davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
Ga 24-su. Tu&Th6m)
COMMISSIONERS NOTICE.

IN THE CHANCERY COURT OF THIN
CITY OF RICHMOND:
w. ''''' Piaintr
VS..
The Southern Building and Loan Assoc
COPY OF Decree Entered April Il. 1919
'"rhis day this cause came on 20 be
heard on the bill OF complaint, regularly
taken for confessed. and set for hearifg
at the rules: on the order made herein
on January g. 1897. and o. the exhibits
filed, and was argued by counsel, on con-
sderation whereof. by consent OF counsel
for the pfainti6 and for the defendant.
endorsed on this decree. the court doth
adiudge. order. and decree that this cause
be referred TO one or the commissioners
of this court. TO make the following IN
auiries and report the same 10 the court,
with any other matter specially stated
deemed pertinent b. himself. or re-
quired by any party 20 be stated--to wit:
|. Who are the creditors and snare
holders of the defendant association re-
siding in the State OF Virginia?
2 What property. real and personal.
came, or should come, into the hands OK
the receiver appointed 10y decree OF TIE
court in this cause, and what Is the an.
nuaI and fee simple value OF said real
3. What liens or encumbrances. II any.
exist on said property and their prlorites,
and who are entitled to the debts secured
by said liens?
What amount each borrowing member
OF the said association has received frOu
said association. and at what date?
3 What amount each such borrowing
member of said association has paid into
the association, and on what accounts
G. What amount each zach borrowing
member should be required TO paw back
into said association in the discharge or
his said Indebtedness TO cntitle him 20
release deed OF the mortgages now held
by the said association?
And said commissioner shall give notice
TO all parties interested i'm this suit Of
the time and place OF making such in
ouiries by publication once week for
four successive weeks ia some news
paper published in the city OF Richmoad.
VA. which publication shall be equivalent
to personal service on all parties
A Copy-Testc:
CHARLES W. GODDIN,
Clerk
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
sc,,ooI, OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES.

Some Of our Virginia exchanges have
raised a question as to the right Of the
present Board OF Education to 80 into
the election OF school superintendent for
tho next term. but. as we understand
the matter our State Court Of Appeals
has settled what is the law upon the
subject.
The status OF the term OF county su-
pcrintendents OF schools was the sub
feet of litigation before the Court Of APP
meals. occasioned by a joint resolution
of the General Assembly, February 26,
1856. The style of the case is "Pendleton
VS.. Miller"
Under the Constitution. Article VII,
section I, the term OF Office of County
observation-disclosures was fixed at three years.
and began January LIST next after their
appointment, but by an amendment TO
the Constitution In November, 1874.
the term was fixed at FOUR years. and
began July LIST next after their APP
pointment. Tho school system was inau-
gurated In 1870, and the superintendents
frst appointed entered upon their terms
OF Office January /, 1871, and held for
three-ycar terms until July ]. 1877. when.
under the amended Constitution. the four
year terms began.
Pricr to 1856. the Board Of Education.
under the construction then placed upon
the Constitution and statutes uniformly
made appointments for full constitutional
terms.
The Court held:
(a) That the Office is a constitutional
one. and must have definite beginning
epd sndins.
~ That regular sppoinfments should
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
THE RICHMOND DISPATCH.
ny THE DISPATCH COMPANY

The DAILY DISPATCH is delivered TO
-,b~cr1bers at FIFTEEN CENTS rer
week, payable to the carrier weekly,
or FIFTY CENTS per month. Mailed
at Sc per annum: 50 for six months SLOW
for three months; SOC. for one month";
Price per copy. cents
The WEEKLY DISPATCH at u per
snnum.
The SUNDAY DISPATCH at si'oV PEI
annum. or IS cents for six months,
subscriptions in all cases payao'e ="
advance. and no paper continuea az,
the expiration of the time paid for' eeha
post-oflice money order. check OF ies's.
tered letter. Currency sent by mall VIII
be at the risk OF the sender. Subscribers
wishing their post-oiiice changed must
give their old as well rs their new post
ufsce. Sample copies free.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
THE COMPARISON.

The I,ynchburg News does the Dispatch
Injustice In saying that We started out
apparently If not expressly TO demon
strate that the judicial expenses OF TINS
Commonwealth are not greater IMAM 'hose
Of North Carolina, and that OF necessity
we have had to admit that while Norm
Carolina pays out for criminal charges
S.. 800. Virginia pays out on the same
account 100000
Our article Of May 9Th expressly stated
that "North Carolina has more ecohofn'-
cal court system than ours, but 1t Is not
fact that this item accounts for the great
or mart of the difference in the expenses
of the two States"
Again. we said: eve do not know ca
actiy how 10 compare the criminal ex-
penses of Virginia with those or North
Carolina. for the reason that the TWO
systems are so very different That
North Carolina's is the cheaper WE
CANNOT DISPUTE. But some OF
the expenses that we pay out oil our
state Treasury are in North Carolina
Maid bv the counties or cities, or by fees"
&C., &c.
While we are quite prepared (and al
WAYS have BEEN to admit tnat Nor'h
Carolina has more economical court
system than Virginia, we question
whether she gets for s72. 500 what we get
for $4,000. In other words, we nave
reason to believe that North Carolina
taxes upon her counties and cities a
eood many OF the items that go to make
nm our $4,000. If this be so, the sums
Thus maid might as we'll be paid out OF
the state Treasury, so far as the average
tox-payer is concerned.
In fact. the whole tenor OF our article
vas TO show that though by reason CT
bor more economical court system and
because of having a smaller city popuia-
t;on than ours, North Carolina mas much
lighter criminal costs than we have
these things would not account altogether
Cor the difference in the expenses of the
two governments. Hence. we made the
following comparisons of other sums an
nually paid by the two States;
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
prrrrn rHINK Ahour IT.

Arv ore who reads our country papers
carefully and regularly must see that
more interest than ever before IS now
being manifested In the CONSTITUTIONS
convention question.
We suppose this Is because OF the near
ing OF the day OF election ana the ae-
,sv,ty that Is being displayed by those
who favor the convention scheme Inc
opponents Of the proposition. we tnihR'
are depending more upon their NUMBERS
than upon organization. The former IL
a good thing to be possessed Oh IN a can
yass, but 1t is never prudent to UNDER
rate the effects OF organization.
Yet convention, II held now, wouiu
dodge the main question, which Is
whether we should not adopt suffrage
system, which would relieve us OF the
menace of the ignorant and venal vote
that Is so numerous and offensive In GER
tain counties. So far from being Wiling
to tackle" this question, some OF the
leaders of the present movement nave
given assurances that II they can pre-
vent It. the suffrage question shall not
be taken up If a convention be ordered.
On this question of convention" or
mo convention" every Democrat has the
right to vote as he pleases-that Is 10
say. II is not party question. In some
counties Democrats are pretty evenly
dvided-good men being found on each
side. But this very division OF sentiment
as TO the desirabilty of holding con-
s,itutional conyrn.on should give us
pause II we are so much divided at the
outstart, where would we be when we
came to elect delegates to the conven-
ton? How much better 1t would be II
our people would possess their souls In
patience little longer. Then our party
would have time to consider whether
a convention be really necessary. and If
an affirmative decision were reached, 1t
could formulate a pan FOR holding such
n convention. Then we could tell the
people, in general terms at least. what
we would expect convention 10 do. Now
1t is seriously proposed that we shall
venture upon the uncertain sea Of con-
vention politics without chart or COM
pass. 1t would be periious venture.
No man could predict where we would
land.
However, we shall not have the slight
est doubt as to what the result OF the
election of the 9th will be II the people
will Only give proper attention to the con-
sideration of this matter. SO far not one
voter in ten has given serious thought
to the proposition. 1t won't do to con-
t;nue in this course. What Is wanted
is the calm and critical judgment of the
Democrats of this State. and IL this be
given, we shall have no fear OF Vir-
ginia's rushing headlong into the holding
of convention, the objects OF which
have never been stated, except in the
most vague and general terms.
We call upon all Democrats to ponder
this question wen, and in that event we
cannot but believe a majority OF the
votes of our party will, on May 9th,
be recorded against the holding OF
constitutional convention at this time.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
Uor Association to Meet.

The Bar Association of the city of Rich
mond will hold it's stated meeting on
wednesday afternoon in its rooms, in the
City Hall. at half-past 4 o'clock. a num-
Der of applications for membership are
TO be voted on. The Executive Commit
tee. composed of w. o. Shelton Chair
mani. Henry Taylor, Jr., and r. Carter
Scott, have arranged for smoker, to be
given the same evening at the Jefferson
at $50 o'clock. If the weather permits.
the roof garden. on Franklin street, Will
be used; otherwise the committeeman on
the fifth floor. The affair will be entirely
informal, and anecdotes. music. etc., Will
be the order of the evening.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
An OId-Time Handkerchief.

(Home Journal)
Yellow, for the passing years
Have with sere touch dimmec IL,
And hands are vanished long
That in the old times trimmed IL,
While q sweet herbs fragrance faint
Each fllmy fold discloses-
The muslin 'kerchief. bordered white,
With roses.
Peggy, she, my great-great-aunt,
On gala days to don II.
With her skilful fingers fleet
Put 'broideries upon 1t.
And, as other maids, / wis,
Oft sat with dreamy glances.
The while she weaved. tween silken
stitch.
Romances.
When so fine and daintily.
Flowers 'broidered Peggy made It,
With splendid sprigs of lavender
Away with care she laid IL,
Yet as springs to summers turned,
And falls to winters speeded.
Soft fold on fold. the 'kerchief lay,
Unheeded.
But. as n springtime blossom dies,
So Peggy. ere she wore II.
And. with scent Of lavender
That sublety hovers DER II,
Breathing of the years ago,
All undisturbed reposes
The muslin 'kerchief 'broidered white,
With roses.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11

An old citizen OF Buffalo. who Is also
a vegetarian. is quoted as saying: Il OF
ten wonder why the principal shade trees
that line our streets are naples. elms,
and se-chestnuts. Why are they not
cherries, apples. plums, peaches. ana
pears. mingled with chestnuts. beechnuts'
and hickory trees?" II strikes US that
there Is good deal In that suggestion-for
the small boy. the doctors. and the drug
eista.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
MITTELDORFER'S
DRESS GOODS.

DHESS OOODS.
as and 4O-inch Dress Goods have been
selling at &c; as long as they last, lOc
The entire balance of our Fancy Checks
sold everywhere a, Zoc'
soc. Dress Goods, Monday .......... 25c
5O-inch Atwood Checks. worth &C.,
45-inch Covert Mixtures, worth 75c....:..
Our stock Of Dress Goods embraces
many of the SWEETEST styles OF this sea-
sons production. They are 10 be literally
slaughtered at less than HALF PRICE.
BLACK GOODS.
Mohair Sicllians, imported, 40 inches
wide good. bright lusTe, Toe. grade. 35c
l5-inch-wide All-Wool Henrietta Cloth,
six finished. regular 75c. grade ..42c.
4O-inch Brocaded Mohairs, as pretty as
silk. worth 6Oc....... ....................-oc
SHIRT-WAISTs.
Every enc who has examined our line
this season acknowledges. in regards
styles and prices, WE LEAD.
Lot Ladies shirt-Waists regular zoe.
aI Lot 2-Iaundered Shlr lists a lovely
array of designs. worth ....:......: &c;
Lot 3-I.awn and Percale Laundered
Waists, detached collar. worth 75c.,
SILK sHIRT-wAIsTs.
An elegant Check Taffeta Silk Waist.
worth $50 ........ ....................N2 20.
Ask 10 see our Mohair Brocade Bril-
liantine Skirt at ..............S.. ~.
Just what you want In fact. what
every housewife wants-a Good Bleached
Table Damask-worth 40c... .I0c.
Turkey-Red Table Damask. worth 40c..
1Sc.
Turkey-Red Damask, worth 30c.. Lie.
Linen Towelling Crash, worth lOc...
lie.
Cotton Crash. worth 6c.............1 lie.
NiTTINGS.
Mattings worth 16 Sc...............,0c.
Mattings worth Oc.....................Ioc
Nattings worth 25c.. Lie.
SUMMER UNDERNEATH.
Ask TO see our Ladies Vests at lie.
Mems Shirts ..........................I oc.
Children's, from to 25c.
(ny i1-Tu&Th)
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
Strn nge.

Pittsburg Chronicle Telegraph)
"Yes," said the young wife, sadly, az
am satisfied that he doesn't love me any
more"
isn't II strange to find satisfaction in
ANYTHING like that?' asked her dearest
II ri friend
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
IrreconciIabIe Differences.

Uudge)
Alice: Why did she refuse him-because
they were of different faiths?
Clara: Yes.
Alice: And he refused to change his
religion?
Clara: On, no. his wheel.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11

According to well authenticated re-
ports at least six deaths have resulted
from shock among relatives or the VIC
tins of the recent Paris fire, that OF the
Duke d'Aumale being the most conspicu-
Gus. Two suicides are included in the
lct
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
An Escaped Danger.
Nndianapolis Journal.)

'Do you know IL is a good thing for
the human race that it is so short-lived?"
'Td like to know how"
Just think how utterly spoiled n boy
would be, for instance who had all his
great-great-gr andmothers, great-grand-
mothers, and grandmothers to take an in
terest in his career"
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
ADVERTISING RATES.
HALF INCH OR LESS.

wanted situation. payable in nd a.
vance (25 words or less).....'..'.'
Above rates are for every day or ao-
v.r,,seruents running c,nsecutively.
Reading notices in reaaing-ma,'e ,.a 80
i've lines or less. 81; in nonpariei' ieau'O'
Eve lines or less, 20 cents.
Card of rates for more space furnished
on application.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
Offices Of Commissioners Jackson Guy,
Nos. SO GOdcin Hail.

Richmond. Va. May l. lsN
TO ANY AND ALL PERSONS AND
PARTIES INTERESTED.
| have fixed on THURSDAY. the 81
day OF June, 1881. at II o'clock a. NJ, IS
the time and my Offices aforesaid as the
place for executing the decree, OF when
the foregoing is a copy.
Given under my hand as commissioner
in chancery OF the Chancery Court Of tho
city OF Richmond this LIST day OF May,
1897. JACKSON GUY,
Commissioner
Willis Il. Smith. p. q.
s. s. p. Patteson, p. q. my 2&LtTu3t
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11

Under the head of education we nave
included more than a hundred thousand
dollars paid as excess Of interest upon
college bonds.
Upon a review Of this matter. and with
the candor that always characterizes the
News. we think it will admit that 1t mas
m,sapprehended the tenor Of our article.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11

Two New York sewing girls on Satur-
day bought a duck for 30 cents in whose
craw they found a diamond. which they
sold for So.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11

All letter. and kilograms must DC au-
dressed to TEE DISPATCH COMPANY.
Rejected communications will not be re-
turned.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
MORGAN R. MILLS,

No. 20 north Ninth street.
PHONES GOLD AND NEW No. ITO.
We make a speciality OF remodelling
defective plumbing and guarantee its
being done in the best sanitary manner.
Our Porcelain Baths are of first qua
lily, new styles. and very cheap.
This applies also to our complete and
modern line of Sanitary Plumbing Fix
lures. Hardwood and Slate Mantels,
Thing, Crates, and Gas Fixtures.
Wei invite the public to call and EX-
ANIME OUR STOCK.
The latest Improved "Welsbach
Gas Light reduced to 81. each, COM
plete and set in place.
SEND IN YOUR ORDERS.
fmh 2S-su, Tu&ThtJel1l
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11

All letters recommending candidates Tor
Office must be paid for TO insure their
publication. This is long standing rule
NJ oura
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
MEETINGS.


AN ADJOURNED MEETING OF THE
STOCKHOLDERS OF THE RICHMOND
PERPETUAL BUILDING, LOAN AND
TRIIST COMPANY will be held at the
office OF the company, s22 east Main street,
ON TUESDAY, May 18th, at $50 O'Clock
Z. NJ. HENRY >. III IILhR,
my GOT Cashier.
THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
STOCKHOLDERS OF THE HOLLY
WOOD CEMETERY COMPANY will be
held at the City Bank on TUESDAY, May
L. -'''' r. T. BROOKS.
my ltd Secretary and Treasurer.
THE VIRGINIA STATE BOARD OF
DENTAL, EXAMINERS will meet In the
Canitol at Richmond TUESDAY, May IL.
1891. at 10 o'clock A. NJ, TO examine candi-
dates to practice dentistry in Virginia.
only graduates of reputable dental col
leges are eligible TO examination. For In
formation and permits apply to the secre-
tary at Wytheville.
]. V. Halter, Secretary.
APP l0-Sa5t&t Ny II
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11
SEAS0NABLE GOODS.

DA nDV4y II Dhb OOOOce
ARCTIC ICE-CREAM FREEZERS.
WHITE MOUNTAIN ICE-CREAM
FREEZERS.
LEONARD REFRIGERATORS. ~gr
LEONARD iCE-CHESTS.
ICE-BOWLS AND ICE-PICKS.
ICE-SHAVERS AND CAN-OPENERS.
WIRE-COVERS AND FIRE-SCREENs.
WATER COOLERS AND WATER.
FILTERS.
CHEAP MEDIUM, AND FINE GLASS.
WARE.
NEW LINE FERN DISHES.
NEW LINE COMB AND BRUSH
TRAYS.
NEW LINE LAMP GLOBES.
NEW LINE TOILET SETS.
CHEAPEST HOUSE IN THE CITY.
ALL GOODS MARKED DOWN.
PRICES TO SUIT THE TINES.
COME IN, no TROUBLE TO SHOW
GOODS.
The E. B. Taylor Co..
No. 9 East Broad Street,
No. 1911 East MainStrcet.
Zap 2s-Th. Sa&Tu)
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11

Resolutions OF respect TO deceased
members passed by societies corpora
tions. associations, or other organiza-
tions will be charged for as advertising
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11

UPTOWN OFFICE, BRoAD-sTREET
PHARMACY, $40 EAST BROAD
STREET.
WEST-END OFFICE, PARh-PLACE
PHARMACY, BELvIDERE AND MAIN
STREETS.
MANCHESTER OFFICE. 1903 HULL
STREET.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1897-05-11

IN THE CHANCERY COURT OF THH
CITY OF RICHMOND:
V. NJ. Campbell, who sues, etc. .;.;.;..
Plaintr
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1897-06-19
is iron and God made lit.
"Watch end Prny..

II never am to disremember the time
when I sawed Parson Dick Nabors off
at the knees and got two drinks instid OF
one" said old man Hiram Lucas to me
oncst upon another time.
"Recollect, Rufus, that me and Dick
Nabors was borned and bred and brung
up on farms ajinin, and had been good
friends from our early youth up to the
present writin. But in the run of time
it would seem like we had come up to
what you mought call forks of the
road. So Dack he went his way as a
preacher, whilst went mine as full.
blood Lucas and a natural-born horse
trader. One day we met up together
in town. The weather was most hella-
tious cold, and finally at last by some
hook or mercrook got Dick to go with
me for y change of breath. We nomi-
mated our pizen and poured out the
drinks, and then nothin would do Dick
but he must stand by the Scriptures
and offer up q short and fervent prayer
before he took little somethin for the
stomach's sake. And in the main time,
whilst he had his eyes shet and was
gfvin thanks, climbed up around his
drink as well as mine.
!" Where's my sperits?' says he, when
he opened his eyes and saw the circum-
Ference of the calamity.
TASK me no questions and viii tell
you no .Hes,' says j, but accordin to
the Scriptures. Dick. YOU must watch
and pray-watch as well as pray
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1897-06-19
POINTS AND OPINIONS.

Many people begin 70 look on
Mr.. Mckinley as the advance agent Of
adYersity.-Louisville Dispatch.
The reason Mr.. Hanna gets along
so well with the senate is because he
hasn't brought his throttling machine
into play.-Atlanta Constitution.
The Macon (Ga.) Telegraph says
that the gold democrats are going to
stand together. Yes, and they could
do it in the state of Delaware and not
crowd the state's line.-Omaha World
Herald.
The owners of industries to be
protected under the new tariff bill have
already been raising the prices of their
products, but have not said a word
about lifting the wages of employees
Louisville Times.
IF the intelligent farmer will,
after the passage of the Dingley bill,
sit down on his plow beam and figure
out bow much more everything he buys
will cost him and how little everything
he. has to sell will be raised in price
DY II ne VIII HAVE liO dflBGuIby III uC-
ternining who is protected. ."-Colum-
bus CO., Press.
So long as we are shut in be-
hind the wall of Chinese protection,
which not only keeps foreign goods out,
but shackles our export trade by keep
ing our products in, high wages are
paid until oyerproduetion and the
clogged home market compel the shut
ting down of the mill. Then there are
no wages at alLN. Y. Times.
The republican senators ysaio are
holding an autopsy on the mangled re-
mains of The Englay bill apnaar to have
come to one sane conclustesa. They
have been forced to acknowledge that
prohibitory tariff viii not produce
revenue. However effective it may be
In fostering nonopolies It will not cure
deficit. They are therefore compelled
20 osiipolement the restrictive tariff with
scme sesa,sa faxes.-N. x. Hp5'orld.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1897-06-19
OPELOUsAs, LOUISIANA, SATURDAY, JUNE 10, 1897.

sheep and bulloehg and chickens for
food they would do without flesh for
long time. It takes a hard heart and
a strong man to butchera lamb, and yet
it has to be done. ] don't mean a hard
ened heart, but heart that will not
faint at sight of pain or blood, My
mother would not kill a chicken, but she
would dress it and cook 1t without OBJ
lection. 1 have wrung their heads eff,
but / wouldn't do it now for my own
sake. AS we grow older we grow kinder
and have more respect for the life that
God gave to all His creatures. That is.
except snakes. I never hesitate about
killing snakes. Uncle Sam killed lit
tie one in the lower corner of the garden
last week and my wife hasent been in
those parts since, for she still insists
that where there is one there are two.
But don't blame woman for her an
tipathy to snakes. They gave old moth
er Eve a great trouble and it has sur
vived to all her daughters. In sorrow
thou shalt bring forth children and thy
desire shall be to thy husband and he
shall rule over thee" What an awful
curse! especially the last.
It was hard, very hard, on Eve; for
the command not to eat of the tree of
knowledge was not given to her, but to
Adam before Eve was created. Maybe
Adam did not tell her in an impressive
manner.
Nevertheless the curse is upon her and
will remain SO until she joins the angels,
1 reckon.-Bill Arp, in Atlanta Consti-
fIltion