davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30
AGRTCULTURE.

When stock IS kept In good. thrifty
condition there is much less liability Of
It's becoming infested with vermin.
FeedIng a mixed ration affords bet
ter opportunity of feeding complete
ratians than when only one or two ma
terials are fed.
Supplying plenty Of dry bedding
adds to the comfort of the stock, in
eresses the quantity Of the manure,
and lessons the labor Of keeping clean.
The sudden weather changes, she
cold rains, the mud, and the natural
sravIDg for grass, make early spring q
most trying time for stock and stock
men, requiring unusual vigilance and
care, c"upled with judicious feeding,
10 bring all through without loss.
The Michigan Station has succeeded
in fattening lambs probably without
clover hay. IG was found that any of
the following folders may be suhsti
tutei IN the place of clover hay. viz
Alfalfa, millet hay, oat straw, corn
stalks, bean straw. Bulletin 1S6 de-
Ecribes the test.
Horses are reported dying with a
Rew disease in some sections OF the
West. Veterinary surgeons seem to
think it a carebro spinal meningi is.
The animals are attacked suddenly, be-
come blind and usually die in q short
Rme. Tee best conditioned animals are
often the ones 10 succumb.
When closing up a gap in wire
tence through which horses or colts
nave bean accustomed to pass, use q
BOARD for top of fence, or hang it TO top
Wire ny means of staples If this ls
Regretted, the animals will probably
run laso the fence and you may pos
E0ly lose the best one as a result.
As the earliest crop to be used for
sohing trere is nothing better than
S@1S end peas mixed and s0wn at the
EAIe OF u to three bushels per acre
tney will not yield SO much weight af
'OuCer corn, but that cannot be grown
large enough to cut before we'll into
AAuspss AS for peas and oats, by that
~lle they wild have been entirely used
up. From the earliest cutting, about
'ue last of May, a second light croE
viii sprOut, which may be cut montE
later.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30
LOOKING AHEAD.

The farmer who is trying to make
the most of his farming must look TO
the future condition and fertility of his
farm as we'll as to the securing of i'm
mediate returns While studying to
make all that is possible out OF bis
present crops, he must at the same
time plan for the future, and so far as
is possible preserve the fertility. Un-
less good management Is given, con
tinuous cropping without making ade
quate returns will impoverish the soil,
and in a short time the yield of the
crop will begin to lessen. But with
proper care good crops may be grown
and yet the fertility be kept up, while
Ii is possible to so manage that the fer
tility can be gradually builE up. Il is
easier, however, TO maintain fertility
than TO build up. ard the farming
should be done with this idea IN view.
Farmers Voice.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30
HINTS FOR HORSE OWNERS AND
DRIVERS.


DR.. A. Fl. Baker, of the faculty Of
the Chicago Veterinary College strongly
emphasizes the Importance of warmth
and ventilation of barns. 'One of the
great sources Of injury" the doctor
said, sis in ventilatiDg barns by open
ing them at both ends in cold, bIustry
weather. The place becomes thorough.
ly chilled; horses are brought in warm
and tired it ia impossible for them to
keep the proper temperature, and they
are easy subjects for acute catarrh,
sore throat, peritonitis, pneumonia and
rheumatism. To open a barn from one
end for a short time during the day
would allow the air to change suffi-
GENTLY to avoid the dangers Of bad
ventilation.
''The matter of temperature in o
barn is not 80 serious where as many
as ten animals are stabbed together.
The heat radiatt d from the bodies Of
ten horses together amounts to consid-
erable. So much, in fact, that a few
cracks in barn, if so placed as to pre-
sent no danger of draughts on the
horses, are likely TO do no harm. In
the case of large number of animals
being qnartered together, few cracks
are really Of benefit When the horses
number less than ten or 30, however,
the barn should have artificial hest, If
possible.
THE Importance of keeping horse
rough shod cannot be overestimated,
nor the need of warming the bit. A
frosty bit frequently tears the mucous
covering completely off the lips wher-
ever it touches, and an ugly sore re-
suits.
Another point to observe is the
a specific figure should be asked for, /
should put it as high as 80 degrees, II
the water cannot b. warmed the horse
should be watered so often that he will
not care for more than half bucketful
for each drink. / have sen horses
drink fully two bucketfuls from troughs
where the ice had to be broken to let
them get to the water. The effect OF
that quantity of water at such a tenn
perature is easily imagined.
'Food, of course, should be increased.
An Increase of 20 per cent. over the
amount used during the summer will
just about compensate for the increased
waste of tissue taking place in cold
weather. The necessity of adding fat
tening substance to the muscle making
portion of the food is important. Fatty
material is necessary to produce
warmth. Corn is a good fat producer.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30

Muck, by which IN this country is
generally meant vegetable mould, is
too poor in fertility to warrant carry,
ing far or much handling, As for
mixing it with stable manures, we
would not advise Ruch a practice, as
the manure without the muck is none
too efficient. There one partial excep
tion to this rule When a heap
of manure is fermenting it saves
the waste of ammonia to throw over
the pile small quantity of vegetable
mould, and this when the heap is turned
must be mixed with the stable manure.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30
POULTRY YARD
AN ESSENTIAL TO SUCCESS FOR
EGGS.

Green bones are rich in nitrogen and
serve as food. When bone contains
large eharge of adhering meat it isRu
the more valuable Bones serve several
purposes when used for poultry. Be-
ing phosphate of lime, they are capable
of being digested, Which is not the case
with oyster shell and grit; and they
supply the birds with elements that
may be lacking IN the food They also
assist in grinding the food, taking the
place of grit, and are readily accepted
by all classes of poultry. In fact, it ia
safe to claim that there is nothing that
can be used as egg producing food
which serves the purpose 80 well as
green bone. it's com animation OF qualities,
nitrogen, lime for egg shells, cost and
adaptation to all fowls and all ages-
give it a place even higher than meat,
which contains nitrogen, but no lime
or other mineral matter. Therefore, in
preparing a diet for poultry, either
with a view to increasing the vIgor Or
the bird or developing lts egg producing
organs. such food should be selected 40
scleDce and chemistry have demon
etrated to be component parts OF the
structure to which they are eh0rded
"a nutrition and sustence. None pos
sess these qualifications to such Q
marked degree as does fresh green
bone, which is necessity for the high.
est success In poultry raising. Farm
and Home.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30
PERMANENT GRASS LANDS.

The value of permanent grass lands,
to the owner and to the country, is
more understood every year. We be
1ieve most farmers would find it profit
able to put down to grass, especially
for pasture. a large portion Of the
farm, and devote the remaining acres
to raising the grain, soiling crops, etc {,
necessary to feed the stock when pas
turing is impossible.
Prof. Bennett, of the Arkansas Sta
tion, says: In making a temporary
pasture for only one or two years, the
clovers should be used. It is not profit
able to sow grasses for pastures unless
the pasture is to remain for q greater
period than two years. The poorest
sea OF the farm, especially where land
is abundant, is no doubt the best to put
Ia pasture, but it must be remembered
that poor, barren soils will not make
good grass pastures, though pastures,
whether grass or clover, can be made
on poorer soils than meadows can. If
the soil be too poor to bring grasses for
permanent pasture it can be quickly
improved by sowing Japan clover and
grazing it for two or three years; then
plant and turn under a-crop of COW
peas and SOW the grasses and clovers
that ara to form the pasture mixture.
Japan clover need not precede the COW
peas if the soil is not very poor.
All permanent pastures should be
sown with mixed grasses for the reason
that mixed grasses ripen at different
seasons and grazing will be furnished
throughout the year. Hungarian Bronze
grass, tall meadow oat grass, tall fescue,
orchard grass, and red clover form a
goOC mixture that ripens at different
dates If the soil is not fertile, tall
tescue and red clover will not succeed
and should not be planted. Bermuda
grass is the best summer RraRs for this
soil, but there is no other plant that is
commonly Gown with it to furnish
grsEing in winter and early spring
But clover is said to do it successfully
Is can be sown every fall il no seed
n1stures, by first scarity ing the Ber
muda sod with good harrow. Scarf
tying should be done every fall to get
the clover seed in the ground
Crimson clover on fertile soil makes
good winter and spring graEng, Il
should be sown in August or early in
September il the season will permit.
Oae of the best plans for hay and
winter pasture on poor uplends is to
SOW fescue grass and cow peas. The
feacue will CINE up in the fall and
grow for grazing during winter and
reseed in early spring. Cow peas may
then be planted and they will come Cff
In time for the fescue to grow again
during the succeeding winter. This
process can be continued as long as de
sired. The pea roots fertillEe the fescue
This combination furnishes abundant
rich COW pea hay and 3ellent grazing
in the winter and spring. The only ob
jectiOn to this plan is that the fescue
may not, on accO Ut of soil or season,
begin much growth until late in winter
or early spring.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30
LIVE STOCK.
A VALUABLE sow.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
GROVE, N. Q.
/ will make a statement of what
have derived from one Poland China
SOW in three years. Including the
SOW, have killed q. 900 pounds of pork
and have sold $41 80 worth of pigs and
have $26 worth of pigs more to sell
from her. I killed the mother in Feb
ruary, 1892. She weighed 444 pounds.
l also killed one of her pigs in Febru-
ary, 1897, that weighed 486 pounds.
Any one wishing some of my stock,
can write me. I can supply a'few.
Yours truly,
Fl. r. RAGAN,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30

inches deep. No j inter was used, care
being taken to stand the burrows we'll
on edge with just enough boIdness in
the mold board to make the furrow in.
cline safely away from the open fur
row. seriously object to the turning
of the sod and manure into the bottom
of the furrow with iointer. desire
the harrow and cultivatOr to mix a
good portion of the manure applied
with the surface soil. The ground was
plowed April Goth and the plow was
followed as soon as dry enough with a
Superior land roller, which was fol-
lowed Immediately by peg-tooth
Scotch harrow. It was again rolled
and narrowed just before planting.
The seed that I used was originally
purchased of ]. 8. Leaning and it has
been grown on the farm for eleven
consecutive years. I believe have in.
creased its yielding capacity from 10
to 20 per cent. by selection. select
my seed corn as 1t is husked, putting it
in dry, well,ventilated place. After
it has partially dried re select it,
throwing out all ears not up to GER
tain standard. After this go through
the entire pile and select ears that are
as near the exact type Of my ideal OF a
perfect ear Of corn as it is possible to
get. This plant the next year on the
best site for corn and from this select
the most of the seed the following year.
The Leaning corn as received it was
a good length, not overly deep grained
corn. Ny experience has been that as
you widened the grain by selection it
inclined to shallowness of grain and
slenderness of ear, and at most could
only extend around the cob; hence I
have increased the circumference of
the ear without materially increasing
the size Of the cob by selecting mar
rover, deeper grain.
Iplanted the seed May 145b, check.
rowing three feet four inches each way,
aiming to drop four kernels in each
hill and covering about two inches
deep. I used a Barlow two horse
planter.
Two days after planting the land was
rolled and the roller was followed at
once with the Scotch harrow. The
corn was cultivated four times with a
two horse tongueIess cultivator begin
ming when about five inches high and
working it about once q week. Think
the preparation Of the soil before plant
ing and the cultivating of the ground
after planting and before the corn is
up is Of more Importance than after
cultivation, / want my ground fine
enough for good bed and firm enough
to carry an ordinary horse while pull
ing the planter, not letting him sink
deeper than half the depth of his boots.
Great care was taken to have the
ground well firmed and never to leave
a rolled surface exposed to sun or rain.
TIE ground was not handled except
when little on the dry order. This
corn was possibly a trif9 too thick for
a dry season, being four stalks in nearly
every hill, but as this was a very wet
season it matured large ears on almost
every stalk, noticeable feature of the
crop being practically no barren stalks.
The corn was cut by hand October
18Th, leaving stubs about ten inches
high. It was at once husked, weighed
and cribbed as required by the regula
tions.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30
THE PEANUT IS THE FRUIT.

The peanut is coming into greater
prominence every year, as factor in
the worlds supply of things needful
and there 10 hardly any limit to the
predictions Of the uses TO which it may
be put At the same time, the territory
in which it may be grown is rapidly
extending, and it is not too much to
hope that it soon may become a really
important crop in this country, Pea
nut oil 10 now highly valued in Europe,
and peanut -four, said TO be extremely
nutritious, is used extensively In
Europe, especially In hospitals. An
oil factory, with capacity sufficient
to use five tons of peanuta daily, has
been established at Norfolk, Va. In O
prospectus issued by the company, 1t 10
calculated that the receipts from Ave
tons OF peanuts will amount 20 235 gal
Ions of refined oil, at 81 per gallon; 175
gallons Of crude oil, at 30 cents; 8 $50
pounds of -four and meal at 2 cSnEs,
and $500 pounds of stock feed 90 90
cents per 100 pounds, making the total
groes receipts &415 80 per day, which,
it is estimated, would give q yearly
profit on a five-to factory of SIS, ,725
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30

Potash is the mineral that ia most
needed for the potato crop. But it ia
much better distributed as top dress
ing over the whole surface than applied
with the seed potatoes in the hill. The
potato roots very early in their growth
fill the soil between the rows When
mineral mauures are applied in the
hill, unless care ia taken to mix them
thoroughly with the soil, they may eat
into the cut seed, and effectually de
stroy the germ. When used broadcas
on the surface there is no danger of
this.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30

farmers who have seen them grow un'
derstand this fully. Then there are
the tame sorts that have been imported
from France, where they are largely
used as food and where they were
brought to their present state of per-
fection. These are called the Improved
Mammoth White French Artichoke.
The above is an extract from an essay
written by J. P. Tissering, Alton, Ill,
which gives the experience of practical
farmers in relation 20 this useful plant,
and further details as to yields and har
vestinR, value for fodder crop, as q
drought reeister, the manner of destroy
ing them, prices of seed, and last, but
not least, as prevention of hog cholera
He will send this paper free upon re-
quest. See his advertisement.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30
POTATOES FROM SPROUTS

The man who pays fancy price for
a special potato for seed is anxious to
make them go as far as possible. The
Wisconsin FIX pertinent Station recon-
mends the plan of utilizing all the
sprouts. Every fully developed potato
eye" is composed of one strong (ter
minaD bud surrounded by several
amaller (aUx'liary) buds When placed
under the p oper conditions Of heat
and moisture, the main bud pushes up
and forms the first shoot or stem Of the
''vlne;" at the same time roots are
formed at it's base II this shoot be re
moved, the strongest of the remaining
buds pushes up in like manner. This
will continue until all OF the buds have
started, or until all the food supply
contained in the tuber ig exhausted.
Place the tubers in q green house or
hotbed in light sand or very light
sandy gOil and cover lightly, barely
out OF sight. Give but little water,
only enough to keep the earth moist.
After the sprouts have appeared, give
all the light and air possible, for potato
plants show a decided tendency TO
spindle" when grown under glars
When the tirst sprouts have reached O.
height OF four or five inches they may
be removed by gently pushing the
fingers down closs to the tuber and
breaking them off. Usually perfect
mat of roots will be found developed
from the base of each stem. This is q
perfect plant with roots, stem and
leaves, and may be planted in the open
ground in the same way as a cabbage
or tomato plant, and with equal care
is just as certain TO mature a crop
Three or four crops Of sprouts may be
taken.
The number of plants may be further
increased by taking slips or cuttings
from the tips of the sprouts, which
may be rooted in a green house or
shaded hot bed in the same manner ae
other soft wood cuttings. To repeat,
plant in sand or sandy soil 80 that the
sprouts may be easily removed Give
but little water, to avoid danger of rot.
Unless extreme earllness be desired, it
| is not necessary to use q hot bed or
other artificial heat. A cold frame is
sufficient with a covering of hay or
leaves instead of glass, this to be re
moved as the sprouts appear.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30
JUDICIARY
gour,, CAROLINA FARMERS sTATH ALLI'
ANOE.

8NAROAAGA 4AFA03Eh0 S@O@S @@@@@@~
ANCE.
PRESIDENT DR. Cyrus Thompson,
Richlands, =.
Wee 9resident-Jno. Graham, Ridge
P.rrsJary- -Treasurer-W. 8. Barnes,
HiilsOoro. ". Q.
I,ecsurer-J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City,
steward-Dr. v. N. seaweIl, Villa
= Chaplaln-Rev. P. 81. Massey, Dur
ham. Y. Q.
Door xeeper-Geo. T. Lane, Greens
AsalqLans Door -keeper-Jas. K. Lyon,
Durham. N. Z.
Sergeant-a at -Arms-A- D. z. Wallace,
RutherfOr lEon, N. Z.
Szsea Business Agent-T- 1Vey, Hills
'TTT' TT',s,.,s - Business Agency Fund-W.
a. t4rahan. Machpelah, N. :.
Rxpcrr,vR OOMhTTTEE OF THE North
OAansfvA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE
A T Hleman. oncord, N. o; N.
O. English, Trinity, n. O.; james M.
HewOOrne Kins on, n. y.
STATS ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEES.
John Brady, Gatesville, N. c.; DR..
J.F. Harrell. Whitaville, N. O.; L. j.
Gambler. Acton. N. O.
geT,s carolina Reform Press Association.
Gnee-s-J L. Ramsey, PreStde'st !;
asgTfofs Butler, Vice President w. ..
EdFlaa lSeGrGGdFH,
PAPER6.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30
raa NATIoNAL FARMERS ALL
ANCR AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.

President-M Mann Page, Brandon,
Vice President-C. Vincent, Indian
APSsss Secretary Treasurer-W. P Bricker,
Cogan Station, Pa
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30
EXECUTIVE BOARD,

Mann Page. Brandon. Va r. A.
south qorrh, Denver. Col. John Bre
MIC, W Va ; a B. Welch, New York
J. W. Stokes, s Z.
JUDICIARY.
L a. 5Outhworth, Denver, Colo.
&, W. Beck, Alabama.
Nd. Oavie, Kentucky.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30

"The Progrea-
SiVe Farmer iSa
good paper--faR
above the aver
age land possibly
the best advertia-
ing medium in NJ.
c." Printers Ink.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30

The ProRTGS-
mve Farmer iB R
rood papGr---far
above the aver
nqe--and possibly
the best advertiB-
Ing medium i'm NJ.
C." PrinterS' Ink.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30

sEeyrs Carolina Reform Press Association.
E;gaee-s-J. L. RGnSeB, PTeSEde'at;
4GTion Butler, Vice President w. ..
Rdrnaa. lSeGrotdFH,
PAPER6.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-03-30

STATS ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
John Bcady, Gatesville, N. c.; DR..
IF. Harrell. Whiteville, N. O.; I. j.
Gambler. Acton. N. O.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1897-06-14
The National smngerrest.

The National Saengerfest or German Song
Festival, 10 be held in Philadelphia week OF
June 2lst to 28th, will undoubtedly be one OF
the greatest mugical festivals ever held in the
United States. Besides the prize contests by
singing societies from all parts Of the country,
there will be grand concerts by some Of the
greatest soloists now known, assisted by an
immense, well-trained chorus of 5000 voices
There will be parade Of the United Societies,
several picnics and open-air concerts. The
entire week will be given up to mirth, music
and song. The Philadelphia and Reading
Railway has placed on sale, at all its stations,
Special Excursion Tickets to Philadelphia,
good going June 18th to 23d and returning
until June goth inclusive, at the greatly re-
duced rate of single fare for round trip, no
ticket sold forless than 80 cents For rates,
time of trains, etc, consult Ticket Agents.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1897-06-14

ough's revenue from that source this
year in round numbers, amounted to
$1,000 Deduct that amount from
the boroughs resources, and it is not
difficult to see the additional hard
ships the Legislature win place upon
the taxpayers of this town by the pas
sage Of such law as contemplated.
1t is hardly likely that the law,
both as to reduction in the school
appropriation and the liquor license
money, viii be allowed to go through
without a vigorous kick from the
taxpayers of the cities and boroughs.
The position of the members of the
Legislature from this county on these
measures will be watched by their
constituents during the next week,
when it is expected the proposed
measures will be introduced
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1897-06-14
summer 1.neur.Ion Route nool..

On June ! the Passenger Department Of
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company issued
the 1897 edition of its summer excursion
route book This work is designed to pro
vide the public with short descriptive notes
of the principal summer resorts of Eastern
America, with the routes for reaching them
and the rates of fare. There are over four
hundred resorts in the book to which rates
are quoted and over fifteen hundred differ
ent routes or combinations of routes. 1t is
compiled with the utmost care, and alto
gether is the most complete and comprehen-
sive handbook of summer travel ever offered
to the public.
Its 2l9 pages are inclosed in handsome
and striking cover in cOlors Several maps,
presenting the exact routes over which
tickets are sold, are bound in the book It
is also profusely illustH ed with fine half
tone cuts Of scenery along the lines Of the
Pennsylvania railroad and elsewhere.
Any doubt as to where the summer should
be passed will be dispelled aftera careful eX-
animation of the contents of this publca-
tiou.
On and after June it may be procured at
any Pennsy ylyania Railroad ticket Office al
the nominal price of ten cents, or upon
application to the general office, Broad
Street Station, by mail for twenty cents