davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
Rights Of Tree Owners.

Tree owners have some rights.in the
trees, even against corporations &hich
string wires, remarks the Boston Fran-
script. 1t might be supposed that all
interested people knew this fact, were
it not that the employees OF telegraph.
telephone and trolley companies so
often hack and mutilate trees without
so much as asking permission and
without mourning any penalty there.
for. One tree owner in Pennsylvania
refused to suffer in silence, and sue
ceeded in having inflicted upon a
gang Of depredators fine of $50 each.
That was no compensation for the dam.
age done, and even to inhict that pen.
atty cost much more effort, and the
following OF the case from a lower
court to the Supreme Court, where tho
appeal of the tree hewers that the de-.
struction Of the trees was necessary to
the operation of the telegraph line
was overruled. In discussing the al.
legged need Of more legislation on this
subject the Philadelphia Press makes
the interesting suggestion that indi.
vidual proprietorshlp in trees extend
to the trees upon AUDITING Streets.
The idea is good one, adds tie Tran.
script, as the trees thus situated are
most liable to abuse from the string.
ers of wires.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06

There are sixteen States in the
Union, according to the Railway Age,
which have no officers or boards
specially constituted to supervise tho
railways within their respective limits
and equalize the rates OF transporta.
tion. These States are Arkansas.
Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Idaho,
Indiana, Maryland, Montana, Louisi-
nna, Nevada, New Jersey, Tennessee,
Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming
and Utah. In six of these States no
reports whatever are required from
railroad companies. In the others
there are certain State officers who
take the matter in charge. The State
OF Arkansas, for example, has board.
consisting of the Governor, Auditor
and Secretary of State, which is styled
q railroad commission, but it hardly
comes up to the idea of commission
as understood in Georgia and other
States. In Colorado and Florida the
experiment Of having q commission
has been tried and abandoned.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06

Very few people, probably, ever
think of Sitka as an ancient town, and
YET it is Isl years since the first white
residents of Alaska settled there.
They were Russian hunters, who ar.
rived four years after Vitus Boring
took possession of all that part OF
America in the Russian Cars name.
The hunters ruled themselves and q
few Indians until 1899, when some
Muscovite mobiles formed company
on the same lines as those followed by
the Hudson Bay Company, and were
Entrusted with control of as much of
the region as they chose to clairc.
Their local representative was Gen.
eral Baranoff, who governed the land
and all itspeople for thirty years. He
exercised the power OF life and death
over his subjects, or slaves, rather,
and was drunken ruffian of consider.
able shrewdness and ability.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
Grants Toilet in Camp.

General Horace Porter, in ID
campaigning with Grant" in H..
Century, says: In the night Of ths.
18th Lee began to move troops to b:
right. Grant now directed Hancockt
corps to be withdrew and massed d.
hind the centre of our line, so thstltIs
could be moved promptly in eithsf.
direction. When the General CO.
back to camp that evening his clothe
were mass of mud from head to foot
his uniform being scarcely reeos..
n;zable. He sat until bed time With
out making any change in his dress
he never seemed particularly incon'
NODDED by the travel-stained condition
of his outer garments, but was scrupa'
lousy careful, even in the most active
campaigns, about the cleanliness g @
his linen and his person. The ONT rs
chance for o bath was in having baf.
rel sawed in two and using the hall u g &
it as a sort of sitz.bath. During mo-
Of this campaign the General, like ~
staff officers, used this method OF bas !
ing, or, as our English friends WOW -
say, clubbing" Afterwards 10 sep
piled himself With a portable ruDoa 9
bath'tub. While campaign lie Dan y
good school for the cultivation J,
squeamishness, and while the GenaA
was always ready to rough it in CAM
yet he was particularly modest 'll e. u
forming his toilet, and his tent ron i.
were always tied close, and the ne y.
perfect privacy was secured, when !
was washing, or changing bis clotna
While thus engaged even his sew.
was not allowed to enter his quall'''sn',
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
Destruction Of Seldom mud co,.

:. The l!e:, destruction Of the oldest ,e,s',
OF civilization and culture i ~ ~.
Jordan Valley and the Dead sea ~ - 5
trlcts, namely, that of the fonr NJ. ~, y q
OF sodom, Gomorrah, Admsh st ss,s.
zeboim, is one Of the fixed fats ~ i.
earliest tradition, and for tho o, ortiz =,
geologist the phenomenon presents ~
difficulty, as fur as 1t can be trac ,,d y. !.
all. The tragedy was caused NJ
sudden break Of tho valley basin 1.
the southern part Of the Dead Saa =, :
sultins IN the sinking of the soil =, &
phenomenon which, without y. {
doubt, was in intimate copne,t; NJ
with O catastrophe in nature. q ' y
earthquake accompanied by sncb' ).
sinking Of the soil along one 0, n,o,.
rents IN the earth. whereby IT,. ~.
citieS we're destroyed or "overturned s' !
SO that the Salt Sea now oconn;.. q
their territory. The view that In 1ii's
sea did not exist OF all before tb.,
catastrophe, OF that the Jordan beto,.
this period flowed into the Medits,.
ranean Sea, contradicts throuehonI.
all geological and natural scieno..
teachings connecting the formation d
this whole region. That the Pentspo|a.5
at one time was situated in the eouth. 4
ern part of the Dead Sea, which n
now called Sebeha, is proved also
among other things, by the probable
Location at this place Of Zoar, the
place which escaped destructionintba !
days OF lot; in accordance, too, WITH
the writer's Of antiquity and Of ths /
middle ages, including the Arabian
gecgraphers. As yet nothing certain I
can be determined concerning ths
location Of the four other cities, VIZ. 4
Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboin.
OF which names only that ofSodon,
in Djebel Usdum, is found reaectedin
any place in these precincts And
even apart from geological and geo. 81
graphical reasons, this seems to u 4
the natural thing, as the book Il
Genesis repl esents these places IS hit
ing been thoroughly destroyed With.
out leaving any trace or remnant bs
hind. The fact that now these d. 4
tricts are dreary waste, and byths
Arabian geographer Mukaddasi called I
a chill" is no evidence that in earl1
times this WAS not different, and TIL.
valley not really vision Of paradise Il
DIR. Max Blanckenhorn.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06

The decadence of the American
merchant marine of late years is strik.
ingly illustrated by the fact that while
from July, 1895, to July, 1896, Is, s34
ships Of various nationalities passed
through the new Kiel canal, not one
of these, so far as reported, was an
American vessel. And yet, exclaims
the New York Observer, once the
Stars and Stripes were a familiar
sight upon the high seas, and in the
harbors and estuaries Of Europe.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06

Paris has found it necessary to put
D check to the haphazard decoration
of her public places. The Project of
the Seine has appointed technical
committee Of artists, architects and
other competent judges, 20 which all
plans affecting the outward appear.
ance of the city must be submitted for
approval before the Administration
officers take them up.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
While the Candle Burns.

We are all familiar with the ~
that candle burns. But perm
there ore many persons VINO ~ -
never realized just WY it burns =. I'll
that a certain degree of heat IS n ~. u.
sary in order to consume the cy''n,,si II.
of wax or tallow of which the csn ,'s
is made. In tho Arctic regions CAM, u.
will not burn satisfactorily Of OF "a IA
low a temperature Of thirty'tive, III "a
grees G. The reason for this y y. II,
the surrounding atmosphere is 50 o II
that the flame is insufficient to ~ ~
enough of the material for IT'S s. ss \.
subsistence. The feeble heat c.u y. =
little more than melt out tnOa i.
space around the wick, Therefore ~. -
flame is small and weak, ana - =.
times fails together. The lign ~ \
closed in small glass vase, Wo'n .ss
ter, as the temperature is solaes a,k
raised by being SO confined ana eny ~,
wax melts to supply the fsme - 8 8
Ledger.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
COSTLY HOSPITALITY.

Enthusiastic Proprietor-"What do
you think of the new hotel?"
Prospective Guest (indiAferently)-
'sRather fne."
E. P.-"Fine? Grand, I think. Did
you notice the fresco work in the din.
lng.room and the new furniture in the
hall?"
P. G.-'Yes, I noticedithem."
E. P. (persistentlY)-'Well, what do
you think?"
P. G. (gloomily)-"Oh. I suppose
I'll have to pay for them before
leoye!"
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
Forty-two of the $50 members of tn

Forty-two of the $50 members of the
present New York Assembly ore law.
yers, and four more hope to be, desig-
mating themselves in the clerks man.
ual as "law students" The farmers
number twenty, there are six workers
at trades, and th1rty-eight manufac
turers or merchants. The remainder
are managers, agents, contractors, etc.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
Nicaraguan Forests.

The vast mahogany forests OF Mic.
aragua are almost who'll controlled by
Boston firms by contract with the Mic
araguan Government. The export
trade in the expensive wood has be.
come very extensive, having reached
6,O0O,0 900 feet in 1888.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
When Congressman Dingley, {

When Congressman Dingley, OF
Maine, was graduated from Dartmouth
College, the suit he wore on the aus
picious occasion was a, black broad
cloth suit, and the trousers were al.
most more than skin tight. It camo
from the fashionable tailor's shop in
the little town Of Hanover, and the
fashionable tailor was Levi P. Morton,
since Vice-President of the United
States.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
WITH TEE CONVERSATION LEFT OUT.

Barber Ito stranger)-''How would
you like your shave? Close?"
Customer Eyes; close-mouthed. "
And for the space of half an hour, it
was so still in that tonsorial establish.
ment that one could almost hear the
hair growing on the outside of the
sample-bottle of hair tonic in the
front window.-New York Tribune.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
Up ON THE CLASSICS.

The savage monarch shook his head.
''Nisi bonum do mortuis," he said.
'That is, don't roast the dead.
guess you'll have to make it a plain
fry"
The royal chef de cuisine heard the
kingly mandate in silence, as became
him.
As for His Majesty, it was we'll
understood that he was strongly
affected by the inspiration of the
classics. Detroit Journal.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
NEW WAY TO MAKE A WORLD.

f. Benny Bloobumper islands don't
agree with volcanoes, do they, pa?"
Mr.. Observation-Disclosures do you
mean, Benny?"
Il read in a newspaper that the VOL
cano of Bogoslov, on the Alaska coast,
is constantly throwing up new isl.
ands. "-Life.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
WINNING A NAME FOR HIMSELF.

The schoolboy was endeavoring to
make one or two things clear to his
father.
"You see," he said, cts Just this
way. Every time Willie Jones gets
into fight he gets licked, but he goes
around telling every one that be licked
the other fellow, and so he gets the
reputation of being q pretty good
fighter"
The old gentleman nodded to show
that he understood.
"And that's Why we call him Gen.
eral Weyler' "added the boy.-Chicago
Post.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
| dull. soft tread-and it came nearer

dull, soft tread-and it came nearer
and nearer.
"They are bringing them," said
Christen. And then the mother lost
for the moment her senses. The agony
| was too great to bear.
Tho snow still lies on the lower
mountains, but it will be there till
spring sunshine comes to melt it, for
winter is everywhere.
It is evening now, and. red light
CLEANS here and there from chalet.
Elisa has just shut the door that leads
into the balcony, and she goes back
into the room where Andre is laying
on a sheepskin in front of the fire.
The room looks warm in the dim,
ruddy light.
"Shall light thc lamp:" his mother
says to Andre. "You will spoil your
sight. my boy, if you read by fire.
light"
Andre catches at her skirt as she
goes to get the lamp.
"Not yet, little mother" he says;
"sit down and be idle Il while. ON
to begin work tomorrow. Hans
Christen says co."
She sits down, and then he rises, md
kneeling beside her leans his head on
her bosom.
"Mother DEAR" he says softly, II
want to tell you something"
Sho smiles fondly at him. Ever
since the day when she was allowed to
bring Andre home exhausted, bataliye,
it had seemed to Elisa Gs If life were
too full Of blessing
He had been some weeks in re.
covering from his burial under the
snow.
"Mother," says Andre, "did you
guess that was keeping secret from
you?" Elisa's heart gave q big throb,
and the lad felt it as he leaned against
her.
"You will tell me your secret now"
she says, timidly; for as she looks at
him she feels puzzled, there is such q
CLEAN of mirth in his eyes.
Al dire put both arms around her.
"Darlipg mother,;' he says, ''you
must not be hard on ne, I was very
childish then, ] thought only Of N.Y.
self. I know it was not kind. used
to want to grow up fast so Us to DO q
strong man like father, that I might
guide travellers across the glaciers
He felt her tremble, but she kept
her face still, Ho clasped her still
closer, and kissed her.
"Mother, DEAR" he went on, "that
is all over now. I told you that while
I was lying there under the snow it
seemed like years. went on think
ing and thinking moro than l ever
thought before. This grief will kill
her, I sold. Precious little mother!
she las suffered so sadly; she cannot
stand this And then presently I be-
gan to see how the mountain life I
wanted would have been sad trial
to you. Mother" he rose up and took
both her hands in his, IL knew then
for certainty could not be happy
while you were sad, and wondered
how it was I had beer so dull; it oil
came so clear he paused an instant;
then he broke into merry laugh.
''You will have me to plague you
always now. I mean to be q carpen.
tor"
Andres mother strained her boy to
her heart as though she would make
him grow there, and he folt her hot
tears on bis neck. -Macmillan's Maya.
zine.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
Yon VIII Never Be Sorr1.

For living pure life.
For doing your level best y
For being kind to the poor.
For hearing before Judging
For thinking before speaking.
For standing by your principe.
For stopping your ears to gos.,s
For brldling q slanderous tong -
For being square in business ~
ings. ...o,s
For giving an unfortunate Ps''
lift. -
For promptness in keeping ''
promises. ....tioll
For putting tho best con 1ss P,s1
on acts Of others. -Detroit Free - ~
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
ment.

A Brussels paper relates that not
long ago the Prince of Monaco killed
whale on the coast of Africa, and
made o present of 1t to some fisher
men, who, on cutting open the whales
body, found large amount OF amber.
girls, which they sold for $40, 900.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06

A Denver printing house has just
booked an order for $50 placards bear
Ing the words "Don't blow out the
gas" The Colorado Legislature evil
IDENTIFY is about to convene, comments
the Chicago Time s.Herald.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
ENGLISH, z KNOW.

Cholly Nobrane-"B owkeaby is so
original, doncher know.
Ethel Endurall-"Yes?"
Cho]ly Nobrane-"At the college
defamation contest he wecited "Paul
Wevere's Wide" in q monocle,
Deucedly appropriate, doncher
know!''-Puck.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06

In the last fiscal year tho~receipts of
New Zealand railroads, which are
owned and operated by the Govern.
ment, were S., 757, 4C6, and the run
ming expenses So, $50, 100, leaving over
two millions profit to tho Govern
ment.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
A MARRIED MAN. HIMSlL 1t.

81 should like to go to my mother.
in.law's funeral this afternoon, sir, -
said the bookeeper to the sold man. -
$50 should T." replied the proprie-
tor, as he turned to his desk again.
Puck.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
SERIOUSLY HANDICAPPED.

Freshman "Isn't young Rush
brawny enough this year to play loot.
ball?"
"Solior-"Oh, yes; he's oil right
physically, but recent spell Of fever
caused his hair to fall out" -Judee,
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06

There are many conditions at the
present time which suggest great pros
perity in the near future, maintains
the American Cultivator.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06

SHE KNEW WHOSE WORD WAS LAW.
"Shall I ask your father, deer:" he
inquired, after the worst was over.
"Just see mamma, George" she re.
piled. "-Philadelphia North Ameri-
can.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
He Goes not even know who4, .

two plus three are." w PHI
Miss Pedagogical-"pe,h. q
are too abstract with him. aTa IN
work more concrete. AJAX IA yoas n
one apple and two apples ana 10y. snat
apples are" auu sntss
Mr. MI: Bad,teacher lin the cla,a,,,.. Z
-"Young Pickaninny, what Ss IS I
ples?" 'u1ee ap,
Young Pickaninny-" Boss.
big apples? II dey is, dey i N.Y. = y :.
peck. Judge. : u =
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
SATISFIED,

Perry Patetic-''They say man
enjoys restin' whole LOT better after
9 good, hard days work"
Wayworn Watson-"Well, fer oil I
know, it may be so; but I amt round
tryin' any dangerous experiments. -
Cincinnati Enquirer.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
TINE SHOULD BE ECoNoM1ZED.

Mamma-"When you feel angry,
you should always count ten before
you say anything or do anything"
"ohnny-"But it takes me too
long"
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
UNDER THE SNOW.

ESlDE a lovely little
lake in Switzerland
there il q small village
OF scattered vine. clad
chalets, and the great
mountains loom far
beyond. On q strip
of ground, juttlnginto
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
HIS MATHEMATICS.

Mr.. Bad.teacher- Really, Miss
Pedagogical, cannot teach young
Pickaninny anything, he is so stupid.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
QUITE TRUE.

QUITE TRUE.
Orator-''My friends, what is the
price Of liberty?"
Binthare-''Three to ten dollars,
according to the judge. Judge.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
AFRAID OF THE RISK,

AFRAID OF THE RISK.
Carrie-ssJack thinks I'm tickle"
Lena 'That's probably the reason
he doesn't propose second time. -
Life.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT
ST. FRANCISVILLE, LOUISIANA.

Londoners drink 400 tons of liquid
mud year, according to recent expert
testimony before the County Council.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
AT THE CONCERT

AT TIE CONCERT.
Mcud-"Isn't it grand? She plays
entirely by ear
Synecus (oored) -"She must be very
deaf. New York Tribune.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
HU1lOROUS SKETCHES FROM
VARIOUS SOURCES.
NV Grandm0tiAr's Hat-Afrafd OF
the Eisk--At the Concert
Quite True-Satisfed,
Etc, Etc.
Nv grandmother's hat. in colonial days,

U1.T SUPERINTENDENT 1ttt: III 0O7O111tt1 Uut'yO3
Was u wonder for poets to sing;
Her granddaughter flashes it now on my gaze,
At the play-and can't see thing.
Judge.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06

There camc o night never to be for
gotten in the villages beside the lake.
Old people shivered in their sleep
and dreamed they had ague. It was
later on that came booming sound
across the lake.
"What was it," Elisa asked herself
as she looked out.
The atmosphere was clearer. The
lake looked peaceful and gray, but the
mountains and even the lowest ridge
OF the hills were white with snow. Az
she watched, the huge pyramids OPP.
The true Democrat. [volume] (Bayou Sara [La.]) 1892-1928, 1897-03-06
BUDGET OF FUN.

BUDGET OF FUN.
NOTORIOUS SKETCHES From
VARIOUS SOURCES.
NV GrandmothAr's Hat-Afraid o.
the Eisk--At the Concert
Quite True-Satisfed,
Etc, Etc.
Ny grandmother's hat, in colonial days,
Was u wonder for poets to sing;
Fer granddaughter flashes it now on my gaze
At the play-and can't SEQ thing.
Judge.
AFRAID OF THE RISK.
Carrie-s'Jack thinks I'm fckle.''
Lena That's probably the reason
he doesn't propose q second time. -
Life.
AT TIE CONCERT.
Maud-''Isn't it grand? She plays
entirely by ear"
Synecus (bored) -'She must be very
f."-New York Tribune.
QUITE TRUE.
Orator-''My friends, what is the
price Of liberty?"
Binthare-''Thre to ten dollars,
according to the judge. Judge.
SHE KNEW WHOSE WORD WAS law.
"Shall I ask your father, deer:" he
inquired, after the worst was over.
"Just see mamma, George" she re.
piled. "-Philadelphia North Ameri-
can.
TINE SHOULD BE ECoNoM1zED.
Mamma-"When you feel angry,
you should always count ten before
you say anything or do anything"
Johnny-''But it takes me too
long"
A MARRIED MAN. HEMsILT.
81 should like to go to my mother.
in.law's funeral this afternoon, sir, -
said the bookeeper to the sold man. -
$50 should T." replied the proprie-
tor, as he turned to his desk again
Puck.
Perry Patetic-''They say man
enjoys restin' whole LOT better after
g good, hard days work"
Wayworn Watson-"Wel!, fer oil I
know, it may be so; but I amt round
tryin' any dangerous experiments. -
Cincinnati Enquirer.
SERIOUSLY HANDICAPPED.
Freshman "Isn't young Rush
brawny enough this year to play foot.
ball?"
"Solior-"Oh, yes; he's oil right
physically, but recent spell Of fever
caused his hair to fall out. Judge.
The record-union., 1897-07-06
THE PIONEERS.
They Held Out the Hand of We'll
come Yesterday.

The Sacramento Society Of Pioneers,
according to their custom on Independ-
ence Day, kept open house, having as
their special guests the members of
the Caledcnian Society.
A bountiful table was set with choice
viands, and the delicacies of the old
pioneer days We're not forgotten and
We're served in a style that was very
toothsome. After appetite was satiated,
speeches were in order. Joseph Sims,
the youngest member of the society,
presided.
Powell D. Lawson spoke first on "Pi-
oneer Days" and his remarks were to
the point. He was followed by Rev. c.
P. Massey, with no particular subject.
Then Judge McKune and II. NJ. La Rue
made remarks on the dangers threat
ening the prosperity of our institutions,
and We're followed by ]. NJ. Stephen
son, who took a more optimistic view OF
affairs, and believed things would all
come out right after a while. John
Carlaw, J. K. Grinton, DR.. Mckay, j.
H Miller and others also made re-
marks. and the occasion was much en-
loved by all