New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-01-06
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METHOD OF RECOGNITION
A MEMORANDUM SUPPORTING sEcRE
TARY oLNEY's CONTENTION.

A LONG LIST OF PREcEDENTS GOING TO sHow
THAT RECOGNITION 10. PURELY ExEcU-
TIVE FUNCTION - THE Docu-
MrsNr PRESENTED IN THE
SENATE BY MR. HALE.
Washington. Jan. SIN the Senate to-day Mr..
Hale submitted and had printed as document
memorandum prepared by the Department Oh o'a'e
on the method of recognition Of foreign govern
ments and foreign States by the Government VI ''o
United States from 1889 to 1884, tending 10 sno"
the accuracy OF Secretary Olneys contention that
the recognition OF foreign governments was ex-
clusvely an Executive function. In which Congress
had no part. After citations from writer's ." III
ternatioral law, the memorandum se's iortn spe
officially the States that have been recognized ana
the manner OF doing so.
The French Republic 1898. recognized py the re-
ception by Washington OF Minister Genet as inc
representative OF the new republic
The Empire 1884, in which the recognition OF
NAPOLEON as Emperor was effected by creden'ia's
TO Mr. Armstrong, the American Minister at faris.
These credentials were signed In blank so that
they could be filled out In the form required by
the new Government and be ready to be pre-
sonted whom Mr. Armstrong was satisfied that the
Empire was in possession and control OF the
governmental power and the territory OF the ma
tion the usual conditions precedent In all cases
of recognition by the United States Government
A similar course was followed upon the abdication
of Napoleon and the restoration OF the monarchy
OF 1914.
The next radical change in the form OF the
French Government was the republic OF 1HS. The
Provisional Government was proclaimed on the
morning of February Is. 1S4S. and recognized
by Mr. Rush. the American Minister. on the 18th
by an address to the members OF the new Govern
ment. New credentials were sent 10 Mr.. Rush, and
the President expressed his approval OF the Min
a~,x 20 nt~a thn moi
republic.
within few years." continues the memoran-
dun, ut became again necessary for the American
Government to signify its view OF another revolt
ton OF power In France In the decree OF the
Second Empire and the accession Of Napoleon III.
This recognition was effected by an instruction to
that effect and a new audience In the usual way
to Mr. Rives our Minister at Paris. with renewal
of assurance that the United States gladly recog-
nized the right of every nation to determine the
form of it's government"
At the close of the Franco-German war; the de-
position of Napoleon III and the proclamation OF
the republic by Gambetta. Minister Washburne
was authorized by telegraph to recognize the re-
pubic-1s70 Mr.. Davis, Acting Secretary of State.
first instructed Mr.. Washburne to recognize the
Provisional Government II I'm possession and con-
troll his second dispatch was unconditional and
directed recognition; the third instructed him to
tender the Presidents congratulations upon the
establishment Of a republican government when the
proper moment should arrive to communicate them.
March II, 1871. Mr.. Fish telesraphed Mr.. Wash
burne to recognize the Government OF NJ Theirs
THE SOUTH AMERICAN STATES.
The independent States Of South America were
recognized by President Monroe. who dispatched
Ministers to the Argentine Republic. January 81,
1923: Chill. January q. 1929 and Mexico. January
27 1923 Colombia recognized by the Presi-
dents reception Of Samuel Torres as Charge
d'Afraires January IS or 10. 1922 At this time Co
lombia consisted Of what afterward became
Ecuador, w-Granada and Venezuela by separa-
ton.
Brazil declared independence September I. 1872
and Pedro l. son Of King John VI. Of Portugal. was
proclaimed Emperor December !. 1922 The inde-
pendenco Of the Empire was recognized by the
Presidents reception Of Senior Rebello as Minister
to the United States May 49, 1924
November H. 1882 Mr. Adams telegraphed that
the imperial family sailed that day and that
. GovernmentAde facto. with Ministry, had been
established and perfect order maintained Two
DAYS later a dispatch from Mr. Blaine instructed
Mr. Adams to maintain diplomatic relations with
the Provisional Government Of Brazil. and so soon
as the majority OF the people had signed their as
sent to the establishment Of the republic to give to
It. on behalf Of the United States. formal and
cordial recognition.
The Fedora ton OF Central American States was
recognized by the Presidents reception OF MIR.
Canez as Minister. August A. 1924. Prior TO that
date two commissioners. diplomatic in character.
had visited Washington but the records OF the De-
partment do not disclose any act of the Govern
ment of the United States involving recognition or
the instruction to recognize. This federation con-
sisted Of the States Of Honduras. Guatemala and
Nicaragua Costa Rica and Salvador.
The kingdom Of Hawaii was recognized in 1926
whoa Captain Thomas APP Gatesby Jones was sent
there to negotiate treaty which was signed by
the King December %. 1896 The Provisional Gov
eminent of Hawaii was recognized by the negotia-
ton Of the annexation treaty Of February IA. 1893
Loren A. Thurston. Minister from Hawaii. was re-
ceived by the President June O. 1885, and Mr.. Willis
was commissioned as Minister TO the Hawaiian
Islands September 10. 1893, the President having
previously sent a commissioner. Mr.. Blount. to re-
port upon the revolution
Relgum by the revolution Of 1880. became inde-
pendent OF The Netherlands. and separate State
was organized in July. 1881. Following the treaty
Of peace In November. 1884, the United States rec
ognized the independence Of Belgium by the ssu-
ance of an exequatur to the Belgian Consul In
New York January g. 1892
The independence Of Texas was recognized by
the sending of Mr. La Branche as Charge d. AT.
flares March T. 1897, after the President had salts
fled himself that the newly organized Government
was In possession and control and capable Of main
tanning It's status and after Mexico's attempted In
vason had been abandoned
BY the revolution Of 1927 Greece became
through the Intervention Of the European Powers
independent Of Turkey: republic was established
| in 1925 and kingdom in 1892. The United States
recognized the independence of Greece by enpow
| er,ng Mr. Stevenson. the American Minister a.
| London, November T. 1897 to negotiate treaty
| with that Power.
| While the independence of Hungary no
| achieved and the revolution Of 1888 was sup
| pressed by the Intervention OF Russia, the actor
| Of this Government with view to prompt recog
milton In the event of success Is we'll worth exam
| ination, says the memorandum. President Taylo
| sent Dudley Mann to Europe to inquire fully int
| the situation and confded to him wide discretion
| respecting the Hungarian revolutonists and thu
| willingness Of the United States to recognize thu
new Government (Which had elected a Presdcn
and chosen a Legislature) as soon as its power Il
maintain Its independence should be evinced
HAYTI AND LIBERIA.
| The Republic Of Hayt was recognized by thu
| Government through sending a commissioner an,