The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1897-10-08

whole field OF vision.
l showed my result 70 some friends.
The experiment proved that a second
| microscope could be used 10 view the
| magnified real image OF first micro
+; scope. But at this stage the real diff
cuities had just commenced. In the first
J place, had to modify the objective Of
the second microscope, and, what is
most important, had to resort to con-
ditions Of especial darkness in order TO
: see the very faint image OF the second
microscope. The image Of the first mi
croscope was magnified 600 diametres
: or $4,000 times the area OF the original
diametre; that is, any particular por-
ton OF the image had only ore-three
hundred and sixty tnousandths as much
light as the part OF the object from
which that part OF the image came. You
see, 1t is already a fain. image for
Photographic purposes. But when ! Sc
3ect a small part Of that small amount
OF light over a still larger space OF 20
additional diame;res. or 1900 times the
( area, making the light only one-four-
I teen thousandth as strong as the first
1 image, and consequently it is with very
| great difficulty tina, the eye can see the
| very faint image in the second micro
/ scope-;hat is, an image more than TO-
600 diametreS larger than the original
| object. And in order 10 see the image
distinctly the whole apparatus had 10
| be moved into d dark room. and when
| the eye became accustomed 20 the dark
! ness the image became quit plain.
But so far as had used the lenses Of
| low magnifying power. My next step
| was TO use sixth-inch objective on the
second instrument, and then the light
OF the image in the second instrument
was so faint as TO require extraordinary
| efforts and conditions in order TO see It.
\ small part OF the 600 diamerter image
OF the first microscope is viewed by the
objective Of the second, and that small
part is magnified 500 more diameters.
making a total magnification OF $780,
600 diameters Of that very small part or
the diatom. Only a small part of one of
the lines between the hexagonal open
ings Of the diatom could be viewed az
once and then the image was so faint
that only by moving the slide slowly, so
as to trace the direction OF these lines.
could 1 satisfy myself that l was really
looking at one OF the lines.
The whole experiment had to be made
in dark room darkenei 10 all the lum-
nous rays and some ultra vilet rays, and
even then the eyes had TO first become
accustomed TO extreme darkness for an
hour or two. The presence OF the small
est leakage OF light into the two micro
scopes At any point along the path of
the rays from the object to the eye was
enough to render the image totally in
visible. The smallest amount OF light in
the darkroom. by acting on the eye.
rendered the eye incapable OF seeing the
image. A six-inch on the second is the
very extreme limit of visibility OF the
image, owing 10 its faintness.
But where the eye fails photography
comes TO our aid. The sensitive plate
acts cumulatively. II collects hour af
ter hour the weak rays to faint 10 be
seen, and thus makes visible the other
wise invisibly faint picture. But the
conditions under which photography ca
take place with such faint light are ex-
tremely difficult 10 obtain. The small
est amount OF dust between the second
objective and the sensitive plate suf1ices
to cloud the picture beyond recognition
This is due 10 the foot that the dust
catches the rays and diffuses the light
from each dust particle. making these
particles sources of illumination which
photograph themselves upon the plate;
and, moreover, these particles act like 4,
finely ruled lines or edges, causing the |
light TO be automatically broken up into
fringes of color until the dust actssupon
the plate more strongly than the light
from the image. And owing TO these I
facts 1 will not be able TO photograph |
distinctly beyond a sixth-inch objective |
upon a sixth until l build an entirely |
new second" microscope and photO-mi- |
geographic camera especially adapted 10 !
the new line of work
The interior of the second microscope |
and the interior OF the camera must not !
only be wholly free from dust and aque- /
Gus vapor, but must be lighproof 10 1
degree never before attempted, and the /
whole process will have 10 De carried on /
in room completely dark 20 all rays |
capable OF acting on a sensitive film. |
This will be an expensive piece Of sppar-
atus 10 build. and researches carried on /
by its aid will be laborous and delicate.
but the results which it promises are SO
great that difficulties will not be no.
ticed. Although l have no donation for
researches in this line, / shall expect,
judging from pas. experience. that the
additional means necessary not 20 allow
this discovery 10 languish will soon %
offered.
This ultra microscopic domain COM
nences where the best present micro
scope leaves off. and this new instru-
nent opens a realm in the study OF Gel
ular life OF profoundest Importance 20
the human race. With the present-mi-
Ne can indeed see that a CELL
has a body. nucleus. sranules, fisgella.
racuoles. ch-omatin flaments and a
structure. bu: q its minuter
anatomy We know nothing. The mex
instrument promises 20 60 as much far
her into that unknown province as the
present microscope goes beyond the I
,ower ofthe ey.
Earlier anatomists aided by the. eye
,lone studied the human body 5y dis
ec:ing muscles organs, and tissues. but
- u4lA4t ts4T a. - ~-'H --+-~-
Ia they learn that all organs and It's
ucs are composed CT stln smaller units
allied cells The study of the cellular
;ruc;ure OF living tissues Is called his
0logy. and the study % isolated uaicel- J
1lar organisms scaled 5acter1oiogy.
NJ out % these studies. aided ~ The
octrine OF evolution. arose Modern b.
~. the germ theory q disease. Cur
a1NieiCe ot ferments. &c Is value %
has been incaicula5,e. Bot
ccOrding . the best authorities Ire
horoscope mas a50g; reached The limits