The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-06-05

CAAJ - NA~ -
acres in 1850. 1t also appears that all the
Middle States put together do not raise
enough food for the single State of Penn
sylvania. The obvious explanation of this
fact Is that manufactures and
are more profitable in these States h Ia Is
the tillage OF the soil.
In the Middle States the progress OF man.
ufacturcs is shown to have been much more
rapid than In New England, the output
having multiplied eightfold and the sum
paid for wages nincfold since 1850. Tho
manufactures Of the Middle States. indeed,
being valued in 1890 at $3,G4S,O0O,0 900,
exceed in value those of France and Ger
many, and fall but 8 per cent. below those
of Great Britain. II the value be divided
among the population, the result is an nv
erage of 1888 per inhabitant, as against
%11o in Great Britain and $40 In France.
There Is, says Mr.. MULHALL, no
country in the world, except New
England, where the output of man
ufacturcs shows so high n ratio to popu.
lation as it does in the Middle States. The
gratifying fact Is also noted that the rise in
wages has surpassed that in the value pro-
duccd. Between 1850 and 1890 the value
VI lhC plOhutNS " OpNhotiNO ho'S "
81, 12O to $2,O17, an increase of so per
cent, while the average wages paid per
operative rose during the same period
from $24O to $517, an increase Of 115
per cent. 1t Is thus demonstrated that the
workman in the Middle States now receives
q larger share Of the profits resulting from
manufactures than he did fifty years ago.
Passing to details, Mr.. MULHALL. observes
that Pennsylvania produces hardware man.
ufactures to the value Of $3Ss, DOC, 900
yearly, which is equivalent to 1874 per in
habitant, the average In Great Britain be-
ing $40 and in Germany $40. The mineral
resources of the Middle States, consisting
for the most part Of coal, iron ore, and pc
troleum, rendered In 1890 an output valued
at $1s9, DOC, OOC, representing one-third
of the total mining industry of the
Union. To put the facts in another
way, the mineral output of the Middle
States in 1890 exhibited a value of $13 per
inhabitant as against $1l in Great Britain.
1t is we'll known that the greater part Of
the foreign trade Of the Union passes
through the ports of the Middle States.
New York alone takes AZ per cent. of this
commerce, and ranks as the second seaport
in the world. The port entries of the Mid
die States in 1894 were $3.50, 900 tons, as
against 17,O2O,O0 tons for the whole re-
public. Even Mr.. MULHALL, an inhabitant
of a country which, according to Lord SAILS
BURY, is our natural enemy because she
is our commercial rival, deplores the fact
that American shipping laws should be
ruinous to national interests. He reminds
us that forty years ago three fourths Of the
ocean carrying trade of American ports was
done IN American bottoms, whereas at
present the American ratio is less than one
fourth. He also points out that ut present
the United States pay an annual tribute OF
100000, 900 to British ship owners.
With respect to railways, Mr.. MULHALI
notes that the Middle States in 1896 pos.
sessed 81 300 miles of iron road, repre-
senting "A cost of p ,O92, 200, ZOO. The
length of track compared with population
is almost the same as in New England,
namely, lag miles to 100, 600 inhabitants,
or three times the relative mileage that ex,
lists in France or Great Britain. The bank
discounts Of the Middle States are
computed by this statistician at $77
per inhabitant, as against $111 in New
England. In the banking business Mas,
sachusetts, in proportion to her popu'
lation, is ahead of New York, exhib
iting discounts averaging $1G6 per in
habitant, as against $lO6 in New York
The savings banks deposits also averag,
$l7S per %inhabitant in Massachusetts, anc
only 800 in New York. When he proceed.
to talk of the aggregate wealth of the Mid
die States, Mr.. MULHALL is misled by tn,
absurdly low computations of the value o
New York personal property in the stats
tics accessible to him. The railway securi
ties, for instance, owned in the Empir'
Commonwealth are put by him at the ride
ulously low figure Of $685., 100000. Nc
wonder that he says that apparently Their,
is no part of the world where the prepon
derance Of real property is so great as IL
the Middle States, the average value of rea
property in European countries being bu
40 per cent. of the whole. Notwithstand
ing the arrangement of his calculations
through his undervaluation of persona
property. Mr.. MULHALL notes that tn,
average wealth per inhabitant in the Mid
die States has almost quadrupled in fort,
years. This is pronounced n marvellou
proof of the progress of this section, and un
phraiieieu III T.uTope, hlSSuLLoCH ndVlnI
laid it down hat only prosperous nation
can double their wealth in that interval
Even on the face of the defective statistics
the accumulation in the Middle States pc
~inhabitant is sho wn to have been 5000 pc
annum greater than in New England. an,
exactly double the average accumulation Il
Great Britain between 1860 and 1895
Taxation in the Middle States, viewed co
lectively, was less onerous than 1t is Il
New England or in the United Kingdom
including the ratio of national revenue, tn
total burden per inhabitant was bu
$17.2O, against $3.50 in the Unite
Kingdom and $3.50 In New England
The amount of money spent on pull
lie schools in 1903 by the Middle State
was $43, 900, 600, or only "a ,000, 900 los
than the school expenditure of Great Brit
ain, which contains considerably more tina
double their population. The satisfactor
result of our system of popular instructio