The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1897-03-21
OF THE FUTURE LIGHT
A WAY TO PRODUCE LIGHr "iiH-
our HEiT DISCOVERED.
Turning n Crank May Light CITY"
Pbosphoresccnt Lamp "hlch
Gives ~ "Cold" Light.

| the world The incandescent ana tLs az
| lamp. as we now have then' WIZ ~
| come obsolete. and the promises OF the
| Tesla system OF illumination VIII not hetu
| 10 be fulfilled. The scientist cohuuclih5
! these experiments Is the great austrian
| physicist. Poluj pronounced fulu.vl'
! whose researches and discoveries IN tne
| domain of what is known as cold nbhl
| have given him prominence and standing
| In the scientific world. fliteeh years az"
| he Invented a sO-caled phOspnOresceht
| lamp. II excited little comment AT tho
| time as IL was thought 90 be but an III
novation Of the tubes OF Geissler or
| CroOkcs. But In the light or moueIH o...-
| or theories 10 has taken on vast llhpol'-
| ance IL generates not only very iitehsc
| ROentgcn rays. but It also tIahSlo 10
| nearly all OF the energy OF the titDlrl1
current into light. il cmits am lhlens'
! greenish-white Light in sufficient qudnu
! ~ to illuminate small room. ~
| fossor Ebert. the well-known GERMAN
scientist. has made measurements W. M.,'e
! show that single horse power OF electiic
| energy would be sufficient 10 operate So
OoO.GD Puluj lamps.
This simply means that We are on the
! verge Of vast discovery III clectilc ser
| cnce. Taken IN connection win = recent
| statement Of Prof. oliver j. Lodge, we
| can well believe that the lighting system
/ Of the future Will be little short or mar
| vellOus as far as the stheIa,loi "a 'i'e
| light is concerned. Professor Longs, WHO
| is the head of the department Oi expert
| mental physics I'm University college, lsiN-
erpO0l. says that III mechanical energy
| can be converted entirely into llght alone
| one man turning the crank Of suitable
machine could generate enough light for
| a whole city" Pului claims That his lamn
| fulnls this condition. aHd is working mar
20 bring 10 down 20 practical basis. III
| he does so he wiz have perfected the
| most economic lighting system lh the
| world.
THE LIGHT OF THE FUTURE.
These statements may be said 10 re-
| count the initial attempts To- produce
| what is popularity known as the light OF
! the future" IL is the dream Of scion
| lists at the present time 90 produce llshl
| without heat. That is. TO perfect a sya-
| tom in which every bit Of the produc-
| ing energy Will Dee turned into light. As
| our electric lighting system now tAlSt3'
| only from 10 per cent. of 10 per cent
! IS expended in light. The rest OF the en-
| cfgy passes off IN the form OF heat il
! IS this immense waste OF energy Whlch
makes iS necessary Tor uS 10 employ
! steam engines. dynamos, ANA cXpcnse-cre-
| ating apparatus OF AID kinds DID, produce
| ing what is. after AN. but a. mere reside
! of illumination. IN short % produce 2
| or per cent. of Illumination We are COM
! PEELED to throw away 20 or ss per cent
| of heat Scientists then, are STRIVING 10
| save this immense waste. and this prdc-
| tically. IS what Prof Lodge means by
| saying that if il becomes possible 90 com
a whole city might Dee lighted by the SIM
! pie turning of a crank shaft
WHAT THE NEW LAMP is LIKE.
Puluj's lamp is not operated 10y dyna-
| mos or storage batteries. DO operates
| with a different kind Of electric current.
! IT is lighted by mca-es of an induction coil
! or glass plate electric machine. Inc
! static electricity thus produced is the
same in every respect as lightning. 10 is
| atmospheric, and its voltage. COP electro
| motive force, is $50 great that Do NAl
| readily pass through the air. 10 need,
| therefore surprise no one 10 know That
! the lamp of Puluj can Dee operated
| through only one terminal OF ihe induce
| ton coil Ohe negative pole. l0r iustancclf
| is connected TO TO- The lamp itself is
| shaped very much the same ass au ordIua-
| ~ Edison incaudesceut lamp. except that
/ the wires leading into the lamp DO not
| extend up the neck from socket. They
| extend directly through the side OF tne
| bulb. They are made OF aluminium. The
| negative pole, OF cathode, ends lll Cd small
| refector-shaped disc. Hanging from the
| point or apex of the lamp globe Us
/ small square sheet OF mica. The piece OF
! mica faces the reflector disc or negative
! pole and is painted with suiplide OF cal-
! cium, am extremely phosphoresctnt au1-
| stance. When thc negative pole of tln
! lamp is connected with am induction coil
| the current is ass it We're. concentrated uF
| the little disc iu Che lamp. and constant
] stream of radiant electric matter flows
I
| of mica, which Immediately giows with
an intensely brilliant pnosphorescent
| light
This is PuuJs lamp as it exists TO-
| day. The heat evolved from it is lniIni-
! tesimal IN quantity. Nearly all %. tne
| energy put into 10 ls converted into lislt.
| il is therefore the nearest possible ape
| prOach to cold light that has yet been
made. But 20 is not in IFS present stage
| available for general lighting purposes.
| Puluj is experimenting with view %
| arriving al a solution of the obstacle.
| 1t is his belief that the general adv dlcc-
ment of Lighting ana the solution of the
! problem OF making light entirely without
| heat Will bee found by chemical means.
! lie is carrying on series of inVretiEa-
/ tons TO the end of producing q chemical
| lighting system. Not the production OF
! light through the consumption 0t chcml-
| Gals, but, as Ear ass can zoe learned, inc
| chemical conversion OF the ether into
| light IL is not easy 90 imagine how tiia
| is TO be done, but such is the statement.
| Puluj, if the fatcs smile ON hls expert
ments, viii some day base an ether sys-
| TEN OF light production on his little lamp.
| lie is seeking TO devise some method Tor
! Oscillating the ether $50 as 20 produce
| light IN case OF success bis lamp would
become an object of great interest. Great
obstacles hc>in the way. and for the sake
| of the uninitiatcd little explanation may
WHAT LIGHT is.
The man who maintains that "the sun
/ do move Will declare that il ls also The
source of lghtBut the modern scientist
| while acQuicscing in the fact. VIII add
| that light is a condition of the surround
/ ing ether. which may ON occasion Doe dis
! tur1ed or regulated SO ass TO produce Il
| concentration of illumination al ctl-
! tain point. This point may Doe Pulul
| lamp or some other agent DO matters
| not Just now. The object 20 Dee sought Us
| the method of concentration. Light tray
els at the rate of $4,000 miles "a second.
in travelling at this great speed. the
! ether or atmosphere which conveys the
! light is vibratcd up and down, sideways
and crOssWise at the rate of many trn-
! lion oscillations per second. Thus 10 not
| only goes forward no great speed, but IL
also vibrates m its passage. To make
light of this nature 10 would therefore
| be necessary 90 cause the ether TO oscii-
| late al a tremendous rate. Prot Lodge
estimates that 10 produce ether waves
| one meter i'm length would require olu-
| O0OcO0 oscillations per second. Now when
| "a leyden jar is discharged Of IT'S cleo
| tricity. the latter disturbs the ether sur
rounding the jar and carves 10 into waves
which travel away into space with a Wee
lOcity Of $4,000 miles per second, the same
/ velocity as that of light. But the oscil-
] latOry power is not sufficient 20 produce
/ light Here discrepancy crceys in.
/ Again quoting Prof Lodge. IL may be
/ we'll 10 point out that 20 common pint
Leyden jar discharging through a pair
/ OF tongs may start system of ether
| waves each not longer than about ID or 30
| meters: and its rate of oscillation will
| 4 tiny thimble-sizcd jar OVERLOOKING its
| edge NAV pTOUagdfe waves only about