davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17
GATHERING RUBBER.

How the Natives of the French Cong.
The natives of the French Congo
"cut rubber in March and April. The
rubber of Congo is not a tree, but a
vine, often three or four inches in di-
ameter, and is found in the JUNGLE
says an exchange. Natives who scorn
to be industrious at all other times Of
the year work hard during the season
of rubber gathering. Before the cut
tiers start out the whole village in
which they live INDUCES in a tremen-
dous debauch, after which the men
strike out boldly into the jungle, we'll
laden with food, for there are few
edibles in the rubber districts. The
vines climb up the trees, and as only
the upper and smaller portions of the
vine produce desirable sap the men
have to climb to the height of the first
branches, often as much as fifty feet,
to do their work. After the pieces are
thrown to the ground they are cut
again into lengths of three or four feet
and are then held over pots so that
the juice will run out. When a pot
is nearly full the juice is boiled down
for several hours, during which time
it is mixed with juices of several other
vines, which renders the mixture
sticky and more easily formed into
balls. When it is cooled sufficiently
to be handled it is shaped by winding
it first around stick. After while
the stick is pulled out and the ball
rewound. In some cases these balls
weigh three or four pounds; in some
others it takes five or six to make one
pound. T..
The best and purest rubber is OBJ.
tanned in the shape of bracelets. which
are made by the natives catching thu
juice as it runs out around the wrists
where it is allowed to dry. When per
fectly set it comes off easily anl
would be transparent if the negroes
arms and hands were not dirty. '.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17
IN THE CLOUDS ON THE SAINTS.

III M1stl, one of the Andes, whose
height is 1920 feet, or 1880 feet high
er than Pixies Peak.
Inc pest known of all our own OBJ
servatories is that on Mount Hamilton,
in California, which bears the name of
the man through whose generosity it
was bullt-Mr. James Lick. 1t was
erected under the direction of trustees
appointed by Mr.. Lick and according
to the plans prepared by Prof. Holden
and Prof. Newton. This observatory,
While not so notable in point of height
above the level of the sea, 4,2O9 feet.
has attracted wide attention because of
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17
LATE FASHION NOTES.

A popular ribbon for summer gowns
is a MORE antique ribbon with satin
hacks in the widths known as so and
81.
Pinkish violet sunshades are going
to be very popular, as they cast most
becoming tint on the owners complex
ion. 49, .--.. .-....E.s '-- %.
Louisine is without doubt the fore
most summer silk. It trims up beau
t1fully with mousseline, MORE ribbon,
and Valenciennes lace. ..- ~.
Pave, or pavement gray, is the very
newest of the new tints of this popu-
lar color. It is not as becoming as it is
fashionable, for there is neither hint
of rose. cream, nor fawn in the shade.
The craze for violet, mauve and all
the shades Of purple has extended to
the corsets and yards of violet silk
made up in this important article of
dress.
Broad effects across the shoulders
and small waist are the two things
considered very desirable in a gown,
but the prevailing style this season
seems to be a slightly pinched front
cut like pinafore to show an under
bodice of lace or chiffon.
Notwithstanding the expense of the
materials and trimmings in vogue, the
clever woman Of moderate means (and
she is always with us) can, by the aid
of few smart, detachable accessories
and the use Of few nobby blouses and
shirt waists, look as cool and attrac-
tive throughout the summer as she Of
wider resources. and, perhaps, less
taste.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17
twinkling of stars is the result O

twinkling of stars is the result of
curvature Of atmospheric strata caused
by air currents. When these air cur
rents do not act, then the atmosphere
is steady and correct observation is
rendered easy. 7 go
All these things being realized by
the astronomers, they acted upon them
just as the tradition of an undiscov-
cred country affects the explorer. The
results as told by Professor Holden
seem marvellous. Observatories on
high mountains must either be aband-
oned altogether during the winter sea-
son, or, if occupied, the observer must
be subjected to extremely trying con-
ditions and to some danger from ter
rife storms of wind, snow, hail, from
lightning, etc. The discomfort and
monotony of such life subjected to very
low temperatures and surrounded by
clouds and snow for long periods will
unfit any ordinary individual for max
ing the best use of the few clear days
which an Alpine winter presents.
Telephone and telegraph lines cannot
be maintained in working order under
such conditions without taking ex-
traordinary precautions, and there
must be days and weeks together
when travel between the summit and
the valley is shut off.
The highest meteorological observa-
tory in the world has been located by
the Harvard college observatory expe-
dition on the mountain peak known as
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17

wonderful facts above the clouds
Professor Holders object in inditing
this work is to outline the conditions
suitable for astronomical labor at high
levels. It tells of the work of the Har-
ward college expedition on Ell Mlstl,
that stands 1920 feet above the seas
level. It describes the meteorological
station on the Sonnblick which is
9,S43 feet above old ocean. 1t tells us
Of the hairbreadth escapes and con-
slant danger that fall to the lot OF
those who take observations on Mont
Blanc. The results of Dr.. Muller's
labors on the Saints is revealed and
the story is told of what transpires on
the summit of famous Mount Hamil-
ton. In word, it is a resume of the
efforts Of scientists on mountain peaks
from the time of Professor Piazzi-
Smyth at the peak of Teneriffe in 1856
to the latest achievements in far-away
India.
The modern mountain astronomical
observatory is the legitimate descend
ant, Professor Holden says, of Galileo's
tower of Arcetri. The inhabitants of
the earth know the external universe
directly only through the sense of
sight, and our terrestrial views of the
planets and stars are much modified
by the action of our own atmosphere
upon the rays of their light which
reach our eyes. We'are, as it were,
immersed in an ocean of air, and one
of the first problems of astronomical
physics is to determine the effects of
this everything ocean upon the light
from external bodies which penetrates
it's depth. Light moves in straight
lines in empty space, but light enter
| ing our atmosphere is refracted from
| its course so that the ray which en-
tiers our eye from star no longer
travels in it's primitive direction.
| The necessity for mountain obscrv-
| atories arises from the fact that in Or
der to secure correct observation of
the heavenly bodies it is necessary that
the telescope be as far as possible from
what is known as the dust shell of the
earth, and in an atmosphere which is
steady. BY steady atmosphere is
meant that where the air is not con-
stantly in motion. The air is in strata
| just as in the earth. When one is above
the strata that are more generally af-
1 fected by the air currents, it will be
noticed that the stars twinkle far less
than under other conditions. Now, the
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17
Our School Books.

The great fuss made by the G. A.
R. over school histories will accomplish
much good if sectional bitterness is
avoided. AS the matter stands now,
the publishers are entirely to blame.
There are firms in the school-book pub
fishing business who employ a man in
each state to write the history of that
state, and he is expected to glorify
things within it's borders. He is gen
orally partisan. Whatever of preju-
dice he may have against national in
situations is eliminated, but a great
deal of unhistoric exparteism is jam
med through the completed work.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17

1870 feet from the surface of the
ocean. The story of this observatory,
of the dangers of those who have util-
lied it, are succeeding chapters in the
tragedy of human existence such as SCI
ence cannot elsewhere produce. This
observatory was erected by M. JAMS
sen, upon compressed snow, because NO
rock foundations were available. It is
provided with jack screws, in order
that it may be leveled if necessary.
The base of the structure is 10 by s
meters, and the snow always covers
the lower story. It was the intention
to have the upper story in free air, and
during observation telescope is
mounted in an aluminium dome above
the upper story. The construction is
very solid and strong, with double
walls and floors, and no pains have
been spared to make it safe and rigid.
AS an Indication of the character of the
foundation of the observatory tunnels
were run thirty-six feet below the sur
face without meeting rock. The tenn
perature in these tunnels is at all times
three degrees above zero.
The cost of building on these heights
is very great. The building erected by
M. Jansen caused an expense of $780,
600. Ordinary laborers are paid twen-
ty francs day. The price for trans
porting material to the summit was
twentythree cents a pound. The or
| binary load for a porter in such cases
| was twenty-six pounds. The minimum
| temperature on the summit of Mont
Blanc is forty-three degrees below zero.
! The top of the mountain is, in fact, a
glacier
On the Sonnblick observatory there
is eight times as much snowfall as rain
| fall. The twinkling of the stars is
regularly observed at this point, and,
strangely enough,is considerably great
er than at the lower station. The
movements of the barometer, the wind
pressures and velocities, the relative
humidity, the formation and move
ments of clouds, the amount of atmos-
pheric electricity and all meteorological
phenomena are daily observed. There
are at this observatory on the average
$50 days each year when the mercury
stands at zero or below.
The observatory of the Saints is one
of the least expensive, considering. it's
Importance, of any that exists, for the
total expense of maintaining it is 81 200
a year. Its original cost was $4,000.
In all of the observations taken the
steadiness of the air. as we'll as it's
transparency, are notable. The star
images are entirely free from twink
ling. Each star, viewed from the
observatory, shows a magnitude one
tenth brighter than that observed at
a point on level with the sea.
The highest German meteorological
station or observatory is the Wondel-
stein, on the northern slopes of the
Alps, near Munich. It's altitude is 1887
meters The most famous station in
5 France is Puy-de-Dome, 1,400 meters
) above the level of the sea. 1t was
3 here that Pascal caused his barometrit
/ experiment to be tried in 1648. The
highest French station is the Pic-du.
Midi, 2,877 meters high. The Ben Ne
, Wis observatory, 1858 feet above the
f seas level, located on one of the high
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17

est mountains of Scotland, is devoted
purely to meteorological observation,
because of the rarity of sunshine there.
For instance, in December, 1893, the
sun shone for but single hour and
that was all the time it was seen dur
ing the entire year.
The newest observatory, and one Of
which astronomers hope much, has:
just been erected in the Palani Hills, in,
India, at a height of 1900 feet. It is
known as the Kodiakanal Solar Phys,
les observatory. There are over 1000,
hours of sunshine at this point yearly.
and the experiments thus far conduct
ed show that the atmosphere is steady
as well as clear. The climate Of the
location is utterly different from any,
thing with which Europeans or Amer
leans are familiar.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17

world. Few works Of fiction are more
interesting than this plain recital of
facts. It is a story of hardship, star
walton and deadly peril that have be-
fallen men who have labored on and
on in the interests Of science. 1t
shows that much of the information
Concerning the heavenly. bodies of
which we read is gained under circum-
stances and at heights which would
fill us with awe if we only knew the
real truth. It tells how scientists find
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17

its equipment, for here is located the
largest telescope in the world, excepting
the great Yerkes telescope, placed in
position not long ago at a point on the
shore of Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. Prof.
Holden, by the way, thinks that unless
the conditions at Lake Geneva are dis
tinctly better than those of the region
near by, it's selection for the site of the
largest of telescopes may prove to have
been an error of Judgment.
No observatory exists around which
more interest clusters than that of
Mont Blanc, which rears it's snowy head
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17
Duchess and Queen.

Our little Duchess of Marlborough
has been a guest of the queen. Good.
The dispatches from London say:
Eighteen months ago Consuelo Van
derbilt was a plain American. girl
Not SO! She never was "plain." Con-
suelo was distinguee at the age of 10,
and, as Miss Vanderbilt, was regarded
as a queenly young woman. And why
should she not dine with the queen3
Where is the wonder?
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17
Not a Welcome Tonic.

She-It was just three years ago to-
night that you proposed. He-Now,
what did you want to bring that up
for on the only night of the week that
I have away from business: Indian
apolis Journal.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17
Never Fun.

eyes, sir" said the sallow man,
proudly, Il can truthfully say was
never intoxicated in my life
well, sub, !" remarked Col. Kahn
tuck, after a pause, that strikes me as
a very empty honor. Cleveland
Plain Dealer.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17
why Two Ears Are Necessary.

Sound travels by waves radiating
from a central point of disturbance,
just as waves radiate when a stone
is dropped into still water.
So far as the hearing of each individ-
ual is concerned, these waves move in
a direct line from the cause of the
sound to his ear, the impact being the.
greatest in the ear nearest to the,
source.
This being the case, a person who.
has totally lost the sense Of hearing
/ in one ear, although he may imagine,
that the defect is Of little consequence,
cannot locate the direction Of a sound
to save his life, even when the center
OF disturbance is quite near him. An
swers.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17
ABOVE THE CLOUDS.
HOW KNOWLEDGE OF HEAVEN
LY BODIES is CLEANED.
The Mountain Observatories-The Top
most Point Is the Misti, Which Is 19,
Hamilton.

ONWARD S. HOL-
den, the astronom-
ical expert and di-
rector of Lick OBJ
servatory, has just
issued through the
Smithsonian insti-
tute the first book
ever written giving
an accurate idea Of
the mountain OBJ
SeryatOrieS of the
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17
CLOTHES OF THUGS.
QUEER FAD OF A WEALTHY
LONDON CLUBMAN.
Is Middle-aged and Not Eccentric-On
Each Murders Anniversary He Dons
Clothes and Visits the Scene OF
Tragedy.

ONDON possesses
a Jack the Rip
per" of whom it is
proud. This man is
Mr.. Howard Denver
Of We y m o u t h
street, member of
the prominent Lon
don clubs and of an
excellent family.
He is wealthy, be-
longs to the leisure
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1897-06-17

The toughest beefsteak in New York
Is found in the tenderloin distrtc4
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-06-10

Nashville, Tenn, June 6.-The big
Eest gathering of confederate veterans
since the closing of the war will be
seen in this city on the 22d of the
month, when the annual reunion of
the United Confederate Veterans as
ISOLATION takes place. 1t Is believed
that at least 10000 Of the old soldiers
viii! be on hand for the double pleasure
of meeting again, and viewing the
wonders of the Tennessee centennial
exposition, now in progress.
During the post year the growth of
the association has been marked, and
it now includes more than 900 camps,
while $50 newly formed camps are
awaiting admission.
The reunion will last three days, be-
ginning Tuesday, June %. One Of the
important matters to be considered
Is the location Of the proposed battle
abbey, for the preservation of southern
relics of historical interest of the war.
Charles Broadway Rouss of New York
has offered S1G0,000 for the erection and
establishment of the abbey, providing
the veterans raise a like amount AS
soon as the question of location is
settled immediate steps Will be taken to
collect the necessary sum. Every one
OF the southern states is anxious to
secure the abbey, and particular efforts
are being made by Georgia. Virginia
and tennessee in behalf of the respec-
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-06-10

southern girls who act as sponsors NJ
the different states. These girls inyar.
iably represent the highest type Of
southern beauty, and are chosen 10,
their personal charms quite as much az
for their social eminence and the rela.
ton OF their families to the lost cause
Each sponsor is attended by two maid,
of honor, and with three girls from
each OF the southern states the group i
an imposing one.
Tennessee's sponsor. Miss Sarah
Donelson Coffee. is a Nashville girl
daughter Of the late John D. Coffee
colonel IN the confederate army. One
Of her great-grandfathers was Gen.
John Coffee, a famous leader in the war
OF 1912 having commanded the Ken.
Kentucky and Tennessee troops in the
battle of New Orleans, and another
great grandfather was Col. John Donel.
son. father Of the wife Of Gen, Andrew
Jackson. Miss Coffee is one Of the
beauties Of the city. Miss Mary E.
Russell of Winchester, Virginia's spon.
sor. is a daughter Of Capt, James B
Russell, who served in many of the Vir
ginia campaigns Missourfs sponsor L.
Miss Ethlyue Jackson, whose family &C.
cupies a conspicuous place in the his
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-06-10
Richmond and

tive cities Of Atlanta, Richmond and
Nashville.
The subject of perfecting the best
methods for completing he plans and
funds for the 100000 monument to
jefferson Davis in Richmond will also
be discussed The cornerstone has al
ready been laid, and the association is
anxious to have the monument COM
pfeted. The feasibility of forming IA
United Confederate Veterans Benevo-
lent Aid society, for the care of inn
p0verish soldiers and widows and
orphans. will be determined Many Of
the southern states have individual as
socations Of this character. Another
matter will be d discussion as to the
best way of securing an impartial his
tory Of the war by enlisting the services
of each of the southern states for the
collection of detailed historical data.
The great parade will take place on
the oath, and many Of the veterans VIII
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-06-10

tory of the state. Her great-grand-
father was Dr.. John darlington, one OF
the noteworthy pioneers of Missouri
and her grandfather was Claiborn Fox
Jackson, war governor OF the state.
Miss Claude p. Middlebrooks of Sparta
will represent Georgia. and will have as
special escort the Clinch camp OF
Sparta and the Doles camp of Milledge-
VILE.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-06-10

see. Gen. Bradley Johnson of Narv,..
Gen. Ellison Capers of South Caroi'-
Gen. stephen d. Lee of Missisain.>
Gen. Clemant A. Evans Of Georgia ~,
Gen. Peter Turney Of Tennessee -
One Of the picturesque features NJ u.
confederate reunions is the gronn !,
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-06-10
REGRET.

| saw her strolling by the sea,
A sweet. shy and winsome miss,
And as she slyly glanced at me,
| threw her stealthily kiss.
She looked around the winsome miss
No prying eyes were there to see;
Responding to my waited kiss
She waved her handkerchief to me-
We're married. She's no more miss
And oft | ask myself in grief,
Why did | throw that fatal kiss?
Why did she wave her handkerchief
Boston Courier
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-06-10

wore in war times. The noted confed-
crate leaders who will be in the parade
at the head Of their respective state
divisions will include Gen. John B,
Gordon OF Georgia, commander-in-ch
of the association; Gen. Simon Buck
ner OF Kentucky, Gen. w. l.. Cabell of
Texas. Gen w. IL. Jackson of Tennes-
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1897-05-19
LIBERIA.

One does not hear much nowadays
of the Colony of Liberia. The only
thing generally carried in mind is
that it was established somewhere in
the thirties by some philanthropists
of the United States as a place to
which freed slaves might be sent,
when it was found impossible, or in
eXpedient to send them back to their
own countries. 1t was founded on
somewhat similar line to Sierra Leone,
though in the latter, the founding
country maintained its control, while
the former was organized as a Repub-
lie.
The only notice of it that has
appeared for long time in the Press
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1897-05-19

The Westfield (Indiana) News prints
the following in regard to an old resi-
dent of that place: Frank McAvoy,
for many years in the employ of the
l.. n. a. & C. railway here, says: 4
have used Chamberlain's Collie and
Diarrhoea Remedy for ten years or
longer-am never without it in my
family. | consider it the best remedy
of the kind manufactured. take
pleasure in recommending it," 1t is a
specific for all bowel disorders. For
sale by all druggists and dealers. Ben
son, Smith & Co., wholesale agents
for the Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1897-05-19

In a conversation with Capt. White
anent rose bugs, he suggests. united
efforts to get rid of the pest. He
agrees that Professor Koebele's plan
of incubation kills off the bugs To-
cally, but claims that if his neighbors
don't take any precautions, as soon as
he has got his own place clear, it only
offers especial inducements for fresh
colonies to arrive and feast upon his
reviving plants. Having cast out the
devil, he returns with seven other
devils worse than himself, and the lat
ter state of his garden is more deplor-
able than ever. Some plan should be
adopted by which the diseased bugs
should be supplied to everyone in
town, since the one here and another
there sort of policy does not effect
the desired result. A good effort
should be made to make this town a
garden of roses as il used to be in the
past.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1897-05-19
BY AUTHORITY
IRRIGATION NOTICE.

Holders of water privileges, or those
paying water rates, are hereby notified
that the hours for irrigation purposes
are from to s o'clock a. M, and from
to 6 o'clocl p. m.
ANDREW BROWN,
Sup't. Honolulu Water Works.
Approved:
j. A. KING,
Minister of the Interior.
Honolulu, H. l., April 9Th, 1897.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1897-05-19


Not only has Spain lost money
and men in the struggles with
its colonies, but it has received
serious injury in some of its
local industries. In a report on
the trade of Barcelona. Consul Wynd-
ham says that the rebellions have to
great exetent paralyzed the com
merce of Catalonia which is manu-
featuring district whose goods found
a market in Cuba and Manila. Every
where through the district the mills
have either been closed or are worked
on short hours with diminished num-
bers of hands. As an instance. the
town of Mataro is mentioned where
there used to be eight cotton factories.
Three of these are closed and the re-
mainder area working with only one
third the complement of worlmen for
only four days week. Such a blow
to her trade has far wider reaching
influences than the loss of battle
Spain will have to call halt upon her
colonial policy to save her local
industries. That is where war tells
most.