The San Francisco call., 1897-04-28

is in itself the end sough'-an industrial end ::
IN manual training, on the contrary, the in
higher end-s means of educating. With this
difference implied in its limitations, the ad-
jective industrial is applied to both.
The extent to which manual training has
| been Incorporated in the course of study is
very different in different Localities, but in
nearly every instance it has won recognition
on purely pedagog ical grounds. BY this |
mean 10 say that IL has been accepted by edu-
Gators only after it has salts fed their notions
OF the theory OF education. But with all this
II is question whether it would have had a
fair trial TO show its pedagogical sounduess
had ii moi been backed up by the moral and
financial support of the general community
which has not been altogether favorably dis
posed toward educational theories. There
was a time when schools were supposed to
exist Tor the sole purpose OF diffusing useful
knowledge. But nowadays this is regarded
by educators as secondary consideration;
with them the first thought is the training
and development of the cniid. And there is
the root of the co ltroversy between the
schoolmcn and the more pract people.
The educational importance of subject is
measured by lis disciplinary value; its eco
nomIc Importance depends upon the amount
of useful knowledge IL contains. Until the
| advent of manual training the educational
theory seemed 10 trend more and more away
from economic considerations and the COM
mon-school curriculum became more and
more subject for adverse criticism, until
there seemed TO be some truth in the parody
that defined a school place for ''the con-
fusion OF useless knowledge"
In conclusion. it Is the general consensus of
opinion among those most in timately con-
cerned with the industrial affairs of the
American people that our schools should be
productive oil more practical results; that
through them an Industrial instinct should be
developed as the predominant trait of Ameri-
can citizenship. And in response to this de-
mand believe that the theory of education
Will witness a reversion TO economic consider
ations. II it is the business OF the schools to
make citizens then the economic and educa-
tional cannot be divorced. In many ways are
q a he NJ
ton will increase rather than diminish. so ]
am convinced that the present tendency
toward ind ustrial education will continue at
ar accelerated rate, and that its progress will
lead 10 the introduction of an Industrial ele-
ment OF some Kind into every grade of the
common school.
By this l mean merely to point out the di-
rection in which We are trending; as regards
particulars of the conditions that will prevail
ten or twenty years hence l would not venture
too strong an opinion. Thus far the import
ance of industrial education has been urged
by extremists, and likewise it has been op-
posed by extremists Both sides are right and
both wrong. Each proclaims the truth,
but not the whole truth. The ior portion
OF the old-time curriculum is valuable and
should be preserved against all innova tions; ;
but 1t is equally true that the indus trial
branches have in them large element of
good. In time the best of eacn Will be ex-
tracted and combined and thus will there be
evolved new education, the ultimate details
of which 1t seems not in the power OF the
human mind to predict. but surely it will
ity that promises 10 be the ruling spirit of the
twentieth century.
Mayor Phelan followed Mr.. Merrill.
Mrs. Swift introduced him by SAYING:
"Our worthy Mayor, who always does the
graceful thing and says the wise one."
Mayor Phelan's address was as follows:
What interests men and women who are
hard at work in a great city, In whose life and
whose development they wrapped up and
OF which they become consciously or uncon-
sciously part, is the industrial possibilities
of the place and what the future holds From
the beginning the peaceful destiny OF America
mas been its most prominent characteristic
When the Old World was torn with turmoil
wars and social upheavals, blig hted trade and
scattered commerce, America was looked upon
as the certain future field OF the worlds great
est industrial and commercial achievements.
1t appeared, indeed, inviting field for
mans enterprise and industry, where he
could work without molestation. Napoleon
after the cession OF Louisiana, expressing a
sentiment which no doubt inspired him to
make favorable terms with Jefferson ex-
claimed, ~ have given to England a rival
which VIII sooner or later humble her pride"
w hen the social fabric of France was shattered
and an exhausted people, drained of appar-
entity every resource, stood with empty hands
as the gaunt monuments of destroyed indus
trles, carlyle, mocklng Burke's words said.
'The age OF chivalry is gone and could not but
20, having now produced the still more in
domltable age OF hunger" All eyes we're
turned toward the New World. At that time
there were practically no manufactures Lie
was comparatively simple. Amusements were
iew agriculture was the principal occupa-
ton OF the people.
But by degrees. with the growth of manu-.
factures, cities developed wonderfully in pop
uiation, numbers and extent, until the habits
OF the race were changed and the status of
man as a too-using animal was re-established
On new lines Machinery fostered this new
tendency by cutting down the numbers en-
gagged In and the remuneration paid for agri-
cultural employment on the one hand and by
giving enormous scope TO the manufacturing
enterprises on the other. And those changes
are going on to-day. Men lose employ ment in
the cities by reason OF labor-saving Devices
ana skilled mechanics have to learn new arts
or trades in order to subsist While this
works great individual hardship in many IN.
stances, TILL 1t is something that cannot and
VIII not be restrained, and which will ulti-
mately, by cheapening the cost of production
and adding to the comforts of life. compensate
for apparent injury and loss. Another field
opens from the one that is closed. And yet it
is hard TO convince the disemployed man of
these facts. In the life of Benjam in Franklin
you Will read curious story of how one
morning, while Franklin in London, the
King decided to wear his own natural hair
Up to that time every gentleman wore wig.