The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-01-17
did not omman a. zee a. all. n. po,, M.

did not command at sea at all. the post mn.
der Henry VIII. became one Of aetna,
executive control, and. later. of admins.
trative responsibility. The Lord Admitsl,
of this reign. however. were mostly mrn
who, before or aiterward, held other ic,.
portant State or household appointments.
and who had no expert knowledge OF the din.
ties. Thus. In 1915. when the French m,de =,
real attempt to contest the command Of tho -,
John Dudley, Lord Isle, afterwari Duke y,
northumberland. commanded tho Eurl.n
forces. hut failed to come To close Quarter, vi,I
his ndversaries. III We may believe his own ,nr'
fession. he distrustcd his pow crS and rrcnprt,.i
were still usually military officers or ,our, va
who made 20 attempt to work the ship. nix
were. for The most part. persons holding mn.
pointmeuts In the household. hut, tuwnrd M.
end of the reign. the new feeling that Ir -ca
was OF. no less imIortance thai til" lana .ss
we're almost professional sramrn. Trr.n. WIG
belonged to the class no would earlier nav.
been content TO command soldier, d.rit ralov..
age. but who wore now continuously q rn,t,g
In commanding ships nj SEA, OF IN uiiunu,gv
to administrative details a.hOrr. Nm,k.
i Ti%s:'' and . iisS.nts . p %sy. T Sat , I%S W. .,i;
frcqucntly extra allowances. The work ING ~, =
ship was done Wy "a master. assisted 10y Il INA
ter's mate, -n~uartermnsters. and II luit,w,n
In the Peter Pomrgrnnate." which lnny
DO taken as n represeu, attve shin. tIs
OF twenty.eight dave; the mast,i', m%,n
and quarterninstcrs. 10 shiilings: the hnr,'
swain, !" s%hillirgs and u pence. and ord.
nary scnmen. b slilllngsa month. Suigrousgn,
10 sliillings or moro. and pilots 20 or so sit,,..
ings a month: but neither were always carr ID.
In 1872 the cost of provisioning each man VEN.
computed nj | shilling and 3 pence a week
Captain, finding that he was running snor,
c %T9,s to ir. ,he S ssSu. thai 1%r Unless he re;
cannot keep them In order. for, II we lack
y%ictuals and wages Mt any time. rs We'll
SpaniRrds as Englishmen shall urmur
That was an eLDeIIenrr MANY later nt.,r
were % lind com monulace. Most nf the yictuaL'
ling difficulties In subsequent reigns Were I Il"
tn want of money or to absolute kuAvery. I'M
the ADVERTISEMENTS at this date seem 10 hays
been generally caused BY lack OF orgAnizat,on
large fleets that We're to keep the sea longer
than formerly There Is. however, n i.,tc. ~,
Lord Admiral Howard belonging TO l5l2 which
shows that roguery was even then at work.
The Dursers. ~ class who have moved through
naval history under the malrdiction- OF genera.
lions OF seainen. were already condemned.
The increase in the navy and the additional
work caused by the mobilization OF fleets nece,.
STATED an augmentation OF the force on IN.
administrative side OF the department, thonsh
no Systematic and permanent. change was made
until the close OF the reign. IL will he Of inter.
Henry to tho formation of the Savy Board
Beyond discontent with the I'D IN i~stratinn In
lb45. tho additions made to the fleet IN nc
following year suggest that It was hi, i]n,rntion
to still further strengthen the navy. and ex-
had doubtless shown. that tie old or.
Kanizntion was too inelastic for more than .
number Of ships acting within a re-.
sphere. Hitherto fleets had carried
troops. landed them. and returned homs,
and returned home; but now the era d
long cruises was beginning. and tho tran.
sltion necessarily involved additional adj.
illustrative work. with which the so.calIrd
Clerk OF the Ships. or the Comptroller. could no;
alone cope. Another subject OF inquiry 1. tho
on which the board was formed. II was
not derived from any foreign power. for the or.
was; then and long afterwa,d ~.
peri3r to anything existing abroad. and. also,
unlike anything. The similarity OF many NJ,
suggest. that the naval organizatina va,
from the constitution OF the Ordnance
.mce which. also, Henry VIII. had re:
Tho Lieutenant OF the Admiralty.
acting under the Admiral OF England. ius; a,
me Lieutenant OF the Ordnance acted underiis
WAS originally intended to %
he most important member OF the hoard
But presently this post was allowed to remain
vacant, and the treasurership, when occupied
the chief administrative Office. Another
cause OF tho Treasurrr's ascendancy II to ts
found In the fact that he Lad to he a mar q
some capital. able and willing to advance money
altered by the new administrative ar.
rangcmont. The Lord Admiral had been III
now only a com blatant officer; from this date lie
more or less frequently and directly
N matters ~ administration for which 10
vas nominally Responsible. But whenever
he member OF the Navy, Board were men
" weight and reputation. his action NANNY
.ook the course OF agreeing with the advice
him. Under the new arrangement tho
Jerk of the Ships became avery subordinate
Nicer; II is true that more than n century
alter Pepys claimed that tho clerk possessed
rom former times a consultative and equal
Toice with the other officers. In \. u. 1900. how
'ver. his duties are distinctly said TO be- confined
o registering the resolutions OF the board gen
rally, The. gradual alteration. 81 his. utle
rom Clerk OF Tho Ships 10 Clerk OF tho Acs 10
tsolf u sign that his functions had become
,urely secretarial.