davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
ORCHARD AND GARDEN.

The garden must be mellow, rich
and kept clean.
Sawdust is good mulch for all kinds
of small fruits.
If done early, spring is the best time
to set out trees and plants.
Strawberries, if well mulched, are
less affected by change of weather.
After the orchard is in bearing it
does not pay to continue to crop it.
All pruning and transplanting should
be done before the leaves start out
well.
Poultry for the plum trees and
swine for the apple orchard" is good
rule.
A safe rule with flower seed is to
plant them about five times their di-
ameters.
Tobacco water is one of the best rem
edies to destroy bugs and worms on
rose bushes.
Resin and tallow in equal parts make
q good covering for wounds made in
pruning fruit trees.
Starvation and neglect are the great
causes of unfruitfulness with many I'M
profitable orchards.
One advantage in using commercial
fertilizers in the garden is their free
dom from weed seeds.
Small fruit growing may not pay the
farmer away from market, but he can
rr0xv fr-1lit for hic oxur ,1ca
Only well rotted manure should be
used in the potato patch, and it should
be well worked in with the soil.
Keep all dead and faulty limbs cut
off of fruit trees as a protection against
further decay.-St. Louis Republic.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
MEMORY PRODDER.
Orators Can Now Garry Notes Inside
of Their Spectacles.

of Their Spectacles.
The public speaker can now see in his
spectacles what he is to tell his audience
at least, an invention to accomplish
this has been made, and the inventor is
Prof. Emory c. Chenoweth, a principal
of a public school at Whitehall, Balti-
more county, Md.
1t consists of double pair Of specta-
cles. Between the two sets Is pair of
tiny rollers, upon which winds scroll
of paper, containing, in minute manu-
script form, the speakers notes ON the
subject which he is to discuss. The first
pair of glasses sufficiently magnifies
the handwriting to make it distinct to
the speakers eyes.
By the aid of a thumbscrew the roll
ers may be- thrown to the right, so that
they will not be perceptible to the eye
at all. This same screw enables the
speaker to turn the rollers at will, as his
remarks progress, and the motion will
be no more indicative of it's real purpose
than the habit which so many persons
who wear spectacles have of putting
their hand to the bow every moment or
two.
The inner frame has the general APP
pearance of pair of spectacles, having
the usual nose piece. One of the lenses
Is of any glass normally suited to the
eye of the speaker. The other is COM
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
MUD is EXPENSIVE.
Entails nm Annual Loss Estimated
mt $25O.OOO,OOO.


1t is an inside figure to put the
amount this country annually contrib
utes to the mud fiend at $3.50, 900, 900, of
which amount Iowa pays at least S.
C0O,000. A total loss. Mud does not
give back anything to anybody. There
is nothing reciprocal about it. 1t is
loss complete, absolute and irrecover-
able even in part. A man loses $1,000
by his house being destroyed by fire,
but somebody is benefited by that loss.
In rebuilding, the sawmill, the sash
and door manufacturer, the carpenter,
the painter and the plumber find mar
ket for material and labor. If bank
discounts note which proves worth
less. the money, while loss to the bank,
goes about on its mission and is not a
less without somebody's gain. Mud
knows neither friend nor foe. In the
natural organization of matter mud
may have place. but that place is not
an the road.-Judge Thayer, Clinton, La.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23

the present system to be wrong; other
wise they would show their faith by
their works; they would no longer feel
justified in performing SO worth of
labor on the farm one day, and $1.5O
worth on the road the next.
We have long stood with those who
think the road tax should be collected
in money. and have paid cash for several
years, but under the present system of
road management it cannot always be
applied to the best advantage.
In some sections even where great
claims were made for the naturally
good" condition of the roads, the boun-
tiful crops sometimes lie unmoved
through period of high prices, simply
because the naturally bad condition Of
the roads at certain seasons of the year,
forbids the hauling of loads. Farmers
study and plan, and work, to increase
production; they study the law of sup
ply and demand; they watch the mar
kets that they may be enabled to sell
their produce when prices are best;
in short, they, many of them, do their
part as well, as far as their own private
business is concerned. On the other
hand, the railroads and elevators are
ever ready to do their part, as far as
their private business of handling the
farmers produce is concerned. Under
these conditions what is to hinder the
intelligent farmer from always pushing
his produce into market at such time as
his best judgment dictates? Simply the
weakness of the connecting link-the
highway-the one thing over which the
people have full control. There are
times when the farm is practically
much farther from the nearest village
than the village is from the great mart
to which it is tributary, and until the
weak link is made strong, farming will
not be as generally profitable as it
otherwise would be.-The Epitomist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
The cultivation of Sage.

Sage will bear transplanting, and can
be thickly sown in boxes and trans
ferred afterward to the open ground
ps second crop after peas or spinach.
By this method the loss by poor seed is
avoided, for sometimes the seed will
not come up well. If sowed in drills,
the labor Of caring for the young plants
till full grown is considerable. The
plants should stand in rows one foot
apart and six inches between the
plants in the rows. The plant can be
cut down near the roots and spread out
to dry; or If raised for the market, the
leaves should be picked off and dried.
Sage is good for several years II pro-
tected from the cold in winter by q
light covering. The seeds are pro-
Huced the second year and each year
Observation-Disclosures Field and Farm.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
The FARM GARDEN.
How to Keep the Ground Occupied
from Spring to Fall.

now 10 NeeD tnG GEOunu OCCuD1eu
from Spring to Fall.
The garden is the most productive
acre of the farm. If it is not, it should
be made so. 1t is the most indispensa-
BILE part of farm life. Half of our liv-
ing should come from our garden in
summer. Not one-half the country peo-
pie make an effort to have garden.
There are some that start out well in
the spriRg, sow an abundance of seed
and never look at the garden again I'M
til they think it is time they should
have results. They take look and can
not find any for the weeds have covered
the little plants. Then they come to the
conclusion that the seed did not grow.
They say all sorts of things about the
seedsmen, and NOW off the weeds and
wait until another spring, when they go
through the same process. Now this
is all wrong. To keep the garden clean
we should begin early and continue tie
cultivation until fall. 1t is impossible
to destroy all the weeds while we are
cultivating the early vegetables. Lit
tie patches of weeds around the garden
will produce seed enough to seed the
whole garden next year. We should try
to plan so as to keep all the ground oc-
cupied in the garden. 1t will require
but little more labor TO cultivate a cab
bage or turnip in vacant place than
simply to cultivate to keep down the
weeds. You can SOW lettuce in July
and it will be nice in the faA. Cabbage
and turnip can be transplanted into the
ground where the early peas and pota-
toes have grown; or you can set celery
and beets for winter use. Keep all the
ground occupied. If clean cultivation is
given, as should be done, the weeds will
be killed out and at the same time a
good crop secured. Thinning out plants
is an important matter in gardening;
beets and carrots will not grow to any
size if left too thick. No vegetable but
the onion will stand crowding. If the
soil is rich enough onions will grow to
a good size when five or six stand to-
gether; they will crowd each other out
of the ground all but the roots and will
bottom nicely. The onion maggot de-
stroys onions badly; good remedy is
to take the soil away from the bulbs no
matter if the little onions tip over; so
long as the roots are in the ground they
are all right. By doing this the fly has
no chance to put its eggs on the stalks
and then there are no maggots in the
bulbs.-Mrs. j. w. Ferries. in Farm and
Home
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
pIsPosINe OF VEAL.
a Plain Talk with Dairymen, wit
a Few Hints Thrown In.

Plain Talk with Dairymen, with
a Few Hints Thrown In.
There are several ways that you can
dispose of veal. If no one else in your
community is interested in the pro-
duction you are very favorably located,
US then you have things all your own
way, as one of the drawbacks is in the
hnding of young calves. Meat mar
kets are using veal more and more, and
1t is poor market that cannot use n
couple of veals week. The first year
perhaps that is all you had better at
Tempt to furnish. Now when hogs or
sheep or lambs are being shipped, any
shipper will be willing to put in few
calves, and as more are being produced
IN your vicinity, there will grow up a
steady market. One day every week
there are shipped from here from 80 to
100 calves. Probably this one industry
alone brings in and distributes among
the farmers $4,000 a year in cash, not
store pay" and does not impoverish
the land.
LII you are in the habit of getting
drunk or have any other reason for not
being able to be at home at the regular
time for milking, this article is not for
You, as you can never make a success
1t. Cows must be MIXED at about
Such time twice every day. If you
ere in the habit OF putting the calves
on at i've o'clock a. m, and you get up
and put them on at four, the calves are
sleepy, and the cows don't give as
much.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
ss:,5i;;.sR ROAD GA D,e ~ :;
. ! 81 s8sss::@ s:55st
IMPROVEMENT:
THE ROAD QUESTION.

How Progressive Farmers Should
view This Important Problem.
1t is only during seasons of abnormal
rainfall that the average farmer feels
disposed to manifest more than luke
warm interest in the subject of road i'm
provement. In most sections the set
fling of the roads late in the spring set
files. for the time being, the general agi-
tation of this question. That it will bob
up again with renewed emphasis is Just
as certain as that the roads will break
up in the fall, for neglect of highways
al any time only intensifies their bad
conditions. Eternal vigilance and
eternal agitation seems to be the price
OF good roads in this country. 1t would
seem that the most conservative man
would need only to open his eyes to the
miserable condition of country roads
in many of the states during great
part of the year, and consider carefully
the annual cost of maintaining them
in such condition, to realize that road
making methods. and the system under
which they are applied, are seriously at
fault. We believe a majority of the
farmers in the states referred to know
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23

position, the lower portion consisting of
a magnifying glass SO focused that the
smallest print or handwriting can be
read easily at distance of half an
inch.
Supported upon the inner frame is
the outer frame, and it is upon this
outer frame that the memorandum
sheets are supported.
The magnifying lens in the inner
frame of course permits the notes to be
written in small letters, thus economic
ing space, while the colored lenses in
the outer frame prevent the memoran-
dunn holder or rollers from being seen
nv the audianoa
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23

Milk Pipe.
used about the creamery for cleansing
purposes would do harm also; hence it
is important that nothing but pure wa
ter be used about either boiler or the
building. In case the weather is cold,
and to avoid putting too much steam
direct into the milk, it is important
then to heat the water under the re-
ceiver watts to at least half the necessary
temperature for separating.
| know quite number of creameries
that have put this simple device in dur
ing the past summer, and find that it
not only lessons labor, but thSt by its
use better and more even temperature
can be obtained than by the use of the
tempering vat, and the cleaning of it
does not require one-fifth of the time
that the usual watts require. The cleans
ing is done by pumping warm water
through the pipes and then steam
ing them thoroughly for about three
minutes.
The illustration is simple and almost
explains itself. NJ p represents the
milk pipe or hose extending from the
milk vat to P, pump, which raises the
milk into the pipe joined onto the
pump. The milk naturally flows down
ITO the point II, where half-inch pipe.
S p, is inserted into T large enough to
take an inch galvanized iron pipe, the
end being plugged up tight and num-
Der of small holes drilled in on side for
The escape of steam in small jets. The
half-inch pipe joins on the three-quar-
ter-inch by reducer just below aglobe
! valve which regulates the volume of
steam.
The pipes o o are to allow overflow
when the stopcock at F is partially
closed up, with the point o over milk
vat. The valve at base of pump also reg
ulates the flow of milk into separator
(S). In case the flow vat is at an eleva-
ton above separator, it is only neces-
sary to extend the pipe from point H
directly into vat, and the only thing
necessary would be a globe valve next
to vat, with the steam jet and (F)
| faucet.
Not long since while at Sandusky
institute, and discussing the creamery
subject, / mentioned this labor-saving
device, and a young man from Huron
O., made special inquiry about it. In
less than a week he had one in Their
creamery, and writes that it is simply
"out of sight" in every respect, and
wishes to thank me for putting him
onto the idea. know of five creamerie:
that are using the device, and they are
making butter that grades first-clas'
everywhere and at all times, and fol
such reasons do not hesitate to recon
mend its use under the conditions NOTED
| in this article Gsca4H 9 GsAtA "a
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23

cut 2h inches in width and 6H inches
in length, tapering on the sides from
each end for 21s inches. thus leaving
the center 1Ha inches square. Now
score them for folding. To put all to-
gether take a three by three-quarter-
ing, any length you wish, tapering the
end to correspond with the taper of the
box. Fasten plate of iron on the top
so that the tacks will clinch. Make a
hoop of wire TO slip over the end to
hold the splints while the hoop is
wrapped and nailed. The hoops should
be three-eighths of am inch wide and
ten inches long.
Made in this way the boxes will nest
together, and can be made at any time
for future use. The cost will not eX-
coed rs cents per 100 boxes. Material
can be had at any basket factory.
Such box can be used for layering
strawberry plants. 1t makes cheap,
Eeat package, and people like to buy
plants put up in this shape. They can
be then transPlanted into the garden
without setback. put up thousands
of tomato plants in boxes, each hold
ing half a dozen or a dozen, and also
do up single plants to put on the mar
ket. Vegetables grown in pots are too
expensive to the grower. This box is
also package that your customer can
take home easily, and he does not have
to set it out until his soil is in fit con-
dition. There is no patent on this
give it for the good of the plant cu!-
turist. AS shown in the sketch the
plant is small for the size of the box
E. w. Turner, in American Gardening
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
MIX as Hen Food.

1t is being discussed as to whether
milk will take the place of meat for
poultry. Milk is really superior to
meat, but the fowls cannot drink
enough of it to enable them to substi-
tute it for meat, which is more concen-
trated. To derive benefit from one
pound of solid matter in milk the hens
would have to drink eight pounds of
milk, as there is only about Is per cent.
Of solids in milk. The consumption Of
such large quantities of fluid is not
natural with fowls. They prefer meat
and are not milk consuming If they
can procure its substitute, being averse
10 the use Of such large quantities Of
water.-Farmer's Review.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
NEW HEATING DEVICE.
Successfully Introduced in "A Number
of Ohio Creameries.

of Ohio Creameries.
The accompanying illustration is
something new as heating device in
creamery work. Its use is to displace
the tempering vat so commonly in use
In most creameries, and which takes
much valuable time to clean, aside
from the often continued roaring noise
made from steam entering the water
inside.
Some objections have been raised to
using live steam in milk for heating it
preparatory for the separator, espe-
cially in extreme cold weather, claim
ing that the excessive expansion causes
the butter globules to become so sud-
denly heated as to produce foreign
taste in the churned butter.
Sometimes the water used in boiler
may not be good and harm may come
from that source, but the same steam
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
FEED RACK FOR CALVES.

The construction is plainly shown in
the illustration, nothing but narrow
strips of board being used in any part.
The uprights at the ends are nailed
firmly to the rack and have the lower
ends sharpened, so that they can be
driven into the grouTl whenever it is
desired to set up the rack.-Orange
Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
A NEW PLANT BOX.
Just the Thing for Transplant All
Kinds of Vegetables.

Just the Thing for TrRnsplantinE All
Kinds of Vegetables.
The new style of box shown herewith
have been using for number of years
and find it just the thing to transplant
tomatoes, peppers or, in fact, any veg
etable plant that is desired to put on
the market early and get an extra price
for. l use the boxes principally for
early tomatoes, transplanting into
them about ten days before wish to
market the plants. Tomatoes, peppers,
asters and phloxes are transplanted for
the third time into these boxes, and
get from three to five cents apiece for
them, whereas if sold them out of
flats l would only get is cents per
dozen. AS to the cost of this box: The
material is such as is used in making
the common market basket. Have it
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23

Fresh stains upon wall paper where
people have rested their heads can be
removed by covering the spot with a
mixture Of pipe clay and water made
into a soft paste and letting 1t remain
over night. Then brush It of with q
stiff whisk broom.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
is EASILY MOVED.

serviceabIe New Feed Rack for
Lambs and Calves.
Our sketch shows an easily made feed
rack that can be moved from place to
| place, with the work of but moment.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
Holiday Weeks at Oekm's.

Our direct statement that the Clothing shown Oehms
Hall better made sold lower prices and durable than
ever is still undsputed.
you wish for instance ask So 90 Mems Suits
Scotch Chevots Homespuns &c. Cutting fitting and making
equal nay superior-to the ordinary $500 Suits This
tnf mar
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
Mems overcoats and Suits.

Our stock comprises nearly 1900 Mems
Suits and Overcoats OF every new and desir-
able fabric and style for the season, from s6
10 S35
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
Mems Pants.

500; until today were $500 and $3.50.
These are the best values we have ever seen.
The styles are new, neat and very desirable.
A saving of Sl.00 to $l50 on each $500 ex.
pended
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
Children's Refers.

Ages to s years. Fine Blue Chinchilla
pure dye, large, deep sailor collar. Attrac.
tive looking and SO cosy for the youngsters,
$3.50 and So 70. Values up to $500 and $500.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
Bows Linden Suits.

Heavy weight Vicuna Cheviots In Blacks
and Browns-pretty effects. All are strictly
high grade and advance styles. Values are
unusual" $3.50 TO $3.50 is what they are
worth-s3.5O to 1915 our price. Sizes to
years.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
Santa Claus.

Daily receptions for the slittle ones COM
mencing Saturday next, November 18th.
Souvenirs.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
Underwear.

NATURAL WOOL
and Cancels Hair at never before prioG
Of 45c. per garment. In two shades and
all sizes.
DOUBLE FLEECE
Lined Underwear reduced to 45c. per gar.
ment for this sale. Fresh, new goods.
Sizes 81 to co.
CAMEL'S HAIR
Natural Wool-Fine Merino-The Fin
eat. Regular 81 50 goods In three colora.
Guarant ed not to fade or shrink in the
wash. 95c. per garment
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
Art Department.

Before purchasing HolidayHPresents we in
vlte you TO inspect our line of Art Goods, con-
ssting of the latest publications in Photo
| Frames
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
Winter Shoes.

Winter Shoe perfection at an easy price
$3.50 Box Calf, Winter Russet, or Paten
toe 81 30 added 10 our price would be ihonr &,
fair by many.
DOA Odh..s...... ssssss ss...N4UU
EnaInel. .........s.......--..SO.UO
Harvard Tan.
Rubbers.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-04-23
Merchant Tailoring.

800 styles of Woolens for Business Suits q
Sl8 and $40 TO order. Our Special Dress Sui
to order, SS5, is worthy your best consider
AliOn.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1897-07-24
FAIR WEEK.

We have Jared unusually well
this week.
On Monday, Mr.. II. Q. Parker,
the efficient Police Juror for the
Sixth Ward, presented us with
fine watermelon, which weighed
~ pounds.
On Tuesday, Mr.. Norman
Fendiason, prominent citizen and
merchant of the Second Ward,
brought us some magnificent
peaches. which measured ten inches
around, and were very juicy and
finely favored.
On Wednesday, Mr.. Il. Labat'
the popular proprietor of the Cos
mopolitan Bar Room, sent us a
large egg plant which he raised IN
his garden. 1t was ten inches
long. fifteen inches in circumfer-
ence, and weighed three pounds.
The same day Mrs. Mitchell sent
US, from the place of her father,
DR.. Wuntlerlich, some very fine
pears.
We had enough prize fruits on
hand to start a little East 11ouisians
Fair Association, and each variety
was deserving of a blue ribbon.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1897-07-24
Entertainment Tonight.

There will be grand entertain
ment At the Town Hall tonight,
for the benefit of St. Peters Church.
The funds will he used for the pur-
pose of completing the church
on the inside. The program will
be as follows.
l. "Riga Jig Jig Chorus" by
twenty children.
2. Recitation, by Miss Eva Jay.
). Cornet and Piano Duet, by
Richard d'Aquin and Miss Myra
Richard.
4. Violin Solo, by Mr.. Octave
Aubert, accompanied by Miss
Margot Roubion.
). Vocal Solo, by Professor 4.
Iochard.
6. Piano Duet, by Misses Re-
becca Weaver and Grace Barelli.
Z. Vocal Duet, by Misses Many
and Lila Allan.
6. Sailor Drill and Chorus, by
Irene Featherstun and Eddie
Kentzel, Edith Richard and
Alonzo Strain, Philomcne Pechon
and Richard d'Aquin, Frances
Heintx and Louis Hebert, Annie
Smith and Ametlee Guyol, Myra
Richard and Julian Smith, Clara
Burns and Leon Hebert, Nary
Hosmer and Silas Smith, Guy
Gnyol and Hardy Smith, Gabrielle
Boudousquie and Deed Smith,
Bertha Wnnderlich and Thomas
Hebert, Haydee Druilhet and
Charlie Strobe, Alice Boudousque
and Rosa Strobe.
Soloists - Alonxo Strain and
Miss Guy Guyol.