New-York tribune., 1897-06-17
AN ISLAND DOMAIN.
THE HAWAIIANS. THEIR CLIMATE
COUNTRY. THEIR HISTORY.

| WHAT SORT OF 4 PLACE 1T IS PROPOSED TIE
United STATES SHALL. ACQUIRE
| The Hawaiian Islands comprise an archipe,aso :"
| tho Pacific Ocean about $500 miles west Vi " 80,
| o,d . IN, miles southwest OF San Francisco In''
lie between In atitudes s degrees u minutes anu O.
| erees 20 minutes north and longitudes lof uesS ~
| minutes and lel degrees 70 minutes west.
| twelve OF them. covering an area U. o'o' hn.o
miles the largest OF the group being HAWAI- "noeo
,rea ,s about 1900 square miles. Thero are wv
ac,ive volcanoes on this .sland-kilauea ana Mau"a
| - Many crup,,ons. attended with loss OF life
| have occurred. ,,oo-
| The highest point on Hawaii. Mauna kea, Is l9'soo
feet above the level, and there are o'hsr e'e"
attitudes the island,
rho ro.k NJ tho whole group IL volcanic. The fol-
| loving are some OF the minerals that nave oeeh
| noticed. SULPHUR pyrites. common sait' sa'-an-
| monac llmont. quartz. ange. chry so'i'c' s"''e'
| labradorltc. fcdspar gypsum. soda-a'u"'' oop
| peras glauber-sat nitre and cai,ite Inc 'es.'o..
kingdom is rich In Interesting forms ana many ne"
| snecies and varieties have been discovered
4 CLIMATE HOT AND COOL
r. .,,,o,o ,s much affected by locality. and
varies from cool frosty weather TO high average
~ boat Tho northeast trade winds blow the greater
nar. of tho year and prevent the heat from becom-
ing oppressive. ,
Tbn soil /. fertile and well adapted to planting ana
Grazing 1t is estimated that there are nearly -""'
DCl Of
land The mountain sides abound IN Forests u,
which there is plenty Of ship timber and ornamental
,voods Sugar OF course Ia the principal proouc''
There were in 1890 between forty ana hit! pan'a G
tjons which raised and manufactured aoo"' F'Vv
tons Of sugar besides quantities or moiasses "oo'
hides tallow rice and bananas are eNPof'e" "
corsiherable quantities. Nearly all the crops Oh
,or,ror,,e climes can be grown. but they are not
nroGtoble because OF lack az markets In 1851 the
value ot the sugar plantations was es'''h's'
900 3,7 600 owned follows: BY ciI1ens -. u ,
I.rod states s24735GlO: by British. S"o5"lSo' py
o 20 nos en-. he Hawaiians. s266,2JO; by all
o,ber notiona alities ss 100 The area oil iahd "n"cI
oar cuI,ivaion was 81 $40 acres and the exports OF
sugar were 2a2 CS3.5so pounds
WHO ARE THE HAWAIIANs.
Tbera are two theories OF the origin OF the ma
| waans One contends for their relauohsnhp wiz.
the Toltec branch OF the great Nahoa fanny "
Mexico This makes the Hawaiians the OLDEST r'''
nesian colony. from which the other pIanones
the family sprang The o,hrr theory suPpo''s
tho hvpothesis that all the Pacific archip@lagoes anu
Islands were coIonzed by successive mgratonS from
southern Asia This theory has the support OF
Hawaiian traditions. -,
In 1891 the real and personal properly was 'S"
mated at sss COO 00 the public debt was soS, M
Se ne PSss1 Ioresn rade was of which the United
f The POPULATION in 1890 Vas % % Tht o9'iSSs o for
were ss ga snsss si @ sGaa IN 1apaHese aw e
fs psrusnese ssi2 natives Of United states sss
rensh 20 Poynesians 5ss: other foreigners. 4ls
WHEN THEY WERE FOUND.
| r,o ts,,r,s ware discovered in 1912 by Spanish
r.viy,,or named Gaetano. Long before this several
| Spanish vessels had been wrecked on the coas' "a
| Hawaii and the survivors had ih'ermaI',eu WI"
the natives Captain Cook visited me ai'a,,u an IAN
uary il and anchorng at Wamea kahs ,1a9 Jan"aTy to
~ After visiting the island OF Niihau d ne as 6naiiy
|
killed by the natives
THE HAWAIIAN FEUDAL SYSTEM.
| The Hawailans at this time supported @h e'io-
orate feudal system. closely analogous TO the sys
| tenn I'm Europe in the Middle Ages. kamenhmcha
| uas tho frat king In 1892 and the two following
ears Vancouver visited the Hawaiian Islands and
| introduced cattle on May S. 1919. Kamehameha
| died after a successful reign In which lie he'd
established his kingdom over the whole group M Mhis
of Kameha rneha ii. with Kaahumanu, widow OF
| Kameh meha l. as Premier. and she in innuence
an snd Sg pHMes @ the first missionaries arrived from
the United States-seven men win tnes wees; 10
| They Immediately began Ia reduce the ahsuase W y
writing The first printing was done In laz2 IN IN
1928 the King and hsd his queen ,S year fe
@ nn S5 nlS. H.
'rT'' In Is25 the Ten Commandments adopted as
laws ar few criminal laws were s,non en%cted IN
aries arrived July 1877 Kauikeaou assumed I'll. the
government In 1888 as Kameha me ma III. IN isio
| granting civil rights TO the people On February
1919 the provisional cession OF he Of fbs hsrsS
demands Of Lord George Psule his saranSe Arr Ws
restored by Admiral Thomas July 81 Of the
| same year In 1876 Kamehameha III approved me
LaGa ares ae portion gy MnS" Of the ne lands Of the
| dom and provided for their conveyance TO the
| In isis the temporary occupation and embargo OF
| the port Of Honolulu by the French took place In
The The King died in ls4 and succeeded by Alex;
G qesSe% S%an a. hs aa%Sesr %
| Lot Kamehaneha brother OF the late king. sue
and aGSsatea new we
the right ta Of 1y & RI0pee,y eavns the
Nsf'' Af,er four weeks interregnum. Lunalilo was
Sr S S ne s shors aa'
one year, noted for the institution OF messures
the restoration OF liberal pf the eoT oa
for commerci. recproeity With the & United States
and for the boodess mutiny OF the troops at the
barracks in Honolulu I.unalo died February g.
Vas Sas dHSted aes sS King by the
ing the determined opposition OF Queen powagei
by her supporters in which many OF the represen-
hall was partially demolished. order was restored
by armed forces from British and United States
| warships In the harbor.
QUEEN LII. APPEARS.
| In 1887 the progressive party demanded new
| constitution providing for cabinet removable only
by vote Of the Legislature. This was accepted by
| Kalakaua who afterward. however tried to regain
| his los, power Kalakaua died In January. 1891
| and was succeeded by his sister. Liuokalani, who
frnn, the first was opposed TO the constitution
Soon sho began TO evade some OF It's essential pro-
visions especially by the repeated appointment OF
ministries in opposition to the vote OF the Legis
iature and gave further offence by her alliance
| with a lottery project and the opium industry
| FINALLY II was learned that she intended to pro-
| claim a constitution. This caused her over
throw 4 provisional government was established