davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06
PIN0REE is INDIGNANT.
Says It Takes Courage for n National
Guardsman Net to Volunteer.

Detroit. May 5.--GOvernor Pingree is
indignant at the abuse heaped on the
few men in the state camp who decline
to volunteer. He directed General Irish
TO inform the officers that this must
stop. and that if necessary he would
issue a general order against it. The
governor said it required more cour-
age for a member of the National
Guard to- ask for his discharge than to
volunteer. 1t is his idea that the war
will soon be concluded, and that the
Michigan regiment will do nothing
more serious than take holiday eXcur-
sions for a few months.
THE man who has a dependent fam
lily, mother or sister," said the COVER
nor, should stay at home and take
care Of them. He can hardly expect
to do it on S13 month. To volunteer
into the army is easy for the man, and
probably a safe and comfortable thing
for him, but it will be hard on a de-
pendent family"
The governor is. therefore, persuaded
that the really brave man is the one
who car face comrades and say he
wants TO 60 home.
Petitions for the retention of certain
regiments and protests again the divis-
ion of certain regiments are being re-
Ceived. The petitions about balance the
protests. Neither will be regarded. The
good Of the service and military regu.
latiOns also will govern. The five regi.
ments of the National Guard must bt
condensed into four regiments of vol
unteers, the forty companies now eX-
isting increased to forty-eight. Some
field and staff officers will fail of com
missions in volunteer service. A lot %
new captains and lieutenants will bt
commissioned. One regiment will bt
| broken up, probably the Fourth, as il
| no longer has a regimental organiza
| tiOp
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

group of n one-sided bargain. Every
one is to be a gamer. Nothing can be
more beneficial to the natives: they
will have everything to gain and Moth
ing t. lose Ivy our occupation Our
colonial ambition is kept within narrow
bounds. It is not by that we are actu-
ated although it is entirely legitimate
ard altogether reasonable and rational.
The political and strategical value of
Hawaii to us dominates all other con-
siderations. The opponents of anneXa-
tiun contend that the islands would
I've an incumbranCe without a fleet
powerful enough to protect them
nraist all possible contingencies in
peace or war. The argument holds
good as far as it goes, and it went a
great deal farther a few months ago
than it does now.
a fleet commensurate with our ma
tional interests, commercial and mill
tary, is a first charge on our resources
and our patriotism. We have served
our apprenticeship in naval warfare
ami torn up our indcnturcs. This fleet
will not only be competent to ensure
the safety Of Hawaii, but Hawaii is
necessary to its efficiency to guard our
commerce in the Pacific and protect
our interests in the Isthmian canal
when that is completed, rs it inevitably
viii be in the near future. Hawaii
/, the centre Of a circumference Of the
trade routes to the AsiatiC continent
and populous islands in the Pacihc;
and if the United states is to prove
equal to its opportunity it must con-
troll this center absolutely.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06


A child born on this day will be OF the
opinion that thus far Admiral Dewey s
reports of the battle at the Philippines
must have come over a Manila rope cable.
The Wilkes-Barre snake correspondents
ara becoming Indifferent to the needs Of
the hour. None of them have discovered
a Spanish spy up to the hour of going
to press.
All doubts that 1--WE are the people
seem to have been removed.
Manila harbor continues to be the OBJ
ject of interest to rubber nccks.'
a base ball nasl; would be more SER
viceable to the asplrants for the Spanish
crown for q few days.
Jim Manley has again evinced dlspo-
sition to become the Den Carlos of the
Dunning dynasty.
Aiacchus' Advice.
1t is better 20 invest money in golashes
than in straw hats this season.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

The North American Review this
month contains an article on "The In
surgent Government in cuba" by Ho-
delegation, which embodies valuable
information set forth candidly and
without exaggeration. A reading of 1t
is essential to a correct understand
ing of the Cuban problem.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06
RUSSIA IS STILL
AMERICAS FRIEND
The Talk OF Her Concern About tbs
Philippines Is Denled.

DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION
STATE THAT THE SENTIMENT
THROUGHOUT RUSSIA, OFFICIAL
AND UNOFFICIAL, is OF EXTREME
CORDIALITY TOWARD THE UNIT
ED STATES-THE FEELING PRE-
Walls EVEN AMONG THE PEAS
ANTRY OF THE COUNTRY.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

In view Of the fact that Spain sowcd
the wind for half a dozen centuries
her present whirlwind seems long
overdue.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

There will be some vigorous waving
Of the bloody shirt down South from
now on. but it won't offend the North
erners a bit.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

General Lee will be accompanied by
several friends
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

The street commissioners depart
ment, like the Spanish navy, seems to
be overburdened with admirals.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

Events have certainly proved the
economy of our navy's once seemingly
expensive gunnery practice.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

What Spain needs is less pride and
more public instruction.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

Weyler as dictator Of Spain would
suit Uncle Sam to II. lie wouldn't
be permitted to dictate very long,
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

Published Daily, Except SUNDAY, by tho
Tribune Publishing Company, at FIFTY Cents
a Month.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

Between this day and June large de-
velopments are possible.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06
GOLDSNLITH'S o. BAZAAR.
FRIDAY
BARGA1N DAY AS USUAL

Mill Ends at
Nerchandse
At aH Cen-,ooo yards of TwGled Crash Toweing.
AT Cens-1o,ooo yards the brightest andb Lawns
grounds
wide Peles
Cen6ooo Srsuckrs
of English ,lightcol
Cents Ladies' Jersey Ribbed all
dozen Ladies' Taheta withr ruHe
pieces Novelty Dress and dwoom
Cents TwoT Suiings,
pieces of Fancy Goods
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06
TOLD BY THE STARS.
Daily Horoscope Dawn by Ajacch us
The Tribune AstroIoger.
A.


Astrolabe Cast: SAB a. m, for Friday,
May ., 1858.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

New York ONCE: $50 Nassau ST.,
SIS NREEbAN
Sole Agent for Foreign Advertising.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

1t is better 20 invest money in golash
than in straw hats this season.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1898-05-06

INTTNED Ar THE roSroFFICE AT sCRANToN'
PA, As sECoND-CLAss MAIL MATTER.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
LOT OF ROUTINE BUSINESS AT
MORNING SESSION.
One Bowler Suit ismissed-Nida Ap-
peal Dismissed-Parker Case Con-
tinued

Upon stipulation filed today pro-
ceedings in the assumpsit matter of
John f. Bowler vs.. w. 5. Luce and j.
NJ. Monsarrat have been stayed until
February ], 1899, and judgment, by
confession, entered for the plaintiff
for S172.5O
In the case of the Republic VS.. Will
lie Vida, assault and battery. appeal
was dismissed by Judge Perry this
morning on account of the failure OF
defendant to appear in court.
The matter of Nancy X. Eldredge
VS.. Samuel Parker was continued to
next term. This is an action on con-
tract. Exceptions TO continuances
were noted by Mr.. Sillman, attorney
for plaintiff.
In the matter of the Republic VS..
Daniel Masino, assault and battery,
mol. pros. was entered by the attorney
general
G.. Wainee, charged with assault and
battery, was fined 500 and costs.
Quong Cheong was fined 800 and
costs for having opium unlawfully in
possession.
The case of Kalau VS.. Eva Planta-
ton Company. trespass, has been con-
tinued to the next term of court
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
MISS O'NEIL's REPERTOIRE.

Nance O'Neil and the Mckee Ran
kin Company will arrive tomorrow,
and open their season on Thursday
night.
This is the repertoire::
Thursday, November 10-Magda.
Saturday matinee, November 12-
Camille.
Saturday night, November 12-In-
gomar.
Tuesday evening, November Is
The Magistrate.
Thursday evening, November II
Leah.
Saturday matinee, November 80
East Lynne.
Saturday evening, November 10
Oliver Twist.
Tuesday, November 22-Dollars and
Sense.
Thursday, November 24-Elizabeth.
Saturday matinee, November 90
True TO Life.
Saturday evening, November 90
The Danites.
Monday, November 2s, last perform
ance-Led Astray.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
TYPHOID ON THE ARIZONA
MALIGNANT CASE DEVELOPS THIS
MORNING.
Three Other Suspicious Cases-Gener-
al King siclf.-vessel viii Remain
at Anchor Outside for Three Days.

The Arizona left the Pacific Mail
wharf yesterday afternoon at 1
o'clock with the Camp Otis troops, bag
and baggage, and General King and
staff aboard She sailed out of the
channel and anchored outside where
she will remain at least three days to
see whether any cases of typhoid or
other serious diseases will develop
from the infection it is feared the
men have been exposed to in the
camp.
This morning proved the wisdom of
this plan. One case of malignant ty-
phoid fever developed, and three cas-
es of high fever the exact nature of
which has not yet been determined.
The typhoid patient will be brought
ashore some time today and the other
three patients as well, unless they
show decided signs of improvement.
The promptness with which typhoid
has developed aboard causes the very
gravest apprehension among the thou
sand men about to start on a twenty
days voyage through tropical seas.
General King is himself a very sicl;
man. He is confined to his state room
He has had fever, and while his condi,
tion is not considered serious he is
suffering a great deal.
No one from the vessel will be al
lowed ashore, except on imperative
duty, while she remains at anchor,
for this probationary period.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
ON THE DEATH OF BAILIFF CAPT.
f. W. FEHLBEHR.
Resolutions Passed an Adjournment
Taken for the Day-Crepe in Court
Chamber.

The circuit court adjourned at noon
today out of respect to the memory
of the late Captain f. w. Fehlbehr.
Crepe is draped over the stand of the
bailiff in the court room and business
is at a standstill The matter was
brought to the attention of the court
by the following communication
The undersigned, officers of the
court, respectfully submit the follow
ing to this honorable body:
ut having pleased God to remove
by death the late Captain Frederick
Wilhelm Fehlbehr, for many years
bailiff of the supreme court and of
this court, whose career has been one
of honesty and upright character,
while serving the Hawaiian govern
ment as a police officer;
"Be 1t Resolved. That this court,
through the clerk, convey by letter its
deepest sympathy to the widow and
other relatives of the deceased
"Resolved, That the marshal be re-
spectfully requested to send a delega-
tion of his police officers to attend the
funeral of their late comrade: and be
it further
"Resolved. That these resolutions be
entered of record in the archives of
this court"
Henry Smith, clerk: George Lucas.
first deputy clerk: ]. A. Thompson,
second deputy clerk; Albert McGurn,
bailiff.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
BENEFIT OF PEERAGE.

Everyone may not know what the
term benefit of peerage" implies. A
peer can demand a private audience
of the sovereign to represent his views
on matters of public welfare. For
treason or felony he can demand to
be tried by his peers; he cannot be
outlawed in any civil action, nor can
he be arrested unless for an indict-
able offense, and he is exempt from
serving on iuries. He may sit with
his hat on in courts of justice, and
should he be liable to the last penalty
of the law, he can demand silken
cord instead of a hempen rope.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
M PRRESR and BISHOP THE COURT TAKES ACTION HOW 70 RUN An ELECTION CIRCUIT COURT MATTERS
AN OBJECT LESSON Is BEING
GIVEN.
First American Election on Hawaiian
Soil-Kansas Gives Complete Dem
onstration of the Science.

The first American election on Ha-
waiian soil is being held today. The
elections in three states may be af-
fected by the votes cast in Honolulu
today.
Local patriots who feel the STRINGS
of ambition to control politics in the
Islands, if any there be, ought to have
been at the Irmgard wharf this morn
ing. The kansans gave an object les
son in How to run an election" There
was political oratory, the ruling from
the chair that settled the whole busi-
ness, the protest from the losing side
on the legal aspect of the controver-
sy. few broken states, and then sew
eral hours of warm electioneering and
heated political argument.
The two battalions were mustered
on the wharf right after breakfast.
Colonel Funston made a speech I'm
which he said this was a civil and not
a military proceeding; they were all
on level, and shoulder straps and
chevrons didn't count. The subse-
quent proceedings proved he was
right; shoulder straps and chevrons
didn't count. The colonel called the
meeting to order and Sergeant b. ].
Mitchell of the quartermaster's de-
partment and Sergeant Teft of Com
pany f, Republican and Populist,
were nominated for chairman. Nit
chell was chosen 1t Is a Republican
regiment. Then there was a long de-
bate as to whether there were three
parties to be represented on the board
of judges or only two, the Democrats
and Populists having nominated the
same state officers. The Democrats
and Populists each claimed the right
of representation. On their behalf the
latest election law was cited. The
chairman fortified his political prefer
ences by pointing out that this voting
was to be done under a law passed
during the civil war and ruled that
there were but two parties to be rep
resented, the Republicans and Fusion.
| lists. \ protest in writing was filed
| by Captain Christy. Then the states
were broken. The commissioned Off
GERS, it is said, had slate for the
| board of election to put through. The
shoulder straps didn't count. The
enlisted men rose in the power of tn 1ir
numbers and elected Sergeant Hop
kins and Corporal Hook, Republicans
and Sergeant Simpson, Populist, as
| judges, and Private Steele, Republi-
can, and Sergeant Long, Democrat, as
| clerks.
A table on the wharf supported the
ballot box and voting began at once.
Out of the 500 men there are about
$50 or 500 entitled to vote. The others
lack age or residence qualifications.
| The polls will not close till 6 o'clock.
| The political statisticians and election
result forecasters, give Stanley, the
| Republican candidate for governor,
about 300 votes, and Leedy, the Fusion
candidate, $50 to 175. 4 full state
congressional and Legislative and coun.
ty ticket is being voted.
On the Arizona, the Pennsylvanians
are voting. and out at Camp Mckinley
the New Workers are registering theil
preferences between Teddy Roosevelt
and Van Wyck.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
AMERICAN MESSENGER SERVICE,
Masonic Temple. Telephone 444.
POINTS OF MERIT.

Strong, durable, easy running,
simple in attachments, all the result
of constant study for many years, of
men who have made a life study of
perfecting the Singer sewing ma
chine.
With few equals it has no superior,
and is sold as low as any other first
class sewing machine. Buy Singer
and you take no chances. If you
doubt our word ask your neighbor
who has been using a Singer for the
past ten or twenty years. For sale
by b. Bergerson, agent, Bethel street.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
POLICE COURT.

In Judge WilcoX's court this morn
ing Lai Sut was fined $50 for having
opium in possession.
Charles Winter paid $3 for assault
and battery on Paul Maninii.
Kamauoha was taxed $5 for cruelty
to animals.
The haole and native who had a fist
mill on the grounds of the Judiciary
building Saturday night We're fined Sc
each for prize fighting.
The Ed Aldrich forgery case is be-
ing heard by Judge Wilcox this af-
ternOOn
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
STOCK EXCHANGE.

A block of 25 shares of Hawaiian
Sugar was sold on the Exchange this
morning at 157h.
Bids were made of 115 for Kahullu,
15S for Oahu, 10 for Olowalu and 100
for Hawaiian government bonds.
Asking prices were: American Su-
gar 105, Eva 235, Hawaiian Sugar 100,
Honomu 305, Honokaa no, Kahuku
$50, Kipahulu 40, Oahu 1865. Ookala 90,
Olowalu 120, Pacific Sugar 235, Pepee-
keo 210, Waimea 115, Inter-Island 145,
Hawaiian Electric 205.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
BOYS ARE GRATEFUL.
Camp Otis. November 7. 1

Camp OTIS, November Z, 1S9S.
Editor Star: Sir-Will you please
give us space in your paper to express
our sincere thanks to the people of
Honolulu. Their kindness to us since
our stay in your city shall never be
forgotten. To Mr.. and Mrs. A. f.
WeiricS, our thanks are especially due.
Caring for number of our boys while
sick and in other ways we shared their
kind hospitality. They shall always
occupy warm place in our hearts.
CO. A. FIRST NEBRASKA VOLUN-
TEER INFANTRY.
Per HERBERT WALSH.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
MARRIED AT LAHAINA.

The marriage of l.. NJ. Vettlesen and
Miss Lucy Hayselden took place in
Lahaina according to announcement,
at 1880 last evening. Rev. Alex. Mack
intosh ofiiciated. Miss Ella Dayton
attended the bride and Walter Haysel-
den was best man. After the ceremo-
ny a reception was given at the resi-
dence of the brides parents. Dancing
was kept up until the arrival of the
Mauna Loa at o'clock this morning.
The bridal party returned by that
steamer to the city this afternoon.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
DREYFUS CASE.
Generals Who May be Prosecuted I'M
der Penal Code.

PARIS, October 2S.-The demand
made today before the court of cas-
sation by Prosecutor General Manau,
that not only should the unjustly con-
demned be righted, but that the gull
ty punished, has maddened the anti
Dreyfusites and caused panic among
the high heads of the army.
The use of Colonel Henry's forgery
renders two eX-ministers of war, Mer-
cier and Boisdetfre, and two generals,
Come and lie PeillieuX, in addition to
Patty du Clam, liable to prosecution
under the penal code.
Paris is in suspense, waiting to see
whether the court will accede to NJ.
Manau's demand for the prosecution
of the guilty parties.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
THE TENNESSEEANS
Prove Themselves an Orderly Set of
Soldiers.

Up to this writing the Tennesseeans
have not eaten up anybody, and, on
the other hand, contrary to the hopes
of some, have acted the part of perfect
gentlemen in the streets. The mem
bers of the regiment about town yes
terday afternoon and last evening
were as sober as judges and spent the
time looking over the sights. Today
more of them are ashore.
The Tennesseeans, officers and men,
express themselves as delighted with
Honolulu. The climate, they say, is
just about what they like, and the
scenery quite eclipses anything in
the south, even Florida. 1t is Il no.
table fact that the Tennesseeans have
taken most kindly to the natives. The
native policemen on the streets have
also been drawn favorably toward
the jolly young fellows.
There are three darkies in the Ten
nessee regiment. They tell the sto-
ry of the troubles of the regiment at
San Francisco just as the other men
do. One of them was mixed up in the
chase of Thomas the negro with which
parts of three regiments had trouble.
From statements on both sides
sides there seems to be some bad
blood between the New Workers and
Tennesseeans, but it is believed that
this is confined to "A few men only,
Last night members of the two regi-
ments had dinner together and were
around together to late hour.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
BOYS IN BLUE.
New Workers Leave for Hilo-Tennes-
seeanS March in Parade.

The town was filled with martial
music and the steady tramp of NOV
ing soldiery this morning. Two COM
panies of the New York regiment with
the band in heavy marching order and
accompanied by four wagon loads of
equipment, came in from camp to go
on the Kinau to Hilo. There were 1S9
men in the detachment, mostly from
Companies l. and NJ.
The Tennessee regiment, Colonel
Smith commanding, came ashore
about 10:30 this morning for a march
and drill. Headed by the band the
column proceeded up Fort street to
Hotel. out to Miller and to the base
ball grounds. The movements in the
manual of arms in town and the drill
on the outskirts were very pretty.
The southerners were the recipients
of many compliments.
President Dole reviewed them in
front of the Executive building just
before noon. The chief executive was
accompanied by his cabinet, Major
Potter and Captain Paul Smith.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
HOW MISS PUNAHOU WAS CALL
ED BACK.

"Hello, Jack! l saw you and Miss
Punahou together last evening"
"Yes, we have made it all up, and
must thank Mrs. Napthaly, the milli-
ner in the Love building, for it, She
has just received some new hats from
the states in time for the Nance O'Neil
season. I bought one of her latest
matinee hats, sent it to Miss p, and
you will see us at every matinee of the
season. Doesn't that beat your peace
protocols?"
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
SMALLPOX IN QUARANTINE.

The appearance of a case of small
poX on quarantine island causes no
alarm in town. The board of health
has a thorough command of the sit
uation. DR.. Day is treating the pa
tient and is also directing a strict
quarantine to prevent the spread of
the disease to other patients or to the
town. The case in quarantine is that
of a japanese who contracted the dis
ease from the man put ashore at No-
kohama
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
FRESH IMPORTS.

BY the S. S. Australia, Camarinos re-
ceived cherries, rhubarb, asparagus,
celery, caulifower, fresh salmon,
crabs, founders, oysters lin tins and
shell apples, grapes figs, lemons,
Burbank potatoes, pure olive oil, dried
fruit, new crop of nuts, raisins, etc.
California Fruit Market, King Street.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
OPEN TO CONVICTION.

Anyone who is open to conviction
as regards the merits of different
makes of bicycles are requested to
call at our salesrooms and allow us
to explain why the STERLING is the
best wheel on earth. Pacific Cycle
and Manufacturing Company, agents.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
VERY SPECIAL

If you want to replenish your stock
of towels, bedspreads and sheeting no
better opportunity ever presented it.
self. Sachs Dry Goods Co. have
thrown out for sale at very special
prices their entire stock. just look
it over.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
LABRADOR LIBEL.

The schooner Labrador libel case
was before Judge Stanley this morn
ing. Marshal Brown submitted the
testimony of the japanese cook as
given in the criminal proceedings
against the crew. The court took the
matter under advisement
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1898-11-08
CORPORAL WHEELER.

1t has been decided to return the
remains of Corporal Wheeler, the
young man who died at the military
hospital Sunday night, to New York.
For that reason the funeral will not
be held until short time before the
Moana sails. The casket will be taken
directly from the church to the srea-