davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10
BATTLE OF GERMS.
How the Infusorian Attacks and
Devours It's Prey.
Its Singular Method of Multiplying Itsolz
Tho Wonders of . Drop of Water
~ Revealed by = Powerful
Microscope.

To the ordinary mortal, a drop Of
water is what the primrose was to
Peter Bell, drop of water and moth
ing more; but to the student of nature,
armed with high-power microscope,
it Immediately becomes a world teem-
ing with living creatures, the most
minute representatives of animal life.
These thoughts were suggested by
reading Prof. Grace's description of q
battle he once witnessed while exam
lining a collection of rotifers, which
were amassed in single drop Of fresh
water Among others, Mr.. Grace no.
ticed a fine specimen of infusorian,
which was swimming back and forth
among the rotifers, as if intent on mis-
chief. On the following day it was
noticed that the rotifer colony had
lost several Of its members, and that
the infusorian's form had rounded out
until he resembled q miniature st.
Louis bartender. Mr.. Grace now re-
solved to watch the infusorian's move
ments and ascertain, if possible,
the modus operandi whereby the
capture of such expert swimmers as
the rotifers are known to be WAS eff
fected. A few minutes wait suficed.
Soon it was noticed that the infusorian
was slowly and continuously working
his way around the foot of rotifer,
which was resting on the glass slide.
Around and around he went as slyly
as mouse in an oats bin, and when
he had finished it wss noticed that the
rotifer's foot was firmly cemented to
the glass The infusorian, seeming to-
know that his victim was secure, be-
gan to goad the tethered creature and
torment it in all the ways that devilish
ingenuity could suggest He would
jump upon its back and bite it in sew
eral places with lightning-like rapid
ty and then spring off and seize leg
and pull it almost from its socket. Mr..
Grace says that he watched this une-
quail combat for nearly half an hour,
when it was noticed that the rotifer
was dying from exhaustion. Noting
the death of his victim the infusorian
proceeded to devour his prey as
he doubtless had done the others
that were missing. Mr.. Grace next
examined a small body of water, con-
slStlng OF 1Our OrOps, In Wnlcn tnere
were several infusorians and rotifers.
The former proved the enemies of the
latter, just as in the single drop pre-
viously examined. It was also noticed
that the infusoria, having devoured
victim, would almost Immediately di-
vide into two or four new animals, each
Of which would quickly swim away
in search of prey, just as its parent
had done before.-St Louis Republic.
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10
WHEN WAMPUM WAS MONEY.
The Popular Token of Value in New York
ADn

The Popular Token of Value in New York
Two Centuries Ago.
When Stephen Van Cortlandt was in
the money-changing business-16SO to'
| 169O-the kind Of money in most COM
mon use in the vicinity of Manhattan
island was seewan, or wampum. AL
most all the store trade was done with
seewan, either loose or braided, and all
church collections were taken up in see
wan.
Van Cortlandt was frequently called
en- to change seewan into silver money,
which was at that time the standard.
Payments of interest and principal of
loaned money were made in Dutch
pieces-of-eight, realities and loan dol
lars, the value of all of which was re-
duced to guilders seewan.
A piece-of-eight was worth IL guild
crs in seewan, realtje was worth 1
guilder and 90 stivers in seewan, loan
dollar was worth II guilders in seewan,
and an English pound was worth 4G
guilders in seewan. The American dol
lar in it's present relation to the English
pound would have been worth guild
ers in seewan. A Dutch guilder has
100 cents or 20 stivers, and is equal to
40 cents in American money. A silver
is equal to cents American money.
cents American money.
Contributions to the poor relief fund
were usually made in seewan, and pro-
visions and clothing for distribution
alnong the poor were paid for in seewan
The early Dutch settlers took generous
care of the needy poor. For instance,
in 1858, the deacons of the old Dutch
church of Bergen paid DR.. Robinson,
Ct New York, 240 guilders in seewan
for curing a destitute man of insanity.
At another time the deacons of the same
church paid Surgeon c. Viele, of New
York. 13O guilders seewan for surgical
attendance on poor member of the
congregation. In those days it cost 90
gGilders in seewan "to send poor Jo-
hannis Kruger back to Amsterdam"
In 1873 the price of one schepel Of wheat
was 6 guilders seewan; of 1 schepel of
Indian corn, guilders seewan; schep-
e! of rye, guilders seewan; 1 ell of
cloth, S guilders seewan; two blan-
kets, 5S guilders seewan, and schepels
of salt, 6 guilders seewan.
Whenever the collections in the church
exceeded the current expenditures, the
surplus seewan was usually invested in
COWS. Such cows were given into the
care of responsible members of the con-
gregation on a yearly ''butter rent" of
12 pounds-that is, those persons ac-
cepting a cow from the deaconry had
to pay an annual rent of IL pounds Of
butter Or it's value in seewan. The price
of butter amounted, in the winter of
1879, to % stivers per pound, so that the
deacons then received 13 guilders and
stivers for one COW. After 1715 the
deacons quit the "butter-rent" business
and confined themselves solely to
money-lending as means of increasing
the revenues. Sums ranging from 10
Cuilders to 1000 guiiders were put out
at interest at the rate of per cent per
annum, though in a few cases borrow
crs were exempt from paving interest
It cost from to 5 guilders in see
wan to get married in this vicinity two
centuries ago, and a funeral was accom-
panied with pail rent of guiIders
seewan for an adult and guilders for
a child.-N. Y. Times.
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10
LEADER OF THE HUNT,
How the Omaha Indians Chose Their
Chief Huntsman.

How the Omaha Indians Chose Their
Chief Huntsman.
The Office of leader of the hunt was
held in great honor because ofits grave
responsibilities, which demanded man
of high character and recognized abil-
ity. He must be of undoubted valor,
a good hunter, a man reverent and
just. The entire tribe was placed un-
der his control, the principal chiefs
acting as counselors, but complying
with his instructions. He directed the
march Of the people, and selected their
camping places; he chose and dis
patched the runners in search of the
buffalo, and organized and directed
the hunt when the game had been
found. If the tribe encountered en-
rlors, taking his place at the post of
greatest danger, and he was held re-
sponsible for everything that occurred,
from the successful pursuit of the buf-
falo, and the health and welfare of the
people, down to the quarreling of chill
dren and dogs.
He who desired to fill the Office of
leader was required to procure buff
falo-hide from which the hair had been
removed, a crow, q golden and a bald
headed eagle, shell disk, quantity
of sinew for thread, red-stone pipe
with its fat stem ornamented with
porcupine.q quill embroidery, and ket-
tie. These he presented to the Hun
ga-gens, through the keepers of the
two sacred tents, after he had been ap-
pointed to the Office by the chiefs If
there was no candidate for the posi-
ton, the chiefs appointed a man from
a sub-gens of the In-kae-tha- bae gems
Alice c. Fletcher. in Century.
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10
IN MEMORY OF PRINCE ALBERT.

Beautiful Service Held Every Year on the
Anniversary of His Death.
Every year on the 14th of December
Queen Victoria holds a solemn service
to commemorate the deaths OF the
prince consort and of Princess Alice
of Hesse. Gu this occasion the beautl-
full memorial chapel is open to the
court and to certain of the queens
tenants and tradespeople, but under no
pretext are the public admitted to
either the plantation at Frogmore,
which surrounds the mausoleum, or to
the building itself. The service held
this year followed the usual form laid
down many years ago by the queen,
and the music, most exquisitely rem
dered by the choir OF St. Georges
chapel, had also been chosen by her
majesty.
As each year goes by greater inter-
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10
An Ancient Bank Note.

The Bank Of England has in its pos
session a bank note dated December
10, 1899, for f555. 1t was printed from
an engraved plate, but had blank spaces
for the amount, date, number, and sig
nature. Across it are written memo
randa, showing that it was repaid in
three installments. In appearance it is
not altogether unlike the modern note
In the bank library is another note for
EOS. which was not presented for III
years. Another curiosity. said to be
unique, is a note for no less than
81, ,00O, 900, dated 1882.
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10
NEEDS NO PROTECTION.
England's Royal Family Moves Abos
Without the Necessity of Guards.

EnEland's Royal Family Moves About
Without the Necessity of Guards
The news that little Prince Edward
of York numbered a detective and
constable among his suite of attend
ants savored of the ridiculous to those
who know with what absolute freedom
and safety the children and grand
children of the queen move about their
own country, says writer in St.
Paul's. The queen herself drives from
end to end of her various estates with
no more protection than can be
afforded by middle-aged Scotch
gillie. The prince of Wales, his broth
ers, and his son perambulate club
land and the West End in exactly the
same manner as do the most ordinary
of Englishmen. Indeed, the prince of
Wales is scarcely ever attended by az
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10
ANIMAL VISION.

Evidences That Discrimination In Colors
II Lacking.
There il little positive evidence that
the larger quadrupeds, oxen, deer, the
felidae, or dogs, have much sense Of
color; and their power of vision in its
wider sense varies SO greatly in differ
ent species AZ to suggest that the men
tai factor in sight is often so little ex-
erted for the main purpose OF discern
ing objects as to leave its more special
lied use for distinguishing color very
imperfectly developed. Domestic ami
mails which see bright colors other
than green in large masses more fre-
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10
VI EkECAN

Ioap "r p mining claim in Warm Springs Greek,
III Td boulder. mining district, Blaine county,
das diuano, no III order to hold said premises un-
&C. Stl Inc provisions of section 1924, Revised
",~lutes n,,ss OF the United States, being the
a,tpullt ,iiI . required to hold the same during
ana for said calendar wear 1885 and ii
within ninety days after the expiration of
oe ,'l,1 publication Of this notice, which will be
Ff%piisilea fnnn tor ninety days, you fail or re
Tin,'. " contribute your respective proper
s',hls siunS % ol such expenditure as co-Owners,
saiS iEGialhg to your respective interests in
Sirtailm <Iru cialm viz: b. w. WatIington, one
ttArefflth, t,.A,',f s6.Z5; A. II. RahIn, one-six-
eiShth so:23 and Nelson F. kimball, one
VII iiii''l' %lZ1O, your interests in said claim
viii be forfeited to and become the prop
Sss t,,s g 9t the undersigned, under and by vir-
"oe ol Said section 1924.
l.. EDWARD BRISBIN.
iFSt publication, Feb. 10, 1896.
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10
Clubs Made of Gutta perch4.

French footpads have adopted new
weapon with which to assault travellers
at night. 1t is hollow gutta percha
cudgel. and has the advantage over the
old-time sandbag and loaded stick Of
inhicting fully as stunning blow with.
out producing any visible wound. 1t is
with difficulty that the belated wan
derer who has been robbed in some by
street of Paris can persuade the authori-
ties that his tale is true one, being
able to show no evidence of having been
struck, An entire gang was captured
in Paris short time ago who were
using these weapons.
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10

Queen Victoria's coronation ring Is
never out of her sight, and is worn,by
her every evening. 1t is a band of gold,
containing cross in rubies surrounded
by white brilliants. A coronation ring
is supposed to symbolic the wedding
of the sovereign with the nation.-Al-
bany journal.
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10

Near Floyd Springs, Ga, lives on old
negro woman. Her husband was a
slave who followed the fortunes of his
master in the late war. One night dur
ing the war, while the owls were hoot-
ing in an unusual way, the tidings
came that her husband had been
killed. Since that time, so long ago.
the woman becomes violently insane
whenever she hears an owl in the
darkness. The ft, however, is momep-
tarY. -------
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10

10 b. W. Watlington, A. H. Rahm and
Nelson F. kimball, your heirs, devisees
-: ou are hereby notified that the under
;SsnGd has expended $l0O, in the year 1895,
!" IaDOr and Improvements npon the
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10
" ELLINGTON

ahont ntti,niillng claim, situated on Bear gulch
In Wnd 'liTee miles northeasterly of Galena,
.conntS' Uo4 RlVer mining district, Blaine
Pev;s3dI iEuaho, as required by section 1924
inp tI'o statutes of the United States, be-
foss ,le ,L amount required to hold the same
thar ny year ending December 81, 1896;
beimo,' 'our proportion of the same is $50,
From - one -half; and if within ninety days
hina+r, ,Ie " service of this notice, or within
Won =; nays after this notice by publication
nort, Ian or refuse to contribute your pro-
snclnSin ol such expenditure as co-owner,
your youEinhg III legal costs of this publication,
pronartCCe CefeSt IN said claim will become the
proppIa;y OF the undersigned, under the
tSiehs OF said section 2324.
. Ketcb,, JOHN CAREY.
rHan, r, Naho, January IA, 1895.
'ss' publication, AN Is, 1896.
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-04-10
NOiice Of Forfeiture.

%kS. Di MARION BYBEE, her heirs or as
nan4u n4u are hereby notified that | have ex-
for. f.oeu N The sum Of one hundred 1907 dol
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-07
Has Greece an Understanding With
Russia?

With the possibility of a general war In
Europe. tho plans and purposes of Russia
are of absorbing interest Greece would
not have gone SO far rs she has without "a
purpose OF going still further, nor would
she have taken a position from which
retreat would be difficult, il not impossi-
BILE without an understanding with
Russia or such knowledge of tho situation
as would assure her immunity from the
Intervention of others in the quarrel.
Blind as the Grecian movement looks, il
has not been blindly made While all the
powers, apparently in concert, are tie
manding peace, those who are behind tho
scenes know that there is no real
concert, that the war for which all the
great Powers have so long been preparing
Is close at hand, and that the gathering
storm may break almost Immediately.
Peter the Great more than any ruler
OF his day-indecd more than any ruler OF
any day-realized that the world was
changing over TO a time when the dc.
yelopments of peace would throw out the
combinations of war. He was "a mechanic
as well as king because he saw that the
day of work. of production, was 20 super
sode the day of robbery ana destruction.
The bottom idea OF all the views he en-
tertained, of all he left Co guide Russia,
was the dovelopment of Russia into
great commercial and industrial nation.
That idea has governed all the workings
Of the Council OF State.
The tradition which makes CONSTANT
nople the future capital of Russia grew
out of the idea of making that city the
great commercial city of the world 70
recover IL from tho Moslem has been the
sentimental part. To make IL the great
mart OF the world has been the real objcc-
tive point To the Russian government
since the timo of Peter the Great, though
this has been kept i'm the background
But plans We're laid out, with this i'm
view, at the close of the Napoleon wars,
and have been steadily adhered 20 from
that day. For "A quarter of a century
past efforts have been concentrated TO so
shaping events that "a situation such as
exists today would grow up. Russia Is
ready I'm all ways Co carry out her plans
and II the present situation precipltated
by Greece results in u general war; as it
must IL war begins between Greece and
Turkey, it will bo found that Russia alone
is working TO a general plan and has
forces and means 90 carry IL out. From
"RusSia's Plans AMI Purposes, " by W.
i. Mason McCarty in North American
Review for May.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-07

Gold continues 10 increase. This is true
both as to the products Of the mines and
the receipt in this country from other
parts of the world. Advices from the gold
mining regions of the United States show
an enormous increase the return at the
Denver branch mint alone showing IA
gain of nearly 100 per cent for the first
quarter of the year over the return for
the same months OF last year. Add 10
this the fact that gold has been flowing
into this country during the part of the
year. in which we are accustomed 10 send
gold out and il shows that the stock of
the gold in the United States is now
phenomenally large and seems likely to
continue to increase indefinitely.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-07
Grants Opinion OF Butler.

General Horace Porter i'm his Cam
paigning With Grant" In the May Cen
tury, says: As commander General
Butler had not been General Grants
choice The general in. chief, when he as
sumed command of the armies, found
Butler in charge of the Department OF
Virginia and North Carolina, and utilized
him to the best advantage possible. He
had always found him subordinate,
prompt TO obey oruers, possessed OF great
mental activity, and clear i'm his concep-
tion of the Instructions given him. lie
was u good administrative officer, though
often given To severe and unusual
methods in enforcing discipline and in
dealing with the dissatisfied element Of
the population living within his depart
ment; yet he did not possess the elements
necessary To make an efficient officer in
the field. As he was inexperienced in
fighting battles, Grant felt reluctant To
give him charge of any important mills
tary movement One embarrassment wa,
that he WAS the senior officer in rank in
Virginia, and II General Grant should bt
called away temporarily, Butler would he
in supreme command of tho operations
against Petersburg. The general struggled
along under this embarrassment by keep
ing matters under his own direction when
Buffers forces were employed in actual
battle, and by sending an experienced
corps commander 20 handle the troops In
the immediate presence Of the enemy.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-07
DEATH NOTICES.

Bali IEY-In this city, 9Th inst, William Ma
son Bailey, aged 81 years.
Funeral from his late residence Eaton
street. on Saturday, the Sth inst, at IL
o'clock. Relatives and friends are invited to
attend. Burial private. Please omit flowers.
Take Centredale cars TO Elmhurst avenue,
leaving Board Of Trade building at III 10.
BowEN-In this city. 9th inst, William flo
ratio Bowen aged 13 years.
Funeral fr.m his late residence 20 College
street, saturday, the Sth inst, at o'clock.
Burial private. Kindly omit flowers.
EDpY-In Johnston the 5th inst, Elizabeth,
wife OF. james NJ Eddy, aged 50 years.
Funeral services Sunday, 9th inst, Mt /
p. M, from Church of Messiah. Relativ es
and friends are invited to attend.
GOODRICH-In thi, city, Mt r. l. Hospital,
Wallace A. Goodrich, aged ~ years.
HANLEY-In this citv, 9th inst, Michael Jo.
seph. son of Bridget and the late Richard
Hanley, aged 81 years and months.
Funeral from the residence of his mother,
2s Covell street, Saturday, ,sth inst, at $3.50
r. m. Relatives and friends are invited TO
attend.
LoRTMER-In this city, Thursday, 9th inst,
eamuel W. Lorimer, aged ca years.
Funeral from his late residence, 2l Portland
street. on SATURDAY., sth inst. at = y. m. Rela.
tives and friends are invited to attend.
MANCHESrER-In Tiverton Four Corners,
5th inst, Elizabeth wife of Andrew II.
Manchester, aged 16 years.
MILLER-In this city, 9th inst, Annie f.,
daughter Of Bridget and the late Henry
Miller.
Funeral from the residence of her sister,
Mrs Bridget Mahoney, ~ Yorkshire street,
Corliss Heights, on Saturday, sth inst. nj
$50 a. m. Relatives and friends are invited
20 attend
PHILI.IPS-In Usquepaugh, 9th inst. Ruth
r., wife Of Elisha Phillips, aged * years.
Funeral at Usquepaugh church, Saturday,
sth inst, Mt II o'clock
wFBB-In this city, on the 9th inst, William
Writ Webb, son Of the late jeremiah and
Julia Webb
Funeral from hts late rcsidco. 20 Seckellen
street, sunday. 9th inst, at 2 o'clock D. M.
Relatives aud friends are invited To attend.
turial private
WHITAKER-In East Providence, 9th inst,
Hannah g., wife of George A. WHITAKER
ancd 81 years.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-05-07
summer.

The new John Crerar Library in
Chicago opened recently in temporary
quarters on the sixth floor of the Marshall
Field building is to be devoted to books
Of the natural, the physical and the
social sciences with their applications and
so To be conduccd without conflict with
Chicago's great public library and the
Newbcrry Library, the three free institu-
tions supplcmenting one another accord
ing to plans already arranged. The total
s., 800, 900, and the income should be
sufficient ultimately to allow the max.
ing Of good collection within the pro.
posed limits. The directors have de-
cided not to encroach upon the endowment
for any purpose. For the eventual pur-
chase OF land and the erection OF per
manent building, they began az once 60
set aside from the income fund, which
already exceeds slO0, 600 in amount. While
that is accumuIating and the present
temporary accommodations remain ade-
quate, period OF probably five or ten
years, the library will continue to occupy
its temporary quarters. This decision
limits the income Immediately available
for books and periodicals, but IL insures
an undiminished capital fund ito pro.
vide, maintain, and support library for
all time" Mcanwhlle7t renders doubly
welcome the assistance of those who are
interested in the Development Of library
facilities for Chicago and the Central
states The library now has over 10
volumes ready for use, and noarty 7UO
more In process Of preparation. The
task OF selecting purchasing. and cata.
loguing will be continued as rapidly and
carefully as possible. by the end Of isec
II is expected that there viii b 5000
volumes on the shelves