davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08

Transacts . General Trust business.
Acts - Trustee, Registrar, and Transfer
Asentt Executor. Guardiaa, Administres
tor, &C. Takes entire charge Of r cal and
Personal Estates. Acts ~ Fiscal Assns fer
States. Municipalities, and Corporations.
Legal Depositnry for Court aud Trust
Funds. Interest allowed On Deposits.
Checks pass through the Now York Clear.
ipg.House. Money loaned on bond and
mortgage. Issues First Mortgage Trust
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08
finantial.
Houston and Texas Central
First Mortgage Bonds
Notice Of Bonds Drawn for Payment.

Tho Houston and Texas Central Railroad
Company. having in its possession cash proceeds
from sales Of lands covered by Trust Indenture
between Frederic P. Ocott the Central Trust
Company Of New York and the Southern Pacific
Company. dated April l. 1890. which are ap-
plicable to the purchase OF The Houston and
Texas Central Railroad Company's First Mort
gage bonds secured by such Indenture, to an
amount sufficient at the price limited In SAID
Trust lndenture to purchase and retire ZZo OK
such bonds: and. 1t having been found that such
bonds cannot be purchased at or below Ito per
centum OF the par value thereof and accrued
interest thereon. there have been drawn by lot,
under the provisions Of such Trust Indenture.
bonds secured thereby bearing the distinguish
Ing numbers hereinafter stated, to be paid for
out Of such proceeds Of such land sales at the
said rate Of 10 per centum Of the par value
thereof and accrued interest thereon.
The distinguishing numbers Of the bonds 20
drawn are rs follows. VIZ:
II. 81. A.. 90. 149. 1915. 198. 81. 413. Al 442.
400. so. 524. 525. 527 600 699 712. 100. 791.
$50. s22. $40 $50. $50. 921. 039. 943. 9S5. 9S6.
1869 1876 1905. 1000. 1869. 1888, 1862. 1920,
1922 1892 1893. 1894. 1916 1864 1863 1908.
1917 1915 1920. 1922 2O4l 2O71. 2O72. 21o7.
2l09 22oO. 220l. 1000. 222l. 2276. 2277. 23lb.
1885, 1881. 2444. 1854. 2G53. 2740. 2775 2701.
2s20 1881. 2S45. 2SSO. 29lS. 20l9 2951 3103.
3l04. 3lO7. 315S $3.50. 8l79. 1881. 8203 3214.
1916. 3277. 1904. 1906. 1908. 1921. 3378. 342S,
1882. 3433. 3443. 1861. 3579. 3S45, 3S46. 1901.
1921. 1929. 1870. 1880. 39Sl. 1852 1856. ALI.
4l2S. 4129 Aba 414l. 414S 4149 4179 4260.
426l. 43l4. 43lS. 400. 4441. 4456 4484. 4497.
4GOl. 1880 1858. 1896. All. 47i2,, 1880 478S.
479O 475l. 1880. 1928. 5Ol2. 5OS1. ,5090.r 800.
5ll1. 5112 5175 52O5. $500. 5430. b4A1, 5471.
54sl 54s3. 5is6. 5533. 555S. 5GI9, 56S1. 1904.
$685. 5G96. 5697. 5G0s. 57s9. $780, 67gl. 5793.
1886. 1886 5S42. coo. 6O6O. G151. Gl52. 6233.
6231. G24S $685. 62S2. 62S3. 6314. 6S15, 6386.
G375. G373. 8i54. 6I55. 6S63. GS84. 692O. 8975,
1856. 7OIS. 71O4. 1920, 7l40. 7lS3, 1923. 7242.
7274. 1907. 73i5. 74:7. 7439. 1887. 1908. 77S1.
1883. 1855. 1861. 1862. 1868. 1854. 1866. $685.
sOO4. sOl2. Sob. SOl4. $780,
The bonds bearing such distinguishing num-
bers Will be paid for at the rate above men
toned. viz. 10 per centum and accrued inter-
est. upon presentation thereof with all unma-
tured coupons attached thereto. at the once Of
the Houston and Texas Central Railroad Com
pany. Mills Building. New-York City.
The bonds 80 drawn will cease to bear interest
from and after sixty days published notice Of
such drawing viz, from and after the S1st day
OF December. 1897.
NEW YORK October %. 1897.
HOUSTON & TEXAS CENTRAL RAIL.
ROAD COMPANY,
BY THOS. II. HUBBARD,
President.
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08
Wmited $tates
SNottpx(}e + Grust Co.

50 CEDAR STREET, NEW YORK.
CAPITAL L------.---.---...-...-...-.. u. 100000.
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08

Domestic exchange as follows at the places
named: Savannah-Buying. 1-l6c: OF; selling.
par. New w-Oreans-Commercial. 81 70 discount;
bank par. Chareston-Buying. par: selling. ac.
premium. San Francisco-Sisht. 1lsc.: tele-
graph. 10c Chicago-Par to lOc. premium.
Boston-501Oc. premium.
Bank clearngs in this city were: Exchanges.
S157 $40 90; balances Sl0.455.OG6. Boston-Ex-
changes. S1S19JO7S: balances. Sl.I6S.361. Chi
cago-Exchangcs. S1S0J0.S $50; balances. 900
1S1 ladelphia-Exchanges. Sl4 33o l06: BAL
ances S1810677 Baltimore-Exchanges. S3.-
10000: balances, S338.341. 90
The commercial price OF bar silver was VOc;
Mexican silver dollars. 4Ihc. In London bar
silver was unchanged at 2IAd Silver exports
tomorrow, 6O5 900 ounces and SIo'OOo CMe1l-
CAM. ~, -. s
Money on call In London was 21, per cent and
omen market discounts 15-l6Q3 per cent Tor
short and long bills Paris exchange on London' on
25 francs 2i centimes. Berlin discount rate' as
Der cent. British consols closed at 10 f1r
money and 1l3h for the account rrencn
rnnte. 1GS francs S2h centirnes. Paris discount
rate per cent
THE FEDERAL TREASURY.
To.dav.s Washington Treasury statement. GOV,
erinr actual results for two days ago, compared
with the last preceding statement. gives the ioi-
lowing balances:
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08

THE GERMANIA LIFb INSURANCE. COMPANY
November 2. 1891
THE ANNUAL ELECTION OF DlkECIalL.S
held the principal oce Of the Company Nc 70 NssssS S
Street the City OF New York on Wednesday. sne stn
day oS December. 1897. from IL n to =;
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08

NEW YORK AND HONDURAS ROSARIO MINING CO.
NO. IA BROADWAY.
New York. Dec. 7th 1897
DIVIDEND NO Al.
THE TRUSTEES Of the Company have this
day declared dividend OF ten cents per share on
its capital stock payable December GOTH 1897.
The books will be closed from December 10th
to Goth. S. JACOBY. Treasurer.
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08

NOTICE TO THE OWNERS AND HOLDERS OF
BONDS OF THE OAMEwELI, FIRE ALARM TEL
EGRAPH COMPANY OF NEW YORK.
THE GAMEWELL FIRE ALARM TELE-
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08

EXECUTORS, ADMINISTRATORS oUARDIANe AND
OTHERS HOLDING TRUST FUNDS ARE AUIHoh-
EED BY AN ACT OF THE LEoloA-nao
BONDS AND STOCK.
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08
THE BOND MARKET.

l. B. IS 1879 l2st l29< Cher ~ lsf3 '-ioSh
In State issues $4,000 Tennessee settle
ment IS sold at 90I.. S55. 900 at 9Ols. $1,000 at
01 and $1,000 Virginia funded debt 2-3s Of 1901
at 6S%. Ten shares OF Bank OF Commerce stock
sold at 200. against POSI-. the last preceding
sale, and forty-seven shares OF the Tradesmen's
Bank at 102
Railroad bonds were strong and active on
large and wey distributed volume OF business.
Total sales were 81 125. 600. par value. againet
So 600 yesterday. The more important deal
ings were in the Atchison and Northern Pacific
issues. Chesapeake and Ohio AVS. ROCK Island
debenture 5s. Metropolitan Street Railway os.
Kansas and Texas seconds, Missouri Pacific first
consol 6s. Norfolk and Western consol is ore
gon Short Line issues. Reading general 3s. 81
Louis and Iron Mountain general 5s. st Louis
and San Francisco general IS. Southern Rail
way first IS. Texas and Pacific second incomes.
Union Pacific purchase receipts. Wabash second
5s. Chicago Terminal receipts. and Inion Ele-
waited first receipts The chief net gains were
made by Central OF Georgia nrst 5s 2i& 10 11SA:
the first incomes. IL 10 40; kansas ana Texas
seconds. to 64i3; Oregon Short Line hrst con,
sol IS, IL to J3%; St Paul. Minneapolis and
Manitoba consol 6s. IL TO 130; Chicago and
Northwestern thirty-year debenture IS. TO ~.
International and Great Northern thirds | TO - :
Union Elevated first receipts. IN to SUI 81
Louis and Iron Mountain general Js. = to - =
New-Haven consol debenture receipts. l TO l4l
Atchson adu.mecn' So1sers S1 MissSrI Pseiae
general lien IS. IL to GlI4; Central OF Georgia
consol 5s. 4 to 91i1. Missouri Central first re.
ceipts. !. to :4t7; Union Pacific Denver and Gun
=.
rs. l TO 90: Toledo, 81. DouIs and Kansas city
rrsts to 81 ST. Joseph and Grand Island
2-3-4s. ~ to 20. 81 Louis and san Francisco
general Gs. u 20 1l9: Burlington debenture os.
!, TO 1862: Columbus and Ninth Avenue nrsts.
n TO 1874 Duluth and Iron Range hrsts. a TO
l04 Galveston. Houston and Henderson os: 2
to SCR and Knoxville and Ohio nrsts. Il to ll1.
Central Railroad and Banking Of Georgia coll
lateral gold IS lost q. TO ~: Louisville and
Line income 5s y to 51ir: Kansas Pacific hrst
consol receipts n to 90: Toledo and Ohio Central
nrsts y to 105; Union Pacific purchase receipts.
a to Ill, and Burlington and Quincy Denver
division 4sD. II to 99h.
MONEY AND EXCHANGE.
Money on call was 1&G2 per cent. Time
money 2h per cent for sixty days. per
cent for three months. 3d3A per cent for four
months and 31 per cent for six months. Com
mercial paper rates were 3kG4 per cent for the
best names for all periods. and 4Q4ls per cent
for names not we'll known.
The foreign market was steady at unchanged
quotations Posted sterling was 81 S3lfd$4 ~
and 81 s6i1Q$4 81 for long and short bills re-
spectively Rates for actual business closed as
follows:
~
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08

STATE OF ILLINOIS. TREASu RERs OFFICE.
Springfield. Dec. I, 1907
THE TREASURER of the State Of Illinois
will pay at the American Exchange National Bank
New York City. from JAM lst TO 2lst. ls9S. inclusive,
m atured interest Illinois Registered Municipal Bonds
and the principal Of matured called bonds for which
funds have been provided HENRY L. HERTZ.
State Treasurer
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08

SEALED PROPOSALS WILL BE RECEIVED et III
Comptroller Of City Of New York at his ome~ NO
40 Broadway IN the CITY Of New York until
New-York tribune., 1897-12-08

9th ana Chestnut Streets. Phiiadeiphi'
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08
BEAUTY Is BLOOD DEEP.

ufe, Healthy BlooA 1esns Beeutiful
ConDlexiOn.s-lA lAtestinal Microbes
PsisonSthe Bleed Vhen che Bowels
Are CenstiDated. Drive TAen Out
~ Maklng tAa Liver Liyely. t
Beauty 8 skin Deep" That is wrong.
Beauty 10 blood deep.
/. "a pelspn constipated, With lazy liver.
bilious blood, dyspeptic stomach, has pim-
P!es, and hyeE spots and 2 sole leather COM
plexion.
No one with furrrred tongue. ! bad
breath, q jaundiced eye, can BE beautiful, no
natter how perfect are form and features.
TO pc beautiful to become beautiful, or
Eemain beautiful, the blood must be kept
pure and free from bile. microbes, disease
germs and other impurities.
. Cascarets Candy Cathartic will do II for
you quickly, surely, naturally. They never
grip nor grippe, but make the liver lively.
pEfvent sour stomach, kill disease-eerms.
tone up the bowels. purify the blood, and
make n. all things right, as they should be.
Then beauty comes Of itself and to stay.
. Buy and try Cascarets to-day. It's what
they do, not what we say they do. that viii
please you. All druggists, lOc, 25c or Soc. or
mailed for price. Send for booklet and free
sample. Address Sterling Remedy Co.
Chicago, Montreal Can, or New York.
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08
IMPROVED ROAD MAKING.
An Interesting Interview with the
Secretary of AGricnltuFe.

An Interesting Interview with the
Secretary of Agriculture.
The Importance of good roads is rec
ognized by all. and SO is the expense
accessory to produce them considered
of equal significance. Upon the sub
ject William E. Curtis, in the Chicago
Record, says: Secretary Wilson has
given directions to Gen. Roy Stone,
chief of the bureau of good roads at
the department of agriculture. to con-
s.l-act sample steel roadway at the
most convenient location he can find
at the Nashville exposition, where it
may be seen and studied by the visit
ors who will attend during the sum
mer. Secretary Wilson thinks the
steel trackway for wagons is the east
est solution of the good-roads prob
lem. particularly in the west, where
stone and gravel are scarce and the
soil is deep and sticky.
No road material promises so much
hope to the western farmers as the fat
bars of steel at the present cost OF
manufacture" said the secretary,
land l propose to have sample roads
built, not only at the Nashville ex-
position, but at different points
throughout the country. where they
will afford practical object lessons to
county commissioners and other of
sicials having the highways under
their charge. The steel manufacturers
are taking hold of the matter with
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08
COOPERATION PAYS.
A WiscOnsin DaiFyman POints Ou1
Some OF Its Advantages.

Some of Its Advantages.
The success of the cooperative.sys-
TEN is brought about in the main by
its predominating simplicity. No busi-
ness enterprise can meet with success
without a complete understanding of
its details by the promoters. In the co.
operative system in vogue to-day the
monthly statement issued shows to
each and every patron the part he has
enacted to accomplish the given whole.
He sees just what he has done, and what
it has benefited him in dollars and
cents. He sees just what his employees
have accomplished, and sees just what
they receive for the same. He knows
the value of. his milk product for the
month in point of test. He knows the
test is true, unbiased, ard he questions
1t not. His weights are actual. He
has full confidence and pride in the en-
terprise and realizes that he himself is
a part of the corporate body, with
rights tsunquestioned. On the other hand,
in the case of the enoncooperative cream
cry, the patron is in no way consulted
as to the management of its affairs
He has no voice in the selection of it's
officers. If he questions the accuracy
of his weights or tests or insinuates
that the price for his product is less
than he reasonably supposes it should
be, he is trespassing upon dangerous
grounds. He has no right to an in
sight of the working OF Its affairs. He
is simply expected to bea patron. whose
duty is merely to furnish the material
from which others are to make profits.
The marked success Of the CO.
operative creamery is noticeable in al
most every locality in which It has been
established. 1t almost invariably In
creases the area Of its territory and sup
plants all other systems. its honest,
open, simple methods winning the ad-
miration Of all observers. In my coun-
ty, where five years ago the cooperative.
system was unknown, there areHto-day-
in successful operation 16 creameries.
averaging in receipts 5000 to 10000
pounds Of milk per day, and in the sum-
mer months some of them reaching
over 10000. Almost every one Of these
factories supplanted other systems. and
it is noticeable fact that in nearly
every instance the same territory under
the cooperative system has largely in
creased, and in many cases doubled its
product, owing to the popularity of the,
system and the unshaken confidence Of
the producers. I predict for the sys-
tenn q successful future. II. S. Bell, N
Orange Judd Farmer. as.s s.ssss
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08
{ Home-seekers Look..

The Grand Prairie of Arkansas Lying on
both sides of the Little Rock. 4 Memphis r.
r, and extending along its tracks for miles
offers special inducements to home-seek-
ers. The best pasturage, the richest cereal
lands and finest farming country IN the New
South. This Vast Tract of Land now
thrown open to settlers. Come and buy
while you have the chance to make your
own selection. For any information, cali
on, or address, Rudolph Fink, General Man
ager Little Rock, Ark, w. H.. Morrison,
Gen. Frt. & Tkt. Aet., Little Rock, Ark,
Little Rock & Memphis Railroad.
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08
The shee On he Other = roo

The shoe On the Other Foot.
!. Miss Strongmynd-Have one Of my new, new
brand Of cigarettes-I assure you they are
Miss Bloomer-Thanks, dear, but I've
stopped smoking, Z,
You astonish me. I never dreamed that
you would become backslider."
Don't think @ hardly Of me. dear: I've
only stopped till I'm married. You see.
the trouble is, Cholly complains that the
odor is diagreeable to hin" ellow Kid
Magazine. -757s. ) -.
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08
Over q Ton q Day.

IS Last year 425 tons Of steel were used by
the inchester. Repeating Arms Co., New
Haven, CT, in the manufacture Of rifles and
shot guns. Phis enormous amount repre-
sents consumption of over a ton day.
are not familiar With the great dernand for
Winchester gums, but it will not anyone
who has used WinchesteF, fol. they I'D
preciate the excellence and popularity of
this make of gun. w Wincliester gums and
Winchester ammunition are uneanalied for
their many points.of superiority. Unifofm-
ity and reliability are watchwords with the
Winchesters and the results their sans and
ammunition give show the great care taken
in manufacturing them. Send for i large
illustrated catalogue free - I
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08

much interest, and are making expert
have already brought out valuable
suggestions as to the details of con-
struction. The Cambria Iron company
of Johnstown, Pa, has joined heartily
in the work of the department, and is
cooperating in the development of
our plans. The result has been that
very promising designs and methods
of construction have been evolved,
sufficient, at least. for experimental
construction. and the Cambria com
Pany will soon be prepared to furnish
the trackway for experiments or for
larger use.
The advantage Of the steel roads
in the reduction OF the pull required
to move load from an average of
40 pounds per ton on macadam road
to eight pounds on the steel track is
sufficient to overcome many objec-
TONS, continued the secretary; but,
in fact, the objections to steel roads
have mainly disappeared under the
present Investigations. The obstacle
of original expense is overcome by
the reduced price Of material, and the
anticipated high cost of maintenance
avoided by doing away entirely with
wood in the construction.
The danger Of horses slipping on the
rail in going up and down hill is met
by indenting the rails used on grades
sufficiently to catch the calks Of the
shoes without roughing the tread for
wheels.
THE difficulty Of low joints is met
BY making the joint stronger than any
other part 1T the track, and the dan
ger OF forming rut aIongside the
rail Il overcome By making every rail
Joint serve AZ .remount' for wheels.
The form Of rail proposed is an in
verted trough with slightly-raised
bead on the inside. The rail is inn
bedded in gravel laid in q trench
which is well drained. A little gravel
ts spread between the rails for the
horse path. The rails are tied to-
eether at the ends and in the middle.
Ths present design Il for an eight
inch tread, seven-sixteenths Of an
inch thick.
In addition to the steel road, an
other recent departure = IN the di-
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08
HOT WATER SPRINGS IN IDAHO.
Flowing from 4 Mountain Side Two
Miles from Boise City.

Miles from boise City.
Nature now supplies the Inhabitants
Of Boise City, Idaho, with hot water,
and thereby helps them materially to
be clean and healthy. The hot water
comes to the surface Of the plain at the
base of the mountains two miles above
the city and rises through sandstone
and porous eruptive formation. Seven
years ago capitalists sunk three six
inch tubes 455 feet, obtaining steady
aow. under strong subterranean pres
sure of about 1900 900 gallons daily.
The wells are connected with mains,
by which the hot water is led to the
city and to which service pipes are con-
nected leading the water into the build
ing, where it is made to pass through
the coils similar to- steam heaters.
Thesnatural pressure in this city is
40 pounds per square inch, !, and the heat
is registered by waste cocks, increase
of flow indicating increasing heat.
Rates are charged on the basis of the
size ofswaste, and are little higher than
coal Two large schools, three banks,
nearly all buildings, an immense nata-
torium and many dwellings use it ex-.
clusively for heating. No pumping is
necessary. The water leaves the wells
at 10 degrees and loses only i've de-
grees travelling two miles, as the mains
are substantially nonconductors Of
heat. Eighteen large schoolrooms are
heated with waste pipe Of three
fourths Of an inch in diameter.
q q E- {
q promising well is now being driven
one mile from the city, in the same for.
nation, to supply the military post and
add to the city supply. and shows an
Increase Of temperature and flow, as
depth is obtained. The waters are
highly mineralized. but are unfit for
table purposes. though excellent for
skin diseases and bathing. 7. jour
nal. 55.
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08

agricultural colleges and experiment
stations, continued the secretary
'.in accordance with the provision
made BY congress for aiding those In
stiturions IN disseminating informa-
ton on the subject OF road building.
Cooperation has now been established
by the director of roads under which
the manufacturers Of road machinery
furnish the necessary plant free Of
charge, the county OF city authorities
provide the material, and the laboe
OF men and teams, and the governments
furnishes an engineer to oversee ths
work and instruct students and Wis
itors. and pays for one or two skille,
operators for the machines. In this
manner very slight outlay Of public
funds accomplishes a large amount Of
instructive work. The work will be-.
gin at the New Jersey agricultural col
lege, at New Brunswick, where fund
of about $4,000 will be provided by the
local authorities, and at Geneva, ". Y.
where contributions have been made
by the city, the experiment station and
private individuals amounting to about
$1,000. . .,5
I'm sections where stone Is very
scarce said Secretary Wilson. ::.'as in
central Illinois, experiments are be-
ing made for the construction of brick
roads. At Monmouth road has been
made of single course of vitrifed
brick set on edge, laid on sand, seven
feet wide between curbs of oak plank
and borders of broken stone to dis
tance of two feet on each side. This
road has not been in use long enough
to be fully tested, but has given very
favorable impression at the outset. It
has been recommended that an expert
ment be made with brick trackways
for wheels and gravel between for the
tread of horses, and it is quite pos
sible that steel trackways may be prof.
itably substituted for brick.
si5 Gravel roads cost less than macadam
and vary from $1,000 to $4,000 per
mile. The seven-foot brick road at
Monmouth, ILL.,, cost 80 cents per run
ming foot, or 81, $50 per mile. The eight
foot brick roads at Cleveland range
from $4,000 to $13 900 per mile, but this
included heavy grading. Material for
steel roads of the heaviest class of pres
ent design cost, in small quantity, about
$500 per mile. The amount of ma
terial, however, is less than 100 tons per
mile, and it the present prices Of steel
should be maintained material for long
lines Of road could be furnished for
about 1000 per mile. The lighter class
Of steel rails for ordinary country roads
need not exceed so tons per mile, and
need not cost much over 81 900 per mile.
The cost of grading and track-laying
will be additional, but that need not be
heavy on the western prairies, for the
rails are all prepared to be bolted to-
gether." 49, 5szE Z1-=
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08

One Of the many private secretaries at ta,s
national capital Is still new to his honors.
One day q newspaper woman, full Of busi-
ness, burst into the Office Of this secretarya
chic. The great man was out. Can you
tell me when he will be in 81 she asked
Really, !" drasvled the clerk, 'I haven't IN
as she turned to 60, Il must say you look
Washington Post.
Doesn't i make you sad when you think
OF the poor Why, no, not particularly.
4 makes me mad, though, when I think Of
the rich. ch."-Indianapolis Journal.
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08
lGi.takes and / {, hliMsta1kes. / M

It was the eve of their bridal day.s
Perhaps, aftss a11 E he faltered, gazing
tenderly vet seri6nsly down into her lus-
trous eyes, we sh4n make mistake in,
marrying" 80 e 'sss-1s 49, *
'How you frighten me, Edwin, :: : ahe. es .e1-
claimed, with shiyer- Come let ~ re-
hearse again, and make assurance doubly
sure. Detroit journal. :,
Warren sheaf., 1897-07-08
Stories.

She did not proclaim her story to the
world. She was proud.
Fourth" she. said to the elevator boy,
in loud voice.
That is to say, she proclaimed the third
story below hers and then got out and
walked the rest Of the way up.-Detroit
Journal.