davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

SHOULD BE MADE CAPITAL.

Another dastardly attempt was made
last week to wreck a train on one of orr
great Western hunk lines. The villain
who attempts deed of this kind shows
utter Disregard to the lives and safety of
his fellow beings. All crime is abhor.
rent to good people and the criminal is
the enemy to good government. There
are degrees of the same crime as we'll as
many kinds of crime. A murderer NAV
be particularly cruel and remorseless in
the commission of his deed, but there may
be paliating features even about his
crime. Motive comes in as great factor
in every crime, but there are some crimes
that puzzle one to understand what could
prom pt..a man to commit them. 10 this
class belongs the crime of train wreck
ing Mere greed of money will not suffice
as an explanation, when there are hun
dreds OF ways more certain and which
promise larger returns and less risk
Every now and then we have instances of
the wrecking Of train, where motive
would seem to pe wholly lacking, and
only hellish and devilish desire Of de-
struction to life and property enters into
the deed
AS individual cases of a perverted soul
these are bad enough. But they may
be but surface Indications that show a
serious situation of affairs underneath.
If the modern train wrecker should be
taken to represent type or condition
of society in it's many phases, then there
is something very serious the matter.
Let us hope, however, that such is not
the truth, but that these are but sporadic
cases of crimnology that have mo greater
Significance than individual depravity;
for it Is far easier to deal with n criminal
element that acts from motives and pur-
pose than with ~ class that is criminal
from utter inability to be anything else
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

Ever since the respecting of the Dreyfus
scandal we have watched the European
ispatches, confident that what..we wei e
looking for would eventually leak out. 1t
has come. There was a woman in tie
case. A London cablegram Processes 10
have found much new information on
this subject, and among it the fact that
Dreyfus had confidei state secrets to a
woman, and that it was she who divulged
them to the Russian government
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

Tue recent meeting of the two Saliva
ton Army leaders shows formality
rarely exhibited between father aud son,
and resembles full dress rehearsal for
some star performance. AS ''lesson in
Christian charity it is dismal failure,
but when they agree to keep their contro-
versies out Of the newspapers, they be-
come an object lesson which n distracted
country would be glad to see Fitzsim-
mons and Corbett adopt for a IL odel
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
Wonders Never Cease.

No one need suffer the torturcs of
rheumatism, because that modern lini-
mcnt, Salvation Oil, positively cures it.
Il was great sufferer from sciatic
rheumatism, and the best of doctors
attended me without relief. / COM
mcnced using Salvation Oil, and two
bottles helped me wonderfully. 1t
certainly has worked wonders with me.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
BREAKFAST, 25 cents; dinner, 25 cents
supper 20 cents. Meal tickets, "a. T.
j. Catogni's restaurant.

During the past two years, Mrs. i. W.
41nieNander, wife of the editor of the
mnSnesooro Miss Times, has, in n great
u, NY, instances. relieved her baby when
ch e"r mrSt Stages CT Group ny giving it
upon this remedy as a household Mo- go
SHY ana believes that no better medicine
mas ever heen put in bottles. There are
many thousands of mothers in this broad
.and' who are of the same opinion. Ills
me only remedy that can ALWAYS he de-
pended upon as preventive and cure for
Group. The 20 and so cent bottles are for
s sa;e oy IL. {, 9. Barnes Helbuts up Pre-
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
We Sell
All Kinds
Of Properties

We are very cnieful to see that Won pe,
baesains. While You re busily eno,ced
at your occupation we aie also hard a,
k,ssou,aa here. land there hunting bar.
gains,ssa..few Of. which Observation-Disclosures.
Splendid Groom home, Wheat street
near Brown Bros. store, good stable
other outdoor buildings. worth 50 0o0'
We now offer ut only s1,2OO; $500 cash :.
balance $1O per month. .s,-. =, sss asj -
Sroom brick house, Campbell overna
$1,000; 500 cash; $50 per month. ,.s -
Splendid 4-rocm cottage Rorer nvenua
8. w.. large lot, beautiful! shade. gooI
location, just reduced from 5000 to S5oS
Sao cash; balance 10 per month
2 we'll built Groom houses, Fourth ayo-
nue. n, w. near Melrose school: worth
Si,sOO; will sell fol- $3.50 each; $50 cash.
S-room residence, Tazewell ayenuo
C.. newly painted and in good repair
$500; si5 cash; Sl2. 5O..per month.
Lots any where and any price. -
The ABOVE is only a partial LIST of xbat
we have to offer: il you have decided ~
put your rent money for 1898 into n
nome call to see us and we can ger any
lhihR you want in the shape of a home.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
NORFOLK TITLES INVALIDD.

Norfolk, Jan. 90 Tie decisioIhe
supreme court in the important of
Townsend VS.. Outten, involvinyut
one-fourth of the property in Braion
Ward of this city, invalidates st5O
titles, many. OF which, were helder
warranty deeds. The suit involpne
$500, OCO and about fifteen acres md.
Among holders of the invalidatfles
are churches and other institutRnd
many prominent citizens.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
LABORER INSTANTLY KILLEI

Petersburg, Jan. 22.-Coleman Je
colored, employed in the picking r
of the Spani h Peanut Com pany. on
corner of Lombard and Second str
was instantly killed this morning. !,
was caught between the betting ~
and before the machinery could he
ped his skull had been fractured ans
neck and leg broken.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
WILL BE RELEASED

- Baltimore, Jan 22.-Mrs. Mary Lucy
eord' of Richmond, succeeded TODAY in
securing AN order from Judge Dobler
whlch VIII release her from Mount aone.
where she has been confined .or some time
ON ON the ground that she Is insane. Cen.
' Eugar Alien, counsel for the family, de
slreu mat Mrs Ford be brought into
cuurt, put she refused to come. Further
p.oreeuihSs VII! probably be instituted
at Towson on Monday.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

The tilt between Speaker Reel and
Leader Bailey which occurred in the
House last Thursday was beautiful IL
lustration of euphemism A question of
veracity between these two gentlem n
arose, but everything that was said was
couched in the choicest parliamentary
phrnseology, which, while it 'eft..neither in
the dark rs to the meaning intended to
be conveyed, at the same time preser, ed
the dignity both of time and place.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
WILL OF DR.. WILLIS.

Richmond. Jan. 22.-The will of DR..
Francis j. Willis, who died here few
days ago. leaving II fortune of $375, 900,
was probated to-day. His grandson. Ed :
ward j. Willis, is left n life interest in
%25O.O00, with the entire residuary inter
est after paying other bequests Four
Georgia relatives are left $4,000 each i;
the town of Washington, Ga, $4,000,
and the Mary Willis library, of Washing.
ton, $4,000
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

About all we see concerning the Ohio
bribery case is that the committee CT in
vestigation met and adjourned. We may
expect few meetings of this sort on the
part of this committee and then final
adjournment, with the report that they
find themselves unable to proceed with
the inquiry and ask TO be relieved from
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
YOUNG GIRLS SAD DEATT

Berryville, Va Jan. 22-Miss b
Hulver, daughter OF Mr. John Hr,
who lives near Gaylord, Clark cy,
died this evening of blood poisoniner
terrible suffering Miss Hulvcr y;ly
10 years OF age and an unusually y,
attractive girl. About Two weeks in
passing an open fi,e, her skirt ne
ignited and she was severely burnem
her breast down. blood poisoningw-
ing
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

One Of our Western cities is considering
curfew ordinance that curfews them
all. The proposed ordinance not only re-
dnires all children to be off the streets at
p. M, but also requires all men to be
at home by 10 p. M. We strongly sus-
pect that the wives in that city have been
doing some municipal lobbying. for an
ordinance of this sort even to be consid-
cred.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

further duty. No one has supposed for
an instant that Hanna would not know
how to cover up his tracks and even if he
should have failed tod so. we have lot
heard that the purchase of his senatorial
toga has left him bankrupt.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

The achievement of modern science
that enables men to live considerable
time without stomach, finds parallel
in the number of people we meet every
dav who have succeeded in living life
time without brains.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

We notice that certain Mr.. Cash in
one of our sister cities has just opened a
store. There are three Cash boys, and if
there is anything at all in name, the
new store ought to thrive
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

DR.. Cady's Condition p ale just
what u horse needs whend condi-
ton. Tonic, blood purd vermi-
fuge. They are not foomedicine
and the best in use to put ia prime
condition. Price 25c pe0e. "S
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
ELLIS BROS, ID Jefferson Street.
NATI~ EXCHIGE BANK BUILDING

a subject, "The Beginning, or Vagrancl
of the Devil" Young Peoples Christie
Union in the lecture room ut 6;30 p. ~
Sunday school at 9:45 T. NJ, NJ. l.. Anvil
SUPERINTENDENT
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

The Business Onicc of The Times closes ut
6 u. m. After Tint hour uny business can nc
transacted on the third floor of The Times
building.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

W. X. ANDREWS e. CO. Salem
avenue, have had years of elce in
the coal and wood business. know
what is required in the bus They
have the largest and mogenient
yafd in the city. They harry va
riety of coal sold in the City have
more shed room and keep teams
than any other dealer in tn They
have polite and accommoddrivers,
and deliver promptly CO. wood,
nice and dry, from their e.e sheds.
Their teams are all belled.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

The suicide wave continues to roll on,
engulfing new victims every day.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
FOR Sal

a scholarship in the n Busir ess
College of Roanoke. ~ at the
Times Office.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
HOUSEHOLD GODS.

The ancient Greeks believed that the
penates were the gods who attended to
the welfare and prosperity of the family
They were worshipped as household gods
in every home. The household god of to-
day is Dr. Kings New Discovery. For
consumption. coughs. colds and for all
affections of throat, chest and lungs it
is invaluable. 1t has been tried for
quarter of century and is guaranteed
to Cure, or money returned. No house
hold should be without this good angel.
It's pleasant to take and II safe and sure
remedy for old and young. Free trial
bottles at Massie's Pharmacy. Regular
size 50c and 81.
Malaga grapes-large bunckes and
clusters at j. j. CATOGNp3.
We pride ourselves on keeping the
BEST of everything in our line and in
making prompt delivery Look out for
the belled teams. w. X. ANDREWS
s. CO., COAL AND WOOD DEAL
RS, 30 Salem avenue
Zee cream, all havors. leave your or
ders at j. i. CATOGNI'S.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
HOW,S THIS,

We offer one hundred dCllariar'
for any case of Catarrh that C bt
cured hy Halls Catarrh Cure.
f. j. CHENEY 81 co. Props. 7, O.
We the undersigned, have ! Il
j. Cheney for the last Is years, he
lieve him perfectly honorable irbus
mess transactions an6 linanciaie &c
carry out any obligation madaheir
firm.
West & Trusx, Wholesale sists,
Toledo, o. Waldinu, Kinnanrvin,
wholesale druggists, Toledo. {
Halls Catarrh Cure is takeraally,
acting directly upon the bloc mu-
cous surfaces of the system. 75c
per bottle. Sold by all drugs les
timonials Tree.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

Malaga grapes-large bunckes AM
clusters at j. j CATOGNr;.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
CataFYh,

which very often comes from a
chronic affection of the circula-
ton, is q constant offense to
ones self and all his friends.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

ice cream, all havors. leave your or
ders at j. i. CATOGNTS.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

sreaktast 25 cents; s5 cents;
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

q most offensive and uncomfort-
able affection of the skin, also
due to impure blood.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
Rheun9 atiSm,

which all authorities now attri-
butte to various ncidities in the
blood, which this great blood
purifier OF the age, Hoods Sar-
sapariiIa, corrects.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23

which so disfigure the skin, and
make the human face divine
anything but thing of beauty,
but which are Natures adver-
tisement Of foul blood.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1898-01-23
Salt Rheuna,

torment to the flesh, a dis
bgurement to the body, and a
drain on the system, also due
to vitiated blood.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-05-29

The New York had left the fleet far be-
hind and was speeding toward Key West
with the Vesuvius as consort. As the sun
was going down a sail was sighted. With
foam swishing from her bow, the flagship
steamed toward the strange sail.
She was rapidly oyertaben and proved to
be the bark Varonica. Arundel (Norwe-
siam from Apalachioola to Queenstown,
with lumber. The vessel was not detained.
All advices coming in from the south
coast of Cuba show conclusively that the
harbor of Santiago de Cuba has been pa
trolled with a vigilance equal to that
shown by the bloskading squadron since
the Spanish announcement that Admiral
Cervera's squadron was there, and If that
announcement was true. it is impossible
that he should have escaped.
Another ship of the feet, which arrived
tonight from off Cienfuegos, reports that
Commodore Schley was moving thence TO
the eastward when she left Tuesday night,
and all are convinced that Commodore
Schley now has the enemy hemmed in and
only awaits a favorable opportunity to
give him battle.
The latest arrival declares also that the.
report of an attack by the Marblehead on
the Cienfuegos batteries in concert with
a rear invasion by insurgents is absolutely
without foundation.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-05-29
DEWEY SHORT OF SUPPLIES.
Admiral Needs Both Ammunition and
Provisions.

Hong Kong, May 2s.-There is absolutely
no truth in the report that the United
States cruiser Baltimore, now at Manila,
has been damaged by an external explo-
sion
The United States auxiliary cruiser "a
fro, which arrived here at midnight yes
terday, reports that Rear Admiral Dewey
is short of provisions and ammunition.
The Cavite-Manila cable, it is said, was
cut by the Americans on May %.
A brush between the insurgents and the
Spanish occurred near Cavite on May 20.
The entire American feet is at Cavite.
The report that some of the American
ships had sailed for IlioIo where the
Spanish gunboat El Cano is supposed TO
be, is Incorrect
Aguinaldo, the insurgent leader, is with
the insurgents between the Americans and
the Spaniards.
The inceudiary fires continue
The priests and nuns at Manila have
been removed from the latter place to La
guna.
All the coast towns are reported to be
held by Spanish troops.
The Americans are repairing the slip at
Cavite.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-05-29
CRUISER HARVARD AT KINGSTON.
Powerful American Squadron Lying
OF SantiagO.

Kingston, Jamaica, May 2s, II a. m.-The
American auxiliary cruiser Harvard, while
steaming at fun speed for Port Royal, was
boarded by pilot twenty miles out at s
o'clock this morning. After stopping a few
minutes at Port Royal, the cruiser pro
oeeded to this port.
Capt Cotton received the correspondent
Of the Associated Press on board. He said
the Harvard left Mole st. Nicholas on
Thursday, came down the Windward Pass
age, skirted the Cuban coast and Joined
the American squadron at Santiago dc
Cuba
AS she was short of coal and water she
sailed for Kingston, bringing Clerk Pro-
val of the consulate here, who, on the AS
sociated Press dispatch boat Dandy, car.
rled dispatches 10 the feet from Port Ma
ria on Thursday.
Some Of the American vessels at Santia-
80 de Cuba were the Brooklyn the Massa-
chusetts, the Texas, the Minneapolis, the
Marblehead, the Vixen and the Yale.
Tho Harvard says the Associated Press
dispatch boat Dandy joined the squadron
OF Santiago de Cuba on Thursday.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-05-29
CLAIM A VICTORY AT cAvITE.
Spanish Forces Reported to Have RE-
captured the Point.

Madrid, May %. 7 p. m.-Perslstent ru-
mors are In circulation that the govern
ment has received very favorable news,
but is waiting for confirmation before
making it's advices public.
A rumor was current on the bourse to-
day that the Spaniards had recaptured Ca
vite gained credence In view of the fact
that Gen. Blanco telegraphed from Ha-
yana to Lieut.. Gen Correa, the minister Of
war congratulating him on the Spanish
victory in the philippines.
In the Chamber to-day, I'm reply to ques-
tions on the subject, Senor Romero Giron,
minister for the colonies, said the govern
ment had received favorable news from
the Philippines, and added that official dis
patches announced that all was well in
Cuba and Porto Rico.
Senor Sagasta, the premier, on leaving
the Chamber this afternoon, said tor a
group Of reporters that the Cadiz squadron
had put TO sea to carry out maneuvers, but
would return to Cadiz.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-05-29
SCORPION FROM THE SCENE.
Officers of the Boat Sure Admiral
Cervera Is bottled Up.


Copyright, 1898, by the Associated Press.
Key West, Fla, May 2S.-Admiral Ger
vera is imprisoned at Santiago de Cuba.
Advices to this effect were brought here
this afternoon by an auxiliary gunboat,
which arrived from Cienfuegos, presum-
ably with dispatches for Washington.
Last Sunday the Scorpion left Cienfue-
gos and proceeded eastward on scout duty,
going as far as Santiago de Cuba.
Five of The auxiliary ships were then
lying off there, apparently awaiting the
arrival of the main division of the squad
ron.
After an uneventful trip the Scorpion
returned to C4enfuegos, but found that
Commodore schey had gone, having left
orders for her to return to Key West.
The officers Of the gunboat, when ques-
toned as to Admiral Cervera's where
abouts, expressed no doubts of his pres
ence at Santiago de Cuba.
All was reported quiet along the south
coast Of CUBA up TO the time of her depart
ure, and nothing was known of the Mar
bleheads rumored attack on the Cienfue-
gos blockhouse.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-05-29
IN TOUCH WITH THE CUBANs.
Perfect system OF Communication
Now Established.

Correspondence of the Associated Press,
Copyright, 1898, by the Associated Press:
Key West, Fla, May 4-The system OF
communication between the United states
government and the insurgents has been
so well established that the Cuban forces
are working in perfect harmony with those
of this country Messengers pass between
the insurgents and the United States ves-
sells every day. Yesterday Ernesto Cas-
tro' arrived on the Annapolis with news
from Matanzas province, and this morning
Alfredo Lima was brought in by the TIE.
cumseh and Manuel Jova, from Eastern
Cuba, by the Wampatuck.
In spite OF ali that has been said in dis
paragement of the usefulness of the lnsur-
gents as alias the government considers
the outside there shall be q corresponding
movement In the interior. When the Amer
lean troops land Il viii be with Cuban
guides; when they move inland they will
be met by the veterans of Gems. Garcia
and Gomez. The war department Is es-
tablishing a complete understanding
with the insurgents and conveying arms to
them. There is no real difficulty in the
way Of landing small bodies Of men on the
Cuban coast at night. The shore, except
a "A few points, is not so well guarded as
it was year ago.
Practically all the warshlps are out.
even the monitors, except the Terror The
hospital boat Solace Is still here.
News of a great battle is expected with
In a few days
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-05-29
MIGHT TRY TO ENTER SANTIAGO.
French Paper specuIates on samp-
sons Possible Course.

sons Possible Course.
Paris May 22-The Gaulois says 'It Is
quite probable that Commodore schley or
Admiral Sampson viii try to force the bay
of Santiago, risking all upon the attempt,
for the passage Is q l4sS1 dangerous oper-
alton on account Of the narrowness of the
channel and the torpedoes that protect the
entrance
This hypothesis is confirmed by dis
patch from Havana announcing that the
American ships were being concentrated in
front of GUANTANAMO and other ports near
Santiago, as well as before Santiago it
self
THE attack Of the American feet upon
the Spanish squadron is the only way Of
Fastening the conclusion of the war. 1t is
useless TO think that the Spanish ships Will
leave the bay. They have adopted the
only tactics that can be favorable for
them, namely, to avoid a combat, in the
hope that fortune may assist them.
Nevertheless, If Admiral Sampson does
not try to cut out the Spanish squadron
in the Bay of Santiago he may adopt a
plan perhaps more disastrous for Spain
He might leave Commodore Schley's cruis-
ers before Santiago and 80 with his mon
itors TO lombard the principal Cuban ports
What would Cervera do In that case?'
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-05-29
ADULA AT KINGSTON.
American Fleet Had Gone When She
Left CieDfuegos.


Copyright, 1893 by the Associated Press.
Kingston, Jamaica, May Is, 1890 p. m.--
The Adula arrived from Cienfuegos this
morning with eighty-dve refugees, includ-
ing several prominent and wealthy per-
sons.
Capt. Walker reports that on going into
Cfenfuegos on Monday he saw five Ameri-
can warshps-the Iowa, Massachusetts,.
BROOKLYN, Castine and 1ndiana-but all
we're gone when he came out on Thursday
The Adula was detained four days by
the Spanish authorities for a reason not
specified, but It Is supposed she was held
because she had one man aboard who
was not on the ships articles. She was
released without any penalty being impos-
ed.
The blockade Of Cionfuegos has evident-
ly been abandoned temporarily; and the
Spaniards In the city are elated over this
fact. but fear that the American ships
have concentrated TO destroy the Spanish
fleet.
The food condition in Cienfuegos, accord
ing TO Capt. Walker, Is apparently the
same as on previous visits. The Adula
brought mail. The Spanish consul here has
given up trying 10 search letters for con-
traband war dispatches.
small Spanish gun boat maintained an
ofIicious watch upon the Adula during her
stay at Cienfuegos
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1898-05-29
wAnsHIPs OFF TREsPAssEY.
Nationality of the Vessels Not Made
Out From shore.

st. Johns N. f., May 28-The telegraph
operator at Trespassey, shortly after 7
o'clock tonight, wired as follows: Three
strange vessels, apparently warships, have
been maneuvering off here since o'clock.
1.-TWO Of them are large steamers, ap-
parently cruisers, and the third is a small
er sR REl, probably a torpedo boat de-
strold room
"ThS--atter IS within a couple Of miles OF
shore. apparently keeping in neutral wa
ters. The others are two miles further of
ddnging smaller craft,
The l9cf4 Magistrate at Trespassey tele-
graDiled later that three steamers were
piainly vlfible off there to-day He gave a
Furnished 10 the first dispatch.
The idan uty of the vessels can only be
comic otlucd, as the weather this afternoon
was ufifayorable for accurate observation.