Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-25
CONGRESS LIBRARY.
GRANITE TYPES on Thi"'
THREE RACES OF MAN.
A Full Description of The ""s"i"-
cent BuiidinE-Its Many
pot,ts-Its Carvings and Accommo-
dations-Other Features.

this day:
Five" the answer was.
Name them
1.-THE Caucasian, the Monaghan, the
Ethiopian. the Indian. and the Malay"
The outer walls Of the new library
teach better. The faces OF type from
thirty-three distinct races Of men are
chiselled In granite and look down from
the walls. The faces are two feet long.
They are carved on the granite blocks,
which form the keystones of the arches
over the large windows. The sculptural
effect in the fiinty granite is very fine.
Some of the faces seem enough like life
to speak. Librarian Spofford thinks
these heads Of the different races fur
nish one Of the unique features Of the
library. They serve rs an object-lesson
I'm ethnology, he says, as well as in
the art OF portraiture. That the types
are accurate and the racial division well
taken IS certified by the government
ethnologists, who furnished the draw
ings from which the chisel copied An
order has been observed in the placing
Of the races. on the west front,
trance the window arches are occupied
by the heads Of the races most intel
lectually developed. over the most con-
spicuous large window to the left Of
the entrance is the head Of the Saxon,
while in the corresponding place OLA the
right is the Latin. These represent the
highest types. the Saxon standing for
the long-headed people, who had their
origin on the Scandinavian peninsula,
who settled Northern Britain and whose
impress upon the world is seen to-day
where civilization has made its great
est advancement The Latin stands for
tho Italian, the French, the Spanish, the
Portuguese. and those nations whose
countries the Romans conquered and
colonized. For the faces Of the Saxon
and the Latin type the ethnologists did
not have to 90 far.
The next face presents the acquline
nose and oval face of the Greek. An
interesting face it is just now. with
news from Crete. Then come in turn
the Persian, the Circassian, and the
Brahman. The Persian, from a woman's
point OF view, would be pronounced the
handsomest Of all OF the thirty-odd types.
The Circassian stands for an almost ex-
tinct raca There is much strength in
the features of the Brahman, as there
ought to be. from the worlds conception
of the distinguishing pride of high caste.
Intelligence and dignity combine to pro-
duce a fine face beneath the turban. On
the south wall Of the library the sun
falls upon the heads Of the Hungarian,
the Semitic, and the Arab. Restless in
tensity is expressed I'm the Jewish type,
and calm, courageous repose in the
Arabs features. There has been no
such wanderer on the face Of the earth
as the Jew. There Is no race which has
come so near standing still as the Arab
in the isolates desert country.
The Turk, the Egyptian. and the Abys-
sinian are grouped. quite naturally, on
the wall near the southwest corner The
New Hampshire granite out Of which
the faces are carved forbIds the racial
colorng. The Caucasian and the negro
| are presented in the same cold gray, but
the racial differences I'm lineaments ares
nevertheless. brought out in most
striking manner. Ii may be imagination
only, fred by the daily news from the
Mediterranean, but most visitors who
make the circuit of the outer walls OF
the library cannot hep turning back for
a second look at the Greek, 200 feet
away after they have looked upon the
stone face Of the Turk. The Lnspeak-
! able personification Of craft and cruelty
company, with the deceitful Egyptian be-
side him. Thick lips. high cheek-Dones,
and an unpleasant sharpness Of the
| other features go to make Up the
| Egyptian as he was before he leterio-
| rated and modified under the influences
of conquest and modern civilization
There is intellectually in the faces Of
| the Turk and the Egyptian, not seen In
their ueXt-window companion, the Abys-
sinian. Yet most people move on with
/ an impression of sympathy for the lat
ter, as Cutclassed by his company In
meanness and treachery.
Facing the east are the heads Of the I'M
| civilized. They are looking backward, as
It We're. for the library is. quite properly
in accordance with the worlds progress,
fronted toward the setting sun. The Ma
| lay, the POlynesian, and the Australian
| are grouped together. As man improved
the nose has pushed forward. The noses
| of these uncivilized people are on the re-
/ treat they are sunken Large lips, high
! cheek bones, deep lines between the eyes
and a general look of restlessness charac-
| terZe the representatives, OF these races.
1t would seem as II the Polynesfan and
| the Malay were near enough together to
| be of one people, but the government
| ethnOlogists classify them as distinct
|
| lures. In the Saxon head is presented
| the highest type. In the Australian is
| shown the lowest. Not enough advance
ment has been made by the Australian
| to work out in physiognomy the cunning
or the sayageness which are stamped
upon some Of the other uncivillZed types.
| The Australian is simply a man in form
| with intellect undeyeloped, either for
good or for evil. He has wavy hair,
rather than the close curling head cover
ing Of the negro.
| Five stone faces grouped in the projected
| centre Of the eastern front are revela-
ton Of the difference in race of those COM
monty classed as negro. Besides the negro
race proper. ethnology now recognizes the
Negrito, the Zulu, the Papuan, and the
Aka races. The last named is black
| man. lie lives in Africa. lie Is the kind
of negro called "dog-faced," from the
manner IN which the lower part OF the
| face protrudes. like the muzZle OF the dog.
| The negro proper is the native or AFRICA,
with woolly hair. thick lips, narrow head
and low, retreating forehead The Papuans
are mostly residents of New Guinea. They
| are the Africans who have enormous
shocks of coarse why hair. so stim that
| IL affords protection from hard blow on
the head. His hair is the Papuan's pride
Men and women spend much time In ar
ranging and cultivating 1t. Negritoes are
much like negroes. They have thinner lips
and smaller noses, and their hair is some.
what finer. They live in the Interior oil
the Philippine Islands, where Spain mas
! recently had much trouble with revolving
colonists. Perhaps the Zulus rank the
highest of the black races. Certainly they
are the best fighters. Sociabiltty Is one oil
the strong characteristics OF the Hulus
The slave traders who brought carsoes %
the southern part OF the United States
drew unon several of these African races
Thev ala not overlook the Zulus. In the
| . - athnoioqfsts the Zulus are