davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21

i'm conclusions based on photographic
reasons or course the more experience
an investigator has, the less liable he Is
to make mistakes; and yet IT is very
plain that "A tone of absolute certainty In
such arguments can never be Justiiiabie
on the basis of his chronological ar
rangement of the inscriptions, and from
a study of the contents Of the new in
scriptions, as well as Of those from
Telloh, Hilprecht has constructed a
brief tentative. sketch Ct the general
course of events from the time Of
En-shagsag-ana. whom he places at the
head of our list of Babylonian kings, TO
that of E-dingiranagin, of Shirpurla.
Tentative, as ii is, there are of course,
doubtful points. His Identification OF
the city gish-Ban, with Harran, for ex-
ample, is certainly very venturesome 1t
is not certain, in the first place. that the
name is 10 be read gish-Ban. The origin
of such a name as the Bow" (-gish-
Ban) would also be uncertain; and. final
IT, there is no mention Of the bow-shape
of Harran earlier than that of the Arabic
historians. In a word, the evidence
brought forth does not justify. in any
way. the certainty with which Hilprecht
speaks. AS a whole, however this his
torical sketch is a bold, scholarly at
tempt, which gives us a basis for future
inves, lgations, and is thereby OF the
greatest value, whether we accept all
the points brought out or not.
The older texts published by Hilprecht
are. naturally enough, under the circum-
stances, dedicatory inscriptions, found on
votive offerings-such as vases door
sockets-or even rude blocks of valuable
stone. The name Lugal-shag- zag-ana,
perhaps the Oldest Of known kings, is
presented to US, for the first time, by
Nos 1922 These pieces inform US that
CNo. 800 ITO the god Enlil King Of Lands,
En-shag-Zag-ana, Lord OF Bahylonia,
King OF :" NO. 92). has present.
ed the property (or spoiD of the city
Kish. syil Of heart" 4 King of Kish
itself appears also as a worshipper at
the temple Of Enln Tor BED, OF Nippur;
his name, which is new. IS Ur-shul-paud-
du. The other new names added TO our
list OF old Babylonian kings are Lugal-
zag-gisi King Of Erech, King OF the
world; Lugal-nigub-nidudu, King OF
Erech and Ur; and Lugal-klsal-si 90.
King OF Erech and Ur From Lugal-
zag-gisl we have the longest. complete
text G32 line9 OF this antiquity yet
found. The old King had dedicated TO
Bel over one hundred vases. all contain
ing the same Inscription. Not one vase
was found whole. but Hilprecht. with a
skill and patience which can only be APP
preciated by those who have had prac-
teal experience in such matters. has
succeeded In putting together TIE orr
ginal text from lightweight fragments
OF slxty-four different vases. The be-
ginning OF this ancient text. translated
by Hilprecht runs as follows:
Lugal- gag -gisi, King OF Erech. King
| of the world. priest OF the god Ana.
| hero OF the goddess CD Nidaba. son OF
Ukush, patesi OF the city glsh-Ban. hero
| OF tho goddess Cd Nidaba, he who was
| favorably looked upon by the faithful
| eye Of the lord Of lands Il. O., Bell, great
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21
81 Black Skirts. 5Uc.
Baby Carriages.

Some substantial evidence in his coming
publication. In their present form, now
ever. these statements rest on 100 IN
secure 2 foundation TO be generally ac-
fcepted; and. Furthermore, add very lit
tie of real historical value to our preyi-
GUS knowledge.
IN tact. so far as our knowledge OF
the pre-Sargonic history IS concerned
the real additions made by the Nippur
excavations concern date which, amaz-
ING as il is. does not exceed 400
"a q according to Hllprechts more
liberal estimate, and is probably at least
zoo wears later. In the investigation OF
This period. Professor Hilprechts great
knowledge and his keen methods nave
produced very interesting results.
mass of over five hundred very antique
looking fragments, some OF them pear
ing the name of Sargon l., were touhd
much above the platform OF Naram-Sln.
Now. the old archive, or treasury OF the
temnle unlike that of the Temple of
TelIoh. was empty when found. Hill
nrecht shows that the archiye was looted
i'm the third millennium b. C., possibly
by the Elamites in the great invasion
recorded as occurring In the year zZeo
b. C.; and he very justly concludes that
at this time all the ancient votiye oHer-
from the earliest times were in part
carried off and i'm part broken. The shat
tered pieces of the older tablets ana
vases broken by these invaders, were
thus scattered over the ground about the
temnle long after the other relies OF
their own time had been buried by the
ever-accumulating debris from the temple
buildings; and so they We're found APP
narently out Of place by the American
expedition. Professor Hilprecht proves,
on archaeological grounds of undoubted
soundness. that certain of these frag-
ments are extremely old, slightly older
even than the inscriptions OF Oru-HasHha'
King of Shirpurla. found by DE Sarzec-
older. in fact, than any other INSCRIBED
fragments known to u.s. All the rest OF
the texts published under NOS "-I-,
although somewhat later than those just
mentioned belong TO the same general
nariod-that Of Uru-kagina. Ur-nina,
E-dingira-nagin, etc. Hilprecht then ar
ranges mainly on ARCHAEOLOGICAL
brands the texts OF this period chrome
logically, proves that they are older than
the texts OF Sargon /. and Naram-Sln.
and that the texts of the latter are older
than those Of Urban, Gudea, and Urgur.
II Is a sound, plausible argument
agreeing I'm general with the judgments
OF NJ. Heuzey, the archaeologist OF the
Louvre: and the conclusions viii be or
the greatest value for the construction
OF the history. II must be remembered
however. that the arguments USED are
almost wholly photographic, ana tnat
photographic arguments lead only 10 ap-
n,oxImations. not to certain conclusions.
The conviction OF such man as Hill
nrecht or Heuzey on any photographic
question f. Of great value, especially
when there IL no other evidence; but IL
can never take the place OF direct MS
torical and documentary evidence be-
cause the possibility OF error always re-
mains. Hilprecht himself has pointed out
errors which he made In his first volume
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21
TEN THOUSAND YEARS AGO.
The Excavations at Nippur by the
American Expedition.
(The Independent.

TINE lUutptuuthhl
It is probable that the general results
of the University of Pennsylvania ex-
petition to Babylonia have been more
widely-known in the United States, and
have awakened a more lively interest
in Babylonian excavations than any re-
suits which have been obtained in the
Semitic field. 1t is, first of all, an
American expedition, led by Americans
DR.. Peters and Mr.. Haynes-and sup
ported by American generosity; and, at
the same time, it is worthy of place
alongside the best expeditions sent out
nv France and England. But aside from
this. the claims of the gentlemen direct
ly connected with the expedition that
the civilization of the eXcavated city
of Nippur reaches back 10 the seventh
or eighth millennium, b. c., have been
so startling as TO attract universal at
tention. 1t is, therefore, with Justlapie
expectancy that the publications con-
tanning the results of this expedition
are being watched by laymen, as well
as by scholars. The publication OF the
cuneiform texts, as is well known, Is
being conducted by Professor Hilprecht,
i'm a series of volumes under the auspices
Of the American Philosophical Society
The preface Of the second volume con-
tains a short summary or the three
campaigns made at Nippur. On the last
campaign, which is apparently one OF
the most remarkable in the whole Us
tory of excavations in Babylonia, -hr-
HAYNES who carried on the work with
a force Of from fifty to sixty Arabs
remained at Nippur, with an Interrupt
ton of only two months-from April,
1S8 10 February, 1S96-something never
before attempted in the poisonous
swamps of Southern Babylonia To his
faithfulness and endurance is due
large part of the success OF the cam
naign. In this third campaign, the great
temnle of Bel, called E-kur, has been
completely laid bare, and the history
of It's construction worked out from the
bricks stamped with the names OF the
kings who built and repaired IL. In
three places excavations have been car
rIad down TO the water level. Drawings,
plans. and photographs have been made
M everything OF interest Streets and
nrivate houses have been exposed 10
,law. two true arches. small, but OF
great antiquity have been found; ana
the ancient drainage system or the tenn
nile has been studied out More than
u aco CLAW tablets have been carried of,
besides many other objects. Among the
latter are inscribed bricks and stamps
of Niram-Sin and Sargon l., an Inscribed
brick OF Dungi. and vases ana votive-
stones bearing the names of hitherto I'M
known kings. belonging TO the period
before Sargon. The history OF the ex-
cayations will be given in detail by MT
HAYNES. In Series b. OF these publications.
Following this preface. Professor Hill
precht has summarized the most import
ant historical facts. which he has gain
sred from the reports OF the excavations
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21

and from the texts themselves. The
lowest stratum found which contained
stamped bricks was a platform OF the
Rec Temple. eleven metres below the top
level OF the debris. and nine and quar-
ter metres above virgin soil. Inc orlcks
of this platform were stamped with the
name of Naram-Sin, Cr in Few cases,
with that of his father. The PLATFORM
was evidently built by Naram-Sn NM
self. AS is well known. Nabonidus,
King Of Babylon, 555-03o r. o. states
that in rebuilding a temple he found the
foundation stone Of Naram-Sln' the son
of Sargon, who lived 3,AO years peloie
his time According to this Statement
Naram-Sin lived about 300 Is. - II 10
perhaps only fair TO say that some a.
syriologists admit the possibility lia' 'i.'
scribes of Nabonidus have made a mis-
toka Of a thousand years. Bearing that
in mind our evidence is, then, that inns
nlatform of Naram-Sin, laid bare AT
Ninnur. was built about $3.50 Il. Z. Inc
eleven metres of debris above 1t repre-
sent then. about 1900 years OF BaDyloi,idl'
history. Ii suggests itself at once thaO
the nine and a quarter metres Oh uepi -
between this pavement and virgin SUI
also represents long period Oh 'iniie.
Professor Hilprecht concludes thdl' %
the great Ziggurat, or tower was ios
huiIt before Naram-Sin's time, the "c-
cumlEation of debris must nave peeh
clover in the pre-Sargonic period thah
later Solely on this evidence, so Iar a.
am able to see. Professor Hilprecht as
sarts that the founding of the Temple
of Rel and the first settlements Oh Nlppui
date back to the seventh or eightn mn mn,
lenium b. G.. IL must De reuieliiD 's, n =
tbat n IL not asserted that hscllpeu
monuments from that date nave Deeh
found. or that any great hsht mas -
thrown on this appalling antiquity.
Inscription of Lugalzaggisl Is uateu W
Hilprecht on photographic evidence ~
about 1000 Il. c.. II the ua'e 90" -
Cor Naram-Sin be not accepted. or At
400 y @ II II be accepted. The Oldest
,nscr,ntions published by De Sarzec' as
vel ne the Oldest published by Hilprecht'
ho,ong automatically, TO this same
General period; so the claim stated ABOVE
- sir,nl, that there are indications OF
human bahjtation OF this spot reachihS
hack 5000 or 1900 years before Nar,'in-
Sin. IL has long been a recognileu iac'
that the relatively high state Oh cN'iiL'
tion and the developed stage OF the
writing at the time Of our Oldest lhscrip-
tions presuppose great many cen'u =, W
of development | may even say INA.
no one VIII deny the possipih'y .na'
human beings may have lived at Mp
MIR In the eighth millennium Is. T.. ana
vet this method of proving mat Nippur
really was inhabited at snat carry 'iiils
will convince no one. The growth OF
denosits from human habitations Is too
uncertain and irregular to give any con.
0dence in chronological estimates based
upon the depth of mass OF debris IL
is. however. of interest 10 eearn that Mr..
Haynes, working day after day IN the
trenches, has gained the conviction tha'
the earliest period OF Babylonian history
Is at least 1000 years before Naram-sin'
and, perhaps, no may be able 10 proauss
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21
White Spreads.

patesi Of Bel. upon whom intelligeace
was given by the god Enki. he who was
chosen by Utu. exalted minister o. The
god EnZa. he who was Invested VIA
power by Utu &c, col. 1, line -; when
EMIL. the lord OF lands, invested LNsa.
zag-gisi, with the kingdom OK the world
and granted him success before mo
world when he filed the land win
his power (and) subdued 0he country
from the rise of the sun 20 tho setting
of the sun--at that time he straightentl
his path from the lower sea of ne
Tigris and Euphrates 10 the upper sch
and granted him the dominion from in'
rise of the sun to the setting of the sun.
After a description OF the power lnl
glory TO which Erech Ur, Larsa, ara
gish-Ban, his cities. had been iai-e''
followed a prayer for life ana pfos-
perity, and then at the end the ded.ce'
ton: For his life 10 EMIL, his Gear
King: he has presented It"
In addition 70 the inscriptions. TINS
volume contains a photograph OK W.
votive tablets. which make Ftiy
valuable addition 10 our specimens o.
old Babylonlan art. Together with ne
tablet containing the family OF Of.nu,4'
the other fragments OF Ur-nina and w.
STEELE of Vultures. all published Dy 70
Sarzec, they are probably the mo''
ancient works OF art known 10 iAAA'
one OF these tablets. presented by
man named Ur-Enhl. Is divided in.o W.
parts; in the middle IS round 80
for fastening II TO the wall inc -
per half contains, at each end, mo ht"
OF a bearded-crowned god seated ~
throne; before each figure stl.l'
naked figure Of Ur-Enlil CD with -A-1.4
head. holding up a peculiar vase
a spout before the god. Between -
figures is the dedicatory inscription.
the lower half are the figures or 800
a sheep. a man clothed from me "
down. with basket on his head -
another, also half-clothed-all in No.
toward the left. The whole y 49,.
duced by simple lines scratched " ~.
stone. and the effect obtained s s"
ingly good Or. f. ID. Cope. "
University OF Pennsylvania. even \,
lures 10 make some suggestions .S
the species OF the two animals
twenty-three contains a piece or eal'
apparently from Naram-Sin I'D l.h,
and beautifully finished. PhoiosiDt.s
are also given OF one OF tho -
found, OF an enormous vase ofnaii
with rope-like rings. at regular in'.,," 49,
OF the first stage OF the tower oul' -
Ur-gur on the platform OF Nara, ~
and OF the general appearance "
ruins.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21

1Oc. a yard-li pieces Neat, Noboy
Checks and Plaids. worth from L II to
25c a yard. ,,,,,.,
70 i-2c. a yards pieces Double-Width
Mixed Dress STUFF. very stylish and popu-
lar; usual price. IS 2-3c. GO.
&c. yard-About II pieces Scotch
Mixed Sutings Boucles and Rough Bou-
rettes. all marked at once price. every
pattern Of them worth soc. yard.
81 1-2c. a yard-AnOther line Of fremch
and German Fancy Dress Novelties. Inc
usual price on these goods IS from % 10
q &c. e,.t.
AZ l-2c. a yard-Au-Wool Vigeraux suit
ing. This goods has taken well, ana one
look at them will convince you mat IL Is
the biggest bargain you ever heard OF.
i9c. a yard will buy Monday three pieces
of Iress Goods that every lazy oush1
to see that wants an odd skirt, IN Biue,
Green. and Brown Checks. beautlu'
25c. yard-96-lnch Serge, in Blue;
Brown, and Green, Red and Garnet CAN
wool) -
Soc. yard will buy in this sale one
piece of Mohair, Navy Blue, that SOLD ior
81 l-2c. a yard. -.
REMNANTS DRESS GOODS BELOW
COST
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21

2, ooo ner annum of the income should be
used I'm assisting feeble Presbyterian
churches in Georgia. ,,,.
The people of the Independent PresDy-
terrain church are from the elite OF Sa-
vannah. and are a loyal, jealous congie-
cation. The Rev. DR.. Robert +. Kerr
was for some years one of their pastors
having resigned his position there hiteen
DIR, Fair expects to go down this week
~ Savannah to visit the city and church
neither of which he has ever seen Du'
his many friends in Richmond VIII earn
estIy hope that he will decide not ''
leave the capital of the Old Dominion.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21

lOc a yard-Cream. Pink. Lavender and
Idght-Blue Albatross and Nuns Neiling'
These goods never sold for less than DC
a yard.
soc. yard-Small Check Fancy
Vigeraux. all the latest colors, full "
inches wide worth 75c. a yard
GOc. a yard-Fancy Nigereaux Suiting'
full A inches wide in all the latest color
ings. and nice for tailOr-made SUITS. e
have only limited quantity, and n you
contemplate dress-buying come ara see
these and bring sample with you tnat
others charge 81 lie. for. and buy ours
for 60c a yard.
81 1-2c. a yard-Full 46-inch Cork-Screw,
in Green, Tan, and Gray. that sold Tor
.l25.
COO. a yard-Silk and Wool Scotch Mixed.
Immense variety OF styles. This Is nigh
Grade dress goods: these are sometimes
sold for 81 % a yard.
soc. a yard-A nice line Of 46-inch SIX
and Wool and ATWOOD Checks that cost
to import 81 l-2c. a yard, and retailed by
others for 81 25 a yard. We have placed
this whole lot for Monday at Soc. yard.
Don't miss this bargain.
REMNANTS DRESS GOODS BELOW
COST
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21
White Goods.

15c. White Pique, with Black dot, &C.
zoe. Dotted Swiss. II lie.
Special offering in White Goods to-nor-
row Monday). We will sell them as long
as they last The quantity and lots are
very small. We doubt If there Will De
enough fer all day.
lie. Dlmities, 30 inches wide, stripes ana
poe Apron Muslin. 40 inches wide, lOc.
5Oc Fieece-Lined Pique, 25c.
S1-3c. Checked Muslin, &c.
Y lie. Check Muslin. 1-3c.
15c. Pink Organize, s l-3c.
zoe. Organdie. in Green, Blue, and
Lavender. II l-2c. "a
81 White Grenadine, yards wide soc.
Seven lots White Goods. These lots are
very small, but they are the biggest BAR
gains you ever saw:
Lot No. IA 1-2c. yard for SC. White
India Linen.
Lot No. % 1-4c. yard for 1Oc. White
India Linen.
Lot No. 30 lie a yard for 14c. White
India Linen.
Lot No. 81 lac. yard for l5c Whlte
India Linen.
India Linen.
Lot No. 7-S1-2c. a yard for zoe. White
India Linen.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21

orders for printing sent TO the Dispatch
Company will be given prompt attention.
and the style OF work and prices wiz bs
sure to please you
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21
rrIr FOOD FOR CATTLE.

..Ntr c,rd has from 500 to 200 head OF
oattlc In his corrals all the time. IL Il Noiy
easv TO discover the effects or TINS ~ ~.
bv examining the cattle and the Time W. r7,
have been eating this pulp. me Woi % - ~
A~tyono COWS and steers Will, IN IlOIli
80. - r,netv DAYS. make good beef. He
,,1al-ee no effort TO sell these CATTLE pus
- cr-oe here. take them by the corIai'
a,a nav half a cent more per pouhu tii'"
tbev do for any other kind OF catue .n"'
49, been fed-any other way. Ihey claiil
~ nulp-fed cattle make firner' ten
derer' and better colored beer. -.
"Hogs have been fed on SUGAR -, 49,
here. and have done well Inc raw 49, a.
-,,tb the tons. are worth, II IS clalmeu' III
- eeid about g per ton for hog 1eed' de-
',5ing of course, upon the price ol
pork- .r,,,,,, u,atcbed the
..oiiro ~ beets to hogs and used the pork
. ,terv,ards. say that Il makes IL as solle
ond firm as that from corn-fed mugs u
Iowa o,,,oDv
TO BI1TrD A PICKLE-FACTOfA.
81 think sugar-beet raising has been
reduced 10 a better business proposl u to VI,
on the Chino plantation than IN any otneI
~ the localities that ! have visited Whele
there are sugar-factories' alsV sll,1,,
~ n,tln product from the factory Is nlaue
move valuable. This is largely due now
go IA the very industrious interest,"
tai,en IN the business by Mr. Glrd MN
seIf think beets are raised mere Oh
an average for 920-tbat Is largely o"iis
IN tha special machinery eontrlVea anu
NM into practical use by Mr.. Giro 90 ial
% the factory here is concerned, as
have said before, they have graduaIiy IN
oraased the factory until they nave no"
tacilities for treating 500 tons OF Deets
day They have erected what Is known
90 the Stefens process, at cost OF
Stso 600 Tor treating one Of the by-pro-
J,,.,s fsvrur0 Of the factory. / am IN
elinad 10 believe that small stin con-
sa.,ad with the factory whereby to con-
Yer, this syrup into vinegar would Dc
80, ,,ore profitable. The Alvarado fac
49, dispoees OF it's syrup 10 the
,snsear manufacturers in san Francisco
and IL nets TO the factory, am ihcnileo
10 helieye. fully as much as Is reailzeu
haro from undertaking TO get sugar ou'
of 81 m a crystallized form There Is q
nian on foot. which 1 believe Is headed
bv Mr.. Grid, and which assures its sue
ceas 10 build a pickle-factory at Chino
,rhis would be successful at Sacramento
for no county furnishes better soil toI
raLslne cucumhers, cauli1ower, beans
on,ons and there are now some olives
and will be more in that neighborhood
No doubt considerable of the vinegar
could be sold at wholesale nom 50 I'M
nortant a distributing point az Sacra
rnento Then some alcohol can be maze
for use in the oils
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21

25c. a yard-One piece Navy-Blue SergA
wide wave. cost TO manufacture 81 l-lc.
soc. a yard--One piece Nayy-Blue Storm
Serge, wide wave. regular value. 81.
25c. yard-All-wool 50-lnch Flannsl.
in Brown. Blue. Green. Gray and Garnet.
You will wonder how we can sell these
SOC. goods for 25c. a yard.
All the New Shades in Ladies Cloth
and Broadcloth, 80 inches wide, at "a &c.,.
and 81.
36-inch Cream Serge, all wool. 80.
yard
Only three Of those Fine Imported
Dress Patterns left, and the price has
been cut In half.
Velvet and Plush. lSc. yard.
l lot of Plush that cost from &c. % q
yard to buy, only for Monday. Gee. a
yard.
Soc yard will buy any shade OF re.
Velvet we have Monday.
REMNANTS DRESS GOODS BELOW
COST.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21

SOC. Wash Silks. 25c
Taffeta silks. 2lc.
zoe. Wash Silks. in all the new checks
35c TT. .,
81 Foulard silks, ACC. The quality and
price cannot be matched; r,,-
75c Brocaded Changeable SILKS, 59c. rms
&c tba BIGGEST silk bargain YOU ever saw.
csc. Figured Changeable SILK, selling
everywhere for Is and SIC.
39c a yard for SEC Drapery silks.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21
LETTER OF MR.. GRID,

eye writes under date Of May To- 1873
we began giving away the pulp from
Tho heets when we first started TINS rae
tory. but soon after began to sen II
as II came from the diffusers at - per
tom. We put some Of 1t away IN slio'
covered with lime paste, and sofa that
Of 50 per ton, but finding II selling so
rapidly al that price. and wanting 10
teen some over until next September
we raised the price TO - per ton II
sold none the less rapidly, and II was
soon exhausted. 1t proved n much more
valuable food than we or any one mere
exnected. The best results appeareu
when fed 10 mich COWS. In no instance
did IL show an increase OF less tiiaii
half a gallon OF milk, and in many cases
Two or three gallons per day, WITHIN zen
dovs after being fed. Sheep ana iaiilps
also dId well. We had no trial win DeeI-
cattle hence we are DESTROYS 10 KNOW
vour results. / know when l 1ed ths
min 10 some milch cows already urlVu
nm so that we might fatten them II
Storted the flow of milk again, and we
had 10 abandon the idea OF Iat'ehlis
them. and did not until the pulp was
oxbaustpd'
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-03-21
Go1oT@d Dress GOO
We Invite Inspection. We Urge Comparison


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