The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-05-28
written for the Citizen,

written for the CitIzen.)
3. The size of the drop, so much used
in measuring powerful drugs, can be
made to vary in a most alarming aud
little appreciated degree. DR.. George
F. Payne meations an instance in
which physician obtained 40 drops to
a fluid dram from a one-ounce glass
stoppered bottle, and on dropping the
substance-dlute hydrocyanic acid-a
most deadly plisou-back again from
a narrow-lpped graduate the number
was 100. The anticipated number was
60. Ia experiments with fluid dram
of water, Is drops were had from the
bottom of a teu-Ounce evaporatng
dish "A FROM "A thick, square-ended
twopint funnel, choked with a stop
per for dropping; 80 from glass stop
per inches in diameter: IS from
two-ounce Tipped graduate; 81 from
twO-ounce cork-choked funnel with
slauting end; 81 from Il 3l7-inch guild
ing rod taking supply from a one-gram
graduate; 100 from tve-ounee Tipped
beaker; 40 from a five.ounce Tipped
beaker with 3-l6-iach guiding rod; 100
from a l-24iuch guiding rod point
from two-ounce dropping funnel and
800 from l-40nch guiding rod point
from a twO-ouuee dropping funnel.
BY the methods usually employed, the
drops varied from 80 to 10 to the fluid
dram.
The location of the stations for the
proposed earthquake survey of the
world is now an important problem.
The use of existing astronomical OBJ
servatOries has advantages, but Prof
G. Grabiovltz points out that most of
the active volcanoes are situated near
three circles and suggests that the
earthquake stations should be estab-
lished uear the six points of intersec-
ton OF these circles aud at twelve
other points symmetrically placed on
the circle.
Acute rheumatism is regarded by Dr. /
Jaccound as of bacterial origin, aud he !
looks upon the case of a child born |
with rheumatism while its mother |
was suffering from a severe attack as
evidence OF the infectious character of |
at the disease.
kfnd FL -
h. The Whatever new sources of rubber |
\ringnay be discovered, according to Mr.. |
john X. Jackson of the Kew Museum |
1t is pretty certain that the plants |
Welding the elastic juices must belong I
to one of the tuIvu . naturai orders OF
Euphorbiaceae, Urtcaceae or ApoUy-
naceae. Hevea brasiiensis, the source
of Para rubber, is the best known of
the rubber producers, and is a tree
growiC TO height of 80 feet in the
forests of tropical America, especially
along the Amazon. This aud a Central
American rubber tree (Manihot Gla-
ziovi) both Of the same order, have
been very successfully introduced In
other countries, especially India and
West Africa. species of the Urtic-
oloGfiaal ftrn, cha |
the Guatemala, Mexico and West In
dies rubbers, another species (Ficus
elastiea the Assam rubber, and third
species lFicus VogeliI) a poor Lagos
- rubber. What is known African
rubber is furnished bY several shrubby
climbing species Landolphia owarien-
sis, L. florida and l.. Klrkii) of the
Apoeynaceae. The new source of La
gos rubber which mas suddenly devel-
oped Que of the most important indus
tries of Africa, is the Kicksia africana,
which is of the same order, but
Is tree so or go feet high with a trunk
II or IA inches in diameter. 1t is one
of the most beautiful trees of the forest,
with yield in good season of 10 to
10 pounds of excellent rubber per tree.
In January, 1895, the trade in the rub
her began with 2ll3l pounds of ex-
ports, but at the close OF December the
total had grown to 5,069,504 pounds for
the year. Several other eastern species |
of this order yield small quantities of
rubber. The efforts of Kew authorities |
to extend the growth of rubber plants |
in all faYorable climates have been so
successful that, with the additions to |
be expected from new sources, Mr. |
Jackson believes the supply may be |
kept up even to the demand so rapidly |
increasing through the growth of elec- |
trical, rubber-tyre aud other industries |
The onrious diseovarv hos hoen do |
by an English metallurgist that we'll |
polished plates OF aluminium adhere as |
IL soldered after being pressed closely |
together for eight hours at tempera- |
ture of 330' G. 1929 F. Platinum and |
other metals have similarly. To sue |
cessfully show the phenomenon, the |
cause of which does not seem to be |
clearly understood, the plates must be |
perfectly cleaned and contact must be |
complete at all points.
Plants, like animals, have a kind of
fever after being wounded In obser- |
vations made some time ago, Mr.. II. |
n. Richards proved that respiration is |
increased in the injured plants, aud
be now finds that there is also Az il {
crease OF heat. The disturbance of both |
respiration and temperature runs def !
mite cour,e, attaining a maximum |
some twenty-fOur hours after injury |
The increase of heat is, of course, less |
perceptiblein the plants, but compared |
with the ordinary temperature of
plants in relation to the surrounding I
medium, the rise after injury is as
great as in animals, if not greater. The |
maximum in all plants seemed to be
two or three times the ordinary excess
above The surrounding air.
A comparison of various pavements
has been made at Northampton,
England 10y local engineer The
materials being laid ON Portland ce-
ment concrete 6 inches thick, he finds