Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1897-06-19
SCIENTIFIC MISCELLANY.
A NV Industrial Agsnt-Photo-
graphite Frsnks-Substtsuts for
GiRss-Suiphur Compound
Mtcrobs Poisons-Lnient strains
From Eiecirificntton-A Large
Electrical Macains-Pigmy Life Of
the Roof of ths World.

Liquid air has been hitherto an ex-
pensve product, as it has been obtained
by the successive refrigeration, compress
sion and expansion OF several gases
such as carbonic acid, ethylene and
oxygen. By the recently perfected pro-
cess OF Professor Linde, OF Munich. a
pump OF five horsepower condenses the
air to a pressure of 200 atmospheres,
the air passing down spiral tube and
expanding, with the production OF great
cold, on being admitted to a chamber
surrounding the spiral Each install
ment Of air pumped in further cools the
spiral, until in Jew minutes the air es-
capes into the chamber in liquid drops
having a temperature Of 273o below
zero. This process is said 10 have re-
duced the cost in Germany from about
S,.2s to ~ cents for each five cubic
meters reduced, and the sudden cheap
enipg of substance OF such varied pos
sitilites is expected soon to bring about
many industrial changes.
Photographers are said TO be able
sometimes 10 produce direct positives
by extreme over-exposure or by special
treatment Authony's Bulletin calls at
tention to the remarkable experience OF
a beginner, who obtained three postives
and one negative from four exposures
OF the same subject, the only difference
in conditions being the length of expos
ure. The one good, clean.cut positive
I - ~,
posure OF a mimi and a quarter with
fairly large stop in full daylight. In an
other experience mentioned, two ex-
posures OF the same subject under pre-
cisely the same conditions OF Lighting
and timing produced one positive and
one negative, although develope I in the
same tray at the same time
Fruit trees along highways and even
railroads have become a source of
revenue to some German states, and in
the grand ducby OF Luxembury special
classes are held every year Tor instruct
ing inspectors and road hands in the
planting and care OF orchards.
Several substitutes for glass are now
made in Germany. Tectorium is bichro-
mated gelatin everything on bolh sides a
web OF galvanized iron or steel wire, and
is made into sheets about a sixteenth of
an inch thick. II is lighter than glass
and practically unbreakable 1t may be
bent, is easily repaired, and is poor
conductor OF heat and cod II is about
as translucent as opal glass. Its disad-
van,ages are iniammability and liability
to soften on warm days. A material Tor
hot-hGusss is Fensterpappe. 1t is a
tough manila paper made translucent
and mpervious to water by soaking in
boiled linseed oil, and in long rolls one
meter wide is said to cost only about
one-hundredth as much rs glass, while it
is duracle and not readily damaged. 1t
requires no shading from hot sunshine;
yet at all times admits sufficient light for
growing plants. A more recent product
is Hornglas. This resembles tectorium,
but is claimed to be more transparent
and TO soften less readily on heating.
A new element, byih UNI, is claimed
by Theodor Gross, a German Chemist,
to have been obtained from sulphur
Ga electrolyzing fused mixture Of sill
YER sulphide and 81 yer chloride in a
nitrogen atmosphere, he obtained dark
and in ammonia. Fused with alkaline
carbonate, this dissolved in hydrochloric
acid from which hydrogen sulphide
gave a brown precipitale. The new
substance equals five per cent OF thu
original sulphur used, and as there is
no, only corresponding loss OF sulphur
but smaller loss Of CHI orine the pos
sbitiIy is admitted tina, bythium may
have come from the decomposition q
hlorine instead of sulphur.
Tne Ia cinating idea that each disease
microbe has its one spec fic poisonous
principle, lis toxin, is attacked ny NJ A.
Cnarrin, French biologist. He shows
from experiments that single microbe
species may pro- uce several palhogenic
comp unds-the bacillus OF pus, Tor in.
stance, Welding several, which are easily
distinguished by their pathological
effects.
Experiments have shown that the ash
CONT uenls OF coal, which are moi
readily permeable, NAV be roughly est.
: mated by means OF Roentgen rays or
comp Tison with slabs having a known
peicen age OF ash.
One Of The most curious and intsre s.
i7g If THE electrical exhibits at the
Royal Socie,y's last Stree was that q
Mr., w swan. IL consisted Of dishe,