The San Francisco call., 1898-08-21

months before the battle or Waterloo. He studied law at the uni versailles of Goettingen and Berlin, and was subsequently, elected member of the United Diet and became one of the chief orators of the Junkers, or Con- servative party. His first experience in diplomacy was in 1851, when he was sent to Frankfort as first Secretary of Legation, with the title of privy coun- selor to the Prussian Embassy. It was here that he conceived the idea that Prussia could not fulfill its political mission in Germany until Austria had been expelled from the Bund. In 1859 he was sent as Ambassador to St. Petersburg, and before going he made a visit to Paris for amusement. For a short time in 1862 he represented Prussia at Paris.
 But Bismarck's policy was reaction ary from the beginning, and it con- tinued to give great offense to Sle Lib- erals. He had tolerance neither for individuals nor parliaments that op- posed his views. In October, 1862, he dissolved the chamber (the majority of which voted against his measures) and declared that the Ministry would gov ern on their own responsibility. In 1864 Prussia, with the aid of Austria, con- quered Sleswick and Holstein from Den mark. and in August, 1865, signed the treaty of Gastein in relation to those duchies. Bismarck wanted to annex Sleswick and Holstein to Prussia, but could not obtain the consent of Aus tria. The long rivalry between these two powers was now brought to a crisis A majority of the German Bund having voted for Austria, Prus- sia seeded from the Bund and formed an alliance with the King of Italy. In June, 1866, war was declared. The Prussian armies immediately occupied Hanover and Saxony, and advancing into Bohemia, they encountered the Austrian army near Sadowa on the 3d of July and gained a victory so de cisive that the Emperor of Austria forthwith made overtures of peace; and a treaty of peace was signed in August. 1866, by which Austria was ex cluded from the German Bund. Han over, Electoral Hesse Holstein and other small states were annexed to Prussia. Bismarck then negotiated se- cret treaties of offensive and defensive alliance with Bavaria, Baden and Wur- temberg, which were made public in April 1867, and by which the King of Prussia was made the commander of the armies of said states. This brief and momentous war, which united nearly all of Germany, made Prussia one of the great powers of Europe, overshadowing great state like France and arousing the jealousy of Napoleon III.
 In 1867 Count Bismarck organized the North German Confederation, compris- ing some twenty-two States with 8 population of some 2900O,O00. and in the same year became the foreign minister of this great alliance. In the Franco Prussian war of 1870-71 Bismarck ac- companied King William through the campaign, and dictated the terms of peace at Paris, which were ratified by the assembly then sitting at Bordeaux. Thus he succeeded in organizing all the German states into one compact fed eration, and in January, 1871, he had the supreme satisfaction of seeing his old King crowned Emperor of Germany in the Palace of the French Kings at Versailles. The same month his mas ter appointed him Chancellor of the German Empire, and in the following March he was raised to the rank of Prince.
 Bismarck presided over a congress of the great powers at Berlin, in 1878, at which a treaty of peace between Rus sia and Turkey was signed. He held the Chancellorship with undiminished grip, running roughshod over Parlia- nents, and generally doing as he will ed till 1890. when the young Emperor with a jealous eye for his own new-made shadow began to curtal the iron giants official prerogatives, and Bis marck stepped outside before his official house fell in. He was succeeded by Won Capriyi. Occasionally he has growled from his eminent retirement. and the world has always deferentially listened.
 Whatever of praise or censure is rem dered to Bismarck by contemporaries. his commanding parsonage and achievements in map-changing are Of common knowledge. Here are some of the leading estimates of his character and life work offered to the world since he passed away:
 teBy common consent Bismarck's was the master mind. of Europe. In that constructive capacity which Is the