davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-02

years following the adoption Of the Con-
stitution, candidates for Governor wore
nominated at n meeting OF party voters from
tho different parts OF tho State. held at the
principal city. This was a sort OF State caucus
or primary, but, owing to tho difficulty and ex-
pcnse OF travelling In those days, the number OF
persons present from distant parts Of tho State
was necessarily small, and hence the gathering
was. In reality, n State Convention composed Of
the political leaders In tho different sections.
The first period OF the State Convention, how
ever, was not Of long duration. Grad
ually tho party members Of the Lcgis-
lature usurpod tho power Of nominating
tho State ticket, and by 1900 the legisla-
1.-Two caucus system was the prevailing method of
nomination. This adoption OF q less democratic
method is accounted for by the difficulty OF com
munication between different parts Of tho State.
In State as well as In national politics the legis-
lativo caucus was accepted as the easiest
method, since the members Of the Legislature
were already assembled and represented most
sections Of tho Commonwealth. Opposition to
The legislative caucus mode OF nomination for
State officers seems to have been contempora-
ncous with the opposition to the Congressional
caucus and national caucus. In the Empire
State. however. the legislative caucus system
appears to have possessed great vitality, and 1t
was not until 1924, tho year in which tho Con-
gressional caucus mot its fate. that the last State
legislative caucus-in New York was held. A
faction Of the Democratic party known rs the
Peoples Party, dissatisfied with tho caucus
nomination OF Col. Young for Governor. issued
a call for a State Convention at Utica, each coun-
ty to DO entitled to as many delegates as II had
membcrs in tho Legislature. This experiment
with the convention system seems to have found
favor with the people, for in the Same year
legislative caucuscs Of both tho Democratic and
Clintonian parties issued calls for State conven-
lions, to BIO hold at Hcrkimer and Utica respec-
lively. The development OF the State nominat-
Ing machinery In the other States was similar
10 that observed in New York. In general, 1t
may be said that by 1885 the convention system
was the prevailing method of nomination for
State and district officers. Moreover. the pro.
cedurc OF the, State and district conventions
held in the sos and carly 4Os was substantially
the same rs that Of our conventions to-day.
VI. w. II.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-02
III.

These supposed entities are obviously very
similar in function; several, such us kd, osiris,
and saba, personify Almost the same idea, and
1t seems TO our author that In these cases wc
have to do with the different conceptions of
an immortal soul which had arisen In separate
places and prehistoric times, and were ulti-
mAtely combined into one doctrine, tho Egyp-
tiAnS not daring to got any aside Tor fear u
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-02

In addition to his body, thus made into a per-
feet mummy. man had also an immortal soul.
This was not considered among the Egyptians,
as among most races, n simple entity. but a com.
positc one: in life. the component parts had
been united; at death. they parted, each to find
its own way to the gods. First among these
parts was tho so-called Ia. imagined as similar
TO q man. and yet not 4 man. and which stood 10
him somewhat in the same relation rs the verbal
expression OF some tangible reality stands to
that reality itself, or as the name of any one to
the person whom it designates. In DIR. Wiede-
mann's opinion, the notion Of n ka was suggested
by the fact that the image of a dead person,
or of one who is rar away. may be seen in
thought or dreams. Hence it was believed that
man was not simply n material being, who could
be in only one place at once. but that he included
a second self. able to pass through walls or bar
riers. bound neither by time nor space. and
which might exist for thousands of years. The
ka has thus several points of affinity with the
rcn. or name OF n man. the sound of which cvokes
an image OF him in the mind of tho nearer. and
also with a portrait statue. Similar conceptions
of personality as apart from a person are found
among the most divergent races. but an extreme
development of the idea in one direction was Pc
culiar to the Egyptians; they turned this alb
straction back into the concrete and endowed it
with an intangible form dependent upon food
ma, no such ceosod n he ,is hodv ,os
made into n mummy and placed within q coffin,
and experience had shown that no mummy
could ever leave mis- coffin. The Ia, which had
been the companion OF the body in life. attained,
at death, TO independent existence. 1t was to
the ka that Itinerary prayers and offerings were
made; to the mummy alone they were useless.
But when the Ia returned to the mummy. en-
Ii,;ng in i,s cof,n :" then Tho two uni,od 80
a,,o 20 ,.,d son,o,,;nn -, .ho ,an,o re 49, 80
h,a ,o5 ton,,ho, -, oor,h oo.inu s.i.h;.- 80
co;ra :, nn5 fro 70 ,.;si, Tho sr,rira -
,nir5 ,hom ~ tho;r du,r In ,ho ,,o,,ar
aUori,a.
80, a. $500 - T.. 49,. - nS.ns 49,"
u,nb ,.ho nouId In III. 1;,otinn" - ~. Wv
so,t ,ha ,oodt,I .unr,,oa Nv o,,..-
,ua,t ,,i,h ,ho 49, - ~ - ~
no;nhh,rhooa n,n.,nr 40 - -. 49,. wv.
rronor,r 4, ,xoh,nno for ,ho;, ha,a 90 .na...
bis In w;th ~ o,m,ir snootaoa 81" p''u
,oir t,ost aovs Tho no. ~ an.h
snnh nror;sion tor h;msoI,. ho ,.aa na =
after do,th unor ,ho niotr ~, his rar,;Im
or,,, nroot =, ,ho o., 100. ,h,.n, 49,
,ho h. h.d ,oLo, :, ~ E-m.
afforded nv Tho fcct thot n ,,o ho,,.ra,
,n ;na;snonanho .ons,ntnon. 49,
lit ~, no. h.. ,.,.- ""s
thop,o.,ros n,o, IN nrra,n;d ,in,as e"'
Tho second 80 Iho ;n,n,or,aI -
nas.oo;s,.s r.,,h 49, 80 - :" W
Iifctin,. r,s Tho nbor hoart. thia ~ ".n"s NE
doo,. ,ri,h hm ~ yW,oaon 49, ."S : sop"lA'o'!
on'nio,a a., ~ na"o enap'eI VI
,h,ra na,, n,s a. - p"s' :. oNor. INC
am. ;,sa -, a.. ~
ia 81. rann, -, , h., IN 80 vo''s
.. ~ W w. N"''"" "'"u
l.. daao,am,, - .e. ~"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-02
w..

1t was not a positive but q negative confession
which the osirian soul was expected to make at
the last judgment. We quote the declarations
because they give us the standard Of Egyptian
morality. showing the nature and multiplicity
of the misdeeds to be avoided by him who would
enter into the realm of Osiris: II have not com.
mitted fraud and evil against men. I have not
oppressed my fellow men. have not diverted
justice In the Judgment hall. have not known
meanness. 1 have not committed wickednesR.
i have not, as overscer, caused a man to do moro
than his days work. I have not given way TO
anxious care. have not been empty OF good. I
have not been weak. I have not done that
which is an abomination to the gods. I
have not caused a slave to be Ill treated by his
oversccr. Ihave not brought any TO hunger. ]
have not caused any to weep. / have not COM
mitted murder. I have not caused any 10 10
guilcfully murdered. I have not wrought do
c~eitfully against any man. I have not spoiled
the bread of offering in the temple. I have not
taken away from the bread OF Offering OF the
gods. have not stolen the garments or WRAP
pings of the gloriicd ones THE dead. have
not fornicatlon. l have not defled
my self as priest OF the god OF my city. | have
not added to the weight of the balance. have
not taken milk from the mouths OF children. l
have not taken cattle in their pasture. / have
not taken in nets the birds Of the gods. I have
mt TAX on tho fish In tho fish ppnSS NJ thp gods. i
have not turned aside the waters from A neigh.
hor,a Acid, Mt tho time az tnundation.
7 have not emf off an ann NJ any river
in ;ts course 7 hovc M. cx,inruisbed
tho Arc drr;,r IN, tim, for which I, was 10 no
set .,;,h, :, Tb. Testimony ,ror1cd ny these
oxtr,cts from, tho pook NJ tho bead 10 tho
emnb, sic which tho Ecvn,iors Ind on morality
Ia conermod from, tho mas, vorious sourcc4.
There arc scvcro, c,omn,cs of popyri con.
tanning cxhortations IN GOOD conduct and strict
i, trrct;ons as IN tho rI,b, course 10 pursue
under various circr,s,nrrcs Dr Wicdcmanu
notes tbat in mucb of thcir matter. and, some-
timcs even in verbal exprcssiou. these papyh
recall the collection NJ Proverbs in the Bible,
Tho n;sdom ~ So,or,or Tho nrovcrhs Of Jesus
Siracb md many ~ rho o,hcr RihIicnl cyhor,a.
,ions r. ;nstonoo In ,bo prissc papyrns.
vhi,h do,cs from, tho T,yo,ftb DYNASTY. and 10
LID e. ~ ,,,,o =, To- disroyrrcr mo
Eif,b counondror, ia forrd IN o,mos, idcn.
tic,l torms. "Tho son who bcarkcns 10 the
word ~ his fothor ho sb,u GROW old thcrchv.'
49,, 4, .uo,,o NV Osiris
~ ""' n 80" 'ao, n,i;bor an
NV. Us TH.' -" ~ ~n ,hoaafrms
pio'"' Nv ",s"rino,"' =, Tho
"o"s "nS ~ y wv ;. :" ",Ir ","S ~o N.
n."i'' '",o ven ~. - i,'a y, ioIu.
num ,na 49,. 49,, W ,ho h,oaaoh tar,ouers Of
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-02

Examinations, nj K,.c,,,. omee..

A series of volumes collectively entitled Hdr-
pdrd Historical Studies IL now In course of
publication by Nessrs. Longmans, Green & Co.
under the direction OF tho Department of His
tory and Government In tho university. Tho
latest contribution 10 this series is an elaborate
essay on Nominations for Elective OGce in te
United States, by FREDERICK W. DALLISeER.
Certain phases OF the nominating system en-
ployod in the United States. from time to time.
have been touched upon In newspapers and
magazines. but no methodical attempt has
been previously made TO consider In oil
It's bearings this very important part OF
our governmental machinery. 1t 10 for
the purpose OF supplying this deficiency that
the book boforo us was prepared. Here, from .
strictly non.pnrtisan standpoint, we have an his.
torical account OF the origin and development OF
our nominating system. n description Of 1t as 1t
exists to-day. and, finally. an indication of the
evils that have arisen under 1t and the remedies
that have been suggested for their removal. The
historical sketch preceding the study OF tho ex-
listing system was particularly hard to write,
and some Of tho data presented In connection
with It will DO found of peculiar interest.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-02

hrst appeared about 1724 in Massachusetts. Ao-
oording to colonial writer's the word was orig
inally a corruption of oalkers', the word
meeting" being understood. from the fact that
1t was first applied to political meetings attended
chiefly by shipbuilding mechanics or calkers at
tho north end OF Boston. According to another
theory the term comes from tho Greek word
&dukfon, meaning a cup. a derivation suggested
by the convivial feature of some of the early eau
cuses; but this Is rejected by our author as even
moro fancitul than the first theory. or late years
attempts have been made to discover an Indian
derivation for the word. DR.. J. II. Trumbull has
suggested a possible derivation from an Algon-
quin word, meaning "one who talks with" and
hence, "adviseth or urgeth." The word occurs
In Captain Smiths Virginia" According to
tAa late Pr9f. Horsford. however. the derivation
given by tho colonial writer's Is moro probably
correct. the word, considered as q corruption Of
calkers, having boon probably applied In do
rision by the Tories to political meetings of tho
Wings hold in Boston. Inasmuch as tho caucus
OF tho Revolutionary period was undoubtedly
tho prototype OF the caucus or primary of to-
day, Mr.. Dallinger cites from Gordon's History
OF tho American Revolution" u description OF
tho earlier institution. The word caucus, says
Gordon. seems to mean o number of per
sons. whether more or less, met together
to consult upon adopting and prosecuting
some scheme of policy for carrying q ia
vorite point. Tho word is not of novel In
vention. More than fifty years ago. Mr.. Samuel
AdAAAs's father and twenty Others. one or two
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-02

We come to an extremely interesting topic. to
wit. the Congressional nominating caucus which
lasted from 1900 to 1924. 1t was, of course, the
adoption of the Federal Constitution Of 1887
which introduced for tho first time the election
Of national officers. In 1888 and again In 1902
Washington was the sole candidate for the
Presidency, being nominated, as it were, by
general consent. In regard to the vice-Presi.
dency. however. there was no preconcerted
agreement in 1888, as is shown by the scattering
votes In the electoral colleges. In 1892, on tho
other hand, although there is no extant evidence
Of any meeting, public or private. 1t was gener-
ally understood that the electors opposed to
Hamilton's financial policy would vote for George
Clinton. Tho existence of such All under
standing was disclosed by the fact that there
wero only four scattering votes for Vice. Presi.
dent. all tho rest of the electors voting for
either Adams or Clinton. Mr.. Dalllnscr goes on
to show that. In 1895. there is no conclusive
proof that any formal meeting was held by the
members Of Congress OF either party. Adams
and Jefferson. however. were the recognized
candidates of the Fedcralist and Republican par
ties respectively for the Presidency. But. al.
though Adams was designated by tho general
consent Of his party, thoro seems to have been
some secret electiOneering on tho part OF Hamil-
ton to Illustrate tho wishes of the great mass of
the Federalists. Tho chief ground for this be-
lief 10 the positive statement made by John
Adams. In 1903, speaking of the institution of
the caucus. he says: alexander Hamilton was
the greatest organist that over played upon
this instrument. He made all the use no
could OF those bodies of Cincinnati and
others to prevent Mr.. Adams from be-
ing chosen Vico-Presldent lin 1881, At
the second election no was pleased to per-
init Mr.. Adams to have q considerable majority
as Vice-Presidept At tho third election he In
trigued with all his might to got Major Thomas
Pincknoy chosen President" Mr.. Dallinger has
not been able TO discover whether Hamilton's
i~ntrigues included tho calling Of acaucus of the
members OF Congress. such as Adams says that
he did call in 1900. There IL. however. some evil
denoe OF Q Republican caucus In l7o6. I'm the fact
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1897-11-27
THE CENTURY MAGAZINE
For The Coming Year.

THE CENTURY MAGAZINE, with lis No.
vember number, enters upon its twenty
seventh year. During its long existence,
by reason of its many notable successes,
1t has won an assured and commanding
position. During the coming year THE
CENTURY will sustain its exceptional posi-.
tion as Il magazine Of entertainment and
as leader in art and thought.
Its pictorial features will be notable,
and 1t will command the services of the
foremost artists, Illustrators and engrav-
ers of this country and of Europe.
Nothing like a complete announcement
of its literary features can be attempted
now. DIR. Weir Mitchci, whose novel OF
the American Revolution, "Hugh Wynne,'
is the great success of the year, has writ
ten new story for the present. volume.
1t bears 'the piquant title: "The Adven-
lures of Francois Founding, Adventurer,
Jusglar, and Fencing Master during the
French Revolution" The tale is full OF
romance and adventure. Mrs. Burton
Harrison contributes new novel of New
York life, called "Good Americans" in
which contempora ncous social types ana
tendencies are brightly mirrored and
described.
There will be group of clever stories
about horses and people who like horses.
under the general title of "Galops." "a
Woman's "reminiscences of the French
intervention in Mexico" will bc given in
a series Of graphic and highly picturesque
papers by Mrs. Cornelius Stevenson.
Further contributions to the interesting
series Of "IIerocs of Peace" will be made
by Jacob A. Riis, Gustav Kobbe, Elizabeth
Stuart Phelps Ward, and others.
For the bcIefit OF r.a lees OF TIE Cen
TURY an unusual combination offer is
made for this year. There has been is
sued "The Century Gallery of One Hun
dred Portraits" made up of the finest en-
cravings that have appeared IN the maya
zine, and representing total expenditure
of nearly $4,000. These are printed on
heavy plate-paper, with wide margins,
like proofs The retail price of the gal
lery Is $3.50, but this year 1t will be sold
only III connection with a subscription to
THE CENTURY, the price Of the two to-
gether being $3.50.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1897-11-27
Premature,

A student of Yale collage. who
belonged to chemistry class before
the members of which Professor
Silliman was going to experiment
with laughing gas, knew little
about the effects of the gas, and he
explained to his companions that
since under its influence no one was
responsible for his words, he was
going to take the opportunity to tell
Professor Silliman what he thought
of him. Unfortunately Professor
Silliman overheard the conversa-
ton. When the professor remarked
that for the purposes of illustration
he should like to administer the gas
to some member of the class, the
plotter OF mischief ut once vOlun
tered The leather bag was con
nected with his mouth, and he soon
appeared much excited. He began
to abuse the professor and to say
many things which he would not
have dared to say except under cover
of the peculiar circumstances. Pro-
lessor Silliman allowed him to 20
on for some time and then casually
remarked that his young friend had
become prematurely irresponsible,
for the o"- had not yet been turned
"n s}s. francisco Argonaut.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1897-11-27
Married q ChlnaMan.

a Randolph dispatch to the Bur-
lington Free Press aays:
\ Chinese wedding in town? Not
exactly, but nearly that, when i'm
Lee, the chinese laundryman, mar
ried Miss Jennie, the I6-year-old
daughter of II. r Buttcrfield and
wife. There has been considerable
talk over the affair and from some
sources it has caused much unfavor-
able comment. The ceremony re-
ceived the entire appreciation of the
girls parents and it was performed
by Rev. George w. Morrow.
Jim Lee has run laundry here
for the past two years until within
the past two weeks. He dresses
like Americans and is quite an intel
llgent fellow. Previous 10 the we'd
ding ceremony he had his promised
wife cut off his queue. Those who
witnessed this said that he had trem-
bled considerably, as it ever shut
him off from returning to his native
land, or seeing his parents again.
1t was a trying ordeal for him.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1897-11-27

In Scotland when an infant is to
he baptizal the father is bound to
show some kind of speaking nc
quaintanco with the shorter cate
chism. One day II collier went to
his minister to bespeak him for the
christening of his child. How
many commandments hae yef"a,,k-
ell the mini ,ter. Twenty" re-
joined the collier, who was forth
with sent back to pursue his studies
in elementary theology. On his way
he met IL brother miner who was
going to the minister on a similar
GRAND. How many command
ments haze ye, Jocks" asked the
first. Ten. " "Oh. you needn't
trouble him wi 10; offered him
20 the while, but he wasna salts
fed. '-,Hullsehold Words.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1897-11-27
His OpiaiOn of tho Regiment.

The commanding officer of Il corps
was much troubled about the per-
sistent uni .dinoss of one OF his men.
Reprlmand ard punishment we're
unavailing The man was lncorrigi-
BILE and remained as dirty as ever.
A brilliant i,lea struck the colonel.
Why not march him up and down
the whole line Of the regiment and
shame him into decercy. 1t was
done. The Nntidy warrior. who
hailed from the Emerald Isle, Was
ordered to exhibit himself and
march up AMI down the entire regi,
mont. and the men were told to
have Il good look at him. The TN
nbashel Pat halted, saluted the
colonel, and said, in the herring of
the whole corps, with the utmost
sang froid. "Dhirtiest regiment
iver inspected, 'sorrr - Pearson's
Weekly.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1897-11-27
NEWS OF THE STATE.

Mrs. Louise Dean belong. wife
OF William belong of West Corn
wall, shot herself at about noon on
Saturday in fit of despondencv.
The bullet entered her right temple
and penetrated her skull. She is
fatally injured. She is about sixty
years old.
A Swcde marble quarryman, liv
ing near Proctor, met with queer
accident while wheeling home from
Centre Rutland. The wheel was
suddenly lifted into the air and the
Swede with it. The wheel was bad
ly injured and the rider sustained
slight cuts and bruises. A hole was
made in the ground and it was dis
covered the wheelman had run over
a dynamite cartride and it had eX-
ploded.
While hunting on Florida noun
tain near Bennington Monday, Il
party of young men came across
four black bears. They killed one
and wounded another which they
followed rs lar as they could, but it
succeeded in getting away. The one
they snot was in fine condition and
weighed 40 pounds.
Charles S. Carroll of Randolph,
formerly a prominent merchant OF
Stockbridge and postmaster for sew
eral wears, died quite Suddenly Mon
day. ---
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1897-11-27

M. Mouchon is said to have con-
structed Il really practical solar ma
chine for the purpose of distilling
water in regions where supply for
drinking cannot easily be obtained.
The apparatus is portable, being
carried on the back of a man with
out trouble. 1t will distill ~ quarts
an hour, or 9 gallons day, enough
to supply six or eight men. In
Egypt, India and certain other parts
of the world campaigning is render
ed much more difficult by lack of
drinking water, and contrivanoe
Of this sort is likely to be of the ut
most value, furnishing the essential
fluid in hvalthful state and en-
abling the soldiers to cook their food
rapidly. In some countries it is out
of the question to get good drinking
water.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1897-11-27
TRANSLATED from the German Of Schiller. ]

TRANSLATED from the German of Schiller. |
From the depths Of this low valley,
Whore o'erhangin; mis- o. ~" IS,
Oh, that ] could see the foJtpuil
Oh, that light my eyes wuUlG L,>.:;!.
Far above | see =. cen Ei.l.o.,s,
Ever fre1h C!.1 ovci far.
o thou dove, had t.y pin.oHi,
To those hills wo:... Iut,..!
HarmOnies from heaven are SOFA :lS
Tones too sweet for mo",ai ca,
And the gentle zephyrs wait me
Perfumes from II pun er sphere.
Golden fruits above are gleaMing,
Glistening mil the wuvin; trees,
And celestial flowers are blCo:nia.,
Chilled by no cold winters breeze.
Oh how glorious in that Sunshine
Must all heavenly Objects seem!
And the air--hUw pure ami DIicin,,
Swee,er than our widest dvra!ul
But the rushing torrent frigh;s nio
Tint between that fair land flows,
And its mad waves roar before E.e,
Threat ming DER my head to close.
One frail bark before me waiting,
But no boatman comes for me.
Only without fear and trembling
Can cross this narrow sea.
With trusting heart | venture
Faith is all the pledge with God.
With this passport will travel
On the shining, heavenwarI road.
-Lisette Clayton Hoo,i in Hoasekceper.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1897-11-27
Free Pills.

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