The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1897-06-27
THE MAKING OF SAINTS.
CHIEF REQUISITES TO BEATIrICa-
TION AND CANONIZ ALTON.
Practice OF the Theological and Car-
dinal Virtues and Performances
of Miracles Essential.
New York Evening Post.


final cachet, so to speak. of the churh. is
impressed publicly upon their works. which
in most cases were finished on earth two
or three hundred years previous to their
canonization.
The ceremony which takes place on such
an occasion is a very grand one. Hundreds
of archbishops, bishops, cardinals, papal
abiegates, heads of religious orders, rectors
of colleges, heads of old Catholic families
etc, participate at the function
The process by which a martyr or other
person who has devoted his or her life to
good works, and who is eminent for pietv
receives the greatest distinction the church
can give, and the superlative of earthly
titles, is not generally known In early
times local fame for sanctity placed the
name upon the roll. Earlier still the names
of the faithful generally martyrs, were re-
cited in the celebration of the Eucharist
Later on each diocese might perform the
rites which proclaimed some member of it
who was famous for sanctity beatifed or
saint. 1t was not till 1181 that the papal
see claimed the exclusive right to bestow
such honor. This claim was not acquiesced
in strictly, and in consequence Pope Urban
VIII issued new and more emphatic bulls,
presenting IN detail the whole modus OBJ
erandi.
There are three degrees of sanctity be-
slowed by the Church of Rome The first
is that of venerable" and only eminent
virtue and piety are requisite for it's be-
stowal. afterwards private prayer may be
mace 10 Its recipient. The second degree
is that of blessed" The test required for
this is the heroic practice of the three the
illogical virtues, faith, hope and charity
and the four cardinal virtues, prudence,
justice, courage and temperance, with ali
that they imply, a rigid inquiry into the
Ff1In gTa1 tl,z
OF at least two miracles wrought by or
through his intercession. Public prayer is
permissible to the beatifed. The third and
greatest is that of saint In this case,
as in that of the previous one about four
teen steps may be counted in the process
which gives this superlative title to the
previously beatified person, and they ex-
tend over many years, and sometimes from
century to another. One eminent ex-
Francls Assist, who was canonized within
was dedicated to him at Assist.
MIRACLES TODAY
Before canonization more miracles must
be attested. In the case of st. Francis De
Sales seven miracles wrought through his
intercession were proven to the satisfaction
of the Congregation OF Rites between the
date of his Identification and that of his
canonization.
The Roman Church has never yielded
its belief in miracles being as possible to-
day as at any previous time in the history
of the church, and there have been eminent
Protestants, even one of the founders of
Observation-Disclosures himself-who held
this belief. Baxter Bengel and others
might be mentioned. Canonization makes
prayer to the canonized obligatory. The
church dictionary defines it as the final
process in the recognition and estimation of
the virtues of a servant of God preparatory
to his or her being elevated to the affairs,
and commended to the perpetual veneration
and invocation of the church" Churches
and affairs may be freely erected in honor of
one canonized, but only in limited way TO
one beatified."
In beatifcation the Pope does not judi
ciously determine the state of the beatihed,
only so far as to free the religious honors
paid to him from the charge of supersti-
ton, but in canonization he does determine
officially ex cathedra the condition of the
new saint. Beatit1cation takes place much
oftener than does canonization-in fact,
once in every three or four years-and sew
eraI persons were beatifed during the cele-
bration of the Popes jubilee. One Span
lard of the sixteenth century, who was
known to his contemporaries as the 'apoS-
tie of Andalusia,' received the honor in the
presence of seven thousand Spanish pill
The splendid ceremony of Qualification,
and sometimes of canonization, takes place
in the Sala dele CanoniZaZione, a beaut-
full hall over the vestibule OF ST. Peter s,
and extending the whole width OF the
church. The recent canonization took place
under the splendid dome OF 81 refer
Hundreds of workmen decorated the IA
NOUS church inside and out for the cere-
mony.A
SIXTEENTH-CE WORTHLESS.
Antonio Maria Zaccaria, one of the canon
lied was holy priest, who died in 1889.
Wars. pestilence and the Protestant inf1u-
ence of Lutheran soldiers in northern Italy
led him to establish an order which should
be of service among the people-'a secular
clergy--not going out of the world, but Nv
ing and working in it,. They called their
establishments colleges, and they have
about twenty in ALL one in Paris and others
in Italy and Austria. Their proper destg-
nation is Regular Clerks of the Congrega-
ton of ST. Paul" They are called Barna-
bites merely because of their ownership and
connection with church OF 81. BarhaP Dss
at Milan in the sixteenth century Inc
other newly made saint was a retormeT OF
the order of the Premontres born e- IN 1 i4f
died in 1910, beatitied at Rome IN 1901 his
tomb is q place of pilgrimage.
The service of Identification or OF canon
ization takes place b IN en 9emm IS ehamted
the image picture of the SAINT uhVeled
and incensed, and new c9liect 20 OF PeaS sb-
sence of the Pope But in the afternoon the
service is a far more brilliant one, and then
the Pope comes to venerate the rellcs
and assist az the benediction of the blessed
sacrament. Thousands OF candies hans
from the ceiling in gllded ca niue stra
rounds the large oval painting which rep
resents the beatified or sainted, as the case
may be- in some ideal fashion
Tickets are issued for more people than
can possibly find place in the hall of canon
ization, consequently there is great
crowd The Pope enters with ms court
cardinals and high officials OF the church1--
MANY of them in violet; his BODY gualq
each more than six feet high, in superb
Uniform. and wearing breastplates, the
classic helmets, and carrying hal6erdsi the
Swiss Guard, in their brilliant and striking
uniform said to have been designed py
Michael Angelo; knights OF Malta, IN shoLI
hIaok velvet circular mantels with luH
white ruffs around their necks, ana wear
ing the golden chain of the order; heaas OF
the papal household, wearing long-WalSleo
coats and knee breeehes OF crimson pro
ca5ed silk. in short a wonderful procession,
varied in color, and not to be seen at any
other time or place.
IMPRESSIVE CEREMONIES.
The Pope, who on many other important
occasions is carried in the sedia gestltor1a'
walks humbIy among his followers IN order
TO do honor to the newly beatified or canon
ized. as the case may be- He wears white
robe and small skull cap, and as he enters
q wildly enthusiastic demonstration taxes
Mace He slowly walks up the wide AISLE
extending his hands in benedicton- some