davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-04-18

four-act comedy by Madeline Lucette
Ryley. This comedy was presented for
the first time in America in San Fran
cisco, and the verdict of that critical
city was that the new play was supe-
rior in every respect to any of Mr.
Goodwin's former productions. can
American Citizen" was written ex-
pressly for Mr.. Goodwin Mr.. Good
win plays the role of a young and en-
ergetic American lawyer. His oppor-
tunities for comedy, as well as dramatic
work, in this role, are said to be great
er than in any play in which he has
heretofore appeared, and as Beresford
Cruger, in AN American Citizen" Mr..
Goodwin seems to have achieved the
most pronounced success of his career.
A feature of the scenic production will
be spirited and accurate representa-
ton of an Italian confetti festival.
The leading female role, that of
young English girl, an orphan who has
been disinherited by her father, is por-
trayed by the beautiful and talented
Maxine Elliott
The supporting company includes
such well-known artists as Clarence
LAaHuy sues FRAZER COULTER, William
Ingersoll, Louis Payne, Neil O'Brien,
L. e. Woodthorpe, Gertrude Elliott,
Estelle Mortimer and Hattie Russell
An American Citizen" will be present
ed in this city in the finished manner
that characterizes all Of Mr. Goodwin's
productions. This engagement should
prove one of the theatrical events Of
the season.
"Old Playbills" saws T r Do6cor
used to contain an outline of the OBJ
Jects for which the play was written"
Mr.. Dods0n has a programme of The
Gamester," when it was given at Man
chester at the close of 100. and it read
as follows: This celebrated TRAGEDY
is an honest attack upon one of the
most pernicious vices that Mankind in
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-04-18

SSnorus. awake Eolian Lyre". Dandy
BASS B solo, "Clang of the Forge" Mr.. John Koch
N1g9oi.dCon 49,. $500. Miss NJ. O'Connor
rh WIN 500 selected ..... Mr.. Pease
Snorus, 20, Italia Beloved" Donnizefti
SS oi solo, selected. Miss Woods
B. 49, .''' 80. ..-....s....M Master --
T Se0tra'ion ...........Niss Harper
Ienor solo, Land of the Harp
ru,,. 80. ...............Mr. Owen Morris
flute and piano duet, Swiss Boy
0 '...Miss NJ: L. Waite and Mr. r. Leak
CS.' Mrs: Baldwin and Miss Myers
S SIr US Praise Ye the Father" Gounod
MISS M. L. Waite, Mr.. Ryhs-Herbert
Mrs. Bach. aecompanisfs
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-04-18

Manager Lift has already engaged some
great star features for the second week OF
the vaudeville season, including the well
known and popular musical comedians, Wood
and Shepherd, Macart's famous dog and
monkey circus, and other features of equal
prominence
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-04-18

and the same sort Of an act that have
made Anna Held so popular.
A vaudeville programme is oftimes
not complete without ventriloquist,
one of those entertainers, who, with his
family of little folks, causes no end Of
merriment. o. A. Duncan is underlin-
ed for an appearance and has promised
to give a unique performance of this
order.
Another feature will be an acrobatfc
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-04-18

Herbert Kelley and Effie Shannon
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-04-18

The West Side Choral union win
give a musical and literary entnr+o;,l
ment in the Clinton Avenue M y
church Thursday. April % to com
mence at o'clock p. m. The nro-
gramme:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-04-18

tence. aflectation or false ideals. Yet there
Is no siekly, mawkish s2ntimentalitv abont
them. 1Hey are as broad and breezy as thar
pine-ciad nils apd their reef dotted coast
In this production of shore Acres'' Mr.
Herne VIII appear. for the first time in This
city, as Nathaniel Berry, his original crea
ton. There win. be entire new scenery.
James O'Neili tells of a funny incident that
happened in his early starring DAYS. He was
playing in Danfbn and Pythas" in Utica one
night and had come to Damon's lines .sAlasi
there is mo virtue in Syracuser' when a
burly Irishman In the gallery jumped I'D and
shouted, An there's diVi a bit in Utica.
eyther!''
The favorite song of Jessie Bartlett Davis
is Sweet Genevieve." Il can sing it better
than anything else says the charming con-
tralto, land love it better than everything
else. 1t got me every good engagement
ever had. l went to Mr.. Davis when he
was manager of the Chicago choir company.
/ wanted more money than / was getting and
l applied for an engagement. l sang Sweet
Genevieve' and got the part of Little Butter
cup. l frequently sang it by request. and Mr..
Davis fell in .ove with the song and married
the singer. When the American Opera COM
pany was getting into shape | went to sea
Theodore Thomas, and when he said he would
like to hear something knew Cow: TO sing
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-04-18

general, and this Nation in particular,
is subject. To show how Property Is
transferred from the undesigning Vo-
tary of Chance to the vile Betrayer Of
Confidence and the insidious dark
minded Sharper, was an undertaking
worthy of the Pen of the ingenious
Author"
James A Herne, the author Of
''Shore Acres" is constantly receiving
letters from people who have seen his
play in the different cities, and many
of them contain some very 1aughable
author to buy a large clock and have
Uncle Nat wind it up every night be-
fore he went to bed. Another man
wanted big wooden bars placed across
the doors to keep out tramps and rob-
bers. A third thought it would ~
good idea to ring a bell for dinner
after Helen got through blowing the
horn. A lady wrote asking Mr.. Herne
if he would not please send her his
recipe for stuffing turkey. She says:
Il have heard that New England peo-
pie can stuff chickens and turkeys
better than any other people in the
country" She agreed to send the play
wright In return her own recipe for
making mince pies "This recipe had
been in her family for over 100 years"
she said, land the quality Of mince
pies could not be eXcelled." Another
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-04-18
Not an Astronomer.

Bacon-Is he an astronomer?
Eebert-No indeed.
Some one told me he had made money out
of the stars.
-Yonkers Statesman.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-04-18

After Dinner Cigars.
Go 70 Adam Fetsch's for your fine
hey west and Domestic Cigars.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1897-09-04
How to Make scAIlop Salad.

A dish Of cold scallops, surrounded
with tomato jelly, and the whole cover
ed with well made mayonnaise, is II
very delicious and attractive one. The
jelly is very simply made. 1t is merely
the juice Of can Of tomatoes mixed
with boxes Of gelatin and made into a
firm jelly. The scallops are the most
difficult to get right, as it is next to i'm
possible to get the average cook TO real
ize that they require hardly any cooking,
one minute being an ample allowance;
otherwise they tougher, and tough,
greasy scallop is Of all things the most
indigestible as well as the most unap-
petizing. If properly cooked, scallops
are delicious, either hot or cold, with a
mayonnaise.
To fry scallops for salad put a tea
spoonful Of salt and half AZ much pepper
in half pint of fine sifted -four, roll
the scallops in it and fry in deep boiling
lard for minute only. Put in the re-
frigerator, and, when quite cold, dish
with the jelly and mayonnaise.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1897-09-04

become a trife modest. "Grest
Britain" England's Queen is the
synonym for wisdom and s,od.
ness.
Aud who are to be benefited by
that mighty change in the politics
of this Hawaiip All of us. There
will be q sure and steady If not
rapid advance in this cuuntry's
wealth = wealth Of population,
wealth of commerce, wealth of
manufactory-wealth of church,
college and home. 1t needs no
seer-it is too plain-plain as q
hatband. ut is not the country
but the breed that makes gentle.
man." and GO the world over there
cannot be found a larger percent
age of true refinement than can
be found in these islands indivi-
duslly or collectively. If there is
one thing predominant here over
other blessings it is the polite art
and all ssvages and heather who
come here are soon told to take a
few lessons. No tourist can stop
over here for even a few hours
without "minding his manners;"
and sometimes the lesson he gets
free is as good and useful as a
can opener.
Allons, mes amies a louvrsge
ANNE M. PREsCOTT.
July IA, 1897.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1897-09-04
How to Seat Your Guests.

The host leads the way to the dining
room, Offering his arm to the oldest lady
or the greatest stranger, unless it hap
pens that the dinner is given for one
lady in particular, in which case she,
as the guest of honor, is taken in by the
host and seated at his right. The other
guests follow, each gentleman giving
his arm to the lady he is to take in. The
hostess follows last, with the Oldest gen
tleman or the greatest stranger, who Is
then seated at her right.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1897-09-04

Nicely furnished rooms at the
Popular House, 154 Fort street,
from $1.00 per week up.
It's one thing to take an order
for portrait and quite another
to fill it satisfactorily. King Bros
portraits have always been known
to give satisfaction and now that
they have reduced their prices SO
low, an extra inducement is offer
ed. See what they have before
you invest.
Our work is better and our
prices are lower for enlarged
portrait work than anyone else's.
We are not making much at it,
but don't let that worry you. 1t
you have anything in this line to
be done see our samples first,
and you won't regret it. King
Bros, ITO Hotel street.
Singers lead the world. Over
100000 made and sold. High
est awards at the Worlds Colum-
bian Exposition for excellence OF
construction, regularity of motion
ease of motion, great speed, ad.
Instability, durability, ease Of
learning and convenience of ar
rangement. B. Bergersen, agent
l6t Bethel streets.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1897-09-04
How to Make Hollandaiss Sauce.

One-half teacupful butter, juice Of
lemon, yolks Of 2 eggs, spock cayenne,
one-half teaspoonful salt, one-half cup
full boiling water. Beat butter to a
cream, add yolks one ut time, then
the other ingredients. Put bowl in boil
ing water and beat with egg beater until
thick as soft custard.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1897-09-04

If you are interested in the sub
iect Of enlarged portraits, it would
be worth your while to see the
samples at King Bros. at prices
ranging from $500 to $1,000
frames and all. They can't be beat.s
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1897-09-04
A Real Scene.

Marie-I tell yer yer are false! False
to the marrer of yer hart! I've trusted
you blindly, fondly until the present
moment, and now loathe and despise
yer!
Fleurette-Heaven give me power to
restrain myself, or I'll knock the neck
oil her!-Life.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1897-09-04

Having been entrusted from busi-
ness men all over the Islands for the
past years, I am prepared to make
Abstracts of Titles or Deeds in most
thorough, accurate and complete man.
ner, and to negotiate sales or leases Of
lands belonging to those who are re.
siding at the Settlement on short no.
tice. 633-3m
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-11-03
Free of Chsrse to Sufferers.

Cut this out and take 1t to your
druggist and get sample bottle free
OF DR.. Kings New Discovery, for
consumption, coughs and colds.
They do net ask you to buy before
trying. This will show you the
greas merits OF this truly wonderful
remedy. and show you what can be
accomplished by the regular sized
bottle. This is no experiment. and
would be disastrous to the proprie-
tors, did they not know IL would in
variabiy cure. Many Of the best
physicians are now using it in their
practice with great results, and are
relying on II In most severe cases.
II IL guaranteed. Trial bottles free
a. Hartz & Uilemeyer's drug store.
Regular size so cents and 81.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-11-03

Owing TO tie continued fight OF
the gold democrats the repu bi!cars
have triumphed again in Scot:
county, aoroas the river, Shaw car.
rying the county by plurality Of
657 and the easiro republican Tickle,
IN the county bsirg elected. ". C.
Hayward becomes state senator.
jacob Nabstedt and j. f, Dempste,
representatives. +. G.. Macarthur
sheriff. p. w. McManus treasurer,
A. A. Miller eosnty superintendent,
Charles Sheriff surveyor. Dr.. T.
BnumCech coroner, and H. j. WplfI
and Z. j. Hilton supervisors.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-11-03

Of Edgington, and Misses Gertrude
and Frances Collins, and Jerry COL
Inns, OF Muscatine, were in the city
today to attend the CooPer-Robin-
son wedding.
There was o surprise party given
to Miss Sadie Taylor last night In
honor Of her 14th birthday. There
were number Of her friends and
school mates present. A few hours
were spent in playing games, etc.
The ladies Of Trinity church gave
o supper q. the home Of Mrs. c. H.
Davis on Twentieth street last even
ing. It was delightfully."- arranged
affair, and was well patronized, che
ladies realizing neat sum from
their efforts.
Those AIlegrettl chocolates tina.
arc made IL the Palmer house block
are tha genuine article. They are
worsh 60 cents pound. Those Al
legretti chocolates that come from
100 State street. are 80 cents pound
al the White Palace of Sweets. IN the
Bengston block.
Mrs. Anna Williams, OF Moline,
went to ST. Louis Oct. 1s to visit
re'stivos. James Wi.er, OF Moline.
took train for the south Monday.
There WAS q wedding at St. Lsuia
yesterday. Now they're Mr. and
Mrs. James Wiser.
The Tri-City Railway company is
putsipg the stoves in the cars-with
She exception OF the bridge line
motors. which are heated by cleo
trictfy-snd getting its snow sweep.
ecs. scrapes. sat p.ows In READINGS s
for the winters siege.
The third lecture Ia the univer sity
extension course will be given by
Prof. Moulton al the High school as
sembly room Thursday evening. The
subject will be Robert Browning's
"Caliban Upon Sstebos," as q com.
psnion study TO Shakespeare's "cali
ban" in "The Tempest.
The third lecture in the university
extension course will be given by
Prof. Moulton at the High school as.
sembly room Thursday evening
Fhe subject will be Robert Brown.
ing's "Paliban Upon sepebos," as .
companion stu dy to Shakespeare's
"Paiisan" in "The Tempest.
Observer Hunts meteorological
report for October places the mear
temperature at SO; she highest being
30 on the srd and the lowest 80 on
the 2s.h. There were Is clear days
Q cloudy days and Z partly cloudy
| days. There we're frosts on the 18th
17.h, 26sh. heavy on the OH and
killing on the 20.
Col. @. W. Durham has q letter
from Col. l.. NJ. Buiord at Juarez
Mex. in which. he writes that Will,
he has not yet been relieved q
United States consul, he will not 70
turn At once to Rock Island when h,
10, but will remain through tie win
ter at least, as he Is interested II
the development of some silve
mines near Juarez.
Additional saloon licenses hav,
been issued to E. Thonn, J. w. Ores
sen, James Given, L. Lae.eke, g
Stengcl. l.. f. Englin, II. Vogel, j
W. koohe. Charles Wulff, Jr., Au
gust Schmid, Ed Kautz. Henry Kale
AL Owen. Harper House company, c
ID. Frsnek, August G. Hanson, S
Youngren, kvo De Muynck, Mile
Mckinney. +. Gross, w. o. Negus.
The Peter Sehoonhofen Brswinj
company. Of Chicago. through i,
local agent, Emil EVers. has secure
ca option on lot on First avenue
between Nineteenth and Twentieth
streets. owned by Adam SchmitA, Sr.
on which ii propose erecting a col
storage building and office. froy
which the company. products wi
be distributed TO the surrounair
towns.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-11-03
Police Points.

Frank MoGarry, a stranger, was
arrested for disorderly conduct yes
terday on complaint Of John AL
brecht. Magistrate Stafford fined
him SIS and costs. McGarry could
not pay, and was sent to the county
Jail.
Two hobos we're lodged at the pc.
lice station last night.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-11-03
Thirty-two Fir-cs For Pear-,

Ont ef 60 arbitration treaties amcne
The NATIONS of the world since 1srsSck
United States ha, borne a part; and
far mare than any othe---N.~af yellow
ton Slobe.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-11-03

Just Try Q ,of Hoods Sarssparilla
the finest nsease, and thousands Of
ever m.,ials prove it fulfills its mis-
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-11-03

Fair tonight and Thursday;
WARMER.
Except in the extreme northwest
. general rise In temperature has
occurred a. far east a. the Mississippi
river. In the lase region there has
been fall. The first killing first Of
Ms season at Chicago cc.u.r.d last
night
TodAy's temperature, IS.
q. K. HUT, OhssfvG.
The Mena weekly star., 1897-04-14
Kansas City Grain.

KANSAS CITY. April 12.-Receipts or wheat hcre to-day, "A cars; Q year ago. F cars
 Sales by sample on track; Hard. No ,. nominally T6c1T7c. car mixed isc; No 8. roini- nally 6s01ic, car 69e; No I. ? cars G25Ee. car poor 55e: reflected. noullnaliy 50I55c Spring, No. 2. cur 77Sc. ear 75c; No, 8 3 COTS 7Se 1 car '2c. cers 701Sc; rejected nuainaliy 55 Dc. Soft No. 2, car fancy 95c car 93c. ear p3or soc; No. 3, noniaally S509ic No f. ca-s soc, 1 car 75c.
 Receipts of corn here to-day, 10s ears; Sear ago, l9 cars.
 Sales by sample on track: N9 mixe1 car 2QKc- i5 cars 2Jc 1 ear l9&e; M. g. ears spe- cial billiug s9ixc e1rs 2)e, car llel ? cars i5Nc. Q cars ls'4c c,s. i9e No. f cars ii99e. | car ls&c, csgr i8&c. 1 car 1sc, car iaRe: no grade 1 ear i.a ear i6, White, No. 7 car 2l%c cars 2lc. cars 23lac: No. B. 1 car 2ic 1 car 20lsc cars s9e; No. 1. l car l9c.
 Receipts ot oa.s 4era to-day. F curs; a year ago. caese
 Sales Dg ssR1pic on track; No mixed noni- nally lie; Ne 9lnlxcd, car les; No raixcd nCminalT i51s;alac: No. white, 1 ear 2ie cars 2le %9 white , cars Be; No. white, nominally liis lie
 The h'ig zi4e5ct Is firm. Receipts fo-day were % cars. .;ssnst g last wear. Qao a,ions arc. TiEl3t8r. eiaice. e9.50; No. f. sa50a 9Q0 No. 2, fV3 a0l. clover mixed No ,, sG5C @5.o); No ]. sd9l sea) cholos prairie. s6.5)01 7.o0 No. l, s60}; No.a, S5-00155): No 3, s400q daa
The Mena weekly star., 1897-04-14
gnnr nAAmE nsApnEY.
Ceranrc of E.entnc'xy's Governor May lso ProposeS sriisat:ons Only Begun.

Ceranrc of EAentuc'Sy's Governor May Ro
 Proposes -sriisat.ons Only Begun.
 FRAS&rsHr. Ky, April E. It is re- ported IT leg; g;siative circles tEat with il the nesss 4S hours resolution will be introduced in the honse by the Hunter republicans dencuncing Gov. Bradley ir severe terms for taking paes ia the alleged bribery charges which have been brought against Dr.. Hunter ane latter's followers openly charge that Bradley as well as the sil- yer Ges1oer4ss had hand in the mat ter.
 The governors frienfs vchemently deny that he has had any connection witl. she bribery charges and say that If such a resolution shal. be introduced Gov. Bradley will ;.t cnce go upon the floor of tic house anss make a speech that will be crowded with sensations. It is said thati.a c1s'ort Will be made to dissaaGe the gevcl'aer from this as it is feared setioa troahlc might result.
The Mena weekly star., 1897-04-14
Chica I'd I.iva stock.

CHICAGO. April -cattle-Receipts, l450c; market steady to strong; beeves, s. 3.S505.40 cows and heifers, s200a4 9; Texas steers, S3. 8 Q450; stoclSers and feeders, 8 431445.
 Hogs Receipts 20 00ao market active. Sc higher: light s39004l5; mixed, s395ll4. l71s; heavy, s3.83G420; rough, s3sJ3390.
 Sheep Receipts, 1G.oo0: market strong to l0c higher; native sheep, sS.o9g5. 10; western B 7oG 5.00; lambs S460aG09
 Ch.cago Grain and Produce.
The Mena weekly star., 1897-04-14
st. Lonis I.ive Stoclr.

ST. LOUIS. April 12.-Cattle- Receipts, 2,001 market active and steady; fancy export steers, s5 25; fair to choice native shipping steers, A.25 a5.00; steers under 1000 pounds, S359G4 25; stoclzers and feeders, S3-3o1g150; cows and mixed, S1. 1.50n5O0; Texas and Indian steers. g. 6515a40 cows and heifers S200lD3 75.
 Hogs Receipts 4O00; market active and 5e higher; light s39e04C5; mixed & 75l54 10; ..e..zsu g .glza.
 sheep-Receipts, 900o; market lower: na- tives. S409a475; lambs $I6905.00 Texas sheep, G3g90450
The Mena weekly star., 1897-04-14
MARKET REPORTS.
Eansas City Live stock.

KANSAS CITY. April 2-Cattle-Receipts since Saturday s,5So; calves. Sss5 shippeo Satur- day. 624 cattle: 65 calves The market was steady to 1Oc higher The following are repre- sentative sales:
The Mena weekly star., 1897-04-14

Sheep Receipt since Saturday, 3. 737: shipped Saturday, 1,54G The market was strong to l0c higher The following are representatives safest 2i yrl lbs I28 S5.I0 t15 w. sh.... 90 S4.35
 nat bks.. 142 2.75 1 cull..-... O 2oO
The Mena weekly star., 1897-04-14

Only once in a lifetime is there located that bas M utary country fifty miles in every direction-aso dio point on the great and South railroad the @ PITTSBURG 6 GULF building due south from Kansos to Port Arthur on the Gulf of Mexico This time it MFNA ~ new in Western Arkansas.
 This new railroad opens up the best agricultural lands in w. ern Missouri and the and health belt of Southwest Msso Western Arkansas
 T00K AT rI-.E=--E NA-A.R-
The Mena weekly star., 1897-04-14

The nn.:sas sn- fe saft decltel that q notasr .=abl si.. act es..,el q winess to giv- position. and tN' mute lN'i'9 to coafts >isch lJe ,.s |, .on l4.L. 1.>4> ..Se.u.cd invalid
The Mena weekly star., 1897-04-14

Hogs-Rcceipts since Saturday, 0fSS; shlpped Saturday Ilo The market opened strong to DO higher and closed with the advance lost. The
The Mena weekly star., 1897-04-14
Opened Highs Low-st Closing

Chicago Grain and Produce.
El Paso daily herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1881-1901, 1897-09-22
Thousands of Women

are dragging out weary, miserable
existence. because they do not fully
realize what is the matter with them.
They know that they have ''female
weakness" but they do not really ap-
preciate what that means. They do
not know that to this one trouble is
traceable almost all of their bodily ills.
They consider it disease by itself,
and if they also have neuralgia, nervous
headache, biliousness, kidney trou-
bles ard other things, they see no con-
nectiOG between them and the derapge-
ments of strictly feminine nature
Busy and overworked physicians often
treat these things as separate ailments,
when the whole trouble has the one
source. The reproductive organs are
so important part of the body that
when they are out of order, the whole
system is deranged Whatever illness
a woman has, she will do well to look
there for the cause. A great many
women knowingly neglect themselves,
b cause they dread the telling of their
troubles to physician aod the subse-
quent ''examin alton" aud local treat
ment." All this is needless for DR..
Pierce's Favorite Prescription has been
found to perfectly and permanently re-
store lost strength and promote regu-
larity of functional action.