The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-12-07

ence TO the rule HfrEhc has been ia guide
Of donig only that WHOM r. rignt ana
homes, and 0 good report. The question
Of according Or OF Withholding rights OF
belligerency must b. judged IN every case.
IN view Of me particular attending facts
| Unless Justified by necessity. lt n always.
and Justly regarded az an unfrsendiy act
and as a gratuitous deInonstritiOn Of
moral support 10 the rebellion. Il ts
necessary and II i required when the
Interests and rights Of another govern
uenf or II fts people 80 FAR affected by
pending civil conflict az TO require def
initLon Of hs relations to the parties
thereto. But this conflict must be one
which will be recognized IN the sense OF
international Law az war.
"Balgersncy. too r. fact. The mere
existence Of contending armed bodies and
their occasional conflicts do not consti-
tute war IN the s,nse referred to- Apply
ing 10 the existing condition Of affairs in
Cuba, The tests recognized By priblcists
and writer's on international haw and
which have been observed by nations or
dignity. Slouesty aud power when free
from sensitive and unworthy motives, 7
fail 70 find In the inzurrection uhe exist
ence OF such subtsantial political or
ganizatlon. real. palpable and manifest
to the world as having the forms ana
capable Of organization functions of or
binary government towards is own peo-
rle and to other states with courts for the
administration Of justice, with local
habitatiou. possessing such organization
81 force. such material. such occupation
Of territory a. to take the contest out OF
tine category Of mere rebellious insur-
REGION. or occasionai skirmisher and place
u ON the terrible footing Of war. TO which
recognition Of belligerency woulI aim
20 elevate II
THE contest, moreover. f. solely on
land: the lnsurrecti0n has not possessed
itself Of single seaport whence II may
send forth its flag. nor has it any means
~ communication with foreign powers
except through tha military lines Of its
adversaries No apprehension OF any Of
these sudden and difficult complications
which "A war upon the ocean Is apt TO
/ precfpltate upon the vessels. both COM
mercisl and naval. and upon the consular
I officers Of other powers. calls for the def
/ initlon OF their relations 10 the parties
to the contest. CONSIDERED as a question
OF expediency. regard t:re accorda2ce
Of bellFerent rights still to be as unwise
and premature as I regard It to be, at
present indefensble as a measure OF
right
! "Such recognition entails upon the coun-
| try according the rights which fiow from
its difficult and complicated duties and
requires the exaction from the contending
parties of the strict observance OF their
rights and obligations. II confers the
rights OF search upon the high seas by
vessels Of both parties: It would subject
the Carrying OF arms and munitions of war,
which now may be transported freely ana
without interruption IN vessels Of the
United States 10 detention and 10 pos
sible SEIZURE. IT would give rise to count
less vexatious questions; il would rend
the present government OF responsibility
for acts done by the insurgents and would
invest Spain with the right to exercise
tine supervision recognized by our treaty
OF 1925 over our commerce on uhe high
seas very large part OF which is It's
traffic between the Atlantic and the gulf
states and between all Of them and the
states on the Pacific ocean, and through
the waters which wash the shores Of Cuba
The exevcise OF this supervision could
scarce fail to lead. If not to abuses, GER
tainly to collisions. psr1lous to the peace
tul relations Of the two states. There
can be little doubt as to what result such
supervision would he before long. II
would be unworthy OF the United States
to inaugurate the possibility OF such re-
suit by measure of questionable right
or eSpediencv or by any indirection."