The age-herald., 1897-10-24
AND
AMERICA.

l us marry, 2il1 yet in "a f0u4dIDout Way, 1 Spain was routed from the mainland. l Austna says shc must not be driven l from The sea. But Austria has no naval support, and SIlain significantly points
 to this fact. What ncttca, if any, Aus l tua and her allies would have taken relative to the South American WAT had
 not the pacific policy of England pre- valid fs bub speculative. Engllnd
 would neither permit France to strike
 Spain nor would she protest against tfhs 1 governments recognition of Spanish l Americans. About that time she With drew from the alliance, and in proof that | she was it's keystone it fell to pieces l George Canning shared with Henry Clay l the honor of calling new wond into
 being. If Austria ever had hopa thai
 she would profit in this country through
 the alliance 1t was blasted by Canning
 The history of Austria, with infre-
 quent intermissions. from -1769 up 10 the
 compact Of the Holy Alliance, is written l In the life of Bonaparte, and 1t is Bona l parts who so connects Austria with 1 America, though in a shadowy and doubtful way, as to render his agency
 in this respect of the very highest inn | portanee. It is necessary to glance at ! the relations of France and Austria. | These two nations, from the crownng
 of Francis to the downfall of ths French | empire, were involved in contest, the | length and vicissitudes of which were ! such as to, throw into the shade all l former wars between them. Tine first | important blow was struck in 1792, whsn the French were victorious; the
 following year the Austrians prevailed, | and then again the French. Finally the | army of Francis in Germany was driven 1 beyond the Rhine, while in Piedmont and
 Lombardy, in Northern Italy. the con | test was without decisive succ sss either
 way.
 | Then it was that Bonaparte appeared. | Obstacles that were insurmountable to
 others were as but grass in his way.
 Instantly the face of things changed. | Never was the saying of "Whsre there's l will there's a way" more brilliantly ! illustrated than in Napoleon. It may of course, be modified by adding that he 1 had mere than a will. He poured his
 forces into Lombardy and drove the
 Austr-ans from every position in that
 country except Manitau. Here the con- 1 test was stubborn, and is memorable as | revealing the invention of Bonaparte. i Every worshiper of the CoIsican loves to
 dwell upon the Mantuan campaign. It | gives a startling glimpse of his pro- | fundity. T. is said in criticism of Bona parte that he was courageous only
 while carr.sd on the crest of the wave. This campaign disputes it as strongly | as does his escapsl from Elba. Dis
 couragement was to Bonaparte, as it I even is to the great a light that showed
 the noth,ngness of difficulties. The re-
 suits of the conflict of 1796 wers not con elusive. The next year, by the victory i of Rivoli, the French drove the armies
 of Francis from Italy, crossed the noun
 .ain barrier and advanced toward the l heart of Austria. A peace tr5aty was l then signed at Campio Formico, by
 which Austria lost a population of l. l 500,000 retaining Venicsl While Bona 1 parte was absent in Egypt England | formed new coalition, and the Aus l tran troops again took ',he field. Bona ! parte returned, the battle of Marengo | followed, and Austria surrendered Ve-
 nice. By the treaty of Luneville peace
 was secured for about four years.
 l At this juncture, wh5n Austria had l been thrice humiiaaed by Bonaparte, | England comes upon the scane. The 1 separation of Russia and the occupation l of the Rhine frontier by the French had isolated h=r, but her naval victories at ] Copenhagen and Alexandria again made l her prominent In 1902 Adding ton, the l prime minister, effected the peace of l Amiens, which was merely experimental. | War began again, England was unani- nous for it, and was joined by Austria and Russia, who took the field under i the stimulus of English subsidies. | Neither England nor Bonaparte wanted ! peace. But it was an unaccountable | mistake on the part of th= former to sup
 pose that the first consul would meet 1 her armies at home. Ills camp on the
 coast stirred her to the depths, and she ] prepared to resist the invasion. Adding
 ton was fore q to resign and Pitt suc- i ceeded him. Is 1t probable that Ma ] poleon struck at mark w-de of his ;. contemplation? He knsw the Austrian as he knew none other, and the direc- l ton of his armies is proof that he wish l ed to make no experiment just then as to enemies. And h.s judgment here l is not to be impugned, for he could not possibly have crea ed such havoc any where else as at Ulm and Austeclitz. To Napoleon Austria was th+ heart of 1 the coalition. The vital blow should bs
 aimed at her. He struck 1t, and became ~practically emperor of Europe. It was l blow at England as well, and the great 1 Pitt sank beneath it.
 1 It will be granted that Bonapart* was
 not surface man; that he was deep
 and far-reaching; that he was trick 1 ster and an uncons cionable liar. He de- I ceived England and reached her through l Austria. That was his aim. Pretimi- 1 nary to this he r5lnquished Louisiana
 to the United States. In that his inten- tion was, no doubt as he said, to hit
 England directly on this continent: An other purpose was to get money, though
 he didn't realize largely on the sale af- | ter th4 debt of France was deducted. | By this transaction he would beat Eng land out of Louisiana, for neither he nor Spain could hold it, and add some | millions to his fund for war on the con- | tinent He made his continental war, and where did he throw h.s armies? Not i into England, who had massed her vol untesrs and transported troops from | Hanover but up into the circuit of the 1 Black Forest. Whose forces were ann- l Inflated and whose capital taken? The ! Austrans'. It is not only highly proba- l ble-it is almost certain-that Bonaparte l had planned these mov sments when he l negotiated with Livingston and Monroe 1 for the cession of Louisiana. Thus Aus tria bears upon our history indirectly. but very potently and offers additional ] illustration of the limitless sweep of in- ! fiuence.
 l When war seemed inevitable, through l the fundamentally of England, Bona parte could not veil his impotence to be rid of Louisiana. We have no time for deliberat tions," he declared, and
 wished to sell through Livingston before
 ths arrival of Monroe. True, he was
 then at peace with Austria, but the ap- preaching rupture with Engalnd com
 prehended the abrogation of the Aus
 trian treaty. He was then on the very eve of hostblites, and the negotiation
 for Louisiana, if consummated at all,