The herald., 1897-04-20

every street within these limits, with
the exception of a certain area lying
above the $50 feet contour line, which
area cannot be reached without great
deal of additional expense on account
of its high elevation.
AREA TO BE SUPPLIED WITH WA
TER
The city limits enclose very large
area to deal WITH made exceptionally
difficult on account of the broken and
undulating surface interspersed with
isoated hills and ridges. The extreme
length, north and south, Is 2-3 miles;
while the extreme width, east and
west, is 61k miles.
There is within the city limits total
area of 25, 54S acres, or nearly 40 square
miles, of which amount total OF 22,524
acres can be supplied with water, or SS.16
per cent of the entire city can be reached
by the proposed city water supply sys-
tenn.
This blank area of 1924 acres comprises
mostly Elysian park, portions OF High
lands and also certain highly elevated
and isolated sections on the east side
of the Los Angeles river. Some OF these
hills have an altitude Of over 800 feet
above sea level, or nearly 400 feet above
our source of supply, the elevations OF
different sections of the city ranging
from 1870 to over 300 feet.
The additional expense to be incurred
in order to raise q moderately large
body of water to such height Is SO
great. and the beneficial results obtained
thereby so disproportionate to the results
obtained by the other portions OF the
city. that these sections have not been
Included in the general distribution plan;
hut the small amount of water required
for this territory during the next 20
or 30 years may be furnished by isolated,
inexpensive district pumping plants,
which may easily draw their supply by
tapping the nearest main
The difficulties as presented to engi-
neere in devising a simple, ample and
efficient waterworks system for city
of such large extent as Los Angeles, to-
gether with the undulating topography
of the same and the desire to reduce the
initial cost and eventual running expense
to a possible minimum, are somewhat
better realized by comparison OF the
needed requirements for Los Angeles
and the established works OF other
cities.
The city of Paris. France, covers an
area of thirty square miles, against forty
square miles in Los Angeles; the former
has a population of 116 per acre, while
Los Angeles has at present but 1892, and
cannot reasonably be expected 10 in
crease this population to more than 10
per acre within the next fifteen or
twenty years.
The city of Paris contains 5S2 miles OF
streets, while Los Angeles has now 1856
miles of graded streets and a total of a
little over 500 miles Of graded and un-
graded streets.
The city of Paris has an ample daily
supply Of 81. 100000 gallons for popuia-
tion Of over 2,25O,000 Inhabitants, while
Los Angeles uses not less than 10000, 900
gallons per day with 100, 900 Inhabitants.
QUANTITY OF WATER REQUIRED
The first factor in the designing of a
water supply is to determine what guam
tity of water will be required adequate
for its present and prospective uses. The
practice generally is to obtain statistics
from cities already supplied and to re-
duce these to general average applica-
bic to the case at hand.
No better reasons to provide for
plentiful supply have ever been given in
short and concise form than the opening
-.
pines memoir on the subject of supply
Ing the city of San Francisco with water,
where he set forth that: "A public water
supply to a city. should have sources
adequate, not only for the present de-
mands for domestic uses, for manufac-
tories, for public baths, for fountains
and irrigation of private and public
grounds, for sprinkling the streets and
nd fat. 81
extinguishment of fires, but also for all
OF these purposes when the population
shall have been trebled. and in addition
thereto, with the means of extending,
the works at future time, in conform
ity with some general plan, which, while
adapted to supply for the present, will
permit of the future extension above
indicated with the least loss of the first
expenditure"
In order to make comparisons between
this and other cities for the purpose NJ
determining the average daily consump-
tion per capita, the area, the number of
Inhabitants, the probable increase of
population and increase of manufactur-
Ing and commercial enterprises is the
nrst Item to be considered. On the an
pended sheet is illustrated diagram
maticaliy the so-called population curve
OF number of cities compiled from tb.
united States census. The cities of San
francisco, Buffalo. Cleveland. Milwau-
kee, Kansas City,St Paul. Omaha Denver
and Los Angeles show essentially the
same curve, that is. the same ratio of in
crease of yearly population.
Estimating the present population of
Los Angeles to be approximately 100 0O0
proportionate increase by the popula
ton curve of Los Angeles would thereby
indicate the following number of inhab-
itants: In 1897, 100. 900; in 1900, 1872. 900: in
1902, $4,000; 1906 1885, 900; in 1908. 220 900:
IN 1910, 241,000 inhabitants. This latter
ngure has been made the basis for cal
culation as regards the number of peo-
pie to be served by the system.
For the purpose Of illustrating the i'm
portance of providing literally for an III
crease of population and anticipating
thereby the needed wants, actual re-
Quirements, and increased facilities for
handling, storing and distributing pota-
Die water. attention is called to the Man
NAL OF American Water Works. where
statistics gathered on these lines show a
natural average increase of 9s per cent
IN population between the years 1880 and
1880 In group Of seven southwestern
states, inclusive of California
Following the best practice OF hvdrau-
lie engineering. maximum Consume
tion OF 200 gallons per day of twenty-four