davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
The Value of Slang.

Slang has this value, that it shows
how language grows. The English ton
que is SO vigorous that it seizes what
ever it needs for growth, just as it did
in its infancy. In the infancy of the
language direct limitations of sounds
were constantly made into words. as the
young vandals of today use "chink" for
money" Further on in the growth of
the tongue it took from ordinary speech
these initiative words, and converted
them to new uses. just as you say "tick.
er" for watch" and puff" for advertise
ment. The contraction of words is ar
other stage, as "mob," now perfectly
good English. was at first merely slang
for the Latin mobile, the tickle crowd
as "cab" was slang for "cabriolet," and
"furlong" for "furrow long" the length
OF furrow, and as mob" is slang for
mobility"
We make words from mems names in
very much the sans way. l suppose
"boycotting" may be considered good
English now. Martinez" which is now
indispensable, was the name of a histor
ic general overstrict in discipline. Der
rick" was famous hangman of the sew
enteenth century, in honor of whom the
rough nicknamed the gallows-like hoist
ing apparatus, and these are two out of
scores of similar cases.
Many of the words that are now
among the responsibilities of converse.
ton were at one time gutter children.
drag" was thieves word for carriage,
and "dragsmen" the particular variety
of thieves who followed the carriage to
cut away the luggage from the rack be.
hind. But drag" is good English now
for private coach. "Kidnap" was
thieves slang for child-stealing, that is
to NAB kid" "Tie," for cravat, was
as much the slang of low life as "choker"
is at the present Gay. "Conundrum"
and donkey" and fun" were all slang
words. though perhaps not SO low.
"Bore" was slang, and so were "waddle"
and "bother. st. Nicholas.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
HORTICULPURE.

Money spent in putting out fruit trees
will repay you in two ways-in the pro-
duct which will come in a few years,
and in the increase to the value of the
farm from the day they are planted.
Work upon the currant bushes will
well repay you next season. As soon as
the leaves are off trim away the old
wood, dig about them, and give them a
good application of manure.
An insectiverous. bird will destroy
hundreds of insects every day, which,
if they remained alive, would do more
harm than the bird could possibly &C.
complish. Never kill bird unless you
are absolutely sure that it does more
harm than good.
The strawberry is the king of berries.
Give it shallow cultivation frequently
enough to keep its truceless enemies,
the weeds, from ever getting foothold
The puny weed of April may have the
vigor of Jonah's gourd when the sun
wakes warm.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
The French in America.

The French element in the United
States at the present time embraces
various groups, says the Chautauquan.
The French of Louisiana include the
dwellers in and around the picturesque
old capital of New Orleans exotic
among American cities with its French
survivals, its dream of past commercial
dominion and its vision of future pow
rand the simple and ignorant Acadian
farmers, continuing the primitive GUS
toms of the basin of the Grand Pre-,
along the tranquil waters of the Aesche,
remote from the corroding touch of
busy modern life. The metis, or half
breeds, also survivals of the old French
days, are scattered in considerable mum.
Oers through the northwest, as pack
men, boatmen and lumbermen.
But the most noteworthy French eles
ment in the United States at the pres
emit time consists in the French Cana.
dians who began sbout twenty years
ago to cross the border into this coun-
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14

try. This movement was due in part to
the expansive power of this fecund
people and in part to the effort of New
England mill owners to bring them as
operatives. The result has been to in
troduce new strain of French influence
into this country. The United States
census of 1890 reports $4,000 white
persons having one or both parents
born in Canada and Newfoundland, of
French extraction. Leading French
Canadians deny the correctness of this
report. and on the basis Of church
records hold that it should be more
than doubled.
The French Canadians are found in
greatest number in the north Atlantic
states and the north central states. AS
a rule they are grouped in settlements
of their own, aiming to preserve their
race, language, customs and religion.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
FAULT FINDERS.
Neacs.

Fault-fnding is often delicious and
pleasing pastime. But who can say it is
often paying. The following morcedu1
from the Great Thoughts ought to an
swer the question:
MANY people have genius for seeing
the faults of others. but there is one pc
culiarity about this faculty which will
be an interesting study for the psychol.
ogist; it is the tendency to criticise most
sharply those faults in others which are
most prominent in ourselves. In other
words, that which excites our greatest
antagonism is the duplication of our own
traits. 1t would be amusing it were
not disturbing and pathetic, to hear peo-
pie criticise mercilessly traits in others
which everybody recognizes as being the
special possession of the critics them
selves. 1t is pathetic because it shows
how little we know about ourselves, and
it is disturbing because it suggests to
the listener that he may be doing pre-
cisely the came thing. In all probable
ity he is. So little do we know ourselves
as a rule, that when we see parts of
ourselves in others we detest them. If
we recognized them as being in sense
our own possessions, we might not like
them any better, but we should surely
sympathize with their possessors. If
there is any common experience which
ought to draw US together, it is identity
of struggle and temptation. We ought
to stand shoulder to shoulder with those
who are fighting the same fight which
we are fighting, and who find in them
selves the same tendencies to evil or to
weakness; and yet these are the very
people from whom, as rule, we with
draw ourselves most ell tirely, and upon
whose shoulders the lash of our criticism
falls most mercilessly."
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
CATTLE.

An unprejudiced breeder of beef cat.
tie will tell you that the Herefords have
almost no competition in producing fine,
juicy meat; they have been bred for 200
years for this very purpose, and today
they justify all the pains which have
been spent upon them. They leave their
impress in marked degree when
crossed with native stock. The improve.
ment in two or three years through the
introduction of the Herefords is so de-
cided as to show to even a careless OBJ
server.
No steers over three years are permit
ted to compete in the great fat cattle
shows in England. 1t is known that
early maturity is improving to the flavor
of the meat. and consumers are willing
to pay for no other quality. This is just
as true here. and our beef producers
will serve their best interests by getting
into line with this movement at once
There are some good reasons for breed.
ing heifers early, so as to encourage the
early direction of the vital energies to
the production of milk, but the male in
this breeding should always be two years
old at least, but it is better still if he has
made full growth. His offspring will
be of more value for every purpose.
Every time that cattle suffer so must
the owner. An insufficient water sup
ply or a supply of bad water is one cause
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
Warm Weather Comfort.

One important change which every one
can make in summer without the ex-
penditure of dime, is the removal of
all superhuous furniture from our rooms
No one thing gives such an air Of cool
ness and comfort as space-room TO
breathe, to lounge and rest, with free
circulation of fresh air. Heavy draperies
are sure to make room stuffy. besides
being uncomfortably suggestive Of
warmth. Nothing imparts such sense
of comfort and rest to room in warm
weather as subdued light coming in
through sheer. delieately-tinted window
draperies.
For this purpose cheese cloth is Just
as effective as swiss or silk, and there
are few more artistic or comfortable
summer cottages than one recently seen
with long window draperies of white
mosquito-nettiDg. Lsttiee-eloth, which,
as its name indicates. has an open weave
makes delightful summer portieres. But
whatever the material used don't have
any fixed arrangement at either doors or
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
ROULTR Il.

Yearling turkey hens are not so apt
die on their nests when setting; invite
them to make their nests about the barn
by giving them suitable places. Young
broods stand the chilly weather bad,
and should not come off before the 1st
of May.
For the first two weeks feed young
turkeys on stale bread moistened with
water; after that they can take coarser
food. and almost anything it may be
convenient to give them from the table
or granary. Fatten on old corn; green
corn is not easily digested.
Cockerels kept until November bring
no more money than if sold for broilers
in midsummer, but they keep on eating
all the same.
Cold weather will check the develop
ment of chicks Matched in June or
later, and it will not pay to keep them
over. Market early, and avoid the drop
in prices which comes when every one
has notion to sell.
Five hens and gobbler on the farm
should produce 100 young turkeys every
year, worth from 800 to 5000, and not
more than one-tenth of this should be
laid out for expenses. Feed we'll in
February and March. Turkeys are cas-
lily raised if one knows how.
In the United States the yield of cot
ton is worth about 400 million dollars,
hay 43O, dairy products $50, poultry and
eggs $50. and we export more or less of
everything but the latter. We eat all
our eggs and chickens at home, and
then call for more from abroad.
When the knack of raising poultry is
mastered and an understan ding had be-
tween the keeper and his fiocks, the
work becomes easy and routine, and
business is established which will not
larger income than anything else on the
farm, for the capital invested.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
DAIR u.

Good dairymen, with the help of a silo
and judicious allowance of grain, keep
two cows to the acre. By so doing they
reduce the cost of keeping each animal
to about SIS an annum. With a 800
pound butter COW this means a pretty
fair profit.
profitable speciality in the live stock
business, and one which is not over
done, is the breeding of high class dairy
COWS for family use. In every village
can be found buyers who are willing to
pay exceedingly good prices il they can
procure really good cows for home use.
1t is deluging the market with poor
goods which hurts. With all the i'm
mense increase in dairy factories and
dairy products, the market has not been
glutted. Consumption has kept pace,
and good prices have faltered less than
with any other farm product. All this
is because improvement has accomp-
anied the increase.
We believe that separator will prove
profitable even in small dairy of half
dozen cove. 1t is not wise to economize
labor by using the machine once a day
only. but separate the cream as soon as
can be after the milking, and always be-
fore it becomes cool.
1t is easy work to spoil good dairy.
Unkind treatment will do it, as will inn
proper or irregular feeding or unskill-
full milking. You do not deserve success
il you do not know how the details are
managed on your place.
Where the milk is sold away from the
farm much more fertility is carried away
than when the butter is made at home
and the residue fed to the farm stock.
Extra pains must be taken to produce
rich manures and care taken to make
the most of them.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
CHRISTIAN WORK.

Around the trunk of a locust,
Whose sheltering boughs waved high,
A woodbine commenced its climbing,
And climbed up lovingly.
Each wear when the tree buds opened
And the leaves danced into light,
They saw the hands of this eager vine
Fast gaining their lofty height
At last it reached the branches,
And tossed dainty spray
Over twig that had lost it's life
And was passing into decay.
81 cannot grow like the tree it said,
"And stand erect in my strength,
l will cover the lines in the rough brown
bark,
And bind up the boughs that are bent. y
Unknown to this busy climber
A rose bush followed its 'urse,
And far below in wealth of green
A garland of buds had burst.
And they said as they smiled in their rosy
ring,
stWe must dance the whole day through,
For to throw our sweetness into the world,
Is the work we are given to do"
Thus the tree, the vine and the roses
Lived their best through the long sum-
mer day,
From the same warm sod upspringing
Each growing in Gods own way;
Till the wreaths of green, and the rosy
bloom,
And the leafy boughs on high,
Climbed up the rays of sunshine
To the infinite blue of the sky.
EMMA D. SEYMOUR, in Christian Work.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
SHEEP.

Sheep love change in diet; this
holds good even in summer pasture.
A field will become stale to them, and
it pays to have place into which to
turn them for change.
Small focks of sheep do better than
large ones; so is about the number
which may be handled with the best
success upon an ordinary farm, where
the range is limited to a few acres.
Do not be deluded with the idea that
succulent grass will give sheep all the
moisture needed; they may exist, but
they will not thrive. Even on the
ground of humane treatment they
should have access to good. cool water
at pleasure.
A ton of solid and liquid manure from
sheep contains about three times as
much of the three chief demands of the
soil-nitrogen. phosphoric acid and pot
ash-as that from other animals, and
this is why the foot of the sheep is said
to be golden to the land. The man who
would bring up a rundown farm can do
it most quickly with flock of sheep.
In starting with sheep it requires but
little capital; small flock of the best
native sheep you can find, and ram of
the best blood you can buy, complete
the equipment. Neither is there long
wait for the returns to begin. Hogs
have been called the poor mans stock,
but they have no advantage over sheep.
This country produces but about half
the wool it consumes. and there is a
market for more good mutton. The
best result in sheep growing is attained
by handling sheep which will produce a
six pound fleece upon hundred pound
carcass worth six cents apound. II this
is your aim the chances of success are
with you.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
Military Toys.

The toys Of children have a great in
iuence in molding their future livee.
Napoleon's chief pastime when boy wf s
to form his young companions into COM
panies of soldiers. Had his mind at that
time been bent in some other direction.
perhaps this great man might have been
a blessing to the world rather than the
greatest butcher the sun over shone up
on. Parents who wish their children to
be friends of peace and good will should
not supply them with military play
things with which the toy shops OF
Christendom now TEEN. = Alice Man
Douglas. in Union Signal.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
A|IHiIIE FjK II2!'lIl:l HQ ((i!'I
"BALLAD OF TREES AND THE
MASTER"
BY SIDNEY LANIER.

sInto the woods my Master went,
Clean forspent, forspent.
Into the woods my Master came,
Forspent with love and shame
But the olives they were not blind to him
The little gray leaves were kind to him;
The thorn-tree had mind to him,
When into the woods he came.
"Out of the woods my Master went,
And he was well content.
Out of the woods my Master came.
Content with death and shame.
When Death and Shame would WOO him
last,
From under the trees they drew him last
Twas on tree they slew him-last
When out of the woods he came"
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14
Selected Story.
HIS FIRST WIFE.
MADISON JANEWAY was al.

MADISON JANEWAY was al
1Nl ways pointed out as self
made man," and was apparently well
satisfied with his own handiwork, for
content radiated from his full face
and from his figure, which had lost
it's Youthful muscle under creeping
waves of flesh. Mr.. JanewaY had
satisfied his ambitions as far as it is
possible for a man to do it. Fortu-
nately for his content, these aspira-
tions were of the kind that are most
often realized. He had a handsome
wife and three bright children; he
was president of the state bank, an
institution known to be founded on
the rock of sound finance; he had
been mayor of Shewanee, and was a
member of the legislature. So much
of earthly glory had fallen to his
share.
When he read the obituary of an
other self-made man, he always
nodded his head sagely, as much as
to say, "Iknow how it goes: started
with nothing myself" In fact, Mr..
JanewaY's election to the Legislature
came of the admiration the electors
had for man of the people. When
his constituents hired a band and
went to congratulate him, they found
him ready with speech. He said:
Fellow citizens, | will not try to
hide from you my deep qualification
at the result of the election. l wanted
to be elected. | have wanted a good
many things, and I've generally got
them, but not without working. l
started with nothing; l did chores
for my keep; l went to school when
could, picked up penny here and
a penny there; l did any honest
work that | could find. And where
am | now7 President of bank, ex-
mayor and member of the legisla-
ure. thank you, friends, for your
votes, yet feel that have won my
own way; that l am one, a private
perhaps, in the great army of self
made men," He bowed, and retired
amid loud applause. In anotherthis
speech would have provoked criti-
ism, but one of the privileges of the
self-made man is to praise his maker
without stint.
Mr.. and Mrs. Janeway had but
just come from visit to their own
house, which their architect assured
them was in the purest style of the
Gothic renaissance. But they were
sure, too, which seemed to them of
far more importance, that it was the
finest house in town, and quite
eclipsed Mr.. Morgan's red brick
mansion.
They were to move into it at once,
and Mrs. Janeway went about the old
house planning what should be left
behind, as not coming up to the artis-
tic standard of the newplace. "Come
here a minute, Madison" she called
from an obscure entry back of the
dining-room.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14

when l did-before | came to be
drag on you. Yet, Maddy, before
her and your children, l think you
ought not to shame me, for l was
your faithful wife, the wife of your
youth, and 1 gave you all I had to
give-my money, my love, my toll"
Before Mr.. Janeway could answer
she was gone, and he sat alone.
The next day, however, he took the
old photograph down town and or
dered for it gorgeous frame. When
it was returned, he hung it in his
library, where it looked strangely
alien between st. Cecilia and the
Arabian Falconer, bought at the in
stigation of the architect.
Florry, with a child's quickness,
noticed the fine gilt frame that sur
rounded the ugly, good face. "What
have you done to the lady?" she
asked. "Aren't you going to pack
her away, as mamma said?"
mo; the picture is to stay here.
Do you remember who said it vast"
Eyes; it was your first wife"
Mr.. Janeway took her on his knee.
"Florry," he began soberly, "when |
was little boy, [ was very poor, as
poor as the Galts"-a family cele-
brated in the town for i'll luck and pow
erty. II went to school when l could,
but that was mighty little, for | had to
work most of the time. Sometimes
I'd get most discouraged, but l had
to work just the same. One year
worked for a man named Deering
He had a daughter, and when she
| found how much [ wanted to go to
school, she lent me some money
money she had saved by pinching
and scraping. After while her ia
Their died, and she married me. ]
had nothing, and she owned good
farm, but she married me. In six
years she died and left everything to
me. She gave me my start. She was
a good woman, and believed in me
when nobody else did. The other
night papa dreamed that he saw hel
and talked to her, and it made him
feel ashamed that he had seemed tc
forget her."
Mr.. Janeway felt that he was max
ing handsome reparation, but he
was a man who aimed to do right. II
was necessary to his self-esteem.
The child wriggled from his arms
and walked away, with an awed
glance at the picture.
Mr.. Janeway stared at it musingly
"Are you satisfied now, Sarah?" he
caught himself saying. "Pshaw
that dream holds to me still" he ex'
claimed, "but, anyhow, I've done hel
justice"
And though the architect declared
that the photograph quite spoiled the
effect of the library, and begged thai
it might be banished to some bach
room, Mr.. Janeway was firm, and the
dull, good face of his first wife KEEP
its place between the st. Cecilia anC
the Arabian Falconer. = Chicago
| Ne7eS
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14

Composing does not increase the
amount of manure, but prevents the
valuable elements from escaping and
puts it into better shape for handling;
and you are pretty sure to add to it
some things which you would not other
wise take the trouble to turn into fer
tilizer.
From the beginning practical man
may have his living from the farm, and
this is quite an item. 1t is not long
until the money reward for his labor
begins. After that industry and econ
omy makes success pretty certain.
The farmer who works drained land
is less at the mercy Of the elements. and
will be vastly more apt to have good
crops in bad years. and that is just
when it pays best to have them. If
your land needs draining. drain it.
With careful farming all land can be
made to yield constant revenue and
still be growing better; in fact, this is
the only true way of farming. IL you
grow good crops at the expense of the
accumulated plant food some one will
have to pay the bill in the long run.
The fertilizing ability of the clover
crop, in addition to it's value for hay
makes it perhaps the most important
crop of the general farmer. 1t has been
shown that for manure only the actual
value of ton of clover hay is $500.
The best value for a ton of man.
ure may be obtained by using it for
producing renovating crop, rather
than directly on money crop. Its ef-
feet in this way will be more lasting. and
you will eventually receive larger re-
turn.
If, after taking off an early crop, the
land is left to it's own devices, much of
the fertilizing materials contained
therein will be dissipated or rendered
unavailable; Furthermore, the mechani-
cal condition of the land will suffer and
its ability to stand drouth diminished.
and it will "bake" quickly the following
season.
After potatoes there is no more use
full crop than turnips. This is root
crop after root crop. but no danger
will result il the land has been well
cared for. 1t is surprising that turnips
are not more generally grown by the
general purpose" farmer.
Peas are to some extent renovating
crop. and do not exhaust the land.
They come off early, and it is good
plan to follow them with something
else. Late cabbage and potatoes are
convenient crops. Cultivation having
kept down the weeds, the land is in good
condition for working.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-08-14

of disease and wasting; see that they
have plenty, and that it is pure. See,
also, that they do not have to stand all
the hot day in pasture without shade.
The farmer who centers his hope in
cattle and grass will have a much more
even and satisfactory course before him
than one who depends mainly on grain.
1t is certain he will not find it 30 diff
cult to keep up his land.