davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1897-09-10
WlLLOPEN SATURDAY.
L. Janda Takes the Glass Block Boot
and Shoe Stock.

S. w. Hamm, of Chicago, arrived in
the city Saturday to assist his
bro ther, T. P. Hamm, in the manage
me Mt of the Richards Bankrupt Store
until the stock is disposed of.
The store will open Saturday morn
ing. A hundred clerks have been en-
gagged and fifty more are needed.
Some of the merchants have taken
considerable quantities of the stock,
and Manager Hamm states that if
they continue to do so he can close
out the stock in sixty days.
Louis Janda has purchased the
boot and shoe department and will
conduct it where it is, in conf nctio
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1897-09-10

-Acetylene gas bicycle lamps have
made their appearance in this city
and one was exhibited on the streets
last night, attached to Frisbie Pope's
wheel. 1t casts strong, far reach !.
ing light and is not extinguished by
jarring. These are two important
features in which most bicycle lamps
are weak.
Mrs. E. r. Mckinney, of this city,
received a cablegram Monday an
nouncing the death of her sister, Mrs.
Laura Amy Carvell, at Assam, India.
The death occurred Aug. 1st. Mrs.
Carvell has been missionary in
India for seven years. Lake Crystal
paper copy.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1897-09-10

at work on his annual report. He has
completed that portion in relation to
the independent and special school
districts of the county, and the fol-
lowing are some Of the principal
items:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1897-09-10
in nANKATO NEXT YEAR.

$3.50 $19,2O5.14 $27, $500
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1897-09-10

The next annual meeting of the
Minnesota Christian Missionary So
ciety will be held in this city in Aug,
1898. The meeting will continue for
several days. 1t was held at Mime
apolis this year, and was well attend
ed and great progress reported. The
Christian Women's Board of Missions
meets at the same time and place as
the other convention. Mrs. Caroline
Prentiss Kelly, Of this city, is the new
vice. president.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1897-09-10

DIR. Webster yesterday removed a
tumor from the left hand and wrist
of Peter Berg, of Mankato township.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
REPORTED
UNDERST ANDINC.
Regarding the Nomination For
Attorney General,
GUARDIANSHIP OF THE STATE
COMMITTEE ATTRACTS ATTEN.
TIoN-FRIENDs OF MAJOR TY-
LER DENY THAT THEY ARE
OPPOSED TO THE RE ELECTION
OF CHAIRMAN ELLYsoN-THE
POLICY OF THE PopULIsTs NOT
ENTIRELY SETTLED YET.
GUARDIANSHIP. OF THE STATE

Richmond, July 2T.-There is, it is
SAD, movement on foot to effect an I'M
Outstanding between the friends of the
seven candidates for attorney general bv
which the nomination for that Office
snail De made Immediately after the gov
ernorshlp is disposed of. The invariabie
custom In this State, heretofore, has
been to take up the three places in the
orcer IN which they are named on the
oiiicial ballot. This placed that of attor-
ey-9eneral at the bottom of the list.
The object in the move to change this
custom and dispose of the nomination for
attorney general ahead of. the lieutenant
governor is to enable the candidates for
the former position &c stand before. the
convention upon their own merits and
prevent any combinations from being
erected based upon the lieutenant gov
ernorship. If majority of the candi-
dates Tor the place agree upon this ar
rangement, it can easily be- carried out
The craftsmanship of the State commit
tee seems to be looming I'D as promi
neutly as one or more of the places on
the ticket which is to be made up by the
convention. The report that the friends
81 Malor.Tyler are not disposed to look
with favcr upon the re. election of present
Chairman Ellyson is not regarded as at
~ we'll 'Aouhueu. DO lar. from this being
the case there have been received here re-
Gently positive assurances from those
near Major Tyler which indicate that
these gentlemen desire Mr. Ellyson to
continue in the place he now holds. This
gentleman is ready--tD continue to serve
his party in this or any other capacity to
which they may assign him.
The policy of the Populists in this
campaign does not seem to be entirely
settled among the leaders. One of the
members of the Populist State commit
tee said it was impossible to tell whether
the. Lynchburg convention will nominate
q full ticket or name any candidates Mt
all. The fact that Tyler is to be the
Democratic nominee for governor is salts
factory to that clement. They can at
best have only an interest now in the
lieutenant governorship, there being
every assurance neutrality-suspicious. of the
Roanoke convention is likely to meet
with their approval.
There is a sentiment III some sections
of the State in favor ..of amending the
constitution so as to elect county and
city school superintendent by the people
instead of by the State board of educa-
tion, ms at present The agitation of this
question has been brought about by the
case OF the Accomac superintendent
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
new path
TO KLONDIKE.
An Easy Route Of 1870 Miles Over
Level Prairies.
MINERS MAY NOW GO BY STAGE
LINE-A NEWSPAPER MAN
SHOWS THE WAY TAKEN BY
LIEUTENANT scHwATKE. THE
ALASKAN ExPLoRER-MoRE
FREIGHT THAN THE INDIAN
. CARRIERS CAN HANDLE-LARGE
CROWDS CONTINUE TO LEAVE
FOR THE GOLD FIELDS.

Fort Townsend, Wash, July 27.-The
steamer City of Topeka arrived TODAY
from Alaska. She brinps news that the
hlondike fever Is on the increase Mt in.
neau, nearly every able. bodied man there
either having gone or preparing to 90 TO
the rich fields. Authentic reports direct
from Dyea are that there is now as much
freight piled up at the head of the inlet
as the Indians can pack over the divide
in the next eighteen months. This amount
OF freight will be mote than doubled
when the steamers Queen aud Mexico,
now en- route, arrive. This condition of
affairs practically precludes the posi-.
bility of hundreds of gold seekers reach
ing the mining region this year.
Frank b. Myers, a juneau newspaper
man, will leave here in two weeks for
Dawson City. He will go by the route
followed by Lieutenant Schwatke, who
conducted an exploring party into the
Yukon Valley in 1889. This route starts
from Takou inlet 30 miles south of
Juneau, from Takou, to Lake Testin, a
distance of $50 miles ever level prairies,
and The country from Lake Testin is an
open valley, through to the Yukon river
by way of the Hootinghua river With
pair of pack horses the Takou route ia
by far the more preferable. 1t is posi-
BILE that stage line will be operated over
this route. Parties who have been over
both routes say that the walk of 1870
miles over the level country is more
easily accomplished than that of the 10
miles over the Chilkat summit.
John G. Brady has taken his oath of
Office. and is now Alaskas governor.
10 day the steamer Mexico left with
4oo passengers, all except 90 being bound
for the Klondike gold fields Many have
supplies for three years stay. The
party was made up of men representing
all callings, including number of vet
Grams who had joined the similar rush to
| California In 40 -
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
MRS. MAVERICKS CASE.
The British Government Refuses to In,

The British Government Refuses to In
terfere in the Sentence.
Washington, July 27.-The British
government has again refused to inter-
fere in the sentence of Mrs. Florence
Maybrick, on the ground that there is no
reason for change of Judgment in the
matter.
The last effort to secure at least an
ameiioration in the conditions of her con.
finement was made by Ambassador Hay.
who had some correspondence on the sub.
1ect with the foreign Office, which he has
transmitted to the State Department.
Lord Salisbury appears to have called for
report in the case from Secretary Ri lley
and the Secretary regretfully stated that
he was unable, in view of the conclusion
which had been reached by himself and
his predecessor IA to Mrs. Maybrick's
guilt, to recommend to her majesty that
any exceptional treatment should be ac-
corded to her. Secretary Ridley also adj
ded that the medical report in Mrs.
Naybrick's case WAS quite satisfactory,
an evidence that the government does not
credit any OF the statements as to the
insanity Of the prisoner.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
A CONSUL KILLS HIMSELF.
West Virginia Appointee Suicides at San
Salvador


Panama, Columbia via. Galveston.
Tex, July GA telegram from San
Salvador states that Otto Munchmeyer,
United States consul there, committed
suicide last night.
He succeeded his father, Frederick
Munchmeyer, as consul Mr.. Munich.
meyer Sr., was appointed there from
West Virginia in February, 1896 His
family accompanied him to his post of
duty, and upon his arrival he appointed
his son as consular agent.
The father contracted fever during the
summer of 1875 and died, and his son
was appointed TO the vacancy thus
created. The Munchmeyers are we'll
known in their native city Of Parkers-
burg, w. Va.
No news can be obtained here to-
night as to the reason which actuated
Munchmeyer in committing suicide.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
SHERMAN MAKES DENIAL.
Says it is Untrue That Reid Will Succeed
Him

Amagansett, N. Y, July 27.-Secre-
tary John Sherman positively refused to
enter into any conversation to day re-
garding the annexation question.
II shall lay all matters regarding
Japan aside until return to business in
few days" he said
us it true that you are to resign, and
that Mr. Whitelaw Reid is to get the APP
pointn.enty" Mr.. Sherman was asked.
NO, sir. The story is without founda.
ton, and if my health holds out shall
see the annexation question 10 settle
ment."
Nothing would induce the Secretary to
talk more. He devoted the afternoon to
driving to Gardeners Bay with his
brother, Major Sherman, and Mr.. and
Mrs. McCallum.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
THE popE's HEALTH BETTER.
He is Giving Special Attention to Inter
national Arbitration.

national Arbitration.
London, July 27.-The Rome cores
pondent of the Pail. Mall Gazette says
that In spite of the intense heat the Pope
Is In his usual state of health. Indeed no
Is feeling much better thar lie felt last
winter.
He Is again directing special attention
to the question OF International arbitra-
tion. which he considers matter apper.
tanning peculiarly to the papacy.
Paris. July 27.-The Figaro predicts
the carly issuance of a papal .'encyclical
censuring the priests who, despite the
warnings of their ecclesiastical suueriors
continue 20 incite the ..workingmen of
France and other countries to demand
their rights, forgetting meanwhile their
own priestly duty, which is to enjoin the
workingmen to respect also the rights of
their employers.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
HANNA TO THE RESCUE

Cleveland, o., July 27.-Thomas Young,
the representative of Senator Hanna,
went to Pitts0urg to-day to attend the
meeting of operators, with instructions
from Mr.. Hanna TO use every effort to
bring about speedy settlement of the
miners strike. All Cleveland operators
are hopeful that the conference will re.
suit in some satisfactory adjustment of
the trouble.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
PowpERLY DENouNcEn.

New York, July 81 District A ssenbly
No 4, of the Knights OF Labor, yester-
day passed strong resolutions condemning
the nomination of T.. v. Powderly as
United States commissioner of immigra-
ton.
The Senate was commended for not
confirming the appointment. Powderly
was denounced as renegade and traitor
Tor turning to gold after. speaking for
years in favor of free silver
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
BONES OF MINNIE WILLIAMS.
Remains of One of Murderer Holmes Vic
Tins Found in Illinois

tiulS Ounu IN ILLINOIS.
kankakee, ILL.,, July 81. Interest in the
story of FL. H. Holmes, the multi muir
derer, has been revived by a discovery of
Momence, in Kankakee county,. There
have been found skull and bones which
undoubtedly are remains of Minnie Will
liams, the Typewriter, whose wealth
marked Der as one of the numerous vic
tins of Holmes.
The remains log cabin in the
thickly wooded and little traversed dis.
trict on the banks of the Kankakee. some
miles above Momence, was the scene of
the discovery.
The bones were found by Shawnasset
half breed Indian, and his white COM
panion, David Shidler, Jrappers and
fishers
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
HORSE THIEF LYNCHED.

Little Rock, Ark, July s7.-News
reached here to-day of the ..lynching of
one horse thief and the fatal shooting of
another one by mob near the lines of
Scott and Young counties, sixty miles
from telegraph office. Both of the vic
tins are white and their names are
Crownover and Beach.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
MAY LYNCH RENHAM

Batavia, N. Y, July ::27.-The intense
interest in the Benham trial has given
rise to nlutterirgs of discomfort which
have alarmed the authorities. Benham
thinks he will be acquitted There are
ugly rumors in circulation that If the
wife poisoner goes free there will be a
Iynching case in Genessee county.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
PRICE OF SILVER DROPS

New York, July 27.-The market price
OF bar silver reached low water mark
yesterday. The assay bars were quoted
at 90 cents. which made the silver In a
standard silver dollar worth 1858 cents,
as against $3.50 lin 1894. The market
opened 59.1S cents an ounce, and later
declined to 90 rs cents.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
ROANOKE VA. WEDNESDAY. JULY %. 1897.

aud they will willingly support him pro-
yided their candidate for second place is
recognized by the Democrats.
Among those mentioned as probable
nominees are the names of Major Gaines,
Col. Lewis, Of the Seventh district; Major
v. w. b.. Hale, of Franklin, and w. n.
Graveley, of Henry.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
ENGLEBY BRO. G. co
MAssAcRED BY NATIVES.

Simla. July o7.-Information was re-.
ceived.here this morning that the British
camp at Malakand, in .Chitral, was Mt.
tackled by natives last evening, and one
British officer was killed, and three other
officers were wounded.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
NEW BOLIVIAN MINISTER.

Washington, July 81. Senior Louis
Paz, the new Bolivian minister, presented
his letter of credentials TO the President
to day. He was Introduced by Acting
Secretary Andee and the usual compli-
mentary speeches were made.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
HOT ENOUGH FOR Won,

have hot weather shoes for everybody.
Keep your feet nice and cool ana you can
stand the hot weather. have complete
stocks in two stores-Salem avenue and
Jefferson street. BACHRACH.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
BIG PAPER MILL BURNED

Kaukauna, Wis, July The extern
sive plant of the Badger Paper Company
was totally destroyed by fire early this
morning The loss will be $3.50, 900,
partly covered by Insurance of about
S2n0,C EGO. The mill was one of the
largest in the Northwest, and was built
in 1884.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
A DECISION TODAY.

New York, July 27.-Judge Newbur-
ger said to day he wonld hand down his
decision in the demurrer os Augusta
Mack and Martin Thorne to morrow
morning. He has prepared his decision,
but has not written it,
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
HAT FACTORY BURNED

YonkeIs, N. Y. July 27.-Fire this
evening in Reed g. Co.'s hat factory
caused great excitement and called out
the entire department. Loss over $685.
600. No lives we're lost.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28

Hard times at your house. Then you
want shoes at factory cut prices. They
are at our special cut price shoe sale.
Roanoke Shoe Co.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28

EARTHQUAKE ON THE COAST.
San Francisco, July 27.-A slight earth
Quake shock was felt here at 20 o'clock
p. III. No damage was done.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28

The cut price shoe sale is on this week.
Some goods at cost. Some at bargain
counter prices. Roanoke Shoe Co.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
YOUR INTEREST.

Children not accompanied by parents
or some one responsible for their con-
duct, will not be permitted to enter the
Academy either night of the Business
College commence Those wish
ing to hear may expect n good programme
and good order.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
THE wRATHER.

Forecast for Virginia.: Rain wednes-
day. stationary temperature cas-, eriy
winds.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
sPAlN's KING NEARLY KILLED. =
Accidentally Shot at While Walking With
His Mother.

Madrid, July 27.-Queen Regent Chris.
tina and Alfonsohad a narrow escape from
a probable killing to-day. While they were
walking in the woods near the summer
court at st. Sebastian a heavy load Of
shot, discharged by q youth who was out
bird shooting ..andss who had not noticed
their presence, passed close &c their
heads.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
FOR SALE.

~ TOO Oh DE.
m One new Cleveland" '07 model
SASfa except the frame, at a special
Ri price of sos; new '06 $40 "Cres.
cents at $50; second hand wheels
n at $50. Bicycle lessons free of
y charge. 500 Progress" bicycle
at $50.
ROANOKE CYCLE CO.,
los Salem Ave. S. W.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28
Suit-makine at
Little Prices.

If YOU'RE IN NEED OF A
SUIT VISIT US; WE'VE SOME
NOTWITHSTANDING BARGAINS.
GILKESON g. TAYLOR.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-07-28

We will sell anything in our line dur.
ing tile coming week at cost for cash.
MARK REED,
Trustee for ]. Donaldson,
No. 125 Salem avenue.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1897-05-13

kerite, stearin and paratfin. The pro-
portions are kept n secret, and also
the manner Of mixing. It is understood
that the paratiin is melted and the ozo-
kerite stirred IN, when it IS allowed to
cool lightly before the stearin is added
The compromising IS kept q secret with
the makers. The advantage of the com
position IS that It can be used upon
either a hard or a soft surface. For use
IN cold weather 1t is allowed to harden.
1t IS then cut into blocks and laid upon
the ice. The blocks are melted together
into one sheet BY having liquid wax
poured between them. Finally there
Is n smooth, broad, fawicss surface
presented.
The beauty OF this block arrang
ment Is that the wax preserves the ice
from the sun and keeps 1t hard. 1t can
scarcely melt except in case OF a per
sistcntA thaw. Even should il do so.
the wax blocks float and there is nc
danger from the water beneath. \
slight sinking of the surface along the
edge Of the lake is the only indication
Of the melting Of the ice beneath.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1897-05-13
Tra Human Life Line.

Starting from the base Of the big
toe there IS a distinct line. This is
the life line. In one foot it Will curve
along lntIl it terminates under the in
stop far toward the lower bass of the
little toe. This means Tong life. II
broken in the hollow OF the. foot it
d"notes a sickness at middle age. and
il il terminates in the middle Of the
foot il means a. short life. This line
is the most interesting one on the foot.
The experiments that have been con
Quoted lately have proved this to be
an almost unfailing reading OF lon
sevlty.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1897-05-13
FOB FARM AND &
MINERAL MANCRES FOR POTATOES

Potash IS the mineral that is most
needed for the potato crop. But il Is
much better distributed as q top dress
ing over the whole surface than ap-
piled with the seed potatoes in the
hill. The potato roots, very early IN
their growth. fill the soil between the
rows. When mineral are APP
piled IN the hill, unless care is taken
TO mix them thoroughly with the soil.
they may eat into the cut seed and
effectnaily destroy the germ. When
used broadcast on the surface there is
40 danger Of this.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1897-05-13

German lawyers are prepared -
undertake. the performance OF profess
sional duties n 4 ate Of remuneration
which would b." deemed ridiculous IN
England" the Law Journal says. 50
We gather from tAe Interesting report
which Mr.. Rr.ckdalc has written as a
result Of the Investigation he made.
with the authority Of the treasury. into
the working Of the system or re-.9tra-
ton Of title 10 Land n Germany and
Austria Hungary. The fee of 4 Gcr-
man lawyer Who + employed IN con
nection With tho transfer u registered
land is on -Ec sai4e scale - the re ot
The registry. Hence. T lie value o. th.-
land IS i1pal, the avye- = entitled T.
the magnificent SUN u : shilling 3
pence. while IN n thousand-pouOl
transaction he gets 80 shiltngs. It 8
TO be hoped that no reader % Mr.. Brick
dale's report VII - I94i - believe that
because such ar-ansements are made
In Germany they are possible = Ea
gland
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1897-05-13
EFFECT OF

OF a lot ~ twenty yearling and two
year-oIi steers now being fed a. the
Oklahoma experiment station, eleven
were dehorucd IN November, the
Others having been dehornei previoUs-
~. Three days later the dehorned
steers were found to have lost al aver
age Of over eleven pounds each ID
weight, while those previously de-
horned showed an average gain of
fifteen pounds each. One week later
the freshly dehorned steers showed a
gaia Of thirty pounds each the !other
nine a gain Of twenty-one pounds.
The apparent loss from the dthornlng
for the ten DAYS was about sixteen
pounds each. No one Of the dehorned
steers seemed 10 SHOW any Ill effects
from tie operation, but they evident
lv ate less Tor a few GIvs. -Amerlcan
AgrlculturIst.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1897-05-13


'''
-,o
/ 4 -
'N.'" ! 30
.... 1. .,o.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1897-05-13
ANATOMY OF THE HORSE S FOOT.

Dr.. Rl,h ). H~uidehoper, professor
Of veterinary Jurisprudence, American
Veterinary college Of New York, gave
the second Of his series Of interesting
lectures on the exterior Of the horse
at the American Horse Exchange re-
Gently, his remarks being confined on
this occasion to the mechanics Of the
function aud the hygiene of the foot
and the principles of h~orseshoelng,
which we're illustrated by dissections
Of the foot and noof, and by sample
of shoes in ordinary use.
In order to- ncqualnt those of the
audience who had not been present on
the occasion Of his first lecture with
what had there t%ranspired, the doctor
gave a synopsis Of his previous re
marks, touching lightly on the pre-
historic races of the horse, or equides,
and briefly explained how the digits
had become soliditied into the cor
onary, navicular, and pedal bones, or
aborted into short splint bones as seen
in the horse Of the present day. The
lecturer then showed by an array OF
exceedingly clearly defined specimens
| of the normal foot before and after
maceratior, longitudinal section Of the
TO- 90 ,.,rt,,oj ,,,] coo
tions Of the hoof internal and exttr-
nal, plantar cushion and horny frog,
the exact relation of the internal
parts, and the operation of the ten
dons upon the phalanxes or p%astcra
bones.
The doctor took especial pains to
demonstrate how the outer or horny
wall OF the foot-the hoof-gfew
downward- from the cutidure, al en-
larged circular band or ridge which
! crowns the living parts and underlles
that portion Of the foot known as the
coronet He then demonstrated hv
the macerafed specimen how a lamin-
ateu tissue on the surface of the living
portion dove~tallad luto the inner wall
Of the hoof holding the latter as 1t
were lnterlocked a. we'll as glued OF.
The hoof or horny envelope Of tie
foot was shown IN sections. and tLen
huflt nm the lapturar ~fttiar in tic