davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
DIVISION or THE HULL.
The EARLY Use OF Water Tight Bulkheads
In Saips


Tho division Of q hull Of a vessel into
compartments is Of more distant period
than is generally supposed. AS carly az
the beginning Of the nineteenth century
the Chinese divided the holds Of their trad
ing vessels intended for distant waters
into a number of smaller holds or spaces.
Those compartments were separated by
partitions, or bulkheads made of three
inch planks and calked with gum that
was mixed with lime and threads of bam-
boo--a composition that readily hardened
when brought into contact with water.
Tho number Of compartments depended
upon the number of owners in the vessel.
In large vessel there were sometimes
as many as 100, each partner shipping his
goods in his own berth, which he fitted up
to suit himself, and either went in person
or sent one of his family to take charge of
his property. At just what time this di-
vision of the hull was first adopted does
not appear to have been recorded It may
have been very old at the period named.
The compartments, it will be seen, were
made for commercial economy rather than
for the safety of the vessel
Use Of bulkheads for safety purposes
was probably first made in the western
rivers of the United States. As early as
1920, not ten years after the introduction
of steam navigation on the Mississippi and
Ohio rivers by Robert Fulton, the hull of
the steamboat Columbus, running be-
tween New Orleans and Shippingport,
KY, was torn open by snag, but the yes-
sci was saved from sinking by having a
snagroom, which apartment alone was
filled with water" The Caledonia, run
ming on the Mississippi river in 1924, also
had snagroom.
Prior to the year 1S49, of 736 vessels lost
from all causes on the western American
rivers 419 were lost from snags and other
distractions in the rivers No doubt the
danger in navigating these rivers is what
brought the snagroom or chamber into
use, though if they were as rudely and
cheaply constructed as many of these YES
sells themselves were at this early period,
they could hardly be relied on in many
cases, and this may account for the fact
that they did not come into more general
use.-John II. Morrison in Casters Mag
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
To Test True Worth,

Two gay young girls were having a
highly edifying ~ conversation on Wal
nut Hills cable car the other day. One
said: "When 1 feel that man is becoming
interested in me to the exclusion of other
girls, at once put him to test
"Of course you know what posers men
are, and how they are on dress parade
when the girls are about. Well, my test
is this: l make an engagement with him
to go off somewhere at o'clock in the
morning. Nine men out of ten will be
late The majority of people feel dull and
not at all affable at such an early hour.
Even his conversation will be lacking in
sparkle. If you want to look behind the
screen of a mans conventionality, put him
to this test. If he comes through under
favorable conditions, he win make good
husband. '-Cincinnati Enquirer.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
CAMnEN'S MURDER MYSTERY.
Shaw's Friends Working on Clews to
Save Him From SUSPICION.

Shaw's Friends Working on Clews to
Save Him From Suspicion.
Camden, n. J., Oct 20-There has
I,aen a revulsion of feeling in regard
tn the position of Eli Shaw. Fhe friends
Of the accused man are beginning to
make their influence felt, and it is a
fact that they have men working upon
two clews which may develop import
ant evidence that will lead to other
arrests. Attention is called to the fact
that number Of people were permitted
to ransack the house after the MUIR
ders, any one of whom might have
manufactured evidence against Eli The
chief Of police was told of these things,
and he admitted that the public prose-
cutor had weakened his case by allow
ing these people to remain in the house.
Coroner Lippincott openly expresses
the opinion that Shaw is not the muir
derer.
Young Shaw was arrested last Fri
day afternoon on clews said to have
been unearthed by the police. He
vigorously protests his innocence, and
on Saturday last, when he was taken
to view the remains of his dead rela-
tives, the scene was most dramatic and
painful. In the presence of the dead he
again and again asserted his innocence.
Lawyer Scovel, Shaw's counsel, was
elected from the city hall last Mon
day. after lively tussle with the po-
lice. 1t was proposed to have a pri-
vate hearing in the Shaw case, and
Scovel objected.
Shaw has been formally committed
by Justice Stackhouse for the alleged
killing of his mother and grandmother.
He was at once conveyed to the county
jail at Sixth and Federal streets. The
formal complaint was made by Chief Of
Police Dodd.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
Wise Words.


Thine own friend and thy fathers
friend forsake not.
There is pleasure in meeting the
eyes of those to whom we have done
good.
The criminal is not another kind
of being be is ourself in our worst
moods.
Every great and commanding
movement in the ANIMALS of the
world is the triumph OF enthusiasm.
A set of mortals has risen who
believe that truth is not a printed
speculation but a practical fact.
Some women seem to think they
ought to be loved, whether they do
any of it themselves or not.
Men of the noblest dispositions
think themselves happiest when
others share their happiness with
them.
Do good constantly, patiently and
wisely, and you will never have a
cause to cay that life was not worth
living.
Everywhere and always mans
worth must be gagged to some ex-
tent, though only in part, by his do
mesticity.
Men of humor are, in some de-
gree, men of genius wits are rarely
SO, although a man of genius may,
amongst other gifts, possess wit.
Manhood begins when we have in
any wey made truce with necessity ;
but begin joyfully and hopefully
only when we have reconciled our
selves to necessity.
Every attempt ! to make Others
happy, every sin left behind, every
temptation trampled under foot,
every step forward in the cause OF
what is good is step nearer heav-
en-.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
The Book of the Royal Blue.

The "Book of the Royal Blue,''
issued by the Passenger Depart
ment of the Baltimore and Ohio r.
r., has made its initial appearance
with the October number, and is,
undoubtedly, the most creditable
magazine Of its nature published.
Aside from being a model example
of modern Typography, IL is most in
teresting as to its contents. A field
for interesting literature is certainly
offered by the Baltimore and Ohio
r. r., because it is the oldest rail-
way In the United States is FORE
most in historical prominence, and
is rich in magnificent scenery. The
latter especially affords an endless
scope for illustrations. and the
magazine has started on its venture
with all these points full in hand.
Copies can be obtained by enclos-
ing four az cents in stamps to the
Advertising Department, Baltimore
and Ohio r. r., Baltimore, Md.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
Scientific and Industrial.

A strong microscope shows the
single hairs of the head to be like
coarse, round rasps, but with teeth
extremely Irregular and jagged.
The oyster is one Of The strongest
creatures on earth, The force re-
quired to open sn oyster is more
than nine hundred times its weight.
The soil OF the English coast
when placed over a gravelly bottom
will at once assume that shape to
remarkable degree. Placed in
white bowl it becomes almost as
white as the dish.
The drill Of the woodpecker has
another tool inside, sort OF insect
catcher. On tie end is a bony
thorn with sharp teeth like barbs on
a fish-hook. AS he works and ends
so insect be opens The drill and
sends cut this barbed tongue aud
draws it into his mouth.
A testing mat hine OF wonderful
power has recently been devised for
the Massachusetts Institute of Tech
nology. 1t is capable of exerting
pressure of 500 900 pounds. It can
be applied to testing the strength of
complete arch OF masonry, and it
is said that similar tests on 50 large
scale have never before bsen APP
piled.
An experiment station for what
has been called the "yivisi elton
of plants has been established by
the Department of Agriculture in
Washington. Somewhat similar sta
tions exist elsewhere, but it is said
to be the intention TO make this
more extensive than any other.
valuable results are expected from
the study of the diseases of plants.
and it has long been suggested that
this may lead to the employment of
"plant doctors" just as now We
have doctors for men and animals.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
PULLEY BLOCKS.
Lots of Them Used en- Land Nowadays as
Well as ON the Ocean.


Lots of Them Used en- Land Nowadays as
Well RS on the Ocean.
Pulley blocks were formerly made with
a rope strap placed around the block on
the outside. Now, in wooden blocks, the
strap is made of iron, and is placed inside
the shell. Many very large blocks and
great numbers of very small ones are now
made entirely of iron. There are fewer
deep water ships than there were, their
place having been taken largely by steam
vessels and therefore fewer blocks are re-
quired to supply the demand, but great
numbers are required for the coasting
fleets and yachts. Within comparatively
recent years the use of pulley blocks on
land has increased enormously, so that the
aggregate consumption of blocks continues
very large
Wooden blocks are made most common
ly with an ash shell and lignum vitae
sheayes; in smaller and medium sized
blocks the shell also is sometimes made Of
lignum yite. The use of wire rope in
derricks is familiar Wire halyards are
now used to some extent on yachts, as well
as wire standing rigging and where such
halyards are used metal sheayes are sub
stituted for those of wood. The blocks of
a big, heavily SPARED steam yacht say
barkentine rugged, might cost 81, 500. On
the great number of sailboats and small
yachts there are used many little blocks of
galvanized iron.
On shore there are now used in cities
immense numbers of little blocks for pull
ley lines for drying clothes Such blocks
are made of iron and of wood in various
styles. In city like New York hundreds
of thousands of such blocks are in use
The demand for the very largest of blocks
for land use has also grown within very
recent years, such blocks being now used
very extensively on the heavy derricks
employed in the construction of the tall
modern buildings. Big blocks used on
derricks with MANILA rope are made with
wooden shells and iron sheaves. Blocks
used with wire rope are all iron. The use
of iron blocks is increasing. The great
wre@en blocks are made up to 16 inches in
lo.gth. Iron blocks are made up to II
inches and sometimes to order still larger
New York Sun
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
MURDERED BY ROBBERS.
a Wealthy Farmer Found Boun,
With His Skull Crushed.

a Wealthy Farmer Found Bound,
With His Skull Crushed.
Montrose, Pa, Oct. 21.-A. J. Pepper,
wealthy farmer of Rush, this county,
died yesterday from injuries received
Tuesday night at the hands of thieves
Tuesday evening his aged stepmother
left him in the barn husking corn, and
late in the night awakened from her
sleep and missed him. She made a
search Of the house and found no trace
OF him. she Continued her search to
the barn, and near the corncrib found
her son bound hand and foot, with his
skull crushed in. Near him lay heavy
club. A search of his clothing reveal
ed $50, which had not been disturbed.
1t is the theory of the authorities that
he was attacked with the intention of
robbing him and then looting the house,
but that the thieves were frightened
away before they could carry out their
purpose. Pepper had the reputation of
carrying considerable money about him
and was in the habit of keeping money
about the house.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
The Decreased Potato Cron

New York. Oct. Pinot since 1892
has the potato crop of the United States
proved SO early g. failure, says The
American Agriculturalist in it's final
report of the yield of 1897. Compared
with the liberal crop of last year, there
is an apparent falling off of nearly SO
per cent in tonnage, and the quality of
the whole is greatly deficient The
yield this year is 1740o0, 900 bushels,
against 245,00OoOO in 1885, 2S6, 600, 900 in
1888, 1S5,0OO,000 in 1894 and only 155, O0O,-
900 in the short crop of 1892,
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30

We live in country of which the
principal ecourge is stomach-trou-
Bile.
It is more widespread than any
other disease, and, very nearly more
dangerous.
One thing that makes it so dan
gerous is that it is so little under
stood.
Ii it were better understood, it
would be more feared, more easily
cured, less universal than it is now.
So those who wish to be cured
take Shaker Digestive Cordial, be-
cause it goes to the root of the trou.
BILE as no other medicine does. The
pure, harmless, curative herbs and
plants, of which it is composed, are
what render i so certain, and at the
same time, 50 gentle cure.
1t helps and strengthens the
stomach, purifies and tones up the
system.
Sold by druggists, price 10 cents
to Sl.00 per bottle.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30


orders Of the digestion aud bilious spells
are passed by as of no moment In them
selves these complaints may not be dam
gerous, but if neglected their cumulative
effect is terrible.
The man who negleets the little disorders
that are the signs of approaching ill-health
is walking over hidden mine that may
cause his death. The explosion will come
in the guise of consumption or some other
deadly disease. DR.. Pierce's Golden Med
ical Discovery cures all disorders of the
stomach and liver. 1t cures o9 per cent. of
all cases of consumption, bronchitis, astli-
ma laryngitis, weak lungs, splitting of blood,
lingering cough, nasal catafrh and diseases
of the air passages. 1t acts directly OIL the
diseased tissues driving out all impurities
and disease-ger;ns. 1t is the great flesh
builder, blood maker and nerve tonic.
There is nothing III the medicine store
just as good"
Have been in poor health for about seven
years" writes Mrs. /. Albert Eakins, of no. I4S
Main Street, Dallas Texas. : Every summer I'd
have bilious attack lasting two weeks, besides
headaches all my life, general debility and an
inactive liver I suffered with my bladder and
kidneys for five years at least. could not stand
ON my feet long at a time until commenced your
treatment / took DIR. Pierce's Golden Medical
Pellets They have helped me wonderfully. 1
had disagreeabe drain and irregular periods.
! thought 1 should go insane sometime. wor-
ried about everything: had the blues all the time
and did not care to live Now am well"
Constipation is little illness that if
neglected builds a big one. DR.. Pierce's
Pleasant Pellets cure constipation. One
little ''Pe1letp is gentle laxative and two
a mild cathartic. They never grippe.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
The Home Paper.

Only those who have lived in a
small town can realize the power
and fascination of the home paper.
1t occupies place that no other
publication can fill. The home news
paper comes first, always. Every
body looks through every column to
see If his or her "name is ia the
paper" Each bit of local gossip is
read and discussed. Sometimes it
is birth, sometimes death, some
times marriage. No matter what
it is, every name mentioned is fami-
liar to all, and for this one reason
alone the home paperis priced above
and beyond anything the " literary
fellows" in the cities can produce.
1t doesn't take very great while
to read the news in the home
papers there's time to read the adj
vertise ments, and the advertise
ments are read, just the same as the
news. Every business man in every
town where paper is printed
should be represented in that paper.
II he is rot it is he,and not the pub
Usher of the paper, who is the loser.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
Watching For Filfbusters

Norfolk, Va, Oct. 21.-Conector OF
Customs Leroy H. Shield yesterday re-
ceived another dispatch from Secretary
Gage instructing him to hold until fur
Their orders the schooner Donna T,
Briggs, now detained here on sus-
picion of having been engaged in fill
clustering. The Silver Heel, an al
legged filibuster schooner, which has
given the New York officials the slip
and is supposed to have headed for
Norfolk, has not yet put in an appear
ance. The customs officials are on the
watch for her.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
Face Treatment.

Here are directions for a good face bath,
or shampoo, the effect on the skin be-
ing most gratifying, it is said: Rub pure,
fine soap on a sponge, adding several drops
ehe sponge in hot water. Rub the face
and neck softly with the sponge until the
skin is covered with the soothing lather.
Then take almond meal and rub it in I'M
til face and neck are perfectly dry. Wash
off at once in hot water that has had a
teaspoonful of powdered borax dissolved
in it. Next battle or spray with cold wa
ter until the flesh feels cold and firm,
finally drying by burying the face in soft
damask towel A teaspoonful of good
cologne should be in the cold spray.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
Military Reservation in Alaska

Washington, Oct. 21-The secretary
OF war issued an order yesterday
creating military reservation in that
part OF Alaska lying within a radius
OF 30 miles of st. Michaels. The pur-
pose is to confer upon Lieutenant Col
onel Randall the necessary legal au-
thority to preserve order and protect
property in this section of the country,
both of which are believed to be jeo-
pardized by the large number of law
less characters gathered near the
mouth of the Yukon.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
His Canse For Regret.

An old Scotchman who had been long
time in the colonies paid visit to his
"native glen," and, meeting an old
schoolfellow, they sat down to have a chat
about old times and acquaintance. In the
course of conversation the stranger hap
pened to ask about certain Geordie Nc
Kay.
Hes dead long ago. said his friend,
land I'll never cease regretting him as
long as l live"
Dear mel Had you such respect for
him as that?'
INA, nal 1t wasna' ony respect had
for himself, but I married his widow. -
Strand Magazine
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
a Japanese Railway Horror,

Victoria, B. c., Oct. 21.JThe most
serious railway accident that ever &C.
Cured in Japan happened Oct. on the
Tokai Do railroad between Oyama and
Yakameta. The road had been dam
aged in the floods, and train was pre-
cipitated into the river valley. OF 40
passengers only five escaped without
injuries, and seven were killed. AT Mi
magun, landslide occurred, by which
$500 houses were buried and five men
crushed to death. Japanese steamer
Sesstu Maru has been missing since
Sept. 3, the date of the big storm. She
had u passengers and crew of As.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
Bits Of Philosophy.

Every old man remembers snatch
es of old songs that we're popular in
his boyhood.
It may be yirtuous to sit still and
let man hit you, but it is real ag-
gravatiDg.
We wish somebody would invent
a salt box and pepper box that could
be told apart.
A doctor will always tell you be
could have done better il he had got
the case sooner.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
You Should Not Hesitate.

If you are troubled with dyspepsia,
or liver and kidney trouble, DR.. John
w. Bulls Pills will cure you. 81 find
DR.. Bulls Pills good remedy for dys-
pepsia and biliousness, and l do not
hesitate to recommend them to every
one in need of such a medicine. TT
Burke, Davenport, Ia" Dr.. John w.
Bulls Pills (sixty in a box) cost but Is
cents; trial box, 10 cents, at all dealers,
or by mail. A. G. Meyer s. Co., Bal
tiaore, Nd. Don't buy counterfeit.
For sale by NJ. A. snodgrass, 12 n. Queer
street.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
She Committed suicide.

Mrs. #. G. Doe, at Watkins, left
this letter: aMy husband Forgive
me if / cause you trouble, but suf-
fer SO. You do not know what
these long, wakeful, wretched nights
are to me, and / am SO tired darling
the pain viii never be better. It
is not easy to take my own life, but I
have been sick so long. Goodbye,
my husband, I love you--your wife,"
This is but one Of the many that
gives up instead Of using DR.. Miles,
Restorative Nervine, and being
speedily cured of Observation-Disclosures
Go to a, III. Gilbert's and elegant
book and trial bottls free.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
Eighteen Miles of Flame.

Johnstown, Pa, Oct. 21.--Immense
forest fires have been raging in this
county for the past two days, doing
thousands of dollars worth of damage.
In White, Reade and Clearfeld town
ships the fires have been so serious
that hundreds of people are almost ex-
hausted in their efforts to check the
flames. Several barns have been de-
stroyed, and unless the rain brings re-
lief further considerable damage is
certain. The line of fame which is
sweeping though the woodlands in
northern Cambria is said to be IS miles
in length.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30

"W;ll this medicine cure every
thing that ails the skin !? asked the
little girl.
"Yes, that is what they claim fol
it, replied the druggists clerk.
Then it's what I'm AFTER" said
the little girl, handing over the nee
essary change. "We'ye got pei
alligator at home that has warts all
over it, and / want to cure it,
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
yapors From Metals,

That metals will throw off vapors is evil
dent even to the housewife, who can smell
the raging fire in her kitchen range, even
though she may be up two flights of stairs.
1t is said that zinc viii give off sufficient
vapor even at low temperature to pro-
duce chemical changes in Photographic
plates, and that this occurs in a vacuum as
well as in the open air. Experimenters
say that the lowest known temperature at
which metal vaporizes in 1874 degrees F.
New York Ledger
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
An Imnatient Gnest.

At one of the Mackinac hotels, loved by
its frequenters for its associations, in spite
of lax management, new guest demand
cd a bath.
"My dear sir" said the proprietor,
"next year we shall have two Of the finest
and best equipped bathrooms on the is
land"
But" objected the guest, ~ want a
bath this year. Chicago Post.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30

Husband-Did you notice how i'll
tempered my colleague was this
evening? He was annoyed because
l have brought you a new set Of
jewelry. Now he win have 10 set a
new set for his wife, too.
Wife-A disagreeable fellow that
man is ! If / were you, l would an
noy him often.-Fliegende Batter.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30
French soldlers Knled.

Paris, Oct. 21.-An official dispatch
received here from General Gallieni,
the French commander-in-chief in
Madagascar, announces that q strong
band of Sakalavas has attacked a
French post which was recently estab-
lished at a point on the Tsirihibina
river, in western Madagascar, killing
many of the garrison, including three
officers.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1897-10-30

Not exactly right is the way
thousands of people feel. It is be-
cause their blood is poor. Hood 5
Sarsaparilla, The One True Blood
Purifier, will promptly set them
right.