davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
A VONAN'S BODY FOR A TARGET.

TEST OF AN ALLF35ED BULLET PROOF CLOTH IN
CHICAGO
Chicago June with the dead body of woman
for target the bul!et-proof cloth invented by
Casmir Zegen, a coistered brother OF the Order OF
Resurrectionsts, tested last evening at the
Chicago College Of Dental Surgery, in the presence
OF number of professors, Army officers ana cltl-
zens interested In armor. The test was conducted
under the supervision of Lieutenant Stanislaus ce
Korwin Sarneck of the Austrian Army. H
cabre revolver first used after the upper part
OF the body had been incased in the alleged I'M
penetrabe CLOTH Thirty shots failed to pierce the
CLOTH fired at a distance Of from three TO fifteen
PAGES.
A 3S-cabre revolver was then brought into use
and the representative of the inventor demon
strated that 1t impossible 10 puncture the
cloth with such missile. While the cloth or outer
portion Of the armor had been disfigured but
slightly, an examination later by DR.. Leonhard IT,
Borand revealed the fact that two Of the ribs on
the right side of the body had been shattered oy
the force Of the bullet coming In contact with the
bullet proof cloth. Aside from the bruises IN those
parts of the body with which the bullets came IN
direct contact, there no indication that bullets
had been directed against 1t.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
"M4D DOG" SCARE IN BROADWAY.
SEVERAL HUNDRED PERSONS AMAZED AT
A WOMAN WHO CALMLY LIFTS THE
BRUTE INTO HER ARMS.

Just as the theatres out yesterday AFTER
noon, a large fox terrier dashed across Broadway
in front OF the Herald Square Theatre. The dog
turned In its tracks and began 10 run around In
circle yeplng piteously. Peculiar actions OF a dog
are likely TO be misunderstood by niEety-Iine peo-
pie out of n hundred. in hot weather and the fact
that this particular dog rushed around In circles
al once gave rise to the belief that the animal
mad
Leaving the neigh5orhood OF the theatre. the dog
raced backward and forward and across Broad.
vay from Thirty-nfth to Thrty-third st., ana
finally the and boys who congresate at Gree
ley Square started In pursuit crying Mao Cog
This sufficient to make every one VINO sa" inc
animal believe he was really mad. and men and
women scattered In fright.
When the excitement was At Its height. after
number Of women had run into stores TO get cut
of the way the supposed mad dog rushed around
under the elevated tracks at Thrty-third-st. ana
Broadway At this moment a tall. well-dressed
woman who was coming down Broadway. stopped
and looked at the scurryng pedestrians ana theh
at the dog II darted across the street toward the
place where the woman was standing. and az II
reached the sidewalk she calmly stopped down
quickly and seized it by the back of the neck and
carried the now whining animal to the uptown
elevated railroad station stairs.
Those who had fed from the dog stared at the
woman In amazement All unconcerned, however
she began pat the head of the terrier ana speak
to III ancctlOnatey Inc spectacie VI "N''''''-
fondling mad dog was such an extraordinary one
that several hundred persons quickly gathered
They attracted Policeman Hauser. Of the west
Thrtieth-gt station, who pushed his way through
them and sa " the woman still p.acidly caressinS
the dog.
Everybody seems to think this dog Is mad" she
said with a laugh, but know all about dogs
know from his cries that he has evidently lost MS
master. No mad dog ever races around in one spot
the way saw him do"
By this time the terrier had Quieted down and
was nesting close TO its ncw-found friend Police
man Hauser made an investigation. and found the
Wcman's theory Of the OF the dogs antics
correct. The dog and his master had been sepa-
rated when the owner boarded a car.
The woman, whose presence of mind saved the
animal from being shot said she was Miss jennie
Cook OF No 31S West Fifty-nnth-st
THE owner of this dog can have him by calling
at my residence" she said. II have seen so many
dogs killed in summer time without Just cause that
| don't consider II any particular honor 10 nave
saved this terrier from n similar fate. When you
get 10 know dogs you learn that really very few go
mad but are goaded into a condition OF hysteria py
the behavior of lot of senseless people VINO Would
usually drive any human being crazy
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
MRS. WITTH4US WANTS MORE ALIMONY.
a NEW FEATURE OF THE DIVORCE CASE HEARD
IN NEWBI'RG

4 NEW FEATURE OF THE DIVORCE CASE HEARD
IN NEWBURG
Newbure y. Y, June 5-The case OF BLY, f.. Witt
hous agains Professor Rudolph A. Witthaus Of
Ncw-York. was before Judge NJ H. Iiirschberg In
the Supreme Court here to-day. Mrs Wtthaus's
caunscl moved for an increase Of alrnony and coun-
sci fees. The defendan: IS professor of chemistry
and physics IN the NewYork University and pro-
fessor Of chemistry and toxicology in the Inver-
sty Of Vermont. and writer on scientific subjects
Professor and Mrs.. Witthaus were married in 1882
In the Little Church Around the Corner" In Oc-
tober last, Mrs. Witthaus's counsel alleged the
Professor beat and kicked his wife, and she had
not yet recovered from the effects of the injuries
He said she undergoing treatment In n New
York hospital and needed means 10 pay for medical
troa men; and nursing. In Decembe- last Professor
Nitthaus brought suit In the Supreme Court for
absolute divorce. making numerous charges against
ton for limited divorce the ground of cruelty.
She demanded 500 counsel fees and so n
That action was discontinued and action for
scparation was begun in WcstchcsteT County II
was not defended and Mrs Witthaus got an award
OF 5000.
Tho motion to-day was for increase Of alimony, on
the ground that the sum was insufficient for her
DrOper support and maintenance. COunScl de-
clared defendants income was $4,000 a year. De
PENDANTS counsel opposed tho increase saying Mrs
Nitthaus aDpeaICd 10 be In good health. Judging
from the way she gestculatcd when in MS office re-
Gently lie said the Professor received G,W from
the NewYork University and Sl,9p rom 'he YER
brought him only f29n The Court took the papers
and reserved decision.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
STlWFORD Totes FOR LICENSE.

HOTEL. Ears SANCTIONED. EI'T NOT SALOONS OR
OTHER KINDS OF ILQUoR DEALING.
Stamford X y. June SpcciaD.-The Stamford
excise fight ended ~ sundown tonight. The propo-
stlon TO grant hotol licenses was carried by ma
jority OF twen:y-six. Saloon. druggist and store
keeper licenses were defeatcG. Both sides fought
desperately. The Woman's Christian Temperance
Union held meetings all day. which were addressed
by the Rev George Clarke, OF Ocean Grove and w.
A. Rlelly % NcwYork. The members Of the
Union also worked on the streets for votes The
license party ef no stone unturncd secure votes
for their side.
After the polls closed great crowd lined the
streets and surrounded the polling place. waiting
for the result 10 be announced. People drove In
from towns miles distant. great the in
fcrest In the struggle.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS.
AMBASSADORS OF THE POWERS SUBMIT
MEMORANDA TO THE PORTE.

Consantinople June "a conference lasting
two hours was held to-day between the Ambas-
sadors of the Powers and Tewhk Pacha. the
Turkish Minister for Foreign Affairs at which
the memoranda relative to the rectification or
the frontier. to the capitulatons In the case OF
Greek subjects in Turkey. and to indemnity. pre-
pared respectively by Count Nelidof, the Rus-
sian Ambassador; NJ. Cambon, the French Am
bassador. and Sir Philip Currie. the British Am
bassador. were presented. These memoranda
will be submitted to the Sultan for his considera-
tiOn.
At the meeting between the Amhassadors OF
the Powers and the Turkish Minister fcr tor-
eign Affairs on Thursday last at the Tophahe
Palace. Sir Philip Currie. the British Ambassa
dor: NJ Cambon. the French Ambassador ana
Sgnor Pansa the Italian Ambassador II now
appears. made distinct declaration against the
retrocession of Thessaly to Turkey. THIS att-
tudc Of the three Powers named is regarded as
being of the highest political importance IN
view Of the fact that since the Cars telegram
to the Sultan there has been marked rap
prochement between Russia ana Germany. f1ere
the opinion is expressed that the indications
point to a resuscitation of the league of the three
Empsrors If that league is not already an ac-
complished fact.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
THE MURDERED MERCHANT BURIED.
rNsATIsFAcToRy WORK OF THE POLICE IN THE
HOFFMAN CASE.

uNsATIsFACToRY WORK OF THE POLICE IN THE
HOFFMAN CASE.
san Francisco, June 5.-The body OF Isaac Hon-
man the Battery-st. merchant. who was killed In
mysterious manner In his Office on Tuesday evening
last was consigned to tho grave yesterday The
funeral services conducted according TO the rites or
tho / O. o. T., OF which he was II member, were
attended by a large number OF merchants relatives
and friends
That the relatives OF the deceased merchant are
dissatisfied with the work done upon the case by the
police was shown by their action In employing de-
tectlve to unravel the mystery. With the exception
OF the discovery Of several trivial discrepancies In
the statements made by the bookkeeper. Figel. to
his movements the night that his employer met
his death. there were no developments In the Hoff-
man case An expert accountant Is now engaged
upon the books OF the firm of Hoffman Rothschild.
bur until this task H. competed the result OF the
INVESTIGATION will not be made public.
chief OF Detectives Bohen says that after cur
sorv examination OF the books he OF the opinion
that everything was not as It should be. II was
discovered that entries to the amount OF at least
so 900 had been made in the cashbook In pencil and
Fige's attempted explanation of these was not at
ali satisfactory to those concerned; The ihquest
will not be held until the police inquiry Is con-
cluded.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
4 DREDGING sCOW BLOWN UP.
ONE MAN KILLED AND MANY BUILDINGS IN
CHICAGO SHAKEN.

ONE MAN KILLED AND MANY BUILDINGS IN
CHICAGO SHAKEN.
Chicago, June 5.-One Of three mud scoWs III 10"
of the tug Andrew H. Green was blown TO atoms
This morning by explosion OF gases just al'er nav
ing passed through the Rush-st draw me vN1,o, .
80 ms beard for a great distance. and all the
buildings in the vicinity were shaken to their fouh-
dations August Americus. who was on the scow'
was blown into tho river and drowned oelore heip
could reach him.
Tba company has been engaged In dredging the
south Branch near the Bridgeport Gas Works ana
the theory is advanced that in some manner ,r tne
Eases in the scow became iGnited by SPARK from
e. ,,r s mart OF the Goodrich wharf was shat-
,araa AND Considerable damage was done 10 the
buildings in the vicinity. Frank Morton, nignI s
agent of the Graham and Morton Iransportat9n
CS9,nnanv was thrown from his bed ana severely
,rriro1 ~ living t.nbcrs The Rush-st. bridge was
shGken 10 its foundation. and it is feared mas peen
damaged -. o.,losior u,ora y, first
nositive that il was the tug Andrew H. Green Inc
Ienort that all board had pcrished spread rap
idfv and great excitement prevailed
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
4 CAMDEN TEACHERS ESCAPE.

HER WHEEL WAS STRUCK BY AN EMPRESS
TRAIN But SHE WAS ONLY SLIGHTLY HURT.
Camden n. J., June (SpeciaD-An express
train on the West Jersey and Seashore Railroad
clipped the rear wheel of a bicycle ridden by Miss
Florence Brain, public school teacher. at the
city line this afternoon. The teacher and her
wrecked wheel thrown thirty feet into
ditch west Of the tracks. Nobody expected that
a spark OF life would be left I'm her body. She
was unconscious when picked up. and was brought
to Cooper Hospital. this city. There the physicians
searched I'm vain for any serious injury. Miss
Brain was only bruised little.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
ATTEMPTED SUICIDE IN COURT.

DESPERATE EFFORTS OF A CONVICT AND HIS
FATHER To KILL THEMSELVES
Toledo Ohio June 5.-One Of the most sensational
scenes ever enacted in q Lucas County courtroom
occurred to-day when Leslie c. Barnes. convicted
of perjury and his father both made desperate ef-
forts to commit suicide As soon the verdict was
read Barness father who Is sixtyfve years Old ex-
claimed This is not justce!" and. pulling knife
made several desperate lunges at his throat. After
a hard struggle In which several men were severely
cIlt the elder Barnes overpowored. No sooner
had ne been shackled than his son began 10 hurl
men right and left. started on run for one of the
windows, and about to leap 70 the ground,
distance OF over fifty feet, when he was caught.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
FIRE IN THE KANSAS PENlTENTIiRf

1T CAUSED PANIC. But WAS SOON EXTIN-
otIsHFD WITH THE HELP OF CoNvICTs.
Leavenworth. Kan. June 5.-Fire broke out In the
State Penitentiary at Lansing last night. and soon
the one thousand men within the walls were In an
uproar. The fire seemed to be spreading rapidly In
the tailoring establishment and the chapel and the
imprisoned men cried and begged OF their keepers
to he released. Finally the flames became so threat
enng that fifty conycts were released to assist the
officers There was break for liberty. Dut the men
performed their duty herocay. and the fire was ex-
tnguished after damage OF about $500 had been
dona
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
A BOLD THIEF ESCAPES.

HE sNATCHES A DIAMOND FROM A PASSENGER
ON A LOCAL TRAIN.
Just before one OF the special trains put on for
the New-York Athletic Club games yesterday, left
Pelham Manor for One-hundred- nd twenty ninth
st. a young fellow sitting In one OF the cars arose,
stepped the aisle and snatchng huge
diamond from the shirtfront Of elderly man
who sat there. made dash for the door. The
victim ran after the thief shouting all the while,
but the latter dropped from the side OF the car
and escaped post haste into the woods. The po-
lice were informed and looking for the thief,
but there Is small chance Of their catching him.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
MONTANA CITIES SHAKEN.

Helena. Mont, June 5.--At 5:22 o'clock this morn
ing quite severe earthquake shock was felt here.
Chandeliers ratified and many articles were as
placed The shock lasted twelve seconds. Many
people were awakened from sound sleep. 1t
also felt al Butte Bozeman and Deer Lodge Dut
was not percepiible away from the Rociy Mountain
belt
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
THREE LIVES LOST ~ 4 GLACIER

Seattle Wash. June 5.-The fate Of tho three
men-Botcher, Blackstone and Molnquc-lost while
crossing the portage from Sunrise city, Cook Inlet.
10 Prince william Sound has just been learned.
The men lefs Sunrise Ia March. accompanied by
two guides Wien the huge glacier which must be
crossed at the Sound was reacned, lne men hurried
ahead OF their guides. they were last seen taking
the left fork oil the glacier Instead or the right.
Subsequent search showed that they had reached
the edge OF the floor OF ice. and, pdus!n8 on unsafe
ground the ice had bro,cn. dash!ng Them FIVE hun
0red feet 10 Inc boacn below.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
MAGOWIN'S WINE SAVED.

THE SHERIFF DECIDED THAT HE COULD NOT
SELL IT WITHOUT \ LICENSE.
Trenton. June 5-The raising OF n novei point to-
day prevented the sale OF the wine in the cellar
Cf the mansion Of exMayor Frank A. Mcgowan
OF this city To pay some OF his numerous debts
Magowan's property has been going to the highest
bidders for the last few days. When the wine
was reached to-day Mcgowan and his friends told
the Sheriff he could not sell II. They pointed out
that It was against the law for any one to sell
liulor without license, and the Sheriff concluded
that ne would not sell the liquor until after a
consultation with the legal authorities OF the
county.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
GROWTH or THE STATE LIBRARY.

Albany. June 1.-The statistics Of the State Ii
brary show that there were 3S2572 volumes in the IL
brary on June In addition to these volumes there
are 5000 manuscripts and i2,?25 pamphlets Apout
5000 volumes are added yearly 10 the library. "nlch
now contains about half as many BOOKS as tne OoH-
gressional LlhrarY al WasnInS on
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
NOT BORN TO DIE THAT WAY.

AN ITALIANS REMARKABLE ENCOUNTER WITH
4 CENTRAL EXPRESS TRAIN.
poughkeepsie. y. Y. June 5.-Raroad men are
talking about the miraculous escape of an Italian
,aborer at Clinton Point to-day The man was cross
ING the track when the Chicago flyer. running fifty
Eve miles an hour, struck him and knocked him 10
orc side The man got up and waved his hand TO
the engineer who was slowing up his tram expect
ing 10 flnd dead body. Except for few scratches
The man was uninjuYe1.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
TO GATHER THE THESSALIAN HARVEST
WIZ THE SULTAN WISHES TO PRoLOHG THE

WIZ THE SULTAN WISHES TO PROl-OH6 HE
PEACE NEGOTIATIONS.
London June 5-Conhictin. news is published
about the progress O: the peace negotiations at Con-
stantnope. on side the Sultan IS saN 10 nave
adopted most unyiedlng attitude and on the other
hand he Is declared 10 be showing a concilatory
disposition and that the settlements OF the qnes-
tlcls in dispute Is only matter Of few days The
Associated Press. however. learns that the Am
bassadors at Constant:nople are hopeful that the
negotiations will be concluded in about week. IN
the OF Turkeys acceptance OF the peace con
dtions proposed by the Powers. There is now mite
doubt that the Sultan has decided TO agree 10 the
evacuation OF Thessaly and the Turkish puphc !s
being prepared for this step. The police OF Coii-
santinople have been ordered to confscae the eaf-
lets which are being circulated, demanding the an
nexation Of the conquered territory as duty de-
volving upon the Sultan. The war songs are also
being suppressed in order 10 ste the fanaticsm OF
the lower classes.
1t IL considered probable that the conclusion OF
peace between Turkey and Greece will be followed
by complete change of the Turkish Cabinet, as the
palace clique Will endeavor 10 saddle the Ministry
With all the responsibility for the peace cohd'ti1ns i
sumans agains the Ministry. especially against the
of the Turkish Nav ana the inactivity OF the Otto
The Ambassadors Of the Powers and the Turkish
Minister for Foreign Affairs, Tewfk Pacha. met to
discuss the peace conditions at the Iophane Paiace
Eastern Roumeia drafted in 1885,. There were
no secretaries present, nor were minutes taken
This was in accordance with the wish of the Sultan
The news from Thessaly is that the Turkish Army,
which at first pi;laged and committed other excesses
in the Greek villages, Is now under stringent dis
cpline the objec, OF the Turkish authorities accord
ing the Athens newspapers. being merely to gain
tho signatures of the Inhabitants In favor OF Turk
ish rule.
IN the wife. twenty thousand Macedonian
pea SAINTS have crossed the mountains into Thessaly
have occupied the abandoned Greek villages and are
waiting 10 gather the II II ripens. before the
peace negotiations concluded In fact. the
seizure Of the Thessaan harvest seems 10 he a
son for the Sultan endeavoring TO protract the
peace negotiations.
Numbers OF Greek Thessalians are hiding in the
mountains of Kalkis and ProChOri and the Islanl
of Skiathos being afraid to return 10 thei: homes
fearing massacre and prefcrring death by starva-
ton. exposure and disease
The impel chrent of tho leading spirits OF the
Ethnike Heiaira. or National League OF Greece. is
mooted at Athena. where II Is said that ex-Mayor
Melas intends resign the leadership OF the society
His excuse for the socety's conduct !s that 1t
understood Great Britain would assist Greece in her
struggle aFa!ns. Turker.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
MANY DESER7yoNS fROu THE OREGON.

Seattle Wash. June J.-Thcrc have been nfiy
deser,ions from the ranks ofthe marines and sea-
men Of the battlc-ship oregon since the ship
rived on the Sound about months ago. As
rule the deseTtcrs were new men, ana chafed under
the restraint and discipline OF flan-of-"ar.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
IN COLLISION IN THE CHANNEL.
one BRITIsH STEAMER CUT DOWN MD SUM
BY ANOTHER.

London June 1-A collision occurred to-day IN
the English Channel between the British steamer
RoccUn from Odessa, and the British steamer
Port Victor bound for Jamaica.
The Roeclin sunk and the Port VICTOR was
hadlv damaged and is being towed back 10 this
nor. Part of the crew Of the RoecT are on board
,he Port Victor; the remainder are supposed 10
have been landed by one of the Port VICTOR
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
Gas BILLS SIGNED BY GorEEyoR TAyNER.

Springfield Ill., June 5.-GoVornor Tanner to-day
signed the gas bills. As a result the companies
forming the Chicago Gas Trust VIII be able TO con
soldate saving thereby, IL IS said $3VVJJ ahhudiF
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
rup, E,THFJ GONDA IN A BAD POSlIlON.

couda from Ruenos Ayres for Boston previously
reported ashore near Micoud, on the east coast
of this island. lies in precarous Posi'@oni @ nos mmu
her cargo may become a loss. though II VIII pVs
flhly he salvable when the weather becomes
Nor
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06

COOL NORTHLAND. Grand bass and trout fish,
ing Ideal Summer home; refined families Owls
Head Hotel. Newport VI Particulars, 20 f. sd
-(AdvI
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
SINK BY FUERST BISMARCK
. FISHING BOAT RUN DOWN BY THE BIG
sTEAMER-FIVE LIVES LOST.

Hamburg. June 5.--The Hamburg American
vino steamer First Bismarck, Captain Albers
from New-York May u. which arrived here
,o-day. ran down an English fishing boat in the
yorth Sea yesterday morning while in the
-.,ss, NJ thick fog. Five occupants of the
hoat were drowned.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
C4uPOS SAYS RECALL WEYLER.

THE MARsHAL's ADVICE TO THE QUEEN RL'EN |
ON THE CUBAN PROBLEii'
Madrid, June 5.-The "Correspondehcia say
Marshal Martinez de Campos has adFlseu tiie
Queen Regent against retaining Generai "eEle'
as Captain General of Cuba.
The newspapers of this city unanimously eH.
press the opinion that the Cabinet CRISIS VIII emu
in the return of the Liberals to power
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
SNOW IN NTCHIGiN.

Marquette, Mich. June 5.-Snow fell here for hale
an hour last night. cold rain fell nearly all day
preceding H.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-06-06
WRECKED SAILORS OF THE K1NKoRA

EAST AWAY ON CLIPPERTON ISLAND AND IN
NEED OF PROVISIONS.
London June 5.-Later advices have been received
regarding the loss of the British snip kinHora cap
totn McMurtry from Vancouver for London. The
,r.te who Is in charge OF the part OF the crew
which reached Acapulco June 3. has sent cable mes
sage stating that the ship went ashore on Clipper
,on Island she is dismasted and so complete
wreck that there is nothing left salvabe. All the
heats had been smashed. excepting the one used ny
nim and the captain and remainder OF the crew
we've on tho island with no means or leaving II.
Captain NcNiurtry has twelve members OF the
shin's comnanv with him. They are IN need OF pro-
visions and want other assistance