davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
PROGRESS MADE IN MACHINERY
Power and Speed of Engines Increased
Many Times by Inventions.


From the Cincinnati Enquirer
Sixty years ago wrought iron and tool
steel were the principal metals. Both
were costly; the latter brittle, although
very hard. A big step forward was
made in 1855. when Sir Henry Bessemer
perfected his method of producing steel
by a process which at one stroke re-
duced the cost per ton from $3.50 to $50.
Since then it has been reduced to SD.
Besesmer was endeaVoring to produce
stronger weapon of war for Napoleon
III. when he discovered that jets of air
forced into a vessel Ia 'conYerter'9,
filled with molten iron sufiiced TO keep
1t in a boiling state. because of the
carbon in the iron being consumed. and
as 1t was only necessary to remove this
carbon to make the poorest of iron re-
liable steel it was gladstone sight To
see it efferVescing. Thus while the
warrior spirits of France and Germany
were pleased with gun made Of the
superior metal, as with toy, a great
era of peaceful triumphs was inaugu-
rated in Britain, As we have said, the
cost was reduced to one-tifth what IL
had been, and a great impetus was
given to engineering. Now l0,000,0oO
tons are made each year by BESSIE
mer's method, although other processes
with a like result have been intro
duced.
So long as dimensions of engines, eff
ships, or of any structure were not
great, strength could be insured by So
lidity, but now efficiency and economy
demand that the highest result must
be got per unit of weight. Thus chem
lists. metallurgists and engineers have
worked to give tensile strength OF ~
to 40 tons on the square inch for the
working parts of engines and notwith-
standing that some parts of the biggest
engines travel at rate of speed equal
to 1000 feet per minute.
The number of break downs is sur
prisingly few. BY this greater strength
the weight of engines has been reduced
by quite so per cent. apart altogether
from the results of the multiple expan-
ssions of steam consequent on high pres
sures, admitting of itself of reduc-
ton in the size of engines for given
power The boilers now used are made
Of plates up to one and three-quaf1efS
inches thick for 2l0 pounds pressure.
This seems the limit. A change must
come In the old boiler the water to be
converted into steam and the steam are
within a cylindrical tank with IRE
tubes through it. SO that there Is need
for great thickness in the outer plating
of the tank or boiler. Under the new
system the water is within tubes. and
the fire plays around them. SO that
there is no heavy outside shell or tank,
and the quantity ef water is less me
/ saving i'm weight Is in the case OF TINS
water tube boiler" about 40 per cent
Moreover. steam Is generated much
more quickly. higher pressures arc pos
sible. collapse does not involve the
same danger and repairs are more
easily made.
As result ef increased steam pres
sure superior metals and improved
tools the weight Of machinery Is only
/ tWo-lhirds what il WAS 60 years AK
/ Thus the engines af the first Gunafdt !
/ Britannia. 81 sisht and one-half knots
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10

the total weight driven by the ma
chinery of a ship. To-day steamers
are built of the same speed, whose pay
ing load is nearly 10 per cent of the
total load.
The locomotive of 1887 was only about
is to 10 feet long over all. with
wagon for coal behind. The highest
class modern locomotive is tifty-tnree
feet four inches, including the tender.
The steam generating surface, which is
q measure of strength, is now three
times greater. The steam pressure has
increased nearly fourfold, so that the
power has gone up tenfold. The Dun
lastair. an example OF the modern en-
CINE, as she stands is 10 feet high from
the ground, weighs &c tons and can
walk off comfortably with 300 tons be-
hind her, while the old world locomotive
painted as If To break her heart While
doing one-third of the speed with
fourth of the load. This change is mag
nificent, but some may ask: Is II ousi-
ness? One answer is that the guam
tity of coal used per unit of power or
load is much less than it used to be,
and is satisfactorily small. 1t varies
with the speed, but for 80 miles an
hour 50 pounds per mile suffices, and
this. too for the heavy corridor train
uncxcelled in length. weight and ele-
gance; it is 354 tons weight 800 feet
long. Thus 500 pounds of coal are con-
verted into energy for each passenger
travelling between London and Glas-
gov. allowing that the train has its
full complement of 22S; but should one
more go the stoker need only add four
ounces of fuel to the boiler in the eight
hours For a luggage train one pound
of coal will take a ton for distance of
so miles.
In other lines of mechanics the same
progress has been noted in recent years
as has marked the development of the
locomotive.
When steam power has been brought
to the highest point of perfection, cleo
tricity steps in to take UP the banner
and continue the ascent and the end
cannot even be guessed at.
Thus electricity for boring holes in
plates of steel has reduced the cost of
a given amount of work more than two
thirds.
Take the more familiar pin. A few
wears ago the manufacture of 4S,oU0
per day by 10 men was considered a
triumph. Now 100000 are made per
day by one worker. who operates a me-
chanfcal device. Needles are made with
proportionately reduced labor and ex-
penditure.
In all classes of mechanics this same
remarkable progress has been accom-
plished within the last half a CEN
fury and who can tell what the end
will be?
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
House Committee Holds Its First Meeting.
Sealing Measure Discussed.
Al Gs4u
Monday.


Washington, Dec. 9.-The committee
on foreign affairs of the house held its
first meeting to-day ard outlined work
on the several important foreign ques-
tions pending. Chairman Hit appoint
ed the following subcommittee: Gu
ban affairs-Adams of Pennsylvania.
Heatwole of Minnesota and Ferry OF
Kentucky. Hawaiian affairs-Hitt of
Illinois, Smith of Michigan and bins
more OF Arkansas.
The committee determined II report
at once the bill prohibiting American
citizens from conducting pelagic seal
ing in the Boring sea and an under
standing was reached that the bill ne
pushed TO final passage before the holi.
days
Much interest was shown in the in
itial meeting of the committee, rs it
was felt that it might bring an indi-
cation of the general line of policy to-
ward Cuba and the other subjects be-
fore il. Except, however. in the all
nouneement OF the Cuban and VA
waiian subcommittee no reference
was made TO either of these subjects,
as all of the time Of the committee
was given 10 the question Of sealing
in Boring sea.
on this question con siderable q scus-
sion occurred. which showed a general
sentiment toward restricting American
sealers only in case Great Britain
should adopt the same restrictions. Mr..
Adams asked a number 4 questions
in this line. his purpose peinr To show
that the United States was placing
limitations on it's own citizens while
other nations Were free to conduct
poaching operations at will. To this
however. the answer was made that the
express purpose of the government in
securing this legislation WAS To take
away the last ground of objection
which other nations offered against the
complete suspension Of pelaaic sealing.
Although the determination Of the
seal herd was not discussed at length,
il was referred to as one Of the meas
ures which have to be resarted to If a
general agreement to stop pelagiC seal
ing was not reached The committee
found plenty If material before il on all
the important foreign questions These
were IN the form Of bills and resolu-
tions, submitted during the extra ses-
sion. but which could not be consid-
cred nj that time. as the committee had
not beea appointed.
ON Cuba all the phases of the subject
were represented in the measures pre-
scented The most important of these
/ was the Morgan joint resolution, which
passed The senate at the extra session
and was now referred II this commit
tee I'll recognizes "a state If war ms
existing between Spain and he Cuban
I Insurgents and declares that the United
/ States Will maintain strict neutrality
/ between the two bellige1snts-
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
A BRUTAL EXHIBITION.
The Participants May Never Recover
From the Strain of the Race.

New York, Dec. 9.-Henry Steener,
counsel to the board of health of this
city speaking about the bicycle race
o-day. said: 1T is a brutal exhibition
and should be discontinued forthwith.
1t is not a scientific exhibition, but
one in which sheer brute force prevails.
If II can be proven to the board of
health that 1t is detrimental to the life
and health of the participants, then
the board can step in and stop it,
DR.. Martin of the board of health,
speaking on the same subject, said:
mo horse or locomotive could do what
the men in that race have done up to
the present time. The participants can
never recover from the effects of the
strain and i would not be surprised If
some Of them do not become ravinS
maniacs before Saturday night"
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
The discovery of the Day.

Aug. ]. Bogel. the leading druggist of
Shreveport. la. says: DIR. Kings New
Discovery is the only thing that cures
my cough. and it is the best seller
have i y Campbell merchant of SAT-
ford. Ariz.. writes: DIR. Kings New Dis
coNery is ali that is claimed fer Il: il
never fails. and i a sure cure for Con-
sumption. Coughs and Colds. | cannot
say enough for its merits DR.. King 5
New Discovery for Consumption. Coughs
and Colds is not an experiment 1t has
been tried for a quarter of a century.
and to-day stands at the head. II never
disappoiuts. Free trial bottles al all drug
stores.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
TRAVELS OF A BULLET.
French Artillery Man Carries One in His
Head for - Years.

From the Army and Navy Journal.
The strange adventure Of a bullet
which imbedded itself in the left temple
Of a French artilleryman during the
F'ranco-German war are recorded. II was
found impossible 10 extract the lead. and
IL soon ceased to be painful IL l4y
quietly where the German rifle had pIae q
il for = years. but three months ago II
started out on a tour. 1t Travelled about
the mans head causing him intense pain
and almost driving him mad. After a
rest the BAH started on another journey.
and few days ago the artillerymau IS
said 10 have removed Il from his throat
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
II VIII BE Pressed.

Washington. Dec. s.-The department
Of state is about to press to the end the
issue that has been raised between IL
and the government OF Nicaragua Erow-
ing out Of the refusal of Nicaragua TO re-
reiye tile United States minister in the
person If Captain Merry of California.
The United States legation at Managua,
which has been closed through the resi-
dent minister. viii be permitted To remain
closed for the present and CAPITA n Ner-
Ty has been ordered to proceed to- san
Juan. ii Costa Rica, 10 take Up his mis-
sion there.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
ON THE RACE TRACK.


San Francisco, Dec. 9.-Weather cloudy
track heavy. Seven furlongs-Odds on
won, Prestar second. Flushington third ,
time. 1913. Six furlongs-Don Fulano won
Garland Bar second, Benamela third:
time, Liz. Six furlongs-Fg Leaf won
Woodland Belle second Charles A third ;
time, 1:l9li. Mile and a sixtecnth-Soufie
won, Bernardilo second. Lost Girl third:
time. 1:52l3. Five and half furlongs-
Hermosa won. La Goleta second, Pat
Murphy third: time, 1llls.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
IT DID NOT APPLY.
The Monroe Doctrine Was Not stretched
To Protect the Black Republic.

Paris. Dec. 9.-The Temps, commenting
to-day upon the settlement of the Hayti-
German trouble, says: president Sam
and his colleagues imagined that the
convenient and elastic Monroe doctrine
would apply TO their case. This little cal
culation was wrong. The United States
was not anxious to advertise or extend
their solidarity to negro states. on the
other hand the last reproach which can
be urged against the policy of Washing
ton Is not taking into account the rela-
tive strength of nations. America does
not wish to embroil itself with Germany
merely for the beaux yeux of the black
republic.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10

Entries at lnpIesitle.

Following are the entries for to-day's
races at Ingleside:
First race, seven-eighths of a mile-Lus
Cerillos, Justine, Pleasanton, Sandow. III:
Rufalba. %: B. q w, l02: Little Singer
Florimel, Fannie s., JOG; Woodland Belle
Ill.
Second race, three-quarters of a mile
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
Al New Orleans.

New Orleans. Dec 9--Weather fine,
track slow. Selling. six furlongs-AlNa w.
won. Ben Naddell second. DIR. Work
third; time, 1:2ll4. Selling, five furlongs
Seaport won. Dunster second, Laura
May third: time l06i4 Selling. one mile
High Noon won, Serf second. Niscount
third. time. 1904. Six furlone s-BilI Ar
nett won, Cherry Leaf second. Mace
third; time. I'll Selling. mile and 20
yards-Fasig won. Dockstader second,
Nanbrunt third; time. 1:5lat
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
Shasles AT the Horse Show.

awful Jam. here William said Rich
ard Ill TO Shakespeare.
Fearful" replied Shakespeare. "lf I'd
over dreamed Of this ia not have had you
offer YOUR kingdom for horse but fer
box"
Il guess that's about what ii would cost
for a week" replied Richard.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
A Special Agent.

Special Dispatch 10 the Standard.
Washington. Dec. 9.-The postofiice de-
partmcnt has decided TO send special
agent to investigate the ACCESSIBILITY of
extending free delivery to Great Falls.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10

capetown. Dee. a.-The British troop
ship Avoca. with about 1.fo1 men aboard
from Jamaica for this port has arrived
here safely. A rumor prevailed yesterday
that the Avoca had foundered.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
Iuetceri,s Jurors.

Chicago, Dec. 9.-Four new jurors We're
secured in the Luetgert case to-day. The
Jury now lacks but one man and il
expected he will be secured tomorrow.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
Another German Shin Goes.

Kiei. Dec. 9.--The German cruiser GER
sailed for the West Indies to-day. The
GER is third class cruiser.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
I5,.,1f9eIe,i b N.-tIr..

The summer coat OF the polar fox is
dark. almost black. In winter it is so
white that the animal can hardly be sen
as IL runs over the snow.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
TO CURE A COLD IN ONE DAY

Take Laxative Bromo Quinine Tablets. All drug
gists refund the money If IL fails 10 cure. 25c
The genuine has L. i. Q. on each tablet
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-10
STIRRED UP A DEBATE

Continued from Page One.)
The indicator., 1897-08-21
MIS- ERLY WITH DYING BREATH
The Passing of iIaitc Sven. Worth Quar-
ter of u Million Dollars.

"IIalte Sven" n character Of the North
Side for some nifty years died at the Alex
Ian brothers Hospital last Thursday the
result OF II fall from the second story OF Il
building mt Hohble street and Milton avenue.
"lInlte Sven"-which means Lame SVEN
was n iniser. His name was $. u. Johnson.
but few knew 1t. He owned score OF
apartment houses on the North Side, and
his wealth is estimated at S25O0Ol. But
could find in the garbage boxes OF the neigh
borhood, II any OF his Swedish countrymeu
offered him Il drink he requested to be given
the coin 1t would cost and pOcketed 1t with
thanks.
Many stories are told of "IIalte Sven's'
peculiaritlcs. one day he called ut one of
his handsome apartment houses. and SER
want who did not know him came to the
door. She assumed he was a tramp, and
He eagerly dcvuurcd the food and then as
founded the girl by requesting her To tell
her master the landlord had been there for
the rent. He died bcwailing tile expense
incurred Mt the AleNian brothers Hospital.
and almost with his last breath begged TO
be removed to the free county hospital.
Svcuska kurircn says of the old man:
ut is n dark page of life, and at great
variance from the normal Swedish character.
Not n single noble. self sacrificing deed or
thought can be brought forward to cast n
his wealth he was poor and without the
slightest joy, happiness, love, friendship or
regrets surrounding the end of his seventy
four years Of life"
Even before the fire "IIalte Sven" was
wealthy, and shrcwd Investments. their
earnings and no expenditures did the rest.
sister in Minneapolis is his only heir.
The indicator., 1897-08-21

Before the AlahHma Industrial and
scientific Society lately T. II. A!drich
gave an account of he work in which
lie has lately boon engaged in prcpaI-
ing to mine and mill the bearing
quartz veins of Hog Mountain. in 'fal-
lappnsa county. This is low grade ore
hut it can he mined aud millrd ~ II
very small cost, and rs The quantity Is
very great the proposed operations are
to he on n large scale. In connection
with this paper the discussion brought
out the fact that he working of similar
low grade ores hss been very prolitai'.y
carried on for about u year in the
Idaho district. in Clay county, and MIR.
Aldrich predicts that number of gold
mining plants viii soon he in success
full operation in the state. The recent
reports of the state geological survey
have shown that low grade gold ores
occur in large quantity at several local
tiles in Alabama. and. sIucc the success;
of the operations at Idaho has beer
fully demonstrated. the attention q
capitalists has been directed to this in
Wiling fell
The indicator., 1897-08-21

Those importers who in anticipation
of the enactment of Il protective tariff
law, have been filling their warehouses
to overlooking with foreign goods. may
have overreached themselves. Many
retail dealers in dry goods are buying
conservatively in expectation OF big
break in the market later. due to the
laying in of such an overstock on the
part of the importers. 1t may be that
these importers will get severe pun
ishment for having, by the tremendous
amount of their recent imports, de-
prived the American people of such an
amount of labor.
The indicator., 1897-08-21

At n lecture recently delivered at the
Royal Institution at London Professo,
COokes said that the spcculations as to
the probable origin of the diamond
have been greatly forwarded of
late years by improved means of OBJ
taining high temperatures; and through
the successful experiments of Mossan
microscopic diamonds have been made
in the laboratory. He had provided a
most powerful dynamo, specially made
for the purpose, weighing four and one
half tons, and when driven by fifty
to seventy-tive horse power engine
generating current in the electrical
furnace of 100 or 500 amperes and sew
enty volts, yielding heat from $500
to 5000 degrees Ccntigrade. In the pro-
cess Of making diamonds the first neces-
sity was to selectc pure iron and to
pack 1t in n cruciblc with pure charcoal
from sugar. Half n pound of this iron
was then put into the body of the cleo
trio furnace and the arc formed close
above It to utilize the electrical cur
rent passing through it. The iron mclts
rapidly and saturates Itself with the
carbon. After few minutes it is heat
cd above 1000 degrees-a temperature
at which the lime of the furnace melts
and volatilizes. The current is then
stopped, and the crucible is plunged
beneath the surface of cold water,
where 1t is held until 1t diminlshes to
a dull red heat The sudden cooling sol
idifies the outer layer OF iron and holds
the inner molten mass in tight grip.
The expansion of the inner liquid in
solidifying produces an enormous pres
sure and the dissolved carbon separates
out into n transparent dense crystalline
form-in fact, as diamond Then COM
mences the more tedious part of the
process, the attacking of the metallic
mass of solvents to liberate the dia-
monds, the crystals of graphite oxide
carbonate and bort-thc cleansing op-
Grafton being repeated until all the well
washed grains are collected and exam
ined under the microscope. The labor
ntory diamonds burn in the air before
the blow pipe into carbonic acid. and in
lustcr, crystalline form. optical prop
critics, density and hardness are iden-
teal with the natural stones. Many
circumstances, he pointed out, led TO
the conclusion that the diamond of
the chemist and the diamond of the
mine are akin as to origin, and that the
diamond genesis must have taken
place at great depths under enormous
pressure. Molten iron could have held
the carbon in solution. and all the va
rietieS of carbon crystals. and even the
different tints of diamonds from vari-
Gus mines and geographical areas could
be accounted for on this theory. 1t is
certain. from observations made at
Kimberley, corroborated by the expe-
riencc gained in the laboratory that iron
ut high temperature and under great
The indicator., 1897-08-21

American Economist! There is no
motive to make a product il you can't
find somebody to take IT, The maker
must find the taker You Will not EN-
ploy labor to make a product If You
cannot find buyer for that product
after labor has made ii.-President Nc
Kinley.
This is so obvious truth that we
may suppose that even free-trader
would agree to 1t. The conclusions in
evitably resulting from this truth are
equally obvious. Why the free-traders
cannot see them is one of the mysteries
of the nineteenth century. 1t ought to
be perfectly plain that ii, by free-trade,
the products of foreign manufacturers
are brought into this country to under
sell American manufacturers, the for
eign makers Will find all the
takers" and the result will be that
American manufacturers will not be
able TO find buyers for their products,
and will, therefore not employ labor to
make those products. The reasoning is
perfectly simple Put we have had
something more than reasoning in re-
gard to 1t during the last four years
We have had a practical demonstration
The doctrinaires and hide-bound free
traders may not yet have had their eyes
opened. but the people of the country
have. And that's why William McKin-
ley is president of the United States
Decatur, Ill, Republican"