davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
EVOLUTION OF MONEY.

Unwarranted Government Interference
Prevents Easy Transition From One SUBJ
stance to Another.
Money is simply q commodity that is
generally recognized as universal
equivalent, and its degree of goodness
or efficiency consists in the unanimity Of
the recognition of the fitness of the COM
modify used as money to perform the
essential functions Of money. Many
commodities have been used as money,
and they have remained in use as long
as they met the essential requirements
Of money among the people where used,
or until some other commodity appear
ed the fitness of which commended it
self to the intelligence as being superior
to the commodity then being used.
As people have advanced in discrim-
mating intelligence they have discard
ed inferior commodities and adopted in
place thereof something that was supe-
rior. These changes kept taking place
until finally gold and silver became the
commodities that were recognized by
the people of most countries as being
the best for use as money. Sociological
transition is constant. Change is the
natural order of things, and changes
come about naturally and are therefore
effected easily, if the natural process is
allowed to go on undisturbed. Trou-
blous friction ensues only when there is
obstructive governmental interference
to delay or defeat the natural order Of
things.
In our own day the stagecoach has
been supplanted by the steam railroad,
and stagecoaches have practically be-
come thing of the past. The tallow
dip was succeeded by lamps filed with
burning fluid or oil, and lamps by illu-
minating gas, and gas by electricity.
These and many other changes were ao-
complished with no serious disturbance
whatever, and so it would bewith COM
modities used as money in the absence
of governmental obstruction. There
would be no threatening money ques-
tion in this country today, endangering
the continuity and perpetuity Of all
business activity, If the United States
was not engaged in the banking busi-
ness. fr
Among civilized people the days Of
usefulness of silver as money, except in
subsidiary forms, are numbered, and
silver is going out Of use as surely az
have the stagecoach and the tallow dip,
and for exactly the same reason-civi-
hizatiuu has outszewsa The conditions
which necessitated its use. No money
has ever come into use at the behest Of
government or because Of statutory en-
actments, but solely because Of recog-
nized ability to perform the functions
Of money.-Austin W. Wright in Sound
Currency.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
a standard OF Yaluo,

Our monetary standard is nothing
but measure Of values. Upon its sta
bility depend growth and prosperity. It
must be recognized as the very bcst-
abroad as well as at home-if our ac-
tive commercial intercourse >with the
leading nations of the world Is to con-
tinue and develop.
Cooperative Banking For Farmers.
The American Agriculturist Of April
4 again discusses editorially the "entire
feasibility Of cooperative banking
among farmers. /" "This can be done, !"
it says, by slight notifications Of the
system Of cooperative savings fund and
building associations or cooperative
banks, which has proved SO remarkably
successful III American cities These in
stitutions now hold over $500, 600, 900
Of deposits and are thoroughly demon
strated practical success. The Saxon
Land Credit association Ca report upon
which can be obtained by writing to
the secretary Of state, Washington Is a
modification of the RaiEciscn system,
which In Prussia aud Germany has
achieved the same success among the
working farmers Of those countries that
the cooperative banks have achieved in
our American cities. The people Is banks
of Italy and neig ghbcring countries, based
upon much the same plan. have had
marvellous Success. A report giving fur
ther particulars upon the Saxon Land
Credit association has been published
by the department Of state fer free dis
tribution, in which Consular Agent Pc
ters says with truth that can never be
questioned:
What American farmers require to relieve
them cf tho present financial strain under
which they are living Is the power to borrow
ct the lowest possible interest consistent with
their securities uni tho financial conditions In
the great celsers Of the world. So. long as they
must borrow from the local money lender they
must pay high rate Of interest for accommo
dation. Il - this hsh rate Of interest under
which our farmers are now striving and fall
Ing that Is responsible for the general unrest
and dissas sisfaAtion. Remove the high rate of
interest," give them the same opportunity to
use their credit rs men engaged IN other bust
ness, exchange the present mortgage ON tia
farm for one with reasonable interest, which
the farmer can pay and have something left
gor TIE savings hsllk. and We viii restore hap
piness and prosperity.
This question has been solved By the fAEmera
and landholders Of Europe. and the solution
of the problem did not consist In the tBsue BY
thR gQEsznmelt q mass OK dehased gazEsnGy
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
Y.ocat,pp the I1,sease.

"We cannot afford to advertise our
anxiety for the free coinage Of silver
any more" the Philadelphia North
American (Rep.) declares "Unless
some of the nations want free coin
age at our ratio or thereabout, it is idle
as we'll as hulniliating to lie importun-
ing the great nations to create market
for our silver. For that is tho kernel Of
this nut, aud but for the desire for q
market there would be no talk about
free coinage Cf silver here
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08

az The money supply Of this country
and of the world ut large is not ton
tracting, but increasing rapidly; (2)
the low price OF farm products is ,,:Sed
by increased production, not by contrac
tion of the currency; (3) free col .ge Of
silver would not improve the coIqition
Of any one and would he the cauSe Ct
great hardshirs and privatious' TO the
wage earning classes AID all persons of
small means.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
Government CurrencY

The reason bank circulation has been
decreasing through term of years. and
why it is inelastic, remaining almost
without change from season to season,
is that the security for it is a deposit Of
government bonds. The bank capital is
in the treasury instead of in business.
The profits on circulation decline as the
bonds increase in value or the rate Of
interest declines, and the redemption
process is slow and Ineffective. The
dangers Of the government currency
and the deficiencies of the bank curren-
cy are now pretty well recognized. and
every day shows increased earnestness
in the demands of business men for a
complete and permanent cure.-Iron
Ac1o
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08

between them, each Of the leading pole
varieties is represented in Bush limas.
There are three types Of these. Dreer's
Bush lima-which had It's parentage In
the old Potato lima; Burpee's Bush
lima, from the large fat lima, and
Henderson's Dwarf lima which is the
silva or small lima. The latter is very
productive but The beans are smaller
than the Others.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
Japan In a New Light.

Now that Japan is on the brink Of
replacing her currency on the exclusive
gold basis, we presume that we shall
no longer be worried with fearful Vi
sions of her growing industrial suprem-
acy, which was alleged to be due to the
silver standard. It was affirmed that
whatever goods Japan sold in this coun-
try, being paid for in gold, practically
doubled the sellers income when the
proceeds were converted into silver.
And this tremendous advantage the jap
anese now relinquish.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
our own Experience.

In this country since 1865 the wage
Garner has received his pay in dollars
which have on the whole steadily ap-
preciated in value, SO far as general
commodities are concerned, SO that the
purchasing power of his wages has
nearly doubled, while interest on capi-
tai has steadily fallen and now averages
scarcely half what it was.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
Peru Follows Japan.

Peru is the latest addition to the list
Of countries planning to get on to col
id gold basis. If silver keeps up its pres
ent rate of progress, there will be
nothing left for gold to conquer in 1900.
Of course the need for silver legislation
will then be greater than ever, and the
ilyerites must work accordingly. They
will then have the herculean task of
converting the whole world back to sill
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08

cIFc1laEed among the people as a fictitious
valne. The end was reached By the farmers
and laudholders by their own force and CO..
operation, by the founding Of associations
which In time became power In the land, and
whose financial strength was measured By mil
lions Of undoubted securities which the public
was only too glad to invest In.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
B. & O. Railroad

| Schedule In effect January 24th, 1897.
TRAINS LEAVE DELAWARE AVENUE
WILMINGTON DEPOT EAST BOUND.
Express trains.
An trains Illuminated with Pintsch Light
New York, weekdays, 1918, tl0.25. q. n
| tl2.2l, t229, f3.2S 1852, II SO, I'll p. m Sur
days, t5.t5, n >, = q IS 81 = 20 I'll O
Phiiadelphia, weekdays, tslS. 5.55, $40
t7.2O, 7S6, tS5 9.l5, tl00l, tl0;%, Il .2O, g: m,
2 q l24O i 2s Isas s5G b f2 go 81 ~ !
@ ~, Paao, o. tss. s 80. t5s 1'' $50 So s. @ SIS
Che Chester, S - weekdays, 1913, 655, $40. r.o.
ta.SS, SD, t5.s2 8s0. t7.ss 9l5, til p: M: Sun
ssS, ext T. Ell b. 3 7ss. sis g. os @ p % M. = = 2
ts Asap.G p n eis Sundays, 81 E a. m. m zz
Cape May, weekdays, m., 1875 m, t22e,
Baltimore and washington, weekdays. t4ls
t6.l6, tS 10 p. m. Sundays, t4.lS 7:02, 1874
M, tl256, 1907, 2,5. t4.57, 1919 p. m
Baltimore and way stations, daily. 7.20, q. m
!. Newark, Del, weekdays, t4,l8, 7.ao ts4s
sandssyys. j s Y. t4.ls. 10. 1s.4s q. m. asa t4.57,
Plttsburg, weekdays, ts.le. p. M, Sundays,
chicago via Cincinnati and Indianapolis
Cincinnati and st. Louis, daily tl2.55, and
New Orleans and Memphis via Bristol ana
Chattanoega, S.l9 pm. daily. Through sleep
ers TO Memphis and New Orleans.
Singeriy accommodation, daily TO. q. m,
Landenburg accommodation, weekdays,
1917, a. M, 2.5l 4.57, p. m. Sundays. 10.
Leave Market Street Station
Philadelphia, weekdays, 8 30p m
baltimore, weekdays, 2.60 p. m.
Landenburg and way stations. week days,
6.4,, 1920 q. M, 250, $40, p. m. Sundays, g.55,
Leave Philadelphia, Chestnut street
station for Wilmington, weekdays, 1880. 6,l5
7.l0, fs.5, sso. no g ll.so, .. m, tl25O,
il.s6. l60 1890 tl0. 4so, IS Is, t5.z, 500, $50,
psisa psnndss.. sisS; s01s ts3e, tsls 800 ll.so am,
tI2.ao, tl.Ss, l.5o. tl.2o, 80, 8 50, t7.4o
Toieda and Detroit AIS M, .457 p. m. and
7.& p. M, daily:
Telephone, 1893.
Ratesne. Western pointsthan lower via any
B. B. MARTIN. Manager Of Passenger Traftic
n. GREENE. General Manager.
G. W. INGRAM, s. N. ENos.
Middietown. Odessa.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
Read These Testimonials

scorT's LIVERY STABLES, May LIST, 1893.
Having used Vaughan's Diamond Condition
Powders in my livery, can heartily endorse
them as giving me entire satisfaction as o
Of Roughness of the Skin and Hair.
L. C.. SCOTT.
MIDDL sTowN, DEL, Maya 1895
l can truly say of Vaughan's Diamond
best Horse Powders that / ever used. Having
thoroughly tested them on my horses found
they produced the desired results for which
they are SO highly recommended.
CORTLAND F. CRoCKET.
MIDDLErOwN, DEL, Apr. 1896.
DEAR SIR:-Having used your Condition
Powders found them good for all kinds OF
stock. would advise everyone to use them.
CIR. MANLOvE.
MIDDLETowN, DEL, Apr. lS, 1895.
have tried your Powders and find them
Superior to anything 1 have ever used.
FRANK PIERCE.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
a m. q m. a m. p m. p n

Daily. Daily except SUNDAY.
"an Stops to leave passengers from Whining.
ton and points north, or take passengers fox
''f' stops only on notice to conductor or agent
or on signal.
"r' stops to leave passengers from Middle
st" stops to let of passengers from points
south of Harrington.
New CASTLE Accommodates TRAINs-Leave
Wilmington lilo q. m. and 9.5l p M. daily,
days. Leave New Castle $50 a. m. and 10 10 p
M, daily S.3l, s46, ll.02 g. m, LI6, 536, 6 A,
7.22 p. M, weekdays.
Express trains leaving Harrington sos a. M,
and arriving at 6.26 p. M, weekdays, run
through solid to and from Baltimore. via Porte,
and Newark.
BRANCH ROADS.
DELAWARE, MARYLAND q VIRGINIA r. r.
Leave Harrington for Franklin IN City and way
train leaves Franklin City $40 m., 10. IL week
days.
Leave Franklin City for Chincoteague (vis
steamer Lag p. m; week days Returning
Leave Harrington for Georgetown and Lewes
at 0.39 a. m, 6 so p. m, weekdays Returning,
leave Lewes6: :46 q. M, 40 p: m. weekdays.
Leave Harrington for Berlin, l0.S9 q. m. week.
days and $50 p. M, Returning, leave Berlin 6.59
QUEEN O. ZEN ANNE ANN / KENT R. R.-Leave Townsend
IOr CentreVllle ana way sLALiOn8 Szz & M, anu
$50 p. M. week days Returning. leave Centre
vile $50 a. M. and lao p. M, weekdays.
| DELAwARE & CHEsAPEAKE r. R.-Leave Clay
ton for Oxford and way stations 9.38 O. M, and
5.45 p. M, week days. Returning, leave Oxford
6.55 q. M, and 40 D. m, weekdays.
CAMBRIDGE Il SEAFoRD r. R.-Leave Seaford
for Cambridge and intermediate stations II. IL
weekdays and on Tuesdays. Thursdays and
'aturdays 7.67 p. m. Returning leave Cambridge
6.20a m. weekdays and 2.2 p. m. Tuesdays.
Thursdays and Saturdays
A rzr3fh h anil
Delaware City Railroad. At Townsend, with
Queen Anne's & Kent Railroad. At Clayton
with Delaware & Chesapeake Railroad and
Baltimore & Delaware Bay railroad. At Har.
rington, with Delaware. Maryland 4 Virginia
Railroad. At Seaford, with Cambridge 3 Seaford
Railroad. At Delmar, with New York, Phila,
Peninsula Railroads.
B. HUTCHIsoN, General Manager
j. r. WOOD. General Passenger Agent.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08

We aim to, and do, give you
the best and most original de-
signs, independent of all other
dealers, as it costs no more to
have the latest and best de-
signs, which is greatly to your
interest. Estimates furnished
on application and visits made
TO the country upon notIffcd-
ton.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
BANKS.

Peoples National Bank.-President, G. w,
w. G. Lockwood. Bank Building on East
Main Street.
Citizens National Bank.-President, Joseph
Biggs; Cashier, John Q. Crouch; Teller. =.
Street.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08

Experience proves the merit of Hoods
Sarsaparilla. II cures all forms of blood di-
seases, tones 1.-THE stomach, builds up the
nerves.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
rliddletown Directory.
MUNICIPAL OFFICERS.

President-G. w. w. Naudain; Secretary,
w. 8. Letherbury; 8. 8. HOlten, Charles FL.
Howell, Geo. ". Peveriey.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
RoBERT PATTERSON, Esq.
Director Of the Mint.

Except 1000 pieces, no more silver
dollars were coined till after Andrew
jackson retired from the presidency.
It is clear from jefferson s writings
that he favored the use of EA.h metals,
but only at their natural ratio in tho
worlds markets. He seems to have had
an instructive fear that people who wish
ed an "easy mode Of paying of their
debts" would attempt to fix our coin
age system independent of the worlds
markets. His policy at all times was to
stick close to the natural ratio.
His desire to ascertain the market ra-
tio between gold and silver and adopt
that as the legal ratio is shown again
In his supplemental notes, Works, edi-
ton Of 1858. volume /, page 40, written
In 1888 or 1854. when he suggests that
the committee of the states be Instructed:
TO appoint also proper persons to inquire
what are the proportions between the values
Of fine gold and fine silver at the markets Of
the several countries with which we are or
may probably be connected In commerce, and
what would be q proper proportion here, hay
ing regard to the average Of their values at
those markets and to- other circumstances,
and to report the same to the committee, by
them to be laid before congress.
Jefferson framed and had passed By
the Virginia assembly law by which
the value Of the paper money Of Amer
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
SECRET SOCIETIES.

Middletown Council, No. 2, Jr. o. U. A. M.
Meets every Monday night in McWhorter's
Hall at O'Clock.
Union Lodge, No. s, A. +. q A. NJ. Meets
irst Tuesday OF each month In Town Hall.
Good Samaritan Lodge, No. 9, ]. .. o. r.
Meets every Thursday night In Now horter's
Hall at s O'Clock.
Damon Lodge, No. IL, K. Of P. Meets every
Wednesday night In McWhor9ers Han at
s O'Clock.
Meets every Friday night In Reynolds Build
ing att O'Clock
Welcome Conclave Heptasophs. Meets
every second and fourth Friday night In x.
OF p. Hail..
Union Lodge, No. 6, A. o. u. W., meets every
I'd and 9Th Tuesday night in McWh0rter's
Hall.
Of the Union. Meets lst and Sd Friday, Nc
Whorter's Hall at 8 p. m.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
Cures

Prove the merit Of Hoods Sarsaparilla- -posi
tive, perfect, permanent Cures.
Cures Of scrofula in severest forms, like
goitre, swelled neck, running sores, hiT
disease, sores in the eyes.
Cures Of Salt Rheum, with its intense itching
and burning, scald head, letter, etc.
Cures Of Boils, Pimples, and all other erup
tions due to impure blood.
Cures of Dyspepsia and other troubles where
q good stomach tonic was needed.
Cures of Rheumatism, where patients were un'
~. able to work or walk for weeks.
Cures Of Catarrh hy expelling the impurities
which cause and sustain the disease.
Cures of Nervousness by properly toning and
feeding the nerves upon pure blood.
Cures Of That Tired Feeling by restoring
strength. Send for book of cures by
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
DIAMOND
Condition POWDER

Prepared only at VAUGHAN'S Pharmacy,
West Main Street, Middletown.
Is put up with the greatest care and Is be-
lieved to be an efectual remedy against dis
ease. 1t purifies the blood, increases the ap
petite, promotes digestion, regulates the
bowels, kidneys and liver. Cures distemper,
coughs and cold. Prevents epizootic, mur-
rain, plague, cholera, and all contagious
diseases. Kills bots and worms. Removes
humor. roughness of the skin and hair and
restores health to the system.
THE DIAMOND CONDITION POWDERS
are highly recommended by those who have
used them. You cannot afford not to try
them.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08

stocks, bonds, cotton, grain and provisions
bought and sold for cash or carried on mar
gin to suit customers. Especial attention
given to fractional lots Of Ten shares or more
Wire connections with principal exchange
the country. dcc.@m
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08

BRIssKN WALKER, wishes to add quarter
of million to its clientele, already the larg-
est, ofintelligent thinking readers possessed
by any periodical in the world.
IT Is PREPARED TO PAY HAND
sOMELY FOR ASSISTANCE REM
DERED. It wishes the services Of
one reliable man or woman in every
town, village, country district, or
manufacturing establishment in every
State. All that is required Of any
one 10 reliability, earnestness and
work. No matter on what other
work you are engaged. 1t viii pay
-..=.-AeN Na-a..nl.aa 4y1%r, $hie offer
Apply, stating position, capability and refer
sncss, 20 THE COSMOPOLITAN MAGAZINE,
Hudson, New YORK.
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, May 2, 1906.
sIR-In consequence Of q representation from
the directors OF the Bank OF Inc United States
that considerable purchases have been made
of dollars coined at the mint for the purpose
Of exporting them and as it Is probable fur
ther purchases and expectations will be made,
the president Thomas Jefferson) directs that
all silver to be coined at the mint shall be of
small determinations, so that the value Of the
largest piece shall not exceed half dollar
IAMrc M MADrcaU
Middletown transcript., 1897-05-08
THOMAS JEFFERSON.
THE ORIGINAL DECENTRALIZATION OF
SILVER WAS EFFECTED BY
JEFFERsoN's ORDER.

he Was at All Times Opposed 70 Cheap
Money and liquidation Of Debts-Be-
Meved That Coinage Ratio Should Stick
Close 20 the Market Ratio-FAvOred Use
Of Both Metals. but Showed Moderate
Preference For Gold-Could Not Have
Stood on the Chicago Platform.
Thomas Jefferson was patriot and q
statesman Of the highest order. It is
proper for all true Democrats to cele-
brate his birthday, April IS, and to
commemorate his many excellent quail
tiles, but why should those who voted
in 1896 to repudiate debts and to cheap
en- our dollar by attempting to fix an
artificial ratio between gold and silver
widely different from the market ratio
meet to honor, or dishonor. Jefferson's
name? Is there anything in his writings
or his conduct to indicate that he would
have been O cheap money and repudia-
tion Democrat2
In 1888 Mr.. jefferson wrote:
The proportion between the value Of gold
and silver is mercantile problem altogether.
just prlnclpleS Will lead US 10 disregard
legal proportions altogether, TO inquire into
the market price Of gold In the several coun-
tries with which we shall principally be con-
nected in commerce and to take an average
from them.
Does this sound like the silver plank
of the Chicago platform?
In a let ter to Mr.. Hamilton in Feb
ruary, 1T92, Mr.. Jefferson expressed his
opposition to cheapening the dollar or
reducing the monetary unit. He said of
the dollar:
very much doubt right now to change tho
value, and especially 10 lessen it. 1t would
lead to so easy mcde Of paying off their
debts . Should it be thought, however,
that congress nny reduce the value of the dol
lar, / should be for adopting for our unit, in
stead Of the dollar, either one ounce Of pure
silver or one'ounce Of standard silver, so as to
keep the unit Of money q part of the system
of measures, weights and coins.
The original decentralization Of sill
yer" was effected by the following or
der from Thomas jefferson:
DEPARTMENT OF STATE, May 2, 1906,