Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-06-18

OF the political and the commercial union
aiitInauNely proposed and relatively con-
slicfng the scope and extent thereof.
II soon appeared to the negotiators
mat purely commercial union on the
hhes or the German Iolverein could not
satisfy the problems OF the administra- =
ton IN Hawaii. and of political associa-
tlon between the island and the United
states. such commercial union would.
on the one hand. deprive the Hawaiian
Government of its chief source of revenue
from customs duties by placing It's terri
tory In "A relation of free exchange with
the territory of the United States its
main market OF purchase and supply.
while, on the other hand. IL wou q entail
upon Hawaii the maintenance OF an inter-
mai revenue system on a par with that
OF the United States. or else Involve The
organization OF corresponding branch
OF our revenue service within a foreign
jurisdiction.
I'VE have had with Hawaii since 1875
treaty of commercial union. which practi-
cally assimilates the two territories with
regard 10 many of their most important
productions. and excludes other nations
from enjoyment of its privileges; yet. al
though that treaty has outliVed other less
favored reciprocity schemes, its perma-
nency has AT times been gravely i'm
periiled. Under such circumstances a
complete commercial union between Ha-
waii and the United States. as independ-
ently sovereign. without assurance of per-
manency' and with perpetual subJection
10 the Vicisstudes OF public sentiment in
the two countries, was not to be thought
OF.
PROTECTORATE UNDESIRABLE.
Turning, then, 10 the various prac-
teal forms OF the political union
the several phases of protec-
torate. an offensive and defensive
alliance. and a national guarantee were
passed in review. In all of these the IN
dependence OF the suborGinated state Is the
distinguishing feature. and with II the
assumption by the paramount state of
responsibility. without domain. The dis
parity OF the relative interests, and the
distance separating the two countries,
cOud not fail TO render any form OF pro-
tective association, either unduly burden
some or illusory In its benefits, so far as
the protecting State is concerned. while
any attempt TO counteract TINS by trlDu-
tary dependence or measure OF SuZerdlN
. control would be a rctrOgdde movement
toward feudal or colonial establishment.
alike ineXDedient and Incompatible with
our policy.
There remained. therefore. the anneXa-
ton of the islands. and their complete
absorption into the political system or the
United States, as the only solution saus-
fying all the gwen conditions, ana
promising permanency and mutual benent,
The present treaty has been framed on
that basis. thus substantially reVertlnS
TO the original proposal of 1893, ana ne
cessarily adopting many OF the fea-hieS
of that arrangement. As 10 most OF these,
the ncgOtiatOrs have been constrained
and limited by the constitutional power
of the Government OF the United states.
"As i'm previous instances. Wnen me
United States has acquired territory py
treaty. il has been necessary 10 reserve
all the organic provisions Tor the ac'iol
OF Congress. II this was requisite IN lht
case of the cessiOu to the United states
of Louisiana by France OF FLORIDA oy
Spain. and of Alaska by Russia, ii IS the
more requisite when the action Is not
cession. but a union involving the com
plete incorporation of an alien sovereignty
into the body polite Of the United states
For this the only precedent in our
political history is found in the uncom-
plcted treaty concluded during HresiueLt
Grants administration, November ~
1869, for the annexation OF the DOnllhlcdl
republic TO the United States. FOLLOWING
that example. the treaty now signed Oy
the plenipOtentiaries OF the United states
and the republic of Hawai- reserves ~
the Congress of the United states the
determination OF all questions @IrO.'i's @'o,'ts,
the form Of government OF the anheAeu
territory. the citizenship ana elec'lNe
franchise of It's inhabitants, and the mar
ner in which the laws of the United States
are 10 be extended to the isIands.
In order that this independence OF the
Congress shall be complete and unques-
tiOnable and pursuant to the recoShlzeu
doctrine of public law, that treaties expire
with the independent life OF the cohtrdct-
ING Stale there has been introduced. out
OF abundant caution. an express proVlso
for tbe discrimination of all treaties here
tofore concluded by Hawaii with foreign
nations and the extension to the lsiahus
of the treaties of the United states.
LABOR SYSTEM.
"This leaves Congress free to deal with
such especial refutation OF the contract
labor system Of the islands as clrcum-
stances may require. There oelng no gen
eral provision of existing statutes 10 pre-
scribe the form of government for newly
incorporated territory, 1t was necessary
10 stimulate. as in the dominican prece-
dent. for continuing the existing machlne-
ry of the government and laws IN the
Hawaiian Islands until provision snail De
made by law for the government, as
territory of the United States. of the
domain thus incorporated into the Union,
but having in view the peculiar statutes
created i'm Hawaii by laws enacted III
.e.erution of treaties heretofore concluded
between Hawaii and other countries, ohly
such Hawaiian laws are thus provisional
" continued as shall not be incompetence
with the Constitution or the IaWs OF tiS
United states. or with the provisions OF
this treaty. - ..,..,,.
lation is made prohibiting the coming Oh
Chinese laborers from the Hawaiian
islands to anv other part of our national
territory. This provision was proper ana
necessary, in view of the Chinese eAclu-
sion acts. and il behooved the nesouatois
10 see 10 it that this treaty, which in
t1rn is 10 become. i'm due constitutional
course the supreme law OF the lanu, shaH
NOT alter or amend existing law III TINS
most important regard; e.,,rp,,,N
"Denartment Of State Washington, June
l5 1891"
PROTEST FROM LILIUOKALANI.
WASHINGTON, June 17.-About 8
O'Clock this afternoon ex-Queen LIliuo-
kalani filed the following protest in the
office of the Secretary Of State. 1t was
delivered into the hands of Secretary
sherman by Mr.. Joseph Helelluhe rep
resenting the native Hawalians. duly
by two Of their patriotic
leagues Mr. Helelluhe, was accompanied
bv Captain Julius Palmer the American
secretary Of the ex-Queen NJ. sherman
treated the bearers most courteousiy'
but gave no indication of his acton III
the matter The protest is as foiiows'
.J Iiliuokalani. of Hawaii, 10y the VIII |
NJ God named heir apparent on the lOlh
~ of Anril 4. ID. lS1i and by the grace |
of God. Queen of the HaWallan i@Siahgs @
ON the 18th day of January, A. - 1919 uo
hereby protest against the ratlhcallon 9i |
, certain treaty which. so ] am INFORMED |
mas been signed al Washington by MessIs. |
Hatch. Thurston. and Kinney, puIPorllnS |
~ code those islands 10 the territory ana |
iorninion OF the United States. declare
such a treaty to be an act OF WRONG 10
yard the natives and part-nauFeS oI id
yaii and an invasion of the rights OF
he ruling chiefs. in violation OF lnterha,
,ional rights. both toward my people ana
-oward friendly nations with whoih they
nave made treaties, and an ACT Vi sioSS
Injustice to me. L..
"Because the official protests made by
ne on the Nth day of January. 1875, TO
he so-called provisional government was
signed by me and received by salu Coy
.~nment with the assurance that the
.ase was referred to the United States
If America for arbitration:
s.Because that protest, and my commu-
States Govern l