davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1897-06-04
1Ac'REAT' 4 / TRIAL. :,
kt
"A Jury Secured in the
Coudotte Case With
Little 4 Trouble.
The Testimony of Holy
Track Fini shed Last
Fyening.
There will . bably Be
Ten DayssMore Of
Court.
ruRspAY-Aprsnxoox sRss1ox.

A0AkNOVAS O1o0kySNs
The great murder trial has begun.
Promptly at o'clock Last Tuesday the
June term Of court for the third subdivis.
ion Of the sixth judicial district, was
opened by proclamation OF tho shsri6. as
provided by law.
Messrs. John d. Flynn. Nicholas Ora.
ham. Joseph L. Lindsey and Oscar w.
Nelson were appointed baihds By the
sheriff and were sworn in by the clerk.
The list Of persons drawn for Jury duty
was called, aud all who had been found
by the sheriff responded to their names,
except Henry Van Beck, who sent word
to the court that his wife was sick.
The following persons appeared with
their witnesses and were naturalized:
Martin Schutt, subject of Russia. Wit.
nesses-H. A. Armstrong and Michael
Mahaney.
Gotsl,eb Dockter, a subject OF Russia,
witnesses Hsrman Backhaas and Martin
k6ohntt. 3s IA
John b. Burbage. = subject Of Great
Britain. Wisnessss-Ge George Knudtson and
Wesley Baker.
August Flegel, subject of Russia.
Witnesses-Hermann Backhaus and Her.
mann ]. Herolz.S
Annie Winterberg, subject of Great
I Britain. Witnesses Ole Thompson aud
kAfssnI Naatison. Is s..S 81: M.
Hanso Yikse. y abiect Of Norway,
witnesses-oie ThotSpson and Martin
Mattison.
William Colvllle, . subject of Great
Britain, witnesses--N. L. Sherman and
John Jackson.
( John jackson, q subject of Great Brit.
tain. Witnesses Wesley Baker and VIM.
Colville.
Algot Carlson, a subject of Norway and
Sweden. Wltnesses-Henry A. Armstrong
and Oscar W. Nelson.
The calendar was then read by the
clerk. Ike only civil cases were ths
venerable old chestnuts in which foul
thrasher liens are sought to be foreclosed
by Ira I. Young. and which have beer
on the current records of the court fol
many years. These again went over the
term. -
The first criminal case on the calendar
was that Of the State Of North Dakota vs.
| Ruby Caldwell. accused of assault will
intent % kill. bnt tn states attorne,
I elected To tak4 up ths more important
caaes sQf The State w.; Alec. C0ud0tts, ons
of the men accused of the spicsr nnr
ders. Coudotte was in court, seated be
tween Deputy Sheriff Llvermore ant
Harry Mclaughlin, who had been select
fed and sworn as interpreter. Coudottt
was asked II he could speak English ant
he replied in the negative. The lnforma
tion was then read by States Attorne,
Armstrong, and defendant was asked i
he was reedy to plead, and he replied Ii
the affirmative. He was asked his az
and gave it as being about 83. The in
formation-a lengthy document wa
read. As the attorneys fors the defens,
Ehad just been served With . COPY of tn,
Information. they wers given ustil 9;a
lm., Wednesday to plead thereto
| Messrs. Macnider, Csrley and xitlenaa
were excused for the term.
The prisoner was handcufed and takel
i back to Jail, and court adjourned to 8. a
I'm. Wednesday.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1897-06-04
LOCAL ITEMS;

NVVhA AAHWOr
Mike Rush made trip to Sterling on
Friday last
Tommy Jones brought in twenty wolf
scalps last Friday.
Auditor Braddock spent Sunday at his
home in Dakem.
L. Wescott brought in eight wolf scalps
yesterday. and R. g. Wagner, i've.
Jack Waldon came in yesterday and i,
is said Billy Rouse will be here to-day.
Johnny Homan. Of Bismarck, IS cook
ing q The Yeater House during court.
Jim Mcdonald and Mr.. Strlckler, of
Blsmafck. are n town.
John r Cell has moved into his new
residence nsar tho court house.
Editor streetsr attended, The Memorial
services at Bismarck Sunday and n Aonday.
james B. Gayton, Of Hampton, .rans,
acted business in Wllliamsport the latter
part of last week. -. s.
Fred Cotton traded q bunch of 80 head
horses. last Friday, to W. T. Jayd, OF
Bismarck, for some real estate east Of
I Hilliamsport
Ihs Manual meeting Of the State Dairy
= mems Aasoctstion will y 6slsis at James.
itoskn. June Is, u and H.
Sheriff shisr, On Tuesday. swors Is. q I.
special deputies, w. B Eisssraose, Eu
gene WaMrof, Harry Procunler and HsnrJi
tReamann.
The Corbin's (the two Ben's) brough ii
fourteen wolf scalps and eight little cubs
which Ben Sr. killed and scalped in from,
of the court house last Monday.
: Owing to the rainy weather SO Ear this
week. there were not as many people ir
town as had been expected, although
there were many arrivals last evening.
Mayor Flynn, of Winona, has beer
acting as bailiff during the trial ot th.
Indians, and has been performing hi.
duties very quietly. Consequently his lit
tie blue mares will not be advertised thi
time.
On the 10th inst, the evening of th,
Pioneer picnic. at Arthur McGinness
house there will be an opportunity t,
dance, ss he has put up q large new hous,
and : 8enersl good time may be had
Every body cordially iinvised. g;
Allison U,unnias wanted for kin
inRs asnan naisod Barnard ID Wyom,ne
was captured BY W. B. Livertnore. rsa
Mlnot, last week. Mr.. Livermore tool
him to sundance, Wyoming, last Thurs
day. A reward of 500 was offered To-
his arrest.
Grant Buckley was arrested last weel
on conplalnt Of Wiley Wilson for care
ieasly settsug Gro tos tie prairie. Deput,
sherin Boa,ii.ler II out LAST saturda,
and bronsAt ff Buckley to town
Ihe esss VIII consup at the present tern
The match rsoe between Cha,lie Nc
Laughlin's horse Jim Uafbett. and. Bad
/ ger & Green's Pat BsndsrS I'd. vhicl
was to. be run at the Mandan fais, xround
next Saturday has been pnssp1nsd unit
June 10. Mr.. McLaugh HIN nots Ing abl
to be present on Saturday, hS being a,
interpreter on the murder case
In . recent letter. P. q. Foley rays: q
am nearer TO this town (GieSdiye, Mont.
now than IN Tnkno. or ,na.Sss ssA>t,ls..,...,.. :
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1897-06-04
THE ONLY LINE
Running Electric-Lighted and Steam
Heated Vestibaled Trains.

Timetables. maps and information re.
garding routes, rates and other details
relating to the road will be furnished on
application to any coupon-ticket agent,
or by addressing GEO. h. HEArFoHD,
General Passenger Agent, Chicago, lii
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1897-06-04
Cemetery Association Meeting.
A

To the Editor OF the Record.
Winchester. N. d., May 2s.--Notlce Is
hereby given that the regular annual
meeting Of the Beaver Valley Cemetery:
Association will be held in the Burges
'school-house on Monday June I, 4 S97, ut
4 o'clock p. m. GEO. II. MCLAI1.ss.,,es = 4:
gG. A. HEROLZ, Secy, HI $5S%a
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1897-06-04

Ae 6taW . attorney
l M. Coudotte.
sfense made
|Sss shads sleans ;
= - u
order u coust slthe
Of such ~ s.1ses by
principal expsnse nee
sending for Indian 4
Clerk =. Of 5taph
supposed d 10 havs IN
former so-called =
Track. The states
he had q type-wrlt
would furnish the de,
subject was temporary
The defendant hs
guilty. the selec
ordered' by Jr''
Z IL ~ lsss- e - = 80
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1897-06-04
wEDNRspAY-roRrnoor .erss1on

wEDHEsDAY-ToRExooN SESSION.
Court opened at 20 a. m. All the jury
panel present, except Van Beck.
Attorneys Stevens and Stoyell appeared
,as associated counsel for Coudotte. 4-''
q The states attorney moved ~
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1897-06-04
CHICAGO,
Milwaukee e.
ST. PAUL R'Y

1s the best line to and from Chicago, Mil.
wankee and all points East. With its
8, 155 miles Of thoroughly equipped road,
it reaches all principal business ceaters in
Northern Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa,
Minnesota, South Dakota, North
Dakota, and Northern Michigan.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30
LUCK OF EOENHALL.
Famous Crystal Relic Restored to HIS
RightfuI Owner.

To those who have read Longfellow's
fine ballad of The Luck of EdenhaH'
or the poem by Schiller, from which
the American took his theme, IL VIII
come as a surprise to be told that the
famous Luck" the glass of crystal
tale" is still in existence and was not
shattered after all by its rash young
owner. In point of fact, there has just
been happily concluded in England
ceremony intimately connected with
the Luck" and its fortunes.
The story goes that the Luck" is a
magic cup given to an early MusgraVe
bv St. Cuthbert. On one occasion tho
then knight of Edenhall, being re-
| turned from the chase, and feeling
athirst. sent a retainer to fiji! the goblet
at St. Cuthbert's we'll The man was at
tackled on the margin of the well by
great host of evil spirits, who endeav'
orcd to wrest from his hands the gift
of the enemy, ST. Cuthbert. But Mus
graves retainer was stanch Of heart as
well as stout of frame. He resisted brave
" and in the end drove off his assall
ants. Thereupon St. Cuthbert ap
peared to him in the guise OF paine
from the holy land, and, complimentini
him highly on his progress against tn
evil spirits, promised that so long a
the fragile drinking vessel remalne'
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30
THE FAMOUS CRYSTAL RELIC.

unbroken the house of Musgrave should
enjoy good luck and reasonable pros
| perity.
/ Now the grandmother of Sir r. q.
| Musgrave of Edenhall had taken great
! fancy to the Luck" and in some man
ner it was conveyed from its resting
place in the hall to this lady's dover
house. Here it remained an exile for
many years. until Sir K. G. Musgrave re-
solved to have it brought back. To
lend dignity and interest to the home
coming, he sent out invitations to the
Musgraves far and near. The repre-
sentatives of nearly all the chief
branches of the family of Musgrave were
present. They numbered more than a
score. and came from America, Austria
liza, New Zealand and South Africa, as
well as from different parts of Great
Britain and Ireland The Luck" was
borne tenderly from the late Lady Mus
graves dover house in Edenhall, in
the huge family coach of state, its
guardians being the head of the family
himself and his cousin. Sir Richard
j. Musgrave, Bart, of the Irish branch.
~ ISdSl lOOh place Ill us nOuOF at Euen-
hall, and a ball later in the evening
closed the festivities. The Luck" now
reposes, with its leather case, in the
plateroom at the seat of the Musgraves
Schiller and Longfellow both drew on
their imaginatiOns for the subject mat
ter of their ballads of the Luck of
Edenhall." The ancient goblet was
never in much danger of being broken,
for the Musgraves, Except during the
early part of the last century when
they sided with the Pretender) have al
ways been quiet, sensible country gen
tlemen, without any of the wildness of
character eyinced by Longfcllow's hero.
The receptions of the capture and de-
structiOn of Edenhall and the shatter-
ing of the goblet are quite imaginary.
as anyone who will take the trouble
to make the journey from "merrie Car
Isle" to the shrine of the Luck" can
see for himself The return of the
treasured cup has reawakened interest
! nits legendary history throug hout Eng
land, and in December a deputation
from the Royal Aquarium society will
visit Edenhall and formally inspect its
Luck. "-Chicago Inter Ocean.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30

An honest Swede employed as a farm
hand is source of much amusement TO
his employer. The latter has been much
annoyed by thievish birds, and one day
he directed the Swede to rig up a scare
crow. The Swede set to work to make
the frame. and when he put the clothes
on the sticks, he was noticed glancing
very frequently at the garments and
then at his own. But presently he fin
ished the work of art. and then returned
to his employer, who stood at some lit
tie distance. Finally he said: Say,
sir!" well, John?" Maybe | better
change clothes with Mr.. Scarecrow,
or else stand myself in his place" The
farmer took the hint and gave him
better suit.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30
THE OLD WAREHOUSE.
1t Responded Enthusinstically to the
Call of the BuEle.

1t Responded Enthusinstically to the
Call of the BuEle.
Evidently man is not the only being
of creation who is very sensible to the
influence of music.
" have seen in port of Normandy the
A,st curious, the most touching ex-
Ot.ble of that effect, which the inf1u-
ence of memory, evoked by we'll
known air, can produce upon certain
old horses.
1t was at St. Valery-au-Caux An
unhappy animal which resembled the
Rosinante of Don QuiNote was breath
ing hard as it drew heavy load over the
uneven pavement of the market place.
The poor beast, all in a perspiration,
stopped at the end of his strength. The
carter furious, showered blows of the
whip upon his TANKS. Some sailors. no
doubt enchanted to see the embarrass-
ment of '"land lubber," joked and
laughed at the spectacle. trumpeter
of cavalry was passed with his instru-
ment This soldier evidently loved ami
mails, for he could not contain his in
diguation at the sight Of the bad treat
ment which the carter was giving the
horse, and demonstrated with it's master
Sir" l said to the trumpeter, in
stead of further eXasperating this man,
don't you think we could do better by
trying to push a wheel?"
The idea seemed good to him, and we
united our efforts to make the wagon
move, but half way up the ascent the
horse fell upon its knees.
That's what comes of buying horses
which are no longer good for service in
the army" cried the carter. At this ex-
clamation an idea come to the trum-
peter.
he asked quietly.
Bah, it was not in the marines, sup
pose" laughed the carter.
VERY well, then, keep on pushing
we'll see"
And putting his trumpet to his mouth
the trumpeter sounded the charge.
At the well-known sound of that
martial air the noble animal opened
wide its nostrils. raised its ears. then. |
with sonorous neighing, stood up on
its feet.
Electrified with his remembrances, he
went up with one bound the steep in
cline,and, his task accomplished, proud
ly stopped at the applause of the sailors
of the port, who were not laughing
now.
For all understood now; there existed
a tie between them and this old servant
of the country, who had perhaps led
their brothers to battle.-Chicago Inter
Ocean.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30

lIhese are very Hne suspenders," said the
fier to the lady, at the door. Il have
Einds-striped, plain, dark, light. Now
is very fine pair of plain ones. Did
Sve1 embroiderI, any scspenders for
No." said she.
NOW NOW don't you think you'd like to en-
1de era pair for his Christmas present?'
Well, has he real nice pair of suspend
hdler. N0'i' pei SiS'eu 'he
Really, I don't know" said she.
[Mell; madam, is your husband in?"
INNo; he's not here yet"
[. 10 you expect him in before supper"
M MNoI,,sqrely not by that time"
here% 49," "A-en lle III
mot the least idea"
[I Htu5nph1that's queer" unused the disap.
FQh, not so very" said the young lady.
haven't any husband. Detroit Free
Il Cbss
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30

Here is story of a bright little tot
of a boy whose father tried tc pun
ish him, told BY the New Orleans Times
Democrat 1t commenced by the ia
Their civ z an ACCOMPLISHMENT. Il
shan't behave" said the little fellow.
you are bad man, and [ don't like
you" At this the child was told to
stand in a corner with his face to the
wall; but he cried so bitterly that his
mother went up to him and said: You
go tell your papa that you are sorry,
and-he- will forgive you: The -f iitt11ffea
fellow approached his father, blubber.
ing, and blurted out, between sobs: 81
is sorry that you are such a bad man :"
Wei. 20 along and play, then" said
the father, trying to keep from laugh
ing.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30
CHEAP STRAW SHE'D

alone amply repay the cost of it, sno,
a shelter will answer for poultry. nira
or any kind of farm stock. F'o'
When cattle are dehorned, as tbev .,
ways should be, they can be allow,
to run loose without any danger hr4
milk COWS ought to be kept in SEM
rate stable. Years ago it was thmdr .
the proper thing to winter stock aroSn ~ ),
the straw stack, "to harden them" hnt
opinions have changed, and every ops i
forced to admit that II pays Felipe
stable all kinds of stock. Double The
amount of manure can be made in the
stable, and the quality will be much bet
ter.-Orange Judd Farmer.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30
FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.
a CHANGE OF HEART.

at care for nobody,
And nobody cares for ms"
Sang Tommy at play, in the sweet new nay
Where nobody could see.
So his mother made the fire,
And searched for the old hens nest,
While the sun from its place overhead
Went sliding into the west.
She filled the water pail,
And picked the berries for tea,
And wondered down in her tender heart
Where her little boy could be.
Alone in the dim old barn,
Tommy grew tired of play,
When the cows came home and the shad
ows fell
over the new-moWn hay.
So into the kitchen he ran,
With a noisy hi! vi! vi!
His mother had made him frosted cake;
She had made him a saucer pie.
So he gave her a loving hug
II will help next time" said he.
al care for somebody,
And somebody cares for me-"
Mary f. Butts, in outlook.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30
THE FARMING WORLD.
FARM ICE HOUSES.
A Hole in the Ground
Answers Ordinary Purposes

Answers Ordinary fuHP
As winter is again approaching anu
the memory of how much rellei sup
nIv of ice would have been during tue
heat of summer is strong, we sugses'
to all who live in d section where IL -
at ou nossible to get ice to build an
ice house this fall. And remeHipel ~
It is not necessary that the ice NC w.. w,
thick in order to keep. Ice an liIo"
thick will keep as well as that SIX lncne -
thick, if one only gets enough 49,,
The cheapest ice house, ana ior Ia, - =,
nses the best, is simply hole III ',ie
ground in some location "heie -,
parth at the bottom is porous enoue =
TO permit the absorption OF the va
from the ice as it melts. A hole 10 leeS
square at top and 20 feet deep Will MY
about 100 two-horse wagon Io"U9
ice. and it would suffice for the hee'is
of a family through the longest any ~,
hottest summer. Anything thaV W.
+urn water will do for the root. Ai'ei
the house is filled with ice it shouId Oo
: covered with straw, sawdust, leaves "
! any other dry material to the oep.H "
two or three feet, to keep out the neat
J On almost all farms it is easy TO Plo'
l vide a pond from which to get the ICE,
the only point to be particula.rI, Ia 49,
= ! -
o. s-Fs iil'1sf De :.
will be Est situated where it can hav,
some protection by trees or othcrwis,
during the middle of the day, so tina
the ice will be melted as little as posi-
Bile during the day. We are sure tha
anyone who has enjoyed the comfort
IT, 10 put it stronger, the luxury of ice
for one summer, will never fail to sup
ply himself again.-American Farmer
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30
"MY WIFE'S LIFE"
How | was the means
of saving it.

when the lungs are attacked and the
symptoms of consumption appear, then
begins the struggle between affection and
that destroying disease which Stays its
thousands annually. 1t is happy issue
to the struggle when disease is CONQUERED
and health restored. Such an issue does
not always end the struggle, but it did in
the case Of Mr.. X. Morris, Memphis Tenn,
who saw his wife wasting and weak ening
and physicians helpless, and then sug-
gested the simple remedy that wrought
the cure. He tells the story thus:
Seven years ago, my wife had severe
attack of lung trouble which the ply
sicians pronounced consumption. The
cough was extremely distressing, espe-
c1ally at night, and was frequently
attended with the splitting of blood The
doctors being unable to help her, I in
duced her to try DR.. Ayers Cherry Pectoral
and was surprised at the great relief it
gave. Before using one whole bottle she
was cured, so that now she is strong and
quite healthy. That this medicine saved
my wife's life have not the least doubt.
] always keep DR.. Ayers Cherry Pectoral
in the house. Whenever any of my family
have a cold or cough we use it, and are
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30

promptly cured."-K. MORRIS, Memphis,
Tenn.
The question: "Is consumption cura-
Bile ?" is still debated, and still debatable.
1t is easy to say that this was not a case Of
consumption. Yet the physicians said II
was; They should know. AS a matter
OF fact, DR.. Ayers Cherry Pectoral haa
wrought so many similar cures that il
seems to argue the curableness of con-
sumption. in its earlier stages, by the use
OF this remedy. There is no better medi-
cine for pulmonary troubles than DR..
Ayers Cherry Pectoral. 1t gives relief in
cases of Asthma, and Bronchitis, where re-
lief has been heretofore unattaiuable. II
promptly cures Coughs and Colds, La
Grippe, and all affections of the throat
and lungs Heretofore, DR.. Ayers Cherry
Pectoral has been put up in full size
bottles only, at SI.oo per bottle. To meet
! wor ld-wide demand for a smaller pack
age, the remedy Is now put up in half size
bottles, at half price-5o cents. Write for
Dr. Ayers Curebook Gree and learn more
of the cures effected by DIT. Ayers Cherry
Pectoral. Address J. c. Aver Co., Lowell,
Mass.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30
Brain Work for Winter,

During the winter plans should be
made for lawns, the setting of shrubs
and trees for ornament. and, above ALL
the small fruits should be provided for
which are so delicious and really es-
sential to the health and prosperity Of
the family. Too many farmers neg
lect these necessaries, which are at the
same time real luXuries. Nothing gives
more substantial evidence of thrift OF
a farm than to see all these things in
abundance about the homestead
Farmers Review.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30
WILLIE'S DCGOUT.

oig out his proposed underground home.
he stole shovel somewhere and worked
every night for over a week digging and
hammering. The boy did all his worl,
In the night.
He finally completed the digping
having made a hole about four feet deep
and ten feet square. lie had driven
down planks on all sides of the hole to
keep the clay from falling in, and had
the excavation covered ever with
boards, over which he had placed bags
and mating, and the latter he covered
over with earth so that passers-by
would not be apt to notice the place.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30

~ Is pfedlcted that the vessels of the
anaiing fleet, most of whose I. writer's
IRE IN San Francisco, have been caught in
ne, ,ne ice and some may not last through the
iaos Danger also threatens those who neg.
h.. what are called drifting" ailments, for
.ns! may not last through the crisis. Re.
30: sort 10 Hostetter's Stomach Bitters at once
, oo. mclpient rheumatism, malaria, consti,
'"'loh' nervousness and kidney complaint.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30
LADS QUEER HOME.

For Several Months Willie Jones
Lived in Hole in the Ground.
Because 15-year-old Willie Jones, of
Buffalo, was tired of school he ran away
from home last August and has lived
ever since IN hole in the ground. The
police looked for him in vain. He was
discovered by the sheerest accident a
day or two ago.
Willie, during his days at school, read
a few wild west stories without the
knowledge of his te~cher, and from
these he conceived che notion of living
in a cave CT dugout.
He selected a quiet spot near large
clump of high weeds on an empty let
as an admirable spot upon which 10
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1897-12-30
Mnch DependH on Looks.

1t is not enough that butter be clean
it must appear clean. The butter that
you take to your customers with an old
rag or piece of linen tied over it may be
clean, but it will not be an easy matter
TO convince them of it. Better to buy
parchment paper, which costs but little
and use that. You will thus be able to
keep your trade. People are particular
ly eager to get butter they know to be
clean, and are willing to pay for the
cleanliness