davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-07-21
How Sugar is Refined.


The raw sugar as it comes from the
vessels which bring it here from for
eign countries is dissolved in water
and pumped to the top of the refinery.
Here it is run into large tanks heated
by coils of steam pipes. Any cheml-
Gals necessary for coagulation are
then added. The syrup is heated al
most to the boiling point, and is run
down through long, narrow canvas
bags to the bone-black filters. These
are enormous cylinders filled with an
imal charcoal, through which the
syrup runs, and in the pores Of which
are deposited coloring matter and
other impurities. This bone-black or
animal charcoal is one of the great
est expenses the refinery has to bear,
sible. For this purpose, when the
pores Of the charcoal become filled
with impurities, (Which is indicated
by thesugar no longer coming through
coiorless), the filters are thoroughly
rinsed with water, and the charcoal is
removed and heated to bright redness
to carbonize all the remaining organic
matter. After slow cooling, this ere
vivifed' bone-black is very nearly as
good as when perfectly fresh.
From the filters, the now colorless
and well purified syrup is piped into
the crystalizing tanks or vacuum
pans. Here it is evaporated in par
tial vacuum until the sugar is almost
in a solid state with only about
enough liquid to give it pasty con-
sistency. The exact point at which
to stop the boiling is not easy to de-
termine, and the "boilers are very
valuable men.
The pasty mass is now run down
into centrifugal machines" which
are copper kettles with movable bot
toms, and capable of being very rap
idly rotated They are filled about
half full and are rotated swiftly, when
the water is quickly drained off, and
the sugar is deposited on the sides
of the vessel in a solid layer reaching
to the top During this opera ton, a
little blue colored water is sprinkled
over the sugar to neutralize the faint
yellow tint still present from the orig
inal syrup, and to give it the glisten-
ing white appearance supposed to in
dictate exceptional purity.
When the sugar is sufficiently dry,
the bottom of the kettle is raised, and
it is allowed to drop down upon the
''granulators," which completely ex-
pei moisture and reduce the sugar
CRYSTALS to a uniform size. These are
large revolving, circular sieves having
a slight slope toward the front. They
are fed from the rear with small
stream of sugar. It is only after pass
ing around the screen many times
that the sugar is allowed to drop Off
in front in a perfectly dry and uni
formly crystalline condition.
From the granulators, the sugar is
run directly into barrels or bags for
shipment. The barrels are supported
on frame which is given jig-like
motion. This serves to pack the
c11Oar ti0htIv
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-07-21
AL .IFE SAVED


Trout Tells of How His Daughters life Was Saved
be in Narrative.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-11-07

We were coming out and concluded to
push on at once. The terrible scenes
that were revealed to US shortly after
proved that our Judgment was good.
When we reached Shipman's cabin, on
top of Independence mountain, it was
nearly dark, but there we found the
remains of the old man, horribly mu-
tilated, near the hut, and 80 or 40 steps
away another poor fellow, named Van
Dyke, shot through the head.
This was evidently the work
of Colorow's band, still in their
! battle, not many miles away. The In
, dams had the thirst of blood on them,
and we now fully realize our peril.
We had 13 animals and their outfits of
animals. We got down the mountain as
quick as the Lord would let us, and
when we camped that night-slept with
our eyes open and were on guard
! through the night. The next morning
we went on to the North Platte, about
a. mile and a half from our camp. When
we arrived there, imagine our cOnster-
nation to find the ferry cable cut and
! found the corpses of two men by the
/ bank of the river. They were trappers.
! One was scalped and the other lay
dead, apparently looking UP into the
heavens. We learned afterwards that
/ seven more men had been killed by
/ ColOrOW S Danu IN the vicinity. me
river was very high and swift, but
we had to get over the stream. There
/ is no manner of doubt that we were
/ thoroughly panic-stricken. Some gath
cred together what plumber they could
carry, mounted horses and plunged into
! the stream. We had a terrible time
crossing the wagons, and some Of US
narrowly escaped drowning. We rushed
our train through to Laramie before
we began to breathe easily Among
/ those with US on the trip were Mr..
! Sloan, the elder, Tom Rutledge, Judge
| Whitehead. Billy Nuckolls, Frank Hun
/ ter and others of Cheyenne.
Judge Abney gave an intensely in
teresting description of the great coun-
Gil at the Red Cloud agency in 1876,
which is reserved for a special article.
The council, the largest ever held on
the American continent, was called to
treat for a cession of the Black Hills
country. About $4,000 Indians of the
various tribes were present, with 100000
ponies. Here was where Yellow Belly
made his famous Grafton and Little
Big Man made his Warlike rush and as
sault with 500 warriors.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-11-07

all Of what is now Wyoming, except a
corner on the Idaho line. The territory
was organized in the summer Of '6S,
and the election held in the fall of so.
There was not a single Republican
elected to the legislature at that time.
The population was composed largely of
southerners who came west to build up
their fortunes after being wrecked by
the war;
L believe you were elected to the
house at that timer"
Yes, and [ want to tell you that
that legislature made n great history.
We passed the woman suffrage act
Then you had hand in that event?"
Most asSuredly. l was the first man
to cast a vote for it, and I am proud
of the fact Not only that. 1 worked
for it early and late. I don't claim to
be an orator but determined to speak
on the question, and spent three weeks
connecting a speech in its favor. Dur
ing the delivery it happened that
was interrupted by Ben Sheiks of Uinta
county. This made me mad, and, for
getting all the nice things l had ar
ranged to say, l turned loose on the
opposition and gave 'em the best
had, off-hand. l suppose l made Rome
howl for awhile, so to speak. We passed
the bill, anyhow, and 1 shall always
look back with satisfaction on that
achievement as one of the grandest
victories of American Legislation"
What were your Indian experiences.
Mr.. Abney?"
Il have had all want in that line
more than you have space to relate"
Upon being asked to start in some
where, the judge told several exciting
and hair-raising tales. One of an at
tack on their train on the South
Platte trail near Ogallala by a band o.
| 400 savages. There. We're. So persons il
/ his party, and Mr.. Abney was il
charge of the train, having received
commission from Major Talbot, wht
was then a provost marshal at For
! Phil. Kearney, the commanders of tbs
| frontier forts at that time being in
structed to so organize and office
emigrant parties travelling in the Indian
country. Only large, weu-armed ant
organized parties were allowed to pro
coed during Indian outbreaks. In thi
case the wagons were parked and tn
attack repealed.
In 1870, on a trip to Hahn's peak
we had a mighty narrow escape witt
our Scalps," said Mr.. Abney. "Thir
teen of us were in; the party, going
through North Platte and around In
dependence mountain. We cut tn
road there now used for the mail road
Old Jim Baker was with US. On GU
way around the mountain we cam
upon a band of 12O Ute warriors, unde
old Chief Colorow, who we're engage
in a fight with band of CheyenneS
The Utes were posted along one of tn
ridges and in a hot engagement. W
halted before reaching them, an
ColorOW sent out two Of his Indian
to get US to join in the fight on tn
CheyenneS. We had a, council anon
ourselves and decided it would not Dc
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-11-07
ARMY PUNISHMENT.
Private Is Always Wrong and the
Officer Right

Washington Correspondence Cleve-
land Plain Dealer: AS a rule army
officers are defending Captain Lover
ing. who acknowledges that he cursed,
kicked and stabbed Private Hammond
because the latter disobeyed orders that
he considered Illegal. If there is such
a distinction in society in this country
as merits the name, army and navy
officers constitute it.
The officers who discuss the matter
do not say Lowering did exactly right
they say the treatment came within
the right of the officer to administer
such punishment as is necessary to en-
force discipline. They find fault with
him. however, in availing himself of his
right (right as they see iD in such a
way. Lowering was fool, they con-
tend, in doing anything to raise ouch a
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-11-07
FRONTIER DAYS IN WYOMING.
Some OF the Experiences of the Early Settlers Related
By James AbneY.

Cheyenne Sun-Leader: Hon. T G
Aoney, who deals ont justice at his
ofllce on Ferguson street with easy
grace and dignity, has had quite a var
led experience of frontier life. A lead
Ing question from the Sun-Leader man
put the gentleman in a reminiscent
mood, and he was persuaded to re-
Count some Of his early adventures
Yes" said the judge 81 came to
Cheyenne so years ago. Hank Reel
and bullwhacked together in early
days. first crossed the plains in 1861,
starting from Savannah. Mo-, on the
first of April Cno joke intended)-
started for Pixies peak, but struck
DenVer nrst. had a big OK train Of
I'VE yoke teams TO each wagon, loaded
with ham, bacon, butter, eggs, lard, etc.
The Indians were friendly on that trip.
1 sold out my stock in Denver and you
may say l had a pretty good grub
stake" that is, took back with me q
pounds of gold dust in the fall That
seemed to be the principal currency
IN those days. 1 had in the meantime
sent east and bought another lot of
goods, establishing stores at Central
CITY and Denver. went back to my
home in Missouri in December of 81.
The rebellion has broken out and the
excitement got hold of me, and with the
rest of the boys, 1 mingled in that
trouble for awhile. Then [ had a new
grippe Of the western fever, and
started to cross the plans with a bull
train, going first TO Fort Laramie. From
there l went to Julesburg and opened a
livery stable. When the Cheyenne boom
started l had to join the caravan, of
course. Having little speculation in
view, l bought and shipped II houses
from Julesburg to this city. Four of
them We're bought originally in Chi
cago, being completed in sections and
ready to put up at once and bolted to-
gether. The others were frame houses
Tney brought me a big rental income
for q few years, but were finally de-
stroyed in the fires of 1870 and 1874 and
Gfterward. Cheyenne was a hot town
in 81 and '6S I was running a livery
stable and attending strictly to bust
ness. l had all sorts of people for Gus
toners, and the charges We're not quite
so modest as in these DAYS.
The work Of the vigilantes, who or
ganized in December, 1867, seemed tc
help my business. Men would come tC
me with a piece of paper ornamenteC
with the device of skull and cross-bones
and bearing an Inscription of this kind
Get out of this town in two hours O.
course, the recipients of these tender
7nissiyes were mighty anxious to git.
They would hurriedly hasten to m!
stable, and the negotiations were quite
brief. For q specified sum 1 would fur
nish them With a conveyance and
driver who would take them to tn,
) nearest railroad station, where they
could take the train and leave tbs
country.
Laramie county then covered nearI!
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-11-07

Salt Lake, has made a great hit on
the coast
Young Hermann, accompanied by the
San Francisco doing all the late
wizards feats.
Verona Jarbeau and the Castle
Square opera company are among the
attractions which have gone down thus
early in the season.
The notorious E. ]. Radcliffe has gone
on the variety stage. He has Joined
fortunes with Ethel Chase Sprague.
The team is known as SDrague and
Radcliffe
Juliette Gordon, the well-known
prima donna, sailed for London ON the
st. Paul last Wednesday, She will re-
main in London for a brief season and
will then visit Paris and other CONT
Mental cities.
E. II. Sothern will soon put in re-
hearsal Glen McDonough and Louis
Shipman's dramatization of Thack-
eray's Henry Esmond," which he con-
1 templates producing during his forth
coming Philadelphia engagement.
Nat C. Goodwin, it is said, may pre-
sent one act of 1.-The Merchant of Ven
| ice," with himself as Shylock and
Maxine Elliott as Portia, at the an
/ nual performance for the benefit of the
actors fund.- at the Broadway theatre,
/ on Dec. s.
Mr.. J. F. Wells of this city is back
from New York. He says he saw Ada
! Dwyer in ''Pudd' nhead Wilson" al
| Troy, and that she makes an excellent
Roxy. Young Mayo is doing good
work as his fathers successor and the
| piece is making big money.
a San Francisco writer says: I read
that Helena Modjeska-one of the five
! living actresses who are really great
declines to play in New York this sea-
/ son, and gives as her reason that she
can find better appreciation of her art
in any other city in America.
Mirror: Ruth Eldredge of Salt Lake
City and Adam Darling, jr., of Denver
have published their tragedy, Par
sina," founded upon Lord Byron:
poem of the same name. The play
preserves admirably the purpose anC
power of the original work. Each o
the four publications mentioned con
tains a reprint Of the new copyright
clause concerning piracy.
Mirror: De Wolf Hopper, JOIN
Philip Sousa and Charles Klein met il
Boston last week and the plans of TIL
latter gentlemen for their new opera
to be called The Charlatan," wer
finally approved. The work is to b.
completed during the next few months
Arrangements nave been made by MI
Hopper's management to produce it a
the Knickerbocker theatre in Septem
Der next.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-11-07

c. NJ. Harris, the violin virtuoso, has
opened a studio at the Templeton. No.
Ala. He has had the best instructions
in America and Europe, having studied
with S. E. Jacobesson, Chicago, and e.
Wirth, of Berlin.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-11-07

recommend a reprimand for Lowering,
but that Secretary Alger will not be
satisfied with that; that he will ask for
the officers dismissal.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-11-07
DRAMATIC AND LYRIC,

Continued from page ID
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-11-07

Salt Lake, has made a great hit on
the coast.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-04-22
ALMETA RUSSELL'S DEATH.
Suspicious Circumstances Surroun,
ing 1t to BE Investigated.

Suspicious Circumstances Surround
ing 1t to Be Investigated.
Special Dispatch to Tie Evening Star
FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE, Va, April
22.-Mr. J. w. RUSSELL who resides near
Burke's station, Fairfax county, was here
yesterday to consult with the common
wealth's attorney, James NJ. Love, with
reference to the prevailing report that his
daughter, Almeta Russell, who died March
%. had been foully dealt with Almeta
had been living with the family of Peter
Wagner since her mother died, several
years ago. and it has been currently re-
ported that she was ill-treated by Wagner
1t is declared now that those who laid out
the young woman's body say there were
marks of violence on her side. DR.. W. p
Moncure, who attended Almeta. saw her
the day before she died. He says she was
suffering from a fever. which he did not
consider serious, and did not make crit
ical examination. He says he met Wag-
ner on his way home in an Intoxicated
condition as he was returning from the lat
ter's house Mr.. Russell is considering the
propriety of having the body of his daugh-
ter exhumed and medically examined
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-04-22

10 expel the Greeks from Turkish territory
at the expiration of the fortnight's notice
given them to leave. when diplomatic rela-
tons between Turkey and Greece were
severed on last Saturday. Many Greeks,
however, are already leaving.
There is much concern among the Turk
ish government officials on account of Bull
saria's persistent claims for berats Coz five
additional Bulgarian bishops in Macedonia
and for the appointment of Bulgarian COM
mercial agents at Uskub and Monastir.
The Bulgarian representative here d.
Marhof. had an audience with the suit an
on the subject. and Informed his majesty
that unless the berats were conceded by
Friday next Bulgaria would begin to
bobilize her army on Saturday. The sultan
promised to grant the berats, but asked
Bulgaria to be patient until the war with
Greece Is over. His majesty also granted
Bulgar.a's request for permission to ap-
point commercial agents at Uskub ind
Nnaastir.
In spite of this tie Bulgarian represents
tive yesterday presented an ultimatum at
the Yildiz Kiosk, and. subsequently, the
Russian embassy informed the Bulgarian
representative that the moment was in
opportune for insisting upon the sultan
granting the berats. adding that Russia
would not support the demand IL the Bull
sarian army was mobilized, and that the
responsibility for The consequences would
fall exclusively upon Bulgaria.
An official notice just published orders
all vessels flying the commercial ensign
of Greece to leave Ottoman waters within
a fortnight from Saturday last, April IL,
the day of the severance Of diplomatic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-04-22
CURIOUS FOREIGN TERMS.
The Government Compilation Of
Weights aud Measures Phraseology.
From The New York Timas

From the New York Times.
For the purpose of assisting the trades
men of this country to a proper under
standing of the weights and measures In
countries with which the United States
has established trade relations. the State
Department in Washington recently caused
a compilation to be made of foreign weights
and measures with their American equiva-
Tents. This compilation contains some Gu
rious as well Instructive features.
The word candy in India means 800
pounds in Madras, and so pounds in Bonn
bay. The word barrel in Spain means
100 pounds of raisins, while in Malta IL is
customs phrase for eleven and four
tenths gallons Dun is japanese for
one inch, and IL is Chinese for 21I5
feet. In Germany the word last means
two metric tons, or 4,iS1 pounds, while In
England it stands for SLY bushels of dry
malt. A person who said Pie in the Ar
genuine Republic would describe nine-tenths
of foot and the person using the word
Sho" in Japan would designate one and
six-tenths of a quart.
Rottle' In Palestine means 6 pounds
and in Syria 81 pounds. Seer is Indian
for 1 pound ID ounces; "Salm'' is Maltese
for 400 pounds and "Pood" is Russian for
SO pounds. A ''Catty" in China, Japan
and Java means about 1-3 pounds, while
in Sumatra II indicates about 1-S pounds
'Coyan" is Sarawak for 3 pounds and
Siamese for about 2k pounds. "Fanega"
Is common unit of dry measure In South
and Central America; 1t means ~ bushels
in Chile. 3.SS bushels In Uruguay, III bush
els i'll Venezuela, " bushels in Mexico and
about the same in Cuba. "Arroba'' means
81 l.S pounds in Brazil and % l-3 pounds
in the Argentine Republic. 'Arshine'' is
Russian for IS inches, and "ArteI' in Mo-
rocco means LIZ pounds.
In Denmark and Sweden some queer
rames prevail with widely different mean
frgs. although the pund (pound) Is the pop
ular unit of weight in both countries In
Denmark "Tonde" means 3.94 bushels, and
Tondeland" means 1876 acres Gent
and 1871 pounds in Sweden. In the last
named country 'Tunna" describes AZ BUSH
els, and "Tunnland" 122 acres NH"
In Denmark means 46S miles, Blu" in
Japanese is one-tenth of an inch and TO
In the same language Is 2 pecks. Tan
is Japanese for one-Quarter of an acre.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1897-04-22

Progress Of the Congressional lnvesti-
atiSp of Them
GENERAL : : HOSPITALS CONSIDERED
General Stenaberg Explains About
Providence Hospital.
THE EASTERN DISPENSARY

At the charities hearing this afternoon
before the Congressional committee the
subject OF inquiry was general hospitals.
Those to be heard were officers of the
Homeopathic Hospital. officers of Garfield
Hospital, officers of Freedmen's Hospital,
officers of Providence Hospital. The"topics
were: Is there duDlication in the work of
the District hesDitals? Why should not
the District share the expense of Garfield
Hospital and of Providence Hospital?
Should the work Of the hospitals be super
vised by District authorities? Should the
control Of Freedmen's Hospital remain
with the Secretary of the Interior? Con-
tagious diseases in hospitals. Training
schools. for nurses. The salaries of the
hospital staff.
The next hearing will be Monday at z
O'CLOCK and the program will be as fol-
lows: Subject: Charitable Work for Young
Women To be heard: Officers OF the Wo>
mans Christian Association; officers Ct
Young Woman's Christian Home; officers
OF the Association Of Works of Mercy: OH
GERS Of the Hope and Help Mission; officers
Of the House of the Good Shepherd.
Topics-Temporary homes for young wo-
men seeking employment. The need Of
several institutions The work of the
institutions. How far should this work be
maintained by the public? Is there dupli-
cation in this work?
1t was 2:15 o'clock before the hearing be-
gan. and then Mr.. c. C. Lancaster, presi-
dent of the board Of directors of the East
ern Dfspensary was heard. He said the
dispehsary supplied the needs of the poor
OF East Washington who were not able to
get down to the Central Dispensary Mr.
Lancaster told of the organization of the
dispensary and Of the work which was
accomplished last year. The average cost
or the treatment of patients last year was
ne said, Is cents each. He said that the
dispensary worked for charity alone and
DID not treat people who could afford to
pay for medical attention elsewhere He
said strict precautions were taken to see
that orly worthy people were treated and
when there was a doubt In the matter it
was resolved In favor of the dispensary and
the application refused
Mr.. Lancaster said that an emergency
hospital is needed for East Washington
Surgeon General Sternberg was then
heard in behalf of Providence Hospital.