The sun., 1897-01-24
somB VIEW BooKs.
TIE Ph.r.ob. who K.ew Jseeph s.a
These whe U,ew His Net.

books published in the last twelve months u
The Struggle or the Nations by q. MAsrrRo.
edited by Prof A. II. SAyCE and translated by
NJ. l.. MCCLURE. thpplstonsl. In this ausrto vo!-
ume OF some eight hudred pages We have . con-
tinuation Of tie former work. In which the
author traced the dawn OF civilization In the
valleys OF the Nile and the Euphrates. Tho
period covered by the main body Of the pres
ent book extends from the beginning OF the
eighteenth to the end Of the twcnty-arst Egyp-
tIan dynasty. IL was the period OF expansion
which brought the Egy ptian monarchy into
rivalry with the Hittito power In Northern
Syria snd with tho Babylonians and As
ryrians. There are. however. two preliminary
chapters dealing with tho nrst ChAidean empire.
or what until very lately. passed for such: with
the dominion OF the Hyksos invaders In Egypt;
and with the situation Of Syria At the beginning
OF the Evyt:an copquests. What We have here
80 the spectacle OF Africa and Asia Ia mortal
combat. Babylonia has once carried It's empire
10 the frontiers Of Egypt. and the Nile land
itseif has been held in bondage by the Hyksos
stranger. from Asia In return. Egypt has
driven back the wave Of invasion TO the borders
Of Mesopotnmia. has substituted an empire
Of its own in Syria for that OF tho Baby
lonians. and has forced the Babylonian king
to treat with its Pharaoh on equal terms. In the
track of war and diplomacy came trade and
commerce. Western Asia was covered. for .
tho courier travelled necessarily. and tho whole
civilized world OF the Orient was temporarily
knit together In n common literary culture and
common comm erciai interests. In word. the sss
Of isolation was succeeded At this epoch by an age
of intercourse. partly military and Antsgonistic.
partly literary and peaceful. II 10 this sge OF
Intercourse. Its rise and character. Its decline
and fall. which Prof. Msspero has depicted.
We should add that, In tFo chapters OF the
hno ha rsiation of MenSDhta In tho
IsraeiIt. exodus and tho invasion OF the land Of
Canaan by tho Hebrews are discussed at con-
siderable length.
Tho reader must not look In tho body Of this
volume for any reference to the very latest dis
coveriss In Chaldea They throw new light
upon tho period covered by the previous work.
"The Dawn Of Civilization" and must walt to
be noticed by Prof. Msspero until new edition
OF that book 10 called for. A briof account Of
these discoveries. however. will be found in
preface contributed by Prof. A. II. sayoe. It's
pointed out. for instance. that At Telio NJ do
Sarcez has brought TO leht library Of more
than thirty thousand tablets. all neatly ar
ranged. piled In order. one on the other. and
belonging to the ago OF Gudsa tB. c. 2700).
Many moro tablets Of early date have beeu
uneartbed elsewhere by DR.. scheil. working for
tho Turkish Government. But the most i'm
portant nnd has been At Miner. the ancient
Eippur. In northern BabyloniA where tho
American expedition, organized by the Uni
versity Of Pennsylvania. has 1t last brought to
close its long work Of systematic excavation.
Here Mr. Haynes has dug down TO the very
foundations Of tho great temple of El-Lil. and
the chief historical results Of his labors have
been published by Prof. Hilprecht. II seems
that about midway between the summit and
the bottom of the mound Mr.. Haynes laid bare
n pavement constructed of hugo bricks siam pcd
with the names of careon of Akkad and his
son, Naram- Sin. He found also tho ancient
wall Of the city which had bcen built
by Naram.Sin, some forty-nye feet wide.
The debris OF ruined buildings. which lies be-
low the pavement Of Sargon. Is more than thirty
feet in deptb. while that above H. the topmost
stratum Of which bring. us down TO tn. Chris
tian era, is only some thirty.four feet in height
We may form some idea from this Of the enor-
mou, ago 4, which the history Of BsbyIonian
culture aud writing takes us back, Prof Hill
preoht quotes with approval Mr.. Haynss's
words: ave must cease TO apply tho ad jectiye
earliest 10 the limo of Sareop. or TO any aeo or
epoch within n thousand wears of his advanced
civilization" Many of the inscriptions which
belong TO the pre-. sargon age of human culture
have been published by Prof Hilprecht. Among
them is . long inscription In ono hundred and
thirty.two lines, engraved on multitudss Of
largo stone vases presented to the Temp,e of
Ei-Lf by q certain Lugai-Zaggisi. This King
was the son of tho high priest OF the Land Of
tho Bow" as Mssopot amia WAS then called. Hs
NV '' 'tu '' oA'~' 'Ns Aou"u'u -"
einpn. , ~n,.h o1'ehueu ,,om 'he rerN'An "uiI
~ .no ".u''o''"u..n. i.'s n.ay .e"'a'es
oe,o'0 Sa'toh anu AAHo ioio"eu IN nus ioot-
s'op' " .Aao .'oa, y, a.' hsyho's a,s
so'of'os 'hAt .no ay"C nn''n rose ~ y. IN
,A'er ea,' .Aoou' p. y. -'oo', anu "n,cn mas
ose" n,"o o ",s' u'h.ss
p'A.v W ',r,".,' ""e ,o'eks so 70 seeonay
po',so". i"o 'aeoeo".s eSnAsy' "h'oh Aiso
nn~uo W 'o e"p''A'' Auu " "no'o hhEs were 'he
,o na .eNe''o'' " 'ne H't uyus.v VI
'v". nu's "o"' ~ 'o'o. vi 70 'oin'ou '"e 'htu'
Ino '"' y. enuH.'
,no'eoref' aAs oeen 'ui'y vInulo~.ou. Not on'S
A"'o ~. Ho'" ~ eAso' ."u,a 'no eon-
',ne. ". nun ~uuo y, "''r'"' ou'
- :" '.e ", III,