The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1897-03-27

reciprocity.
THE old idea that trade means that one
party shall gain az the expense OF the other
has long since been exploded. The enight-
ened sentiment OF this century has taught
commercial people, as well as all other
classes. that commercial transactions can
be bad that will be mutually beneficial TO
those concerned I'm the same. know that
originally. IN some quarters. prejudice
existed against this kind OF legislation. but
/ believe that the principle OF reciprocity
IN In perfect harmony with the doctrine OF
protection.
Those who entertain the views l have
mentioned. In my Judgment, are In error.
Reciprocity is scientific protection, and ~
adapted 10 our improved commercial con-
ditlons and civilization. IL is principle
that to-day Is recognized In the laws OF
France. Germany. Russia and other Eu-
ropean countries There Is a differential
OF 25 per cent. between the revenue laws IN
France generally, and those which apply
20 countries entering into reciprocal agree
ments. and there is a differential allowed
by Germany and Russia, fully as large
IL has been found 10 work admirably In
those countries. IL has given them the con-
troll OF the markets OF the world on many OF
the articles specified In these commercial
or reciprocal agreements.
Eject of Previous Policy.
''The United States. up 10 1890. pursued
different policy, Whatever we could
not successfully produce In this country.
from climatic or other conditions, were
placed upon the free list. and no conces-
sions were asked on the importation In our
markets on any OF such products This idea
has cost the people OF this country millions
OF dollars-not only millions OF dollars on
imported products. but II has curtailed our
foreign market until to-day we find coun-
tries that, from geographical situation
ought 10 be our political and Industrial
1.gV lfIf
in distant countries in Europe and In the
Orient
Let me give you one illustration 70 show
the folly OF the policy that has prevailed IN
this country In the past. on the part or
both advocates OF protection and free
trade. There lies TO the south OF us the
republic OF Brazil. country second only
10 the United States in area and population
In the western hemisphere. a country that
Is destined 10 rank In the future with the
great commercial nations OF the world
The chief expectations from Brazil are
coffee, sugar, hides, india rubber gutta
percha and like articles.
AT the close OF the war we had a duty
OF three cents per pound on coffee, duty
on hides. india rubber and all these arti-
cles. Brazil was seeking 10 obtain more
favorable conditions IN our markets. In
stead OF applying tho principle OF reel
proclty that Is embodied IN this bill and
compelling that country 20 permit the
produce OF our farms and factories TO enter
her markets under more favorable condi-
lions than they were received before lower
ing or taking or any OF these duties our
market by placing all these Brazilian prod
ucts upon the free list and allowing them
10 come here without paying any duty
whatever.
Brazil Has an Advantage.
I'm the last 80 years OF trade between
U - HIa
100000 worth Of products OF that country
have been sold in the markets OF the
United States, and during the same period
her people have taken from the people OF
the United States only about $250,OOOOOO
worth OF products, including merchandise
of all kinds, thus leaving 1880. 0.Oo9 which
has been paid In gold or its equivalent 70
settle this balance of trade.
Under existing laws oil the products
/ 81 our farms and factories ana merchah-
disc OF all kinds that are shipped 10 Brazli
pay a heavy duty before they are admit
ted to her ports, while more than " per
! cent OF the products OF Brazil exported
10 this country come In free OF duty Why
I should not Brazil come 70 the United states
\ for the flour and wheat and other products
/ consumed by her people, instead OF going
\ 10 Europe or the Argentine RepnblcE ~
\ coffee, hides. india rubber etc, exported
\ by her lind a better market here than IN
/ Europe or any OF the South American re-
/ publics why should not trade relations
/ be esta biished between the two countries
/ whereby concessions will be granted 10
/ farmers and producers OF this country 80
/ as TO give them better market there for
h their surplus produce than Is now ac-
i corded them under existing lawsl
"As long as the government Of the United
States throws open the markets OF this
country 10 Brazil and submits 10 the I'M
position Of the high rates OF customs duties
"a from
country shipped there and then consents "a
her people going 10 Europe 10 buy most OF
the products they need, we will find the
/ people OF Brazil Will consult their OWL
convenience and profit.
WouId Quickly Come Co Terms
but II II is once established that trade
must be reciprocal. and that coffee, hides
etc. will not be permitted 10 enter the
markets OF this country free unless con
] cesions are extended 20 farm and Other
products OF this country that are shipped
to Brazil, a reciprocal agreement VIII b'
readily entered into between the two coun
/ tries which will be mutually beneficial
''rhe beneficial result OF reciprocity upor
our commerce is no longer In doubt While
| the law OF 1890 was limited In its scope, the
beneficial results received under the com
| merclal agreements negotiated under u
fully justified the faith OF IT'S authors
and In my Judgment has made reciprocity
permanent feature OF our tariff leglsla
ton. No political party hereafter In thu
revision OF the tariff Will ever Ignore thil
principle or repeal It's provisions. IL will b.
extended from time 10 time until II vii
comprehend the whole subject OF our tariff
laws
I'm the hearings had before our commit
toe on ways and means relative 70 thu
subject vast amount OF testimony wa
taken from all classes OF American citi
zens and those engaged In all kinds o
trades and business. and the almost uni
versal Judgment was that Il should be re
enacted In the present revision OF the tariff
laws and its principles be extended SO a.
TO sim further enlarge the foreign mar
kets for the surplus products OF our farm
and manufactures.
II have not tho time 10 quote from all o
them In eXtenso. but desire TO call atten
ton 10 the deep interest that has beef
taken by the American Millers associa
ton. which represents IN fact all OF tn
Touring mills In the United States. Thi
interest. as the members OF the house ar
well aware, ~ tho largest manufacturer
interest In tho United States.
Importance Of Flour Industry.
I'm 1880 the mills OF the United States pal