The record-union., 1897-08-16
WIRELESS TELEGRAPH.
PROCESS AS PERFECTED BY
TESLA AND MARCONI.
1t Is Said Messages Can be Sent
Around the Earth With
out Wires.

Nickola Tesla's formal demonstration
at New York on Tuesday of his appa-
ratus which is designed to create cleo
trical disturbance throughout the earth,
by means of which intelligible messages
may be sent anywhere, was not a first
experimental illustration of a great
discovery, says Holland, the New York
| Press"
Tesla believes that his apparatus is
now perfect, and as he is singuarly eau
tious when speaking of his own inven-
tions, it is fair ITO infer that he has an
apparatus which will do all that he
expects it to accomplish.
But with regard to the apparatus in
vented by Marconi, designed to accom-
plish in a widely different way what
Tesla proposes to do with an appara-
tus-the transmission of intelligence by
means of natural media-scientific opin-
ion is explicit and in the highest degree
commendatory.
That Marconi had perfected an ap-
paratus which had been indorsed by
Preece, the chief electrician of the Brit
ish Postoffice Department, was in
formation brought to this country ear
ly in March by British scientists Then,
however, the apparatus in it's important
principles was a secret known only to
Marconi and a few scientists.
In the romantic interest which the in
vention of the apparatus by Tesla and
Marconi has occasioned, and in the
worldwide excitement caused by the
publication of the Roentgen discovery
and the swift application of the princi-
pie to commercial and medical use, the
services of one man greater than any
of these, their predecessors, their path
finder, have been amazingly overlook
ed. Tesla's tremendous voltage, with
its accompanying earth disturbance;
Marconi's communication without wires
and Roentgen's apparatus for producing
the so-called X-rays, would have been
impossible had it not been for the mar
VelouS demonstration made by Hertz
some years ago.
That great scientist, Dr. Helmholtz of
Germany, among his other services to
mankind, became the benefactor and
teacher of a young German student,
Hertz by name. The young man had
revealed his genius so convincingly to
Helmholtz as to establish the relation
between student and teacher of protege
and admiring and confiding friend. The
young man undertook the solution of
the prodigious problem of the identifi-
cation and measurement of the electric
waves. 1t was a problem offering CO.
lossal difficulties, such as only mortals
Oh the giant intellects of GaliIeo New
ton and Kepler could approach 1t was
one of the grand problems of history.
10 solve 1t was TO place him who found
the solution in rank with those men
who have exposed some of the might
lest secrets of nature and reduced these
mysteries to accurate law.
Hertz solved his problem at last. He
measured the electric wave which he
created, fixing it definitely, accurately
and perfectly in his computations
measuring it after the manner of meas
uring sound waves SO far as that meth
cd could be applied to the electric wave.
and then having wrested from nature
one of her sublimest secrets, and one
OF which the effects of the revelation
upon civilization is inconceivable. Hertz
was called himself into the greater
mystery, and became an immortal.
The law which Hertz discovered and
so clearly elucidated made Roentgen.
Tesla and Marconi possible. He left
his discovery for other to apply com
mercially and to the benefit of mankind
just as Newton and Kepler and Cali
leo and Faraday have done.
1t was youngSter, only a little past
voting age, who, with the Hertzian
waves as his basis, perfected an appa-
ratus which, to the entire satisfaction
of Preece and other British Postoffice
authorities, transmitted those signals
from Penarth across the British Chan
mel to Weston-Super-M Mare. a distance
of ten miles, which We're sufficiently
pronounced to work an ordinary ink
writer.
The signals were produced by source
of electricity of only two or three am
peres and about twelve volts. In this
description is suggested the vast diff
1ernce and contrast between Marconi's
method of signaling without wires and
that which Mr.. Tesla is reported to
have adopted.
Marconis transmitter is really Pro-
fessor Rights form of Hertz radiator
and it consists of an ordinary induction
a
battery, interrupted by an ordinary
Morse key. In the secondary, there are
three or four solid spheres, so placed
that current in the primary causes
sparks TO pass in the air cap separating
them. These sparks-the secondary
circuit containing self-induction and ca
pacity-being oscillatory, cause Hertz
waves to be projected against a recefv-
ing instrument, which consists of two
wings or sheets of metal between which,
and connected with which, is placed the
coherer receiver (but using different
metals, and with the addition of a
vacuum of four millimeters) in circuit
with an auxiliary battery. This aux
Hilary battery works mechanical tap
per, which restores the coherer to it's
normal resistance and also the ink
writer receiver. When the Morse key
is pressed the current in the primary
causes sparks to pass between certain
points in the apparatus. The resulting
waves acting upon the coherer cause
the resistance of it to fall, and current
passes in the auxiliary circuit, thus
moving the mechanical Taper and the
ink writer. When the Morse key is
raised, the coherer is left in its original