The San Francisco call., 1897-03-27

dfdate for the Office of President OF the onlteo
arst tes may receive the highest popular vote'
yet not secure the Office Presidea1S are r,snu
with the exception of John quincy Adams,
who was chosen by the House OF Represen..as
tives, were the only Presidents ever sirCi1u rin.
who q i'd not have a majority over their prin-
cipal competitors, Tilden and Clevelana, ine
only defeated candidates. who had majority
over the President-eiect.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIoNs-B G. W., Angels
Camp, CaIaveras Count Cal. II the ohlteu
States should recognize the Deiilgerehcs VI
Cuba 1t would not necessarily cnange in.e
tional re ations with Spain any more tnan ~
d d between theUnited States ana treat Drllain
when the latter recognized the beiligerency ~ /
theSouthern Confeceracy. BY sucn Iecos. -.
ton both the parent state and the Dell -,
would acquire certain rlgntsip spirSt.n in This
issue.
NEwspApERs-H. c. NJ, City In enterprise
and the presentation of news the newspapers
of the United States, as a rule, are far IN ao-
vance of those of European countries. In .he
makeup and typographical appearance 'te
leading newspapers are fnhnitely suPo. iut "
the foreign ones; ana as 10 Size a of the
United States, to use an ordinary eAPlSssiuuh,
..beat the world" AS to literary merit, lne
papers of the United States nave Us gOon .nrsign
countries.
THE DEVIL AND THE DEEP SEA-W. II. City.
The origin of the phrase Between the devil
and the deep sea" is not certain. 1t mas Deen
traced back to 1887 in work printed In Lon
don bearing the title Expedition with MAC
kay's Regiment" That regiment was with the
army of Gustav Adoiph, and gagebh I,nsrs IN ua.
tie with the Austrians. The swedish gunners
failed to elevate their guns properly, SO their
shot fell into the ranks Of their allies. Inc
Scotch regiment with the enemy on ore sue sue
T. A,,vz nn
the writer Of the book. "were between tne
devil and the deep sea-" 1t is thought that
the expression had been used before that
time.
BELLIGERENT RIGHTs-C. c., Ross Valley, Ma
rim County, Cal. England did rec gnize tne
Southern Confederacy as beillgereht Win
equal rights TO supplies and hospitality guar
anteed by such recognition. That gave to the
Confederate States facilities and opportunities
which were energetically used. The question
OF recognizing q body Of people at war with
another is settled by proclamation wnlch
recognizes the belligerency of the people
claiming belligerent rights. This was the case
when England recognized the Southern Con-
federacv. Queen Victoria issued the proca.
nation. The expedency of sucn an act must
be governed by the seriousness OF the strue-
gle. The tesI is whether an absolute state OF
hostility exists-not tr!h,ng or Localized, put
serious enough to affect the interests OF Inc
other States. 1t bee, mes to certain extent
question of probability, while the recognition
Of independence involves purely question OF
iact-whe ther the attempt OF the parent state
| to coerce its rebelliOus member. mas ceased.
"The recognition of beliigerency," says
Theodore S: Woolsey. well-known writer
| on international law, sis by no means one
sided in its operation. 1t gives rights 10 both
combatants. To the insurgent 1t gives the
right of beliigerents the recognition OF It's nag,
| right TO raise loans. quasi poliucal status
| without diplomatic standing. On the other
hand the parent state can no longer be helo
responsible tor the rebellious acts OF It's re-
| bellious subjects. 1t can employ the rights OF
| blockade, of capture for Carrying contraband,
| of search against its enemies, thus affecting
neutral commerce. In fact, all parties recog-
nize as fact that a war exists between two
com batants, the question of independence be-
ing yet IN abeyance. Judged by these tests
| the recognition of the Southern Confederacy
| by Great Britain and France i'll 1861 was
proper and necessary, but the recognition OF
| its independence was at no time justinable."
England did not recognize the independ-
ence Oh the Southern Confede racy. Unless
England had recognized the Independence OF
the States she could not have sent "vessels
loaded with ammunition TO the Southern Con-
fedeI acy." Her proclamation of the belliger-
ency gave the United States the right to
blockade Southern ports and to search neu-
trail vessels. There were mum ber of English
vessels not under authority OF the English
Governmen that carried arms and supplies to
the Southern ports, and q mum Der OF them
were captured tor Carrying contrabands OF
war. The Confederate Government passed
law directing all English vessels entering its
would not be admitted. This department is
unable to discover how many British steam
ers tried to made landing at Southern
ports during the war.