Evening star., 1897-01-30
The Five Stages in the International
Transaction.
ARBITRATION COMPACT IN fHE FIRST
Ratification by Our Senate and the
British Privy Council Necessary.
T H E FIN AL SIGNING

1
a treaty entered into by the representa-
tives of two governments fully binding
| and effective upon the people of the coun-
tries concerned. That such Is the case
has been demonstrated by the wide di-
Vergence OF views expressed in the recent
| gEeral discussion in newspapers, In public
| gatherings and even in the Senate of the
United States of the Anglo-American
! treaty of arbitration recently signed in
| this city. 1t is generally understood, of
| course, that this convention, although sign
ed by the properly accredited representa-
tives of Great Britain and the United
States, is still subject to the ratification of
the superior powers of each government,
| but the subsequent course o; procedure
Of the respective governments necessary to
means well known.
In conversation with several officials Of
| the State Department today Star re-
porter obtained some Interesting data IN
| this point. According to the Constitution
and the laws of the United states a treaty
of this kind is not operative until 1t has
gene through five formal stages. These in
their order are-frst signing by the repre-
sentative Of the President; second. ratifica-
| ton advised by the Senate; third, ratifca-
| ton by the President; fourth, exchange Of
ratifcations, and, fifth, proclamation of the
| treaty. AS is well known. the arbitration
! treaty has as yet passed through only the
first stage, and is in the throes OF its sec
| ond stage. Inacmuch as il has already
secured the full Endorsement of the Presi-
dent, as evidenced by the signature of his
representative, there is. no room for doubt
as to the nature Of :he action that would
| follow in the last three stages, provided
| the Senate should advise and consent to
| it's ratification.
In the Queens Control.
In the case of the British government
the modus operandi Is somewhat similar,
| with the most important exception that
| the entire proceedings are practically with
| in the discretion and control Of the queen.
All that remains to be done by the British
| government to make the treaty operative
| in British dominons is for its ratification
| by the queen on the recommendation of
| the most honorable privy council and its
| subsequent proclamation Although treaties
| are not subject to the ratification Of the,
| British parliament, 1t is customary to lay
| synopses Of them before the Legislative
| branch for its Information, coincident with
their ratification by the queen in coun-
cil." The members Of TIE privy council
are appointed by the prime minister. wfeh
the approval Of the queen. Consequently
| the dominant political party Is ia control,
| and Its action is practically controlled by
! the premier of the administration, at pres
cnt Lord Salisbury. who. having entered
into the arbitration treaty with the United
| States, may be safely counted on to secure
its approval at home. The present priyy
council numbers about seventy persons and
| includes nearly all the leading officials of
| the united kingdom. Its membership en-
/ braces the Prince Of Wales and all the
male members of the royal family. the
| lord high chancellor and all the cabinet
! officers, the lord president and the lead
| ing members of parliament, the Archbishop
men, and members of the British diSlo-
| matte corps, including Sir Julian Paunce-
| fote. The opposition is represented by
large but powerless delegation.
One of the officials Of the State Depart
ment describ I'd the modus operandi of
| treaty for the benefit Of the reporter in the
following terse form:
Great Britain and the United States con-
clude treaty or convention for a specific
purpose. 1t is signed in duplicate. These
copies are the original treaties. In the
| British copy the British representative
| signs first and In the United States copy
| the American representative signs first.
| The British original copy is than sent to
Great Britain and laid before the privy
council, which passes upon 1t. II such ac-
tion is favorable the queen ratifies the
original copy. An exchange copy is then
made and hears the queens ratification.
| The exchange copy Is a copy Of the orig
inal treaty bearing the queens ratification
Final Proclamation.
| This copy is delivered to the representa-
| tive of the government of the United
| States by the British representative in ex-
change for a similar copy of the original
| States. This exchange copy is ratified by
| the President Of the United States. A pro-
| tocol Of exchange is signed by the resp.c-
| tive representatives when the delivery CT
these exchange copies takes place After
this has been accomplished the President
of the United States, and likewise the queen
| of the united kingdom. proclaims the orig
irai convention. when 1t becomes imme-
| diately operative, or at future date, ac-
cording to Its terms. And that's all there
| Is to it, 80
| The ratification of the exchange copy by
the queen is usually in the following form.
I'VE having seen and considered the con-
Vention aforesaid. have approved, accepted
and confirmed the same in all and eyery
one OF its articles and clauses. as we do
! Dy these presents approve. accept, confirm
| and ratffy 1t for ourselves, our heirs and
SUCCESSORS. engaging and promising, upon
our Royal word, that we will sincerely and
faithfully perform and observe ali and
singular the things which are contained
and expressed IN the convention aforesaid
and that we will never suffer the same to
any manner, as far as It lies In our power.
| For the greater testimony and validity Of
all which we have caused the Great Seal of
| our United Kingdom Of Great Britain and
Ireland to be affixed to these presents
Hand.
| .Given at our court at Osborne the = day
of the = year OF our Lord and the = year
of our reign.
"(Signed) VICTORIA. r. In
| The last two initials stand for Regina
| Imperatrix" ]
The OMcial Form.
| The form used by the President of the
United States in the ratification Of an ex-
change treaty Is as follows:
ITO all to whom these Presents shall come
| Greeting:
| Know ye, that whereas convention be-
| tween the United States Of America and
lname Of other country. extending for
| period of - years from - date, the
Duration Of the convention between the
two High Contracting Pa9ttea concerning
(suhject. was canc3uded and signe1
By their respective pleuipotentiaries at
washington, on the -- day Of 49, fyeafE d
true copy Of which convention is. word for
word, a. fol1ows: = i
Nere follows convention.)
And where's the Senate OF the United
States, by their resolution OF (date),
0wo-thirds Of the senators present concur.
ring therein) did advise and consent to the
ratincatfon OF the said convention:
Now. therefore, be 1t known that I