davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

In Iemodeling the judiciary system
of Louisiana, it would be well not to
forget the parish judgship plan. 1t
might be arranged to give every parish
judge and States attorney, and have
away with keeping prisoners in jazz for
months at time awaiting trial before
a district court. t..-Weekly Town TalR
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

a movement ia on foot again to
place General John B. Gordon in the
gnOernat0rial chair of Georgia. The
general has positively declined to be-
ZONE !. candidate, but he May yield to
M'6 Wishes of his friends. The Confe0-
oaale veterans would give the gallant
Renafai any Office he would ask for, be-
vaase - they have tried him and know
tue stuff that is in him.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

!. Printers in need Of good newspaper
press can get one at bargain by ap-
plying at this Office soon. R. Hoe u
Go. make; will print an 8-column folio !;
is IN fine condition can be seen 10 oper-
alton; and will be sold at half original
cost.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

The St. Landry Homestead and Loan
Association is purely mutual, belonging
entirely to its stockholders and run
solely in thei ir interests. Each member
is Il partner in the business, and the Of
ficers have the right to expect hearty
CO. operation from every partner.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Spring and summer goods are being
received every day at Fred L. Sandoz,
for ladies, gents, misses and children.
Call around and ask the clerks to show
them to you. Different styles and differ
ent colors. YOU are bound to find some
20 sujt YOU.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Parties having personals or other items
Of interest who wisl, mention Of them
in these columns, should call 80 drop
us note through the post.4fice. al
ways giving their real namg as guar
anty Of good faith.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

All interested in the organiza tion of a
Chapter of the Daughters of the Con-
federacy, to take place this evening at
SSandoz Opera House at o'clock, are
invited to be present-on which Occa-
sion the election of officers will take
place.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

It's amusing TO newspaper people to
see how some of the medical fraternity
stand up to their cbins in medical eth
les, but manage to advertise themselves
without putting in an advertise
ment or paying the p'inter.--Town
{ (A.exandlia) Talk.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Wonder if it amt about time for you
to read good paper9 Try the OPE-
LoUsAs COURIER. No office holding
syndicate or political joint stock COM
pany controls it's columns. Nobody
bosses this ranch but its owner. 50
per year.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

An old Confederate soldier with Is
years experience as teacher of French,
English and Spanish, desires situation
in school or private family. Terms
reasonable. Address Prof. l.. [. Mon
tamat. Box 46, Abbeville, Vermiiion
Parish, La.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

B. F. Perley, ginwright, is now ope-
rating in this parish, and anyone wish
ing his services, will have their orders
promptly attended to by dropping him
d note through the Opelonsas post
Office or COURIER Office.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

yn last Monday evening A crowd
saa gathered at Armand Brignac's
',a..s mm.skey shop in Tate's Cove; and as
dsaas ;san indnlged freely in sire water" A
nspuse ,a arose between a young man
ahhasa ahons Y, Yldrine and BENZ. BrigDac
sna.;1 Sonas tlle reaching Of horses tail. re-
gVi,s,ng ViSs;g ID fist fight during which
stn.r ss.lne stabbed Brignac. Same old
~ No. y, TOO much- whiskey makes q
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

The N. 0. States, a newspaper that is
now roasting with National Paimerites,
put every Democratic newspaper in
Louisiana, that has not abused Sena-
tor McEnery, in the Populist class.
We would much rather take political
teaching from Senator McEnery than
the States. Weekly (Alexandria) Town
Toltr
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31
NOTICE OF ADMINIsTRATION

ESTATE OF MARIE FAYDETTE SOILEAU,
Widow Of Andre II. Deshotes.
No. 546S.
PROBATE DOCKET, DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF ST. LANDRY.
Whereas, Etienne Fuselier, of the parish of
st. Landry, has applied by his petition to he
appointed administrator of the estate OF Marie
Fayette SOileau, deceased;
Therefore, any person intending to make OPP
position to said appointment will file the snlne
in writing, in my office, in the town OF Opelou-
sas, within ten days from the present notice.
ALFRED PAVY,
July 81, 1897. ct Clerk.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

NOTICE-There will he services at
the Church of the Epiphany, Opelousas,
on the 3id Sunday of each month at 4:3O
O'clock p. m. in June and at II o'clock a.
IN. in July and so on alternately. Rev.
w. S. Stack, Pastor.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31
NOTICE

ed this day by mutual consent. L. A. sandoz
retires from the OPELoUsAs COURIER. and the
printing and publishing business of the paper
account All bills against the late concern will
be settled on presentation at the COURIER Of
fice and all parties indebted to same are re-
quested to call and settle without delay.
LEONCE SANDOZ.
l.. A. SANDoZ.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Postmaster General McGary. who is
the only Southern man i'm President
Mckinley's Cabinet, says the appoint
ment OF postmasteIs at the South is a
social as we'll as political question
therefore, he has decided as to the poll
cy of his department that colored post
masters will not be appointed in any of
the important Southern town or cities.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

D. X. Breazeale, the we'll known mill
wight, will make Opelousas his head
quarters for some time to come, and is
prepared to undertake any work in his
line. Orders through the postoffice will
have prompt attention.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Journalism is IL noble profession
when manhood Yields the pencil. But
when policy, and especially political
policy, controls its utterances. then
there is no condition of busy life more
observation-disclosures Progress.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

w.ine w.ie vicksburg Herald, in it's Cooper's
~ !. n,ls column has this to say of our
soang District Judge:
IN. hMong the prominent guests who
G;sAele we note Judge
iss.a i.ooss Dupr6, Of La, one of the most
M sSIn0ea and highly polished judges of
'ns otate, by the way.n
n.rspxm spm which it would seem that Judge
III tao eas 2 appreciated abroad as we'll as
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

NOTICE.-Our town subscribers who
have heretofore been getting the
COURIER by carrier are notified that
they will receive the paper hereafter
through the Opelousas pOstOfticc.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Bonnet takes photographs, does en-
larging and copying, makes crayons and
pastels, and will give you first class
work at the lowest prices. See adver-
tisement.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

The partial eclipse of the sun came
of Friday morning as scheduled. The
weather was exceptionally clear and.
bright. and our people had Il beautbnr
view of it.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. - Services
every second Sunday at II a. m. and 7:45
o. M. every fourth Sunday at 7:45 p. M;
Prayer meetings every Thursday night
H.AE !
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Crushed Fruits of all kinds at Smiths
City Drug Store.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Real bargains in Gents Furnishing
Goods and Clothing at Landau's, under
the Courier office. Call and see the new
and nobby styles just received.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Attention is called to the advertise
ment of Legal Blanks which appears
elsewhere in this paper. Remember, we
furnish these blanks at catalogue price.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

If you need Letter Heads, Note
Heads, Bill Heads or any other kind of
job work, give rs your order, and you
will be satisfied with our work and
Drice
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

II you contemplate buying a bycicle,
it would be we'll to investigate the
merits of the Lungren, of Cincinnati,
advertised in another column.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Bonnet will take any kind of picture
YOU want, in the best style and at low
est prices
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

We want all the printing you can give
IA and we will guarantee it to he done
we'll and cheap.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Call at Bonnet's Art Studio, on Main
St, opposite Theo. Chachere's residence
and see samples of bis work and how
cheap he is making portraits.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Pure white lead, ready mixed paints,
in all shades and c0loTs, and a full as
sortment of painters supplies at j. B.
Sandoz, cheap. 9.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Mr.. Belizaire Arnaud, one OF our old
est citizens, died near Arnaudville on
the 28th inst, at the age of SO years.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

No. 1903.
BY virtue OF a writ of seizure and sale issued
out of the Hon. the Eleventh Judicial p'trict
Court of the State of Louslana-in any Tor tho
Parish of st. Landry, in +7e all >en tiled and
numbered suit, and to me ditaure anfh have seiz-
ed and will proceed to sell ~ public auction TO
the last and highest bdddH, at the front, 1ylsor
of the Court House. ra the OF Ol-utusas,
i'll st. Landry parish, on
Saturday, Sept. 4, 1897,
at IL O'Clock a. H., the following described prop
erty, to-wit:
1. certain tract of land situated 1t Mallet,
in this parish, containing forty acres with ali
the buildings and improvements thereon
bounded on the north by the land of vendor
on the east by land of vendor, on the south by
land of Martel, and on the west by land of
- Guillory.
2. tract of land in Mallet woods, at Pot
Cove, in this parish. containing twenty ar
pents, bounded on the north by -, and
on the east by land of Mrs. BOudreau on the
south by land of LarOuille, on the west by
land of Achille Dcville.
Terms-casn,
To pay and satisfy the sum of Seven Hun
dred dollars, with eight per cent interest from
the 18th day OF May, A. d. 1898, and ten per
cent additional for attorneys fees on principal
and interest, and all costs of these proceedings
to be taxed
H. Fl. DESIIOTELS,
Sheriff of the Parish of St. Landry.
July 81, 1897.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

After being confined to his room, most
Of the time in bed, for ten days, our
editor "pulled out" last Wednesday alM
has got down to regular business again.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

The COURIER is prepared to do all
kinds of job work cheap for cash. Come
and let us tell you about it before you
90 elsewhere.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Jim Washington, an insane negro, was
brought here from Melville and placed
ip Jail for safe keeping.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31
TV0 DOLLARS A YEAR IN ADVANCE.
$1.OO for Six Months.
Ofn.LI1OUSAS:

Safety deposit boxes for rent at the
NJ. Landry State Bank.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

We will give one years subscription
to the Confederate Veteran and the
OPELoUsAs COURIER for So so a year in
advance.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

It's rumored that several animals
have died from charbon in the vicinity
Of OpeOusas lately.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Do yon want photograph, crayon or
pastel? Bonnet can furnish it jD the
highest style and at the lowest price.
See advertisement.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31
.e@ae

WANTED-To trade a large draft horse
for buggy horse. Apply to
FRED L. SANDoZ
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

A full line of house and carriage
paints, brushes, varnishes, oils, turpen-
I tine, window glass. etc, at j. B. San
dnz1s
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Smith wants no better compliment
for his soda than what everybody re-
marks about it: "The bottom of the
glass is reached to sOon."
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31
vD~S -

Latest designs In fancy cards, enve
opes, ETC., just received at this office.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

A nice lot of fresh dry goods, dress
goods, hats, shoes, notions, etc, just re-
ceived by Fred. l.. Sandoz. Cheap.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

At Bayou Chicot, La, Wednesday,
July 9th, at 55 minutes to 3 o'clock p,
M, SAM, infant son of Mr.. and Mrs. II.
L. Erlich, aged "a DAYS.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

For Sale-A secondhand carriage ir
good order will be sold very cheap
Apply at this Office.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Fresh eggs, chickens and all country
produce at Fred. L. Sandoz's.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31
49, .

For RENT.-A small residence con-
venient to the ice factory, oil mill, cot
ton compress and depot. Apply at this
office.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Are you subscriber to the COURIER
If not, why mott
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Crushed Peaches and Cream is all
the 90 at Smiths City Drug Store.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

See Skiles for cheap fencing, four
cars just received. 9
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

Proceedings Of political meet
x ings, obituary notices, cards of
thanks, etc, will be published. as
advertisements, and must be paid for. Parties
interested will please bear this in mind.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

, Read your home newspaper and-pay
for it.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

See Skiles for Brick, Lime and Sand.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31
MONEY TO LOAN.

OFFICE ST. LANDRY HOMESTEAD AND LOAN,
ASSOCIATION,
OPELOUsAs. Sept 10Th. 1899. {
The undersigned is authorized by the Board
OF Directors OF the St Landry Homestead and
Loan Association to offer to its members loans
at eight per centum. For particulars an.
ply to T.. D. ESTIL LETTE "t
President st. Landry H. & l., Assn.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31
NOTICE..

The subscriber has fine pasture for stock.
Bulsafd" place, situated between Opelousas
and Washington, which he offers to rent for 20
cents head per month, 1t Is well enclosed
also has, as agent, some very desirable country
property for sale on very reasonable terms;
some that can be exchanged for town property
Apply to- JAMES II. HOUSTON,
Apl. "a, '97. Opel0usas, La.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31
Died

Get our prices for job work.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31
GNERIFF,S SALE

DIR. VINCENT BOAGNI vs. MORRIS EOU-
DREAU.
No. 161O3. y
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31

st our prices for job work.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1897-07-31
VOL. XLIV.
OptIuusas 0,ourier.

PUBLISHED ON SATURDAY BY
T.EONC H - A N ID . Il.
The San Francisco call., 1897-06-25

Witness was asked as to Hoffman's
family affairs.
He was one of the happiest men in his
family that / know of, he said. "Al-
though be had a nurse, he insisted on
Washing and dressing his children every
morning. He was wrapped up entirely in
his business and in his family. The only
objection had TO Hoffman was that he
was proud OF himself and his success in
business. He seemed to think that any
one not having as much money as him
sell was not in the same category"
Attorney M. j. Platshek testified that
ne knew Hoffman did not get along we'll
with his mother-ln-law.
Stewart Merrill, photographer, Oak
land, displayed lot of photographs he
had taken of the blood marks, holes in
the wall and other evidences of violence,
e. L. Atkinson, the man who played
flgeFs system" for him at the track, was
called, and state ment which he had
prepared for the police was read to him,
and he assented that il was correct Fol-
lowing is the statement:
About one and a half years ago, on Tuesday
before the FIRE of Hoffman & Alexander. met
Iheodore Figel, and talking over business
Figel said that Hoffman said to him: ''The
pest business that could happen would be il
the store burned down" This remark told
10 my chum that / used to take lunch with
every day. We sang in church together for
seven years and rehearsed every Saturday
SfehlHB AT Z s0O ABOUT > O'Clock one mig II
one lardy member OF the choir came in
and said there was a big fire on Bush
ana Battery streets. NY ehum and ! both
Kicked each other and thought it very funny.
On May 3, 1896, as stoekbroker failed
ana was out of employment until Decem Der
10, when was asked by Theo If would go TO
the raeetrack to play for him on a salary.
Jumped at IL Being asked now about the
winnings, and speaking from memory, know
| paid him about $1,000 to $I40O December 81;
January 81 little short OF $4,000. About the
middle OF February l had TO go 10 Sacramento,
so did not do any more for Figel un til some
time In March, when used to make few bets
Tor MIN. They were not large, nor were the
winnings large. About his winnings after
that know, for ] saw the tickets on Ruinart
the second time the horse ran. The winning
amounted to about $1,000. Theo and have
been very close friends for fifteen years. He
met his wife at our house. This is given TO
June 5, 1897. e L. ATKINSON
He was questioned at length concerning
his relations with Figel. He said thai,
being out of employment, he jumped at a
proposition from Figel to play the races
under his (FigePs) direction on a salary
de had operated extensively, and iden-
tined large stack of checks given him by
figel from day to day, all of them rang
ing among the hundreds, TO be placed on
horses that Figel named. He had bet al
together about $4,000. He met FigeI every
evening at the telephone station at Mar
ket and Kearny streets and made his re-
ports, turning over the money if he made
winnings. He said he made net win
nlngs of $4,000 over all losses The largest
stake he had won was $780, He had en-
ployed Figel to make q bet for him once
about year ago.
When did you see Figel lastf" asked
the Coroner.
He was at my house this morning. 1
The San Francisco call., 1897-06-25
BOARD OF TRADE MAY ACT.
Conduct OF Chief Lees May Be the

Conduct OF Chief Lees May Be the
Subject of a Special Meeting.
The course taken by Chief Lees in the
conduct of this case has been the subject
OF much adverse comment and the feeling
has grown to such an extent that some
merchants have decided to bring the mat
ter before the City Board OF Trade.
Gentlemen prominent in wholesale cir
cles do not intend 10 allow the matter to
rest as it does now, and the aspersions
cast upon the late Isaac Hoffman in the
testimony given by Theodore Figel Tues
day have aroused deep indignation among
them.
Mr.. Rorhchild was seen last night, and
though 10th to impart information on the
subject said:
"At least forty prominent merchants
have spoken to me to-day about Chief
Lees attitude, and that the matter will
he brought before the Board of Trade, and
that the board will act officially is almost
a foregone conclusion. Nothing official
has been done as yet. The matter has not
been brought before the board, but the
feeling Is such that some recognition must
be given TO Chief Lees method of con-
ducting this case.
Isaac Hoffman's friends will not al
low such assertions to go uncontradicted.
As man, he was honorable; as mer-
chant, he was the soul of integrity, and
while not a spendthrift he knew how to
be generous TO friends in need. Nothing
in commercial circles that has occurred in
years has aroused such general indigna-
tlon as the reflections cast upon the char
The San Francisco call., 1897-06-25

ness did not know the young mans first
name. Witness said he had expressed TO
Chief Lees his belief shortly after the death
that ii was case of suicide, but he had
since changed his mind.
Mrs. Stevenson, who Keeps a store at IL
Powell street, rave some important testi-
mony about Thomas Atkinson having
used the telephone in her place upon one
occasion to telephone to Figel. She de-
MED that she had ever said that Atkinson
on that occasion had demanded $1,000 from
Figel.
NJ. H. Dreyfus, salesman for Hoffman.
Rothchild d Co, spent some time with
Mr.. Holman on the upper floor of the
building on the afternoon of June l. Hoff-
man was in excellent humor all day and
spoke OF proposed business trip TO
Fresno within a week or two.
Theodore kytka, photo-engraver and
pen-and-ink artist, appeared as an expert
with brand-new theory with regard to the
$500 receipt. Mr.. Louderback had taken
much interest in Mr.. Kyt1a as a witness.
urging the Coroner to call him ont OF his
turn presumably on account of that
young mans pressing engagements. The
Coroner refused 10 do this, but wnen the
Coroner finally did call his name the ex-
pert advanced with a complete surprise
for all parties. He said he had made a
careful examination of the receipt at the
instance of Rothchild d Ach aad for no
other persons, although ne chad been ap-
preached" by Mr.. LLOYD to do the same
in behalf of Figel. He then went on to
tell OF the evolution OF his theory in his
mind; how he had been at first impressed
by certain tremors and pen burrows that
the signature was forgery. He made n
enlarged photograph, but the weather was
bad and the result not satisfactory. His
study OF the photograph, however, further
confirmed him in the belief that the sig
nature was q very clever forgery. Mr..
Hoffman had q typical check signature
which differed from his other signature,
and the comparison was unfair. Witness
desired to place the signature under a
strong magnifying glass, and for that pur-
pose Mr.. Ach submitted the paper to him
on Sunday last.
Up to this point Mr.. Louderback and
those interested in the defense of Mr..
Figel, and who had been so anxious to
bring Mr.. Kytka forward. were showing
evidences of surprise and disheartenment,
and those who, because Of Mr.. Louder
backs interest, had not expected this sort
OF testimony plainly showed their equal
surprise but not less approval. But here
these conditions began to reverse them
selves.
Under the microscope Mr. Kytka saw
evidences in the pen burrows and such
things as to convince him that the sigma
ture could not have been forged by any
living penman. The up strokes, over
which the expert gloats, were all right.
They had been made with a swift conf
dence, such as no forger would have been
guilty OF. To be sure, there were certain
tremors at the end, but there were also
tremors in Mr.. Hoffman's own signature.
a forger writes slowly and is particular to
get in every peculiarity of the original,
and the disturbance on the surface Of the