davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21

To- THE EDITOR OF THE suS-Sfr: have read with q
good deal OF interest and satisfaction your article In
to-day's Sun respecting bicycle ooasting and the use of
the brake. You say:
"If Ia person is able to wheel at ell, power to CON
troll his machine certainly depends on his ability to
stop quickly. And the brake enables him to do So"
This is absolutely true. although the average bicy-
ole Instructor. dealer or agent will say otherwise II
questioned on the subject. Tho cycle trade every.
where discourages the use OF brakes. and for . purely
business reason. II probably costs Q dollar to equip
q bicycle with . reliable brake Surprising the an,
nual output Of Q n manufacturer to DO so. 900 machines.
the brake item alone would take CSC. 900 from his
pront u every cyclist demanded this accessory, which.
from the standpoint OF the thoroughly practical rider
Is absolutely necessary. The riding public has been
appliance Mt only for women or efeminate men. Yet
] think II could be easily proven that fully ?5 ner
cent. of all cycling accidents would be avoided II ali
wheels were ntted with brakes. Evidently the mat.
consideration Of law makers. Tho stock arvu.
ments or the dealer and subsidized Instructor
are that the brake Is In the way. and that IL in
lures the tire; This is arrant nonsense. The brake is
In the way of nothing. II used constantly when un.
necessary u would very likely spoil the front tire in
time. but II is rarely that the competent rider finds il
geneies; The present writer had ridden constantly
since 1888 and provided himself with q new bicycie an.
nually. For one year he tried the experiment or going
brakeless, and found that the extra watchfulness re.
that feeling of security which goes with the con-
seriousness OF being able TO stop instantly at any time.
LOOK away much or the pleasure of riding. 1t Is .
fact that riders who have once accustomed them.
selves TO the use OF the brake are never known To
abandon t.. The majority OF wheelmen who ride
without brakes arc those who began without them In
OF no practical use. Rnrp
NEW YORK. juno 10.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21

A correspondent asks elsewhere II the
English newspaper organ in New York. the
Evening" Post. is working up a scheme to pro-
sent this republic to England as the most bril-.
liant incident Of the Queens jubilee year. In
the Erenin0 Post Of Saturday there was pub
lished conspicuously on the editorial page an
asinine letter. which probably suggested the idea
to him. The writer, after describing how low.
vulgar. and incapable Of governing ourselves we
are. goes on to say, in discussing the remedy for
this dreadful state Of things: There would
seem to be no historic reasons that would justify
n return to the old forms of aristocracy." BY
that. Of course, he means that there are other
reasons than historic why we should got a King,
preferably q Queen, to rule over us. But neither
our correspondent nor anybody else should take
such manifestations of tho Evening Post seri-
ously. They ara simply the childish efforts of
tho boys brought up in nursery to imi-
tate his old tricks. now that no has left them to
themselves.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21

OF acres burned over was reported In ar
official document rs e59, sos. and the value
destroyed rs $s,52s,171. We have no
reason to suppose that this was an extraor-
binary year for fires.
Then there IL the enormous destruction
Of trees for various uses. The Chief OF the
Forestry Division, In one Of his reports, has
estimated our annual consumption Of wood
for various purposes Mt between 10000
100000 and 90, 900, 10000 cubic feet.
He thought that, with the most lib
eral allowance for all possible wooded
areas, such q rate Of consumption would
exhaust our supplies in from fifty to
sixty years, supposing that there were no
growth meanwhile to replace them. He
found hat the supplies Of certain kinds Of
timber were waning, that "the white pine
Of the North shows signs OF exhaustion, the
white ash has become scarce In many local
tiles, the tulip poplar will not last long, and
tho walnut has ceased to be abundant"
Mr.. FRANcIs's estimate of a quarter Of O
century as the limit Of time for our forests
apparently has reference to the great forests
Of the country rather than to the total sup
ply Of merchantable timber. But by any
reckoning 1t is clear that, under the pres
emit system, the public woodlands arc
in danger. The greatest step ever
taken to preserve them was the act Of
March 8, 1891, authorizing the President
to set apart certain areas from settlement.
Under that act nearly 40, 900 acres
have been reserved, but the present Con.
gress has suspended until next spring tho
reservation of one.half of thia area-
1t may be hoped, therefore, that before
tho subject again comes up for considera-
tion next year, the friends Of forest preser-
walton will make a thorough study of tho
problem, 80 as to be able to know the Ian
gers which threaten the forests, and tho
best methods of avoiding them.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21

larger than the Michigan. She IL not for
midnble, being an old wooden craft, built
by the Government at Philadelphia thirty.
three years ago, during the civil war. She
used to cruise about our waters here, like
the Dispatch and the Dolphin. On the South
Atlantic station she has done good work,
and now that she is to give way to a more
modern gunboat on that station and has
come North, she would prolonG her use
fulness by serving as a naval militia craft.
Still, she ia certainly not within the
treaty specifications. She Is a bark.rigged
vessel, with a length between ~pcrpendicu-
lars Of $50 feet. a breadth Of 80, n a mean
draught Of 1872, having a displacement Of
900 tons. Again, her battery is certainly
not tho lone lS-pound mon Of the
treaty. It consists Of two 0-inch smooth.
bores, an s.inch muzzle-loading rife, and a
8~0-pounder breech-loader, besides a 12.
FOUNDER smooth-boro howitzer, a Calling,
and q 3-inch breech-loader, in the secondary
battery. Her bunker capacity is $50 tons,
and her ordinary complement 10 20 officers
and 1874 men.
However, the dispatches say that tho
Judge Advocated General Of the Navy, after
studying the question, has given tho opin-
ion that the Yantic's employment for State
naval militia on Lake Michigan will not be
a violation of the treaty of 1917. 1t is GER
tain that We have other armed vessels on
the lakes besides nava vessels, namely,
revenue ~cuttera, and that these are recog-
nized by both sides as not coming underline
treaty restrictions. Nevertheless, the Yam
tics appearance on tho lakes would pre-
sumably bring out Canadian comment. But
just now the question IL whether, with her
draught, she could go safely through tho
| Welland canal.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21
A "mass meeting of Democrats" WAS

A "mass meeting Of Democrats" Was
held in Jefferson Club Hall. st. Louis. Saturday,
and was thrilled by tho outpourings Of the Hon.
WILLIAM ~JAwBREAKER STONE, the greatest liv.
ing mixer of metaphor, Col. NICK BELL. and
other mon Of might. Tho intention OF this
meeting" said the invitations. lis to bring
Democrats together and corner the market on
harmony. 1t Is expected, too. that tho first
big battery for tho campaign of 1900
will be fred, and a policy and plan
outlined whereby Democracy. on the Chicago
platform, can effect an organization. Eound tho
keynote and sweep tho country" With all this
firing. sounding, and sweeping in prospect. why
was 1t necessary for the invitations to hold out
the bribo Of music and refreshments r. Is
not the Hon. BILL STONE a whole band and q
calliopei Is not Col. NICK BELL more filling
than q whole eating housed
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21
Jefferson Still Lives"

MI. BRYAN, the late Democratic and Pop
ocratic candidate for the Presidency, made
an address before the literary societies of tho
University of Virginia last week, which he
entitled "JEFFERsoN Still Lives" These
three words were part Of the devout and
patriotic exclamation Of JOHN ADAMS as
helay dying in Massachusetts, on the Fourth
Of July, 1926, not knowing, when he spoke
them, that the eyes Of his great colleague in
nearly all the scenes of the Revolution and
his successor in the Presidency, were at al
most the same m closing in death.
Fortunate is it, indeed, for the country
that JEFFERsoN's pure political principles
are still the most potent forces in the direc-
ton of the republic. We're they not, Mr..
BRYAN would now be President, and, under
the name Of q spurious Democracy, We
should be embarked, as o nation, on an un-
known and shoreless sea of socialistic and
anarchistic revolution.
In the last campaign neither Mr.. BRYAN
nor any Of his adherents was able to find q
line in the teachings of JEFFERSON to sus-
tain the dishonest financial plank of the
Chicago platform. On the contrary, In
those teachings the condemnation of It
stood out, cold. clear, conclusive. And SO
1t vas with all the other Populistic quack-
cries set forth in that monstrous document
under the label Of Democracy. Tried by
the Jeffersonian test they were, each and
all, heretical, and at the polls tho people
so stamped them.
That verdict was majestic proof of the
great truth that JEFFERSON still lives"
II Mr.. BRYAN had learned 1t at last, the
lesson would be Of priceless value to him !;
but his words were evidently only parrot
chatter, for he continues on a course which
runs counter to tho spirit and precept Of
the political teachings and philosophy of
THoMAs JEFFERSON.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21
CoAsT1Ho.
Particular Dfrootions as to 1t By an Erper1-
enoed Wheeler.
New Z~EALANpKn.

Particular Directions as 70 nc BY an Expert.
enoeA Wheeler.
To TH EDrroR OF THE sUE-Syr: Your editorial Of
and to the point. Asa rider Of ten years. experience
allow me to add q few pointers on braking that may
save q broken limb or two.
First. q rear brake Is of little or no use: 10 test this
statement clog your rear wheel and see how easily
you can pull your bicycle along; try tho same expert
ment with the front wheel and you viii
need NO ono to tell you whore tho brake
should DO applied. A brake IL absolutely
necessary for safe city riding. Ono Of the keenest en-.
Joym nts Of cycling Is coastins. and the greatest eie-
ment OF danger is removed IL you know that you can
stop your wheel when you see danger looming up in
the course OF your flying trip down Q hill. You can
with your foot. You can learn this in half an hour.
and knowing how few Of the thousands Of riden use
the loot a. q brake has prompted me to make this
After you have learned to coast select o hill with an
easy descent; whom started nicely. with your feet on
the coasters. slowly draw back your right foot, keep
coaster. and your wheel steady. Keep your eyes
ahead. only giancing at your right foot 70 see that il
Is not low enough to get into the spokeS turn
way under the backbone and back OF the
forks; don't press your foot down until you are
sure your toe u across both forks. then press down
your wheel to q full stop. Repeat this until you have
full control OF your wheel and can snub or stop it at
your pleasure. taking care, however. not to hold your
foot 90 straight with the wheel as TO have your toe
drawn In between the forks. and thus jam your wheel
suddenly and throw you. II easier, use your left foot
In place OF the right aS the brake.
weigh $50 pounds, and have stopped a s7.pound
wheel on q hill so steep-using my foot as q brake
that back pedalling and brake combined did not pre-
viously stop, rubber sole on your shoe is more Of.
BROOKLYN. June 10.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21
Tho Kentucky Wheat Trust.

The farmers Of Woodford county In Ken
lucky have determined to form . wheat
trust, and they have called q convention Of
he wheat growers of their State for the
purpose. They hope to persuade the wheat
raiBers Of Kentucky and the neighboring
States to keep their wheat from the market
until high prices can be obtained for It.
Similar efforts to form q combine" and
force NJ prices have been made at various
times In other States, especially In the
South and West They have failed because
the combination could not be made tight
enough. Too many producers remained
on the outside. Tho trust idea, however,
seems to be . ~favorito among many Of the
Southern and Western farmers, especially
among those Of them who are Populists.
No set Of mon Ii moro active in believing
against trusts than these Populist farmers
are, yet they banker for q trust which
will leave the prices Of their wi products
unaffected by free competition. The demon
Of plutooracy RACES unexorcised even in
agricultural bosoms; and oven the noisy
neoks Of Populist sages are gripped by the
universal claws Of the Octopus.
1t is only Just to the trust-bullding farm
ers of Woodford county, and to all other
trust-building farmers, to say that combina-
lions Of farmers to raise prices are not sup
posed to be trusts. Neither are such COM
binations when made by laborers. To be
sure, these exceptions are matters of cour.
tesy rather than Of law, yet who can forget
that Texas did make these exceptions law
and solemnly exempted farmers and labor
ers from the pains and penalties of her
antitrust law3 That law was declared
unconstitutional. Such are the prejudices
Of courts, but the exemptions which Texas
provided arc still grateful to remember. 1t
is safe to say that there are no sterner foes
Of other than agricultural trusts than
the farmers Of Woodford county. They
will not make an exception of labor trusts
even, mt would be Mortified If their hired
mon should combine to raise wages.
We mention these facts simply for the
a Of Illuminating once moro the sweet
u~nselflshness Of the scourgers of trusts.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21

Islands. withm much good sense he pointed
out that I" the increased facilities for inter
communication" between countries should
change adverse notions on that point. In.
deed, what "new departure" is there In
the annexation Of Hawaii, compared with
That Of Alaska, no far removed from the
rest Of our domains, and even with q foreign
country l~ntervenlngi
Thus the European notion that We are
undertaking II novel experiment is all
wrong. The Pail Mall Gasctte's dictum
that at 10 an ~undoubted departure in the
colonlzing sense" is imaginary. Hawaii
will be no more q colony han Alaska is, no
moro than Louisiana and Florida were.
We arc still marching along the road on
which the fathers of the republic started,
and extending, as they did, the sway Of the
Stars and Stripes.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21

MIR. MORGAN reminded the Republicans
Of the Senate last Friday Of what he
called "a remarkable omission" In the
Tariff bill. It contains 40 provision for tho
repeal Of the income tax Law. Though
"the Supreme Court has set aside the law"
said Mr.. MORGAN, yet It 10 left on tho
statute book, so that In time. with o
change Of the Court, the unrepealed law
can be sustained"
The Law should be repealed, for there 10
lumber enough In thes statutes without In
Guiding laws Of known enthusiastically
In them. Repealed or u~nropealed, tho in.
come tax law remains in tho Popocratio
platform and the Popocratio heart. II 10
an important part Of the great Chicago so
~oiallstic and revolutionary programme. To
doctor tho Supreme Court 80 that 10 will
hold the income tax constitutional 10 still
q Bryanite plan. One hundred and thirty.
Eve Thousand men voted for It In this town
last November. Every man will vote for 1t
who votes the Temmany ticket next No
vember.
Tammany would prefer that neither Mr..
MORGAN nor anybody else should say any
thing about the income tax until aftor tho
municipal election.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21

have boon actively promoting the interests Of
his FIRST expedition.
His work will DO among the myriads OF slaves
in Africa, freed by the agents Of the eighteen
powers which decrcod at Brussels that slave
rniding and the slave trade should cease. Ho
will gather them into settlements. whore tho
harmful influences Of the white race may not
cnter, and they will have to help mnko them
solf.supportine, moro useful, and moro com
Portable, and the experiment will DO first made
among the highlands Of eastern Angola, whore
tho climate is comparatively hoalthful.
TnE U has already described in some detail
the features OF Mr.. CuATELAIN's plan, which
many Africanists believe is tho most practical
scheme for philanthropic work yet devised for
Africa. It Is tho outgrowth OF his years OF
experience in tho dark continent. There will
DO distinguished speakers at tho meeting. but 1t
will be natural II the chief interest Of tho occa-
sion centres In the author and manager of this
enterprise, who, Of all American citizens, holds
tho highest plnce as an Africanist, whose philo-
logical and chronological studies in Africa arc
everywhere accepted "a authoritative, and
whose whole life is absorbed. az fow lives have
been. In devotion to the work of lifting the
African native to q higher plano Of existence.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21
Not . New Policy.

Tho ondon Chronicle. in commenting
upon the Hawaiian Annexation treaty,
says that "the United States has entered
upon the thorny path of colonial ex-
pansion. We wish tho new experiment,
though with some misgivings, all sue
cess" The Times of London shares the
same notion, saying that "the United
States Government has made q new depar.
ture from its historical policy" and that
"the acquisition of foreign dependencies
will bring a new and serious foreign pol.
Icy" asking. finally: "WiH America pursue
the colonizing course upon which abe has
now enteredT
American expansion is not colonial, and
1t is not a new experiment. but an old and
familiar policy, begun almost with the
foundation of the Government. In the early
days of the republic, under JEFFERSON, we
annexed, by purchase from France, the vast
area stretching from the Gulf north
ward to the Canadian line and west
ward to the Pacific, known as Louisi-
ana. This greatest Of all our expansions
was accomplished in 1903, ninety-four
years ago. and only twenty after the deani-
tive treaty of peace with Great Britain.
Next, nearly sourscore years ago. under
MoNRoE's Administration, we acquired
Florida by purchase from Spain. Ourthird
great expansion brought In Texas, that also
being more than half a century ago, while
the ensuing war with Mexico gave us Cali
fornla and New Mexico. These by the force
of arms were then pieced out by the Gads.
den purchase. Finally from Russia We &C
quired by purchase in 1857 the great Ter
ritory of Alaska, this latest of our six great
acquisitions being thirty years old.
In what possible sense can the annexation
Of Hawaii be called a new departure2 Obvi-
ously the only one is that of stepping Off
from the mainland. But the project of insu-
lar annexation was familiart to earlier Ameri-
can statesmen. JEFFERSON declared Cuba
to be the "most interesting addition" that
could be mad to our domains. EDWARD
EVERETT looked forward to the day when
''the isles of the sea" should be under our
nag. We all remember hat the Government
completed a treaty with Denmark during
GRANTS Administration for the acquisition
of The islands of st. Thomas and St. John,
although tho Senate did not ratify 1t.
1t Is clear, therefore, that a distinction
between mainland and insular possessions
was never made by leading American
statesmen. FRANKLIN, at the outset of
the Revolution, was for trying to have the
Bermudas as well as Canada join US In
throwing of the British yoke. We now
: hold, in fact, some islets In the Gulf
of Mexico, such as Navassa, President
JOHNSON, nearly thirty years ago, in a mes
sage to Congress, expressly resented the
Idea that our political system cannot sue
essfully be applied to an area more ex-
ss9ded than our own continent" and he
sNefeIring ct that time 70 the Sandwich
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21
Training for tho Squadron.

The announcement that Admiral SIcARp
will assemble his squadron at Hampton
Roads in August, for drill and manoeuvres
during the rest Of the summer and in the
early autumn, must crafty those who have
the interests of the navy at heart.
From the days of Actium to those of the
Yalu, engagements Of great fleets have been
the most momentous events In naval war.
fare. Famous single combats between YES
sells, such as those Of the Constitution and
the Guerrero, the United States and the
Macedonian. the Monitor and the Mer-
rimac, the Kearsarge and the Ala
bama, abound In our history. as in
the history Of other naval powers, but
there arc also squadron engagements re-
corded, like those of PERRY and MAO
DoNoUGH, while British annals are full of
such encounters from BLAKE to NELSON. 1t
Is worth noting, too. that PERRY, who cap
tured o British fleet when not much moro
than a youth, had been noted for his study
Of squadron drill and ordnance practice.
h North Atlantic squadron needs fire.
quent training In tactics, not only because
1t may be called into active service as a body,
but also because it is the school whence
ships are drawn for foreign station duty as
required. 1t Is therefore important that
its opportunities for squadron maneuvre
should be improved before such ships are
sent away for what may be long absences.
This is also true to q great extent of our
Pacific squadron, of which, accordingly,
the part available in home waters was
engaged last year in tactical training,
NvhfIa AVIAN nm the Aatattn ak.fta, tLn 1900
system was carried out.
No sooner wa our new steel fleet we'll
started than an effort was made to give
1t tho required drills. Under Admiral
WALKER four Of our earlier vessels were
united as 4 squadron of evolution, n It's
work was of great service. But not until
Commodore BUNCE took command of the
North Atlantic station was It practicable
to assemble a fleet of the numbers and
power desired for maneuvres
1t Is therefore most desirable that. with O
new flag officer, and with so many new
commanders of vessels, the drill of the last
year should be resumed and, If need be, am
plifed. Several new ships that nave taken
no part In previous squadron manoeuvres,
need tho experience, while there Is no
danger that the others will be too familiar
with this Important work.
Hitherto presentations of gifts to now
ships by namesakes and details to take part
in public shows and celebrations of various
sorts have scattered the command. But
after the Fourth of July, at least, such calls
should be rarer; and II tho assembling of
the squadron for training should also rem
der 1t more quickly available In case some
foreign power should try to make trouble
for US, that will be an additional advantage.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-21

Ex-Mayor HEWITT will preside over an
interesting meeting at Chickering Hall to-mor-
row night. II will DO u greeting and q farewell
TO HE'LL CHATELArN. who is Oh the eve of start.
ing for Africa with tho first party of teachers to
set on loot the unique work OF the Philafrican
League. 1t is the original scheme for philan.
thropic effort which Mr.. CHATELAIN proposed
last year. and which some of our broad-minded
citizens arc helping him to carry out. Nothing
like 1t has heen tried before, and the plan ia
peculiar, too. in tho commentator It has re.
ceived from all the Governments interested in
Africa. They have offered large areas of land to
Mr. oHATELAN for the stations whore his ideas
will DO carried out. and our State Department
and the Portuguese Minister ct Washington