davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04

figure. The surety building mentioned
above, is estimated to exert & pressure
Of six tons TO the square foot.
a curious part OF this business is the
testing Of the ground on which tai
buildings are to stand. Nearly every
tester has his own method of ascertain
ing earth resistance. Some do Il by
ing. some by driving down into the
eacth worm" which picks up dirt
and gravel anG sand at various dis
tances and conveys them TO the surface
to be examined. The hydraulic method
is pursued by constructing q box o.,
casing, which is fastened tightly to the
ground. In it a plunger, operated by
water pressure, Is made TO press down
upon the earth. The force with which
it presses on the ground is determined
by its resistance to the inflow Of the
water which is ascertained beforehand.
In driving piles they are simply forced
down until they viii go no farther.
This is done at various points over the
ground on which the forthcoming
structure is to be built. OF course, the
depth Of this point of greatest resist
ance can be marked off on the beam
Of wood which has gone down. The
worm resembles a corkscrew. 1t is hol-
low, and as il twists it's way down
through the earth the various strata of
the latter are forced up through the
screw in the order in which they are
encountered. A perfect record of the
condition of the ground, with the
depths of the various substances I'M
earthed, is obtained For very large
sary and safer 10 rest the foundations
on solid rocks.
MAKING ARTIFICIAL ROCK.
This is done by sinking caisson hol-
low tubes. which are forced or screwed
down through the various clays and
gravel to hard pan. When these hollow
steel tubes strike the rock they are
firmly secured to it. Then they are
filled with concrete. The latter hardenS
into rock. which is rendered all the
stronger by its steel coating, and the
whole affair becomes a pillar of rock,
Sheathed with steel, and extending
from the immovable backbone of the
earth itself to the surface. The modern
sky Scraper may then be said in many
cases to stand upon stills. Nothing
can perceptibly alter its solidity-not
even the wind the swaying power of
which cannot compete against the truss
formation of the structure itself. There
is one power which does at times arrest
the stability of the sky scraper. This
is the sun. The immense amount of
iron in the structures is acted upon,
and TO a certain extent expanded and
contracted as the rays of the orb of
day change their direction, but not
enough to cause any fear of disaster.
and contraction is very marked. In a
concrete fioored bridge the whole struc-
ture will bend backward and forward
as the day passes to the extent of one
quarter of an inch, but in an iron
bridge such as are used by the rail-
roads the draw may go several
inches out of plumb. This is the reason
that on draw bridges the railroad
tracks are connected by fiaring tracks
or what is technically known as a Y.
NEED GREATEST
CARE.
In tall buildings the greatest amount
of engineering skill is required in the
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04

/ tons. He will reach it, however, to
within q few feet, and he will also be
able to say just where certain heavy
parts of the load strain will be most
felt. How is it done2 In the first place,
the weight of every piece of material
which is to become part of the Struc-
ture is furnished by the manufacturers.
Whether it be Z-bar girders or white
lead, it is all brought into the total.
Even such an insignificant thing as
difference in the quality and kind of
paint used may make a ton Of differ
ence in the general weight of the stTuc
ture. Every rivet in the building is
accounted for and if the ends are
fused hammered down on the opposite
side of a girder instead of being merely
boIted on the fact must be taken into
account If the roof is covered with
tin, the solder which holds the plates
together is put down as weighing so
much per ingot. In laying the tin
plates on the roof the edges of each
plate are Tapped over the adjoining
plates to the extent of a quarter OF an
inch on all sides. This quarterback of
necessary lap adds a large number of
pounds to the general weight of the
roof. So the process continues through
the whole building. The weights of the
clapboards, the plaster, the wallpaper,
the window glass, the gas or electric
fixtures,
the thousand and one materials and
appurtenances which go to make up a
building are considered and accounted
for. In the aggregate those weights,
summing up in the thousand tons, con-
stitute merely the dead weight, such as
the weight of the tenants, the fur11i-
ture and their other belongings, must
be added to the sum total.
WEIGHT OF TENANTS CONSID-
Erred.
An office building with a capacity Of
5000 persons would be about 165 tons
lighter at night when it is deserted
than in the daytime when it is occu-
pied. In office buildings it is customary
to estimate about 100 pounds of live
weight to the square foot In resi-
dences about 20 pounds to the square
foot are calculated upon. In manufac-
turing establishments it is customary
to allow for at least $50 pounds to the
square foot The buildings themselves
press down upon the earth at the vari-
Gus rates of from four tons to the
square foot to u or IA tons to the
square foot. The tall st. Paul building
in New York is estimated at the latter
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04

= cSSII.AoA%.
Nothing to breathe but air;
Nothing 10 EFT bat food
Nothing 10 wear b'ss clothes
20 keep Us from going nude.
Nothing 10 DO but things,
Quick. as Il flash. they're gone!
Nowhere TO fall but OF.
Nowhere 10 SIT bG- OF;
Nothing to qGeach but a thirst:
Nowhere TO sleep but in bed,
Nothing to have but what we've got;
Nothing to bury but dead
Nothing to weep but tears,
All, me, Alas and aiack.
Nowhere to go but out:
Nowhere to come but back
Nothing to comb but our hair:
Nothing TO wed but a wife,
Only to suffer and bear:
What is the value of life2
-Malagand Foghorn.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
Smoke.

Iight-winged Smokel Carian bird,
Netting thy pinions in thy 'lpward flight:
Lark without song and messenger of
dawn.
or else departing dream, and shadowy
form
OF midnight vision, gathering up thy
skirts;
Rv night star-veiling, and by day
Darkening the light and blotting out
the sun.
Go thou. my incense, upward from this
hearth,
And ask the gods to pardon this clear
flame.
-Thoreau.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
Handkerchief Bargains.

Ladies' White Hemmed, Corded
Border Handkerchief. worth Sc,
at feacll)
Ladies' White Fancy Hemstitched
Handkerchief, good 15c. quality,
this week at (each) -.---.......S 13c.
Ladies' White Embroidered Bor-
der. scallcped edged Handker-
chiefs, our 1sc. quality, tt-s week
at (sach) .--.-.-.--.....----. ..19c.
Children's Fancy Handkerchiefs,
pretty patterns, at (each)--...-.2c.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
Three Great Glove Specials.

Ladies' Real Kid Gloves. in
black, tan and brown. ali sizes.
worth 81; to close (pair) ...-s $50.
Ladies Twc-Ciasp. best qualify.
Mocha Castor Gives, never sold for
less than $i-3e pair; for this week
at OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES $l.0o-
Celebrated Mascot Glove
La5i=s' Two-Ciasp Kid GIcve, in
all celccs. worth S1.50; cur special
price (palr) -......-...-.. Is.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
S WEIGHING TALL BUILDINGS. =

INGENIOUS METHODS FINDING
HUGE MASSES sToNE-EVERY BOLT,
PANE CAREFULLY
TENANTS AND
AND CARPETS DETERKINED-SOLID ROCK FUTURE
FOUNDATION KY-sCRAPERsv SCIENCE
UPON MAKING INFLUENCE
TIE SUN BUILDINGS, WHY
PROPERLY REARED sTRUCTU
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
Wash Fabrics.

New and beautiful, of every con-
ceivable kind. Hundreds and hun
dreds of novelties, this seasons
very latest and most stylish de-
signs, at prices never before quoted
on equal values.
SCOTCH LAWN
4 limited quantity in colored de-
signs, a Toe. fabric, this week for
per yard) DC
FINE CORD DIMITIES-
Good patterns, equal in appear
ance TO 15c. goods; per yard. Sc
LINETTE SHIRTINGS-
For boys waists, children's dresses
or mems shirts, bought to sell for
15c. yard, this week. ....S lie.
DUCK SUITINGS-
In i desirable colorings and patterns,
regular value 15c. yard, this week
at ......,.-....-s....S 1-Sc.
ONE CASE
Zephyr Ginghams. all new spring
styles; value 1252c., for.....S 1-3c.
AZURE SILKS
In beautiful effects. a stylish cot
ton fabric. well worth zoe. yard.
this week. 10c.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
Immense Bargains in
Housekeeping Linens.
Prices that break all Records.

Prices that break all Records.
Linen finish Belfast Toweling.
fast edges. good at 6l4c. yard; this
week yard Size.
1Sx36 heavy cotton Huck Towels,
worth 10c.; this week, (each) sc.
15x30 Turkish Bath Towels. For
this week the price is cut to
(each) ....--...... -.......-..--.-5c &C.
Fifty-inch Turkey Red Table
Damask. usually sold at 25c.; this
week yard Observation-Disclosures. 15c.
Heavy all linen unbleached Table
Damask, equal to any usually Of
fered at 40c.; at (per Yard .....24c.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
boys CLOTHING.

We are prepared to show you a
most elegant and complete assert
ment of Boys Suits at lowest
prices in the city.
A SPECIAL LEADER in our reg
ular 81 Boys School Suits, ages
to Is. double seat and knee, patent
waist bands. rivited buttons. which
Boys Short Pants Suits in latest
styles and patterns, from 75c. to Sc
suit, ages 4 to II.
Youths Long Pants Suits, ages
II to 10, at lowest of prices.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
Black SiIiGial MOlair,
Black Figured OIitilgS,

All wool, choice designs, 3S inches
wide, fine quality, value 75c., this
week yard .............. .4Sc
All wool, double width French
Serge, large line of colOrs, also in
fancy suitings, new spring styles,
for only (yard). .29c.
3S-inch Novelty Suitlng, some
silk and wool mixtures, very mob
by, only (yard) .........-.....-..5 soc.
36-inch Fancy Weave Dress
Goods, in neat designs, for house
gowns, and children's dresses, half
value, only. ..15c.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
CURRENT EVENTS.

The South Carolian legislature has
a bill to permit the running
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
Ladies' Belts.

Ladies' Leather Belt. with leather
covered baclSle. in black and tan,
value 40c., special this week. .19c-
Ladies' Tinsel Mohair Belt. with
white metal buckle, worth 5;ic.,
special at---.-...-..----- ----25c-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04

ence-the science of extremely delicate
computation.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
LaeBS!l LaceSl !!

Greatest and most attractive line
of all the latest styles at special
prices this week
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
New SPRING Silks

Beautiful in colors and combina-
tions. Silks that will make hand
some costumes, skirts, waists and
trimmings. Just a few of the bar
gain offerings.
Three special values in Fancy
Silks in figured and plain change
able effects.
Silks well worth Soc, &C.,, 75c. a
yard, our price yard 45 and soc.
A large variety of high art novel
ties, every new and correct weave
and color combination in beautiful
large, medium and small designs.
Four special prices, 75c., Soc, 81,
$l.25 yard.
Foulard Silks. A bewildering va
riety Of the best qualities, 20. "a
and q inches wide, large and beau
tifIl designs, exclusive. patterns, re-
duced this week to Soc, 40c., Soc,
75c-, 81, S1.25 yard.
Kai-Kai Wash Silks. $50 pieces,
strictly all silk, spring colors, in
stripes and che ks for (yard) 25c.
Black Brocaded Satius, enormous
variety of designs and weaves, in
silk and sd tin brocades: every piece
reduced this week. Prices-5Oc. to
$3.50 yard.
Twenty-inch Black Satin Rha-
dame. extra heavy quality. sold
everywhere for 81 yard. Special for
sc. yard.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
Curtain and DTapGIy Dept.

A few prices Illustrative of the
facts that our prices are absolutely
lower than elsewhere:
Forty-inch Curtain Scrim, war
ranted Leno, standard price 10c.;
this week (yard) .411zc
Nottingham Lace Curtains. three
yards long by thirty-five inches
wide, worth S5c.: this week (pair)
..-.- -.......... ..........-.....4 Sc.
Fine Chenille Portieres, heavy
fringe on top and bottom, beauti-
full dado. full length, cheap at SO,
this week (pair) .$2.15.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04

Pain. black, double warp,
extra heavy SURAH SILK,
worth ST, for ACC.
Not more than IS yards to
a customer.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04
Shoe DGDt.

Special sale of Ladies' and Chill
dren's Shoes. Note our special
leaders.
One lot of Ladies' SO Patent Tip
OXfords. this week, per pair. 81.
One lot of Ladies' Tan Oxfords,
the best make; this week. per
One lot OF Children's Glaze Kid
Fox Button, Patent Tip. Hand
Turned Shoes. just arrived good
size, 81 TO II; good value at
81 pair; this week. s1.35.
Same as above, sizes 4 to s. per
pair --.......-..-..- -...-..-.... $1.O5.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04

in the Rocky Mountains. Each bar
gain in this ad. stands for hun
dred equally as good.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04

supply your present HccIS, dH-
ticipate your future wants this week
at prices you will never match else
where.
Turkey Red and Fancy Print. the
same as you pay SAC. for elsewhere,
this week only (yard) Acc.
Yard-wide Bleached Muslin, this
week ....--....-. .........-...4 12c-
Full yard-wide Utah Unbleached
Sheeting, put in this weeks sale at
(yard) .---.---------- .----..-. FAC.
Good Indigo Blue Prints, this sea-
sons styles. always SIC. yard; this
week (yard) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. &c.
Plaid Dress Ginghams. cheap
enough at 1-3 c., this week for
(yardJ -..----.-.- &C
Augusta Cheviots. the 1Oc kind.
you can have this week at
(ydruJ -.---.-.-.--.- -.----....-.oH &C
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-04-04

100 yards lace striped
white Lawns, worth and
formerly sold at 10c, this
week at SC yard.
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07

Ine sash On the wnlp seemed 20 rrcmpIs
noar him In the air when the court asked
Sarah whether Jacob inveigled her, and
she demurely answered "No" The magis-
trate called her "bould virgin" but be
couldn't make her say she was kissed
against her will, 60 Jacob went scot free,
to Goodman Tuttle's Ire.
These laws as to the restraint of lovers
were not wholly for the control Of igno.
rant and poor folk, nor to prevent the loss
Of bound servants, as some historians have
imagined. They applied to all classes IN
the community and were taken advan.
tage of by fathers and guardians Of ali
ranks.
An engagement Of marriage was seri.
GUS matter in those days. II the father
had given his consent, he could not reck
lessly or unreasonably interfere to break
the contract. Colonial court records, es.
pecially those Of Plymouth, prove that
lovers, in turn, could sue parents for In
termeddling In sanctioned lovemaking,
and breach Of promise cases were brought
by men against women.
In some communities, in both Plymouth
and Boston, formal betrothal, called o
contraction, took place. This was not
held to have very favorable influence OIL
morals, as colonial records prove, and, az
1t furthered long engagements, was not
encouraged Cotton Mather expressed him
self with some force upon the subject.
A certain sordidness and meanness ap.
pear In many Of the accounts Of wooings
In colonial times through the eagerness OF
both the father Of the bride and the groom
to drive as sharp bargain over the mar.
riage contract as possible The tender pas.
sion was reckoned In many cases In pounds,
shillings and pence. The pages Of Judge
Sewall's diary give ample proof of his
shrewd calculation In courtships, both his
own and his children's. And the pages also
show that he proved very good husband
In spite OF the sharpness of his bargaining.
A marriage settlement was a very impor.
tant matter In those days. A girl could
get married, Of course, without a dowry,
but she could not expect to match with
any one Of very high standing in the com
munity unless she brought money In her
pocket.
There was some sentiment in lovemak.
ing, albeit Of rather broadly outlined
kind. A favorite method of expression
was by very energetic "love at first sight
and speedy marriage. am constrained To
note that the hero Of this sort of romance
has been, In every case which have noted,
q widower. No romantic bachelor has even
fallen in love at sight Of fair maid who
sat milking her fathers cows, proposed at
once and married her ms soon as published.
1t has always been widower who did
this, and am bound to state, In approval
OF his apparently hasty choice, that the
speedily won bride always proved nota.
bic housekepecr.-Alice Morse Earle In
Chicago Record.
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07
Try AIIeu's Font -Fase.

powder to be shaken into the shoes. At
this season your feet feel swollen and hot
and get tired easily. II you have smarting
feet or tight shoes,'try Aliens Foot Ease. IL
cools the feet and makes walking easy.
Cnres and prevents swollen and sweating
feet, blisters and callous spots. Relieves
corns and bunions OF all pain and gives rest
and comfort. Try IL today. Sold by all
druggists and shoe stores for 25c. Trial
package FREE. Address Allen 3. Olmstcd.
lie HOy. N. "
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07
BENEATH THE OCEAN.
The Eject Upon Islands Of Lowering the
Sec Level.

The Eject Upon Islands Of Lowering tho
Sec Level.
In an interesting article in The Nine
teenth Century, A. p. Crouch brings to-
gether and discusses all the most recent
information concerning the aspect Of the
world beneath the ocean. Although the
oceans are by no means Of uniform depth,
the result Of numerous surveys shows that
the bottom Of the sea does not present 80
many striking Irregularities as the surface
of the earth. Except for the islands of
volcanic origin and some coral patches,
the bed of the Atlantic Is an undulating
plain Of nearly uniform fatness and may
be better compared to tray with sharp
ly ascending rim than to a basin. Tho
slope Of the land, as a general rule, Is con-
tinued out into the sea until 1t reaches
depth Of about 100 fathoms, and then in
creases rapidly to /, 500 and 1900 fathoms,
reaching finally to the normal depth of
$500 fathoms. The area between tho 100
fathom line and the shore, usually known
as the continental platform, is really sub
merged land, and II the sea level werc
suddenly lowered to that extent England
would be connected by dry land to Dem
mark, Holland, Belgium, France, Ireland,
Orkney and Shetland.
Nearly the whole Of the North sea, with
the exception of some of the Norwegian
fords, would be laid bare while the coast
Of Ireland would be extended 100 miles to
the westward. On the other hand, the
raising Of the sea level to the extent Of
ten fathoms would put a largo part Of
Europe under water, as indeed has been
several times the case with that continent.
Not only In the Atlantic, but In the Pa
ci1c, on the west coast of North America
especially, the continental platform rises
abruptly from the margins of the real
oceanic depressed areas, and this phenom-
enon is ono Of the strongest arguments In
favor OF tho theory Of the permanence Of
the great ocean beds.
The sea level may be taken as the relief
equator Of the globe, almost equidistant
from the highest land elevation and the
lowest depth of the sea. But while the
} average height OF the land Is only 1000
feet, the average depth Of the water Is 49,
600 feet Hence an enormous dispropor-
tion exists between the mass of land above
the sea level and the volume of water be-
meath. Taking tho area Of the sea In com
parison to the land ~ 2N TO and null
tiplying by 10, the number of times by
which 1t exceeds IL In dopth, the total
volume OF ocean water Is 80 times the vol
ume Of the land above sea level.
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07

"What did you mean by starting tn
story that was an unbeliever in tn
Scriptures?" asked the deacon. in grea
wrath.
well, deekin," said the man who ba'
originated the report "you know yo,
told me that all you said about tha
hoss I bought was as true as Gospill
An you know how true it was"
. "Er-ah," said the deacon.-Indian
apolis Journal.
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07

Who are injured by the use of coffee. Re
entity there has been'piaced In all the gro.
cery stores new preparation called GRAIN.
o, made Of pure grains, that takes the place
OF coffee. The most delicate stomach re
ceives IL without distress, and but few can
tell IL from coffee. IL does not cost over y
as much. Children may drink IL with great
benent. lie and 25c per package. Try Il. Ask
for GRAIN.O.
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07
1t Got Out.

Raynor-Say, what ails Ferguson
I'm awfully uneasy about him. I saw
him In hardware store little Will
ago, buying q revolver, and he had
wild, desperate look in his eye that
never saw before.
Shyne-Ferguson happened to tel
somebody yesterday that he wante
to buy house, and the real estat
agents somehow found 1t out.-Chicag
Tribune,
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07

Mrs. Freshley-Is this all you arc going
TO give me for my birthday Why, Mr..
Popley gave his wife diamond necklace.
Mr Freshley (heDpeckcd)--So would
IL she were my wife.-Philadelphia Press.
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07
He Didn't Laugh.

you're a gentleman, sir; can't say more
! Allow me your hand to press!
You'pa the only one Of these men a score
Who didn't laugh when, on the floor.
In the whiriing dance / tripped, and tore
My beautiful partners Dress"
THAT did not laugh is not strange, say
For the lady's my wife. and her bills pay.
Harlem Life.
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07

A French author, M. q. Dcschamps, IL
trying to hnd out how far the character of
modern French fiction has affected the
marriage rate.
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07

The Congregational church has the
largest number of theological students
proportioned to membership, being 1919
10 10, 900 membera
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07

Educate Your ssoweis win Csscarets.
Candy Cathartlc, cure constipation forever
ioc. ccc. hC. G. c. fail, druggists refund money.
The evening tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 189?-190?, 1897-06-07
Too Good 60 Live,

Advertise your wants In the TRIBUSB
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1897-07-08

hospital, remaining there all day
until tho evening whistle blows
when they arc allowed to return
to their quarters. Is this humane
treatmept2 / hardly think so. ]
questioned Mr.. Hanneberg on this
matter, and he said that II the men
were allowed to stay in their quar-
tiers their friends Visited them, and
there were other reasons given by
him.
This is not the first time that
complaints have been made against
Olowslu The place is isolated and
/ think there is a good deal going
on on the plantation that ia not
heard of. Sometime ago l talked to
Mr.. w. G. Irwin and Manager
Hanneberg about the complaints
made by the laborers. The Manager
should be made to understand that
he must keep his hands off the
laborers; must bs less severe in his
system of docking; must keep the
laborers' quarters in better condi-
ton and above all must put an end
to the confinement in hospital Ii
he is not willing TO do SO then no
more contract laborers should he
allowed to go to Olowalu,
| have the honor to be, your
obedient servant,
(Sigd) WRAY TAYLOR,
Sec'y Bureau OF immigration.