davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-10-10
sILo PkINcrPs rEcrr.

bILO TkINCLFS FECIT.
IoEFsr n n rsFRo
cEFsrEoSI NoEPspEo
PsPEcE n ScEPsFE
EFsPEcN n cEP
TsPEcs I II p o r r I NoEPsF
BPEcsI Il o l. o HcEPs
PEcEi n orRIscR
EcRI o l. I S I LoPRIHc
PEcsI RPoLI LoPRINcE
BPEcsi rRisoEr
sPEoEI o HcErsv
EFsPRcNI PRIscEPs
RFsPEo n I r SoEPsPH
oErsFEo
cEVsPT c n EPsFEcI
In addition TO this inscription on tho tomb arc In.
Icibed these letters;
II. s. r. s. e. T. T. L.
which are the initials OF the following ATTN words,
Hic sitos est Silo, sit tibi terra lewis.
(Here rests silo' May the earth lie lightly on him.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-10-10
a Peculiar Tombstone inscription.

At tho entrance OF the church Of san Salvador in tho
city OF oviedo. Spain. Is a remarkable tomb erected
by a prince named silo. with a ' ry curious Latin In.
%scription which may be read @7o ways by beginning
with the capital s In the centre;
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-10-10

In the Philadelphia Press of yesterday
the cnterprising proprietors Of a burglar alarm
Zgoda = Unity. [volume] (Milwaukee, Wis.) 1881-1901, 1897-09-09

Zndczna czesc sekretdrzy grup s,ciq-
sko'cych ma z,cyczaj ,~cysyfanid picnic
dry "a ,ostepne. odzndki it.p. cd no
sych czfonk6,c prey ,cysssaniu aplika-
ri. Jesao z,cyczaj niepraktyczny.
Rdzda grupa z,eiqzko,ca (dop6ki su-
.pendo,cdnq ME JEST ma kredyt 20 blu
re Rzqdu Ce~ntralnego. Wo6ec togo
sekretdrze z opfatq ,cstepnego "a nocyeh
ezfonk6p p~o,sinni sic ,cstrzymat do
p6ty, dop6ki ME otrzymajq rdchunku
cd sekretarzd jenerdlnego. My o MS
esem ME zdpomniemy, przy rypisy,sa-
niu cyrAHIarza o to o6d,cy niemo.
Gdy zas sekretarz otrzyma cd mas cyr-
kuldrz "a rdchunkiem) i gdy sac pre-
kond, &c rachunek ten zgadzd sic z jego
E~siqzkdni, potoinien przesfae ma rece
kdsyera Z,o. ". p. lyle, lie ten rachu-
mex ~wykazuje - ami mniej, ami niscS.
Gdy z~aprooadzimy ten porzqdek ras
ma zaosze, miejsca mice ME 6edq to
pozorne niedoktddnosci. kt6re ,oielu
sekretarzom grup spat ME porpalajq,
a nam przez to oszczedzici~ pano,cie
Diele csasu. - SHKR. JENKRALNY.
Zgoda = Unity. [volume] (Milwaukee, Wis.) 1881-1901, 1897-09-09
Edge"

,,heen Edge.
Jedyny najpraktyczniejszy sposob DO o.
strzenia brzytwy. N~ajbardziej zaniedbAzs
brzytwe wytoczy " dw6ch mibutach q wy
toczona " ten spos6b brzytwa zachovnie
swoja dobrot diuzej, nikby byfs tocsona S.
kimkolwiek lnnym sposobem.
Rosztuje tyiko 20 CT. szselka.
Me jest TO tsdep humbug, ale rzecs bar
dro pozyteczne ola kazdego. I DO c64 O.
pfscic % C. "a !ednorazowe ostrzenie brzJ-
ivy, gdy 70 wystarcza Ci diva lata. Posrss-
bujemy agent6w wszedzie kt6rzy By si>
chcieli ~sprzedaza tegoz I wielu Innyck ns-
mowh. Pisz natychmiast do mas I ssfscrs
20. znaczek pocztowy M przesyske oyrkuls-
rzy. Agenci moga zarobic $500 dsiennls
sprzedajsc nasze rozmaite artyk u3y. PIW
natychmiast nile zwlekaj. To ooi ncwegs,
Adrssuj.
y. Ssmbouki, p. o. Box 12o.
Cor. Main &Schooi o.. Thorndih ., hasss
Zgoda = Unity. [volume] (Milwaukee, Wis.) 1881-1901, 1897-09-09

Sekretarze grup ME mqjq Iadne9o
prdsod kreslie lu6 znsieniae rachunki,
kt6re ,cychodzq z naszego 6iura. Je4eH
sekretarz grupy osrzymuje z 5iura ma
ssego rdchunek, kt6ry sic ME ACADIA q
jego odliczeniami, p~o,cinien nam taks
rdchunek zoor6cie 10 ciqgu 10 najdalg
dni : nam pozosta,cit s~poso6nose
poprorisaia tdkiego rdchunku.-
SEKRRrARz JrNKRALNy
Zgoda = Unity. [volume] (Milwaukee, Wis.) 1881-1901, 1897-09-09

!Nekr.t"rze grap prey r"p"rtach ME.
siecz"Y"h pooinni koniecznie zatqczaG
kdriy p~o'r6="e,n a mocy kt6rych przW-
mujq czfonk6,o : innych grup. Przs
.Odsupendordniu c-tonk6p, sekretars
grupy pocinien zapsze zdzndczde przez
jdk dtugi Gas czfonek 6yf suspsndo-
scdnym. - SKKRErARz JENRRALNY.
Zgoda = Unity. [volume] (Milwaukee, Wis.) 1881-1901, 1897-09-09

Jeseh kto z cssonk6se Zsetqzku nie c.
frzym'Je r~egularnie ,Zgody", poscs
nien o tenn natychnsiass zaoiadomi6
Sekr. Jenerdlnego, q nie Redaktora,
htory z adresdmi od6iorc6p organ.
s'~oiqzko'cego mic ,~osp6lne0o niema. Al,
sd'c'dddmiajqc o tenn, nalezy przede
'cszystkiem podde no,cy adres doksad
n.y., o6ok da,onego. Ieraz dziee sac
tax, &c, jesei kto ,Zgody" ME otrzy
m1e regularnie, u,odza "a efascios
mas z'cymyslde { ME podat - s,cegc
adresu! Sk,1sek taxi: dalej ,Zgody"
nse Otrzymsje.- SBKP. JSNIRALH.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29
hgaa Cost Supervision Capitol Commissioners n H ADmmM Young

sentatiyes, senate and supreme court
chambers, all of which have large and
commodious galleries. These cham
beers are all so arranged that every
seat is on an aisle. They are oval in
shape, to procure the best possible
acoustic properties, and SO that every
seat both upon the floor and in the
galleries is in direct line of vision and
sound. The large rooms over the en-
trance is set aside for the press, The
large rooms in the end are built in
oval shape for the meetings of State
boards, with adjoining rooms for the
secretaries of the boards.
BY setting the building back there
will be al extra high basement under
the east wing, which will be used for
the boiler-rooms, toolrooms, fuel and
engineers rooms as well as large
public lavatory.
The building will be 81 feet long.
The entire structure will be tireproof
The first story Of the rotunda is to be
faced with polish ID marble. The halls
in the first, second and third stories
are to be wainscoted with polished
marble. The floors are all to be of
marble. All inside steps of granite,
United States mail chute connects
every floor throughout. All plumbing
to be open. Work to he finished
throughout in oak
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29

tives, which is large oval-shaped room
Just in the rear Of the dome, back Of
which are the private lobbies, the rep
resentatives' retiring rooms, committee
rooms, toilet-rooms, reception rooms
and private room for the speaker and
an office for the clerk, which contains a
vault.
In the south wing is the senate cham
Der, office of the lieutenant governor,
senate retiring room, Office OF the SEN
ate's clerk, containing vault, the com
mittee rooms and toilet-rooms.
The north wing is occupied by the
supreme court chamber, adjoining which
on each side are the offices of the clerk,
a large record-room and a room for
deputies. On the opposite side of the
supreme courtroom is the consultation
room, with private corridors, an office
for each of the justices, an office for
their stenographer, the supreme court
library, two stories in height, to admit in
future of double deckers; an office for
the librarian, and toilet-rooms; also n
large ladies' parlor and a ladies retiring
room, with toilets.
The post Office is just above the main
entrance and so arranged that members
of both houses can be served as they
enter and leave the chambers.
The third floor is occupied by the
upner portions of the house of repre-
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29

ing in small rotundas. The elevators
and stair ways are at each of the four
corners of the rotunda, which is light
ed from above. The stairways and
halls lighted thoroughly.
On the right of the rotunda are the
reception room, business and private
offices of the attorney general. Adj
joining this is the governors reception
room, or State parlor, which is large
oyal-shaped room, surrounded by q
massive Corinthian collonade, under
the senate chamber. Leading from
this are the private offices of the gov
ernor, the governors private secretary,
the governors business office, Office of
the secretary of State and his recep-
tion room, business Office and private
office of the superintendent of public
education. To the left of the rotunda
are offices of the land commissioner,
offices of the revenue agent, large
large business room for the auditor,
his private Office and his reception
room; the treasurer's priyate office,
his business office and his reception
room; the railroad commissioners Of
fee and private Office for the com
missioners. All of the offices are pro-
vided with vaults and toilet rooms.
Tie second story is reached by eight
stairways. This is the legislative floor,
AMI contains the house of representa-
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29

Mississippi is to have a State house
adequate to its needs and commensu-
rate with its progress. The old build
ing is to be raised to the earth and in
its place q stately capitol erect ed.
The building, a drawing Of which
appears elsewhere, will be located up
on the same site as the present State
house, but will be set about 80 or 40
feet further to the east, admitting OF
an additional foreground,
The design is Renaissance, bold and
dignifed. The building is entered
from each of four sides, the principal
entrance being at the head of Capitol
street. Ascending the massive gram
stairway, one enters a collonnade OF
immense proportions; thence into a
large vestibule, each end Of which is
designed for a pedestal and statue
Through this vestbule the rotunda Is
reached, the floor of which is inlaid
with marble mosaic in very small
pieces. In the center of this is a coat
of arms of Mississippi inlaid in differ
ent colored marbles
Opposite the front entrance is the
entrance to the State library, adjoin-
ing are reading rooms, offices Tor the
librarian aud the State Historical Soci-
ETY.. To the right and left Of the ro-
tunda are spacious corridors extending
to each end of the building, terminal
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29

Scientific inquiry diligently pur-
sued has discovered hitherto unsus-
pected source of peril to the pupils of
the public schools, observes the New
York Mail and Express. In seeking
the causes of recurrent indigestion,
collie, dyspepsia, drowsiness and Rer.
vous irritability among the chill
dren attending those institutions, 1t
has been ascertained that the burden of
responsibility is chargeable to pie and
the devastating effects of the pie
habit. The Board of Education has
therefore been called upon to abolish
pie from the school curriculum and
from the lunch baskets of school chill
drsn. 1t is seriously represented that
pie is an obstruction to the progress
of education, and that until it Is to.
tally eliminated the schools car never
fully perform the important work for
which they are designed. This revo-
lutionary movement involves no re-
Election upon the moral integrity of
the modern pie. It concerns itself
entirely with the baneful effects of the
pie habit upon the physical and men
tai condition Of bhose OF its juvenile
victims who go to school. 1t is pro.
posed to rescue these innocents from
the whitening embrace of the great
pie spectre, to Danish indigestion and
doubt from their fair young lives, and
to make sure that all their ways may
be free from sorrow and biliousness--
all of which, it is profoundly believed,
can be most directly accomplished by
a formal rule forbiddlug them to il.
dulse in pie during school hours.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29

The magnitude of the great feat of
modern engineering which is contem-
plated in the proposed Chicago sewage
canal may be more fully appreciated
by a glance at the latest published es-
Inmates of the work required. The
canal is to be twenty-eight miles long,
and SO designed as to allow the waters
of Lake Michigan to flow through 1t
at the rate of 1000 cubic feet sec.
ond. This velocity of current is ex,
pected to dilute the sewage SO thor
oughly as to purify the canal stream
before it shall reach the cities on the
banks of the Illinois river. The width
OF the alluvial bottom of the canal will
be 202 feet, and much Of the exca7a-
ton must be through solid rock. OF
this there is estimated to be u, 000,-
600 cubic yards; of vet soil, 4,500,-
900 cubic yards, and of alluvial and
hard soil, $1,000, 900 cubic yards-a
grand total of 40, 900, 900 cubic yards
for removal.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29
ANTI-SCALPING BILL SIGNED.
The Ticket Brokers Are DoSntd In New
York After September I3t.
IMPRISONMENT WILL De THE PENALTY.
None but Agents Can Sell Tickets
They Must Have Their Authority in
Writing Must Redeem
Unused Parts of Tickets.

Governor Black has sealed the doom
of the ticket scalper in the State of
New York by signing the anti-scalping
bill. The bill goes into effect Septem-
Der LIST, after which ticket brokerage
offices will be deemed disorderly houses
and treated as such. To maintain a
scalping Office, even without doing
business, will be punished by six
months in Jail.
No one except on authorized agent
of railroad or steamboat company or
a captain or purser on boat or a CON
ductor on train VIII be permitted to
sell transportation tickets. Every
agent who sells tickets must have his
authority in writing and bis authority
must specify the name of the company,
line, vessel or railway for which he is
acting, together with the name of the
city, town or village, and the street
and street number in which his Office
is kept for the sale of tickets. All
tickets must be sold in an office. One
duly authorized agent may buy ticket
of another authorized agent for a per-
son who intends to travel over any
part of the line for which the buyer is
the properly authorized agent.
Railroads are required to redeem I'M
used tickets and parts of tickets within
thirty days after presentation.
ga wholly unused ticket shall be re-
deemed at the price paid therefor. A
partly used ticket shall be redeemed at
rate which shall be equal to the diff
ference between the price paid for the
whole ticket and the cost of a ticket of
the same class between the points for
which said ticket was actually used.
Mileage books shall be redeemed with
in thirty days after the date of the ex-
piration thereof in the same manner.
Every railroad company which shall
wrongfully refuse redemption shall
forfeit to the aggrieved party $50.
which sum may be recovered, together
with the amount of redemption money
tofwhich the party is entitled, in an ac-
ton in any court of competent iuris-
diction, together with costs. "
The penalty of ticket scalping is six.
ed at Imprisonment not to exceed two
wears
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29

The geographical position of Greece
is both its peril and its promise. If
Greece is a storm centre, 1t is also to
be considered that at the very en-
trance of the tornado is sometimes
found perfect peace. Though sur
rounded by enemies, none OF whom
wish it good, Greece may find conso-
lation in the fact of the undoubted, if
unacknowledged enmity of its foes one
toward another. The condition of
this little realm is similar to that of q
bone thrown among group of hungry
dogs. The bone knows that despite
anything that itself may do any one
of these dogs has power to snatch 1t.
But the bone also finds strength in
the consciousness that as soon as any
one dog starts to appropriate it an
other canine will spring angrily for
ward to try conclusions with that dog.
1t is kind of a negative satisfaction,
this confidence that the bone has, but
it has an element of comfort.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29
Southern Hotel Partially DESTROYED.

southern hOJel Partially Destroyed.
The Southern Hotel at Meridian, the
finest hotel in the State, had narrow
escape from total destruction Thursday
morning about 4 o'clock. Fire was
discovered Oh the fifth floor, in the
vicinity Of the kitchen hue, when the
alarm was turned in The department
responded promptly, but the flames
spread so rapidly that three-fOurths of
the fourth AMI fifth stories wer4 Quilted
before the flames were gottds under
control. The furniture OF this portion
of the building was almost total loss,
there being bat little of it saved. The
building was insured for S48, 400, which
will about cover the loss. The furni-
ture was only partly insured and
the loss will be very heavy. The
First National bank, G. NJ Heiss g.
Sons, books and stationery; Whitfield
& Lide, drugs; Arky & Marks, barber
dashers; G.. G. Kendall, drugs; and P.
A. Carlson, merchant tailor; who were
on the ground floor, were considerably
damaged by water and removal of
goods, but they are pretty well covered
by insurance. S. NJ. Brazaere, millin-
-ry, and S. d. Wilmoth, restaurant,
lost heavily from water AMI removal,
but they we're without any insurance.
There we're a good many people in the
hotel at the time the fire broke out,
but they were all aroused and gotten
ont without a single casualty. The
burnt part of the hotel will be rebuilt
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29
A silver Star Marks the Spot.

The spot on the balcony of the Ala
bama State capitol upon which Jeffer-
son Davis stood when inaugurated,
thirty-six years ago, as president OF the
Confederacy of the Southern States,
was marked Thursday afternoon, at
Montgomery, with elaborate ceremo-
MES by the Society of the Daughters
Of the Confederacy. A handsome 10
inch silver star was imbedded in the
stone flooring of the veranda as per-
manent record of where Mr.. Davis
stood. A procession consisting of
large body of veterans, the State mill.
tary, State executive officers, the city
officers and officers of the society,
marched to the capitol at O'Clock to
the music of bands. Gen. John w.
Sanford, of Montgomery, an intimate
friend of Mr.. Davis, and who stood
near him at The Inauguration, presided
over the exercises and denoted the spot
upon which the president stood. Gen.
Sanford related the circumstances of
the Inauguration, insisted that the
Southern people had nothing to apollo
glse for IN their action, and paid
ringing tribute to Davis, saying among
other things: "If we we're rebels,
then to rebel is right; if jefferson
Davis was a traitor, then treason is the
highest virtue" Miss Matte Henry
Tompkins, of Montgomery, delivered
The star to Gov. Johnston, who, being
an old Confederate veteran, received il
for the State in a graceful speech, ex-
tolling the virtues Of Mr.. Davis and of
tho Confederates When the star was
set, the ladies covered it with piles of
roses.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29
Drowned at jackson.

While bathing Thursday afternoon
in Pearl river, at Saltpeter Point, near
jackson, William Hardie Russ, of
New Orleans, seventeen years old, who
was attending Millsaps College,
was drowned. Twelve or fifteen of his
fellow-students were bathing with him.
Russ was attempting a long swim ala
succumbed while III a deep portion of
the river. His companions made every
effort to save him, and Gus Sbipgleur,
of Jackson, also came near being
drowned. The fact was reported to
the city police officers and several Of
them repaired to the scene, but found
that the body had been recovered be-
fore they reached the point.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29
Robbed an1 Then Murdered.

E. S. Fleisher, a well.known re1
estate man, was robbed and murdereI
while on bis way home, at PltisoG TlI
Friday, shortly after midnight ~
deed was committed on the Linooll
avenue bridge, in the east end. aug
relieving Fleisher of his money snI
valuables, bis assailant threw him o's|
the bridge into the rayine, ninety III
below. When found half an hour iA''
he was still living, but died on bis w
to the police station. The murders
man WAS one Of the most promins
secret society men in Allegheny couu'
being a member of high dc gree III
Masonic fraternity. Odd Fellows
other organizations. There IS no 81
to the murderer.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29
Saws Durrant il Innocent.

VIM. r. Bryant, an aged inmate oil
the Soldiers Home at Monte VIsto,
Col, made sworn statement Thurs
day to the effect that Theodore Dur
rant, who is under sentence OF death
for the murder of Blanche Lamont ID
Emanuel Church, San Francisco Is
not guilty of the crime, but that heV
George ]. Gibson, pastor OF the
church, is the murderer. His state
ment was made under oath before q
notary public in the presence OF Com
mander S. NJ. French, of the home
and E. w. Garretson. He says DO
lived in California from 1S49 unlll
March /, 1896; that he was in the
church on the night of the murder
that he saw Rev. J. George Gibson
with a woman in his arms, in the BODY
of the church going toward the souln
corner of the church, and heard hlIn
say: "This kills all evidence. mel
says he heard the woman groan NUN
Der of times as though in mortal az
ony. The statement concludes
make this statement as an act OF Ius'ic7
to an innocent man. a" Bryant has beel
in the home but few months, having
lived in Denver a year prior to bis au
mission.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29

What. u probably the lowest rate
made by any railroad in the world is
credited to the Boston and Maine sys-
tenn. Between Boston and Sher.
brooke, Quebec, a distance Of $50
miles, commuters can get nou-trans-
ferable tickets for 800 for 15S rides,
or ffty.seven cents q single ride, That
is q rate of 1.9 mills per mile. The
regular fare between these points is
S7.55.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29

The president has RENTED the sen.
tence of dismissal imposed by court
mar ial on Capt. Romeyn, Fifth
infantry, who. after sensational
trial, was convicted recently in
Port Mcpherson, Ga. In view of the
fact that Capt. Romeyn will retire bv
operation OF law on June l, the presi.
dent believes that the ends Of Justice
val be secured By his severe repri,
fcand.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29
BOB munter,. 5 ay.rs AcqnItted.

The acquittal of Constable Billet and
Officer Sites, charged with killing
Bob Hunter, while attempting to ar
rest him last week IN Vicksburg, was
the result of their trial, which took
place Friday before Justice Powell.
The desperate character of the man,
who had twice shot bis way to liberty
when his arrest was attempted in Ne.
ridian, wss abundantly proven, and it
was shown that Billet fred in self-de
fanee
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29
Death of General sayle.

Gen. JOS. Sayle, well known ex-Con-
federate commander, author and jurist,
died Saturday afternoon, at Abilene,
Tex, of heart failure, aged ~ years.
He has written more books on Texas
law than any author in the State and
his works are found in every library.
He was born at Vernon, N. Y, in 1925.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29

The country editor picked up one of
his metropolitan exchanges and read:
"The charming little soubrette, Eva
Hollis.Whopper, has just purchased a
new bull dog" at is blame funny"
said he to himself and the cat, "that
city papers publish that sort Of stuff
and then make fun of me for mention.
ing that Squire Jim Brown has paint
ed his barn"
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29
Accidental Drowning.

Student S. P. Luck, of the A. & NJ.
College, was browne Saturday morn
ing while bathing in the college pond,
at Starkville, A number Of boys were
IN with Linn, but unfortunately none
could swim, therefore no assistance
could be given. He was a member of
the freshman class, from Marshall
county. A committee Of his class
mates accompanied the remains to
Holly Springs, Saturday evening.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29

The rock encountered by the arte-
sian well contractor at Ellisville has
been drilled throu5 h, and the depth of
the well below the rock is about 100
feet, making the entire depth already
attained about 700 feet. The rock was
only about three feet thick, but be-
cause of the depth, which was about
600 feet, it was slow work drilling
through it,
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1897-05-29
Heavy Judgments.

Judgments by confession were en-
tered Friday against Richard II. Smith
gate, manager of the Auditorium Ho-
tel, at Chicago, for amounts aggregst-
ing $50, 29I, in favor Of New York par
ties to whom Mr.. Smitbgate became
indebted while he was the proprietor
of the Hotel Brunswick in New York.
The Auditorium Hotel Company, with
which the defendant is connected, is in
no manner liable