The sun., 1897-06-18
REPORT OF SECRETARY SHERMAN.

FRANCIS MARCH hATUH.
''LoRIN A. THU URsToN,
WILLIAM KINNEY.
REPORT OF SECRETARY SHERMAN.
Accompany ying the message was the following
report from Secretary Sherman:
ITO the President: The undersigned Secretary
OF State has the honor to lay before the President
for the public interest to do SO, treaty sisnsd
in the city OF Washington on the 18th inst. by
ae and by s OF
whereby the islands constituting the said repub-
lie and all their dependencies are fully and Alb
solutely ceded to the United States of America
forever. 1t does not seem necessary to the
present purpose Of the undersigned to review
cession was signed on Feb u and submitted to
the Senate, being subsequently, withdrawn by
"The negotiation which has eliminated in
the treaty now submitted has not been mere
s Ssso a nut nde
pendent lines. Then an abrupt revolutionary
movement bad brought about the dethronement
Of the late Queen and set up instead of the there
tofore titular monarchy provisional Govern
ment for the control and management OF public
such Government to exist only until terms OF
union with the United States should & have been
tuted. its promoters claimed for it only de facto
existence until the purpose OF annexation H in
the United States became an uncertain contin-
gency. the organization of the Hawaiian com
monwealth underwent necessary changes; the
temporary character OF its first Government
gave place to permanent scheme, under a con
electors of the islands, administration by an e1-
ecutive council not chosen by suffrage but self.
Parliamentary regime and the ability of the
new Government to hold, as the republic
Of % %Hw Psss n 'hs
der at home and fulfilling international obliga-
tons abroad. has been put to the proof. Recog;;
nized by the powers OF the earth, sending and
receiving ENJOYS, enforcing respect for the law.
and maintaining peace within It's island borders.
mission representing a successful revolution.
but the accredited plenipotentiary of a const-
However sufficient may have been the au-
thority of the Commissioners with whom the
however satisfied the President may then have
been of their power to offer the domain OF the
Hawaiian Islands to the the thited @ States the fact
ment. a country whose, Administration had
transition: SoW: however. the republic Of
provision Of article % Of the Ccnstitqtion.
dent, with the approval OF the Cabinet, is hereby
expressly authorized and empowered to mako a
the republic OF Hawaii and tho United States OF
America. subject to the ratification OF tho
Senate ..
been said not a mere renewal of thd tender of
Hawaiian territory made in 1893, but has re.
sponded to the purpose declared in the Hawaiian
Constitution, and the conferences of the plen
potentiaries have been directed to weighing tho
advantages OF the political and commercial
union alternatively proposed. and relatively
considering the scope and extent thereof
purely commerciai union on the lines OF the
German Zollveren could not satisfy the prob
lens OF administration In Hawaii and Of tho
United States. Such a commercial union would
on the one hand deprive tho Hawaiian Govern
tnft tta taf nf
free exchange with tho territory of the United
Shs the % othsr hand
Hawaii the maintenance of an internal rove
te on or else Ts hs hst he
tion OF corresponding branch OF our
dcon had WITH Hawaii sRos
treaty of commercial union. which practically
| asslmiates the two territories with regard to
| many OF their most important productions and
privileges. yet. although that treaty has outlived
manency has at times been araveiy imperilfed.
Under such circumstances. to enter upon tho
union between Hawaii and the United States as
Independently sovereign, without assurance of
and with perpetual sqbtocton k to
countries. was not to be thought of.
Turning, then. TO the various practical forms
ctorate. an offensive and defensive alliance.
and national guarantee were passed In review.
| mated State is the distinguishing feature, and
with 1t the assumption by the paramount State
| OF the relative interests and the distance sepa-
rating the two countries could not fail to ronder
any form OF protective association other unduly
burdensome or ilusory in its benefits SO far as
the protecting State is concerned; while any at
tempt to counteract this by tributary depend
cnce or measure OF suzerain control would be
| ID retrograde movement toward a feudal or colo
nial establishment alike inexpedient and incom-
patirble with our national policy.
| There remained, therefore, the annexation
Of the islands and their absorption into the polt-
solution satisfying all the given conditions and
promising permanency and mutual benefit; Tho
thus substantially reverting to tho original pro.
posai OF 1893. and necessarily adopting many
Of these the negotiators have been constpaned Ss
and limited by the ,H GHongtTit!ntiS9pal Tn!nS bowers
| in previous instances when the United States
has acquired territory by treaty, 1t has been
necessary TO reserve all the organic provisions
In the case of the transfer TO the United States
OF the part of the domain of u tltular sovereign,
Florida by Spain, or OF Alaska by Russia. II il
| the more requisite when the act Is not cession.
| but union, involving the complete Incorporation
Of an alien sovereignty into the body polite of
| the United States.
cluded during President Grants Adminlstra-
ton, Nov. 20 1860. for the annexation OF the
| Dominican Republic TO the United States Fol-
| lowing that example, the treaty now signed by
the Plenipotentiares OF the United States and
| the republic of Hawaii reserves TO the Congress
| OF the United States the determination OF all
questions affecting the form OF government OF
| the annexed territory, the citizenship and eleG
! tive franchise OF its inhabitants and tho man
| ner in which the laws OF tho United States are
| TO be extended To the islands.
" In order that this independence OF the Con;
! gress shall bo complete and unquestionable, and
| pursuant TO the recognized doctrine of public
| law that treaties expire with the independent
| life OF the contracting state. there has been in
| proviso for the determination OF all treaties
| heretofore concluded by Hawaii with foreign
| treaties Of the Unitod States. This leaves Con