davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-04
EVOLUTION OF MONEY.

Unwaxranted Government interference,
Prevents Easy Transition From One Sub
stance to Another.
Money is simply commodity that /.
generally recognized as a universal
equivalent, and its degree Of goodness.
or efficiency consists in the unanimity %
the recognition Of the fitness Of the com.
modify used as money to perform the
essential functions Of money. Many
commodities have been used as money,
and they have remained in use as Ions
as they met the essential requirement.
Of money among the people where used,
or until some other commodity appear.
ed the fitness Of which commended it.
self to the intelligence as being superior
to the commodity then being used.
AS people have advanced in discrim.
mating intelligence they have discard.
ed inferior commodities and adopted IL
place thereof something that was supe.
rior. These changes kept taking place
until finally gold and silver became the
commodities that were recognized by
the people Of most countries as being
the best for use as money. Sociological
transition is constant. Change is the
natural order Of things, and changes
come about naturally and are therefore
effected easily, il the natural process il
allowed to go on undisturbed. Trou.
blous friction ensues only when there il
obstructive governmental interference
to delay or defeat the natural order Of
thinga
In our own day the stagecoach has
been supplanted by the steam zzisoad
and stagecoaches have practically be-
come a thing Of the past. The tallow
dip was succeeded by lamps filled with
burning fluid or oil, and lamps by illu-
minating gas, and gas by electricity.
These and many other changes were &C
complished with no serious disturbance
whatever, and so it would be with COM
modities used as money in the absence
Of governmental obstruction. There
would be no threatening money ques-
tion in this country today, endangering
the continuity and perpetuity Of all
business activity, if the United States
was not engaged in the banking bust
ness.
Among civilized people the days Of
usefulness Of silver as money, except in
subsidiary forms, are numbered, and
silver is going out Of use as surely as
have the stagecoach and the tallow dip,
and for exactly the same reason-civi-
lzation has outgrown the conditions
which necessitated its use. No money
has ever come into use at the behest of
government or because Of statutory en-
actments, but solely because of recog-
nized ability to perform the functions
Of money. W. Wright in Sound
Currency.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-04

5 VO.0potoSlv0 0o0k1u8 E0& EofmO1os
The American Agriculturist Of April
{ again discusses editorially the centre
Of cooperative banking
among farmers" "This can be done, {"
it says. "by slight notifications Of the
ystem Of cooperative savings fund and
building associations or cooperative
banks, which has proved 60 remarkably
in American cities. These in
situations now hold over $500, 900, 900
Of deposits and are thoroughly demon
strated practical success The Saxon
Land Credit association "a report upon
which can be obtained BY writing to
The secretary Of state, Washington) il a
Of the Raifteisen system,
which in Prussia and Germany has
achieved the same success among the
working farmers Of those countries that
The cooperative banks have achieved in
our American cities. The people banks
IF Italy and neighboring countries, based
npon much the same plan, have had
success. Areport giving fur
ther particulars upon the Saxon Land
Credit association has been published
by the department. Of state for free dis
in which Consular Agent Pc
ters says with q truth that can never be
questioned:
What American farmers require to relieve
hem Of the present financial strain under
which they are living is the power to borrow
1t the lowest possible interest consistent with
heir securities and the financial conditions in
the great centers Of the world. So long as they
must borrow from the local money lender they
must pay high rate Of interest for accommo-
lation. Il Is this high rate Of interest under
which our farmers are now striving and fall.
elg that Is responsible for the general unrest
md dissatisfaction. Remove the high rate of
interest, give them the same opportunity to
1se their credit as men engaged in other bust
hess, exchange the present mortgage on the
arm for one with reasonable interest, which
he farmer can pay and have something left
or the savings bank. and we will restore hap
piness and prosperity.
This question has been solved by the farmers
md landholders Of Europe, and the solution
II the problem did not consist In the issue by
he government Of mass. of debased currency
circulated among the people at fictitious
value. The end was reached by the farmers
md hndholders by their own force and CO.
operation, by the founding Of associations
which In time became power in the land, and
whose financial strength was measured by mil
ions Of undoubted securities which the public
vas only too glad to invest in.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-04
Farm Loans.

Plenty Of money to loan on improved
farms Money furnished on short no.
tice. II SHORT & Co.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-04

When you buy bicycle exercise the same iudg-
ment farmer would do In buying harvester; buy Of
you need it, s$.sx.,lg
There number Of factories manufacturing
bicycles exclusively for obbing trade under differ
ent names in different localities with the close of
the year the name is dropped and next the same
bicycle Is advertised as s.up-to-date, Wheel at
fancy price, with big discount
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17
NEVER HEARD OF III.
What Banker Forgsn Says OF Scheme
to Loan $1OO,OOO,OoO TO Farmers.

Chicago. May l1-James B. Forgan.
president of the First National Bank,
whose name was connected with the plan
ming of gigantic financial organization,
In New York dispatch says.he never
heard of the scheme before. Mr.. Forgan
then said the proposed scheme was to
organize.a company with capital stock
of Sl00, CO., 600 to lend money to the south
and west farmers on banking system.
This scheme had its origin in this coun-
try, but afterward proved failure. If
tho wor king people contribute their
money To any such scheme as this rs sug-
gosted they will surely lose it, Another
thin X that makes me think there is moth
ing In the story is that II any man
could get together 500, 600, 900 to loan nc
any such a rate Of interest as is proposed
nc would be n fool 90 20 out hunting up
farmers 20 loan IL 60 when brokers i'm New
York would fall over themselves Offering
this that and the other security that
would bc better than anything farmers
could offer F"
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17
A FATAL FALL.
Mrs. Fox Died Last Evening OF In
juries Received in the Morning.
Immediately After the Accident She Said
That She Had Not Been Hurt.

Mrs Maria Fox, wife of John j. Fox,
jeweler, residing at 45 Franklin avenue,
died at O'Clock last evening from the
effects OF fail at her home. She and her
husband lived In small cottage and on
Saturday night..Mrs. Fox's sister. came TO
stop for the night with her and both
women retired early. Yesterday morn
ing she got up about I. % clock and started
to go from her sleeping room in the attic
TO her kitchen TO prepare breakfast. When
sho got to the second stair she lost her
balance and toppled over, her head strik-
ing along the wall and falling the dis
tance of six stairs.
Her sister whose name Is Miss Kate
Garvey heard the noise and came out of
her room. She saw Mrs Fox had fallen
and went To her assistance. In reply to
question Mrs Fox said she was not hurt
hut when her husband came up from
downstairs, he too having hoard the noise
of the fall, he discovered a slight scratch
on the side of her forehead When her
attention was drawn by him.to. the scratch
on her forehead she remarked in joking
way that she would have IA nice looking
head tomorrow and expressed her inten-
tions of going to church, but at once bade
her husband get the wood, II he wanted
any breakfast.
When the fire was started the injured
WOTluIl, Mlhb 0urNey uuu WI. TOA Stb
talking for awhile. and the latterlasked If
it would not be best 20 have "a doctor.
Mrs. Fox said she felt no Ill effects from
the fall, but her husband went to >. j.
Briggs & Sons drug store on Smith street
and telephoned for Dr. O'Leay. Whom
he got back he found his wife suffering
from a severe headache and as she seemed
TO get no relief, DIR. III. :. Flynn was
quickly summoned.
The doctor made an examination and
after advising Mrs Fox to lie down told
the husband. there might be no serious re-
suits, but IL was too early Co say posi-
lively. In about an hour DIR. Flynn re
turned and found tho headache had i'm
creased and that Mrs. Fox was uncon-
scious. DIR. O'Leary arrived in the mean
while and though everything was done for
the unfortunate woman sho aid not re-
cover consciousness before death came to
her relief The cause of death was the
rupture OF blood vessel. Mrs. Fox was
about 90 years of age and had been mar
ried about three years. she left no
children.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17
CONDITION GOOD.
PeterbOrO Bank Will Probably Pay
100 Cents on the Dollar.
How This Desirable Result Was
Brought About by Mr.. Morrison.

Boston, May IA special from Peter
boro, \. H., says "In the face of the
not too encouraging outlook of several, if
not many, of the savings banks in this
state, which have suspended business
under injunction, the condition of the
Peterboro Bank is more than satisfac-
tory and such rs TO reasonably warrant
the prediction that it will be one of the
conspicuous few 20 resume business.
"Since the injunction was issued about
Is months ago, the banks treasurer, Mr..
NJ. l.. Morrison, has visited localities
where loan had been placed, has per
sonally inspected every item on the books
and detailed description of the condition
of every piece of real estate upon which
the bank has n lien Thesesvarious values
have been adjusted and scaled TO present
conditions.
1.-THE amount due the depositors is
S177, 2G0. The market value of the assets
according to the recent report To the saw
ing bank commissioners Is but Sli, 600
short of this. and the book value is es-
timated at SlG 600 more. Tho bank could
unquestionably pay satisfactory diVi-
dend to depositors now but as the show
ing is so goou it.has been the advice Of
directing parties and the commissioners
not To sacrifice mortgages or collateral.
A little time, il isl thought will enable
the bank to liquidate at 100 cents on the
dnilnr -
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17
Drunk for twenty Years.

A correspondent writes: II was drunk on
and of for over twenty years, drunk whom |
had money, sober when had none. Many
dear fdends lost and numbers gave me good
advice to no purpose; but thank God an angel
hand oamo Mt last in the form Of my poor
wife who administered ycur marvellous REM
edv 'Anu-Jag' to me without my knowledge
or consent. / am now saved and completely
transformed from n worthless fellow TO so.
Ter and respected citizen"
II "Anti.Jag" cannot I've had NJ your drug.
gist II will be mailed in plain wrapper with
full directions how TO eivc secretly ou receipt
IL one Dollar hy the Rcn0,a Chemical Co. 90
Broadway. New York, Ur thoy MAJ gladly
mail full particulars free.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17

his own place In Montpelier. Va. Mon
roe in the Second avenue cemetery, New
York city; John Quincy Adams was
placed In the vault which he built for his
parents; Jackson's grave Is at hermitage
on the Cumberland river, "A few miles
from Nashville, Tenn. Van Buren, was
laid 10 rest In the Reformed church ceme-
terry at kinderbrook, n. "; William
Henry Harrison was buried at Washing
ton I'm the Congressional bnrying
ground, but few months afterward his
remains were taken 20 North Bond. o.;
Tyler rests in Hollywood cemetery Rich
mond, Va. James Knox Polk is buried
at the corner of Vine and Union streets
Nashville, Tenn. Taylor was first buried
in the Congressional cemetery at Washing
ton, but the body was afterward removed
20 the Taylor cemetery near Louisville,
Ky. Fillmore's body lies in Forest Lawn
cemetery, "A few miles north Of Buffalo, n.
Y; Piorce's in Concord. N H.; Blu
chanan's IN Lancaster Pa. Lincoln's in
Oak Ridge cemetery. Springfield, Ill.
.Iohnson's in Greenvillc, Tenn. Grants
in the splendid mausoleum beside the
Hudson dedicated the other day; Gar
field is buried in Lake View cemetery.
Cleveland, o., and Arthur in the Rural
cemetery at Albany, n. Y.
The solidity with which Solomon laid
the foundations of his temple more than
lOuO years before the Christian era, may
be- judged from the fact that, although the
city has changed hands fifteen or sixteen
times since then, the foundations still re.
main in place. After tho destruction OF
the city by Titus, an attempt was made
to obliterate all trace OF Jewish rule In
the language of the Roman historians,
- The plowshare was passed over II. y
When the CITY was taken by Bar-Choche-
bas, in 1872 A. d., still further destruc
tion was wrought among the fow build
ings that had escaped the crowbars of |
the Jewish slaves employed by Titus 10 |
level the walls ana temple buildings. In |
A. ID. 1876, when the troops of Seyerus |
stormed tho temple heights and! exter |
the band of Bar Chochebas, efforts |
were again made 10 obliterate the temple, |
and sieges by the Persians, by the Turks |
and by tho crusaders tended 10 still |
further blot out the remains of the Jewish |
structure. The temple constructed by |
Solomon was destroyed by NebuchadneZZar
In 5S7 Ii. &. The temple constructed by |
Nehemiah, on the ruins of Solomon's |
temple, lasted with various changes until |
the reign OF Herod the Great who rebuilt |
the whole temple from the foundation up,
and it was this temple that WAS destroyed |
by Titus. Recent excavations ut Jerusa-
lem have shown, however, that all subse-
quent structures, including the temple
Of Jupiter, erected by Hadrian. and the
Mosque OF Omar, were all built on the
laid by Solomon.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17

transferred, and the folio of the day book
from which it has been taken is placed
opposite to the ledger entry.
When goods are sold on credit tho
transaction should be recorded first in the
day book. The name of the purchaser is
written at the left-hand side of the page,
the word debtor being placed opposite, as
in example. Each article sold will then
be enumerated in the entry SO as to ex-
actly correspond with tho bill or invoice
given.
The second entry on the day book page
is the record of u purchase made by the
firm, and represents merchandise coming
into the warehouse In such eases tho
word creditor takes the place Of debtor at
the right hand side of the page. The firm
paid ten dollars on account, however,
which is very properly recorded below the
transaction and carried with IL To the
ledger, so that clear statement appears
on the books of the amount due John ;.
Way We have in the next day book entry
an item which, although readily under
stood i'm rural sections may not be SO
COMPREHENSIVE TO city people.
In many localities there Is a very limited
volume of currency used. The townspeople
trade and intertrade, and there are usu-
ally one or two rich persons or concerns
handling most of the ready cash currency
In the community. The merchant is most
likely to be one of these.
III. ;. Mari, having had some transac-
tions with >. Renn involving the pay
ment of S25, and not having the cash, gives
him an order on the firm with which he
has credit. The money is paid for him
Co :. Rem, and the amount placed To
Marr's debit on the books.
On the following day II. s MARI in
order To give the transaction q more bust
ness like appearance, hands in his note to
the firm for the So which had been adj
vanoed on his behalf.
The other two samples given are simply
repetitions of previous ones, and require no
special explanation. Every entry In the
day book should be posted into the ledger,
and this work should be- done daily. so as
TO facilitate u reference to the accounts.
ITO be Continued
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17
Temperance Work in England.

Boston, May H. 7-Advices from Agnes
Slack, secretary Worlds Woman's Chris
tian Temperance Union, state that in
England the railroad companies are pro-
noting temperance organizations among
their worKmcn. The British Woman's
temperance Association council meetings
will open with u reception given 10y Lady
Horny Somerset to the delegates in St.
Matthews Town Hall, London May 81.
A feature will lie the presence Of the
American, Madagascar and Australian
delegates, Of f.whom Queensland alone has
five.
Lady Somerset Is not well, but she
horcs to give her full time 10 the meet
ings as usual.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17
SERIES NO. 3.
WRITTEN BY
w. FITZGERALD SMITH,
Profess ional Accountant and Auditor.
confronted. 1897, BIT JASON RooERs.)
LESSON No. /.
SERIES NO. 3.
LESSON No. /.
. SINGLE ENTRY.

The study of bookkeeping today If en-
tered upon with determination to mas
ter all its details, is one of the most COM
plicated that can be taken up. This Is not
said to dishearten the student for IL Is
very seldom necessary to master all the
details at first ana nothing can well be
easier or more simple than 10 become pro-
ficient in the science of elementary book
keeping
The enormous developments of COM
merce, the growth OF syndlcates and the
extension Of all kinds of business transac-
tions have rendered the keeping of books
in modern times work of colossal inn
portance Where the business handled by
the concern has become of multifarious
and intricate nature an army OF book
keepers and accountants has to be en-
ployed, and special systems of keeping the
books devised.
In the course of this series it Is proposed
to show as comprehensiyely as possible
how books are kept for various kinds of
business, and To so explain the details of
carrying out the system that n person will
be able to undertake the keeping of any
set of books after carefully studying the
contents of these papers.
The simplest of all the forms is known
as single entry bookkeeping. which is still
considerably in vogue in this country,
and is adaptable for simple forms OF busi-
ness.
The question is, What is single entry
bookkeeping? When transactions are
recorded so as to show but one of the two
aspects of the exchange; that is, when
ever debts are entered in the ledger with
out their corresponding credits, or credits
without their corresponding debts this Is
single entry bookkeeping.
One would hardly think that any good
business man would keep his books by SO
imperfect method, but there are large
numbers Of very smart men who have
worry large businesses who, for want of
knowing better, keep their books by
"single entry and have never, at any
time, had the satisfaction of proving their
books were right. and yet say: "My
books are right to n cent.
But keeping of books is not bookkeep-
ing and those methods which do not
show complete record have no right to
the name.
Single entry bookkeeping is only a
memorandum of financial records. Some
writers on bookkeeping have seriously
asserted that single entry is more suited
To the operations of retail business and
this theory shall not be entirely ignored
10y us.
We have given many examples and
much information in the business"
series that will very much assist the re-
taller and small storckeepcr.
There are generally but two books kept
in single entry, viz, day book or
journal, and ledger. Quite frequently
cash book is added, and in many cases
IL is found necessary to have one or more
of what are known as subsidiary books
for Keeping special records of certain mat
ters.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17
rHE DAY BOOK OR JOURNAL

is used to record all transactions as they
occur i'm the course Of business, IL being n
detailed account of sales, and payments or
anything bearing upon the financial in-
terests Of the firm.
The ledger is book into which all the
entries uf the day book arc carried in "A con-
denses form. This transference is called
posting the accounts The ledger Is
alphabetically indexed to facilitate refer
ence TO accounts, and each page is num-
bered, as in the case of the day book.
When the posting is done the ledger folio
is placed opposite the entry in the
day book, which has been
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17
Awful Experience with Heart Dis

ease THAT DIR. Agnew's Cure for the
Heart works like magic, and cures is
proven by the testimony of Mr.. j.. y.
law. Toronto, Can. II was so sorely
troubled with heart disease that l was
unable FOR - months co lie down in bed
lest I smother. After taking one dose Of
Dr. Agnew's Heart Cure, j retired and
slept soundly. I used one bottle and the
trouble has not returned. sold by i. j..
Lothrop, ~ Westminster; Handing n
Handing ~ and 5S Weybosset; George
Il. Clafin n CO., g. to ~ 80. Main street |;
Hall Il Lyon.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17
CHOKED THE WOMAN.
George G.. Davis Arrested at New York For
Assault Upon Mrs. Jane Dempsey.


New York, May IA man who claims
90 be George c. Davis. 80 years old, Of y
School street. South Boston. and says
he is a Boston constable. was locked up
in a police station here yesterday after
noon after he had tried TO choke a
woman. who said she belonged TO a
wealthy Boston family.
Late in the afternoon a large crowd
collected in fypnt OF the Lexington hotel,
and when a policeman hurried up he
found Davis. slightly intoxicated. held
by several men. while a woman about 30
years old. handsomely dressed. stood by
crying. The woman told the policeman
that Davis had tried to kill her.
Both were taken TO the station house,
where the woman at first declined 10 give
her name. saying that she did not wish
20 for family reasons. When told that
she was liable to arrest she said that she
was Mrs. Jane Dempsey OF $50 East Fifth
street, South Boston. she said that she
and Davis came 10 this city together a
week ago and had engaged rooms at an
uptown hotel. There. the woman said.
Davis had got intoxicated and was put
out. They went TO the Lexington hotel
There Davis got intoxicated again. and
tried 10 choke her. She ran out OF the
hotei. and the man was following her
when he was caught by several men in
the street. Davis denied that he had
tried 10 injure the woman In any way.
lie produced a constable's badge and de-
manded 90 be released. AS there were
no witnesses In the station house Go the
assault. Davis was locked up on a charge
OF disorderly conduct. but the woman
WAS not held
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17
Settling a Banks Affairs.

ST. Louis, Mo-, May IL. Receiver Will
liam j. stone of the dcfunct Mullnnphy
savings, Bank reports that rapid progress
is being made I'm winding mp the affairs
of the bank and that "a settlement will be
reached much sooner than expected. To-
day he will ask the circuit court for an
order 20 make partial settlement Of the
banks affairs He says that he will be
able 60 pay out between. .Sl15, 600 and 500, .
coo within the next few days, If the court
grants the order
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-17
Sunday Down the River.

II was triGe chilly for "down the
river" trade yesterday, but the fact was
demonstrated that many people Will go 60
Fields Point and get one of Col Atwell's 5
dinners at any time and in any sort of
weather The colonel had more callers
yesterday than he looked for, but none
came away disappointed. There was "a
fair-sized gathering at Crescent Park,
where Manager Boyden saw TO IL that all
obtained good dinner and otherwise en-
loved themselves.