davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Van Buren press., 1897-10-30
FARMER ANDPLANTER.
BARNARD MANURE.
Dn Its Proper Management Much of Its
Value Depends,

On It's Proper Management Much of Its
Value Depends,
The scientific basis upon which the
best and most economical methods of
managing barnyard manure rest has
claimed much attention recently from
number OF the most prominent seien-
titic men of the old world. Recent eff
fort has been very largely directed to
the practical end Of simplifying meth
DDS OF management and preservation,
for it is clearly understood that only
the fertiliziug matter OF barnyard ma
nure is in so dilute and bulky a form
that only the simplest methods of ma
nipuiation can be proftably applied
to it.
The object sought is very simple
and definite one. but the means by
which II is to be attained must be de-
veloped by scientific investigation of
the most complex and comprehensive
kind. The changes which manure un-
dergoes, which it induces in the soil,
and which determine to large extent
its fertiizing value, are mainly the
work of miero-organisms. A study of
these changes therefore requires not
only most careful work ON the part of
the chemist, but also painstalSing
study of the baeteriologist; and since
the conclusions reached by these ex-
perts must be confirmed by actual tests
ia the field. the investigation of this
subject furnishes an opportunity for
profitable cooperative work by at least
three departments OF an experiment
station.
Since the direct fertilizing value of
manure depends so largely on the nj
trogen which it contains, it will be
found that the investigators above re-
ferred to have given their attention
mainly to a study of the availability.
changes and causes and prevention of
loss Of this element in manure
Probably the most interesting fact
brought out is that coarse manure and
litter, especially wheat straw, contain
an active denitrifying organism. It
has been observed that when such
material is literally applied to
the soil. the available nitrates
present are converted into un-
available forms, the application Of
manure resulting in many cases in n
decreased rather than an increased
yield Of crop. 1t has been shown, how
ever. that this effect is not likely to be
noted unless manure is applied in un-
usually large amounts. Still, this is a
subject of great scientific Importance,
and demands that in the study of
methods of management Of manure the
effort should be made TO develop sys-
tens Of preservation which viii not
only prevent harmful changes in the
nitrogen, but also reduce to a mini
mum the activity of the denitrifying
organisms, which may pro,s 50 inju-
rious to the soil.-Southern Cultivator.
The Van Buren press., 1897-10-30
FAMILY CHEESE.
Simple Plan by Which 1t Can be Readily
Made.

In making cheese by the dairymen
ut home, where they do not have vat
with a heating arrangement under
meath. the milk can be heated in tin
heater set in kettle in which there is
q quantity of water. A dairy kettle is
best, a kettle and stove combined. If
you do not have this you can use q
ealdron kettle set in an arch, if there
is draft enough SO that it will not
smoke, as the smoke will taint the
milk, then by filling the tin heater with
milk and warming it up to about 100
degrees Fahrenheit, and turning it
in the vat and filling it up again and
heating it, and continuing to do so un-
til the temperature of the milk in the
vat is s6 derees farenheit, it could all
be warmed. Then add rennet extract,
reduced with one quart of cold water,
at the rate of three ounces to 1000
pounds of milk, thoroughly stirred, so
that it will be evenly distributed
through the whole mass of milk. When
the curd is hard enough SO that
it will cleave from the side of the
whey pressed away by laying
the back of the hand upon it,
cut it. using the perpendicular knife,
and cut as even as possible. Then stir
it until the whey begins to separate
quite freely. Then dip off whey and
i'll the tin heater and warm up to
about 100 degree Fahrenheit and turn
in the vat, and continue To do SO until
the temperature is brought up to 9S
degrees Fahrenheit at which point il
should be kept until the curd becomes
firm. and when squeezed up in the
hand, it will fall apart readily,
and by taking and squeezing the
moisture out of it and touching it to
a hot iron, it will draw out fine
threads about one-half inch in length.
Then draw off all the whey and stir
the curd unit! the whey IS thoroughly
drained out of it, and then stir in salt
al the rate of two pounds OF salt to
], 900 pounds of milk. Pile up the curd
on the side of the vat and cover up
with a cloth and let it remain about
one hour, stirring it up occasionally,
then put To press aud press it lightly
at first n "a hours the cheese may be
taken out and muslin baudage put
about it. The cheese should be kept
in a cool room ard be turned, creased
and rubbed every day.-DiXie Farmer.
The Van Buren press., 1897-10-30
BRANDY FARMERS.
French Peasants who Form a Dis
tfnct Glass.


The brandy farmers of Charente are
n distinct class. Every one Of them
even if ne owns no more than patch of
six or seven acres, has his own still
and manufactures his own spirits. Most
OF the stills which | saw were mere
shanties of the most primitive tpye.
like Highland Dothies or the rude huts
in which Illicit "potheen" used to be,
and | dare say even now is. manufae-
tlired in some wild parts of Ireland. The
apparatus is of the simplest kind-lusf
"a boiler. with receiver and the worm
or serpentine, a mere tube thrust into
a big cylinder of cold water. There are
usually two of these humble stills in
operation. and wood is generally used
as fuel When the farmer commences
making his brandy he continues work
ing his still day and.night until he has
converted all his wine into spirits The
brandy mt this stage is perfectly color
less. and contains the whole of the es-
sential oil which has subsequently to be
removed by drastic process of filtra-
ton. This, however. the farmer leaves
10 the merchant to whom he brings his
brandy for sale
Many of these brandy farmers are
very wealthy was told of one worth
c100OOo. another. 10000, a third.
60O0O. and considerable number
with $4,000 and 100000 apiece-sums
which figure out magniticently it
francs. But TO look at them you would
fnescr guess that they possess as many
pence as they have poands. For, how
ever rich they may be. they still retain
the dress aud style Of peasants. They
make no attempt 20 ape the manners
and fashions of those above them.
Each generation is content to liVeas its
PREDECESSOR did-a frugal, hard-work-
/ inr life. with its occasional holidays
and juuketings. and the exercise of
that thrift which Is "a French peasants
highest pleasure hamhefs loHrnal-
The Van Buren press., 1897-10-30
HERE AND THERE.

Good home-cured pork is a luxury
for winter use, and it is also a means
for procuring "a greater profit from the
hogs than will be made by sending
them TO market on foot.
The south will never truly prosper
while she ships 'out raw materials aud
ships in finished products-sells cotton
by the bale and buys it by the yard,
with two freights added.
IA merciful man is mercitul TO his
beast" Therefore, one who is not
mercful 10 his beast is cruel. Cruelty
is crime that ought TO be punished by
law. IL is so punished in many states
1t ought TO be 50 punished everywhere.
Insect enemies do less damage
where frequent rotation is praeticed,
because, often, where they will thrive
on one crop they will starve ON an.
other, and IL we can starye them oat it
will be better than to use insecticides.
The result from feeding green
bones has caused a revolution in the
economy of production in winter.
They are rich in albumen. phosphate
Of lime and phosphoric acid, all Of
which 20 10 make eggs and egg shells.
The farmer who works drained
land is less at tie mercy of the Gle.
ments. and viii be vastly more apt TO
have good crops ia bad years, and that
IS just when IL pays best to have them.
II your land needs draining, drain it.
sheep are manure spreaders rather
than manure makers. aud al depends
upon the supplies gisen them. We feed
them material from which they take
their toll and give US bacA the remaiu-
der. transformed into "a substance OF
almost equal value with that whios
they recei ired
The Van Buren press., 1897-10-30
"sLuE BLOOD. !"
Origin Of the Term Witch Is so Cons
monty Used.

Origin Of the Term Which Is so Come
monty Used.
Blue blood. in the sense of aristo-
cratic blood. is from the Spanish san
gre azul,s which implies the notion
that some of the oldest and proudest
families Of Spain, never tainted by in
termarriage with the Moorish invaders.
Kept their blood of purer tint than that
OF common people William II. Pres
cot, the American historiau in one of
his works on Spanish history, speaks
of the anxiety shown by the modern
Spaniard TO prove that the sangre azul,
blue blood, flows through his veins, nn-
contaminated by any Moorish or jew
ish tainth Before the invasion of the
Moors the kings and mobiles of Spain
were almost without exception descend
ants of the Gothic eonquerors of the
Pyrenean peninsula, who retained the
blonde hair and pale complexion of
the German race. Among the fair-
haired-people the veins Of the skin are
usually visible, on the hand as well as
upon the forehead. They appear of
a blush tint, while the blood vessels
of the dark-haired races, with olive
colored complexion, cannot be seen
through the skin. The ignorant classes
of the subiugated tribes believed the
blood of the blonde races to be really
blue. Speaking of families Of blue
blood meant the ruling class, the aris-
teeraey of the nation. Lamartine, the
French poet. in fguratiye language.
mentions the red blood of the Gauls
and the blue blood of the Germans
in the dominion of art an interesting
contrast is found in two pictures of the
Virgin with tile Infant, both by Muriile,
one in the Vatican at Rome, the other in
a church at sevilla, Spain. The former
represents Jesus as dark-haired, be-
cause it was painted for the Italians.
Int in the picture at seyilla. strange to
say. the Madonna bears the olive eoun-
tenanee and black hair of the Spanish
women. eolors found in Murillo's street
urchins. The Infant Saviour, however,
has blonde hair and the clear complex
ion Of the 6ermanic race, with its blu
ish veins.-Baltimore Sun.
The Van Buren press., 1897-10-30
SUCCESS IN FARMING.
Good Management is ons Of the Priroe
Factors.

Success in farming does not depend
more on the size Of the farm than on
its management II matters not how
large or small a farm may be, il it is
poorly managed it will not be sue
cess. Management is every thing. 1t
is doubtless true that a large farm,
properly managed, viii yield greater
returns than a small oae, providing
there is an ample supply Of capital
10 back it We take this view from
tbe fact that there IS Crater
scope for the use Of improved ma-
chiuery. improved live stock, etc, than
can possibly b. had upon q small farm.
Waite this may be true ofa large farm.
yet a very small farm. consisting OF
only q few acres lmore propssiy gar
den.. situated near alarge clty.and de
voted principally TO small fruite her
r.es and vegetables VIII occasionally
The Van Buren press., 1897-10-30

yield greater returns per acre fol. the
capital Invested than very large farm.
Now the size Of the farm must depend
upon the man. Some men have better
management than others and have the
ability to oversee large forces of men
and do business oa a large scale. Such
men can successfully manage a large
farm. A man who likes TO patter
around by himself and who has but
little executive ability, might do well
on u small farm, but would make mis-
erable failure in trying to run a large
farm. Hence success in farming de-
pends less upon the size of the farm
than ON its management-Home and
Farm
The Van Buren press., 1897-10-30
We'll Fed, We. .Workefi.

When horses are well fed they are
generally well worked. In the course of
time they acquire strength and endur-
anee, which the undomestieated horses
can rival. Solid food has, perhaps, a
good deal to do in the production of
such yigor, but the work has much
more. Without work no kind or guam
tity OF food will make d trotter or
runner. To encounter extraordinary
labor the horse must be trained to
it. and while training he must
be fed on solid food, or at least
upon rich food. 4 mixed diet is in
some eases better than that composed
of only two or three articles. Oats and
hay form the ordinary food of stabbed
horses. In summer little grass is
frequently added and in winter little
corn, but a great nun Der of horses kept
in town receive nothing but oats and
hay all the year round.
For those that do only moderate
work these two articles. with a weekly
feed of bran, seem to be sufficient. But
others, whose work is more laborous
and often performed in stormy wealth
er, are the better for more complicat-
ed diet more especially when the ordi-
nary food is not of the best quality
Southern Cuitiyator.
The Van Buren press., 1897-10-30
Breaking I'D The settera.

There are many ways to "break up'
hen that is setting the majority Of
which methods, however, being cruel
and unnecessary. The best mode is to
have coop two feet square aud Is
inches high. with openings ON top.
bottom and sides; that is the top bot
tom and sides, should be of stats. So that
should the hen sit.on the floor of the
coop it will be cool under her, the
open sides preventing seclnson. The
hen should be fed but once daY. on
lean meat, and should have all the wa
ter desired. Should storms appear the
coop should be under shelter, but 9TH
erwise it should be placed in the most
frequented place on the farm. Such
an arrangement IS not cruel, as is the
case when ducking, etc, is resorted to,
and the hen will cease TO set in two or
three days. Better than this is to al
low the hen to set aud hatch brood.
1t is her natural method of resting
from laying, and she VII lay more
eggs in a year if allowed to set, as exo
periments show that II hen IS broody
and is ''broken up she will lay but
few eggs before she will become broody
again, hence it IS saving OF time to
allow her to hatch and raise brood
as the chicks viii also be a source Of
proit.-Mirror and Farmer.
A better way and more convenient is
simply to turn the hen out Of the yard
for about three days Ia some cases
four DAYS are reqnired.-Farm and
Ranch
The Van Buren press., 1897-10-30
Prevention Better than Cure.

Prevention is better than cure. With
proper care, animals will rarely be.
come sick, and when the do, oftener
than otherwise they have to get well
without the Intervention of medi cine.
Some people potter around and think
they are doing wonders in the way of
taking care of their stock, and what
they do may be all right. 1t is what
they don't do that brings the trouble.
One little feature that ought TO be
attended to may and often is
overlooked, and al the good
work is thereby brought to naught.
We know farmer who habitually
gives his stock good, wholesome food
in carefully-ad justed quantities, keeps
the surroundings clean, gives them the
variety OF food that their natures re-
quire, don't oYerworl1, etc; but he has
u good deal OF sickness among his cows,
horses and poultry. 1t is our opinion
that all the trouble arises from the
barn-yard well, which has the seepage
OF large lot and several stables. The
farmer himself frequently drinks from
this we'll Last year he had two cases
of typhoid fever in his family. Look
to all the details-the only safe PLAN
Farm and Ranch
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-04-21
A TURKISH ACCOUNT.
Report That Ottoman Arms Prevail
Eyerywhere.

WASHINGTON. April 2o.--Accordlng 70
Official dispatches received by Moustapha
Bey, the Turkish minister. from Constan-
tinople under date Of April 10 the Turks
have not only gained decided advantages
In the Northwestern frontier of the neigh
borhood OF Miiouna. but have repulsed the
attack Of the Greek feet on Prevesa The
commander Of the Turkish forces at Elias
soma reports that all Of the fortified posi-
lions commanding Tyrnavo. next to the
last foruhcgtions north OF Larissa, have
been captured by the Ottoman troops.
The Greeks evacuated their entreneh-
ments in panic. leaving their camp equip
ment. thirty cases OF cartridges and sew
eral stands OF arms.
The position OF Velitxo. which was oc-
cupied by bands OF Greek irregulars on
their nrst advance into Turkish territory,
has also been captured by the Turks. The
commander assures the porte that the
forward movement today Is the most i'm
portant attempted. and Is expected to re-
suit In a decisive and important Turkish
victory.
The Turkish commander OF the army at
Janina reports that the Greek naval
forces which had bombsrded Prevesa
both from the sea and gulf sides has been
dispersed. one section retreating up the
Gulf Of Arta and the other standing away
10 sea In the direction OF the Ionian ISL
snds. Contrary 70 the claims Of thu
Greeks. the Turkish commander reports
the PreveSa defenses unlnjured hv tha
naval bomharGment
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-04-21
pre.ideutiaI Nominntion.

WASHINGTON. April 20.--Among the
nominations transmitted to the senate to-
day were the following:
State-John A. Merritt Of New York, to
be third assistant postmaster general.
Tnterior-James l.. Davenport. Of New
Hampshire, TO be first deputy commissions
er of pensions, Leverett Milly. OF Illinois
to be second deputy commissioner OF pen
sions: William A. Jones. OF Wisconsin, 10
be commissioner OF Indian affairs.
Treasury-John p. Jackson. TO be col
lector OF customs for the district OF san
Francisco; William Young0lood. OF Ala
bama. 10 be auditor Of the interior.
Jusfice-N Hilton G. Phillips. 10 be attor-
ney OF the United States for the Eastern
district OF Wisconsin.
Navy-Passed Assistant Engineer Theo-
aore e Burgdorff TO be chief engineer
AFmy-Lieut Col II G. Cook, OF the Fourth
infantry 10 be colonel: Mai. Augustus H
Rainhrldge. OF the Tenth infantry. TO be
lieutenant colonel; Capt. Il. |. Eskridge
OF the Twenty-third infantry. 10 be major:
first lteufersnts 10 be 60 ptains-~A c..
Duckat Twenty-fourth infantry; =. o.
Coner. Twenty-third infantry: second
Heutenants 10 be first Heutenants-H.
T.yon. Seventies infantry; George D.
Norrock Seventeenth Infantry; sergeant
n he second lieutenant, /. J.. Reeves.
Fourth Infantry corporal 10 be second
lieutenant, Edward {. Walton, Fifteenth
infantry.
Postmaster-At New York city. Cornelius
Van Colt
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-04-21
FIRST ELEcrRocuTIoNs IN OHIO.
Wanderers Haas and Wiley Pay the
Extreme Penalty.

COLUMBUS, o.. April 2i.-The first
eIectrocutions in Ohio took place this
morning shortly after midnight in the
an of the Ohio penitentiary. where for
the past thirteen years capital punish
ment has been meted out TO all persons
under sentence of death in the state by
hanging. The electrical chair and appii-
ances have been In place in the old exc
cutIon room for several weeks. They are
similar to those used in New York.
Haas and Wiley. the condemned men,
passed the day In reading and religious
devotion. Haas. who Is - years Of age.
has been Indifferent to his fate ever since
his arrival at the annex. Haas had been
employed and befriended by William Bra
der, q gardener residing at Cioverdale. a
suburb Of Cincinnati. On the morning OF
July ., 1856, while Brader was absent in
Cincinnati, Haas crlI.inally assaulted
Mrs. Brader. who was the only other oc-
cupant of the house except himself, and
then cut her throat with a razor. To cover
up the crime Haas set fire to the house
and fed. but some blackberry pickers saw
the smoke issuing from the house in time
to prevent its burning. Haas was arrest
ed on the afternoon of the same day at
Hamilton, o.. and taken to Cincinnati,
where by degrees confession was Sc
cured from him.
Wiley murdered his wife on the west
side of Cincinnati twenty days after Haas
committed his crime. Wiley was insanely
jealous of his wife. and. as 1t transpired,
without cause.
An examination OF the bodies after they
had been removed TO the prison morgue
did not disclose even the slightest abra-
sion or irritation OF the skin at the points
OF contact. and the physicians and ex-
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-04-21
ON TYRNAyo HEIGHTS.
Greeks Gather for q Last Stand
Against Their yictors-

AfLOUSA PASS, April 2o.-Morning.-
Active preparations for q general advance
have been In progress since dayoreak.
During the night the Greeks established
themselves on the heights near Tyrnavo.
opposite the position which the Turks cap
tured last evening. Nechal Pasha opened
the attack upon this position this morning
with % brisk firing from behind the de-
lenses. The combatants have not yet
come into close quarters. The Greeks
brought UP several pieces OF artillery.
which were speedily siIenced.
The Greeks are now concentrated near
Tyrnayo. whether in great strength Is not
known. Greek reinforeements have been
seen crossing the plain il the direction of
Tyrnavo.
Three batteries OF Turkish artillery have
arrived from Monasur.
GFunekon Pasha is now with the Turk
ish troops.
LONDON. April ao.-The officials of the
Turkish embassy here believe from the
wording of Edhem Pasha's dispatches to
the Turkish government that the Greeks
VIII make no great stand until the Turks
reach I.arssa. where the main battle, IT
is thought. will be fought This seems
probable. as Prince Constantine the Greek
commandsr-In-chfef. has left Tyrnavo for
Larissa.
Several British officers, both on the ac-
tive list and belonging to the reserve. have
offered their services At the Turkish en-
hassy. one OF them offering 10 equip thirty
men for service against the Greeks and to
bear all the expenses Of taking them to
the frontier. The officials OF the embassy
have referred all such offers to the gov
eminent NJ Constantinople.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-04-21

Special Dispatch TO the Poss-Inteiligencer.
SNOHoMISH. April 2e.-Four new hum
Der mills are now under construction
here. one OF which viii commence cut
ting next week. Capt J. G. OConner,
recently Of the Cedar Mil Company, has
built 10 900 per day mill Just across the
river from town. The mil has been
fitted up with the most improved ma
chinery. and win be run continuously cay
and night. Some twenty men viii be en-
ployed In connection with eae mill. The
dry house has a capacity OF &0o.vVo. ana
will be connected with the Great Northern
railway by q tramway.
Just above the OConner mill e. II.
Ames & Co., recently OF Buckley, have
commenced work on a mill that Wall have
a capacity OF 80, o00 shingles per day and
will employ thirty-five men The ma
chinery is already on the ground.
On the north side Of the river, just be-
low Ferguson's wharf. II. c. Knapp is
Just completing combination saw and
single mill which win employ number
of men and have a large capacity.
Four mills are already in operation here.
and with the four now being built the
total output viii be eoo. 900 shingles per
day.
]. F. Weber & Co. have been operating
the Cyclone mill for the past FIVE years.
They employ twenty-three men and have
a capacity Of 12o. 900 daily.
kanney q Sons are operating the old
Mudgett mill. west of town. and with
eighteen men an average cut OF zoo oce per
week is made. The mill 10 on the Walker
place. and connects with the Everett 81
Monte Crfsto railroad with tramway.
In the north end u. g. Buck Is operating
the Cedar Mill Company's mill. that has
averaged 5000 per day for the past eight
months. employing eighteen men.
Morgan Bros. with their big Eastern
trade. are doing an excellent business IN
the same vicinity with their combination
saw, single and sash and door MILL
They have been running for years, and
employ a large number of men.
Nearly all the mills here thai are not
running night and day are putting in ex-
ira hours. and all are now crowded with
orders.