The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-08-01

hAuAE EENNs AIAlM NlNO8 muOn NINNnttuub anu y
number OF drawings to the optical features OF
this species, and strongly inolines to the view
s op;soI 5SssaGSS,s Psroysfiss ss 2 highly WHINE d
point, and these observations are sS an importsSt
chemical and ssnotio relations Of Ok. .SStenss
as here presented; the crystals often incloso
srHins Of what Prof. Lewis terms a titanic
splhellld. perhaps a titanifcrous magnetic
perhaps ilmenito, indicating n derivation there
rom; they also, In some cases, lie In a curious
manhor, upon or around partially altered Divine
Crystals, The remark Ia made that while poroy.
skite is familiar In various non.feidspathic
igneous ToGks, it has not been found in porido.
Lto uhIh frof. Williams recognized II In tho
peculiar rock from Syracuse Y. Y. and that
later Prot. Lewis identified IL in the similar
had been previously regarded rs a~nataso. These
'hree rocks those lrst named and the African
here named Rimberiite. The article Roes on to
show that In basic eruptive rocks the litnnium
takes the form Of rorovskitc. while in acid
develops ilmenite or titanic iron; and these de.
auctions harmonic precisely with important
experiments OF GourReois in tho artificial pro-
ddction Of titanium minerals.
;Aftor going into some particulars as to tho
minor minerals found in this rock, Prof. Lewis
cusses 1t infinitely. He terms 1t "a more or less
homogeneous ,serpentinous mass" vorv diff
dition, consisting now Of a mixture Of serpen.
tine with calcite,and some other products OF al
t%erstion. the original structure being lost.
the adjoining shale and diobase, and also Of
more deeply seated granite Fnelso, eologite,
predominates, sometimes. making the rock a
breccia. The shalo Itself Is highly charged with
carbon, SO as to be quito combustible; but the
included are altered, having lost
their carbon and become harder, sometimes
even metamorrhosed to a micaceous structure,
large masses, in the upper part Of. the mines,
called by tho workers "hoating-reef," to small
fragmonts, diminishing in number and size in
graphical and chemical. discussion as to the
hardly possible to follow him In a review, and
nhaing no known rock that presents identical
SSerllee''fTfhi This he R Rr0S sosisn ,os 1t al the i. name n@r Of Kim
volcanic perldotitc OF basaltlc structure" and
notes three forms Of its occurrence-W KIM
kimberfite breccia, the same rock broken and
crushed by volcanic and crowded
lite tuff, the fraemental and tufaceous portion
or in.o the he's same rock; These varieties, graduate
Same neck or crater, the second. however, be-
ing most abundant and productive of diamonds.
He treats Of the origin Of the brccciated struc-
geologists regarding the whole rock as a sort Of
tufa or volcanic mud, while others hold that it
fragments OF tho rocks broken through in its
course, and has since been largely decomposed.
Prof. Lewis urges the latter theory strongly
the editor. Prof. Bonney, evidently inciines to
the other view. advocated by Prof. w, II. Uud-
is not space hero to review Prof. Lewis sew.
eral arguments for the true igneous character
Of the kIinmborlite and against the tufaceous
theory. Tho one to which Prof. Bonney ac-
the rock with that from Syracuse. y. Y. and
Elliott county, Kentucky, where it occurs in
actual bikes. such as are found in tufas. The
breccietcd character. which is SO marked. is
ether eStSer'a sep ps arI5' t or per h In' :tos ssasss' " Tkese
are ~ rapid cooling ard shrinkage; t2l "fric-
ton brecciation," from contact with the wall
plosions In the crater itself, below. He illus
trates and parallels the first Of these meteor
ties, to some of which this rock bears marked
resemblance both in structure and contents.
and the others, from well-known occurrences
In Terrestrial volcanic rocks.
with q detailed account. from specimens and
notes of Prof. Lewis, Of the two other known
and Willard, Kentucky. The identity OF these
with the African rock In almost all particulars
i've tufas Prot e n new a. sn Sisw aoF aa % nm Ie esuP,
strongly confirmed.
IT remains only to cell attention to other and
later facts which tend to bear out the views
presented in this remarkable article.
The presence of residual hydrocarbon in the
by an interesting and important observation Of
s Msn Mssasy T. K KSsf2e 'Ps9e; Lit 4 Phil: Soc . Of
the subject. He found that the blue ground"
matte hydrocarbon which he was able to sepa-
rate by digesting the blue ground" with ether
p pesrei fv as q erysfal the s ]sS5ntiGR; solid ii th Sarni hR;
Volatile. sm nns ymm ilHms '; Al S y g. it rich in oarbOn''
theory is clear; He, holds that the iEneonss
rock, breaking thr9ugh the highly cGrbonaGeous
lisid. g. fhH s! G ;s1iSe pef ssn r Of carbon e. and T r4G..
shsrgoi i0F With A% Ho ! sssf hydRr I; ar! SssI dis'
ttllah from fhp Shnla md that In COOLING thnaa
had crystalized. partly into diamonds and part
~ Into the many cnrhonadons. larger and
rock. Prot. Roscoe's material strongly con-
hrms this theory, which he himself propoundcd.
oa IN IN 1si tbs meteor me1eorlte of fo Po at N9R0 Srci SSteptt;
was found TO contain about one per cent. OF
diamond carbon in the form of gray particles.
occurrence OF the diamond in the meteoritcs
and IN the south African Kimberlite wa the
next important paper on this subject. Comp
In 1857 Mr.; Fletcher meteorological Maya
sinf; & l@Ii DESCRIBED the new mineral. Gilt;
with faces OF the dodecahed:on or tetrahexa-
Australia. This suggested a SrapSite alte Tst
ton Of diamond. a view taken by brezinq Am.
Mus; Wien, Nv. lo?. 1880 regarding this new
type, observed long before in the Arva meteor
ite and regarded as pseudomorpho after pyrite.
by Rose. MS after diamond lBeschr. Meteor.
40, 1864. Similar crystals were also known
in tho Sewer iron OF Cooke county. Tenn.
In 1891 the discovery OF diamonds. or at least
Of diamond carbon, In some quantity, in the
meteoric iron of Canon Diablo, Ariz., was an.
nounced by the late Prof. A. +. Foole ,Imcri-
can Journal Of Sci.uce, vol. Kill. July. 1891,
July. 1892 Science, p. l5,, DR.. O. W. Hunting
ton, gave further experiments on the same ma.
terial, confirming the determinations OF Profs.
Foote and Koenig. and in December Of the same
Eenr, similar results were published by VI. c.
Fr'edel Bulletin de Ia Soc. Fra cdisc de Min
era oge, \. Q, p. 21sj. A crucial test was
then, proposed by q. +. Kunz Of New York. and
carried out IN the presence OF DR.. Huntington
nj the Worlds Fair al ChictSO. Sept. IL. 1898,
viz. the cutting OF polished faces on pieces Of
diamond with some OF the carbon powder from
the cavities OF the Canon Diablo mcte0rite
l.intrihGn Journal o. Science. vol. NLNI,
December, 1898. and hi, report for 1893. PIP.
6S3.bsjI.
In the mean time Prof. Henry Moissan of
Paris had been making his celebrated eX.