The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-03-07

permanent paving material in cities. It is
probable that a few brick manufacturers
may succeed in standardizing the quality
form and size of paving bricks, and thus
produce definite, reliable and economic re-
suits. In brick paving the best is certainly
the cheapest.
Coal tar, under whatever name alone or
In mixture, should not enter into the
wearing surface of pavements Under the
name OF vulcanite ii has entered some
cities to their cost.
Wooden block pavements in this moist
climate would be expensive and I'M
healthy.
The materials used as successful wear
ing surfaces are certain granite, granitoid,
syenite and quartzite blocks. Transporta-
ton is so expensive that certain uuarries
are not available for serving some cities
A Few kinds of asphalt pavements have
proven of much value Washington Ruf-
falo, Philadelphia, New York and some
eighty other cities in this country, as well
as the great capitals of Europe demon
strate the advantage of good asphalt pave
ments.
Specifications describing in detail how
different kinds of pavements should be
laid ought to be had free upon application
to the department of works or engineer
of every city and county doing paving
work 1t is a good plan to distribute
copies of these specifications freely to the
newspapers and prominent citizens. There
is no greater check upon dishonest or in
competent work, no greater assistance to
an honest administration.
City sidewalks cannot receive too much
attention. The first requirement is a good
curb or border stone, set upon a concrete
or brick or sand support so firmly that
vehicles cannot displace it. 1t is a mis-
take to have a curb rise more than to 6
inches above the gutter. A shallow gut
ter compels good street cleaning. 1t ia
cilitates crossing the street on foot at
any point. Deep cutters are not neces-
sary for storm-drainage. A city which
can pave can have storm sewers. The
vertical face of a curb should form an
angle with the street pavement The
pavement of the street should not be
rounded up toward the curb with stone or
other material This makes an unslghtIy,
inconvenient gutter-one that cannot he
kept clean.
There are many varieties OF materials
1 both natural and artificial that make good
sidewalks when properly laid. The en-
gineer is the best judge of what is the
most suitable in each particular place.
suburban and country roads are best
constructed as a rule from telford, mac
adam, gravel or she'll A brick descrip-
ton of these is sufficient.
telford road is constructed as follows:
The roadbed is thoroughly sub and side
GRAINED with proper provisions made and
put in place for carrying off the water,
graded, excavated, and compactly rolled
and Is then covered with large spalls, or
lSidney-shaped stones, from to s inches
deep, placed close together on end. The
interstices are wedged full Of smaller
stones. The upper portion Of the road
way Is then constructed of a layer of
crushed stone 3 to inches deep, with an
other layer OF finer crushed stone for a
wearing surface. The whole mass Is COM
pacted by repeated rolling during con-
struction.
macadam roadway is constructed in
the same way. except that large spalls or
foundation stones are omitted and the
thickness Of the underlying crushed stone
is increased. From 6 to 10 inches is the
usual depth OF the wearing surface when
completed
The preparation of the roadbed for a
gravel or she'll roadway should be the same
as that for a telford or macadam The
chief quality to be sought for IN gravel Is
the property OF binding. The binding prop
critics are two: the presence of ferrugi-
nous clay, which causes the gravel TO set
or become hard as soon as exposed 10 the
action OF the atmosphere; and the angu-
lar shapes OF the stones. Gravel with
smooth surfaces worn round OF oval by
the action Of water never forms a good