New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-04-04

most Of these zones. In this narrow circie e'e''
change must take place that characterises INC
tree as a living organism. The dead res'o"un'
Of this activity is very little but the future OF
the tree has been determined In part by 1t. On
This activity. the activity Of the living individu-
a,,t,es curiosity is centred. And so though 1t
NAV be true. as Mr. Spencer predicts. that each
later zone shall fatally be narrower than Its FORE
runners. and that when the ultimate ladyiike
teatabe elysium Of the Data Of Ethics shall pre-
vail. such questions as the breaking OF egcs at
the large or the small end will span the whole
scone of possible human warfare,-still even IN
this shrunken and enfeebled generation. what
earerness there will be! Even then the INTEL
iectuai gap between the great man and small
man will count for more than the Infinite DIS
lance between the small man and the amphioxus
In short, according to Professor James. II Is the
differences in men that cause the progress OF
humanity, while general averages are or vaiue
only where progress has ceased He would PROP
ably be willing to cite the really vast influence
of the Synthetic Philosophy on the present gen.
GRAFTON as a proof Of his statement. arraying
Herbert Spencer. as profoundly indiViouai
thinker against Herber. Spencers own 1atai'stlc
generalities.
Mr. Spencer's dislike for the irdividua as
factor in evolution not to be neglected is Illus
TO the change in industrial affairs wrought by
the use of steam. He gives the iranimate force
all the credit that belongs to it. but 1t would be
IN vain to search his words for any suggestion
of the startling mental force which first awoke
to the thought that steam could be made usefui'
However. It is too early for the opponent OF the
evolutionary theory to triumph over instances
of this sort 1t may yet be possible to account
r..
as the invention. If 1t can once be proved that
n GREAT man could not have existed except at the
givep moment when he did exist, then he also
will he as ca cul abe as any other force, ana the
laws Of his origin will not be far to SEEK Mean
while the general processes by which Industrial
institutions have grown up can be depicted Win
success upon an evolutionary scheme. PrimltVe
man In addition to teeth and hands. had no TOOLS
| or weapons save the powders and Sticks whlch
he picked up. He learned first TO choose tnoSe
shaped best for specific purpose theh he
learned how to shape them himself more OF less
TO his liking When he fought with others ne
learned how to modify his weapons, when he
moved tn , new region he learned the differences
that were necessary in his tools ana weapons.
end 6nalv when his occupations became TOO
numerous he learned how to have his TOOLS ana
weapons made by others. The slightest Var'a
ton of this kind implies trade, Tor one man VIII
| not make tools for another man without some
thing In return. Again. as long as man mas 10
task too great for his own strength, he may WORK
alone. but enlarged tasks require more hanos
| So men would unite from necessity, even II they
were not born to be sociable. No matter now
MANY thousands Of years may have been con-
sumed in the process. every advance In civiza-
| ton was marked by new divisions among work
ers so that each would have an appropriate pusi-
ness Where the men are engrosred In war ana
hunting the women do the heavy labor OF aeri-
culture This division Of labor between the
sexes recurs at every return OF militant il1e' &C
cording to MI Spencer and he adds: Where as
in Germany and France the militant orgahiza-
ton is highly developed the outdoor LABOR wnien
falls upon woman is heavy and constant whhe
in England and America, less militant IN their
tvpes of organization, it Is small In amount ana
light in kind" When militancy shall nave
| wholly disappeared he expects the civiiized
| world to repeat on large scale the practice OF
| neaceful uncivilized tribes. among whom as
| rifle. he finds the heavy outdoor work taken by
the mer and the lighter indoor work by the
| women. w.