The daily morning journal and courier., 1897-06-09
HOW THE POWERS HOPE TC
 PROFIT.

ways TOT HeTSelL--EaCn BlL Ol IOltl- mental Europe Has Its Jealousies and Its Own Selfish Ambitions.
 An European diplomat whose station is now in this country, summarized for the Press the stakes for which the great powers are playing in the east as fol- lows;
 England wants-First, to keep Rus sia out of Constantinople; second Crete and any other old piece of property that may be left lying around loose. Russia wants-First, Constantino- pie; second. control of the mouths of the Danube and more Asiatic territory. Austria wants-First, Salonica; sec ond, to regain her lost prestige on the Adriatio and to figure again as a great German power.
 Italy wants-First, Tripoli; second, some strong place on the eastern side of the Adriatic, so as to control that sea.
 Germany wants-First to push Aus tria east; second, to extend her colonial empire, to increase her maritime inter- ests, to annex the purely German prov inces of Austria and to get another lit tie slice of France.
 
 place among the European powers as a dominant state; second, revenge on Germany and an extension of her colo nial empire"
 The diplomat explains his theories in this way: He says, England cares very little about how the continent of Europe is divided up so long as the pathways of the sea are kept open to her and the integrity of her vast colon1- al empire is not threatened. She does not want Russia to get Constantlnople, which would mean the possession Of the Phosphorus and the Dardanelles, and through those passageways Russia conld pour great fleets from the Black Sea which would threaten the suprema- cy of England in the Mediterranean and enable the great northern power to cut the British off from their pathway to India by way of the Suez canal. It would be sorry day for England when the Russian flag waved over Constantl- nople, and England knows it.
 T believe that England wants Crete. Cyprus has been rather failure, but in Crete she can get what she did not get in Cyprus, a harbor capable of being strongly fortified, as good harbor for her purposes as that of Valetta in Nal ta. With the possession of Crete her chain of Actresses guarding the way to the mouth of the Suez canal would be practically complete. Also, of course, any nice little piece of unim- proved property which may come in England's way as the result of the squabbles of the continental powers among themselves she would not object to-at least she never has objected to any such little morsel which was to be picked up in times past.
 "As to Russia, there never was such a tremendous empire so hemmed in from the sea. She practically to-day has no ports from which her ships can sail the oceans. She has struggled to make a port on the Baltic, but it is practically useless for great mercantile purposes. On the Pacific, Vladivostock Is too far north ever to be mercantile port of importance. But around the Black sea Russia has built up great empire; but gradually her arms have swept south ward and eastward and westward around 1t until now she has on the shores of the Black sea many ports con-
 
 these railroads running to wheat fields and oil fields and tapping all the great natural wealth of her vast possessions On the Black sea are strong fortifica- tions, dry-doeks and shipbuildine plants, from which can be turned out either ships of peace or ships of'war
 Russia, I firmly believe, Is carrying out the testament of Peter the Great He left as a legacy to all the Romanoffs the mandate to make the Bosphorus the free so that the ships of Russia might sail the seas to the pillars of Hercules Russia desires to become a maritime power. She realizes that the measure of her greatness is not fulfilled until she has become one. Russia has al ready control of one of the mouths ot the Danube and desires to make hel empire on the Black sea complete by obtaining control of all the mouths ot the great river.
 ''As to her desire for Asiatic territory China and Corea must afford her terri. tory upon which to build those ports which would make her great maya power in the Pacific ocean. In Centra Asia she desires to get all she can, 1T OrueF to prevent IL ITOHl ldHillS lIllO llle hands of the British and the terri tory she gets in Central Asia, the nearer she gets to the Indian frontier the more surely can she hold her great rival, England, in check. Other nation: may rise and fall and fight and blustel as they will, but the two great contend ing forces in Europe and in Asia arc England and Russia. Their battle is z battle not fought in a day or a year, bu a great hereditary struggle and, watch ing 1t, the affairs of the other nations seem Insignificant.
 Germany, which is now playing sucf an important part in the affairs of Con tinental Europe, has, whatever may seem on the surface, as her primal idef 10 push Austria to the east. The Aus tro-Hungarian empire Is not admitted by the Germans to be Germanic em pire Prussia fought with wars and di plomacy since the time of Frederick the Great to prevent Austria from having z dominating influence in German affairs Rather, I should say, the struggle a first to prevent her from having dom mating influence, and afterward to pre- vent her from having any influence a all, Frederick the Great tore from Sile sia and other German provinces; Bis marck excluded her entirely from thu offairs of fba Garp1ap states and will