davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21

vegetable matter in the soil. which of
course renders the nitrogen more avail
able. II soil is sour. an application
of lime will sweeten II. II a green
crop is plowei under. an application of
lime will prevent the soil from becom-
ing acid. There is one effect of lime
that has no doubt frequently been no.
ticed, although wrong conclusions have
been drawn from II. II has often been
experienced that an application Of
lime proves very beneficial TO clovers OF
gil kinds. II was formerly thought
that the lime itself was the only fer
tilizer needed for the clover; Il Is now
known, however, that the beneficial ae-
ton of the lime upon clover is due to
the fact that the lime liberates other
plant food in the soil. notably potash.
which Is of so much Importance In sue
eessful clover culture. 1t will be seen.
however, that the continued appliea-
ton of lime along would soon cause the
soil to become exhausted OF its natu-
raj supply. not only of potash. but also
OF phosphorie acid. and in time the
land would become clover sick. which is
a condition often met with.-Farmers'
Review.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
EXCHANGING EGGS.

A Practice Which Is Permitted to
Flourish Too Freely.
1t is not unusual to have neighbor
request you to exchange eggs with
him, and such neighbor may have been
the first to condemn your enterprise in
purchasing new blood and pure breeds.
AS rule every farmer who steps out
side of the beaten path or ventures into
something better is at once classed as
a crank or book farmer; but sooner
or later his neighbors will show a will
ingness to obtain his stock if they can
exchange" with him. He must go to
the expense of bringing the stock into
the community, and il he fails he is set
down as lacking in intelligence; but
when he succeeds he receives no credit.
There is no reason why one should ex-
change eggs of pure breeds for those
from scrub fowls any more than Jer-
sey calf should be exchanged for one
from a nondescript COW. When eggs
are sold for Matching they represent
something more than their value for
the table. Those who buy them do not
want eggs, but stock, the eggs rep
resenting the embryo young of the de-
sired breed. Any farmer who procures
pure breeds should be encouraged by
his neighbors, as he benefits the whole
community.-Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
SOME HELPFUL HINTS.

Scatter manure as fast as 1t is
hauled out.
Get all of the manure out possible be-
fore planting.
Breeding from immature stock has a
strong tendency to degenerate the off,
spring.
One object in pruning is to lessen
the amount of fruit and increase its
quality.
Feed the growing pigs good ration
Of ship-stuff wet up with skim-milk
twice daily.
Clean, well-fitting harness for the
work teams will often save having sore
shoulders.
In order that the horses may get the
full benefit of their rest at noon, al
ways remove the harness.
With pigs it is always best to push
the growth and sell young, and in that
way lessen the risk of loss.
Stops made of bran and middlings
with skim-milk makes one of the very
best foods for sucking sows.
The aim in breeding should be to
build up vitality, standing and capa-
bility for rapid development.
Commence cultivating as soon as
possible after planting. This is the
easiest way of keeping in a good con-
dition.-Farmers' Union.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
PIG PEN POINTERS.

There is encouragement in the gen.
eral aequiescence in the policy of CIV
ing swine range-plenty of grass and
clover, and less of the everlasting corn
diet. We no longer aim at masses of
living lard.
Boar pigs that are doing service need
careful attention and good feeding. Do
not feed any great quantity of corn; try
few peas, ground oats and handful
OF oil meal, and exercise them as much
as possible.
In majority of cases, however good
may be the clover patch which the farm
en- has for his hogs, it will pay to buy
supply of ship-stuff to feed with it.
This for the sake of variety and for the
good of the pasture.
Plenty of hogs are killed by quack
nostrums when cholera is supposed to
De In the herd. Aconite and concen-
trated I've are fed plentifully and hogs
oie' Starvation is better treatment
than rank poisons Unfortunately fed.
We can reduce the cost of pork by
reducing the time in which we grow it.
SOo-pound pig, well marked with lean,
Is demanded. This can be got ready in
SIX months often. and where butter
ualry is run a considerable greater
weight can be procured.-Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
THE CITIZEN FREDERICK FRIDAY MORNING. MAY q 1897

increasing in strength, and by the time
the white clover harvest is fairly under
way it will be strong enough to give
you a rousing swarm. and you will
now have two strong colonies for II,
while the two weaklings have only Just
begun fairly to build up. They stood
still. not showing any increase in num-
Der for long time. evidently needing
all the strength they had to keep I'D
existence and make good the loss of the
dying bees by the young bees raised.
If, instead of trying to increase. the
effort be to get all the honey possible,
supposing neither colony offers to
swarm, the difference is fully as notice
able, if not more so. The united COLONY
will have more bees than there are in
both the others. It is easy to see that
1t will store more surplus. But if you've
had no experience in the matter il NAV
be hard for you to believe how much
more.-Farmers' Union.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
LOCATION OF FEED BINS.

eve and lamb shut up therein until the
lamb has sufficient strength to mingle
with the flock without risk of life. A
number of these small pens may be set
up if necessary, and when not in use
they may be stored away in very small
space. We are indebted to Mr.. George
McKerrow for this idea, and since he is
one of the most successful sheep grow
ers in Wisconsin his recommendation
have great weight. We have tested the
value of small box-like pens, but the
gates are more convenient and require
less room when not in use.
The basement should be seven and
half or eight feet high, and the loft
above should be of sufficient height to
provide storage room for hay and fod-
der.
The feed bins may be located in the
loft and conveyed to a mixing box at
the end of the feeding alley by means Of
spouts, as shown in Fig.2.
Watering tanks may be located in the
division fences and the supply regu-
lated by floats.-John L. Shaver, in
National Stockman.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
How TO Move Large Hogs.

Make a cage or box large enough
to hold the hog, but without bottom.
To get the hog in, throw down an ear
of corn, and while she is eating it let
two men lift the cage and put it over
her. One can do it by tipping it just
right. Have loose bottom ian old door
will do very well) little wider and
longer than the cage; place this from
the ground to the wagon or sleigh. Car
~ or drag the cage along the ground
and up the slanting floor, and the hog
will walk right on the sleigh or wagon
herself, and there will be no lifting
excepting the cage. Throw the bottom
on top of cage, put chain over and
fasten to wagon. When unloading, just
reverse the operation.-Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
Cure for Feather Eating.

/ have experienced considerable DIFF
fculty in effectually curing fowls of the
bad habit of feather eating, and found
the following a certain cure after fail
ing with parafin, pairing the bill, etc.:
Take piece of wire OF the thickness of
an ordinary hairpin, bind it round the
top portion Of the bill near the end,
sufficiently tight as not to allow it to
slip off. This will not prevent the bird
from eating or drinking, but will pre-
vent it's closing its bill sufficiently tight
to draw feathers, and the bad habit is
soon observation-disclosures Poultry
KeeDer,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
STRONG COLONIES.
""hout Them Bookkeeping Ii Sure to
BE a Disappointment.

""hout Them Bookkeeping La Sure TO
BE a Disappointment.
one OF the difficult things for the
novice in beekeeping to learn is that
ven strong colonies will store more
money than twenty weak ones. There
% an anxiety for large numbers, and
sacn colony is counted one, no matter
POW feeble it may be. So the mex
perlenced is often delighted at get
ung TWO, three, or even four or five
s"arms from a single colony, notwith-
sanding the fact that the last two
VI " tnree swarms contain only a hand
.ui OF bees. They make sure to die be-
.ose the winter is over, and then he de-
S'ues that he doesn't care for such very
. Weah colonies. but still clings to the
,uOught that one strong enough to
ave through it is all right.
many times, however, it is true econ
ny to lessen the number, even with
s as vie" of having the largest num-
g., possible in the succeeding fall.
suppose, for instance, there are four
h nssk colonies in the spring, each one
Eng enough bees to fairly cover
w W. combs. Unite two of them and
w w the other two without uniting.
~. aOu now have only three colonies in
a. eau OF four, and yet you may be bet
~ .o on' for the one colony, with bees
er Dour combs, will go right ON
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
AMONG THE POULTRY.

No brooding pen should contain over
80 chicks.
From IS to 40 ducks and brakes are
allowed in pen.
Broilers shrink about half-pound
each when dressed.
The shell of an egg contains about IS
grains of salt of lime.
Forty dressed ducklings are packed in
barrel for shipment.
The duck averages ten dozen eggs in
about seven months laying.
Build the house ten by ten feet for
ten fowls, and the yard ten times larger.
Ducklings are marketed at five pounds
weight, which they attain in ten weeks.
Ten dozen eggs year is the average
estimate given as the production of the
hen.
About four dozen eggs are given as an
average for the annual output of the
turkey.
Duck feathers sell at 40 cents per
pound; goose feathers bring double
the amount.
Between 40 and so degrees is the prop
er temperature to keep eggs for hatch
ing during winter.
Eggs intended for Matching should not
be kept over four weeks. They must
be turned over everS day or two.
1t will require seven pounds of
skinned milk to equal one pound of
lean beef for flesh-forming qualities.
One dollar per head is the average
cost of keeping fowl year, and the
same amount is fair estimate of the
profts.-Poultry Monthly.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
Americans Dance Well.

Americans are the best dancers in the
world, says Carl Marwig. The Russians
come second and the Spaniards third.
The French and Germans do not count,
When Americans dance abroad every
one else stops dancing to watch them.
A leader of cotillions, Mr.. Marwig be-
lieves, is born, not made. He must
have a certain mental cleverness and
quickness. His figures must be de-
veloped as the dance progresses. They
must be simple, as well as attractive,
and the man who is not born cotillion
leader will not make the dance sue
cess.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
LIME ON THE FARM.
Its Effect ON the Soil Should Be
Studied More Closely.

Its Effect ON the Soil should Be
Studied More Closely.
Lime is a much used, and very often
at the same time, much abused ma
terial on the farm. 1t has very i'm
portant role to play, and, II handled
in the proper manner, is valuable aid
to the farmer. There are many who
use this material again and again
with mistaken notion as to its true
functions in the soil. In time, how
ever, their experience teaches them the
true place of lime in agriculture, but
often their lands have been almost
exhausted before they gain their wis
dom. While lime has value as q
plant food, yet its greatest worth on
the farm is due to its physical effect
on the soil itself. It is very seldom
that soil does not contain sufficient
quantity of lime to furnish this ingre-
dent as plant food pure and simple.
Briefly described, the actions OF lime
are as follows: If applied on a sandy
soil it fills up the openings, makes the
particles adhere closer, causes them
to retain moisture better, to absorb
less heat during the day and to retain
more at night. On clay soils 1t sepa-
rates the particles, making the soil
more porous, thus easier or the pas
sage of water and air, and therefore
makes the soil warmer and easier to
work. Lime also hastens the decay OF
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
NEAT NESTING ARRANGEMENT.

the partition, the dotted lines showing
position Of partition between the dark
walk and the nests. A hinged cover,
shown by dotted lines, gives access to
this alleyway, so it can be swept &C.
casionally. Below the nests are grated
openings Into the hallway so that the
fowls can be fed and watered in the
hall, thus affording no chance of spill
ing or soiling the food or water. With
this arrangement nearly all the work
Of caring for the fowls can be done
from the hallway.-American Agricul-
turist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
sawdust L. DangerOus,

Do not put sawdust in poultry pens.
II the fowls eat it there may soon be
some cases of cropbound chickens, as it
is liable to pack in the crop. 1t also
gathers moisture and causes dampness.
No matter how convenient a pile of
sawdust may be it had best be let alone.
Road dust is much better. This applies
to fowls that are confined. When al
lowed a free range they are not likely to
eat so much of any thing SO undesirable
as sawdust that it will injure them,
but when shut up they do not dis
criminate very closely when it comes
to filling their crops.--Dakota Field and
Farm.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
SCATTERING CLOUDS.
American Rainmnkers' Plan Used Z
Prevent Sforma.

american Hainmnkers' Plan Used 60
Prevent storms.
Possibly il was from noticing the un-
successful attempts made by the would
be rainmakers in the United States to
bring down showers when wanted that
an ingenious Austrian grape grower
was induced TO exactly reverse the
American practice. An account of his
experiment is reported by United
States Consul Stephan at Annaberg.
The Austrian owned extensive vine
yards situated on the southern slopes
of the mountains, in a locality often
visited by destructive hailstorms. At
first he tried galvanized wire. and he
decided to install a battery and test the
plan of causing explosions TO drive off
the hailstorms. He erected six stations
on prominent mountain SUBMITS COM
manding a territory about two miles
in extent. Each station sheltered ten
mortars and a corps OF volunteers
handled them. The practical test is
thus described:
Threatening black clouds made their
appearance on the SUBMITS of the
Bacher mountains. At a given signal
all the mortars were fired off and the
continuous detonations in a few mo-
ments caused a sudden reaction in the
movements of the clouds. The cloud
wall opened up funnel-like; the mouth
of the funnel began to rise in the form
of consecutive rings, expanding gradu-
ally until all the clouds scattered and
entirely disappeared. No hail nor sud-
den downpour of rain fell. The same
experience was gone through six times
last summer, and without a single ex-
ception proved a successful preventive.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
-~-->------ 49,
ea.sL$ IlSSvg
Mlh6iGAKDfN.
$50 EssAss SrRI
CONVENIENT GRANARY.
Lumber and Other Material Require,
VIII Cost SSs.

Lumber and Other Material Required
Will Cost SsS.
This building is IA by 20 feet, and IA
feet high to the caves. The lower part
Is 7H feet high. The bins are slanting
as shown. Grain is put In above and
drawn out at S S. The steps of stair
way S W, are seven inches high, so that
it is easy to carry grain up and empty
1t into the bins in each side. To get the
grain out is always hardest, but in this
granary it is the easiest work, as all you
have to do is hold the bag under the
spout (S), turn the shut-off, and the grain
does the rest. 1t is only play to sack a
load of grain. One man can do II as
fast as two with half-bushel.
There are three bins on each side in
my granary, each of 200 bushels capac-
ity. The space on upper floor between
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
Small Farms Pay Best,

Large farms are not the ones that
pay best. A farm of rs acres that pro-
duces go bushels of corn per acre will
give profit, when farm Of 80 acres,
producing only 80 bushels per acre, is
operated at a loss; yet the total guam
tity of corn is the same for both farms.
The reason the smaller farm may pay
is that less labor in proportion to yield
is required. The larger farm will de-
mand twice as much blowing, cultivat-
ing and narrowing as the smaller one,
and the expense of hauling and spread
ing the manure, harvesting the crop.
ETC., is much greater.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
GATE THAT CANNOT SAG.

will not sag, and then hang it to sup
ports that soon bend under the weight
pulling upon them, or lose their foot
ing and slide out of place. The gate
and gateway here figured are braced
from every point, as can be seen, and
SO must always remain firmly in posi-
ton. 1t takes more time and lumber to
build such a gate, but it is time and
lumber profitably spent. - American
Auriculturist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21

It costs about five cents to produce a
pound of poultry, even at the heaviest
feeding, says writer in the American
Poultry Advocate. A poor hen weigh
ing six pounds can be gotten to the
weight of eight pounds in from ten to
twenty days-seldom more than two
weeks-and II the market price Is IL
cents per pound she will bring IA cents
owing to the extra quality, but allowing
1914 cents per pound she will bring one
dollar.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
AN EXCELLENT PLAN.

Nesting and Breeding Arrangement
for a Poultry Farm.
Dark nests and convenience in gath
ering eggs from them characterize the
plan shown herewith. The right of the
cut represents the hallway, from which
the nests are reached by lifting the
hinged cover, as shown. The entrance
to the nests is seen on the pen side of
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
DoAD NOTICE.

We, the undersigned citizens and ta xna vara
81 Frederick ,unty, State Of Marvland do
hereby give notice that on the first Monday in
June. to'wlt, the Tth day of June, 1897. we In.
tend 70 petition the County Commissioners
ot Frederick County, State OF Maryland. ia
close road used by the public I'm the said
county. beginning at point ON the FREDERICK
anu EInmitshurg Turnpike Road, In Election
district NO. Q, Of said Frederick County.
knOwn as Red Hin and running throngh tSa
lands Of Nj. st. Mary 4 College almost nar MY
W Win tne SAID turnpike, past the front gate
% the said college, TO a point where the said
college lands adIon the lands OF James ia.
sensteei ON the old mountain road leading
rom aAid college to the Pennsy IvanIa lima
anu also that other piece OF road used bv the
public. beginning AT the said front gate on saId
college on the Rad just above Described and
running thence through the said COLLEGE ands
70 point on the Frederick and FmmItshnry,
turnpike koad. q short distance north IN fhe
place where The road just above intersects the
EDw, r. ALLEN, President.
w. l.. O'Hara.
Nlee-fFesident Mt. 81. Marys College,
JNo. J. TIERNEY, Prof
ERNEST soJoURI.
JOHN HOKE,
WILLIAM ]. MEEHAN,
ALoNzO PEDDICoRD.
JAMES RosENsTEEL.
HENRY LINGG,
may 80 and Others.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
FLOOR PLAN OF SHEEP BARN.

grow as fast as the value is appre-
lated. Believing that the future of
sbeep husbandry is full of promise we
resent a plan for sheep barn.
The barn is 40xS0, with a feeding
.lley lengthwise and separating the
kables. The portable racks are used
. make subdivisions. These racks may
u moved to one side and the wagon or
panure spreader driven through the
stables for convenience in cleaning out
be manure. Each stable has in con-
ectiou with it an open lot or paddock
b which the sheep may run at all times.
Where lambs are grown number of
! ouble gates are very convenient. These
hay be set up in corner of the stable
by means of hooks and staples, and the
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
cpl ENDID SHEEP BARN.

terror Arrangement Is Sure to
fps,iye Perfect Satisfaction.
he careful shepherd gives his flocks
care and finds his business about
Profitable as any other line of rural
.pstry. By having good shelter he is
S,oled to carry more animals through
winter upon given quantity of feed,
] by having proper conveniences he
.es larger per cent. of his lambs.
Growing early lambs he secures bet
/ nrices and in knowing how to feed
has better quality of mutton, which
lis people to purchase this most nu-
kious of meats in larger quantities,
4 thus he aids in building up his own
|rket.
People are only beginning to learn
/ value of mutton. The demand is
Instantly growing and will continue
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21
DoAD NOTICE

DoAD NOTICE
We, the undersigned citizens and iaxpaye ~
OF Frederick County. stale OF Maryland. do
hereby give notice that on the FIRST Monday of
June, t0-wit, the 7fh day Of June 1897, We ia
tend To petition the County Commissioners OF
Frederick County, state % Maryland, To open
a public ruad In the said county, beginning at
= point ON the Frederick and Emmitsbu rg
Turnpike road about ore hundred yards
north Of the College Blacksmith shop, and
running thence through the lands of Mt s..
Mays College, 10 a point on the Old Fred
ericktown Road near the residence 81 David
Lingg. the said road 60 be pettlOued for 90 be
not less than thirty feet and has been used for
years BY the public.
EDw. T.. ALLEN,
President NJ ~ Mary's.
WI O'HARA,
VicePrcs MI 80. Mary'a College.
JOHN .. TiERSEY, Prof
ERNEST sOJouRI.
JOHN HoKE.
WILLIAM J. MEEHAN.
ALONZO PEDDiCoRD,
JAMES ROsESaTEEI.,
HENRY LIN0u,
may 7.st and Others
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21

bins, back of the stairway, is five by
eleven feet, and high enough for any
man to walk and work in. Lower floor
mostly used for storing seed and grain
in sacks, such as fiaxseed, clover, tim
othy, etc. They are packed under til
slant of the bins, out of the way. The
middle space is used for cleaning grain,
and good tanning mill is always in
readiness, and good platform scales
upon which everything is weighed.
The carpenter says this style of bin
is easier on the building, as most of the
pressure is on the inside, drawing the
frame together instead of pressing it
out. The weight is carried direct to the
stills, resting on good stone foundation.
The rough lumber and flooring were got
out of our own woods; siding-cucum-
Der and white wood-cost ten dollars
per 1000 feet on the stump, and is of
better quality than | could have got for
double the money in the lumber yards.
Here is the bill of lumber needed:
Two pieces sxS 20 feet long.
Three pieces SKIS, IA feet long.
Twenty-six studding 2x5, IA feet long.
Four corner posts SKIS, IA feet long.
Nine joists 2x8, IA feet long.
Twelve joists 2xS, 10 feet long.
Twenty-four bin studding 2x4. feet long.
Twenty-Five rafters 2x5, 10 feet long.
Fifteen girts Ia x4, IA feet long.
One hundred ribs 1x3, IL feet long.
Five hundred feet flooring.
Eighteen hundred feet siding and for bins
inside
The cash cost, beside my labor, is as
Rallc.x.n L.. ..n..nd n,,x..larn.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-21

The water at both receivers has decreased
TO such an extent as to compel the authorities
to pump water to supply the wants Of cur
people ct q very great expense.
By order OF the Water Committee.
F. +. TYERAR,
aug.l&H. superintendent.