The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1897-07-29

was soon evident that this was the
work OF Jay Gould, who was thunder
Ing against the coal roads, and having
ooutrol Of two newspapers hts attack
In the stock market was reinforced by
his money articles" Next to New
Jersey Central be seemed determined
to control Delaware, Lackswanna and
Western, which as his money articles
boldly announced must go into tho
hands of a receiver" The result was
that this stock sank to twenty-five,
while New Jersey Central seemed TO
have no bottom. Gould kept on, and
the panic led the old shareholders 10
get out" while they had anything left.
The result was a day in the stock ex-
change similar to BLACK Friday" In
the gold room, and as It occurred on
the same day of the week It was called
BLACK Friday No. q" New Jersey
Central sold down to seven and the
stock exchange became so demoralized
that ii closed its doors for one day
in order to recover from the awful
strain.
In reality. Gould created two BLACK
Fridays" In the first he was a bull
and in the second bear. The bull
movement was planned TO help the
Erie road. He saw that an increased
imitation would advance the price OF
western products and increase freight
in quantity even " the price for trans
portation was not increased. To ac-
commodate his purpose he forced up
the price Of gold 40 per cent. in one
day. This ruined many men who had
to pay heavy duties and created the
panic which has since been known as
! the first Black Friday. OF course
| Gould made enormous profits on the
| gold transaction as we'll as upon his
stock operations. When his purpose
had been accomplished he released his
| hold and gold suddenly dropped to its
| former quotation.
The excitement Of BLACK Friday"
was based on the ruin Of its victims.
| 1t is said that the advance in gold on
that day made a difference to A. I.
Stewart of $4,000. He could bear 1t.
but in other instances 1t swept away
the accumulations Of years. Wall
street then became conscious that
| new power had arisen, and when peo-
pie asked who il was the reply would
sometimes be that black eyed little
The Vacation schools under the man
aSe;nent Of the New YORK association
for improving the condition Of the
poor are now open. II Is believed that
thousands of children will avail them
selves of a chance to secure education
at the schools during the summer.
The accomm odatfons for these schools
which have not been equal to the de-
mands upon them have been greatly
increased this year. Four additional
buildings will be put into use. These
schools were first inaugurated three
years ago. when the attendance WAS
| less than 10000. Last year the attend
ance had increased TO more than 100,-
900 and 5000 children were refused ad-
mission for want of room.
In the school work, books are abol-
ished. and manual training takes their
| place. The eye. ear and hand are edu
! Gated. The smallest children have a
| Jolly time of II and are instructed on
kindergarten lines. Little boys receive
| instruction in paper folding, cutting,
| pasting, the simpler forms OF sewing,
| singing. military drill and clay model
| ling. Older girls are taught sewing.
cutting out. dressmaking, singing.
/ modelling and composition. They are
| allowed each day half an hours i'm
! promptu dancing TO pianforte accom-
| paniment Boys are instructed in clay
| modelling, wood cutting, carpenting,
designing, composition, map drawing,
vocal music and military drill. Self
| government clubs are introduced to
promote spirit Of seif-reliance and 20