The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-29
written for. the CItizen.)

du OutcoHle OI lnlS heir w. Scnmlut,
of Aschersleben, has devised new
form of superheaier, with a motor
lagely based on the gas engine princi-
pie. Tests of this new type of motor
have convinced Professor Ripper, of
the Sheffield Technical School, that a
new chapter in steam engine economy
Is begun. The usual working temper.
ature is about 7O00 Fahrenheit, while
that of ordinary engines is from 300o TO
$500. In its simple non-condensing
form, the engine has run on a con-
sumption of IT'S pounds of steam per
horsepower hour, which has hitherto
been possible with engines of the COM
pound condensiug kind. The pressure
of steam used was 30 pounds, and the
number of expansions about five. One
of the new engines at Munich, ia
compound coudensing form, has given
result of 1917 pounds of steam, which
Is ~ per cent. lower than the best rec
ord of any ether practical engine. The
great economy, it is explained, is due
solely TO the prevention of condensa-
ton in the cylinders
The discOveler of terrestrial helion,
Professor Ramsay, was unable to detec
thls gas IN the atmosphere of the Brit
lsh Isles. But Professor II. Kavser. of
Bonn, has reported that small quanti-
ties OF 1t, associated with argon, have
been found issuing as a stream into
the air III the gases of the springs O!
Wlldbad in the Black Forest and that
the sptctroscope gives distinct traces
OF hellon IN the air of Bonn. 1t is sug-
gested that the absence of this element
IN one place and its presence in an
other may explain the influence OF
"a change of air"
Lead is welded, in the process of NJ.
Blondel, by placing a thin layer of lead
analgam between the Carefully cleaned
surfaces, aud then vapuriZing the mer-
curry by passing a soldering iron along
the line of junction.
Among the suggested sources of heat
less light is the Geissler tube. in which
raretied air or other gas is rendered In
nllnOus hy the passage of an electric
lie
mlhescence has been made by Herr A.
Wiz. An Induction coil and Holtz
machine were each used for SUPPLYING
current, and experiments were made
WIN several tubes, including one
intended as a miners lamn ana
Que designed for use by phy-
slcians in Illuminating cavities of the
Dody. With the induction current of
a small Ruhmkorti coil, the miners
lamp yielded sufficient light TO enable
ohe(to read The energy required was
about half that necessary for an ordi.
nary lntaudescent lamp with carbon
hlament. With the HoItz machine.
.ne expenditure of energy was about
twice that for an incandescent lamp
giving much more light. But the
neat produced corresponded only 10
Cne nun part OF the energy expend-
Gu, Whlch Is much less than ia any
other source of light. 1t Is concluded
that at present luminiscence at low
temperatures gives very mediocre re-
suits, but at least enables us to reduce
the useless Rotations Of heat. By les
sening the losses of electricity, by con-
centrating the light in a limited space,
by utilizing the fluoroscence of certain
substances, and 10y inventing certain
special arrangements we may hope to
obtain light better than the best now
known.
The first instance of The technical
use of microbes is believed to be found
in the manufacture OF ang-khak, IA col
oring matter imported from China into
Java for giving fine purple color TO
foods and beverages. This substance,
according to Herr H. G. Poinsen, is the
product of special fungus which is
propagated in the province of QUAINT
tung. Plates of boiled rice, spriukled
with aug-khak of former preparation,
are kept for six days in a dark, cold
place, when they are found to have as
sumed a red color, which afterward
darkens. The original source of the
fungus is unknown. 1t vegetables upon
any carbohydrate in presence of oxy-
gen, and is chiefly interfered with 6y
other fungi and bacteria, which are
kept away by trace of arsenic. The
coloTing matter dissoives in alcohol,
and behaves like most of the aniline.
colors.
Spiders of the Java forests weave
webs so strong that knife is required
to cut through them.
The Edison kaleidoscope shows its
wonderful moving pictures in minia-
ture form, and 10 but one person at a
time. Bright objects must be selected,
as the MIN bearing the photographs
moves continuously and is Illuminated
only about a 7,000th of second at each
picture, and at least thirty impre .sions
per second are necessary to give COZ :
tinuity. Tie kinematngraph, an in
vention of Messrs. A. and l.. Lumiere,
is claimed to avoid these disadvan-
tages. The principal features of this
instrument are mechanism whereby
the film is at rest during illumination,
and an arrangement for projecting the
images upon screen, 30 as TO be Wis
lille to large number of spectators.
The film is at rest and illuminated dur
ing twO-thirds Of the time of passage of
Sc ch image, aud only fifteen images
81, .ysecond are necessary. The same
b. :" ,Iatus may be used for taking the
sIH graphs and for printing trans
!, bdlcies from the negatives. The evo-
si.he 1ns of cuirassiers, a burning house,
rssr FACTORY, street scenes aud a dinner
'k;ariy were among the objects thrown
). m the screen at a recent exhibition IN
ssPri'.
The State forrest area OF Prussia is
6,0c0, 900 acres, yielding an annual net
suontuu IF .ahouf @g 00n n0n Pouor;. |