The record-union., 1897-08-09
revolution occurred and took no part in

after his return from exile and in the
ful constituent assembly of 1868, sup
ported by Senors Elduayem, Bugallel
and two others, he hoisted the stan
dard of legitimate and constitutional
monarchy. This is his greatest title
TO fame. His fidelity and ability final
ly secured for him the supreme direc-
ton of the Alfonsist party and el.%th,
proclamation of Alfonso XIII. as King
on December 81, 1874, Senior Canovas
Del Castillo became President of the
Council and Chief of the new Cabinet,
called the Cabinet of Cancellation. He
retired in September, 1875, because of
the demands of the extreme Conserva-
tive party, but he was called back to
the Presidency of the Council on De-
cember ID of the same year and
charged particularly with the direction
of the first legislative election.
He was elected to the Cortes from the
city of Madrid in January, 1876 1t
devolved upon him then to repress the
second attempt Of the Carlists to bring
on a civil war and to deal with the first
insurrection in Cuba
With the exception of an interval of
few months, he continued to hold the
premiership down to 1879, when, on
the return of Marshal Martinez Cam
pos from Cuba, he retired from the
premiership and was succeeded by
Campos. who accepted as his collea CUES
the principal associates of Senior Cano-
vas. The opposition raised to the pol
icy of Campos soon forced him to re-
tire. Senor Canovas successfully re-
Lo
free trade and emancipation projects of
Campos. On the re-assembling of the
Cortes in December, 1879 Campos gave
up the attempt to conduct the Govern
ment and Senior Canovas formed new
Cabinet on December 10th, with a sec
ond Cuban insurrection to be dealt
with.
He charged General Blanco with this
task, but the reactionary of his home
policy became more and more marked
until the financial prospects in which
he wanted to embark drew upon him the
bitter attacks, not only of CASTELAR, and
the Republicans, but also those of
Campos and Sagasta and he was COM
PEELED to resign In 1881, he returned
again to power, but his conservative
Cabinet was speedily overthrown and a
coalition Government, with Sagasta and
Campos at its head, took the reins of
affairs.
At the general election of the same
year, he was returned to the Cortes
from Madrid and became the chief
spokesman of the intermediate party
known as the party of conservative Lib
erals. On January IS, 1884, he was
called upon to form a conservative min
istry. In order to secure a majority
devoted like himself to order and of lib
erty, in harmony with the Inonarchical
principle, he dissolved the Cortes, and
the new elections resulted favorably.
But on November 26 1895, on the ques-
tion of the occupation of the Caroline
Islands by Germany, he was again COM
PEELED TO resign, being succeeded by
Senor Sagasta. The same day he was
elected President of the Chamber by
ODD votes against 112 cost for Senor
Robledo, and he signalized his en-
trance upon his new functions by a fun
eral eulogy of King Alfonso XIII, who
had died the previous day.
In 1910, another reversal brought him
back to power. and on July 9TH he took
the Presidency of a conservative Cabi-
net, replacing the Liberal ministry of
Sagasta. Two years later the pendu-
lum swung to the opposite extreme and
the Liberals under Senior Sagasta won
the general elections and retained power
until 1885, when disagreements in the
Sagasta Cabinet led the Queen Regent
to summon Canovas again to the Pre-
miership.
CanoVas came last into power on Feb
ruary Z, 1895. A number of officers
had broken and pillaged the officers
of various newspapers which had made
insinuations against the conduct of Off
GERS engaged in suppressing the Cuban
revolution. The War Minister seemed
to support the officers whereas the Pre-
mier, Senor Sagasta, ordered the pour
nalists to be protected This led to the
retirement of the ministry.
Marshal Campos was temporarily
made Captain of Madrid and
the greatest excitement prevailed. Fin
ally Senior Canovas formed a ministry.
although he lacked the support of a
section of the conservative party
The Government was defeated on a
vote of censure on June 3, 1895, but did
not resign. The general elections of
April, 1896, returned an overwhelming
majority to the Cortes in favor of the
policy of Canovas' Cabinet, though the
opposition charged that the minister
ialists carried many of the election dis
tricts by gross fraud
On June "a last Senior Canovas ten
dered the designations of the Cabinet.
owing to the difficulty Ministers expert
~,
in favor of the parliamentary situation.
caused by the refusal of the Liberals
to take part in the deliberations of the
Cortes. This attitude of the Liberals
was due to personal encounter be-
tween the Duke of Tetuan, Minister of
Foreign Affairs, and Professor Comas.
distinguished Liberal Senator, on May
21st, when the Duke slapped the face of
the Professor after a heated debate on
the Morgan resolution adopted by the
United States Senate. After four DAYS
conference with the leaders of all po-
litical parties, the House frequently re-
quested him to withdraw the resignation
of the Cabinet and he did so, being con-
f1rmed by the crown in his ministerial
powers with the personnel and policy of
the Cabinet. unchanged.
Senior Canovas was the author of num-
erous works in moral and political sci
enee and of "A History of the House of
Austria, > which is in high repute and a
History of the Decline of Spain from
the Accession of Phillip Ill to the Death
of Charles ILL., which ranks favora bly,
among this class Of Spanish writer's
Under the title of 'El Solitario.'' he pub
lished a monograph dedicated to one of
his uncles, Estebanes Calderon. OF his
literary studies, one of most general in
terest is a volume on the contemporary