The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-08-08

may be made automatic. 49,
above the torpedo room, boiler compartment
and engine room are utilized as bunGors ana
compensation compartments. The tuel buhkeIs
are so handled that they are emptied In sue
cession, thereby preserving the position Of the
centre Of gravity. while the total weight OF tho
A vertical tube, similar to that placed in the
bow, 10 placed at the same distance ahatt OF tno
centre of buoy ancy. and contains q small screw
propeller on q vertical shaft. This scrow 10
driven by u combination of bovelled wheels,
operated by n shaft from a 7io'horse power
The armor turrot. which Is formed of three
plates, Is erected over the, centre of buoyancy:
The central upper plate lies horizontally, the
forward end being bent down to the shell and
fastened there. Tho inclination Of the bond u
end is also bent down and fastened to the shell:
the parts In each case taperinR from q tnickness
S s6n = inches Z ,n g 81 3 i sSR 70 n Z iG afsS.s ct 'S SSd 0G Il
inches high projects through the horizontal part
q the upper, plate. WHICH Is intended to GroteGs
the pilots head. Another tube. 80 inches IN
diameter and II inches high, rises just abaft OF
the other. through which tho airshaft and
ing, placed concontrically, and operated by
hydraulic pressure so az to be capable OF pelhg
s sSisss s 81 t lsT' Ioss a Sb e feet q 'r RPfds IN shS
centre at its base and 4 feet wide at the top In
closes the companion ways and turret 60 asto
ance OF the water Is reduced while the vessel 10
running submerged and awash.
The primary object In q torpedo attack 10, OF
the crew must DC considered as far as is compact
i TSs, M has t Sesn ae ene Ui the a Ssraess o. Questions sai oSH to
deal with in tho torpedo boat. and of the SUP
questions involved under this head probably the
the Holland boat ample provision has boon mado
for each. The question OF light was not impor.
good supply OF fresh air while the vessel is un-
der water. Provision for this is mado by o large
supply OF SOmpreSsed air, carried tsd in manganese
The vessel has sufficient reserve OF buoyancy
TO insure her rising to the surface in case of &c
two tons OF water can be pumped out by hand
pumps. She is built with sufficient strength to
depth of is fathoms. and s~rransements are made
TO prevent her, automatically from descending
SsjGw . .I sr Sisss5 Under ds sBs BOTTOM nss k kisS oSn,
ballast chambers can be flooded and the vessel
valve is also placed in each auxiliary water
chamber. =.
care, and only well-drilled men will DO able to
perform the many duties In connection with the
diving and ascending. Suppose. for In;
speed ahead. with air shaft and sn,okestack up
and in place, whun. to avoid an enemy or ad.
feet, it is necessary to disappear suddenly under
the water. The Kingston valves on the bottom
Il these .e1 spaces aces il allow allowed dt to S sseape through CHE valves i e.
placed AZ their upper ends. The blower e
tight. The smokestack is telescoped, while the
cover of the aperture through which 1t passes
tightly ciamped. This requires a very few sec
onds, and, in the meantime, the little vessel 10
Fa While si resaSin and th Is P' eondiiio s1m sSs f is in the
direction which II Is intended to make. the steam
being used until the pressure in the boiler is
the exact course a friction clutch connected TO
a drag by which the vessel is stored is thrown
| nected with the friction clutch, and the vessel
will continue on her course. At the Same time
END ehSs sS OF the So ri ema nn Tud sansss to 'h tip n pGrTt the
boat ,dcscends.. When nearly, at, the depth at
which it is intended 70 run the lever is moved
vessel kept at the required depth By tho adjust.
ment OF the rudders and apparatus provided
hdesired, the adjustment may DO made before
the vessel descends. About one minute after the
exhausted. when the steam gear - changed Oh,
the largo dynamo started. and the friction
Win the p power sae fr eas the s Storage 'I batter GesN the
vessel then proceeds ON her submerged run. II
sssiF se Z, Easily iaf s' doe or S s;o lst Thsn i in q iis.Is s sa:'
can be overcome by setting the two vertical
ward thrust IS created. Either end Of the boa,
may be elevated by reversing the screw at tina,
bow end. the small screw forward is made tc
exert q thrust upward, while the one aft exert.
a q +. th ~ b,i GSW INV res.s Th nc anna may Ss % so 81 feE inHiins
ton deslred. II 1t il desired to remain below tn,
surface without going to the bottom. the boat
can be anchored, II ON soundings. instead Of ex
pending power to overcome the small reserve
buoyancy. and by adjusting the apparatus thai
controls the horizontal rudders the vessel can b.
kept at the same depth.
When necessary TO come near the surface fol
observing the enemy, either when running OF
lying to, the camera lucida placed between tn,
projections on the turret may be raised by mean
Of q hydraulic cylinder inside Of Ii, and It can b
revolved 30 that the entire horizon can be sweep
with tho eye. On the other hand. II desirable
the vessel can be brought to the surface and
much more satisfactory result obtained, and tina
without the slightest danger, for even II Aighte,
she could dive SO very quickly that she cOul'
II necessary to do 30. the boat could remain
under water for more than six hours withou
injury TO the crew, for fifty cubic feet of com
pressed air are carried in the air reservoirs.
The vessel may DO brought to the surface Il
one of several different ways. depending upoi
the conditions. II at anchor at q depth o
twenty or thirty feet. II Is only necessary u
weigh anchor, and the upward pressure due Il
the reserve of buoyancy brings her to the sur
face. II running submerged, abe can be steere'
to the surface by the horizontal rudders. whel
the ballast tanks can be emptied by an eJector
This maneuvre can be performed almost a
quickly as that Of diving. II necessary. by exert
ing an air pressure from the reservoirs over tn
water In the ballast compartments. and the
will be emptied very quickly.