davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
AUSF.ClOuS OPENING.
Fine Weather Marks the First Day Of the
t.eaxenMorth Keunion and CarnixaL


lEANENwoGrH. Kan. Oct. i2-Ee-
union week opened bright and clear.
~ hours' rain having settled the dust.
By noon tars. bunting and other dec
orations thar had hung limp and wet
yesterday were floating 10 the breeze.
The main streets were decorated more
lavishly than ever before attempted
here, United States aags, Grand Army
cmblems and the apple carnival colors.
rcd. yellow and green, predominant
ing, Camp Alger presented u
lively appearance with 1000 white
:ents and two large pavilions
covering over 10 acres. Soldiers
OF the regular army have charge
OF the police regulations, while detec-
tives from this and neighboring towns
are also present, No gambling will
be allowed. The opening day was
designated soldiers home day" and
fully :, 900 veterans We're in the camp.
The formal openin < exercises were be-
gun AZ two O'Clock with Col. Sidney
Cook, OF Herington. presiding. United
States Senator Baker delivered the
welcoming address on behalf of the
town
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
Colonization in Kentucky.
Kansas City Times.

Kansas City Times.
The campaign IN Louisville has
furnished splendid example of re
publican campaign methods.
Through the arrest OF a negro for
perjury, it transpired that the re
pub!icaIs have been colonizing
negroes by the wholesale. At Mem
phls over 800 were herded into cars
and taken to Louisville, where they
were registered in order that they
might express the will of the people.
Such methods have been resorted
to go often by the republicans that
we can not pretend to be surprised
at these revelations. except as re
CARDS the extent and openn. SIS Of the
frauds.
The discoveries, however, serve a
useful purpose as furnishing some
idea of how the last election was
won. When tie election thieves are
thus active it is easy to see how
Kentucky was carried" for Mckin-
ley by few hundred votes.
The Kentucky republicans are a
particularly sc our drelly set, but they
have no schemes that are Lot known
to, and utiliz,d by, the republicans S
of Ohio and Indiana. By eli appear
ances, the same car loads cf negroes
who were to dsfeat the wishes of
the people in Louisville would have
been taken across the river later into
Ohio ard registered, so that they
might there also voice the appeal of
the people for Mark Hanna to be
their senator.
Such schemes are only what We
have always to expect from a party
of professional politicians with i'm.
mense slush funds The democrats
OF Ohio and Kentucky must RENE m
Der that eternal vigilance is the price
OF victory. They will have to fight
every form of corruption. II they
win it will be because they rolled up
such an immense majority that it
could neither be overco ome by fraud
ulent voters or counted out.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
-
EVIDENCE ALL IN,

Defense In the Luetgert Murder Case Tn
expectedly Offers No surrebuttat.
CHICAGO, Oct. 12.-Nhen the Luet-
CERT trial was resumed yesterday wit
nesses which the defense had called in
surrebnttal failed to respond when
their names were called. and finally
eS-Judge Vincent announced to the
court that the ease of the defense was
all in. After brief consultation by
the counsel in the case il was agreed
to begin arguments to the jury this
afternoon. The case will go to the
jury probably next Saturday night.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
MARKETS BY TELEGRAPH.
Live Stock.

k.SsAs CITY. Oct. 2-Cattle-Receip,s
s,il5; calves Loss; market steady TO lower:
shipping and dressed beef steers 81 CO.'S 90:
Texas and Indian steers, So l0fg35 80; cows and
heifers 81 25sy3. 30: stoekers and feeders 81 -
GA 80 Hogs-Receipts. AIT: market steady to
higher at 81 oo83 ia. Sheep-Receipts 57l7:
market steady; sheep, s20143s1; lambs 1925
GG5Oo.
ST LOUIS Oct. 12-Cattle- Receipts. 8 so:
market barely steady; native shipping and
export steers, s+35Ga01; light and dressed
beef and butcher steers. 50. 50G415; stockers
and feeders, s. 5olt4 25; and heffers 81 ool.
$50; Texas and Indian steers. s20hg3s5: best
grades. a 25lt451: cows and heifers - I5d3 -
Hogs-Receipts, 4,uoa; market nc higher light:
s3 stlt40 mixed. s37o139J heavy So 70fI 10
Sheep-Receipts 2,0o3; market steady: native
muttons, 50 lod3s5; lambs. ;3 2sg5 -
CHICAGO, Oct -Catsie-Receiuts % 600.
best steady, others weak to Zoe lower: beeves.
So s5z5 40; cows and heifers. II s5fy4 ID: Texas
steers. = 70G3s}: western. 8 o0T4 81: stockers
and feeders, 81 s5GE4 10 Hogs-Rece1pts q 900:
market active. averaging s. higher; light, s3-5
"a 10: mixed s37oGsi05; heavy. sa4594p1:
rough. g 4SG53 81 Sheep-Receipts p co.:
good steady others weak and lower: native,
g 29G4ta: western g. a-75G3s5: lambs g . "A
5 ~
Grain and Provisions.
KANSAS CITY, Oe. ie--Recsipts Of wheat.
100 cars; year ago. 575 cars Sales by car lots:
No hard. s3t.G5s4}.c; No hard. siEss.e; No
8 hard. sslssfa.c: No. hard. 74g7slzc: No .
soft. sJ1gs2tse; No. > soft. ssGs9,; No 4;
soft. sOt5sec. Receipts OF corn Isl cars; . year
ago, l2e cars No mixed, 2i1.s,sc: No mixed.
a4g245sc; No. mixed. 3d. a23z.e; No. 2 white.
2sitGe4a4c' No white. 2+fk2is.e: No white
23i:c- Receipts OF oats. s. cars: q wear ago Z,
cars No mixed, I714E11sc: No 3 raived t77.
Else; No mixed. isE.c: No. white. Ien
lsa4c: No white. iss:Gis;4c Receipts Of hay.
~ cars; timothy. choice ~ o.: No, / Sc 5gn
100; choice prairie. s5,s0gf-V9 Eggs Ike per
doz Poultry. hens. sac per la. spring.,
&c per ID; broilers. 1lsc per III: roosscrs
1e4.c each: turkeys Sc. ducks 5Ts4.
geese, 5Gs5.e: pigeons. 6oc per dog Butter.
extra fancy. :2c: dairy. fancy I9c. choice. fsc:
store packed, Iag!4> Potaroes. honae grown
5ego9c per ot1 Sweet potatoes. 5J7s9c
per bu- Apples. fancy. 800 per f,bL
No l. se3: No. = ala Grapes Isn
esc per basket Peaches. ciiagstones, 5ase
Per = ou ;freesto1e-- s017oc per y bu Water
melons, 63cG 81 g, perdoz CaataIoupas. Il 5g5.
f5 par crate Cabbage 30I50c per dog OnIoy.s.
ssegsI.p par ba BeerS, 2514ac per bl To-aa-
toes 4Jlg5ac per ba TcruipS- s5zs4)c pe- t,r,
Carrots a5<g31c par 0l- Green aa4 pTax bez1.
1890 per bu.
CHICAGO. Oct fa-Wheat. October, ssssa
ssa.c; December, 2ilsGeisc. Mag, sas1aelssc
CoEa-october. Z7ssG.9sse: December. e-s.G
1sc' Mas, S-ssI32a.c Oats-Oetober. ia.
.sAsc; December, Isalg1e=.c: May aeg2a.c
Pork-october- s-.75; December 9. -. - s-l::
January, u .231E3sl La-d-Octotrcr s4s=:
December. si295-14 So; Ja-uarv s44.1
4ss-.- Short r1bz-oStober, 81 E5g4s5, Deceu.
Der. - i5- a52.4i; JaGEarT- Fl s.t:145a
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14

PORT TOWNSEND. Wash, Oct. i2.-As
an evidence that gold is found else
where than klondike. the steamer City
OF Topeka, which arrived from Alaska.
brought an aggregate of 500, 900 in
gold dust from Cooks inlet, the result
OF this summers work. This amount
is distributed among s. men, who are
coming out TO spend the winter in 4
place where climatic conditions are
more favorable than the country they
have Just left
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
a Dangerous Raised Bill.

KANSAS CITY. Mo-. Oct. 12.-The cir
Gus and last weeks festivities have had
one result that always happens on
like occasions. The town is flooded
with counterfeit money, both coin and
currency. The most dangerous bill
left behind by the visitors is 81 treas
ury note raised to SO. The work upon
it is good enough to deceive almost
anyone not aceus stoned to handling
large sums of money.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
A Fatal RtAGt-

ST. LOTS. Oct I2.-Peter Yogge, a
miner at Turkey Hill. near Bellevilie.
was instantly killed by falling coal.
He fixed the shot in his room and then.
after igniting the fuse, went outside.
The shot did not explode at once and
thinking the fuse might have gone
out, he returned to relight it. Just as
he entered the room the blast went off.
and the unfortunate man was buried
under mass of falling coal and slate.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
CLEMENS cRiTIclsEs LEEDY.
The Death Penalty Declared unpopulistic-
The Call Pardon Held Responsible.

TOPEKA. Kan. Oct. 12.-G. c. Clemens
has prepared an interview in which he
attacks Gov. Leedy's statement that he
believes in judicial hangings. He says
the doctrine is contrary to populist
principles and that n candidate for
governor who would make such a
statement could not be elected. The
governor, he says, is bloodthirsty and
he attributes this to the blum der made
in the pardon of Homer A. Call. The
last governor who spoke favora bly, of
judicial hangings was George L. An
fntnv
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
Didn't Know 1t Was Loaded.

VISrrA, |. T., Oct 12.-The two sons
of James IL. Aiken, an attorney of this
city. were playing in bed with a
small pistol when the elder. named
Strange. aged -. shot the younger
through the head, causing his death u
few minutes later. The weapon was
thought to be empty.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14

MEMPHIS. Tenn. Oct. l2.-After 4
delay of more than Is months. A. X.
Ward, who is under sc indictments for
forgery and emhezzlement, from W hich
he secured $4,000. was placed on trial
this morning in the criminal court
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14

OMAHA. Neb.. Oct. t2.-One hundred
carpenters employed at the transmits
sissippi exposition grounds struck work
to-day. The men ask that the carpen-
ters' union be recognized, and that
skilled labor alone be employed in the
carpenters work. The contractors
have been paying the union scale, hut
have not recognized the union.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
Gaynor May supp,ant Van wvck.

NEW YORK. Oct l.. Richard Croker
has held conference at Great Bar
rington. Mass. with Judge William
Gaynor- Of Brooklyn, and it Is reported
that there will be a read iustment of
the democratic city ticket with Judge
Gaynor's name in the place Of that of
Robert 4. Van Wyck as the candidate
of the party for mavo-
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14

BIG STRIKE IN ENGLAND.

Four Hundred Thousand Men Called Out
to Aid the ship Engineers.
LONDON, Oct. i2.--The secretary of
the federated trades, comprising 80
important industries, announces that
the executive committee has def
nitely decided to call out all it's MEM
bers in sympathy with the struggle of
the ship engineers against their en-
ployers on Friday next, when it is es-
timated that total of 400, 900 men will
De out of work on account of the great
la Dor disDute
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
Was Once Gen, HauCOrk's CLERK

LEAvESwoRTu. Kan, Oct. IL
Charles Peaper. well-known banker
and leading citizen, died here this
morning after two years suffering.
He was born in Holland % years ago.
He came here before the civil war as
chief clerk for Gen. Hancock and was
later town treasurer
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14

ST. Louis, Oct. I2.-One hundred and
forty-one cities east of the Mississippi
river and the - west were represented
at the sixth annual convention of the
National Horseshoers' Protective asso-
citation, which met here to-day. Mayor
Ziegenhein made an address OF well
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
Will spend $4,000 for New Books.

KANSAS tITY, Mo. Oct l2-The
board OF education has decided 10
double the number Of books on the
library shelves before spring. To do
this it will make use of the So. 600 gift
of George Sheidley, which will be de-
voted entirely to this purpose. and the
selection of books will begin immedi-
atalv
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
AGRICULTURAL ATTACHES.
Secretary Wilson Thinks More Attention
Should BE Paid to Oar Farm Products
Abroad.

WASHINGTON. Oct l2--Secretary
Wilson, Of the agricultural depart
ment. IS giving much attention 10 the
marketing abroad OF American farm
products. He IS confident that the
near future will see a regular and
rapidly growing sale OF American but
ter IN foreign countries, and that be-
fore many months, every outgoing
steamer will carry large quantity of
II He also has in view the providing
Of agricultural attaches at our lega-
uons III Europe. just as military and
naval officers are assigned 10 duty
there. The secretary will recommend
this provision in his forthcoming re-
p9F.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14

The fiction in the November mum.
OF Demorest's Magazine is of a
st attractive nature, including
remarkable clever serial "Bobbie
Duff, by Clinton Ross. besides
sr first class tales.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
FITZ is OUT FOR GOOD.
The Pug Hist Declares He Will Never Again
Enter the Ring.

Enter the Ring.
CINCINNATI, Oct. l2.-Bob FitZsim-
mons. who is with his theatrical COM
pany here, said: ''No possible induce
ment could make me reconsider nv de-
termination to leave the ring forever.
l will not give up the championship
until it is won by some one of the pres
ent heavyweight aspirants and in a
fight to the finish. | have no favorite.
Peter Maher is good fighter and u
hard man to beat"
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
Killed by Lightning as fhorcI,

WINSTON. y e., Oct. I1.-Last night.
just as L. +. Huntnan, with his wife.
drove up To Union Ridge churcn near
mere 10 attend a Quaker meeting.
bolt OF lightning struck tree and so
severely shocked Mrs Huntrnan that
she died in an hour.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14

RICH Hill, Mo-. Oct. ia bicycle
racing circuit has been arranged for
Rich Hill, Clinton and Joplin. Joplin 5
date is October IS; Clinton, October 10,
and Rich Hill. October -
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14

Edward Goldberg. of Wichita. Kan,
has been appointed by the president
as agent for the Indians of the Ouapaw
agency in the Indian TERRITORY.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
Cattle Poisoned by Sorghum.

ATcHis1y. Kan. Oct. 1a.-Ninety
head OF blooded cattle on Hackerett &
flheld's ranch. near Alton. Kan. got
INTO a Field OF volunteer growth sor-
gnum sugar cane and III head died in a
ie. hours
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
badly damaged Hogs are reported
dying in many counties for want of
water.
NO WATER IN THE TERRITORY.

Sloan Springs, Ark, Oct s.
The drought throughout this Sc C ion
Of Arkansas and all the eastern por
tion of the Indian Territory still
continues and the lituation is daily
growing more alarming Ia many
neighborhoods throughout the Cher
okee country destructive prairie fires
have been raging ever since Monday
The damage has baen very great
Thousands upon thousands of tons
of prairie hay owned by sto:lmen
tha. had been stacked out in the
open prairie without being plowed
around have been destroyed and as
a consequence some of the big feed
ers have to sell their cattle or be
forced to buy feed
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
WITHOUT PARALLEL IN ILLINOIS.

Springfield, Ill , October S-The
drought is withou. parallel for this
part of the country 1t began Au
gust %. ths date of the last heav,
rainfall, aud continued with little
abate ment until the present time, u
period Of forty six days.
DROUGHT NOTICED BY BRADsTREET's
New York, O,t S-Bradstreet's $
to morrow, October 8. will say:
''Distribution of gene raj merchan
disc in the Central West and North
west is further checked, owing to
the prolonged drought in Kentucky
Illinois, kans, Missouri, Nebraska,
Iowa, Minnesota and the Dakotas
Telegraphic advices TO Bradstre- t's
report serious damage in Kansas and
parts of Nebraska ana Iowa, where
early planted wheat is budding out
that planted later is not likely to
sprout Fail plowiug is now impos
sible, six weeks without rain having
dried up pastures and compelled
farmers to feed stock"
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
PARTIALLY BROKEN IN INDIANA

La Grange. Ind, Oct, S.-Th-
drought, which is without preceden,
in Northern Indiana. has been pat
TALLY broken by light rain. The
FIRE in the Tamarack swamp ba-
increased, but the farmers are now
so organized that they anticipate DO
great damage, uni. IS the wind sud
denly cbapgee. Great fires are burn
ing in the marshes near Rochester.
Ind.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14
HOT WINDS IN SOUTHERN KANSAS

Great Bend, Kan, Oct. S-A
heavy wind from this section of
Kansas today, drying all vegetation
aud whirling the dust 10 clouds
This has been an extremely hard
day on wheat. and some fields will
have to be resown. Wheat which
has lain in the ground for the past
ten days is still in good shape and
with proper weather from this on
will come out all right. However,
that which was sown immediately Y
before aud after the last rain has
sprouted and is reeding moisture
badly.
The Butler weekly times., 1897-10-14

Chattanooga, Tenn, Oct. S.-1h.
drought in this section is unprece
dented. Late crops have been liter
ally burned up. ordinarily large
streams of water have gone dry
The Tenne ssee river at this point
ordinarily at good boating stage al
this season, shows depth ef onl,
O 5 of foot.
The copper country evening news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 18??-1907, 1897-11-27
fro BE CONTINUED
Gems of tho Apostles.

One would think the l2 apostles were
rich gentlemen, judging by the freedom
with which the ancients assigned them
emblems in the way of precious stones.
Thus Peter the Rock, was represented by
the hard jasper Andrew was given the
blue sapphire as the emblem of heaven.
ly faith. Bartholomew, the martyr,
was assigned the blood red carnelian (;
James. the affectionate, the white chal.
cedon, and the gentle. loving John the
emerald. With the same view to fitness,
James the younger was assigned the
topaz and the enthusiastic and energet.
10 Matthew the amethyst. while the
chrysolite was the emblem of Matthias;
the beryl, Thomas; the chrysophrase,
Thaddsus. and the pink hyacinth, Sim.
con Of Cana To the present day the en-.
blem Of Matthew is the sacred stone or.
namenting Cross and pastoral ring OF
the Roman Catholics. --Pittsburg Dis.
patch.
The copper country evening news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 18??-1907, 1897-11-27

"Do smooth your hair dot0n trife"
low him. If the beflowered arch had
been guillotine and the cedar ladder a
cleaning ak blade, Strong Martin could
not have experienced a more absolute
sense of despair.
In few incoherent sentences it had
been impressed upon him that suspicion
rested OH him. That he, the plebeian
valedictorian, was accredited with the
morals of "A shoeblack or chimney
sweep
Mechanically he delivered himself Of
the speech he had prepared with sophie
moric pride. Mechanically he listened
to the coldly formal words of common
dation spoken perfunctorily by the fac
ulty. Then he stepped down from the
painful conspicuity of his position and
resumed his place on the front form
amid profound silence.
Not hand was extended TO him in
congratulation. 1t was barren tri-
umph. One message Of sympathy reach
ed him. Only one. Over the heads OF
the audience there came hurtling sol.
itary spray of crimson pomegranate
flowers. 1t came from the hand Of a
The copper country evening news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 18??-1907, 1897-11-27
NECK OR NOTHING.
; By JEANETTE h. wALwoRTH.
copyright. 1897. by the Authsr.l
fro BE CONTINUED

fro BE CONTINUED
after all, the mystery is as great
mystery as it was before old Seephar
flow of oratory," Adrien said, with
light laugh, laying his hand on Strong
shoulder. The only effect it has pro
duced on me is TO render me ferociousl,
hungry. Going out to dinner, StrongY
% dinner! No.
He was on his feet now, looking
slightly down into the delicate, boyisl
face before him.
sis that all that Lawyer Seephar's
speech has done for you, Adrien? Made
you hungry
"All. Positively all. This whole in.
fernal row is disgusting. If gentlemen
sons are to be harangued like field
hands the college doors had much bet
ter be closed "
A soft flush had come into his cheeks,
his eyes-no longer resting on Strong 5
face, but busted in a search for one par
ticular girls hat among the many flut
tering within range of his vision-burn-
ed angrily.
"Of course one of the negroes is the
guilty party.
He turned toward the door abruptly,
then stopped as abruptly to say:
Don't make yourself conspicuous,
Strong. There are score or two of
fools here today resolved upon deciding
who the guilty man is. Don give them
peg to hang their imbecility ON. -
The rustling of women's garments,
the sound of hurrying feet, stopped alb
ruptly at the church door. The grassy
yard absorbed every sound The June
zephyrs, astray from the ripening fields
of corn, disported themselves among
the cedar wisps Of the ladder of learning
and played about the moody brow of
the overseer's son.
He was the solitary occupant of the
silent old red brick church.
The copper country evening news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 18??-1907, 1897-11-27
CHAPTER III.


Presently there was nothing left for
the June Zephyrs to tease but the fut-
tering bannerets of gray Spanish moss
pendent from the unfading wooden rain.
bow and the leaves OF the big church
Bible, that had been left open after the
preliminary reading of a chapter.
Strong Martin had selected the banks
of the creek for his battle-ground with
conscience. 1t would be pleasanter down
there on the water ) pebbly brim, where
no one was likely TO intrude today.
He was hidden from the view of the
hungry churchyard feasters by the high,
sandy banks of the creek that were
fringed with trailing blackberry bushes
and blue eyed periwinkles From the
spot he selected he could hear the clat-
ter Of dishes and the lively chatter OF
the feeders and the fed
With his eye closed he saw it all
In an agony of indecision he flung
his hands outward and upward and
groaned aloud: IF | stood alone. it
would be different II would be easy.
P1t-the old folks-and-Liza Then,
with clinched fist and resolute lips, 1T
as forced hand. And again in voice
almost of despair he said it: a forced
hand A forced hand !"
Upon the calm afternoon air the
clangor Of bell smote sharply. 1t was
the bell in the little wooden belfry of
the red brick church calling the multi
tude back to the closing exercises The
COWS were slowly climbing the opposite
bank Of the creek. The blue crane un-
tucked its small head to reconnoiter.
Strong Martin got up and stretched his
eramped legs, stamping vigorously with
his benumbed feet.
g A profitable hour, " he said bitterly.
II came here to settle matter of con-
science. / am sure of only one thing: /
am hungry. No, of two things. The
knot is knottier than ever. 1t isa forced
hand,
AS he clambered precipitately up the
steep bank of the creek he suddenly
came face to face with Mamie Golyer.
In one hand she held cup Of coffee in
the other loaded plate.
II have been looking for you ever
since you left the church. / saw you
when you came out. Here, take it. You
must be dreadfully hungry She was
not looking at him. She could not. She
was so absurdly short and he so CORE.
spondingly tall that his grateful glance
could only perch on the beflowered
crown of her big hat.
II am hungrier than I thought. II
was good of you TO think of me, Miss
Mamie. did not expect it of you. 4"
"Others have been thinking of you
and talking about you. "
"Yes?'
Her hands were free now. He haC
taken the cup of coffee and gulped it in
three or four mouthfuls. His utteranc,
was somewhat impeded by sandwich.
"No one has thought of me in thi
way. 1t was very sweet of you, Mamie. >
"But / am angry with you Quit
angry"
She employed her liberated hands il
putting her large Gainsborough hat fa
enough on the back of her head to Civ
him tho full benefit of an extremel,
stern gaze which she had carefully pre-
pared for the occasion.
"Adrien Strong says you are ACTIN
like an imbecile. He is very much up
set about you. y
The copper country evening news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 18??-1907, 1897-11-27

SNAIL boy, who grinnsd slssfully ut his
swn dsxtsrity. Ii was sent BY the heart
Of girl who blushed furiously ut her
own unsupported agency in the matter
Strong Martin stopped and picked up
the red winged messenger Of sympathy
with hand that trsmbled visibly A. he
fastened il in q buttonhols of his coat.
He would have liked to press his lips
TO it in shser gratitude, but feared to
make himself ridiculous.
Commencement day of 1859 was over,
and the college robbery that had shaken
all Singleton to its nervous center
was still an unsolved mystery.