Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1897-09-30

the so-called dry and portable form;
C, Morse telegraph key: d, tele-
phone to act as receiver; e, a switch
TO stort and stop the rheotome
Good signals depend more on the rap
id rise and fall of the primary current
than on the amount OF energy thrown
into vibrations; go vibrations per sec
ord give 4 pleasant note to the ear,
easily read when broken up by the
key into dots and dashes.
IL my electromagnetic system two
parallel circuits are established, one
on each side of a channel or bank of
river, each circuit becoming suces-
siyely the primary and secondary of
an induction system, according to the
direction in which the signals are be-
Ing sent. Strong alternating or vibrat-
iEg currents of electricity are trans
mitted in the first circuit so as to form
signals, letters and words in Morse
characters. The effects of the rise and
fall Of these currents are transmitted
as electromagnetic waves through the
intervening space, and if the second
airy circuit is so situated as to be
washed by these ethereal waves, their
energy is transformed into secondary
currents in the second circuit which
can be made to affect a telephone and
thus reproduce the signals. Of course
their intensity is much reduced, but
still their presence has been detected
though five miles of clear space have
separated the two circuits.
In July Mr.. Marconi brought to
England new plan. My plan is
based entirely on utilizing electro-mag-
netic waves of very low frequency. II
depends essentially on the rise and fall
Of currents in the primary wire. Mr.
Marconi utilizes electric or Hertzian
waves of very high frequency, and they
depend upon the rise and fall of cleo
trio force in sphere or spheres. He
has invented new relay which, fol-
sensitiveness and delicacy, exceeds al
known electrical apparatus. The pc
cUliarity Of Mr.. Marconfs system is
that, apart from the ordinary connect
ing wires of the apparatus, conductors
of very moderate length only are need
Ell, and even these can be dispensed
with if reflectOrs are used.
His transmitter is Professor Rights
form Of Hertz's radiator (see Fig. p
Two spheres of solid brass, four inches
IL diameter CA and b, are fixed in al
oil-tlght case of insulating material sc
that a hemisphere of each is exposed
the other hemisphere being Immersed
in bath OF vaseline oil. The use of
oil has several advantages. It main
tains the surfaces of the spheres elec
trically clean, avoiding the frequent
polishing required by HertZ's exposed
balls. 1t impresses on the waves ex
cited by these spheres a uniform anl
constant form. 1t tends to reduce the
wave lengths-Righi's waves are meas
ured in centimeters. while Hertz's were
measured in meters. For these reason:
the distance at which effects are pro
duced is increased. Mr.. Marconi uses
generally waves of about 120 cent?
| meters along. Two small spheres, {
and b, are fixed close to the large
spheres and connected each to one enc
of the secondary circuit of the Gin
| duction COLI G, the primary Circuit
of which is excited by battery E
thrown in and out of circuit by thu
, Morse key K. Now, whenever the Ike,
K is pressed sparks pass between 1,
| and 8, and since the system A B con
tains capacity and electric inertia, os
citations are set up in it of extrem,
rapidity The line of propagation j.
D d Gig. p, and the frequency of os
cillation is probably about $50 millions
| per second.
Marconi's relay, Or receiver (see Fig
y consists of a small glass tube foul
| centimeters long, into which two sill
yer pole-pieces are tightly fitted, sep
arated from each other by about hal
mlllimeter-a thin space which il
filled up by mixture of fine nickel anC
silver filings, mixed with a trace OF
mercury. The tube is exhausted to E
vacuum of four millimeters. and