davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30

that only per cent or a little more of fall
ures are recorded wherein those railing were
unable to pay their total Indebtedness. Inc
causes of failure. however. are numerous
There is incompetence due 20 inexperlence lacK
OF capital overreachlng the community de-
mand and unwse granting OF credits. lnet
there is neglect of business due to OUTSIDE
speculation neglect of business due TO doubt
full habits of life and personal eXtravagdnce.
Next in the category of tabuated causes enters
the phrase of fraudulent disposition OF prop
erty There are. in addition. reasons that hu-
man foresight cannot provide against, such as
disaster by fire and flood, the failure or crops
and times of panic. the failure Of others or pre-
sumably safe credit and. finally. special or
extraordinary competition These ABOUT cow y,
the list OF items to which the business man Is
liable IN the struggle toward a competence IN
his business venture Against the force OF
some of them the mercantile agency can pro-
tect him. In other instances IL Is the business
Of the agency to protect the pubhc asaIns'
him Thanks TO the agency system, the ner-
camille world has come to be one huge lnterro-
CATION point merchants everywhere combining
To ask something like ten millions Of questions
a year regarding credits.
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30

which lends wings to his feet Properly con.
sidered. he feels himself necessity to law and
order as long as the enemies OF law and order
walk the earth with padded foot He knows. too
another thing which has gone far toward dignf.
flying the profession Criminals are OF every
shade Of means and Of every degree Of inteIli.
gence, from the last remnant OF humanity wbo
can wreck a train for pelf to the bank president
who can deliberately defraud his depoSjtors in
an effort to beat the grain market Greater
NewYork is blessed with number Of detective
agencies headed by men Of high standing. and
these agencies are engaged upon every phase of
crime that possibly society. They
handle after case OF great import which
never reaches the public eye Take one OF thu
agencies of New-York az an example II un.
dertakes to ferret the causation Of all crimsx
against property. to obtain evidence In both ciyi
and criminal cases to serve legal papers. to az.
certain the character and credibillty OF Wit.
nesses. to investigate frauds perpetrated upon
insurance companies and other corporations "a
secure evidence patent infringements. burg
lares forgeries, the counterfeiting of stocks ana
bonds. suspected jury panels. to find the writers
Of anonymous and threa tening letters TO expOse
the defalcations Of bank and other officials 10 do
strOy conspiraces, to ascertain the habits anc
character Of employees. to examine into murder
cases and cases OF mysterious disappearance IN
locate important Witnesses to expose fraudulent
assignments. TO inquire into the validity ~ Wills
and deeds. These examples Of the work n
he done, and the field is far from being exhausted
by the rather comprehensive list. There ara
some things also which the agency which 4,
worthy Of respect and public confidence will nor
do. The most important OF these Is the shadow
ing" Of husband or Of wife AS one prominent
detective puts It: We will not engage In anv
work that interferes with the marital relation.
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30

dred per cent, of course provided the pur-
chases are made judiciously. and under the
advice Of experts Hundreds Of cases arc quoted
where wealthy men have accumulated large
collections and have eventually sold them at
advanced prices, and thousands of isolated in
stances are extant that go to show that picture
buying Is both important and profitable.
The progress Of art dealing in New York has
been very rapid it has been comprised within
the short space of little over fifty years,
and its history is as interesting it Is remarka-
BILE 1t was in 1915 that William Schaus came
over from Europe agent for Goupi & Co,
the world renowned art dealers of Paris. Schaus
took a small store at the corner Of Chambers
street and Broadway. and started with modest
stock imported at an expense OF about S2o,OOO.
From this mild beginning. in half century
the business Of selling paintings. engravings and
objects of art, generally. had grown. until there
are at the present time twenty-five prosperous
art dealers in the city nearly all located on Fifth
avenue The stock carried by these merchants
aggregates between three and four million dol
lars.
Another instance Of the wonderful growth or
picture buying in New-York Is the fact that
the private collections Of New-York's wealthy
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30

largest producing State in the Union. Aoou'
three -fourths OF all the tinplate now used h'i'
is made In this country. The tin employed 10
imported in blocks and IL comes chiefly tto'"
Wales. Tinplate first made hv Major NAV
bury, at Pont Pool Wales. In l'2o. V''
trait OF the Major can be seen b, the once V
Phelps Dodge & Co. in Cliff-st- According "
IL. he would more readily have been taken 'o'
n baker than for military man. The Ne"
York capital invested In the rianufac'u'e "
tinplate is from S2.00l+-40 to S5(mo,"@'. ana Inv
annual sales here ruf up to from S'""""~ "
S6OOO 900 il 49,
In the manufat tture and Wholesale trade VI '
ware In this city tt~fe are engaged six large a'u
ten smaller. concerns. employing an ass''s
capital Of 81 JOOOO0 The sales c,ot up anou'S''
Geo OnO annually. Several of .,he factories -"
,ooa,oa ,,,b,, the limits OF GI eater New-forx.
This particular industry tool It's r'se
.,,,. ,,,., xears ago. Enoch y<etcham. VINO -
-.,,, a,,,.o and n director Of d ne OF the leading
....'.,,o, ,,.e ono NJ the d loneers The eN-
,,,,,,,ro is M rrese nj comparatively
u. .hout S5oo uoo worth 4 sent abroad an'
49,, -, ,,,s ,,o-t The ,s,rious branches OF
''''s ..,.r,,,o.,ursa are ~, .ated OF separately
.,,.o rh. TRADED has suffered from
a.. .,ra,,.,.r, hus,ness dem esson OF the lss'
'he pie.0' "A rr,css have 'oroken Now how
thrse y,,sr ses,,nr preyails and manufacture"
are hopeful VI prosperousjluture'
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30
BRASS AND COPPER GOODS.

There Is only one mandatory OF brass ann
copper goods in Greater NewYork but IL leas,
a dozen concerns do business here either at first
hand or through representatives. These con.
Germs employ nominal capital Of about S,;pO-
600, but the actual capital invested is probably
double that sum, because many of them are cor
porations whose capital stock fixed by charters
several decades Did stands In some cases for lesx
than one third the actual value Of thc plants AZ
the present time. The annual sales Of brass ana
copper goods in this city aggregate close TO Sly..
800 COO
The bulk of these goods is manufactured In
the Naugatuck Valley Conn which has been
called "the seat Of the brass-rolling industry OF
America The industry started there SIX
ty-fve years ago. when the crude metal which
secured chiefly from Chill. had to be hauled
I'm wagons over the Connecticut hills from con.
venient points on the Connecticut and other
rivers.
Anson G.. Phelps of this city. founder of the
house of Phelps. Dodge & Co: Israel COe "A Con-
necticut farmer. and John Hungcrford. "A Cor,-
necticut mechanic. were the pioneers. hoy built
a mill at Wolcottvlle. now Torrngton. IN 1884
At the present time more than half II all the
brass rolling mills in the United States are To-
Gated in that valley. and the persons elaployed
number close to 5000. The chief product ~ tho
first mill hammered copper kettles. such as
were at the time imported from England for use
in the kitchen. Now copper is rolled into plates
converted into brass and worked M into
shape for many different products. such 40
lamps. wire, metallic cartridges. the base OF pa.
per shells. gauges. stop cocks. bronzes. -tc.
Brass is produced ny mixing together copper
and spelter in the proportion of about si.> parts
Of copper to one part OF spetcr. Little II any
copper is now imported. 1t is secured i'm abun-
dance from the shores Of Lake Superior. aad from
Arizona. Montana, Colorado. and all of the sill
Yer producing States. The annual consumption
of copper in this country is 19lVv0,OD pounds.
Of which 1oo0OD,o0o pounds is worked up in the
Naugatuck Valley. and nearly all of tre trado
growing out of this latter item is done in New
York City.
The export trade. which aggregates some-
where between S:'.Ey)HD and 5000 OOD a year,
is done principally IN lamps, lamp fixtures ana
cartridges. American lamps and American car
tridges are in constant demand and high re-
pute all over the world
This trade like every other mas suffered from
the prevailing depression for two thre" years.
Prices have been cut and the volume Of sales
diminished. The present con iitIon. how ever, Is
notable improvement on that of year
\ much better feeling has existed since the elec-
ton. and while there has already been a visible
revival in the form Of actual Increase Of sales,
manufacturers are looking forward to yer,
brisk trade next year. and shaping their
plans accordingly.
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30
NEW-YORK s MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS.

The growth Of musical publications in America
within the last few years has been little less
than marvellous. fact attributed largely to the
exceedingly cheap prices asked for printed copies
Of the works of a standard we'll as popular
character.
The advent in New-York Of authorized branch
establishments Of old British musical publication
houses which heretofore sold only through
agencies has contributed to a certain extent
toward making Il lower schedule Of prices, but
dealers have made up in increased sales what
ever might have been lost otherwise.
Just now the chief concern Of the musical pub
fishers Of New-York. Of whom there are some
twenty, is to secure the passage by Congress Of
a better copyright law. 1t Is desired that the
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30

Switzerland. They will send delegates to TINS
conference with view to securing such recosn,,
tion and cooperative help as may result III an
international copyright agreement 80 far as mu-
steal publications are concerned ~
representative OF n leading Britlsn nouSe, e"
now conducting a New-York branch, makes the
abatement that the increased prominence gwen
to boy choirs-which he declares are graduany
but surely supplantng the so-calied iniAe1
choirs-has a disposition to increase the sale OF
standard music In this category he inciudes'
OF course. anthems. sacred cantatas carols
chants masses oratorios. choruses ana hymns
The bent Of the trade Is therefore 10 sollie . ~
tent directed toward supplying at very low
prices the highest class Of standard music sa-
cred and otherwise .
II Is estimated that about S1,1oO,OW is direct
" and indirectly Interested in the musical puDli-
cation business Of New-York. including the cap,
ital behind the foreign branch houses ana
establishments at Boston. Chicago ana Clncih-
natl which have New-York depots.
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30

nrinting in London. all the prizes were AWARDED
~ nroductions in which American type ana Dor
ders we're used These leading type foundries
are part of the American Type Founders COM
pany and their product is sofa IN e,sn'ee" sr
90. During the past two years. this company
has produced wonderful succession OF success
ful type designs at very great orlgnai outlay,
and vet the volume Of its business has been 50
great that prices have been remarkably low
The chief merit Of type lies in the design. ana
while the durability and mechanical constructor
re designers give 1t superior value. Among
those ranidIv increasing industries Of the United
states which have acquired an acknowledged
n,aco r,ust he awarded to the American Type
Founders Company. Every printing establish
ment in North America, and a large proportion
Of those abroad. use Its products.
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30

1881 and the first part Of 1892. but in 1897 q
repetition Of prosperity is expected.
During the last period. not only were more
pianos. organs and musical instruments manu-
factured than during any corresponding time
but the majority Of the output was Of the better
and higher grades. Good prices were obtained
and collections were easy. Beginning with the
fall trade Of 1893 the slump began. and from that
time till the present moment things have been
getting harder and harder
The falling off in the number Of instruments
produced was considerable, but the main differ
ence has been in the quality OF the goods manu-
factured. Whereas from 1850 to 1892 the ma
jority Of instruments made were Of the better
grade. from 1892 to 1897 the majority have been
of the cheaper grade.
In fact, it may be said that whereas in former
years the whole tendency of the piano. organ
and musical industries was upward in quality
since 1892 and 1893 1t has been downward.
The great development of the piano industry
took place in the decade between 1880 and 1890.
through the introduction Of the instalment plan
of sales When this plan was introduced. the
great middle class. the mechanics. small trades
men, people Of limited means, came into the
market as purchasers.
The conditions prevailing since 1892 have pre-
vented these people from purchasing at all. and
have forced many to surrender the instruments
they had partly paid for.
Musical merchandise. such as banjos. guitars,
mandolins. flutes. harmonious. violins. also
principally bought by wage-earners. and as the
wage-earners have been hamstrung has this
part Of the musical business suffered.
Pianos, organs. musical goods and music
a luxury in a country where a low wage standard
prevails. but in this country they have become
more and more necessity. as our ever-rising
wage level permitted an ever-rsing level Of In
telligence and culture
People say that the iron industry is the great
barometer Of trade. This may he Of trade but
OF prosperity and welfare the musical industries
are emphatically the best test and gauge.
When the piano and organ makers and dealers
suffer. when the musical merchandise men suffer.
when the sheetmusc men suffer, then IL may
be safe TO say not only that the we-tO-do have
no money to spend, but that the great mass Of
wage-earners have no purchasing power that
is, they have no surplus over and above the
actual necessities of life.
THE point that desire to make" said n piano
man. rs that the great market for musical in
struments of all kinds is furnished by the middle
and not by the upper class. 1t is the middle
class which spends its income freely. and to this
middle class music has become a necessity
More musical instruments. from concert grade
pianos to mouth harmonicas. are sold per 900
of population in this country than in any other
country in the world
"It is fact that this demand by the average
middle class American for a musical instrument
teaches us that our musical industries are onlv
yet in their infancy and that the dav is not
far off when instead Of selling 10000 and So 900
pianos year we shall dispose of 100000"
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30

of art experts that the works Of American artists
are likely to greatly increase in value within a
very few years. the reason given being that on
account OF the recent hard times the native
talent has devoted it's time to illustrating ana
frescOing, and that when their pictures come INTO
demand there will be few examples that the
prices realized will be very large. This should
be carefully noted by the artists OF this city.
These facts all go 10 show that the progress
Of art dealing in New-York, as well as In Amer
lea has been wonderfully rapid. and is likely TO
continue. To emphasize this. two instances can
be quoted in conclusion. In 1869 n prominent
French painter, named Daubigne. sold his pic
lures In Paris for $500 to $500 each, and these
same works are now sold freely in New-York Mt
from So 900 to $4,000 each.
Another instance refers To a we-known and
popular American none other than the ever
fortunate Joe jefferson. "Old Rip purchased
at the Wynkoop sale. in 1883. a splendid example
OF the Dutch school, THE Sheepfold. by MauVe,
for the small sum Of $500 This same picture
is now considered worth from S2O.O0J to S2J,OJo,
so that Our Joe" knows d few other Things
than acting. He could make decent fortune
as an art dealer.
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30
GREATER NEW-YORK BAR.
A PROFESSIONAL CIRCLE OF HIGH
REPUTE CONTAINING MANY
EMINENT MEN.

WILLIAM NJ EvARTs AND JOSEPH II. CHoATE
RECALL sEwARD's DAYS AND THE ACHIEVE
MENrs OF RUFUS CHoArE-THE LAWYERS
CLUB a POTENTIAL ORGANIZATIONS.
In all the nations Of the world the lawyer is
necessarily the leader. He may be dspiaceo ps
the soldier for time. but when peace returns
the lawyer must he called In to hnaiiy se'''e
al, difficulties In the early days Of New England
the lawyer superseded by the minister pu'
IN the end LEGISLATION trlumphed. and the lawyer
remained as the true leader in all efforts which
make for the bettering of human life and the
coming in Of higher civilization. Leadership.
however does not depend the mere name
LAWYER He has no inherited right. and he must
ALWAYS stand intellectually in front II he would
lead
In this respect America is indeed highly
favored. as she can proudly claim to possess
some Of the brightest minds. the most eloquent
tongues and the finest reasoners in the ranks OF
the legal profession. In America. and more par
.icuarly in NewYork City, the profession oi
the law is the goal toward which the majority
of the ambitious youth has ever set its face IL
Is the golden road to fortune, to honor. TO fame'
It leads in a straight line to the Presidency
nineteen of the twenty-three Presidents or the
United States having been lawyers-and II al
fOrdS more opportunities lor pupnc stiNiOe anu
social prestige than any other profession or pus-
ness. Seventy-ive per cent Of the men In public
life In the United States to-day are lawyers by
profession LAWYER jefferson wrote the Declara-
ton OF independence Lawyer Hamilton was
one of its sponsors and the founder Of our fnan-
cial system Lawyer Lincoln wrote the Proca-
nation Of Emancipation 1t has brought for
ward such men as Daniel Webster. Henry Clay.
Rufus Choate Edward j. Phelps. and many men
Of similar calibre. II is grand profession and
IS loved by all who practise It. In the words OF
the great Webster: "The Law. 1t has honored
us May we honor it,
New-York City has been particularly fortunate
IN its legal qualifications Although compare
lively young city. its bar is second to that Of no
other metropolis on the face Of the globe. Its
LAWYERS are orators lawmakers. statesmen, and
they can cope with any of the great legal lights
Of other countries. They have done it for years.
and every day brings up some instance in which
they maintain their great regulations in the
courts the Senate and the council. The New
York Bar in all its branches has men who are
leaders in their special class Of the profession.
1t can boast Of William NJ Evarts. for many
wears the leader of the New-York Bar who has
always been pre-emnent as a national and in
ternational jurist who earned undying laurels
IN the Andrew Johnson impeachment trial, the
Geneva Award case and the Titon- Beecher trial;
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30

existing law shall be changed In three radical
features. viz: first. to so amend to prevent
what is termed Canadian piracy; second to
make the printing of music which is sold in
the United States compulsory within home bor-
ders; third. TO make the copyright office at
Washington a separata bureau from the office
OF the Librarian Of Congress
Under the present law musical publications.
such lbrettos. cantatas other compost
tions. be mailed from Canada to any part
OF the United States and II their nature is dis
covered the postal authorities merely send
them back 10 the source whence they came
Musical publishers are united now in an effort
to so amend the law that musical goods thus
sent from Canada shall. upon discovery. be
forthwith cOnfisca.e ed.
To attain this end bill Is now pending before
Congress.
Musical publishers also much interested In
another congress. which is TO be held at Berne.
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30

various law schools Of America. It can only DE
said Continue to deserve in the future this
honorable and illustrious record. made by your
fathers and forefathers. members or the
Bar Of Ncw-York City. and remember the eio
quent words of Justice Story:
Keep then this first great precept ever near:
Short be your speech, your manner suohs anu
clear: - ..,o
Earnest your manner warm and rich your styie
Severe in taste yet full of grace the while
So YOU may reach the loftiest heights OF lame'
And leave. when life is past, deafness name
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30
ART GALLERIES.

walk around the art galleries of New YORK
and chats with the art dealers VIII convince
the citizen of ordinary comprehension 'ha'
whether the country Is thriving or o'her"ise'
whether business is flourishing or gong 'nroush
period of commercial depression the pest po's'-
ble investment for surplus wealth is TO BUY
pictures. which investment invariably results IN
hardsone nrofit of from twenty to one hun
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30
DETECTIIE AGENCIES.

1t was said of an old Indian in the early days
that because his slain by a white man
he thenceforth swore oath of vengeance
against the whole Caucasian race, and long after
his time there were sane citizens Of the Republic
who made it popular to decry the craft engaged
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30
PIANO TRADE OUTLOOK.
MUSIC PUBLISHERS AND INSTRUMENT
MANUFACTURERS HOPING FOR BET
TER THINGS-SEEKING A CON-
sIsTENT INTERNATIONAL
COPYRIGHT - EFFECT
OF BOY CHOIRS.

In no branch of trade of which New-fork Is
the centre does competition clash on closer lines
than in the manufacture and sale of pianos
However the men engaged In the piano. organ
,nusic and musical industries may disagree polit-
icallv. however wide may be the divergence OF
oninion Az TO tariffs financial policies or foreign
policies. there is just one fact on which they all
agree. and that is that the greatest prosperity
they ever knew was during the years 1889. lo3o'
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30
TINPLiTE AND TI\W1PE.

Tnpate not made in this country prior
to 1890. The industry sprang up after the Nc
kinley tariff law went into effect. The number
of manufacturing establishments now engaged
in it is over seventy. and Pennsylvania is ,the
New-York tribune., 1897-01-30
THE GKEArER NEwYoRK INDUSTRIAL SUPPLEMENT

lines have their agents IN Greater New-York.
who are ever on the lookout for tourist tramc'
Millions of dollars are invested in the business.
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1897-12-04
KETCHUM, IDAHO. SATURDAY. DECEMBER 4, 1897

printed and then the letter. without
having to move the carriage back. In
some words It Il necessary to uss a
many ~ three accents, Gays tho New
York Sun.
There are NO capital lettars. Besides
the alphabetical characteFs there ere
the usual ten numbers In Siamese script.
The company hrst began making these
machines about three years ago, under
the instructions Of secretary Of the
Siamese court, who came to this coun-
try for the special purpose. There ere
now several hundred Of the machines
in Siam. and the saving Of time and
labor is much greater than would bc
the case In any occidental nation. as the
Siamese have no script, and al letters
are printed individually. In no respect
does the mechanism differ from that Of
the English writing machine, save In
the unimportant matter of the dead
keys" There are rs keys, the same
number ~ the regular machine Of this
make.