davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09
FARMING ONE HUNDRED YEARS
AGO.

The farmers of the present day are
disposed TO cons ider that their sur
/ roundings are not desirable and that
their progress is not SO great after all.
| If we review the history of farming
century ago as penned by the writers
of that day, we will perceive that con.
siderable advance has baen made along
all these lines. One hundsed years ago
the houses even of the better class OF
farmers seldom had more than two
rooms on the first floor. In one, all
cooking and all other domestic opera
tions were carried on; the other was
the sleeping and living room. All eat
ing was done in the kitchen, and in
very warm weather portion of the
cooking and washing we're managed in
the ard. In the sleeping room were
the bedsteRds, In numOer propor6loned
TO that Of the family, while above them
was usually sorG of attic or half story,
some times plastered, more frequently
not, where the boys were sent Co sleep
rhe clothing was home spun linsey
wOolsey, the material generally bsing
spun by the house ewife, woven by the
nearest weaver, who took his pay in
corn, pigs, hay and pumpkins, return
ing the finished cloth to the sender who
proceeded without instruction, rules or
patterns to cut it into trousers and
coats for her husband and sons The
snoes of the family we're of the cOarsest
leather, and like the clothing, lacked
the fit of modern times. The diet was
as simple as the clothing. Wheat
Dread WIS only used on grand occa-
slons Hog killing time about Christ
mas was the great festival OF the year.
The houses were ventilated by cracks
in the doors, and at night were lighted
by tallow candles that stood in constant
need of snufhng and went out when
ever the door was opened or closed.
Contrast this with the labor saving
machinery of the present day, the I'M
provements In clothing, IN mouse COM
forts. and in the dwelling places them
selves and the improved methods of
husbandry, and farmers will see that
they have much to be thankful for, and
have greater opportunities presented
60 them than were presented to the
farmers of a century ago.-Southern
Farmer.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09
LIVE STOCK.
SHEEP MANAGEMENT.

Mr.. D. 8. Smiths methods: Feed
shock corn for a grain ration and all
the clover hay they will eat up clean.
up to about two months of the expected
lamb crop. Then commence feeding
bran and oats mixed in small q qlsntities
at first, but generally incrt ase the bran
and oats and decrease the shock corn
so that about two weeks before the
crop you have them on bran and oats
about one pint each morning and
evening with all the clover hay they
will eat up clean. A change to straw
c. other kind of hay is good and eaten
with a relish. Keep their sheds well
bedded, chunk of rcck salt within
their reach, and plenty of good, clean
drinking water. Give them the run of
q good-sjz d yard, or better, few hours
In the fields or pasture when the snow
is not too deep. It does the ewes lots
OF good and makes stronger lambs
Good shelter, that can be closed up in
stormy weathey and cold nights, should
be provided, and see to it that the
sheep are under it. and especially dur.
ing a cold, wet storm.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09
No. 1

creamery should be carefully looked
after. In the first place, care should
be taken to thoroughly rinse off all the
sawdust that may stick to the ice be-
fore the latter is placed in the tank.
Next, be sure when straining the milk
NOS to spill any of it into the water.
But II any gets into it, then change the
water at once; especially during warm
weather.
Every dairyman should have dairy
room or house, and it should be located
where no foul odors would be likely to
reach it.
That cleanliness is next Godliness is
especially true when applied to dairy.
ing.
F.w., w.,MosE1EY.
Clinton, Iowa.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09
AGRICULTURE. a

Toe lueal berry ground would be,
Arst, rich, sandy loam with clay sub
soil. Second. dark loan or gravelly
loan mixed slightly with clay, and a
clay subsoil, all having a southerly or
eastern slope
In every neighborhood where special
attention is given to gardening or fruit
growing there should be q horticuit tural
society. There are always some good
seed grown at The meetings, and they
help to make one eDfhI.Siaetic in the
business.
Forest leaves contain upon the aver
age, at q rough estimate, some two dol
lars worth of ferti icing material per
ton, beeide the value of the vegetable
mold they will make. They are we'll
worth the trouble of gathering and
hauling, whenever there is nothing
more important to be done.
Give your cattle salt frequently. 1t
may be taken as an indication that cat
tie need eaIt when they are seen lick
ing each other to get the briny exuda
tions from the skin. OF course, this
may become a habit. ILdIgestible
!. balls OF hair are often formed in the
stomach, which cannot but be hurtful.
Hor-es are scarce and high IN E Irope,
and buyers come here to get them
Unfortunately they cannot find them
They cBme TO our city markers only to
fad cheap, small horses. When they
find a good horse the price is high, for
our own demand for such "a twice as
great a. the supply. Neither is d sup
ply In sight.
Most of those who begin farming buy
more land than they can pay TO =, be
cause s. part payment of land leaves
good security for the balance. Then
they hnu IDnumerable expenses in pur-
chasing Tools and stock to begin opera
tlons The temptation always is to
eeonomIEa in the stock, thinking that
it ia easy TO breed up. s lme times this
is done but more often the economy in
not buying the bess stock dooms the
farmer TO the same labor and expense
OF caring for it, while it is, when grown
not worth half, or a quarter, what il
Would have been liz he had begun right
at the first.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09
CHEAP FARMS IN ENGLAND.

Farms In England are selling at a
ruinous reduction of their former value,
and in many cases cannot be sold at
all Many properties within two hours
ride of London are deserted Recently
at the sale Of L8ngdon abbey $50 acres
of land, with farmhouse, s5sOlIng,
homestead and seven modern Cot, ages.
only realized $29 500, or less than $45
per acre, Fifty years ago the property
WAS valued aG over $l0O, 900 and four
years ago it was morURaged for $40 600
In Essex county, within a days walk
of the Bank CT England, farm, which
in 1875 rented for 80 900, has for the last
seven years rented for SIS per annum,
the occupant paving the Gox as. am ount
ing to about $3.50 In many case- farms
have been sold for less than one tenth
of their value 30 years ago. Well TO
do farmers ara abandoning the business
and going 60 the colonies or to the cities
TO start life anew. M does there
seem to be any hopeful outlook for the
industry IN the future. Lord Salisbury
recently declined to receive q deputa
tion of English farmers. saying EhaS he
knew as much aOOut the wants OF the
aRFiCulturists as they could tell him,
which was no doubt true, and iE in
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09
AT rHR VERMONT STATION.
Clinton, Iowa

At the Vermont Experiment Station,
four methods of feeding corn to dairy
COWS were tried: First, the whole
plant was run through the cutter into
the silo. Second, the ears were husked,
cribbed, dried and ground, cob and all,
and fed with the stalks that had been
made into silage. Third, the corn was
cut and cured in large shocks and be-
fore feeding was run through a cutter,
ears and all. Fourth, the corn was
husked from the fodder, ground with
the cob, and fed with the stover that
was cut as needed.
Analysis showed that the loss from
each method was practically the same,
except where the shocks were left ex-
posed as the winter progressed the loss
increased Ii the silage the ears lost
more of their value than in the shock
or crib. Time and money spent RUak
ing and grinding the ears was wastedS>
as better results we're obtained when
the ears we're left on the stalks and all
run through the cutter before feeding.
The silage forms were most relished by
the COWS and the dairy product great
est.
The experiments confirm the COM
mon opinion that for dairy COWS, the
corn crop in the form of silage is more
valuable than in dry fodder and meal,
probably because it is relished more
and is eaten cleaner, but for steer feed
ing there is evidence going to show that
steers fed on shock corn run through
the cutter, ears and stalk, make better
growth than where the corn is husked
and the fodder and ears or meal is fed
separately.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09
HOME-CURkD HAMS.

AS this is the butchering season, l
will give my recipe for sugar curing
hams anC bacon On what is called the
ten day plan" I greatly prefer this
plan to the one used for over thirty
years of curing in sweet pickle. The
| advantages OF this plan are: first, 1t is
cheaper, as it does not require tight
barrel, but we cure the meat in a sugar
barrel, which cost but five cents; Sec
ond, the meat is cured in about ten
days, ready for smoking, and can then
be put away, and will give no further
trouble, and, third, ! find that cured
by this plan it is always right-neither
too salt nor fresh, and always keeps;
if the rule is followed in every detail
every piece will be cured the same.
The plan Of curing Is as follows: Rub
the meat with little salt when first
cut up, and lay it on bench or table
Co cool, and for the blood to drain from
it; in two days begin the curing pro
cess. Weigh the meat, or, if it not
convenient to weigh all, weigh two or
three average sized pieces and estimate
the weight Of the balance. For each
100 pounds weigh four pounds of salt
and two pounds Of sugar. l prefer
granulated sugar, as it will NIX with
the salt more perfectly than the soft
sugars. Some add an ounce of saltpetre,
but / prefer to omit it. Next, divide
your salt and sugar into three equal
parts by weight or measure and rub
one, third of it on the meat, rubbing it
well in where the bone has been cut
of, and on all the flesh part, pack in a
sugar barrel and leave three days; then
take the meat out and rub with another
third, beginning with the pieces that
were on top, Sd as TO get them into the
bottom of the bal rel, for the bottom
pieces will get a little more salt from
the drip.
In three days take up the meat and
use the last of the salt and sugar, OBJ
serving the same rule in packing it,
and three days more makes it ready to
smoke. As soon az we'll smoked put it
away for the summer. Ny plan of
keeping smoked meat for the summer
is to put it in paper -four sacks and
hang it TO the rafters in an attic. To
prevent the grease from soaking
through the bags, we put cut hay in
the bottom for the ham to rest upon,
and wrap the pieces we'll in old news
papers The sacks are impeTviOus TO
flies and the meat always comes out
In good condition.
A readt asks for an article on reliev-
ins choked cattle, but as in fifty years
experience on the farm have never
had An animal choke, have nothing
70 eff 81 on the suhj ct. l feed several
hundred bushels Of roots each winter,
and never cut them, as find it useless
LABOR, and l think CATTLE are quite likely
TO choke when eating roots cut INTO
triangular pieces; but they will never
choke on whole bets, as they bite out
email mouthtuls from them and do not
take 20 pieces in the mouth at once
Many of the beets this year weigh from
zen TO twelve pounds each, and the
COWS at them without trouble.
Doubtless many Of our readers are
ary
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09
DAIRY SCHOOLS.

Modern advances In dairy knowledge
have been so rapid and the inventor
has so changed the apparatus and rou-.
tine formerly in use that those who
were experts have fallen behind in the
march of events, and it is now scarcely
possible to acquire expert knowledge
in the farn diaries, where the practices
of more than a quarter OF a century
ago are still follu we'd. The esta bllshing
of dairy schools. where theoretical IN
struction as we'll as practical explana-
ton in the use of the best apparatus
could be given in accordance with the
results of the latest scientific re-
searches, therefore became necessary.
DAIRY Schools" by r. A. Pearson,
B. s., Assistant Chief of Dairy Divis'
ion, Bureau of Animal Industry eBulle'
tin No IL, Bureau of Animal Industry,
which has just been issued by the De-
partment of Agriculture, Is intended 70
spread information concerning the
good results these schools accomplish
among the dairy men who either do not
know of them or have only q vague
idea as to their purposes.
The su bject is treated under the
heads: Dairy instruction; Purposes Of.
dairy schools; Methods of conducting
dairy schools Requirements for ad-
mission, certificates and prizes, and
coet of dairy course Equipment; Ad-
vRntages of dairy course; Advantages
of dairy schools to the public; and an
Appendix, which contains statements
of the facilities for instruction il dairy
ing IN the States and Territories.
Ine illustrations COILS sg Of four fall
page plates: ~ Dairy hail, New York,
and Dairy hail, Wisconsin; ID 0nurn-
ing room and operating sepHrators,
Wisconsin; 81 PasteurIzlng milk, Illi-
nois, and cheese room, Minnesota; 90
MIX laboratory ana 1--we stock lecture
room, Minnesota Also two figures:
~ Receiving and sampllng milk, Col
lege creamery, Iowa; % College
creamery at Fargo, N. OAK.
This publication is not for miscel-
laneous distribution by the Depart
ment. bus can be secured from she
Superintendent of Documents, Unbon
Building, Washington. D. O., for -
cents Gf2A2
Cleanliness 10 nexS 90 godliness, egpe
eially N handing milk and butter.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09

Is would be hard to find any farmer
who has gone intelngently into the
sheep business, keeping good stock and
giving good care, whose profits for
the year have not been considerably
augmented. II doubtful as to the profit
in sheep, let us observe closely those
who are handling theme and see if they
are not arranging to carry still larger
fl ;cks
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09

What is usually called cold" soil is
duo mostly to excess Of water which
fiuds no outlet by sinking into it, and
is forced to evaporate from the surface
This takes 50 much heat from the soil
that vegetation will not grow readily
in it. Fl nee the cold soil ls very often
thin as vel. coming quickly to the
clay on which it rests II this clay is
underdrained air and frost will pulver-
jsa it, enabling deep rooted plants to
penetrate the soil and enrich it. So
long IS soil is filed with stagnant water
it will only support ferns and moses,
whnee rOnta run near the surface
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09

While manure from the horse stables
is commonly used for gardens because
it heats more quickly, we think that
quite as good results for most crops
will be secured by the slow, but equally
rich, COW manure. Horse manure is
always much too dry unless it has the
liquid excrement mixed with it. The
absence of moisture rather than excess
OF nitrogen is what makes it heat rap
idly. But it also makes the manure
fire fang even when it is buried in
the soil. Partly decomposed COW
manure will furnish some available
plant food at first, and will not dry up
and iniure the roots later in the season.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09

Where the peach tree is not pruned
long, slender branches form, ana these
produce fruit mainly at their outer
ends. The tree will carry much more
fruit if properly distributed, and will
produce more perfect fruit. The cut
ting will not be attended with injury
il done while the tree Is dormant. That
the peach trees should be left to grow
at will is an ourgrown idea.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09

Eocn or Che 0bOUe-eaTIed papers are
gsgeestad TO keep the list stG'IdiUg on
sFss 6rst page and odd others, proUEded
E5se are dagly elected. A1lY paper fGS!-
5RE 10 Gd0ocate the OcGln platform lUttl
Sc dropped from the list promptly. Our
Eeo1Ls can 1gOJU see sgI1t papers are
sssh22s aar3 ~ their i4lterest
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09
rsE NATIONAL FARMERS ALI.
ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.

President Mann Page, Brandon,
Va.
Vice ce-President-H. Q. Snavely, Leb
non, Pa.
Secretary -Treasurer-R. A. South
EoFth. Denver, Col.
EXECUTIVE BOARD.
Il l.. Loucks, Huron, 8. D.; w. 2.
kicker. Cogan Station. Pa j. r. VII
it's. Kansas; W. L. Peeke, Ga.
JUDICIARY.
B. A. Southworth, Denver, Colo.
e. ". Beck, Alabama.
@. D. Davie. Kentucky.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09

"The Progress
siYe Farmer ID q
good paPer--hs
above the aver
age land possibly
the best advertis-
ing medium in ~.
c." Printers Ink.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09
C,zTs CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALI
ANNE

CzTa CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALlII-
ANCE.
President DR.. Cyrus Thompson,
RIchlands, ..
Vice President-Jno. Graham, Ridge
=. .tarv-Ir v-Ireasurer-W. 8. Barnes,
Tectlrer-J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City,
steward-Dr. V. N. seaweII, Villa
I Ch'spiain-Rev. T' P. Fl. Massey, Dur
ham. u. @.
Dc Door -keeper-Geo. T. Lane, Greens
boro, Y. 9.
Asslasant Door keeper-Jas. Z. Lyon,
Durham. n. &.
Sergeanr-at-A -Arms-A. D. z. Wallace.
Rutherfor ton, n. Z.
sta}e Business Asent-T. Ivey, Hills
eoro, II. Z.
Trustee Business Agency Fund-W
AZ. Granam. MachpelRh, n. 4.
axHUUTlvE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH
o. SsOLIEA- FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE
A. r. Hileman. oncord, n. O.; N.
o. English, Trinity, N c.; James M
MewOOrne. KIns on, N. Z.
E+Ara ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE.
John Beady, Gatesville, N. O.; DR..
IF Barrell. Whiteville, n. G.; 7. J.
Gambler. Acton. N. Q.
Tegta Carolina Reform Press Association.
O@cers-.J. L. Ramsey, PTestdeUt 4;
sAaFSoR Butler, Vice President W. -.
RgF~@as.- 2ae~s4GTB,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09

The ProgreS-
aiwe Farmer % q
good paper---t&r
above the aver
age and possibly
the best adVerti9-
fnR medium in ~.
c" Printers Ink.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-02-09

Cleanliness is nexS 60 godliness, espS
eially N handing milk and butter.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-09-28

Professional aud business mon buy season
ticket three months Si5,00i one month
500.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-09-28

day and did not return till nearly night.
When he came he went directly 10 his
mother : room. The door was ajar. She
was sitting in the twilight rocking
gently. Under the table was ball of
finished carpet rags. She had been read
ing and the open Testament lay On her
Lap. A grav sock. well into the leg, had
slipped To tho floor.
she did not hear him. She was singing
softly to the tune OF Hebron:
Thus far the Lord hath led me on.
Thus far his care prolongs my davs.
And every evening shall make known
Some fresh memorial OF his grace.
Ii was her old twilight hymn.
de closed the door gently and went to
Lizzie.
Yes" he said when be told her about
It, Mother had one happy day, any
way. can SEQ that she ia glad to get
back TO tho old neigh borhood. "
Lizzie " said John suddenly, "how
did you happen to have that yarn here!'
You cont knit
How did you happen to want yarn
socks" she rctorted. You don't wear
them.
Then they both laughed
What do you suppose mother said
about you last nightg' he asked.
What did she say" said Lizzie cur
iously.
"She said John. you have good
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-09-28

was surveying it critically. Dotted mus
lin would have been prettier, she said,
''but tho bleached cotton was what
mother had. And here they come
They let her rest awhile in the sitting
room before taking her TO her room.
When she entered IL her eyes fell on the
carpet
"Why. Lizzie" she said, "ain't this my
carpetY Why"-she was looking around
the room now Lizzie, these are my
things that were sold. Where did you
get themY' Her voice was tense and
almost stern.
"I bought them back, mother They
were all In the neigh hboI hood and every
body was glad 10 lot me have them when
they knew what j wanted them for. L
thought you would feel more at home II
you had them-motherY httie
anxiously.
Mrs Bascom had dropped into chair
aud covered her eyes witE her hand. she
looked up now with tears streaming down
her cheeks
Like them?" she said. why. child.
I've Just longed for these things / didn't
know how my heart was bound To them
or never would have let them go. I've
, tried TO make myself feel how childish 1t
was and never told "a soul how felt,
but. oh. Lizzie, We been so homesick for
my thinRsV'
She went from one thing to another
, "How good that bed will feel this win
| ter" she said. And here's my little
stand table. too and-Lizzie, amt that
| my TestamentY
| 'Yes'm 1t was in one of those drawers
when tho table was sold, and we never
| knew It,
ANA Sally thought she had burned IL
ND. She bought mo nice Oxford Bible.
| with a lot of maps and Paul's missionary
! Journeys in IL, but when people get old
| they don't seem tO care so much about
studying the Bible as about reading IL.
And this has SO many passages marked.
| Heres the text Sister AIMS funeral ser
mon was preached from -and fathers-and
my little Hepry's. oh, I'm glad TO get
| this Testament back.
They were sitting around the fire later.
"Mother, said John, II hope you
haven't forgotten how tn knit. I've been
! thinking how good pair of your warm
socks would feel these cold mornings"
Mrs Bascom TUNED eagerly TO her
daughter. lis there any yarn in the
| house LiZZieY
May be | can find some. )" said Lizzie,
mendaciously. She had bought some the
day before in anticipation Of this. "pll
look tomorrow.
"Ill have YOU a pair bv the last Of the
week, son. I've seen the time when
! could turn off nv sock in day, but
| reckon I'm a little out OF practice now. u
"John you needn't put mother at work
| quite so soon. l want her TO help me
with my blue stripe first. Haven't you
colored that stripe yetY'
MN. | don't know how.
".Iohn, said his mother briskly, "ge,
me some Prussian blue tomorrow. wei
go right at it. Fioselle had been hard
To manage. but she was on familiar
ground now.
Lizzie went about her supper after
| bil "a fxyn
$50 you like il. do you. motherg" sait
John. seeing her glance rost lovingly OF
the familiar objects.
Mrs. Bnscom hal laid a trembling hant
III his
John, she said brokenly. Il don't fee
like | ever could leave this room" ;"
His hand closed on hers.
"You never shall" he said. This Il
your home from now on. :"
John Bascom went to town the mex
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-09-28
Trains Leave Oakland Beach,:

For Providsnce-5;57 I'm, 6:57 a. M. 7;57 a. NJ,
S:22 am, 8.57 a, M, 1857 a. M, 1857 p m
2;57 p. M, 4:57 p. M, 6;57 p M, 9:57 D. m.
SUNDAYS-8;57 a. No. 1857 a, NJ, 1857 p, M,
257 p. H., ASH p. m.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-09-28
HOTEL AND COTTAGES.
OAKLAND BEACH.
TEN MILES FROM PROVIDENCE.
Splendid Carriage and Bicycle Road.

Trains Leave Providence:
For Oakland Beaoh-6;20 a. M, 500 a. M, 1920
a. NJ, 1920 p. M, 220 p. m, 4:20 p, NJ
5:0i p, m., $40 p. m, 6;20 .. m, 7:20p, Nj.
ll:20pm.
SUNDAYS 800 a. n., 1920 a. M, 1920 p. nj
2;20 p m, 4:20 p. m.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-09-28

wife, and she's got heap Of feeling.
Ard what did you say" she asked
arahly, but with brimming eyes.
II said, She has So " he auswere',
emphatically.
And then John Bascom did what he
did not often do except when he came
home from the St Louis tair-he kissed
his wife Caroline Ii. Stanley. in Il Q
independent
To Cure Constipation Forever.
Take Cascarets Candy Cathartic iOc or 25c
III c. c. c. fail TO cure druggists refund money