davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25
THE THIRD RAIL SYSTEM IN ENG
LAND

THE THIRD RAIL SYSTEM IN ENG
LAND.
The latest addition to the system OF
underground railways in London will
probably rank as the most important OF
all these lines before It has been very
long in operation. II will b. known as
the Central London Railway. and. START
ing from the busy Liverpool Street Station
in the city. 1t viii run by way Of Holborn
and Oxford street along the northern
side Of Hyde Park to Shepherds Bush.
a distance OF six miles and half through
the busiest part Of London. The road
will be about sixty-fve feet below street
level, and will be carried in two slparate
and parallel tunnels-a similar plan to
tFat adopted in the Southwark under
ground railway In the same city. Each
station will be served by two elevators
and two stairways.
The new undertaking will have especial
interest for this country, from the fact
that the electrical equipment Of the road
Itself and Of the extensive system Of
elevators by which f. will be served win
be furnished By American Hrma.
The third rail equipment viii be put in
by the representatives in England Of the
General Electric Company-the British
Thomson-Houston Company. It will be
similar in its general outlines 10 that
which was employed by the General
Electric Company on the New York New
Haven & Hartford railway, and lnustrat-
ed in the Scientific American for June y
and 18th
The conductor will consist Of. an in
sulated third rail- placed on the ties be-
tween the main rails The service viii
differ from that on the New Haven line,
however, in that the trains win be hauled
by separate electric locomotives, whose
general appearance will conform to the
well known heavy locomotives which are
being used in the Belt line tunnel, at
Baltimore. On the New Haven line, It
will be remembered, the motor cars have
fun accommodation for passengers The
change Is made TO accommodate the re-
luced clearance Of the tunnels Equally
Interesting win be the extensive elevator
equipment. There will be 40 in all, and
they will be Of the wen known double
drum sprague type. Their capacity will
be 100 passengers per trip, or load OF
about 1000 pounds.
It Is very gratifying TO note that the
whole Of the electrical equipment Of such
IN important work in the capital city Of
'he world has been secured BY two Amor
ican firms, and the fact IS direct tribute
10 the high character Of electrical works
ia this country.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25
THE CROPS AND BUSINESS


The London Statist thinks the United
States is counting too much on the aid
which good crops this year VIII give to
general business. While the prospects,
as that paper comedies. are that the
crops viii be large in the United States,
the chances IL the other important pro-
ducing countries are. ii says also fa-
vorahle. This is hardly correct so far
as regards the o.her countries. The lates,
intelligence gives no basis for the as
sumption that the worlds wheat prcdue,
this year WIN be larger than it was in
ISs IT win be larger in the United
states to the extent of 100000 or lcO,-
oco.co bushels. but no important gains
are in sigh. in any other country, while
in some localities falling on is prob
able.
Another factor which is imporon, 10
bear in mind. but which the English
journals seems TO have left out Of ac-
count. is that the visible supply of wheat.
or the amount left over from the cop Of
1926 and previous accumulations. is
smaller than ii has been before since
1891 This includes all the wheat now
on hand on the American continent. in
Europe and in Australia. AS the popu-
lation Of the wheat-consuming nations
Of the world has. OF course. grown since
last year. the demand must increase.
and this means that prices win not go
below last years level. but are likely TO
so above it AS the United States is the
only important producing country in the
world which has made any materisI gain
in yield in 1877. this country cannot fail
to BE- benefited by the increased de-
mand.
II is easy TO show that the general
crop conditions throughout the world
are favorable to business prosperity in
the United States. The large crops here
and the small ones abroad for two or
three years in succession aroun,i the
time Of the resumption Of speci, pay
ments in this country in 1879 contributed
greatly toward making that policy an
immediate and pronounced success and
in bringing. in 1879 and lss0. a business
activity such as was never exceeded in
this country. With 1873 the Industrial
stagnation caused by the panic OF 1873
ended. and long period Of Industrial
prosperity then set in. From present
indications the effects Of the panic OF
1898 will cease by the close Of 1897. .=S
an era OF business expansion will begin.
Good crops here would be an excellent
aid in bringing the improvement to hand
and the good crops are reasonably GER
tain to come. The wheat yield Is al
ready assured, most Of the other c--rs
are in a promising condition, while 1.4e
outlook for corn is favorable. With the
larger demand for American food pro-
ducts that is sure to come from Europe.
it is reasonable TO assume thai the
American farmer and American worker
in other fields win soon see a business
improvement which will recall the days
of trade activity and prosperity It the
end of 1892.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25

Konakry, on the west coast OF Africa.
has been reached by a French expedition
In three weeks from the Niger. for the
second time. This establishes the adj
vantage Of The route by way OF Fuin-
pialon. and surveys for The road are
being FASTENED.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25

When you want real liie-lll&e and
artistic photo, don't fail to call on snod-
grass. The work he Is turning out now
Is ahead Of anything ever made in As
torla before.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25

or all the whisker dyes offered to the
public none have proved - desirable and
easy OF application as Bucknghnms. to
color beautiful brown or black.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25

II you desire a good head Of healthy,
moist sweet hair, select the best prepara-
tion to accomplish It. Halls Hair Re
newer is the best product Of science.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25
rERms OF sunscRrrrlos.
DAILY.

sent by mail. per $500
sent by mail, per month, h,,..,.".. so
served BY carrier per month..... as
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25
WEEKLY.

Sent by mail, per year 81 In advance,
Postage free TO subscribers.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25
ASTORIA & COLUMBIA RIVER RAILROAD

and m, and daily;
m p daily
m i.@ p daily
for "a a.
andsun
LEAVE a. M
m p M.
p m
daiy iS Saturday
only. M daily Saturday and Sunday
nj m
at m m
sunday only. [ 9 m, satu rday only.
$50 daily; 2B
only, md a p daily Saturday and Sunday,
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25

The American bark Coloma. Captain
c. NJ Noyes. arrived yesterday fiftecn
days from San Francisco. Headwlnds
all the way made the voyage slew
one She brought up 1850 bags and -
bales OF salt. weighing $500 pounds. for
Portland. The Coloma recently delivered
a large cargo Of Oriental goods at San
Francisco. and Captain Noyes has with
him az a passenger Young man named
Thompson. an electrical engineer. As
torians are always glad 10 welcome the
favorite coloma, the only deep-sNn yes.
sci owned on the Columbia. and her
gallant skipper Is known by everyone
and IS a general fayorite wherever he
goes.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25


because the "ca::..::sr happens
to be warm. II you have a
weak taroc::, a sl.glt hacking
cough, or some trouble with
the bronchi2. tubes, summer is
the best time 10 get rid OF it.
If you are losing flesh there is
all the more need Of attention.
Weakness about the chest and
thinness snould never go to-
gether One greatly increases
the danger Of the o:her Hea
the throat, cure the cough, and
Strengthen the whole system
now Keep taxing SCOTS
Emulsion 2ll sumner
For ssie by ali dras s.s-s at SOC and sI.oo
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25

The setamer Columblnc. Captain Con.
way arrived from san Francisco yes
terlay morning with large amount OF
freight for Astoria and Portland myr-
chants
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25

The schooner Laura May. Captain
Hansen. arrived In ballast from San
francisco yesterday, she'will load lum
ber In Portland
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25

The steamer Harrison. Captain sclra-
der, arrived In yesterday with cargo
OF dairy products from Tillamook.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25

The barkentine Northwest cleared yes
,er,iay FOR San Francisco with cargo
OF 10000 feet OF lumber.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25
MARINE NEWS.
m5U wArrR Low wArSr

's'-as--a-zasa--s-I.- ,-- asaaa-.a,-az-sas .asa.a
\ NJ rN A. NJ y N,
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25

Superinindint wuz Flanagan;
Boss av the siction wuz Finnigin;
whiniver the kyars so; offen the thraek
An muddled up things I tn devil and
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-07-25

D F stafford
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-12-07
BELLIGERENCY.

Turning 10 the practical aspects OF a
its conveniences and possible danger are
further pertinent considerations appear
ing, In the code OF nations there IS no
such thing as n naked recognition OF bel
ligerency unaccompanied by the assnmp-
tion Of national neutrality. Such recog-
milton without more will not confer upon
either party to a domestic conflict sta
tus not heretofore actually possessed or
AFFECT the relation OF either party to
other states. The act OF recognition usu-
ally takes the form OF solemn procla-
nation Of neutrality which recites the
de facto condition Of belligerency as its
motive. 1t announces a domestic law OF
neutrality in the declaring state. 1t as
sumes the international obligations of a
neutral in the presence of a state OF war
It warns all citizens and others within
the jurisdiction OF claimant that they
violate these rigorous obligations at their
own peril and cannot expect to be shield
ed from the consequence. Tue right OF
visit and search and seizure OF vessels
and cargoes and contraband Of war under
admiralty law must under international
law be admitted as legitimate conse-
auence Of a proclamation Of belligerelcy.
While according to equal belligarsnt
rights defined by public law to each party
In our ports dlsfavor would be impossible
to both, which while nominally equal.
would weigh heavily in behalf of Spain
herself. Possessing navy and claiming
the ports OF Cuba her maritime rights
could be asserted not only for the mill
tary investment of the island. but up to
the margin OF our own territorial waters.
and condition Of things would exist
for which the Cubans could not hope to
create a parallel; while its creation
through sympathy from within our do
main would be even more impossible than
now with an additional obligation OF in
ternatioual neutrality we would perforce
assume
The enforcement of this enlarged and
onerous code Of neutrality would only
be influential within our own jurlsdictior
Of land and sea and applicable by oul
own instrumentalities. It could tmpart &C
the United States no Jurisdiction between
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-12-07
THE UNTRIED MEASURES.

of the un,rieJ mea~Ires there remain
only:
Recognition Of the insurgents as bel
ligerenis recognition Of the independence
Of cuba; neutral intervention TO end the
war by imposing a rational compromise
between the contestants and interven-
tion in favor Of one or the other party ''
/ speak not Of tOrcihle annexation. for
that cannot ne Thought o. That by our
code Of right would be criminal aggreS-
sion. Recognition of belliSeren,y Of the
vas,ed a. a possible II not inevitable
step both In regard 10 the previous ten
years struggle ard during the present
war. I am not unmIndtul thar the two
houses Of congress in the spring Of lSs6
expressed the opinion by concurrent reso-
hutton that a condition Of public war ex-
listed requiring or justifyinG the recogni-
rion OF state OF belhgerency in Cuba.
and during the extra session the senate
voted joint resolution Of like import,
which however. was not brought to n
vote in the house. In the presence OF
these significant expressions OF the SEN
rimeHt OF the legislative branch, it be-
hooves the executive to soberly consider
the conditions under which so important
\ measure must needs rest for iustinca-
tiocp II is to be seriously considered
whether the Cuban insurrection possesses
beyond dispute the attributes OF state
hood Which alone can demand the recog-
milton OF belligerency In its favor. Pos
session. short Of the essential qualifica-
tions u sovereignty, by the Insurgents
and the conduct OF the war by them ac-
cording 20 the recognized code of war.
are no less important fatcors toward the
determination Of the problem Of belliger-
ency than the the influences and conse-
quences Of the struggle upon the internal
policy OF the recognizing. The utterances
Of President Grant in his memorable
message OF 1852 are signally relevant to
the present situation In Cuba and it may
he wholesome now to recall them. At
that time a serious conflict had for seven
years wasted the neighboring island,
During all those years an utter disregard
Of the laws Of civilized warfare and OF the
Just demands OF humanity, which called
forth expressions of condemnation from
the nations OF Christendom. continued
unabated Desolation and ruin pervaded
that productive region, enormously af-
fecting the commerce OF all commercial
nations, but that Of the United States
more than any other, by reason OF prox-
unity and larger trade and intercourse.
At that juncture General Grant uttered
these words, which now, as then, sum
up the elements Of the problem:
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-12-07
SPANS DEcRBEs.

All civil md electoral rights OF penin-
sular Spaniards are, in virtue Of existing
constitutional assembly. forthwith ex-
tended TO colonial Spaniarts. a scheme
OF autonomy mas been proclaimed py de-
cree to become effective upon ratifica ion
ment. which. with the iHsular executive.
can consider ard vote upon all questions
affecting local order and interests. pos
sessing unlimited powers save as TO wat
ter OF state. war and navy as 10 which
the governor-general acts by his own au-
thority as the delegate OF the central
governmnt. This parliament receives the
oath Of the encouragement to preserve
faithfully the liberties and privileges OF
the colony and to It the colonial secre-
taries arr responsible It has uhe rignt to
propose to the central government
through the governor-general modlfiea-
tions Of a charter and TO invite new pro-
iccts Of law or executive measures in the
interest OF the colony.
Besides its local powers it is compe-
tent, first, to regulate electoral registra-
ton and procedure and prescribe the
qualifications of electors and the manner
OF exercising suffrage; second. to organ
ize courts of justice with native judges
from members OF the local bar; third.
to frame the insular budget both as to
expenditures and revenues to meet the
Cuban share Of the national budget, which
latter will be voted by the national cortes
with the assistance of Cuban senators
and deputies; fourth, to initiate or take
part in the negotiations Of the national
government for commercial treaties which
may AFFECT Cuban interests; fifth. to ac-
cept or reject commercial treaties which
the national government may have con-
cluded without the participation of the
Cuban government; sixth, to frame the
colonial tariff. acting In accord with the
perinsular government In scheduling ar
| ticles of mutual commerce between the
mother country and the colonies. Before
introducing or voting upon a bill the Gu
ban government or the chambers will lay
the project before the central government
and hear its opinion thereon; all the
correspondence IN such regard being pub
lic Finally, an conflicts of jurisdiction
arising between the different municipal
provincial and insular assemblies, or be-
tween the latter and the insular executive
power, and which from their nature may
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-12-07
MUST HAVE \ PLAN.

II - manifest that we mast lcyisc some
plan To- prol,ct the suy,vnmsnt aFainH
bona issues for repeated red 'np;lons, We
must either curtnil the opportunity for
rprculnlinn made easy hy he multiplied
/ rcdcmpuons NJ our demand obligations.
or incrisc the gold reserve Tor heir rN
dcmption We hovc tsoO 400 oOn " eurrc1cy
T which the government by solemn cract.
mcnt has undertaken to keep nt par with
gold Nobody Il oblilcsi to rede I'm In
gold but the goycrnmcnt. The banks are
not required to redeem In gold. The gov
crnm,nt ~ Obliged 10 keep equal win
gold an lts outstanding currency and coin
obligations while It's receipts are no; re.
duircd TO be paid In gold They are paid
In cvvry Kind Of money but gold and the
only means by which the governmcnt can
with certainty SIT gold Is by borrowing
Il. II can get II IN no other way when
It most needs It, Thc government with.
out any fixed gold revenue Is pledged to
maintain gold redemption which It has
steadily and faithfully done and which
under the authority now given It will con.
tlnuc to do.
The law which requires the government,
after having redeemed It's notes, to pay
them out again as current funds demands
constant replenlshmcnt Of the gold re-
serve This Is especially so IN times OF
business panic and whea .he revenues
I TlaI.. IA,
the government At such times the rov-
ernment has no other way to supply us
deficit ami maintain redemption but
through the Increase N It's bonded debt
At tho urgent administration OF my pre-
dccessor when s262. 3l5, 400 Of four and one
half per cent bonds were issued and sold
the proceeds were used to pay expenses
of the government and sustain the golc
reserve. While II Is true that the greater
part OF the proceeds Of these bonds werC
used to supply deficient revenues a con
siderable portion was required to main
tain the gold reserve. With our revenue,
equal TO our EXPENSES there would be NJ
! deficit requiring the issuance OF bonds
But II the gold reserve falls belov 500,
100000, how will It be replcnished, excep
by selling bonds? Is there any other " a,
practicable under existing law? The seri
Gus question then is, shall we contlnu
the policy that mas been pursued In tn
past; that Is, when the gold reserv
reaches tho point Of LANCER, issue NOR
bonds and supply the needed gold, or sha
we provide other means to prevent thes
? recurring drains upon the gold reserv,
+ II no further legislation is had and IN
s policy OF selling bonds is to be continue,
!. then congress should give the secretar
!. Of tire treasury authority 10 sell bond
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-12-07
SPANS REPLY.

The reply to our note was received on
the 2sd day OF October. 1t is in the d.
rection Of a better understanding. 1t ap-
preciates the friendly proposals of this
government. It admits that our country
Is deeply Affected by the war in Cuba
and that its desires for peace are Just,
It declares that the present Spanish gov
ernment IS bound by every consideration
to a change OF policy that should satisfy
the United States and pacify Cuba within
reasonable time To this end Spain
has decided to put into effect the polit-
ical reforms heretofore advocated by the
present premier. without halt!ng for any
consideration in the path which in It's
Judgment leads to peace.
The military operations, It Is said, will
continue, but will be humane and con-
Quoted with all regard for private rights,
being accompanied by political action
leading to the autonomy Of Cuba, while
guarding Spanish sovereignty. This. It 1,
claimed. will result I'm Investing Cuba
with a distinct personality. the island
to be governed by an executive and by q
local councll OF chamber reserving tc
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-12-07
SPAIN AND CUBA.

The most important problem with which
this country IS now called upon 10 deal,
that pertaining TO It's for.isu relations
concerns It's duty toward Spain and the
Cuban insurJS,ion. Problems ana condi-
tlons more or less in common with those
now existing have confronted This gov
crnmcnt at various times in thc past
The story ~ cuba for many years has
been one ot unrest: growing discomfort;
an efrCrt toward the larger enjoyment Of
liberty and self-control, u organized re-
sistance tn the mother country; of de-
preston and warfare and OF inefrec ctual
settlement to he followed by renewed
revolt For no enduring perioN since the
entranchise nent OF ;he continental pos
session Of Spain in the Western conti-
nent has the condition Of Cuba or the
policy Of Spain towards Cuba not caused
concern to the United States. The pros
pect from :ime 10 time that the weak
ness OF SPANS hold upon the island and
the political vlcissitules and enlharrass-
ments Of the home government might lead
to the transfer OF Cuba 20 the continental
power called forth, between 1898 and 1850,
various emphatic declarations OF the
United States to permit no disturbances
Of Cuba's connection with Spain unless
In the direction OF independence or ac-
auIsition by the United States through
purchase. nor mas there been any change
OF this declared policy since upon the
part OF the government
The revolution whihc began in 1865 and
lasted for ten years. despite the strenuous
efforts OF the successive peninsular gov
ernment to suppress Il. Then as now
/ the government Of the United States tes-
! titled It's grave conce-n and offered its aid
TO put an end to bloonshed In Cuba. The
overtures made by General Grant were
refused and the war dragged on, entail
ing great loss Of life and treasure, and
Increased injury to American interests
besides throwing enhanced burdens OF
neutrality upon rhis gogerameat In ISIS
peace was brought about by the truce
J OF Zanjon. obtained by negotiations be-
tween the Spanish commander, Martini
! de Campos, and the insurgent leaders
/, The present inslrrection broke out IN
: February, 1895 II Is not my purpose a
: this time 10 recall lts remarkable In