davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1897-06-28

One of the interesting conventions of
this summer will be the one which is to
assemble in Salt Lake City the middle
Of next month, composed of delegates
representing the commercial interests
of all the States and territories west of
the Mississippi. The object is to pro-
mote the industrial welfare of that
great portion of the republic; in the
words of the call, "to secure such ma
tional legislation as is calculated to
promote the business interests and de-
velopment of the resources of the States
and territories west Of the Mississippi
river; to increase reciprocal trade
among them; to discuss such questions
as are naturally suggested by it's OBJ
jects; to cultivate acquaintance, fra
terna1 feeling and hearty cooperation
among the various commercial bodies
represented"
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1897-06-28

Next October the horn of the hunter
will be heard on the hills of Vermont
For twenty years the State has pro-
hibited the killing Of deer, and under
this protection the animals have be-
come so numerous in the mountain re-
gions, it is asserted, as to be a null
sance But the act of the legislature
permitting the sport in the State dur
ing the month of October of each year
has restrictions enough to prove that
the suffering from the depredations of
the deer is not very acute. 1t is pro-
vided that only animals with antlers
may be killed, that dogs, salt ticks,
traps, jack lights and the like shall
not be used, that no person shall take
more than two deer in any one season,
and that only one carcass and the head
and hoofs of another can be taken from
the State by any one hunter.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
ROUND LEAF

and south. In the first place the word
''yam' should be dropped, because it
has been borrowed from the Chinese
yam, Dioscorea Batatas, or some species
of it, which is quite a different vege-
table from the sweet potato. Wool
states in his Class Book of Botany that
Dioscorea saliva, with its varieties, is
understood to be that which is known
as the "sweet YAM" cultivated in Geor-
gia and Florida, and all tropical coun-
tries, on account of its sweet and nu-
tritious tubers. If this be true, 1t is
readily understood how the word
"yam" came to be applied to the soft,
sugary varieties of sweet potatoes
grown in the southern states. The
word "yam" is said to be of African
origin and means ito eat" in several
negro dialects on the coast of Guinea.
Consequently there can be no use of il
In regard to the sweet potato, and
should be abolished. The character OF
the flesh varies considerably with sea-
sons and soils. l have grown the va
riety called pumpkin YAM" on n light
sandy soil where it was excellent, ant
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
the: HENS IN WINTER.
EInd OF Treatment which Induces Good
Egg supply.

Egg Supply.
In order TO have good supply of eggs
during the winter it rs essential to have
either early-hatched pullets that have
been kept growing and are reasonably
we'll matured or two-year-old hens that
moulted early, and are in good thrifty
condition when winter begins.
Then warm, dry quarters must be
provided. No matter how well fed the
fowls may be, they will not lay well I'M
less they are kept comfortable. The
quarters should be roomy, so that when
closely confined, as will be necessary on
cold, stormy days. they will have plenty
of room to exercise.
The roosts should be on a level, not
over three feet from the ground, and
arranged so that they IAN be taken
down to clean when necessary. When
1t can be done the nests should be in a
separate place, rather darker than the
rest of the house. so that the laying
hens will not be disturbed by the others.
There should be room to feed them
away from under the roosts. Brood
boards should be provided on which the
soft food can be placed. Have the
quarters dry.
The hens must be regularly and well
fed il they are kept in a good laying
condition. Gather up the scraps from
the table, the pairing and the leavngs
of the vegetables from the kitchen, put
them into pot that should be kept in
the stove. Usually it will cook sufl-
GENTLY through the day and can be
warmed up while breakfast is being
cooked. If the quantity is not sue
;ient add wheat, bran and milk to make
up good feed. Give it warm-not hot
for breakfast, and try to have it ready
as soon as they fly down from the
roosts. Atnoon give whole wheat. oats.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
NEGOTIATING LAND.
The Principle of incubation in the Do
main of Agriculture.

The Principle of incubation in the Do
main of Agriculture.
Research has demonstrated that the
soil of our fields is literally teeming
with bacteria, which, according to some
recent experiments, may be present to
the extent of 100000 per gramme
1.-THE one-twenty-sixth part If an ounce)
of soil; and that these bacteria are
largely instrumental in conducting to
the successful growth of vegetation by
preparing, in forms suitable for assimi-
lation by the plant, the different food
substances it derives from the soil, says
the Quarterly Review. The latest ap-
plication, in the domain of agriculture,
of the great principle of incubation,
is in many respects of more striking
nature than anything yet accomplished
by this line of research, and consists OF
the incubation of the soil with pure
cultures of bacteria for the purpose of
promoting plant growth.
incubation of soil with these Gull
lures, on practical scale, may be af-
fected in either of two ways. First, the
seed of the crop ii is desired to inocu-
late may be inoculated before it is
sown. This is effected by making a
watery solution of the pure cultivation,
immersing the seed in it, and subse-
quently drying it; or, secondly, it may
be effected by inoculating quantity of
fine sand or earth in the same way, and
then spreading it over the field and sub
sequently working it into the soil to
depth of about three inches. Natural
ly, a point of considerable interest is
the economic question of the cost of
such treatment. 1t is interesting to
learn that this is extremely moderate.
as the expense of inoculating field in
this way amounts to the very moderate
sum of five shillings per acre. This can
not be regarded as expensive, and con-
trasts favorably with the expense OF
heterogeneous fertilizers.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
Rice Is Good for Fowls.

Rice is said by those who have tried
1t, to be the very best of food for fowls.
and that it possesses more fattening
qualities than corn. In the Carolinas
and the rice growing regions of the
south, rice meal or broken rice can be
purchased from oue-fourth to one
half cent per pound, and is largely used
as feed in those sections. Poultry
men within easy reach of the southern
or gulf seaboard can thus get cheap
poultry food at small cost for freight.
Rice will nexer produce diarrhoea in
fowls or animals like some grains, but
will check it when produced by other
causes. With broken rice, Kaffir corn.
and wheat, we not only have a good
ration for chicks. but an ideal food for
troilers.-Southern Fancier.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05

Glass on the south, east and west of
the poultryhouse is of course necessary
to the health and COMFORT of the fowls.
One can err. however, on the side of
too much glass. 1t is great mistake to
make poultryhouse after the pattern
of a greenhouse. 1t won't do at all, for
the change between day and night tenn
perature is far too much. The fowls
will become sick and unproductive. A
window for every six or eight running
feet on the south side with window ON
both the east and wes& sides, will be all
the sash surface necessary. In cold
northern climates | would advise the
use of shutters or double windows or
both. These will keep out any amount
of cold and wind and pay for them
selves a hundred times over.-W. P. Per-
kins, in National Stockman.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05

as soon as you can after it is hung up.
Put your knife in at the hole made in
sticking and rip up through the breast
bone and ribs; this will allow any blood
that has settled in the lungs to run out
while you finish the job. Split down be-
tween the hams and cut around the
vent; pull and cut until you have the
bung gut loose for six inches. Tie a
string around it and push it back into
the carcass. Finish cutting down in
front, and put your left hand under the
intestines as they roll out; with the
right hand tear everything loose from
the back bone, using the knife with
care, so as to avoid cutting the entrails.
Cut the outlet in front of the stomach,
and take the stomach out with the rest
of the entrails. Remove the liver. lungs
and heart after the rest is done. If the
hog is not bloody inside, use no water
to clean it, but wipe it dry with cloth.
Even II the inside of the hog is rather
bloody, it may be wiped clean with little
trouble; the meat will take salt better
II kept dry.-C. d. Lyon, in Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
40 Cure Feathsr PnllInr.

Feather pulling is vice that comes
from confinement and idleness; there is
no remedy, but it may be prevented in
measure by so feeding the fowls that
they will be compelled to scratch. 1t
IS contagious, to degree if one or two
fowls become addicted they are apt to
teach the others. For this reason, pre-
yentive measures in the way Of giving
the fowls something to do should be
adopted but if any of the hens acquire
the habit, the quicker they are killed
and marketed the better, or soon the
whole flock will be at it, and this means
ruination to all.-Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
FOODS FOR POULTRY.
Why 1t Is More Advantageous to Feed
Everything / ~.

Why 1t Is More Advantageous to Feed
Everything / ~.
The natural BOD OF fowls is composed
IF seeds, insects aud grass. In the do
nestle conditioa we allow grain, grass
and meat. TutLFya ard chickens drink
very little writer V ben feeding, and
even ducks aII geese resort to water
when feeding sometimes. in order TO
wash their bills more than to drink,
says the Poultry Keeper.
This brings up the question of the
propriety of feeding soft food. 1t is
known that ground grain absorbs
large volume of water. and when the
mixture is apparently dry, quite large
proportion of water exists in it, though
more so when the mixture is very moist
and sloppy. 1t is not beneficial water.
as the results are sometimes injurious.
bowel disease and indigestion prevail
ing.
1t is better to feed all food dry, if
possible, and keep a trough full of wa
ter where the fowls can take what
quantity they desire. Even ground
food may be given in . dry condition,
the different substances used being
thoroughly mixed and placed in a
trough. When chicks are fed they
have cornmeal moistened several times
q day, and bowel disease results simply
because too much water Il forced upon
them in the food. The fowls never re-
sort to wet food when they can get dry
kinds, and this is matter that deserves
attention.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
INEXPENSIVE HOUSE FRAME.

accompanying sketch, which very near
~ explains itself. Instead of a heavy
sill, two-nch plank is laid upon the
stone foundation, bedded into the ce-
ment. Upon this are laid the planks
that are to support the floor boards.
These are spiked to the uprights, which
are themselves spiked to the sill plank.
The same plan of spilling the frame can
be carried out in the upper portion of
the building. In this way all the frame
is made of plank, and no mortising or
tenoning is required. This plan is
highly useful for small buildings, while
there are plans to use somewhat SINH
lar construction in the framing of barns
American Agricalturist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
ART IN AGRICULTURE.
1t Is Coming to BE Quite an ImpOrtar
Elevating Factor.

1t Is Coming to Be Quite an Important
Elevating Factor.
Art in agriculture is coming to be
more and more noticeable every day.
With the advent of new methods, i'm
proved implements and a wider knowl-
edge of the field. the agriculturist is
rising higher in the field of useful or
ornamental art as the years go by. We
= may say that sharp competition is no
small factor in this progressive move.
ment, says the agricultural student
Take. for example. the manner in which
certain products are prepared for the
open market. The improvement in the
condition of certain dairy products and
fruit on market in the last few years
is truly wonderful. The reason. OF
course, is that people always buy that
article which is put up in the most
tasteful and attractive style. and are
willing to pay little more for it. With
this change comes a more wholesome
effect upon the article itself. and dis
ease is much less disseminated through
food at the present time than formerly
Greater precautions IRE taken now
than ever before in preventing the
spread Of contagious diseases in this
manner, and with the increase in the
size of the cities and the greater liabil-
ity to ill-health. these precautions can
not be observed too carefully. Thus
the agriculturist. to be successful, must
keep right up to date in his readings
and NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. and Farmer.
The Nature OF Sandy Soil.
Sand has great power for the trans
portation of water. II will convey wa
ter quicker than any other soil, but il
will not hold as much. A clay soil will
hold more. but water will pass through
more slowly. Sandy soils take in all
the rains that fall. and if there is a sub
ierranean supply within ten or fifteen
feet of the surface. il seems to have a
power to pump the water up to the
roots of the plants. If. however. there
is no such supply. the higher tempcra-
ture of summer will usually increase
the temperature of the top sandy soil
and gradually dry il out faster than
fine. clayey soil. Clay will hold more
moisture. and hold it longer than any
other form of soil. but it must be pro-
tected by surface cultivation. Is'.:7i
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
SHELTER FOR SHEEP.
Increased Profits viii Pay for 1t in a
Very Short Time

Very Short Time
am convinced that aL-o4t n ,sortant
point in caring for sheep, especially
the open-wooled breeds, is to keep them
dry. Sheep do not suffer greatly from
cold unless they are wet. They dislike
water, applied externally, about as bad
ly as a chicken.
The relative prices of farm products
and building materials may seem to
many not to justify the erection of per-
manent buildings. A structure may be
put up that will answer well at very
slight cost per head for the animals il
will shelter. / give herewith a cut
showing plan of bent of such a struc-
ture. Where post timber is plenty use
small trees, from ten to twelve inches
in diameter. setting them deeply in the
ground. This makes strong building
but not 50 durable as though the posts
were set on stone. The local supply of
material may well determine as be-
tween these two plans. If the posts are
to be set in the ground they will last
much longer if the bark and sap wood
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
SCRATCH ROOM ADDITION TO POUL.
TRY HOUSE.

80 NV 0A1'
12x15 feet, feet high in front and
slopes to feet high at the back. The
roof is shingled and the front that was
once muslin-covered, is now of board.
Ing and windows, for throughout the
year it is in use for different purposes.
This room is divided into two compart-
ments by wire fence netting, for sum
mer use as rooms for breeding stock OF
for hens and chicks. But when used
for winter scratch-room, the door is
left open and they have ali the room to
work in. The floor is deep covered with
straw, and the fowls are kept sufficient
ly hungry to keep them scratching.
Small doors, less than a foot square,
open into either room from the roost-
ing, or main house.
When the weather is dry and the corn
fodder palace (?) perfectly dry, they
are divided into two floclis. But should
the fodder-built room become damp,
they all go to the room that is dry and
warm. Sometimes they are little
crowded. But as soon as their house is
cleaned in the morning, they have that
room also to exercise in.
The cost of such permanent scratch
room is not great. And the one con-
structed of fodder costs nothing at all
except the work. for the refuse brush,
poles, etc, are found upon almost any
farm. If you have not the fodder in
available shape, You have surely plenty
of straw. Many faime have their sup
ply OF straw baletl every year. Such
material as baled straw to bank the sides
Of such room could scarce be sur
passed. Once the scratch-room theory
IS put into practice in ones poultry
yards. the practice will never be aban-
loned. for the binds must have exercise.
Orange Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
EXCELLENT TOOL SHED.
A Structure That Is Fitted to Hold Al
the Farm Implements.

the Farm Implements.
No more convenient building can be
erected upon farm than good, roomy
tool shed, where all farm machines and
small tools can be housed from the
weather, while the owner has the as
,surance that he can put his hand at
a moments notice upon any implement
that may be needed without the neces-
sity Of hunting through half dozen
buildings to find the tool desired. On
the average farm the tools are either left
out of doors for lack of place to put
them, or are crowded away into any
nook or corner that can be found, often
to be in the way for the next six months.
The accompanying illustration shows
a cheaply built Toulouse that is fitted
to hold all the farm tools and iImple-
ments, providing also in one end re-
pair, or carpenters shop. Three sets
of double doors are provided, both in
front and opposite these in the back
side, so that machine can be driven in
ut one side, the horses unhitched and
driven out the other side, leaving the
machine ready to be hitched onto the
next day and drawn out without turn
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
PROTECT THE HOGS.
Some Important Factors in Reducing the
Loss from Cholera.

Some Important Factors In Reducing the
Loss from Cholera.
Hog cholera is prevalent in many
carts of the country, and every effort
possible should be put forth to lessen its
ravages. A. w. Biting, of the Indiana
experiment station, says that Indiana
last year lost 5S0,26O logs by disease,
entailing property loss of three and
q quarter million dollars. Nearly the
entire loss was due to cholera and swine
plague. 1t was distributed as follows:
In 232 townships the loss was from ten
to twenty per cent; in 1877, from 90 to 30
per cent; in SO from 30 to 40 pei cent;
in SO from 40 to so pef cent; in "A from,
so to 60 Per cent; in ~ from 90 to 70
per cent, and in one n per cent, while
the remainder lost less than ten per
cent. of all the hogs that were produced.
An important factor in reducing the
loss, says DIR. Biting, is 20 provide prop
er shelter, as all hogs with only mild
attack, or having apparently made y
recovery, may take a relapse if exposed
to cold rain or sudden change to
rough weather. Any shed which will
keep off the rain and break the wind is
sufficient. The floor should be dry, but
little bedding is needed, and that re-
newed frequently. Burn all litter and
bedding once a week. Keep the herd
divided so that crowding is impossible.
Remember a straw stack is the most I'M
favorable place that can be provided for
sick hogs. He says the essentials in
prevention are good food, pure water
and clean, dry quarters. The cost of
protecting the hogs from inclement
weather need not be great. Don't neg
lect the matter.-Journal of Agricul-
tuna
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
Fro. ).
SPLIT LEAF.

of the foliage be taken in connection
with a short description of the tubers.
i have not found variety l could not
readily distinguish. 1t is true, how
ever, that some varieties are inclined
10 vary somewhat in the shape of the
foliage, but the prevailing type can b.
easily distinguished if the foliage be
noticed when young American Agri-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
RooMY TOOL SHED.

ing it about. There is no chamber in
The building, but there is ample storage
room above the cross ties to pile away
lumber. or the hundred and one things
that need to be kept from the weather.
A part Of the space could be fioored
over at one end to provide a place for
sleighs and sleds during the summer
months, a hook being placed conven-
iently in the ridge-pole for a pulley
block to use in hosting them into place.
N. Y. Tribune.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
ABOUT SWEET POTATOES.

Comments by Prof Price, OF the Texas
Experiment Station.
There is great confusion IN the nom.
enclature of the sweet potato. Its foil
age varies from round and entire to
split or lobed, while the flesh also varies,
when lobed, from dry and mealy to soft
and mushy. The latter cases have re-
Oeived the name of "yams" in the south.
which has helped still further to in
crease the confusion in the markets as
well as among growers. This excellent
vegetable deserves to be brought out
OF this confusion in nomenclature, as
us culture is rapidly extending north
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05

NerVurd
Blood and Nerve Remedy.
Guaranteed Purely Vegetable Perfectly HarmIess)

THIS marvellous remedy beyond all question the greatest med
cal discovery the century No remedy the world had
magnificent array of testimonials of These temo
mails of the wonderful curative powers of Dr. Greene Nevua
blood and remedy from highest honor
and of their fellow whom everybody knows and in
all have absolute confidence Statesmen exalted
official positions lawyers minister's DOCTORS merchants all
the weight of their words of praise and thanks this grand
medicine, while perfect avalanche of testimonials pour in
from the people everywhere from the great rank and
file of humanity who thus express their profound gratitude the
remarkable remedy which has cured hem by recommending
others also and be restored health they BEEN
you wise fyou desire regain yourheah we'll
and strong again. you will heed the advice of the upon
thousands who have been cured by this verabe king
medicines, and
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05

then agat1 on% heavy wet soil where
one would not recognize it without sec
ing the foliage The flavor was very
poor. After making this vegetable
special study for several years, and
having tested over so varieties, fin1
that the character of the foliage is the
best test upon which to base claSsifi-
cation. We find three main types, the
round Gig. y, the shouldered Gig. q
aud the split Gig. 81. If the Character
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
A French railway has hit upon a ne,

A French railway has hit upon a new
source of revenue. In the future, peo-
pie who accompany their friends to any
of the stations on that line to see them
off will only be admitted to the plat
form on payment Of a fee of one penny.
As this railway is the largest in France,
a considerable yearly sum is expected
70 be derived from this source.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-02-05
KEEP Them SCRATCHING.
It Is the Best Way to Exercise Poultry In
the Winter.

the N1gter.
The sketch herewith shows the sec
ond-best" scratch room for my fowls
this winter. which proved so useful last
season. A frame 12X16 feet of posts,
poles and brush, and upon the brush
roof, fodder piled deep will lie the style
OF it. The north and west will be-
banked with bound bundles of the fod"
der, the east end will be against the
west end of the main poultry house, and
the south, which is the trent, will be
muslin covered. The muslin breaks
the wind and cold from them, and al
lows the sun to shine in ucross the
whole floor. The muslin-covered door
opens into the room from the yard
This tor my make-shift scratch-room.
Besides this | have Il permanent
scratch-room, which is veA necessary
part of the poultry phnt This is upon
the east end of the poultry house, is