davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01
THE WAR IN THE EAST.
How 1t Was Finally Brought
About.
SIMPLE STATEMENT OF THE FACTS.

Claims Of the Greeks and Of the Porte.
The Island Always . Storm Center.
| Why the So Called Organic Statute
Failed-The Armies, the Commanders
and the Seat Of War.
The immediate cause of the war be-
tween Greece and Turkey, according to the
claims of the porte, Is due to the action Of
the Greek irrcgulars In penetrating Mace
donia and attacking various minor Turk
ish posts, responsibility for which the
Greek government avows. Tho latter, on
the other hand, lays the onus on the Turks,
who advanced into Thessaly. This result
ed in q sharp conflict between bodies of the
regular troops at the town Of Nezeros,
which lies Immediately under the shadow
Of Mount Olympus, the fabled home Of
the greater gods Of the ancient Greeks.
The Greeks, who must be considered the
aggressive party, say they sent troops to
the island of Crete to oppose the Turks be-
cause the latter were massacring the
Christians. A further cause for the bel
ligerency Is their impatiepce because the
reforms imposed upon Turkey by the great
powers have not been put into execution.
But it is necessary to 60 back much
farther to understand the primary cause
Of this great eastern crisis. Crete was the
last of the Turkish conquests in Europe,
having been captured from the Venetians
after desperate struggle. Like Ireland,
Crete was imperfectly conquered at the
beginning, and the fame Of discord has
been kept alive in the Island owing to the
existence Of O large minority differing In
creed from the bulk Of the population and
long maintained in a privileged position
by the ruling power. A disturbing inau-
ence was also exercised from without, for
the Greeks Of the mainland have always
fostered the revolutionary element among
their brethren.
Shortly after the Turkish conquests a
large number of the Greek inhabitants,
through one cause or another-it may
have been compulsion, or possibly 1t was
fear and self interest-embraced the creed
Of Islam, and Of course thus efectually
dissolved all ties of blood, language and
tradition. Today the Mussulman Greek
of Crete is to all intents and purposes
Turk and is so regarded by his Christian
kinsmen. Crete, however, played an i'm
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01
Arithmetic.

The science Of arithmetic is attribut-
ed by some to the Egyptians, by others
to the Chaldeans and by others again to
the Chinese. From an early date, prob
ably 1000 years before Christ, the
swanpan, or abacus, was in use in China
for performing arithmetical computa-
tions. The Chinese also use their fingers
for the same purpose, every joint OF
each finger having q different arithmet-
ical value. Arithmetic was brought
into Greece from Egypt by Thales 300
years B. c. One Of the Oldest known
treatises upon arithmetic is by Euclid
in the third century before Christ The
first arithmetic printed in England was
in 1922, by Tonstall, bishop of Durham.
Until the American Revolution most Of
the arithmetics used in the colonies
were brought from England. One of the
earliest American arithmetics was q
work called "Arithmetic-Vulgar and
Decimal" published at Boston in 1874.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01

portont part In the Greek war Of inde-
pendence, and it would have been made
part of the new Hellenic kingdom II the
European powers had kept their hands on,
but they insisted IN forcing Crete back un-
der the Turkish rule and encouraging
Turkey to retake it. After insurrection
which lasted over three years, and which
cost the Turkish and Egyptian treasures
some $3O,OCO, 900, scheme Of reform
known as the "organio. statute was
drawn up. This measure appeared to con-
cede large amount Of self government to
the island. 1t gave it legislative assem-
bly, and judicial system of Its own. Inc
latter, however, was merely mookery,
and the former was reduced to impotence
BY being forbidden even to discuss any
matter which had not previously received
the sanction of tho government.
Thus the organic statute proved fall
ure and the island became as discontent-
ed rs ever. Another insurrection occurred
in 1878, and In the fall Of that year,
through the mediation Of England, COM
pact was drawn up which retained the
general system of tho organic statute, but
provided for It's moro practical application.
This was not satisfactory to the Cretans,
however, and they soon divided into two
parties. Intrigue followed intrigue, and
only one man has had the courage to hold
the Office Of civil governor for full term.
All tho others were driven to resign 1t.
A crisis came In 1889. The governor
considered 1t to be his constitutional duty
to bestow O certain number Of appoint
ments on the Liberals, and the ConserVa-
tives thereupon took up arms and with
drew to the mountains. Then the half dor
mant fanaticism of the people became
aroused and the island was again plunged
into civil war. In the space OF Few
months about 100 Christians and Mussul-
mans were murdered. Nine thousand
dwelling houses, 1859 schools, 81 mosques
and IA churches were burned. Property to
the amount of hundreds Of thousands OF
dollars worth was destroyed. The insur.
gent Christians, however, got the worst OF
1t. The porte soon became master OF the
situation and proclaimed martial law. The
compact Of 1878 was practically abrogated,
and for the next five years Crete was ruled
automatically by succession OF Mussul-
man governors.
The attention Of the powers was attract
ed to the unhappy state Of the island, and
toward tho end Of 1894 the porte was In
duced to select Christian named Ale1an'
der Karatheodory Pasha Us governor. de
seemed to bo acceptable to both Christians
and Mussulmans The assembly met
again for the first time since 1889 ana
passed some good laws. But these were
vetoed by the porte, and trouble again be-
gan. Finally In March Of last year the
Christian governor was recalled, and Tur.
khan Pasha, Mussulman, was appointed
in his stead. Tho change seemed to dis.
satisfy everybody, Mussulman as we'll as
Christian. The number Of murders on
both sides increased. Turkhan showed
considerable energy in furnishing the
guilty and in upholding the iaw' Due tns
revolt continued, and disturbances wers
rife all last summer. Greece sent cOnsid-,
cradle aid to the Christian Cretans, and
this led Russia and Germany to propose
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01

p@ A great deal has been said about
the adulteration of candy, and state
ments have been frequently made that
soapstone, pipe-clay and other mineral
substances, together with tiff or sui
phate of baryta are used for the pur-
pose of increasing the weight and bulk
of the toothsome dainty which is so
popular among children and matinee
fends. People who are fond of candy
may eat it with the comforting rehec-
ton, however, that it contains nothing
more harmful than the glucose or
grape sugar which, on account of its
greater weight, is employed by the
candy-makers in preference to cane or
beet sugar. Sugar is so cheap that it
does not pay a candy-maker to adul-
terate his goods with other substances,
and it is believed that cases of adul-
teration are very rare.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01
OTHER ,JONAHS.

The familiar story of Jonah and the
whale, recently so widely discussed on
account of DR.. Lyman Abbott's recent
lecture, and the numerous comments
which it has aroused, has many ap-
parent counterparts in the legends and
folklore of the past. Some of these
are surprisingly like the Biblical story
of Jonah and are not generally known.
There is legend preserved to us by
Berosus (330-260 B. C.) as current
among the Babylonians of certain
Oawnes, who taught the people the
arts of agriculture and civilization. He
is described as being part man, part
fish, and a picture of him has been
found on one of the ancient monu-
ments which is now in the British
Museum.
It is related that he was possessed
of human voice by which he commu-
nicated with men. He taught them
how to write, how to build temples and
cities, how to make laws, and how to
sow, reap, plow and drain the land.
He only appeared at daybreak, and, as
the sun set, plunged into the sea, re-
appearing at intervals whenever men
needed him most.
The Babylonian story of the crea-
ton, which bears certain resemblances
to the first chapters of Genesis, is at
tributed to Oaunes, who described how
the chief god, Bel, created the other
gods, the good and evil spirits, ami
mails, man, the planets and stars, sun,
moon, etc.
Students of folklore do not hesitate
to call the story of Oaunes sun myth,
finding the key to the legend in his
daily disappearance at sunset.
The Phoenicians and Philistines wor-
shipped Dagon one of their gods, in
the shape of a figure half man, half
fish, or sometimes as man just COM
ing out of the mouth of fish. The
fact that the sun is called Jawnah by
the Persians, and in Troy was known
as iona, is proof positive to Professor
Goldziher, and eminent German schol-
ar, that the origin of the story lies in
the sun being swallowed up by storm
clouds or by the sea at setting.
Among the Persians Jemshid gives
Iran of all the benefits of civilization,
invents the fine arts, especially music,
and, being swallowed by the dragons
of storm and night, afterward rises to
continue his benefactions to the human
race.
The Hindoos have a fable in the
"Somadeva Bliatta" that the kings
daughter had made VOW to marry
no one but the man who had seen the
"golden city," Her suitor, Saktideva,
embarks upon ship bound for Utst-
hala, where the "king of the fisher
men" lived. A terrific storm breaks
over the ship, which goes to pieces,
Saktideva being swallowed by large
fish.
The kings servants catch the fish,
cut it open and Saktideva comes forth
alive. He is taken to Utsthala, sees
the "golden city" and returns to marry
the princess.
The story appears in various forms
among the Greeks. Hercules rescues
Hesione from the sea monster by leap.
ing into its jaws, where he remains for
three days and nights, tearing at its
entrails. Another version has it that
he was swallowed by a whale. at
Joppa, and when he was thrown out
three days later, his head was bald
New York Herald.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01

Greece could troops be so easily nIaneu-
vered over so large territory. Macedonia
and Albania, on the Turkish side Of the
border, on the contrary, are exceedingly
mountainous. AS compared with Thes-
sally, the Turks have in their frontier ter
ritory a far greater number of strategic
points that are not difficult to defend.
The main difficulty with all this territory
on both sides of the border, from a mill
tary point of view, Is the entire lack Of
good roads. Many Of the roads affording
the only means of transit are mere birdie
paths, and all the roads are narrow and
in bad condition.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01

p% "That fellow over there is
model young man." remarked the vii
lage cousin, who was showing his city
relative around the hamlet. "He does
not drink, play cards, use tobacco,
Airt, dance, bet, nor indulge in pro-
family" "Indeed ?" replied the city
cousin. "No doubt all the parents in
the community point to him with
pride? ayes, and all the girls go with
other fellows"
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01

tan governor, who. should appoint the
subordinate officials, two thirds Of them
Christian and one-third Mussulman, and
other reforms were agreed upon which
promised to be advantageous to the Chris
tian Cretans. For one reason or another,
however, they were not carried out. Thus
the present acute crisis ensued, and 1t de-
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01

King Greece the second Of Christian TX Of Denmark and
the choice of the Greek In 1853
suitable
hardly
present war;
which
has king has fallen somewhat under @ the suspicion @ the common
been threats revolution and before the
andout He yearSO OF
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01

blockadlng tse Island, Dut Great Britain
refused to sanction such a scheme, and the
project was therefore abandoned.
A plan Of reforms was agreed upon by
the powers last September ard accepted
by the sultan. There was to he Chris:
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01

fantry, cavalry anu artillery, under Che
command of Hakki Pasha. The Greek in
surgents pushed northward nearly to Grew
ena before they were beaten back.
The most OF Thessaly is q vast plain
With ranges. of hills. In no other part Of
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01

TIREsOME WORK.-There are few
men who do anything of Importance
in the world but have their share of
what may be called drudgery. Even
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01

n6 AS far as calculations can decide,
the temperature of comets is believed
to be 1000 times fercer than that OF
redhot iron.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1897-05-01

21s were jubl1ant, as was natural, but
I kept growing bluer and bluer. I dined
on their car the night we were due in
Albuquerque, and afterward Miss Gull
len and went out and sat on the back
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-12-23

hand. Then FitS cemc out and also received
firsSto I round, mex except that Fits sised tho other
mug up and weitcd for him TO make o try tot
tho stomach, In the y oS second Srord r gu a.. though.
" in for tho wind, Sav, but Fits didn't do q
thing. ,creedon, had scarcely STRENGTHENED his
OF his around, half.aEm, down. and nailed
Dan behind tho car. II was . crushing blow,
shot his left upon Dams mouth and the fight
was over. Mccoy saw the scrap. and has nj.
ways respected Fitzsimmons since"
Disinterestcd persons who read tho story in
THE Sun yesterday that Yale will insist upon
W WI,h no c oGGEPSSns were inclined q score Tie
New Haven men a tritie for putting Cornell in
her s~o-callod awkward position; There wore
think that Cornell has asked for too much and
should accept the terms offered without delay.
present difficulty in these words:
Let Yale's challenge be destroyed, and then
to discuss the future and seloct the course. As
Cornell allowed Yale to come into the race at
Pougbkeonsie last year, the New Haven men
eR%i fisnso'rpIl Ley Il isr rRsy az" act as Is a snn %sSisser
under conditions that will DO fair and salts
factory to ALL"
a race between these big uniycrsitles, and they
do not care, whether Cornell. rows Columbia
and Pennsylvania or not: III. cornell accepts
Yale's challenge unconditionally n victory. by
the Ithacans will DO even more popular than
the triumph last June. Cornell is popular for
her sporting blood, and IL Courtney's crew
should not meet the Blue and Crimson this year
there would be universal regret.
Tho playing Of the big football games at col
lcge grounds this year proved quite as profit
able rs when they were hold At public folds.
The Yale-Harvard game at Soldiers Field, Tor
instance, was q wonderful success financially.
The gross receipts were S3s.a57, of which S37,-
S74 were for tickets and 81, 1873. for programmes.
profits 1871. l24. Each college received $751;
Boz, more than Yale ever got from a Princeton
game in this city.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-12-23
FIGHTfNG.
Corbett's Proposed visit TO ~FitEsimmons Dis.
cursed.

Corbett,s Proposed visit 10 F~itzslmmons Dis.
Dan Stuart did not receive any word from Bob
Fitzsimmons yesterday in reference to the cham
pion's intentions regarding a match with Jim
Corbett. Stuart is hopeful that he will learn
something definite before long. as he is anxious
to get to Chicago and see Fitz. A good deal OF
gossip among tho sports was occasioned over
the exclusive announcement In THE Sun yes
terday that Corbett had made up his mind to see
Fitzsimmons in person about q return fight.
Many Of Corbetts friends thought the idea a
very good one. but are afraid that Jim may get
into o rough-and.tumble argument with the
Cornishman. However. Corbett% promises not to
do anything rash. and 1t 10 understood that the
talk will 10 of q business-like nature
Stuart discussed the prospects OF a baltic
Chicago" he said, and he has stated my propo-
my presence in that city 10 necessary he will
that Brady doesn't want Corbett to fight under
my auspices. Jim seems to. be willing. though.
from what l can understand. VOL, they
couldn't have any fairer or squarer man to deal
with than myself. even II l do have to say so. I
paved the way for finish contests at Carson, but
any other. person who will pay the license fee
can receive the privilege of holding n show
there. | am also looking to bring Maher and
Sharkey together, but I'm afraid that too much
challenging betwcen them will make the matter
look queer TO the Sports.'
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-12-23
TO him the benefits Of discount rates at hundrbds
OF hotels In all the popular oYelint d~lstrlets.

cidod to aid tho small divisions with loans from
the surplus money in The. treasury. This plan.
increase thcir membership. An official OF the
League, in talking of the advantages Of this
The Loan Committee. created. By resolution
Of the last National Assembly Of tho l. A. w.
TO provide ways and means fer tho help Of such
from timc TO time require. financial aid, has
rendered good service in tho few months OF itsox
rules and conditions governing loans and pre-:
pared application forms which require officers OF
which ought to be considered in passing upon
and placed before the Loan COMMITTEES. Thus
loans RggrcEating several thousand dollars have
been made to sevon. divisions. The national
membership fees coming from borrowing divi-
sions, and thus each loan is well secured"
Eddie Bald has decided to accept the chal.
lenEc. Of August Lehr. the German champion.
who is in this country. Bald is confined to his
as coon as he can get in shape no will ride tohr
or uppaeed, at any time or place. for a purse
suitable to tho German.
NOTES.
h c.-Miller rode 1888 miles 1856 yards.
L: Nj. II the bet was made after the race started
srcdited 70 Tie leaders. TIC bet should BE declared on.
S:c Il ah ssa sss , %ss %f :. e SsrSgs ess race began the cor
. At the semi.annual meeting OF the Jackaon Wheel.
men OF this city the following Officers were elected:
President. George Buck; yice.President John Nc.
Gloin; Secretary, II. Boldt; Treasurer, j. Sueiler; Cap
tain, John Kets; Lieutenants. Z. Fiegert and George
Ahrens; Bugler. Frank Kaisser.
President Potter is in correspondence with proni.
nent members OF Congress. with the view of obtain.
ing the passage OF n bill empowering the Secretary
of the Treasury to admit touring cyclists from Can.
ada and from transatlantic countries into the United
States without exacting the payment or deposit of
customs duties on the wheels brought by such tour.
lists for their personal use.
Arthur J. Sheldon has been elected captain OF the
Irving wheelmeen.
s. HertZ.-A wins.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-12-23

NEW ORLEANS. Dec. 22.-Jack Donahue. w.
A. Porter's colt, broke his leg while running
two lengths in front OF his field in the stretch in
to-doy's second race, and the accident saved the
ring from a drubbing. The colt was backed
down from 30 to l to 4 to l, and the books stood
to lose something like $4,000 Scherrer. who
rode tho good thing. sent his horse to the front
at the head OF the stretch and was Ralloping
home in easy fashion when tho colt stumbled,
breaking the right foreleR at the fetlock. Pom
tet Canet won the race. Donahue was destroyed.
The Audubon Handicap, at one mile. for four
year-olds and upward. was won by Harry Duke,
carrying top weight. In an easy fashion. Sum-
marles:
First Race--selling six furlonga.- 1O4
Burns). 4 to b. won Hibernia Queen. 104 (Southard),
9 TO l., secondi Tom Elmore. lU5 Caywood). 10 to /.
third. Time, 1:ls.
Second Ruce-sel,ins; six furlongs.-Ponte Canet.
100 (Nutt), 8 to !, won; Ben Frost, 100 (Kitely). is to
]. second; George B. Cox, LOT tBurns). 2 to 3, third.
Time. l:17l2.
Third Race-Audubon Handicap. value 81. 900; ono
mile.-Harry Duke. Ill (CombB). 0 to !. won; Balk.
line, 104 (Aker). is to !. second; MaEarins. 90 Pow.
ers). 2 to b. third. Time. l:44.
Fourth Race-Selling. six and a half furlongs.-Tre-
opia, l02 (Beauchampl Z to l, won; LEW Anna. 108
James). 90 TO !. second; Reel. 90 (southard). third.
Time. 1:e5ia.
Cherry Leaf, % Quit, o to ], won: Charina, 104
(Burns). o to o, second Mamie LIS sister, % (9il.
more). z to l. third. Time. 1:5Usa.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-12-23
Sews from the Horse World.

NEwBURG, Dec. 22.-Now that II. II. Hartman has
been elected President OF the New York State Trot-
ting Horse Breeders Association and leased the trot-
ting track ~ Goshen for three years from May l next.
a strong effort will b. made by Orange county horse.
men ard Intimate friends. Of Mr.. Hartman to have
the next annual meeting OF the association ut Goshen.
LEXINGTON. Dec. 2e.-Thomas C. Mcdowell has sold
TO John 4. Madden the bay weaniing colt David Gar
rick. by Hanover, dam Peg Wellington, by Longfel-
Matron stakes II the colt wins either. Crit Davis has
sold to Madden the chestnut yearling hIly by Han
over. dam Fleur d'Or by RayOn dor. for 81 1880.
The Board or Directors OF the Kentucky Trotting
Horse Breeders' Association has asked tho National
quiring members OF these associations 10 have the use
OF hoppies on horses In races abandoned, and to
shorten the distance. in order to prevent fraud, and
to cause the practice OF laying up heats to be dIscon.
tinut d.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-12-23

American National-Spartan, Gotham. and Orchard.
Uncle Sam-Jolly Brothers. Oriental No. Q. and
Fidelia No. ..
United Rowling. Section 4-Krakehlia. oereil. and
Heinebund.
James vs.. st. Agnes. st. Bernard VS.. SpaldinE No. 2,
Cathedral va. Spalding No. 2, st. Mary No. l VS.. Cattle.
dral. st. James VS.. Cathedral.
Fire In"snrance-0erman American Insurance Com
pany vs. Caiedon an Insurance Company.
Brooklyn Royal Arcanum. Section Nv ashinRton
Irving, De Forest, and Stuyvcsant.
asiuo-Riverdale Sunswick No. e. and Columbia.
Mount Vernon ~Firemen's League Niagara. Wash.
ington, and Central.
Twenty-sixth W~ard-Twenty. sixth Ward VS.. Klon.
dixie. AT Sohiellein's alleys.
Staten Island Ama,eur-Cyclone Kingston. and
Richmond.
Morris and sex-Northern Republican Club Va.
Atalnnta Wheelmcn. at Northern Repuhiis an Club
alleys; First Ward Republican Club vs.. Roseville A.
A.. at First Ward Republican Club alleys.
Central New Jers-y-sew Jersey A. C. va, Park
Club, at New Jersey A, e. alleys.
JERSEY, City-Naliaday vs.. Linden, at Halliday
alloys; Teutonia VS.. Union. at Teutonia alleys.
C0mmerclal-ManninR. Maxwell & Moore. American
Press Association, anu Austin. Nichols & Co.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-12-23
DauntIess Rowing CIup Elect. om.s..

The annual meeting Of the Dauntless Rowing club
was held last night at the Arena. Thirty .nrst street.
near broadway, There were two or three tickets I'm
the h.ln and the reBu ar ticket wa, defeate T. No ona
YVES sncctssful who has not been a member of IhS
PRESIDENT y. n Walter; Vice President, John u sbeSi
Ir,ssdIet f. a anderson; Secretary. X. n. Manelocf,
+ Trp y; iastone' p, ses"n "a L,sussnant William HSiman;,
r. j. Tiarney' D. Prybyl and =. Vanderboset, 'As
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-12-23

Tonight the star, Melrose, and Empire clubs will
play a postponed series OF games In schafer's Brook.
lyn tournament.
Excellent spare work by the Standards gave them
victories over the POST once and yorwaeit teams in
the Newark tournament on Monday night. The
scores: First game-POst ONCE, E5l; porwaertB, 75B.
Second gsm"-Standsrds. S0S; Vorw aerts. S8s. Third
game-Standards S0T; PoIt ONCE, 7bl.
The Atalanta wheslmcn's bowlers met defeat at
the hands OF the Prudentials I'm tho gimSs OF the
Montgomery tournament at Newark on Monday
Ataianta Wheelman, 704. s, oond gAme-Newark
Field Club, sl5; rrudentia's. 7B3. Third gsnie-Eew.
ark Field Club. 164; Ata,anta Wheelmen. 1853.