davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05
INSTINCT IN ANIMALS.
Mistakes Which Seem to Deny Them
the Power of Selection.

Mistakes Which Seem to Deny Them
the Power of Selection.
The opinion is still very generally en-
tertained that with animals, especially
those of the lower order, instinct is the
determining guide that incites to the
proper performance of action or function,
and that as such it is far less liable to
err than the reasoning of Intelligence.
Few scientific prejudices have been more
difficult to overcome than that which re-
moves from animals the reasoning facul
ty, and probably many years will yet
elapSe before it Will be recognized that
all animals which come under ordinary
observation are endowed with the same
kind of faculty, although developed in
various degrees of descending scale,
which distinguishes man and the So-called
higher organisms. The bee and ant have
been frequently held uD as the best eX-
ponentS of the instinct class, and more
recently of the Exceptional animals
which develop reasoning powers; and it
was a rude shock, not only to the lay
man. but as well to the scientist when
Sir John Lubbock, as the result of an all
most endless series of experiments, an
nounced a few years ago that these ami
mails were sadly wanting both in their
instructive and intellectual traits. In
other words. there were many times
when both instinct and intelligence erred
for them. Some most remarkable in
stances OF the err1nS OIL instinct among
insects have recently been noted by nat
uralists. and they add an interesting
chapter to the physiology of sense. One
of these was the case of a butterfly,
which persisted in visiting the artificial
flowers on ladys bonnet, miStaking
them for the natural product. Another,
and perhaps more striking instance of
fault is noted by the distinguished
French entomologist. NJ. r. Blanchard
and concerns a species of sphinx moth
which entered a hotel room in the half
| obscurity of early morning, and was
/ found to fit with direct intent to definite
parts of the walls and ceiling. These were
| decorated with paintings of leaves an6
flowers, and to the latter the insect ap
preached in repeated attacks, thrustine
! forward its Droboscis as though inten
upon intruding it into the opened cup.
of the beguiling flowers. After repeated
failures and the resulting discourage
ment, the effort was given up, and Thu
sphinx escaped by the window. Thi
case of self-deception is interesting il
another way, inasmuch as it proves tina
it is not always the sense of smell, but a
times that of sight, which directs insects
! to their flowers.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05
Central Stations For Distribution.
CENTRAL OIL STATION; EDISON, n

and the fluid will be forced by hydrau-
lie pumps from the condensing tanks
through COnduitS to the places Where II
is to be used. These conduits will be
laid under ground and in general will
be constructed like ordinary water
mains, except that the outside Will be
surrounded by a cork jacketing, which
will be coated over with a tar-like
preparation to prevent leaking of cold.
The 81 omcters of the scheme guarantee
that the refrigerating pipes Will not
interfere with the steam md other I'M
dergrOund cOnduitS, seL 5Sert That
there will be very little |, of fl Ling
power in passage. It is lntendef at
first to supply only concerns requiring
a large amount of refrigeration, but
there is no reason WHY the same sys-
tenn should not, in time. be extended to
DWELLINGS, and other buildings, so that
every house may presently have its
zero" room The transmission of cold
storage has already been tried in st.
Louis between main and branch ware
houses so there seems to be no reason
why the present more extensive under
taking should not succeed. The extent
to which this Capitalization in the sup
ply of ordinary necessities has gone Is
realized by few of those who daily
profit by it. and strikingly illustrates
the interdependenCe to which urban
civilization is bringing us. Petroleum
is pumped from the fields where it IS
found through pipe lines hundreds of
miles in length TO all the big cities.
Thence it is distributed in smaller pipes
to the factories which use 1t in large
quantities for fuel, so that in many
cases. the connection it complete with
out the intervention of a single pair
of hands from the oil well to the fur
mace. a more familiar example OF the
same thing is Illuminating and fuel gas,
which is everywhere distributed direct
to the consumer who merely has to
turn valve and touch match to set
his light and fire.
Electricity is beginning to work a
great change in domestic economy by
entering the domain of the kitchen. The
house of the future will have no fires
in it and the kitchen range will lose
it's terrors Electricity will hereafter
keep the oven at any desired tempera-
ture: will broil the beefsteak and heat
the water. In the laundry it will be
| hitched to the fatirOns and will smooth
The bosom of the Sunday shirt. Cook
ing and washing will be done by press
| ing a series of buttons. and the house
maid can read her novels undisturbed
While the electric cook stove does its
work
STEAM AND COMPRESSED AIR IN
CONDUITS.
All kinds of motor power, steam anG
compressed air are now distributed il
pipes Indeed, in cities like New Yorl
| there are few factories which have
their own power plants, for it is found
to be cheaper and rather more conye-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

Imagination at sight of it all fashions
the outlines or some vast armament
that is coming to attack our great cit
les.
And yet we are at peace with all the
world
The managers of the great Midvale
and Southwark plants, where the gov
eminent guns are being built, announce
that there VIII be no cessation of labor
even for Christmas and New Years.
The order placed with the Midvale
Steel Works is said to be for 80 ten
inch disappearing guns and ten Pinch
mortars.
One OF the big weapons contracted
for with the AIidvale works is a ten
inch wire gun, the invention of a man
named Brown. The original invention
was a fve-inch experimental weapon,
and the tests at the proving grounds at
Sandy Hook showed that this gun be-
yond doubt, stood higher pressures
and showed q greater endurance than
any gun previously constructed.
This new Brown gun viii weigh 80
tons, and is expected to hurl a 500
pound shell with a muzzle velocity Of
6SS feet per second. Such a velocity
would give the prOjectile- if the shell
weighed 500 pounds, instead of the reGu-
lation weight of $50 pounds, a striking
capacity of 3S.410 foot tons. In other
words, the striking capacity per ton of
weight Of gun would be 1890 fOot-tOns
at the understanding unequaled in
gun construction in any country. The
greatest length Of this gun is 371A feet,
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05
a Wife In Name Only.

Many of Christine Wilson's admirers
will be surprised to learn that the ia
nous prima donna is wife in name only
to her Spanish husband, Count Angel
de Miranda, under secretary of state
for foreign affairs at Madrid Nillson
married him on account of his daugh-
ter The latter is a lovely girl of the
brunette order and as dark indeed, as
the Drima donna is blonde. Christine
made the girls acquaintance at Nice,
became passionately attached to her
and finally declaring that she could
not bear the idea of a separation, pro-
posed to adopt her. The penniless
Count de Miranda gave his consent,
stipulating, however, that the singer
should likewise adopt him as husband
and provide for his financial welfare
undertaking to remain her husband on
ly in name. This was just the kind of
husband that Christine needed, so they
We're married.
The count though horribly homely
and unattractive, is not altogether an
unknown man. He is probably the
only diplomat who can boast of having
got the better of Bismarck He pro-
fessed great friendship for the German
chancellor, which resulted in the latter
inviting him to his palace. While there
he procured information from Bis
marck relative to Germany's military
operations and projects, which he af-
forward impaired to the French gov
eminent.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

Henry A. Wiley, gives this description
Of the making of one of these marvel
Gus guns:
All modern high power guns are built
up; that is, they are made UP OF many
pieces, and the manner of assembling
the parts has many interesting fea-
turs. In machining the parts Of a IS
inch gun a degree of accuracy is re-
quired in shaping, turning, boring, and
machining on large masses of metal.
From the moment each piece is placed
in the lathe until the last groove is
cut the work must be done with the
greatest care.
The gun proper consists of a long
central steel cylinder, called the tube
on the breech end of which q larger
steel cylinder, called the jacket, is
shrunk, and a number of other cylin-
ders, called hoops, shrunk on over ALL
In preparing the parts for assembling
the tube is turned down to nearly ac-
curate dimensions, and bored out to
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

hours to cool, after which the combined
tube and jacket are placed in one of
the large lathes, where it is turned
down to receive the hoops, which are
shrunk on the jacket and about two
thirds of the length of the tube is not
covered by the latter. Each hoop is
heated and expanded and shrunk on
while the unfinished gun is in hori-
zontal position, one of the large cranes
doing the work, after which this enor-
nous weapon is turned down to proper
exterior dimensions and placed in the
large rifiing machine and the tube filed.
The delicacy Of this operation can be
appreciated when one realizes that the
piece to be operated upon represents
nearly 500, 900 worth of material and
labor. The grooves must be cut just
the proper depth and width and length,
and to cut too deep or a cut too long, or
any other mistake may ruin the gun.
But the machine is too perfect in it's
construction, too skilfully and thor
oughly adjusted, and too carefully
watched and handled by the men oper-
ating it fer any such accidents to oc-
cur, and Cfter ten days or two weeks
on the machine, the rifling of the big
gun is finished.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05
TREATMENT FOR RHEUMATISM
The Russians Take an Ant Bath and
Cure Themselves of the Disease.


The Russian peasants, more especially
those residing in the neighborhood of
Moscow, have a peculiar and original
method of treating themselves for that
bane Of Mankind rheumatism. Many
cures, even in very bad cases, are, it
is claimed, effected by making the pa
tient take ant baths.
The manner of preparing these baths
is as follows: An anthill is sought, and
when found, a sack is filled with ants,
ants eggs, and if it be considered neces-
sary. q certain quantity of the earth
which comDoseS the hill. The sack is
then closed Theoretically and carried to
the home of the sufferer. A warm bath
is already prepared here, and the sack
is plunged bodily into the hot water.
Soon this latter begins to give off a pc
culiar pungent odor characteristic of
formic acid. The bath is now ready for
the patients immersion. The action of
the bath on the skin is one of intense
irritation and the result seems to be a
drawing out of the evil, and the con-
sequent disappearance of the rheumatic
pains.
1t is advisable for anyone who may be
tempted to try this remedy to be care
full rot to remain too long in the ant
bath, as the consequences might be a
total disorganization of the skin which
would peel off, due to the violent action
of the acid
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

some fruit, bric-a- bFac, a pair of shoes,
a bottle of wine and a. live kitten.
This opens wonderful vista of pos
sibilities,' said Mr.. Depew, after the
test. The department store can de-
liver it's goods to branch stations. the
newspapers can be delivered, and pos
sibly in time human freight can be shot
from Office to home with d rapidity that
almost annihilates distance"
EDISON'S SCHEME.
Though the enthusiast who suggested
the piping of wheat from Chicago to
New York through pneumatic tubes
may be some years ahead of his time
it IS true that Thomas \. Edison was
considering a plan scarcely less elabOr-
ate il connection with his gigantic
scheme OF magnetic ore extraction,
which he is putting into effect among
the New Jersey mountains at Edison.
Il first considered the plan of piping
the sand to a place more convenient
for market. by means of pneumatic
tubes" said Mr.. Edison, in discussing
his great project. The thing THAI de-
TERED me from attempting it was the
discovery that sand, and especially this
sand, would cut the pipe to pieces,
acting on them as a sand blast. which.
when operated by compressed air, is
found so effective in cutting into iron
and other hard substances
In his New Jersey mine the inventor
has q central station, oil distributing
plant. The oil is pumped from this CEN
trail depot all over the establishment.
lubricating dynamOs, engines and
crushers, ard getting rid of friction
generally. Having performed it's good
office, it returns to the starting point,
TO be used all over again
Some time ago it was suggested that
New York could be sufficiently served
with milk by pumping it through prop
ertly constructed pipes, and one of the
great brewing companies actually con-
sidered the plan of supplying theiI
branch bottling establishments ana
some of their principal customers in
this manner. In both these cases it was
the objections of customers. rather
than any practical mechanical -objec-
lions that prevented the carrying out
of the suggestions.
/ a glance into the near future shows
that the one tendency to which atten-
! ton has been called will bring abou
| some remarkable changes in the ap-
pearance of our big cities. The CITY O.
| the future will be much more quiet tina.
/ the existing town, for the roar OF over
head locomotives and the clatter of sur
face cars will give place to the noise
less progress of the compressed air o.
electric motor. 1t will be much cleaner
too Horses will be banished from TIL
| street, except where used for pleasure
driving. and heavy trucks as well a
cabs will be driven the same way as tn
cars. Dust and ashes will not rouse tn
ire of every housekeeper, for electricit.
! will have driven out the coal fire an
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05
CeaSeleSS Work Oh Uncle Sans Great Guns

FhiiadelDhia.-Here where liberty
was Graded there are signs Of impend-
Ing war. The endless sounds of the
monster trip-nammers seem to send
lhelr echoes from nearby Tioga and
Nlcetown right UP against the very
walls that now surround the phoenix of
independence hail.
And yet there is peace all over the
land. a stiffness that is broken but by
the buzz of industry and the faint echo
OF European wrangling.
Up at the Midvale steel works, one
arisen from some long Rip Van Wrinkle
sleep would assert that we were in the
Very tbroes OF war. Night and day the
toileTs are employed on the most de-
structive weapons of battle known to
history. Sundays and week days they
work, relay following relay, and the
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

serious matter. AS the jacket ap-
proaches the proper degree of expan-
sion it is watched constantly by the
master mechanic.
Temperatures and dimensions are de-
termined frequently and with great ac-
curacy, till, at the very moment the
proper stage is reached, the master
mechanic raises his hand, the giant
crane moves and is halted directly over
the furnace. The cover is quickly
hauled out of place, the tackle hooked
to band around the jacket, the block
begins to ascend, and the large cylin-
der is soon suspended in midair. The
master mechanic once more and for the
last time gauges it's interior, it is wiped
off thoroughly, another signal, and the
crane moved few feet south,
bringing its burden directly over the
piece it will soon encircle. Here it is
accurately aligned and plumbed, one
finger is raised by that careful man in
charge, and, guided by the asbestos
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

nient to lease power of the various
companies which make a business of
supplying it. A New York comDany,
for example, sends out 1900 horse
power from it's main station in the low
er part of the city. This is distributed
through iron conduits, copper-jacketed
at all joints, with very little loss in
power or efficiency.
1t is recognized that compressed air
is today the great rival of electricity,
and it is peculiarly adapted to trans
mission from central power station,
since it can be stored without loss and
supplied to any point i'll variable GUAM
titles, as desired more easily than cleo
tricity. The compressed air plant
which operates the engine recently put
into service on the Manhattan elevated
road gets the steam to operate It's
compressors from one of the big steam
supply companies. It's apparatus con-
sists of two tanks holding about 1900
gallons of water. The water is circu-
lated between the tanks in iron pipes,
which spray it through small holes,
thereby cooling it. The air is drawn
over these cooling tanks through win
dowlike openings to a small ROOM
which is connected by a conduit with
the loW-pressure cylinder. 1t passes
through four cylinders and is cooled
these the pressure is increased respect
lively to 50 pounds, so pounds, $50
pounds and $500 pounds. 1t will De
seen that the production of compressed
air is a comparatively simple process,
and that its use, especially for traction
purposes, is likely to become gen
eral.
PNEUMATIC TRANSPORTATION.
Those who are living ION the edge of
the future" see many other ways in
which modern invention is changing
city life along similar lines. One e'irec-
ton in which there is likely to be a
marked development is in the trans
mission of all kinds of articles through
pneumatic tubes by compressed air.
] Mail is already sent between the New
! York postoffice and some of its branch
es At the trial of the part of the post
office system first installed. which took
I place a short time ago, a great variety
of articles were sent a distance OF near
~ a mile and back, making the round
trip in four minutes The test was
made by Dr. Chauncey Depew, in the
presence of General Shallenberger OF
the postoffice department and other
prominent men. Among the articles
that were sent through the tubes were
a copy of the Bible, an American flag
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

ashes viii be taken only from the few
power generating stations.
The streets will be less crowded. for
many things now conveyed in wagons
viii be shot through pneumatic tubes to
all parts Of the city. Life will be
easier, for every house viii have heat
and cold, light and power, pure air and
ordinary drinks on tap. The only danger
to civilization then will be that the in
habitants may get nervous prOstratiOn
from the mental effort of remembering
which particular button to press for
each thing that they may happen to
want
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

generally be known that this oivflizing
work has already laid a firm grip upon
the inhospitable sands. and That us n re-
suit OF its tresDass many Of the clements
of European well-doing and refinement
have found their way IS per1nanencies 50
10 40 miles within the desert confines.
These lines of message. while they may be
considered TO be OF strategic quality, are
indeed the ;tVeispss Of commerce, the de-
Teiopment Of which win ultimately force
70 me wall ore Of the most picturesque
associations Of the African continent
the caravan. Their penetration south
ward is from both the provinces Of Oran
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05
How Poisoned Arrows Were Made.

How Poisoned Arrows Were Made.
On the deserts of Arizona are to be
found the most venomous, the largest,
most active and most dangerous rattle
snakes in the world. Six feet is an or
binary length for these reptiles. Re
covery from their venom is exceeding
ly rare. In August they become large
yellow bloated things, and it is at this
time of the year that the Apache IN
dams seek them to obtain poison for
their arrows. A deers liver, smoking
hot is torn out and laid before the
reptile. He is punched and angered so
that he strikes it again and again, the
morsel turning a blue black even before
the snake has finished striking. This
delightful morsel is then placed high on
a pole to rot and decompose in the sun,
after which it is brought down and the
arrows are stuck into it, they being
aftorward dried in the sun to retain the
poison.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

and Constantine from the latter the line
follows the important caravan route to
Lake Ichad and the central Soudan, hav-
ing for its points of concentration or
defense the GASES of Biskra, Tuggurt and
Ouargla.
Between these three points, the last of
which may be considered to be the final
French military outpost of today a reg
ular diligence service is maintained three
times per week. and it seems not unlikely
that this service will shortly be replaced
81 chat Of the iron horse The LOCOMOTIVES
at the present time enters BisSra the be-
ginning of the fiat desert, and from the
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05
RAILROAD ACROSS SAHARA.

The Camel Caravan May Soon Be
come a Thing of the Past.
Among the most interesting and useful
,,iaoes Of work which civilization is car
r,ing forward at She present time is the
construction of the railroad ami teie-
,grar,n lines if4to the heart Of che Sc nara,
s,-i,fsh b being prosecuted by lie frehcil
,eo5ernrnent Of Algeria. 1t seems not
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

Nothing to equal Hewlett Bros
Three Crown spices, because they are
pure and retain their full strength,
being ground fresh every day. It is
to your interest to refuse all substi-
tute-.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

The liver filters out the poisonous
germs which enter the system. Just so
surely as the liver regulates the sys-
TEN, so do DR.. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets
regulate the liver. Keep this in mind,
and you solve the problem of good
health and good living.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-12-05

All kinds of motor power, steam and
compressed air are now distributed in
pipes Indeed, in cities like New York
there are few factories which have
their own power plants, for it is found
to be cheaper and rather more conve-