davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1897-12-31

FORT WORTH, Tex, Dec. 2s.-The to-
tai of the shipments Of cattle this sea-
son Is enormous. Carefully compiled
statistics show there have been shipped
ont Of Texas about 80, COO head Of
which %, 600 were sent over the trail
from the noH-infected districts Of Tex
IS to Oklahoma azd mt on grass
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1897-12-31

OSS Lost springs WITH
sobs replying
Unto weary autumn's signing,
While those we love are dying
Every year.
The days have less OF gladness.
Every year;
The nights more weight Of sadness
Fair springs no longer charm Us,
The winds and weather harm US,
The threats OF death alarm Us,
Every year
There come new cares and sorroE,
EyeTy year;
DARK days and darker morrows,
Every year;
The ghosts OF dead loves haunt Us.
The ghosts u changed friends taunt US,
And disaTpOintments daunt Us,
Every year.
To the past 90 more dead faces,
Every year;
As The loved leave vacant places,
Every year;
Everywhere the sad eyes meet Us,
In the evenings dusk they greet Us,
And TO come to them entreat Us,
Every year.
You are growing DID," they tell US
Every year;
You can win no new affection,
You have only recollection,
Deeper sorrow and detection
Every year"
Too trueI-Life's shores are shifting,
Every year;
And We are seaward drifting,
Every year;
Old places. changing, fret US,
The living more forget US,
There are fewer to regret US,
Every year.
But the truer life draws higher,
Every year;
And its morning star climbs higher,
Every year;
Earth's hold on Us grows slighter,
And the heavy burthen lighter,
And the dawn immortal brighter,
Every year.
Albert Pike, in Washington Post.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1897-12-31
II g PenaIon Ruie.

WASHINGTON, Dec 2s--A new order,
the enforcement of which it is believed
viii expedite the disposition OF pension
claims now pending, has been issued
by Commissioner Evans Of the pension
Office. It is as follows: Hereafter
claims for increase Of pension will not
be considered within II months from
the last action-sllOwance or re5ee-
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1897-12-31

Kansas CITY. No, Dee 2S.-Dr. J..
D. Goddard, under sentence Of &c years
for the murder Of F. J. Jackson, was
admitted to bail Of SIS, 500 by Special
Judge Longan- He furnished 1t and
was released Goddard has taken an
a9peal to the supreme court
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1897-12-31
F-rtrerne Excitement Caused Death.

SAX. FRA5cIsCo, Dec. 2s.-Jealousy
prompted a japanese called George
Taught. TO Ere four shots at Mary Cos
tellO, Spanish, in low lodging house.
None of the bullets struck her, bnt she
fell dead. Physicians said that exc
IRENE excitement had superindueed
crisis of heart disease.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1897-12-31
cHINA.s TRouRlE

Senator Morgan, OF Alabama, Believes the
United States Must InterFene.
NEW YORK, Dec. 2S.-Aecording to q
Washington correspondent OF the Her
aid, Senator Morgan, Of Alabama, Of
the committee on foreign relations, said
last night that it would be impossible
for the United States to remain com
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1897-12-31
a Treat the Cause OF Three DeathG.

BARBOURYLLEs Ky, Dec S9--Win
Burdy, James Philpot and Bob Gregory
were drinking IN a saloon IN Man
chester last night when PhilpOt called
upon Burdy 10 stand treat Burdy
declared that he had already done so
Philpot said he lied and Burdy knocked
him down Philpot rose, drew a re-
volFer. and wounded Gregory and
Burdy, and was stabbed By the latter.
All died later
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1897-12-31
GAGE WILL STAY.

The Rumor That He Would Resign
Arose from an Informal Remark.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1897-12-31

HALL live TO rue
II -
''Well, aw cannot
go again my feel
IN s. AW cannot
h e Up not lOvin'
thee.
NAV, an tha'
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1897-12-04

The institution has piped water from
a spring, located about a mile from the
buildings, which furnishes the drinking
water. Mr.. Bradley has tapped the
pipe, and has used the water.
Governor Waller asked Mr.. Brad
ley if he paid for this water, and MI
Bradley said he did not, but was will
ing to, or cut off the pipe.
Superintendent Coburn again took the
chair, and said there had been fewer
boys in the institution during the past
two or three years than for some time
previous.
Ex-Governor Waller asked why it was
then, that the payroll of the institution
was $2,100 higher than in the previous
years Mr.. Coburn said that he did nor
know, but thought there must be some
mistake in the committees figures.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1897-12-04
AGnd-sent blessing.

Mr. B. F. Wood of Easton. Pa was a
great sufferer from Organic Heart Disease.
He never expected to be we'll again, but
DR.. Agnew's Cure for the Heart was his
Others; hear him: 81 was for fifteen years
a great sufferer from heart disease, had
smothering spells, palpitation, pain in left
side, and swelled ankles. Twenty physi-
clans treated me, but got no relief. l used
Dr.. Agnew's Cure for the Heart. One dose
relieved me inside Of thirty minutes. Seven
bottles cured me- Sold by e. A. Gessner,
e. Hewitt & Co.-21 ct
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1897-12-04

Special sale of poultry on Saturday,
December 4, at the New Haven Public
Market. Chickens and 10 cents, ducks
s and 10 cents, geese 10 and IL cents.
Harry c.. Booth, Manager. d3 1t
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1897-12-04
MINIATURE ALMANAC.

SUN RISES, 1902 MOON SETS, Hon WATER
SUN SETS. 4;23 l:28 Si3
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1897-12-04
Patent Stove Brick are Warranted az /

Millions Of suffering women should know
that those painful Irregularities peculiar to
the sex can be relieved at once with Aplo-
line. Price 81. Druggists. APPS tn tn sa tt
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1897-12-04
DEATHS.

HINE-In Southbury, December I'd, 1897,
Deacon Elllotte l.. Hine, aged 70 years.
Funeral December 9Th, at p. M. Friends
invited TO attend
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1897-12-04
CONNECTICUT PUBLIC SCHOOL
SUPERVISORS OF MUSIC

VIII hold their first annual meeting
this afternoon at the Boardman high
school. Prof. Jepson will be present
with several classes to illustrate music
al methods as taught in our schools.
The meeting is called at 1880 p. m The
children who will take part represent
all grades Of every school. The occa-
sion will be one of considerable inter-
est to the public at large.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1897-12-04
TOWN MEETING CALL.

TOWN MEETING CALL.
4, meeting. Of the Town Of New Haven
VIII be held on Tuesday, December 7tha
To elect FIVE Selectmen and Ave Town
COnstables who shall serve until the first
week day of June, 1898.
Boxes for the reception Of ballots will be-
opened on Tuesday, the ,7th day Of Decem-
until O'Clock p. m. OF the same day at the
following places, to wit:
First DiStrict-161 Grown street.
Second District--City Supply House, COZ
ner Oak and Spruce streets. ~ ~ n,
Third District-99 Congress avenue.
Fourth Distrct-52 Cedar street.
Fifth DISTRICTS Olive street.
Sixth District-176 Chestnut street.
Eighth District-Bicycle Academy, corner
State and Eld streets.
Ninth District--63 Foote street.
Tenth District-298 Elm street
Twelfth District-Corner Grand avenue
and Bright street.
| Vile
| Fifteenth District 2o5 Forbes avenue.
| Dated at New Haven, Conn.,, DecembeH
I'd, 1897. PHILIP HUGO,
I EoRERT r Iu BhRRM1oS &
! JOSEPH G, KELLY, II
| THEODORE @. SUCHER,
JOSEPH B: CUNNINGHAM,
| Selectmen of the Town of New Havens
| Pursuant to the foregoing call, the electa
ors Of the Town of New Haven are hereby
| warned and notified to appear at their res
| spective voting districts at the time and
New Haven, Conn, December Cd, 1897.
FREDERICK n. BRETHAUHR,
do At Town Clerk !.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1897-12-04
SAFE SHAVERS.

SAFE SHAVERS.
OUTS and curses are strangers to men
who shave with the Fox Safety Razor.
Cuts the hair not the hide. Profit price,
$500 Our price, $3.50. We give trading
d46S LINSLEY & LIGHTBOURN.
The Lehi banner. [volume] (Lehi, Utah) 1891-1917, 1897-05-25
TUESDAY. MAY 25, 1897.
ans, THAT AND TIE OTHER

1HIS. THAT AND TIE OTHER
james HAYWOOD has been commits
stoned notary public.
Some bridges were washed away by
high water last week.
Mrs c. L. seabright was in Provo on
Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. II. L. Osterloh went TO
PROVO on Saturday.
James Roberts is suffering from a
severe attack of grip.
DR.. Seabright intends going east early
next mouth.
Mrs. Hattie Wing was in Salt Lake
OH business last week.
The Sunday schools are preparing for
the anniversary 10 be held next month.
G. y. Child viii address the n I. A.
OF the North Branch in the near future.
Provo seems promising held for
burglars TSo stores were broken into
and robbed ona night las week
Tie splendid new bath house Mt
Beck's will be opened to the public next
Monday.
Hon. A. j. Evans was one OF the
speakers at the conference at Provo ON
Sunday.
The last issue OF the Mcrcur SIiLer
containg a vivid story Of haunted
mine over there.
Pres. Eel, Ct the Utah Press Associ-
alton lett Tor trip to Denver on Sun.
day night
The masons have comp eted Tie brick
work on the residence OF James Kirk
ham.
The local merchants have boea Lcp
busy cntertaihlps tho lce,i,c Crmnrcrs
lately
See that your children mNaya weas.
7,a..I,
Hhe many '1ehd- q. Join ISL. ioieu !
, .''" ~
~, 2"
III ''' ,'.' "'o.s' i'S AI
'''.' "''y -.'.' '."l NA e'"''ate
The Lehi banner. [volume] (Lehi, Utah) 1891-1917, 1897-05-25

was in Lehi on Thursday.
b. w. briggs of Pleasant Grove was q
visitor to Lehi on Wednesday.
On Thursday son was born to Mr.
and Mrs. James Gardner
A first born has arrived ut the home
OF Mr. and Mrs. Sam Hansen.
John Austin, Jr. nm wife were in Lehi
last week.
Some of the school teachers attended
the convention at Provo on Saturday,
Mr.. Cpllett Of Pleasant Grove, formerly
druggist in Lehi, was in town last
week.
Mr.. and Mrs. II. A. Vallez arrived
home from visit east on Thursday
evening.
Field and Ohran are putting up the
blick work for the addition to George
Austin's residence.
Joseph Kirkham has received call
To go to England on a mission. He ex-
poets 10 leave early in August.
Last week n marriage license was
granted to George G. Webb and Lizzie
Gray OF Lehi.
Joseph Coates received his expected
letter from Box Y last week calling him
on . mission to California.
Sam lohes came in from IbApah on
Wednesday to visit friends and relatives
In Iehi. lie will remain about ten
days. lie and his brother Ted intend
in investing in ranch out there when
he returns.
Mr.. j 7. Pat.en, the fruis tree in
spector. was in Lehi on Wednesday. He
appointed George Conner, John Wood
house and JAG. I. Powell as deputies
and sprnyers. He says so far the
people OF Leli have shown more interest
than anywhere in the county.
Thursday morning Newburn Butt,
Chris Anderson and S. w. Ross left for
a trip to the Six Mile mining district
where they will repair for about ten
days pr respecting and doing development
work. The two former own promising
cleim out there and expect 10 bring in
load OF ore.
The creek has been tearing around at
a irightlul rate lately. The angry
waters have been carrying down tons of
sand ard grayeland people anxious to
get used to placer mining can soon get
little experience il not much mineral
Not being satisfied with washing a
goodly portion OF the everlasting bills
down this way, il has tried to carry the
bridges into the lake where they might |
serve Us iood for carp.
Marshal Iaomas reports that tramps !
have been more than usually numerous
tie las lew d.ys aud q large colony has
been rhabiuHg The grove near the r.
a. - 'lup6t Word was received from
sa9 i s,oris tha; ne Wauship poss.
,iao oahcr lad bear teea 90 I.ehi
/ q ..... I.. rl .... ,g .
The Lehi banner. [volume] (Lehi, Utah) 1891-1917, 1897-05-25
THE LGHI BAN NE.R
Lohi. UtaA County. Utah
LEHI MUNICIPAL OFFICERS.
Mayor-Mosiah Evans.

Mayor-Mosiah Evans.
Councilmen-John Roberts Jr., Obey
Elhngson, Richard Bradshaw Andrew
A. Peterson, John S. Willis.
Recorder-Joh ohm f. Ross.
Tredsurer-James Harwood.
Mdrshal-Joseph a. Thomas,
City Jus.ice--L. q. Willis
School TgUsTEEs.
Jumes B. Gaddie, John l.. GLIB. James
J.. Carter.
The Lehi banner. [volume] (Lehi, Utah) 1891-1917, 1897-05-25

Advertisements In tina cohrln Ten cents mr.
tfRe first las rtir fcs cents per iiIe each dddi
tionai Insertion.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-01-27

the head, which the doctors Informed
me We're due to neuralgc symptoms, I
determined to try Paine's celery COM
pound, on the advice Of friend.
ITO my surprise | found an entire
change going on after taking a little
over three bottles and | began to feel
like a new man. ! have for the past 10
or II years suffered from pains in the
back and other symptoms of derange-
ment of the kidneys and bladder. and
have spent many sleepless nights in
consequence. but now / sleep sound,
thanks to the common sense which in
duced me to try Paine's celery COM
pound l will ever praise the marvel
Gus potency of this valuable medicine,
and at any time will be glad to give
personal testimony at my address,
should any sufferer care to call, as l
consider it selfish to keep such a bless
ing housed up, and think the proprie
tors of Paine's celery compound deserV-
ing of more thanks than | can convey
in words for making me a new man"
A word to other sufferers:
Go to your druggist for a bottle of
Paine's celery compC und, and allow
him to sell you nothing else!
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-01-27

the contrary, that special acts We're nee
essary to create formations and that
there was no link missing in the chain
of evidence.
Among the maps shown We're profile
maps of the New York Central and
ontario and Western railroads, which
had been loaned for the occasion; geo.
logical maps of New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania and the United States;
relief map of attitudes, and strata
map, the whole forming a collection
quite rare, The views We're admirable.
In the course of the lecture Mr.. Fisher
cited evidences of a one-time great sea
whose northern shore extended across
New York, and bending southwark,
formed an eastern coast line that eX-
tended down toward the southern
states. The bend between the north
and east coasts formed what geologists
know as the Canada bend and it was
in that sweep of water that the rocks
in this region were gathered in an eddy
and laid down where they now rest.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-01-27

yard of ribbon and rendered in pay
ment a $5 bill from which the 30 cents,
the cost of the ribbon, was deducted and
the change returned He had turned to
leave the store when, as if with a sud
den thought, he turned and asked the
cashier to give him a so bill for two
tives. The request was granted, but
after the individual had left the cashier
discovered a shortage of $4.65, which
resulted from the changing of the
money.
This individual next called at Morris
Brothers shoe store and asked for a
pair of 10-cent shoe laces He was so
particular as to the kind of laces he
wanted that Mr. Norris concluded he
didn't care to sell the articles. From
this store the young man Went into the
Famous" shoe store owned by }. X.
Cohen, and located next door to Morris
Bros. Here he succeeded in purchas-
ing the desired laces and gave in pay
ment $40 bill. Under ordinary cir
cumstances Mr.. Cohen would not have
broken a bill of such denomination,
for such a small amount, but his GUS
toner gave him SO much trouble i'm buy
ing the laCes that Mr. Cohen decided to
get the 10 cents for them.
The customer went to the cashier
with his bill and received his change
and repeated his former request of a
large bill for two smaller ones. He had
left the store a few minutes when the
cashier discovered the absence of so.
Samter Bros. was the next place
where the crook operated. Here he pur-
chased a coat and vest which he paid
for, but again the cashier found him
self short,
The parties who We're film hammed
made known the facts to the police who
captured the man in Horns saloon on
Franklin avenue. He was arraigned
before Alderman Millar and gave the
fictitious name of ollie Teal, the New
York swell. He would make no state
ment, but on hearing the discriminating
evidence Alderman Millar sent Teal tc
the county Jail in default of $500 bail.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-01-27
A BIT OF ASTRONOMY.

the engineers of each company had
made practically correct computations.
Necessarily the altitude of the Lacka-
wanna tracks at the Scranton depot,
for instance, is correct and from some
such given point a level will be extend
ed to the location of the bench mark
II is PROPOSED to locate the bench
mark on court house square. the county
commissioners having signifed their
consent. IT will consist of a heavy
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-01-27

Paine's celery company Is working
miracles in the cure of disease!
So says a recent article by the fore
most medical essayist in Boston
Nothing shows more "onclusively,
he adds, THE astonishing cupability of
Paine's celery compound than the
thoughtful, open minded class of peo-
pie who use it and recommend it, both
in public and among their closest and
dearest friends and relatives. Among
us (physicians) there is no longer any
hesitancy in recommending this great
est remedy without stint of praise"
About the same time the above article
was published there appeared in the
Boston Journal, the following letter
from David X. Chaser of 452 Windsor
street, Cambridgeport, suburb of
Boston:
Il take great pleasure in testifying
to the extraordinary merits of Paine's $
celery compound. For some time past |
have been under the treatment of two
Well-known local doctors. but their
combined efforts proved of no avail. /
have been for years a harsh skeptc in
regard to advertised medicines, but
having suffered eXcruciating pains in
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-01-27

Mary Gibbons. Of Scranton; Harry Sebring
and Florence Rosenkrans, of Scranton;
James f.. Cummings and Mary Il. Moyles,
of Scranton; James X. Robinson, NJ D.,
of Allegheny county, y. Y, and Abbie a.
Taylor of Jermyn James Brady and Anna
MCGrath, of Jermyn
with the exception of the week ended
June 30, 1891, the receipts of the Scranton
Clearing House association last week were
the largest ever made in the history of the
association. Manager II. G. Shafer, in
his report of the week, states that the re-
ceipts during the week were S1,029, 49,. 81
being Sl2G, ,0S96G increase over the corre-
spending week in 1896, or $500, S.35 more
than the average week of last year.
The railway committee of select council
met in the city clerks office last night
Consideration was given a resolution di-
rectlng the street commissioner to asCer-
tain by what right the Scranton Traction
company has laid tracks on Pittston ave-
nue., between Hickory and Birch streets
and to report to councils at once. City
Solicitor Torrey was not at the meeting
and the committee took no definite ac-
tion.
on Feb. % the Lafayette Alumni asso-
citation will hold its annual banquet in
this city. The executive committee of the
association is composed of Captain w. a.
May DIR. II. V. Logan and Il. f. Blewitt.
,rbe committees tbat will arrange for the
dinner are. Finance T. l. phillips DR..
Capwell, Edward Gearhart, DR.. II. V. Lo-
gan and DR.. Lewis Frey; place of banquet,
i, f. Blewitt. l. L Wells and j. Eliot
Ross; programme, George l.. Peck, II. A.
Fuller. Harry Dale, W. II. Hanley and
j. II. Rittenhouse.
The Ladies' Social union of the Penn
Avenue Baptist church served a splendid
SllpDpr in the church lecture last
night, In charge of the tables were: Mrs.
William NcClave. Mrs. Northrup Mrs.
Frutchie. Mrs Fassold. Mrs. Finn. Mrs
Woodhouse. Mrs, Hall. Mrs. Francis, Mrs.
HenWood Mrs Trim. Mrs Horton. Mrs.
Pierce, Mrs. House, Mrs Han, Mrs. Hum
phries, Mrs. Harris. Mrs. Frey, Miss An
dTews, A candy and lemonade booth was
conducted by II. 4, Browning's Sunday
school class, No. 80 and proved a fruit
full source of revenue The attendance
was large.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-01-27
BOARD OF CHARITIES MEETING.
Considerable Routine Business Was
Transacted Last Night.

The regular monthly meeting of the
Board of Associated Charities was held
last evening with Chairman j. Il. Cohen
presiding. The members of the board
present were Ohm Gibbons, r. j. Kel-
ley and r. j. Moore. After the reading
of the minutes of prior meetings and the
transaction of the usual amount of
routine business the reports of the
boards agent, Mrs. Duggan, and the
nurse, Miss Kiesel, were received.
Sil!ce the last meeting of the board
thirty. eight cases have been investi-
gated; thirty have been found worthy;
eight unworthy, employment and lodg-
ings were secured for nine; transporta-
tlon for seven; meals eight; lodging for
three. Two children were sent to the
orphan asylum and two cases were re-
ferred to the Lackawanna hospital.
Two girls were sent to the House of the
Good Shepherd and aid was secured
from outside parties for three appli-
cants,
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-01-27
CLEVER FLIM-FLAMMER.
He Succeeded in Defraudirg Three Busi-
ness HOuses-=Sent TO the County
Jail TO Await Trial.

Film -hamming, or fleeing merchants
Saturday night was the charge which
caused the arrest of one of the slick
est criminals that has ever operated in
this city and thereby hangs a tale.
1t was Saturday night at about $50
o'clock that a young man of about p
years, medium in height and faultlessly
dressed, entered jenkins & Morris mil
linery establishment. He purchased a
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-01-27

The members of Schiller Lodge, No.
$40, F. and A. M, are respectfully re-
quested to attend the funeral Of our de-
ceased brother William Sissenberger,
from his late residence, 231 Penn ave-
nue., ON Wednesday, the 27th of Janu-
airy, at O'Clock a. m. Members of sis
ter lodges are cordially invited to at
tend. Philip Robinson. w. NJ.
Attest: Chas. S. Gelbert, Scc'y. ~
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-01-27

was instantly killed yesterday morning
in the LegSett's Creek shaft by fall
of rock He, had prepared a shot and
retired To What he thought a safe dis
tancc
When the explosion took place a guam
tity OF rock above him fell and crushed
him beneath it. When picked up it was
found that he was dead, his neck having
been broken. He was taken to his home
in the company ambulance.
He is survived by a wife and four
children. Funeral announcement will
be made later.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-01-27
LECTURED ON GEOLOGY.
j. III. Fisher Pieases II Green Ridge
Library Audience.

j. II. Fisher last night delivered in
the Green Ridge library an instructive
address on Geology He treated his
subject in a manner that made it es-
pecially entertaining and that feature
was greatly heightened by series of
tWenty-seVen stereoptiCon views dis
played by a. V. Bower, and a number
of maps and profiles.
Mr.. Fisher introduced his subject by
resume of the evolution theory and
the formation of original rocks and
quoted such noted authorities as Nc
Farland and Agassiz. He secuted geol-
ogy as an evolution and aimed to prove