The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1897-01-06
BY THE SENATE COMMITTEE.
In Accord with the Laws Of Nations Hu-
mcrous Precedents Cited.

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Senator Cameron presented to the Senate
the report Of the committees on foreign re-
lations. favorable to the adoption OF the Joint /
resolution, that the independence Of tie re-
public OF Cuba be acknowledged by the |
United States, and thnt the United States
use its friendly offices with the government
OF Spain TO bring to close the war between
Spain and the republic of Cuba.
The report says: Congress, Mt its last
session. adopted with practical unanimify
the view expressed by your committee that
with Spain for the recognition OF the inde-
pendence OF Cuba. Spain having declined to
listen to any representation founded on an
understanding between herself and the In
surgents. and congress having pledged II
self to friendly Intervention, the only ques-
tion that remains to be decided is the nature
OF the next step to be taken with proper re-
gard to tho customs and usages Of nations.
Before deciding this question your com
mittee has preferred to examine with some
care all the instances which have occurred,
during this century OF insurgent peoples
claiming independence by right OF revolt.
The inquiry has necessarily led somewhat
far, especially because the right OF revolt or
insurrection, II insurrection can be properly
called right, seems In every instance, ex-
cept one, to have carried with II corre-
spending Intervention. For convenience we
have regarded both insurrection and inter-
vention ms recogniztd rights, and have at
tempted to ascertain the limits within which
these rights have been exercised, and their
force admitted by the general consent Of
nations.
The long duration Of the French reyolu-
tionary wars left it In state OF great con-
fusion, fixed the beginnings Of our modern |
International systems at the year 1915, IN tho
treaties OF Vienna, OF Paris and Of the holy
alliance. The settlement OF local disturb
H.. t.n. IL Al.
parties to these treaties, proceeded without
serious disagreement until 1921, when the
Greeks arose In insurrection against the sui
tan. The modern precedents OF European
resurrection and Intervention. where. ndepen-
dence was the issue involved, begun with
Greece.
After reciting the history OF the Greek
revolution from 1921 TO 1897, the report next
takes up the Belgian revolution Of 1880.
When the French revolution OF July. 1880.
occurred, II spread instantly to the Neither
lands. Towards the end OF August, $780, dis
turbances began and soon became so serious
as to threaten complications abroad as well
as at home.
Without concertine with, or supporting,
King William, the powers imposed an imme-
diate armistice on both parties.
Interventions have occurred In Spain BY
France, in 1927; again in Spain aud Portugal
In 1886, by England and France, under what
was called the quadruple treaty; In Pied
mont and Naples by the Holy Alliance, In 1871
and In so many instances since 1S4S that the
mere enumeration would be- long and diffl-
cult.
From this body OF precedents II Is clear
that Europe has invariably asserted and prac-
ticed the right to interfere both collectively
and separately, amicablv and forciby, In
every instance, except that OF Poland, where
n European people has resorted to insurrec-
tion to obtain Independence.
The report then turns to the experience OF
Asia. In regard to Asia. probably all author
ities agree that the entire fabric OF European
supremacy, whether IN Asiatic Turkey, Per
sian. Afghanistan, India, Siam or China rests
on the right OF intervention.
The American precedents are handled ex-
haustively. II says that America, both
North and South. has always aimed to mod
crate European Intervention and to restrict
It's exercise.
President Andrew Jackson, In his Texas
message OF December "a, 1885, said:
SIN the preamble to the resolution Of the
House of Representatives It Is distinctly in
timated that the expediency of recognizing
he independence OF Texas should be left to
the decision OF Congress. Ia this view, on
the ground OF expediency, am disposed to
concur; and do not therefore consider II
necessary TO express any opinion as to the
strict constitutional right Of the executive,
either apart from or In conjunction with the
Senate, over the subject"
always regarded Cuba rs within the sphere
OF its most active and serious interest. As
early as 1925, when the newly recognized
states OF Columbia and Mexico were sup
posed TO be preparing an expedition to revo-
lutonize Cuba and Porto Rica the United
states government interposed its friendly Of
fees with these governments to request their
forbearance. The actual condition Of Spain
seemed to make her retention of Cuba impos-
sible, in which case the United States would
have been obliged, for their own safety, to
prevent the island from falling into the
hands OF stronger power in Europe.
That this emergency did not occur may
have been partly due to the energy with
which Monroe pronounced "Our right and
our power to prevent II" and his determin-
alton to use all the means within his com
potency ITO guard against and forefend H."
This right OF intervention in matters re-
latlng to the external relations OF Cuba, as
serted and exercised seventy years ago. has
been asserted and exercised In every crisis In
which the island has been involved.
In conclusion the report says: The only
question that properly remains for Congress
to consider Is the mode which should be
adopted for the step which Congress IL
pledged next to take.
The government OF the United Stated en-
tertains none but the friendliest feelings
towards Spain. Its most anxious wish 10 to
avoid even the appearance OF an anfriendli-
ness which is wholly foreign 10 that thought.
For more than hundred years, amidst d.
verging or clashing interests. and under fire.
quent and sewers strains, the two govern
ments have succeeded In avoiding collision.
and there is no friendly Office which Spain
could ask which the United States. within
the limits OF their established principles
and policy, would not be glad TO extend. In
the present instance they are actuated by an
earnest wish TO avoid the danger Of seeming
to provoke conflict.
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