davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-27
IN THE CYCLING WORLD.
WORK OF THE L. A. W. IN NEw-JERsEY.

xpw-roRx.s crcLs SHOW 10 suRPAss cHrcAGo's
THE CENTURY WI uDlMENs BAIL.-wHEEr.-
mo INSTRUCTION FOR woMEN-A
QUESTION FOR Mr.. ELLIOTT.
An organization like the League OF American
Wheelmen 10 one that every person. whether ne oe
\ cyclist or a uscr Of the public highway. should
bin. The work of tho League Is for the oeneh' OF
ne man who rides In carriage. on bicycle o'
who propes pushcart They want gooa rosus
and fair Treatment, to the traveller The NEWER
sey division OF the League this year is omes,n ,,
great Inducements to to se, ns , ars and single
Sicycies. Cameras. the best road book ever pub
iished giving routes that extend into S ,srs
and Pennsylvania. gold membership pins amu sn my
better protection to the traveller Is necessary
to have laws that will protect ssd get them
= ,"ssi BY tel the si sS
ixture.
Final preparations for the big Industrial exhi-
hilton OF bicycles and accessories will be compe'eo
in the Grand Central Palace By Thursday OF next
week. although the show will not be opened until
the evening OF February 6. Manufacturers now
ever will be privileged TO move In their exhioi's
before that time and arrange them for the open
fng night. Secretary Franks OF the Na'onai '!ee
Board of Trade under whose auspices the ehh''
baton will be given returned from chicago 'o-uas'
He tina, the Chicago show is gfsa Estsrn
show will excel Western exhibition by iuiIy 100
spaces Every convenience poss'ST E@s hopes
m make this one OF the best-conducted shows IN
the history of the trade The prspadaon scain
and II is likely that In appearance as W., d" ,rha
size the show will be an unaua,hed suc ,, h onen
Afternoon and evening to the public and IN the
morning hours TO tradesmen me later Will NC
admitted free on showing business caros
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-27
PIANOS AND ORGANS.

BARGAINS. Special. new. slightly nseu
pianos, $50 upward: instruments ,eh'ea'
exchanged. CHRISTIAN. So East l5tn-st.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-27
HELP WANTED.
Female.

fema1e.
LADIES WANTED with refined taste who
would Ike 20 employ their leisure hours
quietly and prof;tab.y ut home. no expcri-
encc needed: only those having good homes
and other means Of support need apply. IL
West f2d-st.. Room ~.
WANTED.--A competent girl 70 cook. wfsh
and iron In private family: must have good
city references. Gail after O'Clock.
Wednesday, at IS West 49th-st
WANTED.--A young lady for addressing
envelopes: neat, plain writer. Address
HARDw ARE, Box -, Tribune Once.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-27

Willy grocers sometimes work IN cheap I'M
itations Of Postum Cereal FOOD Conee IL inc
customer will stand II.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
UNION PAClFIC.


.NsW GfN. OCT. 2l.-Ihe Union Pa
clic r@nrSaniZatinn committee to-day
mGuc ttc following announcement: Th.
Aiiorncy General has notified this com
mitt"e that II" proposes to ask the
cnurt Tor an adjournment OF The fore
closure sales OF ih9 kansas Pacific ana
lhl"h fd"ilir railway property 10 De-
"emb"T l3ih. 50 aS to postpone final dis
position until after Congress shall have
mel. IhiS action is ~ doubt taken to
itSc Inc administration from cWhar-
rh&sineht
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
CORES ISLAND DESERTED.

Cape Charles, Va, Oct. 2J.--!A severe
wind and rain storm has been raging
here since yesterday. The tide this
morning ran several inches higher than
II was ever known ITO reach before. The
keeper Of CJbD'S Island Life saving
Station arrived here this afternoon and
reported the island entirely submerged
and deserted. The station, which was
raised last Writer and placed upon pill
ing, was washed off It's foundation and
the kitchen and part Of the main build
ing was swept away by Il heavy sea
The life-saving crew made their escape
in The life boat and reached the main
land safely after a hard struggle. Com
munication is cut off from the Islands
along the coast, which was conuccted
by telephone from this place, and It is
feared considerable damage has been
done.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
FIGHTING NEAR HAVANA.
Body Of an Irsrrgcnt General Exhibited
IN tho NorGNc

Havana. oct. 2a.Tt is announced
from The Spanish headquarters to-day
that Major Manuel Tapiu Ruano, of the
artillery. with q guerrilla force, has
he"n ENGAGED on the outskirts OF the
Hanara lines, between LcChorrora and
linuaGua with an insurgcnt force,
which he dispersed killing four of the
enemy. Among the dead the official
report adds. was General Adolf Castillo
III" insurGert leader. Ills body will be
brcuah; TO Havana
an nijcia! dispatch from Sanc,i Splr-
Illus. province nt Santa Clara announ-
ccs The surrender there Ia the Spanish
authorities of Lieutenant Colonel To-
mas Nelasqucz, Of the nsurgcnt army.
and his honorary aide de camp.
Ih" body OF General Adolf Castillo
the inSurGent leader. who was killed in
;hc engagement with Spanish guerilla
forces under Major Manuel Tapia
iiuano nf the artillery. between I.c-
Chorrorn ana Mangua, arrived here nt
. O'Clock TINS afternoon. Large crowds
have visited the morgue to look at the
remains.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
MOST SEVERE IN YEARS.

AtIaRtic City. N. j., Oct. 25.--The
northeast storms prevailing Is the most
severe in many years. In point of high
tides 1t has. not been equllled, 1t Is
stated, since 1874 The damage done
thus far docs not equal that OF the storm
of 1889, but II It does not abata soon 1t
promises TO exceed 1t. The principal
damage accomplished has been by the
wind. 1t blew over at least three houses
In course of construction and q row of
two more is threatened tonight. At
the Inlet a section of Achelman's wharf
was carried away by the breakers
pounding against it, as was also one
end OF John Meher's Inlet pavilion.
Bolton Parsons house, on Gramercy
Place. nearly completed, was blown
over. while two brick houses owned by
the Moore Bros. Were laid low.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
GALE ON THE JERSEY COAST.
Many Vessels Stranded and Railroad
Tracks Under Water

Many Vessels Stranded and Railroad
Tracks Under Water.
Cape May, n. j., Oct. 25.-Oue OF the
fierccst northeast gales Of years has
swept the lower Jersey coast and up
Delaware Bay for the past twcnty-four
hours. Many vcsSrls have been stranded
and there Is an uncCailrmed report that
IL ship went down of shore this morn
ing. ~ fleet Is riding ut anchor within
the harbor unable 10 proceed either
way, and the meadows are SO Inundated
that railroad travel to the coast resorts
is practically suspended. The tide here
is abating somewhat gu-rlight, hut the
wind Is maintaining II velocity of thirty
miles. Portions OF the board walk have
been swept away. as well as cottage
pnrchcS and fences, and the damage Is
estimated Mt thousands OF dollars.
From Millrille comes the report that
the big tides in the Maurice river have
Hooded all over the oyster houses anu
several have been blown down The
Occnn City. Sea Isle ana Maurice River
branches of the West Jersey railroad
are submerged Nearly II mile of the
Reading tracks have been washed away
near Egg llarbor City. und the mail
coach between that place and Tuckcrton
was held up to-day by Hooded roads.
Much damage has been done In the
vicinity Of Lcwcs. Del. The schGoncrs
Little Falkcnburs. S@ran |. Vaughan. II.
w. Laws and Annie L. Conder went
ashore on the beach there last night.
Tho crews We're safely landed.
Tho schooner lGmma NJ. Cottingham,
from Fail River for Philadelphia. Is
ashore near Delaware City. She lies
on a stone pile well UP the beach.
Tho schooner Elizabeth Lee. Philadel-
rhia for Gloucester, Mass, broke from
the tugs which held nor to-day, and
drittcd on the point Of Cape Henlopcn
She IL In II lsadl poSitlccl and may go to
pieces at any moment, because or her
cargo OF coal. The crow was taken
aboard the tugs. y number of drctlges
ana harScS are also ashore.
at Bowers Reach, Delaware, William
Spencer AMI his wife arc in The second
story of their cottage which is sur
rounded by wafer. and help cannot reach
them. Many animals have BEEN drowned
there.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
ON TIE EASTERN SHORE.
Worst at Ocean City That the Oldest
Remember.

Worst at Ocean City That the Oldest
ItGmembcr.
Ocean City, Md. Oct 25.-Thc storm
of tho last two days WAS the worst in
the memory OF the oldest Inhabitants
The wind attained the proportions of
q hurricane, and the surf ran four feet
deep across the beach into SincpuNent
Bay. The board walk south from Trim
pcr's hotel is entirely washed away for
some distance, and north from the same
point is wrecked in places The large
porchcs of Congress Hall. Trimpers, s,
the Eastern Sh'.i'e hotei, Cooper's paVil-
lion, Atlantic hote: and Meyer cottage
are completely n:acked The immense
fish pound of 5::o Ocean City Fishing
company waS carried out To sea- The
Cambridge 'nOul was nearly wrecked 4
large two-masted schoCGicr was sunk in
the Bay after being driven against the
lrawbridgc. The damage will reach
thousands of dollars
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
GRIM DEATHS HARVEST
Yellow Jacks Victims More Numerous
Than on Any Previous Day.
QUARANTINE ENTIRELY IREFFECTUll
Inmates nr e:HHrdcd Houses EScnpc
Through Kcar Exits and Carry
Infect iion-1Ei.h Case ia CINCINNATI
Nothing for Atlanta 10 He Afraid
Gr-Fevcr Cannot spread.
New Orleans, La, October 25, 1887.


Numerically this has been the worst
day yet of the fever situation here. As
early rs o'clock this evening the scGre
of the Board Of Hgalth showed n tOJal
of hfty-tWo new cases and there had
been deaths TO the number OF eleven
Heretofore the highest number Of deaths
IN single day has been nine. IEif0r-
tunatc1y there continues to be conceal
ment Of cases here; fatalities occur be-
cause medical attention Is not called in
ana the masses Tor the time being are
III Il revolutionary mood, because of the
enforcement OF the system of house
quarantine. ana are resoriing 10 every
means III their power to put obstacles
in the way Uf the constituted authOri-
ties. 1t is generally agreed here that
the house quarantine Is not accomplish
ing the results expected. When the
fever first broke out eiicieclt guards
were placed about buildings III the hope
that the foCi might be restricted, but
to-day there Is no quarter of III. city
that has not reported cases and tho
germs are ilcing spread. as has been
shown heretofore in theSe dispatches,
by the reason of the fact that inmates
Of Infected houses have been successful
!Dy means of rear exits IN Ciuiirlg he
vigilance Of the guards stationed in front
OF the promises by the authorities.
President Oliphnnt and other officers
Of the EOard or Health were very much
disappointed this evening At tho MORTAL
ity showing Of the days record hut they
were to be traced tn an :ndiSpusition nn
known THAT serious cases Of fever cX
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
TROUBLE FOR BLANCO.
Appalling Statement of the Condition of
Affairs in Cuba


Madrid. Oct. 25.-A dispatch lust re-
ceiNci here from Ilnvana has caused
considerable excitement In political cir
clcS 1t declares ihat the opponents Of
aut ton0nry are seeking to create diff
cultics for Marshal Blanca who sue
c"cds General Wcylcr as captain gene
raj Of Cuba, adding that the situation
in that island Is the same as IT was
sin months ago The dispatch further
says that the military operations Of
tie Snaniards are suspended, that the
trGUHs are solely, employed In guard
ing the railroads. and that it is es-
;imaied that 10000 soldiers are on the
Sick list. Finally, the dispatch ASSERTS,
that tho financial situation in Cuba
Is friGhifal. that commerce is paralyzc,l
and that the autonomist committee Is
not III accord with the members Of the
Gut0nClTIa; party.
1t is ruuored here that the Spanish
government has cah1cd 10 Gnral Wey-
'yr. Inc retiring captain general Of Cuba
in#l'uc'iHg him 10 2wait the arrival Of
his Su"CeSs"r, Marshal Binnco. before
cllbarkinS on his return To Spain.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
CASHIER GONE WRONG.

Atlanta. Ga. Oct. 2I,.-larry 4. Cas-
sin, cx-baui; cashier, is a fugitive from
Justice. ana not even his friends can
say where the cx-CishiSr Is. lie dll not
arpsar today when his case was called
In the Criminal Court Cassin was in
dictcd last spring Tor cmhe22limg $1 ,02G
cf tile funds OF the Georgia. Loan, Saw
in@G Banking company. Il corporation
Of which n pWaS the trusted cashier lie
guye bond in he SUM OF $4,000 which
was signed by Eankcr T. NJ. Cclkcr. OF
this city, wlio. /: IS said, was indemmined
against loss by the fathcr-in-law Of the
young banker.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
STORM MOVIES NoRrIrwARD.
Very Severe from Connecticut Coast to
Cape charles.

New York Oct. 25.--EIigh TIDES ana
high winds that drove the sea inland
have caused an immense amount OF
damage along the Jersey and Long Is
land coast during the pasr twcnty-four
hours. Mnny buildings erected on the
sand at The summer resorts were knock
cd 10 pieces ana carried out to sea,
and coast line railroads have suffered
much loss and delay by reason OF the
storm.
The highest tides IN years. SUPPLE
mcrtcd by wind which blew ut the ratio
of from 30 10 30 miles an hour pre-
vailed to-day, and when The high water
reaches it's maximum tomorrow even
greater damagc is expected unless the
gale nhnics. From down the Long Is
land coast the heaviest damage is re-
ported.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
ADMIRAL MATTHEW'S REPORT
Recommends Four Large Dry Docks of
The l.rEt 'ryIIc

Washington. oct. @6-Admiral Mat
th"wN. Chief Of the Bureau of Yards
and Docks in his annual report to Sec
rdry Long recommends the construc-
tion Of four new dry docks Of the best
tTpe. II" recommends that concrete
docks h" built at Boston, Norfolk ana
Marc island. ana that n steel noa ting
dock be- placed either ar Key West.
Tm @u"us or hlriaGs, Louisiana. He
says the dimensions OF the concrete
docks should he as follows:
Length oC floor coo feet; width of en-
t'Huce. ~ feat; depth over rili at mean
low water. 50 feet ana focr OF dock 10
he four feet below .silI. The estimates
for thr maintenance" "f the yards next
year agErr gate g. .i3i .3Oo.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
NO DANGEn At ATr,ANTA

Atlanta, Ca. Oct. :5--Dr hlexander.
rreSidGCit OF the Hoard nf iiyAlth. issues
the following bulletin tonight for 'thc
Associated Press:
'To satisfy inquiries which have been
male from many quarters to-day. wish
40 say OiiiciaiIy that there is but one
cas" of fever in Atlanta. thit 0i the re-
fuS"c Conner, from Muriromcry. which
IS improving. Absolutely 10 fear OF n
srrcad Is ie.t here. Fifty ysars cx-
rrrience rs n praciiCina physician have
Taught me there is no danger Of its
spreading.
II ArI.,s, i, ! TX. AN-l,I.r
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
JAMES i. AI.ENANnER
'PF2$idunt Gi the Board of Health"
ONE DEATH AT MONTGOMERY.

MontGomcry. Ma. oct. 25.-The Hoard
"f !i"al;h officially rcpa.;E four cases
tG-!@y Previously reported. ifty-six
There was one dCath to-day after ahe
official report was TIndc-Mrs j. J..
SuG@s.
The temperature was lew last night
and the frast was reported in the low
lands IN the surrounding country. With
moisture in the air frost could be- safely
cuuEted Oh to-Il!ght.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
pA7LWAY AUDITOR RESIGNS.

Washington, i. c., oct 25.-Gcorg" S.
Hobbs, auGfor of the Southern railway.
has resigned TO take effect at the end
of this month, - become general auditor
Gf The Maine Central railroad. He was
elected to this office at meeting of
tho Nacle Central directors Al Port
land on October 20ih lie has been
here three years. President Spencer has
not yrt Announced his successor.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
A CASE IN CINCINNATI,

CinciNnati. O.. Oct. "a well defined
but very mild ease Of yellow fever ar
rived in Cincinnati ,o-t2ay from Mobile.
Ala. i was that "f August Wilkic, who
was found in the h~uS" Of Mrs. Jane NJ
Alnrcland, on Champ!ain street. LiclrlVl,
which is in the eXtrumc western part Of
the city. Health Officer Withryw re-
moved the patient 10 the pest house.
which Is now rnCCcupich, ana cause d
Airs. Moreland's premises to he rum.gat-
ed and disinfcctrd. The fever In this
case is in q Nrry mild form.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
END OF 4 STRIKE.

Erock;on AiaGs., Oct. 25.-Thc sole
fas;onc'@ strike WAS declared at an end
to-day by secretary MsShcry, Of the
urion. The strikers were clearly beat
en- and there was a D!G stampede for po-
sHions at almost any price. The strikr
has lasted over iivo weeks, during
which time SEQ men have been out of
employmenE E.r- n
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
NoRFoLK vIRGINIAN: TUESDAY OCTOBER 20 1897.

lars. and OF preferred stock lifty-iivc
million dollars. No change in the plan
OF reorsanization Is involved in The fore
going.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
ONLY ONE PosTMASrE

Washington Oct. 25.-S. ]. T. Glenn
ents has been appointed postmaster at
Friends Mission. Va. :t{s; Il
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
PRICE T+W'g.O, o O d ll'I,s.a l.'5l B

United States. and without this approv-
ai It would hc contrary 10 the usage of
diplomacy for tine Madiid authorities
To make public ilri5 correspondence.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
A' JoKB By GEN. RonBRr iE IsI.iAs
Richmond. va, oct. :as5b.s isazS

After the war. says the Bal tinftsaS
Grace Episcopal church. n General Et5afs5@
dletcn was rector and General ss,fnt tsS
vestrywan. Smith was not on kgresaltaf af9
terms with Pendlet tons and comp
to the officers of the church at e. stas
cadets. among them his own .ss5flS
deserting the church OF & The eirs
from attending Dr. IL 1,
Presbyterian), Z, DIR. 4 I'rat q :;hadss
beautiful daughter Grace, and fEfS:
General Smith was push 81 asi 81 ssssi Ss$|
tions to tile rector. General itlf$S
% twinkle in his eye, sai Id to- ssSih
General. possibly tho ma aSnet SWli Iesf
tracts your son Is not 50 It,1 'tli
tors eloquence as the do octofsss
The point silenced taenerta satt
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26

Newest Discovery-Ext. Teeth; no
pain. N. Y. D. Rooms. Ennis, 162 Main,
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26

.ToRPEDo I nc Ans n IlIG GTISfa asSfs
Richmond 225S q
of four torpedo bpa tsss, Maitc Sf $500
the Iames river So tiitd slSy
anchored tn5 the aiSi
storm on lie coast ali ItSs sss sss,S}4
posed Sof the ,ori
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
EIGHT CASES AND ONE DEATH

Jackson. Miss. Oct. 25.-Thc state
l%ard cf iieal'a in its official statcnl,ut
Tonight chronicles ciETt new cases Of
Ncll0W feVer and one dcaih.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1897-10-26
LIST OF TIE KILI.ED.

Garrisons. y. y. Oct. @5-'rhc com
retc list Of the killed III the New Yor;,
Central and Hudson River railroad
wreck, list which the railroad officials
believe includes all Of those who could
possibly have h"eu lost. is as follows:
ENGINEER JOHN c. FOYt.I. of
East Albany. body stiil In the river.
FIREMAN JOHN G. TOMrKINS. Of
East Albany hodE still in the river
SAMUEL. WILLIAMS. DUTaio.
TiICMhS RiT,t'N. 81. Louis
W. II. c. MYERS fremont,
4. G.. M'kAN, Harlem, body still In
the river.
T.. y. GREEN. of Chicago.
WILLIAM SCHsNCKENBRECKER.
Newark. y. j.
GUIssEPrI T.AeUANAKE. New
York city.
Mrs. ROBERT LINDMAN, Utica.
Continued on Third Pngah
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-09-10


Less than a year ago Kansas voted for
Bryan on the ground that there was not
enough money and that it would be bet
Ter to have more money. even If it were
cheaper. Now there is so much money
In that state they do not know what TO
do with it. The vaults OF the banks are
crowded with dollars, each worth lcl
cents. and it cannot be loaned because
there is no demand for it. The state
bank examiner says the surplus in the
banks is greater than ever previously
known, while at the same time the cash
circulation among the people seems un-
diminished. Farmers are paying of
mortgages and are heaping up more
money in the already overcroNded banks
As these farmers are rcw moving an
enormous wheat crop and 100000 BUSH
NAS u NlN NSALs Ll4t LdllhtEs GtIllDL see
that money will be needed later. Last
year Kansas was a camp Of calamity
nowlers, and the cry went up that if
Bryan and his financial policy were de-
feated fresh calamities would be heaped
upon them. Bryan was defeated and so
was cheap money, and now Kansas is
reveling in wealth and every dollar is
worth l00 cents. Bryan is now forgotten.
Thcre is no demand for q cheaper dol
Lar. Providence and the republican party
has changed the calamity wall into re.
joicing This year Kansas will ne back
into the republican column. There is no
bleeding Kansas" this year.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-09-10

Mr.. Bryan's denunciations during last
years campaign. and since, OF the rail-
roads. and their bribery of people by
deadhead passes are shown to be insIn-
cere. In fact, Mr.. Bryan was simply
posing to deceive the people. How much
travelling he has done on free passes can
not be told. but he has been caught dead
to rights in a recent instance lie rode
over Southern Pacific from Sacramento
to Portland recently on pass asserted
to have been issued because OF Bryan's
alleged connection with an Omaha news
paper. The newspaper declares that Mr..
Bryan has had no connection with it for
the past year. Mr.. Bryan has preserved
profound silence toward the public
over this occurrence. Probably he shares
the opinion, once attributed to a dead
and gone Vanderbilt, says the Toledo
Blade: The public be d-d." However
II does not matter much. Mr.. Bryan,
as a political quantity. is as dead rs a
last years birds nest, and the event
will only hasten the time when he must
drop into the native obscurity from which
his Chicago convention speech raised MIN
temporarily.