davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04
Dairy and Creamerv-

Vegetable gardeners have found there
is refuse enough ON their farms to feed
several cows, and that keeping them
pays well in connection with the added
fertility which the COW brings to the
soil. A butter factory in the vicinity of
a large tract of vegetable gardens is the
right thing. Where there is no cream
cry and the vegetable raisers have a re-
tail trade they can add delicious butter,
cream and pot cheese to their goods and
make money in two ways.
A milk aerator is a necessity on every
farm where cows are kept. So is a milk
cooler.
An expert declares that after butter
tub has once become moldy it is impos-
slble even by steaming and sandpaper-
ing ever to clean and purify it again.
Put up in big letters at the entrance
to every door in the creamery or in your
milroom if you keep private dairy,
likewise in the COW stable, the SIGN.
No smoking. .
The cooperative creamery at Shafer
Mimi, is most successful one, selling
some months over s, 900 pounds Of but
ter. During last June its patrons got IA
cents a pound for their butter, and the
creamery used up 10000 pounds Of
milk
When cheese is in the curing room,
every day when you turn it brush all
the surface over very thoroughly and
stiffiy to rub off any eggs Of the cheese
fly that may have been deposited there.
The cheese Fly is fond of laying its eggs
in cracks. aud these must be very care
fully watched If shippers make their
appearance in these cracks in spite of
your care, cut the walls of the crack
entirely out to remove every egg or
skipper Then get some soft cheese and
fill the crack out even with the surface.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04
EASTERN SWINE INDUSTRY.
The Popular Breeds Some Common Mis-
tatxea--,prof4tafle Producfio,, ~ Pork

The Popular Breeds Some Common Mis-
takes Profitable Production of Pork.
The breed is quite as important as
the feed in raising hogs for market. and
farmers who go into the business ought
to acquaipt themselves with the wants
of the customers. With view to she'd
ding light on the subject are here APP
pended some remarks from the Philadel-
phia Record of an instructive and help
full character:
The Berkshire has long been famous
as superior breed for the production
of choice hams, while the Essex, also a
black hog, has the reputation Of produc-
ing the best side meat. For long
period of time the Chester Whites Of
Pennsylvania had reputation second
to no other breed, when large carcasses
were the rule, but to adapt them to fit
the conditions required for market they
were improved by crosses with the
Yorkshire and Suffolk, the result being
sacrifice of hardness and a reduction
in size, but marked improvement in
their general quality.
OF recent years the Jersey Reds and
Poland Chinas have come to the front,
both breeds being hardy, but they are
rapidly falling behind from the prac-
tice of inbreeding by some of the breed
ers, who have established lines of pedi-
grees. Farmers who have been success
full have used coarse sows which have
proved to be good mothers, resorting to
pure bred males, but they have not been
as careful in properly mating their stock
as they should, as they have bred from
animals too young and thus reduced the
vigor of their herds. Some breeds, like
the Chester Whites, thrive better than
others in cold climates, while the black
breeds Essex, Berkshire and Poland
China-are better adapted to the south.
The theory that corn is the principal
source from which pork must be pro-
duced has done harm, not that corn has
failed to hold its high position in that
respect, but that farmers have not avail
ed themselves of the waste products Of
the farm as assistants to corn. Losses
have also resulted from the use of corn
exclusively, digestion and disease occur
ring because of lack of variety in the
food. Some farmers turn their pigs
ON the clover fields, but dislike to do so
owing to the roofing up of the fields by
the animals.
1t has been demonstrated at several
experiment stations that by growing
forage crops and using the waste prod
ucts of the dairy the cost of pork on
eastern farms can be made as low as in
the west, including the slaughtering and
preparing the hogs for market, as the
farmer cannot compete in that respect
with the large packing houses that are
supplied with labor saving machinery,
but there are seasons when the farmer
is really idle, and his labor possesses no
value at all unless he can apply it. 1t
will pay to raise hogs that can be sold
in less than year or if the winter ex-
penses can be avoided Hence pig far
rowed in April and sold in December
has eight months of moderate weather
in it's favor for foraging, which reduces
the amount of corn required and saves
much labor to the farmer at the time
he is busy with his crops.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04

The Ohio station, after careful inves-
third Of the money which the average
Ohio farmer is paying for his fertilizers
goes toward the cost of persuading him
to buy" It says that persons may save
from 80 to so per cent of the cost of
their fertilizers by purchasing the ma
terials and mixing them (when mixing
is necessary at home. An Indiana
farmer says in letter to Rural New
Yorker: perhaps some figures may be
in order to show just what saving there
is in buying materials ready for mix
ing. I use from two to three carloads of
fertilizer and find no trouble in buying
materials at the prices quoted. A good,
complete fertilizer for corn or wheat on
clay lands in this section of the country
should contain about 10 per cent of
available phosphoric acid, per cent of
ammonia and 2 per cent of potash. Fer
tilizers containing about this proportion
of available plant food have been retail
ing in a regular way from $23 to $25
per ton In the past two years have
pract1ced nome mixing, and lind that
! get this same grade goods for from
SIT to $18. The work of mixing what
we need on the farm is easily and
quickly done with shovel on the barn
floor. We need no expensive machine,
as there is no mystery about it, as some
would have us believe. .
A writer in The National Stockman
says: Eastern farmers are rapidly
learning to buy the materials and do
their own mixing. have found no diff
ficulty In buying small lots of the vari-
GUS materials at a reasonable price, and
any schoolboy can figure out the pro-
portions needed to make the fertilizer
conform to any desired formula. A big
saving in fertilizer bills is possible to
many farmers, and the money thus
saved might come handy"
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04

We believe that usually as fast as
the corn is husked out the stalks should
be only left day or two if the weather
promises to be fine and be then at once
drawn to the barn. 1t may be supposed
that while there is still SO much juice
in the stalk there will be great danger
of the stalks fermenting. But if the
stalks have been free from rainfall for
week before all the heating they will
get will only make the outer coating of
the stalk less hard and will therefore
enable the stock to eat a greater portion
Of it. We have seen cows greedily eat
stalks from the NOW in winter that had
fermented even to the point of mildew-
ing, while stalks thrown loosely on the
seaffold and which had never reached
fermentation were dry and tasteless.
The truth is that the outside of the
cornstalk is so hard that some fermen-
tation is an advantage to it. We are
used to saying that all fermentation i'm
plies some destruction of nutrition
This is doubtless true in the silo. But
making the stalks easier for stock to eat
much more than conpensates for the
waste caused by slight fermentation
either in the NOW or in the silo.-
American Cultiyator
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04
Canliflowers For late use.

Caulifowers for late use can easily be
grown by utilizing some of the cold
frames. Prepare bed the size of the
frame intended to be used by manuring
with well decomposed dung, forking it
over deeply, and on soils liable to club
root add sprinkling Of fresh air slaked
lime In this bed set out, 18 inches
apart each way, well established plants
that have been previously transplanted.
Cultivate often, water thoroughly when
necessary. As soon as cold weather is
at hand set the frame in position, leav-
ing on the sashes on cold nights and
days All the air possible should be ad-
mitted whenever the weather is con
genial by raising the sash at the rear
or higher part. This should always be
done when the temperature outside is
over 40 degrees In mild seasons this
excellent vegetable can usually be had
by this method until Christmas, if prop
erly attended to- For this purpose there
Is no better variety than good strain
of the Early SNOWFALL. says American
Gardening.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04
NASTY and Borrible Practices.

There is nothing more disgusting,
even to the uncivilized man, than the
thought of feeding on the ordure of ami
mails, either indirectly or directly. The
higher class of animals have a similar
natural instinct, and none but the pig
or the domestic fowl will touch the vile
stuff or even otherwise good food that
is tainted by it. And the modern dis
coveries in biology and pathology all go
to show that this instinct is one of the
safeguards against the deadly diseases
that result from the consumption of the
impure matters referred to. It is only
necessary to refer to the modern knowl-
edge of the nature of typhoid fever in
the human race, and of the most deadly
of diseases of the lower animals, espe-
cially of the SO called cholera and tu-
berculosis, both known to be communi-
Gated by the taking into the animals of
the germs of these diseases in the food,
to put this matter in clear light be-
fore reasonable persons. And there is
no economy in this practice of filthy
feeding, for the chemist has shown us
that these refuse matters of the foods of
cows or horses are positively worth as
much or more for the feeding of plants
as the original substances themselves.
The higher the scale of civilization
among mankind, the more particular
people are as to the cleanliness and
purity of their food. 1t is one of the
most favorable and attractive tenets of
the Jewish religion that-to apply a
we'll known adage to it-cleanliness is
next to godliness, for the ancient ritual
debarred the Jews wholly from the
flesh of swine, and this doubtless from
the very conspicuous examples of the
filthy habits of feeding of these unclean
animals to be observed by people liv-
ing in tents, without the conveniences
of other settled ways of living, notwith-
standing the excellent sanitary regula-
tions enjoined on them by their prophet
Surely we should in these enlightened
days, when the reason for it is we'll
known, practice the same indispensable
cleanliness in the feeding of the ami
mails that are used by us for food and
wholly discard this disagreeable if not
deadly practice of feeding pigs or poul-
try on manure. M. D. in Country Gen
tleman.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04
HER ACCOUNT DoCToRED.
This Girl Kept an Expense Book and Lost
Husband.

This Girl Kept an Expense Book and Lost
Husband.
There is North Side girl who has
laudable ambition to know just where
her money goes. She has tried two OF
three times to keep mental track of her
expenditures, but this always proved
unsatisfactory. At last she decided that
she must keep an exact and minute ac-
count of everything she spent She got
herself a small book with rulings and
margins and pliable cover and set to
work in earnest. She put down reli-
giously everything she spent, the exact
amount the article and the date. She
never allowed the slightest matter to go
till there was chance of her forget
ting it. When she made any purchases
down town, she went over the list care
fully in the car on her way home and
put the amounts on the outside of
package. In this way she succeeded in
keeping very satisfactory record of
her expenditures.
There was only one drawback. She
was forever leaving the book around.
OF course there are great many people
who are only too glad to read such
things. The servant would see it. The
man who came to tune the piano might
easily have done it if he liked, and she
did not know whether he had or not. A
neighbor had once picked it up on the
lawn in front of the house and brought
it in, but what was worse than all the
rest was the fact that a couple of girl
friends perused it one day. There were
some things which she had talked q
good deal about that she got for down
right bargains. In fact, after this catas-
trophe everything on her record seemed
to be shamefully cheap. However, she
was unwilling to give up the bookkeep-
ing, and if she didn't carry notebook
around with her she would certainly
forget something, SO she bethought her
self Of another expedient. She determin-
ed for the purpose of mystifcation to
multiply everything she put down by
ten-that is, to add cipher to each en-
try. LII this way she could always tell
that every item really cost one-tenth of
what appeared on the book. After this
she didn't care who saw it.
There is lot at the side of her IA
theirs house and rustic seat. One day
she left the book on this seat In the
evening the young man who had about
concluded to ask her hand in marriage
came along. Henoticed the book, picked
it up and looked through it carelessly.
He was amazed. She had always claim
ed to be such prudent girl, and he had
believed she was. Still there he saw:
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04
SHIRE eELD1NG EPSON.

still in the prime of his usefulness as a
great drawer of heavy loads. The Shire
or black dray horse of England is the
heaviest of the equine family. AS a
rule animals of this breed are II hands
high before they are years old. They
are produced in the fens or level district
of Lincolnshire. When young, they are
worked on farRs till they attain full
size. Then they are too big to be used
on the farm and are sent to the London
market to be bought by owners of breed
ers and by others who want horses for
the heaviest kind Of hauling. They are
much used ON the docks at the various
seaports.
They are too incorrigibly slow, how
ever, and too big and clumsy to be used
except where the greatest pulling pow
er, without reference to time, is wanted.
Good old EPSON is brewer horse and
one of the best pullers in England, be-
sides being of the finest blood of his
breed
The second illustration represents an
other British draft horse, though not so
heavy as the Shire.
In the London cart horse parade this
year there were prizes offered for the
best specimens Of the Suffolk breed, and
the animal in the picture is one that
took medal
From its round, compact body the
Suffolk horse is often called the Suffolk
Punch The Suffolk horse throws all
his weight into his collar when he has
load and will pull till he drops dead.
The average height of the breed is is
hands, and these horses incline to be of
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04
THE MANAGER.
How Much Pay Should a Creamery Super
intendent Receive?

How Much Pay Should a Creamery Super
intendent Receive?
The Creamery journal sent letters of
inquiry to a large number of creamery
managers asking how much pay they
got and whether they thought they re-
ceived enough money for their services.
The answers showed in almost every
case that the manager received no ade-
quate compensation for the large round
of duties required of him. A creamery
manager cannot be successful unless he
gives his whole time to the factory, and
that he cannot do unless he has salary
enough to support him and his family
in comfort and have something left
over. Either he must neglect the cream
cry or let his family go half fed and
clothed.
The Creamery Journal says on this
subject and on one or two other impor-
tant points:
The subject is of great Importance,
as many students of the operative
system as carried on in this country at
present agree that it is a dangerous
rock on which many creamery has
been stranded.
The question is, Is it possible to con-
duct business involving the manufac-
ture of, say, $50, 900 worth Of delicate
and perishable product properly and
without loss year after year at an ex-
pense for supervision and management
Of from $75 to $3.50 year? Would any
individual conducting business of
similar magnitude in any line intrust
the management Of it to an employee SO
poorly paid for his services? Is it rea-
sonable to expect farmer who has his
own farm to look after Gas most of them
have) to devote his best energies and
thought to the management of cream
cry, assuming all of the responsibilities
of the Office year after year, for the mis-
cradle pittance of $75 per annum?
A prominent New York buyer and
exporter tells us that while in Chicago
recently he sent out % kilograms to CO.
operative creamery managers, making
them an offer of from one-fourth to one
half cent per pound more than they
were getting for their product and re-
questing an answer by wire. He re-
ceived in the course of two days two
replies, one by letter and the other by
telegraph. He wanted to contract for a
large amount of goods and with re-
sponsible house back of him, and au-
thority to pay price that would glad
ly be snapped up by any good business
man, he felt confident that he could
quickly do the business
Why did the secretaries not reply?
Why were they and why are they in
nine cases out of ten Indifferent to any
kind of business proposition which in
wolves their personal responsibility?
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04
Banking Celery.

Here is what American Cultivator
has to say on the banking of celery: 1T
is best to tie string around the tops,
drawing the stalks as closely together
as possible. This not only prevents the
celery from rusting because of dirt get
ting between the leaves, but the plants
can be packed much closer and handled
more easily. A small rubber band will
save more than its extra cost over string
in the greater ease with which it can
be applied. 1t is also better, as it will
draw the stalks closer after they are
taken from the ground, and thus give
the celery a fresher appearance. Where
stalks are thus bound not much bank
ing is required A wide board on each
side and running to nearly point at the
top shuts out the light. 1t also keeps
the plant dry, SO that it is warmer in
side, and the celery blanches faster than
if covered with soil. which is likely to
chill the plant.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04
Crooked moldboards For plows.

An Ohio Farmer in a communication
to National Stockman writes:
The other day | was watching the
effect of land roller in field, part of
which had been broken with a pillow
that had a crooked moldboard and part
with plow having straight mold
board. The ground was broken when
dry and hard, but the crooked mold
board SO crushed and ground the soil
while turning it that the roller left it
in quite a little better condition than
that which was wedged over with a
straight moldboard The latter draws
the easier, but it pulyerizes less. The
more crooked the moldboard the more
crushing the soil gets while being
broken.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04

CORN SMUT.
Is 1t Injurious to Gather? What Experts
Say Prevention of Smut.


Is 1t Injurious to Cattle?-What Experts
Prevention of Smut.
The idea is prevalent that corn smut
is injurious to cattle. Many farmers be-
lieve that the so called cornstalk dis
ease is due in part at least to smut. If
at such times any COWS aborted, it was
usually attributed to the smut. Some
years ago, in order to test this matter
and learn something definite about it,
the Wisconsin experiment station un-
dertook the experiment of feeding cows
corn smut and noting the effect. Sever
al cows were in the test. 1t was COM
menced by feeding each COW daily q
small quantity and gradually increas-
ing it till each had large amount.
The COWS were closely watched, and
the experiment continued for several
weeks, No bad effects were observed
except with one COW. She ate an i'm
mense quantity.
Similar experiments have been made
at the Ohio, Illinois, Nebraska and 9TH
er experiment stations, and in none of
them have any bad results been reported.
The latest experiment of the kind Of
which we have any record was made by
Professor Clinton D. Smith of the Mich
igan experiment station. Professor
Smith sums up his report as follows:
1.-THE conclusion which can safely be
drawn from the experiment is that
where cows are gradually brought into
the habit of consuming large quantities
of smut il does not seem hurtful to
them. Whether the same thing would
be true where cows unaccustomed to
smut suddenly gain access to large
quantities of it must remain for future
experiment. 1t is safe to say, however,
that any quantity of smut that would
be at all likely to exist in cornfield or
ON the stalks, as fed under normal CON
ditions to cows, would not be dangerous
to the health Of the animals.
c. P. Goodrich, writing to The Prai-
RE Farmer, says that his experience is
that stock can't get enough smut in the
ensilage to do them the least hurt.
When it comes to turning cattle in a
stalkfeld that has great deal of smut
in it, the case may be different. He
does not, however, approve of neglect
ing means of preventing smut which
decreases the yield of corn. He says:
Scientists tell us that smut is fungus
that is propagated from spores that are
in the ground or in the seed corn, and
that the smut that is left in the corn
field this year or hauled out in manure
from cattle that have been fed smutty
corn will be likely to make more smut
next year. If that is the case, it may
pay farmer to gather up all the smut
and destroy it rather than have it left
on the ground. The smut spores in the
seed corn can be killed by soaking it in
blue vitriol, and by changing crops SO
as not to have corn several years in sue
cession on the same ground there will
be less liability of growing smut. "
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1897-11-04
JEWELRY JoTTINGS.


There exists quiet demand for colored
diamonds,
Popular among the English for brides
maids gifts are brooches or bracelets,
bearing the all important date,
Shell combs which have their value en-
HANGED with diamonds and pearls continue
to be fashionable for full dress,
Very effective are the long chains in
which American pearls alternate with lit
tie enameled beads of gorgeous color.
Ball shaped trinkets are being attached
to chain bracelets, Sometimes the trinket
is finely eolored stone cut in ball form.
The demand continues for iewelry in
which turquoises, plivines and sapphires
are employed in association with diamonds.
The Russian blouse craze has given a
tremendous boom to jeweled girdles, belts
and buckles, When price is no object,
these accessories are enriched with gems.
--.Tewelers' Circular