davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

uproarious applause from the galleries,
in which many members on the floor
heartily joined.
Mr.. Bailey Oem., Tex commended
MIR. Grosvenor's utterances against
building up an office-holding class in
was almost literally embodied in the
Chicago platform Democratic ap-
plause).
That is the only good feature of that
platform" calculated Mr.. Steele (Rep.,
Ind) amid laughter on the Republican
side.
Mr.. Cochran Osm., Mo- in a satirical
speech spoke~of the injustice of turning
over a subject which Mr. Walker had
freely admitted he knew all about to
Mr.. Dingley, who had fathered a tariff
bill that had already produced $40,C00,
600 deficit.
Mr.. Bland Dem, Mo- averred that
it was well understood that nothing
would be done with the currency prob
lem, and Mr.. Bodine Oem., Mo- al
legged that the civil service law was a
humbug, which the West ard South op-
posed. The latter gave some amusing
illustrations of its operations and caus-
ed a laugh by the statement that Mr.
Cleveland had heen some time in the
White house before he discovered that
the United States were not bounded on
the West by the Allegheny mountains
During the progress of the debate
Messrs. Walker and Johnson had con-
suited with Mr.. Dingley and modifica-
ton of the resolution of distribution
was agreed upon. 1t struck out the
words 'the national finances, the pub
lie debt, the preservation of the gov
ernment credit" and gave the ways
and means committee jurisdiction over
all matters in the message relating ito
the revenue, the bonded debt of the
United States and to the treaties of the
United States affecting the revenue" ="
When this amendment was presented
the opposition withdrew and the reso-
luton was adopted without division.
The house then, at oc,ock, adjourned.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

FOR ROADS.

WASHINGTON, Dec. THE inter
state commerce commission has decid
ed to extend for two years the period
within which railroads must comply
with the act of congress requiring all
railroads to be equipped with safety
appliances for the protection of the en-
ployes and passengers. The commits
sion this afternoon authorized the fol-
lowing statement
In the matter of the application of the
Chicago G. Alton Railroad company and other
carriers, to the interstate commerce commits
sion. to extend the period within which they
shall comply with the provisions of the act
of congress of March 2, 1893, commonly known
as the safety appliance act and upon which
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
KNEW HER SON.
President Mckinley Recognized by
His Mother.

President Mckinley Recognized by
His Mother.
CANTON, O., Dec. 7.-Once more the
children of Nancy Allison Mckinley
have gathered about her couch, and
the reunion is complete. The president
and Mrs Mckinley arrived today and
find the aged mother still living. With
the children are Mrs. Abigail Osborne,
mother of Consul William Osborne;
Miss Sarah Duncan, who came from
Chicago, where she is attending school;
her brother, Jack Duncan, who came
today from an Eastern school, and
the other grandchildren, who have
been summoned from their studies and
their homes, together with other rela
tives, making the immediate family cir
Gle almost complete. In the midst of
the deep sorrow of the family there is
a feeling of joy that the president has
been permitted to reach his mothers
bedside before the inevitable dissolu-
ton came and that the mother might
again realize his presence and he knew
that he had been recognized. These
hopes have been granted them, and
they now patiently and resignedly
await the end.
The president and Mrs. Mckinley, to-
gether with other relatives from the
East, came early in the morning the
latter part of the journey being made
on a special train. They were taken
to the homestead as rapidly as possi-
bic, and as they entered the sick room
the dying woman rallied and for mo-
ment plainly evinced her recognition of
her son and others about her The
president has remained almost con-
stantly at the bedside since his ar
rival and kept tonight's vigil, relieving
others Of the children who have been
so constantly at the bedside. He re-
manned close to the house all day, going
out only for a little air and exercise.
taking walk near the house.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

no right to receive evidence. If NJ.
Scheurer-Kestnar had fresh documents
to produce they should be submitted to
the minister of justice, but those in
terested preferred another method. The
government, NJ Meline further said,
had taken the only course possible in
passion.
The debate was then closed and a
npotion by Senator Frank Chauevan ap-
proving the governments declaration
was carried. AT the conclusion of Gen.
Billot's statement, NJ. -Kestnar
thanked him for his promise to submit
the various documents in the case to a
commission of inquiry. The impress on
in the lobbies after the close of the de-
bate and the adoption of Senator
Ckauevan's motion was that NJ
Scheurer-Kestnar's defense had receiv-
ed a death blow.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
sOHE ATEVlTIEs OF THE OLD WORLD.
Revolt of Albanians
in r1acedOnia.

SOFIA, Dec. Alarming news reached
here today from Macedonia. The Alban.ans
are reported to be committing great excesses
at Debra and Kitchevo and in the surround
ing Districts killing men, outragng women
and stealing cattle. The local authorities
are powerless. Wholesale prosecution and
arrests of Buleariars by Turks also re-
ported from the Bulgarian frontier. The news
has caused the greatest excitement here.
PRAGUE, . Bohemia, Dec. 7.-Anti-semitic
riots have occurred at Pribram. The windows
of the synagogue and of the houses inhabited
by Jews have been smashed by the mobs.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
Talked Of KILLING Himself.

Merchants hotel
yesterday sensational Incident
them they permitted to
remain in ignora as o dnouement
the to
at audi
to his Its
right andI it. did fair
1 the
to faulty grading Minneapolis
of stand
t abou
existen
the
the manb the billiard
Then the disappeared
n
smooth face He appeared
kind he
Where
during the afternoon at his
had
of
in
Minneapolis wheat The
"a
he 10
o
happy
the afternoon
that the man swnded
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
French Expedition
Wiped Out by Natives

BRUSSELS. Dec. THE Movement Geog-
raphique today announces that it learns that
French expedition under Maj Marchand
while on its way to the Nile, has been mas
sacred near Bahrelghazel. The survivors Of
the party it is added, retreated to Bomou
The place to which the survivors of the
French party have retreated, according to
the Movement Geographique is Bomou and
not Bernou. as the publication first an
nounced. Bomou is an advance station of the
French Congo. on the way to Bahrelghazel,
near or at which place the expedition is said
to have been massacred.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

trial. But the general as minister for
war, could not go back of the judg-
ment of the court martial, and he acted
within his right in declaring and re-
peating that Dreyfus was guilty.
(Cheers.)
The premier, M. Meline, was the next
speaker. He said it was the duty of
the minister of war to affirm the au-
thority and judgment of the court; it
was not his function to revise it. He
Ghe speaker) had told M. Sche urer-
Kestrar that the minister for war had
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
German Expedition
1assacred in Africa.

LONDON, Dec. 7.-According to mail ad-
vices from Batanga on the West African
coast, southeast of the Cameroons in the
Banoko country, German expedition con-
sisting of six white officers and 200 natives
recently met with severe reverse at the
hands of the Mboulies, a warlike tribe that
has long. .harassed the German trade caravans
to the south of Batanga, in the Molnji coun-
try, and especially along the Campo or Ntem
river which divides French and German ter
ritories. German wafship with troops is
already en- route for the 5Cameroons to rein
force the expedition thaffis being organized
to punish the Mboulies,
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
Two Years Granted by
the Interstate Commerce
Commission.

hearing has just been had. the commission
has decided, upon causes shown, to extend
said period two years for the pettioning
carriers While the formal order and state
ment of facts and reasons constituting causes
for such extension have not yet been prepared,
it is understood that the extension will not
be conditional, and that the commission has
under consideration the question of requiring
quarterly or other periodical reports of prog
period.
Last week the commission gave sew
eral hearings to railroad men and
labor leaders on this question, the rail-
roads asking for five years extension,
and the labor leaders urging that an
extension of one year should be suffi-
cient
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
DAKOTA FARM SOLD.
Cash Consideration of Nearly Two
Hundred Thousand Dollars.

BUFFALO, N. Y, Dec. 7.-Robert
Jones, of this city has purchased one
of the largest farms in the country,
a tract of 5000 acres of wheat land
on the 800" railroad in North Dakota
for a cash consideration OF about s175,-
600. The great farm is in the south
eastern part of Richlands county, and
was formerly owned by Daniel O'Day,
S. G. Bayne, the president of the Sea-
board National Bank of New York, and
~ herG
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

Mayor Carter Harrison, of Chicago.
having named the seven wonders OF
Chicago, how would it do to name the
seven wonders of st. Paul? AT guess
they are Mayor Doran, the common
council, the high bridge, Rice park the
paving between the tracks on Fourth
street the Minnesota Savings bank
and the city hall elevator.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
BULLETIN OF
THE ST. PHUI GLOBE
WEDNESDAY, DEC. 8, 1897.
Weather for Today
Fair and Warmer.

PAGE I.
First Tilt of the Session.
Roads Granted an Extension.
Old World Amenities.
Defeat for Dreyfus Clique.
China Yields to- Germany.
Mrs. Mckinley Still Alive.
Hnyti HumbIed.
PAGE 2.
Mrs. Weber's Suicide.
Lambert Lake Inquest.
PAGE 3.
Minneapolis Matters.
MoshiI1 Guilty of Murder.
News of the Northwest.
Big Fire at SteVvartViIIe.
PAGE 4.
EDITORIAL.
Meeting of Lumbermen.
No Fire Board Estimate.
st. Paul Social World.
PAGE 8.
Six-Dny Cycle Race.
General Sporting News.
Mr.. Cages Currency Plan.
PAGE 6.
Markets of the World.
Bar Silver, 60 I-Sc.
Cash Wheat Mt Chicago, % I-4c.
Stocks Strong and Higher.
PAGE z.
Duluth Grain Shipments.
News of the JObbers.
PAGE 8.
BicIkeI Trial Continued.
AIbrecht Resolution Referred.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
INDEPENDENT HUNGARY.
HOstilities Opened by Kossuth With
Fierce Speech.

BUDAPEST, Dec. I'm the lower
house of the Hungarian parliament to-
day, Francis Kossuth, the leader of the
party advocating an independent Hun
gary, opened hostilities with fierce
speech on a motion, which the house,
just before closing yesterday, granted
him permission to introduce today.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

1t is said Eugene Cristoforos, Prin-
cess Palaeologae-Niceph
nae, may soon become ruler of both
Greece and Turkey. Almost everybody
hopes not. That name would come pret-
ty close to causing a panic in a di
rectory.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

A child has been born at Hamilton,
O.. with twelve fingers. Although it
has never been officially announced, it
is believed, from his facility in getting
them into every Republican pie, that
Mark Hanna has at least eighteen.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

An anti-football bill will be intro
duced at Albany this winter. 1t will
be punted about the two houses of the
legislature for while, and then some
body will give it an O'Dea kick, and
the ball will be lost.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

Gen. Blanco handles the truth about
as gingerly as Gen. Weyler. Blan-
co says the inhabitants of Cuba do not
need foreign help. This in the face of
the fact that thousands of Cubans are
dying of starvation.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

Somebody has written for one Of the
big magazines an article on 1.-The Won
derful Morning Glories OF Japan" This
suggests that somebody else could
write an article on 1.-The Posies of the
ST. Paul Council
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

Things are coming easy for Uncle
Anson. He is to have salary and
no work to do the coming season. There
are million other Americans looking
for the same sort of a job.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
MESSAGE DISCUSSED.
It's General Tone Not Such as to
Arouse Spain.

MADRID, Dec THE cabinet to-
day considered dispatches from Senior
de Dome, Spanish minister at Washing
ton, containing extracts from President
McKinley's message to congress. The
ministers agreed in considering the
mes sage generally favorable to Spani. h
interests. It's tone has produced a good
effect in official circles; but it is pointed
out that "the paragraphs relating to
the alleged rights of the United States
to intervene in the Cuban question are
calculated to displease the Spanish peo-
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

The Fifty-fifth congress must cut ex-
penditures, or the government will soon
have to resort to another bond issue
By this time everybody knows the
Dingley bill to be a failure as a revenue
gatherer.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

A story got abroad in New York
that Russell Sage was going to give
$5O,0OO,000 to charity. Mr.. Sage laughed
more heartily than anybody else wher
he heard it.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

Miss Sibyl Sanderson's name has
dwindled to simple Sibyl Terry. She
got the worst of it in the matter of
names in marrying.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
MOVEMENTS OF STEAMSHIPS.

NEW YoRK-sailed: Bowie, Liverpool;
Pennsylvania, Hamburg. Arrived: Mobile
London; Augusta Victoria, Naples.
QUEENSTOWN-Arrive Catalonia, Boston
GIBRALTAR-s Kaiser Wilhelm H.,
CHRISTiANIA- Sailed: Island, New York.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

One of Chicago's assessors has been
indicted for soliciting a bribe. If he
didn't get what he solicited, he is
little behind his neighbors.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

Perhaps DIR. Hepworth thinks he will
last longer with the Turk if he makes
an early announcement that he likes
him.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

How would a receiver do for the en-
pire of Austria?
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

The Globe is in receipt Of column
fish story. 1t has been turned over to
the Dispatch for use in it's political
column.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

The collar Of a st. Louis man cut
his throat So few st. Louis men wear
collars that they are not used to them,
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

If our girls should take part in an
international scrap, they might be
taken in their Russian blouses for Rus
sianS
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

Mrs. Craigie's new book is entitled
"a School for Saints" 1t has not even
a. remote reference to Minneapolis.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
EVENTS TODAY.

Net-PrisOner of Zenda, 2.3O, S.I5.
2.3O, SIS.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

Speaker Reed is happy. He's the
whole thing again.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

The sausage market will not forget
Mr.. Luetgert in ten years.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

Is the biggest man in America Tom
Reed or Tod Sloan?
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08

1t looks as If the Chicago river as
boulevard might be a soft thing.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
CARSON CITY LYNCHING.
Adam Aber Hanged and His Body
RiddIPd.

CARSON, New, Dec. adam Uber.
who killed Hans Anderson at Gardner
vile last week, was taken from Ge-
n6a Jail at a. m-, stripped of his
clothes, and hanged. His body was rid
died with bullets, by an angry mob of
twenty-five men supposed to be from
Gardnerville.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
England May Object to
That Part of the
Surrender.
FIGHTING AT KIA0=CHAU.
Advance of the Marines Re-
sisted by the Garrison
for a Time.

LONDON, Dec S.-A special dispatch
from Shanghai says: When Capt.
Becker, with 210 German marines, left
Kiao-Chau bay to occupy the surround
ing villages, whence they proceeded to
capture the city, the Chinese forts
opened fire, and the Germans replied,
killing three of the garrison, which
thereupon fed in disorder. The Chin
ese general In command was captured,
but afterward liberated. Several Ger
man sailors were injured by stones
flung by the inhabitants of the VIII
lagos. In return for this the head men
of these villages were beaten with
bamboo sticks by order of the German
commander. 1t is reported here that
China is willing to pay an indemnity
Of 100000 taels (about $7S5, ,250) and to
grant all the German demands, includ-
ing the temporary cession of Kiao-Chau
bay and adjoining territory.
LONDON, Dec. S-A dispatch to the
Times from Pekin confirms the report
that China, hoping for the evacuation
of Kiao- -Chau. agrees unconditionally
to all the demands of Germany. The
Times, dealing editorially with the sit
uation at Kiao-Chau, notes that the
foregoing telegram, enumerating the
German demands, does not include the
permanent occupation of Kiao-Chau,
and points out that the evidence is
conflicting as to whether this was Of
ficially demanded. 1t says: I'm any
case, now that the other demands have
been conceded, what will be the
grounds for insisting on a permanent
occupation? The double success In
Hayti and China, demonstrating the
practical value of strong feet ready
to act at short notice in any part of
the world, will probably give a coup
de grace to the declining opposition
to the naval bill"
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-12-08
SESSIONS FIRST SKIRMISH.
Currency and Civil Service Debate Precip=
itated in the House.
REPUBLICANS
INDULGE IN a
PARTY SQUaBBLE.
TIR. GR0SVENOR
DECLARES HIS
INDEPENDENCE.

Dingley Attacked by Walker, the Head of the Bank
ing Committee-The Differences Regarding the
Disposition of the Presidents Message Finally
Compromised.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-09-15
TO THE KNIFE
AND THE TORCH
THr ArrrAL ron kOWKlNGNrN ADVISED
BI SOCIAL DEMOCRATS
IuilammatOry Speeches Delivered at CHI
sago Anarchist AsstIaas
YESTERDAY

Chicago. September II lnnRmmatory
speeches like those made m tho lwt
meetings OF social democracy branches
In which tho collision between minerA
and deputy pherrH at lIaHplton. Pa.
were made the excuse for advising work
insmen 10 appoal 60 tho knife nnd torch.
viii not the police authorities state. be
permitted In Chicago,
III WAS ctaetly that klnd II talk. tald
Julius NJ urinncll tho states attorney
who prosecuted tho anarchists VI 1876
which prvrlpltatcd the Hnymafkrt riots
Auch meetings should not ho permitted
The police have abundant authority Tor
dispensing such meetings, am not
aware ot any now laws IN Illinois cover.
lnE such onrnnos but IN, OLD laws uro
good enough
Among trades unlontstH 'hurc Nus but
one sentiment voiced by n,cn ike rlnn
/ Kidd. general secretary or the Amrl.
gumatcd wiroworkrru Association: Gro
Perkins. president ~ the CignrmaWcra
international t'nlon, isaiah llubm ~. Hor-
rotary ~ tho CarprulrrH' Council james
o'tonncll, prcHldrut nf the international
Association OF Marhinlsts. q rhump.
snn secretary OF the Federation OF tb.
hor All OF tlIrin denounced In tho same
breath The action of the sheriff of la-
sol,on and tho rahld ut,eranceu Of tho
apclalinln rhoy utterly llsclaim-d tho
talk nf sunday a. IN any way runccunE
lhr sentiments ~ workinsmen
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-09-15
THE BISMARCK WRECKED.

Newport. or scptombor 1.-THE tug
Tonquln arrived today from Rogue river
ana reports cncountcrlng severe gale
about ten miic- below Cape Blanco. waerc
"a" steamer bismarck became urman.
ngahl" and was LEADING tAdly Tho tug
had TO cast adrif, barge Il was tow .ns
ana take the bismarck IN tow In order
io save the steamer from going 70 the
bottom. Il wau with the greatest ll.n.
Guilty ihat the steamer reached Rogue
river. where she was beached. IS II was
Impossible 10 keep her anoat Search
Tor thc barge WAS made. but no trace
Of It could be- found The Bismarck has
a grors tonnage OF BLAND Is owned In
Portland
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-09-15
PANAMA CANAL
SCHEME TALK
bank ui England said 10 lie Negotiating iur
the Sale VI the lansl Matter
shroudsd 10 NlNsN

New York. September IA Washing.
ton special Hayn
lnlcfont IN the Colon dispatch rrEard.
lnE the Panama canal hAu toon revived
hy additional Intelligence. which haa
reached Warhinston. German ilpio.
inAt received word from compatrlo,
who N stationed IN Paris that II British
company n negotiating for the sale of
tho canal and II In believed that the COM
pany will prove to be tho Bank OF Eng
land Tho sale OI the canal. according
o. thla diplomat 10 the result Of numcr.
oun conferences held Ia Europe during
hHl winter. when tho United States gov
crnmonI was urging the completion OF
the Nicaragua canal Maurice rrubsrt
the charge d'snalrrH AZ the French en-.
baAHy. observes great rotlccnee In dis.
cunHlHg tho Panama affair lie emphat.
gaily asserts that he has received no
oniclAl notification OF such trHnslct.
lie showed Parts paper. the 10 Cour-
Ter N September 8. In which an author-
itaii,c denial Ia given to all such dlsqulc,-
inE rumorn ar that French capitalists
intended 10 sell their franchise To Eng
land or any other nation. Nevertheless
Il IN believed 10y other diplomats that
there ir yc, much To be learned rvRafding
the Panama caual. and /, In known thar
the state department. IL quietly invuuuga,.
lng nt Colon and In the capitals Of Eu.
rupr
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1897-09-15
CHIEF OF POLICE SALE

Notice IS hereby given tnat by virtue
OF warrant issued. and delivered to me
by the Auditor and Police Judge OF the
City OF Astoria, In Clatsop county. Ore
gon. Of date OF the 9Th day of September
a. d. 1897. commanding me to forthwith
levy upon the following described prop
erty:
North e2i5 feet OF lot s, block 132. shive-
ley's Astoria.
And TO sell the same. In the manner pro-
v!ded by law. to satisfy an assessment
against said real property. amounting TO
slO0 what was assessed against said
property as benefits for the extension Of
Commercial street in said city from Sew
enteenth street to Twenty-third street,
and which said real property is assessed
as the property of Jas. McCann and or
the Oregon Railway and Navigation
Co. l did. on the 10Th day OF Sept, 1897,
levy on all the afore-described property,
and on the llth day of October, 1897. at 2
o'clock p. m. OF said day. at and in front
OF the court house door at Astoria, Clat-
sop county, Oregon. l will proceed to sell.
at public auction, 10 the highest bidder
therefor. all the right, title, interest
and estate OF the said Jas. McCann and
or the Oregon Railway and Navigation
Company in and to said property to sat
isfy said assessment and the costs and
expenses Of sale.
L. HALLOCK. Chief of Police.
Dated Astoria. Oregon, Sept. TO- 1857.