davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20
TIMING BIG PROJECTILEs.
How Their Initial Velocity IL Calcu.
lated In Teata. ft

How Their Initial Velocity IL Calcu.
lated in Tests.
To the layman one of the interesting
features in a big gun test Is the meth
cd by which the initial velocity of the
projectiles Is calculated. When he
hears that the modern high-power
guns often expel a shot at an initial
velocity of 1000 feet a second, a rate
that If sustained would mean a mile in
three seconds, he realizes the difficulty
Of calculating the speed. An ordnance
officer must have accurate knowledge
Of the velocity Of projectile that he
may predict its range and penetration
and determine the accuracy Of the gun.
1t is comparatively easy matter,
however, with the new instruments to
calculate accurately the initial veloc-
ity Of a projectile, and any one who
is fortunate enough to visit Sandy
Hook when big guns are being tested
may see how it Is done.
Two open frames are set up $50 feet
apart in front Of the gun. Wires are
stretched back and forth across these
frames, making a screen through which
the shot must pass. The wires in each
screen form a complete electric circuit,
which includes also an electric battery
and an electromagnetic. The projectile,
after leaving the gun, flies through the
wire in the first screen, interrupting the
circuit and releasing the armature Of
the magnet. In a space of time so small
as to be hardly conceivable the pro-
jectile has covered the distance be-
tween the two frames and pierced the
wire in the second, interrupting its
electric current and releasing the arma-
ture Of it's magnet as in the first case.
The interval between the drop Of these
two armatures represents the time
spent by the projectdle DIN travelling $50
feet. This time Is indicated by the
chronograph in the laboratory near by.
Wires run from each screen to the lab
oratory, which is fitted up with bat
Of the first electromagnetic is an iron
rod about three feet long, which Is
suspended vertically This rod falls
when the first screen is pierced. The
armature Of the second electromagnetic
Is placed a little below the first, and
when it Is released 1t acts as knife.
and, striking the side Of the falling
rod, makes a slight mark. The dis
lance Of this cot or mark from the
end Of the rod indicates the distance
through which the rod has dropped
while the projectile Is passing from
one screen to another. This forms the
unit for the calculation of the projec-
tiles velocity in feet per second. New
explosives and high-power guns have
increased the initial velocity Of projec-
tiles wonderfully in the last few years.
Projectiles may be expelled now with
a force that will make them effective
at range far beyond ordinary eye
sight.-New York Sun.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20
bring water to the men and carry away

bring water to the men and carry away
tho water which accumulates at the
bottom of the shaft. The work on the
stone has now progressed quite far, and
while the residents overhead are peace
fully sleeping the miners drill and blast
far below them, slowly pushing their
way forward. Everything Is directed
from the shafthouse, as is the case In a
mine, and 1t is desirable to have the
shafthouse as near as possible to the
scene Of the work. Therefore, 1t is
moved from time to time and as soon
as the west end of the present tunnel
has progressed far enough another
shaft will be sunk. All these shafts
will be closed Mt the bottom before the
water Is turned into the tunnel and will
be covered with cap like a sewer
cover. If at any time 1t is necessary to
enter the tunnel the water can be
turned Off by gates at the branch, the
tunnel pumped dry and men can enter
by the shafts.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

experts, and do their work quickly and
Systematically. Others, with little or
no clothing on, toll desperately with
sharp AIDES, swinging them against the
clay, loosening 1t bit by bit, and as each
man strikes at the tough, unyielding
mass before him he grunts deeply as
men do who are chopping down trees.
Just as steadily as the AIDES fall
against the wall of clay comes the deep,
rhythmical grunts from the toilers. Just
behind them three more men work fill
ing the cars with the chunks Of clay
which fall away before the AIDES. The
work Is so hard and the clay so tena-
cious that the men can work at chop
ping 1t but fifteen minutes at a stretch,
when they fall back and give way to
the other gang.
And this Is after the clay has been
blasted, for dynamite Is used on both
clay and rock In this tunnel. Four
sticks Of dynamite at shot are used
on the clay and three or four shots n
day or made. After the explosion the
men attack the loosened wall with the
AIDES and thus slowly and laboriously
tunnel their way ahead about twenty
four feet a day. At night the brick
layers come and brick up as much more
of the bore as has been made by the
miners during the day.
A constant current of fresh air is fed
from big fan in the shafthouse above.
The compressed air for the drills is fed
through a smaller pipe and other pipes
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20
kl@';HElSTIAhlsA|ssla as|
FENbEAvoEERS||
nHs,AbSENG 4ElVR9Ds

Good aunties. and upcles from the
country, bashfpl brides In gray gowns,
conductors and all the characters sup
posed to present themselves In the
course of a railway journey were i'm
personated. Red men Of the plains
threatened, but did not scalp, and after
running the, gauntlet of events and dam
gers, the experimental travellers were
landed in a delightfully."- improvised San
Francisco, where, prestol charming
young Christian .,damsels in Oriental
costume welcomed them ito an expur-
gated edition Of Chinatown.
The real San Francisco, by the way,
had best be up and doing, and getting
It's face washed and its hair brushed
for that same Christian Endeavor con-
vention. ,,rs. atom, uRa
The Christian Endeayor Society Of
Masoorie, in far India. has been per-
haps most farsighted Of all In prepara-
ton for San Francisco's convention.
DR.. +. Z. Clark, president of the So
ciety, has been visiting Oriental coun-
tries and organizing branches made up
Of young Christians OF many one-timc
heather nations The Masoorie people
were busy with their plan, however,
before DIR. Clark went to visit them.
They wrote him in Boston of a marvel
Gus block and gavel which were being
wrought for the convention. They are
of native woods inlaid with silver, and
of rare workmanship. DIR. Clark will
be duly presented with the graceful Of
fering, and will bring It with him when
he goes to San Francisco and so com.
pletes his journey around the world.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20
Georgia's Cotton King,

The Augusta (Ga) Chronicle says:
Games M. Smith, Of Oglethorpe, Geor-
gia's greatest farmer, has just broken
all records of cotton sales from a single
plantation by selling to Macon cotton
buyers In one lot over 1000 bales of
cotton on a basis Of cents for mid
ding, and when It Is all weighed and
shipped Mr.. Smith Will receive check
for about $4,000. This would be tre-
mendous crop, even If Mr.. Smith raised
nothing but cotton, but when 1t Is re.
WONDERED that he grows similarly
large crops Of grain and hay, and tina:
cotton is his surplus money crop after
producing all the provision crops ne
needs, then one can grasp some idea OF
the scale on which Col. Smith farms.
and see the justice Of calling him Geor-
gia's cotton king"
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20
MAKING ABIG TUNNEL
THE MANY PERiLS AND Diff
CULTiES ENCOUNTERED.
Great Eisht-Foot Water Carrier Now
Being Built Under the City Of Chi
cago-How Life IL Sustained and
Recks Drilled by. compressed Air.
beneath Z Big City.

The construction OF one of those
great water tunnels under a city. such
a. Chicago, Is u work replete with diff
nculties and dangers almost beyond the
comprehension of,those who have not
inspected one Of these Immense water
carriers. Such task as delving 100
feet under the streets Of the metropolis,
cutting an immense eight-foot bore four
miles across to the lake. blasting away
tons and tons OF rock and sticky clay,
IL one that calls for the exercise of pa
tience, courage and endurance Of no or
binary character. Under the cables,
under the big sky-scrHpers, half hun
dred men are now at work, day and
right dependent for air on ten-inch
pipe running to the surface far over
head, and, should the engine break or
the shaft cave in, the result may be
imagined.
Descent Is made into the tunnel
proper on an elevator at the shafthouse
at the land end of the tunnel A gong
clangs and a wet, Shiny car shoots up
from the black depths of the shaft.
The bell clangs twice and the man at
III. II "A
the engine throws lever. Down,
down, down goes the little car into the
round shaft. For twenty feet the light
from above shows it to be lined with
brick, and then darkness-thick. black
darkness-supervenes. Little drops OF
water fall constantly upon the car and
Its passengers, but before a question
can be asked the elevator is at the bot
tom, and there is the tunnel stretching
away in both directions from the shaft.
The big bore Is eight feet in diameter,
but this size Is lessened by a floor
which leaves about six feet Of head
room. On this floor is a narrow gauge
track on which run the cars Of clay
and rock on their way to the shaft.
Brick laid In waterproof cement line
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20
SERVING TEA IN ORIENTAL COSTUME.

a flavor Of the soil, and might furnish
opportunities for the students of sociol-
ogy to deduct some wise conclusions.
In New Hampshire, for instance, the
method Of procedure is decidedly char
'acteristic, and ruggedly simple. The
plan is this: Cambridge has, or believes
1t has, 100000 people, and any guam
'tity of local pride. The Endeavorers
want to send as many delegates as pos
isible, so they are selling votes. To
vote for a delegate costs but cent, and
each one of those 100000 Inhabitants
will be asked to vote as early and often
as his disposition prompts or his finan-
ces permit.
Many young people have friends who
would gladly contribute n part of their
expenses, and this arrangement makes
II possible to do so In delicate and in
offensive manner.
Endeavorers of Iowa and other
States of the great West have appar-
iently tried to Guido each other in bright
ideas for raising funds. The societies
of the town of Decatur have found an
original and enterprising way-perhaps
the cleverest yet reported. The En-
deavorers gave a sort Of modifieA
church fair, which served the double
purpose of creating an interest In the
convention and providing funds for the
use of delegates. The entertainment
was called "A Trip to California" and
THE population turned out en- masse to
see 1t. Booths represented the various
points of interest along the route. They
were most artistically gotten up, and
icurios and souvenirs were offered for
sale. Peanut vendors, candy men and
the Objectionable news agents" offered
Ithcir wares, doubtless with their ac-
icustomed measure of insistence. AS
for refreshments, they were offered on
the exquisite dining-car basis. or might
be partaken Of at station lunch count
,ers, with the customary difficulties
thrown In
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

the shaft and the wall Is laid as smooth
and even as If it were the pressed brick
front of dwelling. Incandescent
lights attached to the walls at inter-
walls Of about twenty feet shed a dim
light through the low ceilinged tunnel
and man on starting forward in
stinctively stoops, though there Is plenty
Of room to stand upright. Eight hun
dred feet away in one direction is a
wall of limestone, and here are the
marks where eight drills have touched
the shore before the last blast, which
has looseaed the rock scattered around.
As soon as the trimmers cart away the
stone and debris, the bricklayers ex-
tend the wall. In this way progress,
slow but steady. Is made every day.
At z o'clock every morning the miners
descend the long shaft and start to
work Half dozen holes are drilled
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20
BISHOP BOWMAN.
The Patriarch OF the Methodist Epis-
copal Church.


copai Church.
Bishop Thomas Bowman, the patri-
arch Of the. Methodist Episcopal
Church. is spending the evening of his
life with his daughter in Evanston, Ill.
He will continue to wear the mantle of
ecclesiastical authority, to be the senior
member Of the administrative counsel.
to act as adviser and chancellor. He
and the denomination will celebrate
his eightieth birthday in July. His
place in the episcopacy will be honor
airy rather than active-the activity be-
ing advisory and relieved Of the trying
labor Of the direction Of the confer
ences. He will remain on the bench Of
the heads of Methodism-the distin-
guished reward for as wonderful half
century of religious work as any man
ever gave to any church. This work
compassed the globe, penetrated China
and Japan in advance Of civilization,
touched Norway and Sweden, left mon
uments in Germany, Italy and Mexico,
built churches in India and dedicated
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

used in this connection relate to household
cleanliness, and all the original ones are
framed to that end. "Dirt In the house
builds the highway to beggary," deserves
recognition, despite its origin. House
hold sayings, In the sense Of four-walled
buildings full of furniture, are quite lack
ing in many Eastern tongues. We believe
that no reference to clean housekeeping
can be found in the Koran or even in the
Bible, except that of the woman Wac
swept the house to find her lost coin.
Shakespeare rather sights the subject. but
whether because II was not deemed impor
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

drew from their respective pockets the
Easter emblem, and exchanged eggs.
The Chinese claim that the world was
formed Of the two parts of an enormous
egg. From the yolk of the egg stepped
forth the human being; he waved his
hand, and the upper half Of his late
castle, the egg-shell, went upward and
became the concave heavens of blue.
the lower half fell reversed, making
the convex earth, and the white albu-
men became the seas. The Syrians
believed also that the gods from whom
they claimed descent were Matched
from mysteriously laid eggs. Hence
we infer that our present custom Of
Offering the Easter egg emblem has the
heather legends for its organ.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

tude Lodge, No. 8. In 1S41 Mr.. Clark
took his card from Baltimore lodge and
placed it with Western Lodge, No. "a.
He removed in 1S43 from Western
Lodge to Ohio Lodge, No. 1, and his
last change was made in 1855, when he
deposited his card with Eureka Lodge,
No. "A, Of Iowa City, where it remains
to this day. Since that time he has
never missed meeting of the lodge
save the session which was held at
Cedar Rapids in 1872. In 1859 Mr..
Clark was grand representative to the
sovereign grand lodge of the United
States. He has seldom missed meet
ing Of the grand lodge and he is widely
known among Odd Fellows in all parts
Of the country. Mr.. Clark Is a native Of
Philadelphia and is SO years old. He
was initiated while still young man
into the first encampment of Patriarchs
In the world. He has been a member
Of the grand encampment of Iowa since
1850.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

sanctuaries in every State and Terri
tory In this country. The story Of his
life embraces more than comes to one
average man In ten thousand.
The Bishop preached his first sermon
when he was d years old. His first
charge was horseback mission seven
ty miles long and his annual salary
was 800 cash, from which was not de-
Quoted the hospitality Of the Metho-
dists along the ride and the fitful dona-
ton parties which were forced upon
him. The Bishop has dedicated more
than 1900 churches during his work.
There. is only one other minister. in the,
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20


impatient twins defying the proverb? But
the mother will be back sooner n she fol-
low the advice. Our familiar "The not
calls the kettle black" takes a new inter-
est In Its italian form. The pot SAYS to
the pan, keep off or you'll smutch me"
The universal toll of the world finds ex-
wilt thou go, Ok, that thou wilt not
ploughr Almost all nations possess a
proverb which declares that eff you forbid
fool thing, that he will do" and with
confidence in the good will of the public
form:
do" So we say for variety: Don't use
Sapolio-but then you're not fool"
"a touch of nature which makes all the
world akin" springs out of the quaint
thought that "A needle, though naked
itself, clothes others" Who can hear it
once and ever see a needle without recall
ing Il? Who fails to recognize the picture
II suggests of the aid given to the poor by
the poor, and of the help which Is every
where gained from the humblest of assist
ants?
What can be more practical Than the
statement that "a handsaw Is a good
thing, but not to shave WITH" which nat
urally suggests the proper use of Sapolio.
Slang never can be COMPOUNDED with
proverbial phrases. 1t seems universal,
but IL is merely local form used to ex-
press transient but popular idea. Years
ago, when general rush at hotel keeping
resulted in many failures, the slang ran
Hes very good man, but he can't keep
hotel" All such phrases are local and
temporary. They do not survive--indeed.
rarely possess merit enough to reach a
second year without evident decline in
popularity. We have noticed that none of
the advertisements Of Sapolio make use of
slang, and probably for this reason.
Naturally many OF the best proverbs
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

of attending. Every member, though,
can "bear a hand" and help to make 1t
possible for the society to send one del
egate, and perhaps several.
The ways Of raising money to send
delegates are as numerous and as va
ried as the societies themselves. Young
folks are perhaps somewhat alike the
world around, but certain it is that the
plans adopted in various localities have
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

drifts lazily through the tunnel toward
the shaft where 1t can escape to the up
per air. As soon as the explosion Is
over the miners and other worlmen
cli'ub over the rough rock and begin
filing the little cars which are hauled
by solemn burros on the tiny track to
the elevator. Another set Of holes Is
drilled and another shot Is fired.
The drills work by compressed air
power, the same plan ns that In effect
On the drainage canal being employed.
The men who work these drills are
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

Sultan
NJ the Ottoman Empire 1t whom will depend
under Abdul Hamid osman Mosm soldier
ntnched behind earthw nvnc He the distinguished
his general He that
from his babyod He the military school Constanto
prominent Cmean during the
SerboTurkih
grandm mars o he imper
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20
AVENUE WEST MADISON STREE

in the rock and one-quarter-pound
sticks of dynamite inserted. When ev-
erything is clear and the workmen have
retreated to a safe distance the charge
Il fred by electricity and the masses Of
rock come tumbling down from the
"face," sometimes blocking the entire
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20
OLDEST LIVING ODD FELLOW

J. N. Clark, of Iowa City, Has Been
More than Fifty Years In the Order.
j. Norwood Clark, of Iowa City, Is
the oldest living member of the order
Of Odd Fellows. 1t is more than fifty
years since he was initiated into the
order at Baltimore in the first Odd Eel
lows building ever erected in this coun-
try. He was then a member of Graft
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20
English Papers In Asia.

Seventeen daily and weekly papers
are published in the English language
In japan, and over 100 on the Asiatic
continent. In the whole of Asia there
Is but one paper printed In German.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

New South Wales has spent s12, O00,-
900 for harbors In forty years, exclusive
OF the cost of the port OF Sydney, and
will spend 81 900, 600 for the same pur.
pose this year.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

tant in that intellectual but dirty age or
because he scared to grander things. we
will not discuss, but the England Of to-
day well says of home, "The cleaner It's
the cosier It's" and our American adver-
tiser improves the opportunity to add that
humble homes made bright with Sapolio
are better than tawdry palaces. Alas,
for the thoughtlessness Of the man who
forgot to ask whether his bride used Sa-
polio. The Scotch proverb records his
case: ''Ye hae tied knot wi your tongue
We Wilma loose wi your teeth"
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

1t Is no credit to the men that they
are not afraid Of mites one OF the under
garments they wear b tied down tight
at the anklA = 4, Z t,till
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

Papa" said a boy, II know what
makes people laugh In their Sleeve
well. my son. what makes them?~,
"'Cause that's where their funny bone
is"-Spare Moments. I
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20
Tobacco and Weight.

A medical journal has made some
careful Investigations among the COL
leges Of New England, which enabled
1t to state that students who do not
use tobacco gain weight height and
girth Of chest from 10 to "a per cent
faster than those who chew or smoke.
The development of the lungs, IL this
authority is correct is especially re-
tarded by the tobacco habit. 81
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-05-20

Mr.. ]. Clayton, in communication 10
Nature, refers to careful measurements
he has made with sycamore, elm, oak.
ash and beech trees, from which he has
discovered that they all contract In
girth during a frost.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1897-06-14
KILLED HER HUSBAND,
Wife NEAT MS BRAINS OUT WITH
A HAMMER.
ne rrsea 10 Murder Her. rstnE n
knffe and Revolver, hut she
GOT the better of II.

LATHE aoea Am, june is.-Ne@T THAR
A-k.. ys& ee-s&y. Mrs 2. A. Wilson killed
.ss- Alss.Aas ty SeStsae bis brains oui wiia
sAnruer. Wtisoa was q well Known ium-
ae- man. AID d oroihes OF 7, Q. Wilson
formerly aresl3ea. G. he 7. @. Wilson
l.uuass- company q Tl.ls7 After commit
ting TIE decd Ms. Wilson surrendered 10
al ei1ce:. According 10 Mrs Wilson .
sao-y. she ard Aes husband s.yed onhapPiy
aad aer Aushau4 haa often tFlci 10 per-
sua8e her 10 cculn.t suicide with ntm.
Wilson ~as sscS IS hen lie isAs-ly occurred,
aaa MIS-. Wls1n was nugs.us hum. lie be-
came abusive. @aa she started 10 leave
HIN. lie eotgcatcl her 20 re,ura 10 the
~ u. and - hea sAe dlG rs nIci = re
Vo.ytr az her. Sae Was uahu?S au5 telied
hun &c the lo1E WITH q hammtr. Wilson
aga!u red 20 secure MS revolver. hu; was
prevented. AID "a lhe Struggle triad - cut
h. w4ies tl.oaL she again Atiacae1 him
with the hammer and lsat las braun out
Airs, Wilson was formerly . Miss Black u
Mississippi
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1897-06-14
GIDDINGS.

Last Friday evening the Casino hall was
tho scene OF one of the most splendid en-
tortainments ever given in Giddings the
occasion being the annual banquet of the
Shakespeare club. The spacious hall was
cleared of all opera seats and their places
occupied by handsome parlcr chairs and the
floor covered with rugs, while on all sides
were evergreens In profuson, and banks
of ferns and rare eSotics greeted the eye,
giving the appearance OF spacious draw
ing room rather than a public hall. After
very interesting programme refreshments
were served which were delicious and
dainty In the extreme.
Besides the members of the club, about
fifty guests were present quite n number
Of whom were from nclshhor'ng towns.
and on all sides can be heard only praise
for tho delightful evenings pleasure Dnd
tho charming manner in which the Shakes
pcare club entertains