davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The advocate., 1897-01-20
The Evolution Of the Tramp.


[The following paper was prepared by ex-
superintendent A. I. Biggs OF Lincoln county
and WAS read In discussion OF the tramp ques-
ton at che late annual meeting OF the Kansas
state Teachers Assoclation.-ED.
The tramp, like the poor, we have
always with us. Since the days of
Cain and Ishmsel he hes fully kept
pace with the increase of population,
but 1t has remained for the boasted
civilization Of the nineteenth century
to show his most abnormal increase.
The hereditary, the voluntary tramp,
1 leave to be treated of by others, with
only the suggestion that he is mostly q
foreign product imported duty free
that the oppressed manufactures might
share the blessing of the "psuper labor
Of Europe"
Probably sll will agree that the hard
times have evolved the Involuntary
tramp, or the one who would work IL
he could get it. Then what has caused
the margin between the industrious,
frugal farmer and mechanic and the
tramp to grow narrower and narrower
for the last thirty yesrsP
If we accept the verdict of the re-
cent elections, 1t was low taxes (tarif)
and too much money In circulation.
There is q respectable minority made
up largely Of poor farmers and labOrers
that differ from that opinion. Some
profound thinkers, like Ridpath, Lo'
gan, Plumb and Ingalls, have shared
this opinion. My own opinion is that
it has been the greed and tyranny OF
combined, organized, corporate cap
itsl that Is responsible for present
conditions. The time dreaded by the
sainted Lincoln has come when capital
has been placed above lsbor-when the
creature has become gresCer than the
creator. In support of my opinion l
offer the evidence Of the greatest living
Ksnsan who in 1873 characterized ours
as ''system which gives to Wander
bilt wealth beyond the dreams Of ava.
rice and condemns the poor to pow
eEty that has no refuge but the prison
OK the grave. The laborers OF the
country asRtng fOr employment aEa
The advocate., 1897-01-20

tive HcGl0n or our LeRlBLRGuro' Ab W
Senator, q decided preponderancs Of
sentiment was In favor Of PETER,
though great admiration and regard
was expressed for Breidenthal. l
heard but few criticisms Of PETER. A
half dozen, perhaps, objected to his
proposal to pension Mrs. Martin, widow
of the late Governor, on general prin-
Ciples; that it saVored of the civil pen.
sion system of England, which ought
never to exist In this country and con-
trasted it with the pension about the
same time offered the widow of the
late President of France and which
she promptly rejected. And here \
ought to state that very many ardent
Populists arraign Jerry Simpson for
his vote against the Hatch anti option
bill and expressed great surprise that
he should have made such break IN
his record.
All are expecting reduction In
State and county expenses and COM
planning of heavy taxes; consequently
they protest against the State entering
upon any new projects involving in
creased expenses, and are very sore
over the State House swindle and to
the Ellsworth old soldier fraud, as they
denominste it. They are also kicking
on account of the sixty.five Oriental
rugs and the $1,000 bsth.tub las they
have got it) for State Offices.
The demand for reduction of fees
and salaries is practically unanimous
with all parties, and the people trust
that the assemblage of the parties con-
cerned at Topeka will not be allowed
to thwart their demand. They have
learned that a clerkship of the Supreme
court is worth SIC, 600 year and that
q stenogrspher of Topeka court a few
years ago made $4,000 In one day.
And they illustrate their demand for a
reduction of salaries Of county officers
byan interesting story Of a late County
Clerk of an eastern county who en-
ployed his predecessor to do the bust
ness and discharge the duties OF the
office for 800 a year while he pocketed
the salary of $4,000 and fees at his
leisure. And this YVES not all. After
his term had expired and the deputy
was out of job, the people elevated the
latter to the County Treasurership at
$4,000 q yesr-the same man who had
worked for $7OOA year and glad to get
it. We believe that there are q score
of school teachers and a hundred other
csllings in every county of the State
abundsntly competent and willing to
discharge the duties Of these offices at
less than half the money that is now
paid them; and that the reduction
would limit II not end the upseemly
scramble now exhibited at our nomi-
mating conventions to get the chance
to live on the public.
AS to regulation Of railroads, men Of
good judgment believe that the enlarg-
ing of the powers of the Railroad Com
missioners and giving to them the
authority to adjust freight charges
would accomplish what is needed,
Still, they regard it as SO difficult a
problem that 1t would be prudent and
proper for our friends to consult law
yers Clemens and Waters literally In
The advocate., 1897-01-20

BaHB NAeNAAe AA4 NAh AAAAAOAuAA
speech In the Senate In 1891, be said:
"a financial system under which more
than one, half Of the enormous wealth
of the country derived from the bounty
Of nature and the labor Of all is owned
bya little more than $4,000 people,
while l million American citizens, able
and willing to toil, are homeless trsmps
starving for bread, requires adjust
ment. We are, accustomed TO speak
Of this as the land Of the free and the
home Of the brave. II will soon be the
homo of the rich and the land Of the
slave" Oh, this is old. So is'the Bible
Both are good; both are true. For his
utterances Mr.. Ingalls was so taken to
task by his political friends that he has
scarcely dared to invade the domain of
truth since.
Passing the statue Of "Liberty" on
her way to the guillotine, Madame Ro-
land exclaimed: "Oh, Liberty Lib
ertyl what crimes are committed In
thy namer" So we might say Of hon
esty, for every outrage perpetrated
upon the people for the last thirty
years has been under the guise Of hon
esty. Honest money is the last-as
though the money Of contract was not
honest money.
Patriotism, so-called, is another bait
that catches suckers. When l hear
alleged statesmen declslming In favor
of flag on every school house Ito be-
whipped out by the wind and the drill
ing Of children in military tactics, and
In the next breath advocating bimetal-
lism 30 soon as England will agree
following the leaders "whO bow the
supple hinges Of the knee that thrift
may follow fawnlng," 1t makes me in.
expreasibly weary.
Capital subsidies Legislatures, OK.
eCutives, judiciary and the press, sup.
presses facts and spreads falsehood.
Take, FOR instance, the statement OF
Secretary Morton that the West was
In better condition than the East and
that u per cent. of the men owning
and living on farms owned them free
of incumbrsnce. 1t would not be DO.
lite to say this was false, but it is GER
tainly an evolution from his inner
consciousness unwarranted by the COR
relative facts.
In 1916 England adopted the gold
standard. BY 1895 two-thirds of the
farmers had lost their homes. The fol-
lowing extracts show what the condi-
tion Is at present, Writing Of q parish
by the OuSe In HuntingdOnshire, Mr..
Pringle, In his report to Che
Royal Commission on Agricul-
ture, says: "The whole place
has changed since 1879. All che old
tenants have gone. Twelve Of the
principal farmers have been partly or
entirely ruined since 1875. The acre
age farmed by them would represent
quite thTee.fOurths Of the parish. A
Is now carver In g London restau-
rant. B iS q candidate for the charity
OF the Benevolent Society. Q died OF
broken heart, ruined. ID died Of
broken heart, ruined. X now dying,
ruined. f and G both died In poverty.
II and l both bankrupt, dead. X and
L died In poverty. M made q lot OK
money in trade, took q farm, was
ruined, and hanged himself. ALI save
two were absolutely killed by sgricul-
tural depression"
History repeats itself. Our time Is
rapidly coming. If In 1856 great p0-
litlcal party had said In It's platform,
| llNHn nlndna nnrnnluaa kn an nhminiakAp
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-10-21
THE IDEAL SCHOOL HISTORY.

A remarkable thing about the discus
on OF the history question is that
Tough harness book has been used in
ir schools for generation almost. pub
sentiment has just found unanimous
terance against 1t. The truth of the
after is that by many the book has
en- regarded as Objectionable from the
ginning, yet II was found to be better
an most of its competitors. Moreover
until late years were there good
uthern histories ready to take IT'S place
gain. most Of the teachers of TODAY
We been brought up on Barnes's his
". and. as a rule. they have not en-
iraged a change.
low, therefore. Is the present unani-
us demand to be accounted foro
ny, II is the work Of the Confederate
nps. The camps heard the murmurs
discomfort and proceeded to inyesti-
them. The result was they found
not only were the complaints WELL |
unded, but thatthe half had not been
J. Then they raised the standard Of
oft, and so a stage has been reached
ere II is foreordsined that after the
iration Of the present contract
ness history will figure no more in
ginia schools. Indeed. II Is used IN
few OF our schools at this time, but
this school year II will be used in
Q doubt II the American Book Com
VIII think II worth while to offer
ness history for readoption next
IL would better not-that Is. NOT
IS II courts rejection for 1t. 1t NAV
hat the rejection of the book by us
DO the company some good up North.
re the Grand Army or the Republic
aking hostile demonstrations against
and other histories However that
be. Virginia is done With Barnes's {
ny and with all other histories thar
us as rebels" and TRAITORS" ana o
peryert facts TO make every battle y
ar Union victory. /,
chief thing that interests us now =
g adoption by the State Board Of
bic southern histories. Here. there a
doubtless be much rivalry. but we
'hst u VIII be the judgment OF the
= camp and Of the State Board OF Il
auon that all OF the best gouthern =,
RES shall be admitted 10 the "cliel- ~
',st. II this be done. II will not be v
Ds'ore our teachers and scholars
''stmine In their own minds which -.
"s'sAt book to be taught in o,,y ~
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-10-21

20 pass upon wills, &c. being paid zee
| rom tuofe for whom he renders suci
ssfVces, which fees shall be approved D,
the district judges before they are col
iectaple. Let there be elected by the peo
pie or appointed by the Legislature. q
aistrict attorney In the place OF six Com.
monwealtb attorneys. whereby we will
secure better and petter-paid lawyer
ana save at the same time a great deal
OF money. say some $27 900 the same as
such a system would save by the substi-
tulion OF one district Judge for six county
For our cities an equally expense-saving
pan can be adopted, into the details or
Whicn 4 have scarcely enough data to be
precise, and therefore would leave IT
10 the citizens OF our cities, who are much
more FAMILIAR with the details OF the
present system of government or our
cities and can recommend such changes
as would be equally efficient and much
more economical than at present to the
approaching meeting OF our State Legisla-
ture.
The above recommendations may be
obnoxious TO the officers, who would
thereDy be dropped and made to earn
thelr living from some other source than
the public crib. but intelligence and firm
ness on inc part OF our voters would soon
settle with and overcome such opposition
on the part Of few men. however infiu-
entail they may be. Such in brief Is the |
plan-l would like 10 see adopted. or some |
thing very similar to it,
Respectfully.
TY
Mecklenburg. October 18th.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-10-21
THURSDAY. OCTOBER 81, 1897.
A WARNING.

a dangerous over-confdence has seized
upon our party in Virginia and lulled II
into inactivity.
This must be overcome between now
and the day of election, or we NAV have
cause TO rue it.
The Republicans are far better orga-
nized and are much more Jealous than
most Of us suppose. Their votes will be
thrown to their nominees where they have
nominees, and in other cases to 'Inde-
pendents." Wherever there is the slight
est prospect of success they will do their
utmost to defeat our legislative candi-
dates and to roll up big vote for Nc
|Caull
Again we warn our county and CITY
Democratic committees and our voters
generally TO bewarel Unless we become
more vigllant ami Industrious than we
hre. we shall probably find the election of |
November I'd accompanied with disagree |
bible surprises.
We must wake up and summon our
best energies and bring out our full vote
|ll along the line. Let us make a hot
light in every senatorial and House dis
rict, and do our duty also towards our
|allant nominees upon the State ticket
Tyler. Echols. and Montague.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-10-21
FINANCIAL SUGGESTIONS

"A citizen Of Mecklenburg" writes II.
a letter on the subject Of the States
finances, which we publish in another
| column of this issue. He thinks II
| would be easy enough to retrench ex-
penses so as to enable Virginia to meet
all Of her obligations. And he PROPOSES
that the County Court system be abol-
ished; that the Office of Treasurer he
consolidated with that of Sheriff: that
the Commissioner of Accounts be made
10 serve as probate judge, and that.
instead OF having Commemorative At
torney for each county. we shall have
only one for six counties. etc.
Our friends plan might work very,
wen, indeed, but we find no evidence
that it is supported by public opinion.
without which no such movement can
succeed. Has Mecklenburg declared for
such plan? We think not: then. 10
test the practicability of his scheme.
let our friend try to get it endorsed by
his countymen.
or course, we understand that his plan
requires that the State Constitution
shall be amended in several particulars.
but If the people OF Mecklenburg and |
other counties say so, the Legislature |
VIII promptly prepare such amendments |
for adoption.
1t is fact that our State cannot hope
o meet her accruing obligations without
IN increase of taxation. unless MANY
'fiices are abolished and the pay OF
'thers is cut down; but how this is 10
'e done Is not clear. Perhaps the Legis-
ature will be able to discover a way.
md in the hope of aiding the Legisla-
ure in duty that we know will be
Uncut and irksome. we are printing
'tters from the people. suggesting how
he work may be best done.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-10-21
MILAN'S RETURN TO SERvI.

Inc coincidence of the resignation al
the Seryian Cabinet and the reannea,,.
ance in Belgrade of ex-King Milan is
Nkeiy TO attract more attention to Servia
thah she has been receiving since Alex
ander forced the regents to resign and
look the government into his own hands
milan has not been in Servia before
since 1889. when he abdicated after
granting the people an ra-democratic
constitution, and reduced his own powers
10 those of president of a republic.
one story is that the ex-King has
simply returned in order TO take pos-
session Of fortune he recently Inherited
and that his visit has no political sieni-
hcance. Another is that he is tired of
pressure and purposes to re-enter politics.
When we consider Milan's career, the
former story appears the more plausible.
lie is the most profiigate specimen OF
royalty and the greatest spendthrift in
all Europe. He has gone the whole pace
IN debauchery, has borrowed money
from every one who would lend 1t to |
MIN, and 1t is alleged that while he |
was King he even sold decorations in |
order to replenish his purse. His treat
ment of his wife, Queen Natalie. was
one OF the greatest court scandals of
the age, and in Paris he was expelled
from club for cheating at cards. Some
years ago, when his money ran out. he
threatened to return to Servia, and so
great was public indignation that Alex
lnder had to raise a fund TO buv bis
absence.
Milan has been in hard financial luck
ately, and, therefore, nothing is more
natural than the fortune story. SulI
is he is utterly depraved. as he is known
o be purchasable. and as Russia is
lways on the market to make pur-
bases Of influential conspirators and
Of strife in the Balkans. the
uggestion that he may take a hand in !.
olltlcs may be worth considering espe-
Ially by Austria Hungary, the Power .
lost interested in the preservation of
he status quo in Servia. Milan's stav
Servia is. therefore, likely to be
,Sehed vigorously from Vienna and p
udapest, and Alexanders countenance -
his fathers return and his acceptance "
the resignation of the Cabinet will ~
oDabiy also cause a keener eye to be
pit on that young ruler than for some ~
ne past. III
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-10-21
The GOId-Seekers.
Harper's Weekly.)


Gold, gold. gold.
What care we for hunger and cold?
| what care we for the moil and strife.
Or the thousands of foes TO health anC
When there's gold for the mighty anr
ana gold for whoever shall dare to seek;
| Untold
Is the gold;
And IT Hes In the reach of the man that's
bold; ''''''
In the hands Of the man who dares to faro
Inc death in the blast that blows apace:
Ihat withers the leaves on the forest
tree:
That That letters with ice all the northern sea :;
i""' GniIis al the green on the fair
And as certainly kills as the unstayed
pest. ~
1t lies in the hands of the man who'd sell
MS holu on MS life for an ice-bound hell
nv, w nat care We for the fevered brain
Ihats filled with rawlings and thoughts
insane,
So long as we hold
In our hands the gold?-
me ne sNstenins, gllttering CHASTITY gold
mat comes at the end of the hunger and
T Th comes at the end of the awful thirst.
ihat comes through the pain and torture
OF limbs that are racked and mind. o,or
Inc gold lies there and is all our own.
BE we mighty or meek.
- III we do but seek
OF the munger is sweet and the cold is |
10 the man whose riches are past COM |
pare;
Ana the o'erthrown mind is as good as
And joy to the limbs is the rackinp main
II the gold is there '
ana they say, If you fail I'm vorr dyfx |
day i "''ns
All the tears, all the troubles. are wiped
away "'PSu
'y the fever-thought of your shattered
mind
kind lust sio"h
ing gold, ''0 ei'Hh-
WITH nuggets of weight and Of worth
And your vacant eyes
Gloat Der the riches of Paradlser
J. kENDRICK BANGS.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-10-21

schools BY such process. and we
think only by such a process, will "the"
southern history be evolved.
| We say southern history" because, to
be candid. we do not expect 10 see any
bipartisan history written. The time
| may come when such history will be
written. but we fancy that 1t is far, far
| of. We may be pardoned for entertain
| ing pcssimistic views upon this subject.
inasmuch as no non-partisan history OF
the war OF the Revolution has yet been
given to the world. though that was
ended far more than a century ago.
IT Will only be after exhaustive%trials
and careful revisions that we shall be
able to get an ideal southern history:
but In the end. II southern opinion in
clines strongly towards any one book.
the publisher Of II can well afford TO run
1t through edition after edition, improving |
1t every time.
The more patronage the book has, the |
better able and the more willing will |
the publishers be to revise and improve 1t.
II the patronage Of the entire South
could be concentrated upon one history.
or series Of histories. II would be vastly
TO the advantage of our cause The pat
ronage OF one or two States would not
Justify the publishers doing for us MS
much as they could afford to do for all
he Southern States. SO II will be very
ortunate II the book that is to rule the
market In Virginia should find like favor
our sister States of the South.
The Confederate camps Of Virginia have h
rought this matter 20 a head. and VIC {
eiieve that their recommendations Will h
influential in the highest degree with "
ne state Board Of Education. The board c.
III probably be glad enough to be adj r,
sea by the Grand Camp. And we can t,
OF see where it would find a better bi
)unsellor
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-10-21
CARNEGIE's NEW MILL.
1t May De Big Factor In Girder
Rail business

Rail Business.
| PITTSBURG, PA. October 20.-1'he Car.
nesie Steel Company is finishing its big
new girder rail mill at Homestead. and
VIII put the addition in operation next
month. Several hundred men will find
work.
The mill will produce grder rails for
street railways. and it's starting means
that Carnegie Will be an active competi-
tor Tor this class OF business in the fu-
ture. The company will use open-hearth
steel in making girder rails. This will
De an innovation. Heretofore Bessemer
steel has been used exclusively with
It's tremendous resources, the Carnegie
company Will be felt in the girder-rail
market, which has been growing steadily.
Keeping pace with the extension of rapid
transit
II Is a fact not generally known that
on many trolley lines in the United
states rails weighing 100 pounds to the
yard are in use. This is a heavier rail
than the standard railroad rail- IL is
reported that the Carnegie Company has |
booked an order for 10000 tons of the |
latter kind for delivery next spring at
Sl9 ton. This indicates that rails will
be Kept at a stiff figure next year with |
an open market
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-10-21
DEMOCRATIC MEETINGS.
appointments for Public Speaking
for Several Weeks Aheud.

Headquarte
Democratic State Committee,
Room &c. Chamber Commerce Building.
Speakers and times ard places Of speal
ing are announced as follows:
]. HoGE TYLER.
Accomac Court, October 18th.
nashville, October 18th might.
Mathews. October 18th
Mlddlesex Court, October 9th.
Sioucester, October 18th.
NorIolk city. October 10Th
Isle OF Wight. October goth.
HockDrldge Court. November LIST.
A. ]. MONTAGUE.
Bedford Court. October 22d.
blackstone. October 23d
augusta Court October 18th
Basic City, October 18th might.
IMahchester, October 18th might.
FRANKLIN Court November LIST.
THOMAS S. MARTIN.
orange Court, October 25th
Sufry Court. October 26th.
charlotte Court, November LIST.
JOHN w. DANIEL.
Gate City, October Dist.
Roanoke city, October 23d.
Halifax Court. October 18th.
Ghariotte county (speciaD. October -o.h
t'armville. October 9th.
Amelia Court, October 2Sth
Der 18th. ''"i Oe'ue'' oc'o-
Manchester October 2sth might.
Scottsville. October Goth.
Greenesville Court, November 1st.
JOHN LAMB.
Charles City Court, October Dist.
SKinquarter. October 22d g o'clock.
II. d. FLOOD.
Cartersville. October I'D.
Nelson Court, October 18th.
cumberland Court. October 18th.
Blue Ridge Springs. October Goth (nighO.
JAMES HAY.
Page Court, October 18th.
shenandoah. October 18th might.
AlDemarle Court. November 1st.
PETER ]. OTEY.
Mt. Carmel. October 23d g o'clock.
south Boston, October sd might.
GEORGE w. MORRIS.
Stanardsville, October 9th q o'clock.
Ruckersville, October 9th (nighO.
S. b. SETTLE.
F1etchers, October 18th might.
Quinge, Greene county, October 18th |
night.
Lydie, Greene county October soth
night.
w. A. JONES.
Mathews. October 26th.
gloucester, October 18th.
S. II. LETCHER.
Highland Court, October 18th.
W. f. BIB.
Prince William Court. November LIST.
]. N. STUBS.
Eastville, October 18th might.
Accomac Court, October 18th.
Mathews October 18th.
Middlesex Court, October 9th.
Gloucester. October 2Sth
Norfolk city, October 18th.
w, F. RHEA.
Newport, Giles county, October I'D.
buchanan Court, October 26th.
GEORGE j. HUNDLEY. '
orange Court, October 18th.
JOSEPH E. WILLARD.
orange Court october 18th.
S. E. JONES. A
ithia, October 18th (nigho. r,
GUSTAVUS ALMOND. I
,ochelle October 18th might). Il
letchers, October 18th (nighO.
Volftown, October 9th might. 4
Unique. October 29th mighO I
.ydice. October Goth nighO
B. w. l. BLANTON. a
artersville October 23d. II
C. NJ. WALLACE, JR. II
'estmoreland Court October 18th. ~,
owhatan Court, November LIST. II
j. NJ. FRENCH.
export GILES county. October sd.
EDWARD LYLE. III II,
ncastle, October sd.
aig county (specials). October 18th. TT
and 9th. n
a. p. STAPLES.
'ntgomery Court. October 26th. or
I, TAYLOR ELLYSON. Chairman. y
seph Button. Secretary.