The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-08-17
RALEIGH. N. G.. AUGUST II, 1897.
HORTICULTURAL

4Eu16 raising as uncertain anu unpE0uG-
able, while others have regaI ded it as
impossible. But the horticulturists of
the Experiment Station of the State,
after a careful study, ia positive that
her people can easily raise enough OF
apples, pIums and most small fruits to
supply the home demand and soma to
sell.
Enough is already known to make
ont small list of varieties that may
be safely recommended for extensive
planting, and this list will probably
grow from year to year. The heavy
fruit crop borne by the few trees in
the State in 1885, has given new cour-
age to many planters.
To save much loss and discourage
ment from unwise planting and faulty
treatment, this bulletin is intended as
general guide.
While apples no less hardy than
Duchess can be safely planted in the
north half of the State, old orchards
along the Missouri river near the south
border of the State contain in flourish
ing condition, Haas, Plumb's Cider,
Famous, Perry Rueset. Usser's Red,
Willow Twig. TallmansSweet, R4wIe's
Jauet and Ben Davis.
Apdles Of the fires degree of hardi
ness are Duchess, Hibernal and Char
lamoft. o. second degree, Wealthy,
Longdeld, Tetofeky, Melinda. For
trial, Patterns Gteening, Okabena,
Peerless, Repka Malenka, Yellow
Sweet, Gilbert Breet, Christmas,
Blushed Collville, Cross Alb, White
Pigeon.
OF crabs, Virginia, Martha, Whit
ney, Early Strawberry, Minnesota,
Sweet Russet, Gideon's No. 6, Briar
street,, Tonka and Powers are recon-
mended.
Apple trees budded or grated in the
ordinary way on common Seeding
stocks will not stand the winters of
the northwest. But one Seeding in
thousand is eufi GENTLY hardy. The
ardy rcion must be at least 6 or s
inches long and must be grated on
short root piece and then set down so
deep that only the top bud will show
above ground. The scion will then
soon throw out q system of roots Of It's
own which will be as hardy as the
scion itself.
In R1ssia apple trees intended for
severe climates are budded on the
hardest Siberian crabs. This dwarfs
the tree somewhat, but they are hardy
and bear two years earlier than those
on apply roots.
The station is yearly planting apple
seeds in large quantities with the hope
of getting sew seedlings Of iror clad
hardness that will bear an abundance
of good fruit and are crossing with
Russian varieties Fruit growers of
the State are urged to plant seeds from
the hardest varieties, as few excel
lent results may follow.
The best location for the orchard in
Dakota is the highest land on the place
and north ortheast slope is best, with
out any shelter belt. One year old
trees are better for planting than those
that are older, and early spring is the
best time. Lean the stems southwest,
and protest from the o'clock sun by
a board driven into the ground. Low
heading is best. ..
Give clean cultivation and never
grow any crop in the orchard in dry
country, as the crop robs the trees Of
needed moisture. Pfune very little
and that in June, Train with cen
trel stem through the top, as high
winds split forks. Protect from mice
and rabbits. Wire screen is good for
this purpose. A woven wire fence of
small mesh is the best protection
against rabbits. Fight borers and in
sects in the usual ways.
The best plums for South Dakota
are Wyant, DeSoto, Wolf, Rolling
stone, Ssoddard, HeWkeye, Rockford
and Forest Garden, and these are
worthless unless budden on the hardy
northern wild plum, raised from wild
seed. Intermingle few OF the best
wild trees among the budded ones and
there will be more fruit. Head low
end give clean culture.
The station is growing lot of seed
ling cherries from pits obtainined from
Russian Meunonites in Minnesota, and
hopes to obtain some good varieties
that will be hardy in the northwest.
OF raspberries, Turner, Marlboro
and Cu5hbert, of reds, and Older,
Nemeha, and OHIO, of the black caps,
will not winter kill il laid down and