The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1897-01-06
CLEVELAND RIGHT ON CUBA.
RECOGNITION \ PREROG ALIVE OF
THE PRESIDENT.

1S07-It Sustains the Accuracy OF
Secretary 0Iney's Contention In
the Mntter-Mr. Hale Submits IL to
the senate and Has Ii Printed.
Washington, Jan. Sin the Senate to-
day Mr.. Hale submitted and had printed
as document a memorandum prepared
by the department of state on the method
of recognition" of foreign governments
and foreign states by the government of
the United States from -S9 to 1897, tending
to show the accuracy of Secretary Olney's
contention that the recognition of foreign
governments was exclusively an executive
function, in which congress had no part.
The precedents cited were numerous
After criticisms from writer's on inter
national law, the memorandum sets forth
specifically the states that have been rec
ognized, and the manner of doing so.
Among them are the following:
The French republic, 1898, recognized by
the reception by Washington of the min
lister NJ. Genet, as the representative of
the new republic.
The empire, 1904, in which the recognition
of Napoleon, as emperor, was effected by
new credentials to Mr. Armstrong the
American minister at Paris. These Gre
dentials were signed in blank. so they
could be filled ont in the form required by
the new government, and be ready to be
presented when Mr.. Armstrong was salts
fed that the empire was "in possession
and control of the governmental power
and the territory of the nation, the usual
conditions precedent in all cases of recog-
milton by the United States government"
A similar course was followed upon the
abdication of Napoleon and the restora-
tion of the monarchy of 1914.
The next radical change in the form of
the French government was the republic
of 1S48. The provisional government was
proclaimed on the morning of Feb. %,
1913, and was recognized by Mr.. Rush, the
American minister on the 2Sth, by an ad-
dress to the members of the new govern
ment. New credentials were sent to Mr..
Rush, and the President expressed his ap-
proval of the minister's course in being
first to recognize the new republic.
within a few years." continues the
memorandum, "it became again necessa-
ry for the American government to signl-
fy it's view of another revolution of power
in France on the decline of the Second
Empire and the accession of Napoleon- Ill.
This recognition was affected by an in
struction to that effect, and new audi
ence in the usual way, to Mr.. Rives, our
minister to Paris, with a renewal of the
assurance that the United States gladly
recognized the right of every nation to de-
termine the form of it's own government"
At the close of the Franco-German war,
the deposition of Napoleon III, and The
proclamation of the republic by Gambetta
Minister Washburn was authorized by
telegraph to recognize the republic QS7O.
Mr.. Davis, acting Secretary of State first
instructed Mr.. Washburn TO recognize
the provisional government If 'in possess
sion and control" His second dispatch
was unconditional and directed recogni-
tion; the third instructed him to tender
the Presidents congratulations upon the
establishment OF a republican govern
ment, when the proper moment should ar
rive to communicate them.
March II, 1871, Mr.. Fish telegraphed Mr.
Washburn to recognize the government
of M Thiers."
The independent states of South Amer
lea were recognized by President Monroe,
who dispatched ministers to the Argen-
tine Republic Jan. q, 1923; Chile. Jan. q,
1923, and Mexico, Jan. q, 1898 Colombia
was recognized by the Presidents recep-
ton of Mr. Samuel Torres as charge daft
faires, Jan. IS Tor 19. 1922 At this time
Colombia consisted of what afterwards be-
came Ecuador, New Granada and Vene-
zuela by separation
Brazil declared independence Sept. Z, 1922
and Pedro /, son of King John VI of Por-
tugal, was proclaimed emperor Dec. /,
1922. The independence of the empire was
recognized by the Presidents reception of
Senior Rebello. as minister to the United
States, May 26, 1924
The Federation of Central American
States was recognized by the Presidents
reception of Mr.. Canaz, as minister, Aug.
4, 1924 This federation consisted of the
states of Honduras, Guatemala, Mica
ragua, Costa Rlca and Salvador.
The kingdom OF Hawaii was recognized
in 1926 when. Capt, Thomas A. Catesby
Jones was sent there to negotiate a treaty
which was signed by the king Dec. %,
1926 The provisional government of Ha-
wall was recognized by the negotiation Of
an annexation treaty of Feb IA, 1893.
The independence of Texas was recog-
nized by the sending Of Mr.. La Blanche
as charge d-affares March 7, 1897, after
the President had satisfied himself that
the newly organized government was In
possession and control and capable of
maintaining its status, and after Mexi-
co.'s attempted invasion had been aban-
doned.
other cases mentioned in the memoran-
dunn, where the recognition was complete
by the action of the executive alone. were
those of Belgium, in 1892: Greece, in 1897;
Hayti in 1862; Liberia, in 1Sl9 San Domin-
go, in 1885, Corea, in 1868; the present em-
pire of Germany, in 1871; the Congo Free
State, in 1871: Roumania, by various acts
in 1878 and 1880; Servia. in 1884; the various
Central American states.
The Greater Republic of Central Ameri-
can states OS96) was recognized by the
Presidents reception, on Dec. "a, 1896, of
It's minister, Mr. Rodriguez, with the un-
derstanding that no existing obligations
Of any of the states comprising the new
nation-IIonduras, Nicaragua and Saliva
dor--should be regarded as lapsed The
President had been advised by ceremonial
letter Of Sept. %, 1896, of the decree es-
tabishing the new government.
Diplomatic relations between the United
States and the Independent states of the
American continental system have been
substantially though not actually, con-
tinuous since their first assumption. The
unions and federations that have arisen
the separations that have occurred and
the governments resulting from the revo-
lutions and counter-revolutions In Central
and South America have all, from the
point Of view OF recognition, been treated
in the simplest way. When the establish
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