davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28
southern Grape Culture.

In making a start in grape culture the
most economical plan Is to procure 1-year-
old plants of the variety selected to be
grown.
There are a great many who make it
business to supply grape plants in guam
tity, and they can be had very cheaply by
the hundred or thousand.
After a start has been made the provid-
ing of additional plants for the enlarge
ment of the vineyard is very easy, as
there is no plant more readily propagated
than the grape.
This is done by layers or cuttings.
According to variety well rooted 1-year-
old plants can be obtained at anywhere
from SIS to SIS per 1000. Standard sorts
like the Concord, Catawba, Clinton, Isa-
bella and Ives can be obtained az much
lower rates than other popular kinds,
such as Delaware, Moore's Early, Nor
toms Virginia and Duchess. The latter
named sorts are three or four times the
price of the former usually
Amongst the hundreds Of varieties cata-
logued.
Where there is a choice Of soil you should
choose one that is best adapted to be sure
but Il is true that there Is much soil fitted
for growth OF grapes or can be made so
that Is poorly fitted for our ordinary an
nual crops In addition to a reasonable
supply OF humus in the soil, the essential
elements Of fertility are found in the min
eral elements, phosphoric acid and pot
ash. This is mostly economically supplied
I'm the south by our phosphate rock and
ashes Of cotton seed hulls. But ground
bone and ashes make a still better appl-
cation.
Ground bone supplies nitrogen in addi-
ton 20 phosphoric acid and soil must be
supplied with this element and the neces-
sary quantity. too. II not present natur-
ally but care should be exercised that Il Is
not furnished TO EXCESS at any time.
As with the peach when permanency Of
vine is sought too much moisture and too
much nitrogen must be guarded against.
Crane, culture, even In the lower lau-
tudes Of the south. long ago ceased TO be
an experiment, but Il Is only In recent
years that a general recognition OF this
fact has come 20 our people. Even those
who have not practically demonstrated
the fact for themselves are aware that Il
has been 80 demonstrated by one or more
In every county in the south, and they
are very well aware that II they should
desire to enter upon grape culture their
venture need not be In the nature OF
doubtful experiment II they only use the
practical knowledge Of the subject that
has been acquired by others. II Is only a
question OF suitability Of SOIL proper Sc
lection OF variety and reasonable care
ana proper cultivation afterward, wheth-
or the same calamity will attend the cul-
tivatlon OF the grape as II does any other
OF the regular crops OF the country.
There are certain requirements, Of
course. 10 be met. and no one should un-
dertake grape culture. on a large scale
without posting himself as 70 the nature
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28
Murinte of Pnfnnh.

1t is well known by most of the agricul-
tural chemists that potash in the form of
muriate of potash. when applied as a fer
tilizer to the soil for potatoes, sfngly or
mixed with other ferulizing constituents,
checks the starch formation and the POI
tatoes grown are waxy instead Of mealy.
The use of a carbonate, or even a sui
phate is far preferable to any form of
alkali containing chlorine, for use in mix
ed manures for potatoes. sugar beets,
fruits or any crop where the formation
of starch is specially important.
In wood ashes the potash is in the form
of a carbonate, and all farmers are aware
of the fine quality of the potatoes they
raise when wood ashes are used. Pot
ash in the form of carbonate of potash
costs too much to be used for agricultural
purposes, but potash in the form of nitrate
of potash can be used to advantage, as
in addition to the potash you have nitro
gen in it's most soluble form. AS soda can
be used as a substitute for potash and Is
lower in price than potash, it can be used
to great advantage in place of it in the
form of nitrate of soda. If only a car
Donate of soda is wanted it can be bought
in it's best form in soda ash, called "am-
monia alkali' from the process Of its man.
ufacture.
Corn as well as potatoes contain a large
quantity of starch and the use of muriate
of potash for this crop is as Objectionable
as it is for potatoes. On sweet corn for
canning purposes or table use, the differ
ence in sweetness caused by the use of a
murlate or carbonate in fertiizing is
very apparent, not only in it's quality but
the quantity produced.
Muriate of potash is in some cases in
furious to plants, actually killing them,
the symptoms being such as directly point
to the action Of free chlorine. The leaves
were markedly bleached throughout In
an early stage Of growth. and ultimately
the plants died. The cause probably is
the decomposition of the muriate of pot
ash within the plant; the plant Selling
the potassium which was essential to IL,
and liberating chlorine which then exert
ed its bleaching and poisonous influences.
Experience and experiment both seem to
indicate that organic matter in the soil
is able in some degree to counteract the
injurious action of muriate Of potash.
This is explained by the hydrogen of or
ganic matter uniting with the chlorine,
the hydrochloric acid thus formed neu-
tralizing itself by lime or other base at
hand. Andrew II. Ward.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28
ChnrconI.nnd LING.

These two articles play very important
part in the management of fowls, whether
bred in a fancier's yard or on a farm.
Charcoal should be literally fed, for no
one thing is m )re conducive to health than
this. 1t should be broken into Jumps and
put where the fowls can get at it, and
they will eat It with great relish ! have
fed and seen II fed to pigs with the very
best results, and those who were treated
to it were never troubled with disease or
sickness, while neighboring ones were.
This helps to prove Its value, not only
for swine. but fowls. Where the birds
are kept in confinement it is a good plan
to keep a trough in a sheltered place full
of small bits of charcoal, and the fowls
will soon learn to help themselves. In
preparing pills and powders for sick fowls
i am just as sure to prepare my charcoal
first as a person in starting a fire is to
put the kindling in the stove first. l have
put it in condition powders for horses,
and even taken 1t myself, with good re-
suits. The value OF lime In the shape of
whitewash is well known, and those who
use 1t literally are the ones who keep
their fiocks healthy and clearly. To rem
der whitewash more effective in dislodging
driving away or destroying lice and other
parasite nulsances. the addition of a little
carbolic acid is invaluable. for scarcely
anything else seems so distastefui to the
vermin. Air-slacked lime should be occa-
sionally scattered over the floor of the
chicken house to remove all unpleasant
and unhealthy odors, while a little might
be scattered around the yard and runs
For material for egg shells. oyster shells
and lime. or old plastering Is very good,
and any kind of fine brittle sea shells, but.
according 10 my experience, there Is moth
ing In the world equal TO old, rotten, fine
clam-shels
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28
CommerciaI Fertilizers.

Doubtless there are a very large num-
Der of farmers in this state who have used
commercial fertilizer on their lands with
out receiving a corresponding benefit
from its use. In hundreds perhaps thou
sands, of instances it has been like throw
ing so much money away the failure in
being benefited, arising either from the
use of worthless material, or from using
a good article of its kind, but with the
wrong dominant element, or from apply
ing IL to land utterly devoid of humus, or
erring in the manner of applying it for a
particular crop or subjected to weather
that was unfavorable to a proper utiliza-
ton of the fertilizer that year. One or all
of these influences combined may have
rendered his expenditure for fertilizer en-
trely profitless TO all appearances. In
numberless instances il has been the case
that instead of benefittng the crop it has
proved a decided injury lessening instead
of increasing the yield. The fertilizer be-
ing applied in a deep narrow drill or land
perhaps almost destitute Of humus or veg
etable mould, the plant was induced to
throw out an excessive number or guam
tity of roots or rootlets in that limited
space enriched by the fertilizer and
very short dry spell exhausted the mois-
ture about such a mass of rootlets and the
consequence was a prompt firing or she'd
tnued long many of these rootlets died,
and the plants sickened. There is GER
tain proportion of roots to every plant and
If they are excessively developed in one di-
rection they are deficient in another So
long as there was abundant moisture in
the soil it was all right with the plant,
but dryness would have the effect as
stated. 1t Is not difficult to understand
why commercial fertilizers applied in deep
narrow drills, for cotton and other crops,
is the usual custom of applying, has
not proved the unmiXed good that was an
tcipated. In droughty years the damage
was greater than many realized. The
yield would have been as good or better
without the fertilizer. The fault was not
to be attributed to the fertilizer, but 20 the
manner of applying. No intelligent practi-
cal farmer Of ten or five years experience
need TO have this question argued. Again
farmers have been cajoled into buying and
applying potassic fertilizer TO soil that al
ready had a sufficiency of potash. but
needed ammonia OF perhaps phosphoric
acid; then again they have bought and
applied ammoniacal fertilizer 10 their
black soils, fairly supplied with humus
and in no immediate need Of ammonia,
where they should have applied either
phosphate or potash, or a little of both.
All this only goes TO show that intelligent
practical farmers Cthese thoughts are d.
rected only to that kind, are necessarily
compelled to engage in a few experiments
themselves from year TO year; 90 ask their
chemical questions of the land Itself. No
chemical in his laboratory can answer
these questions for them accurately. No
soil experimenter, even though a near
neighbor, can always answer II satisfac-
torily for another
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28
How 20 Wake a Rose jar.

To make a good potpourrl which will last
ten years, take half-peck OF rose leaves
and place first layer OF leaves. then
sprinkling OF salt. until you have used
half peck OF rose leaves and a half pint
OF salt. After Ave days have elapsed the
leaves will be nearly dry. Then add three
ounces Of ooarsely ground allsplce. one
ounce OF stick cinnamon broken into
small pieces. Then allow II 70 stand one
week. turning daily. After this place In
permanent Jar, adding one ounce OF ALI
spice. half a pound OF fresh dried laven-
dar blossoms. the roseleaf stock, one
ounce OF cloves. one ounce OF cinnamon,
two grated nutmegs, one ounce OF cloves.
one ounce OF cinnamon, two grated nut
megs. one ounce Of ginger root sliced thin.
half ounce OF anse seed, ten grains OF
finest Canton musk. two ounces OF orris
root sliced thin, one ounce Of the essential
oil OF rose geranium, half an ounce each
OF the essential oils OF jessamine laven-
der, lemon, verbena, musk, violet, rose
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28

patent of drought and il is not specially
sought after or relshed in the summer
tlihe When we have so many other vege-
tables IN competition with it, Persons of
taste much prefer spinach to kale. and
even mustard is usually preferred to il.
Inc three together are a splendid source
OF green and one can have a little of
all Il very partial to variety Besides
tnese, for green's the homely collard has
about as many constituents as all of these
together and there are half dozen other
plants that are cultivated more or less for
the purpose. AS with the collard. kale is
much nicer for the table after the frost
has fallen upon it. 1t is somewhat better
adapted for shipment than spinach or
mustard, that is when it is well grown.
Kohl Rabi-This plant. known as tur-
nip-cabbage, is rarely found in our gar
dens. Across the water it is a very pop
ular vegetable and extensively cultivated
but It has never been esteemed in the
south. 1t is a peculiar vegetable pre-
senting more of the appearance of
d turnlp set on cabbage stalk.
It's culture is similar to that of
turnips, being sown from the first of Au-
gust to the middle of September. The
seeds should be drilled, lightly covered
and rolled. 1t does bear transplanting
well. 1t is prepared for the table by boil
ing two or three hours, pared and sliced
after the manner of beets and served hot
with butter, pepper, etc. 1t is sown in
rows two feet or more apart and thinned
to five or six inches in the rows. The two
varieties usually planted are the White
Vienna and the Purple Vienna. The form
er is preferable
The Leek.-This vegetable was
grown to greater extent in
southern gardens thirty or forty
years ago than it is now. We prefer it to
the onion. 1t is a crop easily grown. The
seeds can be sown in open borders i'm the
fall and transplanted in January or
February, or the seeds may be sown in
cold frames in January or February and
the plants transplanted to the rows in
February or March. Good, fresh seeds
must be secured and the while the plants
are growing the soil should be deeply pre-
pared and MANFRED laying off the rows
on a level At least four inches of the
plant should be inserted into the soil so
as to obtain. a long oleached stem. On
well enriched and prepared soil the plants
can stand as close as two or three inches.
Leek can be put out even later than April
if carefully tended, but it is desirable to
give them as early a start as possible
while there is plenty of moisture and a
milder atmosphere. Enough shallow cul-
tivation should be given to keep down
all grass and weeds. In their season
leeks should be, and doubtless are. easily
salable, for many, no doubt, prefer them
to the onion. The American Flag" and
the "Carentan" are two good varieties
Procure seeds from latest crop else disap-
pOintment will surely enSue
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28

son of this is. that usually the garden is
neglected after the early vegetables ripen,
and allowed for the rest of the summer to
devote its enersies TO producing weed seed
until the land is so fun OF them as to
quadruple the labors of cultivation. Early
peas, lettuce. radishes and spinach. are
all past use in June, and the land should
be at once cleared and thoroughly worked
and planted to some other crop, and il
should be a rule never deviated from, that
no weed should ever be allowed to go to
seed in the garden. This will require care
and vigilance, but In the long run will re-
d1ce the labor of cultivation to a minimum
and make the garden work a pleasure in
stead OF a purgatory. | speak from exper-
fence in this matter, for twenty-nine years
ago | located the garden l now cultivate,
and for some years the weeds would spring
up almost as thickly as grass on a lawn;
but for more than twenty years past ii
has been so free from weeds that about
all the cultivation necessary is to run over
1t with hand garden plow and break the
crust after each rain. Everything is plant
ed in straight rows, running the length
of the garden, so that we can use the gar
den plow readily, and we can stir the soil
on the fourth acre in half hour.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28

as those of India and Persia. spranr
Sull, the new census. If completed. Is like
ly to show that there are at least 100 900 900
more Mongols than Indo- European in exis-
tence. Even IL the great world census re-
suits only In an approximation to the truth
1t viii be at least a great gain in lxnowl-
edge. 1t would be difficult to conceive a
more appropriate and valuable gift TO fu-
ture tine than such a census representing
the whole earth at the close Of the nine
tenth century. For ages to come Il would
serve as great original source of authori-
~ and basis for calculations It's infiu-
ence would be felt for many centuries Ia
come In all the political and commercial
affairs Of the nations.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28
A Grand Redding Plant.

Royal Purple" (Strobilanthes Dyeria-
nus is a new and beautiful bedding plant
which every one should have. 1t is GER
tain to become universally popular on ac-
count of the brilliant and exquisite color
ing of it's leaves the beauty of its flowers
and its extraordinary easy growth and use
fulness as a decorative plant 1t sur
passes the finest Coleus in exquisite co.or-
ing of the leaves, besides which the long
racemes of lovely violet blossoms with
which the plant is covered in midwnter
greatly enhance it's value and beauty. 1t
forms a compact herbaceous plant, eigh-
teen inches high. with opposite leaves six
to nine inches long, three to four inches
wide, tapering at both ends and smooth.
The undulation on the surface of the fol-
iage is furnished with a blush metallic
hue, shading into bright rosy purple in the
center, with light green or grayish-green
edges. AS is well known, few handsome
foliage plants have flowers of any value
whatever, but the Strobilanthes produces
terminal erect flowers spikes six inches
long, and at a Observation-Disclosures they
will be most appreciated. Each flower is
an irregular tube, nearly an inch long and
colored dark blue. If the leaves had no
attractions whatever, the plant would still.
be well worth growing for the sake of its
flowers. It is just as easy to grow as the
Coleus, and bedde out thrives to perfec-
tion.-HoW to Grow Flowers.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28
HoIIins institute, virainIn.

This well known institution. ripe In
years and experience h Tor the exclusive
use Of young women. Here the female
mind and body are given that careful at
tention and development they require ana
demand. As a school for young women it
has always ELECTED the highest commen-
dalton and its many years OF work. wen
done. should commend II 10 all who are
looking for o. are considering a place Of
education for their own daughters or
young women under their guardianship.
The course Of study and discipline az Hol-
Inns Institute have advanced with the de-
mands OF the times 80 FAR as the judgment
OF the institution recognize that those de-
mands are IN keeping with scholarship and
a high standard OF morality Tor both Of
which this school n enincnuy noted.
There 81 no other school IN this country
Offering better facilities. giving higher
training and having more accomplished In
structors than Hollins Institute.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28

The importance OF good garden can
only be appreciated by the farmer who
has given close attention 10 Il. TO supply
himself with an abundance OF vegetables
and fruits. A writer In the Practical
Farmer says that am n firm believer that
the farmer who lives up 10 his privileges.
can furnish to his family. from the farm
In abundance. and OF the very best quail
~, Injuries entirely out OF the reach Of
men OF equal means and income IN the
city; but can only do this when he plans
FOR Il intelligently, and Il is IN this respect
that most farmers fail.
wish In a series OF articles TO call at
tentlon 20 some Of the sources OF profit
and pleasure. which on most farms are
neglected. and ] hope 10 influence some
OF my readers to begin with the coming
season to DO better work than they have
ever done before 10 the same line OF farm
ing. I will devote this article TO the gar
den, which on most farms Is a neglected
spot thoroughly detested by the farmer
and Stunned whenever IL II possible.
IL Is not strange that he has no love for
garden work. for on most farms the gar
den IL the weedlest spot on the entire farm
and Il requires a constant fight 10 keep
the crops clean enough 20 that anything
can be grown successfully IN Il. The rea-
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28

The spotted Gala grows more easily. but
never grows to the size attained by the
winter-blooming Gala. and for that rea-
son it can be used for decorative purposes
where plant of larger growth would be
Objectionable
The leaves are narrower and more point
ed than in the common variety, while the
points at the base of the leaf are longer,
making the leaf quite narrow-shaped. The
flowers, also, are smaller, not 100 large
for personal decoration. if one desires.
The spotted Gala bulb, when planted, is
ready for immediate growing and can be
set directly in the sunlight. In this re-
spect they are vastly superior to most
bulbs planted for indoor blooming, for
there need be no waiting while the roots
are forming in some dark closet. Soon
after planting a little shoot will appear,
then the leaf will unfold, and the peculiar
beauty of the plant will be revealed.
In color the leaves are a bright. spright-
~ green, with white markings The white
is not a dot set at regular intervals, but
dashes of white that give the plant the APP
pearance of having been visited by host
OF hungry insects, Upon closer investiga-
ton. the delusion is still greater for the
white seems thinner than the surround
ing green, exposing the inner substance.
The spotted Gala delights in a deep, rich,
mellow soil, with plenty OF moisture. In
deed 1t should never be allowed to become
dry Shade, partial or entire, is also a
very necessary condition, while frequent
applications of liquid manure are advisa-
hlp
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-06-28

While the first crop of tomatoes has been
a failure over large section of the coun-
try, that is no reason for going without
made from sowings of seeds made in the
next ten days. This late crop is very val
liable. and it is quite possible to have the
vines covered with fruit during Septem-
Der and October. and in November in the
lower parts of the state.
The largest crop Of tomatoes I ever
made was from plants set out in early July.
Neither insect nor blight affected them,
and the yield was prodigious, al the rate
of 1900 bushels per acre.
Some varieties of tomato are much bet
ter for late planting than others. For
this crop 1 have found the Golden Queen
and Matchless better than many other
kinds. The Dwarf Champion is also good.
This variety allows of very close setting,
especially for late crop. When the rows
are three feet apart plant can stand
every twelve or fourteen inches in the
row.
What a difference there is in turnips!
If you do not believe it, take six or eight
different varieties as they are catalogued,
and SOW a row of each side by side, and
note the results. The best of the half
dozen will be splendid, and the poorest will
not be worth 'shucks." So I have found
tnat IL pays gardener to nave little
experiment under way all the time, with
a view to finding out the best kind of ia
bic and market. As a general thing, such
an experiment will show that the best of
q half dozen kinds will be profitable, while
the poorest may not be worth the trouble
of sowing. For the past two seasons
have derived more satisfaction from the
White and Purple Milan turnips than
from any other kinds. For spring sowing
they are superior to any kind 1 ever plant
ed. Sown even as late as May. they pro-
duced as fine roots as one would care to
have, and the quality is excellent. Of
course, spring turnips. to be profitable
should be Sown as early as possible-the
moment the freezes are overland be put
on the market by March, if possible.
ESSaca