The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-29
written for; the citizen.)

an outcome of this Herr w. Schmidt,
of Aschersleben, has devised a new
form of superheater, with motor
lagely based on the gas engine princi-
pie. Tests of this new type of motor
have convinced Professor Ripper, of
the Sheffield Technical School, that n
new chapter in steam engine economy
Is begun. The usual working temper.
AZURE is about 700o Fahrenheit, while
that of ordinary engines Is from 300o to
35O0. la its simple non-condensing
form, the engine has run on con-
sumption of l7.lS pounds of steam per
horsepower hour, which has hitherto
been possible with engines of the COM
pound condensing kind. The pressure
of steam used was 30 pounds, and the
number of expansions about five. One
of the new engines at Munich, in a
compound condensing form, has given
result of 1917 pounds Of steam. which
Is 20 per cent. lower than the best rec
ord of any ether practical engine. The
great economy, it is explained, is due
solely TO the prevention of copdensa-
ton in the cylinders.
-
The discoveler of terrestrial helion,
professor Ramsay, was unable To detec
tnls gas In the atmosphere of the Brit
isH Isles. But Professor II. Kay USER, of
Bonn, has reported that small quanti-
tieS OF II, associated with argon, have
Deen found Issuing as stream into
"a
Wlldhad IN tie Black Forest, and that
tne sptclroscope gives distinct traces
oil Mellon IN the air of Bonn. 1t is sug-
gested that the absence of this element
In one place and its presence in an
other may explain the influence of
"a change of air."
Lead is welded, in the process of NJ.
BlOndel, by placing thin layer of lead
analgam between the carefully cleaned
surfaces, aud the vaporizing the mer-
curry by passing soldering lfou along
the line of Junction.
Among the suggested sources of heat
less light is the Geissler tube. in which
raretied air or other gas is rendered In-
nlin0us hy the passage of an electric
current. An investigation of tins lu-
nllhescence has been made by Herr A.
WIZ. An Induction coil and a Holtz
machine were each used for supplyinp
current, and experiments were made
with several tubes, including one
intended as a miners lamp ana
Que designed for Use by phv-
siclans in Illuminating cavities of the
BODY. With the induction current of
small Ruhmkorff coil, the miners
lamp yielded sufficient light to enable
one 70 reaf. The energy required was
excessive for SO feeble light, being
ABOUT half that necessary for an ordi-
nary inCaudescent lamp with carbon
nIament. With the HoItz macniue,
the expenditure of energy was about
twice that for au incandesceut lamp
giving much more light. But the
neat produced correspondent only 10
the NTH part of the energy expend-
ed, which Is much less than in any
other source of light. 1t Is concluded
that at present luminiscence at low
temperatures gives very mediocre re-
suits, but at least enables us to reduce
the useless rotations of heat. By les
sening the losses of electricity, by con
centraiing the light in limited space,
by utilizing the fiuoroscence of certain
substances and 10y inventing certain
special arrangements we may hope 10
obtain light better than the uest now
known.
The first instance of ,he t. clinical
use of microbes is believed to be found
in the manufacture OF ang-khak, a col
oring matter imported from China into
Java for giving fine purple color TO
foods and beverages. This substance,
according to Herr HI. c. Poinsen, is the
product of u special fungus which is
propagated in the province of QUAINT
tung. Plates of hoiled rice, sprinkled
with ang-khak of a former preparation,
are kept for six days in dark, cold
place, when they are found to have as
sumed a red color, which afterward
darkens. The original source of the
fungus is unknown. 1t vegetables upon
any carbohydrate in presence of oxy-
gen, and IS chiefly interfered with by
other fungi aud bacteria, which are
kept away by trace of arsenic. The
cOloring matter dissOlves in alcohol,
and behaves like most of the aniline
colors.
Spiders of the Java forests weave
webs so strong that a knife is required
to cut through them.
The Edison kiuetoscope shows its
wonderful moving pictures in minia-
ture form, and 10 but one person al
time. Bright objects must be selected,
as the t1lm bearing the photographs
moves continuously and is Illuminated
only about 7,000th of second at each
picture, and at least thirty impre si0lIs
per second are necessary to give COZ
tinuity. TIE kinematograph, an in
vention of Messrs. A. and l.. Lumiere,
is claimed to avoid these disadvau-
tages. The principal features of this
instrument are a mechanism whereby
the film is at rest during illumination,
and an arrangement for projecting the
images upon a screen, 80 as TO be Wis
lille to large number of spectators.
The film is at rest and Illuminated dur
ing twO-thirds Of the time of passage of
Sc. Oh image, aud only fifteen images
;elY' ,vsecond are necessary. The same
!, Nv ,iatus may be used for taking the
= graphs and for printing trans
bencies from the negatives. the evo.
i.tle gus of cuirassiers, IA burning house,
rir FACTORY, street scenes aud dinner
kiarly were among the objects thrown
mn the screen at a recent exhibition IN
Paris.
The State forrest area Of Prussia is
5000, 600 acres, yielding an annual net
n