The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-08
written for the Citlzen.)


food and various drinks at counters
running along The sides of the room,
and serving everything automatically
when the proper coins-which are
plainly Indicated for each article
are deposited, The articles of food are
seen in plates behind glass panels.
The depositing of the coin causes the
plate to be lowered to the counter,
within reach of the customer, while
another plate moves forward into posi-.
ton for tde next conner. Any drink
selected is similarly supplied, glass
being taken from peg, rinsed in jet
of water, and placed under the tap,
which automatically measures out Just
glassful. The visitor finds the place
Clearly and attractive, with every facIl-
lty for helping himself, and tables at
which he may stand or sit while eat
ing.
The experiments of DIR. Fogheraiter
have shown that the magnetic dip
of terra Gotta vases may help to fix the
date of the vases, or, conversely, may
give the earth's dip for that place and
period. There are no records of mag
netic dip earlier than 1876. Since then
1t reached maximum of 74o AZ in
Italy in 1920, then gradually dimin.
lshed to the present value of SO 30/,
while the vases examined indicate
dip toward the South Pole about the
eighth century b. G. 1t is now sug-
gested that fires and volcanic eruptions
OF known date may have left magnetic
! records. For example, the brick walls
of the council hall of the ducal palace
in Venice, burned in 1875, should he
examined for traces of remanent mag
netism, and substances at Hercula-
neum may be expected to have Retain
ed magnetism impaired by the lava in
the direction of the earlh's dip at the
date of eruption.
Close connection is traced by II.
Luggin between photo-vollaic currents
set up III silver salts and the decompo-
sitions giving photographs.
A difficulty encountered in the pre-
paration of foundations for the Paris
International Exhibition of 1900 is the
character of the banks of the Seiue,
which are formed of stone and eartn
filling, resting on fine sand, easily
washed out during periods of Hood.
This difficulty is being overcome by
new system, devised by Nj. Louis Du-
lac. Wells about % feet in diameter,
spaced about feet between centres.
are sunk TO varying depths down to
about so feet by means of special
pile driver, having IA boring weight of
conical form, and these wells are filled
with lime and cement concrete, which
is rammed hard by second weight of
different form. This process forms
series of monoithic columns anchored,
into the ground, the concrete spread
ing to some extent into the sides of
the well. In his first experiments with
this system, the inventor was enabled
to construct buildings eXerting load
of nearly 4 tons per square foot on
ground that previously carry tenth
as much, and later building weighing
about tons per square foot was
placed on land where the first fall of
the boring weight had thrown up j.,
of semi-liquid mud to a height of 30
feet.
~
gede, the most powerful in Europe, is
estimated at 100000 horsepower. DIR.
Gustave de Laval, the inventor of
the famous turbine, and M. Gin, the
inventor of the process for making ru-
bies, are arranging to put TO work this
enormous store of long wasted energy
For what? is asked by Nj. F. Laur
This writer disposes of the matter by
! asalnnN fRaaw Il.
power will be needed for aluminium,
rubies, carbide of calcium, cerium,
carbornudum, and sodium, but that,
on the most plausible hypothesis, from
100000 TO 10000 horsepower will be
used for iron-making. AS it has been
found practicable to obtain electrically
5000 tons of iron year with 900
horse power, the falls of Kraengede
can throw on the market 5000, 900
tons of iron or steel. "What an avail.
anche! and how all our plans may be
turned upside dowd by it,"
In the streets of Portsmouth, Eng.
each of 240 lamp posts is provided with
both an arc anu an incandescent lamp.
1t is designed To use the weaker light
at hours when the other is not neces-
sary, and an automatic switch on each
post enables the operator at the central
station to eXtinguish instantly one set
of lights and light the other set
Double trees are worspipped in In
dia as divine. OF these curious freaks,
which are two trees-usually of differ
ent species-that have become acct
dentally united, M. Hector Leyeille
mentions four examples now to be seen
In each case one of the trees forming
the union is u fly, the adyentive roofs
let down by this tree from its branches
seeming to play an important part in
causing the plants to become Joined.
In the principal street of Vellore
MeLiG Azddirdchhd is completely sur
rounded by Eicus reiigiOSd, attracting
much venerative attention; at Courtal-
lum BOrdSsus fabeLtifOrnlis is entirely
imprisoned by Ficus BengaLensis; in
the colonial garden of Pondicherry, a
Ficus BengdLensis letting fall its roofs
destined to be transformed into trunks
from the topof palm tree, the ca
r0ytd ureus, gives an exact idea of the
process of growing together; and at
Colombo BOrdsslts is closely held at
its base in Ficus. The effect of a
palm surrounded by fig and appar-
emily growing from it is very singular.
Timber used in mines is subject to
| decay from various causes, such as
warm moist air; but the most serious
cause, according to paper by Mr.. J i.
Bateman to the British Society of
Mining Students, is the chemical ac-