The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-07-18
INDEMNITIEs OF WAR.
Amounts Paid the Victor In Some
Noted Conflicts,

/ ASui the 1fnCdBO IfIneS-t herald.
Pending peace negotiations between Tur-
key and Greece bring up the question OF
war indemnities. 1t is presumed that the
| powers will not consent to any material
cession Of territory by Greece to the vic
! torious Turks. say, for instance, that of
the province of Thessaly, though a
boundary correction" between the two
countries will no doubt be had. 1t is
| quite probable that the payment of a
war indemnity will be the principal re-
| ward of the victor, and IL is not impossl-
| BILE that Greece will be compelled to pawn
| It's navy, or the best part of It, with Tur-
| key until the indemnify Is paid, because
| in point of navy the Ottoman empire is
| sadly deficient, and what is perhaps q
still more potent reaSOn-the navy is about
| the only thing of value which Greece ha.
to pawn Its customs duties are pledge
| for the payment of interest upon anO
| gradual retirement of the national debt
| The practice that the victor eXacts pay
| ments in cash from the Vanquished il
! the great tournaments of nations is
modern origin. In former days the ces
| sion OF territory by the losing party wa
| almost the only form of war indemnity
| exacted. Thus. after the war OF 1854, van
| quished Denmark paid no war indemnity
| to Prussia and Austria. The indepenG
| ence Of Scheswig- Holstein was the en-
| sought. Schieswig was freed from tn
| sovereignty and Holstein from the suze
4 rainty of Denmark, and both became a
| Schleswig- Hols teinA an integral part
the then existing German Federation.
This independence of Schleswig- Hostel
| continued until 1866, when 1t formed or,
| Of the causes of war between Prussia an
| Austria. The latter was beaten in a fou
weeks war and Schl, swig II Is eil became
| a Prusslan province. Aus ria was no Ions
/ er a part of Germany.
| The largest war indemnity ever paid wa
| that exacted by victorious Germany from
| France after the war of lS70-7l This wa
the now famous five milliards," or 5000,
! 100000 francs, besides the payment
which France had 70 restore to German
the entire Alsatia and the greatest par
Of Lorraine, wrested by Louis XIV iron
the disintegrating TeutonIc nations 2
| years before
Much doubt was expressed outside
| France as to whether the latter would be
| able to pay this colossal amount. How.
ever, Adolph Theirs, the first president O.
the French republic, succeeded within tW
| years not only in raising this sum. bu
the popular subscription for the loan-cou
| fined to France alone-was fourteen time
| the amount asked for.
AS a matter of fact, France did pa
much more than the five millards on IL
count of the war. From the moment Ger
| man soldiers crossed the French fronuie
to the storming of BelfOrt by Gen Wer
| der exactly twenty-eght weeks elapsed
| The highest strength of the German army
| can be figured in round numbers at LOCO
| 900 men-the official statistics gives ISL 90
| at the opening and 937 900 as the close OF
! the war. The loss Of the German arm,
was 12S,0O0 men, of whom 10000 wer
| killed in battle. Consequently, Germany
/ 10, ,I,sfr FOR aaa
active service $35, and for each killed sol
der $500.
After Prussia in 1866 had been victoriou.
| In an incredibly short time in the wa
| with Austria and the German Federation
it received a war indemnity of SAL, 10000
cash and $,7500O0 for acquisitions of pro-
| visions during the campaign. The wa.
lasted one month. Prussia had 4S7 900 sol
! diers in the field and lost 1900. BY the
| war indemnity the victor received for each
active man in the field SIS per week ano
! for each man killed 1920 However, the
expenses of the war for Prussia were
| very high, not less than 100000, SO
that the indemnity did not cover one-hah
/ of the expenses
Japan received after her victorious
| campaign against China, which laste4
nine months, and in which the war
strength OF Japan was 5000 men, only
| $1s5,00, 900 cash and as territorial reward
|
| Islands. China owes 1t to Russia that II
escaped so easily, because Japan was or
| iginally bent 10 fashion its demands after
| the example of Germany In the war
/ against France. Thus, Japan received
| $50 per week for each active soldier. The
/ value of the acquired territory is very
problematical, because IL has next to no
! cultivation, and Japan will have 10 sacri-
flee many millions taels TO make the ISL
ands productive.
Italy got very cheaply out of its unfor-
! tunate expedition against Abyssinia. Klns
Humbert relinquished his claim to the
suzerainty over the country and paid the
negus $4,000 In cash.
The war Of 1877 between Prussia and
| Turkey was ended by the treaty OF San
| Stefano, afterwards revised by the peace
| congress OF Berlin. Varquished Turkey re-
| linquished the suzerainty of the sultan
! over Roumania and Servia: il ceded Bos-
! MIA and Herzegovina to Austria; guaran-
| teed the independence OF Bulgaria and
| consented TO the autonomy OF Roumelia.
| However, the Prince of Bulgaria remains
| In the relation Of a vassal to Turkey. Be
| sides these losses to its sovereignty and
suzerainty, Turkey had 10 consent to the
addition OF portion OF Thessaly 70
| Greece. This clause was not carried out
until 1851 and the territory involved Is
the same which Turkey now demands re-
stored.
The cash indemnity to be paid to Russia
by the porte was fixed az sl60,O00,000: Rus
STA had originally demanded 100000. 600
Consequently Russia only received S6.25
per week for each man In the field, and II
win hardly be found willing to favor a
very large indemnity TO be paid by Greece
10 Turkey.
England received from china two in
| IDENTITIES; one OF S2O,O00.0O0 for the indem-
nifty OF opium merchants whose goods
were destroyed by the Chinese authorities.
and one OF 100000 90 for the little unpleas-
antness IA 1850
Canada received not one cent indemnity
FOR the invasions OF the Fenians which
were made from United states territory,
though the dominion was very clamorous
that England should support is claims at
Washington. But England. for reasons
best aSnown to itself. steadily refused to
| do so, because the loss sustained by
| Canada was not worth mentioning" FL
nally England did consent 10 guarantee n
Canadian loan Of si6.000.o0O upon Canada
agreeing TO drop all claims for indemnity
on account of the Fcnian invasions.