The daily morning journal and courier., 1897-01-06
HALE CITES PRECEDENTS
THE MAINE SENATOR'S ARRAY OF
 FACTS IN CUBAN QUESTION.

Cannot be Recognized So Long as Sub-
 stantial Struggle is Being Made to Crush
 the Rebellion by the Formerly Sovereign
 State.
 Washington, Jan. 5.-Senator Hale, rep, of Maine, to-day presented to the senate a. memorandum on the method of recognition of foreign governments and foreign states by the government of the United States from 17S9 to 1S97,' which, notwithstanding that the docu- ment makes no such claim, unquestion- ably is intended to bear upon the ques- ton of the recognition of the Cuban insurgents. Assuming that the recog- milton of the Spanish-American repub- lies by the United States and England may be taken as typical, the conclu- sions reached are:
 "G) Definitive independence cannot be held to be established and recogni- ton is consequently not legitimate so long as a substantial struggle is being maintained by the formerly sovereign state for the recovery of its authority, and
 ''(2.) A mere pretension on the part of the formerly sovereign state, or a struggle so inadequate as to offer no reasonable ground for supposing that success may ultimately be obtained is not enough to keep alive the rights of the state, and to prevent foreign coun- tries from falling under an obligation to recognize as a state the community claiming to have become one.
 The memorandum states that the French republic in 1793 was recognized by the reception by Washington ot Minister Genet as the representative or the new republic.
 In 1894 the recognition of Napoleon as emperor was effected by credentials to Mr Armstrong, the American min- ister, at Paris.
 A similar course was followed upon the restoration of the monarchy of 1874.
 The French republic of 1S4S was pro- claimed on February 20, 1S4S, and was recognized by MT. Rush, the American minister, on the 18th. The recognition of the second empire and the accession of Napoleon III. was exacted by an lr- struction to that effect and new au- dience in the usual way to MT. Rives, our minister at Paris
 At the close of the Franco-German war, and the proclamation of the re- public by Gambetta, Minister Wash burne was authorized by telegraph to recognize the republic.
 The independent states of South Am- erica were recognized by President Monroe, who in 1923 dispatched minis ters to the Argentine Republic, Chilli and Mexico. Colombia was recognized by the presidents reception of Samuel Torres as charge de affaires in 1922. The independence of the empire of Brazil was recognized by the presi- dents reception of Senor Rebello as minister to the United States in 1924. In 1889 the republic of Brazil was rec ognized under instruction from Secre- tary Blaine to Minister Adams.
 The federation of Central American states was recognized by the presi- ister in 1924. The kingdom of Hawaii was recognized in 1926, when Captain Jones was sent there to negotiate a treaty.
 The provisional government of Ha- waii was recognized by the negotiation of the annexation treaty of 1893. The United States recognized the independ- ence of Belgium in 1892 by issuing an exequa tur to the Belgium consul in New York The independence of Texas was recognized in 1887 by sending charge d. affaires to Texas. The United States recognized the independence of Greece by empowering MT. Stevenson, the Am erican minister at London, in 1887, to negotiate treaty with that power. The republic of Hayti was recognized by the government through sending com missioner and consul general there in 1862.
 The republic of Liberia was recog- nized by the United States in 1862, at London, MT. Adams being empowered to conclude a treaty with Liberia The United States recognized the independ- enc of the Dominican Republic by is- suing an exequatur to a consul general 1 in 1S66
 | The independence of the kingdom of | Corea was recognized in the appoint ment of MT. Seward, our consul general at Shanghai, to negotiate treaty with the King of Chosen, in 1S6S l The present empire of Germany was recognized by the United States through letter from the president to | the emperor in 1871.
 The recognition of the kingdom of
 Roumania was effected by the formal congratulations of the president to the king.
 In the case of Servia similar course
 was followed.
 The newly organized Congo Free { State was recognized through a declar- ation by Secretary of State Frelinghuy-
 sen in 1884,
 After the disintegration of the feder.
 ation of Central America and the sep-
 arate establishments of five states. the
 individual republics were recognized by
 the United States drought the acts of
 the executive department. 1 The Greater Republic of Central i America was recognized by the presi-
 deent at reception on December 24
 1896, of its minister, MT. Rodriguez. The unions and considerations that have | arisen, the separations that have oc.