davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10
Part Played i'm War By Uncle Sanls rlarines

fame upon the immortal pages OF his
tory in their brilliant work under the
intrepid daredevil of the sea. John
Paul Jones. in the famous battle be-
tween the Ranger and Drake. In this
Sangulnary engagement three-fourths
OF the formers marine guard, includ-
ing its brave commander Lieutenant
Wallingford, who fell fighting side by
side with the foremost of his men,
We're numbered among the slain, while
not single man of the remaining
fourth came out of the fight unscathed.
ct the battle was won. In the subse-
quent duel between the Bon Homne
Richard and the Scraps, the marines,
numbering 120 rank and file. COM
manded by Lieutenant Colonel Stack,
and two lieutenants, were the first 20
reach the decks of the latter, where
they fought like demons until the
British flag was struck.
In our brief war with Tripoli in 1903
the marines did not fail to maintain
their reputation for valorousness. and
in the Philadelphia's attack upon the
Tripolitan gunbOats, on Aug. 3 of that
year they rendered most gallant SER
vices. During this encounter Lieuten-
ant Trip Of the marines. became sep
arated from his men. and was assailed
by a number of fierce Turks. who
would undoubtedly have hacked him to
pieces with their scimetars had not
sergeant dashed into their midst and
passed his bayonet through the body
of the foremost of his leaders assail-
ants.
But the most momentous exploit on
the part of the marine corps in their
oriental campaign was during the IA
nous march of General Eaton from
Alexandria TO Derne, a distance of SO
miles through the enemy'S country, on
which occasion Lieutenant O'Bannon
small detachment of his
men on camels, and. REINFORCED by a
number of Arabs and Greeks, tempo
rarily in the United States service,
made an attack upon the principal for
tifications of Derne, which he carried
by storm, capturing the battery, and /
turning the guns upon the flying horde
IF Mohammedans. Thus, for the first
time, was the stars and stripes planted |
upon a citadel of the eastern hemi- |
sphere, and to this day the banners of |
the marine corps are emblazoned with |
he brief, but significant inscription, |
'Tripoli.'
In the second war with Great Britain |
he service of the corps was charac- |
eriZed by great activity and many |
noteworthy achievements. In the bat
lie between the Constitution and the
Tuerriere. the first officer on board the /
ormer to fall was Lieutenant Bush,
Engaged at the head of his guard in
epelling boarders, who, but for the
stubborn resistance on the part of the
marines would have overrun the yes
el, and possibly have turned the tide
# the splendid victory which fell to the
american flag. The bloodiest naval en-
;agement of this war was between the
shannon and Chesapeake, and, when
he smoke of battle cleared away, it
developed that the marine guard of the
american ship had been literally cut
o pieces, the officer in command, Lieu
enant Brown, and II of his men hav-
ng been killed outright, and 20 others
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10

mencing at 1880 o'clock with one bell
and continuing till ( o'clock eight bells)
when the system is repeated. From
o'clock in the afternoon till g. and from
to s. the watches are of only two
hours duration. and are called dog
watches. This is done TO break the reg
ular routine and prevent one watch
standing the greater part of the night
duty. In port from to Il men are kept
on deck at night. These are called the
anchor watch.
Everything having been put in run
ming order. coal taken on board from
lighters. alongside or from the dock. and
the ship ready TO go TO sea, she casts
OF from the navy yard wharf and pro-
ceeds to the-powdsr magazine. which is
always situated some distance from the
yard. There she takes on her ammuni-
ton. which is thu last act in the outfit
ting of a war vessel. A ship is not per-
mitted by the navy regulations to come
to yard or station with her ammunition
in her magazines.
She is now fully equipped with her
complement of officers and crew and
ready to go at a moments notice wher-
ever she may be ordered by the authori-
ties in Washington
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10
An Exceedingly Important
Branch of the Ameri-
can Navy.

Z tween the cabin and the forecastle.'-
which definition is amply supported by
/. the responsibilities with which they are
] lntrusted- a marine sentry is always
/. on duty at the door or at the head of
the companionway leading to the COM
manders quarters. while that dignitary
is on board, and the gangways over the
sides OF the vessel are DerDetually
guarded by them. When at sea a sentry
is kept constantly on post at the life
buoys, and at the lifeboat's falls. They
also keep strict surveillance over all
prisoners. guard the magazines,
arm racks and Scuttiebutts, as
SlSt the masteT-at-arIns in pre-
serving order among the crew, prevent
gambling and other immoral practices,
and stand ready at all times to sup
port the commanding officer in main
talning discipline throughout the ship.
But the requirements of the finished
n arine do not terminate with ordinary
police duties. Before he has been long
in the service he has mastered the in
tricacies Of the various signal codes.
and frequently is intrusted with the
transmission of important messages
from one vessel to another, he becomes
asst master of the rules of naval, mil
itary and civil etiquette. and takes part
in the most imposing. Of ceremonies per-
tanning thereto He can manipulate a
GatllnS or other rapld-ure' gun with the
same facility as a quarter gunner of
the old school. and is familiar with the
gearing of the vessel from stem to
stern, and from truck to keelson. He
is, in short. a paragon of miscellaneous
accomplishments.
But ii is in action that the true mer-
its OF the marine are asserted in their
fullest degree. To him are assigned the
most stuDendouS tasks. wherein his
bravery and fortitude are tested 10 their
uttermost- One moment he is ordered
into the tops to act as a sharDshOoter,
ia reaching which station be must pass
through hailstOrm of bullets and pro-
Jectiles from the enemys guns, and in
another IS called back 10 the deck.
where he fills a vacancy in some shat
tered gun division. Others on board
may have the comparative good for
tune TO be assigned to the powder di-
vision or other stations below the water
line, but the marines duties invariably
draw them into the thickest of the
fight. Now leading the crew as they
scale the enemy's bulwarks. on the
bayonets, or, if forced back, rallying
about their commander on the quarter
Geck-the first to enter the small boats
when an attacking party is ordered
away, AMI last To leave the ship when
her condition necessitates her aban-
can wonder at the lau-
rels won by the marines in bygOne wars
and the unfading transcendency OF
their fame Jose de Olivares, in st.
Louis Globe Democrat.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10
HerOiSm In the Past, and
Duties In the Pres
ent.

In view of the intense interest which
at this critical period is being mani
tested in the various divisions of the
army and navy, it is remarkable that
little or no attention has been directed
to the picturesque body of men con-
shutting one of the most important
and attractive branches of the COM
bined service and known as the United
States marine corps. Taking into con-
sideration its peerless efficiency and
illustrious record on both land and
sea, this contingent of warriors, how
ever small in numbers, is undoubtedly
entitled TO one of the foremost places
on the nations roll of honor The
origin of the marine corps of this gov
eminent antecedes the organization of
the regular navy, having been created
by the continental congress New 10,
1I45, which august body on that date
adopted the following act:
Resolved, That two battalions of
marines be raised, consisting of one
colonel, two lieutenant colonies, two
majors and other officers, as usual in
other regiments: that they consist of
an equal number Of privates with
other battaliOns; that particular care
be taken that no persons be appointed
tc officers or enlisted into said bat
talfonS but such as are good seamen,
or so acquainted with maratime af-
fairs as TO be able to serve for and
during the present war between Great
Britain and the colonies, unless dis
missed by order of congress; that they
be distinguished by the names of the
First and Second battalions of Ameri- |
can Marines"
Little did those patriot statesmen
reckon that in the passage of this
modest bill they were establishing the
nucleus of an organization which |
throughout the succeeding years would |
attract the wonderment of the world /
and reflect upon its country imperish- /
able glory because of its gallant deeds. /
While yet in its primary stage of de- |
velopment the marine corps was called |
upon to perform it's first duty in de-
Tense of the newly constituted govern
ment and to il is accredited the first /
memorable engagement which took
place in the spring of 1777, on the
Island of New Province, one of the
Bahamas, a detachment of marines 300
strong attached to the squadron of
Commodore Hopkins, and commanded
ny Major Nichols. assailed the British
forces IN their Notifications on the
island. and after a fierce hand-to-hand
rnCguuer routed the enemy, captur-
the entire defenses, including a
miner uf cannon and a quantity of
Ig:aunitiOn and other stores. Follow
'ns closely upon this initial triumph
he marines again registered their
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10

The oldest Of sciences is probably as
trology. No other can boast of such an
illustrious list of names among its be-
levers and opponents. 1t was the favor
its study among the Egyptian priests in
the days of Pharaoh and Rameses; We
are told that Moses taught and professed
il. independently of the gift of prophecy.
Solomon did not consider himself too wise
TO learn from the astrologists, and David
owed his escape from Saul, at the time
when the latter was coming TO besiege
q III in keilal to their advice. The magi.
pr wise men. of the Persians, were as
-rslogers. and the remarkable future the
science foretOld for the youthful MahOmet
which was fully realiZed) made 1t a re-
hgiOus institution among the followers of
the prophet of Mecca.
So much for the past of aStroiogy. Most
persons no doubt believe that it is today
an obsolete science. Such is not the case.
There are al present in New York City
nearly a dozen astrOlogers. soOthsayers,
star readers or horoscope casters, as they
VariOusly elect TO call themselves. There
ara others scattered about in various
parts of the country, and altogether. the
professions seems to be in a flourishing
and prosperous condition. II certainly is
not without its devotees. The headquart-
ers of the best known New York astrol-
oyer is located in one of the Park Row
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10

has, since its organization, fiuctuated
81 eatly, not in any sense according To
the extent of its usefulness TO the gov
eminent. but through the influence of
various legislators. Two years subse-
qCent to the late war, congress, in con-
sideration of its undoubted value as an
arm of the national defenseS, passed
an act increasing its quota to 3.7i7 Of
f1cers and men, promoting its COM
handing officer To the rank of briga-
der general, but in 1874 another act re-
duced the number to its former aggre-
gate OF 1000. and its chief back TO the
grade Of colonel commandant. upon
which basis it is maintained at the
present day
The corps is now commanded by Col
onel Commandant Charles Haywood. an
officer of rare martial attachments and
ability. and one we'll worthy of a higher
rank than that to which he is at pres
ent restricted. Commissioned as second
lieutenant in 1858. he has passed
through all the various grades up TO his
present station, having served with dis
tinctiOn throughout the civil war. dur
ing which time he repeatedly received
honorable mention for exemplary con-
duct. and after his promotion to cap
tain in 1861, was successfully breveted
major ard lieutenant colonel for dis
tinguished gallantry in the presence of
the enemy"
The marine corps partakes, in many
features. of both the army and navy.
being an adjunct of the former from
the academy of which its officers are
supplied, while upon military plane it
is entirely distinct therefrom. cOmbin-
ing somewhat the elements and appear
aRce of both the artillery ana infantry
service. The term of enlistment and
pay are same as in the regular army.
while the uniform, although bearing a
great similarity thereto. is richer and
more varied, the dress uniform OF a pri-
vate marine, with its epauletes and
in crimson, orange and gold !
bearing much resemblance to that of a
staff officer OF the army. The princi- (
pal distinguishing marks are the device |
worn on the front of the cap. and, in |
some instances, on the belt plate, being /
of metal, and representing d hemis
phere resting upon an anchor and sur
mounted by an eagle. belts of white /
leather and the chevrons of the nom /
officers, which are of or /
ange on scarlet background, and worn /
inverted on the sleeves. The regula- !
tons governing the corps stipulate that I
three out of the five years enlistment /
shall be served on board sea-gOing yes
sells. the balance of the term to be spent /
at the barracks set apart for its accom- /
mediation at the various navy yards.
The number Of marines attached TO
each vessel of the navy is regulated ac-
cCrding to their respective classes and .
The stations to which they are assigned.
the smaller gunbOats generally being
allowed a detachment of Il privates,
Inder a sergeant. While cruisers and
rate guards consisting of
from 80 to 10 Drivates. commanded by
L CAPTAIN or lieutenant. Their duties
IN shipbOard, while involving many
"details of a routine nature, are withal
If a profoundly important character
An eminent writer once relevantly
them as the bulwark be-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10

was not an officer or man among them
who was not either killed or wounded.
During the long interval of years be-
tween the close Of the war of 1872 and
the breaking out of the rebellion many
interesting events in the history of the
marine corps transpired, but these,
with numerous others. by reason of in
adequate space, must reluctantly be
passed over. Throughout the latter
war, however, the marines acquitted
themselves with such distinction that
not to recount a few of the most note
worthy of their exploits would be
gross injustice to the organization. At
the disastrous battle of Bull Run a bat
TALON consisting of $50 marines, the
majority of whom were recruits, under
Major Reynolds, acted as a support Of
GrifIin's battery, and were among the
last to leave the field, having suffered
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10
How to Look Good.

Good looks are really more than skin
deep. depending entirely on a healthy
condition of all the vital organs. If
the liver is inactive. you have a bilious
lock; if your stomach is disordered. you
have a dysDeptic look; If your kidneys
are affected. you have a pinched look
Secure good health. and you will surely
have good looks. Electric Bitters'' is
a good Alternative and Tonic. Acts di-
rectly on the stomach, liver and kid
neys, purifies the. blood, cures pimples,
blotches and boils, and gives a good
complexion. Every bottle. guaranteed.
Sold at H. c. NJ. l. drug store; soc per
hottie.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10

while passing the Vicksburg batteries,
and a few months later at Port HUI
ron, the guard, distributed among the
Hartford. Monongahela. Mississippi and
Richmond. was all but annihilated. IN
one instance single shot having swept
away the entire crewof marines at
one of the latter's guns.
In September of 1868 a company of 100
privates, commanded by Captain Cav
ley and six subordinate officers of the
corps, volunteered TO assist in the
night attack upon Fort Sumter, in
which assault a lieutenant and so of
their number were. lost. The historical
fight between the Alabama and the
Kearsarge, off the coast of France,
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10

desperately wounded In the great bat
tie of Lake Erie the marine corps was
again conspicuous by the great NOR
tally among its members. sustaining
the loss of Lieutenant Brooks Of the
Lawrence and IS of his men, who num-
bered but % all told
On land the conduct of the marines
was equally brilliant. and upon one oc-
casion, at the battle of Bladensburg,
after the militia, under General Winder.
had been forced from the field a small
detachment of their number, assisted
by the sailors of Commodore Barney's
command. stood off the entire British
force, scorning to retreat and refus-
ing to surrender until at length there
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10
A MARINE DRILL ON THE CRUISER NEW YORK

and carried out the undertaking in The
face of almost certain destruction. AS
it was, two out of five of the boats, to-
gether with their occupants, never re-
turned to the ship. This devotion to
duty called forth the warmest COM
mendation. not only from their officers,
but from the entire population of the
loyal states.
In the brilliant operations of Farra-
CUTS fleet on the lower Mississippi.
none fought more CALAMITY than the
marines, and at the capture of New
Orleans the first to enter the city were
250 of their number, under command
of Captain ]. L. Broome, his battalion
keeping the turbulent populace in sub
lection until Butler arrived with his
troops. The following month a detail
from this same battalion served the
broadside guns on board the Hartford
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10

a loss of nine killed-one of whom was
Lieutenant Hitchcock-19 wounded and
is missing. In the attack of the con-
federate ram Merrimac upon the Union
fleet the marines sustained heavy
loss, nine having been killed on board
the Cumberland by the first shot. while
on the Congress the entire guard was
wiped out of existence. During the
progress of this terrific battle the ma
rines of the Minnesota, st. Lawrence
and Roanoke displayed great heroism,
those of the former having besought
their superior officers to allow them to
go to the relief of their perishing COM
rades. and having received the desired
permission, manned the small boats
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10
THE WAR POET.
A Few illusions Inspired By the
Situation.

Washington Post: When Repres anta-
tive Jerry Simpson, of Kansas. was max
ing his speech in the house the other day
on the comparative merits of torpedo
boats and battleships, members whose
seats adjoin his were digesting the fol-
lowing bit of poetry. which appeared in
western newspaper and subsequently
came TO Mr.. Simpsons attention:
The new protected cruiser cruised upon
the ocean wide.
Till a man-of-war espied her and punched
holes into her side.
And the man-of-war continued for a little
while to float,
Till driven to the bottom by a new tor
pedo boat.
Then while the foe triumphant rubbed his
HAY and softly laughed.
Torpedo Doat destroyers came and sunk
the other craft.
And as the victor dashed about. through
battles smoke and murk
DeStroyers of torpedo boat destroyers did
their work.
Whereas into the action something new
in vessels came
"Destroyers of destroyers of destroyers"
was its name.
Which brings the matter down to date
where it will rest no doubt
Until some ten-times wrecker of destroy
erS ventures out.
9 @
The poetic passion. dominated by the
Easter season. is by no means confined
to topics on which Representative Jerry
Simpson, of Kansas. chooses to talk.
Senator'S and representatives of all par
ties are not only flooded with kilograms
for peace or war. but likewise with con-
coctions in war verse. Senator james
II. Kyle, of South Dakota. has con-
stituent on the broad Drairies of that
state. who has forwarded him "A COM
position on The Old Veterans Dream,
which starts of in this form:
Then sound the good old bugle. boys
wen don the blue again.
And buckle on the armor that for many
wears has lain
In psacefulness and quiet boys. for old
glory must remain
Untarnished and unsullied by the treach-
cry of Spain.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10

was opened by the marines. VINO com
prised the crew of the formers fore
castle rifle gun. with which they in
hicted great injury to the enemy's YES
sci.
The largest number of United States
marines assembled at one time in ac-
ton was witnessed during the two at
lacks on Fort Fisher toward the close
of the war, when. together with the
sailors of the Union fleet, they formed
an assaultins column 1,400 strong. and
in the fierce fighting which ensued lost
a lieutenant and 80 privaies.
Many expressions of gratitude and
appreciation have from time to time
been rendered the marines, congress.
on 10 different occasions, having passed
joint resolutions thanking or commend
ing them for their invaluable services.
The complement of the marine corps
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10
GOING Unto COMMISSION. f"
The Exact Meaning of This Current
Naval Phrase.

There has been much talk of late about
putting vessels Of the navy Into commits
sion" The fun meaning of the term is
something of which few have any ade-
quate conception. To put a modern war
ship into commission involves an enor-
nous amount of work. which can be fully
appreciated only by one who has observed
the process from beginning to end.
When vessel of ,ae navy Is laid lID I'm
reserve. or in ordinary as it Is called,
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10

care of the provisions which are issued
TO him for forced marches. He eats
them all at once or throws them away
on account of their weight. and at the
end of a long days march he is hun
cry, with nothing to appease his hun
ger. Then come the trouble. He does
not reason: he grumbles and expects
TO be supplied with more.
In Quitting an army other things
must be looked to besides the men,
Horses and mules for carting. artillery
and transport service have to be sup
piled and trained. \ cavalry horse
differs in weight and general character
from one which is to serve with the
artillery. and as much knowledge is re
quired in choosing animals for military
service as in selecting men.
MEDICAL SUPPLIES.
Medical officers also have to be COM
missiOned and instructed in the pc
culiar duties which Will devOlve upon
them. and supplies of drugs. medicines,
hospital equipment and tents must be
arranged for Where many new and
unseasoned men are gathered there is
sure TO be more or less call for the
services OF a doctor. All that pertains
to the medical department of the army
is under the charge of the surgeon gem
eral The drugs are all supplied by
contract.
Soldiers expect to be paid. no matter
how much they are fired by patriotism,
so the paymaSter general and the Of
fcerS of his department must, through
requisitiOn on the treasurer of the
United States, see that the private
soldier receives his S13 every month.
In short. every department and every
officer fulfils certain duties. and il is
on the prompt and accurate adjust
ment of all the wheels of the compile
Gated machine that it goes and per-
forms the duties for which it was
created.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10
CONFERENCE INDUCEMENTS.
pecial Rates By Oregon Short Line.

For the sixty-eighth annual conference
of the Mormon church, Salt Lake CITY.
April to 10, from all points on the Ore
gon Short Line. Selling dates from near
points April to 10, limit April IS:
from farther points, April 4 to 3. limit
April Is. For particulars see Oregon
Short Line agents.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1898-04-10
New Line of Ladies' Suits

lust in at Auerbach's, including
some very stylish novelties. One of
a kind only.