davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30
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by the intelligent teachers of the State
mat these means have outlived their use
fulness, and that the time has arrived in
the educational history Of the State of
Cailfornla when the pressing necessities
or the schools demand a modification OF
the present law relating to the issuance
or teacher certificates.
l would suggest for your consideration
that the law be so amended as to pro-
vide three certificates instead of three
grades OF certificates as at present, and
that each one of these be first class in
itself-nothing is too good for the chill
dren of California, First. we need the
there is no law for the issuance of such
certlfcates, and Los Angeles, San Jose
and other places that have established
hndergartans have had to resort to
Gates for kindergarten teachers. Sec
ond, there should be but one certificate
for the elementary schools. The distinc-
ton between the primary and grammar
schools is an arbitrary one-ranglng all
the way from the first four years OF
school work, in some counties. to as high
should not the primary grades have just
as good teachers as the grammar
grades? If any distinction should be
made the primary grades should be given
the preference. Third, the high school
certificates; the examination for this
certificate should permit certain
amount of election by the eXaminee.
The various subjects should be arranged
into groups of equivalent value, allow
ing the candidate to make his selec-
ton, or the election might be even
broader than this by permitting the ap-
plicant to select such branches as he
pleased, providing his selection were the
equivalent in value TO any one of the
groups. The certificate, when granted
should be a full high school certificate
High school teachers being to a large
extent specialists, IT is patent to all why
the elective feature should be adopted
in the examination. Each of these three
certificates being of the first grade
should be issued for the full period of six
years, and renewable from time to time
for like period. without the payment of
any fee whatsoever so long as the
holder should teach successfully or until
the necessary success and experience has
been acquired that shall entitle him or
her to a State life diploma
Regarding the requirements for certi-
fcates. 1t is not so difficult a matter to
arrange for the granting Of certificates
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30
THE CERTIFICATION Of TEACHERS,

compelled to pay a fee Of 81 every two
years to have the certificate the law has
given them renewed, when such renewal
has been fully earned by earnest, faith
full and Intelligent work. If by any
chancS-illness or otherwise-they fail to
proper time their occupation is gone un-
til they submit themselves to another of
fetal test OF their ability to do the work
they have 80 successfully done for years.
Ia 1t not absurd? II the suggestion here
in made relative to the issuance of kin
dergarten certificates be carried out by
the Legislature, then section 1871 ought
to provide for State kindergarten diplo-
ma on the same terms as other diplomas
are granted. Again, the present High
School. life and educational diplomas are
only limited certificates, of little more
value in law than special certificates.
These diplomas should be granted, too,
on showing successful teaching expert
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

this is true of all professions. But an
adequate amount of preparation is neces-
sary TO guide and direct the novice in
the solution of the ordinary prob
lens common to all school work, and the
recommendations I shall make in this
paper are intended to apply to those per-
sons who desire to become teachers-not
to those already trained, no matter
whether that training has been acquired
by professional preparation or by actual
contact with the problems themselves
California has reached that point in her
educational history-and 1 speak from
personal observation in fifty out of the
dfty-seven counties of the State-when
she should demand that those who
would, in the future. enter her schools
as teachers, shall approach as nearly as
possible the high plane now occupied by
the experienced teachers Of the State I
favor the preparation of teachers at pub
lie expense-it should be done in the flu
ture, as far as practicable prior to TAX
ing up the actual work and responsibility
of the teacher, which from the nature of
things call for ability. scholarship and
expert knowledge.
California, with her 1eO. 900 square miles
Of area, has but three State Normal
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30
AT THE ROUND TABLE.
Discussions on Music, Nature
Study, German, History
and Business.

After recess for luncheon the teach
ers assembled at Native Sons Hall,
and during the afternoon the meet
ings were divided into departments
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

grant certificates on California educa-
tional and life diplomas. or course these
diplomas are certificates, and valid
throughout the State, but there are
Boards of Education that conscientiousiy
question this position. Therefore, to re-
move all doubt in the matter, these di-
plomas ought to be restored TO their
former place among credentials, whence
they were taken by the Legislature in
1891 l question the wisdom of granting
certificates on the educational and life
diplomas or life certificates of other
States, as there are so many different
standards upon which such diplomas are
granted, varying all the way from no ex-
perience whatsoever to ten years. If
this provision is retained 1t ought to be
modified so as to require satisfactory
evidence that the diplomas or certifi-
Gates presented here are the equivalent
in scholarship and experience required in
our own State for such diplomas. Nor
should certificates be granted on the di
plomas of graduation from Normal
Schools of other States unless such
schools are recommended by the
State Board of Education as be-
ing of equal rank with our Cali
fornia State Normal Schools. Some
of these Normal Schools grant
what is called an elementary diploma"
to persons who have finished a partial
course-some Of them. too have courses
of study and standards OF admission that
are inferior to those of our own schools.
Section 1871 which provides for the is
suance of life and educational diplomas
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30


isfactory as official knowledge of thor
ough academic and professional train
ing In the very nature of things, this
can never be (and this is true of all pro-
fessions), but California is not yet IN a
position to abolish examinations as
test Of a persons qualification to teach.
Certificates based on credentials ap-
proach nearer to uniformity than those
based on examination. In order to Sc
cure the free exchange of county certi-
ficates we ought to come as near uni
fornity as the present method of GER
tifice ton win permit. The examination
requirements for all certificates should
he stated in the law, as is now done In
the matter of primary grade certificates,
and boards of education should agree
upon the standards in examination, and
having so agreed, the certificates granted
by one board ought to be recognized by
every other board in the State. Per-
haps the present system Of county exam
nations is not the best, but 1t has been
established by constitutional provision,
and we must do the best we can with ex-
listing conditions.
Section 1775. which provides for the
granting of certificates on credentials,
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

PUBLIC confidence. The lawyer, the doe
tor, the dentist. the pharmacist, must ex-
hibit their diplomas of graduation from
a reputable professional school at
testing their fitness to begin tbs prac-
ship captain, the engineer, the army and
naval officer must arm themselves with
similar evidences of preparation. Our
civil service rules, like those of Great
Britain and other leading European
countries, admit only the best-qualifled
candidates to positions of trust, as tested
by competitive examination.
The true teacher is never fully trained
Each days work only adds to the train
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30


.certiflcates-no matter of what grade
The certificates now in force are a SOL
emn contract and no Legislation should
be permitted that might impair in any
way the rights conferred.
As TO legislation on this, or any other
the teachers of this State can obtain
whatever legislation they may agree
upon. II we can agree on the general
features of a certifcation bill-leaving all
details TO be worked out by a commit
tee-and then stand by that bill even IL
we do not concur in every detail, and in
terest our representatives In the Senate
and Assembly, we can secure this much
needed reform at the hands of the next
Legislature.
The Importance of this question was
recognized at the last biennial conven-
ton of superintendents by the appoint
ment of a committee of seven TO report
was composed of thoughtful and expert
enced superintendent; yet the time for
consideration was so short and the
minds OF the committeeman so occupied
with other important matters before the
convention, that the results arrived at
though valuable and suggestive, were un-
satisfactory even to the members of the
committee. The report was adopted bv
the convention, but without much dis
cuSSion, as the time for final adjourn
ment was at hand when the report was
submitted. A subsequent attempt to for
mulate a bill based on the report dem
onStrated the impracticability of some of
time for consideration by both the com
mittee and the convention.
TO sum up, l recommend the issuance
of certificates as follows:
i. kindergarten primary school certf-
hcates,. valid for six years. authorizing
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

with these grades, the first valid for
three years, authorizing the holder to
teach in first-grade schools, the second.
valid for two years. authorizing the hold
er toteach in second-grade schools, and
the third valid for one year and granted
only to women, authorizing the holder to
teach in third grade schools. These
were local certificates, and were valid
only in the county or city issuing the
same. Besides these, cities issued high
school certificates, and the State granted
life diplomas, educational diplomas, and
certificates of the first. second and third
grade, valid throughout the State. The
educational diploma was at that time
granted on examination, and not on ex-
perience and recommendation as now;
the first grade State certificate was good
for four years, and the other grades for
the same length Of time as county certi-
flcates Of corresponding grades. In the
course of time the third grade certificate
was dropped from the list, and still
later, the grammar and primary grade
certificates supplanted the old first and
second grade papers. For brief period
the grammar school course certificate
the Caminetti law, establishing grammar
school course schools. These certificates
were finally merged into the present high
school certificates. The scholastic re-
f1cates, which at that time were estab
lfshed by law, were very similar to
those of the present grammar grade, the
only professional branch being the The
DRY and Practice of Teaching, in which
no applicant ever failed-the test studies
being almost universally spelling, gram
mar and arithmetic. The law still fixes
the requirements for the primary grade
certificate, but it leaves the requirements
for the grammar grade and high school
certificate TO the discretion of the several
County Boards of Education throughout
the State, SO that 1T is possible to have
fifty-seven different standards of re-
quirements for those two very important
certificates, when granted on eXamina-
ton.
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

tional diploma. instead Of ten and
nve years, the present require
ments. Again. a new section ought
to be added, relieving all the high-school
educational and life diplomas now held
by teachers, Of the effect of the limita-
ton clause, so that they may become, in
both law and fact, full high-school certi-
Gates. l have discussed this question
only from the standpoint OF the pressing
necessity to the schools themselves for
the reforms indicated.
phases of this question-one of which
shall simply touch upon in closing 1t
has been estimated that there are be-
tween 500 and 1000 teachers in this State
who cannot get positions. Everyone of
us is aware of the keen competition re-
sulting from this surplus of teachers. II
the result of this severe competition were
to secure the best teachers for our
schools, IL would not be so disastrous
1t is. however, otherwise, and the tend
ency is to give the positions TO those
teachers who will accept them for the
least salary. The first schools to suffer
from cheap teachers are those in the ru-
raj districts, which need added strength
not weakness.
In altering the law for the certificaton
of teachers the utmost care must be ex-
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30


fessional schools. They have no superiors
in the United States. But there are coun-
ties so remote that ii is almost impossi-
BILE for young people ambitious to teach
to attend any of them. If our Normal
Schools were smaller and more generally
distributed throughout the State their
usefulness would be more generally felt
and appreciated by the patrons of our
schools. Again, the usefulness Of these
schools might be materially enhanced If
they were in continuous session or If
their vacations came at a different time
than the usual school vacations, thus all
lowing those teachers who, from no fault
of theirs, were denied Normal School
training to attend ten to twelve weeks
each year. So far as climatic conditions
are concerned, this could be done at San
Jose, Los Angeles and San Diego Such
teachers ought to receive credit for their
attendance and study, and in due time
receive their regular diplomas of gradua-
ton.
During the early periods of the States
history the schools were divided into
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

Whatever may be said, either for or
against the means of ascertaining the
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

ScnO o s.
a n o [ her
w / / | be
o p e n e d
wi I in q
year. We
are justly
p r o Il q Of
fhpGQ nrO-
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

AAA6 ~ ~
dy acquir-
ed Ii is
o n ! Y a
part of an
a p p T e n
[ 1 C e ship
that never
ends and
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

e n c e 7 o r
e I g h [ Y
months for
life diplo-
m a, a n d
I o T [ V
months in
case Of the
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

s [ atutOry
. r Division
denan q g
some form
of certin-
cate ofQual-
ihcation at
the hands
of I h o s g
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30
MUSIC.

The department. Of music met in the.
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

b y t h e
S I a [ e
Board o (
Z d u c a
ton, ought
[ o b e
a m ended
in such a
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

I IdlIllHS the
q u alifca-
tons I or
teachers, at
the present
time or In
the past, I
think It is
& e n rally
q O n c eded
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

tialS. The
real diff
Guilty lies In
the attempt
to make the
result Of an
eXa m i n a.
H. "a rnN
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1897-12-30

az AAtAN1A =
thereof to
teach inthe
kinderg a r
ten depart
ment ofany
p ri m a V
school in
the county.
Evening star., 1897-01-25
GAVE \ HEARING,
Hear Arguments for n
Clerks AssOcfatiOn

Inc commissioners gave a public hearing
this morning to those persons Interested in
the bill which has for its object the incor-
pCration of an association for the mutual
protection and benefit of government en-
ployes. Messrs Edward z. Hall and j.
l.. Waring. representing the incorporaturs
of the scheme. were present and discussed
the merits of the bill. They had talked
with prominent business men and con-
gre ssmen and found them all in sympathy
with the proposition 1t was we'll known
that money sharks preyed upon govern
n ent clerks and bled them with usurious
rates of interest. The passage of the bill
would do away with this and put the clerks
on better basis. The bill does away
with Endorsements or placing clerks under
Obligations to each other, and creates
fund through which those who are so un-
fortunate as to lose positions in the service
will have something to fall back upon ard
rot require a subscription from fellow
clerks for maintenance. In few years
will be valuable. Another feature of the
bill was that it enabled clerks to obtain
loans at a low rate instead of paying, as
now, more than the amount of the loan in
one year in interest, and at the same time
enabled them to save money through the
saving fund while borrowing, which few
Guild do otherwise. Again. it caused each
borrower to contribute to the relief of his
mere than can be conveniently returned. in
that loans are limited unless upon the rec
ommendatio of the dsbursing officer.
Again. it enabled large number of clerks
to deal upon cash basis saving the heavy
increase on goods for the sake of a little
credit, and enabled the thrifty to loan their
surplus money through the association, in
stead of loaning 1t among themselves and
then running around the departments try
ing to collect from many who never pay
Another reason urged why the bill should
become a law was that II would relieve the
d!sbursing officer to great extent in that
there would be some reliable association to
which those seeking advances on salaries
could be directed. And, lastly, they urged
that few. if any. borrowers will fail to meet
the small monthly payments.
The Commissioners found considerable to
criticise ir the bill. but believe that such
an association will do considerable good.
Tfey referred the bill back to the assessor
with Instructions to incorporate in 1t the
necessary amendments.
Evening star., 1897-01-25
Data as to State Banks.

Mr.. Eck"ls. controller of the currency
has sent letter to the governors of all
the statea relative TO state banks:
Il have the honor to direct your atten-
ton to the act of Congress passed i'll 1873
authorizing the controller of the currency
to incorporate in his annual report to Con-
gress a statement exhibiting the condition
of banks organized under the laws of the
several states and territories. In order
that uniformity il time and manner of
reporting may be secured. l have the honor
to suggest that the attention of the legs-
lature of Your state be called to the sub
Ject. and tfat II be requested to enact such
legislation will result in the submission
TO designated public official of the state
of reports of condition by all banks in
your state at the same dates on which ma
tonal banks are required to make their
reports 10 the controller of the currency.
Evening star., 1897-01-25

ahead To the complete solution of the af-
fair, bot not 50 far that We cannot see in
the dim future what the final solution will
be. There Is no doubt that the Union Pa
cltic and the Oregon Short Line and Utah
Northern will continue one railway, to
all intents and purposes after the segrega-
ton of the latter
The Union Pacific system will be itself
again. It's perma nency is assured. The
west VIII see one of the greatest railway
systems in operation ever known, and the
entire transAlissouri territory will be bene-
ffted The presence of two men represent
ing Nandcrbilt interests, MeSsrs. DeDew
and Hughitt, on the reorganization COM
mttec naturally suggests closer relations
with the Northwestern, but | think there
viii he 10 change on this account. The line
from Council Bluffs westward will continue
to be separate, and l doubt if its manage
ment is changed al all"
Evening star., 1897-01-25
DIED IN BROOKLYN.
Rev. George kOenfE Passed Away
Yesterday.

Rev George Koenig, pastor of Trinity
German Lutheran Church, this city, died
Yesterday morning of Brght's disease at
the home of Mr. Frederick c. Heskel, No.
100 Kent street. Brooklyn, NY, where he
was visiting, in his thrty-fifth year.
Mr. Koenig had been sufferer from the
complaint for some time and on Monday OF
last week went to Brooklyn to consult
specialist. He became worse soon after his
arrival, and on Friday his condition was so
alarming that his wife was telegraphed
for, and she was with her husband when
he died The deceased was the son of one
Of the best-known ministers of the denom
ination in the eastern section of the coun
try, and was himself equally popular. He
was born October 3D. 1S62, in Cincinnati,
Ohio, where his father then had a pastor
ate. He was graduated at Fort Wayne
College. Indiana, in 1882, and received his
theological instruction in ST. Louis.
In 1885 he became assistant to his father,
who, meanwhile had been called to the
pastorate of q New York church. Since
that time the son had lectured in several
foreign countries. He was ordained pastor
of the church here April 10. 1896 1t is ex-
pected that the funeral will take place in
Brooklyn Wednesday afternoon, and that
a delegs ton from this city will be present
at the services MIR. Koenig's home in
Washington was at 3U1 H street northwest
Evening star., 1897-01-25
Lord Salisbury Congratulated.

All the London newspapers congratulate
the Marquis of Salisbury on his diploma tic
triumph as shown by the publication of
the official correspondence between Great
Britain and Russia, which brought about
the agreement of the cZar to the proposal
of the Marquis of Salisbury that the am
bassadors of the powers at Constantinopie
should formulate reforms for the Turkish
empire, which should be enforced by the
powers should the sultan prove recaici-
trant, to which France consented later.
after Germany, Austria and Italy had pre-
viousiy given their consent. There is a
general feeling in England that the con-
cert of Europe for coercion is nearer reali-
"a ton than ever before
Evening star., 1897-01-25
Ain Assault Charge.

On complaint of Emanuel Hanlein, Henry
Kopp. son Of Constable Robert Kopp,
was In the Police Court today to answer an
Information setting forth assault The
trouble resulted from the attachment of the
stock In the store of Henry Hanlein, 100 Sth
street southeast. Young Kopp was placed
in charge and it was alleged the assault
occurred while Emanuel Hanlein was being
elected from the establishment after the
Judgment had been satisfied.
After hearing the statements of a number
of witnesses on each side Judge Miller dis
missed the case.
Evening star., 1897-01-25
That Merccr-Rusie Deal.

Yesterdays Cincinnati Enquirer said: If
that trade of Mercer of the Washingtons
for Amos Rusie, mention of which was
made in last Mondays Enquirer, goes
through. the New Yorks Will have away
the best erd Of it," said Well-known
player yesterday. Mercer, to start with,
isn't a much worse pitcher than Rusie was
ir his very prime. With good team be-
hind him he'll win nearly as many games
as Rusie ever did, but lis pitching isn't
his only strong point If Rusie falls down
as a pitcher he is out of the game. If Mer-
GERS pitching arm gets weak. he can fill
some other place. Jesse Burkett, Elmer
Smith, George Van Haltren and several
other good ball players started out as
pitchers, failed in the box, and afterward
made name In other positions. Mercer is
one of that kind. He Is a rattling good in
first base like Mexican or Tom Brown.
No, sir, Mercer Is the Better of the two.
He Is very young. but so is Rusie, for that