davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12
THE FUTURE OF HAY FARMING.

The desire to cultivate as much land
as possible in order to get the most pos
sible from it has led to general neglect
of meadow and pasture lands. Only
when it was found that the soil had
lost so much fertility that it would not
pay for cultivating was it seeded down
or left to grow up with such herbage,
both weeds and grass, as nature pro
vided, says the American CultivatoF.
The result is that most of the land
now in grass is by that very TACT dis
credited as being presumably fit for
nothing else Yet there is In all grass
land constant tendency to increase
in fertility. 1t is so even when the
land is left to grow up with weeds and
bushes. TheE g shelter the surface, hold
the leaves that fall on the land from
being blown away. The decomp 3sition
of these leaves gradually builds up
soil, and to this must be added the ex
crement from animals fed on the herb
age which the soil is still able to grow.
Usually when the Improvement of
grass land is determined upon the sod
to be turned under and rot is regarded
as an important part Of the soils assets.
Improving the land as meadow or pas
ture by manuring it and still keeping
it unplowed is hardly ever thought Of
Yet as in most cases this grass land is,
even with manure, not quite rich
enough for profitable cropping, the ex
pertinent is worth trying Of applying
to it such manure as can be had and
see what the increased grass or hay
product will be worth. This is done
successfully in England. Why may it
not be also in the older parts of this
country9 The demand for hay is gen
orally good in all Eastern cities. Will
it pay TO fertllize grass lands so as to
make the growing of hay profitable If
it will not pay to maintain fertility in
grass land, the logical sequence is that
all hay or grass taken from it helps to
reduce fertility SO that the soil will be
worth nothing for the production of
any kind Of crop.
1t is likely that in the future, as in
the past, most of the hay crop in this
country will be produced in the years
wneu 6te rosation between cultivated
crops and grass requires that the land
be seeded. Our climate is not moist
like that of England. Hence it cannot
keep a good sod many years without
blowing and seeding. This also is Sc
much the best for cultivated land that
there need be no fear that the profits
of cultivated crops will so lessen the
amount Of land in grass that there will
not be hay enough to feed with grain
and coarser fodder, nor that it will fail
to be supplied at reasonable prices.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12

called into service and Thousand
products of human ingenuity are en-.
ployed Agriculture's advance ia es
nothing. The truth is that we are only
beginning to have scientific fouuda-
ton upon which to stand. The whole
theory of plant growth has only re-
Gently been revised and we have as yet
only begun to adapt our methods to
the new theories, says Farm News.
It is only twenty one years since the
first agricultural experiment station
was established in this country, and
less than half century since the first
one in the world began it's work in
Leipsic, Germany. Prior to that time
but little scientific attention had been
given to the cultivation of the soil, SO
that the results accomplished in these
few decades are nothing less than mar
velous. And the results are all tbs
more encouraging from the fact that in
almost every department. of the work
they are basic; the discoveries made,
the results obtained give foundation
for future work along the same line
Take for example, the work OF the
bacteriologists, A few years ego their
work was confined almost exclusively
TO the study of bacteria Injurious to
plant and animal life; at the present
time much mere attention is paid to
the bacteria Useful to the processes of
growth. Dairymen purchase IN the
open market a pure culture, ''B Al, "
for use in ripening cream. And now
experiments Of even greater Importance
are under way, are indeed all but sue
cessful, in which the fertility of the
soil is preserved and even created, by
inoculation with a bacterial culture
This subject is treated more fully in
an able article on another page in this
issue.
The outcome no man can guess But
it is certain that agriculture, as we'll as
every other occupation that employs
the time and energies of man, has
illimitable possibilities before it. His
takes will doubtless be made; enthusi
asts will be led away by half truths
and theories untried, but every year
will bring us nearer perfection.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12
SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE.

More and more is agriculture look
ing to science as the source of it's sal
vation. 1t is largely because agricul
ture has not kept pace with the other
arts in scientific development, that it
finds itself at such disadvantage to
day. There have been, it is true, great
advances made; crops are planted with
a much greater degree of certainty
and are brought to maturity and con
verted into cash with q much less ex-
penditure of human Drawn than ever
before, but compared with the ad,
-Vances resulting from the adoption OF
scientific methods In the mechanical
arts, where steam and electricity are
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12
TO MAKE THE FARM PAY.

At the Bloomingburg (Ohic) Farm
ers' Institute, Mr.. John Larimor, In
the course Of an address, said:
One Of the greatest hindrarces to
profitable farming is desire to 30 too
fast at first and to purchase things we
could get along without.
The obliging agents tell you that
you need not trouble about the
money; your note will do just as we'll ;
but you will find that ycu must pay
big interest for the privilege of going
in debt, and you are always at a disad-
vantage to your creditor.
Have the money ready to pay and
you can then make your half of the
bargain. Take coed care of your farm
and your stock, and they will furnish
the money for necessary outlays.
will just cay to young men who ex-
pect to make farming their occupation,
that they may expect hard work and
plenty of it, and will not need to join
any baseball nine for exercise; but if
they take care of their health and
habits it will not hurt them, for l have
tried it for over sixty years and am to
day a well preserved man. lean truly
say that with the blessing of our Heav
enly Father upon the labors of myself
and family have made farming pay,
and what 1 have done others can do
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12

faculty of absorbing it and storing it
in their structures, especially in the
roots. The growing of these crops will
not only save the purchase of the most
expensive of the three manures, but if
plowed under, will loosen the soil and
add the needed humus. Other sub
stances that are rich in nitrogen are
fish scraps, tankage and animal refuse
Of almost almost any kind, nitrate of
soda and other mineral nitrates. Farm
and Fireside.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12
AGRICULTURE.

Feeding and training have given
gaIle to the breed, and their value
ault be kept up by feeding and train
.sS.
ne sod ground that is to grow corn
ext season will waste but little ma
llre, however fresh it may be, that is
spread on it now.
The handiess way to keep record of
g. "3W orchard is to make little map
I, { with the trees all marked, num-
ID and named.
Tae male should always be selected
some pure breed, anG not hap
ard, but after a careful investiga-
of his antecedents.
:5is no easy job to pick up herd of
i COWS at random The safest plan
get a few good ones and then buy
sgistered bull and breed up.
When evergreen trees get rusty on
) lower branches, cutting out the
9eE will cause the lower part of the
to regain its vigor and green ap-
{ rance.
Dead branches and suckers may be
away from the fruit trees at this
ason. The branches should be cut
close to the trunk, clear back to the
wood.
What man has done man can do.
ny dsirymen have succeeded in
ting their herds up to an average of
pounds of butter per COW per year.
should strive for it.
iery soon, if not now, farm machin-
1Imowers, reapers, wagons, plows,
ivators, etc, that cost millions of
4 liars will be buried in snow. The
E-mer's loss is the manufacturers
gem.
No animal is more likely to suffer
Ii IA lack of water than is the hog.
Ills is mainly because this stock is
OF en- fed milk or swill, the latter
Usually having more or lsss salt in it,
anI both utterly unfit to take the place
& water. Fattening hogs especially
81 auld be given all the water they will
djnk, as it keeps them from beconS1g
'9Terish, which Injuries the quality of
shtir roEk.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12

such lucid manner the magnitude of
the dairy inter est.
For the benefit of those writer's on
dairy subjects, who are constantly
either ignoring the private dairy in
terest, or making comparisons un-
favorable to it with the public cream
cry interest, some figures in the sou
venir are worthy of consideration and
will be given below:
The total value OF creamery butter
made in Illinois in 1892 is put down at
$14, 575. 866 "a This seems vast sum
of money, as truly it is, and many of
our readers if asked how it would com
pare with the value of dairy butter
made in the State the same year would
hardly give an answer indicating the
facts as reported. Mark the figures
given to indicate the value OF that
product, viz: dairy butter made in the
State Of Illinois during the year 1892
The figures given in round numbers
are $31, 600, 600 considerably more
than double the value of the public
creamery product.
Nov, when it is remembered that
the above refers to but one State, and
that there is doubtless not State in
the Union where as great and perhaps
a greater, difference does not exist in
favor of the value of the farm dairy
product, is not the interest of the latter
entitled to a good deal of attention.
F. w. MOsELEY.
Clinton Iowa
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12
FAEMINa BY TsE FIRL sIna

The evening" are getting longer as
winter comes on, and after the day 3
work is done and all is snug for thu
night, it is good time to do something
The fact is the average farmer does
not think half enough. Many work
so hard that they do not have vital
force enough LIFT to do good job of
thinking. They act on the principle
that hard work alone will bring sue
cess, which is fallacy. While there
is no royal road to successful farming,
fruit-growiug Or any other rural pur
suit, there is a vast difference between
the net profits of the average hard
working but plodding tilIer of the soil
and of one who is wide awake.
Ole all important thing that a large
part Of the farmers, gardeners and
fruit growers forget is that they must
feed their crops. 1t is no more reason
able to shut live stock in barren pas
ture field and expect them to fatten
than to look for good crops in a feld,
orchard or garden that has not been
we'll manured either naturally or arti
fically. The most fertile soil will be
come poor after few years of crop
ping without wise management The
exercise of wiedcm in managing the
soil is a considerable part of good farm,
ing, and it can be partly done by the
fireside. II is often the case that an
attempt is made to manure a piece of
land by hauling on it lot of coarse,
bulky material that really has very
little in it of actual marurial value Il
ia often nearly all trash and water.
The value of much barn yard and ci5y
stable manures lies chic fly In their me
chanjcal action on the soil by loosen
ing it, and the humus they make by
decaying. These are quite necessary,
and should not be left out of any plan
for enrichipg the soil. But there are
three essential elements in ell true and
perfect manures that cause crops &c
grow, within undc fined limits, in pro
portion to their abundance. Tney are
nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid
No vegetation will grow wIthoutan OF
them, but much depends on the kind
of crop, TO be grown as to which should
pFedomjnate. If one desires to grow
forage crops, such as grass, corn, etc
or vegetables which have large leafy
growth, they call for nitrogen in ex
cess of the other other two. Toe cheap
est source from which to obtain nitro
gen is the air, four fifths of which is
composed OF it, and the supply is there
fore inexhaustible. The only way to
draw upon this supply is through the
clovers, cow peas and few other pod
bearing plants which have che peculiar
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12
aORTICJJI.7
WIN TRR CARDS


Our fall and winter garden
coming of prime impor nce.
Toe more we see Of t a.
more fully we ere conVfnce
great profits that could Be rsa
those who would engage ia
dustry on an extensive scale.
Now, while the people ID
Iowa and other Northern Staf
shivering in the Wintry blasts
blow around them, and ere lookin
upon bare, brown fields and gard
unless perchance 3 carpet of n
hides the earth from sight, we look
over green pastures, verdant fora
front yards filled with beautiful fl
ers, and gardens teeming with tlt
crops of delicious vegetab ablea. On 81
streets the vegetable vandofa ofEs
fresh, crisp radishes, mustard, onions
and other varieties
CELERY is now planted ia the tlenche
and making a fine growth ia many
our gardens; green beans are plentiful
squashes are growing nicely, and d
soon be ready for using, and peas WI
be ready for our Christmas dinners
Those who took the trouble to plau
fall potatoes will soon be eating al
potatoes, as welEas peaae. just tllin
of it, ye deniz9ns Of the fEozen NoEt
the family here who viii take the trcF
can have for their Christmas dinner
gathered from their own gardens
Christmas day-neU potatoes anS
green peas; Fquashes for baking, stew.
ing and pies; green beans, radiahes
lettuce, cabbage, and many other tins
vegetables.
Surely Louisiana is The place to 1av'
fine things TO eat Lake Charle.
American.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12
CROW RRRRlEs.
American.


The farmers berry garden should d
decided upon now. Let the followine
months be given toreaadfng good papers.
Be prepared to adopt the valnabls
practical advice they ere sure to give
you. Mature plans Tor the season.
select your plants, odst sl saFly +
and let this be your arst work il the
spring.
One quarter acre Of good land, set
with proper varieties and well culti-
vated, should produce from 90 so 40
bushels of berries every season This
would give an ordinary family fresh
berries every day III season and a Iibara
supply, canned, preserved
during the entire year.
Plants for such B garden
purchased direct from areliab
for $40 or s15, and should "a
following:
300 strawberry plants. early
and late.
100 blackberry plants, earl
so black raspberry plants
late.
SO red raspberry plants
late.
rs currants, red and white
late.
25 gooseberry, early and lat
18 grapes, three vaTieties,
Multiply this list BY four e
acre, or by twenty for hve aefss
you have the right proportion
continuous supply Of different var
for market purposes.
Good berries may Be grown oE
soil-send, clay, muck, loan.
or a combination of each pro-
the same be highly fertili1sd
drained and thoroughly cultivate
Early fruits are usually meet
able, and light soils with southe IN
posure are best adapted for that u
pose. Light soils, however, req
heavy fertilizing, more mulch ID
mer, are more liable to fnjuE'
drouth and produce lighter crops
soil must be well drained. Id moro
cult to prepare, natures later
and is not so favorable for sgint
lection. The ideal berry ground
be. first, rich sandy lOam viii
eubsoiI. Second, dark lCan Or
ely Ioam mixed slightly with clay
clay eubsoil, ali having sout
or eastern slope.
Any of these mixed soils viii
good berry gardens bv RpplyIDg
barnyaFd manure. which contain
the essential elements required.
such manure cannot be obtained
merciaI fertilizers rich - nitFogen
potash should be applied
Avoid low, fat land unless TN
drained; it is usually cold late
more subject to frosts
Avoid steep hiliEides ag being a
subject to drouth and wash az eci
severe rains
Very few farms are oils sui
soil and location fcE eood berry
den, and that farmer 1oef1aply "
year after year. without q good Ra
has not learned the drss priklciD
good living. ~. 1aaTers il. "a
Gentleman.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12

q sh Of the G6O1e-gGnsed papers ore
ssc5 listed to keep the EGst stGSGdG1sg on
.as sFst page and add Others, provided
.Rss are dtGtg elected. any paper fail
saG 60 advocate the OcGlG platform t0SLL
ss erOpped from the list promptly. Oar
ysGxsEe can 7aO1g see tCIGt papers are
.ssssEesed iSa Their igeterest.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12
s.E.s NATIoNAL. FI2 MRRs' ALI.
ANCR AND INL STRIAL
UNION

president Mann Page, Brandon,
Visoe-President-H. @. snavely, LeD-
anoE, Pa.
wor b, Denver, Col.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12
EXRCUTTYE BOARD.

HI. Loucks, Huron, s. D.; w. p.
Bricker, Cogan Station, Pa. J. +. VIII
Ietts. Kansas; W. L. Peeke, Ga.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12
JUDICIARY.

R. 4. Southworth, Denver, Colo.
R. W. Beck, Alabama.
ND. Davie, Kentucky.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12
aos9H 0ARoLIEA FARMERS STATE ALEI
ANCE.


President = DR.. Cyrus Thompson,
RiChlands, :. O.
vice President-Jno. Graham, Ridge
va, n. Q.
Secretary -TreGsurer-W. 8. Barnes,
Hillsboro, N. o.
T,ecturer-J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City,
q. c.
now, N. G.
Ohapiain-Rev. P. q. Massey, Dur
ham, n. Q.
Dotor-keeper-Geo. 7. Lane, Greens
boro, N. Q.
Assistant Door. keeper-Jas. K. Lyon
Durham, N. @.
6ergeant-at- -Arms-A.D D. <. Wallace
Rutherfordton, N. Q.
State Business Agent-T. Ivey, Hills
koEo, N. O.
Zzustee Business Agency Fund-W
4. Graham, Machpelah, N. o.
aggTUTTVE COMMITTEE OF THE EoRTE
CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE.
a. r. Hileman, Concord, N. O.; n
Q. English, Trinity, N. c.; James Id
AeWborne, Kins on, n. Q.
z-kzR ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
John Brady, Gatesville, N. c.; DE-
J.F. HarrelI, Whiteville, n. c.; I. }
Gambler. Acton. N. y.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12

msrth Carolina Reform Press Association.
9.Eoers-J. L. Ramsey, President; /;
sEesF ION Butler, Vfce-P President /; w 5.
3GTHsB, Secretary,
PAPERS.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-01-12

"The Progress
ave Farmer i9 q
BOD paper---far
ABOVE the aver
age--and possibly
me best advertis-
lag medium in N.
q" Printers Ink.
The evening times., 1897-12-16
MANY POLICE COURT CASES.
Judge Kimhali Dispenses Justice Ia
an Unusual Number.

Cases were disposed of by Judge Kimball
In the police court today, as follows:
Joseph Brown, charged with affray, fined
S5 or fifteen days in Jail.
John Green, charged with assault ing
Robert Deville, given ninety days in jall.
Horace Burrell, charged with larceny Of
an umbrella from Myron Stern, fined $40
or thirty days in Jail.
William Sprigg, charged with assault
ing Agnes Holman; case continued III I'll
Saturday.
Patrick Sullivan, charged with na-
liciou' tiespass upon the land of Jonathan
Cronie, fined SIS,
Adeline simms, charged with larceny
of $50 from Mrs. Bessie NJ. Stewart
Personal bonds taken for appearance In
court tomorrow.
Albert Cutlett, charged with assaulting
Gussie Beck; fined So, or 8 days in jail
Albert Cutlett. charged with money
larceny of % cents in coins Of minor de.
nomination, from Gussie Beck; fined SEQ
or ninety da sin jail.
Peter Washington, alias Thomas Fennick.
alias Thomas Washington, charged will
petit larceny Of an overcoat, second OF
tense, held for the action OF the grand
jury In the suIr Of $500 bonds.
The evening times., 1897-12-16

Census been the same as at the Tenth,
the total cost OF the Eleventh would have
Desh goo S,dS6.SO, instead of 81 ,545,-
I3.9I, difference of S5,035,5IT.O7.
Relative TO this compa rison the point may
De raised tnat the Census Once was not
under civil service rules in 1850 any more
than IN 1890. This is true; but in 1880
no office of the Government was under civil
service rules, and there was, ther efore, a
dIiusion or distribution OF attempts to
Census the bureau was proba bly the only
enc In the executive depa rtnents in wash
lngton not under civil service, so that the
cSncsntIatiSn of applications was upon
As matter of personal experience in
the Census Office, and is substa ntia ting the
opinion which Is the subject of this com.
amount expended under the administration
OF Mr. Porter from April 20, 1883, to the
date OF mis- designation, July 81, 1899,
was S9,3S0 .223.S0; under MIR. James H.
Wardle, acting superintendent. from Au-
gust 1, 1893, to October 4, 1898, S253,-
GOl .52, and under my own administratiO ton,
1897, S9ST, 1856. l do not hesitate to
say that one-third of the amount expended
under my own administration was abso-
account OF the fact that the office was not
under civil service rules. II this proper
tion holds good, here IS direct substantial
relative to the saving of 81 900, 900 in the
census had the force been under civil SER
vice rules.
lou may ask why express this opinion
relative to he amount expended under nv
own admiuistrat lion. The answer is that
in October, 1893, when l took charge of
the Census Office, there was an office
force of 1,092. There had been n constant
reduction for many mont his. and this was
kept up without Cessa tfOn till the close of
the census. There was never a mont n after
October. 1898, that the clerical force
reached the nunbersthen in office: ney er-
theiess, while these general reductions
were being made. and IN { ne a bsence OF any
necessity for the increase of the force, 339
new appointments were made.
One other reason. toanswer your Questio
is found iu the fact Of the very large number
Of individual appointments during the
existence OF the Census Office. The largest
number on duty, az an office force, at
any one time was in April, S91, when
there were 3, ,119 employees carried on the
census payroll.
Ordinarily, it would seem that ~ before
and after this date, this number was never
exceeded; the total number OF ofappointments
in the Census Office, barring few emer-
gencies, would not have exceeded 3,119;
Individuals, not including special agents,
upon the rolls o { the office force during the
existence. of the bureau, was 4, ,465, nearly
80 per cent more than the highest number
employed at any one time. This statement
indicates the constantly shifting nature of
the personnel of the Census Office, Con-
ditfOn which would not have existed had
the force been under civil service rules.
The evening times., 1897-12-16
City Brevities.

Policeman Robert H. Clark has been
removed.
The Biological Society of Washington will
elect officers next Saturday i'll the as
sembly hall of the Cosmos Club.
James T. wormley has filed bill N
equity against Washington Mendenhal
and Others, to collect judgment. The
real estate involved is lot r, in Lees
subdivision OF square 213.
The Washington Architectural Club held
q meeting Tuesday and elected its Of
ficers for the ensuing year. The club
has lately taken possession of new quarcers
and is i'll flourishng condition.
Tie Wa ShingtOn Auxiliary OF the Wom-
ans National Indian Association will n eet
tomorrow at II O'Clock a. m in the Oh lrch
of the Covenant. An interesting report is
expected fruI, the delegates who attended
the annual meeting of the national society
in Brooklyn.
Chr. Xander, 9O9 9TH ST.; Cal. and Va.
Clarets from 2Oc to o0c ut. Ten kinds. IL
The Goodyear Rubber Company, SO7 Pa.
ave-, displays a fine assortment of Mack
intoshes for ladies, gents, misses and chill
dren; also boots, shoes and toys. Presents
that will be appreciated not only during,
but after the holidays.
Gel6,11, 1920, ,22,24.