davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04

days only before the seed is sown in It.
and as plants are harder and healthier
from being grown in soil not overheated.
there is no advantage in using a hot
bed. and the trouble and expense Of having
one need not be incurred
There are not many who need to be told
how cold frame is made Most every
seedsman's catalogue illustrates how IL is
made. frame made out of good pine
plank will last and render good service for
many years. A hasty frame can be made
by merely lacking four pieces of 6 or S-inch
plank together and pressing the front into
the soil several inches. leaving the back
side sitting on the level surface. This will
give slope of several inches to the sun.
ana be sufficient TO turn the water readily
from the sash. These frames are usually
made feet wide by 6 feet long covered
with two sash each by feet
The usual methods of making frames,
however, is to make the back piece of T.
inch plank, and the front of 6-inch The
side or end pieces are sawed out to CORE
spond with these two widths. The frame
is then set on the top of the soil after it
has been well prepared. on the outside of
the frame enough soil is banked up against
1t to turn away the water of cold rains
which aids in keeping in the heat accumu-
lated in the inside. The frame should be
nailed together very closely and the glass
sash made to fit likewise, so as to exclude
as much as possible all air. and to prevent
the heat accumulated in the day from be-
ing dispelled at night
The cold frames should be put In good
condition a week before the time of seed
sowing and even in January. if the sash
is kept on uninterruptedly for a week or
even less time. the soil will get fully
warmed If the sun shines and capable of
terminating in few days any of our veg
etable seeds that it is desired to start
then. The soil being thoroughly fined and
enriched with some good old compost,
Chat has been well fermented) after SOW
ing the seed, the soil in the frames should
be made properly moist by watering with
water fresh from the well, or some that
has been heated up to a hundred degrees
If it Is convenient. The sash should be
then fitted on closely and kept on until
the seeds have terminated After the
plants are up, good air should be admit
ted to them during the warm part of the
day else they are liable to grow up spind-
ling, and this they must not be allowed to
do. Plenty of fresh air must be given and
just enough water to keep them in healthy
growth.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
A word OF Checr.

We think it is plainly evident that we
are on the eve of a period of prosperity.
Prices will rise to a paying basis and live
careful farmers will do well. But we
must farm right, or good times will not
benefit us. The day OF the slip-shod farm
err is gone forever. Sloveny. haphazard.
halfway methods will never bring sue
cess. We must keep up with the times
he prompt i'm adopting the best methods
of cultivating, seeding and harvesting,
and keep up the fertility of the soil If
we farm right, and farm no more land
than we can thoroughly til, success is
assured. I would be well for us to keep
in mind the fact that we are competing
with the world. Farmers In other coun-
tries have the advantage in some particu-
lars but with the aid of our improved ma
chinery, matchless agricultural journals
and intelligent eXperimenters and investi-
gators we can easily keep in the front
rank, if we Will. Let the good day come!
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
The Future OF Hay Farming.

The desire to cultivate as much land as
possible in order to get the most possible
from it has led to general neglect of mea-
dow and pasture lands, says the American
Cultvator. Only when it was found that
the soil had lost so much fertility that
It would not pay for cultivating was it
seeded down or left to grow up with such
herbage, both weeds and grass, as nature
provided. The result is that most of the
land now in grass is by that very fact
discredited as being presumably fit for
nothing else. Yet there is in all grass land
a constant tendency to increase in fer
tility 1t is so even when the land is left
10 grow up with weeds and bushes. These
shelter the surface, hold the leaves that
fall on the land from being blown away.
The decomposition of these leaves grad
uaiy builds up soil, and to this must be
added the excrement from animals fed
on the heritage which the soil is still able
to grow.
Usually when the improvement of grass
land is determined upon the sod to be
turned under and rot is regarded as an
important part of the soil assets. I'M
proving the land as meadow or pasture
by manuring it and still keeping it I'M
powed is hardly ever thought Of Yet,
as in most cases this grass land is. even
with manure. not quite rich enough for
profitable cropping the experiment Is
worth trying OF applying it to such ma
nure as can be had and see what the in
creased grass or hay product viii be
worth. This is done successfully In Eng
land. Why may it not be also in the older
parts of this country? The demand for
hay is generally good in oh eastern cities.
VIII it pay to fertilize grass 10 . so as
TO make the growing Of hay F table!
If it will not pay TO maintain 'lity IN
grass land, the logical sequen IS that
all hay or grass taken from it helps 70
reduce fertility so that the soil will be
worth nothing for the production of any
kind of crop.
Ii is likely that in the future, as in the
bast, most of the hay crop in this country
win be produced in the years when the
rotation between cultivated crops and
grass requires that the land be seeded
bur climate is not moist like that of Eng
land. Hence it cannot keep a good SOD
tnany years without blowing and reseed'
ing. This also is so much the best fol
fear that the profits of cultivated crops
win so lessen the amount of land in grass
that there will not be hay enough to feed
With grain and coarser fodder, nor that
" will fail to be supplied at reasonable
bricps
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
should be used only where we have very

should be used only where we have very
rich soil
The first and most important ingredient
IN phosphates is phosphoric acid and US
ually it averages from eight to twelve
pounds to the hundred, but frequently we
ind it lower, and seldom higher. In very
rare cases we have known it to run as
high as IS to II per cent, in which case
such fertilizer, without any other ingre-
dent is adapted only for rich bottom land.
Phosphoric acid is a compound of phos-
phorus and oxygen, and is indispensable
to plant life. 1t forms the principal in
gredient in most commercial fertilizers,
and in some cases, as acidulated goods,
forms the sole ingredient of value.
The principal sources of phosphoric
ACID in phosphates is from the siftings of
charred or burnt bones and rock phos-
pilates. but in raw bone fertilizer it is
already in the bone, tankage, etc. There
are three kinds of phosphoric acid as
analysed by the state chemist. namely,
soluble. reverted and insoluble phosphoric
acid Soluble phosphoric acid is capable
of being dissolved by the moisture in the
soil, and is absorbed by the minute roots
and used as plant food. Reverted phos-
phoric acid has the same productive prop
critics as soluble phosphoric acid, but it
is termed reverted on account of a chem
zeal change that takes place in the pro-
cess OF mixing by the manufactures. In
soluble phosphoric acid is not capable of
beng dissolved by the moisture in the
soil; therefore, it is not absorbed by the
plants and is of no value as plant food.
The term available phosphoric acid
means the sum total of soluble phosphoric
acid and reverted phosphoric acid, and in
selecting brand of goods always aim to
get as high per cent. of these as posi-
BE, and as low per cent. of insoluble as
possible PhOsphoric acid is not so ben
efcial in the growth of a wheat crop
as it is in the development of a large full
head and plump round grains There is
no soil but what should be abundantly
supplied with phosphorio acid to insure a
good wheat CroC
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
BE "a Farmer ana he a Man.
The Practical Farmer.

Inc ITaCllcdl baImer.
The year 1896 has passed into history.
1t brought much of happiness and not a
little of sorrow and disappointment. In
many cases the experiences were more
sharply defined than they had ever been
before, but in their essential elements they
were the same as those of preceding years.
Some of them will never be forgotten. We
may, and we ought TO learn wisdom from
them, but we need also to remember that
they belong to the past, and that the
events and the duties of the present and
the future. which are bringing both OPP
portunites and responsibilities, demand
our immediate and our most earnest at
tention.
The year 1897 is opening with large pos
sibilties for those who, having learned
wisdom from what they have gone
through in the past. are ready to make
the most of whatever the future has in
store for them. The condition of affairs
in the country at large though far from
being what is desired, is much more
hopeful than It has been at various times
in our national history. There is certain
~ marked Improvement over the past
year, and there are strong evidences that
a greater degree Of prosperity is near at
hand.
AS an Individual, the farmer shares, to
some extent. in the business condition of
the country. and will be benefited by what
ever tends to make 1t prosperous; but his
main reliance for success must always
be upon his own personal efforts. He
cannot be lifted into any permanent pros
| perity by legislation, or floated into it by
a wave of commercial activity. AS far as
human power Is concerned. he must work
out success for himself If it ever is to be
won. 1t is well to begin the new year
| with this fact In view. 1t may not be
| necessary for any given farmer to work
| harder than he did last year, but 1t may
be possible, i'm some cases, to work in a
better manner than has ever been done
in the past. BY taking more time for
reading and thinking about their work.
and planning how to perform it to the
| best advantage, some may be able 10
make shorter days in the field and yet
| increase the efficiency and add to the
profit of their physical toll
But material benefits are not the only
| things to be considered as we enter upon
another year of effort. Character Is TO
! be built up; the intellectual and the spirit
ual powers are to be developed. The
home life. too, must lie considered and
| be strengthened along all those lines
which make it a mighty power for good.
Social and political duties also must re-
| ceived attention A larger, fuller devel-
| opment Is needed, not merely by farmers.
| but by people of all callings. A man
should be more than a farmer, more than
a mechanic, more than a merchant. He
should strive to excel In his chosen field,
but he should not, by any means, con-
fine his labors to this one purpose. He
should be man in all that manhood
implies and should so live and labor
that the community In which he lives
will be better for his having lived In 1t.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
Commercial Fertilizers.
Bv Charles M. Patterson.

by NndFleS NJ. I-dLASASOhs
The word fertilize means to enrich, or
make productive; while the word fertili-
ger is the ingredient by which we fertilize
with. There are many kinds of fertilizers
now in practical use, but the two most inn
portant ones, which are most extensively
used are commercial fertilizers and barn
yard manures. Commercial fertilizers are
divided into phosphates and raw bones.
There are from IS to 80 pounds OF the
lOO pounds Of the so-called fertilizer that
are dead weight, and are composed OF
anything that is capable of being ground
me such as sand, clay earth, rocks, etc.
Inc phosphates are ground very fine,
ana with the exception of it's color 1t mas
lne appearance of flour.
Ihere are several minor ingredients in
pnosphates, but the three principal ones
oI any great Importance are phosphorlo
,acla' ammonia and potash. And a ferti-
,lAer that contains those three ingredients
- called a complete fertilizer. Some phos-
.'lales contain only phosphoric acid and
~, ammonia or potash. and are called
'e'o phosphates, or calculated goods, and
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
Kainit pliers From Ashes.

have always understood that 1t was
NOT advisable to compost potash with sta
BILE manure and other substances contain
ing ammonia, but see several writers re-
commencing the sprinkling OF KANT IN
tho stables and putting it also in the com
most with cotton seeds and horse manure.
win not the potash cause a waste of the
ammonia? -
1t is not permissible to use ashes in COM
most or to sprinkle in stable, but KANT
docs not have a like effect in disfecting
the ammonia, for in this case the nitrogen
and potash unite, forming nitrate OF po-
tasb or saItnetre. and is not wastful of the
ammonia as is the carbonate of potash in
the ashes. Use the KANT in the stables
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
Feeding Sheep.

C. f. Curtis, an authority on sheep,
says: "Those who set out to feed sheep
will do well to observe a few essentials.
First among these is a dry yard.
1t need not be large, but it must be dry
and well-bedded. Keep it fresh and clean.
Next, insist on absolute quiet Of the sheep.
If necessary, keep everybody and every,
thing out of the yard, except the man
who feeds them. Let nothing frighten or
disturb them. Wild, restless sheep never
fatten rapidly. Another essential is con-
slant access to clean, wholesome water.
Feed at regular intervals, and a uniform
ration. Make all changes very gradual
ly. Sheep cannot be put into full feed
in as short a time as cattle. Feeding too
heavily at the start is a very common mis-
take in all kinds of feeding. 1t is of the
utmost importance to start right. An
animal that is overfed at the start rarely
does well afterward. Another essential,
and one of the first things demanded, is
a feed trough that sheep will not get
their feet into. Clean this trough be-
fore every feed. If any grain is left, do
not expect the sheep to eat it. Remove
1t and give fresh grain. Regulate the
feed so that none will be left. Stale feed
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
Notes on Cabbage Growing.

There is no crop probably that gives the
gardener or trucker more pleasure and
profit than a well-grown crop of cabbages
a crop, for instance. Where not more
than 10 per cent. of the plants is lost
through the ravages of cut worm and
other causes and where 80 per cent. of the
remaining plant make perfect heads, rang
ing from four to ten pounds each. This
constitutes a "well-grown" crop of cab
bages In the SOUTH though It may not be
considered such in the cabbage regions of
the northwest, New England or Long ISL
and. crop of 1900 hard heads, aVerag-
ing six of seven pounds each, is GER
tainly to be regarded as a very fair crop
in our latitude. There are plenty of cab
bage growers who do not attain such a
success one year in three, even though
they may have very good land. The trou-
bic with them is they use seeds that are
of uncertain origin and of varieties that
are not suited to their soil or climate Sue
cess in cabbage culture depends chiefly on
the use of well-bred seeds of ono or the
other of the varieties that are best adapt
ed to the climate. BY "well-bred' seeds
are meant those that have been saved
from perfect heads, and all tie light and
imperfect ones winnowed out. There is
no question that a very large quantity of
cabbage seeds are sold every year that
are not worth carrying home Many are
attracted by the low price at which these
seeds are sold, buy them and after going
to all the trouble that would bring sue.
cess with good seeds, find their venture
ends In failure 1t is a maxim of cab
bage culture that II will not pay to use
poor seeds at any price.
First-class seeds are not to be had for
81 or 50 a pound, for it will cost more than
that to save such seeds, seeds that will
make plants 80 or 50 per cent. of which VIII
develop into a large, hard head.
The secret of a fine crop of cabbages
consist in having the right kind of seeds.
Good land and good cultivation will do
the rest.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
Cold Frames-COnstructio and Man
aEement.

No one who grows vegetables for mar
ket is likely to try to get along without
the necessary cold frames for growing
early plants. Their use is, of course, more
imperative in some localities than in 9TH
ers, but in any part of the south where
freezes occur in January and heavy frosts
in February, 1t is not possible to carry
on market gardening with the best re-
suits. Even amateurs who find that plees-
ure that is natural to intensive garden
ing, and who grow vegetables only for
home use and to give away, soon find
that they cannot get the most pleasure
BILE results out of gardening without q
cold frame or two Anywhere below the
thirty-fourth parallel at least, the gar
dener finds very little use for the hotbeds
however indispensable they may be In the
cold regions Of the north, where the soil
becomes frozen to a considerable depth.
Well managed cold frames answer every
purpose in the southern latitude in en-
abling the gardener TO provide himself
with stocky well grown plants by the
time II is safe to put them out into the
open ground. The only difference between
a hotbed and a cold frame is the absence
of bottom heat in the latter, which in
hotbed is secured by having fermenting
stable manure beneath the seeds.
Now a wel-made cold frame. properly
managed can be made to accumulate all
necessary heat If it Is put In order few
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
Care of the Young orchard.

After one has gone to the trouble and
expense of starting a young orchard Il
is very unwise to neglect amy of the nee
essary precautions that tend to make a
perfect success of the venture. Now
while all vegetation is dormant and the
soil frozen, much of the time there will
be danger of the rabbits gnawing the
young trees and doing them great dam
age, even If they do not cause them to
die.
A lookout should be kept for the very
first appearance of the rabbits; better
still. not to wait for them to appear, and
proper means resorted to to protect the
trees.
There are several ways of doing this,
but one of the most safe and effective is
to wrap old newspapers about the stems
to the hight Of eighteen inches, and bind
them on with paper twine or cheap cord
1t Is work that can be done very rapidly
when one goes at it properly. Some fol-
low the plan of greasing the stem with a
bacon rlnd and others paint the stem with
fresh blood from time to time. Some have
been thoughtless enough to use tar for
the purpose, but they had cause to re-
gret Il afterward. The first mentioned
device is altogether the most satisfactory
any old paper or straw or rags will an
swer, hut old newspapers are the most
handy probably.
Fruit trees must have a suitable guam
tity of potash supplied to the soil for
their best development, II 1t Is not al
ready there in proper quantity. Merely
putting it into the hole into which the
tree Is set will not answer though 1t
must be put broadcast about the trees
and as far as the roots are likely to ex-
tend. Cultivation together with the leech-
ing process of the rains will carry the
dissolved potash where 1t is needed. The
complete fertilization for the wants of
a. larger tree need not be all at once, but
can be deferred until the second or third
year; but the young tree must have enough
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
Rux n SmniI Fnrm.

The tenant farmer has been having a
hard time of it, and the question has been
quit farming for other people and farm
for himself lie should buy five, ten or
twenty acres of land and farm it In the
most thorough manner. lie can make a
good living II he Is careful and eco
nomcal, and lay up a little besides Thou
sands are doing It, So long as men mag
inc they must not have less than eighty
acres in order to make living, so long
will we have a horde of tenant farmers
scrambling for farms and bidding rents
up to ruinous figures. An acre of good
land thoroughly TILED win yield more than
double the present average. Get little
farm of your own and work all the time
for yourself instead of more than half
the time for somebody else. II. II.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
pou1try and Poultry Diseases.

From a Florida Lady,.
MEdtor Morning News: have not been
the poultry business very long. About
n months ago I bought some very fine
I-sd Plymouth Rock chickens-a rooster
three hens. They were shipped from
orth Georgia and they are doing finely
bout two weeks after they came one of
he hens was sick and every one who saw
Of said she had cholera. 1 want to tell
Inv one else who has chickens effected the
me way what 1 gave her, for it cured
or. Her bowels were very loose, the dis
harges being profuse, stringy and wat
nv. mixed green and white. She refus-
to eat, and sat around under the house
the time. 1 took her in, put her in a
ice clean crate, with clean straw, which
81 changed daily and kept her up four
avs not allowing her any water, and
M wing her three times a day the follow
g mixture: Half teaspoon pulverized
ID pepper, half teaspoon turpentine spir-
s. six drops asafoeUda, a desert-spoon
Pm meal. and castor oil enough to make
10 a paste that / could make into pills.
81 After the third day she seemed no worse
had less feVer-but otherwise seemed no
ster / then gave her one-half a liver
81 i'll "a dose) a t night, and the next morn
H. turned her out, letting her drink cop
eras water. Then, at night, again,
"a gave her the other half pill. Since then
he has been doing very well, though she
VI I'd not get right well in several days.
Fl 1t seems like a good deal of trouble, but
#ihat is one good thing about fine-bred
Fl chickens. We are willing to take the
#tr0uble rather than lose them.
| feed them cracked corn and wheat
E bran slightly wet in the morning-a small
#quanuty. Then a little corn and wheat
& whole at night, and the rest of their food
#they work for. 1 give them oyster shells
h. peck at-crush all chicken or other bones
Il have, and turn them in the street about
an hour every day for a good run-and
Hthey are in fine order-and 1 keep their
boosting place perfectly clean and well
sprinked with lime. I read every thing
& in the News every week on Poultry, and
! try to act up to all 1 learn that applies
! 10 my circumstances, and feel grateful
for all suggestions.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-04
Big Profits.

We visited lately a farmer, says Farm
hilltops of Worcester county. who has
been quite successful with the poultry
branch of his farm, and whose egg record
for the ten months, January to October
Qnclusive), 1895, is suggestive of profit.
He kept that year 225 hens and pullets,
mostly bullets. The bulk of the stock
was thoroughbred White Plymouth Rocks,
some twenty or thirty of them being com
mon hens" and brown Leghorns.
The EGG Weld hY months WAS.