davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1897-03-25

COL Henry Watterson is having quite
a serious tussle with the Democratic edi
tors OF Kentucky, and in his effort to
keep UP his end ON the racket he is COM
PEELED to depend on regular New York
methods. In late issue Of the Courier
Journal we find the following:
'sFor good old Gyaskutis-sleek, self
satisfied, and yet vicious-with ears like
a acknowledged windmill, and bray
long enough to reach all the way from
bitter Greek to He'll for Sa rtin-com-
mend US to the Lexington Ky) Obser-
YER"
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1897-03-25

prosperity, bought an ak ana gone 10
splittin' rails. i. Stanton.
The Richmond Dispatch tells US that
}"Col. James H. Boyd has seen the Presl-
dent in behalf of friends" The names
OF those friends are J. Il. Boyd, Col.
Boyd. James II. Boyd, Col. James r..
Boyd. ~ as.
DR.. S. A. Steel, of. St Louis, writes:
s.Tom Dixon, he of Gotham and bird
shot fame, cratic and independent Tom.
told me once that for a place to live a.
restful hfe,s sort of take-it-fasy style.
Of existence, North carolina beats the
world
That Republican Congressman from the
copper district of Michigan, who cannot
zee why the duty On copper should be ad-
vanced, since we are large exporters of
the mineral, is plainly out of place. Does
he want the farmers to know that the
increase Of duties on wheat is only
blind ?-Springfield Republican.
The Biblical Recorder and the North
Carolina Baptist speak in terms of high
praise of Prof f. V. Howell, the newly
elected Professor of Pharmacy at the Uni
versity. The editors of these papers
were at college with Mr.. Howell. From
all accounts a better selection could not
have been made.
The New York World says chat the
New York Journal has been run at a loss
of two million dollars up to date; that
,S650,OO has been lost on the Mail and
Express; the Times, which was worth
million dollars when Jones died, has lost
three orsfour hundred thousand dollars;
and that G.. p. Huntington has lost ST.
100000 in newspaper enterprises.
TELL EN- WHAR WE STAY.
When folks air leavin'{ Dixie
; We've got this word ter say:
'If you ever meet them good times,
Jest tell 'em whar we stay! Ifs
"Jest keep yer wits about you
An look along the way,
An if you meet them good times,
Jest tell 'em whar we stay"
f. l.. STANTON.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1897-03-25

A good deal Of interest is manifested by
New York financial papers in the pend
ing decision of Judge Gibbons relative
to preventing the Tobacco trust from
doing business in the State Of Illinois.
For the past several weeks the informa-
ton has time and again appeared in print
that lit would be rendered in a few days.
but it is still hanging fire. Wall streeters
apparently attach much Importance to it.
The latest is that the Judge is to give
Vice Chancellor Reeds opinion
careful reading before arriving
at hia own. As in other in
stances we fear that there is dis
appointment in store for the people, and
while there is smoke plenty, there will
be little fire-or .firing!- Southern To-
bacco Journal. -
Referring to the decision of the Fed
eral Supreme court against railroad COM
binations, the Pittsburg Dispatch Gays:
1.-The decision is a very important one
in more senses than one. It's most inn
portant bearing is the evidence that while
the advance of corporate influence has
caused the intermediate courts to aban-
don the clear judicial principles of the
past against corporations in restraint of
trade, it has not yet had that effect on
the majority of the Supreme court. The
decision viii produce a fresh assault on
Congress to legalize pooling; but it re-
mains to be seen whether Congress can
be induced to take that onerous respon-
Sibility on itself There IS no more rea-
son why railroads should be permitted to
suppress competition than that the Sugar
Trust or Standard Oil Company should"
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1897-03-25

The Carolina Central Railruad for $50.
900, Claiming Tha; Her Husband Was
Killed by CareicSSncs~
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
SAVED BY A HYMN BOOK.
stopped n Bullet Aimed by a Jealous

Carlisle, Pa, Aug. 3.-A hymn book
saved the life of Miss Cora Leidigh, a
young woman of Mount Holly Spring,
last night. Russell Swords, her lover,
enraged because his attentions were not
longer regarded with favor, shot at her
three times with a revolver. Two of
the bullets pierced her arm and the
third was stopped by the hymn book
which she held in front of her.
For two years Swords has been the
acknowledged lover of Miss Leidigh, but
attentions were no longer desired. Last
night after church she was sitting with
another young lady in a grove at the
outskirts of the town. Swords ap-
preached and asked Miss Leidigh if
she would attend picnic at Mont Alto
park with him. When she gave an
evasive answer he drew a large revol-
YER from his pocket and opened fire on
her.
Seeing several men running toward
the scene, the would-be murderer ran
towards the mountain and escaped.
Some time after two shots were heard
from the direction in which he had
gone. This morning his hat and re-
volver were found. They were lying on
| a pile of leaves which were clotted
with blood. A trail of blood was fol-
| lowed for forty feet, but his body has
not been found. 1t is supposed that he
committed SUICIDE. The young lady
| will! recover
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
NATIONAL LEAGUE
OF WHEELMEN MEET
Philadelphia Swarming with BicycIlsts
from Various Sections.
NEARLY ALL STATES REPRESENTED
Pennsylvania Is Materially Adding
to the Numbers--The Meet Proper
Begins Today--visitors Are Being
Royalty Entertained at the Various
Club Houses.

Philadelphia, Aug. 3.-Today's devel-
opments stamp the success of the eigh-
teenth national meet of the League of
American Wheelmen beyond question.
From early morning until late tonight
wheelmen, singly and in groups, have
been arriving in the city from every
state east of the Mississippi and a few
west of 1t. Delegations from New
York, New Jersey, Maryland, Indiana,
Illinois, Massachusetts and other states
arrived in rapid succession, and were
met at the depots by local reception
committees. Many of those from New
York, New Jersey and Maryland came
in on wheels. OF all the cities thus far
represented, indianapolis is making
the strongest bid for the 1898 meet
Mayor Thomas Taggart and Postmas-
ter Albert Lain are leading the move
ment.
Pennsylvania is materially adding to
the numbers here by representatives
from Reading, Lancaster, York, Har-
risburg, Williamsport, Wilkes-Barre
Altoona, Sunbury, Easton, Johnstown,
Erie, Allegheny, Pittsburg and other
points.
The meet proper does not begin until
tomorrow, when the Tours and Runs
committee will conduct runs to num-
Der of picturesque spots near the city.
In the meantime all the visitors are
enjoying open house at all the local
clubs. Thursday will be the banner day
| for runs and the racing will begin on
/ Friday morning,
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
BOTH COMBATANTS MAY DIE.
Old Enemies Fight to n Finish in a
GIambling Room.

Pittsburg, Pa, Aug. >3.-In a shoot
ing affray at Stringtown, an oil set
tlement near Sisterville, w. Va, today
two men received wounds that are
likely to prove mortal. The shooting
was the result of a feud between
Charles Fox, resident of Stringtown,
and William Mackey, a colored gamb-
Ter. Fox, who was intoxicated, entered
a gambling room last evening, and up
on seing Mackey, at once commenced
to shoot.
Mackey was unarmed, but secured a
hatchet, and closed In with his assail-
ant, inf1icting some serious wounds.
Fox loaded his gun a second time and
commenced shooting. By this time
some one had handed Mackey a gun.
and a general fusillade followed. Fox
received only one bullet. but it struck
him over the heart, inflicting a fatal
wound. Mackey was shot once in the
groin and another bullet shattered his
left arm.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04

ed. The chuck makes good mince meat
and is good for beef tea. If it is to be
roasted the piece of shoulder blade
should be taken out and the space
filled with fat and tied, but no skew
ers should be used, as they are hard
to draw out after cooking.
1.-THE fieshy part of the shoulder,
known as the bolar piece, is good for
stewing. The plate and brisket should
be made into corned beef by picking
and the skin used for soup. You can't
roast meat in closed oven or double
pan; that is baking. Meat can only
be roasted where there is a continuous
circulation of air. This Is admirably
accomplished with a stove or range
having gauze over door, or roasting
can be done on a spit before an open
fire as the English do"
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
STODLER'S QUEER CONDUCT.
Had to BE Taken in Charge by the
South side Police.

Anthony Stadler. of the South Side,
seems to be suffering from mental de-
rangement which was caused primar-
lily by an injury to the head. A few
days ago he fell from a porch at his
home, striking on his head. He was
stunned and has not been in his right
mind since.
Monday afternoon Stadler exhibited
himself on Pittston avenue. He was in
his stocking feet and wore no coat or
hat. He ran along the avenue crying
out that a band Of men, bent upon
taking his life. were following him.
There were 200 Of them, Stadler said,
and in the crowd were many policemen.
Patrolman /. +. Jones started in pur-
suit Of Stadler and arrested him. When
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
HIS CLOTHING CAUGHT FIRE.
Five-Yenr-OId Dunmore Boy Ser.
iousIy Burned Yesterday.

Charles, 8 years old, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Ford, of Drinker street,
was playing with matches yesterday
near his home. He lighted a piece of
paper and this ignited the little fellows
clothing.
He ran to his home, the flames creep
ing all over his body. Mrs. Ford, the
boys mother, in her frenzy attempted
to eXtinguish the flames with her
hands. She was painfully burned.
Neighbors ran to the rescue and ex-
tinguished the fire by the use of car
net.
Dr. o. F. Winters was called in and
found the boys injuries to be very serl-
Gus. His body and arms are badly
roasted and death may result. The
little fellow last evening rested as
easily as could be expected.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
GORDON AND MORAN FOUGHT.
Former Had the Best of the Savage
Argument.

Jersey Gordon and Paddy" Moran,
of local fame. met in an impromptu
ring in Mike Keeleys rooms on Lacka-
wanna avenue Monday evening. The
bout lasted about an hour and from
facial indications appeared to have
been exceedingly warm.
The affair was quietly pulled off,
and Jersey Gordon was high in favor
the favored spectators betting freely
on him. Gordon knocked Moran out
and did it nicely. Morans left eye
is badly confused and his nose is re-
ported broken in two places.
Gordon is the man who lost the de-
cision in his recent mix-up with Jack
Tighe. He claimed at the time thai
a game hand was the cause and prob.
ably desired to prove his assertion
by his "set-to" with Moran.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
FRANKLIN DEMOCRATS.
Declare That William J. Bryan Is The
Logical Candidate for 1900.

Chambersburg, Pa. Aug. 3.-The
Franklin county Democratic conven-
tion held here today was largely at
tended and was harmonious in all it's
deliberations. II. l. Huber, of Cham
bersburg, presided, and this ticket
was nominated:
Director Of the poor, William Gamble,
Metal; jury commissioner, L. N. Baker,
Letterkenny. The resolutions endorse
the Chicago platform, saying that Will
liam ]. Bryan is the logical candidate
of the Democracy in 1900 and close
with a strong denunciation of the
Pennsylvania legislature Of 1897, which
is said to be dangerous and corrupt
body, unworthy of the confidence of
their fellow citizens.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
AN ALLEGED SWINDLER.
York Authorities Capture n Stranger
Who Is Charged with Forgery.

York, August "A young man, who
gave his name as that of u. G. Wood
and stated that his home was Char
lotteville, Va, was arrested here yes
terday by officer Horn for trying to
swindle the merchants out of money.
1t is alleged that he had forged the
names of ]. G.. Eisenhart, p. A. & S.
Small and William Smith & Co., prom
inent men, to piece of paper, with a
view of getting donations from others,
alleging that he had a sick wife at
home.
Chief White ascertained by commun-
ication that the swindler had served
term in the Towsenton jail Mayor
| Brent sent him to Jail.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
Blue and GRAY Reunion.

Philadelphia, Aug. 3.-At a meeting
of prominent grand army men here to-
day, at which Mayor Warwick presid-
ed, it was unanimously decided to in
vite Pickett's division of ex-Confeder-
ate soldiers with headquarters at Rich
mond. Va, to attend the Blue and
Gray reunion here September 16 and
II. There has been considerable dis
cussion over the advlsability of ex-
tending the invitation.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
SONS OF ST. GEORGE.

Shomokin. Pa, Aug. 3.-The ninth
annual grand convention of the Sons
of st. George, in session here today,
elected and installed the following
grand officers: President, William
Armstrong; president, James
Langston; secretary, j. Henry Will
liams; treasurer, John Kenworthy;
sentinels, Albert ]. Peyton and Will
liam Simms; trustee, William Maylin;
master, William Griffiths.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
EXECUTORS NOTICE.

TSTATE OF LUTHENA j. BURKHART,
IL formerly LutheDa j. Peters,. late ofthe
township of Madison, county of Lackawan-
ma. Pennsylvania.
Letters testamentary upon the above
named estate having been granted to the un-
dersigned, all persons indebted TO the said
estate are requested to make payment, and
those having claims and demands to present
the same without delay to" "
POLLY LOUISE EDWARDS,
EVERETT WARREN,
WARREN d KNAPP, Executors
Attorneys for Estate
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
INJURED BY DYNAMITE.
Nine Boy Hurt While
Watching a Ball Game.

Reading, Aug. 3.-Howard E.. the g.
year-old son of Howard Bear, of this
city. had his left leg severely lacerated
by the explosion of a dynamite cap.
He was watching a game of base
ball, while near him were several boys
who had several sticks of dynamite
and a number of caps While fooling
with the caps one of them exploded.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
M'DADE'S BODY FOUND.
1t Was Cast from Ridley Creek by the
Recent Heavy Floods.

Chester, Aug. 3.-The body OF James
McDade, who was drowned in Ridley
creek on July 90, near his home at Tod
morden, was found this afternoon in
Irving's corn-field by Harland Wood
row, farm hand.
The body was badly decomposed, 1t
having been exposed to the sun after
being cast up on the shore by the swol-
len waters. The body was identified
by William McDade, son Of the
drowned man, and he was taken in
charge by Coroner Minshall. A re-
ward Of s25 had been offered for the re-
covery Of the body.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
YORK'S DEMOCRACY.
The County Convention Meets and
Registers the Usual Protest.

York, Pa, Aug. 3.--The Democratic
county convention was in session here
today.
At this mornings sessions resolu-
tions of the most pronounced free sill
YER character drafted by Chauncey f.
Black were adopted. They also ar
raign the Republican administration
of state affairs, and denounce the
tariff legislation of congress.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
Fell from a Freight Train.

Norristown, Aug. 3.-James Connolly,
living in the vicinity of Fifth street
and Lehigh avenue, fell from a freight
train near Merton, on the Pennsylvania
railroad, about o'clock this morning,
and was killed. Connolly was going
out into the country to pick berries.
He was 35 years old and leaves a wife
and several children.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
Semi-AnnuaI Dividend.

A per cent. semi-annual dividend
was declared yesterday by the Lacka-
wanna Trust and Safe Deposit COM
pany which is its eighteenth consecu-
tive one since its organization in 1887.
The addition of 10000 to it's surplus
account, makes the total amount $780,
600 and places the institution high in
rank as regards capital stock, undivid-
ed profits and surplus,
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
Cows Ate White Lead Paint.

Spring City, Aug. "a Kimberton
farmer the other day threw away some
white lead paint and his herd of valu-
able Alderneys came across it. The
cows ate of the poisonous substance
without his knowledge and the result
is three are dead, three more are ex-
pected TO die and a number of others
are very sick.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
ORPHANS COURT SALE.


ORPHANS COURT SALE. ESTATE
~ of Jabez Jenkins, deceased. By vir-
tue of an order by the Orphans court OF
Lackawanna county. Pennsylvania, there
from July 18th, 1872 in the arbitration
room in the court house at Scranton, on
Thursday the 10Th day of August, 1897,
at p. m, the following described real
kins, deceased, of the city of Scranton:
All that certain lot, piece or parcel Of
land situate in the city of Scranton;
county of Lackawanna, and state Of
Pennsylvania, described as follows:
Said lot of land being situate in the
Firth ward of the city of Scranton, and
number fifty-five (55), on street known
and called Fourteenth street, In the city
of Scranton. between Division street and
Luzerne street. being titty GW feet In
dred and fifty $50 feet deep and rec
tangular in shape. Coal and minerals
reserved.
Said property Will be offered for sale In
Section / being the westerly part of lot
number twenty (20), in block number fifty
by ]. Herman" and being fourteen QD
feet in front on Fourteenth street, and
one hundred and fifty $50 feet deep
and rectangular in shape; improvements,
part of one single dwelling house. Coal
and minerals reserved.
Section 2 being the easterly part OF lot
number twenty (20, in block fifty-flve
b5)). on map of South Hyde Park. by
]. Herman" and being thirty-six (36(
feet In front, on Fourteenth street, and
one hundred and fifty Q50) feet deep, and
one double two-story dwelling house. Coal
and minerals reserved.
TERMS OF SALE.
TWENTY-FIVE per cent 20 per cent? OF
| the purchase money to be paid in cash
on the day of the sale, twenty-five per
cent. (25 per cent? on the final confirma-
| tion of the sale by the court, and tho
| balance to be paid with interest, three
| (9 months from date of said confirma-
| tion, to be secured by bond and mort
gage.
| WILLIAM o. JENKINS.
Executor.
Watson, Diehl,. Hall & Kemmerer,.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
Wrapped in a Coil of Hot Steel.

Johnstown, Aug. 3.-William Horten,
an employe of the Cambria Rod mill,
had a narrow escape from a horrible
death. He was terribly burned by a
hot coil of steel wrapping around him
while he was working on the rolls at
the Cambria mills this evening. Pres
ence of mind saved him from being
cut in two by the steel. His wounds
are serious
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
BURNED TO DEATH.
Mrs. SIentake Meets Death in ENpIo.
sion of Kerosene.

Easton, Pa, Aug, 3,-Mrs. George
Slentake, of East Bangor, was burned
to death at her home this morning
Her husband arose and built a fire in
the stove. He left a can of kerosene
on the hearth and short time later it
exploded setting fire to Mrs. Slentake's
clothes.
She ran out into the yard and the
wind famed the flames. She died soon
after.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
BUSY POLICE COURT.
Mayor Bailey PLAYS the Judge with
Much Credit.

Sixteen persons were before Mayor
Bailey yesterday morning in police
court. All had been arrested Monday
night and during the wee hours of
Tuesday morning. Charles Conway
and Ella Conway, the woman known
as the "Sorrell Mare" were fined $40
each for creating a disturbance at No.
Is Lackawanna avenue.
The seven tramps arrested at the
rolling mill went to the county Jail
for 10 days each. Michael Holleran
paid s. for trying to clean out a hotel
with q club.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
Fell Into the Well.

Norristown. Aug. 3.-Eddie Berry,
aged about 3 years, and a son of Jo-
seph Berry, Of Conshohocken, fell into
the well at his parents home last even
ing. SO much time was lost in the
work of rescue that he was dead when
brought to the surface.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
Walked Though Skull Was Fractured

Reading, Aug accomplishing of Sc
we're pain in his head, caused, he said,
by being struck with a coupling pin,
Edward McGinnis, of Palo Alto, appli-
ed at the Reading hospital for relief.
An examination revealed a fractured
skull and his condition is critical.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04

On tne renultIOH OF INC fOurth DaTIOt
Tingley was declared elected.
Then Tingley spoke and thanked the
convention, whereupon several cried
Justify for Roger Searle. He also spoke
to the multitude assembled and when
he had finished the convention adjourn
ed, and 1t might be truthfully said that
c. f.. Tingley was the only happy man
who left the Court house, save his
friends. Selden Munger.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
Surrendered by Bondsman.

Joseph Mahofski, of Olyphant, was
yesterday surrendered by his bonds
man, julius Eczgusy and was lodged in
the county Jail. Mahofsk was arrest
ed for assault and battery and on May
22 entered bail in the sum of 5000 before
Squire Cummings, of Olyphant, Ecz-
gusy becoming his bondsman.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
CITY SCAVENGER.

A BBRIGGS CLEANS PRIVY VAULTS
n. and cess pools; no odor. Improved
pumps used. A. BRIGGS, Proprietor.
Leave orders 100 N. Main ave, or Eickes'
drug store, corner Adams and Mulberry.
Telephone 6O40
CHAS. COOPER, CITY SCAVEN GER
~ All orders promptly attended to, day or
night. All the latest appliances Charges
reasonable. TO Scranton street. House.
1925 Washburn street.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
Pennsylvania neW$.

Oakland; l.. p. Norton (not Morton),
Uniondale, and Richard Rooney, Apol-
aeon. AS the ballots progressed the ex-
citement was intense. After the sec
ond ballot Grace withdrew, as did
Norton after the third. Following is
tho score.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
HORSE WANTED EXERCISE.
Took a Lively Spin Around the Gen.
traI CITY Streets,

One of Cusick's horses distinguished
itself yesterday by running wild about
the central part of the city. The
horse was being shod at Dunn's shop
on Linden street when It escaped and
cavorted around for a time.
Near the postoffice building the horse
slipped and fell. The animals knees
were badly scraped. Finally, and of
its own will, the horse walked into the
stable
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
Marriage Licenses Granted.

Marriage licenses were granted yester-
day by Clerk of the Courts Thomas to
Conrad Evans and Jennie Brown, Scran-
ton; Harry Sellers and Bonnie E. Smith,
Scranton; Thomas Smith and Bridget
Christy, Scranton; Frank II. Filarski and
WIadyslews Bulka, of Priceburg.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04

locked up the unfortunate man became
quiet thinking that the iron bars pro-
tected him from the imaginary crowd.
Stadler is a mason by trade and
lived in the Nineteenth ward. He will
probably be sent to the Hillside home.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1897-08-04
Cedar Run Postmaster.

Washington, Aug. &C. A. Gamble
was today appointed postmaster at Cs-
dar Run, LycominC county, vice d. W.
Gamble, removed.