davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
ROADSIDE Trees.
The Practice of Planting Orchards
Should BE Quite Popular.

The Practice of Planting Orchards
Should BE Quite Popular.
This is receiving more attention in
some parts of our older states and de-
serves much more than it gets any
where. Our public lands are so near ex-
hausted for homesteads, that the SUI
perabundance of land in the United
States will not allow us to be wasteful
in its use. In Germany the planting of
forest trees by the roadside is no longer
practice. The highways are con-
tinuous garden. The owner of ada
cent land has charge of the roadway
fruit; but the roadway officials assume
charge of the care and protection of the
trees. The railways are now following
the growing custom, and planting ap-
Piles and pears along the side of their
tracks. There are few sections in the
United States where apple and cherry
have for some years been the common
road trees. The fruit, so far as can
see, is no more subject to molestation
than that which grows inside the lines
of strictly private ownership. found
near Ithaca, N. Y, choice cherries by
the side of the road; and the trees were
loaded with undisturbed fruit. Pos
sibly most of us would consent that
even half of such fruit should refresh
the wayfarers, if we could utilize the
streets, and have half the product as
compensation for the planting. In this
section of the state apple trees line
some of the roadways, but more atten-
ton is given to ornamental shrubbery,
extending the lawns to the street ditch.
American Agriculturist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
Animals, Eve. Flag Trains.

"Yes, we have good deal of expert
ence with wild animals" remarked an
engineer, "but not so thrilling as that OF
the engineers on western roads when
the buffalo was common on the plains.
But there is enough still left of wild
animal life to make it interesting. The
eyes of the wolf. coyote, wildcat jack
rabbit, polecat and other animals look
like red light when facing the head
light. Did not these animals quickly
undeceive US by turning their heads an
engineer might think his train was be-
Ing tagged and stop his engine. The
wolf. wildcat and coyote are quick and
Jump from the track, but the jaclrabbit
Is less fortunate. The headlight has
a strange fascination for this animal
and often it is killed.-Denyer News:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
DAIRY SUGGESTIONS.

When the fodder begins to get low,
don't scrimp the COWS; better buy some
clover hay and some grain.
If the udder is inclined to be infamed,
battle it with hot water, and rub thor
oughly dry, reduce the feed and nature
will help.
The man who cannot be gentle and
tender with his cows should not be a
dairyman or stock breeder. He should
go into some other business.
Where the most thought and care are
bestowed on the cows, there the cows
give the best net dividends. 1t is about
so with all business.
A few days before calving each COW
should be given a moderate dose of
epson salts, molasses and ginger. After
the calf is dropped she should have an
other dose.
When COW will make a pound of
butter day, in her best condition, for
month at time, upon hay or grass
only, she will doubtless pay for grain
ration in addition to it, if properly pro-
portioned and properly fed. The high
rst product always come from full
supply of material.-Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09

tenn was abandoned there; and that to-
day in Great Britain not only are tn
roads maintained at the general cost OF
the people. but government loans are
made for any specially heavy improve.
ments that are desired. Two hundred
years ago the great highways of that
country were kept up, so far as they were
kept up at all, just as they are in this
state to-day, by local taxation, while
they actually served the people of the
whole kingdom.
Upon the convict labor question, let
them understand that 1000 idle men are
being marched about in Sing Sing pris-
on to-day for exercise, whose labor, If
properly directed, could provide the
material for thousands of miles of good
roads every year, and that the honest
industry of the country pays for main
tanning these criminals in idleness.
These things would be incredible if told
in England to-day. They would be a
bitter reproach to our republican insti-
tutions. And they would add another
argument, and most powerful one, for
those who claim that our system of gov
err ment cannot care for the economic
interests of the people as well as mon
archy. It would be fatal indictment
against our institutions, if it must be
truly said, that free people, in rich
country, cannot secure for themselves
the blessing of good roads.-Gen. Roy
Stone
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
CALVES FOR THE DAIRY.
L. A. Keene Tells How He Raised Prof
liable AnimaIs

L. A. Keene Tells How He Raised Prof
liable Animals.
Our method of raising calves intended
for work in the dairy herd commences
with the breeding We aim to get a good
roomy animal and depend more on
transmission than upon any special care
in raising. But we take good care of
the young things, for on this depends
largely the future usefulness of the
dairy cow. Care is taken that the pens
are kept clean and well bedded, and sun
light, bright hay and clean water are
supplied.
The calves are usually weaned from
their dams Nhen five days old; they
learn to drink readily at that age. They
are then fed on new or whole milk for
at least one month, from which they
are changed onto skinned milk. They
are taught to eat oatmeal at a very early.
age and they are given all the oats they
will clean up with little oil-meal added.
AT three months old and afterward they
are given a small allowance of corn in
addition to the oat ration. Thus they
are fed during the first year.
want them in good growing condi-
ton, but they must not get excessively
fat, for bone, muscle and good consti-
tuition, coupled with good strong diges-
ton, are what is wanted in the dairy
COW. We are now growing machine
into which we can safely feed our corn
and oats and have it converted into milk
and butter. During the winter Of the
second year, having made good growth,
these young heifers are fed all the
bright hay they will eat with two or
three quarts of cut ear corn. Usually
we have sweet corn.
They are bred to drop their first
calves at 90 to 30 months old. These
young cows are stabbed by themselves
and carefully handled-in fact, the
dairy cows should all be pet cows-and
we find them ever ready to convert lib
eral quantities of feed into rich milk.
We keep we'll In mind the fact that they
must now be fed so as to make good
growth as well as good butter.-Dakota
Field and Farm.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
ORCHARD PARASITES.
Valuable Discovery to Fruit Grower
Reported from Missouri.

Valuable Discovery to Fruit Growers
Reported from Missouri.
The Missouri experiment station has
made extensive experiments with differ
ent methods of killing the woolly aphis
or apple root plant louise, regarded as
one of the worst, if not the worst, enemy
to the apple orchards of the southern
half of Missouri.
The following is brief summary of
the discoveries made:
The limb form of this insect can be
readily killed by one or two thorough
sprayings with strong kerosene emul-
sion. Apple seedlings, buds. and gratis
should be planted in a small trench
filed with, finely-powdered tobacco or
tobacco dust and lightly covered with
earth. This will keep the woolly aphis
away. Apple nursery stock should have
q liberal supply of tobacco dust applied
to the roots every spring. in order to
kill the woolly aphis and prevent 1t
from establishing itself there. Itshould
be applied by removing some Of the
earth from around the roots, filing the
excavation with tobacco dust, and light
lycovering IL with earth. Newly cleared
timber land should be cultivated in corn
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
ROADS IN ENGLAND.
How They Are Kept in Repair All the
Year Around.

How They Are Kept in Repair All the
Year Around.
English roads are good because they
are well built and well cared for, is the
conclusion arrived at by writer who
has been investigating the subject. He
says that they are the finest anywhere
in the world. Some of the highways
leading out of Bath were made by the
Romans, and all of the other highway
are of scientific construction, with deep
foundations and ample provisions for
draining. Besides, they receive constant
supervision and care. Every county
council has a standing committee of
roads, which takes charge of the high
ways and keeps them in repair. The
committee is divided into sub-commit-
tees, each of which is assigned dis
trict.
There is an inspector for each divis-
ion, who employs force of road mend
ers and holds each responsible for the
portion of road assigned to him. The
road member lives in a cottage on the
line of the higway, which he is required
to keep in order. He goes over the road
every day and removes in a barrow
everything that is unsightly. After
each heavy rain he looks out for breaks,
and mends them by dumping loads OF
flint where needed. Supplies of flint
are kept along the roads at intervals,
ready for the use. of the road member.
He watches the road the year around,
and If there is any neglect he receives
a sharp warning from the inspector.
This is the English system of maintain
ing good roads, and it Will be necessary
to have similar system in this country
before the roads here will compare with
those Of the older country.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
FOR LIFTING HAY RACKS.

of six posts firmly set in the ground
with two pieces of two by eight lumber
about two feet longer than the hay rack.
The crosspieces of the rack must be
fastened very firmly to hold the
weight of the body as the pieces slip on
the longitudinal bars. When the con-
trivance is to be used, the top of the
bars should be creased. When the rack
is to be taken off, team is driven
through the roadway at a. The posts
are just high enough to catch the cross
pieces of the rack and, as the team pro-
ceeds the rack will be lifted until it is all
safely landed on the frame. Provision
must be made not to have the body of
the rack fit the holsters of the wagon too
tightly, so that there may be no danger
of breaking in taking it off. In putting
the rack on again, the wagon is backed
into the roadway from b until the end
of the wagon is under the back end of
the rack, then tie the rack to the bolster,
back again and the rack is on.-Amer-
lean Agriculturist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09

The deeper the soil and the greater
abundance of manure that is used the
greater will be the crop. Until the Pal
metto was brought out, Conover's Col
ossal was the leading sort, and justly
so; but Palmetto is not only much
earlier, but is also better yielder and
is more even and regular in it's growth,
and must eventually supplant the old
favorite. Average punches, containing
Is shoots, measure 10 inches round and
weigh about two pounds. The Pal
metto has now been planted in all parts
of the country and appears to be equally
adapted to all sections.-Farm and
Home.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
Lixinr Picturea Tor Poateritr.

The lively optical instrument with
many names, but known in England as
the animatograph, is to be used to pre-
serve for posterity living pictures Of
Princess Maud's wedding, the Derby
won by the Prince of Wales. the coming
Jubilee of the queen and several types
Of London street scenes. The cellu.
loid Aims bearing the views win Be IN,
closed in several tubes. and ought 70 Be
rood for many reproductions . thcu'
lAnd vaarn from now. 80
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
Care of Rhubarb Roots.

If your pie-plant roots have ceased to
yield those large, tender stalks. that are
SO desirable, there is some reason for it.
Perhaps they were allowed to go to seed,
or were deprived of too many leaves, or
manure was withheld, or the roots OF
other plants or trees have encroached
and robbed them of food and water.
Possibly they have stood too long in one
place and have developed too many eyes.
If the roots are old the crowns may b
uncovered and all the weaker eyes cut
out. Then put on plenty Of manure.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
ROAD, 49,
|SaR CSsSssscr,,- z s 52$S
IMPROVEMENT:
GOOD TIMES COMING.

plcs Are Unknown Wherever Inn
proved Roads Are introduced.
That good roads will bring prosperity
10 idle dream. Through all the panic
depression of the last three years
farmers in the few good-roads dis.
It's of the country have gone on max.
money and improving their farms
they have not troubled themselves
ch about politics or finance.
] is enforced idleness that makes
Nmers poor, and no farmer need be
> day on account of bad weather OF
fields if only his roads are good. On
good road there is always paying
Fix of some kind, and wet weather is
q the time to go on the road. The
inch farmer never loses good day
lis fields, for he can do all his market
and hauling of fertilizers in rainy
les.
THAT prosperity would burst upon
country if every farmer and farm.
boy, not at school, and every farm.
"a and team could earn a full DAVIS
ges every day in the year, rain OF
mel
When you have convinced your neigh.
Is in the cities, and especially those
them who are candidates for public
y that the in - is of the city popu.
'pn demand II they shall come tc
+. relief of the il 4ners, you can go to
farmers with tits assurance of help
4 ask them to take into careful con.
ration the PRACTICAL measures by
th this relief can be brought about,
Especially the measures for provid-
state cid and for the use of convict
q, 1T is only through state and
Ihty aid that the cities and villages
i help. If you find the farmers
nging to the old ways, say to them
II these ways are mainly an unfor-
aAte inheritance from the mother
||ptry, which we brought away with
md failed to shake off when the sys-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
CREAMERY SUCCESS

Unless All Patrons Work Together IL
/ Cannot BE Achieved.
Ifcreamery butter is better than aver
age dairy butter it is because the man.
agement at the creamery is upon high
ler scale than in the average private
dairy. There is no gain in taking the
milk of a dozen or more second or third
class farmers and handing it over to an
unskilled creamery man to make into
butter. Two interiors do not make one
superior. Two ciphers cannot by any
arrangement be made into q whole
number. A successful creamery must
have not only a shllful manager and
butter maker. but guaranteed supply
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
HOW TO KEEP COWS CLEAN.

stands an inch above the cows backs,
just forward of the rump. When drop
ping manure, the COW must step back
into the gutter as she cannot round up
her back when the frame is in place.
Have the side pieces screwed so tightly
to the beams overhead that the frame
will stay at any angle it is put. 1t can
thus be swung up out of the way when
lhe cows are out of the stable.-Ameri-
ran Agriculturist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
KEEPING COWS CLEAN.

An Arrangement Which Has Been
Tried with Success.
The illustration shows device that
has been tried successfully for keeping
cows clean in the stable. The frame
that is shown comes from Iowa and
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
LIFTING HAY RACKS.

A Device That Does Away with Much
Hard Work.
To facilitate taking off hay racks
from wagons, and to replace them again,
which is frequently connected with a
good deal of unnecessary heavy lifting,
Howard Walton, Yamhill county, Ore,
has devised a contrivance, a sketch of
which is given herewith, which works
practically automatically, without any
labor whatsoever. 1t consists merely
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
BUTTER-MAKING RULES.
Valuable Hints from the Cornell
Agricultural COLLEGE,


Agricultural College.
The instructor at Cornell agricultur-
al college, Ithaca, N. Y, has sent out a
list of rules about butter-making and
ripening cream. He says:
The practical part of cream ripening
is this: Keep your vessel so that it
may all ripen evenly and thus avoid loss
in churning. Raise the temperature to
62 or 6S degrees and keep it as near that
temperature as possible until ripe. and
then cool before churning. Well ripened
cream should be coagulated or thick
ened. 1t should run from a height in a
smooth stream like oil. When a pad
die is dipped into it and held in the
hand, it should stick all over in a
thick even coat, not running off in
streal1s and showing the surface of the
paddle. When the last drops run off the
paddle back into the vat they should
leave little dents or depressions on the
surface, which do not close up for an
instant. The cream should have satin
gloss or fresh surface. Churn until the
granules are the size of wheat kernels:
then draw off the buttermilll and wash
through two or three waters, whirling
the churn few times around. Use from
a pint to quart of water per pound of
butter. Have the water at tempera-
ture of 40 to As degrees in hot weather
and from so to GO degrees in winter, al
ways depending upon the season, natur-
al solidity of the butt er, warmth of the
room and size of granules. If you DO
not care about feeding the washings,
would put some salt in my first wash
water 1t will help to float the granules
better, and perhaps dissolve out the
casein to some extent. would general
ly salt the butter in the churn.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
PARIS.

Imported French Coach Stallion, No. 1871.
Will make the season of 1897, April LIST to July
Isl, on the following named days and places:
Az the Fair Grounds, Frederick, Nd, on each
MONDAY and THURSDAY, during the
season on TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, FRI.
DAY and SATURDAY at the owners stable.
near Urbana, Frederick County, Nd
PARIS Is q beautiful mahogany brown In
color, l612 hands, and weighs 1850 pounds, has
nne style and action, and only needs to be seen
TO be appreciated. just the horse to produce
fine coach teams, which are always In demand
and bring good prices. PARIS was foaled MAY
18th, 1887, and was selected and imported by
ex.Gov. Frank Brown, Of Nd, for his own SER
vice, at cost Of 5000, as yearling, and has
as fine colts, both in style and action, as any
horse In the State, showing strong lndivid-
uality as producer. Farmers should embrace
this opportunity to improve their stock ana
raise Q class OF horses always ready sale and Cd
good profit. And now offer purse OF $50
for the best colts nom my horse, foaled In 1893,
and exhibited at the Frederick Fair In Oct.
1873, So 70 lst SIS to End and $40 to Ord, 70 ba
paid as per award Of the judge at said fair.
TERMS Sl6 for the season, with return privi-
lege either fall or spring, payable within the
season Every precaution viii be taken with
mares, but no responsibility incurred for acci.
dents or escapes.
DIXON G. WALKER, Owner,
mar. 20Sm. Urbana, Frederick Co., Nd.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-09
Opium In Japan.

The japanese are afraid of the spread
Of the habit of opium smoking in their
country. and efforts are being made to
restrict it's sale and consumption.
The herald., 1897-03-10
Los WEDNESDAY MORNING. MARCH 1897

bered that 1t was securely screwed In
place when he left home, and he was
certain that the gem had either been
stolen on the crowded street car going
to the depot, or in the crowd at the
chute leading to the depot grounds. OIL
GERS Conley- and Ditewig were on the
train, as was also Detective j. Scott
Oliver, and they were promptly notihed.
General Bouton had no idea of where he
lost the jewel, and did not remember
seeing any suspicious characters about
him. so that all that could be done was
to notify police headquarters by tele-
phone in order to have the depots
watched.
AS has been stated. as soon as the
pavilion was reached there was rush
for lunch, and the thief, or thieves, who
had evidently gone down on the train,
sgain got in their work. After the rush
was over 1t was rumored that other
gentlemen had lost their diamonds, and
on investigation 1t was found that the
following had suffered. only the dia-
mond stud being taken in each instance:
Joe Mullaly, $3.50; Harry Slatterbeck.
500; Rees Llewellyn. s275; joe Maier,
5000; w. L. Weldon, 800; A. NJ. Ozmun,
5000; j. W. Frey. $780, In every case
the stud had been unscrewed from the
shirt front or scarf, and there was not
the slightest clew to the thieves, none
OF those who were robbed knowing ex-
actly when II was done. The sheriff and
Chief Glass were promptly notified and
Under Sheriff Clements and Deputy
Fleming came down on the afternoon
train, but could discover nothing. On
the arrival of the train at the Terminal
depot, Detectives Goodman and Hawley
were in waiting. but If anyone was ar
rested the fact has not been given out.
Mr.. Frey is positive that he was robbed
on the car going to the depot, and says
that his scarf was pulled loose, but he
cannot tell just when it occurred.
From the fact that an eastern visitor
was robbed of a valuable diamond stud
on a Westlake car Sunday evening in
almost exactly the same manner as those
yesterday, it is believed that the thieves
have been in tn city several days, hav-
The herald., 1897-03-10
A GREAT DAY FOR THE SEAPORT Of los ANGELES

city governments and the various pub
lie institutions Mayor Snyder was
on hand early,a as were most of the mem
bers of the city council and other city
officials. Judges Smith and Shaw We're
also on hand with several supervisors,
and other representatives from the
county courthouse. Prominent men,
bers of the various commercial bodies
were early on the ground, and assisted
the railway people in taking care of the
guests At the foot of the chute lead
Ing to the depot grcSnds were Secre-
tary Charles Willard of the chamber
of commerce; Secretary knight of the
Merchants and Manufacturers asso-
citation, with their representatives, VINO
decorated each visitor with the Termi-
nal and chamber of commerce badges.
The former decoration was red rib
bon. on which was printed in gold.
Terminal Railway excursion to Los
Angeles deep water harbor, March -
1897" The chamber of commerce badge
was more modest and was white az
fair which simply announced that the
event was San Pedro day." giving the
date. etc.
The Railroad company did not antici-
pate such a large delegation, and
train of ten handsome coaches drawn
up at the platform of the depot was at
first thought to be sufficient. But as
car after car deposited, its load, 1t
soon became evident that the transpor-
tation facilities would have to be in
creased, and four more coaches were at
tached.
The crowd was a thoroughly good
natured one, and the time passed quick
ly until almost IL o'clock, when the train
pulled out of the depot.
On board the train. the arrangements
6 X
were fairly under way train
bows wearing the white caps of the
chamber of commerce passed through
the coaches dispensing that decoction
known as Virgins claret punch,
beverage which cheers but does not
and which has made the in
yentor famous at all the great exhibit
tions since the Worlds Fair at Chicago.
Very good time was made considering