The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-07-09
written for the Citizen.J

shearing the ends straight in a special
machine and welding the same. The
welding is done 10y electrically melting
pieces of steel over the opening and
hammering them down. The heads
are cut in circular sheariug machine,
corrugated and dished 10 a 40O-ton by
draulic press, and secured in place by
a ring of metal, which is welded 10
both the end of the barrel and TO the
head. The bung bosses are also weld
ed on. The welding by the Bernados
process requires no skilled labor, and
but moderate power is needed to sup
ply current. The present capacity of
the works is about 40 barrels day.
From the physiological point of view,
DIR. Leon Meunier finds man may he
omnivorOus, vegetarian. or carnlvorous,
according TO climate and the necessi-
ties of the case. An exclusively ami
NAL diet, however, is injurious. Mans
organization would adapt itself more
readily to an exclusively vegetable
diet, but there must be some meat,
also for the most useful work. Exclu-
sive vegetarianism is the regimen of
invalids, very effective in certain dis
eases of morbid conditions. Well per-
sons can get along with it but without
great advantage.
Railway tracks are found to be not
absolutely stationary, but to be moved
slightly, especially on steep descents,
through the influence of traffic over it.
Austrian and French engineers report
that the left-hand rail- seen in the d-
rection of running, moves forward
more than the right-hand one, while
Egyptian engineers differ with them
One explanation is that the cranks on
the right side lead on European loco
motives, and those on the left on the
locomotives of Egypt
!, n ;, ,.u.s., o..,an'. 81. ;. non. 900
r.duced so cheaply that its use for mo-
olive power for such purposes as driv-
ing light carriages is often considered.
A difficulty encountered is the great
aOsOlB PUN vi llCdNy anu ioSS
of efficiency through the refrigeration
of the engine, as the liquid expands
and returns TO its gaseous state. A
French inventor, NJ. Z. Rassinier,
seeks to avoid this difficulty by pass
ing tho. carbonic acid through capil-
larry tubes ia a chamber heated
TO 1902 G. (24So F. } by petroleum or
coal-quettes, the heated gas being
then admitted to the engine cylinder,
where it acts upon the piston, and is
then led into chamber or jacket sur
rounding the liquetied gas. The gas
eous acid giving the necessary heat to
change the liquid acid to the gaseous
form of 800 c., pressure of IS atmos-
pheres Is developed The final exhaust
of the gas takes place from this jacket
or chamber. The capillary heater en-
sures the first expansion of the gas,
while the addition of pressure through
the heating of the reservoir by the ex-
haust gas takes place only when the
engine Is working. A suitable safety
valve is provided for the supply pipe
leading to the capillary tubes.
An investigation of the question of
over-exertion in bicycle races has been
IepOIleQ W tue DSIllu MculCdl COClclJ
by DR.. Albu. Observations on twelve
professional riders gave such evidence
of the strain upon the heart MS difficult
breathing and strong pulsation of the
heart and arteries, the most remarkable
effect being an acute dilatation of the
heart, especially of the left ventricle,
which disappeared with rest and reap
peared at the next race. The dilata-
tion may become permanent if the
over-exertion is frequent, resulting in
irreparable injury to weak heart.
these effects, with kidney disturbance,
are dangers encountered in racing and
excessive bicycling, moderate riding
being found, as others have affirmed,
very beneficial exercise.
A new method of preserving meats,
from which much is expected, consists
in immersion in 80 per cent. solution
of salt through which continuous cur
rent of electricity is being passed. The
curing is completed in from 10 to 20
hours when the meat is taken out and
dried.
Gold leaves so thin that 100000 meas
ure only an inch in thickness are pro-
duced in the Swan process by placing
thin sheets of polished copper in an
electrolylic gold-plating solution only
until a continuous gold finn has
formed, then dissolving away the cop
per iu solution of ferric chloride.
At the brilliant private entertainment
not long ago given by NJ Radiquet,
a French lover of the magic of science,
the guests entered a room furnished
with nothing more mysterious than
cloth-covered apparatus seemingly like
a magic lantern. The room contained
a chandelier of glass and flowers in
glass and porcelain vases. The lights
were extinguished as in an ordinary
spiritual seance, when a cracking
sound was heard, luminous hand
moved slowly up aud down above the
audience, luminous viOlins danced
about, a phosphorescent globe swung
in the air like a pendulum, and lu-
minous bell rang. A mirror suddenly
blazed up, the vases and the chande-
Iier g.owed, and the whole room shOne
with q phosphorescent light. As all
became dark again, phosphorescent
decanter appeared suspended in the
center of the room, a pale blue tray
came below it, a shining glass placed
itself on the tray, spoon and sugar
basin followed, phosphorescent pieces
of sugar moved singly from the basin
and dropped into the glass, the decan-
ter poured water into the glass, and