Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-10
BIRTHPLACE OF ANARCHY
Modern Propaganda of Force Had Its Origin
in Spain.
Since 1871 the Government Has Main
tanned n Relentless Warfare
Against the Secret Societies.
From the Philadelphia Press.

pleted assassination in the five years reign
of terror the anarchists have maintained in
Spain.
Anarchy exists in Spain under conditions
differing from those in any other country
of Europe, but at the same time Is closely
allied to the anarchy of France. From the
first Spain has had the most advanced
socialistic ideas, merging into anarchy and
giving instant adherence to Malatestas
theory of propaganda by decd"
The first socialistic sections were founded
at Madrid and Barcelona in 1869, and the
spread of socialistic principles was rapid.
In 1870 socialist revolutionary society
vas formed, and in the next year anarchist
principles and methods were adopted.
In 1871 the Spanish government began its
fight against the movement, which had
spread dangerously, and concerned nearly
20,oGO Spanish internationalists by that
time In 1874 the Spanish Federation, the
anarchist organization, was declared IL
legal. From that day began the steady
growth of present-day anarchism through
out the manufacturing centers of Spain.
Socialists Rooted Out.
Sixteen years ago Spanish anarchists shut
out all weakened socialists who had not
broken with every form of government and
OF gained society.
From the birth of anarchy in Spain Bar
celona has been its home and cradle. 1t
has been the scene of the most bloody DEM
ons STATIONS of the anarchists. Their trials
and the execution Of those convicted have
taken place there, until now the authori-
ties of the town are afraid to enrage the
anarch iStS.
The reign of terror of 1892 and 1898 prac-
tically began with an attack by mob on
Here's, with 64,UO0 inhabitants. Its plan
was to free the occupants of the Jail and
loot the town. The anarchists descended
on the town just as all the theaters were
let out. Three anarchists were killed in
the attack and riot that followed. Four
anarchists were garroted for this
On the following day a religious process
sion of Holy week at Cadiz was broken up
by two bombs thrown into the crowd.
Two months later Delboche and Ferrerie
dropped two bombs in the parlame ut
building and plot to kill the baby king
was discovered.
Numerous minor attacks were made dur
ing the rest of the year, and an explosion
at the house of Canovas was believed to he
the work of anarchists.
In April of 1893 word of an anarchist
plot for an uprising at Here's to avenge the
execution of the four men garroted the
previous spring was discovered Soldiers
surrounded farmhouse where the an
arc were plotting, and after severe
G 9,icounIer the entire party was captured
documents showed that an insurrection had
been ordered for the following day. Minor
explosions followed.
Two months later an explosion took
ha
lett wing of the royal palace.
Second Attack Ola Capovns
Two weeks after that a second attempt
was made to wreck Canovas' residence.
The explosion occurred at midnight. Three
men were engaged in it, one of whom was
Killed Suarez, second, was badly injur.
GU anu captured. Twenty-Five arrests
were made Suarez confessed to having
Deen the author of the explosion OH the
Plaza Oriental The only object of that
explosion, he explained, was TO Brighten
inc bourgeoise and remind them of the ex-
tstence of anarchism.
Whlle the occupants of the Canovas
residence escaped unframed, the explo-
sion resulted in the death of one person
the fatal injuring of another and the
Twoundirg of others at a place of amuse-
ment nearby.
Early in September a bomb was thrown
at the mayors house in Villaneuva Cata-
lcnia, and the troops were called out. A
riot at Santander followed on it's heels
Two weeks later bomb was thrown at
Gen. Martinez Campos. Campos escaped
with severe injuries, and is said to bear
the marks still of the wound in his thigh
soldier just behind Campos was killed by
the bomb.
In less than month the world was
startled by an explosion in the Liceo, the
principal theater of Barcelona, during a
gala performance, at which were gathered
the wealth and the fashion of the city
Two bombs were hurled from a gallery.
One exploded. The other failed. More
tran thirty persons were killed. Salvador
Franch boosted that he made the bombs
and hurled them himself, and his only
regret was that more people were not
killed.
In the last month of 1893 the Spanish
&c vernment found thirty anarchists on It's
bal DIS fer connection with the bomb out
rage against Campos. fifteen for murder
at the Liceo Theater and thirty noted
anarchists for participating in the affair
at Catalonia and Villaneuva.
January of 1894 was only twenty-five
days old when the civil governor OF Bar
celona was shot at with a pistol and
wounded in the face. A dynamite explo-
sion occurred on the same day in the har-
Dor works and Spain knew the hand Of
the anarchist was raised against it.
Bomb explosions, discoveries of anarch-
Isl laboratories and arrests of numerous
anarchists, male and female, have been
the program stree.
Fresh Outbreaks Again.
The death penalty was melted out to
Franch. In dealing with all crimes of an
archists the Spanish government has ad-
ministered severe punishment. Explosions
and bomb discoveries have bean frequent
too frequent for the government to hest
tate.
Barcelona was acknowledged to be the
headquarters of the movement, and while
usually claimed to have no connection one
with the other. the police usually succeeded
in tracing some connection with the four
men gaIroted for the Here's invasion IN
1892, or with Pallas or Franch, whom the
anarchists regarded as martyrs
In June of last year Barcelona was ter
roriZed once more by the resumption OF
activity. 1t was the feast day of Corpus
Christi. At o'clock at night bomb was
thrown into a religious procession just as
1t was entering the Church Santa Maria del
Mar. Seven persons were killed and forty
severely wounded.
The bombs used were similar to those
thrown by Franch at the Liceo Theater.
The motive was believed to be the intense
anarchistic hatred for religion. Franch,
almost with his last breath, cried, Down
with religion"
Similar sentiments were uttered by Pallas,
who tried to asSassnate Campos. Whole
sale arrests followed the Corpus Christi
tragedy. Eight anarchists were condemned
to death last fail. The attorney general
asked that twenty-eight be condemned to
death and ffty-six sentenced to penal ser
vitude for life. Five of these were shot in
public May 4.
1t is fair to believe that the killing Of
Canovas is the answer of the anarchists to
this execution. Instead of using their nat
ural weapon-a bomb-the bullet, the same
method by which the executed men were