davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10

sos, O44, while the value for all other
fertilizers for the same year was only
$163, 133 In Florida, sea-weed ought
to be an article of great agricultural
Importance since it occurs in great
abundance in various sections of the
state and adjacent to lands that would
be highly benefited byits application.
When applied to soils in warm eli
mates like that of Florida it, doubt
less, would be safer to allow the
weeds, after cutting, to die and enter
upon decay before applying them to
the SOIL in order to avoid the risk of
souring the latter by applying
them in green state and allowing
them to undergo rapid decomposition
'The elements that we have thus
far described constitute what are US
ually called the ''organic" elements
of the soil. 1t now remains to de-
scribe those elements that compose
the mineral portion of the soil, and
which are left behind in the form of
ash when the soil is burned
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10
Railroad Statistics.

The ninth statistical report of the
Interstate Commerce Commission has
been issued and contains many items
of interest.
1t gives the total number of rail
roads in the hands of receivers as ISL.
The total mileage of railroads in the
United States is given as 1872, 1868.
Total locomotives in service, $3.50;
number of cars, 1897, $40, of which
number 1,221,887 were assigned to
freight service. Number of men en-
ployed, 873,6o2. Aggregate amount
paid in wages andsalaries, $469, S24,531.
Amount of railway capital $10,566, $685.
III. Number of passengers carried
during the year, 551 ,772,737. The num-
Der of passengers carried one mile
during the year was 13,o49,o07,233.
The gross earning of the railroads for
the year were $1,15O, 1916. Number
of employees killed during the year
1861. Number of passengers killed
1871; number injured, 2,876.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10
Sea Weed as a Source of Nitrogen

In Bulletin 43 of the Aorida Agri-
cultural Experiment Station, Prof.
Person writes as follows in reference
to sea weed as a source of nitrogen:
1T is now known that some varie-
ties of sea-weed, in a green state, are
valuable sources of nitrogen. Jen-
kins has shown, from the analysis of
several varieties, that they are fully
equal in fertilizing value to stall ma
nure and still they are sold at rate
of five cents per bushel. This inves-
tigator has been fully corroborated
in his statements by other eminent
scientists, such as Goessman, Hart
we'll and Wheeler. All are aware that
sea-weed has long been esteemed as a
fertilizer. AS early as the fourth cen
fury, it's value was clearly recognized
and it has come to be more appreciat-
ed in later days, since a chemical in
vestigation has corroborated the
views held in those early times, that
it possessed great value for fertiliz-
ing purposes. To illustrate the COM
mercial Importance of this material,
it is only necessary to state that in
1885 it's value as a fertilizer in the
state of Rhode Island, alone, was
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10
Fruit Preservative.

The following formula, has for
many years been sold at the fairs in
the northern states for $500, and from
the samples displayed is etficacious.
The antiseptic properties of salicylic
acid are well known.
No. l. Salicylic acid 80 grains, sugar
61h ounces, water one quart.
No. 2. Salicylic acid "a grains, salt
one ounce, water one quart.
No. 3. Salicylic acid six penny
weights, salt five ounces, water one
gallon.
No. 4. Salicy1ic acid two ounces, al
cohol half pint.
Always dissolve acid in alcohol. Suf-
ficient to leave a clear liquid before
adding to the water.
For Fruit-Select sound and clean
fruit as soon as possible after being
picked. Pack tight in a glass, stone
or wooden vessel; when completely
filled cover with solution No. 1.
For Pickles.-Any vegetable suitable
for picking should be gathered fresh
placed in a jar, key, or barrel; pack
tight and cover with solution No. 2.
For Green Corn, Peas, Beans, Etc
Pack as for pickles and cover with
solution No. 3. When required for
use, soak in fresh water a short time.
For Cider or Fruit Juice of any
Kind.--When fermentation has ad-
vanced sufficiently to suit the taste, to
each barrel add solution No. 4.
Salicylic Acid.-For twenty-five
cents you can purchase one ounce,
which contains $50 grains: Four
grains will keep quart of milk from
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10

atty of the present stock law of Flor
ida. They will carry the matter into
the courts and make test case. The
address of those in sympathy with
the movement is requested by DR..
Geo. E. Walker, secretary, Hunting
ton, Fla.
While the Agriculturist is in hearty
sympathy with the movement, it has
very little hope of it's accomplishing
the desired result. We believe that a
concerted effort ON the part of our
people to secure the enactment of a
local option no-fence law would result
more satisfactorily.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10
Bitter Pecans.

Recently a correspondent requested
information as to the cause of bitter
pecans borne by one of his trees. Mr..
Arthur Brown, of Bagdad, recog-
nized authority on pecan culture
writes as follows to the Farmer and
Fruit Grower:
In some pecans of commerce there
are found many with bitter kernels.
Upon examination I have found that
the layer interlining that separates
the kernel, is very large and bitter,
and hence the bitterness of the kernel.
This exists, so far as know only in
hard shell pecans, and this bitterness
caused pecans to be drug in the
market many years. [ have only thin
shell, paper-sheH so-called pecans with
kernels sweet, crisp, tender and de
licious.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10

for home, and this means more than
the growth of plants or the richness
OF soil. He is making a place that is
to bring him comfort and happiness,
and in which he is to grow old, and
from which his children are to branch
out into the world. 1t is to give him
living and profit, of course; but
even these practical matters mu &
some time give way to more impor-
tant considerations. Health first, and
then wealth will follow in time as a
natural consequence.
"But in this case financial and ply
steal advantage both point in the
same direction. An important consid-
Grafton for the immigrant to make
note of is the fact that in the major
ity of cases the difference between
the original cost of purchase and
clearing pine lands in Florida, and
hammock lands, if judiciously ex-
pended in suitable fertilizers and til
lage, will make of the former better
land than the latter. [ had a neighbor
in Orange county, the son of a promi-
nent official in Washington, who pur-
chased large tract of hammock land
at the cost of about 500 per acre, and
then expended about as much more
in having it cleared. Many tropical
seeds were sent to him from the bo-
tanical gardens to be experimental
with, and at the end of a few years he
had a very interesting place. But
long before that he had begun to re-
gret he had not purchased high pine
instead of hammock, and put the diff
ference in cost in fertilizing. 1t would
have put thousands of dollars in his
pocket, he declared; and more than
that would have meant better health
for his children.
"However, if a considerable tract is
purchased comprising both high pine
and hammock, and the house is
placed at least an eighth of a mile
away from the hammock, then the
latter might prove a decided advan-
tage, as it could be used for either
truck or orange grove, and would re-
quire little or no fertilizer for several
years. But money is usually an inn
portant consideration with the new
arrival, and I would advise him to do
what [ would do in my own case, pur-
chase good high pine land. 1t costs
less, is easily cleared, and in the long
run will undoubtedly give better sat-
isfaction."
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10
Pine or Hammock Land.

Mr.. Frank IL. sweet contributes al
interesting article to Southern States
Farm Magazine under the above cap
tan. 1t is evident that Mr.. Sweet is g
pine land advocate, and the points
made by him are well taken. How
ever, it is well to consider the natural
fertility and adaptability of hammock
land in making a selection. Mr.
Sweets suggestion in reference to the
selection of a place containing both
pine and hammock land, and making
the home on the former, is good
one, but the difficulty in the way OF
this is the limited supply of such
places Mr.. Sweets article follows:
'"The first question that confronts
the prospective settler in Florida is
the choice of land Shall it be high
pine or hammock?
Hooking over the country and sam
ping the soil, he is, perhaps, strongly
inclined to the latter. Young groves
on the hammocks certainly have q
more thrifty appearance, and there is
evidence of considerable humus in the
ground, and indeed, why should not
these low lands that grow such a ranl
luXuriance of trees and vines be bet
ter than the high pine lands that, tc
his Northern eyes, look like so much
pure white sand?
cit is just here that the too credu-
lous land seeker should take time tC
weigh the question carefully. Let
him examine old groves instead OF
young ones, on both hammock anc
high pine, taking into consideration
the amount of fertilizer the owner ap
plies in each case; let him investigate
the cost of clearing the two species Of
land, and, above all, let him inquire
into their healthfulness.
Undoubtedly hammock land is
stronger during the first three or foul
years requires less artificial fer
tilizer; small plants grow better upo1
it, and young orange groves more Wig
orously. But at the end of few
years, after the surface humus has
been exhausted, there is practically
no difference between it and the higf
pine land, or if there is, the difference
is too slight to be noticed by the or
binary observer.
again, this hammock land costs
from two to ten times as much tt
clear as the high pine-say from $50
to 500 per acre, against $40 or $25-
and when to this is added the frs
cost of the hammock, generally two
or three times as much as the pine, i
will be seen that the subject is one
worthy of careful elaboration.
''But above all should be considered
the healthfulness. Hammock lane
does very well as the site of winter
home, but along in the summer, whe1
the rains come on, it is more than APP
to develop malaria. Indeed, many
Floridians who have groves on ham
mock land move back to the high pine
ridges when the rainy season appears
The new settler is generally looking
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10
WEDNESDAY,, NOV. 10, 1897.
Table of Contents.

FARM, GROVE AND GARDEN.-Grove
Notes; Miami Fibre Industry; The Cam
phor Business ............... ......7O5
An Explanation; Asparagus Culture;
Protecting Orange Trees; Camphor
Trees in Florida; Express Company's
KaCeS-- 1900 'OO
The Old Plantation Versus Intensive
Farming ............. .................. 7O7
Trans mississippi Exposition..............7 oe
Wiring up Oranges. ............717
TOBACCO Florida Tobacco Fair
Judges Report; a New Tobacco Pest;
Florida Tobacco Crop; Necessity of
Proper Curing. ...........----....-....71O
FLORAL--A Great Flower Mart; Pansies;
Verbena from Seed; When Labor Begins;
Herbaceous Plants; A New Tallow
EDITORIAL-Bitter Pecans To Make
Test; Pine or Hammock Land Sea
Weeds as Source of Nitrogen; Rail
HOUSEHOLD-TwoL Little Bags: Story
With a Moral; Pure Air Desideratum;
Nutritious, Bread; Three Pretty Table
Covers; Dye HintS........... .-----........714
POULTRY-Puilets or Hens; Quality and
Price: Ten Square Feet: Moisture in In
cubators; Why Sitters Fail; Foods That
Are Needed; Feathering Stage eff Chicks us
LITERARY-Her Golden Locks....... lille
JOKERS.. -. .......... 8
FLORlD1A AN Announcements. '....| .
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10
To Make a Test.

We are advised that the "Fruitland
Peninsula Law and Order League"
has decided to test the constitution
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10

ADVERTISING RATES.
Rates for advertising furnished on ap-
-lication by letter or in person.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10
Members of
THE FLORIDA PRESS ASSOCIATION
Affiliated with the
NATIONAL EDITORIAL ASSOCIATION.
TERMS.

One year, single subscription ........$2OO
Six months, single subscription ...... 10y
Single COW ........ 05
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10
TO CORRESPONDENTS.

Articles relating to any topic within
the scope of this paper are solicited.
We can not promise to return rejected
manuscript unless stamps are enclosed.
All communications intended for publi-
cation must be accompanied with real
name, as a guarantee Of good faith. No
anonymous contribution will be regarded.
Money should be sent by Draft, Postof-
flee Money Order on DeLand, or Regis
tered Letter, otherwise the publisher will
not be responsible in case of loss. When
personal checks are used exchange must
be added. Only 1 and 2-cent stamps
taken when change cannot be had.
To insure insertion, all advertisements
for this paper must be received by 10
o'clock Monday morning of each week.
Subscribers when writing to have the
address of their paper changed, MUST
give the old as we'll as the new address.
We now have an Office in Jacksonville,
Room 4. Robinson Block. Viaduct, where Mr..
Painter will be pleased to see any of our sub
scribers. Any time we can be of service in
Jacksonville drop line to above addres
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-11-10

E. o. PAINTER & CO.
PUBLISHERS AND PROPRIEToRs.
Published every Wednesday and devoted to
the development of Florida and the best inter
ests of her people.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-11
squsesed b. san ana Moon.

1qusesoo BY san end Noon
A very curious observation was
made BY Dr.. Nansen during his adven-
turous journey toward the North Pole
concerning the effects Of tho tides on
the floating ice. The worst pressures
experienced by his ship. the Fran.
when fnclosed in ice Except those due
to high winds) occurred regularly
about the time Of new and full moon,
the greatest being at the new moon.
The reason, the Youths Companion
says. was because the tidal currents
near the margin Of the polar ice fielda
drive the floating ice before them, and
at new and full moon the tidal attrac.
ton Of the sun is added to that Of tho
moon, so that they may be said to pull
together, and the effect on the sea ID
increased. DR.. Nansen also observed
that the ice does not form by direct
freezing on the Polar Sea to thick.
ness exceeding thirteen feet. That
was the maximum noticed by him; but
in the ice fields the thickness becomes
greatly increased by the ptlfng up Of
broken masses, under the aettOn oil
winds and waves. 1.-THE massive ice.
cap which many explorers have be.
lieved to cover the polar srea," hs
said in his recent lecture In London,
has been shattered. Instead Of ttwt
have ever-wandering ice fields"
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-11
Tho B.ra Man. B.e.,,...

The microbe, that seapegoat of mod
ern science, has to bear the burden OF
yet another human inffrmity, II we
may credit the report made by DR..
Sabouraud, to the Psychological so.
ciety Of Paris. He asserts that pre-.
mature badness is chiefly due to the
ravages OF bacillus which takes uu
its abode in the fatty cells lying about
the roots Of the hair. Whether this
parasite consumes the nptriment pro.
vided by nature for the support Of the
capillary crop or secretes q toxin
that is fatal to the hirsute growth
seems to be % yet undecided. The
eminent psychologist has succeeded IN
cultivating the creature after the most
approved Pasteurian methods and thu
fleece Of . sheep inoculated with the
virus shows bare patches Of a mos,
gratifying nature. Now comes thu
question Of the remedy. Shall we al,
Of us have to be vaccinated for bald.
ness. Just as we may be for smallpox
rabies. diphtheria. phthisis. buboni,
plague and the other ills that flesh ],
heir to?
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-11
PROF. BARNARD's BALLOON AIR SHIP.
pose Of determining the influence o,
coffee in destroying disease germs.'

pose Of determining the influence Of
coffee in destroying disease germs %
says Modern Medicine. "The conclu-
sion was that coffee is to some degree
disinfectant. The disinfectant prop
critics of coffee depend, however, not
upon the active principle Of coffee, or
caffein, which it contains, but upon
the substances developed in the roast
ing Of the coffee. It was found that
the various substances for coffee are
also germicides, and, like it, develop
disinfectant properties during the
roasting process. A watery, infusion
Of either coffee or its substitutes was
found to be capable Of killing the
germs Of cholera within few hours
and Of typhoid fever in a somewhat
longer time. The conclusion should
not. however, be drawn from these
statements that either coffee or its
substitutes are to be considered Of
value on account Of their slight anti.
septic properties. as too long q time
is required for the destruction Of
germs by them"
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-11
" A:C0MI4N DoYZH

But II her conduct and appearance
had already somewhat Jared upon their
limited and precise sense Of the fitness
OF things. what were they to think Of
the next little act in this tableaux
vivant? The cabman. red and heavy
jowled. had come back from his labors,
and held out his hand for his fare.
The lady passed him a coin, there was
moment Of mumbling and gesticulat-
ing. and suddenly she had him with
both hands by the red cravat which grit
MS neck. and was shaking. him as a
terrier would rat. Right across the
pavement she thrust him, and pushing
him up against the wheel, she banged
MS head three several times against
the side OF his own vehicle. ".
can be of any use to you, aunt? ?"
asked the large youth, framing himself
In the open doorway.
mot the slightest" painted the en-
ragged lady. "There. you low black
guard. that will teach you to be imper-
tinent to lady,"
The cabman looked helplessly about
him with a bewildered, Questioning
gaze. as one to whom alone Of all men
this unheard-of and extraordinary thing
mad happened. Then, rubbing his head,
ne mounted slowly on to the box, and
drove away with an uptossed hand APP
oealing to the universe. The. lady
smoothed down her dress. pushed back
her hair under her little felt hat, and
strobe in through the hall-door. which
she closed behind her. AS with .whisk
her short skirts vanished into the
darkness. the two spectators-Miss
Bertha and Miss Monica Williams-sat
looking at each other in speeches.
amazement. For fifty years they had
peeped through that little window and
across that trim garden, but never yet
had such p sight as this come to con-
found them.
81 wish." said Monica at last, "that
we had kept the field"
81 am sure wish we had" answered
her sister,
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-11
(ro BE coNT1NUED.)
coNouEsroFr THE NORTHWEST

It Was Acquired from the British by
Force of Arms.
In 1776, when independence was. de-
clared, the United States included Only
the thirteen original states on the sea-
board. With the exception of a few
hunters, there were no white men west
OF the Allegheny mountains, and there
was not even an American hunter In
the great country out Of which we have
since made the states Of Illinois, In
diana. Ohio. Michigan. and Wisconsin.
All this region north of the Ohio river
then formed part Of the Province Of
Quebec. It was wilderness of forests
and prairies. teeming with game, and
inhabited by many warlike tribes Of In
dams. Here and there through it were
dotted quaint little towns Of French
Creoles. the most important being De-
trott, Vincennes on the Wabash, and
Kaskaskfa and Kahokia on the Illinois.
These French villages were ruled by
British officers commanding small bod
les Of regular soldiers or Tory rangers
and Creole partisans. The towns were
completely in the power Of the Brit
tsh government; none Of the American
states had actual possession Of q foot
Of property in the northwestern terri
tory. The northwest was acquired at
the time Of the revolution only by armed
conquest, and IL It had not been SO ac-
quired, It would have remained part
Of the British Dominion Of Canada. The
man to whom this conquest was due
was a famous backwoods leader,
mighty hunter. a noted Indian fighter
George Rogers Clark. He was very
strong man.. with light hair and blue
eyes, Of good Virginian family. who.
early in his youth. embarked on the
adventurous career Of backwoods sur
veyor,, exactly as Washington and SO
many other young Virginians Of spirit
did at that period. He travelled out to
Kentucky soon after it was opened up
by Boone. and lived there for year.
either at the stations or camping by
himself In the woods, surveying, hunt
ing and making war against the In
dams like any other settler; but all the
time his mind was bent on vaster
schemes than were dreamed Of by the
men around him. He had his spies out
in the northwestern territory, and be-
came convinced that with small force
Of resolute backwoodsmen he could con.
quer 1t for the United States. When
he went back to Virginia Gov. Patrick
Henry entered heartily into Clar9k's
schemes and gave him authority to At
out force for his purpose.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-11

sterile food Il washed down With anti.
septic drink W should probably al.
d starvation or something worse
While deprecatings extrsme measures
by sanitary reformers, however, Pro.
lessor Herdman recommends inspec.
ton Of shellilsh grounds. to insure
their practical freedom from sewage
Re would also have oysters kept alive
In running water for q short time. al
experiments show that the living ami.
NAL In clean water soon gets rid Of
any disease germs with which 1t may
be infected.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-11

immunity from both affections. After
emancipation they appeared to quickly
lose this immunity. and at the present
time are exceedingly susceptible to
both. Formerly, although in state of
slavery. they are said to have been we'll
cared for, compelled to lead orderly,
regular lives. and kept from dissipa-
ton and excess. Freedom removed
these restraints. and they quickly
plunged into riotous and vicious habits.
A physician who has Investigated the
subject writes in transatlantic con-
temporary that "the rapid increase of
insanity and consumption in this race
is due to a combination of causes and
conditions. They have developed a
highly insane, consumptive, syphilitic
and alcoholic constitution which pre-
disposes them to diseases they were
formerly free from. In this disturbed
and unstable condition they seem to
be totally unable to resist the slightest
excitement. Recent mortality returns
show that the death rate Of the colored
people from tuberculosis is three times
rs high as that Of the whites"
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1897-06-11
A Wood Bracket.

Handsome and substantial is q
bracket to be made Of wildwood after
The following measures: Part next to
the wall, 1874 inches long, 64 inches
vide above and s inches below: eurv-
ings at upper and lower edge three
quarters Of an inch high; stay 31k
inches high, made Of wood one-quar-
ter Of an inch thick, fastened in
the middle under a crossboard size Of
the back Of bracket; ledge, 2 inches
high, Of round wooden bars. The wood
should be rubbed smooth with sand
paper and painted first with light green
enamel color, which must be quite dry
before the flower sprig, painted also