davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
WEDDINGS.
KNIGHT-HoDsDoN.

Pownal, Dec. 29-One of the prettiest
home weddings which ever occurred here
took place at the residence of Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles II. Hodsdon on Wednesday
evening, Dec. 22nd. at $50 p. m. The
contracting parties were Kate Coolidge,
fifth daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Hodsdon,
and Frank Addison Knight, two of our
most popular and highly respected young
people.
Great taste was shown in the decora-
tions. of the parlors, ferns, evergreens and
potted plants giving almost a summer
like beauty to the surroundings. In the
presence of only the INN ed late relatives
of the two families, the ceremony was
most agreeably performed by the Rev. G.
+. Andrews, pastor of the Universalist
church at Freeport.
The bride wore gown of white muslin
and carried bouquet of white roses
She was attended by her maid of honor,
Miss Ella Y. Hodsdon, who was also
gowned in white. Harry Knight and
George Hodsdon acted as ushers, and SO
the bridal party WAS made up of the sis
ter and brother OF the bride and brother
OF the groom.
Immediately after the ceremony con-
CALCULATIONS were offered, which were fol-
lowed by refreshments. Miss Emma
Stubbs poured the chocolate, while Miss
Elizabeth Hodsdon presided at tho
coffee urn, both being assisted by the
Misses Josephine and Florence Hodsdon.
The gifts were many and valuable,
those particularly mentioned being the
ones received from Mrs. Knights
grandfather Hodsdon, grandmother
Sweetser and the Ladies' Aid Society.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
A PoRTLAND-BosToN HOTEL MAN

A PORILAND-BOSTO HOTEL MAN
Mr.. S. B. Deane, who graduated at
our High school with honors, and who
was, for number of years, in the furni.
ture business in Portland, was always de-
sirous of getting into the hotel business
The Boston Hotel Gazette gives very
interesting sketch of Mr.. Deane, for he
has been for the past five years the pro.
priotor of the Hotel Bowdoin in Boston,
associated with Mr.. Frank A. Hale, and
last March Mr.. Deane bought out his
partner, and became sole proprietor. The
Gazette says: "Mr. Deane has spent
several thousand dollars in fitting I'D the
hotel in the most modern style. Some
of the best families in New England are
living this winter with Mr.. Deane at
the Bow0oin. In the estimation of those
who.patronize our hotels the Hotel Bow
dom stands higher today as f1rst-class
commercial house than it ever did, and
Proprietor Deane ought to feel mighty
proud of the many kind things said about
himself and his popular resort" aE
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
MR.. W. r. CHAPMAN TALKS.

Mr.. W. r. Chapman was in the city
yesterday. He is quite enthusiastic over
the Symphony concert that he proposes
to give in the city January 14th. He
speaks in high praise of his orchestra
composed of Maine musicians. He has
picked from the 274 known instrument tai
lists of the state, thirty-one, all. fine
players. The oboe and bassoons and some
of the 'cellos have to come from out of
the state. Mr.. Chapman has signed
Blauvelt. He hopes to have Mime. Story
at the Maine Musical Festival next year
and will probably have Senbirch. If
Nine. Story comes to New York, she will
come to Maine,
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
THE MUNICIPAL COURT.
Cases Before Judge Robinson yesterda,

In the Municipal court yesterday MORN
ing, William FL. Redmond and Mrs. Cora
B. Leighton were pulled up before Judge
Robinson on search and seizure case.
Deputies Firth and Plummer testified to
Selling beer at the resta urant kept by
Mrs. Leighton at No. 63 Commercial
street and that Redmond had on an apron
and appeared to be general helper. Red
mond didn't contest the case but Mrs
Leighton denied ever selling liquor. and
said the beer belonged to her boarders.
Hill, one of the boarders took the stand,
but his testimony was not considered re-
liable by the judge. Furthermore the
witness was very pert and was called
down for it by Judge Robinson. Both de.
PENDANTS were found guilty and ordered to
pay q fine of 500, and one half costs each.
County Attorney Libby appeared for the
state.
The continued cases Of ARRAY against
Andrew Miller and Michael Kolanski
were heard, an interpreter being called
into service. Both were found guilty and
fined SIS and one-half costs each.
1t was expected that the case of assault
against John E. Baker would be heard
in the Municipal court yesterday morn
ing. Baker is the man whom on Monday
County Attorney Libby saw striking
woman who, it was afterwards learned,
WAS the wife of the assailant. The county
attorney was in court ready. to testify but
Baker was not on hand. He has left the
town and his whereabouts are unknown
to the authorities. County Attorney
Libby says If the man is notsarrested in
the meantime he will have the matter
brought before the grand jury of the Su-
perior court. Mrs. Baker who resides in
South Portland. has been summoned to
appear in court. She has relented and
now states that she does not care to have
the case. pushed. County Attorney Libby,
however, is bound to have the case
brought to the attention Of the proper
tribunal and to have justice melted out.
Judge Robinson rendered his decision
in the case of Mrs. Benjamin G. Miles
against Frank w. Sterling which was
tried in the municipal court several days
ago. The court announces that verdict
for the plaintiff Is found for the full
amount, $12 so, which is the month 8 rent
that Mrs. Miles claims from Mr.. Sterling.
The defense has entered an appeal and
the case VIII be heard in the Superior
court.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
LECTURE ON THE TARIFF.

Students of political economy and the
general public are cordially invited by
the Woman's Council to attend Miss
Laughlin's lecture on the Tariff this eve-
ming at the Friends church at 7.30. Miss
Gail Laughlin is a graduate of Wellesley
and at present studying law at Cornell.
She has spoken and written constantly on
this subject the past few years. 1t is
hoped that this brilliant Portland girl
will be greeted by large audience. Gen.
tiemen are especially invited to attend.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
WESTBROOk.

Miss Eta Gray of Saco and W. d.
Carruthers and family of Portland, were
thesguests of f. B. Newcomb yesterday.
Christian Endeavor meeting tomorrow
evening at 7.30 o'clock at Congregational
chapel. Topic: Chow to Pray" Lead
er, Winford H. Smith.
The following officers have been elected
by Beulah chapter, O. S. L.:
W. MFRS. Jane Mcclellan.
W. PIP. J. Elwell.
q Sec.-Mrs. Ella SWEET
Treas.-Mr.. Annie Cobb.
Cond.-Mrs. w. II. Lewis.
Asst. Cond. Mrs. H. P. Walker.
Organist-Miss Allie Lewis.
Chaplain-Mrs. ]. G. Cobb.
Tho East End whist club was enter
tanned by Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. A. Ouinby
last evening.
At the regular meeting of Pequawket
tribe of Red Men, the following officers
were elected:
S.-R. e. Waterman.
S. So. S. Hallowell,
j. Sc. e. Davis.
PHI. A. Hunt.
9. of R.-A. K. jackson.
9. of WI. g. Strout.
K. of W.-Tholnas Watson.
Trustee-W. W. Lamb.
Representative to Great Council-A. II.
Bachelor, A. f. Gray, L. A. Frank.
Hall Agent-A. Ell. Bachelor.
Janitor-9ilbert wilkins.
Eagle chapter, No. Il, and Temple
lodge, No. SO, f. & A. H.. held a joint
public installation in Masonic hall, last
evening. P. M, A. Fl. Burroughs in
stalled the officers of Temple lodge, and
District Deputy VIM. N. Howe of Port
land installed the officers of Eagle chap
ter. After the exercises short musical
entertainment was given followed by re-
freshments. There were about 200 pres
ent.
At the regular meeting of Wawenock
tribe, 1. o. r. M, No. So, the following
officers were elected:
Propet-Fred B. Spear.
Sachepl-E. II. Barbour.
S. S.-R. @. Boot.
j. S.-Wm. Beatty
G. of RE. II. Smith.
. G. of VT. c. Harding.
K. of VA. B. Winslow
Trustee for three years-C. P. Sawyer.
Trustee for two years-Fairfield Grant.
Representative to Grand Council-C. p.
Sawyer, Fairfield Grant.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
OBITUARY..
WILLIAM Il. soULE.

Mr.. William II. Soule. the cashier of
the Cumberland National bank, died at
his residence No. SO Cushman street. YES
terday morning, from long illness from
Bright's disease.
Mr.. Soule was born in Freeport sixty
seven years ago, and for a time. as a
young man, acted as clerk for Mr.. Robert
Soule. He then came to Portland and
entered the house of Woodman, True &,
Co., where he remained until few wears
prior to-.the great fire of 1866, when he en-
tered the Cumberland bank as clerk.
Nineteen years ago he succeeded Mr..
Samuel Small as cashier at the latter's
death.
Mr.. Soule was a very quiet, methodical
man, devoted to his business, of scrupu-
lous integrity, and held in high esteem
by all who knew him. He married Miss
Ellen, daughter of Robertson Dyer, who
survives him, but no children. A brother.
Mr.. George Soule. lives in Boston.
PAUL D. WEBSTER.
Mr.. Paul D. Webster of Orono died there
Tuesday afternoon at the advanced age of
83 years. He had been in infrm health
for some months, but had been confined
to the house only few weeks. He leaves
a widow, a daughter, Mrs. Weston f.
Milliken of Portland, and two sons.
Henry Webster of Minneapolis and
Charles M. Webster of Orono. All the
family were present at the time of his
n ixv;,, Il L
been summoned several days ago. The
death of Mr.. Webster will be matter of
deep regret to many friends here and
elsewhere and the family will have the
sympathy of all The funeral services will
be held on Friday at II a. No., at his late
residence on Main street.
ALBERT B. JOHNSON.
Albert B. johnson, one of the best
known engineers of the Boston and Maine
railroad, who has for the past five years
run the famous "Flying Yankee" train
from Boston to ST. John, N. B., died at
his home 10 Lincoln street, Somerville,
Mass, Monday night Mr.. johnson was
taken i'll last Saturday with severe cold
which developed into pneumonia. He was
fifty years of age.
Mr.. johnson was born in Charlestown,
Mass, but for the past thirty years he
had made mis- home in Somerville. He
entere the employ of the Boston and
Maine railroad when Dung man of
twenty and started in as q fireman of
freight engine. He was promoted through
the various grades of a fireman position
and was then made an engineer. He ran
on the Eastern division, and soon after
starting with a passenger engine, was
given charge of the Portland express.
Five years ago he was promoted from that
position to engineer of the Flying YAM
kee," probably the best and most respon-
that an engineer of the Bos-
ton and Maine can hold He was a men,
Der of the Brotherhood of Locomotive En-
gineers, which organization he joined in
1861.
Mr.. johnson left widow and one son,
Albert Fl. Johnson, who is a baggage
master on the Eastern division of the
Boston and Maine. The funeral will be
held on Friday afternoon at 1850 O'Clock
from his homo on Lincoln street, Somer-
vile. The burial will be at Woodlawn.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
MAINE TOWNS.
Items of Interest Gathered by CORES.
pondents of the Press.
CUMBERLAND.

CUMBERLAND.
Cumberland, Dec. 29.-Dr. and Mrs.
j. B. Themes of Pittsfeld, Mass, spent
Christmas with their parents here.
Miss Louie A. Quimby of Portland,
spent Christmas at her mothers.
On Friday of last week, while cutting
wood, Geo. NJ. Hall cut one of his feet.
requiring physician to close the wound.
The annual Christmas concert by the
Sunday school was given last Sunday
afternoon, the following programme be-
ing carried out:
Anthem Cheir
Scripture Reading.
Prayer, Rev. T. w. Davis
Singing.
Reading-The Star of Bethlehem,
Philip l.. Blanchard
Song-Little Lord Jesus, Children
Responsive Reading,
Miss Haskell's and Mr.. Sweeter's Glasses
Solo, Carrie L. Blanchard
Reading-In Bethlehem, Amos S. Chase.
Reading-Tr Travellers Three,
Mrs. f. W. Davis.
Collection.
Singing.
Reading-Ch Christmas Hymn,
Christine Cricket
Exercise,
Mrs. Wyman's and Mrs. Greely's classes.
Closing Hymn,
Benediction.
There was a good audience in attend
ance, notwithstanding the storm, and
they gave close attention. The
church as appropriately decorated with
evergreens. The exercises in the evening
consisted of the Christmas eantata by a
chorus of thirty voices, and considering
she practice which had been put on it,
was well given. Alto and bass solos by
Miss Ethel G. Blanchard and f. e.
Sweetser were very good, also the trio,
:" The Angels Song" by Misses Carrie
Blanchard, Shaw and Rowe. The audi
ence was good, considering the weather.
SCARBORO.
Eight Corners, Dec. 29.-The concert
Christmas eve was very enjoyable ono.
The children all did we'll. The tree was
covered with costly presents, which were
distributed. by some of the young ladies.
MIR. Albert Cook is at work at
Knightville, car pentering.
We are glad to report that Mr.. II. E.
Bowers is SO as to be. out again.
Miss Edna Libby is again teaching the
school in this district.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
A MEMORIAL VOLUME.

Tributes to the memory of the late Hon
William Widgery Thomas have been pub.
ished in handsome volume by the
Lakeside Press. A remarkably good Dor.
trait of Mr.. Thomas is inserted on the
frontpieces with his familiar signature.
The paper used is of excellent quality
and type large and clear. The contents
of the volume embrace memorial sketch,
press tributes. the obsequis, resolutions
of respect, a voice from New Sweden,
and letters.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
BARGE CANIsTEo FOUND.

The missing Delaware and Lackawanna
barge Canisteo reported by the John
Englis, Sunday. as having broken away
from her tow during the gale of last Sat :.
urday night, was found Tuesdayiat an
Choir lin ssBarnstable Bay, Mass. and
brought back in triumph to Boston by
the tug G. B. Sanford, the same tug that
lost her In the first place. The Ethree
men whoscomprised the crew OF the Can
isteo were safe and sound, although the
chances were all in favor of their having
gone to thelbottom of Massachusetts Bay.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
PERSONAL.

Col. John M.EGlidden of New Castle
was in this city yesterday.
Mrs. James B. Angel recently gave a
reception at the her home at Pera Palace,
Constantinople, in honor of her guest,
Miss Elizabeth W. Farley of this city.
Conductor John Jewett and wife, 81
West street, are both very sick. They
were a little better yesterday morning,
but not out of danger.
DR.. George FL. Bailey has sold his
trotting stock to Hon. Frank Jones and
will it is understood soon move into the
city to reside in the future.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
FIRE DEPARTMENT BALL,

The tenth annual ball and entertain
ment of the Relief Association of the
Portland Fire Department will be held at
the Auditorium on Friday night. There
will be vitoscope exhibition from to 9
O'Clock, followed by the dance. 1t is I'M
necessary to dwell on the value of the
Institution and it lis to be hoped that
there will be liberal patronage. Tickets
are now on sale.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.

These transfers have been reported:
Brunswick Manufacturing company to
Samuel Knight ct ais, all of Brunswick,
land in Brunswick.
Arthur d. Parker to Stephen A. Parker
both of Baldwin, land IN Baldwin.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
SOCIETY ELECTIONS.

At the regular council fire of Machi-
gonne Tribe, /. o. r. M, these officers
were elected:
Prophat--R. A. Godfrey.
Siachem-Ira A. Bailey.
Senior Sagamore-J. L. MCCARTHY.
Junior Sagamore-Ge George H. Simpson.
Chief of Records.-A. E. Pollard.
Collector OF Wampum-E. j. Vannah
Keeper ofWampum-John Williamson.
Hall Agent-John Williamson.
Trustee for Three Great Suns-F. +.
Wheeler.
Trustee FOR Two Great Suns-James
Mason.
Representatives to the Great Council
of Maine-John williamson, James It.
Crockett, A. Il. Pollard, William Galley
ABYSSINIAN CHURCH.
These officers have been elected:
President-Robert 81. Matthews.
Vice President-Mrs. Eliza johnson.
Secretary-Miss Lucy Houston.
Treasurer-Mrs. Louisa Palmer.
Prayer Meeting Committee-Mr. James
SangiH, Mr.. Urjah Berry, Mrs. Houston,
Prayer Meeting Committee-Mrs.
Giro, Mrs. Houston, Rev. T.. A. Smythe.
UNITY LODGE, I. o. o. r.
These officers were elected last night:
y. G.-Pcrley L. Chase.
V. CIV. G. Leonard
Sd. w. Stevenson.
ii G. Merrill.
Trustees-Joshua Davis, Fl. P. Cox, l..
N. Cousins.
Agent-I. T. Clark.
LONGFELLOW LODGE, K. OPP.
The following were elected officera of
-Longfellow lodge, last evening:
G. C.-Wilber Qu1nt.
V. CA. j. Conary.
NJ. of W.-Geo. Hathaway.
P.-Joscph L. d. Henley.
K. r. and Sc. e. Manter.
M. at AVN. d. Clark.
M. of I'm. A. Floyd.
M. of E.-Frank L. Howe.
I. G.-Fred Libby.
o. G.-Wm. Galley
Rep. to Pythian Hall Assooiation-L. A.
Gould.
Trustee for Three years-Wilford G.
Chapman.
Rep. to Grand Lodge for Two years
L. A. Gould and A. M. Heseltine.
SAMOsET TRIBE, RED MEN.
The following officers were elected last
night
Prophet-Geo. r. Simpson.
Sachem-F Frank e. Moore.
Sr. Sagamore-W. A. Lomba
.Jr. Sagamore-J. d. Raglan.
Chief of Records-A. G. Waite.
Coll. of Wampum-W. H. Willard.
Keeper of Wampum-L. W. Fobes.
Rep. to Grand Council-Geo. M. Blake.
Charles V. Richards.
Trustee for Three Years-Charles f.
Roberts.
Hall Agent-Geo W. Blake.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
BOWLING LAST NIGHT.

BOWLING LAST NIGHT.
The Waverlys beat the Arlingtons last
night at Pines alleys in game devoid
of special interesting features. Haskins
was high roller, Armsby second. Score:
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30

At the regular council fire of Machi-
gonne Tribe, 1. o. R. M, these officers
were elected
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30

firm, soft-Hnish, beached Muslin. The garment has
full sweep the stitching rs like your own home work.
High neck, yoke of Swiss embroidery and 80 tucks in
clusters embroidery at neck and wrist pearl buttons
These Gowns will go on sale at o'clock, this
morning on first floor, near Silk department.
Price, 39c
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
Waverlys.

Friday night, Imperials VS.. Willards.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-12-30
NEW ADvERTIsENxENTs.
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.

Store Opens 8.15 o'clock Mornings
Store Closes Every Evening Except Saturdays at $50 o'clock
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-18
COnSpirlng For the Downfall of the
Dole Government.
KAIULANI WILL REIGN
UNDER THE DOMINATION OF
OUR ENGLISH COUSINS.
Evidence of Secret Work Now Going
On Will Be Furnished Congress
When the Treaty Is Called Up
Reason For It's Discussion Now
Behind Closed Doors.

New York, Dec 17-The downfall of
the Dole government and the restora-
ton of the monarchy, with Kaiulani,
niece f-the :. rma queer, Lilidokalani,
reigning under British domination, is
the future predicted for Hawaii by the
advocates of annexation in the event
of the rejection of the pending treaty
by the senate, says the Washington
correspondent of the Herald. Leading
members of the senate committee on
reign re n nS appear to be unani-
nous in the belief that when the treaty
is called up after the holidays, it is
said, evidence will be furnished to
prove that there is some secret work
now going on in this direction. 1t is
alleged that the Hawaiians NOW in this
city to protest against the ratification
of the treaty are here in the interest
of Kaiulani, and that English influ-
enee is behind the movement
Members of the committee declare
there is something even more substan-
tial than this to prove that the failure
of the United States to take Hawaii
means European domination over the
islands. Just what this information is
members of the committee decline to
divulge, but the significant statement
was made that when the facts were
brought out in executive session of tho
senate it would bring to the support
of the treaty several senators who are
now on the other side. 1t is on account
of this secret information in possession
of the committee that Senator Davis
will oppose the discussion of the treaty
in open session. He will insist on it's
consideration behind closed doors, and
he viii be supported in this proposition
by all the members of the committee.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-18
MURDERED BY MASKED FIENDS
ARKANSAS FAMILY SURPRISED
AT SUPPER TABLE.
Head of the Family Killed, Sons
Arm Shattered, and His Wife's
Throat Cut

Little Rock, Ark. Dec. IA special
to the Arkansas Democrat from Clin-
ton. Van Buren, county, says:
while the family of Mr.. Patterson,
a prominent farmer living six miles
southeast of here, were seated at the
supper table, two men, closely masked
and presenting Winehesters. appeared.
Without stating their object they fired,
one ball striking the old man squarely
in the mouth. The wounded man
rushed into another room for his pis-
toll, where one of the masked men had
gone, and was closely followed by the
other man, who, in turn, was followed
by the Pattersons oldest son and bro
Their. There the shooting continued till
their ammunition was gone. Then they
slashed right and left, cutting Pat
terson's throat from ear to ear, chok-
ing his brother into uuconsciousness
and slashing the throat Of young Mr.
Patterson's wife, but not seriously. The
murderers rode away.
Mr.. Patterson was eound dead with
his face lying in a pool of blood Young
Mr.. Patterson's arm was shattered by
a bullet in the combat. Two arrests
have been made on suspicion. The only
reason known for the affair is that the
old gentleman was supposed to have
! considerable money
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-18
Eight Words In the Sealing Bill
That Plays the Mischief.
OF MORE IMPORTANCE
THAN THE PROHIBITION OF Pc
LAGIC SEALING.
The Provision Did Not Attract At
tention During the Debate, But
It Prohibits Bringing In OF Seal
skins Into the United States-Its
Effects Far Reaching.

Washington, Dec. HIT has been de-
veloped that the bill relating to pelagic
sealing which has just passed both
branches of congress and is before the
president, contains a provision of far
reaching Importance which has thus
far escaped attention.
This is an absolute prohibition of the
bringing in of seal skins into the United
States. AS the United States is the
largest market in the world for seal
skins, this complete stoppage of the
trade in this country will be a severe
measure against the British and Cana
dian industries, which take and cure
the skins and then dispose of them
largely in the United States.
When the bill was proposed it was
generally supposed that it's only pur-
pose was to prohibit American citizens
from carrying on pelagic sealing. This
feature was the only one to attract at
tention during the discussions. At the
close of the bill, however, is a section
which was not restricted to Americans,
but applies to seal skins in general,
taken in the waters mentioned in this
act" which include the whole Pacific
ocean. The provision Is as follows:.
Sec. g. That the importation into
the United States by any person what
soever of fur seal skins, taken in the
waters mentioned in this act, whether
raw, dressed, dyed or manufactured, is
hereby prohibited, and all such articles
imported after this act shall take effect,
shall not be permitted to be exported,
but shall be seized and destroyed by the
proper officers of the United States"
Those who are thoroughly familiar
with the bill say this provision is of far
more Importance in it's effect than the
prohibition against pelagic sealing by
Americans.