davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-20
ing dispatch to Congressman overstreet,

ing dispatch to Congressman Overstreet,
which was indorsed by the council:
SAN FRANCISCO, March IS, 1897
Jessie OUerstreet, M &, Washington, d. c.:
The San Francisco Labor Council emphatically
protests against the appointment of H. G. Otis
to any position under this administration.
lis open and bitter antagonism to all labor
organizations would cause such action to be-
regarded as little less than deliberate insult to
organized labor in this State.
ED ROSENBERG, Secretary Labor Council. |.
Joint Action on Street Lighting.
The Polk-street improvement Club has
issued the following call to the various City
street improvement clubs:
The preliminary step taken by the different i'm
provement clubs by temporarily paying for the
various electric iign is streets Tin addition
to the gas lights) with the view of convincing
government aud fellow-citizens of the neces-
sty OF having our business streets properly lit
out of the City funds, the executive committee OF
this club begs TO suggest 10 yOu the advisabty OF
taking JOINT action, and in order to discuss the
proper steps to bring about this most needed i'm
provement, begs 10 invite you the secretary and
other members OF your club 10 attend meeting
of represe tives of all improvement clubs in
terested in the light question. to be held our
ball. sos Polk street, on Monday the 22d inst, a
Up.
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-20
San Lm.., fnfas Afrav.

SAN LUIS OBIsPO, CAL, March 49,
P. H. DaIlidet Jr., who was fatally
wounded yesterday during family fight,
died this morning.
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-20

SUPER oRITY to fit defective sight conceded
to Berteling Optical Company; remov ed to IA
and 16 KsaTny street.
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-20

Who died at her residence, 1922 Bush
street, on March II, was the widow of DR..
William Mccormick, formerly of Grass
Valley. The deceased wss q native OF
Ohio, in which State she was born 81 years
ago. She was one of the early California
pioneer women, who came to this State and
settled in the mining regions when the
presence of white women was rarity. By
her kind acts she made q host of friends,
and, with her husband, was we'll known
in this State and Nevada She leaves q son
and daughter. besides host of friends, to
mourn her loss.
The San Francisco call., 1897-03-20

SAN FRANCISCO LABOR COUNCIL
March 10, 1897.
Governor Budd, Sacramento: We oppose As
sembly bill 2S5 as reactory and dangerous
to the liberties of citizens. Under pretense of
State charity it establishes q pauper wage,
constitutes mere idleness a statutory crime
and prescribes cruel and unnatural punish
ment We respectfully urge that you veto said
bill ED ROSENBERG,
Secretary San Francisco Building Trades
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
ARBITRATORS NAMED.
Venezuela Selects Justices Full
Ter and Brewer.

Washington, Jan. 2S.--Justice Brewer,
Of the supreme court, to day confirmed
that report that Chief Justice Fuller and
himself had been selected as arbitrator
on behalf of Venezuela in the matter OF
selecting the boundary dispute between
that country and Great Britain.
The formal signing of the treaty has
not yet been done, but Sir Julian Paunce.
fote, the British ambassador, and Senior
Andradc, the Venezuelan minister, have
been in daily conference and it is under.
stood that they are now ready for sigma.
lures
progress various matters of detail have
been considered and determined on by
the parties to the controversy, one of
which was the choice by Venezuela of
Chief Justice Fuller and Justice Brewer
as it's nrbitratorS
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
HUMOR OF THE HOUR.

About month ago farmer near
Chicago decided to move to town, SO he
went to tho city and hunted up real
estate agent and offered 20 trade his
farm for city lots. Tho agent WAS all
business and was i'll for u trade at once.
II want to show you, he said, "a
block of the finest lots anywhere i'll Chi
cago. They're centrally located and
cheap rs sawdust. Get in my buggy,
and I'll take you out to see them
They drove out and looked ut the lots,
and the agent ezpatated at great length
on the advantages of their location and
finally said:
Nov, when can 1 have look at
your farlnT'
TN show it to you presently said
the farmer. It's about ten miles back
Oh the road between here and town. -
Detroit Prce Press
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
An Old Hnnd.

81 am very sorry, sir" said the poet,
"butI am obliged to call your attention
to the fact that Il line i'll one of my re-
cent compositions was entirely pervcr-
ed and the meaning painfully distorted
by the compassion.
Young man. replied the editor,
that composition has gone through more
poems than you ever wrote or even read.
He has put i'll his life getting up poetry
of all kinds, spring and fall styles and
heavier goods for winter. He may have
changed your poem, hut whom you say
he harmed 1T you presume. When man
of his experience makes up his mind to
change "a piece of poetry. Il person i'll
your position should remember the re-
spect that ia due to superior knowledge
and not attempt to criticise. '-Wasb-
ingtOn Star
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29

nothing in the news of the day to war
rant it. May wheat opened from IS } 5
to IS 81, sold 1T -: declined to and closed
ut IL IS, 3.4 under yesterday Cash
wheat WAS weak and | .2c lower.
Corn-Very slightly variation in corn
prices took place. The market was
throughout Il steady one with only nod
crate transactions. The action of prices,
when any change did take place, was the
same rs that of yesterday. May corn
opened at % rs. sold between % :I.4a
23 !. S and 81 8, closing at the inside 1S
Cash corn was | Il higher, closing easier
with the futures.
Oats-Irading was far from active in
oats, but stcady tone prevailed. The
motive for strength was. naturally, de-
rived from wheat May ontS cloed Sal a
under yesterday. Cash oats were steady
to Ia higher, the nominal close being
easy with the advance lost
Observation-Disclosures to firm in the
tone prcdominated IN the produce mar
ket. There was Il fair demand but it was
principally to cover short sales made re.
Gently. The hog market showed some
change and was important as. IL factor
Later there We're free offerings and prices
sagged. May pork closed 1l.2 lower;
May lard unchanged, and Nav ribs II
shade lower. Hides steady. lipht ma
tivcs, & II; native cows. heavy, S1.2n
$ I'D; light, : 81; butt brands, heavy,
- 81 LIGHT Ia
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
A Proud Record .

"Who was that Squire Huxtablc that
died last week." asked the caller at the
newspaper Office.
He was man, . responded the ed
itor of the Perkins Junction Palladium,
"who had taken this paper 10 years,
always paid for it i'll advance, never ex-
pected mo to make :, local item about it
when he put "a new roof on his barn or
sold his pork, when he came i'll to ask
me Il question never began by saying,
An editor is supposed TO know every
thing, always sent Il 81 bill with the
wedding notice whenever any of his
family got married and never had an
idea he could run my paper better than
i could. -
And the editor of The Palladium fur
lively tried TO wipe away :, tear with
the Office towel. Chicago Tribune.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
THE NEW COMMISSIONER.
Mr.. Forman Confirmed ny ;hc senate
After Much Discussion.

Washington, Jan. 2S.-For more than
one hour the Senate this evening dis.
cusscd IN executive session the nominal
ton Of w. :. Forman. of Illinois, to be
commissioner of internal revenue ard
finally confirmed him by vote of Al to
10.
Other nominations were confirmed by
the Senate as follows: Chas. i. Iowry.
of Mississippi, ju'iSe Of the court OF
claims; Frank Dyer, of Massachusetts
United States consul mt Budapest. Hun
gary. Postmasters: tlabama-C. G.. Col
lier, Blocton; Louisiana--D. +. Munforl
st. Francisvilie; Miss Sebelle Knox Gin
ton; Mrs. Jennie Curtis, ThihodeauX
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
DARK HORSE WINS.
Mr.. Dubois Defeated in His Fight
For the SenatOrship.

Boise City, Idaho, Jan. 2S.-The Sena,
toriai contest in the Idaho State legisla-
turc terminated to day by the election of
Henry Heitfelt, Populist. The ballot was:
Heitfelt, 3D. Dubois. 80; j. +. Nelson, /.
Twenty five Populists, thirteen Demo
Gratis and one Republican voted for the
successful candidate
Heitfelt is of German descent and has
" limited command of the English Ian
yuage He has several times represented
his county in the State Legislature and is
at present member of the State senate
He has only rulimentary education
and is free silver man.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
THE FIRE FIEND.
Two Fires i'll Ohio Cause Much Damage
to Business Houses

Youngstown, o.. Jan % The whole
sale grocery house of Leav;tt, Mcconnell
&. Co., in the Shultz block, was destroyed
by fire this morning. The cause was Il
heater in the basement. Adjoining build.
ings were damaged, but saved by the fire
department. The firemen claim there
WAS lack of water pressure. The losses
are: Leavitt. Mcconnell Il Co., $50, 600,
insurance, $40, 900; Emil Schultz, $4,000;
insurance, $4,000.
Columbus, o., Jan. 2S. Fire this
morning destroyed almost the entire bus
mess portion OF the town of Centerburg.
fifty miles north of here, on the Cleveland,
Akron and Columbus road. Loss $50, 900.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
A PROBABLE SUICIDE.

Norfolk, Jan. 2S.-Early this afternoon
the dead body of IL man was found in II
room mt the Mansion House. 1t was af.
forwards identified as that OF David Hill.
lard, IL son of the late Judge Lewis Hill
lard, once prominent here as IL cotton
manufacturers billiard registered at the
hotel Sunday night. He WAS out Monday
night, but went to his room Tuesday
night and was not seen again alive. 1t
is thought 20 he a ease Of deliberate sui
eide, though the only clue so far discoy-
cred is an empty pill box which was found
npnr The bed.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
\ FATAL ALARM.
Four burglars Surprised at Their WorJ
Kill Il Groccryman.

y
Chattanooga, Term, Jan. 2S.-At an
early hour this morning Niryil NJ. Moore
II we'll to do groceryman of this city, was
called to his store by the ringing of Il
burglar alarm. He surprised four white
men in the act of pillagng the place,
but when ordered to throw NV their hands
they opened fire on him ut close quarters
INJECTING wounds from which he died
later. One of the robbers was wounded
ana left "a trail of blood through the snow
to the bank of the Tennessee river.
Ottowa, Ont, Jan 9S.-The village OF
Gatineau Point, situated across the river
from this city, was visited last night ny
fire which destroyed three principal stores
Of the place. Loss $50, 000 partly covered
by insurance.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
Adultcration.

Zone of the great objections to whis-
ky, said the man of abstemious habits,
lis the fact that in this era of adultera.
ton it contains so many foreign sub
stances.
Young man., replied Colonel Still
well, you have just given uttcrance to
one of the most impressive truths that |
know of. Why, sub, last night / saw IL
man pouring watah into it, Tx
change.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
LOST IN THE SNOW.

Birmingham, Ala, Jan. 2S.-News
reached this city to-day of IL lynching IN
Bibb county, near Briarfield. a negro,
name unknown, raped young white girl
named Battle. a posse went in pursuit
of him, despite the bitter cold weather.
and after long search captured and
brought him up for identification. On
being identified he was started toward
the county Jail. but was lost .somew here
in the snow.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
IN The W0ELD if FINANCE
NEW YORK STOCKS.

New York, Jan. S.-Specnlation was
extremely dull again to day ut the stock
exchange and in Il majority of instances
the fluctuations were tritling. The only
wide changes: were in Il few of the special
ties, certain of which advanced while
others declined. The trading, however,
was 80 small that 20 special significance
was attached to any of the movements.
The transactions aggregated only S..lJ6
shares. of which 1880 were American
sugar refining.
The fact that quotations from London
came fractionally higher ut the opening
did not authorize the nnrket to make any
response owing to lack OF orders from
outside account Prices yielded l-Sai.?c.
but the losses were soon recovered, only to
he followed by another decline. when left
the Lending stocks frnctionally below last
NIGHTS finals.
The declaration of long expected two
per cent. dividend by the It Paul and
OMAHA road led to no activity in that
stock and il closed with a net gain of only
Is per cent Northern Pacific preferred
class were noticajly strong and advanced
from 80 :; ! TO b. IL we'll known Broadway
house with Washington connection being
Il prominent dealer.
Hooking Valley advanced early on the
announcement that the company hal
provided for the interest and that the hi.
luminous coal roads had settled their
urou bles. 1t is believed that the agree
ments will 90 into effect at once. Nan
haitian was sold down | SIS TO 80 rs on IL
vague rumOr that the company had de-
cided upon Il new issue of bonds, but there
WAS Il partial recovery on denial of the
story Long Island fell > and recovered
| per cent. while I.ackawanna rose IL
and later lost the improvement. Lake
shore declined II point.
Speculation closed rather weak in tone
owing to the appearance of selling orders
in Sugar, which carried that stock DOM
10 ilG IL. While the stock market was
sluggish commission houses report good
inquiry for Investment bonds
Government bonds We're notably strong
as Il result of ease in money and the Fours
OF 1929 to DAY scored the highest percent
age for IL very long time past. Net
changes show declines i'll stocks OF Ia
| -l.per cent, Manhattan leading. NORTH
crn Pacific preferred gained ! 10 and
Hooking Valley 81 per cent. Mani;Db.
jumped , per cent.
The general bond market was strong.
Sales footed up 81 622 900. Treasury hal
ance=: Coin, 1922, 367, 1iS; currency, SOB,
.l23, Jj9
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
MANY PLAGUE NICIlMs.

Bombay, Jan. IS The official report
issued shows that there have been ! .395
cases of the bubonic plague and 3,215
deaths from the disease in the city of
BON bay and 694 cases and ga deaths
from the plagne have occurred at Karachi.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
HE IRISH pARTY,sCORED.

Dublin, Jan 2S.-A manifesto largely
signed by the Catholic clergy has been
issued in Recommendation of the recent
course of the faction of the Irish party
and declaring that the Irish national par
~ has now reached its lowest stage or in
nllicinncN
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29

When man says he is satisfied with
his lot, you may be sure of one of two
thing he is Il very cnterprising
and cunning specimen Of humanity or
he il har. I'm to Date.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
4 FORMAL DENIAL.

ONION, Jan. ga dispatch from
Madrid to the Central News says that
Premier CaDovas had made formal de-
NAL that any negotiations for new COM
mercial treaty between Spain and the
United States are in progress, us has been
alleged
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
SUICIDE Az NOREnI.k

Norfolk, Jan. 2S.-About j o'clock this
afternoon Mrs VIM. Shrizynski shot her
self in the stomach with Il revolver. She
died ut O'Clock tonight. Her mind
WAS unbalanced by the death of her little
child some months ago
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
TIE INVITATION DECLINED

Ottowa, Ont, Jan 2S.-Owing to pres
sure of business, Premier I.aurier has de
clined the invitation of the Washington
birthday celebration conn ittee OF Chi
ca"o to speak at IL banquet to be held
there on February - next.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
BUCKLEN's ARNICA sALvE.

The Best Save in the world for Cuts.
Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum,
Fever Sores, letter, Chapped Hands, Chill
blains, Corns, and all Skin Eruptions,
and positively cures Piles, or 10 pay re-
quired 1t is guaranteed to give perfect
satisfaction or money refunded. Price %
cents per box For sale ut Massie's Phar-
macy, 100 Jefferson street. Roanoke.
KIMBALL COAL! KIMBAIL COAL,
The cheapest and hest substitute for
Anthracite coal. w, X. Andrews * Co.,
Roanoke agents
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
READY TO FIliHr.

Rome, Jan. 2S.-The war Office has or
aered six battnlions of troops to be got in
readiness to start for Massowah.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
NAVAL MOVEMENTS.

Washington, Jan. 2S.-The flagship
San Francisco has arrived at Willie
Franche; the Boston mt Chemulpo and the
Raleigh ut Key West.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29

All of the gas Goals are kept in stock Ivy
w. X. ANDREWS & CO., ut o19 Salem
avenue. Their belled teams will deliver
it. Send in your orders.
Doll babies, doll babies, doll babes
Grayatt's Fair, 8 Salem avenue
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
ANOTHER NOMINATION.

Washington, Jan. 2S.-The President
sent to the Senate the nomination OF w.
;. Harris rs postmaster at Wilson, y. C..
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
TO THE TRADE:
NEW CONCERN.

Referring to the above, we will continue at The
nld stand. No. Jefferson Street, retaining nj, OF
r. w Bro1n'e former empls yes
with 1ull stock and ample facilities for doing
business. we respectfully solicit your patronage
Very Rrspectfully
FAIRFAX BROS.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29


city,
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
III q = " 9 :

Are Tie Messengers Of Sense. the Telegraph
system nj the human body.
Nerves extend from the brain 10 every par:
of the body and reach every organ
Nerves are like fire good servants but hard
masters.
Nerves are fed by tile blood and are therefore
like it in character
Nerves viii hc weak and exhausted ii the
blood Is thin. pale and impure.
Nerves viii surely be- strong and steady if
the blood is rich, red and vigorous
Nerves find Il true friend in IIood's Sarsapa.
rlla because it makes rich red blood
Nerves do their work naturally and WE'LL
the brain IS uncloudcd there are no
neuralgia pains. appetite and digcs-
ton are good, when sou take
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29
Il. X. I'AiIrAX,
G.. 2. EAIRIAN.

II. X. FAiEFAX, CT FAIRrAx
e. l.. BELL, Special.
The Roanoke times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1897-1977, 1897-01-29

Oysters by the pint. quart or gallon AT
j. j. Catogni's.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1897-08-25
ApMrNIsTRATRIx's NOTICE

NJ OTICE is HEREBY GIVEN THAT
~ the undersigned has this day been ap-
pointed Administrative OF the Estate OF
John Camacho, deceased, of Honolulu,
Island OF Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, and all
creditors are hereby notified to present
their claims duly authenticated, and with
proper vouchers, II any exist, even II the
claim is secured by mortgage, at the Office
OF A G. Correa, 20S Merchant Street, bo-
noulu, within six moni hs from date or be
forever barred. And all persons indebted
to the said Estate are requested to make
immediate payment Of said Indebtedness
to A. G.. Correa, at his officer
EMBELlNA CAMACHO,
Administrative Estate of John Camacho,
deceased.
July 20, 1897. 639-4 oaw
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1897-08-25

The wise men met together to
devise ways and means to get out
of the hole. A bright idea occurred
to one OF them. "Let us use the
Sugar Trust bugaboo" was the cry,
and the brilliant idea was instantly
put into effect. The official annex
alton organ appeared the next day
with a fake despatch announcing
that the Trust through Claus
Spreckels had sent one million dol
lars ($l,00000O to Hawaii to be
used in an anti-annsxation campaign
and to pay all expenses of mass
meetings etc, during the expected
visit OF the senators. Editorially
the organ seriously discussed the
matter and stated repeatedly, that
spontaneous meeting of Hawaians
hostile to annexation would have
been entitled to respect and even
consideration, but Sugar Trust
bought enthusiasm would have no
more effect than breath on an
armor clad ship.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1897-08-25
Timely Topics.
Honolulu, Aug. 19, 1897
OUR AERMOTORS

have won the palm for ex-
cellence throughout the whole
Hawaiian group. They are
found everywhere, and every
where approved. Their sales
exceed those of all other wind
mills combined. And why?
Because, not only will they
run when ALL OTHER
WINDMILLS STAND
STILL, but they require less
care and attention than any
others, being simpler and
more complete and perfect in
their construction. Ministers
Cooper and Damon are both
satisfied with them, and so is
Paul Isenberg whose pump
forces water 10000 feet to an
elevation of 100 feet. We
have both the pumping and
GEARING AERMOTORS.
The latter will save you horse
power and engine for grind
ing grain, cutting feed, saw
ing wood and a thousand and
one other necessities on a
ranch or plantation. In con-
nection with these marvellous
mills we carry Goulds and
Krough's TRIPLEAC ACTING
FORCE PUMPS, Syphon
pumps and other pumps es-
pecially adapted for a Aermo-
tors. Also patent WATER
TANKS in sizes of 500,
1000, 1000, 5000, 5000 and
10000 gallons. The Aermo-
tor is victorious everywhere.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1897-08-25

even Senator Morgan to see for
himself that the emisssries Of the
Hawaiian Government in Washing
ton have been piling falsehood upon
falsehood in regard to the senti-
meuts OF the Hawaiians would never
do, 1t would be too dangerous al
together and might lead to most
embarrassing denouemeDts.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1897-08-25
WEDNESDAY, AUG, 25, 1897,
THE HAWAIIAN SITUATION.

UP to date the Japanese have not
taken the Hawaiian Islands, nor
have they landed force of soldiers
disguised as coolies, nor has any
uprising taken place among the men
now here. Our Custom House is
yet in the hands OF Hawaiian officials
and the officers of the Naniwa con-
fine their hostility to exchanging
ciyilities with their colleagues on
board the U. 5. ships and with the
people ashore whom, according to
the annexation press, they intend to
devour.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1897-08-25

The Dole republic has many wor-
ries, indeed, and when in their lonely
chambers many Of the gentlemen
who hurrahed at the overturn of
the monarchy wish that they had
left we'll enough alone instead of
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1897-08-25

Their plans in regard to the hold
ing of meetings reached the ears Of
the Government and caused con-
siderable Consideration in the annex
alton camp. The Government dared
not forbid meeting of peaceful
citizens Such, step would not
alone be contrary to their own con-
stitution, fact that wouldn't worry
them very much, but it would be
proven to create bad impression
among the people Of the United
States, and cause suspicion among
the wavsripg senators. But to allow
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1897-08-25

The difficulties between the Ha-
waiian and Japanese Governments
are being discussed between their
respective foreign Offices according
to usual diplomatic methods and
will in proper time be settled peace
fully, if the Dole administration can
refrain for once from putting it's
hoof in it. The Japanese scare has
simply been used by the annexation
clique to gain sympathy in the
United States and stir up feeling
among those Indifferent to the Ha-
waiian question, that something
must be done to prevent the ag-
grandisement Of the Japanese EN-
pire. 1t is Of course to be expected
that jingoes like Minister Sewall
and Admiral Beardslee are ready to
welcome and promote the Japanese
scare fake. In the meantime the
planters are importuning the Gov
ernment for more Japanese cheap
laborers. The only thing the plant
ers fear is decreased dividends.