davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
(AWSONCITYBURNE
Cews of a Great Disaster to the
Town on the Yukon.
'ACEERS SAY THE STORY is TRUE.
they Brought Over the skagguay Trail
the First Tidings of the Catastrophe
Said to Have Visited Joseph La
dues Goldfeld Metropolis.

VANCOUVER, B. c., Sept. 29.-The
fInion Steamship company's steamer
roouitlan, just arrived from Skagguay
brings the report that Dawson City, in
HE Klondike, was burned about three
weeks ago.
Captain Freeman of the Coquitland
says that he heard the report just be-
lore leaving Skagguay. Some men were
said to have come up the Yukon to
Lake Bennett with the news. Packers
brought the story over the trail.
Captain Freeman received no conir-
nation of the report, although he said
II was persistently reported to him by
Klondikers in Skagguay.
Dawson City, on the Yukon, has been
the most important point in the new
mining regions. Joseph Ladue, the
founder of this little city, which was
built almost like magic and populated
by the settlers from four or five of the
old localities, says that the population
In June of this year exceeded 1000. He
estimated that by June of next year the
population would have increased to at
least $4,000, so favorably located is the
town.
\ Dawson City became the natural dis
n tributing point for supplies intended for
consumption in the Klondike region.
The city boasted sawmill, stores and
Presbyterian. Methodist, Baptist and
Roman Catholic churches. Mr.. Ladue,
In speaking of his experience in Daw-
son, says:
Strangely enough, and as if by some
stroke of good fortune, I had come
down the river about the same time Nc
Cormack left Gold Bottom and had
picked out a town site where Dawson
City now stands, a little more than a
mile from the Bonanza creek claims.
commenced erecting the first house in
that region on Sept. 1, 1896. Within six
months from that date there were more
than 500 houses erected, which included
stores, supply stations, hotels, restau-
rants, saloons and residences. hold
17S acres, while the other % are the
property of the government"
The houses of Dawson were built of
wood, and a great many of the miners
contented themselves even with tents.
The dangers of the spreading of fire
should a blaze ever start in the town
were great but there was no other ma
terial at hand from which buildings
could be put up in the limited time
which elapsed from the discovery of
the riches to the formation of city.
The Importance of the news from
Dawson City, holding as it does the key
to the comfort and even the life of the
miners of the Yukon district, cannot
easily be overestimated. If the town
has been destroyed, the news will mean
the working of inestimable hardship to
the thousands who are wintering in the
wilds and are depending upon the
Dawson supplies for the necessaries Of
life. Great privation and loss of life
are sure to follow the destruction of
Dawson
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
KILLED THEM IN A RAGE.
Bad Temper Brings on Wallace Christian
the Brand Of Cain.

MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. Sept. 2S.-W.
J. Christian, a contractor. in a fit OF
murderous rage shot and instantly KILL
ed Horace F. Pritchard of New York
city, who, with Constable Manning OF
Wurtsboro, was serving legal papers on
him. Then Christian turned his pistol
on the constable and shot him twice.
mortally wounding him.
This happened in front of Christians
cottage, in the handsome grounds of the
Sullivan County club and before the
very eyes of Christians wife.
run for your life!" she shrieked to
her husband.
The murderer ran to the woods that
surround the club grounds and plunged
down the side of the Shawangunk
mountains toward the railroad. De-
scriptions of him were sent out by tele-
graph and telephone. but he has not
been caught.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
HENRY GEORGE FOR MAYOR.
II Tammany Does Not Nominate Judge
Gaynor, He viii Run.


NEW YORK, Sept. 2S.-At the Lenox
lyceum last night a new party, to be
known as the United Democracy, was
formed by delegates of many factions
and branches of Democratic organiza-
tions. Henry George of Kings was
nominated for mayor of Greater New
York, John G. Boyd of Manhattan fol
comptroller. Winfield 5. Overton of
Queens for president of the council and
Charles F. Adams of New York for
chief justice of the court of appeals.
1t was not known positively whether
Mr.. George will accept the nomina-
tion, but the convention was assured
that If Tammany does not nominate
Judge Gaynor for mayor the noted au-
thor and worker would do battle fol
the new movement.
In their platform the United Democ-
racy indorse the principles of the Chi
cago platform and demands municipal
ownership and operation of street rail-
roads, gas and electric lighting.
Speakers at the convention took oo-
casion to denounce Judge Parker and
question his loyalty to Bryan and the
free silver movement.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
SET FIRE TO SING SING.
Attempt to Burn the State Prison Offices
and StorehOuse.

SING SING, Sept 2S.-A deliberate
attempt was made to set fire to
the storehouse and offices of the state
prison. Prompt work, however, on the
part of the guards and the fire depart.
ment of the prison saved the buildings
with comparatively slight loss.
The fire was started in the big room
IN which was stored a large quantity OF
cloth and finished clothing. by pouring
oil over the goods and then applying
a match.
The smoke was seen by one of the
convicts as he was marching to dinner
and the attention. of the guards was
quickly called to the flames. An alarm
was quickly given. and in a few min
utes the fire was out, after doing dam
age to the extent of $500 or SiO0. The
buildings and property endangered is
valued at about $125, ,000
For short time there was considera-
BILE excitement among the convicts,
nearly all of whom were in the mess
room getting their dinner. This was
allayed, however, by the guards. A
thorough investigation is going on and
already one convict has been placed in
solitary confinement, and 1t is thought
by the authorities that they have the
right man.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01

HAVANA. Sept. 29.-Captain General
Weyler has published a decree declar-
ing still in force his prohibition of the
expectation of leaf tobacco produced
in the provinces OF Havana and Pinar
del Rio. In December the matter will
be opened up to discussion, and the
opinions of manufacturers and corpora
tions interested as to the convenience
or Inconvenience Of expectation will be
invited, with view to a final decision.
Captain General Weyler has declined
to assume the presidency of the reor-
ganized palace junta, formed of lead
ing men in the island. The presidency
will go to the Marquis de Montoro, a
prominent autonomist
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
Klondike Merchant Writes.

MALONE, N. Y, Sept. 29.-F. l..
Turner of this place has received a let
ter from a brother at Skagguay, Alas
ka, who went up there from Portland,
Or, in August last to open a general
store for Portland merchants. Mr.
Turner writes that he found the field
well occupied and no facilities for un-
loading freight. No wharfs had been
built, and much of the freight was lost
or stolen.
He says any number of miners are
selling out their entire outfits. including
food supplies, which helps to keep prices
down. Mr.. Turner was the first to open
a laundry in Skagguay. There are only
400 acres about the place available fol
building lots. The poorest bring $50
and on the main street $1,000 is quickly
Maid
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
An Old Hermit Dend.

WAKEFIELD. r. l., Sept. 2S.-Arnold
Sherman, a hermit, residing near
Goulds crossing. in West Kingston, on
the line of the Narragans Pier rail-
way, was found dead in his hut He
was rs years of age and had lived alone
for % years. For decade he had not
permitted any one to enter his abode.
On account of wrong alleged to have
been suffered at the hands of the rail-
way officials Sherman would never look
at a passing train, but upon its ap-
proach would run away and hide. Death
was due to natural causes.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
Essex County Republicans.

ELIZABETHTOWN, N. Y, Sept. 20.
The Essex county Republican con-
vention was held at the courthouse
here. Captain James H. Pierce, mem
Der of assembly, presided. Captain
Pierce was unanimously renominated
for member of assembly. Milo c. Perry
Of Elizabethtown was nominated for
district attorney and Joseph Wright Of
Moriah for sheriff. The convention was
extremely quiet.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
oneida County Democrats.

ROME. N. Y. Sept 29.-The Oneida
county Democratic convention made
the following nominations: Sheriff.
Michael Doll of Utica; county clerk,
Joseph Wurz of Utica; superintendent
of the poor, Edward ]. Pepper Of
Floyd; coroner. DR.. T. P. Sculiy of
Rome. The convention reaffirmed the
Chicago platform ''in accordance with
the time honored custom of the Demo-
cratic party
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
Thursday, Sept. 23.
M.nxIed to Death.

CATSKILL. N. Y, Sept. 2S.-An un-
known man was found mangled and
unconscious lying by the side of the
West Shore railroad tracks about two
miles south of the village station. He
was taken to the hospital at Kingston
where he died. A letter was found on
his person dated Quebec and address
ed to John ]. Casey, Kingston, Ont.
also a certificate of discharge from a
hospital at Reading, Pa.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
Arrival and Departure of Trains.
BALTIMORE q OHIO
RAILROAD.
schedule In Eject May
18th, 1897.
LEAvE FREDERICK.
4.S; a NJ. except Sunday

V2l7EESsnn1sSssss.,ssz ~ LEAVE FREDERICK.
WzAsIlAElksA .N.SV 4S5 a. NJ, except Sunday
&kyHEQeAN% for Washington June
=, WRN Stations nd
sshington. Due at Washington at e.SS
500 A. Nj, daily, for Martlnsbure. Cumher.
land, Washington and way stations. PhiIa-
aelphia and New York, and except Sundav
ior Hagerstown. Due at Washington $50
$50 a. M, daily, for Baltimore and wav s,a.
lions philadelphis and New York. Due
at Baltimore 600 a. m.
S:iO A M, except Sunday, for Baltimore anA
principal way stations. Philadelphia ana
New YORK Due at Baltimore TO- 10 a. M
WAY a; NJ, except Sunday, for Washington
Philadelphia, New York, Keyser LeTing.
ton, Hagerstown and way stations ChicaSc
ana Pittsburg. Due Washington ii .55 4. fn.
l:lo r. NJ, except Sunday, fol Baltimore ana
way stations, Phi iadelpha and New York
Due at Baltimore 40 p M
$40 r. NJ, except unday, for Washington ana
way stations, Philadelphia and New York.
Due Washington $40 y. m.
4:lO p. Nj, except Sunday for Winchester
Saunton, Martinsburg, Cumberland Gin.
cinnati, st. Louis, Louisville and Kansas
t,nsbr yi anu on, on SUNDAY ,, for Washington, Mar
$3.50 T. M, daily, for Baltimore and way sta.
IONS, Philadelphia and New York. Due
baltimore 10 p. m.
SD =. M, exceptSunday, for Washington. Ha.
Ssfstown, winchester and way stations,
Pittsburg, Chicago, Philadelphif and New
York. Due at Washington 800 y. m
AhRiN ~ Al FREDERICK
$40 A. NJ. except sunday, from Washington
Junc. AID way stations, Cincinnati and
Pittsburg. -~
sS5A. NJ, except sunday, from ,wipc6ests
Hagerstown and way stations
lOl5 A NJ, except Sunday, from Balt,mor.
ana way stations, Philadelphia and New
1880 "A a. NJ except Sunday, from Washington
llN A. NJ, sunday only, from Washington
~ aa anu n way stations, Chicago and the W. St
lz'zO I. M, sunday only, hom Baltimore ana
way stations, Philadelphia and New York.
l'4o r NJ, except Sunday, from New YORK.
Shleago and St Louis Philadelphia Wash.
lngton Hagerstown, Lexington and. way
S:45 T: NJ, Sunday only from Washington
Of. and way stations, st. Louis, Cincinnati.
900 = NJ, except Sunday, from Baltimore
ork ""N ANo"
6:i5 P; NJ, except Sunday, rrom Washington
ana n, way stations, Philadelphia, New York,
$50 r NJ, except Sunday, from Baltimore,
ana way stations, Philadelphia and New
1855 2. NJ, except Sunday, from washington.
Winchester, Hagerstown, Brunswick and
way stations.
SOS T. NJ, daily, from Baltimore and way
Acco,nmodation.-S.30 A NJ. for Union Bridge
and Hanover.
2S0 |. M.-Accommodation for Union Bridge.
lOOo +. M.-Accommodation for Emory Grove
PENNSYLVANIA kA fI.ROAD-FR FREDER-
lex DlVW,ON.
SCHEDULE IN EFFECT JUNE 2Sth, 1897.
"f" Stops only on notice to conductor or
agent, or ON signal.
For PHILADELPHIA AND THE EAST
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
to be imprisoning and shooting all who

to be imprisoning and shooting all who
sympathize with the revolution.
The announcement that Mrs. Lily
Langtry will marry Prince Esterhazy is
confrped by her attorney at San
Francisco.
Friday, Sept. "a.
The strike on the school buildings at
Chicago is ended.
Gold has been discovered in the Choc-
olate mountains of Yuma county, A. T.
The Ulster county IN. " peach crop
will be the largest since the big yield of
1880.
The Pei Ho river, in China, has over
flowed its banks, causing disastrous
floods.
The war department is making sur
vey Of the defenses of San Francisco
harbor.
The will of Henry w. Sage was filed
at Ithaca. Cornell university was not
mentioned.
The Greeks and Cherokees win not
agree to another treaty with the Dawes
commission.
The Austrian reichsrath was opened
amid a demonstration hostile to Pre-
mier Badeni
The Alton Qlls.) negroes insist that
their children attend the same school
as the whites.
The pope has instructed the Spanish
clergy to oppose Carlism and support
the present dynasty.
District Attorney Bennett of Alaska
says the lives of many gold seekers are
sure to be lost in White pass this win
ter.
Thursday, Sept. 23.
The days of the present Japanese cab
met it is claimed. are numbered.
The damage by the recent typhoon in
Japan was much greater than at first
reported.
Trouble is feared between the Sho-
shones and Bannocks and the Custer
county Qda.) settlers.
Senator Deboe of Kentucky is quoted
as saying that President Mckinley in
tends to appoint Dr. Hunter minister
to Guatemala.
II. G. Blake and ]. M. Hardy pleaded
guilty to kidnapping little Johnny Con-
way in Albany and were sentenced to
IA years and months in Dannemora
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
Choked to Death at supper.

PAWTUCKET, r. l., Sept. 2S.-Mi-
chael Hennessy. aged about go years,
choked to death while eating supper
at his home in Central Falls. The sup
per consisted Of a meat stew, and Hen
Messy attempted to enter into CONVEX
sation while eating. A piece Of meat
lodged in his throat, causing strangula-
lon and death in a few moments.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
The Holman House Sold.

NEW YORK, Sept 2S.-Edward s.
stokes. who was quite as well known
personally as the Hoffman House. in
which he had large proprietary in
terest, is out of the hotel business for
good. He and r. c. Mcdonald of Fort
wayne disposed of their interest to a
syndicate, of which Graham Polly of
Srooklyn is the president.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
Lamp Explosion starts a Fire.

NEW HAVEN, Sept. 29.-By the ex.
plosion of lamp fire was caused Il
the Hannah Gray Home For Aged Wo-
men. Mary Ransom received probably
fatal burns.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
A Very Rad Man.

MIDDLETOWN, N. Y, Sept. ga
report received here from Wurtsboro,
Sullivan county, says that H. F..
Pritchard of New York and a constable
of Wurtsboro attempted to arrest w. J..
Christian at the County club. Chris
tian resisted arrest and killed Pritchard
and wounded the constable. No de-
tails are given.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
Fire WIN shut Down MIL.

HUDSON, N. Y, Sept. 2S.-The card
room of the Wellington mill at Mellen-
VILE was completely gutted by fire late
Yesterday afternoon. The damage is
heavy and will cause shut down of
the mill for a month.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01

WASHINGTON. Sept. 29.-The San
Francisco has arrived at Algiers, the
Michigan at Erie. Pa. the Yorktown at
Yokohama and the Fern at New York.
The six vessels of the north Atlantic
squadron have arrived off Yorktown.
Va. The Bancroft has sailed from
Syra for Naxos.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
Indictments Purloined.

NEW YORK, Sept. 2S.-District At
torney Olcott announces that more than
100 indictments are missing from the
records of the court of general sessions,
including one for manslaughter. What
has become of them is mystery.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01

BUZZARDS BAY. Mass. Sept 29.-
Ex- President Cleveland and family left
their summer home here yesterday af-
ternoon. Mr.. Cleveland went to New
York on board Mr.. Benedict's steam
yacht Oneida, while Mrs. Cleveland and
the children made the journey by train
to Fall River and thence by steamer to
New York. They will all go to Prince
ton together
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
Radlv burned by Alcohol.

NEW YORK, Sept. 2S.-Miss Ada
Bischoff, 25 years old. of S52 Sixth ave-
nue. was perhaps fatally burned at her
home last night by the explosion of
some alcohol which she was heating for
medicinal purposes.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01

BUFFALO. Sept. 2S.-George Farnes,
35 years old fell from scaffold 1870
feet above the ground at the Northern
elevator yesterday and was instantly
killed. A similar accident occurred at
this elevator Sunday.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
Convention was Divided.

MONTICELLO, N. Y, Sept. 29.-The
Sullivan county Republican convention
here was badly divided. and it was
some time before work was completed.
George Mclaughlin, the present assem-
blyman from Sullivan county. was re-
nominated. The Couch faction fought
the denomination bitterly, but was un-
successful. James Fulton, a McLaugh-
lin man was nominated for sheriff.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01

TRENTON, Sept 2S.-Ex- Secretary
# the Navy George M. Robeson died
Yesterday at his home in this city. Mr..
Robeson was So years old and had been
IN ailing health for several months.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01

MIDDLETON. N. Y, Sept. 2s.-
Charles ]. Graham, prominently con-
nected in this city committed suicide
by taking paris green. He was de-
spondent.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
neaths In New Orleans.

NEW ORLEANS. Sept. .2S.-Twenty-
one new cases of fever here and two
deaths yesterday, but the physicians
are agi eed that the situation is i'm
rrnNinq
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
B,nrhamton Police Want Him.

RICHMOND. Sept. 2S.-A. ]. Dew
sreaux, who is wanted by the police Of
Binghamton, N. Y. is under arrest
here. The charge against him is said
to be forgery.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
wanton and UniustlflahIe.

HAZLEToN, Pa, Sept. 2S-The coro-
ner's jury, two jurymen dissenting. find
that the killing of the Lattimer miners
was wanton and unjustifiable and could
have been avoided.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
Three New Cases Of Fever.

WASHINGTON. Sept 2S.-There art
three new cases of yellow fever in Mo-
bile and one death.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-10-01
The Grand Young Stations
GASPARD
KING GALLOP.
-BY-
SEA KTNa
i" SEA KING.

and out Of .nagniicently bred mares Com
bining the most fashionable blood OF the day
Farmers have Q rare chance to get fine road
sters from good bred brood mares. Prices All
down. Nl5) nfteen dollars for the season. Ap-
MICHAEL KNILL,
Manager on Col. Baughman's farm,
mch. :. near Frederick.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-28

tinct courses, grammar school, normal
and business. Each will be under teach
ers especially trained for these branch
es. Mr.. Inman will conduct classes in
elocution, rhetoric. English compost
ton and in the higher mathematics.
The Emersonian system of elocution
will be used. Mr.. OMalley will con-
duct the classes in practical arithmetic.
civics of the United States and of
Montana, and physiology. Mr.. Cannon
will have charge of the branches in
physical and political geography, gen.
eral history, United States history and
literature. An experienced teacher OF
stenography. typewriting, bookkeeping
and general business instruction has
been engaged and he is now studying
the various methods in use in Eastern
schools, and the most popular of these
will be adopted. Pending his arrival
this line of work will be under the SUI
pervision of experienced teachers of
this city. The daily sessions Will be
three in number, $3.50 to 11:30 a. M;
to D. m, and 7:30 to $3.50 p. m. The
college will be located on the second
floor of the Shields block, and will oc-
cupy a large portion of that pleasantly
located building. The tuition fees Will
be extremely moderate, and there is
little doubt but that the college under
the direction of Messrs. O'Malley, Gan
non and Inman, will become popular
institution of learning.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-28
SHERIFF'S SALE.

A. o. Y. w. Hall Association of Anaconda plain.
tiff against Henry Buck defendant.
To be sold at sheriffs sale: Under and by
virtue of an order of sale and decree of fore
closure and sale issued out of the District Court
of the Third Judicial District of the state of
Montana. in and for the county of Deer Lodge,
on the 18th day of November, 1897 in the above
entitled action, wherein the above named de-
PENDANT obtained a Judgment and decree of fore
Association of Anaconda, plaintiff for the sum OF
four thousand one hundred and sixty. nine and
seventeen one hundredths dollars, lawful money
of the United States, besides interest, cos and
eolnsel fees which said decree was on the 18th
day Of November 1897 recorded in Judgment
Book No. T. of said court at page 42i, am com
manded to sci that certain lot, piece parcel of
land. situated, lying and being in the city Of
Anaconda ID er Lodge county, Montana, and
bounded and described particularly follows,
to-wIts Lot sixteen 49, block five (5l, Ana
thereof now on file in the Office of the county
clerk and recorder of Deer Lodge county, to-
gether with all tenements, Entertainments and ap
pufJeuanees thereunto belonging or in any wise
appertainin1.
Public notice is hereby given that on the 18th
day of Jan airy 1893 at 2 o'clock r. Nj. of that
day in FIR mt of the courthouse door in the city OF
Anaconda county of Deer Lodge state of Mon
tana viii. in obedience TO said order of sale and
cree of foreclosure and sale, sell the above
described property. much thereof as may
be necessary TO satisfy said Judgment, with in
terest and costs to the highest and best bid
der for cash lawful m oney of the United States.
Dated this 10th day of December, A. ID. 1897.
JOHN FITZPATRICK.
Sheriff of Deer Lodge County State of Montana.
By JOSEPH DAILY, Under Sheriff.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-12-28

the peace. johnson remarked: i guess
that's right"
Ten dollars" said the court, and
Johnson went his way thinking that
Christmas fun came pretty high.
Lorenzo Mcbride was found by the
police a few nights ago with a lot of
stolen razors upon his person. The
razors had been purloined from a bar
Der shop in this city and were five in
number Mcbride had disposed of two
of them when arrested. When given q
hearing yesterday morning on a charge
of petit larceny he was found guilty
and was given 80 days in the county
Jail. Mcbride is the man who was re-
Gently run out of Butte by the police
of that city.
John Doe of Carroll was charged with
drunkenness and he was ordered 10
leave town. Another John Doe. coli
ored man who had been arrested ror
fighting in the Horseshoe saloon and Tor
drawing a deadly weapon. was dis
missed upon the complaint being with
drawn by the officer who made the ar
| rest.
Thomas Murphy and II. p. Bowers
had a little difficulty in Heck Nc
| Leans saloon in the bad lands. and
| Bowers said Murphy hit him in the head
with beer glass. This Murphy denied
| and as each appeared equally guilty
| with the other the court taxed them
1 each so, which they paid.