davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
DEATH OF DR.. SUSAN EDISON
Famous Woman Doctor Passes Away at
the Age Of Seventy-Four.
Was One Of President Garaeld's
Physicians After He Was Shot
Her Service In War.

DR.. Susan A. Edison, one of the best
known and most respected physicians in
the United States, and for many years a
resident of Washington, died at 1880 pm.
today at her home, No. 1908 street north
west. in her seyenty-fifth year.
DR.. Edison was born January 4. 1928. near
Auburn. N. Y. She graduated from the
Cleveland Homeopathic College March I,
1854. Returning to her home soon after
ward, she quickly built up q large and
very lucrative practice.
This, however, she abandoned when the
war broke out, as she believed 1t to be her
duty to do all she could to ameliorate the
sufferings Of the soldiers. and accordingly
she came to Washington. Both here and
al Fortress Monroe which place she often
visited. she rendered invaluable profession
al services to the sick and wounded in the
hospitals.
The war ended, DIR. Edison returned 10
Auburn. where she remained until May 23.
1872, when she came to Washington to
live, and had resided here ever since. In
til her health interfered she had a very
large practice.
Attended President Garfield.
Dr. Edison was one of the physicians sum-
moned to attend President Garfield after
he was shot, and during the long illness OF
the President she was, it Is said, at his
bedside more frequently than was any
other Of the attending physicians. AS
mark of appreciation for her services to
Mr.. Garfield during his long illness Con-
gress voted DIR. Edison 5000. She was for
many years physician to the Garfield fam
lily.
The deceased was of a most unselfish
character, and it was said of her that
while she wore out more horses and car
riages than any other doctor in town in
visiting the sick, she never rendered bill
for her services. If her patients paid her,1t
was all right, and If they did not. she
found no fault
She was frequently sent for to go great
distances. 1t was said that Secretary
Blaine had the most implicit faith in her
ability, and was more satisfied with her
diagnosis of President Garfields case than
with that Of any other of the physicians
In attendance.
DIR. Edson's final illness was brief. Death
was caused by affection of the heart.
She leaves two half sisters. Mr.. John Joy
Edison and Mr.. Joseph r. Edison were her
nephews. The arrangements for the fu-
neral have no: yet been completed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
TREASURY PROMOTIONS.
Official Announcement of Recent
Changes.

Official Announcement of Recent
Changes.
The following promotions in the Treas
ury Department are announced today:
Office of the auditor for the Post Office
Department-B. F. Moore. Ohio, 81, 400 to
81 600: H. c. Munson. Virginia 81. 400 to ST.
600; j. 8. Sharp. West Virginia, $1,000 to
81 800, A. H. Stamp. New York, 81 200 to
81 400; Miss E. J. Snowden, New Jersey
81 900 to 1900 T. p. Miller. Pennsylvania
$500 to $1,000: Nathan Burnham, Mary
land. S720 to $500: E. G. Norman, North
Carolina, $500 to 500.
Office of the auditor for the War Depart
ment-W. c. Eldridge. New York. 81 800 to
chief of division; Charles Lowell, Maine
81 600 to $500; w. B. lie Due, Minnesota.
81 400 to 81 600: E. V. Crittendon, West Vir-
ginia. 81 200 to 81. 400; P. A. Auer Michigan,
81 600 TO 81 200; Mrs. I. w. Whiting ton.
District of Columbia. $40 to 5000; John
Pestell. Missouri. 500 to $40; Mrs. NJ Dom
nelly, New York. 500 to 81 900
Supervising architects office-Edward A.
Crane. Massachusetts, s., 200 to $500; c.
l.. Blanton. Missouri. s1,4O0 to 81, 515.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
COUNSELLOR HOWE WINS
He Captures the First Race at Bennine BY a
- Head.

Despite The stiff. cold wind, a large crowd
journeyed to the Benning track this after
noon. The sixth day Of the second fall
meeting of the Washington Jockey Club.
The cold weather. however, materially re-
stricted the attendance Of ladies.
The track was in fair shape and specula-
ton showed anidncteased volume Tomor-
row ladies Twill be admitted free. and a stee-
plechase will conclude the DAYS snort
Draw Lad, Eleanor Nc. Azure and Suuaw
were scratched in the first race, Taunton
and Pinkerton Scout in the second, Premier
In the third and Sister Alice in the fourth.
Marshall (DoggetD. 6-5; Gov Sheehan
HewetD, ,40-l; Counsellor Howe (O'Con-
.nor), Al, Abingdon (CoyIie) 12-1: Water
man Forhes). a-1: James Monroe (oLea-
ry), 6-1; Tunour (Hirsch), 12l: Loeb GIyn
tGarrigan); 40-1; laramie (Bergen), 1OI.
and Il. BIZ Oackson), 15-1, started in the
first race. one mile Counsellor Howe won
by head, Il. B." second and Timour third.
Entries for Tomorrow.
First race, three-year-olds and up; sell
Ing; one mile-Gov: Sheehan, 100; Dalgret-
ii. Eleanor Nc, 1O8; Debride, 1O4; Bastion.
IDS; Hi Daddy. 1902; Flames. 1o1; Mt. Wash
ington, 95.
Second race, selling. two-year-olds: five
eighths of mile-High Hoe, IFS: Martha.
II, 113; Miss Miriam, 1903; Gala Day. De-
canter, 100; Saratoga. lob: Miss Tenny, 1Os;
Our Breezy, Sister Alice, 90; Gypceiver,
The Cad. 9S; Prince Auckland, Gen. Maceo,
90: Home-like. Lille Seals, So; Tabouret,
Princess India, Plantain, "a; Senator Nc
Carren, 1902 ~
Third race, three-year-olds, owners han
dicap,' six and "a half furlongsLGeo. H.
Ketcham, 116; Tappan. Summer Sea. 1902:
Blue Devil. 101: Hamlin Hanwell, Bromo.
Manassas. Debrfde. ABannock, Ben Ronald.
Storm King, Billali, Kinnikinic, 100.
Fourth race, owners handicap. two-year-
o!ds. six furlongsEWarrenton, 100: Judge
Wardell, Martha II, Miss Tenny. Mont
Dor, Babieca. Senator McCarren. Sly Fox.
Ortoland. Sensational, 95. -
Fifth race. Ateeplechase, selling two and
a half milesrDeeapod, Mars Chan, lj7:
Buckeye. 154: Tom Moore, 14S; Detective,
las.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12

-
,,s Saies.reg,llar call.l2 O'Clock m.-capItal Trac
s,on; at 1h at 81 20 a. s7 AT SO Mer
fss io a, 'na sG 10 at 10 1885, 10 at
District OF Columbia Bonds.-ao-year fund IS, 10l
Sd sysar Inna Is s gold S no bid Water ss
currency. III bid. Sos, funding, currency, Iii
Miscellaneous Bonds -Metr,rulitan Railroad ss
a. ' no sid h,a li'Ssnsd iMe,rppoan Railroad COW
IL s fs.lf sasoa si
Sa,IrSsS (. q nden,edIess D iIi bid Bel
asked Colombia Railroad Gs 80 bid. w S
ton Gas Company g. series A, III bid. washing
4 sssss E is I'D BID sSs
can Security and Trust IS. F: and A.. 100 bid.
bid. washington Market Company LIST as 10 bid bid
Washngton Market Company imp IS. lio bid
sonic , Hall association Be- loo bid Washington
Ed, 70 I'd I'd ssss: IS "a "A "
asked. Traders, % bid. Lincoln. io5ss bid. iio
= Safe Deepest. and Trust comeanis..-NatIonal Safe
Loan and Trust iia BID 10 asked l AmenieaT
sscusity and Trust. rs bid. iso asked Wasting
Raiiroad stocks.-cApitaI Traction. 81 bid $50
al Mstropotan, lie hid, i22 asked. Colum
Gss and ELECTRIC Light s.eck..-washinston Gas.
20 BID, t'h asked U. S. Electric Light. no bil
Insurance -. s;ocks.-Firemen's. 30 bid Franklin
is sr Ss Es,s ss TSs asked
bid L asked Columbia. Y bid. IsE asked. Riga
Lincoln. bid. 10 asked COMMERCIAL. bid, 81
bid IS asfsd cols%sa Ts Esi Ss s..
Washi1s,oa Title. ~ bid. 5H asked District ri:
oassaPssls "a Po,snss: Is ID. % asked, A@sri:
GnphopSons prsferrsd. sio ia, ii asked Pneus
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
THE HAWAIIAN TREATY.
Over TwO-Thirds of the Senate Favor
Annexation.


Annexation.
A Washington dispatch to the New York
Herald says: Ratification of the Ha-
waiian annexation treaty by the United
States Senate is assured. The administra-
tien has made poll of that body, and
President Mckinley is satisfied that more
than two-thirds of the senators will vote
for ratification. President Mckinley is
DEPENDING on sixty-one senators for the
treaty. with prospects OF the addition of
several votes TO this number
These are the senators the President is
assured will vote for the treaty: Messrs
Aldrich. Allen. Allison. Baker, Burrows,
Cannon, Carter, Chandler, Clark Cullom,
Daniel, Davis, Deboe, Elkns, Fairbanks,
Foraker, Frye. Gallinger, Gear, Hale,
Hanna, Hansbrough. Hawley, Heitfeld,
Bride. McLaurin, Mcmillan. Mantle, Ma
sen, Morgan, Morrill,. Murphy, Nelson, Pen
rose, Perkins, Pettts, Plat of Connecticut,
Platt of New York. Pritchard, Proctor,
Quay. Rawlins, Roach, Sewell, Shoup,
Turner, Turpie. Warren, Wellington, Wet
more, Wilson and Wolcott.
Senators Undecided.
These who are still undecided ere
Messrs Butler. German, Keney, Harris,
Mallory, Martin, Mitchell and Turley
Those believed to be opposed to the
treaty are Messrs Bacon, Bate, Berry,
Caffery, Chiffon. Clay. Cockrell, Faulkner,
George Gray, Jones of Arkansas, Lindsay,
McEnery, Mills. Pasco, Pettigrew, Tillman,
Vest, Walthall and White.
The treaty is in excellent shane for
prompt action. 1t was fully considered by
the SeEate committee on foreign relations,
reported to the Serate and placed on the
calendar with practically the unanimous
ENDORSEMENT OF the committee There were
no votes cast against it, though Senators
Turpie and Daniel refrained from voting
because they had not then fully made up
tkeir minds as to what attitude they would
take.
In his message to Congress the Presi-
cent will set the ball in motion by present
ing as strongly as possible the arguments
for annexation. He will show that the
treaty has already been ratified by the
Hawaiian senate, and that only the action
OF the United States Senate is required to
add the islands to our territory
The President does not expect annexa-
foreign power While satisfied that japan
VIII not openly interpose any objections if
the senate acts promptly, administration
oncials think it not unlikely that she will
secretly do all she can to delay, if not 20
defeat. ratification. Any lobbying by japan.
however, will tend to expedite rather than
TO delay action by the Senate
The most potent opposition will come
from the Claus Spreckels and sugar trust
1nnuence. Pacific coast influence is divided.
and while most of the senators from that
section are in favor of the treaty. Senatos
White Of California is expected to lead the
opposition to IL in the Senate
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
Rapid Firing Rate Att.,u.a

The War Department has just completed
most interesting test at Sandy Hook of
the Observation-Disclosures disappearing gun
carriage. With a twelve-inch gun mounted
on this carriage ten rounds were fired in
fifteen minutes and fifty-seven seconds. the
machinery working absolutely without a
hitch. This is the highest rate of fire ever
attained on any carriage of this kind with
a gun OF this caliber and the ordnance off,
GERS are greatly pleased with the result. as
the carriage is the invention of two of the
members of the CORDS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
PULLMAN'S ENGAGEMENT OFF.
His Betrothed, Miss Oglesby, Make,
the announcement.


CHICAGO. November 12-Formal an
nouncement is made of the breaking o. the
engagement of Mr.. George Nj. Pullman and
Miss Felicite Oglesby. The news of Miss
Oglesby's engagement to one of the Pull
man twins came as great surprise to the
friends of the young people over two years
ago. and the rumors concerning the date
OF the wedding have been countless since
that time.
When the sudden death of Mr.. Pullman,
sr.. startled the city short time ago. Miss
Osiesby was at the home of her parents,
ex-Gov. and Mrs. Richard j. Oglesby, at
Elkhart, Ill For the last week or two the
young lady has been in Chicago, a guest
of Mrs. Pullman part of the time.
Miss OglesDly has just returned to Elk
hart. and simultaneous with her departure
CO Mes the announcement that Mr.. Pull
man had proposed to release her and that
she had accepted the offer. Friends of the
Oglesby family are stout in their declara-
tions that the disinheritance of the young
man had nothing whatever to do with the
rupture of the betrothal vows.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
RELEASED FROM JAIL.
Marie Delcomyn Liberated ON Prom ise
of Good Behavior.

Marie Deleomyn. alias Annie Ryan, the
English professional nurse. who was re-
Gently convicted of petty larceny in steal
ing from Clara Ramsburg last month a
gold watch. and who has been confined in
Jail for more than a month, was released
today by Chief Justice Bingham upon her
pc rsonal recognizance, sentence being sus-
pended during her good behavior and
upon the promise that she will be cared
tor at the Bruen Home.
The woman's counsel. Messrs. Bradley
and Dunlop read letters from Philadei-
phia physicians to the effect that she
Is at times mentally irres ponsible. but
Chief Justice Bingham expressed the be-
lief that she was justly convicted and.
ne said. he only suspended sentence out
of mercy and in consideration of the fact
that she has been imprisoned for some
time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
Personal Mention.

Mr. Heath. first assistan postmaster gen.
eral, has left the city for a few days.
Mr.. Marion w. Harris Ct Macon, Ca, is
in the city.
DIR. Varnum D. Collins Of this city has
just returned, after three months absence
in England, Ireland and Canada. He re-
crossed the ocean from Belfast and Lon
donderry. via the Straits Of Belle Isle, the
Gulf and River St. Lawrence to Quebec
Montreal and Toronto, thus making his
twenty-eighth trip from different ports of
the old or new world. He also visited many
places in Canada.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
ITS ANNUAL MEETING.

Addresses Before Associated Charitie.
This Evening.
Mr.. Edward T. Devine. general secretary
OF the Charity Organization Society in New
YORK, Will address the annual meeting of
Associated Charities which will be held this
evening in the hall at Columbian Uniyer-
sity. 10Th and H streets. DR.. Whitman of
the university will also make an address,
After the speaking a president. six vice
presidents and five members of the board
Of MANAGERS for the ensuing year will be
elected. Reports of the operations for the
year just closed will also be submitted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12

The following fourth-class postmasters
were appointed To-Day:
Maryland Burkittsvilie. Frederick
county. John w. Hilleary; Gracenam, Fred
erick county. William J. Cramer; Grange
Baltimore county. s. c. Ford: jefferson.
Frederick county. Lewis o. Whip: Thnr-
mont. Frederick county, T. Henry Cover
observation-disclosures, Charlotte county, Cora
8. Daniel: Bonbrook. Franklin county, w.
H. Martin: caryshrook. Fiuvanna county,
Eugene p. Houchins; Do0ms, Augusta
county. D. W. May; Shiloh, King George
county, J. 8. Davis; Thorndike Orange
county. j.. H. Estes: Whitehouse, New
Kent county, Rosscr johnson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12

LONDON. November 12.-Colonel F. R.
Howell and Thomas Cory. directors of the
National Bank of New South Wales. now
in liquidation. were arrested last evening
and charged at Bow street police court this
afternoon with embezziing 10000 of the
funds of the bank They were remanded in
bail To the amount of {; 900 each
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
Glad Relief.

From the Philadelphia Call.
critic-where did you get the idea Of
that story?
Author-Out of my head
Critic-Gracious. how glad you must be
that It's out.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
WANTS TO BE RELEASED.
Deborah III. Carter Alleges Illegal De
tention at Asylum.

Through Attorney ]. II. Smith. Deborah
H. Carter filed a petition yesterday after
noon for her release from ST. Elizabeth's
Insane Asylum. through habeas corpus
ehe charges that she Is unlawfuliy de-
prived OF her liberty. claiming that she Is
Lot insane. and that she was not at the
time OF her commitment to the asylum the
I'd of last month, upon the certificate of the
Secretary Of the Interior.
She explains that she was sentenced in
the Police Court, September D. to thirty
days in jail for an alleged assault on Sarah
q. Thorne. and that subsequently, the court
certified her case to the Secretary of the
Interior. She asserts that she has never
been judicially adjudged insane. Judge
Bradley set the case for hearing al III
O'Clock tomorrow morning.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
yellow Fever Record.

NEW ORLEANS. November 12.-No new
cases. no deaths, was the cheering bulletin
issued by the beard OF health regarding
the yellow fever situation at 1 o'clock to-
day.
and one death.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
Temporary Arrangement.

Until some permanent arrangement can
be made. the Commissioners, upon the
recommendation of the collector of taxes.
have delegated Clerk John M. Clarke to
receive the fees for tax certificates. in
order that the work of the Office win not
be embarrassed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
Ferninst the Raines Law.
From the Ruffalo Express.

AS q revenue producer the Raines law Is
q success. In every Sother respect 1t Is q
monumental failure. The claims that II
since been proved to be without fcunda-
ton. II It was ever intended to accom-
piish this end (and there 10 doubt OF IT..
that intent was made void BY the looseneSs
with which u was drawn: - 81 i
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
sIoane'~ on Day In Riding.

LONDON. November 12.-Jockey Sloane
did not have his usual good luck today.
He had mounts in four events. but sue
ceeded in securing a place in only one and
that was when he landed August Belmont's
plate. In the race for the Liverpool cup,
Sloane rode an outsider. Mr. H. e. Whites
Form, which was 40 to 1 chance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
Inspector Appointed.

The Commissioners have appointed Geo
NJ Campbell an. inspector In the street
sweeping department, vice Mckenzie. re-
signed. There was general promotion
in the department. Mr.. Campbell taking
the lowest place.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12

Corea's Representative Called.
Mr.. Chin Pom Ye. the Corean minister.
called on Secretary Sherman yesterday,
exchanging greetings and going over some
of the recent affairs of Corea, including the
elevation of the king to the dignity Of
emperor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
Russian Port. Freeze Tn.

ST PETERSBURG, November low
ing to sudden cold spell the ports in the
sea of Azof are freezing and consequently
a considerable quantity of grain which was
being prepared for export cannot be
shipped
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL.

The following are the opening, the high
est ano tine iuwos: sd ..SiS closing nrices OF
the New York stock market today as re-
ported by Corson Mccartney. members
New York stock exchange. Correspondents,
Messrs. Moore & Schley. No ~ Broadway
Open High Low Close
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
Not Withheld.

From the Chicago News.
1.-The fact is" said Dawson. II married
because was lonely. To put it tersely, 1
married for sympathy"
well, old man." replied his friend Haley,
"you certainly have mine"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12

II you want anything. try an ad. In The
VIII get an answer. :
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
Mr.. ThOmpson Bettcr.

Mr.. John w. Thon pson Is reported today
to be better. He, however. continues to
be quite weak. g. ~. So -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
Baltimore Markets.

BALTIMORE November 12.-Flour dull. unchang-
ed-receipts 1892 larrels; exports, 1886 barrels;
sales, $50 barrels Wheat irmer-spo: and month,
saHnsaA De Ger sy s s5has1a May g, g bid;
els: exports. none; stock Less o91 bushels sales
1000 bus,eis.s,uthern wheat by sample, g2ass:
do. on grade, g3a9S Corn strong-spot, month and
December. 33a33h; oNvemter December. new Or
CID; S2aass; January ssaaSN steamer mixed; sia
heels: stock. I.l3l. ass bushels: sales, 1900
bushels southern white corn, 30a3! do yellow, 31a
23Aa24-receipts. Is ,064 bushels; exports. none:
stock, Sl,54I bushels Rye frm-No: nearby,
IS: No. western, 81 saies-recepts. "a, 995 BUSH
els: exports. none: stock, 30, 414 bushels. Hay
quistchoice timothy. $500 asked. Grain freights
steady but ra.her quiet. unchanged. Sugar strong,
unchanged Butter steady. unchanged. Eggs firm
fresh. q Cheese steady-fancy New York. large,
9a.a10; do medium, 1oNal0ts do. SMALL 10hal1.
whisky unchanged.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12

II yeu wan, anything. try an al In TIE
Star II anybody has what ycu wish, Ycy
will get an answer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12
Clerks. A..oeiatfoa.

Articles Incorporating the Clerks Mutua
Benefit and Protective Association wer
filed with the recorder OF deeds late thi
afternoon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12

Grain, Provisfons and Cotton Markets.
Furnished by W. B. Hibbs & Co.. bankers
and brokers. 1877 F st. members New York
stock exchange, correspondents Messrs.
Ladenburg. Thalmann 8 Co.. New York.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12

1t matters little what 1t Is that you want
whether a situation OF a servant-a
want ad. I'm The Star will reach the
person who can I'll your need.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-11-12

G0verRmenf B0nds.
Quotations reported b. Corson & Macart.
ney. bankers
The San Francisco call., 1897-06-26
los ANGELES IKK0HATI0K
Poi!cs Adopt the BsFtiIO1 System for
the Identification of crfmi-

LOS ANGELES, CAL, June 25.-The
Police Department of this city will soon
adopt the Bertillon system of identifying
criminals, and il is expected to result in
adding 10 the efficiency OF the crook
catchers. Chief of Police Glass said to-
day that his detectives were already
tamiliarizing themselves with the system,
by which Grim inal once marked and
measured could never conceal his iden-
tlty.
The Chief is an applicant for member
ship in the National Association, which
1t was decided to establish, with head
quarters at Washington, at the Atlanta
convention OF Chiefs OF Police last year
At that time a board OF governors was
appointed TO take charge of the matter, TO
employ clerk and to establish depart
ment- The question raised at that time
was. What pro rata should each city pay
OF The expense of such a bureau2 1t was
al last decided to classify cities in three
grades TIE first class pays $i00 per an
mum, the second $75 and the thru $50.
The object of this bureau is 10 gather
Information concerning all criminals
every Tywhere in the United States and
Canada according to the Bertillon system,
photographs and all date, and 10 hold the
information ready to be sent out 10 oil
metn oers OF the bureau who may desire
the same. Each member is required to
send all information concerning each
criminal to the bureau and at all times to
be ready 10 furnish any information asked
tor by any member.