davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-04-28
THE REGULAR TROOPS.

pu4,alo Bill General Dodge. the Indians ana
- .ids we're soon followed by Major General
,T,as,.,, Merritt of the United States Army. who.
nth his dne-looking staff. rode at the head Of
The first division. General William NJ Graham
and staff followed General Merritt, and theh'
v,itb a swing which other organizations try To
,r,i+ate and which every graduate tries in vain
~ teach his men when he becomes an officer
came the Cadet Corps from the United states
Military Academy at West Point Colonel
samuel NJ. Mills was in command ana he iooAeu
,roud Of the gray-coateG youths. VINO marched
With the precision Of olockwork and looked ike
,bA worthy successors Of the man III whose hohor
they came from the academy
Some of the former cadets followed as Off
cers IN the Engineer Corps, and the bodies OF
Infantry. cavalry and artillery which MADE UP
H. ai,ision Major John G.. d. Knight com
,,arded the engineers, Lieut. enant-Colorel ". =
worth had charge Of the infantry. Lieutenant
colonel William Sinclair commanded the artll-
,r-y and Colonel 6. s. Sumner rode at the head
Of Uncle Sans cavalry. There was business
,r about the regular troops which impressed
ali who saw them. and later in the Gay. when
,oroa Of the spectators wanted 70 compliment
q particular regiment or company. they said:
.,rhese neopie march like regulars" a squadron
% the Gin Cavalry, under Major Thomas {.
tho. a squadron from the 3D. under Major
n Morris and q troop from the military
noader,v in command Of Captain James
parker received applause all along the route.
r-hasa men looked we'll and carried themselves
- ncrfect form al all points alonE the great
-ch but they probably looked their best
,,,no they made the slight turn from fily-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-04-28
Wedding Gifts
in Cut Glass
Ice Cream Sets,
Lamps and Candelabra,
Silver-mounted Pieces.
c. DORFLINGER & SONS
oI5 Broadway, near 2Ist Street
80 nurray Street

nnth-st to the Boulevard. The movement was
made at a quick step. and the great crowd which
had pushed It's way forward until 1t formed d
solid wall on the south Of the column and over
flowed on the Columbus Monument. the trees
lampposts and awnings, rewarded the marching
men With cheer after cheer.
UNCLE SANS WATER FORCES.
But some OF those who had exhausted them
selves with noisy demonstrations OF approval
were called upon again when the next brigade Of
the First Division entered upon the scene They
belonged to the water forces OF the Government
and were headed by Captain James H Sands
with Lieutenant William F Fullam adju-
tant. First came the United States Marines.
with powerful and good band. bur ike most
OF the other bands in the selection OF its music
After the marines. under Major c. F. Williams
and Captain Walach. came large detachment
OF the United States seamen, whose bronzed
end hardened faces and genuinely tough" APP
pearance created the widest enthusiasm, and
one man standing on a twenty-hve-cent private
box. shouted: There they go, Look at EN-.
The best soldier in the world is a sailor" and Tor
a few moments the people who heard him trans
ferred their applause from the troops 70 their
critic.
The seamen from the New-York marched at
the head OF this division and were followed by
men from the Maine. Puritan, Indiana, Column
bfa Amphitrita and Texas. The men marched
with the ploddng. heavy step Of the seaman
looked straight ahead and by the expression on
the faces Of most OF the sturdy fellows one
would have fancied that they saw neither deco
rations nor crowds and that they did not know
whether II rained or fair. They only
marched and obeyed orders. and their appear
ance caused one little miss 10 ask her mother
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-04-28

shire. had a picturesque escort in the ArnosHs&s
Veterans whose Continental uniforms eXc''eu
much favorable comment.
When the negro soldiers from virginia wete
marching past one Of the upper stahds 'i'e''
hand played an old and familiar air. ana oe1ofe
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-04-28
sALUrEs TO THE TOMB.


t. the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir. was glad 10 read in your issue OF to-day
rsvtd Water Browns suggestion in regard 70 toll
iur steamer bells while passing Genera! Grants
tomb or the Hudson.
resided on the bank. Just opposite the
tomb for many years. and know that ms was
done for several months after the fuaera. by some
Of the evening boats noticeably the Saratoga city
n, TROY, and Drew | remember well the feeling CT
reverence and so.ernnity the SOUND produced on al
who heard II. and have seen woTNihsheh raise
their hats and stand still Ill II had passed
Now | question II there IS d single resident on
ether bank O. the Hudson who would object or
feel annoyed II the practice was made permanent
an afraid that as a Nation our PATRIOTISM Is
very evanescent Look at the present example me
III lions spent upon this Ooauiliul anu Htl4hs NY,
mortal 10 our noble dead. the wild enthusiasm anu
lavish display Of tO-MOrrOWs CEREMONIES yct j.! d
fcw weeks now many vii! have forgotten tns o1S
Or remember il only for the pleasant e@c.sIi,eHD
think our steamboat companlts ana cAP.alli.s -
would on.y need this request 70 De mace 20 Ieiie.
tnis homage 10 the memory OF General y! AM y, .
some tlr.e al er the funeral there Was s11tu VI
honor al the tomb ana tne morning revenue ~
evening taps were listened FOR WIFE, ogyP ga
teTeSi " II =
Brooklyn Y April 26, 1851
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-04-28
THE VETERAN DIVISION.

The division OF veterans composed chiefy OF
brigades OF the Grand Army OF the Repuoic'
formed in the side streets west OF the Boulevard
from sixty-hrst-st. to Sixty-ffth-st and before
10 o'clock thousands OF the veterans OF the Civil
War were seen marching from all quarters OF
the city TO take their places In the line. They
marched by posts and brlgades with bands play
ing the old airs OF war time and with flags fut-
tering They marched up the West Side OF the
CITY. down the West Side or across town from
the East Side all heading for the designated
place OF assembly and every detachment ac-
companied by crowds OF people who were bent
on seeing the parade.
When they had all gathered in that part OF
the city west OF the route OF the parade and
Immediately north Of Sixty-trst-st. they were
in a pocket from which there seemed no OPP
portunity OF escape for hours. The veterans
STAYED In the side streets and formed their lines
preparatory 10 moving into the Boulevard but
the crowd OF sghtseers wanted TO push on UP 10
the Riverside Drive. and found the way blocked
by the police who were guarding the line OF
march along the Boulevard and through Sew
enty-second-st. clear TO the embankment or the
New-York Central and Hudson River Railroad
at the edge OF Riverside Park. II was almost
impossible for people TO get through the police
lines and the crowds were soon massed against
ro. isnes unr there danger OF injury 10
many persons in the crush.
as rad enough before the military organl-
cations began to pass along the route above
slAty -rrst-st and through Seventy-second-st,
hut the press OF humanity was soon 10 grow
worse After the veterans had completed the
formation Of brEades in the side streets and had
~, rched into the west roadway OF the BOuIo-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-04-28
RECEIVED BY THE MAYOR

Mayor Strong who warmly cheered. brief
". but in appropriate words, received the monu'
rnent on behalf Of the city. His address Of ac~
oeptance is also 10 be found in the columns Of
the supplement.
The exercises closed with the singing Of the
-Hauelutah Chorus" from Handles Messiah
ty the Damrosch choir. The President and the
guests and officials then retired 10 tent in the
,4s- ~ the tomb where luncheon was served
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-04-28

THE NEW AND THE OLD CLfSSES'

To the Editor OF The Tribune
Sir: Looking over the "iliac OF Homer " Up
translation, a few DAYS since hit upon the follow
Ing e.oquent lines
Ye Goa wnat wonders has Ulysses wTpuGEt,
What fruits his conduct ana h.3 cous sEe 5e.U
Great IN Tie council glorious n the Ae'l
May not make these Lnes. without me ci'@"se
Of single word most appropriate tribute - oIe
memory OF Ulysses, whose to!ho W -
about 70 dedicate with unusual poinP anu -
Certainly wrought wonders LSi
pubic. r. =. Al CORaA>'
Jamaica. n. =. April q. 1854.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-04-28

the command had passed the stand one after
another began 10 sing John Browns Body.
II was purely impromptu performance, but the
people who heard the Glory, glory. hallelujah
will remember it as one Of the features OF the
parade.
Governor Charles W. Lippitt OF Rhode Island
and Governor Grout Of Vermont received their
share OF cheers, but extra effort seemed 10
be made when Governor Asa S. Bushnell OF Ohio
and his fine staff mounted on black chargers
came in sight Governor Bushnell seemed
pleased with the greetings, and his salutes'
which seemed to be intended for each individual
and his smiles caused the cheers TO be renewed
again and again.
Governor John r. Tanner Of Illinois was also
warmly greeted along the line.
When the Vermont division OF the parade
headed by Governor circuit. reached Sixty-fourtn-
ST. there was a sudden miX-up. morse De-
longing 10 one of the aids became frightened
and dashed against the mount OF the Governor
The latter was unseated and in the genera! con-
fusion which followed General T. S Peck and
Colonel John c. Clark were also unseated. no
one was injured, and. after block OF ten min
utes and considerable excitement the line
moved on
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1897-03-14
A Hole In His Skull.

The cast of R. R. Merrigold, an in
mate of the Brown county Is. D. } hos
pital is puzzle to the medical frater-
nifty. The patient has lived for num-
Der of years with large and growing
hole in his skull. The brains are covered
only by the skin of the scalp The hole
is circular in form, about five inches in
diameter and is located just above the
left ear. When first brought to the at
tention of physicians, the hole in the
skull was only about two inches across,
but it has been gradually increasing in
size. The cause Of the bone disease that
is eating away the skull is unknown.
Merrigold, who is 76 years of age, was
taken to the hospital from the village
of Rondell about AZ years ago. When
first taken there, he was perfectly sane,
but his mind has since been gradually
giving way.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1897-03-14

as the finished roadbed. There is no
better base than dry, firm earth, not
even telford foundation. The metal
should be spread at a uniform depth
over the whole surface, then partially
consolidated by rolling, then thoroughly
watered before the roller, which wetting
causes the pieces to glide more readily
together and to be more firmly bonded
without crushing. Any depressions
caused by rolling to be remedied by
picking up with pick and adding suffi-
cient stone to bring the surface up to
the proper level. For this purpose on
macadam and telford roads a steam
roller Of 10 or ~ tons weight is best
suited and most economical.
For gravel or earth roads a horse
roller of from six to ten tons is sufficient.
If the metal is we'll rolled and compact
ed, the bed will be impervious to water,
and the earth below will then be so dry
it will not freeze, uplift and disinte-
CRATE the bed. Dry stone, gravel or earth
does not readily compact. Therefore in
the spring, after the frost is well out
and the ground is moist, the whole sur
face should be rolled with heavy roller
There is nothing which gives better re-
turns for the money invested than free
application of the roller to the surface.
During the dry season the roads
should be frequently watered or covered
with a slight coat of loamy gravel.
In short perfectly good road must
have firm and unyielding foundation,
good drainage, hard and compact sur
face free from all ruts. hollows or de-
pressions, the surface neither too fiat to
allow water to stand nor too convex to
be inconvenient to the traffic, and free
from loose stones.
ITO mako a good road, " Commits
sioner Budd says, lis one thing; to keep
it in good repair is quite another The
fine roads of Europe are the result of a
splendid repair system, where every de
feet is remedied before it has time to
cause serious damage to the highway "
The lesson that has come out of the
six years experience is that any kind of
earth we'll drained and rolled is the
very best foundation for stone or other
material. Eight inches, properly laid
and rolled upon a solid earth foundation,
will sustain as heavy a load without de
pressing as IS inches. The experience of
the northern counties is that 4 inches
of macadam on we'll drained surface
answers most of their requirements, and
6 inches is the maximum they require.
In the middle counties they will have
no greater depth than 8 inches. But
in the lower counties, where the soil is
drier and presents the most desirable
foundation, they insist on roads 10 to ii
inches in depth, making the cost so great
that taxpayers are appalled,.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1897-03-14
UNDERLINED DIRT ROADWAY.
From Good Roads. |

two essential points to be aimed at in
the construction of a road:
First, hard, smooth, waterproof sur
face.
Second, thoroughly dry foundation.
These principles were known to the
Romans 800 b. G. and used in the con-
struction of their best highways.
The surface of a good road must be of
sufficient strength to resist the wear and
tear of traffic and smooth enough to pre-
vent undue strain and wear on vehicles.
In connection with this the soil beneath
must be made dry and kept dry There
fore the subject of road drainage is as
important as that of road metaling.
The best road covering is composed of
angular fragments of some stone grind
ing on the surface into dust which,
when wet, will bind or in measure
cement the fragments together, so that
water will not penetrate. The angular
form is essential to make the fragments
interlock. The sizes should be quite uni
form, except that the surface layer may
consist of fragments different in size
from those i'll the bottom course.
The total thickness of this metaling
must be at least inches ON natural
soil foundation. The fragments should
not exceed 2l6 inches i'll diameter and
should be rolled i'll two separate courses
with heavy steam roller until the sur
face is absolutely firm. This is the mae
adam system.
Where the soil foundation is clay or
for any reason difficult to drain the tel
ford method is used. In this case a
course Of fiat stones about six inches
deep, set ON edge and closely wedged
together, is placed upon the soil, and the
crushed stone is placed over this four
inches thick and rolled solid. In good
practice it is customary to roll the earth
before the stone is laid upon it and then
roll the stone foundation The telford
foundation forms bridge which pre-
vents the road from sinking in moist
soil
In some places tile drains, one on each
side of the road, are necessary. After
the road is built it must be kept CON
stantly in repair, and the neglect of this
principle is to great extent responsible
for the poor roads of the United States
The macadam and telford systems above
described are necessary for roads design
ed for heavy traffic in all weatherS, but
roads for pleasure driving only do not
need the same expensive preparation,
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1897-03-14

From Good Roads,
and by what agency shall it be expend-
ed. And in successfully introducing
this movement these questions must
first be wisely settled before any actual
road construction can be engaged in.
Some pioneer work must be done before
any general plan can be intelligently
offered, much less accepted, for the COM
prehensive treatment of our present bad
roads disorder.
1.-THE abolition of the plan of poll tax
and the substitution of a cash payment
into town or country road fund to be
expended under contract to experienced
roadbuilders, superintendent by a compe-
tent county official, are two of the easy
steps by which a comprehensive plan can
be approached. They are easy of execu-
ton, and the immediate results are so
favorable that the farmer at once agrees
to the wisdom of the plan. To put into
operation a law which will place a
slight tax upon the narrow tire is an
other means Of getting those most in
terested to appreciate that the road
question must receive intelligent treat
ment not only at the hands of our legis-
lators, but from every citizen whose
business has anything to do with roads.
"Several states have passed the early
stages of the work and are now carry
ing out carefully devised plans for ulti-
mately bringing the community into
full enjoyment Of good roads. It is a
long step between these simple prelimi-
naries and the larger plan. To hasten
progress all states now acknowledged as
leaders in this work, such as New Jer-
sey, California, Vermont, New Hamp-
shire, New York, Massachusetts and
Rhode Island, have appointed commits
sions to give special study to the ques-
tions in all its relations to the state and
report back to the legislatures with rec
concentrations touching future legisla-
ton and particular plans for developing
a systematic state road system
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1897-03-14
GOOD ROADS ECONOMY.
Costs More to Maintain Mud Roads Than
Well Built Highways.


Governor Mount of Indiana enunci-
ated some wholesome truths ON the road
question in his inaugural address. He
said in part:
Good roads are essential to our high
est development socially, intellectually
and financially. Many counties in our
state, actuated by a commendable spirit
of progress, are rapidly improving the
highways. In the near future some of
our counties will have complete sys-
TEN of free gravel roads. The main
thoroughfares in these counties, having
been graveled and received by the county
commissioners, are kept i'll repair at the
county's expense. The supervisor, being
thus relieved from care of the main
thoroughfares, is enabled to concentrate
the labor and tax at his disposal upon
the lateral roads; hence all will soon be
improved.
The economy in road improvement
will soon be demonstrated by the fact
that the counties having the best roads
will maintain them at less cost than the
mud roads, with all their inconven-
fences, are maintained in their wretched
condition. The work required by law of
ablebodied men, together with the road
tax, gives to the road supervisors of our
state the expenditure, i'll money and la
Dor, of vast sum Much of this is
wasted by reason Of incompetent man
agement The railroad tax for highway
improvement in some road districts Of
our state is so manipulated by the road
supervisor that the money inures more
to his benefit than the improvement of
the thoroughfares In some instances in
our state a brokerage business is carried
on, and money is made out of trafficking
in this road tax.
While some of our road laws need re-
forming, the manner of their execution
needs revolution. When competence is
made the test in selecting supervisors
and taxpayers see that they discharge
their duties, we will find some improve
ment i'll our highways without addi-
tional tax.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1897-03-14
IMPROVED HIGHWAYS.
Once the People Get Them They Will
BE Satisfied With No other.

Once the People Get Them They Will
BE Satisfied With No other.
Once community finds out that good
roads are possible all the year round and
that they are cheaper by all odds than
poor roads it will insist on having high
ways that are public comfort and con-
venience.
1.-THE best is the cheapest" applies to
nothing else with more force than to
roads. The farmers are learning this
fact, and only the fear of greatly in
creased taxes keeps them from pushing
the movement for getting the best stone
highways.
This objection is now being overcome
by following some plan whereby the
whole property of the state-city and
country-is being taxed to build the
country roads through system whereby
state aid is being extended to communi-
ties and help is offered those that offer
to help themselves
1t is a matter of uncertainty which
need fixing most-the roads or the road
laws of this country, Fixing the latter
will do much toward correcting the
former
In legislative way good deal is
being done. In the matter of the actual
work of fixing the highways there must
Of necessity be great improvement in
work and methods Good Roads.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1897-03-14
NEW ENGLAND ROADS.
Massachusetts and Connecticut Making
Rapid Progress.

Massachusetts and Connecticut Making
Rapid Progress.
The progress made i'll the last year in
Massachusetts, and Connecticut is most
encouraging. In the former state an APP
preparation of $500, 900 was provided a
year ago, and III 1896 the number of
miles of road built by the state advanced
from 80 to 100, the work being done in
many different localities, for the sake
of bringing its advantages before the
eyes of large number Of the people.
An appropriation of like amount will
be sought this year There is strong
feeling in favor of continuing the policy
entered on three or four years ago, and
a number of through routes" are CON
templated in various directions.
Connecticut proceeds in much more
modest way, its annual appropriation
being Limited to $4,000 In the two
years since the state undertook the work
and appointed a highway commission,
however, the counties have contributed
the same amount as the state, and more
than $500, coo has been raised by the
towns for road Improvement.
The Brunswick times. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 188?-1900, 1897-03-14

ESSENTIALS TO BE CONSIDERED IN
BUILDING HIGHWAYS.

Methods Suited to the Various Soiis-Mac-
adam and TeIford Foundation Systems.
Size and Form of stOne-Thickness of the
BIetalIing and How 1t Should Be Laid.
At the beginning of the present CEN
fury the highways of England were so
bad and the rates for toll so heavy that
public attention was attracted to the sit
uation. The Investigations which fol-
lowed led to the formulation of rules
for the construction of roads which have
resulted in the splendid highways for
which Great Britain has become ia
nous. Macadam and Telford were the
most prominent road engineers of that
time, and the two different systems Of
roadbuilding which they advocated are
still used, according to the requirements
of the locality where roads are to be
built.
In the United States most roads have
natural beds, and the character of these
beds is determined by the geology of the
region i'll which they lie. Hence the
roadbeds consist of clay, sand, loan,
gravel, ETC., or may occasionally be on
the surface of the country rock. From
this necessary relation between soil and
road it usually happens that the poorest
roads are in the regions of poor farms,
where property values and consequently
taxes are low and there is little money
to spend on the roads. This is especially
true in stony districts, for a stony soil
is the most unmanageable material for
a road.
Of the natural roads those on clay soil
are best i'll dry weather, those on sand
best in wet weather. When wet with a
certain proportion of water fine sand
becomes hard and elastic, as we see on
the beaches Of our Atlantic coast from
Lond Island southwark
OF the natural soils, the best for road
purposes are those variable mixtures of
sand and clay called loans. Loan roads
average better through the year than
those of clay or sand. A limestone gravel
also makes good road, as does u fine
quartz gravel mixed with clay. From
everyday experience it is clear that nat
ural roadbeds are not fit for heavy traf-
tic when under varying conditions of
moisture.
The experience of over 1000 years
has shown conclusively that there are