Evening journal., 1897-07-09
MAN AND THE MONKEY
Scientific Notes on the Points Of Re-
sembIance and Difference.

.sAlan and the Monkey" was the sub
iect of q recent lecture delivered by |
Prof. W. u. Scott. of Princeton univer- |
sitv. at the Academy Of Natural Sci |
ences. from which the following facts |
were CLEANED:
The monkeys Of the old world differ
so radically from those of the new
world that it has been claimed they
should not be classed together but
represent distinct lines of descent.
Monkeys of the South American type
appeared in Patagonia at q time when
South America had nothing else in COM
mon with the northern hemisphere.
1t is very rare to find whole group
OF mammals peculiar to either the east
e1n or western hemisphere.
There was time when North and
South America had nothing in com-
mon-not q single species, family, or
hardly an order. South American ro-
dents all belonged TO the porcupine
species
BY studying the fossil deposits it is
perfectly easy to see when the lsthmus
of Panama was upheaved-when the
cats, badgers, coons, wolves and other
animals made their way into South
America.
The fact of finding in this isolated
South American continent these South
American monkeys looks as if they
might easily be a distinct series that
came of independently of the old
world.
The differences between South Amer
lean and old world monkeys seem rather
trifing, and yet they are wonderfully
constant, as they are never trans
gressed.
The South American monkeys all have
prehensile tails, as the spider monkey.
Old world monkeys cannot use the
tail in graspiug.
Old world monkeys agree with man
in having two premolar teeth, while
the South American monkey has
three.
) Counting those behind the great
canine teeth. the South American mon
key has six, whereas in the old world
monkey is is invariably five, as in
man.
, South American monkeys all have eX-
ceedingly fiat noses, so that the nostrils
I present outwards; the group. in fact
being called platyrhine (meaning fat.
I rosed). whereas the old world monkeys
p are the catarhine, with nostrils pre-
sonting downward like mans.
4 Among the many known varieties OF
= brazilian. and especially Amazonian
monkeys there is a universal aversion
90. 10, tf,. 80.
IA unless compelled TO. They never ap
y pear in the open ground and in theil
d arboreal pilgrimages their skill anS
J. certainty of leaping is amazing. The,
T. swing from tree to tree and go through
a whole forest, never touching ground
with the same ease that the ordinar.
i quadruped travels on terra firma.
q Old world monkeys represent a dis
IS tincty higher type They are arborca
1t in habit, except in balloons.
W Baboons live among the rocks ant
t. walk on all fours, the proportional
~ length of fore and hind leg being tha
y of the quodruped, though they ar
!, quadrumanous (having the opposin
n great toe on the fore and hind feet).
The baboon's skull is oval, accom-
panied by great elongation of jaw.
The nearer the facial line assume
N n right angle with the horizontal tn
n. higher the type is regarded, the Gree
Id skull, in which the forehead and nos
to make one straight vertical line, bein
ne regarded as the ideal of perfection.
al In "hydrocephalous" (an Africa
% monkey of the ordinary kind we hay
40 the extreme of pronachism, its fac
~ being much shorter in proportion tina
the baboons, and the facial angle nea
~ As degrees.
The brain-case in the ascending sea
grows enormously. this development b
er ing to the higher part of the brai
la called the cerebral hemisphere.
IN Ascending to the anthropoid ape
az the facial angle IS deeper, the jaw
~ project less. and in the character OF Il
or teeth and whole shape of the iawboi
O. there is considerable approach to Il
in human.
nd A comparison of structure shows a
tonishingly little difference betwe,
man and the anthropoid apes. 1t
difficult to draw up definition of oi
of group that win entirely exclude Il
he other.
ga The cerebellum Qower brain) in
the other mammals--even in dogs al
~ horses-is always in view; but in ma
ror and the anthropoid apes is covered u
,ln and to see il one must press the hel
he ispheres apart, or take the brain upsi
down and view it from below.
In the structure of the feet. of I
muscles. and of the character of (
ant teeth the anthropoid apes and man q
oly exceedingly close together; yet it,
~ not in the least degree likely that m
an is descended from any of the anthi
ain poid apes.
ice The gorilla (about the highest
md the anthr1poid ape type) shows &
per mendous development of the ridges o'
the eye, it's brain-case not extcndi
over the ear at all.
-. All the anthropoid apes retain I
~. structure of the hind feet as distil
oid from the hand, characterzine the fo
on handed type; namely, the opposa