The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-25

Conservatives or Reichspartei, and recently
the ARrarians have branched forth from
the Conservative trunk. The Catholics or
Centrists have, 1t is true. o distinct plat
form and a firm organization; SO have the
Socialists; but neither party Is likely ever
to be strong enough to control the Reichs-
tag, and these parties cannot possibly actto-
gether except for a temporary exigency.
The situation in the Austrian Reichsrath 10
worse. There is n German party, a Czech
party. a Polish party, and q Socialist party,
besides several minor factions. Nobody
in Vienna pretends to see any hope OF i'm.
provement 1t is more nearly impracticable
for Count BApENI to govern to-day thar 1t
was for Count VoN TAAFE. In the popular
chamber of the Hungarian Diet the Mag
yars hold together and govern the country
uninterruptedly. They have to hold to-
gether In order to keep Town the Slavs in
Hungary and the Roumanians and Saxons
in Transylvania, who collectively outnum
Der the Magyars; what we witness
in Budapest, therefore, Is the tenacity OF
race feeling, not the cohesion OF party
organization. Even In France, so long as
the form of government was at stake, the
| Republicans constituted q compact, homo
| gcneous body; such was the case In 1877,
when, under the leadership Of GAMBErTA,
they won the decisive victory at the ballot
box over the FouRroU.DE BRoaLIE reao-
| tionary combination. No sooner was the
republic safe thar the Republican party
broke up into sections.
England, of course, presents . different
spectacle from any of tho other European
| Ck.A.. ,rls,h ho-n oHonfnA norltorpaptorv
government. There, since the last years Of
! WILLIAM I'LL, the House Of Commons has
been divided, as q rule. into two great par
ties, one Of which commonly has been OPP
posed to change, while the other has ad-
vocated change under the name OF re-
form. Yet even under ANNE and the
first GEORGE there was also q Jacobite
faction, weak In the House, but strong in
the country under GEORGE III. there was,
besides the Wings and Tories, a separate
party, known as the kings Friends" and
ever since the union Of Great Britain and
Ireland there has been an Irish party, more
or less Independent Of both Conservatives
and Liberals. At present the Irish party
itself has been rent into three factions. 1t
also seems improbable that such old
fashioned Liberals as Lord KIMBERLEY,
and such advanced Radicals as Mr..
L~ABoUcHERE, will continue long to oct
In the same political organization, and
1t Is equally unlikely that Lord SALISBURY
and Mr.. CHAMBERLAIN can pull together
for any extended period. The system of
political duality, whereby the work of gov.
eminent is carried on in turn by one or the
other of two great political parties. has by
80 ol1r,-o axSufal IN tho TTpifaI
States. WASHINGTON had no opponent for
the Presidency in 1888, or again in 1892
MONROE had no opponent in 1920; he re,
ceived every electoral vote but one. There
were four candidates for the Presidency in
1924, and there were several In 1882 and
1885. There were four candidates for the
Presidency in 1860. There were free
soil Senators and f~ree-soil Representative,
in Congress long before the Republican
party was formed. For two years before
that party was formed the INC Nothing
or Native American. party was very strong
in the popular branch of the Federal Legis
lature. There are Populist Senator'S ant
Populist Representatives to-day there ar
Silver Republicans and Gold Democrats
) the outcome Of which Subdivisions is tina
l party government in q strict sense /
: scarcely practicable in the Senate.
t We see. then, that there Is nothing singu
. lar or anomalous In the case of France. TIL
: French Chamber Of Deputies, with it
segregation into factions, simply presents a
Q instance of a general drift, which is exem
pliled still more strikingly in Italy an
Austria, and Of which there are unmistak
able signs in the cradle and in the sec
ond home of party government, Englan
and the United States. A condition c
n things, however, may be imagined unde
s which, even in France, the whole mass c
voters would be distributed into two grea
parties. Should the Socialists become s
formidable as to threaten completely t
control the French Parliament, we shout
soon behold all other Frenchmen banded /
a close league against them under the fla
of individualism.