davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18
Celebration of the
Solemn Iridium.

The solemn iridium held in commem-
oration of the twenty-ffth anniversary OF
the dedication of st. Patricks Church
was brought to a close yesterday morning
by the celebration of pontifcal high mass.
The attendance was enormous, galleries.
nave and side aisles being packed with
people. Many hundreds more were un-
able to gain admittance. The mass began
ut O'Clock, but long before that hour
every seat IN the vast building was taken
and those who delayed their arrival had
to content themselves with standing room
and were fortunate if they succeeded in
getting beyond the outer doorway. 1t
would be difficult to estimate he number
of this remarkable congregati on, but a
very conservative estimate makes the
figures at least 5000. The heat was so ex-
cessive that many ladies were almost
prostrated, but happily for the even tenor
of this auspicious silver jubilee, 40 really
serious casualties occurred.
The intrinsic magni6cence OF the mass
was greatly assisted by the superb decora-
tons OF the sanctuary, which was almost
hidden by profusion of white blossoms,
tree palms, ferns roses and lilies. Art wed
with nature in producing an effect of the
utmost brilliance.
The celebrant Yesterday was Most Rev.
L. W. hIOTUan, ArCQ DlSDOp OF the diocese,
assisted by the following priests. who
without exception have at some time or
other been connected with the parish of
St. Patrick: Rev. William B. O'Connor,
assistant priest; Rev. P. J. Grey and Rev.
Michael King, deacons of honor; Rev. ].
+. Nugent, deacon at mass; Rev. j. 2.
Coyle, subdeacon at mass; Rev. z. T.. Null
ligan, master of ceremonies; Rev. P. J.
Quinn, assistant master of ceremonies.
OF the foregoing Father o. Connor now
of ST. ckton, acted in the same capacity at
this church twenty-five years ago. Father
Grey was pastor thirty-fve years ago, ten
years before the dedication of the present
ediice. Father King was assistant priest
thirty-eight years ago; Fathers Nugent
and Coyle were incumbents eighteen and
fifteen years ago respectively. and Father
MuIligan was formerly an altar-boy of the
church. Father Quinn is the present as
sistant. Among other priests In attend
ance were: Father ]. Brannan, Revs. j.
F. McGinty and Joseph MeQuade CT Holy
Cross Church, Rev. 2. r. Lynch OF st.
Thomas, Rev. P. s. Casey of st. Peter s,
Rev. J. Cannon of st. Brendan's. Rev. P.
J. Cummings of st. Charles, Revs. j. e.
Cottie and M. 2. Ryan of st. Brigid's,
Rev. W. P. Kirby OF st. Agnes. Rev. P.
Scanlan of ST. Joseph's, Rev. II. Wyman
of st. Mary's, Revs. ]. Dempsey and j. F.
Byrne of st. Mary's Cathedral.
The musical programme was in every
respect worthy OF the occasion. The or
dinary resources of the choir and organ
were augmented by picked orchestra of
twenty pieces and a treble quartet under
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18

Phillip Hammond, Hon. James d. Phe,an
Colonel w. p. Sullivan Jr., Hon. ]. v. Coffey
Hon. Frank H. Dunno, Rev D. G. Crowley
Most Rev. P. w. Riordan, Rev. p C. Yorse
Daniel o'Callaghan, Rev. Brother Erminod,
Rev. Brother Hosea, Rev. Brother Bettelin
Rev. Brother Waiter, w. Leahy, John Moi.
risey, Colonel T. +. Barry, Edward Walsh. s
H. Friedlander, DR.. eraser, #. Walsh Rev
Joseph Byrne, II. Callaghan, Frank ]. Suil' /.
van, A. ]. Costello James Costello. Colonel j
C. O'Connor, Colonel ]. F. Smith John
Grant, Patrick MCGEE, 4. ]. Tobin.
John Spottiswood. E. Lnby, G. J. McGlynn'
William Broderick, J. j. Dwyer, Martin OiDea,
Matt O'Donnell. W. +. Stafford, H. ]. Stafford
Matt Nunan, J. C. Neaion, DR.. A. T. Leonard
A. Is. Mcguire, Rev. William Quinn. DR.. j r.
Glbbon, Hon. Thomas Carew, Hon. C. Barring
ton, J; J. McDade, Ed Donnelly, ]. A. Lennon.
Sullivan, Joseph ]. Dimond. George w.
Shorten, John F. Fitzpatrick. Major
w. B. Hooper, Rev. Philip O'Ryan,
James L. Flood, Judge W. w. Morrow
Charles B. Flanagan, 4. ]. Rattigan, DR.. Con.
ran, DR.. CALVIN, William A. Dorham. John T.
Greaney, d. J. Costello, George E. Gallagher.
DIR. C. A. Clinton. Martin Farrell James Con-
lin, jeremiah Mahony, Daniel OSulliyan. DR.
NJ C. O'Toole, James OBrien, R. c..
O'Connor, Captain H. J. Meagher, P. F.
Walsh, P. j. Dunno, j. ]. Mahony.
Rev. Father OConnel. Rev. Father Foley'
Rev. Father Duffy, Rev: Father brennan.
Rev. Father Cummings, Rev. Father Lynch,
Rev. John Cottle. Rev. ]. Nugent Rev. D.
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18

st. Patrick's day, rightly termed the
holiday of the Irish race, was celebrated
in this City yesterday in manner appro-
pirate to its com bined religious and ma.
tional significance.
The fact that the devotional exercises of
the day took precedence of the secular
and were, if anything, more largely at
tended, served to substantiate the claim
to spirituality which is advanced by the
Catholic church on behalf OF her Irish
sons.
The silver jubilee of st. Patrick's
Church, which has been signalized by an
impressive iridium of special services,
closed yesterday with superb solemniza-
ton OF pontihoal high mass, more fully
noticed elsewhere.
The services at st. Mary's Cathedral
st. Francis Church and other Catholic
places of worship were also well attended.
In the afternoon large portion of the
Irish population was attracted to Metro
politan Hall, and in the evening to the
Mechanics Pavilion, where excellent pro-
grammes mainly composed of national
music and national oratory, were agree
ably rendered.
Probably the very latest event of the
days celebration was the banquet given
by the Knights of st. Patrick at belmont
co.'s, which proved notable success.
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18
St. Patriek's Knights
at Brilliant Banquet.

The twenty.second annual banquet of
the Knights of St. Patrick took place last
night at Delmonico's restaurant, and was
pronounced by all who shared i'll the good
things of the menu grand triumph in
every gastronomic, social and oratorical
sense of the term.
The handsome dining-room of the hotel
on the fifth floor, which was the scene of
the festivities, presented truly brilliant
spectacle when at $50 o'clock the folding
doors were thrown open and the guests
took their seats to the strains of march
from Sousa.
Frank T. Shea, president of the Knights
of st. Patrick, presided, and among the
guests were the following weli-known citi-
Zens:
Phelan, James R. Kelly, Frank T. Shea Joseph
McKenna, H. T. Cres well, Joseph L Dimond,
John Reid, w. c. Cook, Colonel T. F. Berry,
stanton Hon j. D%y1E Golenel
Rurret,, DR.. E. E. Hill, J. A. Lennon, P. T.
Mccormack, Thomas K. Bannerman, T.
J.: Welsh, J. NJ. Madden, James Butler,
Collum. Peter Scully, John Ross Eugene Lent
W. F. Humphrey, Arthur McGuerren, DR.. W.
NJ S Beede, John ]. Barrett, James Shea, NJ.
Kavanagh. P. F. Butler. NJ. c. Hassett. J. T.
Greaney, Professor Law Taffe, Joseph E.
O'Donnell, A. NJ. McCabe. John Quadt,
P. Broderick, p. j. Thomas, Generals. S. Bam-
berger, DR.. J. F. Gibbon, Hon. J. Coffey, John
Mulhern, jeremiah Deasy, 7. r. Bannerman.
jeremiah v. Coffey, Edward ]. Coffey Hon. E.
j. Smith, Joseph Haworth. George w.
Ryan, James j. Gildea, Charles Keilus,
William B. Dunning, John D. Phelan,
NJ. J. Bohannan, Hon. T. f. Dundon, DR.. E. w.
Westphal, Charles P. Mcdonald, Edward L.
Caniffe, P. A. Mcdonald, John Grant, R. Bun
ton. W. d. Shea, L. A. SIeiger. Matthew Kelle-
her, Charles Koehler, E. J. Coffey, +. K.
O'Keefe, William Mccain, H. l.. WEIGH.
James +. Leahy, A. Rudgar, John B. Davitt
Peter Daily, John Mallon. NJ. C. O'Toole, NJ. D.,
6. w. Shorten, d. O'Suliivan, d. E. Condor,
John E. Frederick, Edward B. Thomas, M. v.
Brady, J. R. Tobin, ]. J. Donnegan, B. ]. Burr,
Patrick NJ McGee, T. ]. Watson, James ]. o. Brien,
John Cash, +. C. Raborg, Senator William
Cronan. Charles J. McGlynn, Daniel J. Leahy.
In his opening address the president,
+. T. Shea. reviewed history of the
Knights of st. Patrick and referred with
feeling to the departure of former mem
bers of the society.
A great deal of enthusiasm was aroused
when the secretary, T. !. Stanton, rose to
read congratulatory letters from Justin
Mccarthy, MP, and Edward Blake, M. P,
to whom invitations had beer extended.
Mr.. Mccarthy wrote as follows:
73 Eaton Terrace
LONDON, s. w., Feb. "a, 1897
My Dear Sir: When l tell you that have.
according to my annual Gus tom for many years,
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18

Nugent. Rev. Father Kirby, Rev. James Flood.
Rev. E. Allen, Rev. Father Ferguson, Rev,
Father McFadden, Rev. E McKinnon, Rev. W.
6; O'Mahoney, Rev. F; N; Prelato, William
Mulvin, Barley Leo. John Ryall, NJ. Fitzgerald,
Captain H. Wrinn; J. c. Ryan, J. p.
O'connel, ]. P. Dignan, J. P. Henry,
J. ]. OBrien, P. Broderick, NJ. J. Vaughan,
Judge J. F. Sullivan, Eugene O,Connor
Thomas Gainford, r. J. O'Reilly, Frank T.
Shea, John Downey, Thomas Afford, NJ. OMa-
honey, N. Conlan. O.. F.. Rooney. Charles
OBrien, J. S. Young, John Rooney, NJ. Shaugh-
messy. Sam McFadden, NJ. J. Manning, Thomas
Golden. Frank Foley, ?. }. Mccormick, Cap
tain d. ]. Sullivan, Matthew kayanaugh,
James Coughlin, DR.. W. Ii. Sullivan, o. NJ
Brennan. A. NJ. Lawrence.
The programme opened with an organ
prelude of popular airs by Professor M.
Morgan. after which the chairman de-
livered brief Introductory address,
TO the Irish people," he said, ''St. Pat
rick's day mas double Significance This
morning in our churches the triumphs
and giories of Patrick we're eloquently set
set forth by talented pulpit orators. but
this afternoon and evening we assemb
in our thousands to pledge anew our love
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18


and devotion to the old land, and again
enter our protest against the brutality of
her rulers. England has forced the Irish
people out of their native land to become
wanderers over the face of the earth, think
ing they would trouble her no more. But
has she got rid OF them? No; she meets
them everywhere, and wherever they have
influence that influence is used against
her, and nowhere is it more potent than
in this great republic of the West.
.'St. Patrick's day" he continued, "has
been accepted by common consent as Ire
lands national holiday, and it will re-
main such until some other day takes its
place-some other day on which a gifted
son of the Irish race at the head OF a
united people shall win nor freedom. and
either with his pen or with his sword
write the epitaph OF Robert Emmett"
An original poem, prepared by M.
E. OConnor for the occasion, was feel
ingly read by Miss Gertrude Cahalin. OF
the fourteen stanzas the following selec-
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18

ley, w. P. Harmon, Richard Corbett, Judge NJ.
Coorey, DR.. Brennan, Captain Delany, Robert
Ferral, G.. j. Byrne. R. Pendergast, Rev. Father
Prendergast. Rev. p. e. Mulligan, Rev Charles
A. Ramm, Rev. Father Carraher, Rabbi Jacob
Voorsanger, Rabbi j. Nieto, Rabbi H. Levy,
Rev. James Mcdonald, Thomas H. FaIlon,
James Butler. John O'Gara, Judge Charles T.
Conan, Judge John Hunt, Thomas Price, d.
r. Mcneil. r. J. Thomas, F. X. Ryan, Judge
Charles w. Slack, Thomas Lundy, Frank Conk-
lin, Hon. E. w. McKinstry, Joseph O'Con-
nor, Hon. II. I. Creswell, P, II. Flynn,
Michael Meagher, William Greer Harrison,
Joseph McKenna, Rev. Joseph McQuaide, Rev.
J. McGinty, Rev. her Egan, Rev. Father
Mcmahon, Rev. Father McNal.y, Rev. Father
Gleeson, Rev. H. Wyman &c. s. P.), Rev. Joseph
Hickey (S J.). Rev. Father Freiden g.. J.), Rev.
Edward Dempsey, Rev. Father Woods Is. J.),
r. Z. Nolan, Garret w. McEnerney, J. j.
Flynn, NJ. J. Hart, T. Lyons. J. J. Donovan,
Colonel John O'Byrne, Bernard Higgins.
Thomas r. Bannerman, Jerome Deasy, James
r. Kelly, Rev. M. D. Connolly. Rev. Father
Coyle, DR.. Robert j. O'Conneil, James Rogan,
Charles E. McAuliffe, J. j. O'Toole, Rev. John
Brennan. Rev. Peter J. Grey. James H. Barry,
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18

solos respectively, which were enthusi-
astically encored. A humorous dramatic
sketch entitled, THE Silent SYSTEM"
presented in mastery manner by Miss
Freda Gallick and Louis Butler Of the CO.
lumbia Theater, was one of the most
gramme, and Miss Georgia Stone, also of
the Columbia, was loudly applauded for
her clever recitation, "The Jealous
Wife,
Miss N c. Kirby and Miss Kitty Black,
both pleasing soprano vocalists, gave ma
tion al flavor to the entertain ent, the for
mer singing Moore's believe Me-" and the
latter The star-spangied Banner" A trio
composed of Miss Pearl Noble, Miss Maud
Noble and Miss Mildred Clarke sang
kathleen Msvourneen" and ''Sh ule
Agrau" very effectively, and Mrs. kim
balD FltZsimOnS' harp selections, "GemS
OF Erin," were also greatly enjoye ed.
David Manlloyd's fine rendering of .The
Minstrel Boy" completed the musi cal por-
tion of the programme.
Just before the delivery of ]. j. Bar
rett's Grafton a diversion was created by
the unexpected entry of J. ]. Donovan,
the State president of the Ancient Order
OF Hibernians, who on behalf of that body
presented tie chairman. Mr.. Mulhern,
with tasteful badge representing the
American flag and the rising sun of Ire
land in conjunction. This presentation
was in the nature Of tribute to Mr.. Null
hern's patriotic activity.
Mr.. Barrett then spoke in part as fol-
lows:
A patriotic people taking to the battlefield
of their native land to preserve the liberty
achieved for them by their fathers, or TO
secure the freedom which the sovereignty of
nations meant them to enjoy, is magnificent
spectacle rarely surpassed in the sphere OF
human action. 1t challenges the sympathy
and admiration of the world. Whether they
succeed or fail, the verdict is that t is proud
deed, and those who made the endeav0r earn
long life in the memory OF the race.
But there is another spectacle which sur
passes even this in grandeur, and that is the
sight of a people, although banished from
fatherland by its relentless misruler, though
separated forever from kindred and loved
ones, scattered over every quarter OF the globe
and driven to seek subsistence in foreign
lands. the sight of a people who, despite all
this, have carried with them in their wander
ings, from youth to manhood and from man.
hood to the grave, an undfmin1shed love Tor
their native land, an unfaltering determine.
tion that their country shall yet be free, that
its wrongs shall vet be righted, and day after
day and hour after hour gather together In
exile to encourage and cheer each other, and
with united voice to make petition TO the all
merciful God 10 let fall the avenging arm
which has cast its shadow for years upon its
inhuman oppressor. The Roman was proud
OF his country when 1t vas first in wealth,
power and achievements.
But when one native land has neither power
nor place among the empires of the world and
her only glory is a willingness to earn and en-
Joy her freedom, then to love ones country
ana to be proud of ii, to be proud to live for 1t
and 10 be willing TO die for it, is PATRIOTS m
heaven born. That is the character OF the
love of their native land that stamps the Ii ish
race.
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18

Christianity. This is festival not of one
city, or country, but of the people whose
feet are on every strand. Together we
gether to celebrate the memory of Him
who first brought the tidings OF great joy.
This is day sacred to faith it is the SYM
boil of the cross, which has always bound
Irish piety to Irish patriotism. 1t tells of
the man whose national ,riumphs have
lent him fame; it is the fulilment OF that
wondrous mission which made the chill
dren of Erin a chosen generation. Each
nation has its own conception Of wha.
constitutes glory.
"Some celebrate those men whose actions
are considered great, or those events which
are supposed to cast luster upon its his
tory. So the Irish race celebrates its fes-
tival, but our hearts are elevated above
the petty cares of the world, and are
placed upon a high mountain of faith.
To the eyes of the spirit is shown the eter-
nal battle between right and wrong, the
fight between light and darkness. Ii the
soul be higher than the body and if heaven
be nobler ian the earth. then this day of
faith tells OF heaven, and is glorious with
the glory that makes it inferior to none
of the festivals celebrated by the sons of
men,"
The speaker closed his exordium with
an eloquent review of the missionary la
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18
ions will serve to show its patriotic char.

ecter:
Saint Patrick, thou who waitest
The Eternal Throne beside,
OF patron saints the greatest
Thy children scattered wide
This day ON myriad meetings
by forest, lake and sea,
A hundred thousand greetings
Watt heavenward to thee!
o brethren of the wldelysundered Gael
Whose longing eyes are fixed on inntsfail.
Two watcnwo ds thrill -Our ancient fervid blood
st Patrick's Faith and Ern's NatiOnhood!
For one or both your sres have fought and died;
In cause of both their hearts have been allied
Twin sha ers Of peoples smiles and tears
ACROSS the span of twice five hundred yearsI
o Patrick prince of saints! what words may tell
Thy star bright story or expound the spell
That graved in Erin's inmost heart thy name
And fired her pulse with faiths undylng flame.
Til s:reamed The lighi of learning and Of grace
To many far-off land and pagan race.
Nor ceased to SHINE with steadfds. glow
Adown the tear-fraught centuries OF woe,
Till now stand within the noontide blaze
Uf that same faith that IN those oldeu days
On Tara's hill was lit.
1t concludes:
What means to-day this gulf stream of affection
for the west?
What sings the message-laden breeze from DER
What tidings flash the vibrant wires from many
lands to thee?
All! they answer back the foeman's taunt, the
riba'd d jibe and sneer:
Thy children's fealty cheers thy heart. they bid
thee have no faaE
Thy right TO natiOnho0d safe; the birthright,
never sold,
Cannot be- snatched by robber hands or bought by
traitor gold.
Then swing alOft that banner old 1t tells ofold
OF santhood and Of nattonhood to the widely SUM-
dered Gael!
Rhys Thomas and ]. ]. Rafael of
OF the Tivoli contributed tenor barytone
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18
The Celebration at
St. Francis Church

st. Francis Church was the scene of an
impressive soIemnization of high mass
yesterday, the celebrant being Father
Heslan. assisted by Father Vallidamat,
deacon. and Father Giles, sub-ieacon.
The church was crowded. and among
those in attendance were the League Of
the Cross Cadets Hibernians and the Gen.
ilemen's Solidarity.
The choir having sung St. Patrick 8
hymn, Mozarts Twelfth Mass" was
splendidly rendered. Father Caraher
preached an appropriate sermon from st.
John xv:16 II have chosen you and ap-
pointed you that you should go and bring
forth fruit. and that your fruit should re-
main." applying the text to the life of St.
Patrick
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18
An Afternoon at
METROPOLITAN Hall

The literary and musical exercises in
honor Of ST. Patrick's day commenced at
Metropolitan Hall at o'clock yesterday
afternoon ia the presence of large audi
ence.
The president Of the civic convention,
John Mulhern, occupied the chair, and q
large proportion of the following vice
presidents also occupied seats upon the
platform:
ant NJ Mannix, Captain ]. Sheehy, I. p. Crow
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18
the leadership of Professor Dohrmann.

the leadership of Professor Dohrmann.
The musical programme was follows:
.Gratias Agannis," choral for four from
bones with organ .obligato; Kyrie and
Gloria, from Roeder's mass in d; Credo
from Roeder; offertory by Crouch, ar
ranged by J. h. Dohrmann; Sanctus,
Agnus Del, Dona Nobis, by Roeder; Veni
Creator. arranged by J. II. Dohrmann;
Rom berg's TIE Deum; Post Ludium, by
orchestral; Irish melodies, arranged by
Keppitz.
Rev. Father Yorke delivered the sermon
of the day. in which he dealt at length
with the life and work of st. Patrick. the
patron of the church and Ireland's great
apostle. He presented a retrospect of the
successful development of the church
since it's dedication twenty-five years ago,
referring pathetically to the vcisstndes
which have removed many members of
the flock during that period. Speaking of
the saint ne said: HE is more than the
patron of race, he is the patron Of
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18
ORATOR J. J. BARRETT at Metropolitan Temple.

bors of st. Patrick and the history OF
Catholicism subsequent to his death, con-
tending that Irish priests and Irish mon.
asteries Kept alive the flame of faith and
learning throughout the long period of
darkness which followed the incurs1ons of
the northern barbarians.
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18
ADJUSTMENTS

BALDWIN THEATFR.-"Gismonda"
ChLIFoRNIA 1EEATFR.-''N Noces de Jeanette "
and " Cavalleria Rustcana"
COLUMBIA THEATER-.' -.'rhe Foundling"
COLUMBIA THEATER.-Symphony Concert this
afternoon at $50 O'Clock.
MoRosco 5 OPERA HOUSE, Eagles Nest"
AIcAzAR THEATER Jim, the Penman."
TIvoLI OPERA HOUSE Pinafore."
ORPHEUM.- High Glass Vaudeville.
OBEBoN.-Grand Concert.
MECHANICS PAvILIoN-Bicycle Races, Satur-
dav evening.
sUTho BATHS Bathing and performances.
HE CHUTES AND SKATING RINK-Dauy at
balght street. one block east of the Park
lAkLAND RA CE TRACK.-Races to-day.
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18
NEW TO-DAY.
MUNYON'S
RHEUMATISM
CURE.

Munyon's Rheumatism Cure is GU aran-
teed to be absolutely harmless and strong
tonic in building up the weak and debili-
tated. II cures acute or muscular rheu.
matism in from one to five DAYS. Sharp,
shooting pains in any part of the body
stopped by few doses. A prompt, COM
plete and permanent cure for iameness
soreness, stiff back and all pains in hips
and loins. Chronic rheumatism, sciatica,
lumbago or pain in the back are speedily
cured. It seldom fails to give relief from
one to two doses, and almost invariably
cures before one bottle has been used.
Price 25c.
Munyon's Dyspepsia Cure positively
cures all forms of indigestion and stomach
troubles. Price CSC.
Munyon's Kidney Cure speedily cures
pains in the back, loins or groins and all
forms OF kidney disease.
Munyon's VitaIizer, price 81.
A separate specific for each disease. At
all druggists. mostly 25 cents a vial
Personal letters to Prof. Munyon, 1905
Arch street, Philadelphia, Pa, answered
with free medical advice for any disease.
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18
AUCIION SALES.

IY FRANK W. PuTTERFIELD-This day. Marcn
u.s. Flu urniture at 779 Mission st. at il o ciock'
BY 6. FAscH-This day. March lS furniture
ai S19- S21 Sutter street, at 10 80 O'Clock
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18
NEW TO-DAY.

Continued on Tenth Page.
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-18

NEW To-DAY-AMUsEMENrs.
The sun., 1897-11-14
Evolution Of the Road.

"Trace the history Of almost any
country road, and what do we learn: If
in the west track was hewn through
the forest, and later, when the country
was settled, this track was plowcd and
the dirt from the bitches was thrown
into the center Of the road. Each tax.
payer was compelled to furnish so much
labor in this road work, which was
done under the supervision Of road
ovcrseer who, nine times out of ten,
has no idea whatever Of roadbuilding.
Then came the turnpike system, where
pixies were built by private companies,
who were allowed to charge toll from
every traveller not afCot. This tax, col
lected at every tollgate, was considered
IN injustice to the farmers, the pixies
became unpopular, and finally in lndi-
ana and many western states the turn.
pike companies sold their roads to the
counties, and the roads then became
free again. Each county now i'll nearly
all western states maintains these roads
by the old system OF a road tax, paid
either in labor or money. Turnpikes
owned by private corporations are ex-
ceedingly unpopular everywhere now
St. Louis Globe Democrat.