davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-01-16
ANIMALS THAT SLEEP DURING
SUMMER.

To us in the temperate zone animals
that hibernate, or sleep through the
winter, are we'll known. Few know, how
ever, that in warmer climates there are
also animals that "estivate," or sleep
| during the summer. The cause of the
| torpid state in both cases is not SO much
the excess of heat or cold as the scarcity
of food to which it gives rise, so that the
reason for Information and estivation is
really the same. 1t is only recently
that the latter condition has been stud.
led. Says L. j. Vance in an article on
the subject in Our Animal Friends:
"The conditions of estivation are far
from being thoroughly understood, and
the subject is one about which there is
much to learn. 1t has been noticed that
when the fierce heat of the tropical sun
dries up every pool and bakes the
ground, animals not endowed with suffi-
cient power of locomotion to enable
them to travel to water manage to sur
vive by sleeping through the season Ct
drought and heat. In South America
and Africa various snakes estimate. In
countries where there are several months
of rainless season, lizards, frogs, tortoises
and some insects pass the time in dor
mant state. 1t is said that some species
of fish in India become embedded in the
baked clay during the hot season when
the streams are dried. In Central Amer.
lea the land and fresh water tortoise,
the alligator and many of the snakes
sleep during the heat and drought of
summer, and do not wake up until the
weather is milder. Not many cases are
known of warm blooded animals that es-
tivate in temperate climates. An inter-
esting example is given by writer in
the last edition of the Encyclopedia
Britannica in his article on Information.
He says, The dormouse nor only hiber-
mates in the strict sense of the term. but
will sleep at intervals for several days
together during mild weather. When
myoxus. an allied animal inhabiting
Africa, was brought to Europe, it hiber.
mated as if this we're its normal habit
Whether it estimates in it's native coun-
try is not known, but it's alternating in
Europe shows greater power of adapt
ing itself to changed conditions of life
than we should have been inclined to
suspect In this connection we call at
tention to two curious cases of the sum.
mer sleep of warm blooded animals as
far north as New Jersey. These two
cases were discovered and described by
DIR. Charles @. Abbott, the we'll known
naturalist"
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-01-16
AGRICULTURE,

Examine any patch of weeds which
has been cut in late summer, and after
they have lain a day or two you will
find many ripe seeds. Even wheat may
be cut in it's dough state without any
loss in the power of termination. All
this goes to show that the firebrand
should follow the scythe.
The average yield of wheat an acre
during the last 10 years has been about
II bushels. worth eight or nine dollars.
1t cost that much to produce the wheat;
but the man who has the habit OF pro
ducing 30 or 80 bushels an acre pocketed
a fair profit. The whole secret is in in
tensive farming.
We must read and study, and then
use good hard sense in the appliction
of what we learn; but we are sure of
winning only when we determine by
field experiment whether our soil should
be plowed deep or shallow for corn, or
wheat or potatoes; what varieties are
best adapted to our soil and what tiIlage
is needed. Tests are better than
theories.
Growing one crop not only impover-
ishes the soil, but dwarfs the man. To
have a variety and rotation divides the
labor of the year, reduces the number
OF teams. gives regular emp oyment
every month in the year, and develops
the husbandman into capability
greater than that of mere mechanical
sowing and reaping.
The old story OF ignorance and bliss
will not always hold good. Many
farmer does not figure closely enough to
know what his productions cost, and,
therefore. does not know what he is
losing. Merchants do not continue to
handle goods which they must sell at
loss; and that is where they differ from
too many farmers.
We can neither trap nor poison the
grub worm. 1t lives in the ground for
three years. feeding upon the roots of
grasses, and, of course, those of the
cereal crops. The third year they issue
as perfect beetles and lay their eggs in
meadows. Flowing the soil and turning
in hogs is one remedy; so is thorough
summer fallow.
Selling timothy bay off the farm may
not be a good thing to do, but it's rea-
lively high price and its low manurial
value make the practice far more ex-
cusable than the selling of the clover
hay. the clover is the richer food for
stock and richer for plants, and it should
stay on the farm.
The system of annual "road working"
is unsatisfactory to say the least. If
the assessments could be made in
money rather than in labor, and spent
under the supervision of one who I'M
derstood his business, and who could
make the timely repairs as they were
found most necessary. it would be found
in the end to cost much less than by the
old method.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-01-16
THE SERPENTS OF JAVA.

The limbo sugar estate in Java com.
prises over IL 900 acres, about one-third
of which is in cane. This is one of the
most densely wooded parts of Java, and
the bush is like wall, impervious even
to many wild animals, but snakes -four
ish, and there are no less than ten va
rieties that are deadly poisonous. Eight
of the coolies employed on this estate
have died inside of four months from
snake bites. The chain viper is most
dreaded, as it will not get out of ones
way, and when trodden on by the bare.
footed natives strikes fatally. Twelve
miles away is the ruined city of Choru,
wilderness of temples built OF stone,
cut in designs as fine as lacework. On
the north side Of all these buildings are
long arched passages, and here wild an.
imals resort to get out of the intolerable
heat. Leading from these avenues are
hundreds of small chambers having no
windows. In these Turk more sdakes
than can be found anywhere else in the
island.
1t is not surprising that the Eastern
nations look upon Englishmen as luna
tics, they do so many foolhardy things
from no apparent motive save to risk
their lives. Two years ago an English
naval lieutenant was in Java visiting
pai0h horipo y,lopfar op6 b;o yaoul;or
craze was making collection of Javan
reptiles. His only attendant was an
English sailor lad about sixteen, and
these two, against all warning, went
roaming around the forests without
guide. In Choru, the ruined city, the
ieute ant found a rich harvest, and
killed magnificent black jaguar, but an
adventure with snake ended his sport
One day he and the boy were under one
of the long archways OF the big temple.
and looking through the doorway of one
OF the dark chambers. saw something
yellow in the far corner. Without a
moments thought he entered and gave
the mass punch with his cane. A tre-
mendous hiss that fairly shook the walls
was.followed by an assault swift as tn
leap of tiger, and the man found him
self seized by huge Bari snake, the
most aggressive and dangerous of our
constructors. His left shoulder was
crushed in the brute teeth, and quick
as flash coil was around his body
and he felt the steel. like compression
But the grit of the boy saved his MAG
ter's life. He had heavy. sharp wood
knife. aud he struck the reptile two
heavy blows just back of the head, the
most vulnerable part of it's body, be.
cause the thinnest. Its backbone was
divided. The coil relaxed, but the pow
erful tail lashed out. breaking the boys
leg. 1t was two hours before they were
found and brought up in cart. The
lieutenant's left shoulder was crushed
beyond surgery, and the arm was use
less. Both master and boy recovered
after a spell of fever. | saw the snake,
a hideous object, black and yellow and
fifteen feet long. Such brute would
crush horse.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-01-16
FARM, GARDEN AND DAIRY.
Instructive Reading for Agricultursts.
PREPARED EXPRESSLY FOR "THE UNIvERSALIsT."

veal is reprehensible, and the Govern
ment should place it under the ban of
the laws against unwholesome food.
One finds that he must pay a good
price for it when he wants to buy real
ly good animal, whether for beef or dairy
or for breeding, This certainly furnishes
the very best indication of the sort it
will pay US to grow. Others will want
to buy the very same kind.
The fault lies somewhere. The
butchers are Offering ill-fed, bony sim
envy juiceless and tasteless truck from
their stalls, and fast weaving the people
from the desire for beef. The cry for
better cattle comes from all quarters-
cattle which will make better beef for
decent people to eat, and for which they
are willing to pay.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-01-16
NEW YEAR SONG.
BY CELIA THAXTER.

o Sorrow, go thy way and leave me!
Weary am of thee, thou sorrow old.
Unclasp thy hand from mine and cease to
grieve me,
Fade like the winter sunset dim and
cold.
Depart, and trouble me no longer
Die! Vanish with forgotten yesterdays.
Eastward the darkness melts, the light
grows stronger,
And dawn breaks sweet across the shroud-
ing haze.
Die and depart, Old Year, old Sorrow
Welcome, morning air of health and
strength
o glad New Year, bring us new hope to-
morrow,
With blossom, leaf, and fruitage bright
at length.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1897-01-16

Blessed is the man who has the gift
of making friends; for it is one of Gods
best gifts. 1t involves many thinge,
but above all, the power of going out of
ones self, and seeing and appreciating
whatever is noble and loving in another
man.--Thomas Hughes.
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
TEAMS ON THE FARM.
They should be Well Mated n. Re-
Rnrdn strength and Gnit.

CARDS strength and Gait.
An important item in getting the most
work out of the teams is to have them
mated properly. While it is very nice
to have team of the same color, size
and marking, it is common sense and
good Judgment to have them well mated
as regards strength, gait and powers of
endurance. A weak horse should not be
strong one, neither should n small horse
be compelled TO work by the side of a
large strong one, or be expected to do
as much. A young, growing horse
should not be expected to work as hard
or as long, or to do as much heavy work,
as one that is well matured and devel-
oped.
A high-spirited, quick-motioned horse
should not be compelled to work by the
side of slow, lazy animal. To make
the most out of them mate the horses,
or rather the teams, with view to
equality of gait, strength and endur-
ance. See that they are in a good thrifty
condition. Feed with muscle produc-
ing rather than a fat forming ration.
Horses that hnve been idle during the
winter, or for any length of time,
should be put to work gradually. Be
gin by moderate exercise and increase
as they become accustomed to it. This
Is especially the case with n young
horse. Many young horse is seriously,
II not permanently, injured by being
put to work too early, and worked too
hard before their bones and muscles
ire properly hardened and their joints
sufficiently strong. Until reasonably
well nsatured n young animal is not able
to bear constant and severe exercise.
a little care in mating and putting to
work will help materially in getting
the most out of the tcams.-Field and
! Farm
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
PLAT OF eo-AcRE FARM.

ly should be a meadow for pasture. The
remaining six acres will make enough
of field for the cultivation of corn,
wheat, potatoes and root crops.
The products of six acres under culti-
vation in the west where irrigation is
practiced may safely be estimated as
follows: Two acres of wheat, 100 bush.
els; one acre of corn, SO bushels; one
acre of oats, 20 bushels; one-half acre
of potatoes, $50 bushels; one-quarter
acre of beans. IS bushels; one-quarter
acre of onions, 100 bushels; one-quartcr
acre of barley, 60 bushels; one acre car
rots, turnips and rutabagas, 1000 BUSH
els. These figures are not an average in
Utah, where small farming is practiced.
The yields are reported almost double
the figures given, in some instances.
OF this siX-acre yield there would be q
surplus of each product to sell.
Three acres in alfalfa will yield two
crops Of hay and one of seed. The hay
will average two tons an acre each cut
ting, making 10 tons of hay. A three
acre alfalfa pasture will keep two cows.
two horses, 20 sheep, 20 hogs, with sew
eral calves. The pasture and hay field
should be rotated each year. After q
few years part of the cultivated area
should be planted TO alfalfa. and one of
the grass plots plowed. Fences could be
made of woven wire, and be easily re-
moved from one tract to another.
The fivc-acre orchard should have one
acre devoted to Strawberries, raspber-
ries. blackbcrries, gooseberries and cur
rants. A half acre should be planted to
about four varieties of grapes. The bal
ance of the orchard area should contain
choice trees of various fruits, with the
outer rows composed of nut-bearing
trees. These serve as protection
against wind and storm, and are as val
liable as the fruit trees. The yield upon
these several tracts cannot be esti-
mated, as so much depends upon proper
culture and the market.
Experienced farmers in Utah who
practice intensive cultivation give the
following figures on yields to the acre:
Strawberries, $500 to $1,000; small
fruits, $500 to $500; apples, 400 to 600
bushels. The stone fruits produce in,
proportion 10 other varieties. One man
with three acres of grapes reports an
average yield of $3.50 an acre every year.
The grapes are sold green, made into
wine and raisins. Peaches are sold as
green fruit and evaporated.
The 2O-acre farmer can pay all his
expenses. ride in nice carriages, wear
good clothes. support and educate his
family, and save from $500 to $1,000 .
year for the time of need. This cannot
be accomplished by wild speculation.
1t requires a careful attention to the
details of the little form. No hard,
shaving physical labor is required. Why
should men toll and worry over their
thousands of acres and come out be-
hind at the end of the year when tho
new agriculture shows them how to 1.-Two
happy and contcnted on a 2O-acre farm?
joel Shoemaker, in Farm and Fireside.
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
HANDY MANURE CART.

chine wheels, and as they were so far
apart l could not conceive of them as
belonging to Inover-cspecially at this
time of year-so concluded to investi-
gate it II l could succeed in tracing
the tracks to the hiding place of the OBJ
ject in question.
On arriving in sight of the barn l
found the object of my search. 1t proved
to be a cart placed on. an old pair of
moving machine wheels. And'the farm
er, at that moment, had it backed up
to his stable door and was loading it
with manure. Every few mornings
when the box was full he hitched his
team to the curt and drove to the field to
unload.
The rough pen sketch accompanying
this will show its construction. In size
he box is about six feet long and five
feet wide and two feet deep. - C. L..
Reamer, in Ohio Farmer.
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
TwENTY-AcRE FARMS.
In the Irrigated Districts Of the West
u. -TheY Pay = BanAnauaA Rrnlf

In the IrriGated Districts Of the West
y. They Pay = Handsome Pre1t.
1ntensive soil culture has become tia
rule in some sections of the west. One
man cannot irrigate and cultivate more
than 25-acre tract. This area must be
carefully handled to make good in
come, yet many farmers are learning
that there is more on 20 acres than for.
merly on quarter section. The 20.
acre farm is destined to be the future
home of independence. Men who ate
tempt more than this will be specula-
tors, with the chances for or against
success according to the market fuctua-
tions. The day OF speculations in farm
ing has pusscd, and the man who seeks
n comfortable home must produce some
of everything possible on the very
smallest area.
A 20-acre farm might be divided into
seven very convenient lots. The house
and lawn should occupy one acre. and
be inclosed by neat picket or wire
fence. One acre should be fenced sepa-
rate and kept for a garden. The BARN
yard and corral need occupy but one
acre An orchard of five acres, with a
small corner cut out for a poultry
house, would be sufficient. Three acres
sown to grass to be cut each season for
hay would yield an abundance. A SINH
lar tract of three acres fenced separate
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
AMONG THE POULTRY.

Four ducks are plenty for one drake.
Usually fat fowls are uncertain breed
ers.
Dark feathers usually cover a dark
skin.
With early broilers sex cuts no
figure.
Lazy hens lay on fat, but busy hens
lay eggs.
If breeding for profit breed to please
the market.
Dry-picked poultry generally brings
the best price.
Coal oil applied to the roosts will kill
ail kinds of parasites.
Hens often fail to lay In winter be-
cause they are too fat.
Hens that are laying regularly shorld
have n little extra food.
Provide the laying hens with plenty
OF shell-producing material y
Tobacco stems put in with the straw
In the nests will prevent lice.
Early hatched chickens should ~
get chilled this month, or brood IL.
eases will be the result.
MIX. fresh or sour, buttesmtlIfs
skinned milk. mixed with meal NA1so
a good feed for poultry. &
The best and most natural 1oce toe,
the poultry houssois dry sastAs -
clean and dry.st. Louss nsg11
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
THE FARMING WORLD.
PUSHING THE LAMBS.
How n Rapid Growth Can be Main
taimed Readily.


taimed Readily.
The principal object to be secured in
faising early lambs for market is to
mature fine animal of good size and
condition as early as possible. Earli-
ness and good weight are the two prin-
cipal items to be secured, and care
should be taken to secure these as rapid
iy and as economically as possible.
One important item is to give the
lambs an early start. The first few days
is the most important time, and if by
after treatment will entirely overcome
the effects. 1t should be kept warm and
dry, and the dam should be fed and
cared for in a way that will best enable
Ter to supply plenty of good milk.
When the ewes are fed liberally with
ground feed and the troughs are of suf-
ficient length to admit of the lambs eat
ing by the side of their dams, the lambs
will learn to eat when very young.
Whenever they have learned to eat
fairly well. 4 separate place should be
provided for them, where they can be
fed by themselves. This place should
be arranged so that the lambs can run
in and out at will. They should be fed
in this pen at least twice day. Wheat
bran, chopped feed, oil meal, combined
with corn meal, makes good coinbina-
tion.
While it is an item to feed liberally.
it can hardly be said to be good plan
to keep feed before them all the time.
The quicker they can be taught to
eat and the better they are fed the bet
ter growth it will be possible to secure,
and the less drain it will be upon the
ewes.
By feeding the ewes literally so that
they can supply plenty of milk, and
feeding the lambs literally, n quick
growth can be readily maintained, and
usually the earlier they are ready for
market and the better their condition
the higher price it is possible to obtain.
N. j. Shepherd, in Western Rural.
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
TARIFF NOT THE ISSUE.
Populist Members Of the House Issue a
Address Which Advocates Free Silver.

Popuiist Members of the House Issue an
Address Which Advocates Free Silver.
WASHINGTON, March 30.-A joint
caucus of the populist members of the
senate and house was held last night
to discuss the course of that party
toward the tariff bill. AS result an
address was issued which says that the
tariff has been the battledoor and shut
tlecock of politics for more than 100
years, and its final settlement is more
distant than when the controversy be-
gan. The country, it states, has always
experienced hard times when there
was contraction of the money vol
ume. no matter whether the tariff was
high or low. 1t says that the most di-
rect and effective method to supply
the deficiency would be to restore sill
yer and increase the circulating medi-
um SO as to restore the level of prices
which existed prior to the demonetiza-
tiOn of that metal
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02

ly all the physicians. of Guthrie have
gohe TO the scene of disaster.
DEATH LIST AT O'CLOCK.
The following is the list OF the dead.
70 far known at / o'clock:
MR. AND MRS. WOODMAN.
MRS. HENRY MITCHELL.
MRS. TOM SMITH.
ATTORNEY JOHN DAWSON.
F. DE MOFF.
EMMA DRESSINGER.
d. C. JOHNSON AND WIFE.
MRS. PHILIP JOHNSON AND
CHILD.
MRS. DIR. LEE.
A. w. KELLER AND WIFE.
UNKNOWN WOMAN AND BABY.
FIVE UNKNOWN CHILDREN.
FATALLY INJURED.
Among the fatally injured are:
Arthur Jewett
Peggy johnson.
Mrs. Frank Mccall.
: d. c. Gooding
Maggie Reaves
Andrew Asher and wife.
Mrs. Cullum.
Jennie Woodworth.
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
GEN. RIVERA CAPTURED.
Maceo's Successor In Cuba Spanish Pr
Oner-His Fate Certain.

Maceo's Successor In Cuba spanish Pris-
Oner-His Fate Certain.
HAVANA. March 30.-Gen. Ruiz
Rivera, who succeeded Gen. Maceo as
commander of the insurgent forces in
Pima del Rio and is considered next in
Importance to Gen. lIaximo Gomez,
was car tured yesterday morning after
he haa been severely wounded, with
his chief of staff, Col. Pacallo,
and his adjutant, Lieut.. Terry.
The last named died from wounds
caused by Spanish shell soon after
ward. The two former were taken to
San Christobal, where they will be
held for a short time and then may be
brought here for trial. That death
will be their portion is beyond ques-
tion.
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
FIRE ADDS ITS HORRORS
Victims Caught In tho Ruins burned. IN,
Living with the Dead.

Guthrie. o. T.. March 31.-At o'clock
this morning twenty-one dead bodies
have been taken from the ruins at Chan
dler. scventy-fve to hundred persons
are badly injured. and dozen or more
Of these are reported dying. In addi-
ton to these dead. injured. and dying.
IT II believed that there are at least a
score or more Of dead buried beneath
the wrecked buildings. Several OF the
wrecked buildings have taken fire, and
the debris 10 burning hercely. Many OF
the injured have been burned to death
while pinned fast under the debris. In
one building It is reported, five injured
people were burned to death. and at an
other place the incinerated bodies of
three unknown children have been taken
out All the physicians OF the town,
fave pne, met death In the. storm. Near
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
Say. the Road Is An Right.

NEW YORK, March 30.-President
George J. Gould of the Missouri Pacific
railroad made the following statement
yesterday: II regard the decline of
the Missouri Pacific stock as simply the
effect of the supreme court decision in
the transmissouri case, of which the
bears are taking advantage. All ru-
mora and reports regarding receiver
ship for the Missouri Pacific are utterly
without fourdation," aa
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
Carried supplies TO Cub.,

PHILADELPHIA, March 20. fam
Gus filibustering steamer Laurads ar
rived in the Delaware last night after
having successfully landed the most
important expedition yet sent from
this country TO Cuba
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02

The best table fowls--the games,
Dorkings, Houdnns .nnd Langshaus-
do not have yellow legs.
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02
FOR cARTING MANURE.

Handy Continuance Fut Together b..
an Ohio Farmer.
While on recent trip through por-
ton of our county 1 saw a contrivance
hat struck me as good thing. While
nearing the home of farmer l saw
in the road the marks of moving ma
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02

Young pullets rarely make goot
mothers; old hens are better.
The Holly chieftain., 1897-04-02

When stock are kept in good, thrifty
condition, there is much less liability OF
their becoming infested with yermin.