The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-03
written for the ciurenl


tious. This commission visited at Gre
field textile and dyeiug school Of
worldwide fame. which is not only
magnticeutly equipped for teaching
every detail OF what all nations have
done and are doing in matters pertain
Ing to textiles, but which makes every
effort 70 assist Manufacturers and mer-
chants. \ technical school found AT
Darmstadt, city OF only 5000 inhab-
itauts, is one Of several now having
equally liberal provision for giving the
most advanced electrical instruction.
Such schools have been stimulated by
the success ot the large aHd COS ~
chemical laboratories, where the most
eminent men OF science encourage pu-
pills 10 give live, six and even seven
years IL study, the result being the
easy lead OF German aud Swiss manu-
facturers, especially the former in the
world of colors aud fine chemicals. An
example of what this policy OF scieu.
tific training has done may be seen In
the great color works al Ludwlgsha-
fen, on the Rhine This establishment
i'm 1865 had SO workmeu, while il NOW
employs 5000 men, including over 100
trained chemists, its chemical labOra-
tories themselves being on the scale of
those Of great university. This fac
tory Is but one of several, the annual
production of Germanv's eoal-tsr IN
dustry alone being S50,0O0,G00.
The name "utrogurets' was given
by Grove, in lS4l, To what he supposed
10 be compounds OF metals with nitro
gen, produced by using SIN Grove cells
ON "A concentrated solution of chloride
of ammonium, with anode Of Eiuc. cop
per, cadmium, or other metal, and ca
thode OF platinum. \ German chemist
records recent researches At the new
Davy- Faraday Laboratory that show
these substances 10 be either the pure
metals or a mixture ~ the metals with
their oxide.
\ twenty years record shows St0uta
fourth Of the days at Greenwich o.
Servatory to be sunless, while Ouly Il
per cent. ct the days frolu May to Sep,
Iemter have 10 hours Of sunshine
~ & novel wave motor, pumping wSySE
~ the rise aud Isl, ot aoS.lJS ouey
Shdiug on an upr'Sh, tube, wA> >ou,s
mOOthS ago designed 10y Mr.. t. Morley
Fletcher. Su English eng uSSr. \ large
experimental SppSratuS : BOW beng
practically tested. s ii>wapt'ed vessel
having bJeu ut0osG 3 GS.t u.ile out .c
SEA ~ . Workshop TIE meteor, with
total " eight between II alG - loss, :
O., upgiShg by >Uoav Ssi SSoiS az
steel about - ~. lu diSusJSr. which
Is provided Wlth suitable UoCrtuS
ehalus, Sui from This base the see
hydroMsttr tUCs, SSOug 50 Zee, ia oialu-
eter, rises 20 height of 10 u IS fsv,
shove the normal WSter level The -
ci,lStluS buoy. nlSds troU steel boiler
plates, j. az tyjlGGr.cai tor,u, SOVGt 10
fee IN diSnls(Sr sud 6Ns lex, deep
The piston i fitted 70 the tube : len
fssg under water. the tUoS serving - $
practically stationary pl>,ou-C,sl, A1O
the pump cylinder hN> maximum
Siuake eQuivalsut % 10 teSJ. This ~
pAratuS delivers wStsr-tor driving
turbines Or other pUrlsN>eS-with =
pressure equivalent 10 tuSs o. Isl. ~
fully Sl0 tsvt Among ,aS tuSuV u>SS
for which Ii i believed tbiS mCgor " III
prove valuable Is thai o( SutonlStic {. Z
horns, sept in Constant Aesiou by air
eOmpreSS5i by the pump, sud that oy
hSht-baoyS, or oSSeoU>, liE0tsd vls>-
tricS,iy trom SulSl power SJS,jou On
the buoy itS$lC Il l. estimated JhSt,
with wave oscillation ot only one
foot 81 tunes minute, eSch If The =
ton buoyS - numerous on British
COSTS should yield s. horse power for
diving machiuery
Astronomers Sre divided in opinion
rs 10 the possibility Of photographers
detail ou the discs OF planets Or. I.
J. J. eSsv contends thSt Il i ian pO>Sitle,
because The motion Of the sir sui the
cumulative action Of the photographs
plate must always give an enlarged
and blurred image. while the eye Is
able 70 select what is seen At favorable
moments, On the other hand, Prot
+. l.. ., WSdSwoyth sees Nc iuSur-
mounlSble difficulty IN the way Of
phog0gusphiuS even more than Ne can
ever be sure ot Ss~iug directly through
telescopes up to l. 70 IS inches in aper-
ture, ana Is sUdeAvoring - settle the
question by rtSl
The diamond, making prncSSS Of Or.
q. MsjOranS, sn Italian eXperiueuter.
causes capitalization directly without
y solvent. The carbon. heated directly
in the electric arc, Is subjected 70 y
pressure Of 5000 stmosphereS by the
action OF an explosive ON = small piS-
ton, minute diamonds resulting,
The vexing subject OF the cause Sud
prevention OF the etllOrsScSuees that 81
often appear upon buildings Of brick
and sandstone has been cSret0lly
studied by Hans GUnther, y German
chemist. The source Of the trouble
may BE- the clay in the case Of bricks ,,
the water employed, the ashes and ~
rites OF the coal used for b1ruiug, or
the mortar. Herr Guuther, however,
finds that the diScOlorStiou Is most
liaols to result trom pyriteS in the clay
or chemical intersection between bricks
aud mortar, Must clsyS contain py-
rites, which give rise 10 immediate sf-
noreSceneeS in the presence ot ulSgue-
sia, but IN the preSeucS OF liuls show
nothing until after decomposition With
the alkalieS Of the mottsr, S0lphAtss-
and not nitratsS. as hiss been suggested
are usually the diStgurnS salts \
suggested remedy Is oarium carbouste
or chloride. rs this would bind the sui
phurie Seld, forming Sn iuSaluels com-
pound, IL used in the bricks.
Geosots. y combination Of vSlsriSu'c
acid with ereosots, is Sn oily liquid,
uffh a .NVa.ffsh Na.f.a ehae .a.,s.,s e.,