The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-03-01

met half dozen farmers in Utah who
could give him any direct idea as TO
how much their cows did produce. The
average COW, according toUnited States
] statistics, produced about 100 pounds
of butter in year. The speaker thought
that a cow which paid her way
should give at least 200 TO $50 pounds
of butter in year. A good COW should
give 800 pounds of butter in a year.
Why is it, then. that there is such a
great difference between the average
COW and the good COW? Two reasons
f1rst, she is not the right kind of a COW ::
second. she is not properly fed and
cared for. The first point the speaker
dwelt on particularly A good dairy
COW is Matchmaking machine, and,
therefore, she should possess those
points which indicate that she is a
large and economic producer. AS a
COW is milk manufactorv, she must
have large receptacle in which TO
store the milk; in other words. a large
udder. To produce a large quantity
and to produce it economically a COW
must eat large quantity of food
Therefore, she should have a large
stomach, which is indicated by a large
barrel. o. middle piece.
The production of milk is closely re-
lated to the maternal qualities of the
COW. We, therefore, find that the COW
is broad across the loin, arched through
the hips, indicative of strength. Those
several points together give to the
COW what is called the wedge-shaped
form Viewed from the side the COW
widens and deepens towards the ami
NAL BODY pointed towards the milk
pail The speaker then discussed in
detail the various parts of the animal
body and showed their relation TO eco
nomic milk production.
lengthy and interesting discussion
followed.
At the close of the discussion and
talk on dairy subjects. Director Foster
presented a highly instructive address
on summer following and rotation of
crops.
ROTATION VS.. FALLOW.
Some crops, said the speaker, may
be grown on the same land year after
year with success; lucerne, for example,
or mixed grasses, on fields used for
pasture. A soil may be kept fertile
by proper system of rotation and the
judicious application Of appropriate
fertilizers. Such a rotation should in
clude one cultivated crop in order to
keep the soil free from weeds. In a
system which includes clover, lucerne
or mixed grasses, the same object may
be accomplished without the hoed
crops, but the soil will not be left in as
excellent a mechanical condition for
the next crop. In addition TO the faci.-
tiles for cleaning land rotation offers
the best opportunity for the economic
use of manures. The necessity of rails
ing a series of crops in succession is
based on the fact that growing one
kind of crop for a long time on the
same piece of land partially exhausts
the soil of the foods upon which that
special crop feeds. While a crop re-
quiring different elements. or the same
elements in different proportions, may
still be successfully produced.
The benefits resulting from a suitable
rotation were summarized as follows:
1. 1t ECONOMICS both the applied ma
nures and the natural supply of fer
tilitv contained in the soil. Different
crops feed upon different soil ingre-
dents: or at least they require the
ingredients in varying proportions, so
that proper succession of crops brings
in due time all the natural or applied
elements of plant food into use. 2. 1t
tends toward the enrichment of the sur
face soil, owing TO the variety of
modes in which plants obtain their
foods Reans, peas, clover and other
legumes draw nitrogen from the air,
and deep-rooted plants take much of
their nourishment from the subsoil.
3. 1t aids in economical farm man
agement by giving opportunity TO carry
on the labor in proper order and evenly
distribute it over the various seasons
of growth Crops maturing at differ
ent times may be better cared for and
at a less cost of labor. 4. A regular
succession of crops is helpful in keep |
ing the soil free from weeds and es-
pecially so when a hoed crop is in
GUIDED in the system. 3. Rotation also |
improves the texture or mechanical |
condition of soils.
Referring to the advantages of sum- |
the speaker said it was |
beneficial in the following ways: 1. 1t |
increases soil moisture to such an ex-
tent that its influence is felt through
out the following seasons. 2 The |
productiveneSS of the land is much in
through the favorable condi-
tons that fallow offers for changing
the inert nitrogen and other plant food
into available forms to be taken up
by the plant. A soil depleted of its
soluble phosphates. lime and potash,
may, by fallow, be restored TO fertility
we'll cultivated crop of potatoes.
corn, or beets is in itself a good kind
Of fallow. 8. The land is cleared from
weeds and put in good mechanical con-
dition, loose, fine and mellow. L. The
amount os nitrogen in the soil Is in
creased through the absorption of am
monia from the atmosphere, and by
the receipt of both ammonia and nitric
acid and nitrates-the source OF nit
rogen in plant food-to the soil, is the
most important result of a bare fallow.
From the facts presented, he con-
GUIDED that proper system of rotation
has the following advantages over
summer fallow: l. The land is turned
10 profitable use, producing food for
man and beast, thus giving returns
for the labor expended. 2. Both ash and
nitrates are collected from the subsoil
1r air and brought TO the surface for
The use of succeeding crops 3. The
nitrogen is kept in an insoluble form
n vegetable matter. and cannot be
washed away. and so accumulates to a
greater extent than in fallow T. HUI
nus is produced.
Truth in NrtGha11