davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
HAD BEEN THERE BEFORE
A shrewd Engineer on the katy" Defeats
the Plan of Eight Robbers.

MUsKoeEE, /. T., Sept ia daring
attempt was made last night to hold
up the southbound passenger train on
the Missouri, Kansas S Texas railroad
at Bond, /. T., flag station 80 miles
south of here. The engineer in
charge of the locomotive was John
Ragland. an old aud trusted en-
ploye, who had been held up several
times before. He proceeded to obey
the signal, but whep his engine was
within 100 yards of the signal he no
ticed several men standing near the
tracks and at once suspected their pur-
pose. Opening the throttle, he sped
by them as though no signal had been
given. The robbers, having been
foiled in their attempt to stop the
train, fed and are still at large.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
Sor yaTBrR WALSH.


ne tt hsntas ttry tsthottr frtest
CHICAGO. sept 1.-THE police are
perplexed over the case Of Edward
Gilr0y. . bartender. and Serzphins
silva . Mexican woman. who are ac-
cuSed Uf having robbed . visiting
Catholic priest from Kansas City Of
B.. so sunday night The clergyman.
ssuall. studious-iooking man. declared
himself 10 Be Father NJ J. Walsh Of
Kansas City, when he reported his loss
to the police The priest accompanied
GilrOy 20 the Silva womAn's place Sun
day night. and while under the in1u-
.nce Of drugs he says was robbed Of
si.sso After discovering his loss he
hurried 10 his room at the hotel and,
giving way TO grief and despair. locked
aimsef up until yesterday, when he
gained courage and reported the mat
ter.
A telegram from Kansas City says;
The supposed priest IS evidently at
tempting TO conceal his identity by
giving false name, as there is no eler-
gyman in Kansas City of the name of
VI. J. Walsh Faith er James 7. Walsh.
Of the Church Of Our Lady of Good
Council. is at his home. 3O2s Washing
Ton street
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
The Flrst Bale,

NARROW News: On last Saturday
about il o'clock, the people of our city
were quietly discussing the topics OF
the day when all at once someone said
that the first bale of cotton had come
INTO our city and in few minutes the
street was in a hustle and stir around
the wagon, and cotton buyers were
ssnpling the staple but as the price
hsd already been advertised by Mr.. 5
w. Thacker no on one cared TO raise il
so of course he took the cotton at ter
cents per pound, The bale weighed
$50 pounds and was raised by Mr.. f
w. Lawley near Tussey, 1. T., 30 IN lie,
southeast of Marlow.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
OKLAHOMA NEWS.
Events of Interest Culled From
Territorial Newspapers


Norman Transcript: Word reached
here Wednesday night of an accident
ihAs caused the death of young man
named Sam shelton. who lived near
Noble in this county. From the best
information obtsinable at this writing,
il appears that shelton on Tuesday
had made trip to shawnee taking o
brother to that point and in returning
home when somewhere near Denver
had fallen from the buggy IN which he
was riding aud one foot getting caught
in wheel, was dragged to death by
the team. A farmer living just this
side of Denver postoffice, caught the
team aud released the unfortunate
young man who lived but a short time
after being found. Shelton was sub
ject to fits. and it is supposed was suf
fering from an attack when he fell
from the buggy.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

Norman Transcript: A sad accident
occurred last Tuesday afternoon neaI
Purcell, l. T., by which Bay, the Is
year old son of Attorney J. w. Hooker
of Purcell lost his life. In company
with son of F. NJ. Fox, the boys were
ont in the country hunting, and while
driving along the road it is supposed
the dog they had with them in the
buggy, while shuffiing around in
some way discharged gun, the entire
load of shot striking the unfortunate
boy in the side just below the heart
killing him instantly. Mr.. Hooker on
ly a few weeks ago lost his wife.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
Killed at Lexington.

Norman Ira nscript: A serious
shooting affair occurred last Monday
afternoon at Lexington, and as a re-
suit, Charles ElSins lost his life and
L. NJ. Green, better known as Jude, -
is in in jail here charged with murder
The two men, it Is said. had been at
outs for some time past and while at
one of the riverside saloons renewed
their quarrel which resulted in Green
shooting Elkins with revolver, in
the side, causing a wound from which
Elkins died shortly afterward. Green
was brought here by officers Tuesday
morning.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

THE death of Mrs. John Drew has re.
moved from the American stage one OF
the very few women who have main.
tanned inviolate all the traditional vir-
tues of the sex while pursuing an
active life in q profession which in
popular opinion is not calculated TO
preserve the best traits of female char
acter. For more than so years this
most unusual woman was in the fierce
glare of publicity, but never was there
cause for suspicion against her, nor
exedse for the too eager scandal mon.
gers TO besmirch her name.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
w.p,.a uer vope,.. worth.

II happened on a westbound sutter street
car. The car was crowded, some OF the
Franklin street the conductor gave the sig.
nal TO stop. He called out: Fourteen hun
dred." Nobody moved. He shouted again,
more Justify: no response He repeated the
call. louder each time. At last ne walked
up TO a lady in the farthest corner Of the
fourteen hundred block. The passengers
looked at him a moment somewhat per
plexed.
but I want 20 get off at fourteen hun
dred and four she mapped at him, saw.
agely.
The other passengers began 10 smile, snd
the ladv left the car in 1T Of silent indig-
natiOn.-San Francisco Chronicle.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

FL Reno Globe: One OF the saddest
accidents happened at Mstchewson
Saturday in which little Grace Mont
gomery lost her life, She went over
10 Mrs. Doggett's near neighbor and
she and Nellie Doggett went to the
granary to play. Little Grace climbed
over into the bin and in less than five
minutes was smothered. Everything
was done that human hands could do
10 bring her back 10 life, but it was of
no avail her spirit had taken its flight
to the God that gave 1t.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
HARD On NEBRASKA.
Drought Has Cut the States Corn Crop
Fully 100, 900. 900 Bushels.

LINCOLN, Neb., Sept. 1.-THE hot
weather of the last three weeks has
cost Nebraska nearly 100000 bush
els of late corn. Reports received by
the state board of agriculture from
each county in the state, and carefully
tabulated show that the drought has
cost Nebraska very nearly the whole
of its late corn crop, estimated by the
board to be between rs, 900, 900 and 100,
600, 900 bushels However, the hot
weather matured the early corn crop,
and 800, 900, 900 bushels of il is beyond
danger from heat or frost
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
BASEBALL STANDING.
Tbur.dsy.. Ba.eb.,I Games.

National league-Baltimore 3, Lou
isville ?; Washington 9. Cleveland S;
Philadelphia 5, Chicago 4; Brooklyn Z,
Cincinnati /; Boston Is. St Louis 8;
New York 80, Pittsburgh So.
Western Minneapolis s, Kan
sas City 8; Milwaukee Z, St. Paul 8; De-
troit s-l3, Grand Rapids, 6-l; Columbus
10, indianapolis 8.
Western association-Des Moines S,
st. Joseph 3; Peoria 6, Cedar Rapids 4;
Rockford 10, Dubuque 6; Burlington .,
OnincV s
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
RECORD OF A YOUTH.
D. r. Hiler Admits Having Been Married
Your Time aud Thrice Div orced.

ISDIASAPoLIs, Ind, Sept y John
T. Hiler. wanted in Cincinnati on a
charge of bigamy, has turned up here
and declares that he can show divorces
from every woman to whom he has
been married except the last, Cora
Henly, of Cincinnati. whom he mar
ried a week ago. lie is a rather hand
some young man of 2s, and admits
that since 1898 he has been four times
married, though declaring that he has
been three times divorced. and has
lived with three or four other women
20 whom he WAS not married.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

WHAT promises to be one Of the most
important events in the municipal his
tory of this country will take place the
last week in this month, when the
mayors and councilmen OF all the large
cities will meet in national convention
in Columbus, o. The proposition came
originally from New York, having
been made by a publication devoted to
the interests of city officials which
stated that the existence of the Ma
tional Municipal league suggested the
idea of having municipal questions
discussed by the men of actual expert
ence for the mutual benefit of those
concerned.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
ctrcum.tnnce, Alter Ca.es.

This here speculs:in' in wheat on the
stock exchange is gamblin' pure and simple,
said the farmer. who was deacon and a
strict disciplinarian. IAN the Lord won't
prosper them that wins by il"
well. father" replied his son, I'm
sorry to hear that. for placed that money
YOU gave me and made 5000 by the deal"
The old man coughed, wiped his glasses
and then said
well. WELT Providence does work in
mysterious ways, The parson wuz ssyin'
last week that the church needed paintin'
an besides-thar's a mortgage on the farm
that orter be lifted. an one o two other
little accounts that's got ter be squared.
Well, welll'-Atlanta Constitution.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
where He Agreed with Him.

What! What"
The irate old man choked with indgna.
ton
You want to steal my child from me. to
rob me of my daughter? Why siri--"
His rage got the upper hand of him, and
he gasped some more
Rascal is no name for you,"
The young man was perfectly calm.
you bet it isn't" he said. slowly; "anC If
anybody says otherwise there's Liable to be
trouble
In the face OF such sublime gall what could
the old man do:-Puck
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

GREATER NEw YORK, as formed, has
a population of 3,3l2,0OO and is the
second largest city in the world. Her
aggregate wealth is 81, 500, 900, 900.
Under the charter the mayor of this
great city will have the power to APP
point $4,000 oftice-holders, who viii
draw yearly salaries in excess of s25,-
600, 600. The city contains 36s square
miles, with an available water front
of $50 miles. There are within the
city limits 1, 200 miles of railway and
5000 miles of streets and roadways.
The actual running expenses of the
city will exceed $50, 900, 900 annu.
ally.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
MIssoURrs SPLENDID SHOWING.
State Labor Commissioner Prepares sta
tistics for the Omaha Exposition.

0Htfts TOT tht OHiHhH fxpusItIUH
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo-, Sept. ii.-State
Labor Commissioner Rozelle has pre-.
pared for the Transmississippi Inter
national exposition a statement show.
ing Missouri's productions in 1896 and
their value. The estimated value of
these products. including the output of
all factories, except Touring mills, is
$500, OOO, 900. Although it is impossible
10 get an accurate estimate of the
products for 1897 at this time the sur
prising increase in the growth of small
fruits, the value of the peach and apple
crop, together with the great increase
in the value of the wheat and corn
crops, will place the figures for
1897 approximately 500, ,cOO,O 600 more
than for 1896.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

PosTMAsTER-GENERAL GARY recently
received from the postmaster-general
of Canada full explanation of the
postal savings bank system in vogue
there. He has also received letters in
regard TO the system from prominent
men all over the country, and farmer,
especially, as banking facilities fol
the latter are extremely limited in
Canada The postmaster-general il
gathering all information possible re
garding savings banks, and it is be
lieyed in his current report will recon
mend that congress authorize the es
tablishment Of postal savings banks il
the United States. =
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
Kansas University Outlook Bright.

LAWRENCE, Kan, Sept. 1.-THE reg
istration of new students at the Uni
versity of Kansas is the largest ever
experienced at the beginning of the
fall term. At the close of the second
day it had exceeded by 200 all former
records for the opening days II the
present ratio continues, the attend
ance will reach L. 500 this wear.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

lola, Kan, Sept. l1.-W. ]. Bryan
took a New York draft for STA As
when he left lola last night. In re-
turn for this he spoke to 10, 900 people
at the fair grounds yesterday after
noon for nearly two hours. He
escaped from the wreck Wednesday
night without scratch, but he says
those mangled bodies will haunt him
TO his dying day.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
oBEyED HIS MOTHER.
A virginia BOY Who Married Kansas Girl
Forced to Desert Her.

ATcHsoS, Kan, Sept ll.-Mrs. s +.
Taylor, d wealthy resident of Rich
mond, Va, arrived here and found her
son, Frank. whose whereabouts had
been unknown for some time. Souder,
who is a minor, recently married girl
in Hiawatha, Kan, whom Mrs Taylor
considered beneath the station of the
family, and she left with her son for
San Francisco. The bride is at Horton,
and does not know of her husbands
desertion-
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

A FARMING community in which
every one of the las workers may be
expected to drop his hoe or plow han
dies or her broom or dish tray at any
moment without warning and writhe
upon the ground in convulsive agonies
Is rather unique among all COLOMBIA.
ton schemes. Such, however, is the
Craig colony for epileptics at Sonyea,
N. Y, with its group of 80 men and 60
woman
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
VICTIM OF BURGLARS.
Two Masked Men hob a Farmer of sI,36O
and Shoot His Wife.

ROCHESTER, n. Y, Sept. 1.-At
Churchville, a few miles west of Roch-
ester, Mrs. George Smith was shot and
fatally wounded by burglars Mr.
Smith, who is a man of wealth, was
overpowered by two masked men, who
bound and gagged him, and by threats
compelled him to give them 81, 800
which was in the house, and left him
helpless to give the alarm. Mr.. and
Mrs. Smith occupied adjoining rooms.
Mrs. Smith was shot in the ear, the
bullet lodging in the back of the head
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
A MI..onrIan Bent ON suic,ae.

COLUMBIA, Mo-, Sept lit. Il.
Blythe, politician, committed suicide
near Ashland by taking a dose of lau-
danum and then shooting himself
The fash from his pistol set his clothes
on fire and his body was badly burned
He was ~ years old and married and
was in good circumstances financially
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

ATLANTA, Ga, Sept. ll.-Doubt has
been thrown upon the accuracy of the
survey of the boundary line between
this state and Tennessee, and if the
theory of eminent legal authorities
here is confirmed, it may be found that
Chattanooga is on Georgia soil.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
Young Girl My.terIou.ly Murdered.

MIAMI, Mo, Sept 1i.-Yesterday
about six o'clock shot was heard
and shortly afterward Carrie, the ,6-
year-old daughter of Capt. Thomas
Mattingly, well-known steamboat
man, was found lying near the side
walk in front of A. Rogers home.
That she was murdered there is no
doubt, but for what cause no Que can
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

The Volunteers Of America are
thinking of sending men to the Alaska
gold fields in the spring. II the rush
TO the new diggings continues the men
will doubtless be sent The Salvation
army has already decided TO send a
band of workers up among the miners
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

GALVESTON and Houston, 80 miles
apart are soon TO be connected with an
electric railway. There are already
four steam roads between these two
largest cities of Texas. but business
has grown 50 rapidly that the citizens
want IL done by electricity.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
AN ENORMOUS SUM.
last Years Pension Payments Aggregated
sI4O,477 7,83T-Less Than In 1898.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 1.-THE annual
report of the auditor for the interior
department shows that the amount
paid for pensions during the last year
was sl4O, 477,6S7. The payments on
pension account for the fiscal year of
1896 were slSs, 722, 1917, and for the
fiscal year of 1895, sl40, SIS, ,64l; 1894.
sS7. ll9, ,55l. and for 1898, sl54, ,552, PA.
The cost of the service last year was
$3.50 per 81, 900; for 1896, s4.O7; for 1895,
LOO; for 1894, s3,77, and for 1898, So. 35.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

A MECHANICAL surprise will be
sprung in all probability on the cycling
world within a short time and all rec
ords win go by the board, IL the pres
ent prospects for the new machines
capacity are realized A well-known
Brooklyn lawyer has invented a bicy-
Gle with present gear Of $50 and he is
confident that he will see mile close
TO the minute mark.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

Az impressive and unique religious
ceremony took place the other night
At New York when the Countess de
Canavarro was formally and publicly
admitted to the faith Of Buddha- She
was the first woman in this country TO
accept the religion founded 2, 9,4so years
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

o 1EsHNKs everywhere are interested
in the news that the ruling powers of
Great Britain are seriously thinking
of creating the duke OF York prince of
ireland and of making the title per
manent one for the eldest son Of the
prince of Wales
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

You've OepEs GoELET, Of New York,
by the recent death Of his father. be-
comes the richest lad Of his years in
America At 20 Young Goelet finds
himself in possession of fortune es-
timated at sCO, 900, 900.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
Oklahoma May Have a Hanging.

GUTHRIE, Ok, Sept lL-In the
United States court here the jury in
the case of Eldridge Preston, charged
with killing Claude Willis while the
latter was asleep, returned a verdict
of guilty in the first degree.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

IL the cities of the United States
continue their present rate Of growth
until 1920 they viii then contain TO-
600, 900 more than one-half the popula-
tion of the country. A writer in one
Of the magazines says the cities will
then control the politics Of the nation,
and that IL is therefore necessary to
take special pains with the political
education of city children.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
Fatal Quarrel over Beer Money.

MARCEIINE, Mo-, Sept lL-George
Moss, a negro stable boy for r. j.
Holmes, the Kansas City race horse
man, was shot through the heart and
killed on the fair grounds here by Dick
Phoenix, a negro stable boy of Brook
field. Phoenix is in Jail. The murder
was the result of a quarrel over beer
nancy
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

BEFORE ths season ends there will
be 10000 people in the Klondike coun-
try, and one good road there would
have saved them $500 each in the cost
of travel and supplies This makes
g., OO0, 900, and IL Is low estimate.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

DOUGLASS WHITE, a negro of Mont.
gomery, Ala, killed a woman some
five years ago. For that crime, through
mistrials. reversals and so on he has
been subjected TO six trials At the
first he was sentenced TO death: at the
second to life imprisonment; at the
third to so years imprisonment; at the
next to ten years, and now he has
been acquitted altogether
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

TEE gambling carried on in the slo;
machines Of Chicago is said TO cost
their customers s.. ooo. COO q year. Of
which only oDe-fourtb is returned in
prizes A rake of Of s. In 81 goes TO
the gamblers
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
THE CHIEF THING

In MointoIpIns Good Heolth Is Pure. Rich.
Nourishiog Blood.
The blood carries nourishment and
furnishes support for the organs, nerves
aud muscles. 1t must be made rich and
pure if you would have strong nerves,
good digestion, sound sleep, or If you
would be rid of that tired feeling, those
disagreeable pimples. eczema, or scrofula.
No medicine is equal to Hoods Sarsapa-
rilla for purifying the blood. 1t is a medi-
cine of genuine merit and will do you
wonderful good Try it now.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
AIa-Year-Old Hor.e Thief.

ST. JOSEPH, No Sept Thames
Henry Field. IS years of age, is locked
up, charged with being a horse thief
He stole a fine blooded horse near
Platte City last night and sold it here.
His parents reside near Platte City.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

ONE creamery near St Albans. Vt.
converts the milk Of 12,coo cows into
1000 pounds Of butter daily.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

Lewis Kuheault a German farmer
near Lincoln, Benton county. Mo-, was
instantly killed in a runaway accident
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16

II has taken % years 10 reduce the
record of the pacing mile from three
minutes TO two minutes
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
CURRENT COMMENT.

TEE synchronograph Just tested in
England sends 400 words minute By
-rfre
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
Much In Little.

Earlboro Plain People.
Ardmorewas the first town cf the
two territories to receive the first bale
of this years cotton.
Coal has been discovered near Cush
ing. About the next thing they dis
cover will be winter.
A retired lawyer, Robert f. Burns
living near Cushing, is third cousir
to Burns the great poet.
man aged ll0 years recently united
with church in Pawnee county and
was baptized by immersion.
George Miller harvested 5000 bush
els of wheat on his farm in the Ponca
ca reservation.
Work commenced recently on the
new railroad from Red Fork TO the
coal field, distance of Is miles
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1897-09-16
Minor Territorial Notes.


Newkirk in one week shipped II cars
of wheat
Kildare with five adjoining districts,
has arranged for Il graded school.
Secretary Jenkins has granted q
charter to the Plsinview Methods,
Episcopal church at WILDER.
The Oklahoma State Fair associa tiou
has been incorporated at Guthrie, to
conduct territorial and state fair.
About thirty families of osages are
down on visit to the Pawnees, but SC
far have been unable to get up any
enthusiasm over their coming. The
Pawnees say they are very busy haul.
ing wood to the agency and school jus,
now, and have not time TO dance. This
is little out of the usual order OF
things, as 1t is usually the Indian i.
too busy dancing to work.-Pawnes
Times-Demoerat.