davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1897-11-24
Fatal Cavein at Racine.

RACINE, Wis, Nov. 24.-A fatal
cavein occurred on Main street during
the day, one man being killed and two
seriously injured. The men were work.
ing in q sewer when the cavein 90.
Cured.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
JAPANESE PASSPORTS.

Large Proportion of Japanese Come
to Hawaii.
The Japanese Foreign Office pub
fishes the following interesting fig
ures: Number of passports granted in
1894, 1925; 1895, %, All; 1896, 27,5S5.
Further analysis shows that among
those going abroad in 1896, 81 went
on public business, 211 went to Europe
and America, % to Korea, 26 to China,
II to England and "a to various other
countries, for purposes of study, at
public or private charge. Korea at
tracted the largest number of business
men, namely 1,414; China came next,
with 434 then followed the United
States with $50, Russia with 327, Ha-
waii with 225 and other countries with
smaller figures, the grand total of mer
camille men being 3,124. In connection
with agriculture and fishing 1928 went
to Russia, S28 to Korea and others
elsewhere, making a total of 3, ,295. La
borers aggregated 1853, of whom g.
206 went to Hawaii 4,121 to Russia,
,066 to the United States, $50 to Korea,
S65 to Canada, IT'S to Australia and 211
to China
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
PROPOSED SUGAR TAX.
secretary Cages Suggestion for Rails
Ing More Revenue

secretary Cages Suggestion for Rais-
fng More Revenue.
In view of the tariff discussion over
the sugar schedule, the Washington
Star says that Secretary Gage has sug-
gested that provision like the follow
ing might be incorporated in the new
tariff bill, viz:
Section -. That a tax of 1 cent
per pound shall be levied and collected
upon any refined sugar which. after the
passage of this act, shall be produced
from sugars, tank bottoms, syrups OF
cane juice or of beet juice, melada,
concentrated melada or concrete or
concentrated molasses, imported into
the United States prior to the passage
of this act. The Secretary of the Treas
ury is authorized and directed to make
suitable regulations for the enforce
ment of the provisions of this section"
An advocate of this proposition ex-
plains its purpose as follows:
Under the present law the duty on
raw sugar is 40 per centum ad valorem
The usual standard of comparison for
raw sugars is that which tests de-
grees. and the average value of de-
grees sugar importations, during a pc
riod of four months in the early part
per pound. At 40 per centum the av-
erage duty per pound on such sugar
was, therefore, trifle over S5-100 of
cent per pound. This rate of duty per
pound on the raw sugar, plus the 1
cent internal revenue tax on the re-
fined, contemplated by the foregoing
proposition, would make the tax upon
the sugar refined after the taking eff
feet of the new tariff act, from the
raw sugar imported prior thereto. 1.85
cents per pound, or possibly slightly
above this figure on account of wastage
in refining. The rate proposed by the
Senate schedule on refined sugar is 1.95
cents per pound, which, it will be seen,
is in excess of the rate already paid or
assessable on the raw sugars imported
under the present law, plus the pro-
posed tax of 1 cent per pound on the
refined
The stock of raw sugars in the
hands of refiners usually does not ex-
ceed 100000 tons. The possession of
1000 to 100000 tons of raw sugar,
on which an average duty of not more
than 85 cents per 100 pounds has been
assessed, gives the refiners a promise
OF profit of over / cent per pound
when the sugar is refined and put upon
the market which means profit OF
$14,000,000 to $4,000, 900 or more on
account of the tariff legislation. 1t
seems a simple business proposition,
in view of the possible deficiency in
the revenue, to make this enormous
quantity of raw sugar pay it's fair
share Of taxation, and it is estimated
that the proposed amendment, if adopt
ed will yield, within the next six or
eight months, $14,000,000 to $4,000
900 of revenue"
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
Foot binding Dying Out,

The North China Daily News says:
According to a leading article in the
Sinwenpao exhorting it's readers to ta-
boo bound feet in women, and strong
ly advocating natural feet for the next
generation of womtn in China, it ap-
pears that a large number of infiuen-
tial members of the literati and gentry
in Kwangtung province have also
written against foot-binding, and sew
eral anti-binding societies have in con-
sequence already been established in
that province. Hence mothers need
not fear now that their daughters can
not marry well with natural feet, as
the members of these societies have
agreed to let their children intermarry.
AS all the members, so far, are either
men of high literary standing or
the natural-feet girls will be
able to marry into the best of pro-
vincial families" In the prefecture Of
Kwangtung, the people Of
over so villages never bind their
daughters feet. This antipathy to
found it's origin in the
rebellion. When the rebels
got to Shaoch'ing they killed all the
women with bound feet, while those
with natural feet all escaped.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
Japan,S Internal Loan.

The Mail says that the Nichi Nichi
gives credence to a rumor that the
will shortly raise an in
ternal loan by issuing industrial bonds
to the people. The condition of the
home money-market does not seem to
be favorable for such a project, con-
soils and war bonds having fallen to
$3.50 yen and $3.50, respectively, while
there is no question Of the stringency
in commercial circles. It must also be
borne in mind that many of the pro-
jects contemplated by the Government
for the last fiscal year have not been
completed, and some 25.000,000 or 26,-
600, 900 yen voted by the Diet for these
purposes has to be carried forward into
the accounts of the current year.
These sums are, therefore, available,
if the Government is actually pressed
for money.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
Government Did Not Re.
ceive Protest in Time.
Japanese Emigrating to Brazil.
FOOt-binding in DisfaVor
in North China.

The Japanese papers in the vernac-
ular are recently not so hostile in their
attitude toward Hawaii as they were.
over the increase of the duty on sake
The Mainichi Shimbun publishes the
following: The imposition of the in
creased duty in question was duly dis
cussed by the Hawaiian Legislature
some time ago, and the proposal hav-
ing been approved, was embodied in a
law and promulgated. Not until after
the promulgation of the law was any
objection raised by the Japanese Gov
ernment, and it could scarcely have
been expected that the law would be at
once suspended or modified in consid-
Grafton Of that objection. Had a pro-
test been lodged before the project of
the law was submitted to Parliament,
the situation would be different But
that precaution not having been taken,
nothing remains now except to pay the
tax.
The Hawaiian Government has been
approached on the subject, and may
possibly agree to reduce the tax to the
old figure-15 cents a barrel-in which
event the surplus will be returned to
importers. But in the meanwhile there
is no just cause of complaint, nor can
Hawaii be said to have disregarded
Japan's protest, inasmuch as the law
in question was promulgated before
any protest had been made.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
o. s. S. Belgic Departs.

The o. & Q. s. S. Belgic, Rinder
commander, sailed for San Francisco
at about 4:45 p. m. yesterday. She
was to have sailed at p. M, but was
delayed until half hour later. Mr..
Samuel Parker was told that he would
be in time for the steamer If he got
down at 4:30 o'clock. He remained
away until Is minutes later, and the
steamer was kept waiting for him.
The band was on the wharf to play
it's usual farewell concert. AS the
steamer hauled away from the Pacific
Mail wharf, two young ladies, prettily
dressed in white, waved American and
Hawaiian flags to their friends ashore.
A dozen or more young men went out
and returned on the pilot boat.
Among the departing passengers
were:
A. T. Hartwell and bride, who go on
honeymoon trip abroad.
The Misses Parker and Samuel Park
er, Jr., who go on a six-weeks visit to
the States.
Miss Beesly, of Texas, who came
through from japan short time ago
with Miss Helen Wilder and Miss
Johnson.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
TROUBLE IN KOBE.
Coolies Attack Bluejackets From
the u. :. s. Boston.

Reports came by the Belgic yester-
day that on the night of the 18th inst.
serious trouble occurred between the
baseball team of the y. S. S. Boston
and a mob of coolies in Kobe.
In the afternoon there was a base
ball game, after which some of the
Boston's men and the Japs got into
discussion over the Hawaiian annex
alton question. The coolies contend
ed that the United States had no right
to annex the Islands in the face of the
claim for indemnity made by Japan,
while the Americans contended that
the men at the head Of affairs in the
United States knew what they were
doing. Some very hot language re-
suited, and the coolies, in body, made
break for the Boston's men, who raj
lied and stood by to defend themselves.
They gradually worked over to a stone
pile, near a church, and when once
there they had things pretty much
their own way. Rocks flew back and
forth with rapidity, and several or the
coolies were badly injured. 1t Is said
that one was killed.
An entertainment took place in the
evening, and the men from the Boston
came ashore in body. They were not
mOlested further.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
KOrea'S Foreign "rade.

The Jiji Shimpo publishes a tele-
gram from Soul, dated the 5th inst,
ment, independently of it's treaty with
Japan, intends to open Mokupho and
Chinnampho to foreign trade from the
1st of October next An intimation in
that sense has been conveyed to the
foreign representatives. The opening
will be effected by royal ordinance,
and the rules relating to the settle
ments will be compiled after consul
tation with the various legations.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
SPECIAL BUSINESS ITEMS.
IF YOU BUY A SINGER,

You will receive careful instruction
from a competent teacher at your
home.
You can obtain necessary accessories
direct from the company's Offices.
You will get prompt attention In any
part Of the world, as our offices are ev-
eIywhere and we give careful attention
TO all customers, no matter where the
machine may have been purchased.
You will be dealing with the leading
company in the sewing machine busf-
ness, having an unequalled experience
and an unrivalled reputation-the
strongest guarantee of excellence.
Sold on easy payments. Repairing
done. B. BERGERSEN, Agent
161A Bethel Street, Honolulu
The City Carriage Company possess
only f1rst-class hacks and employ only
careful, steady drivers.
Carriages at all hours
Telephone lib.
JOHN S. ANDRADE.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
No Further Restrictions.

YOKOHAMA, July 16.-The Yorod-
zu Choho reports that the Foreign De-
partment received a telegram on the
5th inst, from Mr. Shimamura, Japan
ese Minister in Hawaii, to the effect
that no hindrance will be exercised
hereafter in the landing of Japanese
contract immigrants in Hawaii. The
department has wired to all the local
Governors to that effect.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28

kyo for the purpose of petitioning the
Government; first, TO make the former
King their chief; secondly, to remove
all officials belonging to other parts
of Japan, and thirdly, to put an end to
all interference on the part of the To-
kyo Government. In short, they want
to have Riukiu made independent.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
Prison Reforms In Japan.

YOKOHAMA, July ia conference
of chief jailers was held at the Home
Department on the morning of the Sd
inst, when the Home Minister deliv-
cred a speech as to the necessity of
reformation in the gaol system when
the new treaties come into operation.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
Feudal system in Japan.

YOKOHAMA, July 17.-Japan may
have a small edition of Ireland on her
hands before long. In the Riukiu ISL
ands there is a party calling itself the
Fukuhan-to, or advocates of the res
toration of the feudal system. They
are about to send a committee to To-
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
Russfa's Opinion of Hawaii.

LONDON, June 26.-The Berlin cor
respondent of the Standard says: Rus
sia will not join in Japans protest
the United States, but she regards the
move as dangerous precedent.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
Yokohama strikers win.

YOKOHAMA, July 16.-About 400
coolies, employed by the Yokohama
Cargo Boat Corporation, who went on
strike the other day, have gained their
point and have had their wages raised
20 per cent. They resumed work on
the 5th inst.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
PRICE FIVE CENTS.

planters, which are also those of the
people, must be protected, and ii may
be that after Hawaii becomes a part
OF the United States there may be
some arrangement made by which they
could still get portion of their labor
from China
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
Famine in China.

The Jill Shimpo publishes a state
nent that famine is now prevailing in
he Shisheusho district of China and
hat hundreds of people are dying
Iailv
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1897-07-28
SAILORS HOME.

Fine. cool, airy, comfortable rooms;
bath, reading and billiard rooms and
electric lights in connection with the
house. Rent, 81 week and up; IS
month an up. 46oO-lm
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27
fhotosraphInE the Sen nottou.

NJ Hontau. the discoyerer Of method
AZ photoEraphing the sea bottom. has
succeeded in taking several photo
graphs of the vegetation that grows on
the rocks by means OF watertight
camera ann fiash-light. Dressed as D
diver. he takes with him to the bottom
Of the sea a barrel containing oxygen.
pun OF gas from the barrel carries
magnesium powder into the fame OF
a spirit lamp. standing under bell jar
ON the upper end of the barrel. An
pther pun actuates the pneumatic shut
Ter OF the camera at the same time. He
has found this method very useful in
exploring coral reefs.
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27
.,oo Rsw.rt .ioa

-, u Ihfs pEpr. rtff be pieasrt
~ fssre u az least one drsltezi
80 S5saee hss gFss anss q rare
5ssr~S tzars - the auty pptitiFs
t-gs,a % The uesiieai srAteratty,
~ - rssssisssteazt ais<aee ~
5-iTsarstisaal trratsreas uAlFs
~. rssg = t1ken iHisraSily, acting
u "a - atscd apd mnrtas ssrfsrTrs
- tber-ty rgle=rsF.n< The fsazs
- E.esss. aud SiYfag tke pzttrut
- X bluhfng ap tsss runstifnsira
E.r.-i5r 1asara 10 daAag IT. wprk- Tse
- ave - mncS faith N rs rura-
s..l-s tA1l they eifrr nus Hsndrsd
Is - az - taAt islis e sNFN
~ rHENEY a Co. Taleda. ..
u - lr-rEisTN sa-s
- Fsas,y f1ils are ;ss b<-t
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

nj alga x FFnrrallf rzlH In Washiaz,
! - ttaFeflii,sa hay ~ 4siissauss hinr
a. Z tar sFpvs aisayH hsate thsir
,-slis 20 Azus."
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

- sa1gIe saEt sssaF fseF-iss % bor-
: y "Areat {a-s ssaga.sis,i via
.-zir u.ssi lAsar tsserAaas hstf COS
-
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

nsl4s--ssv dstNs sarrrca tnaiuilT
- o. Hssf = insfruras7nis l---.sWe-iY
lai a8szfsshzr. us are iasarsd ia tie
Irs nEIztl 1a1spany
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

h-s s5s5ssr fss4 asf esfrI |sE.saflr rsrsas ~ .
4. ..lsI4s - - ~. tStfa~ss f5f~xf Nerve
..,--f - y traai aa11tts so trsafas
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

~ = TarfT IKE The uhis rfs@rF'
~ lsqa Whg 4 hrE' -nsssnsa hF's
- slgaag IN Ga ths rrannd e7oz
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

- ~ hsrg risiie 4 isarxai7 - awhst
-fif avs = utu takc tEs fe1 rsr-
4 "a = sassgrspAed - VII take ths
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

A store in Georgia village has
sign reading: AK handles, ink. pens
and cheese
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

|s-- -cDLp rrssstsri CURES \ coLD
Z. 80 ir l8s day. AT Drus<ists rssgal
-sssF n fg fsEiE % rzfs. - rfN 81 kk
n FiR CAT ARRI AID HAY FEVER
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27
,o-ro-BAc FoR FtFrV CENTS.

- - 90 cared way uns iF1 ~ n. nae
.uas y fazgge yozr a--lrS fur toh1cs-V
r n1EfF aakea esaith and laaEhqosi.
= fsi-ssirssL - aas tipa al drugxista.
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

'e1ass esrryd..fF uke- - fsad about
y ~ ar b.x<er fssis saaa aiH-
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

lBs - 10 b.ss q CssCsrets. esssy ca.
- - ssssI iisss aaa ts~ri rrsslaiss
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

ssalassssssa- se-sa1FY-i sia.lnenrp and 80.
q 'sEzs astb s=s=A.l.s Ia his zsgih.
; ~ Efai w. sarsr--t usssa.ilss aIsy
iss -sss IN lasir F,ssArrs.~
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

Z. ry, - sufaly ~ dstt.~ wAyT-
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

@itfLEta eirlrnta No tf7rEs no coufeSa
\ : T-e'zcf, 90 certainty that any efeeEe ulay
. y ssiag destruction
= vita the sick rzan. HIS disordefed
1f-stiIu't1n renders every nAiuFRl operation
s1sI'aiH, No organ can Be depended on
q its norrnal WoFk. The stomach WI
z eigsst food, the i{vrr sill not Sitter bil-
= Patsoas from the blood; the kidneys
Z sktn will not excrete the waste NO
egslaf roHrishing OF purifying process .
tlz On, There u no eeftainty except the
sTia;hiy Of suffering
= al dyspepsis. bilious. debilitztsd con
taaas, What is needed Is 10 change the ab-
sfzal, cratic operations Of the system
natural. regular. straightfofwsId pro
|ffs, n the right direction Nothing ~ inc
's,ld Siil do this % RAPIDLY and certainly
D.. Ferce's Golden Medical Discovery
directly regulates the vtiaii1iug fnne-
-ns i sets the stomach and liver Into
ss,h, healthy operation and gives me
s''e making glands power 20 manufActuie
sozndarce OF pure, rich blood
creates appetite. builds up museulai
NezZth, and bansshes nervousness an1
sEialEia. As 1t can be assirlilated by tne
saEest stomach. It's uorrishing properiiess,
9 t1T superior to nznseafiug cod liver OF
seTeys coughs and all wasting diseases,
me druggist who recommends sofnethink
y a. Just as good - is thinking more oi
eItra profit on the Just as good fino
"a o. your welfare
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

3 .' s.,.; .ss., .;s. s,:s.p sss =, sias sS i5s s.
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

Mr. satss-sss-'s ~s-stHInk -yFar
$50 ssi.al1t sasts-s fsrss. rssiarss ializsl
- 500 1sal r1r=s -s..s rsb1. = - sossiss
The Lamar register., 1897-03-27

A sick man - itkf A
man wno goes up IN =
BALBOA. He is blown
hithef ard thithSf by
tbs winds of diteAsr
a Traveller BY rail ~
Steamer has a regular
track. lie Il rrAsoua-
hty certain Of reaching
a Eivru destination;
bat the bailo0nist i AZ
the mercy Of totally
People's voice. [volume] (Wellington, Sumner County, Kansas) 1890-1917, 1897-06-17
The VOICE is in receintn a e,

The Voice is in receipt of a copy Of
a bill introduced in congress by Rep
resentative Fowler Of New Jersey,
providing for the establishment Of a
tariff commission. The movement
is wise one. Mr.. Fowler in call
ing attention to his bill says:
Everyone now realizes that the
American people of all sections, o.
all parties, OF every calling, and O
all classes, are tired and hearth,
sick OF tariff tinkering and the con-
sequent disturbance, if not actua
destruction OF all lines Of business
What they need and most earnestl,
desire is an opportunity to engag,
in business with assurance that ther,
Will be no such radical changes a.
will destroy, or cripple any depart
ment oftrade or commerce. Any tar
IN measure that will produce suficien
revenue to support the government
under present conditions will, will
the natural increase of population
and the greater consumption Incl.
People's voice. [volume] (Wellington, Sumner County, Kansas) 1890-1917, 1897-06-17

At a NEE ting Of the mayor and
council on Monday evening the city
entered into an agreement with the
firm Of Long & Noble, attorneys, for
the compromising Of the bonded in
debtedness and accrued interest,"
Medicine Lodge Index.
What! Do you mean to tell US
that Chester l. Long is to make an
effort to scale down the indebtedness
OF his own city9 He who has pro-
tested against reputation so LONG
and inveighed against paying with a
1O-cent dollar1 Too true, dear
reader. Chester has fallen Ions
on bonds and short on money!
People's voice. [volume] (Wellington, Sumner County, Kansas) 1890-1917, 1897-06-17

The Wichita Eagle objects to the
employment of Prof. Frank Parsons
for lectures at the State Agricultural
college because he wrote q series Of
papers for the Arena presenting IT.
resistible arguments in favor Of gov
eminent telegraph. The Eagle
would rather the United States would
remain in company with Honduras,
Cyprus, Bolivia, Cuba and Hawaii
in the private ownership Of Its tele,
graph than for it to join all first class
nations in public ownership.
Strangel The Eagle would appar-
emily rather pay Jay GOuld's heirs
Is cents for private message than
10 cents for the same service
by the government. When we get
ready to take the telegraph We will
have a provision put in permitting
such people to do this if they choose.
People's voice. [volume] (Wellington, Sumner County, Kansas) 1890-1917, 1897-06-17

1t is stated that Grimes, the Re-
publican member Of the late inves.
tlgating committee, fully agreed with
the majority that Doodle was used in
the last legislature and objected only
to the wording Of the report. After
the committee adjourned he pulled
himself together and wrote a minor
lty report in which he stated that he
did not believe any doodle was used
that men perjured themselves in
order to get even with political riv.
ais, etc. Theirs is only one way to
explain the queer antics Of this gen.
tleman. As a politician he would
like to have seen the Populists cen.
sured with boodleism, but as a ser.
want of the corporations who were
dispensing Doodle he couldn't afford
to impGcate them. They at once
got after him after he left the cola,
mittee room and helped him change
his opinion.
People's voice. [volume] (Wellington, Sumner County, Kansas) 1890-1917, 1897-06-17
Lewelling waited until the supreme

Lewelling waited until the supreme
court took the committees power
away, then went before the commit.
tee and told his story declining to
give names or anything else essen
tial, He says he did have a CONVEX.
sation with Harry Landes about
coal lands and incidentally remarked
that there would perhaps be pro.
fit in the lands Of $4,000, but he
had no thought Of the profit going
into private hands. He acknow-
lodged also that he had a converse
ton with Senator Titus about the
text book law, but declared that Ii.
tus falsihed when he said that he
made any suggestion Of there being
something in it" for them. Level.
ling is the kind of bird whom it vii
do the Peoples party whole lot o
good if he will sing real low-irom Z
position in the rear ranks.
People's voice. [volume] (Wellington, Sumner County, Kansas) 1890-1917, 1897-06-17

We had brief conversation with
Jerry Simpson at the depot last Thurs.
day evening. He had been home for
two or three days and was on his way
back to Washington. Jerry was look.
ing we'll and was feeling splendidly.
He said there was not really much
use Of any congressman but Reed be.
ing present at Washington, but
thought he was performing a good
service for the people by exposing
his high-handed methods. He was
assured that his course was meeting
the warm appreciation of his constit.
uents and was pleased to hear it.
He reports Bro. Botkin and the
Kansas delegation getting along ad.
mirably. Since Reed was doing all
the work none of them had had an