The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1897-02-12
STATISTICS
OF LABOR !
An Interesting Chapter Regarding Work
and Wages.
INCREASE OF FEMALE WORKERS.
In the Decade Ending with 1890 the In
crease Of Female Laborers Was 2.46
Per Cent, While Male Laborers
Decreased 2.46 Per Cent in
the Same Period.

Decreased 2.46 Per Cent. in
the Same Period.
Washington, Feb 1.-THE 11th an
nual report of the department OF labor
just transmitted to congress by Com
missioner Wright, relates entirely TO
the work and wages of men. women
and children. 1t shows that the pro-
portion Of women to the whole work
Ing class is Increasing, while that OF
children is decreasing. The report was
prepared in pursuance of a joint reso-
luton Of congress directing an inves-
tigation relative to the employment Of
men, women and children. This report
is confined strictly to a comparison of
the extent of employment and wages
in 1885, or present period" with
the conditions which pertained some
years (termed former period'D ante
dating the present period by at least
ten years.
The definite purposes of the investi-
cation were to determine to what eX-
tent, If any, women were superseding
men, to show the coniugal condition
of the women who vac employed; to
compare the relative tihciency Of men
and women. and finally to show the
relative rates Of wages received by
each sex in each industry.
The agents of the departments Sc
cured Information from 1867 establish
ments Of various kinds, located in 80
different states and employing 14S,367
persons. The complete data sought for
was obtained from only 931 establish
ments. These 931 establishments en-
ployed CISCO persons in the formN~aad
10S.6iS in the present period. OF this
number in the first period, 6,479 were
males 1S years of age or over as
against 43,195 in the second; and 41I5
males under Is years of age, as against
| $3.50 in the second. In the first period
q 163 were females IS years of age and
over, and 6,143 females under Is years
| years of age, as against IS 1862 and
/ 12,f51, respectively, in the present pc
riod.
From these figures 1t is seen that
/ male employees is years of age or over
| increased in the present period over
/ the former period 63.1 per cent, while
/ female employees of the same age in
/ creased 66.3 per cent. Male employees
under Is years of age Increased 500 per
/ cent, while female employees under rs
/ years of age Increased S91 per cent
] <Ao NblldAtldl llLOlllldLlOll All inter
/ esting showing is made of the figures
/ of the past three census conc q ing the
/ employment of women. TheE toportion
Of females 10 years Of age and over
| employed in all occupations in the
United States rose in its relation ia
the whole number employed from 146S
per cent. in 1870 to 1922 per cent. in
1890 while males decreased in proper
tion from S5.32 per cent. in 1870 to 81. rs
per cent. in 1890
The report throws considerable light
upon the much discussed question as
to married women in industrial pur-
suits. For the present period out of
an aggregate Of 1887 women 70.921, OF
8S.7 per cent, were single; 6,775 or S.5
per cent married; 2011, or 2.5 per cent
divorced, and 244, or $40 of 1 per cent
unknown The last census figures on
this point are also analysed. OF the
3914.571 females ten years of age and
over engaged in gainful pursuits in the
United States in 1889 6984 per cent
We're single, or their conjugal condi.
tion unknown; 1916 per cent were
married, 1910 per cent were widowed
and 30 per cent We're divorced In 45l
of the establishments canvassed the
agents secured data as to the rela-
and Of men working at the same occu-
pations. OF 782 instances in which
men and women work at the same oc.
cupation, and perform their work witt
the same degree of efficiency, men re-
ceive greater pay in 595, or 761 pei
cent of the instances, and women re
ceived greater pay i'm 129, or 1875 pei
cent, while in 58 instances, IA per cent
they receive the same pay for tn,
same work. The men receive SOL PEI
cent greater pay than the women il
the 595 instances in which they ar,
given greater pay, while the wome1
receive but 1913 per cent greater pa,
in the l29 instances in which they ar
paid higher wages.
out of the 228 instances in whicl
men and children (persons under i
years Of age) work at the same occu
patton with like degree Of eficienc,
men receive greater pay in 1872, or 49,.
per cent of the instances, and childrel
receive greater pay in "a, or 1O.5 pc
cent while in p instances, or 81 pc
cent, they receive the same for tn
same work, performed with the sam
degree of efficiency. The men receiv
/ ST. per cent greater pay than the chill
dren i'm the 1872 instances in whicl
they are paid more, while the children
receive but &C per cent greater pa,
4 in the "a instances in which they ar
, paid higher wages.
/ The main reason given for the en-
ployment Of women and girls is us
= ually that they are better adapted 70
the work at which they are employed
other reasons are that they are nor
reliable, more easily controlled, cheap
er, more temperate, more easily pro
durable, neater, more rapid, more in
dustrious, less liable to strike, lear
more rapidly, etc. on the other hand
the reasons given by those who di
not believe that there was any tenden
cy for the employment Of women {
increase their Industries were tina
very often women, who are bette
adapted and cheaper, are unreliable
that their physical strength is made
quate for heavy work; that machin
cry is gradually displaclng them, ct,
lady at ball called her beau am India
because he was ON her trail all the time. No
we're Indians ON your trail to make you
customer if we once get you. FACTOR
SHOE STORE.