davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21
aEifs NO HEAT OR LIGHT.

At Great Depths the Ocean Is Cut on
from All Effects of the Sun.
The bottom of the deep sea is, indeed,
entirely screened from the warmth and
light of the sun by the intervening
mass Of water. On land we often eN-
perience that the intervention of
clouds, which are simply steam or di-
vided masses of water, results in gloom
and fall Of temperature. This effect
is infinitely more intense Mt the bottom
Of the ocean, between which and the
sun there is interposed, not only for
day or two, layer of cloud, but, Tor
ever, q volume of water often several
miles thick. Even at Is fathoms frcrn
the surface the light is much subdued,
producing more the appearance of pale
moonlight than of sunlight, and eX-
periments made with very sensitive
Photographic plates in the clear water
of the Lake of Geneva have shown that
sunlight does not penetrate to great
er depth there than 155 fathoms. In
the ocean and in the tropics, where
sunshine is most intense, no light pene-
trates beyond depth of 200 fathoms.
Below this all is dark.
The suns heat, like its light, is also
cut off from the ocean depths in the
same manner. \ cousin of the writer
found that in the bay of Bengal there
is fall of temperature amounting to
about one degree Fahrenheit for every
ten fathoms from the surface that the
thermometer sinks. At 200 fathoms
he has found that the thermometer
stands all the year round at 55 degrees
Fahrenheit; and at 1000 fathoms it
constantly registers about 35 degrees
Fahrenheit, or close upon freezing
point. 1t is curious to note that as
we rise in the air, in balloning or on
mountain slopes, the temperature falls
as we rise, and the same occurs as we
dive into the depths of the ocean. But
in mines the heat increases as we de-
scend.-Chambers' Journal.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21
NATIONAL ENCAMPMENT.
Veterans Will Shortly Sing "Put
Me OF at Buffalo"
The Programme of Business and
Pleasure mt DuHnlo-Gossip of the
Contest for the Important POSI-
tion of Commander in Chief.
1ConYright. 1871

Every national encampment of the
Grand Army of the Republic is heralded
as the last great gathering of the war
veterans, but it will be number of
years before the order and its encamp-
ments dwindle before the naked eye.
The thirty-first encampment in Buffalo
in August, it is expected, will be as
large as at any time, except the reunion
at Washington in 1892. Buffalo has
made mighty preparations, it being the
first time the Queen city of the lakes
has had the honor of entertaining the
grand army. Even the state encamp-
ments of the grand army usually have
been held at more central point. So
Buffalo is very much on her mettle
these days.
Though grand army week begins Au-
gust 23, according to the programme.
the real opening exercises will be held
on Sunday. the day before, at the
churches. The next morning at eight
o'clock the commander in chief, Thad-
deus Clarkson, will arrive. y reception
will be given for him in the evening. In
The afternoon there will be parade of
civic societies.
On Tuesday the naval veterans, the
:X-prisoners of war and the Sons of
Veterans will parade at 9:2O o'clock. In
! The afternoon President Mckinley and
Gov. Black will arrive and will be es-
corted to their quarters. During the
lay there will be regimental and corps
reunions, with camptires in the evening.
After dark the bicyclists will parade
also. Buffalo being notably city of
asphalt streets, the illuminated parade
will be beautiful.
Wednesday will be the spectacular day
for the grand army. In the morning
the parade will move, and it is expected
that the old fellows will have a more
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21

been liable at any time to drop On our
heads.
"Chancing to lock to the floor, saw
that suddenly it had become covered
with ants--long, black, savage-looking
fellows, twice as big as any that is
ever found in northern countries. They
had come in at the open doorway and
the window. and were marching in true
military order-long files and columns
extending from one side of the room to
the ether marshalled by certain ants
which &pepared to act as command
ers.
Our host saw them. It's the army
ants! Go outside he called to his
guests; and we all went cut on the
yerauda. lie followed, but first tore
down the cloth that served as awning
below the roof, and called to the serv-
ants to throw open every cupboard and
closet door.
Looking into the room through the
side windows, we could see the ants at
their work. Up over the dining table
they swarmed, and cleared the table
of everything eatable in a hurry, at
taclling the sugar irst. Then, file after
file, they went like a storming party up
the wall and into the roof of thatched
grass, which Immediately began to rus
tie with the movements of its insect
and reptile inhabitants routed out from
their retreat by the ants. Cockroaches,
spiders, scorpions and centipedes
dropped to the floor and started to run;
but before they could gain yard they
were seized and overwhelmed by a
myriad of ants which devoured them
alive. 1t was the most thorough work
| ever saw. When finally the ants left
the house, passing out at the back, in
military order and directing their
march toward the next ranch, they had
left not one living thing behind in the
way of vermin or reptiles.
"As these ants do no injury to the
! people beyond devouring grass and any
| provisions that are left exposed, it is
evident that they are the friends OF
man in Central America, and their in.
/ vasions are welcomed. Through towns
and cleared lands and forests they keep
their way in broken lines, ascending the
highest trees in pursuit OF their prey
and leaving a path free from vermir
behind them. Where they come from
or whittier they go is mystery which
no one in Nicaragua ever pretended tc
explain
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21
ARMY ANTS OF NICARAGUA.
Welcomed because They Make Glenn
Work of Ncrmin and Reptiles.
fConyright 1897

1--WE were breakfasting at a little
fonda (hoteD in Rama, on the Rama
river" said Arthur 4. Hoy, mine eX.
pert recently returned from Nicara-
qua. about us were the ordinary
household scenes in tropical country.
Out in the kitchen, which was merely
roof upon poles, the negro and mulatto
servants were chattering and laughing
as they worked; lazy, barefooted boy
shufiled in and out of the room pretend
ing to wait on us, the host swung in his
hammock, and in corner of the room
a group of American miners were play
ing cards. The floor was strewn with
clean, white sand, and overhead al
cloth, spread like an awning below the
thatched roof, intercepted the vermin
and reptiles that otherwise would have
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21

When the opposite motion is given to
the board, the top checkers viii be on
their way to catch up with its first mo-
tion. The end will be the fall of the
pile, owing to the swaying motion i'm
parted to It. 1t will also follow that the
taller the Pile and the narrower the
diameter of each checker, the easier it
will be to upset the column; while the
broader the pile and the lower the co..
umn, the harder it will be to throw it
over. This rule holds absolutely true
for corners of brick and stone, or for
stories of high buildings resting on col
umns when the columns are not bolted
firmly together.
Now there are three principal types
of tall buildings, the first being con-
structed of masonry walls which carry
everything, the second having the
walls resting on their own weight and
carrying the floors on cast iron COL
umns, and the third having a spliced
cage of steel which carries the weight
of the floors on the inside and the walls
as panels between the different stories
on the outside. The first is no longer
used on account of the thickness of the
walls in the lower stories; the second,
or simple floor-carrying construction,
is the type of all the older tall build
ings in Chicago where it first came into
general use, and the third is the type Of
the modern 2o-story building which has
come into favor in New York and e.se-
where during the last five years.
AS said before, purely brick or stone
tall buildings offer very little resistance
10 earthquakes. The second type may
be compared to rows of lead pencils,
built in stories with sheets of paper
between to represent the floors, and
having the pencils in each successive
story placed on the corresponding one
underneath. Only, the analogy is not
quite complete because lead pencil! Is
parativeiy hard 10 break across
while a cast iron column under similar
provocation will snap like the stem of a
clay pipe. 1t is evident, therefore, that
should we apply our small earthquake
shock to our house of paper and lead
pencils anyone of them would break, oil
slip off its support underneath, with the
! result Of throwing the whole structurs
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21

neys were broken off close to the toI's
OF the houses and 1860 additional ehira-
ncys were shocked and split
If these results were reached with
two-story houses, what would happen
If similar arthqualle-which was,
after all, a second-class one-struck the
great 10 or 20-story buildings of to-
day? That will depend largely on the
character of the construction of such
buildings. In the two great earthquake
centers of the world, namely, Japan
and the west coast of South America,
the inhabitants by the experience of
succeeding generations have come to
erect for living purposes none but one
story buildings of the flimsiest ma
terial, such as papier-mache and bam-
boo. The force of moderately serious
over the light haystack and the most
solidly built church spire with equal
ease. Yet japanese temples, many OF
them over 100 feet high, have withstood
successfully the shocks of earthquakes
for centuries, the reason fbeing that the
bamboo framework which carries them
is so bound together az the joints that
it can sway to and fro and outside the
earthquake like ship in storm at sea.
The survival Of these japanese tenn
pies is practical demonstration of the
fact that tall buildings can be con-
structed so as to withstand earthquake
shocks. We can easily see, contrasting
their rbehaviorwith that of church spires
and haystacks. that the after resemble
an upright pile of checkers which are
J not bound together by anything but
their own weight If tall pile of
checkers be built on piece of board,
and this beard is first thrust forward
and then pulled back we have the eN-
act effect Of an earthquake on a small
scale. When the board is thrust for
ward the Bottom checkers will follow
! its motion more closely than those ut
the top. which will tend to lean back.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21
EARTHQUAKES IN NEW YORK
Builders OF Big Buildings Have Econ
Disturbed by the Shocks.
What Would Happen in the Metropolis
Should "a Real Earthquake Strike
the Great Buildings .-Some
Architectural Facts.
[Copyrisht. 1871

Builders in New York have been
somewhat disturbed of late by the nu-
merous small earthquake shocks which
have characterized the present year,
and they have been informally discuss
ing among themselves the possible eff
feet of severe earthquake shock on
the numerous tall buildings in the
greater cities of the country, more
especially as a severe shock sometimes
closes up series of small shocks. If
the average builder had any confidence
in the average architect, the advice Of
the latter might be sought, but it SO
happens that the architects of tall
buildings have had a serious dispute
with one another about the effect of
storms on the structures which they
have planned, with the one result of
convincing everyone interested in the
building trade that none of these archi-
tects knew anything about the stability
Of their tall buildings in case tornado
or an earthquake should strike them.
In fact, architects have made very lit
tie provision in tall buildings against
violent tornadoes, and none at ail
against earthquakes.
The cause of earthquakes being very
inperfectly known, even at this late
day, it is not possible to guarantee that
any particular city will be free from
their occurrence. While it is an OBJ
served fact that plenty of active vol
canoes usually means plenty Of earth
1uakes in their immediate neighbor.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21

hood, it must be remembered that
neither Charleston nor Lisbon, where
great earthquakes have occurred, has
volcanoes anywhere near it. Moreover,
earthquakes are not considerate of peo-
ple's feelings in announcing their ar
rival. The worst earthquakes the world
has ever seen might strike New York,
or Chicago, or St. Louis, or Denver, or
the Yukon valley, tomorrow afternoon
at 4.21, and at 4.26 the place might be
in ruins. No first-class earthquake has
ever taken longer than five minutes to
accomplish its work.
AS if they delighted in their own ir-
regularity of action, earthquakes are
sometimes preceded by u series ofslight
shocks and sometimes come without
any warning whatever. Thus in the
great Broussa earthquake of 1855 there
were slight shocks, gradually growing
heavier, February 2S, March 9 and
March 30, the distinctive shock finally
occurring on March 20. On the other
hand, when big earthquake comes
without any premonito-y signs, it is
usually followed by slighter shocks at
frequent intervals for months after
ward.
The clearest description of an earth
quake which has come down to US is
that furnished by Prof. Winthrop, of
Cambridge, Mass, from his experience
of the one which occurred on November
is, 1855, and which lasted exactly Sh
minutes. THE shock was preceded" !"
we are told, "by that peculiar rumbling
noise which is frequently the precursor
of earthquakes. In about half minute
afterward the surface seemed to be
suddenly raised, and, in subsiding, was
thrown into a rapid, jarring, vibratory
motion, which acted in horizontal
direction. Then, all at once, came a
violent, prodigious shock, as suddenly
to all appearances as a thunderciap
breaking on a house. This shock was
succeeded by conclusions, jerks and
wrenches attended by an undulatory
waving motion of the whole surface
not unlike the shaking and quaAng OF
large bog" When the people of Bos'
ton recovered themselves sufficiently to
look for the damages done by this
earthquake, that found that 10O chin
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21

comfortable time in line than they ever
have had before. The route has Ieen
measured with tape line, and it is
guaranteed to be not an inch more than
two miles long. Every bit Of it is over
asphalt. Beginning ut Main street and
the Terrace, the line will move up Main
to Chippewa, to Delaware avenue-thc
rrettiest residence street on the couti-
nent-to North, to the circle at I,ich-
nond avenue, where the official review
ing stand will be built, to Prospect ave-
nue., where the parade will disband. 1t
is expected that $4,000 veterans will
parade for seven hours. There Will be
battle flags enough to thrill the most
cold blooded.
That night there will be many camp
fires, including one for the army chap
lains.
More reunions and more camptires
come on Thursday, with parade of the
soldiers of the present Fourth brigade
Of the state national guard, Gen. Peter
c. Doyle, himself a veteran. The bri-
gude includes the two Buffalo regi-
ments, the SiXty-fifth and the Seventy
fourth and a dozen separate companies
from the towns of western New York.
Then, too, there will be a parade of the
soldiers of the future, the schoolboys of
the city.
Friday practically will be the last day
of the encampment. 1t will wind up
with the rest of the reunions.
In Camp Jewett, named in honor of
the mayor of the city, there will be an
unsurpassed tented field of 10000 vet
Grams. 1t will be at the front, part of
the park system, which overlooks Lake
Erie and the Niagara. Adjoining is the
regular army post of Fort Porter, gar
risoned by two companies of infantry.
The ground for the tents is tile-drained
and the tents will have wooden floors.
The field will have all the conveniences
of hotel.
In the schoolhouses $4,000 old soldiers
will be quartered, and in the large
hotels rooms have been reserved for
1000 more.
The session of the encampment will
be held in Music hall and will begin at
two o'clock Tuesday afternoon. If the
leading candidate for commander-in-
chief is elected he will be the first ed
itor to reach this high position. He is
Isaac Foster Mack, of Sandusky, o.
He is editor and owner of the Sandusky
Register, is good looking, as his picture
shows, and is highly regarded in his
home city.
He was at Ober!in college, Ohio,
when the first call for men came, and in
April, 1861, he enlisted at that town in
company c, Seventh Ohio infantry. II
was short-term regiment, and when
its time had expired he reenlisted for
three years and served in the Army OF
West Virginia. He was captured, and
for nearly year he was a prisoner OF
war at Richmond, in the parish prison
at New Orleans and at Salisbury. lie
was paroled at Salisbury and taken to
the hospital on Governors island
where he was treated for four months
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21

4 scientist has discovered that light
may be produced from sugar. He has
succeeded in taking several photo.
graphs by the light supplied by sugar
only. The sugar was first exposed to a
direct sunlight for two hours and then
placed in dark room. Immediately
on being placed in the darkness the
sunlight stored in the sugar began to
glow, family at first, but quite brightly
after q few minutes. After about 20
minutes, during which time the pho
tographs were taken. the light began
to die away, and gradually went out.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21
T. o. c. f. Excursion to Buffalo Account
National Encampment q. Ar

=, Dates of sale Aug. 2l, 90 and 90.
llckets will be good going commencing
on date of sale as stamped
on back, good returning to leave Buff
alo not earlier than Aug. Gath and not
later than Aug. 81, unless ticket is de-
posted with Joint Agent at Buffalo
between Aug. 23 and 81 when an ex-
tension OF time for return trip may be
obtained for period not later than
Sept 20. Through coaches from Mari
eta to Buffalo on train leaving Mari
etta at p. m. Aug. 81, arriving at
Buffalo at a. m. next day. For fur
ther information call on G. M. Pavne.
Ticket Agent. Union Depot or address
+. T. Morse, City Passenger Agent
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21
B. & o. S-W. RY,
TIME TABLE.

Trains leave Marietta az .oiirvre
For For st sStinGdinnat danat 545a 1920 M .lls5 IN
For louisville 5:45 a m, 1920 a m 'JI y, st %,
FOR Parkersburg, 1870 m. +5:as !, no ~; ns
IN, $50 p m, sll.85 d m. '' m' -*'es
ll:35 pm. ' 1'V' s''o' 'zl p m,
nor ;n u GEhn,lliGothe' En 1920 M .ll;85 m, t5.4s
daily; tExcept SUNDAY. H.
.,me i IN uetali oa information regarding rate,
etc sdac oh connecting lines sleeping parlor car,
~ H. M.I NJ; pAYNE Ticket Agent, B. O. sw
Aant n b' MARFEL, Assistant General Passsno.,
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21
Questionable strategy.

THAT man Nibley isn't to be trusted.
He'dtakeadvantage of youyuicker than
n wink if he saw chance to DO So"
How do you know that?"
Il overheard him and his wife in an
argument last night, and when he saw
that she was getting ahead of him he
yelled: Look out! There's mouse!' "
Cleveland Leader.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21
The snanish pennl.-

An English traveller giving his i'm
pressions of the Spanish people in their
native country, describes them as
"odorous from their indoleuce, their
poverty. and their senseless PRIDE
Military Gazette. Chicago.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21
SOUTH BOUND,

nect;nms fo, run daily except Sunday. Close oon-
For fart i%r az points north and west.
N op . iaither Information cali on or sd5ros,5
eta O fNk' IlcSe Agent, Union Depot. Ma,
l. d. DALE. Receiver, - y. T.
W. NJ. MORSE Su,erin,enden,
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21
ZANESvILLE G. OHIO RIVER.
TIME CARD IN EFFECT DFC ga ZOO. -

A ~ iralns Daily except Sunday.
NOS. 70 and p make close conpect,, ma s.,
na9esvlile with the b. 4 o. and Pan anJI.
'fa'hs i; lor re columbus, Chicago and the Wet.
j. HOPE SUTOR, Receiver
:. q. HARRISON. General Yassenuart
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1897-08-21
cleveland e. Marietta Railway

co1rGdF rGdF e6PkoT 6GrPkoT SUNDAY, March Z, 1857.
-N'S SOOhh e,tDJNG NOprIi
The herald., 1897-11-07
CAUGHT IN ARCTIC ICE
EIGHT WHALERS IN DANGER OF
DESTRUCTION
The Situation So Serious as to War
rant Requests Of Aid by the
Government

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 6.-Accord-
ing to the news from the Arctic
brought by returning whalers, eight
vessels are now held fast in the ice. The
steam whalers Belvedere, Orca, Jessie
H. Freeman and the schooner Rosario
are near Point Barrow, and the steam
whalers Newport, Fearless, Jeanie and
the bark Wanderer are off Return Reef.
The latter four are in the open sea 300
miles from provision station. Captain
McGregor Of the Karluk thinks that
when the ice breaks up these vessels will
be ground to pieces.
At Point Barlow the situation is not
SO critical. The four ice bound ships are
about six miles offthe point. The Liebes
provision station can aid them.
1t is yet possible for stiff northwest
wind to bring these vessels out of dan
ger. The bark Gayhead, Captain Cha:;.
H. Foley, brings back some sailors who
assert that they were i'll feed and suf-
fered extreme punishment at the hands
Of the Captain and First Mate Frank
Enas. They declare that they will unite
and sue the Captain for damages. Lieu
tenant G. M. Stoney, U. S. NJ, who has
had much experience in the Arctic, de-
clares that it Is the duty Of the govern
ment to send a relief expedition at once
to furnish supplies to the ice-bound
whalers.
Eight more of the lost Narvach's men
have reached this city. One of the man,
John Johnson, was so badly frozen that
his toes had to be amputated.
The herald., 1897-11-07

the watchman the boys started to run.
The officer then discharged his gun into
the air to frighten them. At the corner
Of Hoover and Twenty ninth streets he
overlook the youngsters and escorted
them back to Mrs. Clarke's place. They
gave their surname as Clements and
said they were brothers and lived at the
corner Of Thirty-third and Hoover
streets. They were lectured and turned
loose.
Later, Mrs. Jones, who is a member of
the Salvation army, declared that one Of
the bullets fired by Auble imbedded it.
self in a telephone pole against which
she was standing, few inches above
her head. An examination Of the pole
failed to reveal any signs Of having been
struck by bullet. The night watchman
declares that he turned his weapon di-
rectly above him and that the proximity
Of the bullet to Mrs. Jones' head is due
alone to the woman's Imagination.