davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30
Old Maids or Olden Times.

What became of the unmarried gen.
tlewoman in the eighteenth century
There were many. Some had money
Of mistress. Some had none, and lived
for the most part with the eldest
brother. Even the thought Of work
ing for their livelihood was a degrade
ton unspeakable; in fact, they did
work, but 1t was the household work.
Such woman is described by Crosse,
writing in 170S. He says:
When l was young man there ex-
listed In the families Of most unmar-
ried men or widowers Of the rank Of
gentlemen, residents in the country, a
certain antiquated female, either
maiden or widow, commonly an aunt
or cousin. Her dress / have now before
me; it consisted of stiff-starched cap
and hood, little hoop, rich silk dam
ask gown, with large flowers. she
leant on an ivory-headed crutch-cane,
and was followed by fat, phthisicky
dog of the pug kind, who commonly
reposed on cushion and enjoyed the
privilege Of snarling at the servants,
occasionally biting their heels with i'm
punity. By the side Of this good old
lady jingled bunch Of keys, securing.
in different closets and corner cup.
boards, all sorts Of cordial waters,
cherry and raspberry brandy, washes
for the complexion, Daffy's Elixir, a
rich seed cake, a number of pots Of
currant jelly and raspberry jam. with
a range of gallipots and phials contain
ing salves, electuaries, Jalaps, and
purges for the use Of the poor neigh
bors. The daily business OF this good
lady was to scold the maids, collect
eggs, feed the turkeys, and assist at ali
the interesting events that happened
within the parish.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

other. WhateyeEsaser may be lying
down are jumped and the hunters take
n chance at gettingM snap shot as the
deer starts away. IL he runs down the
line he may get shot or II he goes
straight away he smaya eventually run
afoul of the other line III Hunters. Half
dozen men hunting IN two lines In
this way are likely to bag several deer
In mornings hunt. 4 20
Several years ago the market hunt
ers played havoc with the deer In the
northern woods. They made 1t busi-
ness to hunt In all manner OF ways and
were so successful that 1t became nec-
essary to make and enforce laws for
the animals protection. A favorite
method OF the market hunter was to
''shine" deer at night. The deer, NOV
ing about feeding. would be attracted
by huge lamp. His curiosity would
lead him to come near enough to the
light to be reached by the hunters gun.
fired from convenient ambush.
Hounds drove and harried the deer
so much that 1t was found necessary to
prohibit the chasing of deer with dogs.
Under the protection Of stringent laws
the woods have been made to abound
with deer.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

work charges $3.50 for his services,
and the customer saves $3.50, as the
printed cards were of no use to him.
The process by which this work Is ac-
complished is not patented, as the in
ventor is fearful that after the ingre-
dents become known. some one else
may change them enough to escape an
infringement, but at the same time OBJ
tain the same result. The solution Is
made at night. after the factory hands
have gone home, and is given them the
next day to use. The scheme has been
in operation for six months only, but
the inventor has letters from all parts
of the country from prominent bust
ness houses. that have taken advantage
of this offer to save 80 cents on the dol
lar, and he feels sure he has got a bust
ness that, after 1t has become known,
will prove a good paying investment
Boston Transcript.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30
How They Are Hunted,

Within a nights ride of Chicago deer
and bear may be found In good mum.
berS Yet little further iuto the will
deEness such an abundance OF deer
has not been seen for many years. In
the wilds OF Wisconsin and throughout
Northern Michigan deer are so plenti-
full that the ''still' hunters have had
No trouble In walking up game in
any likely piece of woods.
Wisconsin always has been a good
deer country. Food Is abundant, the
wods are large and there Is just such
variety OF country as the deer loves for
q habltation. He can wander over hills,
through thick swamps or open woods,
and all around is silence save what
noise Is made by the chlrping birds and
wild creatures like himself. He loves
20 feed little on the lowlands and
then browse on the high ground. 1t
takes him a long time to make meal,
and no matter how much of good food
there may be in any particular place he
viii not remain there to thoroughly sat
isfy his appetite. He must roam about
and eat over a great deal of territory.
When he has browsed and fed till he is
content he loves to pose behind clump
Of bushes and watch and listen. At
such times he stands with head up as
stanch as a setter on point, and If one
watches him closely not movement
or his muscles will be detected. He
sweeps the country before him with
his keen eyes, and his sharp ears will
be disturbed by the breaking of twig
anywhere within gunshot.
When the day is still the deer is con-
fident he can outwit the enemy who
tries to creep up on him with shotgun
or rife. But when the wind blows he
Years to trust himself in those places
where he may easily be approached by
man. SO he hides In the thickets and
remains very quiet until night. To kill
q deer on still day when he is not diff
hcult to find the hunter must match
The deer in cunning and must possess a
marked degree of patience. The deer,
conscious of his own craftiness, wan
aerB slowly through the woods, but he
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

man himself. His first work with the
Pullman people was the devising Of a
coil spring to lift and hold in place the
berths in sleeper. This was about
the time that the construction Of the
dining car was worrying the railroad
people.
One day Massey and Longstreet went
to the yards, and Massey sketched a
car in the outlines. or skeleton. Then
he went to work on the model. 1t took
him the whole summer, and while the
work was in progress hundreds Of visi-
tors were attracted where the tiny car
was being constructed. A rule Of the
patent Office still in force prohibits tho
Offering Of n model more than twelve
inches in length, but in this instance
special permission was obtained from
the commissioner to make a model
twenty inches long, yet, with this addi-
tional advantage, the car was very
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30
Photographic a Stomach.

An electric lamp and camera have
been invented for photographing the
interior of the stomach. The invention
is intended to assist in diagnosing OBJ
scure ailments, such as cancer of the
stomach, and render laparotomy I'M
necessary. A perfect picture of the
pyloric mucous membrane is said to
have been obtained.
The camera Is actually introduced
into the stomach and exposed for from
five to eight seconds, the light for pho
tographing being supplied by a small
incandescent lamp attached to it. No
narcotics are required, as there is no
pain connected with the operation. In
early cases anesthesia was tried, but
the movement of the stomach which
occurs in deep anesthesia blurred the
picture.
When the camera Is introduced the
patient holds his breath, which he can
easily do for the short time of the ex-
posture. BY this means the movement
of the membrane is prevented. The
electric light, which Is detachable, may
first be introduced in order that an out
line Of the stomach he made externally
on the abdomen, and at the same time
the required length Of tubing from the
teeth of the focal point can be deter
mined. There is good deal of uncer.
tainty connected with this method of
exploring the inner organs of the alb
dominal section, but IL 1t can be made
anything like practicable it will, OBJ
viously, be Of untold value to the path
OlOpiSt
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

A Member Of the Pariahs Has No
Chance for Rising.

A Member Of the Pariahs Has No
Chance for Rising.
"In India all save the lowest caste,
what we call pariahs, can rise In the
world, as we Western folk count rising
They can become as rich as they like;
they can enter Government service, be-
come merchants. lawyers, anything
they please. But caste Is religions
and social distinction, which Is self
supporting, self-contained. A Brahman
Is always Brahman, even II he be a
servant. i remember one case where
the rajah of Hill state always sa-
laamed to the servant of a friend OF
mine. The servant was of n higher po-
sition than the ruler Of the land In
which he served"
"Then a member of the lowest caste,
or pariah, has no chance of rising?"
''None as a Hindoo. If he becomes a
hammedan-which only requires a
repetition Of their creed before wit
nesses-he takes his position among his
new coreligionists. OF course, to Hin
docs he remains tabu, as all MOhamme-
dams are, even Of the highest rank. The
oretically, he would be. But not In mar
riage. He would find great difficulty
in getting wife Of good class, no mat
ter how rich he might be; for money
and position count for little in India
The poorest and lowliest intermarry
with the RICHEST, IL they are Of good
caste. OF course, caste Is essentially
Hindoo, but in the Punjah, which is
largely Mohammedan, the exclusive
feeling Of caste extends to the latter.
/ remember, for instance, Mohamme-
dan nobleman of the highest rank, enor-
mously wealthy, finding the greatest
difficulty In securing a wife in what |
may call his class, because his mother
had not been Of reputable class. 1t
would not have been so difficult task
In England. Briefly, then, an outcast-
though this is misnomer, since the
scavengers or pariahs never belonged
to any caste at abby changing his &C.
cupation-that Is, ceasing to be scav-
enger and touching unclean things
and becoming Mohammedan, can rise,
as we count rising, in the world. But,
virtually, he remains the man he was
born"
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

300 emigra ats, with 121 wagons, across
the mountains into Oregon and practi-
cally settled the question as to which
flag should float over the vast domain.
Legal effect was given to 1t by the
treaty Of 1916.
The hostile influences, however. Of
the Hudson Bay Company and others
continued to work on the minds Of the
Indians, with the result that on Nov.
30, 1S47. he and his wife, with thirteen
other persons, were foully massacred
by the people they had come to benefit.
Whitman College has since been found
ed there as tribute to his memory.
His grave has been hitherto unmarked,
but modest monument will hence
forth indicate the spot where sleeps
one of the benefactors Of the republic.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30
Mountain OF almonds.

Some idea of the wealth of the South
African diamond digglngs may be
formed from the fact that in twenty
six years no less than seventeen tons
OF those precious stones have been I'M
earthed, aggregating In value 1910 ,000,-
600: that the yearly output is now about
SIS, ,0Oe, and that as old fields be-
come less valuable new ones are being
discovered, which promise to maintain
the product. The profits Of three dia-
mond companies run from S7,500,000 to
IS, SOC, 900 each, with annual dividends
of 40 per cent, and 1t Is owing to the
dexterous management of these mon
opolies that the price of diamonds has
not been affected to any noticeable ex-
tent.-London Times.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30
CLEANING POSTALS.
Process to Remove Printing from I'm
Cancelled Cards.

Process to Remove Printing from Un-
Cancelled Cards.
An advertisement has appeared in
some Of the daily papers, In which a
cash payment has been offered for un-
Cancelled printed postal cards. This
was all that was stated, and as 1t seem
ed to be out OF the general run of ad-
vertisements, a call was made on the
advertiser to find out the object Of this
offer.
1t seems that many business houses
have occasion to have large number
OF postal cards printed. to advertise
some special line Of goods or for the
use of some travelling man. For some
reason or other the cc7ditions may
change, so that perhaps only half of the
cards are used. Being printed, they
cannot be used In any other way, and
the result is that in nine cases out Of
ten they are consigned to the waste
basket, as the Government does not re-
deem uncanceled postal cards as 1t does
stamped envelopes.
A process has been discovered by
which all Of the printed matter may be
removed from the card, leaving II in
the same condition as when bought at
the postoffice. A charge Of " cent per
card Is made for this work, or in other
words, a man sends 500 cards to be
made over" The man who does the
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30
An Accommodating Railroad.

ut used to be a standing joke" says
the Lewiston (Me.) Journal, that any
obliging conductor on the Bangor and
Piscataquis road would stop train
while passenger got out and dug a
mess Of green's, and the writer once
enjoyed tarry in Piscataquis woods
when the only apparent cause of the
stop was to let some summer tourists
gather some choice wild flowers that
grew beside the track. 1t seems that
the good old customs are still kept up
there, as the Bangor paper reports that
a train was stopped about half way
across Bunker Brook trestle the other
day to allow photographer tosget a
picture Of it, and also to take views Of
the beautiful scenery around there"
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30
FREAK hOOSIER TREES.

Sugar Ma pies that Are United in Reg
ular Siamese Twin Style.
A ''freak" Ohio tree or trees has
aroused the pride Of Indianians, and
Martinsville, Ind, steps to the fore
with the claim that she has the great
est case of Siamese twins OF the forest
on record. The picture shows what
this HOosier freak looks like. The trees
which are so peculiarly united are
sugar naples and are about II inches in
diameter. They are fully 20 feet apart
AS can be seen, the limb from one tree
has grown over and united with the
trunk Of the other. The limb is almost
equal in diameter to the body Of either
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

does not go far before he stops, and
like a statue he stands and can only be
made out by the hunter with knowl-
edge of his ways and trained eye.
The deer listens for football. Should
flfc hunter be anywhere within Ne
xnRge OF his ear and step on twig, the
deer is of with bound. He does not
Rtep until he has reached what he re-
CARDS as safe locality in which to
lsok and listen again. A man moving
cautiously behind a clump of bushes
anywhere within the sweep of his Wis
ION will start him off on the run, for he
Is seldom willing to take even a small
chance against man. Should the coast
he clear the deer will break his pose,
browse and wander about again and
finally make his bed under the top of
q fallen tree or in some little thicket.
To capture the deer by the still-hunt-
ang method the hunter must know his
ways and outwit him at his own game.
First Of all the still hunter wears soft
shoes and when he puts his foot on the
ground he is careful not to set it on a
twig which will snap and brighten any
deer that may be in the vicinity. The
stiIl hunter proceeds ut once to put into
practice the very system which the
deer has taught him. He strikes n
pnse. He listens and looks. A deer
standing like statue 200 yards away
n not likely to be detected by an in
experienced hunter. but the expert Is
mot deceived. He has learned to look
closely into the detail of the picture be-
fore him and he will note the differ
encc between a set OF antlcrs and a
bush.
The brown sides Of deer are very
snfistiaet when they have for back.
ground clump of brown bushes. But
the expert still hunter sits quietly on
n log and peers into the distance stead
nv. examining all details before him
Occasionally his fancy will help him
to make a deer's haunch out of humI
on a tree or he will fancy he sees an
antier mixed with the small branche:
Of q bush, but his trained eye finally
removes all doubt. But he Is In M
hurry. He is like the deer, patient
keen Of sight and quick Of hearing
He knows that IL there are any deer OF
their feet in his vicinity he Will get hi
Syes on them IL he takes the time or !
ne waits long enough he is likely to sc,
tfcm ON the move. At all events h
must see the deer first. Then he mus
get near enough to him to bring hin
down with his rife.
Stfn hunting is the popular metho
m Wisconsin. Hunting with hounds
forbidden by law. Another metho
used with success is what Is calle
.shrcasting." Several hunters wal
through the woods In line, a good CUR
shsk apart. A similar line is forme
m snother portion Of the woods, an
tAe men In both Ines walk toward eac
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

A railway to India, from Alexandria
to Agra and Bombay is proposed by
G. X. ID. Black, In paper read before
the English Society Of Arts. The line
would be 2,4O0 miles long, from Port
Said to Kurrachee and would cross up-
per Arabia to Basra, at the head of the
Persian Gulf, and skirt the north shore
OF the gulf and the Arabian Sea to
Kurrachee, on the border of India. Mr..
Black advocates the route for political
purposes mainly, through he thinks the
revenue would be sufficient to pay a
fair interest on Its estimated cost OF
S75. 600 200.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

n.
graves on the same spot. IL was
through the efforts of DR.. whitman
that that portion Of our country now
comprising Oregon, Washington ana
Idaho, with portions of.Wyomlng ana
Montana, was saved to the Union.
Previous to the final establishment
Of the boundary line between CANADA
and the United States by the treaty OF
1916, the Hudson Bay Company was In
virtual possession Of that whole coun-
try. 1t opposed all efforts to civilizc
the Indians, for the reason that CIVIL
cation would interfere seriously with
their trade.
In 1882 four Indians came from Ore
gon to st. Louis, n journey or more
than 5000 miles, for the sole purpose
of obtaining for their people the BOOK
from heaven" the white mans Bible.
The Methodist Episcopal church sent
out the Rev. Jason Lee and his asso--
ciates in 1884, and in 1886 the American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign
Missions sent the Rev. Samuel Parker
and DR.. Marcus Whitman to explore
the country.
On the strength Of their report the
Board Commissioned them to establish
a mission among the Nez Perces, and
sent two other laborers, the Rev. X. IL.
Spalding and his young wife to accom-
pany them. Mrs. Spalding and Mrs.
Whitman were the first white women
to cross the Rocky Mountains. They
reached Vancouver in September, 1886,
having journeyed by wagon all the
way and having proved it possible to
take emigrant trains from the Missis-
sippi to the Pacific coast.
In 1912 there were 322 Indian fami-
4 lies which. under their tuition, had be-
gun to cultivate the soil. In September
of that year DR.. Whitman met at a
dinner table at Walla Walla several Of
the chief officers of the Hudson Bay
Company, and heard what convinced
him that effort was being made to slim
ulate immigrati ton from the British pos
sessions and to raise over the whole
Territory the British flag. Excusing
his hasty departure, he rode twenty
eve miles to his home, and before he
had leaped from his saddle announced
his purpose: II am going to ride to
Washington, God carrying me through,
anc bring out an immigration next sea-
son which will save this Territory to
the United States"
Within twenty-four hours he had
started, with one companion, who,
worn out with toll and exposure, was
obliged to remain at Bents fort on
the Arkansas River until spring. After
suffering untold hardship, with his
man reached st. Louis in February,
1S43, and on March 3 lie arrived in
Washington, five months from the time
Of starting.
His first question on reaching civili-
Zation was as to the Ashburn treaty.
He was told it had been concluded.
"How about OregonT' Left out of
the treaty" was the reply. The whole
question Of the boundary west of the
Rocky Mountains had been reserved
for future settlement. DIR. Whitman
was able to give such information as
to the value and the accessibility of
the country as determined American
statesmen not lightly to surrender it.
Daniel Webster said to him that noun
tains and deserts made communication
with Oregon impossible.
~ took wagon over the mountains"
replied DR.. Whitman. land have the
wagon now" The same summer DR..
Whitman conducted n party of nearly
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

diminutive, and required the most del
icate and intricate work. After three
months Of patient labor Massey sent
his model to Washington. He says it
was as pretty piece of work as any
ever submitted to the commissioner of
patents. The car was perfect in every
respect. The seats, four to each table,
were upholstered, the doors were hung
with silver-plated hinges, the kitchen,
with its range, shelves, sink, cellar,
etc., was true to life. Job w. Massey
won the prize and George NJ. Pullman
reaped the fruits thereof.
After the fire in 1871 Mr.. Massey left
Chicago, went to Coles County and
engaged in farming. He is man of
fine intellect and polished manners.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

progeny fully formed and ready to dart
about In search of food at the moment
OF coming into their watery world. 9th
ers had given birth to tiny creatures
that were globular In shape, except
for the protruding eyes and nascent
tall I'm, that could scarcely be seen
without a strong glass. From all evil
dences, 1t was clear that the cleanup
had been made during the breeding
season. yet there was no sign of fish
roe or eggs. Many specimens of the
strange young fish were collected, and
will be shipped to different experts,
one lot going to the Smithsonian Insti-
tution.-Phoenlx (Ariz.) Correspondent
st. Louis Globe Democrat.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30
Her Beginning.

Tom-How do you like that novel ]
brought you yesterday!
Alice-Oh, don't like 1t ut all.
don't care to finish 1t.
Tom-How much have you read?
Alice-One chapter.
Tom-Then you really haven't got
into the story. The first chapters
merely a sort Of an Introduction.
Alice-But the first chapter isn't the
one I've read, and the heroine dies!
No, you may take II back.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30
Viviparous Etsh.

A doubt that has troubled scientists
for years-whether there exists a WHIP
arous kind Of fish, one that gives birth
to its young in living state-was def
nitely settled in the affirmative the 9TH
er day when the City Hall fountain of
the capital Of Arizona Territory was
cleaned out. In turning the water out
Of the big cement basin, where a gold
fish variety of the carp family has long
disported itself for the edification of
the Phoenix nurse girl and the Mari
copa County hobo, 1t was found that
many Of the fish had given birth to
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

Ingenuity should have set to work TO
arrange an apparatus by which the
chimes can be rung with less trouble;
and the illustration shows such ma
chinery for the chimes now set up in
the tower of st. German PAuxerrois,
In Paris. The great saving of work
will be realized when 1t is said that this
chime requires only one man to spend
ten minutes a week to wind up the
weights connected with the automatic
part Of the chimes.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30

all hands. In fact,
it is seldom found
developed to a con-
S / d e + able extent,
and this is well. II
Is a sort of sister
line to the line OF
life, but 1t seldom
is SO long. 1t leaves
the line of life usu.
a lily between the
thumb and forefin'
ger and S tar t {
across the Mount
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-12-30
WORKED BY WEIGHTS.

Church Chimes Rung by an InGeni-
ously Constructed Apparatus.
Few people who admire the musical
peal of the bells from some old country
church can realize how much labor Is
expended to produce the rhythm they
admire.
When church chimes are rung by
hand 1t needs the labor of two or three
men for several hours daily to work
the windlasses. 1t is quite time that