davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news., 1897-07-28
EVACUATION or THEssALY.
Greece Must First Guarantee Pay
mcnt of the Indemnity.

Berlin, July a.-The Berlin Gazette says
that several powers, including Germany,
have adopted the standpoint that the
evacuation Of Thessaly by the Turks can
not be demanded unless indemnify by
Greece is paid or guaranteed
As payment Of indemnity by
loan rs out OF the ques-
ton, the only alternative the
Gazette says. seems 10 be- IN control OF tho
Greek finances and unless some guarantee
Is included IN the treaty OF peace between
Greece and Turkey Il rs questionable
whether Germany VIII recommend the
sultan to accept the treaty.
The morning news., 1897-07-28
cola Duat naa- IN MA demand.

Middletown, n. y, July IA local
hrm. who are engaged ln manufacturing
gold dust bags of shecrekin for California
customers. arc working with double force
on account OF the toiegraphlc orders re-
eciyed since the klondlko discovery.
The morning news., 1897-07-28
vIRGINIA's PRonIDITIONrsTs.
state Convention Called 90 Meet at
LynchburR Aug. 2.

Richmond Va. July Nv. r. Rundlck
state chairman OF the Virginia prohlbi-
ton party. has issued a call for state con-
vention Of the party TO meet In Lynchburg
on Aug. 2, TO nominate candidates for
governor, Lieutenant governor and attor-
noy general. All Virginia prohibltionists
will have voice In the proceedings.
The morning news., 1897-07-28
BACK FROM the KLoNDrKn.
Mrs. Ell Gage Confirms the stories
of the Rich Finds.

Chicago, H.. July H.-Mrs. Ell Gage.
daughter-ln-law OF Secretary Of the Treas
ury Gage. reached her home in this city
to-day. after three months stay In Alas
ka with her husband. who represents the
North American Trading Company at
Dawson.
Mrs Gage says the reports Of the rich
harvest OF gold are not exaggerated.
While admitting that hardshlps are 90
be encountered, she declares that there IS
winter.
The morning news., 1897-07-28
TWO HORSE THIEVES SHOT.
One Killed Outright ana the other
Probably Fatally wounded.

Little Rock. Ark. July 27.-News Of the
killing OF one horse thief and the probable
fatal shooting OF another by mob near
the Scott and Yeli county line sixty miles
from telegraph Office, reached here TO-
day. Both the Victims were white men.
The morning news., 1897-07-28
Two Drowned WINE nn,biuu.

Richmond. Va. July I.-The news
reaches here from Tames City county that
John cowlcs ana clyde Oatewood, two
well known young men, were drowned
whilo bathing at the ship yard, on tho
Chickomlny river this afternoon.
The morning news., 1897-07-28
COLD DAY ~ NEW YORK.
The Minimum Tcmperature 90 at q
O'Clock In the Morning.

New York, July H.-This h the coolest
July q on the records Of the weather OBJ
server. Tho minimum temperature was
80 az and ( o'clock this morning. The
nearest approach 20 this was ln 1891, when
the thermometer went d5wn 20 o..
The morning news., 1897-07-28
SUICIDE Al SAN s1LV1non
United states consul ,,un.,..
Ends Ills LIE.

AAAN LANRs
Nie..,l' July G.-Unitod States
tar,,'.'. Baker has cablcd the state de.
Mur...l' mat United states Consul o.to
tsi ..'-',r' 'r' at San Salvador. commit.
,,,. '-'''ae ,1 there last night. Mr. psEsr
AK eh, elhal ho win appoint a vice 60, -
N, '93srge Of the oaiee ''ee consul 10
Wet IN. nmeyer was appointed from
the viz, 's'nia in 1905 ars, - ~, ~
ani consulate All kcst,,,.s
San sa',..i The same year -
ell hy tha ~, 70 nl the vacancy caus,
as1 be. I,,i'l'.h. Of be- father. "A few isy-
l.l for H.. ls q Nebraska was non,in,,
meycr i'aee held by Sir. Munes.
The morning news., 1897-07-28
Kilied by lightning.

Lave Oak, Fla, July "a N--Durlnr thun-
der storm this morning. Mrs. Wade Hnr-
dec Of this town was struck By lightning
aud instantly killed.
The morning news., 1897-07-28
cAnoLINNs ORIGINAL PACKAGES
Judge simonton Hears Arguments
and Reserves Ills Decision.

IN" fN'NNAfNN 'N'' HS'|aca''
Columbia, $. c., July I.-At Flatrook.
~ c.. to-day Judge simonton heard argu-
ment In four original package cases. At
torney General Barber appeared anxious
10 have the question squarely settled. lie
said he made no point on the charges that
agents OF an original package dealer OF
Savannah sold short half pints He
wanted the principle settled. Judge ST.
monton took the papers. A decision is
not expected for a week
The morning news., 1897-07-28
MAY DE ANDREE's BALLOON.
Curious Floating object Seen in the
White Sea.

Curious fiontih1 inject seen In the
White Sea.
Rotterdam. July IA letter from Capt.
Lehman Of the Dutch steamer Dordrecht
appears in one Of the papers of this city
to-day to the effect that he saw a curious
object floating in the White sea on July
II, which was neither ship nor a dead
whale, but resembled a balloon, and Capt
Lehman suggests that II may have been
Andrees balloon which he saw.
Gothenburg, Sweden, July 2.-IAeut
Svendenborg son-in-law OF DR.. Otto Ner-
denskJold the Arctic explorer, reports
from Ascension, that II nothing Is heard
from Herr Andree In six weeks, IL IL not
likely that anything will be heard from
him this year.
The morning news., 1897-07-28

Wheeling W. Va, July N.--The con-
ference adjourned Just as the capitol
clock struck the midnight hour, having
been IN session since o'clock. IT was
decided that President Gompers should
act as a committee OF one IN arranging for
sympathetic mass meetings all over the
country on Aug. 8. The officers OF the
American Federation Of Labor were re-
qucated TO communicate with union or
ganlzations as 20 what shall be done TO
further the plan outlined Ia to-nights ap-
peal.
Tho officers Of the United Mineworkcrs
are TO arrange for the systematic work OF
one hundred labor organizers ln West Vir-
ginin IN which state ana IN Pennsylvania
renewed efforts to make the strike general
viii be made. The railway brotherhooda,
except the engineers, are In hearty SYM
pathy with Che movement 20 make the
strike effective
This afternoon the committee 10 devise
The herald., 1897-04-18

All prices of wall paper greatly reduced.
A. A. Eckstrom. 234 South Spring street.
The herald., 1897-04-18

Mechanics tools. Furrey's. 15s North
Spring street.
The herald., 1897-04-18
AN ABDUCTION CHARGE
MRS. AUSTIN TO BE ARRESTED
AND TAKEN EAST
A Deputy Sheriff From Minnesota
Now on His Way Here With
Requisition Papers

Yesterday morning Sheriff John Burr
received a telegram from Alonzo Phil
lips, sheriff of Hennepin county, Mimi,
to Immediately arrest Mrs. Laura Aus
tin of Pasadena and hold her in his Gus
tody until the arrival of one Of his
in a few days with the proper requisi-
tion papers from Governor Clough. A
copy Of the warrant was alos telegraphed
to Sheriff Burr, and, according to it, Mrs.
Austin is charged with the abduction
of her S-year-old son. Paul Raymond
Mohler.
1t will be remembered that Mrs. Austin
appeared in Judge Van Dykes court on
Wednesday In fight over her child, but
she was awarded its custody. Some new
developments in the case have taken
place during the past few days, but just
what they are could not be ascertained
yesterday, as Hon. Frank F. Davis. who
is the attorney for Edwin Mohler, the
father OF Raymond, was In Ventura all
of yesterday on other legal matters. For
some unknown reason Sheriff Burr did
not detail an officer on the case until
about 9 o'clock last night. when Deputy
Sheriffs White and Graham went hur-
riedly to Pasadena to arrest Mrs. Aus
tin, but If reports are true, they will have
an interesting time locating her, as 1t is
said she has been anticipating further
trouble in the legal battle for her son
and has again changed her place of res
idence.
evening, states that a deputy sheriff
left Minneapolis Friday afternoon for
this city and expects TO return with Mrs
Austin as soon as is possible
The herald., 1897-04-18
HIS SPIRITUAL WORK
r So Engrossing That He Forgets
His Family's Needs

Eugenia Moulton is a colored man who
thinks that he has been chosen" to
minister to the spiritual wants Of his un-
saved brethren. He is to be seen almost
any Sunday holding forth on the curb
stone at Central park, expoundng his
somewhat curious doctrines to the un =
needing passer-by. Brother" Moultor
il so much absorbed in his work of saw
ing souls that he has become wholly in
sensible to all the temporal needs of his
family, if the story which his wife told
In Judge York's court yesterday is true
Mrs Moulton wanted a divorce ana
wanted it bad. She said that her nus
band had done absolutely nothing to
ward her support now for over -four
years. He is a barber by trade and abll
co earn a good living, but prefers to fol
low what he considers the nobler occupa-
ton of pointing out to his gropins :
brethren the way to salvation. judge
York questioned the woman closely an
was satisfied that she was telling 8
straight story. The decree of divorce
was granted.
The herald., 1897-04-18
ical and does not seem much cast dowu
by the result of the trials
New Suits Filed

The following list of complaints in new
suits was filed yesterday in the superior
court:
William T. Mason VS.. B. e. Ninde =.
at-A suit to quiet title to the premises
known as lot of the Thomas Flynn
subdivision.
E. T. Parke VS.. John A. Stun ct ala
suit to recover s440 on a promissory note
and for the foreclosure of mortgaged
premises, lot 81 of L. N. Breeds subdivi-
sion of easterly portion of lot l. in block
60, Hancock's survey.
Geo. d. Patton ct AL VS.. John H. Brown
ct ala suit to enforce a mechanics
lien for s254 so on the premises at lot 3
of the Callsins & Clapp Eighth Street
tract.
Theodore F. Carvell ct al. VS.. Ger
trude Evans ct ala suit to recover
s1110 on a note and for the foreclosure of
a mortgage on the premises described as
lot 8, in block 2. of the Hutchinson tract
M. Wright VS.. A. ]. Bacon ct ala
suit to recover $500 on promissory note
The herald., 1897-04-18
Marriage Licenses

The following hst Of marriage licenses
was issued yesterday from the county
clerks office:
Mahlon Keller Biser, a native Of Mary
land, and resident OF Downey, aged IS
years, and Mrs. Mary E. Wenrieth. a
native of Massachusetts,, and resident
Of Washington, D. c.. aged IS years.
John Mass, a native of Norway, and a
resident OF Prospect Park, aged Al years,
and Olava Loraas, also a native of Nor
way and resident of Los Angeles. aged
81 years.
Frederick Augustus Collins, a native
of England, aged 80 years, and Adeline
Bennell, also a native of England, aged
"a years, both residents of this city.
Harry Vender, native of Ohio, and a
resident of Cincinnati, aged AZ years, and
Alice Cameron, a native of Iowa, and
resident or Des Moines, aged 20 years.
Albert II. Schmitt, native of Ohio,
aged "a years, and Augusta F. Bellnnan,
a native of Germany aged 21 years, both
residents of this city.
Will Matthews, a native of MissoEri
and resident of Whittier, aged 25 years,
and Leila Bunch, also native-of Mis-
souri, and resident Of Riverside, aged
21 years.
William o. Bogart. native Of In
diana, aged 80 years, and Susie Titus,
native of Missouri, aged 20 years, both
residents of this city
The herald., 1897-04-18
Court N otes

A motion for a new trial was made In
the case of Joseph Mimms, the negro
convicted of burglary in the first degree.
before Judge Smith yesterday morning.
The motion was taken under advisement
until the 2oth.
William O'Keefe, the man who shot
Anderson and Burkhardt in a Spring
street saloon some time ago, was ar
raigned before Judge Smith yes
terday morning on two charges of as
sault to kill, and pleaded not guilty to
both. Bail was fixed at $4,000 for both
offenses.
The herald., 1897-04-18
johnson Suit

In the federal court yesterday in the
case of Johnson against Briggs for false
Imprisonment, judgment was entered
for the defendant without cost by st!p-
ulation of the parties. The Rev. John
son says he is going to move for new
trial In the libel suits, but it is doubtful
~ be does eo He says he is philosoph-
The herald., 1897-04-18
Thew Demanded Beer

AT 10 ocolck last night NJ. Attends and
v Hagerbach were arrested by Deputy
Constable Mugnemi for disturbing the
peace. 1t is claimed that they went into
all Alameda street dive and demanded
beer. Upon being refused they started
in to eject the inmates, and a general
knock-down and drag out fight fol-
lowed.
The herald., 1897-04-18
Notice Of Stockholders Meeting

THE REGULAR ANNUAL MEETING or
the stockholders of the Cucamonga Fruit
Of the company in the Farmers and Mer-
chants bank. Los Angeles city. California
on Monday. the Sd day Of May, 1881, at ,
board Of directors for the ensuing year.
and for the transaction Of such other busi-
ness as may properly come before such
n,eeting. e. T. WRIGHT,
Secretary Of Cucamonga Fruit Land Com
dated April 6, 1887. 1s-z-23-%-2s-o
Farmers and Merchants bank. Los An
geles, Cal.
The herald., 1897-04-18
Expectorated on the Sidewalk

Joseph Barrett was arrested yester-
day by Officer Baker for expectorating
on Requena street sidewalk. This is
the first arrest under the new ordinance,
and the outcome will be looked forward
to with considera BILE interest
The herald., 1897-04-18
10 Cure Q Cold In One Day

Take Laxh dve Bromo Quinine Tablets.
All druggists refund the money IL It
fails to cure. 25c.
The herald., 1897-04-18

oh, my head. Take Bromo-Kola In
stantly cures headaches. diminishes IA
tigue.
The herald., 1897-04-18

Drink Maier & Zobeleln's
Home brew book beer. Now on sale.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-06-18
SHOOTING ON THE ROOF.

Thomas Mahonsy Rolls on ana b Qalts -
vereDy I-jsre0.
Thomas Mahcney was sent to the
county infirmary today BY Poormas-
ter Lidders. suffering from . frac-
tured right thigh bone and other in
juries. which he sustained in . fall
from roof at 1914 Third avenue.
Several families live in the house.
Mahoney rooms at the rear ON the
second Moor with John Byers, pro-
prietor Of the Dew Drop saloon. Ma
honey retired about 1 O'Clock yester-
day morning. but the temperature Of
his sleeping quarters being too high
to be comfortable, he went out on
the porch at the front end of the
house. 1t has slanting roof, which
is about fifteen feet above terra
firma. On this Mahoney fell into q
snooze.
He was pulling into Slumberville
at the rate of about forty knots an
hour when he turned over. He slept
on until he struck the ground. the
shock awakening him. Occupants OF
the house saw Mahoney lying in the
yard and thought q tramp had
crawled in to take snooze. Byers
missed his friend from the roof and
finally located him. Mahoney was
carried to Byers' room and Dr.. S. b.
Hall called in to attend him. Ma.
honey formerly fred an engine
for the Rock Island road.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-06-18

A business man is not the most
patient creature in the world. He
cannot wait to hear any long-drawn-
out story of the cause Of his ailment.
He doesn't care two straws about a
fine spun theory Of how he should
treat himself. He may be predis-
posed to scrofula. or consumption.
''Trat," he will tell you .has moth
ing to do with the case" He wants
to be well. II he can be cured write
out q prescription and send in your
bill. So. here's the first part Of the
proposition.
DR.. Pierce's Golden Medical Diseov-
cry is q microbe hunter and killer.
Many persons OF scrofulous blood,
encourage the breaking out of an
slightly sores, to prevent the disease
going to the lungs. There is no need
OF this state OF dread and discom-
fort. Purify the blood. 1t can be
done. Golden Medical Discovery"
will cure 9S per cent Of OF all con-
sumptive cases, also Of all lingering
bronchial, throat and lung diseases.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-06-18
pupils was as follows:

The very large enrolment in the
First grade is due to the fact that the
First and Second grades under the
old system of naming the grades are
now consolidated into the First grade.
After the promotions in Septem Der,
the pupils will be more evenly dis
tributed in the lower grades. There
is no annual report on file for 1856,
hence no trustworthy comparison
can be made. However, the enroll
ment for the present year is greater
by about 200 and tho average num-
Der belonging by $50.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-06-18
THE COLLEGE REGENTS.
Board Of Aurustana Organizes and Makes
Appointments.

Board OF AuCustana Organizes and Makes
Appointments.
The board OF regents of Augustana
college has organized with the cleo
ton Of old officials as follows: DIR.
s. p. A. Lindhal, Rock Island, pres
ident; Rev. A. p. Fors, Geneseo,
secretary; Rev. j. Jesperson. Rock
Island, treasurer. The executive
committee is composed Of President
o. OLSON, Rev. Ludwig Holms, Bur-
liugtoD, Iowa; DR.. S. p. A. Lindahl,
Oliver Stephenson, and A. q. Ander-
son, Rock Island.
In the conservatory Of music the
same teachers were engaged as last
year, with probably one addition,
being Prof. F. z. Peterson, who for
the past three years has been study
ing music in the conservatory Of
music at Leipsig, Germany, who will
be engaged.
In the business college Prof. j. E.
Gustus. the able and popular in
structor, has declined reappoint-
ment. Prof. John A. Bexell
was reepgaged as instructor,
and Miss Hannah Anderson, of Min
neapolis. formerly Of bethany college,
Kansss. was engaged to teach short
hand and typewriting. Prof. PEN
rofe. Of Randolph, New York. has
been engaged as teacher in the bust
ness department.
Mrs. Ida Sandquist. Of Lindsborg,
Kas., was engaged as matron and
Miss Lydia OLSON as librarian.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-06-18
BOBBY TRIES TO SUICIDE.
Well Known Character takes . M,dnixhs
Plunge In the River.

D.
Well Known Character Takes . Midnight
Plunge In the River.
Robert Wilson, better known as
Crazy Bobby" who has been a IA
miliar character about Rock Island
for several years. attempted to shut
fle of this mortal coil by plunging
into the dark waters Of the Missis-
sippi about 1890 this morning. He
selected the shore at the foot of
Eighteenth street as the jumping off
place. The City of Winona, which
took out an excursion under the an :
spices Of the Davenport Red Men
lodge. was putting her nose into the
Rock Island shore, when several OF
the passengers we're attracted by q
human form bobbing up and down in
the water.
A couple of the men folks went to
the rescue. In few moments they
had Bobby on dry land. He was
turned over to Captain Ekhard, who
conveyed him to police headquarters.
and locked him up. Bobby said he
had tired of life, his mother was
dead and that his father, who cared
nothing for him. had married Sec
ond time, and was living in St.
Louis.
Chief Fender released Bobby today
after exacting promise from him
that he would not try to kill himself
right away.
"But I may do the job tomorrow, -
said the would-be suicide
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-06-18
DEATH OF MRS. BUNCHER.
saccombs After IN Hines. of Three wes ks
-CoFrell

saocombs After IN Illness of Three Weeks
-CoFrell
Mrs. Christina Buncher passed
away at 1910 last night at the home
oi Er. and Mrs. Jacob Yohe in South
Rock Island. She had been suffer
ering for three weeks from drop
sical affection. The deceased was
the widow of the lato Michael Bunch
or, and one OF Rock Islands old and
most respected German citizens.
She was born near Wurttemberg,
Germany, Dec. Is, 1928. and came to
America in 1869. A year afterward
the family located in Rock
Island. Seven children, all resi-
dents OF the city, survive: Mrs.
Albert Flemming Mrs. Theodore
| Harder, Mrs. Casper Merk, Mrs.
)i.ouis Ohlweiler, Mrs. Gottlieb Miller,
and Frank and Mathes Buncher.
Funeral services will be held at 9
O'Clock Sunday afternoon at St.
Mary's church.
Miss Annie Correll, 10-year old
daughter OF Mrs. Theeney Correll,
(colored) Seventh avenue and Sew
enth street, died at 9 o'clock las,
night OF consumption. The funeral
service will be held tomorrow at
p. m. ut the Fourteenth street Meth.
odist mission, Rev. j. w. Washing.
ton officiating.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-06-18
SOME SCHOOL STATISTICS
Interesting Figures Frsm supt. You.es
Annual Report.

InterestiDg Figures Frsm supt. Younes
Annual Report
Superintendent OF Schools r. G.
Young has prepared a summary of
his statistical report for the year be-
ginning Sept. s, 1896, and ending
June 4, 1897. The detailed report
concerning the condition of the
schools, the progress made. and
recommendation for the coming
year::will be made to the board of edu-
cation about the LIST of August. Mr..
Young's report shows:
Days taught, IT'S; number of schools
rooms, 81; number OF teachers en-
ployed, IS; total numbsr of days be-
longing. 594, 1874; total number Of day.
of attendance, 469. SOP; total num-
Der of days of absence, 1852; num-
Der Of pupils enrolled for year. 3,2s7;
average number belonging, 1927;
average daily attendance. 2.6s7;
number belonging last day, 1852;
per cent Of attendance, 1904; per
cent Of punctuality, 99.9S; cases OF
hardness, 678; number not absent or
tardy, 253; cases of corporal punish
ment. 81; cases OF truancy reported.
276; number Of visitors, 1884; cases
Of hardness OF teachers, 81; number
OF half days lost by teachers, 295;
average number belonging per room,
AL; average enrolment per room,
51.3.
The school having the highest per
cent Of attendance for the year
COG 11) was No. 6; the school stand
ing second {95.6D was the High
school.
The school standing highest in
punctuality (99.97O was No. 1; the
school second (99.972) was No. 5.
The school ranking highest in both
attendance and punetuality (9S.02S)
was No. 6.
The total enrolment per building
was as follows: No. l, 546; No. 2,
1872; No. 4. $50; No. 5, 434; No. 6,
Ss1; No. z, 3S4; No. 8, 11S; Ne. 9,
POS; High school, 242.
The enrolment throughout the
city by grades and the average age
OF pupils was as follows:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-06-18
MAN AND WIFE DIE.
Mysterious End of Scott
County Couple.
DELIBERATE Oh ACCIDENTAL

Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Guglemsier Sue.
Scumb Suddenly In Great Agony Frsm
the Effects OF Poison husband Had
Been Inssne.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Guglemeier,
residing on q favm six miles north
east Of Davenport. died under
sudden and mysterious eirsum-
stances at o'clock this morning.
The couple we're discovered in great
agony by their daughters when they
arose, and neighbours were called in,
but before they arrived both had ex-
pired. That they died Of poisoning,
there is no doubt, but whether it
was partaken Of accidentally while at
breakfast or whether it was DELHI
crate on the part of one or both,
remains for the coroner's inquest,
now being held, to develop. The
Gugelmeiers had lived in Scott coun-
ty 35 years. Mr.. Guglemeier was SIS
years old and his wife was about the
same age. They leave with their
two daughters at home, two sons,
William and Henry, in Davenport.
Guglsmeier Had Boen Insane.
Guglemeier had been insane twice,
once IA years ago, and afterward
seven years ago. and each time had
been sent to the Mount Pleasant asy.
lum. This knowledge strengthens
the theory that he may have de-.
liberstely poisoned both his wife aad
himself. Besides had death been the
result of impure food the daughters
would likewise have been affected, it
Is held. Guglemeier arose first this
morning and went about his usual
task of milking. etc. Later his wife
went to the kitchen to prepare
breakfast. When tho daughters
went to the kitchen they found their
parents in terrible cramps, from
which they did not recover.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-06-18
The Roviv8lO.

Mr.. Ostrom with a grit unaf-
feeted by the excessive hot weather,
continues to wage his campaign
against sin. The audience was
somewhat affected yesterday by the
intolerable temperature. but the
evangelist preached four or five
times as though he was accustomed to
holding revivals in the tropics. The
cooler weather of today gives prom
Use of much better results for the
closing days of the meeting. To.
night Mr.. Ostrom will preach 1t the
rink. Tomorrow evening he will
address the Sunday school teach
ers in the United Presbyterian
church. Sunday evening provision
is being made for q monster mass
meeting in the rink, and women'l
meetings in the Methodist and Cen
trail Presbyterian churches.