davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
A "Reminiscences of ElktUn.
MR.. EDITOR:

MIR. EDITOR:
Coming recently into possession of a copy
of history Of Method SIN in the District of
Columbia. l found therein the following
sketch OF one OF the early preachers of that
denomination, which will have come interest.
| think. fpr ut least the older readers of the
Wing. it's 81 set having been we'll known In
Elktun and in Cecil county. generally.
The sketch il prefuced with the statement
that the District of Columbia was, in 1774; a
part of Frederick Circuit. within the bounds
OF Asburys great Baltimore Crcuit,n and
that Philip Catch was preacher in charge. 1t
then proceeds as follows
civilian Duke was assistant. Duke was
quite youth Mt his time. Licensed to exhort
when but seventeen years of age, he soon
gave himself to the travelling ministry, and
was appointed to what was then a frontier
circuit. He was snholarl,. and carried with
him Greek Testament that once belonged to
Captain Thomas Webb, the founder of
Methodism on Long Island. in parts Of New
jersey, and in Philadelphia He remained
in the Methodist ministry only six or seven
years, and during the sncramental controversy
that occurred among the Methodist OF Virginia
located. He entered the ministry of the
Protestant Episcopal Church, in which he
had been brought up. was settled at Easton,
Maryland. where he died in 1910 He wore
his Methodist ccat to the end, was loved and
respected, and generally called Father
Duke"
My information respecting Rev. Mr.. Duke,
derived from hearsay leads me to believe
that Mr.. Duke settled and died in ElktOn
and not in Easton, as stated in the above
sketch. Is not that the fact, Mr.. Editor?
j. S. CRAWFORD.
Washington, ID. c.. Nov. 10, 1897.
The Rev. William Duke WIS II native of
Baltimore county. At l6 years of age he WAS
licensed as a Methodist Itinerant and in l774
was member of the Philadelphia Confer
enee, in which h" remained until 1873 when
he subsequently took orders in the Protestal
Episcopal Church. la 1898 he married Miss
Hetty Coudon daughter of Rev. joseph
| Coudon whom he succeeded as Rector Of
st. Anne's Church for three years, and
being principal of Charlotte Hall. st. Mary's
county. Md, in 1912. He died in EIktun in
1910 in his SD year. During the latter years
Of his life he built on Bow street, in tn .
town, an independent chapel in which he
conducted services. Mr.. Henry Holdings
worth, who was County Surveyor, and son Of
Col. Henry Hollingsworth of Revolutionary
distinction, aud an uncle of our respected
feIlow-townsman, John Partridge being his
most prominent supporter. Mr. Duke was
Il scholarly man and was the author of
several literary works. and left one child, the
late Miss Hetty Duke.-EDl
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

Three hundred and FLY
pairs of large size Bed Blan-
kets, white with red or blue
borders. Specia price for
this week, $Lc6 from s. per
pair.
1900 yards OF unbleached
Sheeting Muslin at SC. per
yard; 40 inches wide; worth
s cents.
Fifty dozen Ladies' ribbed
fleece lined Vests with pearl
buttons. They are white or
cream, and regular soc. quail
ties but with a slightly imper-
feet stitch now and then,
therefore 25c. each.
The celebrated Luzerne
Underwear for men and wo-
men in white, natural, gray
or scarlet, still at old prices.
No underwear stands tor
higher qualities than these
and once used you are a
convert.
A new line of Ladies'
Aprons-good big generous
Aprons, made Of fine lawn
with 3 tucks and vide hem,
25c. each.
Boys heavy Stockings
guaranteed stainless fast
black. They have double
heel, double toe and double
knee and will hold the average
boys pairs for soc.
Saline Down Quilts, guar
anteed not to shed and filled
with pure Eiderdown, per-
fectly odorless; they are regu-
lar So 50 qualities; an opera
ton tor cash will enable US to
fer them for $500.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

A cup Of muddy coffee is not wholesome,
neither is bottle of muddy medicine. One
way to know reliable and skilfully- pre-
pared blood-puriller is by its freedom from
sediment. Ayers Sarsaparila is always
bright and sparkling, because it is an extract
and not decocton.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

81 escaped being a confirmed dyspeptic by
taking Ayers Pills in time" This is the ex
perience of many. Ayers Pills, whether as
an after-dinner pill or as remedy for liver
complaint, indigestion, hatulency, water
brasil and nausea. are inYaluble
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
"MeXican Chick"

The wonder worker,
who has been per
forming such WON
derful cures through
o9t the country, has
arrived in Elkton and
will remain here for
n limited time. Mex
lean Chick is accom-
panied 10y his cele-
brated concert COM
pany, consisting of
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

1vsrcuat Most men
m ust be
Year b y n e
Overco a t S
or we must he selling the
kind that men are talking
abOut-new Coats all
through the stock. Nobby
Short Box Goats for
young men, Smooth Ker-
seys-in Blacks, Browns,
Blues and Drabs-S1o,
$I2 and SIS. Smooth
Kerseys regular lengths
at $40, $I2 and SIS
made with heavy double
warp Italian cloth lining,
satin sleeves and velvet
collar. Our SIG heavy
Skinner Satin Lined Coat
is a very snowy, durable
and dressy coat-blacks
and hines Coyert Ton
Coats in Fall weights at
So, $40 and S12; silk
lined, at $40 and SIS.
Heavy Coverts at $40
and SIS; cut short and
made very loose fitting.
MINISTER'S, or Dress VI
sters, in young mems
sizes.
Open evenings.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

To secure an abundant growth OF hair, use
Halls Hair Remover, or, if poss, ssing an
abundance, it may be kept looking finely 10y
useiug the Remover occasionally.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

This is to give notice that the subscribers of
Cecil county have obtained from the Orphans
Court of said county letters of administration
on the personal estate of
DANIEL HARVEY,
late of said county, deceased. All persons
having claims against the said deceased are
hereby warned to exhibit the same with the
vouchers thereof duly authenticated,
on or before the 4th day of May 1898,
they may otherwise be excluded from any
benefit of said estate. All persons indebted
to said estate are requested to make immc-
diate payment to the subscriber. Given under
our hands this 18th day of November, 1891.
CATHARINE HARVEY.
DANIEL HARVEY and
ARTHUR HARVEY,
novl3 Executors.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

L. W. Gibney, formerly at Eighth and
| Market streets, is now located at 407 Market
street, Wilmington, with a complete line of
ready made overcoats and full stock of Gus
| tom clothing material.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
ORDER NISI.
Henry C. Wells vs. John H. Marshbank, ct al
In the Circuit Court for Cecil County, Ii
Equity, No.

Ordered, this Gath day of November in the
year 1897, that the sale of property men,
toned in these proceedings. made and re-
ported by l.. Marshall Haines, trustee, be
ratified and confirmed, unless cause to the
contrary thereof be shown on or before the
9Th day of January next, provided copy
of this order be inserted in some newspaper
printed and published in Cecil county once
a week for one month before the 18th day of
December next.
The report states the amount of sale to be
$1,000.
JOHN G. WILLIAMS,
True Copy-Test: Clerk.
Nov2I-4w JOHN G, WILLIAMS, Clerk.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
FARnERS IMPROVE YOUR STOCK.
BRONZE GOBBLERS, WHITE Pc
KIN DUCKS, BARRED Ply
MOUTH ROCK COCkERELS.

Berkshire Pigs, and months. Stock guar
antecd thoroughbred and all winners at Cecil
county fair 1861.
IL. d. NJ. HOWARD.
Nov27-6w Elkton, Md.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
To Publishers and Booksellers.

Proposals are solicited for the supply of
books and stationery for the pubic schools. of
Ceci. county, for the term beginning Jan l.
1898 and ending July 81 1899. Proposals to be
opened Tuesday, Dec, 18th, at 80 p. m, Office
School Commissioners.
GEORGE BIDDLE,
Secretary.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
Notice to Borrower.

Some time ago some one borrowed from me
a copy of Johnston's History of Cecil
County" viii the borrower please return it
to me? X. G. Til ACKERY
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

MAN wANTED-AN ENERGETIC MAN
in every town in Cecil county. Permanent
work for one man in each town. Address by
letter,
J.T GOODWIN.
81 Il. LanValr St,
nOv6-4t Baltimore Md.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

FOR SALE - THOROUG BRED BERK-
shire Pigs, entitled to registry, OF all sizes at
reasonable prices. Address
WI LIAM DRAKE,
Nov .13-5w Bank, Cecil county, Md.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
Saddle for Sale.
Chesapeake City Store For Rent.

Store House under Masonic Hail. Chcsa-
peake City, Nd, possession given March 18th,
1898. Apply to W. SMlT EkS.
20nOy-tf
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
Wanted.

BEEF HIDES WANTED-HIGH EST CAS- IL
price paid for Beef Hides and Tallow. 10 \
5. LEE, East End Market House, FlktOn, Md.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
nOvG-4t
To Loan.

SIS 900 in sums to suit on First Mortgage
Of Real Estate Apply to
X. c. THACKERY, ATTORNEY.
jly3,tf Elktpn, Md.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

|. w. GIBNEY, FORMERLY AT EIGHTH
and Mark ct Wilmington, is now located at
+O1 Market street. with complete line of
rcady-made ovCrcoats for men, us well as
a large assortment of custom clothing ma
tcrial. octp-tf
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

BY virtue nnd in execution of the power
contained in Il mortgage from John Cunning
ham and Mary b. Cunningham, his wife,
dated March =, 1876, and recorded in libcr A.
W. NJ, No. ., iolio lbs, &c, one of the mort
gage records of Cecil county, the undersigned
the mortgugc,, VIII sell at public sale at thu.
Court House door in the town of Ekton, in
Cecil county, on
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
Business Notices.

AS THE CHRISTMAS SEASON DRAWS
near people desiring presents as holiday gifts
look 10 Frazer. Main street, Elkt0u, to prop
ery supply their wants cheapy. Promin, nt
among his bargains this year are the oxford
Teachers Bibles, bound in fun Turkn y
Morocco, prices of which have been reduced
from % to $50.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 7th, 1897

that Farm whereof William d. Bye. late Of
said county deceased, died seized and pos
sCsscd, situated in the Fourth Election Dis
trict of Cecil County, Maryland, near Provi-
de CO Paper Mill and Il joining lands of Wm
NJ Singcrly and others and containing
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1897-11-27

BY virtue OF Il decree of the Circuit Court
for CccIl County in equity, passed in il cause
whc Elm Charles Bye ct al are plaintiffs and
Samuel G. Bye ct al are defendants, the UNI
dcrsigncd, til" trustee therein NAMED, will
sell ut public auction, on the premises de-
Scribed herein, ON
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
|EVS OF NEW CASTLE
GRACE ANp HEALrA.
smooth and Easy Movements the Sc
cret of HealthfuI Activity.

cret of Healthful Activity.
Everyone has had occasion to observe
in himself at one time or another some
peculiarly happy performance; an
action that was wrought with smooth
ness and ease; that was the result Of an
unconsciouslyfin fine adjustment of means
to an end, and had a delightful finish
and completeness. a. feat of this kind,
be it the writing of a poem. the build
ing Of a bridge or the making of per-
feet bow upon an important occasion,
gives us happiness. 1t becomes pleas
ant memory and enables us to bear up
against the mortifying instances In
which we were awkward aud maladroit.
An inquiry into the reason of our
satisfactions with these rare perform
ances would prove that simplicity and
directness had largely TO do with their
success. 1--WE forgot ourselves" as the
phrase is, and acted under an inspira-
tion that infallibly guided us straight
to the desired point without friction or
waste Of energy. And this is the great
secret Of healthful activity; to move
smoothly and easily to the point. avoid
ing all useless and spasmodic motions.
Just as it has been ordained that we
shall find enjoyment in harmonious.
economical efforts. it has been ordered
that we shall suffer from ierky. III
directed movements that so far from
being a part of our progress impede it
and waste bo,h our muscular and our
nervous force.
The reason why smooth, gliding mo-
tons are pleasing to us. either to our
selves or when we witness them in 9TH
ers. is that they seem to ibe natural
and spontaneous. We like the idea OF
reserved power. All appearance. of
straining and struggling is painful. and
our sympathy with an easy, graceful
performance Of difficult feat reaches
the point Of esthetic delight when we
look at beautiful dancing. excellent
rowing or even observe an example OF
perfectly adjusted power in a machine
i Smooth movements, those in harmony
? with plan, being always congenial to
+ us. and jerkiness always disagreeable
. the inference is instant that we car
eliminate one element of discomfort by
becoming direct and simple in all our
movements.
!, Many people think that gracefulnes'
is something affected even insincere
/ Perhaps they are thinking Of the sick
e ly grace" of the heroines OF certain old
D fashioned novels. who moved through
r the pages with languor that arousei
the just scorn of wide-awake moderr
reader. But "sickly grace" has gone
along'with ethereal delicacy" and 9th
er cherished symptoms Of blue blood il
decline. and heathful grace has takel
its place. There is nothing deceitfu
about that.-Florence Hull Winterburn
e In Woman's Home Companion.
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
BOLTED IN A HURRY
German Troops Sent the Chi
nese Helter Shelter.
QUICKLY EVACUATED KIAO CHAU.
Il Is Now Stated That the Murder OF tho
Missionaries Near Yen chu Flu
Was Planned by Mon
goiian Governor.

LONDON, Nov. 1S.-A special dis
patch from Shanghai says that the
commander of the German cruiser Di-
vision, Admiral Won Diederich. landed
troops at Kiao Chau on Monday morn
Ing The three forts were held by 1900
Chinese and their guns commanded the
fleet. Admiral Won Diederich placed hts
four cruisers Immediately opposite
ready to fire. and sent an ultimatum
ordering an evacuation Of the forts
within three hours
Six hundred German troops and six
guns were then landed and began to
march forward. The Chinese hesitated
for few moments. and then the whole
]. 500 bolted helter skelter across the
hills behind the fort. The Germans
quietly entered the fortifcatiOns. haul
ed down the Chinese flag and hoisted
the German standard, which the war
ships saluted Immediately. The Chi
nese general, who had his family with
him. did not fee, but claimed German
| protection.
The forts are now held by the Cor
mans. who, it is believed at Shanghai,
intend TO remain permanently. In oiii-
cial Chinese circles Germany is con-
sidered to have committed an act of
war, but it is regarded as improbable
that China, on account of her weak
ness, will take action upon II as such.
American and British warships have
been ordered to Kiao Chau to watch
developments. The greatest interest Is
felt as to the result of Germany's ac-
ton because the region is immensely
rich in minerals and the harbor th'
best along the coast.
1t is now asserted that the murder o.
the two German missionaries near Yei
Chu Flu was not the work of bandits
as originally understood. but was de
liberately planned by II Pung Hing
governor of the province, prior to hi
departure for Sect Chouan, OF which h
has been appointed viceroy
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
Murderer Anderson Indicted.

NORFOLK, Nov 1S-The federal
grand jury IN the case of the crew Of
the olive Pecker convened yesterday
and after a session of Az hours return
ed the following true bills. John An
derson, for murder of Captain John w.
Whitman, for murder Of Mate William
Wallace Saunders 1.-TWO indictments)
and for destruction OF the vessel; VIII
liam Horsburgh, John Lind and Juan
de Dios Barrial alias Manuel Barrial,
accessories after the murder of Mate
Saunders and accessories after the muir
der of Captain Whitman: John Ander-
son. William Horsburgh, John Lind and
Juan dc Dios Barrial. FOR destruction OF
the vessel. Prior to the session Of the
grand jury Martin Barstad and Andrew
March, two OF the crew OF the Olive
Pecker. were given a hearing before
United States Commissioner Ackiss and
acquitted They We're held as witnesses
and, being unable to furnish bonds, are
now in jail awaiting the trial.
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
LET BRIDES PROMISE TO OBEY.
n Girl shrinLs from the Pledge She
Had Better Remain Unmarried.

n Girl ShrinLs from the Pledge She
Had Better Remain Unmarried.
Ifa girl shrinks from the word "obey,"
or hesitates to speak it at the altar,
it will be better that she shall never
approach the hour of her marriage.
Either she is doubtful of her own love
or distrusts the heart of her lover. And
in either case her marriage win be n
sin in the eyes Of God. Where marriage
is Il union of true love-and marriage
should be naught but that-the question
of "obey" is not thought of; it does
not enter the mind of the girl. One
thought alone is uppermost and su-
preme: the union of two loving hearts,
each filled with the thought of the other
both to be united in one complete
whole. That is marriage, and that
alone. Let nonessentials enter it, and
the holiest state in which man and
woman can enter this side of Heaven
becomes a wrong. an irreparable sin.
Shall these two girls, then, and all
other girls with their faces turned to-
ward the altar of marriage during these
weeks to come, say, "obeyg' Yes, a
thousand times, yes. And as they say
It to the men of their hearts. so VIII
the men, in turn, promise to love them
as wives, "even as Christ loved the
church" which unites them, land gave
Himself for it." No woman has ever
found it difficult to obey her husband
who loves her as only a true man can
love one woman in a universe. She
does not find the little word coming mp
in her married life to make her regret
its utterance. On the contrary, she
never thinks of it, except to be thank
full that she did not shrink from it. The
state of matrimony is not state of de-
mand on the part of the husband. nor
of obedience on the part Of the wife
It is a perfect state that lifts two peo-
pie higher; n state where love is mas
terful and upreme.-Edward W. Box
in Ladies' Home Journal.
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
doctors Say AIoohollsm Killed Her.

NEWBURG. n. Y. Nov lS.-Mrs.
Amos Tombs. aged 60 years. was found
dead in her home i'm Fostertown. a
small hamlet four miles from here. Her
husband reported the death to a neigh
bor Mrs. Tombs' dead body hung over
the edge of a couch. There was a deep
wound In the forehead, made by some
blunt instrument Coroner Perrott OF
Newburg had Tombs. who was stupidly
drunk lodged in jail here. Considerable
blood was spattered about the room
The doctors think death due to alcohol
ism. but an inquest viii be held TO de-
termine. A large quantity OF rum was
found in the house.
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
The Hair Rater yacht Championship.

MONTREAL. Nov lS.-The Royal st.
Lawrence Yacht club has accepted the
challenge of the Seawanhaka Yacht
club to compete for the Seawanhaka
Corinthian challenge cup for small
yachts Under the deed of gift of this
cup all challenges must be given by a
recognized club, no individual chal-
Ienges being recognized and under the
last amendment of .he deed during a
period of so days following a race the
challenged club has the option 70 choose
which Of the challenges offered it will
accent
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
Lemon rice.

Wash one teacupful OF rice in several
waters. Place over the fire with sufli-
cient water TO cover and simmer gently.
Add also the thin, yellow rind of one
lemon. When the rice is tender, add a
generous lump of butter and sugar to
sweeten. In the meantime, squeeze the
Juice from two lemons and pare the
other lemon very thin. Cut this yellow
peel into tiny pieces or chop it fine.
Place over the fire half pound of sugar
and half a gill of water with the
strained lemon juice and the peel. Eoil
this sirup for ten minutes. Pile the
rice onto a dish and pour over it the
sirup, taking care the little shreds OF
lemon peel are equally distributed over
the whole. Serve warm.-Ladies' World
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
Chamber of Commerce banquet.

NEW HAVEN. Nov. 1S.-The twenty
fourth annual banquet of the Chamber
of Commerce OF this city took place in
Harmonic hall last evening. and IL in
cluded representative men of not only
state but national reputation. Covers
We're laid for 200. and there was not a
vacant seat. The speakers were United
States Senator o. II. Platt. Governor
Cooke. Mayor F. b. Farnsworth Colo
mel D. p. Heap of Winsted Captain G.
F. Goodrich. president United States
Naval college. Newport. r. l.; Profess
sor Henry w. Farnam. Yale univer-
sity; Rev Melville B. Chapman. D. D..
New Haven: Hon. George M. Gum
Milford Hon Jeremiah NJ Allen. Hart
ford
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
Moss Jelly.

Soak a couple Of ounces Of Iceland
moss all night in as much cold water
as will quite cover it, and to which a
touch of bicarbonate of soda has been
Rdded. to soften the naturally bitter
taste of the moss. In the morning
withdraw the moss from the water
press all the moisture from it and let 1t
simmer in about three Pints Of water
for about six hours, until only about
one pint Of liquor remains. Strain this,
then add sugar. wine and lemon juice,
and as soon as the mixture begins to
set, pour it into a mold. Milk is often
used instead of water for iceland moss
/ jelly.-St. Louis Republic.
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
sMueeLED cHINAMEN.
Action VIII Re Commenced Against the
c. Z. II. on This Charge.

AUBURN, N. Y. Nov. 1S-C. H..
Brown. assistant United states attor-
ney. who is conducting the trial OF cases
In the United States district court here,
Is authority for a remarkable story In
connection with the smuggling OF Chi
namen into this country.
Mr. Brown says that the cost OF de-
porting Cinnamon has been very great
and has been on the Increase. which is
also the case with the smuggling Of the
Celestials. The government lays the
blame for the greater part of the Illicit
traffic on the employees OF the Cana
dian Pacific railway, and Attorney Cen
eral McKenna win institute an action
against the corporation.
The government AYERS that the rail-
way employees conspire with the gov
ernment officials to break the law. A
bill OF costs is being compiled. and as
zach deportation costs $500 the total will
be very large. When this is done, the
action win be commenced. II it can bs
proved that any other railroad has beer
party to breaking the law, an actor
against it will also be brought.
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
Covered Many Miles.

BENNINGTON. VI. Nov is.-Word
has been received here that Ernest Ed
SON who left this city on July 20 for
Lincoln. Neb.. on an unnayigable river
IN a boat of his own construction, had
reached there safely. Edison, who Is q
years old, resolved 10 try his fortunes
in the west, but was too poor TO go by
ordinary means and routes of travel
The boat was II feet long and 2 feet
wide and was provided with oars and q
sail All Edison took were the little
boat, 81 in money and the clothes h'
wore. His route covered 1900 miles.
Evening journal., 1897-11-18
A RInstinr Aooident.

BOSTON, Nov ia blasting acci-
dent occurred at Brookline yesterday,
by which serious injury was sustained
by Arthur B. Walker Of Gloversville, n.
y, superintendent OF the job, and two
Italian laborers. II is feared that Walk
er will not recover. Large water mains
are being laid in a trench which had
been blasted out Of solid bed of rock.
one prepared blast failed TO explode.
and Walker began TO pick around IL
while the Italians were looking on. Sud-
denly the charge went off with loud
report, and the three men were fear
fully bruised and lacerated.