davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
FOR THE FARMERS.
Some Interesting News for the
RuraIist
SPOKEN OF IN THIS COLUMN.
Feu Sensible hints to Suit the Busy
Agriculturist.-Items That May
Benefit our Readers.
Grape Pruning.

Rather more than any other kind Of
fruit, unless we except the peach, the
grape requires annual and severe prun-
ing. If not properly pruned a Vigor-
Gus, thrifty grape vine will almost in
variably set more fruit than it can
mature we'll, and this excessive draft
on the vitality of the vine so cripples
it that little or no fruit is secured the
next season. To this may be added
the fact that with any tree or vine
when too much fruit is allowed 70 ma
ture the quality is almost invariably
lowered.
1t is necessary that the pruning be
done during the winter, and it should
be completed before the sap starts in
the spring. Otherwise the vine will
bleed, and bleeding is always injuri-
Gus. The work can be done at any
time during the winter that the
weather will permit, and that the vine
is not frozen. Generally it will be
safe to cut away fully half Of the prev
ious seasons growth, as it is on the
last seasons growth Of wood that the
fruit is produced. But in pruning it
should be remembered that the best
canes for fruit bearing are the larger
ones. Hence in pruning, as a rule, it
will be best to cut off about one third
Of the growth Of the larger, more
thrifty canes, and remove the smaller
canes entirely, sometimes even to the
extent OF cutting away some of the
older wood.
OF course there are exceptions.
Sometimes the weaker causes may be
so situated that it will be desirable to
have them for bearing wood next year,
and when this is the case it will be
best to cut back to the third bud,
counting from the base of the cane.
The third bud is usually the first per-
feet bud produced.
One advantage in judicious pruning
In good season is that in the number
of clusters at least, it reduces the
quantity Of fruit for the vine to ma.
ture. while it improves the quality.
IL should be remembered with all
plants it is the production and matur-
ing of seeds that is the heaviest drain
on the vitality of the plants, and good
pruning lessons this.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10

Ihis disease is prevalent in King,
county, says N. w. Motheral of Han
ford. 1t can be readily recognized b,
a strip OF dead bark ON the top of the
iimb, resembling fire-blight or pear.
blight, and is mistaken by some 70,
sun. burn. Ii is regular blight and
VIII eventually kill the tree if the
ilmb Is not cut off below the diseased
part, and when this is done the knife
or saw used must be disinfected. A
good disinrectant for this purpose is a
solution of blue-stone made pretty
strong. This disease attacks the most
vigorous trees in the richest and hest
soils, and all of the trees that the
author has examined that were badly
anected with this blight were also
oaoly diseased at the root with root
knot' l do not think the root knot
mas any connection with the blight
except that it lowers the vitality of the
tree and makes it very susceptible 20
the attacks of the disease known as
blight. Both root knot and blight are
thought to be of bacterious origin
biighted trees should be cut hack or
aug out and the branches and tree
burned as this is a contagious disease
hooeknot is not thought to be. Parties
pruning their orchards should wa,oh
very closely for this form of blight ss
~ Is very readily taken for sun.burn.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
Producing Soils.

Extended investigation of our soils
has shown that in California, far more
than in the Eastern States, very few
soil materials exist that would not
naturally produce good crops for some
eight or ten years without fertilis "a
tion, provided they are of sufficient
depth and are adequately supplied
with moisture, says Prof. Hilgard. In
cases forty or fifty years is low esti-
mate for the duration of profitable pro /.
duction. When, therefore, in orchard
or vineyard, it is noticed that after
growing we'll from three to five years.
or even longer, the trees or vines begin
to languisb, sometimes even to die,
1t Is not as rule reasonable to con
clude that it is for want of any needful
ingredient in the soil.
In our dry climate, depth Of the soil
is of the first Importance, since the
roots of culture plants must 20 deep
In order to be secure against the sum.
mer's drought. AS the latter renders
the surface soil, which in the humid
region is the main source of supply to
plants, practically unavailable during
large part of the season Of growth,
it is clear that here, more than any
where, the depth and quality of the
subsoil is Of the greatest Importance,
and should be investigated in all cases
by the intending purchaser of land be.
fore investing. Losses resulting from
the omission of this simple precaution
which have been the more frequent as
the formation of "hardpan" at
depth corresponding more or less to
the penetration of the annual rainfall, :
is of usually frequent occurrence in
this State. The richest surface soil
may be utterly useless for general
farming purposes il underlaid, at a
depth varying according to the nature
OF the soil, from one to four feet, by
hardpan or clay impervious to the
roots OF plants. As rule it is not
practically feasible to maintain, even
by irrigation. a proper supply of mois.
ture in light soil limited in depth by
impervios hardpan at two or three feet,
even in cases where the roots of the
crop do not hsbitually penetrate beyond
that depth; in the case of fruit trees
and vines tthe roots Of which in GER
tam lands are limited only by depth
beyond fifteen or twenty feet) the OBJ.
Jectlons to such lands in their natural
condition is insuperable.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
About Alfalfa.

Alfalfa hay, one of the best of foods
Is robbed of half of its value Tor milk
making by being cut too late, saws the
National Stockman; when it is placed
IN the managers of the COWS a mass OF
dry. woody eteihs. only to be rejected
and dropped under their feet, instead
OF the soft, sweet hay, to be eaten with
a relish, that little forethought could
have so well provided,
Alfalfa pasture alone is not perfect
food. The lack of bone.forming ma.
terial is painfully evidenced by some
OF the calves being born with weak
loins and backs, almost amounting to
ricketts,, when the dams have been
pastured for long periods exclusively
on alfalfa, We are growing oats and
peas to I'LL the new silo, and hope to
cheaper the required portein and grain
succulency at the same time. The
same piece of land in the summer will
raise second crop when planted to
White Dent corn to fill the old silo.
These two crops make more food than
the same land could possibly produce
If planted in alfalfa.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
TRIUMPH OF RUSSIA.
Even Japan Becoming Friendly
Toward the Gar.
GREAT BRITAIN FORCES A CHANGE
IL Germany Gets Kiaschau Russia win
Demand TaIIen-wan or
Port Arthur.

London.-A dispatch to the Daily
Mail from Shanghai says a secret dis.
patch has been issued by the Tsung-Li
Yamen to certain high officials inform.
ing them that Russia warned China
that if Kiaochau were granted to
Germany Russia would demand either
Talien-Wan OF Port Arthur. Accord.
ing to the same dispatch it is asserted
at Shanghai on good authority that
China consents to have Russians at the
head of her customs and railways.
At the present moment, says the
Daily Mails correspondent, there are
10000 Russian troops in Talien- Wan
and Port Arthur. Russian agents
have been sent to Tien-Tsin (the port
of Peking), and to Japan to purchase
coal aud food, 5000 bags of whit d have
been bought at Tien-Tsin.
The Daily Mail says it learns from a
source hitherto accurate" that China
is inclined to make the best possible
bargain with Russia, whose diplomacy
appears to have triumphed at Peking,
England having resolved not to force
a conflict by further opposing Russia's
claims at Port Arthur, and in the Lao.
Tung Peninsula. Japan, says the
Daily Nails authority has been thrown
into state of CONSERVATION by the
British baokdown, and has adopted a
more friendly attitude toward Russia.
This statement, however, the Daily
Mail admits, is 'incredible:and probably
bluff with view of forcing England
to take decided steps, The Daily
Mail counsels it's readers not to be
alarmed.
Berlin. Newspaper comment here
is all ON the text Of England's inglori-
GUS retreat, as indicated by the an
nouncement of the Berliner Tageblatt
that Russia and England have arrived
at an agreement whereby England has
consented to drop her demand for the
opening of Talien-Wa as free port,
and Russia valves further opposition
to British control of the Chinese sea.
coast ports.
The North German Gazette pub
fishes Foreign Office announcement
that all applications to settle or open
business at Kiaochau are premature,
the regulations regarding the news
here being incomplete.
The National Gazette learns that
Turkey has given Russia permission
to send the Black Sea fleet through the
Dardanelles.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
Vineyard Information.

The causes of the dropping of grapes
are 600 numerous to mention, but the
one from which the growers suffer
most at this time is small insect or
fungus which attacks the grapes about
the time they shed the blossoms. saws
Prof. Bioletti. The indication of their
presence is web ON bunchl Of grapes
They can be destroyed by spraying
with cold water.
There is, as yet, no means by which
thrips can be disposed of. Some ak.
periments are being made. Early
blowing is advised as a means of de.
crease until something more effectual
can be devised. The University of
California will send man to Fresno
county, next summer, who will devote
his entire time to the bugs.
In case that vines are frosted in
spring the tops should be out off as far
down as frozen Immediately. In no
case should twigs be pulled out of
socket. inasmuch as in so doing a hole
is left in bark, which will cause sun
and air to dry ont cane or spur.
1t is sometimes noticed that sul.
phur has tendency to burn or dry out
plants or vines. In that case the sui.
phur contains too much sulphuric acid
which should be neutralized or weak.
ened by mixing lime or ashes. In
order to ascertain il sulphur contains
too much acid. wet sulphur and din
paper in the water. If the paper turns
rapidly red there is too much acid.
Ii is the opinion of some that the
custom Of the canal companies in turn.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
FREE DELIVERY NOT roo
COSTLY.

mail service Has Not Kept Pace With
Eiher, According to the Figures
Washington.-A table has been pre-
pared by Chief Machen Of the free do.
livery division of the Postoffice De.
partment' comparing the cost of the
free delivery service at fifty of the
largest postofflces for the fiscal year
lS96-97 with that of the fiscal year
1S90-91. 1t shows that the percent.
age of increase in the cost of free de-
livery during the six years covered by
the table has been 24.6 per cent, while
the population has increased 35. SO and
the gross receipts have increased %. 48
per cent.
In some of the leading postoffices the
increases in percentages in round mum.
beers have been as follows: In popula.
ton: New York 80 per cent, Chicago
6S, Philadelphia 43, Brooklyn 80, Bos.
ton %, st. Louis 81, Baltimore "a.
San Francisco 20, Cincinnati 80, Cleve-
land 90, Buffalo 56, Detroit rs, Dem
yer 90, Columbus (O.) so, Toledo (Ol
70, Nashville So, Atlanta 81, Memphis
o.
In gross receipts the increases have
been; New York go per cent, hicaRo
40. Philadelphia II, Brooklyn al, Bos.
ton 26, st. Louis 80, Baltimore 80.
San Francisco 15, Cincinnati 30, Cleve- =
land 80, Buffalo SO, Detroit 3s, Dem
yer 30. Columbus SO, Toledo as, Nash.
vile 8 /, Atlanta 46, Memphis II.
The increase in the cost of free de.
livery service in the same cities has
been as follows: New York 16 per
cent, Chicago 70, Brooklyn 40, Boston
g. st. Louis 30, Baltimore 2s, San
francisco IL, Cincinnati IA, Cleveland
40, Buffalo 4S. Detroit so, Denver SO,
Columbus SO, Toledo so, Nashville 10.
Atlanta "a, Memphis Z.
In New Orleans the population in.
creased 1S per cent. the gross receipts
~ per cent and the cost of service az
Ter cent.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
An Injurious Rennrt.

A bulletin on fruit culture, of re.
cent issue, from the division of pomol.
ogy, United States Department al
Agriculture. which has been given
wide publicity, contains numerous
objectionable mistakes pertaining to
the horticultural industry of our State
1t states, for instance, that no oranges
are raised in the State; makes no men.
ton OF grapes south of latitude 40
that territory embracing the Fresno re-.
gion and other large grape-growinp
sections. Figs are net mentioned as a
California product, nor japanese per.
simmons. No mention is made of
raisins, nor is the State credited with
the ability to produce wslnuts. and
very little notice is made of MANY
varieties OF apples and peaches. While
tne bulletin contains no negations that
California does not raise fruit aecred.
tied to other States, it having been
given official enforcement and sent
broadcast ovsr the world, purportinp
to state the special localities devoted to
the raising of particular fruits enum.
Grated, no other Interpretation can he
placed ON the document than that Cal.
norma is not adapted to the production
OF the fruits named,
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
Valuable Points.

Mildew is fungus that can be
easily destroyed by the application Of
sulphur, said Prof. Bioletti before the
Fresno Farmers Institute recently.
The second application should not be
made until signs of mildew appear.
Summer pruning is inadvisable. In
the first place, instead of Fastening il
retards the ripening of the crop. In
the second place it causes late
growth, which, in case of early frost.
is liable to be killed and in this way
Injuries the vine.
The depth Of blowing should be reg.
ulated according to circumstances and
conditions. Where water is near the
surface shallow blowing is absolutely
necessary to insure a crop. Where
water is long distance medium pillow.
ing is permissible.
10 dispose of black knot, cut it off.
To prevent it leave sufficient wood ON
the vine to utilize surplus sap and by
this means turn black knot into fruit.
While late pruning has tendency
to retard the growth of vines the con.
slant bleeding caused by SO doing is
detrimental, and if continued will re.
suit disastrously.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
San Jose Fruit shipments.

The total overland movement of
prunes, canned goods. fresh and cured
fruits, Iaisins and almonds from San
Jose during the calendar year 1895
was 81 ,22s, 565 pounds; during 1896,
$780, $40 pounds, and from January
to December 81, 1897, the total was
105, 6l9, 705 pounds.
The gain made in 1897 was pretty
evenly divided, the items, cured
peaches, raisins and "other cured
fruits, being the only ones showing
a decrease. The heaviest gain was in
prunes, the shipments for 1897, 81
OO4, 29O pounds being nearly Is, 900.
600 pounds greater than in 1895. II
should be understood that these figures
do not represent the shipments of the
respective years. pack exclusively, but
include also the remainder of the pack
of the pEgious season which is left
over'at the close of the year. At the
end of 1897, for illustration, there re-
NAMED at least 10000, 900 pounds of
prunes of the pack of 1897 which will
be marketed during 1898. As to the
gain in aprioots it may be said that
the total shipments during 1897 were
almost exclusively of the pack of that
year. there being but 146, $50 pounds
OF the 1895 pack included in the fig
ures of 1897.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
Was Noted French Surgeon.

Paris.-Jules Emile Pean, the ami.
nent surgeon, is dead. NJ. Peap. who
was born at Chateau Dun, Eure ar
Loire, November 80, 1880, practiced
surgery continuously in Paris for more
than forty-fve years. In 1865 he was
appointed surgeon of the Central
bureau. Two years later he Joined
the staff of the Lourcine, where he
remained five years, going then to
Saint Antoine and finally to Saint
Louis, where he remained until 1900
he became famous for his success in
the delicate operations of oyariotomv
In 1887 he was elected member Of
the Academy of Medicine. Three
years later he reoeivd the decoration
OF the Legion of Honor, and in 1898
ne was made commander of the
order. '"o
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
CONGRESSIONAL NOTES.

MoKenna has been confirmed by thu
Senate as a Justice of the U. $. Su
preme Court.
The President has sent in the name
of T. W. Leydeoker for postmaster OF
Alameda, Cal.
The appointment Of Governor Griggs
Of New Jersey to be Attorney General
has been confirmed by the Senate.
Plans are being made for complete
system Of coast defense, and appropria.
tions will be asked for Notifications
and big guns.
The House Committee on Territories
has killed the bills for the admission
of Arizona and New Mexico, and also
Of Oklahoma and Indian Territory as
one State.
Senator Vest has reported a substitute
national quarantine bill which will
place all quarantine business directly
under the control of the federal gov
ernment.
The petitions from the Los Angeles
chamber Of commerce relative to an
increase Of the army establishment,
were presented in the senate by Mr..
Perkins.
The president has sent to the senate
message recommending an appropria-
tion Of $4,000 to the heirs of Louis
Morula, Mexican subject lynohed at
Yreka, CAL, in 1895.
Senator Stewart has introduced
bill which permits settlers with i'm
perfect titles to lands included in forest
reserves to substitute other lands of
equal area outside of reserves and
credits them with work, improvements
and residence ON the lands surrendered.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10

ing on and on water in bitches. and
thereby raising and lowering water
table at unnatural period in the year,
is highly injurious to orchards and
vineyards and will in time prove de-
structive. AS nature has designed,
water should be most abundant in win
ter and early spring, instead of July
and August. The same thing is true
with regard to injudicious irrigating.
A sudden raising of water tables under
roots OF trees is liable to do considera-
BILE damage if held there for a consid-
cradle length of time.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10

That fertilizing pays, none doubts,
put that it is not practiced as much
among our farmers, as it ought to be.
Is doubted by all thoughtful people.
Last year, Fowler vineyardist
bought quantity of deoomposed sheen
manure and distributed il over the
poorest portion of his vineyard. This
year, the line between the fertili,ed
portions could be distinctly traced nv
the difference in the amount of cranes
produced by the vines on each side of
It. The fertilized portion of the vine.
yard produced exactly fourth more,
per acre, than the unfertilized portion,
and it must be borne in mind, that the
sheep manure was distributed over
only tho poorest portion.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10
War Cloud Passing.

London.-The Valparaiso CORES.
pondent of the Times says: Senior
Moreno, the Argentine boundary ex.
pert, whose sudden departure for
Buzz Ayres caused alarming rumors
ana panic ON the Santiago and Val.
paraiso markets. assures me that no
difficulties have arisen between Argen.
tina and Chile, while the best Of
opinions lead me to believe that there
is no danger of war this year.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10

considerable development work has
recently been done on the Galena
quartz mine at Black Canyon. Placer
county The main tunnel has been OK.
TENDED on the ledge 40 feet. The
ledge bias an average width of four
ieet' The rock taken cut is good mill
'ne ore rl'h IN sulphurets, and in many
piaoes II Is very rioh in free gold. The
tunnel at the New Brazil gravel m;rs
Is now s4oO feet. Some very good
ground was encountered during the
past lew months. but at present the
grade is too great.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10

The California Wine Association.
the company which handles most OF
the output of the State. proposes to re.
duoe the wholesale price four cents a
gallon. The California Makers Cor.
poration, the union of producers, will
fight the demand.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10

~ Is reported that when the German
anair Is settled Russia will restire PORT
Arthur to China and withdraw. her
troops without demanding indemnity.
N return, however. China must am.
pioy Russians to drill her troops and
70 control her customs and RAILWAYS.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10

Gov. Culberson of Texas has de.
clined to interfere in the murder case
OF Eugene Burt. sentenced to be hanged
at Austin for the murder of his wife
and two children. July 80, 1895.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10

A new ten-stamp custom mill is be.
ing put up at Victor, San BernaI dino
county.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1897-02-10

A lodge of Elks is soon to be formed
in Bisbee, Arizona.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1897-07-08
Short, Cheap and Pleasant
Route to the East.

The Flint u pcrc Marquette Rail
road Steamships leave milwaukee,
every evening except Saturday ut S:lJ
and the big Car Ferry l'crc Mar
quctte' largest in the world leaves
Manitowoc every evening except Sat
urday ut loo. Both lines arrive ut
lndingtOn In time to make conncc-
tions with trains for all points in
Michigan, Ohio, Canada, East and
South.
Passengers will save timc and
money as well ~ enjoy II pleasant
trip by purchasing tickets via II. q T..
M. Il. Il. This has been named the
official route to Toronto for the An
nual Convention Of the Epworth
League which will be held at Toronto
July llth to 18th. For further partic-
ulars apply to II. II. MoELLER,
Asst. Gent Pass. Agt.,
Saginaw, Mich.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1897-07-08

500 per barrel. The amount carried
on hand varies according to demands
but as the plant has carried 10000 bar
rels at a time you have as high as
$3.50, 900. 90 worth of manufactured dry
bone under one roof at one time, a
hattering product and testimonial to
Iowa Go. enterprise. Mineral Point
Justly feels proud of this gigantic en-
terprise and its benefit to Southwest
Wisconsin runs up into thousands of
dollars annually.
The Press firmly believes that there
will be a good demand for ore and
that it is better to get out ore at low
prices than to allow our mining indus
try to run down to nothing altogether.
The Mineral Point Zinc Go. are doing
the best they can for our markets in
nearly all classes of commodities.
Visitors are treated with courtesy and
are shown through the plant with lib
eral explanation of its method of OPP
Grafton. A visit will be found pleas
ant profitable.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1897-07-08
Government Currency.

The reason bank circulation has been
decreasing through term of years, and
why it is inelastic, remaining almost
without change from season to season,
is that the security for it is deposit of
government bonds. The bank capital Is
i'll the treasury instead of in business.
TheSprofits on circulation decline as the
bonds increase i'll value or the rate of
interest declines, and the redemption
process is slow and ineffective. The
dangers of the government currency
and the deficiencies of the bank curren-
cy are now pretty well recognized. and
every day shows increased earnestness
in the demands Of business men for q
complete and permanent cure Iron
4 ga