The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-01-10
sorrs ON soIryon AxD IsDUsrnr ,.

r ON SCIENCE AND TNDUsTRT r.
Photo mierographio apparatus has recently teen
eoutrived which viii receive an objective of any
power, and produces images on q al by ~ plate.
The apparatus Is only about two feet in length and
Is mounted on a single base board. 80 that II may
be moved bodily II necessary. The camera box -
rigiiiy attached to the standard OF n microscope.
80 that the BOX eau be placed horizontally or in.
clined at any desired angle. adjustments being also
provided FOR any required distance between the ob.
iectlve and the sensitive plate. 40 that the desired
amplincation can be readily secured. The mechan.
cal stage Is operated ny the small chains which ex-
tend along the sides OF the apparatus. and the rota-
tion OF the objective. polariscopt. &C., aud the 70.
eusstng are effected oy rods extended toward the
rear OF the cam era box. According 10 the Invent
or. o. G. Mason. for many years secretary OF the
American MICROSCOPE al Society. the Instrument
has been used for MAKING negatives showing OBJ.
Iects with q maSp incation OF is 900 times. All the
parts are made adjustable ia the com pistest man.
ner for wear and different atmospheric changes
and for adaptation TO various classes Of WORK.
In the new process invented By ". Chardonnet for
producing 'slk'' from wool. the simple plan pur.
sued. as slven in the A American Silk Journal. IS to
wo-k the who'd Into paste. which Is dipped in nitric
AMI sulphuric acids. dried. and placed in q bath OF
ether and alcohol at 90. The result Is a kind OF
glue or c~oiiodion. which is subjected 10 high pres.
sure In strong metal cylinders and expressed
through pipes OF the size OF ordinary gas pipes.
These ltpes are laid horizontally; to them small
faucets are fssterei ~ eyuiar intervals over the
whole length. An operator opens a faucet. and an
extremely nne thread Is seen emerging from a
glass tube. 4: Is the ''coiiodlon'' driven by the
pressure. the small glass tube being TO the appar.
atus what It's mouth IL To the kworm The
threads thus formed are OF such nncness that as
maay As sir os them have to be twisted together
before wint,ny on the snooI. Thc suE thua rnade
IL afservard rendered incombustiblc. the skcins
beirg then thrown Into ammonia, IN order TO neu.
tralizs IA. %suiphurtc acid.
one OF the most remarkable OF war Inventions Il
attributed to the Ingenuity Of a Frenchuan, Paul
Ginsrd. ITS miracle gun" appears 10 be uptly
named. as It IL n repeating rife which employs no
gunpowdc-. L.quensd air. obtained under pressure
st a temperature hundreds OF degrees b low zero.
and thus representing an enormous expansive
power. Is the projecting force. This rife IL de.
scrlbei as being much lighter in weight than an
ordinary ride. The steel cartridge, nine inches
long. and as thick as ones thumb. contains 800
bullets, which may be discharged as quickly or as
slowly as desired. There Is no smoke and no fash.
only a sharp and low report. As soon as one car.
fridge IL empty. another can DO screwed on In
stantiy. 500 shots costing but two and o half cents.
Mention may be made here OF a recent important
modification OF tho present type OF she'll. now be-
ing eIperimen'ed with by the United States Ord.
nance Department, VIZ. a hollow steel projectii-,
vita thick wills. Heretofore It has been made
purposely thick that IL may not break in passing
through the side OF a ship: but this new she'll Is
comparatively thin. with q large cavity to con.
tain junction, and kept from breaking up by q
copper ring around the front end. tire proIec Tile be-
ing a foot in diameter and as tall as a man. with .
smashing energy reckouei AZ 81 900 foot tons.
yCNad d, 81. ~ox q. - .-f.. 49,
OF the right quality. nawiess, and well seasoned.
on this subject. a specialist writing In the certurv
points out some OF the essentials called for, In par.
ticular that the material be white, free from gum
ard soft, also: white for the contrasts that will be
wanted AM free from resin that Il may not turn
black with age. As IL Is the nbre OF the wood
which Is blackened or caroonixed. not the resin. it
is oovious-that the freer the wood is from gummy
substances the better. The most satisfactory Gre
etching has been done on panels OF French poplar,
watch 10 soft. white. close grained. and free from
gun. Then. too. the common wildwood, or yei.
low poplar of America yields readily 20 treat.
ment with the hot iron. and can be successfully
used In conjunction with harder, rarer woods. be-
coming rich and solid under the touch OF the burn.
ing tool. Beautiful results are obtained by thu.
combining the two opposite qualities and tones OF
different woods.
In . paper . resented lately by A. J. Micneiin to
lne rrrLCn -oclcty OF Nv Engineers, the author
gives a suggestive account of his experiments
with the pneumatic tire and the ordinary wheels.
The nrst experiment was made on three days.
that Is. when the ground was covered With two
inches OF snow. also when the snow was melting.
and then when the ground was muddy. The re
suits showed that when the empty carriage moved
at a walk through the snow. the draft or pull re.
quired 10 move It was 3j.9 pounds with iron
wheels and only asa pounds with pneumatic
wheels; while moving at \ rrot. with a load OF $50
pounds, the pull was us.s POUNDS and 1915 pounds
respectively; 10 the mud, under the same condi.
tons OF load and speed. the pulls were 1874 ana
5o.7 pounds for the iron wheel and 2s.i and Ell. 2
pounds for the pneumatic tire. other tests con.
sisted Of pulls OF varying speeds over macadam.
paved. ami ordinary roads. In all OF these the
rheumatic tire showing a saving IN pulling power
OF from thirty TO nearly nifty per cent. The main
feature OF interest in Nicholas experiments con.
sisted. OF course. In the fact that the actual amount
of power required 20 pull q carriage equipped with
nary wheels were used.
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