davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16
TOP OF MoNoLTHIC CHURCH OF GHoRGHIs.

ing ornaments commenced. In many
cases these were quite elaborate.
The finished church consisting of one
rock and entirely free from mortar pre-
sents exactly the same appearance as if il
were composed of thousand pieces, each
laboriously cut from the quarry and
hauled to the desired spot and carefully
laid in place.
AS near as they can resemble any given
style of architecture these churches con-
form to the Byzantine. They all face the
east and are free from inscriptions of anv
kind. In some instances the churches
are built in groups and have tunnels or
vaulted passageways connecting them.
The walls of the churches are from three
to five feet thick and the roof from three
to six feet, strengthened, OF course, by the
arches and pillars.
As regards size, a description of the
church of Hammanucl will suffice for
many of the others. 1t is the finest Of the
group and also one of the largest. From
this com PARSONS of the others may be
mace. 1t, as we'll as the court that sur
rounds it, is Of rectangular form. The
court is SO feet in length, 7S in width and
| 3S in depth. The church is 5S feet in
length and SO in width. In the court
there is small baptistery in the form of
Greek cross. The edifce stands upon
| sort of sub basement in steps. The large
facades show three stories containing
! fifteen openings, one OF which is a door.
/ The windows Of the ground floor are
cross shaped, those of the first story are
arched and provided with capitals, and
those of the second are square. Between
each window there is colonnade and
several fat holdings or fiat bands
The Ghorghis tGeorge) church is in the
/ form of a Greek cross and in size nearly
equal to the preceding. The accompany.
| ing picture gives the aspect presented
at the level OF the ground by the mono
| li,hs just described. The other churches
of Lalibela gre generally of smaller size,
although they have necessitated impor-
| tant work of excavation.
! tits to Negus LalibeIa that the honor
of constructing these churches belong.
He was a ruler who reigned about the
twelfth century and to whom Abyssinian
tradition assigns one of the greatest Of
mystic roles.
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16
The Antiquity of Cloves.


Gloves have breashed defiance from
knight to knight, served as pledges of love
between cavaliers and ladies fair, hung
upon the affairs of gloomy medieval
churches. mute witnesses to the VOWS OF
pious devotees; have been fastened upon
church walls as challenges to.mortal COM
bat from foe to foe. They have EN- bel
lished the pages of history, the annals of
romance, the flights of poesy, and moro
than once have borne in their perfumed
palms the seeds of death.
Whence or where the glove originated is
unknown. A plausible theory suggests
that the early man invented them for use
in his slow and painful labor among the
bushes. A very rough. homely glove it
must have been. of untanned skins OF
coarse fabric and tingerless.
They are mentioned in Homer as hav-
ing been worn by Laertes in his retire
ment, and Xenophon makes mention OF
Cyrus gloves. Their use was held up to
scorn by both these writers, and among
Orientals was consider red q mark OF effem-
macy. They were worn by the Greek
pugilists and wrestlers, and when intro
duced in Rome made rapid progress in
popularity among men of wealth and
nobility Under the emperors they de-
veIoped fingers, called digitalia.
Athennls relates story of q celebrated
glutton who used to wear gloves at the
table in order to finger the meat while it
was hot, and so devour more than his
corn panions.
1t is not known how they reached Britain,
but it must have been at any period.
Mention OF them is made in the poem of
Beowulf AS the word is of Saxon origin,
from golf, they may have been introduced
by that people; but their use was never
common until after the advent of the Nor
mans, and then it was restricted TO the
gentlemen of the noble and royal fam
ilies.-Lippincott for February.
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16

to travel several days from the town of
Agula on the coast, over rough, barren
and broken country that Is desolate ana
forbidding in the extreme. The country
is practically uninhabited, unless consid-
Grafton is taken OF the Nomadic tribes and
wild beasts.
On reaching Lelibela there is nothing
to be seen but the usual array of dirty
huts that constitute every Abyssinian
town. The earth urtace is rocky hills AL
most devoid of vegetation. Where are
the churches? is what any traveller would
ask himself, and he would probably think
he had been deceived in regard to them,
as there is not sign OF any building de-
serving of that name.
According to Mr.. Raffrey's description
these churches are only too easy to find.
In fact man who attempted to cross the
town at night would most likely be made
aware of their location with sudden NJ ess
that would be anything but agreeable.
The first indications of them are vast
openings in the earth's surface. Some of
these are long and sinuous. but they all
lead to the doors of the churches. The
roofs of the churches are on level with
Iue Surface OI tue STOunu
To give a thorough understanding OF
how these churches are built, some ex-
planation is necessary. The country in
tn e vicinity of La1bela consists of layer
of earth only a few feet in thickness
spread over an almost solid bed of sand
stone. In no place is it possible to find
hill that would be called steep. All are
rolling, SO that a few hundred feet of
surface, no matter where located, would
not be lar from the level.
The first thing to be done, therefore, in
building one OF these mountain churches
was to hew out huge trench of rectangu-
lar form in such way as 10
leave an enormous block of stone
in the center. The size OF the
trench, Of course, depended on the size
the church was to be. In most cases an
inclined trench leading to the surface
was also cut, but in a mum Der of in
stances the only way to get into the
church is by the use of ladder. In some
instances the trench is U-shaped, leaving
the block of stone attached to the hill at
one side, but generally il is free on the
four sides.
After the block was freed from the hill
side in the desired manner the work of
the architect began, and what he accom-
piished seems almost incredible. The out
side walls were cut into colonnades, pillars
and even porticos, and in some instances
elaborately carved. Steps and balustrades
were cut from the solid rock.
Work then commenced on the interior.
This was followed out in such way as
10 leave pillars to support the roof, arches
and naves. Windows TO admit light and
air were cut, and then the work of carv-
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16
MoNoLITHIC CHURCH OF HAMMANUEL. 7.

lecture. They are too important to be
called curiosities.
1t might seem strange that these
churches, although still devoted to wor-
ship, should be concealed from the scien-
tifc world for so long, but when all is
known there is little to be wondered at.
1t is several years since Mr.. Raffrey visited
the churches, but the facts he cleaned and
the pictures of them have just been made
public.
The word monolith, in its broadest sense.
means anything which IS cut from single
stone. The wonderful Egyptian sphynx
is moLolith and the Nile country is COW
cred with examples of this style of archi-
lecture, if such it can be called.
However, they are for the most part
pyramids or shrines and appear to have
been cut from powders which were lying
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16

telescope in the world. excepting the
great Yerkes telescope. placed in position
not long ago at point on the shore of
Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. Professor
Holden, by the way. thinks that unless
the conditions at Lake Geneva are dis
tinctly better than those of the, region
near by it's selection for the site OF the
largest of telescopes may prove to nave
been an error of Judgment.
North winds in summer bring dust from
the Sacramento Valley to Mount Hamil-
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16

lens is mounted at the summit. at other
times of the year it is employed ut
Catania. The Etna station is reached by
drive of about eleven miles over car
riage road to Nicolosi, and from thence OF,
horseback in six hours, provided the trail
is not DISTRACTED by snow. Several inn
portant series of observations. having for
their object the relative advantages of
high and low level observing stations,
bave been carried out on Etna by famous
astronomers.
Professor Holden, in the work from
which these facts are taken. has laid be-
fore the world its first opportunity to OBJ
serve in continuous form the achieve
ments of the astronomer and the meteor
ologist. Who can say that in daring,
bravery and heroism they do not compare
favoraply with the tales of exploration
with which history is replete?
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16

ton, and forest fires sometimes fill the
whole atmosphere with haze. When
neither of these hindrances is obvious, the
air is of great purity. Nearly all the
summer sunsets are cioudless. The sky is
deep orange near the horizon and shades
off through the prismatic colors in verti-
cal circle TO the pLle upper blue. The
phenomena of an average summer day
occur about as follows: The sun ises in a
clear sky and no clouds are visible during
the entire twenty-four hours. The days
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16

on the earth's surface. The 200 monolithic
churches of Abyssinia are of this order,
but those of the last group, which Mr..
Raffrey discovered, are different from any
other known editice on the face of the
earth.
The location of these churches is the
town of Lalibela, Abyssinia, place sew
eral hundred miles off the beaten paths of
travel. Neither the European nor ADys-
sinian traders pass anywhere near it, and
not many natives even know OF the exist
ence of the place. 1t is an exclusively re-
ligious town of about 5000 inhabitants, and
Mr.. Raffrey was the only white man to en-
ter it for couple of centuries. La fact
there waa nobody in the town who had
ever seen a European.
In order to reach Lalibela it is necessary
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16

historic countries in the world, Abyssinia
is at the same time one OF the least
known. Hundreds of travellers have Wis
tied it in the interest OF science, and yet
something new is always being found
there. The monolithic churches OF this
land have long been conceded to be
among the strangest editices in the world,
and as early as ten years ago 200 of them
had been found. Now comes a famous
traveller who tells of another group, COM
pared 20 which the others are insignifi-
cant. They are really wonders OF archi-
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16

and there must be days and weeks to-
gether when travel between the summit
and the valley is shut off.
The highest meteorological observatory
in the world has been located by the
Harvard College observatory expedition
on the mountain peak knows as Ell Misti.
one of the Andes, whose height is 10 ECO
feet, or 1890 feet higher than Pixies Peak
in our own United States. Among the
more interesting are the observatories on
the Som blick. in Austria, and the Saints
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16
SCIENTIFIC FACTS
ABOVE THE CLOUDS

Edward S. Holden the astronomical expert and director
of Lick Observatory has Just issued through the Smithsonian
institution the first book written giving accurate idea
of the mountain observatories of the world Few works Of
fiction are more interesting than this plain recital Of facts
story of hardship starvation and deadly peril that have
befa1en men who have abored and the interests
of science The Illustrations drawn from photographs
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16

which are under the control OF the Pots
dam astrophysical observatory, one OF the
most noted IN Europe. Then there is the
observatory on the ever famous Mont
Blanc, which represents perhaps some OF
the most daring work ever accom- mplished
by the devotees of science. The first Of
these observatories referred to, that on
the MIST, is one OF series of Harvard
stations. 1t is only possible to take OBJ
servations from there during portion of
the year, as in January and February the
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16

lightning, etc. The discomfort and mo-
notony OF such life subjected TO very
low temperatures ana surrounded by
clouds and snow for long periods will
unfit an ordinary individual for making
the best use Of the few clear days which
an Alpine winter presents. Telephone
and telegraph lines cannot be maintained
i'll working order under such conditions
without taxing extraordinary precautions.
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16

Much of the information concerning the
heavenly bodies of which we read is gained
under circumstances and at heights which
would fill US with awe if we only knew the
real truth. 1t tells how scientists find
wonderful facts above the clouds Profes
sor HoIden's object in in titing this work
is TO outline the conditions suitable for
astronomical labor at high levels. 1t tells
OF the work of the Harvard College expe-
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16
CHURCHES THAT ARE
UNDER THE GROUND

Imagine buildings whose roofs are on level with the
surface Of the ground Consider also the fact that they
hewn from solid and that the them
at the bottom Of trenches at least fifty feet Deep You may
think they do exist But they do, and A. Rafrey, the
weknown traveller has jus made public through La Mature
interesting facts about them. The edfces referred to
churches located in Abyssiia and known as onolhs.
The San Francisco call., 1897-05-16

The largest business houses are closed
for an hour and half in the middle of
the dav in Me xicO.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-09-23
LAYING OF THE CORNERSTONE.
Many Prominent Masons to Witness
the Placing of the Principal Stone
of the New Masonic Temple
in this City.

The laying of the corner-ston of
the Masonic Temple, which is to take
place next Monday, Sept. y, prom
ises to be one of the most interesting
events in the history of Mineral
Point. Masons of the different de-
grees will be present from Linden,
Rewey, Dodgeville, Darlington,
Platteville and other places, besides
the grand officers of the state.
The forenoon will be devoted to the
reception of visitors and making
necessary preparations. The differ
ent bodies of the order will assemble
at the City Hall at l:l5 O'Clock and
at o'clock the procession will form
at the hall and march up High street
to the site of the temple. Exercises
will consist of music by the band.
prayer by Bro. J. Thos. Pryor, Jr., of
Dodgeville, laying of stone accom-.
panied by music, address by Rev.
Frizzell, of Darlington. The process
sion will be III charge of Grand Mar
shal 5. f. Sheppard.
The corner is of Bedford stone, two
feet square, weighing about 800 lbs,
and was presented by Bros. 5. q G. II.
Terrill. The lettering was done by
the secretary, II. II. Wright, and the
copper box to be placed in the stone,
containing the last Grand Lodge re-
ports of the Blue Lodge, Chapter,
Commandery and Eastern Star, the
revised constitution, roster contain
ing the names of all Masons in the
state, the Masonic Tidings and the
local papers, is the gift Of Sam'l Grif-
fifth.
This will be the greatest Masonic
holiday ever held in this part of the
state.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-09-23

THE fats and leans, Of this city,
crossed bats for the second time on
Wednesday afternoon of last week,
and again corpulency was too much
for the skinnses. Having won two
games, the fats imagine themselves
ball players and have issued a chal-
lenge to "a Darlington team. But why
should they feel so jubilant over de-
feating the leans, when all except
one Of the heavyweights are old-time
ball players and a majority Of the
9lims wouldn't know base ball bat
from milk-stool. Jake Meserole
and Tom Prisk, members Of this
great ball team, are fine specimens
Of "fat men,
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-09-23

Hon. G. G. Cox is at the State Fair
in Milwaukee this week, acting in
the capacity of superintendent of the
horse department.
FRED HILL and wife were out
from Milwaukee and spent sunday
with Mrs. Hills parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Chas. Gilman.
DAME rumor has it that Mineral
Point is soon to have another grocery
store and that Jacka & Guttenstein
will be the firm name,
For A GOOD FIT and the best shap-
ed tailor made suits and over-coats
at low prices, go to
3Stf ADAM DREsEN.
MEMBERS of Emery Lodge, No. 81 i,
|. O. G. T. are requested to be present
at its regular meeting Friday, Sept.
24th. Committee.
THE Ladies' Aid Society will give
a 10 cent tea at the M. +. church Fri
day evening, Sept. "A. Tea will be
ready at o'clock. Everybody in
vited.
H. f. LIGHT, the horse buyer, will
be ut the Chamley hotel in this city,
next Monday, Sept u, and wishes to
purchase good drivers and large
draft horses. Ivy
THE young peoples meeting at the
p. NJ. church this Thursday even
ing will be lead by Miss Nina Padon
subject; Losing ones Life and
Finding it,
MIR. PETER NOBLE departed for
his home at Harlan, Iowa, yester-
day noon, after an enjoyable visit
with relatives and old time friends
in this city and vicinity.
Miss NAME SCHILLING left on
Tuesday for Volga, 5. Oak, where
she intends to spend the winter, hav-
ing accepted position as teacher in
the public schools, of that place.
THE brick for the Masonic Temple.
which was first contracted for with
a Platteville party, was found not to
be up to standard and the order was
cancelled and placed with Monroe
firm.
THE NJ. f. church pulpit will be
occupied next Sunday morning and
evening by Rev. James Evans, a
former resident of this city. The
following Sunday, Oct. Sd, the newly
appointed pastor, Rev. :. w. Trous-
dale, will be here and assume charge
of the services.
THE Misses Annie Treweek and
Lenore Jacka left last Friday after
noon for "A short visit at Shullsburg,
returning Sunday. They made the
trip by horse and carriage. Mrs.
Geo. Treweek accompanied them to
the Burg and remained for an after
visit.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-09-23

BEFORE next week closes the busi-
ness houses in the burnt district will
all be running in full blast, and
hardly any evidence OF the disas-
trous fire Of last May will be visible.
w. j. Penhallegon commenced mov-
ing his goods into his new and better
White House on Monday last, and
Martin 4 Toay hope to be settled in
their new home before another week
goes by.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-09-23
The New and Better White House.

The dry goods merchant and shoe
man, w. J. Penhallegon, is again do
ing business at the old stand, but in
Il more handsome and commo-
dious building. Many new feat
ures have been added to the new
store and one is the double deck
show cases with beveled plate tops,
which is an entirely new feature in
show casing. 1t is the first introduce
tion of these cases into this part of
the state, which goes to show that
Mr.. Penhallegon is always in the
lead in the way of Improvements for
the convenience of his customers.
A double chandelier with mirror re-
Electors will be placed in each win
dow, adding greatly to the displays
of goods therein. The floor space of
this magnificent store room amounts
to about 1000 so. it., and when inside
oneimagines himself in one of the
large stores of Chicago. Thirteen
double chandeliers have been placed
in the store, which, when Illuminated,
will make the room as light as day,
enabling customers to select the fin
est fabrics by night as well as by
day. This method of lighting has
been Mr.. Penhallegon's aim, and
having secured it, patrons are safe
in making their purchases at night.
Another addition is a new Mosler
fire and burglar proof safe.
The building will be provided
throughout with a system of steam
heating OF the very latest methods.
The proprietor has been compli-
mented by travelling men as well as
by many Others on having the finest
fitted up store building in the state.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-09-23
The Local Field.
Ar. BISh or for Fuanjture......

r. BISh or for F1nniture......
DR.. CLARKE has new adv. in this
issue.
CIRCUIT court will convene in
Dodgeville next Monday, Sept. 9th.
OUR High School foot ball team is
developing some excellent material.
GRAND millinery opening at NJ.
Wearue d Cos. this week. See their
new ad.
OWING to the death of Mrs. Hoare
our football team did not go to War
rem as advertised last week.
JOHN JEUCK, JR., is out from Chi
cago for visit with his parents and
his many boyhood friends.
SEVERAL Masons, of this city, at
tended meeting of that order at the
county seat last Friday evening.
NOTHING better, nothing half so
good as Hazle's Headache Capsules.
For sale by Eastman q Meserole.
A ACoMPLETE stock of Mems Boots
have just been added to Gundry q
tray shoe department. 3Stf
Orr foot ball boys 90 to Plattevile
next saturday to participate in a
game with the Normal athletes.
IHE price of Hazle's Headache
Capsules is 25c. DO not pay more.
For sale by Eastman q Meserole
IHAS. WINN, accompanied, by his
wife and two children, is visiting
with relatives at Cuba City this
week.
AFTER a short visit with Mr.. Pot
ieE~ parents at Platteville, Mrs.
Frank Potter returned home last
Monday.
Mis-, G. PRESTON will hold her
grand millinery opening, Thursday,
Friday and Saturday of this week.
See ad
MISS BESSIE HUTCHINSON left yes
'rldaF morning to resume her studies
1l the Northwestern University at
Evanston, Ill.
LUNCHES, hot or cold, served at all
hours. Everything in the market
'o.Ai-ned in its season at the Miner
z. Point Bakery
W. :. Ross and wife, of Mineral
I'ht We're guests of Mrs. +. NJ
lowry during the fair.-Lancaster
Herald.
fRInAY and Saturday, Sept a
ana %, are the days of Miss Lena
.aa grand opening. See ad else
where.
1R AND Mrs. PHIL. LAWRENCE
turned to their home at Pierre, :.
y. .a't Monday morning by the way
gt bodgeyille.
SPECIAL meeting of the w. r. G.
VIA be held tomorrow Friday after
noon. There being business of i'm
P'r'ahce TO be brought up for con-
>.teFatIon. full attendance is de-
BY Order of President.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1897-09-23
The Burial of S. H. Lanvon

We are in receipt of a copv of,ho
ri'tspurg, (kau) Headlight, givjno
an account of the death of onr farm,
e' ci''"eh, =, II. Lanyon, but owino
~ '''' Iatehess of its arrival we ore
unable to give the notice in fuu. but
cup the following burial ceremonies.
me last sad rites were performed
over all that was earthly of : u
Lahyon Thursday, the 10th. The f,-
herai was largely attended bv NOT
o"iS the relatives of the deceased
put oy friends and those who were
intimate with him in business ,a,,-
'lohs. The services were conduct,d
at the residence, corner of Fiftb and
fine, by Rev. J. II. Gibson of the
united Presbyterian church. and
Key. a. Il. Maclean, of the Metho.
alst church. The remains wore fol
iowed to the Mt. Olive cemeterv bv
large procession and all tbnt was
mortal OF one of Pittsburg's most hon
ofeu ci'ilehs was laid away in its
narrow home to await tho o,II
Judgment day. Out of respect TO the
deceased the business houses wera
closed IN the forenoon from ten TO
twelve o'clock"