davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03
EVOLUTION OF THE UMBRELLA.
From the Old-Time Whalebone
Spreader to the Bow Channel Steel.

! New York Sun: Forty years or so ago
umbrellas were made with stretchers or
/ bows of whalebone. These bows were
/ rather bulky in themselves, and they
were apt to get little permanent bend
from long use so that they bulged when
/ the umbrella was rolled up; making the
/ big, baggy umbrella familiar to middle
a-ed and older people, and occasionally
still seen, though on the stage oftener
! than in real life
| With the introduction of petroleum into
general use as an Illuminating oil. and
the consequent and very general abandon
ment of the use of whale oil, came the
decline of the whaling industry. Fewer
and fewer vessels went after whales. be-
cause there was less and less demand
far the oil.
OF course, the supply of whalebone de-
creased with the supply of OIL but the
price did not, nor did the demand. There
are still some uses for which whalebone
/ is considered most desirable, and with
constant demand and decreasing supply
the price of whalebone steadily advanced,
as it has continued to do. Whalebone
soon became too costly to permit OF its
further use for umbrella SpreaderS, and
substitutes for it were sought for this
use, as there were for other uses in which
whalebone had been employed. Steel was
the substitute generally used in umbrella
stretchers. AT first a slender, round,
tempered steel rod. With these slender
bows the umbrella could be more snugly
rolled and the old baggy umbrella began
to disappear and the modern tight-rOller
to take its place.
Then came umbrella bows of light steel
rolled in Y shape, and then, in the quest
for a still tighter roller, umbrella handles
were made of brass. Steel would have
been cheaper, but there had then been
discovered no satisfactory method of
brazin- steel tubes such as are used in
umbrella handles. There is such
method now. however, and umbrella
handles of steel tubing are now made in
| great numbers.
And nowadays many spreaders are
made of steel, rolled channel-shaDed. In
cross section this spreader is shaped
something like a capital letter e without
a tongue, and the ribs of the umbrella
the steel rods that run from the sliding
ferrule. or runner it is called, on the
handle of the umbrella, by means of
which the umbrella is spread-are so at
| tached and adjusted to the spreaders that
they shut into the channels when the UNI
| hraIia Is closed.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03

should have appeared in many brow
Said an east bound traveller in a prai-
RE schooner one day last summer: I
guess you don't really known exactly
what il means not to have anything
to eat and no way to get it, do you?
We known what it was, and if it had
not been for my wife L guess we would
all have been planted up there on the
plains of Rocks county. l was in bed
with a fever for six weeks and she
took care of the horses and cows be-
sides caring for me. She walked to
the village twice a week because We
had no wagon and the horses were
wild and hard to ride. She gave music
lessons TO the minister's daughter-she
had a good education back in Ken
tucky-and spent the 80 cents for some
thing to eat. Once the minister's wife
had no money in the house and asked
her to wait until the next week. She
was afraid of losing the place and
did it, but we lived on corn meal and
water all that time. Maybe you think
we didn't have a time when the whole
dollar came in at once. Why we had
coffee and sugar for dinner. and it
braced me up so that 1 recovered. 1t
is all over now, but | can't help think
ing that my wife was the angel of the
ranch that winter" These experiences
have been not uncommon, and the very
frequency of them has dulled the SEN
sibilities of those who have seen them.
@ 8 9
One of these DAYS there will be a
proper picture drawn of the settlers
wife and it will do her justice. 1t viii
not show her whining and worrying
under the Universities of the life Incl
dent to experiments in the opening of
new lands. Ii will make her strong.
the right hand assistant-Or mOTe-Of
the husband; sometimes alone with the
family on her hands while he whom
she loved and trusted is sleeping under
the level reach of Sod out on the plains,
but always meeting the trials of the
day with infinite patience and trust.
She has made many a home a success
that would have otherwise been a fail
ure. Easier times are coming 10 the
settlers wife in these latter days, and
she deserves them. If the west fails
to honor her for the part she played
in the building of its institutions and
the fighting of it's battles, it will prove
decidedly ungrateful. But it viii not
forget.-C. NJ. Harger in Chicago
Herald.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03
A Sisterly Remedy.

New York Sun: There are more
ways of killing a dog than by hanging
him, and there are more ways of cur
ing a man than by giving him medi-
cine. At least there is another way of
restoring a feminine invalid to health
and strength, if the experience of a
certain young woman of this city is
10 count for anything. .'''
This young woman is a most attrac-
tive creature, bright, pretty, amiable.
Any man might be proud to win her.
but no one has succeeded so far. She
has a married sister, however and has
often expressed a fondness and adj
miration for her brother-in-law in en-
thusiastic terms. All of which is a
part of the story.
Not long ago the married sister had
serious Illness, and the young woman
did = large and devoted share of the
nursing. Everything that care and
medical skill could devise was done for
the invalid, but she remained an in
valid in spite of it all. Day after day
she grew feebler, and day after day
she limited more strongly that she was
not long for this world. The young
woman. of course, bolstered up her sis
ter with encoura cement and tOnics
three times a day, but the sister still
insisted that it wasn't any use Finally
she got TO a point where she was so
very low in her mind that she called
the young woman TO her bedside one
day, and in a voice choked with emo
ton. she said:
Don't try to hide it from me any
longer, Grace, It's got TO. come and
I'm reconciled-or ] hope / am. But
before 1 go 1 want you to promise me
one thing"
Now, stop talking such nonsense" "
gently chided the young woman You
are going to all right soon. All you
need is another bottle of tonic and a
good brace"
The sister feebly shook her head.
You mean it all right, but you don't
/ know. l tell you l am going to die and
/ there is a dying request have to make
of you"
woman, humoring her sister for the
time.
'It's-its about Ned beginning to
! sob weakl-- Ned was her husband, by
the way. Il want you'll want you-to
| look after-him-and see that-he ism t
-isn't-oh, too miserable-you know.
| Promise mel ask it as-my last re-
quest-that you-will look after-Nedp'
and the unhappy wife wept bitterly
The young woman was really deeply
affected, but she had flash of inspir-
alton and she said briskly, almost
. gayly:
Don't you worry about Nedi I'll see
that he doesn't go out of the family.
The invalid started. dashed away her
/! tears and gazed at her sister as If she
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03
A Breton Custom.

In Brittany quaint and very beau
tifuI custom, of Christmas giving is still
preserved from verv ancient times
When the country folk go to the mid
night mass, the opening mass of
Christmas day. they all carry lanterns
TO light them on their way. Upon their
arrival at the church they give their
lanterns over to the poor old women
of the parish, who are gathered in a
crowd outside the church awaiting
them.
The worshiDers enter the sacred
building and then attend to the devo-
tiOns. which the church teaches should
be of especial fervor at this holy
season. But when the mass is ended
and they are dismissed with the bene-
diction they come forth 20 find the
patient old women awaiting them out
side the church bearing the lanterns.
The lanterns are given back to their
owners. and as each takes his own he
exchanges for it a piece OF money. The
value OF the pieces varies. but the
aims is always considerable. and it
stands as an exponent of that charity
which the church teaches to its chill
fran
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03
Bit of Family History.

Here follows a chapter of family bis
tory contributed to the Mayfeld Mirror
by Colonel D. NJ. Orr of Graves county.
Ky: My gTeat-grandfather lived to
be 105 years and months old. Both Of
my grandfathers died in their eighty
first year. and my wife's grandfathers
died in their eighty-first year. My
father is still living, agen SO years Z
have had three uncles to die in the past
five years in their eighty-first year
My father and four of his brothers and
sisters married on the 18th day of tho
month. l have had four near relatives
killed in battle and one by the cars.
had one aunt killed by being thrown
from horse; one uncle, his wife. and
five children died in five years"
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03

when the failure of rain spoiled his
plans and left the mortgage without a
reedemer, he was discouraged and
blamed the government. His wife had
been selling the yellow pats of butter
and the baskets of eggs and supported
the family. So at last he concluded
that maybe she was right, and is now
testing the theory of smaller and
surer things with hattering results. 1t
is not quite so glorious. perhaps, but
il is a good deal more satisfactory.
1t is the way to the permanent pros
perity that the west must master be-
fore it comes to the full fruitage Of its
hopes.
8 @ o
But the settlers wife has done other
things. She has had the brunt of the
burden on the high prairies where the
rain did not come at all and the LONG
days of summer were but the waiting
time before moving black east to the
wife's folks" as it was often called
1t took the bloom out of the cheeks
of many a sweet girlish face and
brought the wrinkles sooner than they
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03

clouds of dust to which this little pro-
cess gives rise. Where this method is
followed, stockings may often be
worn for three days without discom-
fort. However, if one prefers TO wash
out her stockings in her own room,
very nice pine forms are now provided
upon which 10 dry them.
In buying hose it is always we'll to
get them longer than the foot, and
one should never fail upon taking off
the shoe TO pull the stocking free from
the toes and the bottom of the foot.
This will save many a darn. Another
very good point is to always wash
the stockings before ever wearing
them. This shrinks the thread and in
creases their durability by a very
large per cent. MARIAN DEPEU.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03

or even three such rows of pockets ac-
cordiDg 10 the width of material. The
back of each is a sachet of orris root
Stockings when clean should be rolled
not foIded-and slipped into these
delicately perfumed receptacles.
It is we'll to leave at the bottom
space enough for a little darning out
fit. Two or three crosses of ribbon
afford compact little pockets in which
to slip cards of darning cotton, a leaf
or two of flannel feather stitched on
serve for the different sized needles.
while a couple of straps of ribbon will
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03

easily hold the scissors in place. BY
the addition of pretty ribbons these
convenient cases are all ready to be
rolled and slipped into the travelling
bag or trunk when occasion requires.
OF course every pair of hose must
be prettily marked and carefully
identified as to its mate. The prevail
ing taste is to embroider the first
name, Mary" for example in outline,
and after it embroider a little flower
Twin violets may keep one pair to-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03
yether, forgetmenots another. daisies

gether, forgetmenots another. daisies
another and so on.
1t is always desirable where possible
to have a fresh pair of hose every
day, and I know some women who
prefer washing a pair every night to
putting them on for the second time
without washing. However, where this
does not seem feasible. it is a very
good plan to turn the stockings wrong
side out and give them a good brush
ing and a lively shake before putting
them on. One who tries this for the
first time will be surprised at the
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03
Fountain Pens Old

AS long ago as 1924 fountain pens were
in USE for in that year Thomas Jefferson
saw a contrivance of this sort. tried it,
and wrote to General Bernard Peyton of
Richmond, asking him to get one of
tube of silver, and according to Jeffer-
sons letter the maker was a Richmond
watch repairer named Cowan. Price. he
understood. was hvepence. The first
American patent for fountain pen was
granted in 1880 TO one douglass HYDE
but the earliest English patent was issued
q years before.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03

tude in taste, however, is allowed for
the perfume. Orris root it is, orris root
it must be--so saith the prophet.
These cases may be made to hold 4,
or L pairs of hose as one may wish.
Indeed it is an advantage to have
them of different sizes. To make such
a case you have only to take an OBJ
long piece of material and crossways
its length, fasten four pockets of a
size to exactly accommodate the stock
ings when rolled. There may be TWO
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03
The New Year.

Time to start another page;
Cares are disappearing;
New ones must our minds engage,
Ninety seven S nearing
Maybe. then. We'll get a chance
To wade knee-deep in clover,
And not be worried DER finance,
When the new leaf gets turned over.
Times have been exceeulng strange;
Let the fact be needed;
Every one agrees at change
Is the thing that's needed.
May the Venezuelan line
And the Spanish rover
Vanish in perspective fine
When the new leaf gets turned over.
Washington Star.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03
Not Persons Of Good WIN.

New York Sun: This is the time
of year when we are assured
that we should cultivate peace
on earth. good will to men. :"
But the theory is considerably weak
ened when we reflect that the true rem
dering of the text is: Peace on earth
TO those of good will" Now, Spaniards
and the like are not persons of good
viii. So it behooves US to be possessed
of holy wrath, even at the Christmas
season
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03

could not believe that she had heard
Alright.
What do you mean?" she de-
manded.
I'm keep him where 1 can take care
of him. dear That'll be all right Don't
you worry"
The invalid stared for minute. then
she said in a business-like tone:
You mean thingi I'll see that you
don't" and with that she began q
rapid recovery.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03

Irregularity. Is that what troubles
you? Then it's easily and promptly
remedied by DR.. Pierce's Pleasant Pei
let's They regulate the system per-
fectlv Take one for a gentle laxative
or corrective; three for cathartic.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03
A New Fad.

The newest fad in autograph books is
one of cooking recipes. Each formula
written in the book has the signature
of the contributing friend under it.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03

Brilliant Combination of Color, Irrid
escent Bladings and Roman
Stripes Are Very Popular-A New
and Conamodious Stocking Case.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1897-01-03
SMART HOSIERY.

THE TRIUMPH OF SCOTCH PLAID
AT THE STOCKING COUNTER.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1897-07-31

) 90 1868 05
8 1900 90
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1897-01-19
Two Good STORIES.

Sir John Lubbock had couple OF
very amusing stories to tell recent
ly in distributing the prizes at q
school in the city road He said he
was only cognizant Of single in
stance where anyone>derived an adj
vantage from being badly grounded
in arithmetic. That was the case of
the old lady who secured a ticket
numbered "a in a lottery, because
she had thrice dreamt that seven
would be a lucky number. She cal
culated that three sevens made "a;
curiously this ticket won big
prize. The other story was one of
Sir John Lubbock's own nieces de-
scribing air as consisting Of
Oxygen and Cambridgen"-West-
Minister Gazette.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1897-01-19
THIS AND THAT.

Japan has not only ceased i'm
porting beer, but is now exporting
it to China.
The question of a century cele-
bration of the death of Edmund
Burke is being mooted in Ireland
-Orizaba, Mexico, is to have
$4,000, 900 cotton factory. The
capital has been subscribed in
Europe.
-Sixty-one thousand two hun
dred and twenty-six immigrants
landed in the Argentine republic
during the year 1895.
Victoria, Australia, has turned
out 586,512 ounces of gold during
the last nine months, an increase of
81, 200 ounces over last year.
AT the recent art exhibition in
Berlin Italy was represented by 105
artists, who won five gold medals
and sold twenty eight pictures for
SIT, 900.
-Corks for bottles were first
manufactured in Spain aud Italy
some time during the fourteenth
century. Corkscrews were con-
temporaneous with eorks.
The days OF the barmaid in South
Australia are numbered. BY a re-
cent act of parliament she will
automatically cease to exist in the
colony on June 30, 1892
German Southwest Africa, a
tract of over 100000 square kilo-
meters, had last year only 79O adult
male Germans in the whole terri
tory, and of these nearly 800 were
in uniform.
One of the humors Of London
dinner party at which Sir Henry Irv-
ing, Mr.. Wyndham and other ac-
tors of note were present was Sir
Frank Lockwood's remark that
factors are the most popular per-
sons in the realm, with the single
exception of professional Jockeys"
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1897-01-19
BREYITTEs OF FUN.

-"Git a mornin' pa-a-a- perw
yelled the newsboy 'All bout the
battleship Texas not sinkin' yister-
dayr Chicago Tribune.
-"Have you steam heat2" asked
the prospective tenant And the
janitor, who had been through a
revival, could only answer: I'VE
have steam pipes. indianapolis
Journal.
I'VE girls are getting up Sc
cret society of our own, said Lulu.
Indeed; what's the object2" said
George. II don't know yet; but
I'll tell you all about it after I'm in
itiated. "-Tit-Bits.
-"Well," said the young re-
porter, you should be very careful
about firing me-. "Why so2" quoth
the city editor. Because I have
so much penetration. Then they
gave him charge of the humorous
page in the Sunday supplement. =
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The Doctor Mrs. Brown has
sent for me to go and See her boy,
and l must go at once" His Wife
What is the matter with the
boy2" The Doctor-'T don't know;
but Mrs. Brown has a book on
What to Do Before the Doctor
Comes, and / must hurry up before
she does it. Household Words.
When they told her that the
young man whose suit she had re-
iected the previous evening had
hanged himself to the gate post di-
rectly he left her, the beautiful girl
shrugged her shoulders. 1T isn't
my fault" she said coldly. 81
specifically told him he mustn't think
of hanging around here any more.
Detroit Tribune.
Ibid he act upon my sugges-
tion?" demanded the king in the
drama. The courier hesitated.
'Speakl Tell me the worst" swell,
1 suppose you might call it acting"
faltered he who bore the tidings.
Stepping to the front of the stage,
they presented their athletic special
ty, to which the tragedy of the
evening was merely preliminary. -
Detroit Tribune.
"A Matter for the Future. -
Eyes" remarked the proud father
whose tastes are musical, "he's the
finest baby the neighborhood has
ever seen. l don't rely on my own
prejudiced opinion in making the
statement. My wife says the same
thing" "Are you going to make
musician of him?" "Oh, it's alto
gether too early to decide that. His
hair hasn't begun to grow yet. -
Washington Star.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1897-01-19
A FRENCH BATTALION.
The Ofrcer's Presence OF MIND
Saved Three Hundred Lives.

In consequence of the recent
murder of a French officer in south
ern Algeria, the military authorities
decided to reinforce the garrison in
that part of the colony, and for this
purpose company of 300 men of
the Second African battalion left
Ghordia for Golea. While the column
was marching through the mount
ainous district between Metlib and
Bordjsebeb, in a deep ravine, a
tremendous fall of rain came on.
The downfall was so heavy that the
troops we're unable to climb the
slippery rocks, and were obliged to
remain in the ravine. The rain con-
tinued to fall in sheets, and the men
were soon up to their chests in
water. To add to their difficulties
strong current was formed by
water rushing from the upper to
the lower end of the ravine. MANY
would have been swept away but
for the presence of mind Of the Of
6cer in command, who ordered his
men to hold on to each other and
form in square, so as to present
the utmost possible resistance to
the current. The order was carried
out with some difficulty. After the
company had remained three hours
in this position the water subsidized
sufficiently to enable the march to
be resumed. Westminster Gazette.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1897-01-19
THE PROBLEM NOT NEW.
HorssIess Carriages in England Six
tY-Eive Years Ago.

1T is interesting to remember that
nearly 50 years ago horseless car
riages showed every sign of being
the common method of travelling in
London and the surrounding neigh
borhood, for although at that time
restrictions had been put upon
steam carriages in the country,
these vehicles were quite familiar
sight in the metropolis. The inven-
tor was Mr.. Walter Hancock, a
Stratford man, who in 1881 brought
out an omnibus of his own design,
which was both elegant and in &C
cordance with the comfort of trav-
elers. Companies were very soon
formed to work the new idea" the
object of one being to run from Pad
dington to Brighton, and Hancock
contracted to supply the necessary
rolling stock.
In few years coaches were regu-
larly running from the city to most
of the important suburbs, but owing
to bad management the concerns
did not last very long. In 1885 the
journey from London to MARI
borough as miles, was performed at
the average speed of seven and one
half miles an hour, and the journey
to Birmingham was accomplished in
a much faster average time (about
ten miles,. This was not the highest
speed that could be attained, how
ever, for the records state that
vehicle carrying number of pas
sengers travelled a mile along one of
Londons principal thoroughfares at
the rate of FL miles an hour. 1t is
well, perhaps, that this speed was
only maintained for one mile, for
even in 1886 it was dangerous rate
of travelling. No fewer than IL, 700
passengers were carried over 4, 900
miles by steam IN the last few
months of 1886. -Westminst ter Ca
Zatta
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1897-01-19
Professors Salaries.

When the University of Chicago
was started it was thought good
policy to secure eight or ten of the
best men in the country by offering
them the unprecedented salary of
81, 900, But aside from the few men
thus favored for special reason at
the beginning, other salaries have
been fixed upon about the scale that
obtains at Yale, Harvard and half a
dozen other first-class institutions.
In other words, So, 600 is the maxi
mum that any instructor may hope
to reach, while the rank and file of
the men are paid from $1,000 to
81. 500.