davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1897-02-07

States, with their thousands Of trained sol
diers aud their large troops Of cavalry. No
European power has shown the least desire
to pick a quarrel with them. The London
Times intimates that the Royal Niger Com
pany would never have begun this war IL II
had not previously made satisfactory ar
rangements with the Sultans OF Sokoto and
Gando. But no evidence is adduced that
such an arrangement exists, and should
these powerful rulers make the quarrel
their own, England and not her chartered
company will have to be the largest factor
in further proceedings.
We venture to say that this war pre-
sents the difficulty that impends over all
Africa's Mobammedan States from the Nile
to the Niger. The territories Of England,
France, and Germany touch their borders,
and each Of these powers is eager to come
into full possession Of liberal slice OF the
Fulah country. The much discussed ques-
tion OF how to supplant Mohammedan with
European domination will probably be an
swered by force Of arms In the Sudan, az
1t has been in other parts Of Africa where
Europe's advance has been opposed.
The sun., 1897-02-07
Tho Fountain Head of tho Missouri

The researches of Mr.. J. V. BRowER of
Minnesota at the headwaters OF the Mlssis-
sippi resulted, several years ago, In the
final determination Of the extreme sources Of
that river. During the summers of 1895 and
1895 Mr.. BRowER was engaged In similar
explorations at the headwaters OF the Mis-
souri,, and the complete results of his labors,
together with an excellent chart of the re-
gion on n scale of one inch to the mile, are
first made public In the Bulletin of the
American Geographical Society, just issued.
Two Government survey parties in 1879
approached within few miles, east and
west, OF the ultimate sources. but, Mr.
BRowER says, they did not explore Culver's
Canon, through which the parent stream
flows; and that stream has not heretofore
appeared on any map.
1t might be thought that, after reaching
the district, it would be an easy matter to
locate the fountain head Of the river. It
was In fact the work of weeks To identify
the headwater branch of the Missouri 1t
was necessary, first, to determine the rela-
tive Importance Of all the larger upper
branches. This exploration was in progress
for twenty-five days in 1896 before Mr.
BRowER was assured that the stream flow
ing through Culver's Canon into Red Rock
Creek, which, further down, becomes known
as Beaver Head River, jefferson Fork, and
the Missouri, was the ultimate source Of
the great river. He proved this to be true
by making his way with much difficulty up
the canon. impeded at every step by lodges,
declivities, and fallen timber; and last sum
mer he returned to make the careful survey
of the whole district that has enabled him
to produce this map Of the towering noun
tains that hem In the infant Missouri. and
Of the tributary streams that feed IL.
Among tho excellent pictures which Illus
The sun., 1897-02-07
Tho Line OF the Army.

There is report that the House Commit
tee on Rules, Of which Mr.. REED is Chair
man, hesitates to assign day to the con-
sideration Of the Army Reorganization bill,
on account of the expense which that meas
ure will involve.
The consideration of the cost Is one that
naturally offers itself, but we think that It
should not set the bill aside, on full weigh
ing Of the matter. Measures relating to
the defence and security Of the coun-
try, like the building Of ships and
forts, do not stand on the footing Of such
increases Of expenses, as, for example, In
the improvement Of rivers or the erection OF
public buildings. These last and many
other items OF outlay can be postponed
without risking the safety Of the country,
and should always depend moro or less on
the condition Of the finances.
The case Is otherwise with the army and
the navy in our country, where these means
OF protection are we'll known to have been
neglected, and to be now far below what a
prudent regard for exigences requires.
As to the army, after long delays
since SAMUEL j. TrLDEN aroused Con-
gress to the needs of coast defence, n
rapid erection Of new forts and q continual
mounting Of new guns and mortars are now
going on. These costly works and guns re-
quire men to take care of them. The present
artillery organization was based on the con-
dition OF the dcfences as they were twenty
years ago, totally inadequate even then to
our needs. And as more artillerymen are
wanted, so the infantry should have that
modern three battalion organization which
other countries long ago adopted, together
with that slight strengthening in numbers
which the growth Of the country In twenty
years and the grave developments Of recent
experience alike justify.
We think, therefore, that true economy
would provide enough caretakers for the
very costly forts and ordnance which will be
added TO the country's defences during the
present year. A timely provision OF ad-
ditional troops Is far removed from a policy
Of extravaganza.
It Is we'll understood that the extra session
OF Congress, to be called by the middle OF
March. will direct It's attention to providing
revenue enough for the proper conduct OF
tho Government. or course moro time
must elapse before its measures take effect |;
but 1t Is not necessary that the reorRaniza-
tion Of the line should be carried out In full
at once. A future time can be fixed for its
complete development. and preparations
leading up to 1t made accordingly.
The sun., 1897-02-07
Tho War on tho Niger.

While England Is involved Just now In
several little African wars, the Royal Niger
Company has begun a campaign Of its own
against the Emir of Nupe. The cause. con.
ditions, and possible results Of this struggle
invest 1t with more than ordinary interest.
Nupe Is one Of the Mohammedan States of
the Western Sudan, lying on both banks
Of the Middle Niger. 1t is In well-watered
and fertile region. with some large towns,
and the Nupes, who form the mass of the
population, are mentally and physically
superior to many African peoples They
are Industrious, the peers Of any African
tribe as tillers Of the soil, and excel most
other Sudanese as weavers and workers in
iron, brass, leather, and glass.
A peculiar situation led to the war. The
Royal Niger Company has no quarrel with
the Nupes. In fact, the appeal to arms has
been made in behalf of this very people, az
against their tyrannous rulers, headed by
the Emir, who form only one-fifth of the
population. Tho company has had the
freest access to the territory, and some Of
its main stations are In Nupe. It's treaty
with the Emir obtains for the company un-
usual commercial advantages, and he has
not thrown pebble in the way OF the
company's enterprises, but has pocketed his
subsidy OF $4,000 year and permitted it
70 develop its trade unmolested.
The trouble was caused by the Emir's
horrible treatment Of his subjects, which
bade fair to depopulate Nupe. He Is a
descendant Of the great Fulah chief, who, q
century ago, spread his religious war over
the Western Sudan from Lake Tchad to the
Upper Niger. His people are now dominant
In the Fulah States, with his descendants
in most Of the chief places OF authority
Nupe, one OF the smaller States. pays an
nual tribute in thousands OF slaves to the
Sultan of Sokoto, the head centre of the
Fulah power; and the many slave raids of
the Emir among hisown subjects, the pagan
Eupes, his wholesale confscaton OF their
lands, and other acts of tyranny have been
reducing his country to pitiable condi.
tion. The Royal Niger Company vainly
protested, and at last decided to use force
for the suppression OF slave raids and for
the restoration Of their lands to thousands
of despoiled Nupes
The company counted upon the support
OF the natives, and thus far 1t has not been
disappointed. With 400 well-armed men
and some artillery it has driven the enemy,
about 1000 in number, from the first place
where this section OF the Emir's foot soldiers
and cavalry awaited battle. The natives re-
ceived the column with joy and are said to
be rising against their Fuah oppressors.
At last accounts the British were advancing
upon Bida, the capital OF Nupe. very pop
ulous place, covering five square miles and
surrounded by a dilapidated mud wall.
There are hills around the town, from
which the artillery can soon knock it to
pieces II resistance is attempted.
The most interesting question Is what will
be the Attitude of the surrounding Fulah
The sun., 1897-02-07
France. America. and Cuba.

One hundred and nineteen years ago yes
terday the treaty Of alliance between France
and the then struggling United States was
signed. 1t was a happy thought OF the
Empire State Society OF the Sons Of the
American Revolution to choose this ami
versary as the occasion OF its fifth yearly
banquet, and to revive. through the medium
OF speeches, letters, and cable messages, the
memories Of one Of the most momentous
events in our history, and one which must
make ever ineffaceable American gratitude
toward France.
Never, certainly, In the history Of colonies
struggling to DO free, was aid more oppor-
tune. 1t Is true that o few months earlier
the surrender Of BURGoyNE at Saratoga, the
greatest event of the war up to that time.
had pointed the way to the ultimate triumph
of the patriots, but this In turn had been
succeeded by one Of the darkest periods of
the contest, the winter at Valley Forge.
1t was in the spring following these suf-
ferings that the news came of the acknowl-
edgment of Americas independence by
France; OF the treaty signed with her at
Paris by FRANKLIN, DEANE, and LEE, our
Commissioners, finally, Of the ordering Of
ships and troops to help us. These ships
and troops came, first under D'EsTAIsa,
then under DE GRAssE and RocHAMBEAU,
while the ripe fruits of the belle alliance
were gathered at Yorktown.
This is history OF sixscore years ago, most
pleasant to recall, and 1t reminds US that
there is other history making to-day. Not
separated by an ocean. but almost at our
doors. is an island struggling, as our ances-
tors then struggled, to throw Off q foreign
yoke. It has maintained its cause in the
field for nearly two years against all the
power that Spain can bring; and it now
looks wistfully TO the great neighboring
republic for word OF encouragement
Cuba does not ask the aid of fleets and
armies, such rs France gave TO us, but only
that acknowledgment Of independence
which we have the right to accord.
The sun., 1897-02-07
A Bcwildering Absur,iity.

The boston Journal points TO figures Of
our national revenue which are indeed
startling.
For the month Of January, 1895, the rev.
enue from the Wilson tariff was $4,000.
600. For January Of 1895 1t was slo ,O0O,.
900. And for January OF 1897 1t was
S11, 100000. or such n abankrupting nature
is the measure which the CLEVELAND Ad-
ministration prepared, even after Secretary
CARLISLE had petitioned Congress In 1894
for funds to make good the deficit In the
revenue then existing.
The deficit for the seven months Of the
fiscal year to end next June is s43, 900, 900,
and the total deficit for the year promises
to be over seo. 100000. During the past
three years the total deficit in the revenue
has been nearly 5000, 100000.
Nevertheless, that period has seen GER
tain number OF philosophers bowling for
currency reform as the country's only de-
liverancc,. the Hon. GROVER CLEVELAND,
the author of the deficit, maintaining that
the s282, 100000 Of CLEVELAND bonds
represented nothing but n glorious defence
Of the gold standard, and, at the close, the
New York Chamber Of Commerce preparing
tog give Mr.. CLEVELAND dinner to celebrate
his greatness and virtue as u public man.
An intelligent foreigner, contemplating
the sober Mugwump reception Of these
crude absurdities, might conclude that the
American people had turned somersault
and had not yet got back to their feet.
In the words OF tho costermonger who saw
his apples kicked all over the street, There
amt no bloody word fer itv
The sun., 1897-02-07

trate his narrative is one Of the place where
the stream has It's birth, at the crest Of the
Rocky Mountains, about 5000 feet above
sea level. This crest forms the boundary
between Idaho and Montana, and the river
takes its rise Just withiP the southern
border OF the latter State. The rivulet IL
only two feet wide and two inches deep,
drawing its waters from the snowy uplifts
that rise little above it. These waters,
starting for the Gulf OF Mexico, are 4,22l
miles from it. They are 2,94b miles from
the mouth Of the Missouri, which exceeds
the distance of the head sources OF the
Mississippi from the Gulf by 892 miles
There Is every reason to believe that the
stream, starting from that mountain crest
is the longest unbroken current OF running
water in the world.
The position of the fountain head OF the
river is In a. 85 N. lat. and l1l'8S' w. long
Mr.. BRowER and his party are entitled to
much credit for this excellent piece OF geo
graphical investigation, which involved the
ascent Of number Of the mountains under
Arctic conditions, for the snow was deep
there in June last. The entire district was
carefully explored. the boundary line be-
tween Idaho and Montana was traced along
the crest Of the mountains, and stone monu-
ments were reared on the State line at
various points The highest submits Of the
mountains inclosing the cafIon through
which the river flows. are from 5000 to
IL, 800 feet above sea level The chart gives
graphic idea Of the photography and orog-
raphy Of the region, and is one Of the best
specimens Of map work that any geograph-
ical society in this country has produced.
The sun., 1897-02-07

would be absurdly shortsighted for prop
erty owners on lower broadway to allow ives
10 bc left on the line of rapid transit when only. their
consent Ia required to give them tho benent of the
terminal part OF tho route-Nep York Nmes.
This refers to the new underground scheme
Of the Rapid Transit Commission. so denomi-
mated: but as tho road will never be built there
is no need either to borrow trouble or TO indulge
In hopes on Its account. Stiil. the lower Broad
way opposition 70 the preposterous scheme a.
proposed 10 orsditabls 10 the good sense Of those
mAkinEtI
The sun., 1897-02-07

l lately reminded you how ono OF your pre
necsssor, 6y his fearless indsDendenee Mayor OF
way twice 10 the Presidency In spite of the machine
politicians and exhoIted you to follow his inda.
Cor. Black. W
That is. smash your party. increase tho
national debt by Sa6a, ooO 900, and leave the
destruction of private industry and business
enterprise along your ruthless and selfish path
OF obstinacy, ignorance and Incompetence
The sun., 1897-02-07
wHAr rs GOING ON IN soc1r,,

features gave fresh sensation to the nune-on.
members Of the smart set doing duty as man.
aeers and floor committee, very little i,tcro,,
was felt in the details OF this useful function
Mrs. Frederic Bronsons dinner dance q,
Thursday evening was an exqulsitely pre,,v
and refined affair. with lights music rover.
and pretty women to make It pleasant ia n.
eve and gratifying to those who love beauty e.,
evcry shape. but the interest OF every one pre,.
ent was centred in the rehearsal OF tn. Quad
rifles and minuets TO be danced at Mrs Martha.
ball. OF course. Mrs. Bronson's quadtile in
which several very Young and pretty women.
both married and single. nre TO dance, was mos,
frequently repeated and pronounced quite p.,.
feet Their costumes are to bo OF tho Loui,
Quinze period. in which hoops, powder roupe
and patches most did flourish. and which ad.
mi.s OF much latitude In the matter OF material
and embellishment-from n Pompadour cr.,.
tion Of richest brocade. lace and diamonds to /.
simple costume OF pink and blue silk or satin
with such sdornmcnts as may suit the wearer
The question OF precedence. which cam.
somewhat aggressivoly to the front week o,
two ago, has been amicably settled by the tao,
Of tho hostess. who decided that Mrs Astor',
| quadriiie should open the ball, to be followed
By that OF the Incropdbles. under Mrs. Ogden
Mills with Mrs. Bronson and her Louis Quinn,
beauties as the last and perhaps the best Of all.
In the ouadrille OF honor, or court dance of 200
years ago. Mrs. Bradley Martin will lead with
Mr. .. .. he'o,, 'no socona eoup'e oe,hR Mrs
stuyVessnt rnn snu ."i. m'oe,. van Court
lsnoI opposNo " ,noo' wiz % Miss angelica
gerry anu "r' .. io"n'onu "Su''n. ana Mrs
MhHney warren u"no'ns win , mr. hlspehard
stewart iho s'', eoup,.' VII, oo MIS- Otms
wilson sno air. nv .enr. mrS' lie. iHiler
aho Mr. SrAt oi." ~ m,'. ems Morton
sna MT oen'., ."u '''' M"de1'he
Out'inR with mr. d. De =" n"n'
Several reinforcements OF men have been OBJ
tained since the invitations to tho bali first
went out. ana IL was reared that men would
be In tho minority. Their costumes promiset to
be as striking and picturesque as those OF tho
ladies'. Or all tho historical Character. Louis
Nv. has been the most popular, and 1t Is said
that he Will be reproduced seventy-fre times at
the ball. Among great and distinguished wo-
The sun., 1897-02-07


Tho decision OF tho Supreme Court OF the
United states In the Ohio tax ,ases was an
nounced by the Chief Justice on Monday. bpt
the opinion of the majority of tho court was
not read, although the opinion OF the four dis.
sentlng Judges, Field, Harlan. Brown, and
White, was delivered by Mr.. Justice White.
The Court sustained the action OF the stint,
authorities In assessing tho appealing express
companies. No satisfactory discussion OF the
determination Is possible until the prevailing
opinion shall be published.
A curious question concerning the liability
OF hotel proprietor at u seaside resort, with
reference to the reception and keepinu NJ hi.
guests. was recently raised in the Brighton
County Court In England, IN a suit brought Inv
a lady against the landlord Of the Hotel Mat
ropole At Brighton Tor Illegally turning her out
| or that hostolry. The plaintiff had lived at tho
hotel from November, 1898, to Auuunt Ison
when she went out for u little while. and on
her return she was refused adml ttance, mot ON
tho ground that she had not paid her bill or
that there was not room in the house, but be-
cause she was subject TO certain delusions
and tnterfared with the comfort OF the o,b,r
| occupants OF tho hotel" Tie County Judge dc.
cided that her conduct had been unobiection.
able, but that, nevertheless, the proprletor
had the right TO exclude her, inasmuch as sh,
had ceased to be traveller, In tho contempla.
tion OF the law, having announced that sho I'm.
tended 10 remain at the hotel until II burned
down. The Queens Bench Division In Lon.
don has Lnrmed the Judgment. declaring that
tne oouSatlon or AN innkeeper continues only
so long aA the guest may truly be regarded m n
rayener. and that otherwise a hotel keep,r
the course or the argument Mr.. Justice WRIGHT
reterrsd 70 Scotch case In which a iady
came came 70 an ihn for three months and stayed
The San Francisco call., 1897-10-24

New rails, new ties new ballast, new bridges.
The shortest crossing of the desert and county
that in b. its varied and beautiful scenery
The highest grade of passenger equipment and
meals at Harvev's famous dnir g-r"oms-
The San Francisco call., 1897-10-24
THE FINANCIAL SITUATION.

NEW YORK, Oct. 23.-The Fiuancier says:
The sta ement of the Associated Banks of New
York for the week ending October 23 shows an
increase in reserve of SO. 4l9, 200 in two weeks
Loans in the same time have decreased almost in
the proportion, while .posits have
maned stationary The liquidation. therefore,
appears to have been carried on in manner that
has . o; disturbed the deposits: but this affords
noexplanation fthe current business OF the week.
Tie gain in cash has been largely in the form o
sIecle, the banks holding s2L0jO.00O more gold
than legal tenders The specie increase, of course,
is due the imports of The last month, and the
expansion of legal tenders probably represents
the DrsJ OF the retnru tide OF currency from the
interior.
The w of money TO the West is ch scked for
the present That the banks recognize the gem
era tendeEcJ to ship idle money o this center Tor
the iuteresv IL br'ngs ID revealed in iumois OF
general effort to- duce rates o. cou try balances
from 2 10 10 per cent THIS has been trieC be-
tore not ouY Ia New YORK hut in o, her cities,
but il does always rove eff i've ttr the
reason tha. the ffereuI inks cannes be brought
work in he fciai statements OF the
ma ioual ban~s in widel, fferent sessions OF The
country indicating very Ialgs cash resources
shows what NAV b. expected when money begins
flow in this d rec.ion IN iui. tide later IN The
n.
Ire country banks Hre now in the New York
% arket for commercial paper. and many ot1efs
paying of loans before matu lty The shnuk-
age loans tor the week. however, Is not attr b.
uted this Part II he loss is due 10
operations involved in The gold import movement
and TO Liquidation of maturing paper that under
different circumstances would have been renewed.
There Is question that some of the surplus
money in ban ks will be abso bed iu diScounting
sterling bills and a'so III the Union Pacific fore
closure settlements. neither these require
ments together wi current business need VIII
be large enough to mainIAiR the market al any
thing Ike firm figure IS doubtful. The immedi-
ate outlook, judging from the bank statement is
easier
The San Francisco call., 1897-10-24
ExpIan alton.

81 station indicate maximum temperature for the
Gays; those underneath IL, IL any, the amount OF
rainfall, OF melted snow in inches and hund redths
during the past twelve hours. lsobars or solid
lines, connect pom of equal air pressure: iso-
therms, or dotted lines, equal temperature. The
word high" means high bsrometric pressure and
is usually ACCOMPANIED by fair weather: 'Iow"
refers 10 low pressure. and is usually preceded
and accompanied by cloudy weather and rains.
Lows" usually first appear on the Washington
coast. When he pressure is high in the interior
and low along the coast, and the isobars extend
north and south along the coast, rain is probable;
but when the 'low'- Is inclosed with isobars OF
marked curvature, rain south OF Oregon is improp-
able. With a high in the vicinity of Idaho and
the pressure falling 10 the California coast warmer
weather may be expected in summer and colder
weather in winter. The reverse OF these conditions
Will produce d opposite result
The San Francisco call., 1897-10-24
txcHANeE AND BULLION.
PRODUCE MARKET.
HEAT AND OTHER, GRAINS.

wHEAT-The Simls takes for Cork SS 2l5 ctls
valued at s5U,70O; Ii. +. G Gade. for { lork, s3Ols
ciis at 9s,61S.
less activity on call, while the spot market was
duh.
Local quotations follows: 81 1891 @l SO
for No. J. 81 bl14 for choice ami 81 521sal Us
q ctl Tor extra chvice ior milling.
CALL BOARD SALES
INFORMAL kFssIoN-S:l5 o'clock Decemb her
1000 ctIs. 81 4s7s; 5000, 81 ass4. May-2ooo.
sEcoSD SESSION Decem ber-40Oo ctls, 81 So:
1000 81 501s; 5000 81 s9Ss. May - 900,
81 47sl 25Oo. 81 47la; 1000. 81 47ss
REGULAR MORNING SESSION Deeem oer-l TO-.
OuU ctls, 81 491R; 10000. 81 4Js4 22OOO
$: 4s9s MAy-oOOO. 81 4714; 5000, 81 47l- ;
IO00O, 81 47Ss
BAKLkY-Tne simia takes for Cork 4s 9e5 ctis
Brewing, valued AZ $5s 100; ais or Dee for
Cork 80 59g ctls At 5 10 600
Previous prices rule with q dull market.
Feed 771aGS2L2c for dark and S5c p ctl for
choice brigh.: Chevalier. 81 521sQnl 57lz for No.
No. ! and 9O9s5o q eli ior dark Coast
CALL BOARD SALES.
INFORMAL sEssIoN-9:I5 o'clock-No sales
SECOND SEss loN-No sales
REGULAR MORNING. 'SEssioN-No sales
OATS rads was at andsIilI Yesterday.
Fancy Feed, 81 25Gl 50; good to choice ST. lb6a
i 20 = Gil; common 81 071a9l 1919; Surprise,
@1 l5: Milling, 81 121e@l lT4z q oil: Black. Tor
seed 81 55Gl 90. Clipped Oats sell at $lG2 Il ton
over the raw product
CORN-There was no hing going on Yesterday
to change prices one way or the other. small
no md Yellow, 81 l5@nl 20 q ell: Large Yellow
sI@l Oa: White, 81 lL(Gl l211.
hYk-sl l0Gl l212 = ctL
BUCK NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..