enga cement off Santiago
between Commodore Schley's squadron
and the Spanish Notifications and Ger
vera's fleet, beginning at , o'clock and
ending at 4, with nothing to indicate the
extent of the damage.
The news came from various unofficial
sources and with enough apparent de-
tail to give a semblance of truth. In
more or less exaggerated form it spread
throughout the city and the military
and naval officials were soon besieged
for information.
Dispatches from Port-au-P Prince said
that IA American warships yesterday
bOmbarded the Notifications at Santa
60 and that it was believed that MORO,
Putna Gorda ana La Zocafa suffered
badly.
AS the hours wore on and no con-
firmation was received, the belief be-
came general that no battle had been
fought. The state department received
no dispatches, although the American
consul at Kingston, Louis A. Dent, is
one of the promptest news transmit
ters in the whole consular service. lie
has seen considerable service as news
paper man. and does not allow any time
to be lost in forwarding facts, although
as an official he does not aid in circulat-
ing mere rumors. In addition to this the
officials at the navy department not only
were without news, but they dsCredited
the reports, saying that they had no eX-
pectations that an engagement would
take place.
Commodore Schley's orders are to
merely hold Admiral Cervera bottled
up" until the proposed military eXpedi-
rion is landed at Santiago. The cond-
tiOns are such that he would risk every
thing and gain little by an attempt to
force the harbor. In fact the situation
at Santiago is almost exactly similar to
that which confronted the japanese in
the recent war with emma
1t is of course probable that Commo-
dore Schley might have fired upon the
fortifications to test their character and
strength and to form an accurate judg-
lnent of the force necessary to reduce
them. He may also have been fired upon
by the shore batteries and thus been
drawn into a conflict, or the Spanish fleet
may have sailed forth from its retreat
and endeavored to escape. If an en-
gagement has occurred however, it must
have been forced upon Commodore
Schley 1t is positively known that he
was not to act aggressively until the
military reinforcements from Tampa had
reached him.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

Key West. June 1.-Couriers from CUBA
yesterday brought highly encouraging
reports from General CaliXto Garcia $
army. Garcia alone it is said. has 10000
men. better equipped than ever before.
except in the matter Of clothing. and
they are in excellent spirits. Five thou
sand men occupy territory along the
northern coast near Manati. The Span
ish troops have withdrawn to Santiago,
Holquin and ManZaniIlo, and General
Garcia still has his headquarters at
Bayamo.
General Mario MenoCal has been
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

Definite Information today confirmed
reports OF the day previous. Porto Rico
will be invested by American forces, II
haste can accomplish that purpose be-
fore overtures for peace are made by the
Spanish government; and Santiago will
be occupied by a sufficient force. In
centive has been given the administra
tion's policy of occupation by the fOrtu-
nate events at Santiago. and every effort
is TO be employed 10 finish the trans
portation of the armies of occupation
before the beginning Of the dreaded
season of cyclones.
ON this account the present month
must be the period of operations. July,
August, September and the first part
of October are the months in which the
sinister tropical cyclones rage in the
southern waters. a menace to our ships.
as we'll as the thousands of men beiES
transported. II is the present plans ~
discontinue for that period as far as
possible all operations by sea requiring
transports.
1t is understood that San Juan will be
attacked by the combined fleets of
Schley and Sampson. The three hour
bombardment of that port by Sampson
revealed the strength of the fOrtifications
at that port, and the fallacy of making
any but IN attack of the most determined
kind. that the fortifcations may he
taken speedily and with minimum sacri-
flee of life and ships Encouragement is
derived from the reliable reports re-
ceived by the administration to the ef-
feet that the Spaniards have made little
attempt to repair the ravages brought
on the works by the big guns Of the Iowa
New York and other great vessels al the
time of that engagement.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

Washington, June 1.-The senate re-
mained in secret session for three hours
yesterday afternoon. The entire tir.,
was given to rather free discussion Of
the Hawaiian question based on a motion
declaring it TO be the sense of the senate
that the question of annexation should
not be discussed in open session. At the
conclusion of the debate the senate
voted not to pursue the subject further
except behind closed DOORS
Senator Lodge did mot press the sub
ject of his speech begun in open session.
after the public was excluded. but other
senators declared themselves in favor
of prompt action, the speeches of Messrs.
Chandler and Morgan being the most
pronounced in this direction. Senator
Morgan expressed the opinion that un-
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

The Illinois Central Railroad has
beaten its record, having delivered
200, 900 bales of cotton at New
Orleans during the current season os
eight months beginning September l.,
1897. The one million and FIRST bale
was presented by Stuyvesant Fish,
President of the railroad, to Colonel
H. G. Hester, Secretary of the New
Orleans Cotton Exchange, and it is to
be disposed of for the benefit of the
poor of the Crescent City.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03
NO. 4.

Key West May 3l.-Nearly 400 men.
with a pack train and a large quantity
IF arms and ammunition sailed for Guaa-
tanamo on the Plant line steamer Flori-
da on the night Of May u. These men and
the equipment constituted an expedition
able to operate Independently and to de-
fend itself against any body of Span
ish troops which might oppose it.
The expedition was under the com
mand of Colonel Jose Lacret formerly
insurgent commander in Matanzas PROV
ince. He assumed the direction of af-
fairs Immediately on the landing of the
expedition. Until then General Joaquin
Castillo was in control. In the landing
Of the expedition the United States army
was represented by Captain J. A DOrst,
and T. pmas Estrada Palama was repre-
sented by J. +. Cartaya. who has been
the landing agent Of nearly every til-
hustering expedition for more than
year. Castillo Cartaya and Dorst will
return to Key West. General Julio San
gully. on the way TO report to General
Maxine Gomez, was also on the boat.
This is the most powerful antiSpanish
expedition ever sent to Cuba. About 800
of the men are Cubans; the others are
Americans. The engineer corps Of the eX-
peditiOn is composed entirely Of Ameri-
cans, under Aurelian Ladd. and includes
experts in explosives. Three of the four
physicians with the party are Americans
The men were dressed in canvas uni
forms furnished by the United States
government and the COmmiSSary de-
partment had ratons enough to last 10
days after landing. The pack train con-
sisted of - mules and 20 horses. The eX-
petition carried 1000 rifles and 100000
rounds of ammunition for General Cal
ixto Garcia. The expedition is composed
of hardy fellows who looked fit for any
thing.
The Red Cross Relief steamer State Of
Texas. with provisions for the starving
Cubans, and which had been at anchor
in the harbOr of Key West for three
weeks also sailed for Cuba on May 2l.
The ship flies the Red Cross flag, and on
each of her black sides is painted a large
red cross
The expedition was landed on the coast
of Cuba on Thursday morning last.
When the Florida escorted by the
Gsceola. drew up close to the shore at
the place selected for the landing. she
sent scouts ashore to see if all was clear.
These scouts were greeted by Generals
Fera and Rojas, with some 1900 armed
insurgents. Consequently, far from
there being any hostile demonstration
upon the part of the Spaniards. the land
ing of the expedition was in the nature Of
a triumphal invasion. The Cubans, who
were in watching for the party, had a
brass band and welcomed the new-cOm-
crs with national airs.
The work of unloading the cargo Of
the Florida was promptly begun, and
! carried on by the 1872 men comprising the
expedition. There was nothing in the
nature of interruption until the work
was finished on the night Of Friday last,
While the cargo was being unlOaded
the Osceola. an auxiliary gunboat, with
her guns ready for action, secuted about
the vicinity. looking for an enemy. But
the Spaniards apparently had no sus-
picion of what was taking place. for not
a sign of them could be seen ashore or
ailOat.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

A large part of the literature of tue
world is becoming uninteIligible to
this generation through lack of ability
to understand quotations from the
Bible. asserts the Christis Herald.
Allusions to sayings and events which
our fathers would have understood at
a glance now signify nothing TO many
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

der the circumstances the annexation
of the Hawaiian islands was as much a
war measure as any step that could
possibly be taken, and he thought that
congress should remain in session long
enough to pass all war measures He
paid his respects to those who preferred
adjournment to remaining here to attend
to the countrys business. A large por-
ton of his speech was made in reply to
Senator White. who had antagonized
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

Weylers ambition to lead an army OF
invasion through the United States Is
probably due to the fact that he would
consider himself safer in making war
in country where civilized methods
are in vogue than in one where he has
set an example Of barbarsm which
some of his enemies might be tempted
to initiate by way of revenge
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03
Essex County Herald.

Massachusetts claims to have more
different kinds of native trees than
has any kingdom of Europe. The
number exceeds fifty, among them be-
ing nine large oaks.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

Since the war with Spain began
American audiences rise when the
national anthem is played This is
the invariable rule in European coun-
tries, and foreign visitors have ex-
pressed surprise that it was not fol-
lowed here. The custom should be
perpetuated after the war, as demon
strations of this kind foster the spirit
of patriotism, observes the New York
Mail and Express.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1898-06-03

The battleships ofmodern times are
a necessity to any great nation which
intends to maintain its rights and pro-
tect its interests, believes the Atlanta
journal, but their cost is heavy. An
outlay of something like S., 900, 900 is
required to construct and equip ship
which would take high rank in any
modern navy. After such ship is
complete the expense of maintaining
it is very heavy, This item for each
of our big battleships is now about
$1,000 day even when they do no fir
ing. The daily expenses of our navy
are now over $50, 900 day. The total
annual expenses of tirst-class battle
ship are estimated at $547, 900, divided
as follows: