The united opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1881-1970, 1897-02-05
THE AMERICAN NILE.
SUCH IS THE GREAT RIO GRANDE,
WITH ITS VAGARlES.

derstood-Flows Mainly Underground
but at Times There Is a Torrent on Top
It's river 1000 miles long, meas.
ured in its windings," said the man
from New Mexico, speaking of the Rio
Grande. "For a few miles, at it's mouth,
light draft steamers run up from the
gulf of Mexico. Above that it doesn I
float craft except at ferries. In the old
days, when New Mexico was province
of Spain, the people along the river
didn't even have ferryboats, and the
only way they had of getting across was
by fording. For this purpose special
breed Of large horses was reared to be
too high for these horses to wade across,
travellers camped on the bank and wait
ed for the waters to subside. Now there
are bridges over the river at%he larger
Rio Grande towns, and in OTHER places
rope ferries and rowboats are the means
of crossing.
'In times Of low water stranger
seeing it's current for the first time
would be apt to think slightingly Of the
Rio Bravo del Norte, as the New Mexi-
cans love to call the great river. Mean
dering in small part of very wide
channel he would see only little muddy
stream, for ordinarily nineteenth Of the
Rio Grande is underground, the water
soaking along toward the gulf through
the sands beneath its channel. The val
ley, bounded everywhere to left and
right by mountains or foothills, is sandy,
and the water percolatlng the sands
down to hard pan, spreads out on each
side SO that it may always be found
anywhere il the valley by digging down
to the level of the rivers surface. For
the greater part Of the year the river
above ground flows swift and muddy,
narrowing as it swirls round sand bar
and widening over shadows But the
thing that strikes the stranger most
queerly is its disappearance altogether
for reaches, many miles in length, of
its channel, which, except, it may be-
for water hole here and there, is as
dry as Sahara The river is keeping
right along about its business, however,
and where a rock reef or clay bed blocks
its subterranean current it energies to
the surface and takes fresh start above
ground, running as big stream which,
farther down. may lose itself in the
sands again.
at is when the floods come down
that the Rio Grande shows why it re-
quires SO big channel for its all the
year round use and demonstrates that
If the waterway were even wider it
would be an advantage to residents
along its banks. 1t is fed by watershed
of vast area and steep descent, which
in times of rain and melting SHOWS pre-
cipitates the waters rapidly into the
channel. In June, when the snow melts
ON the peaks about its headwaters in
Colorado and northern New Mexico, and
later in the summer, when heavy show
ers and cloudbursts are the order of the
day, the Rio Grande overfows its banks,
deluging wide tracts of valley and some
times carving a new channel for itself,
changing its course for miles. Where |
the valley is unusually wide and sandy,
as below Isleta and in the Merilla val
ley, the old channels in which the river
used to flow are plainly indicated in the
landscape.
mo one who has seen the great river
in flood is likely to forget the positive
ferocity it seems to display as its waters
sweep all before them, and woe to the
man or beast who is overtaken by them
The flood arrives without warning. The
sky may be clear above when the travel
er, leisurely jogging across the wide
hears his wagon wheels CRATE
upon the sand with peculiar sound. 1t
means that the waters are stirring the
sands beneath him, and then, if he
knows the river he lashes his horse,
making at all speed for the nearest
bank, and lucky he is if he reaches it
safe. The chances are that before he gets
there he hears the roaring of waters up
the channel and sees them coming down
toward him with front like wall,
rolling forward and downward as if
over a fall, with a rising flood behind
Many man and whole wagon trains
have been overwhelmed in this way,
and, buried in sands or cast away on
desert banks, no human eye has ever
seen them again.
1.-THE great river has its pleasing and
aspect, so fascinating that it is
! saying among people who live in its
valley that whatsoever drinks of its wa
.ers and departs will come again to seek
HEM Like the Nile, the Rio Grande
,nriches the soil of its valley to the
Joint of inexhaustible fertility. Along
Is banks in New Mexico are fields that
or two centuries have been cultivated
-early, yielding great crops, and they
ire as productive today as when they
irst were titled. Irrigating canals, call
ID acequias madras (mother ditches),
convey water from the river to be dis
ributed through little gates to the fields
# the valley, which it both waters and
A trip along the river reveals
succession Of pictures of primitive
utilization Of the old Spanish I
ype. Adobe villages, with small, fat
oofed houses built about antique
hurches, and the spacious houses of the {
icos, or great men; orchards, vineyards,
and grazing cattle are all
eatures of the scenery of the Rio