davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
SPIRIT . 90.
.RAPPlNGs.

were heard on the floor of the cabin OF the
boat.
After number Of meetings had been
held in the home of Mrs Fish in Rochester,
the spirits insisted that public meeting
he held, but this was opposed 10y the family,
and the ''invisihlcs'' declared that their
wishes were complied with.
The rappings did cease for time when
morning was done, and it was finally de-
cded to hold mretiug as the spirits had
requested, and it was held in the old
Corinthian Hall on the evening Of Novem-
hrr iith, 1919. \ number of prominent
citizens appeared on the platform with
Mrs Fish and her sister, Margaret Fox,
the Medium. The hall was filled The
phenom ma were manifested freely and
were subjected to many tests. A COM
mittee appointed to investigate the pro-
ceedings reported that it was unable to
trace the phenomena to any mundane
agency.
The report was a Disappointment to the
majority OF those present for the skrptics
had expected thorough exposure. A
second committee was appointed, consist
ing of prominent men.
The investigation was conducted at the
office of Chancellor Whittl,sny. Mrs.
Fish and Margaret Fox were placed in q
number Of different positions, and every
precauton was taken to prevent fraud, and
a. the result of the iuvesti CATION it was tie
unanimous opinion OF the committee that
the sounds were ''inexplicable "
By this time the excitement in the city
was intense. Much dissatisfaction was
expressed at the methods Of the committee,
and third one was appointed, among its
memhers being two physicians This COM
mittee was even more exacting in its tests,
hut was unable to discover the cause of the
sounds.
When it reported failure there was
almost riot. Threats were freely made
against the lives OF the mediums, and the
ass stance of the police was asked. These
precautions proved necessary, as the
audience, frantic with excitement, made a
determined rush for the platform, Shrek
ing maledctions and hurting threats at
the two slender, pale but, composed
women, who seemed not to heed the angry
surgings of the mob.
1t required the utmost efforts of the
squad of police to remove the Fox sisters to
"A place of safety. Never since those first
days ofspirit rappings has Rochester been in
throes of such wild and general excitement
During that first year it took degree OF
moral and physical courage to be a Spirit
ualist.
In 1850 the Fox girls gave sceanes in New
York. and the alleged spiritual manifesto
tions became the subject of extensive dis
cussion. Mediums sprang up all over the
country and we've multiplied by thou
sands.
For years the Fox sisters startled the
country, but as time passed the intesest in
spirit rappings and other alleged phe-
nomena grew gradually less and finally
seemed to die altogether. One OF the Fox
sisters married DR.. Cane the arctic ex-
plorer, while the younger sister, Kate,
married Dr. Geucken, prominent ply
scian.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
A zeal Catarrh Cure.

The 10 cent trial size Of Ely's Cream
Balm which can he had Of the druggist is
sufficient to demonstrate its great merit
Send 10 cents, we will mail it. Full size
sos.
ELY BROS, sc Warren ST., \. Y. City.
Catarrh caused difficulty in speaking and
to 4 great extent loss Of hearing. by the
nse of Ely. Cream Balm dropping of
mucous has ceased, voice and hearing have
greatly improyed.-J. W. Davidson, Atty
ar law, Monmouth, ILL.,
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
Valuable to Women.

Especially valuable to women is Browns
Iron Bitters. Backache vanishes, headache
disappears strength takes the place of
weakness, and the glow of health readily
comes to the pallid check when this won
dcrful remedy is taken. For sichly children
or overworked men it has no equal No home
should he without this famous remedy.
Browns Iron Btters is sold by all dealers.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

81 think" said the gentlemanly col
lector, that it is about time you were
paying something on that press 1t has
been almost year since you got it,"
But" said the editor of the Jazevills
Gazette, you told me that the darn press
would pay for itself in six months. -
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

"IIaven't saw you for some time" said
She ossiiod man. Been on vacation?"
'Mhy, not exactly, said the only living
female skeleton. II have been doing some
posing for Teller that was getting up fash
ion plates. indianapolis journal.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

Teacher-Why were you absent yester-
day?
Tommy-Papa was picking pears.
"Did you help him to pick pears?"
ono, but | stood on the fence and
watched to see il anybody was coming"
New York Sunday World.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

But she has no voice, no looks, no art,
no anything to give her claim to public
attention"
''She hasn't eh? What's the matter
with Ter press agent?'-DetToit News.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

Towne-I don't believe that alimony
can be legally collected
Browne-Why not?
Towne Well, marriage is generally
recognized as lottery, so alimony must be
a gambling debt. New York Truth.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

''W ere your wife's pictures satis'actory?'
Good pictures enough, but nos at all
natural"
"Wh hat was the defect?"
"Why, the fool Of a photographer took
her while she was looking pleasant. -
Philadelphia Bulletin.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

Perry Patettic Well, what luck?
Wayworn Watson-Worse in the world.
He gimme a meal ticket
"Oh, it might o. been worse struck a
guy yesterday that gimme order on a
bathhouse. "-Cincinnat Enquirer.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

tits the man who persists as rise in
the world, remarked Mr.. Rafferty, SEN
tentiously.
"Thrue for yez,' replied Mr.. Dolan
IAN fur proof Oh kin point till the tomb
stone iv fri'nd thot persisted in thawin
dynamite be shtove. w Washington Star.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

Mrs. Newwed-My husband always gives
me kiss when he goes to get a scuttle Of
coal
Mrs. Oldwed-Well in about year you
will be lucky if you get the coal Brook
Ign Life.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
The Cecil Telephone and
Telegraph Company
OF CECIL COUNTY.

NNNS
invites especial attention of the public to
reduced prices for rental of
BELL TELEPHONES:
Business Places $50 per annum
Residences $40 per annum
The lines of the Company extend to all
parts of the county, and connection is soon
to be made with the cities. Its present
subscribers are:
National Bank of Elkton.
Canal Oilicc, Chesapeake City.
T. j. Clcuvcr's Residence, Chesapeake CITY
i. j. Cleaners Office, Town Point.
Elkton +. l.. p. Co.
ElktOn Appeal.
Second National Bank of Elkton.
II. Ninsingcr's Store, Elkton.
Clerks OMcc, Elkton.
10 II. NJ. McCullOugh's ONCE. Elkton
II II. c. Wells Drug Store, Elkton
II Singcrly's Office, Elkton.
II K. Lewis store and Residence, Ekton.
Is Harvcy's Mil, Chids.
Ii Cherry Hill Exchange.
II Aims House.
Is North East Exchange.
20 Keys Miller, Elkton.
81 Davis n Ninsingur's Mill, Elkton.
. Cecil Democrat Oilicc.
"a }. II. Stcclc's Omcc. Chesapeake City.
p }. II. Stccle's Residence, Chesapeake City.
III J. II. Steclc's ONCE, Bohemia Bridge
q +. II. SCOTS Residence, Elkton.
% \. G. Browns Store, Elkton.
go Cecil Wing Oncc. ElktOn.
80 w. Il. Warburton's Residence, Elkton.
y Elkton Il. II. Station, Passenger.
8 w. 5. Evans ONCE, Elkton.
IS Freight Office, P.,W n 3. X. r., Elkton.
81 }. 5. Writ Residence, ElktOn.
81 County Commissioners Oilice Eikton.
80 Scott Fertilizer Co., Elkton.
40 w. Y. WarburtOn's Office, Ekton.
II Mrs. J. a. j. Crcswcll's Residence. Elkton
~ Startling Bccks Drug Store, Ellton.
43 X. Il. Jamars Residence. Elkton.
~ Register of Wills Office, Elkton.
a Chesapeake City Exchange.
IS Jail, Ekton.
80 c. G. Wells Residence, Elkton.
j. j. Ryan's Residence, Town Point.
Maryland Water Company, Elkton.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11
In Men1oriam.

Once more the skill of the best physi-
clans have been baifled and a dear one
has passed away. Mrs. Mamie F. Shaull,
beloved wife of Thomas NJ. Shaull died
at her home near Shenandoah Junction,
W. Va, February 6, 1897, aged II years,
) months and Is days. She was the
daughter of Amanda NJ. and the late c.
G.. Littleton. through whose religious
training and influence she was converted
i'm youth and Joined the church militant
at the age of fifteen, lived an exemplary
Christian for nearly thirty years and then
Joined the church triumphant. She was
n member of the Baptist Church in
Charlestown, respected by all who knew
her. loved by all her relatives and ac-
ouaintances. a martyr to her conviction
of duty to the sick. and best Of all an
ardent believer in. and faithful member
of the church of her choice. The beau
tiful simplicity Of her domestic life and
the reciprocal affection of husband and
wife and parent and children, united
with a uniform eXempliicatiOn OF those
wOmanlv virtues which are found in Il
true Christian home, made her tireside
the dearest spot on earth 10 the family,
and place where friends loved to linger
and desired often TO return. We have
no doubt that she had her faults. but in
an acquaintance of many years the writ
or never saw them. While she had been
q Great sufferer at times with cancer on
her face for number Of years, an acute
attack of pneumonia was the immediate
cause of her death.
Through years of faithful Christian
service She had stored Il treasure of
faith and peace and hope which support
ed her i'm all of her SutfcringS, enabled
her 10 bear them with true Christian pa
thence and meekneSs. When the end
came she was quite ready to depart and
be with Christ and join the loved ones
who had preceded her to the heavenly
nome. Thus good woman, true wo-
man. a faithful woman, a useful woman
has passed from toll 10 rest, from the
conflicts of the world 10 the triumphS of
glory. and from the disappointment OF
earth to the satisfying realities OF the
beautiful home above.
Funeral service was conducted by her
pastor. Rev :. W. Cole, assisted by Rev.
Moncure. Text taken from 10th Psalm.
18th verse. Her remains were Inferred
i'm the cemetery at CharleStown in the
presence of large cOncourSe Of friends.
\ FRIEND.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11
Free Pills.

Send your address to H. E. Bucklen
& Co., Chicago, and get free sample
box of DR.. Kings New Life Pills. A
trial will convince you of their merits.
These pills are easy in action and are
particularly effective in the cure of
Constipation and Sick Headache. For
Malaria and Liver troubles they have
been proved invaluable. They are
guaranteed to be perfectly free from
every deleterious substance and to be
purely vegetable. They do not weak
en- by their action, Jut by giving tone
to stomach and bowels greatly lnvlg-
crate the system. Regular size 25c.
per box. Sold by all Druggists.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11
Wedding Bells.

The home of Mr.. James Bcnner was
the scene of a pretty wedding on last
Wednesday evening, when Mr.. Benton
:. Blue and Miss Mary Il. Benner were
united in the holy bonds Of matrlmony
bv Rev W. h. ID. Moncure in the pres
ence of few of their intimate friends,
il being quiet affair on account OF the
illness of the brides mother. The bride
was becomingly attired in travelling
suit of blue broadcloth with hat to
match, the groom wore the conventional
black. After receiving congratulations
the bridal party Immediately repaired
to the home of the groom 5 father where.
a brilliant reception was given them.
The many guests were beautifully en-
tertained by the host and hostess in their
bright and cheerful home which was
thrown open for an evening OF social
lows. sweet music and total happiness.
The parlorS being handsomely deco
rated with smilaX and fern, and with
beauty on all sides, made one feel, truly,
that there's always happiness when
love is at home Thus, Il part of the
evening was spent until nine-thirty
o'clock. when all retired TO the dining
room and partook of a grand supper,
consisting of all the delicacies OF the
season.
Our wishes for this happy couple IS
that their path may ever be strewn with
roses. and their lives be one of sunshine
and prosperity. a GUEST
Lcetown, February II, 1891
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11
stop-over Privilege at Washington.

a ten day stop over at Washington, D..
c.. is now granted on all through tickets
between the East and West, via Balti-
more X Ohio r. X. Stop-over will also
be granted on the return Journey made
on round trip tickets. within the final
limit of such tickets, but not exceeding
ten days Passengers will deposit their
tickets with the Ticket Agent at b. X O..
II. II. Station in Washington, who will
retain them until the Journey is TO be
resumed when they will be made good
for continuous passage to destination by
extension or exchange. This arrange
ment will doubtless be greatly apprcci-
atcd by the travelling public because it
will permit the holders of through tick
cts to make a brief visit TO the National
Capital without additional outlay for
railroad fare.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11

1t now turns out that J. T. Shuler,
the supposed suicide, is wanted at
Romney, this State, for jumping a bond
for his appearance before the court on
the charge Of selling liquor Illegally,
The Indictment was found nearly two
years ago. A warrant was issued for
his arrest and placed in the hands of
the sheriff, but Shuler was in Virginia
whenever the officer went to look for
him. Some time ago a letter was re-
ceived by Prosecuting Attorney Corn
well, at Romney, from Shuler, in which
he stated that he had been misrepre-
sented badly and that he was anxious
to get the indictment settled. The
prosecuting attorney, in reply, advised
him to give himself up. Accordingly
in few days Sbuler voluntarily sur
rendered to Deputy Sheriff Miller, who
placed him under a bond for his APP
pearance at court at Romney. Al
though the letter found near Williams
port made It appear that ShuIer com
mittsd suicide on OF before January
25, he was known to have spent all Of
the following Sunday in Cumberland.
1t is the opinion Of Hampshire county
people that Shuler has jumped his bond
given for his appearance at court and
wrote the suicide letter to prevent his
bond being forfeited.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11

For your Protection.-Catarrh' cures
in LIQUID form to be taken internally,
usually contain Mercury or Iodide OF
Potassa. or both, which are injurious If
too long taken. Catarrh is local, not a
blood disease, caused by cold and damp
weather. 1t starts in the nasal passages.
Cold in the head, ifrepeatedly neglected,
results in catarrh. Ely's Cream Balm is
the acknowledged cure for these troubles
and contains no mercury nor any injuri-
Gus drug.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11
PUBLIC SALE.

The undersigned, intending u reduce his
farming, W II offer at public sale, at the late
residence OF Mrs. Mary r. Jones, y mile south
or Kearneysville and miles north Of lie g.
town, on the turnpike leading from Shep-
herdstown to Mlddleway,
On Thursday, March II, 1907,
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11
$4,000 it. of Oak Lumber,

consisting OF fencing boards. fencing plank
and the rema iuder No. pinch plank; about
% tons OF No. ! HAY, quite "A lot OF CORN,
FODDER by the bundle, sausage machine.
lard press about 1900 PDjN - OF BACON
AND LARD, lot OF potatoes and apples. cidor
and CIDER vinegar lawn mowers. Ner8uda
chairs. lot OF rubber hose and reel, bureaus,
beistea = bedding, non betsteads, lot OF
Chiuawart, glassware, Queensware. wooden
ware, tinware and Siouewate, kitchen safe.
wash boiler and clothes Wringer, large churn
and two small churns, Gutter maker, butter
moulds creamery ssts OF Fairbauk scales,
/ milk buckets, "A quantity or garden tools,
l75 grain bags. vegetable chopper. 100 chick
ems. nearly all Plymouth Rock ; lot OF chick
en- coops on legs, 500 screens for grass, lot OF
blacksmith tools, complete: Office desks.
chairs, a lot Of old iron and many other arti-
cles too tedious 10 enumerate.
All the above described property has been
well taken care Of and is In hrst-class condi-
ton.
TERMS-A credit Of : months will be given
on all sums OF ten dollars and upwards, the
purchaser giving note with approved securi-
w. negotiable ana payable at the Jefferson
Savings Bank OF ShepherdstOWn, or Citizens
National Bank OF Martinsburg, with interest
rom date, but II paid Mt maturity Interest
Will be rcmitlcd. sums under ten dollars the
cash will be required. No property 10 he re-
moved until the terms are complied with.
K. ID. SHEPHERD,
j. W. Dodd, Auctioner.
John +. Roberts. Clerk.
T. S.-The suctiOncr requests that the
crowd come early, as the sale commences
promptly a. the hour above mentioued-J
O'Clock.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11

Four-horse wagon and bed. and two DINER
farm wagons, costing $40; No. buggy In
perfect order, costing $50; splendid iaillng-
Top ca riage I'm perfect order, costing $500 /:
cutter sleigh and chimes; four-wheel road
cart, brand new, never been used speed cart.
good as new; manure spreader, cost Sl5J, IN
perfect order and a grand implement: road
harm cart, express wagon, Walter A WOOD
binders good as new: moving machines,
uew:2 all steel Tiger make horse rahes,
double-row check corn planter, good rs new I:
phosphate grain drills, Farm roller. q.ile a
mum Der OF OHrshear plows OF Inherent makes,
a number OF single and double shovel plows'
a number OF narrows, some are Spring-tOOih;
potato planter, ed Sower, > large machine
sheets made OF hrst-claSs sailors duchlus {;
sulky pillow, ST. John make; buggy spread. :
sets breecnbands. sets front gears, sets
plow gears. 8 sets cart gears, sets hOusen, :
six horse wagon lines, sets check lines, b
work brides. lot OF backbGnd>. wagon saddle,
riding saddle, lsdy's side saddle. 10 COW hait'
ers collars, a uumb-r OF leather matters
cutting box double set driving harness, Ssin-
- lie sets OF harness, whips, bits OF various
STYLES. horse blankets, > corn and cob mills,
circular saw mill, tuuT-horse power, cotton
betting, on horse power. brand new corn
shelters, 5 gTiuds tones, excellent tool chest,
Baker wheat fan, Cyclone ian, several pairs
Cf Epreaders. quite a number OF single, douh-
lie and treble trees, lot OF hay forks, number
or dung boards, long handled forks, pair OF
shelViugs lot OF canvas, cider press, IuL OF
woven wire fence,
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11
The Mount Lebanon Shakers haveiin-

The Mount Lebanon Shakers havein-
vented great many valuable things.
They were the first to make brooms by
machinery; the first to put up seeds IN
little packages; the first to manufacture
cut nails.
Now they are out with a method of cur.
ing dyspepsia by resting the stomach.
Their remedy is known as the Shaker Di-
gestive Cordial. 1t supplies food in an
artficially digeSted form and at the same
time aids the digestion of other foods in
the stomach. In other words, by the use
Of the Shaker Digestive Cordial, dyS-
peptic virtually gets along without the
use of his stomach until it is restored to
its natural strength and vigor y single
10 cent bottle will oft-times give marked
relief. Get a bottle from your druggist
and try il.
Laxol is the best medicine for children.
Doctors recommend it in place of Castor
nil
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11
Resolutions of Respect.

WHEREAS, 1t has pleased the Almighty
Ruler of the universe to remove from
this life the beloved mother of our high
ly esteemed teacher, Prof. c. J. Miller,
Resolved, LIST, That we, the students
of Shepherd College, tender our most
heartfelt sympathies to Prof. Miller in
his sad and lonely bereavement.
ResOived. I'd, That, though sadness is
brought to many hearts by this death,
we humbly submit to God, who in His
infinite wisdom. does all Things for the
best.
Resolved, Sd, That a copy of these
resolutions be presented to Prof. Miller,
and that they be printed in the College
and local papers.
A. ". PORTERFIELD.
ELLA c. HOFFMAN,
CLARA &. GREENWOOD.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11
An Old Settler.

When the rheumatism first pTe-empts Ger.
tain tracts OF your anatomy II may be oUsted
easily. but wnen IL bee mes an old settler IL
is pretty hard to bulge. Remember this when
you experience the first twinges OF this OBJ
siinate and agoniZing disease, and attack II
with Hostetter's Stomach Bitters. 1t Will
then make tracks and possibly leave you
unmolested and in peRceable possession Of
Your own comfort in the future. Peril always
account of its tendency to attack the heart
Usually il is complicated with kidney troub-
lie. Certain is IL that the kidneys, when
aroused by the Bitters, will eliminate impur-
tiles which give rise To rheumatism and drop
sy In Indictment or wet conditions of the
weather. the Bitters. taken in advance. Will
often avert rheumatic trouble Use this gen.
ial family medicine for dyspepsia, bilious
ness, headache and constipation.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11
The Dreaded Consumption Can
Be Cured.
r. A. Slocum, NJ. c., the Great Chemist and
Scientist VIII Send Free, Three Bottles of His
Newly Discovered Remedies to Sufferers.

EDITOR REGIsTER-I have discovered
a reliable cure for Consumption and all
Bronchial, Throat and Lung Diseases,
Genera Decline, Loss of Flesh and all
Conditions of Wasting Away. BY its
timely use thousands of apparently hope
less cases have been cured. So proof-pos-
tive am of its power to cure, that to
make its merits known, will send, free,
to any afflicted reader of your paper,
three bottles Of my Newly Discovered
Remedies upon receipt of Express and
Postofice Address. 7. \. SLOCUM, NJ.
c.. 9S Pine Street. New York. When
writing the Doctor, please mention this
paper
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11
No. 5---ABOUT 10 ACRES OF LAND,

(adioining No. a, frontingon the public
roads TO SharpSburg and To Antietam,
and is mterSectcd by and fronts on both
sides of the NORFOLK n WESTERN RAIL
ROAD at its bridge, and whore II crosses
the c. x .. CANAL. and is advantageous
" located to be laid off in building lots
or business sites. and worthy the atten-
ton of investors looking to future enter
prise or development.
The above property will be offered
separately. as numbered; also in two
parcels. EAST and WEST of the road; and
as whole. as may best suit purchasers.
4 PLAT will be submitted on day OF sale.
TERMS. -One-third cash on day of
sale. and the residue in two equal pay
mentS at one and two years respectively,
with interest from day of sale payable
annually. to be evidenced by the bonds
of the purchaser and secured by lien
upon the property.
Call on. or address, at Shepherdstown,
W. Va.
GEO. VI. BELTZHOONER.
G.. r. HODGES,
II. l.. SNYDER.
Committee.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11

A LEXow committee in New York
has been investigating the Sugar Trust,
There will be little gained, however,
for, although on their oath, the officials
of this great monopoly have told the
NEST deliberate lies in order to prevent
their secrets from becoming known.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1897-02-11

THE lobbyists have become 50 an
moving in the West Virginia Legislo-
ture that it has been necessary to put
up a rail to protect the members
sort of trocha, as it were.