davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07
w H EEL TAI *.

The matter of gear has been talked Of
considerably of late, and more or less sn.ce
mas been given On this page to the subject.
A correspondent, however, make; the in
quiry as to the origin of the name. and
whether or not high gear is advantageous
Tor all around riding, stating taat the in
FORMATION on the subject would prove not
only interesting to himself, out undoubted
~ TO q large number of other readers.
Ihe gear OF wheel represents the DIAM
eter OF an imaginary wheel. One revolu-
1lon OF the pedals drives the rear wheel
around so many times. Multiplying the
number of times the rear wheel turns TO
one revolution of the pedals we get the
diameter OF the imaginary wheel or the
gear. The, best way is to count the number
OF teeth in both sprockets, divide the
larger number by the smaller and muIiinlv
ms quotient by the diameter of the rear
wheel. Thus. IL the rear sprocket has
seven teeth and the main sprocket seven
teen teeth. by dividing the larger by the
smaller we get 81 as a quotient. Multi
plying this by the diameter of the rear
wheel. which. for instance, say. is of %
iEches the diameter of an ordinary wheel.
Wo get 6S as an answer, which represents
the GEAR. or the diameter Of the Imaginary
wheel equal to one revolution Of the pedals.
When this system of computation is once
thoroughly understood it is not forgotten
easily. This method Of figuring originated
in the days of the old high wheel. when
the diameter of the front wheel represented
the gear of the old upright. The advent of
the safety made it necessary to SO ar
range the gear as to make the small wheel
go as far in one revolution as it's rival. but
that the safety can stand much higher
gear than 1t was possible to arrange on the
upright machine. The decrease In weight
and the ease in running are solely respon-
sible for this.
Whether or not a high gear is advan-
tageous for Ill around work is interpreted
to mean road riding as well as city riding
The answer depends entirely upon what is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07

climbing up the hill to the bridge over the
canal at this point will soon be flying over
the read to Hagerstown. seven and a
quarter miles distant The road is hilly
but is in such fine condition that the pull
Is hardly felt. At noon Hagerstown is
reached. Here a stop is made for dinner
and after resting over during the heat of
the day the journey to Frederick is reSum-
ed in the evening. There are two noun
tain ranges between Hagerstown and Fred
erick. the South mountain and the Catoctin
mountain. After pushing the wheels up to
tie top of these mountains the rider can
enjoy coasting for miles down the other
side
Through Funkstown, three miles outside
or Haserstown. the road turns to the right,
which brings you through Boonsboro
about a mile from the foot of the South
mountain 1t would be well to Tide care
fully down the mountain side. as there are
q number OF sharp curves in the road
Situated in the valley below between the
two ranges is Middletown, from which
point the ascent to the top Of The Catoctin
, mountain begins. From the top of this
mountain the city of Frederick can be seem
and after ride of five miles down the
mountain side you are soon pedaling into
Frederick Here supper is eaten and the
last nights stop on the road is made.
Starting at an early hour the ride. over
what Is known the Frederick pike
| through Monocacy to Newmarket is a cool
ana refreshing one in the early morning.
! The pike is built of stone and unite hiIly
| but after passing through Monrovia the
| read Is again level to kemptown. Being
| the last day the road of the journey
! plenty of time should be taken as Wash
| ington can be easily reached by dark with
| out scorching. The roads will not be
| found in as good condition and as easy to
| ride over as those in the valley and the
! time will necessarily be a title slower
/ After dinner at Damascus The start is
| made in the afternoon for home, md as
| the road is in good condition with the
| exception of a few miles between Laytons-
| vile and Olney, fairly good time can be
made.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07
From st. Nicholas.


When we talk of the United States gov
eminent in familiar sort of way we call
it Uncle Sam and you have often seen
pictures CT Uncle Sam-a long, lean old
fashioned Yankee, with a high hat and
with a swallow-tlil coat and breeches
marked with the stars and stripes of the
flag. The way in which the United States
came to be called Uncle Sam is this:
During the war of 1872 the United States
government entered into a contract with a
man by the name of Ebert Anderson to
furnish supplies to the army. When the
United States buys anything from a con-
tractor an inspector is always appointed
to see that the goods are what the con-
tract calls for, and that the government
gets full value. In this case the govern
ment appointed man by the name of Sam
uel Wilson, who was always called Uncle
Sam by those who knew him. He in
spected every package and cask that came
from Ebert Anderson. the contractor and
If he found that the contents were all right
the package or cask was marked with the
letters, 'E. Al. S. the initials of the
contractor and of the United States The
man whose duty it was to do this marking
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07

night Is made. the road will be found to be
quite billy Up and down through the
towns of Mt. Jackson and Edinburg, over
the fine. hard, limestone pike. the cyclist
can enjoy the finest coasting to be found in
this section OF the country.
Between E.dinburg and Woodstock the
hills become less noticeable and Woodstock
is reached about dusk. The town Is situat-
ed on the northern branch of the Shenan-
doah river. and the scenery from this point
is beautiful. After an early breakfast the
start for Winchester. the next stopping
place, should be made as early as pos
sible. The ride over the smooth roads,
with but few hills. to Strasburg, early in
the morning before the sun is up. is one
that can hardly be surpassed. This pike Is
considered TO be the finest road in the coun-
try, and runs the entire distance through
the valley, and after the heaviest rain is
said to dry In two minutes
4 Historic bridge.
Passing through Maurerstown. the small
town of Toms Brook is reached. 1t was
here in October. 1864. that the federal cav
airy under Torbert. Merritt and Custer en-
gagged the confederate cavalry under Ros-
ser and Lamont, and after q spirited en-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07

Third event, one mile. open professional;
prizes in cash of s25. $40 and S.
Fourth event. two-mile handicap. anna
teur; prizes. $50, $40 SO and s. values.
Fifth event, two-mile handicap, profess
sional: prizes in cash of SO, s15 and s..
Sixth event one-mile club race, teams of
three, for the championship of the Dis
trict the prize being a handsome trophy
to the winning team.
Seventh race. two-mile tandem, amateur:
prize to the value of SIS to each man of the
winning team
The race will undoubtedly prove of inter-
est TO the local wheelmen on account of
the club team race for the chamoionshio
Betore that event was placed on the pro-
gram there were several clubs who urged
that such race be made. This will de-
termlne a much mooted question, and the
honor will undoubtedly be closely con-
tested.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07
Local
T~-h-As
New Mem bers.

New Members.
Nottingham, w. X, 56 street south
cast.
Achnan, George, $50 H ,traet northwest
Burket, Edw. P, 1915 18th street north
west.
Cushion, ]. NJ, HOS 18th street north
west
Kaiser. ]. Henry, box 421
kearnly, L. j., 1911 L street northwest.
Ihorrock, Richard. ord. Office, War Dep.
Vauklensen, Albert H., 22O7 NJ street
northwest.
Woods, Albert F., 1853 Corcoran street.
Bugbee, Elijah L., Cos n. Cal avenue
southeast.
Bobee. J. O.. 50 X street northeast
Eliot. Palmer A, 1Ol7 N street north
west.
Proctor. Mrs. J. c., 1G4S Huron street
northwest.
Rawlings, John W., 1136 9th street.
Sharp, James. 16 10th street northeast.
strong, f. F., 504 Street northeast
Canadian PriviIeEes.
The league made fine stroke when they
made arrangements with the Canadian
custom house. alloing league members
to pass their bicycles into Canada without
paying duty. This as done by deposit
ing bond which insures the return of
the wheel to the United States within a
certain period. Cyclers not a member OF
the league are required to deposit SD, but
the showing of tbs L. A. w membership
ticket passes this piece CT red tape
1t Is not generally known that it takes
three weeks from the time the application
Is m ide before an applicant can be made
member and If you are not a member
ana think of going to Canada it will be
desirable for you to make application at
least a month ahead of time as the regu-
lar ticket will have to be shown, as TEN
porary tickets will not be accepted by the
custom officials.
League Century.
All clubs are taking this century and il
is also the talk in all cycling circles AL
most every cycler who thinks he can make
century is getting ready for the run on
september II. T. is not only confined to
the male cyclers, but the ladies are also
talking of it and, from all appearances
more ladies Ill attend this run than both
sexes have attended runs of this character
heretofore.
quit number Of clubs seem to be under
the wrong impression in several particu-
lars, and for The benefit of all clubs con-
cecr ed, Will state that While not less than
thirteen members will constitute a team
still any number of riders over that num-
per can enter as a club team Other mem
pers OF the club can attend the century.
put only as individuals. All members az
ciubs and unattached wheelman finishing
the century will be presented with the
survivors medal, whether they belong to
the club team or not.
In few days it will be decided inst how
the best showing will be determined and
lhen all doubts about chances of winning
Will be set at rest, and 1t will then denend
upon The strength of the members con-
stituting the club ss to which club will win.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07

gagemeDt drove them back, capturing a
large number of prisoners and wagons.
The bridge at this place is still covered
with a wooden roof ard sides, as 1t was
during the war. About three miles from
Toms Brook is the famous Fishers HILL
1t is very steep one, and at the bottom
leads over a stone bridge From the top of
this hill the town of Strasourg can be
plainly seen, and the distance being but
two miles and with the good road ahead,
excellent time can be made
From Strasburg the road winds around
through the town and crosses the railroad
on the outskirts A short distance from
StrasbuTg is the covered bridge at Cedar
creek. Six miles away is Middetown, aud
then follows Newton now known as
Stephens City. From here to Kernstown,
a distance of little over three miles. the
road is for the most part level. and after
pushing on still further for about a mile
and a half, what is known as the first toll
gate is reached. The road to Winchester
is perfectly level. 1t was over this piece
of road that Gen. Sheridan made his
famous ride. The town shows evidences of
pi osperity on all sides. and no traces of the
war can be seen. The streets are mac
adamized and paved and most of the
houses are built of brick limestone. Its
history dates as far back 1852. when it
was first occupied by Germans, and through
them incorporated in the year 1779.
On to Marfinsburg.
Having partaken of good dinner and
visited all the places Of interest. the start
for the last part Of the days journey is
begun. The road from Winchester through
the towns of Clear Brook and Bunker Hill
remains about the same. Passing through
GAINESVILLE, a number of slight grades are
encountered. but these will rot be noticed,
and for seven miles to Martinsburg this is
the condition of the road.
Arriving at Martinsburg at supper time
IL is We'll tC take good rest and retire
for the night. This concludes the second
days riding. An early breakfast can be
prepared and the start made for Hagers-
town, Md. where stop is made for din
ner. From Martnsburg the road makes
another turn through the town and crosses
the railroad on the outskirts Williamsport
reached, the rider is ferried across the Po-
tomac river for a small sum, and after
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07
tho c,icapo Intar-Occ.n

From the Chicago Iner-Ocean.
Prof (Sir William) CroolSes, in a recent
lecture, expressed his opinion that Moissan,
in his experiments in diamond making has
thrown much light on the way in which ma
ture has formed these gems. In the arti-
fetal process pure iron was packed i'm a
crucible with pure charcoal from sugar. In
the electric current the iron melts rapidly
and saturates itself with carbon. When
heated above 1900 degrees, the current is
stopped and the crucible plunged in cold
water and held until 1t diminishes to a dun
red heat The sudden cooling solidifies the
outer layer of iron The expansion Of the
inner liquid in solidifying produces an
enormous pressure. and the dissolved car
bon separates In a crystalline form-dia-
mond. The metallic mass is then attacked
with solvents to hberate the grains within.
Prof. Crookes pointed out that the diamond
Of the chemist and that of the mine are
akin SIS to origin. and that the diamond
genesis must have taken place at great
depths. under enormous pressure IL has
been proved that iron at high temperature
and under heavy pressure. conditions exis-
cent at great depths below the eartn's sur
face. Is the long-seught solvent for carbon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07
A Pleasant Wheeling Trip From
Staunton to Washington.
ALONG THE BEAUTIFUL SHENANDOAH
Good Roads Can Be Found Almost
All the Way.
MANY POINTS OF INTEREST
Written Exel,r lively for Tie Evening Star.

Written Exeus lively for Tile Evening Star.
That the trip from Staunton Virginia.
through the beautiful and picturesque
Shenandoah valley to HaSerstowI and
thence TO Washington awheeI, is becoming
a most popular one with the cyclist is
shown by the large number of wheelmen
who have taken it or contemplate doing
SO. Making a four days trip of it the en-
tire distance, which is about go miles. can
be covered with ease in that space of time,
averaging about fifty miles a day. posi-
bly, more. Now that the hot weather is
here it is best to make it a four day trip
OF course the trip can be made in three
days. in which case it would necossitate
riding throughout the entire day in the
broiling hot sun. with but little time for
recreation between times. For those con-
templating long trips of this kind il would
be advisable TO start at an early hour IN
the morning, take a good rest during the
heat of the day, and resume the Journey
IN the evening after sunset.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07

chased wheels for them had Il not been for
the TACT that they desired 10 avoid their
being deformed from humping on a wheel.
There ought TO be a LAW prohibiting the
SAFE OF bicycles with a handle bar lower
than the top Of the seat post. where the
saddle is attached excepting for track or
road-race riding
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07

was jovial sort of fellow, and when some
body asked him what these letters meant
he said they stood for Ebert Anderson and
Uncle Sam Everybody, including Uncle
Sam Wilson himself, thought this was a
very good joke; and by and by it got into
print, and before the end of the war it
was known. all over the country; and that
is the way the United States received it's
maine of Uncle Sam"
Mr.. Wilson. the original Uncle SAM"
died at Troy. n. Y, in 1854. at the age of
eighty-four
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07

From the Chicago Pest
THE doctor put my husband on: his feet
in week." she explained at was no
trouble at all The bill he presented fairly
lifted him out Of bed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07
Time to Spare.

Time to Spare.
From the Chicago Record
I'm afraid Kitty isn't having a very
good time at the seashore."
'Why?' -..5.- 54,-., -ss.y
'She writes home every day"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07

TO. HORST and dog Knows,
athletics, otter hunt
ing ard lawn tennis.
wages onl. rlckoncd. LOCO ..........
Total .....-..... .f615 1900 f6s, $4,000
Witioat cycling and
sw mining ........ 1880 600 2i.Oa coo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-08-07

Women furnish only : per cent of the
Italian bicycling population, hut the num-
Der is gradually increasing. The pre- judlce
against female athletics is vanishing. and
as it disappears the cycling population
groNS.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-09-03
GEORGIANs AT SEA GIRT.
what Correspondents of Other
Papers Are Saying About Them.
From the New York SUMS Special.

The Georgia marksmen are considered
to be the most formidable competitors
and if they do not win they will make the
Empire State sharpshooters feel that they
have been in the match. Lieut. f. G. Will
son of Company G, First Battalion In
fantry, Georgia Volunteers, seems to
have a mortgage on the All-comers' match,
which he has won for two years in sue
cession. He has nearly a dozen straight
strings of 50 each in the first stage at 200
yards. Wilson also looks like a winner in
the Trenton interstate match. This he
has won for three successive years. On
the 500-yard range this morning Rich
mond, Hunter and Postell of the Georgia
team each made ten consecutive bulls
eyes, or 50 points. The Georgia boys
have arranged between themselves not to
interfere with each other in the individual
matches. For instance Wilson will not
be molested in the All-comers' and Tren-
ton interstate matches, and Private Aus
tin will have no opposition among the
members of the Georgia team for the
Hayes medal
The men do not take kindly to the new
silhouette targets. The best sharpshoot-
ers claim that the silhouettes are so large
that bullseyes are easy, and this puts
the second-rate men in the same class
with the cracks.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-09-03
TELEGRAPHlC MARKETS.
CONTINUED from Seventh Page.)

o. b., 21d22Ac No. 2 rye, 511sc; No. bar
ley, nominal; No. 3, f. o. b., 211aQ44c; No
A. f. o. b. &c; No. l fax seed, S1.01l9G1.04;
prime timothy seed. S275; mess pork, per
Dbl, SS9OQS95; lard, per 100 lbs, A.S5;
short ribs sides Qoose), $555Q5S5; dry salt
ed shoulders (boxed), 5l2d5Ac; short clear
sides boxed, 61sd6i4c; whisky, distillers'
finished goods. per gal, SIP.
Cincinnati, o., Sept 2.-Flour firm and
active Wheat strong and higher No. 2
red cash, 96c Corn firm; No mixed, S116c.
Oats firm: No. 2 mixed, 191ad20c. Rye
firm; No. 9, SOC. Lard steady at Also.
Bulk meats firm at 6.l0c. Bacon firm at
110c. Whisky quiet at I.21.
ST. Louis, Sept. 2.-Flour duh and ir-
regular Wheat, spot, higher No. 2 red
elevator, 9724c; track, 9s1zcq$l.C0; No2 hard
cash. 9lAd9lAc track September. 4715c;
December, 97c asked; May, $3.50
asked. Corn, spot, higher; No.
2 cash. Csc bid; September, 275sc; Deem
Der, SOC; May, S27sc asked. Oats. spot,
steady; No. cash elevator, 100 bid; track,
zoe; No. white 22l2Sc; September, 19c bid;
December. PIC asked May, 23Ac bid. Bran
firm; sacked sold points at 4S151c offer
ed east track at SOC and until taken, at
mill bran sold, 50d52c and shipped Butter
steady; creamery, 15dl9kc; dairy, 10al6c.
Whisky, $1.21. Pork .ower; standard mess
iobbing, new, $780, old, $50. Lard. lower;
prime steam, 4.7Oc. Bacon, boxed, lots, Elk
ira short clear and ribs, else. Dry salt
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-09-03
Receints Mt Railroads.

Per Central Of Georgia Railway, Sept.
2-646 bales cotton. IS tons pig iron, 1O5
bales domestics. $50 pkgs mdse, 952 bbls,
rosn, 17S bbls spirits, 80 cars lumber, car
ice, 3 cars oats, 2 cars hay, l car grits,
cars fresh meat, car cabbage, l car lime.
Per Florida Central and Peninsular rail-
road, Sept. 2-S3 bales cotton, 44S bbls
rosin, % casks spirits, 8 cars coal, cars
tobacco, cars brick, 5 cars wood, l car
perishables, cars stone, l car grits, car
furniture, car empty barrels, cars mdse,
cars poles l car fish, 1 car crossties.
Per Georgia and Alabama Railway, Sept.
2-S7 bales cotton, !, $50 bbls rosin, POI casks
spirits, 20 cars lumber car cotton, cars
flour, car cotton and hides, car oats, s
cars hay, 8 cars mdse.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-09-03
MERCHANTS AND MINERS
TRANSPORTATION co.
RATES OF PASSAGE.

TO NEW YORK-Steamer and rail-
Cabin, limited 4 days, SIS. 30. Cabin, un-
limited, $203O Excursion, limited q
months, $S2. Second class, limited days.
$14.75.
TO N-Steamer-Cabin, limited q
days. $24. Excursion, limited months $40.
Second class, limited days, $19.
TO WESTINGHOUSE and rail-
Cabin, unlimited SIC 20. Second class.
limited days, $11.2O
TO PHILADELPHIA-St and rail-
Cabin, unlimited $780, Excursion. linz
tied months, $500 Second class. limiA
ted days, $3.50.
TO PHILADELPHIA-St eamer-Cabin.
unlimited ST.. Second class, limited
days, $11.5O.
TO BALTIMORE-Cab $15 Excursion
limited months, $25. Second class. $40.
The steamships of this company are ape
pointed to sail from Savannah to Baltic
more as follows STANDARD time):
ITASCA, Capt. James, SATURDAY, Sept,
4, at 10 p. m.
BERKSHIRE, Capt. Kirwan, WEDNES.
DAY, Sept. 8, at p. m.
D. H. MILLER, Capt Bnlups, SATURA
DAY, Dec. II, at $50 p. m.
And from Baltimore every TUESDAN
and FRIDAY.
]. j. CAROLAI, Agent,
Savannah, Ga.
w. F. TURNER, G. P. A.,
A. d. STEBBINS, A. T. M
]. c. WHITNEY, Traffic Manager.
General Offices, Baltimore Nd.