The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-03-07

1t would be made Of material that can be
cut through and firmly renewed over
water, gas and other pipes 1t would be
so laid as to be easily and quickly drain
ed. 1t would be such that it could be
crossed on foot at any point.
All good pavementS consist Of thor
oughly drained, well-rolled, compact
foundation or support, and a wearing sur
face. If such foundations are not made
the wearing surfaces soon become undu-
lating and uneven from the moisture I'M
der them, frost, heavy traffic, or settle
ments AS an illustration of this, witness
the Ogeechee and Augusta roads which
though only completed in the last SIX
or eight months plainly indicate by the
unevenness and settlements of their sur
faces the imperfection of their construc-
ton. The best foundations for the pave
ments of cities are made from concrete.
They should be six inches thick for heavy
traffic, and at least four for the lightest
traffic Another foundation is that of
crushed stone, coated throughout with an
asphaltic cement; 1t can be rapidly laid.
Old stone block brick, cobble stone, tel
ford, macadam, gravel and even shell
(when thick enough) roadways may be
used for a foundation, especially for as
phalt pavements, by first covering the old
pavement with fine bituminous concrete,
called binder, made from crushed stone,
one men anu less III StAGg HtdlCu anu LlAA-
ed with a bituminous or asphaltic cement.
The binder is spread to a minimum depth
of one and one-half inches, bringing the
old pavement TO an even surface pre-
paratory to laying the asphalt pavement
upon it.
The wearing surface, be it asphalt, stone,
brick, or other material, is placed upon
the concrete or other foundation to receive
the wear of traffic. and make possible re-
pairs to the surface which will not dis
turb the foundation.
There is no everlasting paving material.
No pavement should be left upon a street
until worn beyond repair. Modern prac-
tlce compels contractors to maintain their
pavements in good order from five to
twenty years, which is possible where the
foundation remains undisturbed and the
wearing surface Is kept in repair. This
Is the cheapest as well as the best way
to provide a city with good pavements.
The materials used with more or less
success for pavements are, alphabetically,
as follows: Asphalt OF different kinds,
qualities and mixtures, laid without
Joints; asphalt blocks. asphalt limitations;
basalt blocks, boulder stones, bricks of
various kinds; coal tar or gas tar COM
pounds, cobblestones; dolerite blocks;
granite blocks; limestone blocks; quart
zite blocks; sandstone blocks; semitic
blocks; scoria or furnace Stag blocks; trap
blocks; wooden docks OF various xmas
and shapes.
Telford, macadam, gravel and shell
roadways are omitted from the list for
they are not properly city pavements.
They belong to parks, suburbs, and coun-
try roads. II used under city traffic,
macadam telford, gravel and shell become
ruinously expensive, because Of continu-
GUS repairs. They are unhealthy within
city-particularly gravel and shell-be-
cause they absorb nth and their dust
spreading carries disease germs every
where.
AS a rule, the following should be avoid
ed for the wearing surfaces of city pave
ments: Cobble and boulder stones, which
make noisy uneven, unsightly and I'M
healthy pavements; sandstone with a few
doubtful exceptions trap, dolerite or ba-
salt blocks, because they cannot be made
into even, regular blocks, pavements made
from them being at first rough. aud the
blocks afterward becoming rounded and
polished, like cobbestones.
Asphalt blocks. and a few brands Of
paving brick have been used on concrete
foundations and under lli.ht trafiic with
success. Paving bricks vary so much IN
composition and quality in different To-
calities that a. Is difficult to determine in
advance whether the pavement viii be
good or bad. Caution Is necessary In in
PRODUCING paving brick as an economic,