davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-03-04
WAGES IN EUROPE.
A Comparison with the Figures Paid
in America.

in America.
The recent annual report of the Massa-
cbusetts bureau of statistics of labor con-
tains a careful comparison of wages and
prices here and abroad. Chief Wadlin
ascertains that during the period 1860
1883 wages were 15.4 per cent higher in
Massachusetts, than in Great Britain, and
the general average weekly wage is now
II per cent higher.
As to the items entering into the cost of
living, they were on the average only 17.2D
per cent higher i'm 1888 in Massachusetts
than in Great Britain-and of his figures
II. 40 per cent was due to the single item
of higher rents, leaving only 5.S1 ms the
higher average cost of food, clothing and
other necessaries.
OF course, the Massachusetts workman
spends more money than his English cou-
sin-he can afford to. He earns 75.4 per
cent more. He expends 11.49 per cent
more because of his higher rent, and 5.S1
per cent more on account of the higher
cost of certain necessaries Of life. Then
beyond this, as Chief Wadlin's figures
show. he expends voluntarily 31.12 per
cent TO maintain that higher standard of
American living generally which Is re-
fiected in his higher rent. The Massachu-
sets workman, native or naturalized.
demands larger house and more con-
veniences than he or his ancestors were
satisfied with In the ''old country" IL is
this which makes his rent larger item,
and he demands other things to CORE
spond.
Altogether. the Massachusetts, work
man expends 4S.41 per cent more for the
support of his family than the English
workman. But as the Massachusetts
workman earns 1874 per cent more. he can
do this-he can provide a better home and
longer schooling for his children, and still
lay up larger proportion of his wages
against the inevitable "rainy day."
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-03-04

Some Interesting Fscts Bearing on
the Cues Of the Use Of silver.

Some Interesting Fscts Bearing on
the Question Of the Use of silver.
There il an intimate, although indirect,
connection between the question Of estab-
fishing a bimetallic monetary standard by
International agreement, and the immense
increase, during recent years, in the
worlds production of gold. If the annual
output Of gold has reached such figure.
and in increasing ut such a percentage as
10 afford virtual guarantee that the
worlds commerce does not require, for
its satisfactory handling, greater use of
silver than now exists, then the neces-
sity or probability of an international
agreement In behalf Of silver is very re-
mote. Now let us study the question of
the increase in the worlds supply of gold.
The Engineering and Mining Journal, a
most excellent, though of course not an
official authority upon the subject, gives
the following figures as representing the
gold production for 1895 and 1896:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-03-04
BRYAN AS SPEEChMAkER.
The States in Which He Spoke Voted
Against Him.

To the credit of American intelligence
it may be said that wherever Bryan per-
sonally expounded the false doctrines of
free silver and reputation, just there the
election returns demonstrated his greatest
weakness. 1t may be claimed by his ad
mirers that but for Bryan's oratory his
defeat would have been even yet more
disastrous. How could it well have been
more emphatic than the following figures
show? Let us exhibit the result in the
eighteen decisive Mckinley States only:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-03-04

These great majorities. so uniform from
East to West, are unprecedented in Amer
lean politics. They carried with them
seventeen more votes than the required
majority of 224. In all these States the
vote was free. full and honestly counted.
There is but little comfort for the Bryan
ties in these figures. And nowhere in the
column does ii appear that the change
of a few votes would have reversed the
result."-New York Sun.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-03-04
MORE WORK AND BETTER WAGES
Encouraging Figures for the Work
inRmen of the Country.

Labor agitntors constantly assert that
the number Of employed is decreasing and
that wages are growing lower. The statis-
tics of the United States census Office
from 1870 to 1890 disprovc these asser-
tons. showing a constant increase both
in the number of persons employed and
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-03-04
FREE TRADE AT HOME.
The Greatest "Frec Trade" Field IL
Furnished by Our Own States.


There is a ripple of pleasurable and sur
prsed excitement at present among the
lonely devotees of the markets of the
world fetish concerning the tremendous"
increase in the export of American manu-
featured goods. 1t is estimated that these
exports will reach this year the "unpar-
alleled total of $500. 100000. 1t was last
year $22S. 1870, SOB, as against $1S', 595, ~ 43
in 1895. The percentage of manufactured
products in all exports rose from 21.14 to
26.47 per cent between the years 1894
and 1896. The fiscal year ending June 30
is. of course. contemplated in all these
statements. These are large figures when
printed by themselves. They always are
printed by themselves in journals which
see in them the long looked for opening
of the markets of the world. But they
shrnk-they shrink piteously-when ar
rayed beside those of the value of the
total manufactured products of the coun-
try in prosperous year. thus:
Eetiua tpd manufactured
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-03-04

OF these lynchings. 112 were in South
ern States and ten in Southern territories.
leaving nine for all other parts of the
country. The greatest number of lynch
ings in any year of the last decade was
30 in 1892, so that the returns show u
gratifying decrease of the crime.-Cin-
cinnati Commercial Tribune.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-03-04
Leaving as home mar

ket absorption. .xS. I4O. OOO.OOO
Our concern with the markets of the
world is seen to be considerably less than
3 per cent of our concern with the mar
kets of ourselves in this which was once
well called by William Mckinley the
greatest free trade system extant, the in
ternal commerce of forty-five States and
five territories.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-03-04

Be deaf to the suggestions of tale
bearers. calumniators, pick-thanks or
malevolent detractors. who, while great
men sleep, sow the tares OF discord
and division. distract the tranquility
OF charity and all friendly society.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-03-04
- - ----------------
lYNCHiNG NEGROES.
The Southern Newspapers Are Crit
| icieing the Custom.

icieing the Custom.
Ii is gratifying to note that all the lead
ing papers of the South-the best and most
influential papers-have taken up seri-
Gus and vigorous discussion of lynching,
its causes and effects. Some time ago the
Chicago Tribune printed table of its
own compiling which showed the follow
ing lynchiups for 1Sgf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
PROGRESS on THE TARIFF,
The Senate Completed Consideration
of the Free List.

or the Free List.
The Senate made giant strides on the
tariff bill yesterday afternoon, covering
ffty-six pages and establishing a record for
progress during this tariff debate. The last
two schedules of the dutiable list, covering
paper and manufactured sundrics were
completed with the exception of the para
graphs on hides, gloves, coal and some
lesser articles. This advanced the Senate
to the free list, which was completed in
three hours. Early in the day the wool and
silk schedules went over, with an agree
ment that wool would be taken I'D TODAY.
After that, the tobacco schedule, the reci-
procity provisions and the internal revenue
portions of the bill, as well as the MANY
Isolated paragraphs passed over remain to
be considered The progress yesterday was
SO marked, however, that for the first time
there was a feeling that the end was not
far off.
There was little debate yesterday. the
main topics of discussion being matches
and fuses. On the latter item an amend
ment by Mr.. Pettigrew reducing the rate
TO ~ per cent, came within one vote of
passing against the protest of the finance
committee, the vote being a tie-24 to ~
While the free list was under considera
ton, Mr.. Bacon (Ga) gave notice of an
amendment placing cotton ties on the free
list, and Mr.. McLaurin $50 gave notice
OF another amendment taking raw cotton
from the free list, thus completing the ac-
ton heretofore taken of placing a duty of
~ per cent on cotton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
They Collect STAMINA.

Mr.. q. a. Camp, one of ashington's
most prominent philatelists, brought new
philatelic society into existence Thursday
evening last. This organization is to be
Known as the District of Columbia Phila-
telic Society, and 1t is proposed to make it
one of the best of that class Of clubs in
the United States. The club was organized
with twenty-five charter members, all of
whom are the most ardent of stamp col
lectors, and among them are some of
our best-known professional men who
have Developed a faGcy for the collect
ing Oh the little colored bits CT paper which
serve 10 carry our correspondence throug h
the mails. Washington can now boast of
Two clubs of this characteristic Washing
ton Stamp Club, which was organized
some three years ago, and which now has a
club. AN"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
NaV0l Or6ers

Cadets D. M. Garrison, D. R. Merritt, E.
II. Dunn, R. F. Eckhardt, F. NJ Freeman
). F. Marshall and c. K. Mallory have beer
ordered to the navy yard, New York: J. P
Morton and E. P. Baldwin, to the Marble.
head; T. M. Dick, to the Montgomery; F.
g. Harms and n. Mansfield, to the Detroit
X. X Johnston and D. N. Todd, TO the
oregon; F. N. Brumby, to the New York;
A T. Chester, to the Massachusetts,; W. R.
Cushman and w. Bagley, to the Indiana
w. X. Gherardi, to the Texas; VIII Stand
ley, to the Monterey; c. B. Barnes to the
independence; j. j. Raby, to the Michigan;
j. V. Kleman, to the Terror; J. c. Breckin-
ridge, to the Gushing; NJ. ]. Mccormack
to the Philadelphia; J. r. Monaghan, TO the
Monadnock; O. S. knepper, H. V. Butler
and w. c. Davidson, to the Concord: III.
Laning. to the Marion: Ensign X. III. Os-
born has been detached from the Alliance
and ordered to the Montgomery; Ensign A.
A. Mckethan, from the Terror to the AL
lance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
Old Soldiers Apuointed

Col. Gustavus B. Bracket of Iowa. n
veteran or the civil war, has been appoint
ed pomologist and chief of the division of
pomoiogy of the Department of Agricul-
lure TO take effect August l. This position
pays s2,5oo per annum. Col Bracket is at
present serving In that division, and this
appointment is by promotion He takes the
place OF S. B. Hedges. whose resignation
was called for a couple of weeks ago.
COL Nathaniel ShatswelI of Massachn-
SETS an ex-Union soldier, has been ap-
pointed caretaker of the museum of the
department of Agriculture, by reinstate-
ment In the classified service. This place
pays $1,000 per annum The reinstatement
will take effect July l.
Thomas w. Oshel of Kansas, an ex-Union
soidler, has been appointed to the position
OF STOCK examiner In the bureau of animal
industry. by reinstatement. This place
pays $500 per annum
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
TREASURY DEPARTMENT CHANGES.
Omcial Designations Announced TO
Promotion.

Omcial Designations Announced for
Promotion.
The following designations for promotions
have been made In the Treasury Depart
ment:
Secretary's ofice-Miss Ida Howgate,
Michigan, from 81 200 to $1,400; Miss E. e.
Juliand, New York, from 81, 600 to $1,000;
A. H. Nickerson, Washington, from $500 to
$780,
Office Of auditor for Treasury Depart
ment-Geo. w. Wheeler, New Jersey, from
$1,000 to $1,sOO; H. w. Porter, Connecticut,
from sL4O0 to $1,000; Mrs. f. L. Nourse,
New York, from 81 200 to s1.4O0.
Office of auditor for War Departmental.
B. Smith, Vermont, from $500 to 81 400;
John Johnson, Wisconsin, from $1,4O0 to
81 900; Madison Whipple, New York, from
81 800 to 81, 800.
Office of auditor for the Navy Depart
ment-Oscar Bielaski. District OF Column
bia, from 81 400 to $1,000; G.. v. Haskell,
Pennsylvania. from 81, 400 to $1,000; Miss
S. A. SomervilIe, Alabama, from 81, 200 to
81 400: Geo. P. Davis, Ohio, from s1,cOO TO
chief Of division.
Office Of auditor for Post Office Depart
ment-Danl. N. Burbank Ohio, from 81 600
to $500.
Treasurer's off1ce-John r. Croggon, Dis
trict of Columbia, from $40 to 5000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
Passed Good Examinations

Miss Baldwin, daughter of the former
auditor Of the treasury, made o. &c GU. Of a
possible 100 In her recent examination by
the departmental board for appointment
to clerkship Of the $1,000 class. Miss
Pugh, daughter of the ex-auditor for the
Navy Department, made a percentage Of
Us at similar examination. These ladies
were recently reduced from the 81 500 to the
81 200 class, and ordered to examination.
When Mr.. Lyman, ex-civil service COM
missioner, was recently examined for ap-
pointment as chief of the stationery divf-
zion, he made a percentage of 3D. in addi-
ton to which he was given a credit of 8
points on account of his soldier record
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
Nomination. Confirmed,

The Senate yesterday confirmed the fol-
lowing nominations:
JOHN G. Brady Of Sitka, Alaska, to be
governor of Alaska; John U. Smith of
Portland, Ore, and VIM. J. Jones of Port
Townsend, Wash, to be commissioners In
ard for the district Of Alaska; Harmon l..
ternal revenue for the district of Arkan-
sas; Frank w. Howbert of Colorado, to be
collector of internal revenue for the dis
trict Of Colorado; Freeland H. Oaks of
Maine, to be collector of customs, district
OF Saco, Maine: Jacob E. Houtz of Nebras-
ka, to be collector of internal revenue for
the district of Nebraska.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
Advertising is not an expense.

Advertising is not an expense.
1t is business investment. II
you want to invest your money
profitably you will therefore put
your advertisements in such a
paper as The Evening Star, that
is read regularly and thoroughly
by everybody worth reaching.
The Star is the recognized
household and family journal Of
the National Capital, and has
no rival as an advertising med
ium.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
William Parnell Woodburn, Charles Brels-
ford Welsh and Dana White.
Applause and Flowers.


Each member Of the class. as he or she
came forward, was greeted with applause.
After all had been seated, a committee OF
frst-year young ladies', consisting of
Misses Florence Smith, Olive Simpson.
Katherine MARI Hattie Thyson. Gertrude
O'Neal and Blanche Payne distributed the
flowers among the graduates to the strains
Of Haley's American Beauty" March.
The gentlemen seated on the stage were
not forgotten, and huge bouquet of roses
was presented to each one of them
The class officers of the class Of 81 are:
William A. Ball, president; Maud NJ. Wat
kins, vice president Mary NJ. Lamond,
secretary and Irby w. Durfey, treasurer.
The executive committee in charge of the
exercises consisted of Misses Emma S.
Huyett, Emma NJ Dowden, Fanny Woog
and Harriet NJ. Watson. and Messrs. Lloyd
d. Hefiin, John l.. Cassin, Cornelius p.
Clark, John G. Bridaham, Charles E. Par
sons and Dana White.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
STAMPS FOR THE MILLIONS,
Number Deemed Necessary by Il
Post Office Department.

Number Deemed Necessary by the
Post Office Department.
The Postmaster General has made requi-
sition on the bureau of engraving and
printing for stamps for the year ending
June 30, 1858. The estimates Of probable
requirements, are as follows: Ordinary
stamps, 3,444 167, 900: newspaper and peri
odical stamps. 6.462,oOO: postage due
stamps, u. 16s.0OO. OF the ordinary stamps
2,JO,NO.0U are of the 2-cent denomnat ton
and 5.'",Wto are of the 10-cent special de-
livery series AS compared with the re-
quirements for the present year, these es-
Inmates are an increase of about 295. 000, 900
in the number of ordinary stamps, an in
crease of 10000 in the special delivery, an
increase of 962, 900 in the newspaper and
periodicals and decrease of S32, 600 in the
postage due series.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22

The Loss of His Little Son Wrecked
the Fathers Life.
Christian K. Ross, the father of Charles
Ross, whose abduction On July /, 1874,
from his parents home became a matter
of worldwide interest and still remaics
largely unsolved mystery died at his
residence in Germantown yesterday aged
seventy-four years.
Mr.. Ross had been i'll but three weeks
The abduction of Charles Ross, who was
beautiful child. practically wrecked the
life of his father and from the time the
boy was stolen, nearly twentythree years
ago. life seemed a burden TO the once
buStling business man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
USE OF NAME uNwARRANTED.
Statement Regarding the Circulars of
an Art Society.

Circulars of an organiza ton styling itself
the National Cooperative Society of Amer
lean Art, naming Commissioner of Educa-
tion Harris as president, and Apostolic
Delegate Martinelli, Chief Justice Fuller.
General Miles, ex-Presidents Cleveland and
Harrison, the present cabinet and we'll
known financiers as advisory directors,
have given some annoyance 20 Commission
er Harris, Mr.. Cleveland and Others Com
missioner Harris says the use Of his name
is entirely unwarranted that he specifical-
ly refused the invitation to be identified
with the enterprise, and that to his knowl-
edge the use of the names of a number
of others was unauthorized. Ex-President
Cleveland, through Editor Glider of the
Century. has written Mr.. Harris, repudi-
ating the use of his name.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
RELIC HUNTERS RICH FIND.
Remains of Prehistoric Races EN-
humed ON II Bnrrcn Island.

After nearly three weeks sojourn on the
barren island of San Nicolas, a party of
relic hunters has reached Long Beach,
California, loaded with skeletons, skulls
and ancient implements and ornaments
of stone and shells, the remains of
prehistoric tribes. The party found
eightE-seven skulls buried in the sand
OF the island, but were only able to
secure three entire. They made one exca-
walton twenty feet square, in which they
found nine skeletons in a crouching atti-
tUde. as though men, women and children
had been buried alive. In another place
they found the remains of hundreds of
bodies that had been burned.
Evidence was found that the island was
inhabited by two or more different races,
one of which was of great size, its peculiar
characteristic being gigantic jawbones.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
EOH DiXOHca

Edward Robinson has petitioned for d.
vorce from Annie F. Robinson. The parties
were married here June 7, 1877 and Mr..
Robinson charges that his wife deserted
and abandoned him December "a, 1885.
he Is represented by Attorneys d. w.
Baker, III. NJ. Earle ard E. Richard Shipp.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
Mr.. Ynndcrlin,s Trim

Assistant Secretary VANDERBILT hes gone
to Philadelphia to investigate the case of a
number OF ex-Union soldiers who have De-
titiored for their reinstatement I'm the
United States mint. on the grounds that
they were wrongfully removed about three
years ago for partisan reasons
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
Break~vnter Mt buffalo.

The Secretary of War yesterday sent to
the House report on a survey of Buffalo
entrance TO Erie basin and Black Rock
harbor, n. Y. 1t Is recommended that a
breakwater be constructed as a protection
against storm and sea. The estimated cost
Is $24S 600.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22

is connected with a bank, is living in Chi
cago. Both married Americans, though the
former at Stuttgart and the latter at st.
Pancras, London.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22
Sea wan Mt Sandy Hook.

Representative Pitney of New Jersey SUBJ
mitted a resolution in the House yester-
day making a special order the eonsidera-
ton of O. resolution appropriating SO 900 for
the construction of a sea wall at Sandy
Hook, N. j.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22

II you want anything. try an I'D. In The
Star. II anybody has what you wish. you
will get IN answer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22

Want" ads. in The Star pay beca use
they bring answers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22

Reinstated mt Lower salary.
J. Anthony Gardner Of Franklin, Va,
dismissed from 8. 400 clerkship In the
pension office. May 9. was yesterday rein
stated ~ . copyist at 500.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-06-22

Want" ads. in The Star Day because
they bring answers.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-04-21
SPANISH GuNBoAT OPERATIONS.
Cuban Insurgents Captured or Kill
ed-InsurEent Camps Destroyed.

HABANA. April 20.-The spanish gun
boat Delgado Parejo left here on we'd
nesdav fast for the mouth OF the san
Juan river. province Of Santa Clara, TO
nrotect the landing of q detachment or
troops shipped there on board the steam
shin Gloria. under General Hal Pratz.
The eunboat entered the river on FRIDAY
last towing NUMBER OF hshltIs' 'Po,i
which the soldiers had been embarked.
some distance Up the river Il BOAT win
"a number of armed insurgents was slght-
ed. The gunbOat opened fire upon her'
killed four of the insurgents. VINO were
thrown overheard by their comra1es, ana
wounded a number of others, eventually
capturing the surviving insurgents: -
Proceeding up the san Juan with the
lighters. the gunboat protected the land-
ing of two attachments OF troops VINO
destroyed insurgent camps, captured
quantities OF arms ana documents, anu
returned with two insurgents cap u ~
and twenty who had surrendered. Inc
oInhoat also captured three boats Whlch
Rad been used by the insurgents In their
expeditions.
landed eighty men near Cape Cruz; pro
vince OF Santiago de CUBA, routing d
force of insurgents there, capturing an
insurgent prefecture. and q quantity OF
arms. and SELLING the valuable salt mines
taken possession of by the insurgents IN
that vicinity. The enemy had previously
force. who acted as a guide FOR the
Spaniards.
THOSE REFORMS.
HABANA. April D.-Premier Canovas
according to the statements or seVeral
Habana newspapers. has stated that tht
government considers il expedient 70 wall
FOR confirmation Of the news as TO tne
modification OF Cuba before establishing
The promised reforms. The official press
argues from this that the date OF putting
The reforms into effect Will not be re-
mote. <,,, e,r-,,,rrCrrUc
HABANA. April ga number OF Skin
mishes have taken place recently in tn'
proyince of Santa Clara. The losses OF tht
Insurgents are officially reported as thir'
weight killed, three wounded. and one
taken prisoner. The Spanish troops have
seized the contents Of two camps. includ
ing an armory and several well-stockee
shops.
WEYLER TO LEAVE SANTA CLARA
HABANA. April 20.-It is expected tha'
Captain General Weyler MIL soon leave
the cjty of Santa Clara. The weather re
mains unsettled, and rain is falling al
most constantly.