davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The leader., 1897-02-03
WOMEN AND THE PROFESSIONS.
Views of Europ~en Teachers ON Their
AptttudeIa the Sciences

Aptitudeln the Sciences
Some years ago q Berlin journalist,
Arthur Kirchoff, addressed circular
to over 100 German professors and men
Of letters, requesting their opinion on
the admission of women to university
education. AS regards admitting them
TO the same classroom as male students.
there is in Germany a general agree
ment on the part of German professors.
The object Is twofold-First, the dam
ger lest the presence of young ladies'
should disturb the attention Of the men
Students; and secondly, the liability OF
the professors TO descend TO the level
of their female auditors.
In the domain of medicine and sci
ence the German physicians arc said
in general TO have little faith in the pos
sibiIity of women attaining superiority
in these branches. CAS- the result OF per-
sonal experiences" writes DIR. Freund,
director of the university clinique at
Strasburg, "the aptitude OF women for
medical studies does not rise beyond
mediocrity. All that can be done by
zeal, application, order ard persever-
ance, they accomplish. They fail, to an
extraordinary extent, in manual adj
Dress" Here it should be pointed out
that, according to the testimony of DIR.
Johannes Orth, director of the patho-
logical institute at Gottingen, women
are decidedly more adroit with their
fingers than men.
But, DIR. Freund declares tina" as prac-
titioners, they have never risen above
the ordinary standard" IN science,
he says, at is mediocrity. Until now
a woman has never set herself to solve
great scientific problem: She has
never found an original solution to even
an easy problem" Prof. Adolph Guss-
crow, at present at the charity hospital
in Berlin, taught for five years in Zu-
rich, where there were many female
students among his pupils. His expert
ence was that with q few exceptions
all the ladies manifest much carnestness
and application and display sort of en-
| thusiasm for their work" His astonish-
ment was accordingly all the greater
| when it turned out that, with one or
| two exceptions, the standard of their
examinations scarcely attained the
| average of ordinary students"
DIR. Birch-Hirshfeld, director of the
| pathological institute at the University
of Leipzig, confirms this impression
even among our most capable lady stu
dents we find difficulty to apprehend
| the relations of scientific experiments
one with the other, and to bring them
under general ideas, although they have
surprising facilities in accommodating a
| store of notions of details" In other
| terms, woman lacks the faculty of
synthesis," and nearly all authorities
consulted agree on this point. They ad-
nit that women may become druggists
or dentists, assistant doctors and
nurses; they will never become great
physicians, and as for surgery, that is
not to be thought of-they have not the
necessary physical strength for that.
On the other hand, professors of math-
enatics express themselves much more
fayorably with regard to the aptitude of
women for these higher studies. They
are said to have marked dispositions
for this most abstract of abstract sci
ences." Chicago Chronicle.
The leader., 1897-02-03
SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH.
Southern Writer'S Emphatic Belief In
Negro Education.

A friend writing from Atlanta, Ga.
incloses a clipping from an Atlanta
journal ON the education of the negro
This article states that during the last
26 wears 16 former slave states have ap
propriated nearly SSO,ooo,ooo for negro
schools; that their policy during the
last 16 years, persistently pursued
against great obstacles. shows that the
south is irrevocably committed to two
propositions: First, the support of ne
gro schools by general taxation; sec.
ond, the separation of The schools foi
the whites and negroes. The article
goes on to affirm that under this policy
40 per cent. of the iiliteracy of the ne
81 oes has disappeared; that there are
over $1,000 negro teachers in the south
ern states, and their number, as well a.
the number of negro pupils, is steadily
increasing; and that there are in thu
south 1872 institutions for the secondary
and higher education of negroes, in
Guiding 80 colleges. Our correspondent:
adds:
"Our section is aroused as to the neee
of more and better schools. Occasion
al editorial reference by yoC to the in
famous Sheats bill makes it clear to u.
that even you have failed to grasp the
real meaning of the contention. Sup
lose YOU let US work it out. Our point
of view is not the same and | can mag
ire the burning denunciation yo,
would shower upon northern editors
if you lived in the midst of a popula.
ton of five-s!xths negro, and saw the
harm that such utterance caused. We
like. the negro. Our children prefer &
negro to a white comrade, and the feel
ing is fully -eciprocated by the en-
franchised race. Trust the solution o.
the problem TO us"
We have repeatedly in these columns
emphasized the truth that the south be,
lieves in the education of the colore6
people and has attested its faith by its
works. We are glad to give this evi.
dence which our correspondent fur.
nishes of the truth of this declaration
so often made by us. Moreover, we are
of the opinion that separate schools ana
separate churches are generally better;
that separation is desired al present by
both races; and if this desire were ever
simply due to race prejudice, it would
be necessary to wait until time and pa,
thence should eradicate it. We call tho
Sheats bill an Infamous" one not be,
cause it provided for separate schools
but because it made it a criminal of.
Tense for white parent who wished tc
do so to send his child to n negro school
thus requiring him, in case no Other
provision was made for the educa tion OF
white children, 10 leave his child tc
grow up in ignorance. IL is not neces
sary to enforce the laws of nature by
statutory penalties. So long rs the state
provides adequately separate schools
for colored and white pupils, it should
allow white pupils to enter the coloreG
schools in the very rare exceptional
cases in which they wish to do scout.
look.
The leader., 1897-02-03
CALIFORNIA HISTORY.
Only Accident Prevented 1t from Becom-
ing Russian Territory.

ing Russian Territory.
Nothing perhaps but the accident OF
the establishment of the Hudson Bay
company and the Northwest Fur com
pany saved northern California from be
coming Russian province. Nirtus
Eering closed life of adventure by
planting the Russian flag in Alaska ir
1741. Four years later Sitka was
founded. A quarter of a century
elapsed before the Spaniards undertook
their first northward advance from San
Diego and Monterey. If the English
fur hunters had not interviewed between
the two Spaniards and Russians would
have grayitated toward each other, and
in that case the chances are that the
Golden Gate and the Sacramento would
have been the dividing line between
them.
Until the close of the eighteenth cen
fury hunting and fishing on the Alaskan
shores were conducted by individual en-
terprise. The fur seal and sea otter
were hunted by Siberians, who sailed
the stormy seas of the north in craft
sewn together with thongs and caiked
with moss. They belonged to the prim-
tive order of sayages, among whom rob-
berry, outrage and murder were the or
binary events of the day, and at whose
hands the meek Aleut bent his neck to
he knife as the inoffensive Peruvian had
crouched before the countrymen of Pi-
zarro century before. In the last
wear of the eighteenth century order
was established in Russian America. A
company, in which the members of the
imperial family and the Muscovite no
bility were shareholders, was founded
on the plan of the British East India
company and the Hudson Bay company.
Exclusive rights of hunting AMI fishing
were conferred upon it. It's jurisdic-
ton within its territory was as broad
as that of the car himself. The Aleuts
and their neighbors held their lives and
property at its mercy. They were not
only slaves, but no slave code threw over
them q semblance of protection. Over
this corporation was set Gen. Baranoff,
whom Astor's agent, Hunt, described
as hyperborean veteran, overfiowing
with hospitality, who, if his guests do
not drink raw rum and boiling punch as
strong as sulphur, will insult them
when he gels drunk, which will be
shortly after he sits down to the table.
He served the company faithfully for 30
years, and then was thrown over to
starve at the age of 72.-San Francisco
Chronicle.
The leader., 1897-02-03
WIT AND WISDOM.


--"Upcle Hiram, your pumpkins at
the fair are enormous this year"
'Ya-as Ihelped 'em along tn my dar-
ter's new bisickle pump."-Chicago
Herald.
-"Maw, didn't you tell me that Miss
Mature and her brother Bob was
twins?" yes, Jimmie" "Must be some
mistake, for he told me he was IS, and
she says she's 24."-Detroit Free Press.
-Manager-"where's the living skel-
eton, Joe? It's his turn to go on" Gen
eral Utility Boy-"IIe's went an slipped
while he was washing bis hands, and
went down tn waste pipe.'-Twinkles.
-She-"I'm sure you love me no
longer. Now, do not deny it. can see
the change in you. I'm no fool. You
should have married somebody stu
pider." He-"I couldn't find one!"-
Judy.
-"What sent that dog away bowling
SOP" asked the 'possum. "Oh," said the
porcupine, "he was nosing around for
information, and kindly supplied him
with few nts."-Indianapolis Jour
nal.
A Promising Candidate.-"Do you
think they will allow us to scorch in the
next world?" asked the bicycle crank.
'Some of you will get permit, sure
answered his little wife, who had long
been Jealous of his wheel.--Detroit Free
Press.
Mrs. Smith thoughtfully)-"l'm
afraid shall have to stop giving Bobby
that tonic the doctor left for him." Mr..
Smith (anxiously)-"Why, isn't he any
bctter?" Mrs. Smith-"Oh yes! But
he has slid down the banistcrs six times
this morning, broken the hall lamp, two
vases, pitcher, and looking glass,
and don't feel as though l could stand
much more. "-IIarper's Bazaar.
The leader., 1897-02-03
-us uNsRoKEN HEART.
A False Alarm.

A False Aiafns
-,,,rs at the window, and his lit
Tie hos s.SS his face to kiss me, with
As he w. against the pane;
BIS nrt-but without kissins--in vexa-
fssn IAN seized my hat; shat wo,,a
uVn ,osfled. and / knew that wouia
u nA1 ,, catch the train.
bals,s faintly: Papa, kiss me'' as
csHss, lied Tld out the gate; 4,
hurit tine was all too scanty ana 1
But Wy s1y couldn't walt,
reans the distant whistle and knew
" that 1 was Intoxicating .e, in the town.
And my WorN
sitting at the window, and as town.
Dc ard rolled the tram 5,n.o
.Sad hack to see the mousse anu INV
p s,A,ence watched 1t pass,
rnew that he was crying WIN his
40 a,,le might and main
M In kiss hadn't time TO press as"'iis'
fOi ,ss window glass. ,,.o
,ssoe him with his "choo-choos quite
cOusiI, .owned upon the moor
u.s. ~. w,oden blocks forgotten-ano my
Anu narent heart grew sore,
tbought: Dear God-Wha'-"iia'
~ III should never see MN ia for tbo
me window when i started Tor inc
town."
w.s sitting at the window anu MS
~ crv a little moah' IN H.,
e., mental vision saw him all that
ms and wretched day,
pne foolish, fearful fancy knew MIN
Au aying there alone, ,.,x
Wius lies that still was waiting for
hls dying Of the grieying-of the awfui,
h' awful ache ,aa or,y
" elled to break
M, n,'sbed the papers from me and de-
Anu Jared that / would take
c snt,,rnipg train and hurry from the
town.
a. vas sitting at the window as ciattereo
"a Nc tiny nose was fiattened as he
ADI messed IT to the pane,
= heord his joyful clamor, as with
~" baby heart elate
-, V "oraa med out a loyal welcome with
nv tjs little might and main.
-,, brown and sugared doughnut held
WV in either chubby fist,
AID his cherry lips a-pucker in the quaint
est sort of twist,
\. NV arms he came a-leaping, and he
" camored as | kissed:
sNoW. ven, papa. what you bling me
Chicago Record.
The leader., 1897-02-03
Earth's Nearest Planetary Neighbor.

Venus is the earth's nearest planetary
neighbour, and on that account is an in
teresting subject for a note Her
greatest distance from the sun is o.
705, 900 miles, and her least 66,7S7, 900.
which makes her orbit nearly circular.
At times, when she gets between Us
and the sun, she is only 10000 miles
away. At another time (when the plan
ct is beyond the, sun in a straight line
from us) she is 1872 100000 miles from
us. Venus is 1900 miles in diameter,
which makes her volume % per cent.
that of the earth. On the earth fall
ing bodies travel 1900 feet the first Sec
ond; on Venus, only 1874 feet. Venus
receives twice the light and heat that
the earth does, and her year is only 223
days and fraction in length.-St. Louis
Republic.
The leader., 1897-02-03
Remarkable Vermont Town.

The town of Guilford, VT, furnishes a
remarkable instance of longevity in it's
list of deaths for 1896. Out of popula-
ton of SIG there were 10 deaths record
eli, the average age being IA years. OF
these three were over 90, nine had
passed their eightieth year. thirteen
were over 10, and only one, little Guy
Miner, who was seven years of age, was
less than 53.-Chicago Tribune.
The leader., 1897-02-03
Diplomacy.

His Father-If you marry old Stubs
daughter you shan't have cent of my
money.
The Son-But, father, if don't marry
her ! can't get a cent of old Stubs
money.
His Father with a grudge to satisfy
My own boy! Marry her and render
hat old skinfiint penniless.-Pittsburgh
Chronicle-Telegr
The leader., 1897-02-03
Then the Pine Went Out.

He listened intently. 1t was his wife
and her mother talking.
mo, my DEAR" the mother was say
ing. Il must go tomorrow. | do not
believe in mother-in-law making long
visits. But before | go l want to tell
you what treasure / think you have
gained in your husband. He seems to
me to be near perfection. Are yon
sure, however, that you are not too
strict with him? Do not be quick to
chide him when he stays out until two
in the morning. Men need little lati-
tude, you know-say, two or three
times week."
The man stirred uneasily in his sleep.
The dream seemed so real.-N. Y. Press.
The leader., 1897-02-03

A bicycle race with panther was the
exciting experience of an English lady
in Singapore one evening lately. When
riding slowly homeward along road
outside of the town the cyclist found
that she was being quietly stalked by a
huge black panther. She had the pres
snce of mind to start off at full speed
and soon distanced her pursuer.-Cin-
cinnati Euuuirer
The leader., 1897-02-03

.Do you mean to say" said the soul.
full young woman, that you have never
vet met the woman whose presence
and touch thrilled your whole being ID
an utterly indescribable manner"
.Only once" said the weary young
man. at was when / was in the hands
of a woman dentist. Answers
The leader., 1897-02-03

\ fact that has recently come to
light shows new use to which human
hair has been put. During the last year
or two tons of hair have been packed
between the plates of certain parts of
war vessels. Hair is very elastic. and
thus affords very effective backing to
metal. Again, it is being used very
satisfactorily to form kind of fender
which is thrown over the side of the ves-
sci to prevent her scraping against the
dock--to take the place, in fact. of more
COMMONLY used rope Philadel-
chia Press.
The leader., 1897-02-03
-7=-------------------
Sudden Change of Subject.

MIR. Smallpurse (who has carefully
figured up the cost of two theater tick
cts and the street car fare)-Do you en-
JOY the drama, Miss Gehall?"
Miss Gehall-0h, very much; but /
become entirely worn out every time
go. You see, the play is seldom over
before half-past ten, and then it takes
fully an hour to get supper, and after
that comes the long ride home. and the
haekmen do rattle you so, you know.
Mr.. Smallpurse-Um-er-What do
you think of Browning ?-N. Y. Weekly.
The leader., 1897-02-03

Sunday-School Teacher-Now, boys,
speak right up and answer promptly.
Who carried Off the gates of GAIA?
Every Boy promptly and in chorusl
-Twan't me. | didn't touch them
Household Words.
The leader., 1897-02-03
MILK A NUTRITlvE.
A Medical Man Who Existed for Thirty
DAYS ON Sweet MIX.

Days on Sweet Milk.
A medical man expresses the belief
that person could live for any length
of time and take heavy exercise all the
while ON no other food than sweet milk
His conviction is the result of personal
experiment.
He wanted to establish the fact that
persons convalascing from sickness may
grow stronger with no other nutriment
than sweet milk, and that they are not
obliged to take something solid" tc
eat, as so many people imagine. He
holds that many a convalescent has gone
into his grave as result of overtaX'
ing his weak stomach by putting solid
food into it, and he maintains that the
old belief as to bread being the first
essential of human life is shown by
his experiment to be erroneous.
His test was to live 80 days with only
sweet milk as Il nourishment. In the
whole time he lost 51s pounds in weight
but no strength. He even attributes
the loss of weight to the warmth of the
weather and to excessive exercise OIL
the bicycle, and the daily manipula
ton of 16-pound dumbbells and other
heavy weights. He took more exercise
than usual in order to test the thing
fairly. On the seventh day of the eX
pertinent he ran several fast races ir
skillful manner, but was beaten il
each race.
On the tbirtieth day he again pitted
himself against the same runner and
got the best of his opponent, which
certainly would tend to confirm his
statement that he lost no strength dur
ing his 30 days test. He drank fou
pints of milk daily for the last week
He thinks healthy person should
take about five pints of milk daily when
no other food is being taken. His prac
tice was to drink milk at intervals OF
two hours for the day, commencing at
seven o'clock in the morning and con-
tinuing until ten at night. After that
he would take no more until the next
morning.-St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
The leader., 1897-02-03

AT this moment and at other mo-
ments," said the Cheerful idiot, "there
are thousands suffering for bread
II suppose SO" said Mrs. Hashcroft.
''And yet women will persist In vast
ing it by making pudding Of it.. Please
pass the prunes. "-Indianapolis Jour
nal.
The leader., 1897-02-03
rne FARM Anp FARMER.

An icchousc II o necessary adjunct
to every creamery. IL should be built
separate from the creamery. A house
20 feet long, 16 feet wide and 10 feet
high viii hold about 100 tons of ice.
IL an abundance of very cold water
Is at hand less ice will be needed. 1t
Is always best, however, to have plenty
of ice, and for the ordinary creamery
100 tons is a safe quantity.
1t costs only about ten per cent. more
to keep a fresh winter cow than dry
one, that is IL the dry COW is kept az
we'll as she ought TO be in order to do
well the following summer. Add to this
that the winter milk is worth on the
average 30 per cent. more than the
summer milk, and we see the superior
economy of making the COW do her best
work at that portion of the year when
it costs the most 10 keep her.
The old wells on many farms may be
regarded in the nature of an incum-
brance. If every man that sells farm
would reserve the well and remove it
with the personal property it would
often be fortunate for his successor. 1t
has always remained where it was first
located. Successive owners have rear
ranged the buildings but never dis
turbed the well. What was once good
location may now be a very poor one.
Maryland has law requiring the
horticulturist Of the state department
station to inspect all nurseries in the
state once a year and oftener if neces-
sary. The object is TO prevent the dis
semination of insect pests and diseases
upon nursery stock. The law prohibits
the sale of plants without certificate
from the inspector, under penalty of
500 for each tree, vine or plant so dis
posed of. Infected stock must be de-
stroyed. The law works well and it is
believed that other states will enact
similar legislation.
The leader., 1897-02-03
or Course Not.

Aunt Maria-But why didn't you sing
out when he attempted to kiss you"
"Why, you know, auntie. never can
sing without my notes.-Boston Tran
script.
The leader., 1897-02-03

SA.-Why do you insist that Jenny
See Is particularly accomplished?
lie -Recause she can FRY a doughnut
so it win taste like angel cake. Buffalo
Times.
The leader., 1897-02-03

CAscARETs stimulate liver, kidneys and
bowels. Never sicken weaken or grippe, 10c.
The leader., 1897-02-03

You know the man when you know the
company he keeps Rams Horn.
The leader., 1897-02-03

CPL never ask another woman to marry
me as long as / livew "Refused againp
"No; accepted. "-Tit-Bits.
The leader., 1897-02-03

JUSTICE (who had been a shopkeeper)--
ITO you it will be six months; for anybody
The leader., 1897-02-03

JUST try 10c. box of Cascarets candy ca
thartic, fnestliver and welregulator made
The leader., 1897-02-03

Fits stopped free and permanently cured.
No fits after first days use OF DR.. kline,s
Great Nerve Restorer. Free 81 trial bottle &
treatiJe. DIR. KLINE, 1888 Arch St, Phila., Pa.
The leader., 1897-02-03

1t was dark The patrolman outside
bad Just struck the first hour of the
night watch when knock was heard
at the door. Dong answered the sum-
mons. and soon ushered the old usurer
into his room. 1t was dimly lighted
up with the stump end of candle.
There was on every side every evidence
of poverty. A bed made of hard boards,
snrmounted by mosquito bar, nearly
filled one side of the apartment. A
cheap table held all his books On the
opposite side. Two stuffed backed
chairs stood beside the table, one OF
which Dong politely offered to his
guest, while he took the other.
1t was evident that Ju Dun was Sc
cretly exultant. Dong, of course, had
sent for him to beg his mercy. There
was no chance of his paying. There was
a look in JUS little black eyes which
bodied no good to anybody. However. It
smile PLAYED around his mouth as he
opened the discourse and came right
down to business:
"My dear young friend, suppose you
are now ready to cancel the note. NO?
Then YOU know the alternative. You are
bankrupt, and / renounce-
Suddenly q voice-a clear but IN
earthly voice-interrupted him with:
"You hoary-headed old sinner, you
low-born caricature of man, you OLD
sucker of pebbles, do you know who
am? am Guam King, the avenger OF
wrongs, the punisher and destroyer of
lust such pests as you. l have orders
to kill you'll"
At this point Ju Dun's face was a
studv. for the electric current was
turned on by the conspirator behind the
MOSQUITO curtain. He grew as white as
the best grade of flour. The sculptor OF
the LAGOON could not have desired a
more Mortified and agonized expression
of eountenance than the one Ju Dun eN'
hibited for model.
"Unless," continued the mysteri'
ors voice, "you tear up the note
which this young man gave you'
give him your daughter in mar
riage inside of month with suit
able dowry, and mend your graspiDs,
blood-sucking ways
These words were enforced by few
more volts of electricity.
II promise! l promise. Let me GO
and l will tear up the note and do every
thing you command"
The current was broken off at this
iuncture. His hands now being free.
Ju Dun thrust one of them into his
rocket, brought out the piece of paper
in question, and tore it into hundreds OF
fragments with the other. Then, turn,
ing to Dong, who had been watching
the execution of his scheme in state of
mind vacillating between hope and
fear, he babe him come to his house on
the morrow to arrange for the we'd
ding.
Ju Dun obeyed the gods commands
to the very letter, and to this day does
not know how he had been tricked.-.
ST. Louis Post-Dispatch.
The leader., 1897-02-03
blight"

costs cotton planters more
than FIVE million dollars an
nually. This is an enormous
waste, and can be prevented.
Practical experiments at Ala
bama Experiment Station show
conclusively that the use of
The leader., 1897-02-03
THE GENERAL MARKETS.

NOTHING is gained by starving the soul I,
feed the body.-Ram s Horn.
The leader., 1897-02-03

AFTER six years. suffering, vas cured by
Piso's Cure.-MARY THOMSON, 2913 Ohio
Ave, Allegheny, Pa, March 10, '94.
The leader., 1897-02-03

EVERYONE possesses Just enough conceit
tallx too much
The leader., 1897-02-03

EvERY temptation resisted Is trouble
escaped.-Rams Horn.