davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-17
TPOLLEY-CiR HiREUS.

From, The Cosmopolitan Magazine.
one of the. questions that agitated caro- iast
,vin,ar was How can the street railway COM
r.nv be compelled to curtain more eiie't uaiy
tbo trollay-car harems?" \ large part u the
city and by 10 means the European section eN-
clnsi,alv IS served by a rapid transit system
Tn. o., rs do not differ materially from the open
c,rs e,nrlovrd on American lines, but the rear
cot is r. ;arved for women inst cad or smokers,
and It's use is indicated by curtains that righs
ba drawn bat in practice are not Drawn. NJ me
sides There IL no curtain IN front 10 divide
tha bar,rn from the other seats. ana on an m
nortant route like that for example. from the
t,zhokiyoh through the Boulevard Meheinot All
to old Cairo the ceaselesS chatter OF its back
cloakad black-veiled occupants. regardless OF
the silk-robed men in front and the Ted nisht-
cappcd hangers-on at the sides. gives an hys-
tern. suggestion Of "A picnic attended by masked
mOurners a.
Many of the solid moslems OF Cairo arr as
n,Ii.tnd by the publicity of the street-Car ha-
rems. and their feelings are understood. and to
some extent shared. by G. few OF the Anglo
Egyptians Of the second and third generations.
TIE short line OF the COnstantincp" under
ground railway is more mindful OF Mcsen Gus
toms The harem divisions of its cars are fully
curtained: but these divisions are too small 10
hold the women who flock from the GalAta-fera
sections during shopping hours tn the baZaars
of Stamboul and there is usually an overflow
in the main part of tn. car. No seats are pro-
vided and the privacy of the Turkish woman.
home ward bound at sunset. after 4 " ar oi Wis
with the stately diplomats OF the Oriental bar
gair counters. is conlpaI able 10 that oi the
standing throng in rush trip on a Brooklyn
Bridge
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-17

and HID tells those who wait with anxiety tha'
mo assistance can be rendered. HV means
damaged rudder. cannot steer" and II" ell
CINE or machinery disabled
The signal in stands for war between
and - The skipper indicates the cohtenu
ing forces with the flags. thus: JN' stars anu
Stripes, Spanish flag, would read: war between
United States and Spain" There is small list
Of signals all beginning with N. which no sea-
man cares TO hoist or to see from a place Of
safety. Among these are II have sprung a leak.
leak gaining rapidly: Il am sinking" Il am
on fire" fire gains, take people or: Il am
driving no more anchors to let co.; Il am I'M
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-17

"gcocraphical." the pcnnants c. ID or + on top
indicate spelling and vocabulary signals on
top means mcn-of-war. and 81 rare nag upper
most Is for the names of merchant SHIPS
The combinations made with the cish'ecn nagS
ill large volume. and the requirements OF those
who are on shipboar1 have been 50 well antici-
patcd that there are few conditions when can
not be expressed by the code.
Pictures OF distress arise before one A ne
reads over the list Of twO-nag signals. HH
means "want immediate assistance" and little
further down on the code is the signal I'VE are
couin, 10 YOUR assistance" expressed by the
letters He. I'M tells Of A man overheard,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-17
SIGNALS AT SEA.
THE FLAGS BY WHICH SHIPS COMMUN1-
CATE WITH EACH OTHER.

THERE ARE EIGHTEEN or THEM. WHICH Can
BE ARRANGED IL 1854: COMBINATIONS
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-17

not have seen the first signals. for now his s,..
nal Ben goes up and there Is rejoicing on III.
sinking ship. for the flags say, II will not aban.
don you or vessel in distress"
DISTANT SIGNALS.
When the colors cannot be distinguished. IN.
flag signals become useless, and for that reason
the distant signals" are used frequently These
consist Of ball. a flag and a pennant 30 Ar.
ranged as to make eighteen letters correspondent.
to those in the flag signal collection. In case OF
need the proper symbols may be replaced BY
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-17

manageable" and when the mariner in distress
sees his possible rescuer sailing away. ne makes
"A last effort and hoists Nj. which says TO him
VINO reads It, do not abandon me-. He may
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-17

tress. Three-Hag signals relate to general SUD-
tects Of inquiry or communication Including
longitude. latitude and time signals.
A four-nag signal with burSee uppermost Is
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-17

handkerchiefs for the flags. oars or spars slung
horizontally for the pennants and pals Or
buckets for the balls. The distant signals are
made up OF two. three or four combinations O.
ball. pennant and flag. and when the arrange.
ment Of the ship will permit they are shown In
the following places: The first letter upon the
foremast. the second letter upon the mainmast.
the third letter upon the mizzenmast. and the
fourt' letter under the gafr the signal being al.
WAYS read from fore to aft.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-17
HAD NO CHANCE.

From The Chicago Record
81 was disappointed in the roar OF NiasAfl.
"YeS; but you took q lot Of women win you
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-17
KEEPS WE'LL ~ FRONT.

From The Chicago Record
is your new clergyman progressive"
II suppose So lie attends funerals On his
wheel"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-17

,ccrN,r yrS NEGATIVE-NO.
Omaha daily bee., 1897-08-18
DOESN,T IE1NT nNInN

The Canadian minister of marine and
fisheries has informed the London
chamber of commerce that every YES
tgc of feeling in favor of union with
the United States had long since dis
appeared in Canada. that country hav-
ing nothing to gain thereby. This state
ment is probably not exactly true. I'm
doubtedly there are people in the Do
minion who still think union with the
United States desirable and earnestly
believe that Canada would be benefited
by becoming a part of the American
union. But the number of such is nm
qucstionably less than few years ago,
large. What a large majority of the
Canadian people have desired is trade
agreement with this country which would
give them a larger share of the Ameri-
can market and having failed to effect
anything in this direction because they
had nothing acceptable to propose--noth-
ing which in its operation would not have
been onc-sided-they have become dis
tinctly unfriendly and seem likely to
grow more so. Quite naturally, per-
haps, under the circumstances the i'm
perialist sentiment has grown there
and it is to be presumed that just now
it is perilous to the business and social
relations of man TO favor union with
the United States, political or CONNER
cial. Even the liberals, who had pro
fessed great friendship for this country,
seem disposed to outdo the tories in
manifesting hostility toward us. or
course we can stand this sort of thing,
though it is possible that Canadian um-
become intolerable.
Omaha daily bee., 1897-08-18
STATISTICS OF EDUCATION
Compilation of Valuable Facts for All
Interested in the Sbuject,
REPORT OF UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER
over sixteen Million Enrolled In the
various Public mud Private
Schools-Lnrgc Increase
for the Year.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 1.-THE report OF
the United States Commissioner of Educa-
tion, DR.. William T. Harris, for the year
ended July l, 1897, has just been completed
II shows total enrolment in that year in
the schools and colleges, both public and
private OF 15997,197 pupils. This was an
Increase of 2OS,575. The number in public
institutions was 14,46537l, aud in private
institutions 1881. .S26. In addition to all these
there were 4lS,OOO pupils in the various
special schools and institutions. including
business colleges, music conservatorles.
lndian and reform schools, making the grand
total enrolment for the whole country TO-
415.197
The report says the 17S schools for the
secondary and higher education of the
colored race had slightly over 40 900 students
enrolled. an increase of over 8 900 for the
year The schools increased by sixteen in
number. mostly high schools. There were
25O92 pupils in the elementary grades, 1S. 1868
in the secondary grades and 1455 in the
collegiate departments. There were 1872
colored students studying for teachers
industrial training is prominent feature in
nearly all of these schools.
Omaha daily bee., 1897-08-18
THE NEW CHIEF or PULICE.


The appointment of Constantine "
not only an insult to the intelligence of
long suffering community, but an un-
mitigated outrage upon its taXpaying
citizens. Mr.. Gallagher does not possess
u single qualification for the position
which he has been invited to fill. He
does not even pretend to have had any
training in police work and has never
been engaged in any calling that would
in any way fit him for the supervision
and management of II metropolitan DO
lice force.
Mr.. Gallagher has nearly all his life
been politician and the only place he
ever held In which he had the direction
Of any considerable body of subordinat.S
was as postmaster. and Postmaster Gal
lagher depended wholly upon his deputy
and clerks for the active conduct of the
business of the office. The executive
work of II chief of police must necessarily
devolve upon the chief himself and can
not be delegated to assistants and
subordinates. Like the commander of
IN army, II police chief must be able to
lead his men and inspire them through
his personal ability to direct their move
ments. He must be intimately familiar
with the internal workings of criminal
detection and prosecution, and he must
know by his own experience how, when
and where to strike n blow and whom
to entrust with the various details OF
the work. 1t is idle to expect Mr.. Gal
experience to do this.
What then are we to look for from
Mr. Gallagher acting as chief of police?
Is Omaha TO depend upon a mere figure
head mt the head of its police for pro-
lection from crime and lawlcssneSs? ?
Was the office of police chief created
as soft berth for politician? Is IT
the purpose of the police commission
to have the duties that deyolve upon the
chief performed by the police captains,
and If so, by which captain? viii it
be Acting Chief Mostyn one month and
Acting Chief Haze The next month? If
either of these captains is to be chief
with Gallagher drawing the chiefs
salary, in what position will that leave
the city? AS Il matter of fact neither
Mostyn nor Haze Is qualified to act as
head of the police department OF a city
of Omaha's pretentions and prospects,
Captain Mostyn is a fair officer when
acting under the direction of man with
executive ability, but has never demon
strated his capacity to direct the force or
maintain discipline. AS to Haze, the
less said the better. He should never
have been reinstated after he had been
removed for cause.
1t is out of the question for Mr.. Gala
Omaha daily bee., 1897-08-18

OF wheat" he powerfully argues, "thcy sold
II for silver and received about twice tho
value In their own money that an American
farmer would receive" We can furnish the
Colorado irreconclablc with better Illus
ration than that During a period OF rag
money Imitation in one of the West Indies
farmers are said to have received three
bushels OF paper money for every buehel OF
potatoes they sold.
Globe Democrats Senator Stewart OF Ne
vada gives up the popocratic idiocy that
there Is connection between the prices
OF silver aud wheat. His colleague Jones
apparently does likewise. Roth of them
realize that silver will drop farther and
wheat go higher than they are at present.
The probability, Of course is that neither
OF them ever believed in this dclusion. A
few featherheads like Bryan and fanatics
like Tillman may have accepted this wheat
silver fallacy in good faith, but the men OF
intellect and balance In the popuCratic
coalition, 1t Is safe to say, never believed
In 1t. Nobody who ever took the trouble
to examine the list OF prices OF silver, wheat
and other important articles year by year
since 1873 ever was fooled by the prctcnse
that the price OF silver determined the
price of any other article
Omaha daily bee., 1897-08-18
noNFlpENrn AM MkLNLEr.

According to n Madrid dispatch, the
political leaders in Spain are not at all
troubled by the reported uttcranccs OF
Secretary sherman regarding that coun-
try. 1t was stated In dispatches from
Washington shortly after the published
Interview with the secretary of state in
reference TO the assassination of Cano-
vas that the Spanish government would
probably ask for an explanation of the
sccrctary's remarks and 1t was said to
be apprchended that the matter might
cause some diplomatic disturbance, but
the report from Spain indicates that
there is no likelihood Of anything of the
kind. In fact, the probability appears
to be that no official attention what
ever will be given to what was said, or
alleged to be said, by Secretary Sher-
man.
1t appears that the Spanish statesmen
are not particularly concerned as to
what may proceed from the head of the
State department, in an unofficial way.
Their only interest, is seems, is in the
position of the president and in this
they show good judgment. The sccre-
tary of state of course speaks, even un-
officially, with measure of authority.
1t is always to be presumed that he re-
fleets, at least to some extent, the
views and the attitude of the admin
istration. 1t is naturally supposed that
he is more or less familiar with the
opinions of the president respect
ing International affairs. And yet it
would obviously be mistake to
hold the chief executive response
bic for any casual opinion expressed
by the head of the State depart
mcnt. This our British cousins do not
seem to understand in which respect
they are less wise than the Spanish
statesmen.
There Is said to be great deal of
confidence felt by men of all parties in
Spain in President Mckinley and it is
needless TO say this is not misplaced.
The president will deal justly with that
country, according to his views of the
international duty of the United States.
Omaha daily bee., 1897-08-18

CHER to maintain himself creditably al
the head Of the police. He is no more I'll
for police chief than for chief of the fire
department or. for that matter for chan.
cellor OF the State university. If the
police commission has any regard for
the public welfare it will retrace its
steps as promptly as possible. Omaha
has suffered enough from police misrule
1t would he an irremcdiable calamity
that just on the eve of the great cXposi-
tion its citizens and guests should he
left unprotected from thugs, thieves.
swindlers and confidence sharps for fail.
ure of the police commission to provide
a competent chief of police
The people of Omaha have been wait
ing patiently for the police commission
to do its duty as contemplated by the
law, and when they ask for bread they
will not be content with n stone. Mr..
Gallagher's appointment is manifestly
political. But even the Irish American
democrats, to whom he is thrown as a
sop, will not feel satisfied because they
know that Mr.. Gallagher cannot fill the
bill and sooner or later must give way to
another man as Il matter of public
safety
Omaha daily bee., 1897-08-18
STEWART, TELLER AZ co.

Kansas City Star: Senator Stewart may
deny the interview, but he cannot deny that
he Ia in Wall street-"tO get a part or the
prosperity that is rampant" there, as else
where.
Minneapolis Journal: The democratic OF
sans are beginning to admit that times are
improving but they devOutiy cay that ProYl-
dence did it and the republican party had
nothing to do with II. They can't be induced
to admit that Providence guides the repub-
llcan party.
Stewart of Nevada Is reported as saying that
"thero is nothing in talking silver at the
present time" AS Mr. Stewart has probably
done more talking about silver than had
been done by any other man. this admission
Is not without interest. At the same time II
will be difficult for him to free himself from
the force OF habit, and so the crime OF 1873
may not escape denunciation at Washington
next winter
Nevada, for these many years the most yehe-
ment. persistent and rabid free silyerite in
all the land, has himself dealt the moribund
free silver issue its death blow. His inter
view in New York tho other day, In which he
candldly abandoned his position as chief ad-
vOcate for the free and unlimited coinage OF
the white metal, is one OF the most significant
Gigns OF the times, and Is receiving wide
spread and deserved attention. The senator S
words are well worth repeating.
New York Commercial Advertiser: SEN
ator Teller belongs to the order OF men
who are willing to be convinced, but would
like to see the person who could convince
them. He SCOTS at the idea that there is
anything significant In the rise OF wheat
and the fall OF silver, when india and the
South American countries had good crop
Omaha daily bee., 1897-08-18

Progress OF the British Expedition
Toward Nhurtoum.

While the capture OF Abu Ildmed by the
Anglo Egyptian forces has marked another
important step 10 the march to Khartoum
vet 1t must be remembered that the early
stages are the easiest
From the fourth cataract which Is below
Abu Hamed about half way between that
point and Debbeh, up to BeTber, now the
next great point ahead, the navigation is
difficult. b You'd Berber 1t becomes easier
again. AS distance there still remains
to be travera3d about 1926 miles from Abu
Hamed to the objective point OF the cam
palgn, khartoum, And even the uccupa-
ton of khartoum though a crowniug tri-
umph for this series OF operations, might
not break down the enemy for they could
withdraw to El Obeld and other points.
Distance also is not the only element in
the problem The advance of the Anglo-
Egyptian forces carries them further from
their base, and makes il possible for the
enemy to harass their communications with
greater success Thus far, indeed, the re-
sisiance offered to their advance has been
slight. Dongola was occupied with the
greatest ease, and while the attack on Abu
Hamed was only effected by some hard
hghting in which Major Sidney and Lieu
tenant Fitz Clarence were among the killed
yet nothing like the battles of 1884 has yet
been seen
1t was far beyond Abu Hamed tina. the
severe engagements Of Abu Klea and Gubat
were fought. when General Stewart made
his gallant advance across the Babluda
desert to Metemueh which cost nm his
life. In the earlier stages OF Lord Wolse
ley's campaign of thirteen yedrs ago, the
mahdi did not trouble himeelf to offer
much opposition. But when point was
reached where Khartoum might be seri-
ously threatened the enemy appeared in
great force and rushed to the slaughter in
floted on him by the British machine guns.
1t must be said, however, that the condi
tions are In some respects more favorable
to success than in the campaign of 1884,
1t is true that then Lord Wolseley's force
was large, the purpose OF rescuing Gordon
having caused great preparations to be made.
But the Egyptian troops have improved of
late years, while such officers as Kitchener
have become veterans in Soudanese cam
paigning, and the experience of thirteen
years ago Is Useful
Thus far also, the resistance offered to
the advance is very slight. Yet on that
point it is well not to give way to illusions.
In the Soudan the Arabs can command
scores of thousands of physically powerful
and fanatical warriors, and 1t remains ia
be seen whether these will be concentrated
for attack But just now the indications
are that Khartoum can be reached.
Omaha daily bee., 1897-08-18
NUMBER OF nREADwINNERS
steady Increase shown by the Census
The Increase in Wages.
Carroll b. Wrlght in the Atlantlc.

Carroll ID. wright IN the Atlantlc.
In 1870 there were Il, 2,5O5,923 persons en-
gagged in supporting themselves and the re-
mainder Of the people; that is to say, 32.A3
per cent of the total population were so en-
gagged. In 1850 the number of breadwinners
was II 1885,, ,099 or 34.67 per cent of the total
population. In 1890 this number had risen
to 22, 1856 Sol, or 1901 per cent of the total
population. By "breadwnners" is meant
all who were engaged either as wage-earn-
ers or salary receivers, or proprietors, of
whatever grade or description. and all pro-
fessional perSons-in fact, everyone who
was in any way employed in any gainful
pursuit The figures quoted show that the
proportion of the total population thus en-
ployed Is constantly increasing. Analysing
the statistics, we find some remarkable re-
suits and in general, that the number en-
gagged in the lowest walks of business, labor
ers and the like, is decreasing in proportion,
while those employed in the higher walks
are increasing in number relatively to the
whole population. Fortunately we
are not obliged to depend upon the increase
of rates of wages to show that the ordinary
man is better Off than at any former period
in our history, because our cenSuSes report
aggregate earnings and also the number
divided Looking to this side of the prob
lem, we find that in 1850 the average an
nual earnings of each employe engaged in
manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, in
Guiding men, women and children, in round
numbers were $2f7; in 1860. $3.50; in 1870
1902; in 1880. $3i7; and in 1890 $445. Here
is a steady, positive increase in the average
annual earnings of the employees in our
great Industrial pursuits
Omaha daily bee., 1897-08-18
noNELs is no GET 4 n1G SALARY.
Accepts the Presidency of II Trust
Company.

WASHINGTON, Aug 17.-Ex-Comptrol-
Ter James H. Eckels will soon take UP the
duties of the presidency of the recently
formed Colonial Trust company of which
Roswell =. Flower is the acting president.
Mr.. Eckles has had an offer in conjunction
with the presidency of Chicago bank
under consideration for some time He
hnally accepted the New York offer and
VIII relieve Mr. Flower early in the fall.
Immediately after he has finished his annual
report as comptroller of the treasury Mr.
Eckels salary in his new position will be
$4,000 per year Charles G. Dawes of
evanston, ILL.,, a member of the republican
national executive committee. will succeed
Mr.; Eckels as comptroller of the treasury.
DE FROlT, Aug. H.-Comptroller of the
currency James II. Eckels was interviewed
today by the Associated press in relation
10 the report that he had accepted the pres
ldency of the Colonial Trust company of
New York Mr.. Eckels affirmed the report
INSOFAR as having been offered the position
but declined to state whether he would ac-
cept or decline it. From trustworthy au-
thority 1t can be stated that Mr.. Eckels will
not accept the honor, but will remain at
mis- present post until his term expires
NEW YORK, Aug. 17.-An official of the
colonial Trust company of this city
authoritattvely denies the report sent out
from Washington that Comptroller of the
currency James II. Eckels, upon the expira-
non OF his term as federal officer, would
replace r. p. Flower as president of the
Colonial. 1t is said Mr.. Eckels' name has
dehcy OF the Metropolitan Trust company of
this city