davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

of the statesman, which next morning
appear duly set forth on the printed
pages of the Congressional Record. When
the reporter has taken down about 1000
words he retires, his place being filed
by another TO continue the work. The
first man goes into a room and dictates
into phonngraph the English" of his
istenographic notes and returns to the
floor. An amanuensis then transcribes
THE report of the speech from the phono-
graph to typewriter paper, which is re-
vised by the stenographer, and goes to
the government printer to be printed in
the Record. The routine Is thus contin-
.ued among the five reporters. This, IL
brief, is the system of reporting speech
ies, the most perfect of any system in use
in any national legislative body in the
world.
The adoption of an official system of
congressional reporting in 1S4S-9 was
due to the one fact, more than any other,
that the phonetic shorthand of Isaac Pit
man, invented in its crudest form in 1887,
and rapidly improved during the years
immediately following, furnished a re-
porting instrument vastly superior to the
prior stenographic systems in simplicity,
in ease of acquisition, and in adaptation
TO rapid note taking. The introduction
of this system into the United States
about 1914, in connection with the "spell-
ding reform" agitation, was the means of
educating new brood of reporters, most
of them bright, progressive young men,
who We're soon able to surpass in short
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

their sole control both the reporting and
the printing of the debates. The Con
gressional Globe" gave place to the "Con-
.gressional Record" The reporters be-
came in thorough sense officers of Con-
gress, and their reports, like other govern
ment work, we're thereafter published at
the government printing Office, the Rec
ord department of which is now one Of its
largest divisions.
Importance of the Work.
The. official reporters Of the House Of
Representatives are appointees of the
Speaker; but their tenure Of Office is not
dependent upon the alterations and fuc-
ruations of partisan majorities. In 1873.
when their official status was established.
Mr.. Blaine, then Speaker, took the lead
tn placing the Official reporting upon n
civil service basis. He was able to appre-
ciate the demands of reporting work. His
experience a. member and Speaker had
familiaxizsd him with the Dssuliar ain
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

thor and publisher, has said that "after
listening as l did on one or two occa-
sions to the debates, with their Interrupt
tons. catch remarks, asides, doubtful
cheers and unquestioned jeers. and after
ward reading the report, l felt that if
there was one feat to be accomplished
in this world more difficult than another
it was 10 make an accurate report of the
proceedings of the American House of
Representatives"
The peculiar difficulty of this work
arises from a number of different causes
The rapid utterance of many members is
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

The comparison with returns of the
closing months of 1893 has not heretofore
been published, as the reporting force at
all the offices had not then become sufii-
ciently familiar with the improved meth
cd to insure entire accuracy, but as now
printed the returns are substantially cor
rect. The manufacturing failures in that
quarter were about S27 ,505, ,355 in amount
and the trading about S30,515 1868, with
$6.004, ,O6I of brokers and other CONNER
cial concerns. The manufacturing fail
ures by months are separately shown as
follows:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

cling of tho Calumet Electric Railway,
and other schemes, with bank funds. The
shame and wrong of his position since the
failure of the bank are believed to have
unbalanced his mind and driven him to
suicide.
Mr.. Hammond was 40 years old. In
1883 he married Miss Ida Strong. They
have four children. Mr.. Hammond began
learning the banking business as a clerk
in the National Bank of Illinois, when
that concern was first organized. He
obtained his situation on the strength of
his personal connections and the good
reputation he enjoyed in society. His
father was the Rev. III. l.. Hammond,
one of the best-known Congregational
clergymen. Gradually he rose from clerk
to paying teller, to assistant cashier to
cashier. and finally TO second vice presi-
cent. For several years past the control
of the bank was largely in his hands, as
President Schneider grew too old to be
active In the management. IL was ex-
pected that Mr.. Hammond would sue
ceed President Schneider as the head Of
the institution.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

When an opportunity came for contribu-
tions to aid Cuba, the women tore the
rings from their fingers. the watches from
their pockets, the lockets from their
necks, willing sacrifices for the liberty Of
the native land.
To crush the spirit of liberty in such n
people will require more than one war IL
Spain should prove triumphant in this.
The spirit of liberty thrives the best when
the most repressed, and Maceo's name
in the years to come will be one that will
never fail to touch the tenderest feelings
and the deepest emotions of those for
whom he sacrificed his life. In life he
was hero; in death hero he. still will
be to his people and more-he will be a
martyr.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14
member addressing the Chamber speaks

member addressing the Chamber npeake
from the tribune. like a preacher in
pulpit, instead of here, there, anywhere,
as In the House. But In France 1t takes
nearly thirty men TO do the work done
by five in the American House Every
word in the Chamber of Deputies Is taken
down by three sets Of men checking each
other. This Is made necessary on account
of the inferiority of the French short
hand, and the lack of individual dexter
ity, in comparison with the extreme speed
and accuracy Of the congressional report
ers.
The English House of Commons is not
now. and never has been, reported ver-
batim. The Hansard report is partly
made up from newspaper compilations,
and is not published for several days
after the proceedings take place. Some
of England's greatest men, among them
Gladstone, have several times made eff
forts to secure the adoption of system
similar to the American, and a committee
of the House of Commons is now again
considering the matter. There are a few
men in England who are sufficiently skill
full shorthand writers, but it would take
several years of training to make a
corps as invincible and handy as that of
either house ,Of the American Congress.
Tn Germany the debates are officially
reported, but there, too. as in France, the
note takers cannot make a strictly YER
batim report. They rely on each other
for assistance in patching cut a rapid
speaker, and the debates are not printed
On the morning after the delivery.
The Parliament of Canada is reported
very well, in English and French, but
only the debates. and not the legislative
action in detail, are published in the re-
port. in short, the reporters of Congress
are the only ones in the world who make
q record that is complete, as prompt as
the coming of the morning each day, and
which, when printed, is practically free
from errors.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

SUICIDE OF a BANKER.
w. A. Hammond, of National Bank OF
Illinois, Kills Himself.

William A. Hammond, second vice pres
ident of the National Bank of Illinois.
ended his life in the Evanston waters of
Lake Michigan at daybreak Saturday.
Six hours later the waves threw his dead
body upon the shore. The body of the
banker was found half mile north of the
pier, where the shore current and n south
east gale had carried it. Mr. Hammond
had been charged with wrecking the Ma
tional Bank of Illinois, of which he was
the active manager, by his heavy fnan-
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

The Brazilian treasury delegate writes
to the London Times with reference to
the sale at Hamburg of $4,000 bags of
Brazilian coffee, which, il was reported,
were believed to be consignment of the
Brazilian Government to the Rothschilds
of London in lieu of bills to pay the inter-
est on the Brazilian debt. The treasury
delegate writes that the Rothschilds al
ready had sufficient funds to pay for the
coupons on the external debts.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14
HONOR FOR MACEO.
The Hero and Martyrs Name Wept
oud (heered For In New York.

and theered For In New York.
That Maceo. even though dead, is an
inspiration TO his countrymen. wherever
found. to continue the struggle for the
independence of the unhappy island was
exempified in New York the other night
when 1.500 Cubans and friends of Cuba
assembled to pay honor to the deceased
leaders memory.
Fully half of the audience was COM
posed of women. sisters, wives. mothers
and sweethearts. many of them, of the
soldiers in the southern island fighting
for liberty. With all the heat of their hot
blood, they wept. they cheered, as speak
ers told of MIaceo's death and of his
deeds. But they did more than that.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14
!.

but the aggregate of liabilities was only
$40. .71O,210. The railroad receiverships
during the year 1906 embrace 1850 miles,
with stock issues amounting to $73,397,-
800 and bonded and other Indebtedness
amounting to $153, 3,252, ,724. The bonded
Indebtedness was slightly larger than in
1895, but the stock very much smaller.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

The directors Of the Butler & Pitsburg
Railroad met at Pittsburg and passed a
resolution in favor of amalgamating with
the Pittsburg, Shenango and Lake Erie
to form the Pittsburs, Bessemer and
Lake Erie Road. The combination viii
have q capital of $4,000, 900.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

Charles II. Parrish. one of the oldest
and wealthiest coal operators In Pena-
sylvania, died suddenly at Philadelphia,
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

GRAlLING CHAPTER, II. A. NJ, No. 12o.-
Meets every third Tuesday In each month.
J. X. MERZ, II. p.
A. TAYLOR, Sec.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

woMEN's RELIEF CORPS. No. l62. meets on
the I'd and 4th Saturdays at o'clock in the af-
ternoon. MRS. ISABEL JONES, President
REBEccA WIGHT, Sec
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

ST. MARY's CATHOLIC CHURCH.-Father
II. Webeler. Regular services the last Sunday
in each month.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

CRAWFORD TENT, K o. T. NJ. No 1O2. =
Meets every Saturday evening
j. j. COLLINS Com.
T. NOLAN, r. 4.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

CRAWLING LODGE, /. o. o. F., No. 137.-
Meets every Tuesday evening.
p b. JOHNSON, N. G.
p +. JOHNSON, Sec.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH.
Rev. w. H. Mawhorter, Pastor. Services every
Sunday at 200 p. m. and alternate Sundays at
1O:3J a. m. Sunday school at 9 p. m.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

GGAYLING LODGE, No. $50. y. a A. M.
meets In regular communication on Thursday
evening on or before the full Of the moon.
FRED NARREN, w. NJ.
A. TAYLOR, Secretary.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

DANISH Ev. LUTHERAN CHURCH = Rev.
A. p. w. Becker, Pastor. Services every Sum
day at 1880 a. IN. and p. m, and every Wednes-
day at p. m. A lecture In school room IL m.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14
HOUSE REPORTERS.
SaAWvEuS OF ACCURACY AND
OF PROMPTAESS.
How Record of Debates in Congress 10
Msde-Reporters Able to Take Notes
Under Any circumstances, Often
mid scenes of Csreatest Confusion.

Not Any Easy Work.
Wvnshipyton eorrespondence:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14


o T Representatives
rises in his place to
deliver "a few re-
marks, which he in
tends later to dis
tribute among an ad-
miring constituency,
an official -stenogra-
pher is at hand to
take down the words
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-Rev.A.H.M
Pastor. Services every Sunday morning and
evening at the usual hour. sunday-schooi fol-
lowing morning service. Prayer meeting every
Wednesday evening
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-01-14

NJ. f. CHURCH-Rev. Il. Il. Cope. Pastor.
Services at 10 30 o'clock am. and 7,1 pm- Sun
day school at IL IN. Prayer meeting every
Thursday evening at 7la o'clock All are cor
daily invited TO attend.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-02-10
Yellow and White Corn.

Upon the much discussed question
of whether there is a material differ
ence in the seeding of yellow and
white corn, Prof. G. E. Morrow
writes the Metropolitan and Rural
Home:
Chemical analysis shows no appre-
ciable difference dependent on the
color of corn. There are minor diff
ferences in the composition of DIFF
ferent varieties, and considerable diff
ference in the structure of the ker-
nels as to the hardness. In my OBJ
servation, yellow varieties are more
some of the white varieties have very
hard kernels. While I can give no
reason for the fact, it is true of hun
dreds of varieties tested at different
experiment stations that the average
yield of the white has been some
what larger than that of the yellow
Probably a majority of the farmers
believe that white varieties have not
as much value os the yellow. [ have
often heard the expression that the
yellow corn is more ''heating" My
own view is that neither yield nor
composition depend on the color of
the kernels; that some varieties are
much better in yield and slightly bet
ter in quality of one color, and some
of the other.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-02-10

ly, until the mixture is about the
consistency of good cream The STIR
ring must be very thoroughly done
in order that the mixture may flow
readily from the brush, but if too
thin will run when applied to the
building and look streaked. The pro-
portions should be based upon about
gallon of milk, as this will make a
convenient quantity to mix when one
person is to apply it. If too much is
prepared, the cement will set and
harden before the cement is used. To
this quantity of milk add about a
quart of the cement. Probably a lit
tie more than this will be required,
the operator using Judgment to have
it thin enough to flow from the
brush and yet not thin enough to run
after it has been applied. A fiat
brush about four inches wide is a
good implement with which to lay
the paint on. 1t is to be used Just as
oil paints used and can be applied
to woodwork, old or new, and to
brick or stone When dry the color is
a light creamy brown, or might be
called a yellowish stone color. This
paint has good body, smooth finish
and works well. The operator can
try it first upon an clubhouse or d
fence to see how it pleases him to
learn in an experimental way to pre-
pare and apply it.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-02-10
Potato Fertilizer.

Experiments with fertilizers for
Irish potatoes have been systematic
cally conducted for number of
years in Ohio. Phosphoric acid says
the American Agriculturist, seems to
have the controlling element in in
creasing yield in all these tests
whereas in many of the southern,
middle and eastern states, potash
seems to be the more necessary ele-
ment. In the Ohio test, the lowest
cost per bushel of increase was OBJ
tanned by the use of superphOsphate
alone, but the greatest gain per acre
was with 1,10O pounds per acre Of a
complete fertilizer containing nitro
gen, phosphoric acid and potash.
Nitrate of potash and nitrate Of
soda, when used alone, did not give
profitable increase, but proved bene-
fetal with superphOsphate. The only
way in which farmers can definitely
determine whether it will pay them
to use a complete fertilizer, contain
ing all three elements, or only one or
two, is to experiment for themselves
with the different ingredients and
mixtures. Directions for such ex-
periments are given in numerous
bulletins.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-02-10
We Want Our Share.

tlOridians for some reason that is
unaccountable appear to take but lit
tie interest in the matter Of securing
adequate protection for their prod
ucts in the way OF an increased tariff.
If it is the policy of the incoming adj
ministration to protect the infant in
dustries, or in fact any industries
that need protecting, it certainly
seems that some steps should be talk
ell to present our claims.
Events of the past two years have
demonstrated that the growing Of
oranges is an industry hedged about
with so many risks and SO much dan
ger of loss, that those who are en-
gagged in it are worthy Of the foster
ing care and protection Of the gov
ernment--if this protection is to be
accorded to any one or any industry.
We think under the existing con-
ditions that the most pronounced
free trader could even ask for an in
crease in the tariff on oranges con-
sistently. The revenue laws must be
remOdeled-a larger amount must be
collected annually to defray the eX-
penses of the government, and it is
known that this remodeling will be
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-02-10
Functions of Lime in the Soil.

In the translation from the Ger
man which appeared recently it was
stated that lime was an accumulation
of nitrogen. In commenting ON this
an exchange says that this is true in
part only; it certainly increases the
stock of valuable nitrogen in the
soils, for when caustic lime is applied
to land it at once decomposes all or
ganic matter in it containing nitro
gen, as grass, manure, muck, etc.,
and iberates nitrogen as ammonia.
Though the soil retains with tight
grasp small quantity Of ammonia,
still, if the amount liberated is large,
corresponding amount will be lost,
so the folly of applying lime in large
applications is seen. No more should
be applied than will liberate SUI
ficient ammonia to be taken up by
the growing crop. The immediate
effect from an application of lime on
land which contains considerable
amount Of organic matter is to great
~ increase the crop; if no plant food
is added, after a few years have
elapsed the soil will be left poorer
than before. This will be readily I'M
derstood when we consider that lime
is not really a plant food, but more
of the nature of stimulant; and if
large crops are taken off and moth
ing added, the land, is sure to be-
come exhausted. These facts have
given rise to the common idea that
large applications of lime impoverish
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-02-10
Tropical Paw-Paw.

The Barlow Courier-Informant in
speaking of one of the rare and ten
der fruits occasionally seen in South
Florida, says:
Mr.. j. w. Carson was in yesterday
morning and brought a large trop-
ical paw-paw which proves more
clearly than words that the frosts of
the last week did not reach this Sec
ton. The paw-paw is more easily
killed than the cassava and the
bloom and fruit both show that
things escaped unframed in this IA
nous locality.
This sample paw-paw measures
1925 inches-as large as a ten cent
musk-melon in summer time and
those who have tried them say it is
quite as good to eat.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-02-10

the soil. Lime also tends to the I'M
locking of inorganic food supplies,
and this is especially true of potash
upon soils which are known as sour,
as it will, to a certain extent, neut-
ralize the acid in the soil. Other ad-
vantages gained by an application of
lime will be the rendering of stiff
soils more pliable and destroying the
various forms of insect Life and fun
gus growth.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-02-10
Salt for Cabbages,

Speaking of the plan so often fol-
lowed Of placing pinch of salt III
each cabbage head, Nj. T. Greiner. the
well-known authority on agricultural
matters, says that the idea is an eA-
cellent one.
Quite often, he says, the cabbage
worms ruin the heads if left undis-
turbed. A little salt scattered over the
plant, or solution sprayed on forci-
bly,, will soon rid the cabbages of
worms, and thus help to make good
heads. Of course, we can secure the
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-02-10
A Cheap Farm Paint.

Some Of our exchanges have resur-
rected an old receipt for a cheap
farm paint with which we had long
been familiar, but which does not
seem to be as widely known as the
merits of the paint deserve, says the
Southern Farmer. 1t consists of but
two ingredients, neither of which is
expensive, the one being skim-milk
and the other a good article of hy-
hraulic cement. The cement is plac-
ed in a bucket and sweet skim-milk
is gradually added, stirring constant
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-02-10
WEDNESDAY FEB. 3, 1897.
Bile Of CONTENTS.

FARM, GROVE AND GARDEN - Road
construction, vi; The Water Hyacinth
Tomato Culture. ........... ....... -. g.
The Substitution Fraud; ST. Cloud Farm
Sold; Canning Factories again. ........... 81
me CdSStVd., %
Growing Dewbtrres; lorda VIII Prosper &
To Cure Tobacco. -. ...... Se
FLORA. DEPAkTM INT - The Balsam;
Climbing Asparagus Orchids for ANA
tours; The Nicotiana Observation-Disclosures. 81
EDITORIAL-We w ant our Share; A Cheap
Farm taint: Tropical Paw-Paw; Functions
of Lime in the Soil; Yellow and White
Corn; Potato Fertilizer; Salt for Cabbages 50
HOUSEHOLD DEPARTMENT - The Model
POULTRY DEPARTMENT - Grains for
Poultry; P. epare for Earl Chickens; Eggs
for Matching; Chicagos Egg supply; Hens
VS.. Pullets ........... VI
LIrERARY-Ii Support OF a Theory. ..... 81
EUZZL ER........ .............. "a
FLORIDlAN 49,. 30
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-02-10
TO CORRESPONDENTS.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
Articles relating to any topic within the
scope Of this paper are solicited.
We can not promise to return rejected
manuscript unless stamps are enclosed.
All communication intended for pub
Mca ton mast he accompanied with real
name, as a guarantee of good faith. No
anonymous contribution will be regarded.
Money should be sent by Draft, Postof-
flee Money Order on DeLand, or Regis
tered Letter. otherwise the publisher will
personal checks are used exchange must
be added. Only 1 and 2-cents lamps
taken when change cannot be had.
To insure insertion, all advertisements
for this paper must be received by 10
o'clock Monday morning Of each week.
Subscribers when writing to have the
address of their paper changed, MUST
give the old as well as the new address.