The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-08-08

msnt OF Nicsrnrua, through who territory Il
would pass. also TO protect II. The In.
structions TO Il. George Bquier. appointed
By me Charge d'Afaires to Guatemala
on tho second day Of April, 1s49. are herewith
submitted, as fully Indicating the views which
governed me in directing = treaty TO be made
with Nicaragua. / considered the interference
Of the British Government on this continent in
scizinR the port Of San Juan, which commanded
the route believed 10 be the most eligible for the
canal across tho isthmus and occupying IL at
tho very moment when II was known, as / be
liove, to Great Britain that we wero engaged In
tho negotiation for the purchase OF California,
~ nm unfortunate coincidence and one calcu.
lated 10 lead TO the inference that she enter.
tanned designs by no means in harmony with
the interests Of the United States"
We come now TO tho communication which
was transmitted to tho Senate with tho Clay.
ton.Bulwer treaty, which sets forth tho con.
structIon put upon that instrument by tho
President and his Secretary OF State. The
paragraphs which deserve 70 DO particularly
noted are the following: This treaty has been
negotiated IN accordance with tho Gohorhl
viows expressed In my message to Congress In
December last. It's object 10 TO establish n com
morciAl alliance with all great maritime states
for the protection of q contemplated ship canal
| through tho territory OF Nicaragua to connect
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and, at the
same time. TO insure the snmc protection to the
contemplated railways or canals by the Tc-
huantepeo and Panama routes, rs well ms TO
every other intoroccanic communication which
| may be adopted to shorten tho transit TO or from
our territories on the Pacific. . Attic time
negotiations were opened with Nicaragua for
the construction OF n canal through her terri
tory I found Great Britain In possession OF
| nearly half OF Central America. as tho ally md
| prntoctor M Tho Mnanutto KING. H. has beNn
my object In negotiating this treaty not only to
secure tho passage across tho lsthmus to the
| Government and citizons OF the United States
by tho construction Of q groathiShway dedicated
to the use OF NIL nations on equal terms. but to
maintain tho independence and sovereignty OF
all tho Central American republics. Tho Senate
will Judge how far these objects have been
effected. II there be any who would desire
to seize and annex my portion OF tho territories
OF these weak sister republics TO tho American
Union. or to extend our dominion over Them.
do not concur In their policy: and l wish 1t to be
understood In reference to that subject that ]
adopt tho views entertained. so far Ms know, by
all my predecessors. The principles by which l
have been regulated In the negotiation OF this
treaty are In accordance with tho sentiments
we'll expressed by my immediate predecessor on
tho 10th OF February, lsi7. when he
Gated TO tho Senate tho treaty with Now Ora
nhnh tOr tnB pFOteCtlOn OF Ine ThllTOAu NJ "
anna. II IL In accordance with the whole spirit
Of tho resolution Of the Senate OF tho Sd Of
March. 1888. referred to by President Polk. and
with the policy adopted by President jackson
Immediately after tho passnge OF that resolu-
tion. who despatched an agent TO Central Amer
lea and Now Granada to open negotiations with
those Governments for tho purpose OF efcctu.
ally protecting. by suitable treaty stipulations
with them, such individuals or companies M
might undertake to open a communication be-
tween tho Atlantic and Pacific oceans by the
construction Of n ship canal across tho isthmus
which connects North and South America, and
OF securing forever by such stipulntions the FREQ
and equal right OF navigating such canal to all
nations on the payment OF such reasonable
tolls AZ might be established to compensate the
capitalists who should engage In such under.
taking and complete the work."
OF President Fillmore but little 10 popularity
remembered. although. as q matter Of fact, he
had long boon q conspicuous member OF the
Whig party, whom. In 1S+S. no was put forward
NJ It's candidate for Woe. President. He was
born Fol-. 2. 1900. In the township Of Locke
(now SummerhIll). Cayuga county. n. Y. His
forefathers had served with distinction In tho
French and Revolutionary wars. All the edu.
cation no ever had was obtained from primitive
schools In tho nelghborhood. which, up to the
age OF IL. no had attended for three months in the
year. tho other nine being devoted to working
on his fathers farm. III 1914 he became an APP
prentice In the business OF carding and dressing
cloth. and subsequently, became II cloth dresser
on his own account. Attracted. however, toward
a professional life. no became. In 1913, q school
teacher. and. Ave years later. was admitted as
an attorney by the Court Of Common
PloNs Of Eric county. where no soon be-
came a successful lawyer. His political
career may BIO said to have begun with tho birth
OF the WhiR party and to have cnded with its
extinction. Ie was elected to tho Legislature
OF his State In 1923. and served three terms.
distinguishing himself by his advocacy OF the
act to abolish imprisonment for d0bt. In 1882
no was sent to the House OF Representatives.
but. after serving one term, retired; he WAS re-
elected in 1896 and again in 1888 and 1910. but
declined n denomination In 1912. He may be
regarded as tho author of the tariff OF 1912. He
was an unsuccessful candidate for Vice-Presi.
dent before the Wing Convention OF Balti.
moro In 1914, but tho Wings nominated
him by reclamation for Governor of Now York
in tho following September. In tho ensu.
ing election no was defeated by Silas
Wright. but in ls47 he was chosen Comptrolley
OF the State. In ls4s he WAS nominated by the
Whigs for Vice President on tho ticket with
Gen. Taylor and was elooted. BY the death OF
President Taylor he became Chief Magistrate or
July 10. 1850. He WAS u candidate for President
at the Wing Convention In 1882. but Gen. Scott
received the nomination. In 1856. while in
Rome, no was nominated for tho Presidency by
the rump Of the Whig party. Fremont being the
Republican candidate; both woro defeated. rs II
10 we'll known. by Buchanan. Mr.. Fillmore re-
sided in Buffalo during the remainder OF his life
but hold no public ofico after retiring from the
PreaidenCy. He died on March 4. 1874.
Mr.. Fllmore's second annual message. dated
Doc. =, 1851. contains an account OF tho inva
sion OF Cuba by the Lopez alibustering expedi
ton. Worry carly In the morning OF the Sd OF
August a steamer called tho Psmpero departed
from Now Orleans for Cuba, having ON board
upward OF 400 armed MEN, with evident inten
lions to make war upon tho authorities of the
Island. This expedition was set on foot In pal
pablo violation OF the laws OF the United States
Its leader was u Spaniard. and several OF the
chief officers and some others engaged In II wore
.l nh