The daily morning journal and courier., 1897-07-03

luOlS ana peCulHlHS IueCiidHiSS dPPiSA- tices on leaving the institute. The pu- pils on entering must be at least l21a years of age, and pass an examination in arithmetic, English, geography and history and be of Jewish percentage.
 "In 1887 the institute was enlarged and moved into new quarters and took up manual training with Its many al- turing promises of a practical educa- tion. Since that time we have been set ting down to a system which is com bination of manual training and trade school work.
 "The course occupies three years, called junior, middle and senior years.
 "The school is divided into two gen. eral epartments-mechanic and English. The manual departments are junior wood working, middle wood working, senior pattern making and moulding, machine shop, mechanical drawing, carving and electrical work. The English department includes those studies usually taught in the public schools.
 During the senior year the pupils select 0 special course to pursue, and extra time is allowed in that depart ment, usually ten hours per week. It is this special time that will be consid- cred in this paper. 4
 Flight or ten years ago well equipped school would have a course in physical laboratory work, consisting of making we'll known tests and exper- iments in hydrostatics, pneumatics, heat, light, sound and few expert- ments in static electricity; in my opin- ion great many of these experiments were of little practical value and were selected on account of extreme simplici- ty and cheapness of the apparatus one question which was constantly l asked by my pupils while we carried on the physical laboratory course was | To what use can we put this knowl- edge when we leave school?' and I must confess that there were very few of | the physical laboratory experiments which bore a close relation to work which he might perform during the first 1 five or ten years after leaving the school
 After careful consideration I devel- | oped few experiments as test. by | selecting those which could be used and l appreciated by pupil who was es- | pecially interested In the machine shop work.
 | "Time will not permit me to compare the value of the ordinary physical ex- periments with electrical experiments, but it is well known that enough cleo | trical experiments can be selected to cover the subjects of heat light, sound, | mechanics and the newly developed science of electro-chemistry
 'On account of the rapid development and the general application of elec- | tricity to the industrial arts, the physi- l cal laboratory course has gone out of existence and a portion of the impor- tant work is now carried on during the time devoted to electricity. The actual number of physical experiments made during the term and not covered by the electrical experiments during the course being less than 20 per cent.
 "The course now consists of about sixty experiments besides the electrical measurements, which have kept sepa- rate.
 There are fourteen experiments in the work on primary batteries and the pupils study the chemical actions, the application of different types of cells, and measure, by means of volt-meter and an ammeter the e. m. f., current, | each cell. By the time they have fin- ished this series of experiments they have very clear ieda of the advan- tages of each cell.
 'As special pieces of apparatus are re- quired in the laboratory for experiment tai work or to be used during the lec- lures and reeitations, towards the end of the term they are made as special exercises.
 Many machines and pieces of appar- atus were made in the machine shop, during the time that the usual thread cutting, boring and turning exercises were in progress before the introduc- ton into the curriculum of the electro mechanical department and the success attained in their construction and the great interest manifested by the pupils was the reason for Introducing the electro mechanical work into the course in connection with the theoretical and laboratory work.
 Tive small model dynamos of about one-quarter horse power each, of the following types, Weston Manchester Gramme, Sprague and Mordey, also an Edison dynamo of one kilo watt capa- city. This dynamo, which was one of the llrSL pieces or electrlcaI apparatus made in tha school, was built during the term of 1S90-1. The design and rough sketches and the electrical calculations were made in the laboratory and the drawings were made in the mechanical drawing department; the patterns were then completed in the woodworking de- partment and the iron castings obtain ed from an iron foundry nearby, the school not having facilities for such work The work on the castings was distributed among several pupils in the machine shop, and when completed was sent back to the laboratory where the magnet coils and the armature coils were wound and the completed ma. chine tested
 The machine is now used in several tests such as generation of electro motive force, distribution of potential around the commutator, distribution ot magnetic field, determining efficiency and several other tests when operating as an electric motor. Collecting rings are also provided so that it will deliver an alternating current.''
 At p. m. the association held its business meeting.
 The following officers were elected fol the ensuing year: President, Charles R. Richards, Pratt institute. Brooklyn;