davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
INTENSIVE FARMING.
Less Acreage More to Be Desired
Than a Burden of Debt.

Less Acreage More to Be Desired
Than a Burden of Debt.
Farmers are beginning to see that
less acreage of land, free from the OPP
pressive mortgage, is more to be desired
than a burden of debt. In
fensive farming is the basis of argu-
ment upon which our learned and sci
entifc agriculturists build their esti-
mates of rapid development and future
permanent wealth. The increasing
number of small farms, with better
cultivation and better Improvements,
IS certain TO be followed by an increased
production, an increased number of
manufacturing industries, an increased
population and greatly increased wealth
of the states resources.
Economy on the farm may be made to
mean more than the saving of the little
things. The reducing of the mortgage
debt by reducing the acreage of the
farm to the actual capacity to till and
make productive will be in the line of
economy. The changing of conditions
whereby 100 bushels of grain is made
Ito grow where formerly so grew is
ECONOMY; the building of better homes
land the enjoyment of better home COM
Iforts by the family on the farm is econ
Iomy; the independence of actual owner
,ship in a business which recognizes no
rival in its self-sustaining attributes
fs economy to mind and body.-World
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
POULTRY PARASITES.
Keep Them Down by Giving ReIia bIe
Tonic to Your Fowls

Keep Them Down by Giving ReIia bic
Tonic to Your Fowls.
1t may surprise the general reader to
know that four different species of tape
worm attack chickens, four other kinds
attack geese. seven attack ducks, and five
attack pigeons. The remedy for tape
worms is one teaspoonful of absinthe to
so fowls, mixed in warm bran mash,
once day for three or four days. Clean
up and sprinkle premises with four
fluid ounces sulphuric acid mixed in one
gallon of water. For other intestinal
worms. give one teaspoonful of turpen-
tine 10 rs birds, mixed in bran mash.
For cape worms. move all well fowls
10 new quarters. kill all sick ones and
thoroughly boil them. chop fine and
feed 10 the laying hens. Dsinfect the
old quarters-yards. runs and houses
by sprinkling thoroughly with the
dilute sulphuric acid. Feed turpentine
and asafoetida in soft food of the fowls
for few days. The remedies and pre-
ventives for mites. lice and feas are
generally understood. Cleanliness and
The dust bath are the best preventives.
Whitewash. kerosene. etc. applied to
roosts. floor. nest boxes. etc. at fire.
lnent intervals. are also efficient. A lit
lie copperas. hyposulphite of soda. and
half teaspoonful of nuXvomica in the
drinking water of dozen fowls once
week is a good tonic and preventive
Of internal parasites.-Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
bees ms weather Prophets.

That bees are weather prophets few
who are accustomed to their habits can
doubt. They seem TO know long time
IN advance whether the winter is to be
mild or severe. While the old straw
hives with two openings were used,
the bees stopped up these entrances
early in October whenever a severe win
Ter was approaching. leaving room only
for a minute passage of air. Beekeep-
ers of all countries agree that where the
bees do little or nothing to preserve
themselves from the cold the years have
been marked by relatively mild winters.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
The Lazy Mans Argument.

Laziness often resorts to very in
genious arguments to Justify itself; and
some lazy men expend more energy in
hunting excuses than would be re-
quired TO do their work. We have heard
men argue that horses should not be
groomed in winter because grooming
opened the pores and the horse was
more sensitive to the cold! The reasons
for grooming the horse do not freeze
up. They are applicable in winter as
well as in summer. Filth on his hide is
unwholesome to the horse in all sea-
sons.-Farm Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17

If you need spring medicine, if you are run
down, weak, nervous, dispirted, tire easily,
wake mornings fatigued, have rheumatism,
neuralgia or headache in fact, If YOU are out
of order and lack your old time vim, energy
and power, take this sure restorative, DIR.
Greene's Nervura blood and nerve remedy. Il
is just what your system requires, at this sea-
son, for it makes strong and vigorous nerves,
pure, rich blood, gives sound sleep, good
digestion and perfect action Of liver aud
kidneys. In this way It thoroughly cleanses
the system Of all impurities, purities the blood
and makes you strong and well. Use DIR.
Greene's Nervura now. 1t is not a patent
medicine, but physicians prescription, tho
discovery of the most successful physician
in curing diseases, Dr. Greene of 80 West l4th
ST.. New York City, and hence must of ne
cessity be perfectly adapted to cure. DIR.
Greene can be consulted free, personally or by
etter, in regard TO any case. Nothing to $500
for consultation, examination or advie
the low price Of his wonderful health-s
medicines places sure cure in reach of ever,
body. Call upon or write DR.. Greene il YOU
are sick DR.. GreeBe's Cathartic Pills are tho
sure cure for hiliousness and constipation, the
perfected result of DIR. Greenes long years of
practical experience, small, sugar coated, easy
to take, certain and pleasant to act.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
Beef Producing Breeds.

Breeds for producing beef have been
improved so as to enable farmer to
secure twice as much weight in steer
compared with 40 years ago. The aver
age weight of an entire herd of cattle
would not exceed 800 pounds, but an
average of from 1000 to 1000 pounds is
not regarded as remarkable at the pres
ent day. Beef cattle, in addition to be-
ing improved in size, are also better
adapted for the objects for which the
are intended, and the farmer who en-
tiers into the business of producing beef
will not give much attention to the
milking qualities of his cows.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
hicn tney are kept. I'ne feeI 81 foai

hicn they are kept. I'ne rect of foals
md growing horses should therefore
re attention given them, since neglect
that period often sows the seeds of
htinuous trouble. The hoofs should
Pc kept clean by being picked out"
s often as possible to prevent any sort
hard substance being buried in the
sures of the feet. They should be
Red from time to time (say cveri
light weeks), to detect any de-
fecrAof shape that might be taking
place. If the feet are not growing level
and symmetrical, they should be made
so by rasping away the horn which is
not naturally worn down. If this is neg
lected the animal will soon have the
fetlock Joint bending over towards
the outside. On no pretense whatever
should the front of the wall be inter-
fered with, for the glazed coating of it's
surface protects the horn beneath it;
It should therefore be left untouched.
1t would be as well to disabuse peo-
pies minds of very popular fallacy
viz, that wet, soft ground, and even
manure yards, are the best places to
keep young horses-and some would
even have the frogs and soles pared
thin to allow the moisture TO penetrate
more easily. No greater mistake is
made than this, for the preservation of
the hoof depends TO a great extent upon
the soil the animal was reared on. The
best footed horses are bred on dry<
soils, and that is undoubtedly the kind
of ground best adapted to the healthy
growth of horn. Young horses re-.
.quire plenty of exercise, and unless
they are allowed it, the growth of thel
horn, etc, is sure to be defective. Then
the question arises: "When ought a
horse TO be first shod?" The answer is. .
when the work required of the animals
wears the horn away faster than it is
formed or grown, or in other words. ,
so long as the horn of the foot can
stand the wear required, it will not
need protecting (shoeing). Moreover.
il the young horses are not shod so
early, they will not be worked so hard,
and fewer would be ruined in their
youth, as is too often the case at the
present time.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17


hetail is correct. Cheap foo.
be estimated by the price paic
the market. The cheapest food
poultryman or farmer is that
gives him the largest number of eSN
1T matters not what the food costs. =
long as the eggs correspond. 1t is the
! product BY which we should measure
and estimate.
Green bones are not used as extensive
ly as they should be because grain can
be obtained with less difficulty and at a
low cost, but as g-producing material
the bone is far superior to grain; nor
does the bone really cost more than
grain in some sections. The cutting of
the bone into available sizes is now
rendered an easy matter, as the bone
cutter Is within the reach of all. Bones
fresh from the butcher have more or
less meat adhering, and the more of
such meat the better, as it will cost no
more per pound than the bone. while
the combination of both meat and bone
is almost perfect food from which to
produce eggs.
If the farmer can get two extra eggs
per week from each hen in winter. he
Will make large profit. We may add
that if the product Of each hen can be
increased one egg per week only, in
winter, that one egg willpay for all the
food she can possibly consume, and it
therefore pays to feed the substances
that will induce the hens to lay. If the
hens are consuming food and yet pro-
dueing no eggs. they will cause loss
TO their owner; and this happens every
winter on a large number of farms.
The hens receive plenty of food, but not
of the proper kind.
A pound of cut green bone is suffi-
cient for 16 hens one day, which means
that one cent will pay for the bone for
that number of fowls. If one quart of
grain be fed at night to 16 hens. and one
pound of bone in the morning, it should
be ample for each day in winter. In sum-
mer only the bone need be given. Such
diet provides fat, starch. nitrogen,
phosphates, lime and all the substances
required to enable the hens to lay eggs.
AS an egg is worth about three cents in
winter, it is plain that it is cheaper to
feed bone than grain, as the greater
number of eggs not only reduces the
total cost, but increases the profit as
we'll
The bone-cutter is as necessary to the
poultryman as his feed mill. 1t enables
him to use an excellent and cheap food.
and gives him profit where he might
otherwise be compelled to suffer loss.
1t is claimed that bone-cutter pays
for itself in eggs and really costs moth
Ing. Bones are now one of the staple
articles of food for poultry. and no ra-
ton should have them omitted. They
are food, grit and lime. all combined
in one, and the hens will leave all other
foods to receive the cut bone If cut
fine, even chicks and ducklings will
relish such excellent food. while turkyes
grow rapidly on it. To meet with sue
cess requires the use of the best ma
terials, and green bone beats all other
substances as food for poultry
Poultry Age.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
SCIENCE OF MANuRING.
Fertilizers Should BE Kept Near tn
Surface of the Soil -

Fertilizers Should BE Kept Near the
Surface of the Soil. n"
Repeated experiment has proved that
the practice of applying large quanti-
ties of manure to the acre on a limited
acreage, making it necessary to leave
much of the land unmanured, does not
pay. Not few farmers never apply
less than 20 tons of stable manure to an
acre, saying that they prefer to do well
what they do, and let the remainder Of
the land take its chances. Twenty tons
OF manure on one acre, plowed under
Tor spring crop, makes the soil richer
Tor years-no doubt about that-but it
will not improve the productive power
OF farm nearly so much as the same
amount of manure used as top dress
Ding on three acres, providing clover is
grown with this supply of plant food.
1t is poor farming to keep up few acres
near the barn with the entire supply
OF stable fertilizer and let thin fields
fail to make heavy sods. Manurial
crops are the chief dependence on a
majority of farms, or should be, and
enough farm manure should be used to
assist thin soils wherever found, so that
all the fields may increase their supply
OF vegetable matter and be permanently
improved, and then any additional sup
ply can be safely used to enrich the
pet field from which one wants banner
crop. Granting that there are excep-
tions, 1t is the rule that manure should
be kept near the surface of the soil,
should be applied more frequently and
less heavily, and should be used to In
sure growth of some fertilizing crop.
Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
Carrots Good for Horses.

OF all roots with which horses are
tempted, the carrot, as a rule, is the
favorite, and perhaps the most bene-
fetal. 1t is said to be somewhat
diuretic in its effects, and to exercise a
salubrious influence on the skin. Ger
tain it is that sick horse may be
coaxed into eating carrots when disin-
clined to partake of other nourishment,
and the greatest benefit results. For
the ailing horse carrots are most valu-
able as an article of diet, and a few may
be given with advantage even to horse
in healthy condition.-Prince Edward
Island Agriculturist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
GROUND PLAN.

poeite end of the box; when the hen
goes out into the middle room, she
closes the door behind her and opens the
one through which she entered the
nest-box. IA are doors, WWWW are
windows, Z an entrance, D the dust
box, S the scratching-room, the feed
room and r the roosting4room. The
house may be of any size Preferred
Farm and Fireside.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
Deem and shallow Flowing.

Forty-fve tests have been made at
the experiment stations to determine
the relative value of deep and shallow
cultivation. Shallow cultivation gave
best results in 81 tests, deep cultivation
gave best results in II tests, and seven
tests were inconclusive. In estimating
the value of those tests it should be re-
membered that three inches was called
deep tillage. CHASING all under three
inches as shallow tillage, changes mate
rally the complexion of the results,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17

rom slipping off when quartered. Bore
two 11s-inch holes in center, opposite
directions from each other, for your
yers. Ash or hickory saplings will
~ for levers, which should be four feet
ing. Then bore two 11s-inch holes one
sneh from shoulders. Use three-quar-
ser-inch rope in them, and tie to beam
ZEN feet high. Stand behind your beef
md use your levers. When you want
p stop put one lever between lever
and ropes.-L. o. Lining, in Ohio
Wnrmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
SOUTH END, WITH HoTBED FRAME
FOR BUSTING.

cemented. The walls are lined with tar
paper which is painted every spring
with asphaltum. Once week take a
broom and scrub the walls and roosts
with water TO which little kerosene
has been added. Since l began using
this house my fowls have not been
troubled with sickness or lice.-W. Fl.
Kraft, in Orange Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
HOUSE FOR POULTRY.
1t Is Well-ArranEed and Has PIent
of Sunlight,

VI 5WHIIBHIs
The diagram shown below illustrates
the ground plan of poultry-house so
arranged that it will receive the suns
rays from early morning until late in
the afternoon, and is designed by DR..
L. B. Lucas, of Indiana. The house is
composed of three rooms, separated by
two partitions. An arrangement for
separating the layers and non-layers is
as follows: Openings are cut in the
partitions, boxes are placed in the par
titions, the boxes corresponding with
the openings. The hens are placed in
one end room and those which lay will
enter the open door of the nest-box, the
door closing and opening one on the OPP
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17

ton board, leaving space of six inches.
Close this by mailing on perpendicular
strips. Make a feed trough and place
in the hall before these strips. The
chickens can get at the feed through
the grating andare prevented from soil
ing their food.
A cellar under the house keeps the
floor dry and is fine place in which to
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
NEAT FEEDING PEN.

How to Protect the Pigs RntIons
from Greedy Fowls.
Where hogs are fed near the house
or barn, the fowls are apt to go among
them and eat large portion of the feed
l finally solved the problem by con-
structing feeding pen so that The hogs
and pigs could go in and out at pleas
ure but fowls of all kinds were exclud.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
THE HORSES FEET.
Why They Should Receive Constant
and Cnreful Affen tim

Why They Should RECEIVE COnstnnt
and Careful Attention.
From the birth to the death of the
horse, says fellow of the Royal Col
lege of Veterinary Surgeons, the hoof
requires attention, if it is to be kept in
a healthy condition. 1t is before the
hoof is shed that the feet are generally
neglected, and the animals suffer ac-
cordingly, because they are young and
immature, and the bones and other It's
sues are soft, and could be easily dis
torted to suit the conditions under
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
PARTITION AND FEEDING TROUGH

PARTITION AND FEEDING TROUGH.
A, Hinged Board; B. Spaces Through
Which Chickens Get the Feed; c, Feed
Trough.
give grain feed mixed with chaff or cut
straw. There is window along the top
of the east wall to light the cellar. On
south end is the dust and scratch room,
inclosed with hotbed frames. Here the
fowls can take their dust bath during
all kinds of weather. This find most
satisfactory in cold times. The loft
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17

a description of rig use to
G beef with. 1t is cheap and east
made. One man can hang up beef
hat will weigh 600 pounds. Get piece
If good timber three feet four inches
Tlhk and four inches in diameter, and
asuhd it. Then cut spindles on each
u Id Five inches long. Bore one-half-inch
tbs in ends to put rod in to keep beef
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17

THE TWICE-A WEEK AMERICAN IA
published In two issues, Tuesday and Friday
mornings, with the news of the week in com.
pact shape. II also contains Interesting special
correspondence, entertaining romances, good
poetry, loca! matter OF general interest and
fresh miscellany suitable for the home circle
A carefully-edited Agricultural Department.
and full and reliable Financial and Market
Reports are special features.
See clubbing arrangement In other parts Of
paper.
Entered at the postoflce at Baltimore. Md.
as second-class matter, April ID, 1894.
CHAs. @. FULTON s. CO.,
FELIX AGNUS, Manager and Publisher,
AMERICAN OFFICE,
dec. lost BALTIMORE, Mn.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
NOVEMBER BIRD and PATH

Our line comprises one Of the largest collec-
tons of fine China, such as Dining Sets, Tea
Sets, all kinds and prices. Chamber Sets, all
varieties, Cut Glass one Of the best assert.
ments in Western MARYLAND
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
nov. left.
NHRIsTMAs OPENING.
TUESDAY, AND WEDNESDAY,

You are cordially invited to attend our
Christmas Opening of all descriptions Of Holi.
day Goods, on
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17

above the chicken room holds the
poultry feed and assists in keeping the
house warm in winter and cool in sum-
mer. VentilatoS shafts run from the
cellar, the coop and the loft, terminal
ing in the cupola at the top. The VIM
dows are provided with shutters which
can be closed at night. The floor is
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17
THE CELEBRATED B. & Ii. LAMP,

with silk Shades or Globes OF fine description.
Japanese, Brass and odd China pieces, Brio a.
Brac and Brass Goods.
These goods are all TO be sold at exceedingly
low prices and no trouble to show goods.
movie At. JOHN EISENHAUER,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-12-17

me. 12th-1S97.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1897-04-15

as are reared by him for food and Ia
bcr. For these reasons. II for NO 9TH
ers. the principles Of agricultural sci
ence should be taught in all schools
and colleges, as well As any other of
the sciences Or arts. First see that a
knowledge Of the principles Is ac-
quired. and their application later will
become not only pleasant, but profita-
Die. No occupation is better calculated
to call forth the learning Of the man
OF science than that of agriculture. and
none in which a man can engage with
more honor or to which more honor
should be attached. Good farming is
the handspring of national progress.
The farmer who calls to his aid the
light of modern science and doubles his
crop per acre Is justly entitled to more
praise than he who builds cities When
the first general assembly of the agri-
culturists Of France was held its first
president, NJ. DrOuyn de fHuys. in his
opening address, said: Agriculture is
the nOblest of professions: stable as
the earth which is it's base. pure as
the sun which enlightens. free as the
air which gives it life; it ripens reason,
fortifies the character and elevates the
soul toward the Creator by the con-
tinual spectacle of the miracles Of crea-
ton. Agriculture is seated upon the
granite upon which the state reposes."
All honor, then, TO agriculture as a
science, as an art, and as the mainstay
of the nation.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1897-04-15

Blake, side by side with auntie, was
walking slowly homeward, and on
reaching a convenient street corner. I
went off for stroll in an opposite d.
rection. When l reached home l found
auntie and. the Major sitting in the
courtyard under the trees. The Major
lifted his hat at my approach and said:
Miss Danvers, your aunt and are
very old friends: indeed. many years
ago We were engaged to be married.
but an unfortunate misunderstanding
separated us. We have lost many hap
py years, but hope some still remain
to us. trust We shall have your good
wishes"
looked from one to the other.
You dear, darling auntie, then you
really are going to be married after
all? OF course 1 wish you joy, and
Major Blake too. from the very bot
tom of my heart-'
don't know how the secret oozed
out, but before another day had passed
every one in the house knew that the
handsome English major had met an
old love in the person of the gentle
little lady with the sweet smile and
the soft gray hair. and that after a
separation of eight years they were en-
gagged to be married, and they were ac-
cordingly promoted to all the privi-
leges of engaged lovers.
l must pass over the homeward jour-
ney and the establishment of our
friends at Fairfield when auntie re-
turned engaged to be married. Some
few Of them had known Major Blake.
but to most of them he was a stran-
ger. Many were the questions and ex-
plantations before everything was ac-
counted for to everybody's satisfac-
ton: but it was done at last. And
then came tine preparation of the trous-
seau; and at last the happy pair have
been made one. and auntie is of to the
Isle Of Wight to spend her honeymoon.
Before going she called me to her
room and said:
Ruth. dear. am going to give you
this little red prayer book as a part
ing remembrance. You know how ]
have treasured it, and you won't value
it the less. I am sure. for having been
so dear to me. And il. when Mr.. Right
comes. Ruth. you are tempted TOT be
willful or wayward. or to pain a heart
that loves YOU truly, think of your
Aunt Hetty. and the faded leaf. for not
every mistake in life ends as mine did
on Easter Day."