The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1897-07-03

be in fine health so is it important she shall be of
fine FORM in short she shall have what is the first
and greatest requisite in selecting breeders, good
constitution This win give the large deep barrel so
that the organs of digestion shall not be crowded
by the oetus and deep pelvic structure that the
foetus may have ample room for the development
and for a safe and easy birth.
One other point which helps the theories we have
mentioned is that very generally the diseases of the
vital organs are most likely to come from the
female while diseases of the joints are more likely
to be from the male
There is no doubt and facts have adduced in sew
eral articles lately in support of another theory
and that is owing to some inserutable delicacy OF
structure of the female or of great yigor of the
male viz that the influence of the male especially
of the male of the first conception fingers and acts
long after the birth of the first foetus and makes its
mark of influence on after births. These are sub
teties past our finding out the cause, but they act
as warnings to to be careful to breed from only
pure bred males, for breeding from scrub bulls
know not what deformities or bad influences are to
act upon future conceptions; and repeat the only
safe practice is to use first last and all the time
pure bred bulls in making grades; and the purer the
bull is in his breed that is of Characteristic
type the more potential he will be in transmitting
the desired types and the more power he will have
on his mate if she is pure bred too
To improve the dairy results it is very important
while using the bull your best selected cows
that he too shall be of dairy appearance. His hide
should be very mellow and hair short and soft and
his color of cuticle golden. These will be caused
by the butyraceous nature he has inherited. There
fore bull selected from known milking ancestry
would be most likely to inherit the tendency stron
enough to impart it. Another desirable point for
him TO have is what are yulgarly called milk VEINS
though the transmtters of blood back to the heart
These, with four well developed BEATS are great
addition to his value. The close student of the
eseutcheon will find the more he intelligently OBJ
serves it the likely the fuller aud broader the
more perfect and even it is and the more likely he
will find the greater number of the best points
accompanying it, Then, if it is desired to obtain
good escutcheon as your milking stock, your bull
must have it, for from nothing nothing comes he
cannot impart it unless he has it, Few bulls that
to the critical eye Tstrate in all points will be
found without good eseutheon
II win not do to select the bull becase he is hand
some or of elegant figure. AS well might we select
the dude for our type of for his ability of
intellect as to select the bull for his beauty of
appearance instead of his dairy qualities inner
itance. The best bulls have been the uglest,
Rioter I'd, Signal Albert and others, but they were
well built and vigorous and were well bred from
dairy stock. The bull that comes from dairy inner
itance on both sides is the one best to be relied
upon, not from the phenomenal animal who is an
exception to her ancestors but we believe several
of the phenomenal cows have led toa closer inspec
ton of their ancestry ana not been found wanting
The aim, too should be to cross the stronger ami
NAL on the weaker, in order to improve the consti-
tuition as the result That this can be done proven
by the immunity from diseases which cross bred
animals have, where the thoroughbreds not
free from them. There is no doubt that many of
the pure breeds suffer from many diseases which
are prevalent, but from which the grades are free
Whether it is in the one case from too much in
breeding of the same types while i'll the other
the crossing outbreeding brings in new blood we
can only state our surmises and belief Frequently
we hear of grades doing more and better work than
their ancestors on either side have done. Surely
this must be from more vitality or vgor from the
infusion of new blood. Nor need the breeder fear
that his grades may inherit any tendency to certain
diseases from the pure bred side. All this to
be corrected by the mixing of bloods
No farmer should be satisfied unless, according to
the size of his herd he is raising from three to five
grade calves every year. The average cost of rails
ing yearling, as reported by hundreds of CORE
spondents of the state board of Pennsylvania and
from every county in the state, was S11.10 and of
the half dozen counties, including Chester, Della
ware, Montgomery, Bucks, Berks and Philadelphia,
where feed is higher than anywhere else in the
state, the average for yearling $1,000 and for
one two years old S24.50, and the average of the
whole state was $1,000. Now, as the heifer may be
allowed to drop her first calf at two years old her
calf would be worth at least $1,000. Thus any
farmer can see how he is letting the bung- hole
open, while he is playing with the spigot. AZ ami
NAL that he raise for from SO to SIS he will go
to the sales and give $50 to $50 for and know moth
ing about its parentage while if he raised it at home
ont of his best COW from selected bull he would
know all about it.
Not only by raising his own stock will he get it
at a nominal cost and one too, that he win never
feel, but he will get a vastly better herd than he
buy at any price LIST, by raising his calves
from his best cows, but by little allowable in
breeding, he will bring his stock up to threefourths
and seyen-eighths pure in very short time. This
process, too, fixes and enarges the good qualities
which his bull and his best cows possess. But he
must start right, that is with good animals for he
must not fiatter himself that by inbreeding he is
going to seat permanently only the good qualities
which he wants or knows his animals to possess
He must remember the bad traits, like sin, as
deeply rooted as the good traits and he must breed
from those that have the fewest of them
The old adage of like produces like made breed
erS careful 10 'DfeeO from the DeSt anu from lHe
winner in that small circle of the best" But the
mysteries of breeding often confront the breeder
with an animal that is certainly Rot-ef-t4e best
Whether it is from some bad and perhaps unknown
trait from ancestors on either side reappearing or
because the conjunction of the two parents was
not happy ''nick no one can tell, but these slips
have occurred often enough in every breeders
experience 10 make him believe in the truth of
another maxim, ''There is a black sheep in every
flock" These should not discourage him but only
make him search into his breeding all the closer
to discover where the fault can be corrected.
He should breed for constitution, for beauty of
FORM not mere beauty but that form which is "hand
some is that handsome does'-that yields: for beef
if for beef breed, for milk and butter if for the
dairy All these must be subsidiary to profit derived
from the lowest cost Of feeding Perfection of form
for the purpose wished will bring most generally
the best results at the lowest cost of feeding This
idea must be settled in his mind and he must con-
stantly breed up to his settled form. Not to see
how little his animals will eat, but to have them
yield the biggest returns for the amount eaten.
Mary Anne is a striking example. No COW was
ever reported to have eaten as much as she did
during her test but no COW has ever been reported
to have yielded as much for continuous period
and therefore She though the biggest eater, was
the largest producer and which results reduced the
cost of her products besides requiring the care for
but one COW, while it would have required that for
three cows. So long as there was a profit in her
yield beyond the cost of her keep, and this was in
proportion to the amount of her YIELD then she was
a profitable COW and a more profitable one than she
that eats less and yields less This is the point that
the breeder must strive for-to feed as much as he
can, so long the proportion of profit is main
tanned. Thus the COW that yields 500 pounds per
annum is more profitable than the that yields
only 800 pounds, even though she may eat 40 per
cent. more food than the poorer yielder, for the
care of 10 cows of either yield will be the same,
nearly yet the yield of manure and other savings
of expenses will make the 500 pound COW the most
desirable as the practical man will soon find out
And his returns be will in the receipts from a
costly and condensed product, while his expendi-
lures will be for bulky and less costly material
The objects to be gained, that have but limited
at in the time you have given me your attention,
can be secured only by two means-selection and
grading Both carefully followed, are the surest
means of improving the herd up to the highest
standard The rules of selection you will find in
our handbook ''How to Select Cows" With a
good foundation by the process of critical and
intelligent selection a superstructure may be raised
by grading with pure bred bulls up to so high
standard that the yield may be phenomenal, the
pride of the owner may be INDUCED, pattern may
be set and large profit reached.