The Arizona sentinel., 1897-06-05

Tucson and Phoenix. The first is near the sea level; is the warmest and probably the driest of the three, has the least population, and the smallest provision for visitors
 Tucson is the oldest town in the Territory, and, after Santa Fe, perhaps the oldest in the Southwest. It's adobe houses give it Mexican look, and are thoroughly comfort able. It's newer houses are of handsome building stone, found in the vicinity. The Territorial University is here, and it was formerly the capital. Its elevation being more than double that of Phoenix, 1t is somewhat cooler, and as there is next to no irrigation near it, the air is a little drier. Phoenix is the centre of the greatest irriga- tion in the Territory. The country for miles around smiles with green fields, cover ed with almost countless herds of cattle, and it is everywhere shut i'll by low mount aims. It is the Territorial capital, has the Government Indian School the Territorial Lunatis Asylum, and other institutions, and is the general focus for the Territory. Like Tucson, it has its occasional wind and sand storms perhaps not quite so often. At either place visitors who know how to adapt themselves to circumstances can be entirely comfortable, and in each they will find an intelligent, orderly, enterprising and most hospitable community. They will find country full of mines, full of rich agricultural lands, abounding ill cattle and horses, in vineyards and orchards and the beginnings of very successful orange groves "a country, in fact, as full of promise for hardy and adventurous men now as Califor- nia was in the:ffties. Above all, it has countries, they will revel in the luxury of being in their own iand, among their own countrymen, within easy reach of their friends by telegraph or rail, and in a climate as good of it's kind as any in the world.
 LANDS AND SOILS.
 Tke lands of Yuma County comprise the river bottoms and valleys and the uplands or mesas The bottom ands moister and slightly fertile if, indeed, it is possible to make comparisons here all are so wonderfully productive and prolific The upands or mcsas are warmer and, perhaps,
 lightly for better the cultivation of the citrus fruits Yuma contains variety of soil The valley land of the Gila and Colorado rivers have for the most part deep seGmentary soil of brownish, gray sandy lohm, resting, in most places, upon a gray l clay suhsoi at depth of from ten to twenty feet below the surface The clay srLsoil fCr1ns hard pan which is impervious to water. These soils have been slowly formed by the decomposition of shales, sandstohes, marls. limestones, etc., mixed with ganic and vegetable matter, washed down by the mighty rivers and have been gradually deposited during the course of centuries. The fertil;zing brownish mud held in the wat ,iof the Colorado ! and Gila rivers resembles that from the Nile, and its quantity varies from O.1 to O5 per cent, l though the water when even considerably discolor- ed by mud is good to drink resembling in this res- pect tks Missour river water. chemical analysis of the sod plepts Of the Colorado and ot the Nile exhibits wonderful similarity iN the constituent ports c: each. That CT the Colorado exhibiting a trife less potassa, most phosphorc acid and car bOnade of limestone beds through which the Colo radc pasS's Tn other respects t> sediment of the C1Cr91o is aln,Csy Identical with that Of ths Nile
 tt will pe noticed, thercfo.c Sh. rhen this water is used sor irrigation it is superior artcsian waters since it is constantly supplying the land with the richest fertilzng elcments The soil of the valleys is extremely rich in dedomposed vegetable matter and uncombined carbon, readily absorbing the aerial gases, such especially, oxygen, which en- tering the soil decomposes the organic matters so that they can be taken up and nourish the plants which may De considered leading feature in it's fertility. It also readily takes up and retains moisture while the frmness of it's particles affords every facility for percolation and the activity of capillary action. In ts mechanical composition its particles are in state of very fine division which renders it more productive than coarser soils It acquires heat readily in the daytime and the loss of the heat at night is very gradual, that it mains always warm and is not subject to sudden changes of heat and cold Besides it's essential stituents of water, organic or vegetable matter, sand and clay, chemical analysis shows that lime soda, magnesa, iron, ammonia and available forms of nitrogen, phesphoric acid and potash enter into composition in the proportions best adapted to add to it's fertility though of course is always the in soil analysis its composition varies in different localities and is not always constant.
 The soi o the uplands mesas, lighter and more grsvelly and in some places of lree, 1oamy, calcareous character. The mesa lands are warm and generous. They seem especially adapted for the grape, olive and citrus fruits generally Their soil contains more magnesia, lime chalk than tho bottom lands It never cracks and retains moisture admirably in summer. It is of that character which will produce wine that will keep good for fifty a hundred years, and improve annually, not being liable to sour, exposure to the air, after one old. to become turbid and change color the bottle or glass.
 We safely say that the soil of Yuma County nowhere be surpassed, containing as it does all the essential elements of richness and fertility.
 NOTICE TO CREDITORS.