davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The advocate., 1897-10-27
About Western Kansas Schools,

Editor AdvOcate:-In the Advocate OF
October 13 Taxpayer" complains be-
cause a district which has but one fam
lily has school, It doesn't cost the non
resident taxpayer any more to keep up a
school for the benefit of one family than
if there are more. A family with one
child living in a district feels just as
anxious individually that their child shall
be educated as each of forty families
if there were that many.
Those of us who thought we could see
some good in this country and stayed
and planted trees and orchard and a
garden and pumped water and regulated
the storm water so as to benefit them,
hope the ones who have gone off and
left us isolated will not begrudge us
an education for our children or the ben
eflts of the postal service because it costs
more per capita than when the popula-
tiOn is more dense. G. STIMSON.
Kearney, Kas.
The advocate., 1897-10-27

their stead appear the names Of num-
Der Of gentlemen, most OF whom are un-
known even by name to the great mass
of voters. The members Of the Presi-
dents Cabinet are selected by himself
and are confirmed on his recommends
tion as his personal advisers. Supreme
Justices, Judges of the Circuit and Dis
trict courts, are named by the Presi-
dent who, with his Cabinet, nominates,
with few trivial exceptions all other
United States officials. Members Of the
United States Senate are elected by the
State Legislatures. Representatives are
voted for directly by the people, but
neither Senators nor Representatives
are properly officials of the United States
While the people of this country are the
ruling power, the exercise Of that power,
so far as the United States government
is concerned, is largely indirect. Globe
Democrat.
The advocate., 1897-10-27
How About AthertOn &?

1t is said that after Uncle Dave HeAe-
bower positively refused to take money
from one fund to cover up the Pop short
age in another that he did consent to
lend Leedy his vocabulary, and that the
Governor used it.--Kansas City Tribune
(Rep)
This sort of talk leads to the inference
that some other Treasurer at some other
time did consent to cover up deficiency
by drawing on another fund.
The advocate., 1897-10-27
Grain Dealers Want Honest Weights

The Kansas Grain Dealers Associa-
ton, which met in Topeka last week,
passed resolutions declaring boycott on
all Kansas City elevators, receivers of
grain or commission men who do not
furnish certificates of weights from Kan
sas or Missouri weighmasters. The res
olutions allege that unjust weights have
been given and that appeals to the
Board of Trade has brought no results.
The agreement to boycott is signed by
twenty-seven grain dealers, and all of the
other dealers Of the State will be asked
to sign.
The advocate., 1897-10-27

nor driven. He never licks the dust
nor is he subject of nor lackey to the
richest nor the most profusely titled man
on earth. He is peer, possessed OF
pluck and individuality, even If he does
wear slouCh hat, long whiskers, over
alls and jumper and rawhide boots on
sockless feet We confess we have a
liking for him. We sometimes think he
is the real patriot"
The advocate., 1897-10-27

The getting it down is bad enough,
with the ordinary pill. But the having
it down is worse. But, after all the dis
turbance, there's only a little temporary
good. From beginning to end, DR..
Pierce's Pleasant Pellets are better.
They're the smallest and easiest to take
tiny, sugar-coated granuGes that any
child is ready for Then they do their
work so easily and naturally that 1t lasts
They absolutely and permanently cure
constipation, Indigestion, bilious at
tacks, sick and bilious headaches, and all
arrangements of the liver, stomach and
bowels.
The advocate., 1897-10-27

Easy to take-Dr. Plerce's Pleasant
Pellets. Smallest, easiest, cheapest, best.
They're tiny, sugar-coated, anti-bilious
granules, compound of refined and
concentrated vegetable extracts. With
out disturbance or trouble, constipation,
indigestion, bilious attacks, sick and bill
ious headaches and all arrangements Of
the liver, stomach, and bowels are pre-
vented, relieved and cured. Permanently
cured, too. BY their mild and natural
action, these little Pellets lead the sys-
tenn into natural ways again. Their in
fiuence lasts
The advocate., 1897-10-27
ANY Person

Wishing to know the truth in regard
to their health should not fail to send
for valuable and new 64-page Booklet
which will be- sent FREE for a short
time to those who mention this paper.
This book is published by the celebrated
physicians and speciaIsts-Dr. Hatha-
way C Co., Of 70 Dearborn st., Chicago,
ILL.,, whom You should address. Write
to-day.
The advocate., 1897-10-27
Correspondence.

This page is reserved for use OF correspondents.
letters 20 receive attention, must be short written
plainly on one side of the paper only and relating 70
some matter Of present public interest Authors
should retain copies OF their manuscript as We Will
mot promise 10 return 1t, whether used OF not. The
Advocate assumes no responsibility for opinions eX-
pressed by any writer 10 its columns except those Of
the editor
The advocate., 1897-10-27
No United States Official Elected by Direct
Vote.

1t is a singular and not generally
known fact that no official of the United
States is elected by a direct vote Of
the people. The President and Vice
President are not named in the ballots
east at a Presidential election, but In
The advocate., 1897-10-27

The Advocate and B. o. Flowers new
magazine, New Time, for $3.50 per year.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29

Dental election and the merits Of the
incoming administration will stand
alone.
Immediately following the election
many leading Republicans throughout
the country urged upon National
Chairman Hanna and the members of
his committee the importance and alb
solute necessity for continuing the po-
litical agitation pursued during the
campaign just closed. At first the
members of the committee were
Fully in Accord with Idea,
but gradually and after mature de-
liberation the majority of the national
committee, including the chairman,
have experienced a change of heart.
Within the past two or three weeks
there have been many members of the
national committee here in conference
with Chairman Hanna, and it is known
that this question has been earnestly
discussed On such occasions. 1t is be-
lieSed that a potent factor entering the
final decision OF this question is the be-
lief which is apparently daily growing
on all sides that active political work
on such a scale as was mapped out by
the Republican leaders some time ago ii
now and would continue to be q
menace to the return of business pros
perity.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29
TOLD BY >ECKELS
The Comptroller of Currency
Diagnoses the Troubles Of
the Government
For the Benefit of the House
Banking and Currency
Committee.
Redemption of Demand ORliga-
tiOns the Chief Problem.
Other Ailments.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 29.-Comptroller
Eckels of the treasury department gave
his views upon the financial condition
ton of the country to the house com.
mittee on banking and currency. Sew
eral bills introduced by members of the
house had been referred to Mr.. Eckels
for his judgment, and he analysed
Shose, giving his views upon the money
question in general. While there was
no doubt Of the necessity for changes
in the governments financial system,
MIR. Eckels said, the public was dis
posed to attribute too much of the ex-
listing troubles to the lack Of monetary
legislation. Over-trade, over.produc-
ton and extravaganza in private and
public expenditures, partly induced by
speculation, was largely responsible for
the country's business difficulties. The
day had passed when the volume Of
money was its most important factor.
Improved facilities for transportation
and methods of exchange had lessened
the Importance Of a large volume. I'm.
proved credit was more important. The
first essential in this country was the
stability of public credit. The apparent
reluctance of the people Of the United
States to redeem their public obliga-
| tionsw was the chief cause of distrust.
The Chief. Problem.
The current redemption Of the de-.
mand obligations of the government
| was the chief problem of the treasury.
I The funding and cancellation of these
| obligations, so that maintenance of q
gold reserve would be no longer neces.
sary, was the most desirable policy
whether it was the most practical one
was a question.
So far as the contraction Of the cur.
rency was concerned, Mr.. Eckels did
not think it would follow gradual re.
tirement Of the greenbacks, provided
confidence were reasonably stable,
Banks would supply the needed cur
rency or gold would come from abroad
The pursuance Of Secretary McCul'
loch's policy would have disposed OF
. the question. Mr.. Eckels added:
"a business man who constantly re.
deems his notes without retiring them,
and keeps them out constantly will
come to . settling day that will breai
him. The chief feature Of o banking
bill would be to take from the govern.
ment the issue Of credit notes. The
banks can do this"
Banks conducted N practical bank.
ing principles instead Of as speculative
enterprises, Mr.. Eckels said, could sat.
isfy the currency needs of business
Before the war, the banks had Away,
furnished sufficient gold for business
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29
THREE SPECIAL TRAINS.

Arrangements For the Pennsylvania Dele
cation to the Frisco c. r.. Convention.
SAN Francisco, Jan. CIV. A. Gil
lespie is here to secure hotel accomoda-
tions for the Pennsylvania delegates to
the Christian Endeavor convention
which meets here in July, and to ar
range all the details of the itinerary OF
his party. He has travelled from Phila-
delphia west over the route to be
travelled by the Pennsylvania delega-
ton and made arrangements for their
accommodations at places where short
stops are to be made. The delegation
will number not less than $50 people,
exclusive of the many friends Of the
delegates and others, who will take ad.
vantage Of the occasion to make q TRIP
to California. They will travel by
three special trains. Returning East
they will come by way Of Yellowstone
National park, Minneapolis and st.
Paul. The trip will occupy about -four
weeks.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29
COUNTRY TO HAVE REST.

Republicans Eeoide to Drop Asitation for
Four Years.
CLEVELAND, Jan 29.-It can be
stated on an authority which cannot
be doubted that the Republican leaders
have decided upon q radical change Of
policy in connection with the proposed
continuation Of political agitation
throughout the coming four years and
that in it, stead the verdict. Of the
American people in the recent prssi-
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29
SENATORIAL CONTEST.

Special dispatch to The Daily Leader.
PIERRE, Jan. 28.-On joint ballot in
the legislature to-day the vote on United
States senator resulted as follows:
Picker "a, Kyle 80, Loucks g. Plow.
man II, Goodykoontz 10. HART.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29

For Ocean steamship Tickets
Via any steamship line crossing the
Atlantic, at lowest rates for first cabin
second cabin and steerage, both outward
and prepaid, apply to H. r. Wood, agent
Of Chicago, Milwaukee & st. Paul Rail,
way, at Madison, S. d.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29

YANKToN, S. D., Jan. 29.-John
Winter, a farmer, living l6 miles north
east of Yankton, was frozen to death
while IN his way home from this city,
being under the influence of liquor.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29
No Trains for Three Days.

TACOMA, Wash, Jan. 20 The storm
has SO delayed traffic that no Northern
Pacific passenger trains have arrived
from the east for three days. Y
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29

All the different forms OF skin troubles
from chapped hands to eczema and in
dolent ulcers can be readily cured by
DcWitt's Witch Hazel Salve, the great
pile cure.
FRANK SMITH.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29

John Chestnut has been repainting
and papering the interior of his restaur-
ant and covering anew his billiard
tables. making a very inviting and COM
Portable place for bis patrons, whom he
will continue to serve with old time
promptness and satisfaction. Give him
n call.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29
ALL IN ONE WELL.


Gold, silver and Other Things Brought
Up by . Dakota Drill.
-NERMILLIoN, 8. D., Jan. 20 Con.
siderable interest 10 being shown yer
an artesian we'll that is being drilled on
q farm near Big Stone lake. The well
Is at present down to a depth of $50
feet. While passing that distance the
drill has encountered q dozen different
kinds Of strata Of earth, two precious
metals and two kinds of mineral water.
When q depth Of 200 feet was reached
. bed Of blue gravel was encountered
with indications Of gold. A watch was
kept Of the stuff washed up and it was
not long before Q small nugget Of the
yellow metal was brought up. The
strata in which the gold was found was
about four feet thick. At q depth Of
400 feet q quartz formation was struck
bearing silver in small quantities.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29
FREE.

Deputy Marshals Withdrawn From the
Dauntless and Three Friends.
JACKSONVILLE, Fla, Jan. 70. The
steamers Three Friends and Dauntless
are again free, the deputy marshal on
board each having been withdrawn.
The owners of the Three Friends gave
bond in the sun Of IS, 900, making $22,-
600 in bonds that the boat is now un-
der in the three prosecutions for for
fixture that have been instituted by
the government. The bond for the re.
lease of the Dauntless amounted to
49, 900.
The boats will still be under sur.
veillance and they will have to run the
gauntlet Of the revenue cutters Bout
we'll and Colfax, the dispatch boat
Dolphin and the cruiser Newark before
they can leave port.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29
Mrs. Flood Dead.

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 29.-Mrs. J. L.
Flood, wife of the well known million.
aire, died last night of pneumonia.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29

MINNEAPOLIS, IAN. ". -According to
The Northwestern Miller the -four out
put here last week was 214,4 400 barrels,
against 1856, $50 barrels the week before,
and 2l2, $50 in 1895. At Superior and
Duluth the output was 1000 barrels
last week, ~. 100 the week before, and
1880 in 1895. Trade was very quiet.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29

When bilious or costive eat a Cascaret
candy cathartic, cure guaranteed, 10c. 25c
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29

Soothing for burns, scalds. chapped
hands and lips. Healing for cuts and
sores. Instant relief for piles, stops pain
at once. These are the virtues OF De
Wits Witch Hazel Salve,
FRANK SMITH
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29

A. torpid liver mean a bad complexion,
bad breath, indigestion and frequent
headaches. To avoid such companions
take DeWitt's Little Early R'sers, the
famous little pills.
FRANK SMITH
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29
FRIDAY, JAN. %. 1897.

local Ttme a6le.
Chicago, Milwaukee d 81. Paul Railway. which
COX effect, sunday. Septs, 1886:
TRAINS CONE EAST.
Passenger, No. 4, departs H. .. m.
Freight, No. %, departs 6:k5 o. m.
Freight, No. -, departs 1:3o p. m.
TRAINS aoIxa WEST.
Way freight, No. 81, departs 4:ls .. n.
TRAINS vnom TEE East.
Passenger, No. 1, arrives 400 p. m,
Freight. No. %, arrives 200 p. n.
Freight No. IS, arrives AIS q. m.
TRAINS PROM TEE wEsf.
Freight, Ne. %, arrives l0:4O .. IN.
All the above trainA carry passengers; ent
Seigats oAly when passeegers are provided with
tickets.
Passenger tYaiAs going east make souneeten
1t n gan for all points south.
HADrsoH q BRfsroL LINE.
Passenger goins north, departs 1850 q. m.
Passenger from north arrives, 2:45 p: m.
q. X, WOOD. Local Agent.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-01-29
Old People

Old people who require medicine to
regulate the bowels and kidneys will
find the true remedy iu Electric Bitters.
This medicine does not stimulate and
contains no whisky nor other intoxi-
cant, but acts as a tonic and Alternative.
1t acts mildly on the stomach and bow
els, adding strength and giving tone to
the organs, thereby aiding Nature in the
performance Of the functions. Electric
Bitters is Al excellent appetizer and aids
digestion. Old people will find it just ex-
actly what they need. Price fifty GENTS
and $l.OO per bottle at g. H. Woods
drug store. NJ,
A weed in the garden can be easily de.
stroyed when it first starts. Consump.
ton . be pipped in the bud by One
Minute Cough Cure.
FRANK HhTTH.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1897-10-13
Die Ro99enernte.

Nnitatt % Miqionen 8uf6el ober me6r,
tpie Der Stanb Der Saaten friiber i'm Somz
mer erparten lieB, tptro Der Gelammtertrae
an 8oggen 25 Nsiqionen 8uibsl pobl taum
i6eriteigen, mas 5fpar l MiGion me6r Iein
tpiirbe, pie Die @rnte i'm oorigen So6r, a6er
6inter Den grnten bon 1895 unb 1894 I'm 2
Miaionen 8u16el ouriiditeben pirb. Neue1te
europdifde Na9ri6ten beitdtigen bic i9on
friiber 9emelOetsn t6eilpeilen Se6li9ldge Der
R%oggenernte, bauptid91ih in RuBlanb.. Sn
Deuti6lanb f4eint oas @rnteerge6niB etpas
giinftiger ausgefalen gu iein, uls fribere
8eri9te 9lduben lisBen, bo9 bic berringer<
ten S9dbungen Der Roggenernten in 5rantz
reid unb anOeren 2dnbern iteQen bas Sc
fammtreiultat benno9 als Elm u~nginitiges
bin.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1897-10-13
Dolly ooer Stedpalme.

Die bernebrte Ra9frage na4 unferem
v6oqp", audi Ste9et4e, Ste6palme ooer
@briitborn genannt, CUR 3eit, ipenn bic
W~eibna9ts5eit beranriidt unb Die 4eite uno
3peiee nit rotbsn 8eersn gei9miidt iino,
tbut 1ebr bemertbare Gingriffe in bic 8orz
rdthe, nel9e in ben mittleren atldntif9en
@taaten nub ipetter liioltb bor6unOen itno,
unb es lit iebr pabri9einli9, baB in naber
s3utunft fi4 Elm grpBer Mangel an Soap gu
53peden Der Meibna9ts@0 etorationen fiblz
bar MAIDEN pirb. 8e6dlt man bie1en 3ett>
punt i'm Nuge, 10 f4eint Die 5rage bere6z
tigt gu ietn, ob es fir uniere 5armer, Die et=
mas 2anb bierfiir iibrtg buben, ni9t Elm
profitubfes l1nternebmen tpdre, cine Nn5abl
Mcres NIT btsfer f40nen, ~immergriinen
gflan3e anaubauen, I'm ipdter i'm @tdnbe
gu fern, ben Marft in ben 8eiDnuhten Dorz
o~l1s9e6anben 8oden bamit gu Derlprgen?
Inter ben Mmerifanern berri9t cine pa6r~
f9einlt9 bon gnglanb bier6er Derpflan5te
groBe Gorliebe fir iol@e @briitoorn5tpeige,
ullb biele finben IN ben 9anolern in groBen
@tdbten itets pilige @bne6mer.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1897-10-13
JnhaItsperseidni6.

l. Sette: Nett3en - 8untes N0erlet - Die
&og9enernte - Die Matsernte - Ser @et5en rno
bic 8eltbep0lferuns - Solp ober Ste6palme -
8rteftaiten: 8etebelun9 elmer Militdrreier1
satiOn - 6reu5ldbme BET S9weinen - @eibli9e
GbineIen lit gtmertfa - 9ebenS6ouer Ser Snieften-
&uSpuben uou 8dunen 3wiebeln 9egen Grfdl>
tun9en - &otbe Spinner auf Mprtben 8eSept
fir 9oIsbetSe- 3meifelbafte Srantbeit zines Pferz
bes MettteI gege1 Soblroupcit.
O.. Seite: aus Sii6>9afota - Gann man
bur9 Die Siibnersu9t bas 2eben %frtiten2 - gus
Mtnneiota - Anbauuer Jude nit 53uGerriiben -
BUR S61peine6Olera - Bulletin fir 8ienenSu9ter
Nus Nrtanias - 8ienen5u6t III @bica9o -
Nus Soma - rlniere biesidbri9e @eiSenerrte -
&iinitIt9e 8e1paierln9 Grdnfen Der Gferbe Dor
benz 6reiien - Die &artoffeIernte in 9euti9larb-
9te SpreteIS'ide 3uderriibenfabrit in Salinas -
&om GinpDfeln bes S6weinefeii9es Gtebersans
bes Sat &abbit - 8Gdtter unb 8lItben.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1897-10-13
Die Matsernte.

Inter ben our 3eit obmaltenben Wittez
rungsDerbdltnifen lit nit @i9er6eit an3uz
nebmen, baB Die beurigs Maisernte 1885,
100000 8uibeI ni9t iiber1teigen pirb. 9teIe
Wenge entipri9t 10 3iemli9 benz ein6eimi=
i9en 8eoarf (unter g~etpD6nliden 8er6dlt=
niffen), unb bic in iingiter 3eit ausgefi6rz
ten groBen Maismengen miifIen baber als
3befle Der nod bon ben lebtDerf1oHenen Sab
rem 6erftammenben 8orrGt6e angefe6en per=
ben. Sn biefer 8erbinbung mug auf einen
llmitanb BON pefentli9er 8ebeutung btngez
tpteien tperben. Sett na6e3u atpei Monaten
BADEN bic W}aisgegenben bon elmer berberbz
lt9en 0urre gu leiOen ge6abt unb felt $50
9en fino baour9 bic 8tebneiben fat ii6eraQ
i'm mtttleren @eiten tpert6los 9ema9t nor
ben, lobaB bereits Sauienbe BON Ncres qriiz
men ODER tbeilpeiie reifen Gorns ge19nitten
uno an bas Sarmbte6 bat berfiittert perben
mlifen. 0as meint ni9ts me6r unb ni6ts
%tpeniger, als baB bic @ntnabme bon Maisz
futter BON Der Grnte fir bas @ie6 um apei
Wfonate frii6er begonnen bat, aGs 9epD6nlt6
uno bic porgeridte Sabres5eit btetet penig
4usft3t, buB iebt mod ii6 einitelenber &ee
gen ben 9erbftpeiben bie1 NuBen bringen
tpir0. aus S6igem lit gu erfeben, bub an
Die beurtge, febr mdBige urb babel nod manz
9elbafte Maisernte aubergepDbnli9 groBe
Nnforoerungen gu 5iitterungs3peden gs1teGt
iperosn, Elm umitano, Der ben 9elammtporz
rath mod tpeiter i9mdlert.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1897-10-13

f3er Nbfunft lit unb bas oiiatii9e RuBlanb,
Die Gereinigten Staaten, Canada, Nultraz
lien, Nrgentinien, 8raiilien, Uruguay, G6ili,
Subafrita unb europa bepo6nt. SIN Sabre
1871 be5ifferte fi6 bieie 8eo0lterung auf
100000 SeeIem iebt oGblt lie 510,=
100000, mas elmer 3unabme bon 37.5 proz
5ent in &c Sabren glsiAtommt.
Sn Dem mmli9en 3eitraume b~erer0Berte
it4 bas @etreibeanbau=Nre nur bon 258.=
100000 ouf 278,40O,0O0 Ncrss, pber Tim rs
pro3ent; W3ais ut bierbon ausgeI9lofea,
pelGer duBerbal6 Der Ser. Staaten as
meni 4li4es N~a6rungamtttel II iebr pen'g
in @e6rau6 gerommen nirb. 9as tpiirDs
1t6 a6er gan5 beoeuten6 dnbern, penn cine
a19emeine Sbeuerung Der iibrigen @etreiDss
lorten e~intreten tpiiroe, bo9 bat 9err DoDis
oieien punft ni9t in grpdgung ge3ogen.
Sn 8e3ug ouf bic Disqualification Der
Welt 1T Serr Oobis Der Nnii9t, baB nit
einem bur9f9nittli9en Mei3enertrag Der lebz
ten 26 @rnten Der trtbutpfli9tigen 5ldben
bon 1877 8uibel per Ncre bas S0rberquanz
tum ii9 auf 275,00O,0O0 8uibel, bas Nettoz
probutt bon 100000 Ncres, iteGen piirbe,
auf peniger alfo, als Der g~egenpdrtige Sez
barf betrage.
0iele Nusfibruneen bes 9errn DaDts :n0z
gen iebt, tpo mir ni9t am 8orabenb rei9er
Grnteiabre iteben, ionbern ii9 cine beoeutenbe
&nappeit Der Wei3enporrdtbe bemerthar
ma9t, nit anberen 9efiblen aufgenOmmen
perben, als por feds Sabren Der SAL mar.