The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-03-01
First Dav.

First Day.
AT the morning session of the first
day Mayor L. Holbrook delivered the
address of welcome. which was re-
sponded TO by Mr.. w. n. Cole of Salt
Lake.
Director Foster was the first on the
programme, giving an interesting talk
on The Conservation Of Soil Moisture
in Dry Farming which was followed
by timely discussion of the ideas
presented.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1.-The Sugar-Beet Culture" was intel
ligently treated by Mr.. James Boy
den
Professor Foster gave an interesting
talk on The Economical Feeding of
Live Stock" Both addresses were fol-
lowed by lengthy and intelligent dis
cussions.
ECONOMIC FEEDING OF LIVE STOCK.
Prof. Foster said that the economical
feeding of live stock means to feed to the
best advantage, not necessarily at the
least cost The question depends upon
where, when and 20 what kind of animal
the feeding is TO be dOne-on the kind,
age and purpose designed for the animal.
and largely on the relative cost OF dlter-
ent feeds well as their composition.
digestibiliJy and palatability. The wise
feeder will take all these matters into
give attention more particularly to the
principles underlying the proper computa-
ton and balancing of rations, the general
composition of the animal body as COM
pared with feeding stuffs.
The numerous substances of which
animal bodies are composed may, for the
convenience OF comparison with foods,
be grouped into four divisions: lst-
Water. which amounts to from 40 to 60
per cent of the weight of the live animal.
Ind Ash, or mineral matters constltut-
ing from = TO per cent of the weight OF
the whole body, while their presence is
most evident IN the bones they exist in
small amount in all parts of the body.
Bird Protein. This group is the most
valuable. A due supply of il is indis-
pensahle. White of an egg and lean meat
may be taken as good types OF protein
Nitrogen SENS to be the characteristic
element OF this group since il is not
found in the other three In addition 10
the lean meat, all the working machinery
of the body is very largely composed of it,
sth. Fat. Its proportion in the body seldom
rises above so per cent or falls below
per cent. The various feelings stuffs that
build uD and maintain the animal must
contain these same four groups of in
gradients found in the BODY, namely,
water. ash, protein and fat. In addition
TO these there is a fifth group of feeding
StuffS not found in the body called car
bohydrates. Good examples of this class
are starch, sugar and woody nber- 1t
is plain that the value of any feeding
stuff will depe.sc not only upon the
total amounts Of ths various ingredients
which II contains. Out dlS9 upon Tie per
cent of them which the animal is able TO
digest and assimilata. Both these facts
have been determined for most foods.
The actual feeding value of any forage
depends upon the poruon of its conten.
that is digestible. Under ordinary clrcum-
stances the supply of ash or mineral mat
ter in feeding stuffs is ample for all the
wants of the animal, ana we need not
be es Aecially concerned about II. Where
young animals pigs for example. are fed
mainly on a grain ration, 1t is best to give
rallz of
strong bone growth. Protein gives ma
teriaI for the growth of tissue. This
growth may be In actual increase of bulk
or ii may simply replace the waste. or it
may be the growth of wool or hair. or
the production of milk. For all these
purposes protein is Indispensable The
other groups. fat and carbohydrates. are
so much alike that they may be constd
cred together. They serve three Dur-
poses: LIST. They are burned up to supply
the heat TO keep the animal warm End.
They produce the force eXerted in the mo-
fions of the animal 3rd. The excess of
what is needed for heat or force goes to
the production and laying up Of fat
The relative amounts of protein and
carbohydrates and fat in a ration is an
important matter The ratio of the di-
geStible protein 10 the 0igeStible fat and
carbohydrates is called the ''nutritive
ratio" In straw the ratio is very wide:
in milk, peas and oil cake ii is narrow.
That is. feeding stuff that contains
large amount of carbohydrates and fat
and little protein is wide, and wise versa.
The amount of protein should vary ac-
cording 10 the object for which we feed |
If we are feeding for growth or milk pro-
auction more protein is needed than would |
be required for work or fattening: while |
in the latter barely enough is wanted to |
keep the animal tissue in repair.
The feeder should know not only what |
nutritive ratio is best for different pur- |
poses but how much food should be I
given 1t may be stated that there is no |
best ratio for fattening or milk Droduc- |
ton, but from practical experience it has
under average conditions for certain pur-
poses. These are called feeding standards |
In order not to limit the feeder to any |
particular kind of foods these standards |
bohydrates and fat Thus dairy cow of /
900 pounds weight has the following |
standard recommending: Dry matter, A5l |
pounds per day. This should contain |
OF oigesTible protein 2.l5 pounds. car
bOhydrates and fat 1874 pounds. which |
makes a nutritive ration of 1868. Any |
combination of suitable foods containing /
these amounts of dry and digestible mat /
tiers will make the desired ration. or one !
which corresponds in its essentials 10 the /
experience and practice of good dalrymen-
This exact ration may not give the best |
results with every dairy COW. but in
general way il is a reliable guide. Ad-
hitting that the experience of others
in establishing feeding standards is worth 1
following, we may easily avail ourselves
OF them by the use of little figuring.
We merely devise a mixture of available
foods which shall have the required bulk
as indicated by the dry matter in them,
and which shall contain the amount and
of digestible matter given in
the standard. There is a satisfaction in
knowing that we are following the gen
eral experience of good feeders in our
work While we cannot know that we
are feeding the very best ration for our
particular circumstances. yet there is
every probability that ration thus com
puted will give better results than are
usually obtained from the common hap /
hazard way of feeding. based on no bet
ter standard than market prices of what !
foods happen to be on hand.
The speaker went into A lengthy discus
sion OF the composition of the different !
Utah feeding stufIs. and their different
combinations in making up d ration
other points. the discussion en-
phasized the folly OF selling lucerne at
81 per ton and feeding Sc timothy the
former being a much superior feeding
stun as shown by its chemical compo-
sition.
EVENING SESSION.
\ very instructive and interesting
paper on THE Home and Its Sur
was read by Mrs. L. c.
Foster, which was followed by an ad-
dress or THE New Education" by
Professor Foster
Second Day.
MORNING SESSION.
Professor Samuel Fortier presented ;
l. ]