Birmingham state herald., 1897-01-06
VESTED IN THE EXECUTIVE Is the Power of Recognizing
 Governments. so SAYS THE STATISTICS Compiled by the Department of State and Pre- sented by Senator Hale. THE STEAMER DAUNTLEsS ARRIVES SAFE And Turns Over to Gomez a Large Amount of Munition and FIfty0ne De-
 termined and Fear
 less Men. CUBANS ARE BECOMING VERY IUBlLANT Weyler Expresses Surprise at Reports of Corruption in the Military Adminis- tration-Expects to Down the
 Rebellion in Fortnight
 Three Friends
 Tied Up.
cUBANs ARE BECOMING VERY JUBlLANT

Washington, Jan. 5.--In the senate to- day MT. Hale submitted and had printed as a document, a memorandum prepared by the department of state on the method or recognition" of foreign governments and foreign states by the government of the United States from 17S9 to 1897, tend ing to show the accuracy of Secretary Olney's contention that the recognition of foreign governments was exclusively an executive Junction. in which congress had no part. The precedents cited were numerous.
 After criticisms from writers on inter- national law, the memorandum sets forth specifically the states that have been re- cognized and the manner of doing so. Among them are the following:
 The French republic, 1793, recognized by the reception by Washington of the minister, M. Genet, as the representa- tive of the new republic.
 The Empire, 1S04 in which the recogni- ton of Napoleon as emporer was effected by new credentials to MT Armstrong, the American minister at Paris. These cre- dentials were signed in, blank so they could be filled out in the form required by the new government and to be ready to be presented when MT. Armstrong was satisfied that the empire was '1n pos session and control of the governmental power and the territory of the nation, the usual conditions precedent in all eases of recognition by the United States gov ernment."
 A similar course was followed upon the abdication of Napoleon and the restora- ton of the monarchy of 1914
 The next radical change in the form of the French government was the repub- lie of 184S. The provincial government was proclaimed on the morning of Feb. IS, 184S, and was recognized by MT. Rush, the American minister, on the 18th by an address to the members of the new gov ernment. New credentials were sent to MT. Rush and the President expressed his approval of the minister's course in being first to recognize the new republic.
 "Within a few years" continues the memorandum, 'it became again neces- Sary for the American government to sig nifty its view of another revolution of power in France, on the decree of the second empire and the accession of Ma poleon III. This recognition was af- fected by an instruction to that effect, and a new audience in the usual way, to MT. Rlves, our minister at Paris, with a renewal of the assurances that the United States gladly recognized the right of every nation to determine the form of it's own government
 At the close of the Franco-German war the deposition of Napoleon III, and the
 
 betta, Minister Washburne was author ized by telegraph to recognize the new republic QS70). MT. Davis, acting secre- tary of state, first instructed MT. Wash burne to recognize the provisional gov ernment if "in possession and control" His second dispatch was unconditional, and directed recognition; the third in- structed him to tender the Presidents congratulations upon the establishment of a republican government, when the
 
 modate them. March II, 1871, MT. Fish telegraphed MT. Washburne to recognize the government of M. Thiers.'
 The independent states of South Amer lea were recognized by President Mon- roe, who dispatched ministers to the Ar genuine Republic, Chile and Mexico Jan uary 27, 1923. Colombia was recognized by the Presidents selection of MT. Sam uel Torres as charge daffairs, January IS Cor 19), 1922. At this time Colombia consisted of what afterwards became Ecuador, New Granada and Venezuela by separation
 Brazil declared independence Septem- Der [ 1922 and Pedro l.. son of King John VI, of Portugal was proclaimed emperor December l, 1922. The independ- ence of the empire was recognized by the Presidents reception of Senor Rebello minister to the United States, May 26 1924.
 The federation of Central American states was recognized by the presidents s reception of MT. CanaZ, as minister, Aug 1, 1924 This federation consisted of the states of Honduras, Guatemala, Nic- aragua, Costa Riea and San Salvador.
 The kingnom of Hawaii was recognized in 1926 when Capt. Thomas A. Catesby Jones was sent there to negotiate a treaty which was signed by the king Dec. 23, 1926. The provisional government of Ha- waii was recognized by the negotiation of the annexation treaty of Feb. 14, 1893.
 The independence of Texas was recog- nized by the sending of MT. l.. A. Branche as charge daffaires, March 2, 1884, after the President had satisfied himself that the newly organized government was in possession and control and capable of maintaining its status, and after Mexico's attempted invasion had been abandoned.
 Other cases mentioned in the memor- andum where the recognition was com pleted by the action of the executive alone, were those of Belgium in 1882, Greece in 1885, Hayti in 1862, Liberia in 1S4S, San Domingo in 1866, Corea in 1868, the present empire of Germany in 1871, the Congo Free State in 1871, Roumania by various acts in 1878 and 1880, Servia In 1884, the various Central American states.
 The greater republic of Central Amer ica Q896), was recognized by the Presi- dents reception on Dec. 24. 1896, of it's minister, Mir. Rodriguez. with the under standing that no existing obligations of any of the states comprising the new na- tion-Honduras, Nicaragua and aSalva- dor-should be regarded as lapsed. The