New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-08-13
WORK AND WAGES.
INTERESTING STATISTICS GIVEN BY THE
COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

fly TELEGRAPH TO THE TRIBuNEI
Washington Aug l2-The eleventh annual re-
mort Of the Commissioner OF Labor recently Pr'"'e
and issued in bound volume, deals with the aues
ton of the work and wages OF men, ~ome" ",'
children The tables illustrate the ac.ua' 'o.'
tions statistically and introduced by sno'
topicaI treatment In every case al the Des""e "
the large volume. They relate 10 the oc'"p"
ard earnings OF men, women ana cmioren' W "
dustries and States: the relative eniciehc! VI VIII
and children. and Of men, by es'api'sh"ei'' 49,
comparison of earnings Of these, by industries III.
reasons for the employment Of women ana eir's ny
states and industries: hours per week WORK." u
establishments reporting, By lncus'rIeS' on"
pations followed by women ana GiriH os '
fries The Information collected was obtained elmer
from the payrolls or from the proprietor foreman
or trusted employe designated by the Woprie'o''
Tommissioner Wrights first table gives the num-
Der OF persons employed In s3l establishments III
,wenty-seven States. respectively III 1000 on anu "
1886 divided into males and fenai"s' over anu
under eighteen years Of age In the former pe 'o'
the total number OF males eighteen years oiu "
over was &c 49, under eighteen years oin' ''i''
or females the number was 21.l& eighteen years
old or over; 6743 under eighteen years III WIN
he calls the present period. iss5-' - th'Se hup'''
WERE respectively. 1915, 1870. i5.lG2. l2''l' oc"
York furnished 2l1 of the establishments, >'"
Jersey 81 and Connecticut %. In the lse' - p'io
New-York employed AIS males and $40 females
under eighteen years old: New-Jersey. 2o2 ana Or
rcspectvey Connecticut So and lia in me 1872 -
period New York employed 40 males anu i''Vf ie
males under eighteen years; New-Jers'! Oh anu
liS: Connecticut 81 and los The percentage OF III
Of males eighteen years ola or over "as 20
under eighteen years it 500 or females the
percentage was respectively sG.3 and sol. The per
ccntage o. New York's male increase nndor eigh
teen years was 6s.2; female. sl4; New-Jersey, 'o'
and 2l.S: Connecticut. male increase OF FL ana
female decrease Of 80.
Condition OF Dor is shown not altogether oy sen
and az, but also conjugally The total SHOWS
that for the present period out Of an aggregate Oh
- sS7 women 7O92l ST. per cent, were single
6775 or So per cent married; 20.l, or 20 per cent
widowed: &c. or less than one-tcnth OF per en-
divorced and pa. g per cent, unknown ro'
the former period. out OF d total oil "4'''' "oi"'
81 500 or GIG per cent. were single; la5 or 20 per
cent married. 4S or / per cent, widowed; T. or
less than onc-tenth of / per cent. divorced anu
1888 or 32S per cent, unknown. In lee'- 80 ->e"
York had 9S0l single persons; New-JerseS' i'"'
Connecticut ga. IL 1885 these States were mus
represented-I4,559, 2sii and ga. Not noting ''e
divorced and unknown. 1t is found that New-i ofk
had OF married in the former period. 9i"' New-'e'
sey ~ Connecticut, %. In the latter periou Ne"
York lOl5: New-Jersey, 1888; Connecticut d"
From the tables il is seen that the proportion VI
females ten years old or over empioyeu III d" w
equations in the United States rose III relaUoh ~
the whole number employed from H68 per cent III
1870 to 1922 per cent in 1890 while the males oc-
creased in proportion from S5S2 per cent IN e.o 10
S27s per cent in 1890, fully corroboratng the facts
oh, aired ia the present investigation tHat w >
males are 10 some extent entering lhto PidtVa e.
the EXPENSE Of the males The reasons may ~ sc
summed IN thus: Their greater adaptalnty W t.e
EASILY controjled. cheaper, more temperate more
easily procured, heater. more RAPID nlo IL" :,
trious more careful. more polite' less hdpic ~
strike; they learn more rapidly , -, a, tho
Married constitute 1915 per ceilt Vi an -,
women engaged in the occupations OF the coull'I,
The largest percentage in any one Glass oil .. nd
pstions is % 81 per cent in agriculture, hsheres anu
mining largely due TO the fact that IN aSrcuitute
many coored women are employed Inc Ssl nalina 81
10 rncntase Of married women is IN proIeSsioi
service. namely 6si In manufacturing od anu
No less important, perhaps. as bearing ., on tno
continued longevity. prCductiveness, cyilizatioh
and comfort OF the human race, are the iacts pr,
scented respecting the employ ment OF children III
The three decades given In the tables. 1870 1879 ana
1870 without giving the precise hgurcs lpr mar !
and females. ii suihccs TO state that IN carm h,r
total number Of male children ana 'ne mui M
employed in industries was somewhat larger tna
tho respective numbers of female children IN tne
two former periods the years stated were Yen ~
fifteen in the latter to fourteen In the census
31s In that Of 1880 1852: in that OF 1890 SCI But
Nj Wright estimates that Il the last census had
Included those fifteen years old as the i95ne,
did. the percentage would nay" D,, w. ~ o.
old II is well to note the remarkable decrease.
The table No. 2. Of relative efficiency OF women
and children and also Of men cnEdCeo IN me sam,
| orcuDntiops would require considerable time anl
| 90 zee Gron TO indicate it, value. Table NO
drawn from IT, furnishes q more ready comparison
ys 10 the COMPENSATION Of women ard chi!drei
ard Of men = the same occupation ana me 81
arc concerned with hours n WORK per week IN th'
Embellishments reporting. by industries. ana occu
paions followed by women ana girls. by industries