davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21

strength of a storage battery may be
compared to that of a quantity of
twigs bound together in a bundle. I he
discharge from a single cell is only u
small affair, the swapping of tiny
spark, but the discharge from some
hundreds of cells properly connected
may be enough to knock a man down.
In Professor TrowDridge's battery each
cell is a glass test tube about five
inches long and one inch in diameter,
containing strips of lead insulated
from each other by rubber bands, and
supported at the open ends of the
tube by wooden blocks. These blocks
are arranged in cases, with about 400
tubes to the case. Then these cases
are ranged on shelves built around the
walls and I'D from the floors in the
part of the laboratory given to the
battery. A test tube isn't very large,
but when YOU have 10000 test Tubes
brought together in this way it is
astonishing how much space they &C.
cUpy. and three good-sized rooms
packed solidly with shelves and cases
are scarcely sufficient TO accommodate
this monster high tension generator.
OF course the cells may be connected
IN various ways, and the backs az the
shelves are covered with switches.
which make it possible TO use the cases
separately or all together, or in any
desired combination.
How Creat shock could one get
from this battery" was one of the first
questions I asked in the course of a
recent visit to the laboratory.
a shock of 10000 volts,' answered
one Of the assistant professors. and
in volume sufficient to kill a man.
got shock myself the other day from
only one-tenth or the battery. and I
assure you don't want to have Z re-
peated. 1 suffered from it for hours
afterward. Why. even the shock from
one of these cases of only 400 cells will
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21

hangs the fate of hundreds of human
lives, and as long ago as 1857 an in
genious person devised flag language
which he styled the Commercial
Code" This system was adopted by
seafaring men belonging to Great Brit
ain, Russia, Austria France. Germany.
America, Sweden, Denmark, Holland.
Greece, Italy, Brazil, Spain and Por-
tugal. This code, which is embodied in
the Commercial Code" was much the
same as the international system" or
the present period. In this last-named
system there are is flags, divided into
one burgee, four penantS and Is square
flags. These IS flags represent the Is
consOnant letters of the alphabet and
constitute the cypherS of the code In
addition to the international there is
also code pennant which is made to
do service as a code signal, while it
also serves as the codes answering
signal. The drawings that follow des-
ignate the Specifications of the respect
i've flags.
The ensuing description gives an idea
of the color and general makeup of
the 10 flags and the letters of the al
phabet that they represent:
Burgee-B-Red, swallow tail.
Pennants-C-White, with red spots;
D-Blue, with white spot; G-Yellow-
blue in two vertical stripes.
vertical stripes; J-Blue- white-b blue, in
three horizontal stripes; K-Yellow-
blue in two vertical stripes; L-Blue
and yellow in four alternate checks;
M-Blue. with white diagonal cross;
N-Blue and white, in 16 alternate
checks; P-Blue with white centers:
Q-Yellow, quarantine: R-Red. with
yellow right cross; S-White, with blue
center; T-Red-w hite-blue. in three
vertical stripes; WHITE, with red
diagonal cross; -Blue-white-red, In
three borders.
Code pennant-Code signal-Red and
white, In five vertical stripes. This
code is also utilized as an answering
signal.
There are often times that ships pass
ing in opposite directions find them
selves many miles apart with a savage
sea running between them, and for the
accumulation of such distances there
is a special code made by the setting of
certain signals, which are known as
distance signals, drawings of which
follow:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21

limit has been reached in the Lick and
Yerkes telescopes. On the other hand,
1T is possible to make small lenses, say
of less than six inches in diameter, of
very great accuracy, and rapidly and
cheaply In the Lowe telescope 100 or
more of these small lenses will be set
either in metal or Opaque glass. to form
an objective from so to y inches in di-
ameter-the height of a tail man. Yet
more remarkable. the focal length of
this great sectional lens will not CORE
spond to that of a single piece lens of
the same diameter, but will have
focal length simply of that of each of
the sections. Thus. while the barrel of
the Lick telescope is about g. feet long,
that of the Lowe telescope will not be
more than Is or 20 feet. The noun. ~
a telescope is made of steel and re-
ouires very strong and at the same
time a very delicate mechanism for its
manipulation. Weighing far less than
the Lick. the cost of the mount of the
Lowe telescope. like its lens, VIII be
comparatively small. and no monster
glass-rOof observatory will be required
for its housing Yet further. Professor
Lowe believes that the new telescope
will not only be capable of much finer
work than any glass now in existence,
on account of its size, but that il would
do this were its diameter equal only
TO that of the Lick or Yerkes. A lens
a yard in diameter. made of a single
piece of glass. is exceedingly sensitive
to the minute variations of tempera-
ture. So. it often happens that you
ascend Mt. Hamilton, where the Lick
observatory is located, on what seems
to you a clear and absolutely perfect
day, or night, and the astronomer in
charge surprises you by saying that
conditions are not good. There is a
bad atmosphere" This does not
mean that the heavens are not perfect
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21

The following alphabetical arrange
ment reveals portion of the Language
used through the international code:
B-Ask name of ship or signal il
sight
eyes.
D-No.
F-Repeat signal or hoist it in more
conspicuous place.
G-Cannot distinguish your flags
Come nearer or make distance signals
H-You may communicate by the
semaphore. if you please.
J-Stop or bring to. Something to
communicate.
K-Have you any kilograms or dis
patches for me?
L-Want a pilot. Can have one?
M-Want a tug. Can 1 have one?
N-What is the meteorological
weather forecast?
P-Car attention of signal station in
sight.
Q-vessel asks for orders by tele-
graph from owner, Mr.. - at -.
R-Report me by telegraph to my
owner. Mr.. - at -
S-send the following message by
telegraph.
T-Send the following message by
signal letters through the telegraph.
Some of the examples of the signals
used in the code may be found as fol-
lows:
Two-hag signal, with burgee upper
most:
l. Attention or demand; B. D..
meaning What ship is that?"
2. H B. meaning Vessels that wish
to be reported all well, show you dis
tinguished signals"
Two-fiag signal, with pennant upper
most:
8. Compass; G T, meaning north by
west
Two-fiag signal, with square flag up
Dermost:
4. Urgent. danger or distress; n V.
meaning I'm sinking"
5. Urgent. danger or distress; P F,
meaning Want boats Immediately"
Three-hag signal:
g. General: d K, meaning DO you
come from any port putting you in
ouarantine?"
I. General; G L C. meaning when
were your last observations for lati-
tude?''
s. General; H t F, meaning During
the monsoon"
9. General; L P H. meaning, viii
the sounding be a safe guide?"
10. General; P Q H, meaning, Tell
my owner ship answers remarkably
WELL
Four-fag signals. with burgee upper
most:
IL. Geographical; B N C W, mean
ing "Moreton Bay"
Four-flag signal. with pennant C up
permost:
Y. Man-of-war; G T V R, meaning
III N ship Sultan"
Four-fiag signal, with square flag
13. Merchant vessel; X NJ T V.
meaning The steamer Baltic of Liver
pool. Z"
Four-fag signals. with pennant C. D
or F uppermost:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21

L S-Put out to sea at once; get an
offing.
L V-shift your berth; your berth is
unsafe.
NJ L-Quit the vessel as fast as pos
sible.
n C-In distress; want assistance.
n d. must abandon the vessel.
n EDO not abandon me.
n CT am unmanageable.
n HI am on fire.
n P-Fire gains rapidly; take people
N 81 have sprung a leak
n LEAK gaining rapidly.
n VI am linking.
p C-Want assistance; mutiny.
P D-Want immediate assistance.
P F-Want boat or boats immedi-
ateIy.
P H-Want food; starving.
P Want coal Immediately.
P k-Want an anchor.
P S-Want hands.
Q C-Repeat signal
In order to provide signals by night
there are various codes used, including
the distress gun, this being fired at
intervals of one minute. In extreme
cases barrels of tar or oil are burned
upon the deck. At other times shells
or rockets of various colors are fired
at brief intervals.
In addition to. and used in connec-
ton with. the international signal code
one of the most nOtsble is known as
the semaphore system. 1t consists of
masts, each of which is furnished with
three arms, there being IS of these
masts which stand respectively for the
letters B, c, D, F. G. H, ]. *, L. NJ. n,
P, Q, R, S. T. V, W. The masts are
utilized for long distance signal work
after the following plan:
l. The disk at the top of the mast
indicates that signals are being made
by the international code, and it must
remain there while so signalling. It
is a large, black disk with white rim.
.. Any arm pointing downward rep
resents a pennant.
8. Any arm in q horizontal position
represents a ball.
4. Any arm pointing upward repre-
sents a flag.
When the arms are idle they are in
visible. lying parallel with the masts
The ensuing table viii give an idea Of
what the semaphore system is like:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21
Poet of the English-speaking Race

Browning as a Poet of the Plain
People," by F. Herbert Stead in Feb
ruary Review of Reviews: Glance
round the world in the Victorian age
and observe the part played by that
weariless Titan-the English speaking
race: then turn to the poets of our
time; think them over one by one;
hear their messages; mark their spirit.
and see if there De any in the holy
choir Who like Browning. voices the
world mastering genius of our people.
Only he sounds the deep music of our
century of triumph. His robust and
even rugged virility. his. dauntlesS
buoyancy, his .intrepidity, his glorious
cOncreteness. his scorn of mere INTEL
lect, his insistence on action, his en-
phasis on WILL his feeling for the ccrn-
mon folk. his absolute loyalty to ne
senctities of home. his world wide
sympathies. his preference for simple
forms Of worship, his profound relig-
iOuS faith-dO not these things show
the age and body of the time, his
form and pressure" aye. and very
sOul2 These are certainly not traits
of the pale and often nervelesS CO.
teries of culture" or of the British
pcople-the pe9ple-the actual sub luers
of nature and conquerors of the globe.
Only the optimism of Browning does
justice to their expansive and exuber-
ant energies. Did ever the English
mans inability TO know when he was
beaten receive sublimer expression
than in Browning's glorifcation of fall
ure, And in his occasional obscure
ties are we not reminded of that ele-
ment of inarticulateness which was
conspicuous in Cromwell. and is char
acteristic of the English folki Blu -
both people and poet can speak out
most clearly when they are moved to
do.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21

Referring again to the international
signals, which the various vessels
carry as they stagger about over the
drunken sea, it is of deep interest to
know something about their mute Ian
guage. The waving tongues of these
flags speak as if from the briny throat
of Neptune, and some of the messages
that they send from vessel to sister
vessel are these:
H B-Want immediate assistance.
H D-No assistance can be rendered.
H Eve are coming to your as
sistance.
II BOAT, or lifeboat, cannot come.
II K-Boat in distress.
II lido not attempt to land your
own boats.
H. M-Man overheard.
H damaged mast; cannot sail
H V-Damaged rudder; cannot steer
II W-Machinery disabled.
B-Accident; want surgeon
D-You are standing into danger.
F-You are in dangerous posi-
ton.
) P-Heavy weather coming; look
sharp. ss
x D-stand by.
K o-Channel has altered; do not
try it.
K R-Dangerous without a pilot.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21

The detailed explorations of Messrs ].
V. Brewer. James Blair. William NJ.
Culver and Henry Hackett during the
wears 1925 and 1896 give to the world all
the geographical details connected with
the headwaters of what is seemingly
the longest continuous unbroken cur
rent of running water in the world =
namely. the Missouri river. This giant
stream, which from its ultimate source
to its mouth Through the Mississippi
in the Gulf of Mexico. is now carefully
computed 10 have a length Of All miles,
rises in a caldera assumed to be of "ol-
canic origin near the crest of the Rocky
mountains. at the upper teastern) por-
ton of Culver's canon. in the state of
Montana. Thence II flows westwardly
and northwardiy through glaciated val
leys, and under the successive names of
Rad river. Beaver Head river, and the
Jefferson fork. passes the mouths of
the Madison and Gallatin to become the
main stream. which unites with the
Mississippi few miles above 81. LOUIS
The ultimate source of the stream is To-
Gated in lat. AZ So N. and long. liz 80
W. and at an elevation of 5000 feet above
the sea. The mountain peaks OF greatest
elevation that dominate the region of
the source are: Brown peak. II. COO feet:
Crater peak. 11.56J feet. and Blair noun
tain. 10000 feet. The explorations. which
were largely undertaken for the purpose
of marking the Montana-Idaho state line.
were accomplished under great difficulties
and hardships. and. as stated by Mr..
Brewer, were conducted principally on
Snow-ca pped peaks where several snow
slides had occurred recently; during the
latter part of June of the past year snow
from 20 to 80 feet in depth was frequent
ly encountered, while the ice in Blair lake
wars solid and firm and of a blush green
color. Landmarks were established COM
-letely to the summit of Blair mountain.
IAN immense pile of natures accumula-
ton, standing one-fourth in Montana and
in Idaho
A. HEILPRIN.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21
Is the Presence of Microbes Essential
to LifeP-Conclusive Experiments
of Two Berlin Professors.

The important part played by bacteria
and other microbes in the economy of
life. as is indicated by their breaking up
tissues and bringing about general or
ganic dissertations, has suggested to
some naturalists that their presence was
an absolute necessity to the condition
of life among most of the higher animals.
and the late NJ. Pasteur expressed be-
lief. although not a conviction. that an
animal nourished from its earliest ex-
istence on sterilized food could not live
long. In order to test so important
biological question. Messrs. George Nut
tall and II. Therfelder have lately car
ried out a series of exhaustive expert
ments IN the hygienic institute of the
Berlin university on young guinea pigs.
which had been removed from the mother
by means of the caesarean operation.
The young animals were placed in
steriliZed chamber, supplied with Sterilized
air, and We're fed exclusively upon
steriliZed milk. every precaution being at
the same time used to prevent access of
bacteria. Food was supplied every hour
of both day and night, and when both in
vestigators had become completely ex
hausted through their arduous work, the
animal was Killed, and microscopic
examination made of its alimentary ca
detected. The animal had in the period
of its nouriShment consumed $50 cubic
centimeters of milk. and when killed
was to all appearances in perfect health
and spirits.
From these experiments Nuttall and
Theirfelder conclude that the presence
of bacteria in the alimentary canal is
not essential to vital processes. so long
as the food supplied is of an animal ma
ture: and they believe that the result
touches not only the guinea pig but
other animals as well. including man.
Subsequent experiments made with
vegetable diet-the food selected being
English" biscuits, containing about
per cent heterogeneous material 3 per cent
fat. II per cent sugar 90 per cent of other
neutrality-suspicious. matters and o. per cent
about much the same
general result-if anything, only empha-
sizing it. The experiments were conduct
ed over a period of 10 days. and during
this time one of the animals had gained
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM.

vino will begin to distinguish colors. and
these transmitting to their descendan hts
this marvellous new accomplishment. will
give rise to a race that for the moment.
that is to say for n few million years.
will be the foremost in the files of time.
So we may trace the ascending series up
to man himself. without a break. without
a single missing link" Our eyes came
as all our faculties have come. simply in
response. to a deep want which. Incl
dentally. was born when our present
earth was floating in the womb of cos
mos.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21

The Ultimate Sources of the Missouri
Success Of the Exploration Body
Which For Two Years Has Been
Exploring the Headwaters of the
Giant Stresm-The Length Now
Definitely Fixed at 4,221 Miles.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-02-21

The following alphabetical arrange
ment reveals a portion of the language
used through the international code:
B-Ask name of ship or signal in
sight.
Semi=weekly graphic., 1897-03-10
Vice President steveDson's Fare
 we'll.
Mrs. Cleveland Presents Her Success sor, as Mistress of the White House, With Beauti.
 ful Roses.
Special Correspondence.

WASHINGTON, D. C., March 6, 1S97-
 March 4th, 1897 was ushered in with beautiful sunlight and clear atmosphere. Nature seemed to smile upon the occasion. The day was notable one in the history of America for it relieved the country of the administration of Grover Cleveland. The inauguration of Major Mckinley as President opens to the American people new era and change in the methods of ad- ministration.
 At Il o'clock the Presidential salute was fired and the President and President-elect took to their carriage to go to the Capitol to at tend the inaugural ceremonies. At 12 o'clock William Mckinley was sworn in as President of the United States and immediately thereafter delivered his inaugural address be- fore an audience of perhaps 150, ,000 people.
 The Presidents address was short and well-timed, touching upon but few salient points. He outlined the principles of his administration in favor of an increased protective tariff. He also favored internation- al bimetallism, and his address com mitted his administration to the carrying cut of that principle to the utmost of his ability. In matters of foreign policy. he favors peace and arbitration, but was very de- cided that American citizens in other countries should have their legal rights respected. He also declared that Congress would be convened on the 15 of this month for the purpose of carrying out the tariff and mone- tary reform measures.
 Of the parade, too much cannot be said. While it is not the largest that has ever been seen in Washington the arrangements were more perfect and the display more beautiful. It
 was estimated that some 50,000 were In line.
 Immediately after the President {
 return to the White House, Mr | Cleveland bid him goodbye and
 took carriage for the Potomac
 River, and left the city on one of th' l Government Light House Tender.
 for q fishing expedition in Nortl
 Carolina. Mrs. Cleveland left thu White House with the love and ad miration of the American people : She greeted Mrs. Mckinley upon he return from the inauguration wei coming her to the White House. he
 new home, presenting her beaut
 ful bouquet of American Beaut ]. roses, bade her goodbye and left fe
Semi=weekly graphic., 1897-03-10
NO. 86

before, is true, but with the firm re- liauce that he envoked in his inanq- ural address of the aid and aasist- ance of Almighty God. he hopes to succeed.
 The Inaugural Ball was q scene of the greatest splendor, being at tended by thousands, President Me Kinley and his wife being there a short time during the evening.
 The display of fireworks on the grounds of the Washington Monu- ment was grand in the extreme.
 Altogether, the Inauguration was q success, the exit of MT. Cleveland the installation of Major Mckinley source of profound relief, and being ushered in us he was under the brightest skys and most balmy weather, it is argued that 1t Is an omen Of increased prosperity and better times for this distracted coun- try. May God speed it's coming.
Semi=weekly graphic., 1897-03-10

office of Vice-President with the great respect and kindest regards of all American citizens. It is acknow- ledged by all that he has been an i'm partial, just and gentlemanly pre- siding officer.
 Several notable foreigners came to America to witness theinauguration of. President Mckinley. Perhaps the most notable was the son Of the dis tiuguished gener al and patriot Garabaldi, of Italy
 The Senate has many new faces in it, the following are the new Sena- tors.-Alabama, ". Puttis; Georgia, A. s. Clay; Idaho, Henry Heitfield; Illinois, William F. Mason; Indiana, Charles w Fairbank; Kaneas, Will liam 0, Harris; Louisiana, Samuel D. McEnery; Maryland, George L. Wellington; New York, Thomas c. Platt; Ohio, Joseph B. Foraker; Pennsylvania, Boies Penrosc; South Carolina, Joseph H. Earle; Wash ington, George Turner; Wisconsin, John c. Spooner; Utah, Joseph L. fitsi ii tsiaiiiiis " aiiiiiiiiss.
 Old Senators reelected: :-Allison, Gallinger, Hansburg, Jones, of Ark ansas, Jones, oi Nevada, Kyle, Nor Til, Perkins, Platt, of Connecticut, Pritchards, Tellar and Vest.
 The mother and wife of President Mckinley, were very much inter- ested and earnest witnesses Of the elevation of their son and husband to the highest office in the gift of the American people. Mother McKin- ley is woman who shows by her look, to be of great moral strength and the family resemblance of all the Mcl<inleys are very strongly stamp edawith her Individuality. Whether Major Mckinley shall succeed in be- ing good President, of one thing the country may feel sure, that he will bring to his efforts an honest in- | tention and purpose of doing that | NHlcH is DeSls iOi lHc WHOle Alnefi- can people. It should be the duty of
 all to try to make his administra- l tion Il success, for the country is in
 the tbroes of depression such as has
 never been known before. If Presi | dent Mckinley and the Republican
 party succeed in restoring prosper r ity it will be the accomplishment o
 the wishes and hopes of all true pat riots That he has got a hard job : and commences his administration 7 under more distressing cireum r stances than ever a President di