davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30

that sum total were four-ffths of al the i'm
portations in the United States Of liquors Of
that class during the year. In addition 10 this
quantity of imported wines. 3otlOW gallons OF
Californian product came around by the ocean
route and up through the Narrows. OF the
400 600 900 gallons Of distilled spirits imported
into the United States during lS!'o. ISlirn gal
Ions came through the port of Greater New
York besides over 100000 gallons of American
whiskey reimported from Europe. and about
60 600 gallons Of California brandy. Add 10 these
figures abou; 5.000.UW gallons Of domestic whis-
key received during the same period. and the
measure Of the annual consumption and dis
tribution OF Greater New-York Is reached. mas
much as New-York draws to itself SO, large a
proportion OF wine and spirit importaticns. II is
but natural that foreign manufacturers should
make special efforts to keep their particular
brands constantly before the buyers Of this mar
ket and therefore many Of the larger European
manufacturers have resident agents in the city
who add largely both In numbers and influence
and in capital represented To the distinctly local
interests already mentioned. Likewise the great
dis,illeries OF the Middle States and the wine
producers of California and the region about
Lake Erie find 1t greatly to their advantage
to be represented at the metropolis of the Ma
ton. and their agents are active and persistent
In their efforts To convince both the whole
sale buyer and the great drinking public that
no goods from over the seas can rival in purity
and excellence the sparkling Catawba OF West
ern NewYork, or the handmade sour mash.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30
PTBLIC ACCOUNTANTS.

The business If the expert accountant has usu-
ally resembled either that Of the doctor or the
coroner: sometimes he was called into the count
ing-room to diagnose disease. and again was
summoned 70 the courthouse to make a post
mortem examination. But with the growth
Of great corporations operating in the IN
terest Of widely scattered stockholders. new
field of labor has opened for the skilled account
ant. who is now called In at stated Intervals 10
audit the accounts. and by his Independent In
vestigaton and report bring to officers and
shareholders alike a sense of satisfaction ard
security Nowadays the accountant Is oftener
counsellor than detective. and by his advice
methods Of bookke eping are adopted or created
that promote efficiency or record lost details or
save time money or annoyance The same
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30
STOVES AND RtNGES.

The stove and range industry of this country
ia about sixty years old The first stoves are
generally supposed to have been made in Troy
ar Albany ard the Hudson River Valley Is sun
ore of the chief seats of the industry About
,wertv firms do business in this city, and en-
rov a capitaI Of $4.ooOo Oo in round figures
The annual sales will reach close to S'.''".oo'
81 which, perhaps. one-hfth Is for export
American sto.es g. to europe, South africa
South America. Japan ana the gar r.aS. y ,ioa.
WORTHY fact in connection with the inanuii act
ar. 81 stoves Is that up to the bcelnnlnS 81 the
last half Of the present century pui rev "tie
,nad., I'm this country 10 burn coal. Wood burn
ors we're the only kind that cou he relied on "a
cell Another interesting fact IS that the "rha-
nentation Of stoves. now carried 10 very great
axtent WAS begun in 1871 10y Peter Is. Acker
who then made the experiment ~ putting nichel
knobs on the doors. Thcconception would nave
xiolded an immense fortune If II had n"eh
natented Trade has been duh for the Iasi
ihree wears. and prices have been cut "A sood
sI m. rr.sent condition. however. IL more
satisfactory. and the outlook Is bright
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30
AMERICAN HONEY.

It would seem a matter Of entire ind'nerence !"
the average New-Yorker whether the sumac
blossoms about Los Angeles are abundant or
not or whether the alfalfa crop up In the san
JOAQUIN Valley he bountiful or otherwise ana X
a late frost or an early drouth should blight tho
buds of the linden trees In Ohio or wither the
huckwh.at blossoms in New-York state ne
would probably feel no sense Of personal calam-
itv but if the average NswYorker eats honey on
his breakfast cakes he may not hope TO escape
entirely the results OF such a disaster. For II
would ultimately fall in some degree upon him.
Greater New-York is the principal distributing
point as well az the largest consumptve market
for American honey, and the State of New-forS
stands second only to California as producer.
The four southern counties of California produce
about 200 carloads annually OF which Greater
New-York consumes nearly one-third. besides
very large quantities Of honey in the comb from
the Middle and Eastern States. Although most
of the honey used for household purposes reaches
the consumer through the medium Of the retail
grocer. there are many firms which handle 1t In
a wholesale way. and one. at least. that deals In
/. almost exclusively and receives large quaint
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30
WHOLESALE GROCERIES.
SEVEN GREAT FIRMS DO AN ANNUAL
BUSINESS OF S1OOOOOOOO.


NuAL TRADE OF 2soooocoo-EsrIMATED
CAPITAL. OF SOS oooooo IN THE BUsI-
NESS. WHICH EMPLOYS MORE
THAN 10000 PEOPLE.
The Wholesale grocers Of New-York buy OF
the world and sell to the continent Sixty
houses did a gross business last year OF you
100000 Seven Of the houses handled $780,
10000 Of the trade The business Is near the
vital needs Of the people That Is perhaps why
1t did not feel the general depression as traders
in other lines did Receivcrshps, foreclosure
sales and insolvency were not incidents OF the
metropolitan grocery wholesaling during 1896.
OF the worlds coffee production for the year
ending June 30. 1895, II 3jO0OO bags were de-
livered in the United States and In Europe.
Three quarters Of he 4565,434 bags that came
to the United States were distributed by the
New-York grocers and importers The remain
der came into the United States at other ports
or overland from the plantations Of Mexico. The
price to the United States Of coffee. as OF other
staple groceries, was regulated by the New YorA
quotations. The consumption Of coffee by all
Europe as compared with that of the united
States was as four to three.
In tea the New York grocers and importers
handled about thrce-hfths Of the UoooooO
pounds brought into the country. less proper
ton than Of coffee for the reason that he I'M
ports were largely by the westward routes. FROM
China Japan and the East Indies. Tea that
was for the consumption Of Western States was
consigned direct to the distributing centres Of
the West 1t was a waste Of energy to haul the
tea two ways.
New-York wholesale groccrs In sugar, IN
canned goods in all the other staples handled
81 tho
country's trade Chicago has one house at
least that does a business equal TO any In this
city St Louis Philadelphia. Boston have large
houses Every capital Of an interior district In
the country has Its wholesalers and jobbers that
supply part Of the retail dealers Of the district
TO the exclusion Of New-York direct but not to
the exclusion Of New-York indirectly. New
York sells staples TO the interior jobbers and
Wholesalers New York is the great warehouse
or rather the temporary depot Of the groceries
on their way from the producer to the retail dis
tributor To begin with. the New-York whole
saler sells to the 10000 retail grocers Of the
metropolitan district. who subdivide with the
3 100000 persons Of the allied cities. Then the
New York wholesaler in limited lines sells to the
wholesalers and Iobbers In every other city OF
the country Then the New-York wholesalers.
by means OF travelling saesmcn-single houses
employing 800 or more-canvasS the stOrekeep
ers Of every crossroads village in the States adj
jacent to the city
The New-York grocery trade is continental
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30

so now that one firm Of brokers has come to
be known in Wall-st. experts on this or
that particular list Of securities. Every possible
condition which may happen to arise In the
country at large which might possibly add to or
decrease the value OF stocks is carefully con-
sidered All sides Of it weighed and seriously
discussed The slightest lack in Judgment may
mean the loss Of thousands Of dollars to custom
ers and to the brokers themselves II. however
the judgmen: turns out to be satisfactory. GUS
toners and brokers happy. Some brokers
look particularly after Reading; others Northern
Pacific. Sugar. Jersey Central. Chicago Gas and
so on. The Metropolitan Street Railway Com
pany has provided wide field for specu-
lation Various firms Of brokers. friendly to the
political party to which most Of the hackers Of
this corporation belong. handle this stock
tensvely. The Union Railway Company. better
known as the Huckeberry Railroad also has
been one of the local stocks which one Of the
largest firms of brokers has made a specially
The banking firm of which former Governor is
the head Is looked upon the main supporter
of Chicago Gas. This firm is one Of the few
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30

The purposes for which lead Is used may be
stated according 20 the quantity Of the metal
consumed in the following order: Manufacture
OF white lead. sheet lead. shot. pipe. solder.
she athing for subway wires, electrical batter
les White lead was first made in this country
in Philadelphia about a century ago. II Is
rroduced by suhjoctng the metal to the corro-
sion of carbonic acid Solder is produced by
mixing lin with lead in certain proportions
About 10000 tons Of lead are sold annually IN
this city 1t is derived from Missouri, utdh.
Montana, Colorado. Idaho and New-Mexico
Ten concerns are engaged in the trade IN TINS
CITY with AL aggregate capital Of SlWo,WW.
The value of the raw material used annually Is
about 81 jO.OOO and the sales Of the various
nroducts will probably reach SJ.OOO.OOO. The or
ranization of the Lead Trust has prevented
serious cutting ~ prices and the rapid devel-
opment Of electricity has created a demand for
new products The condition of the trade has
therefore been more satisfactory than that Of
most others The present condition Is fair. and
monufacturers expect n marked improv ement
with the advent Of the new year.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30

concentration Of energy in a single direction
that makes specialists in law and medicine
operates in public accounting. One man makes
a specially Of mercantile accounts, another Oh
banking. insurance and railroads Municipal
corpora tions and accounts in litigation nave
each their special coterie Of accountants trained
by long study and practice TO uneriing SIKH
each in his part .cuIar direction. with resultant
neglect of other departments Of accounting tnac
leads 10 only Indifferent attainment In then
BY a recent act Of the New-lork Legislature
public accounting has been recognized az one OF
the learned professions to be safeguarded by
regulations governing eligibility and eXami'
nation Of candidates by a Board or Examiners
appointed by the Regents OF the University. and
70 he digniied by granting certificates of quail
Acation and the degree and title Of Certified
Puhlic AccOuntant.'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30

tree in front Of what Is now No. 60 Wali-st
When the weather was pleasant the members
got together in the open air. but on stormy days
they went 10 the office of some friendly broker.
and there bought and sold the stocks In which
they dealt From these Office meetings grew
the present Stock Exchange. From an annual
admission of nothing the value OF memberships
has W that at one time they were
worth not less than $4,000 Now. however. a
seat can be bought for about one-haf o. That
As a rule The stock brokers devote themselves
10 special lines Of effort. In the old days hrok-
ers handled all sorts Of business. They did not
make specially as they do nowadays of spe-
ciic lines Of stocks. They handled their invest
mnts then individually and they rose and fell
In the financial world just they were success
III or unfortunate in their investments.
Most Of the brokers now In Wall-st. spe
cialsts. They deal in certain special lines OF
stoGs. and their customers trade with them in
thee various lines. The brokers and their in
oiviual customers now make a study Of GER
tai. stock, while at the same time dealing in
vaious other properties spasmodicay. 1t Is
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30

, the daily aggregate Of shares Of STOCK whicn
changed hands was 10000. Since then win one
or two exceptions due TO temporary panlcs' the
daily average has been less than louoou Ac-
cording to the annual report OF the STOCK Elk
change for 1896 only 51,ODOOoo shares were
dealt in for the year. During good times tne
amount of business which the brokers on ,he
Exchange do should have been double that
number When times are hard men WIN caP'-
tai do not risk their funds in wall street. Ihey
put them away I'm the banks and safe deposit
vaults This leaves the brokers only one al
Tentative. and that is 10 play against one an
other That makes wha: is termed an INSIDE
market" Then the skill OF the gambler comes
into play The big men with long p4nk ac-
counts can do Just about they please. FOR
the little fellows too tmd 10 make nght
against them. II would mean their ruination
IL they did. But as a rule. the big men are
content If tho various lines Of stocks which
they are carrying are not interfered with ma
,erially and they let the small fry flop around
in the pool knowing that they can put stop
on them AZ any time they desire.
Let a stranger go into the gallery OF one or
The exchanges al almost any time and he VIII
wonder why 1t is that the police force Is not
called up to prevent physical injury beng
done to the men the floor. He VIII see
groups OF men apparently in n high state Of eX-
element shaking their fists at one another ana
hear them shouting something unintelligible Al
the top OF their voices. Several dozen political
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30

arguments at the height Of bitter campaign
hardly would compare with "a scene on the eX-
cnange hoor. even In tn" most ordinary times.
But when there Is n panic in the market there
Is real excitement Thu conditions which pre-
vailed among the brokers under the general cir
cumstances can be coltrasted only TO the blowing
OF a gentle summer breeze and the wild sweep or
a tornado In panic times men seem TO lose alb
soute control Of themselves. Orders 10 buy
and sell come pouring in upon the brokers thick
and fast They rush from one point 10 an
other wrought up To the highest pitch or ex-
element. First the hat is discarded IL goes
knows where. The coat is nearly torn
| off In the desperate effort to worm through the
bowling mob of brokers who are trying TO save
or make money. The buttons from the waist
coat are torn of. The cravat or necktie goes.
and the collar soon follows II. The mixing up
OF two teams of football players could produce
to the spectators no greater tangie. But the
brokers with pads and pencils keep their wits
about them and execute orders. both in buying
and selling. with great rapdty
The bears are selling while the bulls are buying
stocks Of all sorts as their orders from the Office
come In. Messenger boys in Confederate gray
uniforms run here and there shouting out the
names Of the brokers. The brokers are wanted
to talk with their offices over the private tele-
phone The office may have received a hint from
some source other and the quicker the Ex-
change member learns Ii the better II VIII he.
When broker is called from group with which
he may he doing business. his brother brokers
await with considerable anxiety his return from
the telephone. They are quick to catch every
possible point which may aid them In their ac-
called away may have been selling certain
stock, hut when ne returns To the group he may
take all that is offered to him. Then there Is a
grand rush for the private telephones. Every
brokers' office which has dealings in this partcu-
lar line of stock is quickly told that such firm
is either buying selling. Instructions are given.
and the brokers return to do more shouting and
shake their fists more vigorously In one another's
faces.
The men who the losing side Of the mar
ket become more desperate and excited "a the
closing hour approaches. and they watch the big
clock constantly. Each second means dollars
possibly. Finally the gong sounds All noise
and shouting cease almost before the brassy re-
verbrations have died away. The losing side pulls
itself together and tries to count up losses The
winners hot Mustered and excited sea~"h for
hats. collars and ties. and march with almost
military step 10 their respective offices. there to
receive the congratulations Of partners or ON
ployers
| The public is nuIck to learn that there is
| panic In Wall Street Hundreds Of men ard
women flock to tho stock Exchange to see the
| show. The crush often becomes So great that the
galleries are closed and the police are cont for
| to keep back the curiously inclined crowd.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30

he NAV have beheld In prophetic vision certain
big black magnums Of Madeira with the initials
ID L." blown into the squat. bulging sides. that
one Dominick Lynch famous old wine ner-
chant of New-Y York. used to dispense to his Gus
toners along about the year 1900, when the
present Canal-st was actually canal and not
a street and marked the northern limit of the
city Once In while in recent years bottle
of that rare old wine has been discovered In
some ancient garnet or musty wine cellar. only
to be seized upon by some connosseur and care
fully treasured and bequeathed to succeeding
generations as a priceless treasure. Dominica
Lynch and his wine cellars were conspicuous
figures in the business Of the city ninety years
ago. but nowadays he would he quite lost to
sight among the 100 importers and :'''o
other wholesale dealers in wine and spirits who
strive together in keen competition for the pat
ronage of the 10000 retail establishments of
ono sort and another where the products Of the
winepress and the still can he procured by the
thirsty public of this great city; and his few
pipes of aromatic Sercial and rich colored Malm-
sew would be swept along unnotced IN the toai
wave of twelve to fifteen million gallons OF VINE
and spirits that annually pours into Greater
New-York.
These figures tell in A word the story or New
Works SUPREMACY in a traffic that is Of vast
and growing importance from either the iher-
chants or the political economists point Oh
view An analysis of the statistics FOR any SIN
gle year-as for instance. 1s!o. when, on ac-
count Of the prevailing business depression. the
volume of total receipts was far below the aver
COO ~ nrevious years reaching only l2.VlnOJo
gallons-w,l show that the 3OOo.oUo gallons on
sparkling and still wines that are included IN
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30
MFTROPOLITAN CLCB-ENTRANCE.
noss an thnlr nnn account hesides

which do business their own account besides
taking orders for customers.
Comparatively little business is done
days in the outright purchase of stocks ana
bonds. Most of the business is done on what
are called margins. An order may come by
telephone, telegraph by word Of mouth for
brokerage firm to buy or sell = certain number
of shares Of a specified stock. If the customer
is an old one he is simply charged on the Office
books with the margin and the commission for
doing the business. Should this customer bt
we'll known he will he charged only per cent
for margins If. on the other hand. he is new
one. 20 per cent Of the purchasing price VIII be
asked of him. Legitimate firms of brokers carry
out these orders they are given. Tho rules or
the New-York Stock Exchange compel every
member of it to buy sell as his orders require.
The idea Of this is to make the transactions in
Nuence the market price of stocks much as
possible.
The floor Of the Stock Exchange is broad
enough to hold several hundred men. At inter-
walls are standards at the top of which are black
boards bearing the name of a particular stock.
Around these standards are grouped the brokers'
who have orders 20 buy or sell Part OF them
are bulls the remainder are hears. The bulis
try to push up the value Of the stocks In which
they are interested. while the bears endcnvor TO
depreciate them in value. The bulls take ac-
vantage OF every favorable condition to lniiu-
ence the market, and the bears use very I'M
fax,orabIe one TO the same end. The bulls want
values TO increase and the bears want them |.
decrease All sorts of reports ana ruinoTs are
crculsted by each OF the cOntendlnS parties
E,yerv Kind of scheme that fertile and ingenious
brains can invent is used 10 cause the market 10
go up or down. 1000 I,.;
Ever since the Cleveland panic OF 1875 busl-
,aas ON the whole on the Stock Exchange has
heen exceedingly dull. Previous TO that time
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30
MATCHES.

Few things In the world are 50 trivial as .
match. and probably few who read The Trib-
une would imagine that match concern
operating in New-York Is the source of the
livelihood OF upward of $1,000 persons. Now
try to figure how many houses and what size
Of houses 100000 feet OF lumber would build.
Then remember that four times that
VIZ i0W000OO fee, OF pne-is sawed up
into matches Ia one year by one New-York com.
pany. This company makes 6O.00o.0n matches
a day-in round numbers. twenty thousand mill.
ions a year. And. now remembering that this
is but Of the match companies OF thu
United States. try to comprehend the extent OF
this industry In little things. The two great
match companies in New-York employ about
100 people. and their total output is about
S6OOO.0o0 per year in value. or this only
about ) per cent is exported the frepaces,
chandeliers. pipes cigars. lamps. candles and
cigarettes lighted In Uncle Sans realm using
up the rest The match. slight and worthless
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30

especially to London. a great market for the
globe. The foreign and domestic buyers gre
negotiating ceaselessly for things In quantity
which a few days. weeks or months later VIII
be broken up into small lots and sold Inc
capital is turned over again and again durlns
the year. the problem being to keep the money
engaged for the shortest possible length el
time by finding a buyer for purchased go
Often merely the credit of the house carries
the goods from producer to retail dealer. without
the expenditure Of any money. The wholesaler
handles the baking powders, oatmeals. canned
goods sugars and roasted coffees Of the mani
facturers without having a dollar tied up IN
those particular goods The wholesaler is The
agent the commission man of the manufact-
urer.
The wholesale grocers Of New-York nave. II
is estimated, S25 100000 Of capital in the bust
ness The fortunes Of the men managing the
business are several times that amount More
than $4,000 persons are engaged In 1t directly
or Indirectly
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-30
4NG0STER4 RITTERS.

CIubmen take them In tneir cocktails Tor an
appetzer. tired lawyers and office men tax"
them in soda or something stronger for
"braccr" doctors prescribe them for weak ana
nervously Frustrated women. but how many
know what they are and where they come fromf
Angostura btters were first made by the sur
ceon- General of the Venezuelan Army. at the
CITY Of Ancostura. on the Orinoco River. In the
wear 1894. and are a connection OF three simple
vegetable extracts that are peculiar to that
country. The name. which is dear as the clink
If the ice in the pitcher to men who arc won't
N have amplifei heads in the early morning.