The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-11-28

the earth AMI throw . nreorand among the peo-
pie he could do no moro to promote mlschlef'f'
17eS, was q day Of mourning in Dublin: bis car,
s a%fs , SsS %rs AND s IL aae G Wsss m 'S sh .sS Ss sSss
particularly bitter to swallow was the reflection
Almost snns % , sne P mIIiioS G poS SOaS'lSSs Sd So measures sure
away by the Irish Parliament for the national
defence against the French republic. For let it
majority NJ Of irish ProtsstaunStss GSriPs tine the , .HST.
else Of Iustiee and equity in tho treatment. of
the prospects OF reform with as much entbuSSii.
ham rs tho latter. In both houpes Of the
Protestant Parliament u%nanimous votes
Iord.LientSnant had by his conduct sIpec bIss
first arrival In this kingdom. merited the thanks
A member OF the lower house, n political on
ponent. Of Fitzwilliam, shortly aftorward re-
momentl !. A state OF. unoxamplod prosperity.
The landlord gets his rent 10 the hour, tho
tenant fnds money for the purchase of his land
the moment no brings IL into market. and tho
manufacturer llnds employment and payment
to his satisfaction"
horizon, prssaging, the coming storm. 1t soon
became clear to the Irish people that the one
object of the British Ministry IN recalling Fitz-
supported by a CLIQUE OF such functionaries as
the Lord Chancellor Fitzgibbon. J. c. Boresford,
and Mr.. Foster, was to undo tho conciliatory
work OF Fttz william, to stimulate socLarianism
between Catholics and Protestants, d%isorRaniao
Parliament and tho country in general and pave
the way for the schoine of union which would
reduce the sister ISLE TO the lovcl OF n dependency
and secure forever the ascendancy of Protcs.
tantism or more particularly of tho Established
Church. The official correspondence bet ween
Portland and the Secretary for ireland. Pelham.
disslosos tho true nature Of this msehiayelliSn
British Ministry in dealing with the question OF
Catholic Emancipation. Its ~tactics. in working
succcssfui, and on May 4 Grattan's Catholic
bill, which a month earlier would have passed
both houses without dissent, was beaten by n
yote 0f Inn tO I'd. This was the haVinnfnr of
tho end of Ireland's peace and happiness.
1t is q sad and awful picture that presents
nades OF Louis XIv.'s time were, mildnoss Itself
compared to the brutal raids OF the Commander
peasant population. The procednsre was simpiS
enough. Agents prorocdteurs, were first. sent
into the districts TO stir up local sectarian feuds,
lament, had long since subsidized, and at tho
E9Ty t,r, ,.d sign Of sr 9ii xSS SC s.,S or dis disorder G.ahd the
Peasant from his farm and 70 drive
him Ito hell or to ConnNught," as the
saying was I. The C county Of Armagh.
tbetR Meen the Inc P ffeas 1i %fSs ofsdSsoSnCsss
and the Catholic "defenders,' was selected as a
the end Of a few months the majority of tho
poorer Catholics wcrc wandering about tho
eE%m { hG on fSe n %asshe and H faPS1ed to a iss i q;
priyation and exposure. hundreds who had
sought refuge IL Connaut.t were taken in
on board the English sh,ps.of.war, tied down
! carts, in tho bitterest aRonies. crying out
t Observation-Disclosures loF asi @ri Sst f TEis pa in Eain,r , ssyf a
of brutality came near ACCOMPLISHING the per-
dition of the kingdom not long after, as was
OF the More, among tho most aggressive Of whom
were many OF these very exiles.
To add to the general misery a new clement OF
discord, OF sectsrian rancor and intolerance
eprang up at this period in tho formation OF the
first Orange lodge on Sep. II, 1875. ostensibly
known as the Battle OF tho Diamond between
some so-called "Loyslist " and a party of DE
aGnussSi by the so sesrat srsp, St Of the lns Cow oH'i rnmenf'
This Orange organization soon grew to be a pow
erful instrument OF oppression in the hands Of
upon the fears of tho Protestant gentry and
holding up the DOGGY Of q possible st. B1rtholo-
people in its ranks and accomplished to some ex-
tent the Governments purpose OF counieracting
the efforts Of tho United 1rishmen. 10 combine
the two religious clements in a defence of Ire
lands rights against the cncrOachmcnts of the
hereditary enemy, England. The situation was
ssSRsi passing ,uF' the IL infamous eSs'i Indemnity pisS nj I iii 7 to .
cut OF the people robbed Of their property and
their homes from all redress, and the Insurrcc-
various seditious practices. giving right Of
search for arms without previous warrant. and
the arrest OF vagrants-which term applied TO
any Catholic, whose house had been burned down
a! the time referred 70 the Society OF United
Irishmen had been in existence for several years.
but in consequence Of the rigors and cruelties of
the Government aud its paid agents. it had evo-
luted from a peaceable organization, seeking re.
dress for existing evils by lawful agitation. into
s sIeU Gn Eog"rI body; preparing for armed r s 8
Madden. the ~bIogrepher and historian OF this
formidable association. the credit of originating
and he credito OF organiZingi 1t to Theobald Wolfe
Tone, the great hero Of the rebellion. The first
s second Ga one 'si IN basiin ' tho f%o hSSsi n N as1,Sas; a
The test or society oath OF itself demonstrated
the pacific character Of the socicty's pur.
to uoi swcs sTV that he as Would p @se ali iYY his %ab afrits
and influence in an attainment of an impartial
and adequate representation of the Irish nation
ing this end endeavor Ito forward a brother.
hood of affection. an identity of interests, a
communion or rights, a union of power, among
lrishmen OF all religious persuasions." Not
word Of n possible appeal to a. ms. not n sugges
stituted authorities
In pursuance of their programme the United
Were almost IS e%ciusiv ahg GSrctesIUns OF t wnHa
all their efforts Mt the start to the task o.
reconciling the antaRonistic clements among
that what with the defenders and the Peep
of-day boys" in the north. tho Ribbon men
and the landlord element In the south. and tn
Catholic association and Wing aristocracy al
over the country they soon had enough work oil
their hands. As a means Of propagating, tn
now gospel O newspaper entitled the NOrtherI
Star was founded in Dublin. and the societ.
thenceforth made steady headway an;
Niuou iaiBoly w " u0ihuoTbnip. OnHC
ticed at first by the authorities. tn
United 1rishmen were bound In The long run t
awaken alarm and invite persecution. In 40.
two members of tho Dublin Club. Simon Butte
and Oliver Bond, were fined heavily for attend
ing one OF the society's meetings.. and two year
later another member, Archibald Haunilto
Rowan, WAS sentenced to q prolonged term O
Imprisonment Tor calling upon Protcstants an
Catholics to make common cause with on
another, and to take up the arms they had lai
aside after the volunteer movement Of 1878.
The continued activity Of the society and tn
suspected change in Its policy and aims inall
decided the Government to adopt radical mca
ures for it's suppression. Two laws were passoC
the Gunpowder and the Convention acts, tn
frat prohibiting the importation OF munitions {
war or their custody without a license. tho SCI
ond forbi .ding the gathering or organization c
unlawful conventions or assemblages. Unde
the. latter enactment the Dublin Club wa
raided on May 4. 1894. it's papers seized m
It's members. prominent among whom wrr
Wolfe Tone, Napier Tandy, Oliver Bond. Simo
Butler, and many other Important men. di
persed. The consequences Of this arbitrary az
we're not long In making themselves felt. A
already stated. the propaganda. openly carrie
on at nrst with the acknowledged aim OF socu'
Ing parliamentary reform, assumed by degrct
an entirely different complexion; the Unite
lrishmon from constitutional agitators dcye
oped into u body OF revolutionists or the mos
pronounced y pc, having passwords, secret NEE
ings. and a thorough military organization.
Thomas Darcy McGce, to whom the lime
workings OF the society were nm open book. d.