davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02

explanation may be found in the fact
toned to make use of bank deposits,
and consequently when payments are
made to them for their crops largely
at a single season of the year, the sur
plus over immediate payments is re-
quired by them in the form of notes-it
being PROFESSIONALLY true that in any
Of our agricultural communities in this
country the average farmer has in his
possession during the six weeks follow
ing the sale of his crop a much larger
amount of currency than during the
rest of the year. The result in the ag-
gregate is an extraordinary demand.
such as that which leads in Canada to
the bank circulation"
Undoubtedly the needs for currency
in the United States change about as
much as in Canada, but the cost of buy
ing bonds at high premium on which
notes can be issued only to 90 per cent.
Of their par value, the red tape neces-
sary to obtain these notes from the gov
eminent and the tax on circulation
make delay and cost in increasing the
circulation which practically prohibit
an increase until the need for such in
crease is past. Therefore interest rates
in this country run up rapidly in Au-
gust and September without appreci-
ably affecting the supply of currency.
In Scotland and Canada the machin-
cry necessary TO increase the supply of
currency is simple and is entirely in the
hands of the banks: hence the cost and
delay necessary are much less than with
us. Thus in Canada a few big banks
with numerous branch banks" supply
all parts of the country with currency.
When more money is needed in any
province - as in Manitoba when the
wheat crop Is being harvested-rates Of
interest begin TO rise. The profits of sup
plying currency in this province are in
creased, and Immediately additional
supplies of currency are sent from the
big banks in Montreal, Quebec or To-
ronto 10 their branch banks in Mani
toba. Thus the cost Of moving the crops
is much lower in Canada than in the
United States, where rates of interest
go up and down without materially
changing the supply of currency. OF
course the farmers, through increased
competition of bidders, who obtain
plenty of money at low rates of interest
and can afford to pay high prices, reap
most of the benefit
There are other advantages con-
nected with branch banks" which IL is
unnecessary to explain here. 1t is suff-
cient to say that in Canada there Is no
occupy the time of politicians and leg
islators. 1t is not likely that we will
have financial peace until we greatly
improve our banking and currency sys-
TENS.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02

In his speech at New York on Febru-
airy &c Mr.. Bryan said; IF any person
believes a government should single
out few people and give them advan-
tages over others, he does not under
stand equality under the law"
This is very true. But, in demanding
that silver mine owners be permitted to
take so cents worth Of bullion TO the
treasury and have it stamped as one dol
lar is not Mr.. Bryan advocating the
very inequality under the law which he
rebukes? Would not free coinage of
silver at fictitious ratio be 10 single
out a few people and give them adj
vantages over others?" The owners Of
silver bullion in this country are very
few indeed
Again Mr.. Bryan says: mo Just gov
eminent ought TO enable or permit one
citizen 10 injure another citizen"
True. But would not the govern
ment do this il il enabled one class of
citizens, the debtors, TO discharge their
obligations TO another class, the cred
itors, in dollars worth only half as
much as were Che dollars loaned? If
the government were TO make wampum
or conch shells legal tender for the pay
ment Of debt, would it not enable one
class of citizens to injure another class I?
And would it not do the same in depre-
ciating the currency of the country TO
a 50-cent basis?
The people so decided last November.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
ITED STATES NATIONAL BANKs
EXCLUSIVE OF BANKS OWN NOTES
ON HAND

These diagrams show that in Scot
land there is about 20 per cent. more OF
currency in circulation in November
than in February. In Canada there is
a2 per cent. more currency in circua-
ton in October than in May. In the
United States there was only six per
cent. change in circulation during the
two years 1894 and 1895, and the most of
this change is accounted for not by the
changing needs for currency at differ
ent periods of the year, but by the sales
Of United States bonds, which made il
convenient for banks 10 increase their
circulation. Mr.. Root thus explains
the changes in Canada and Scotland:
For instance, on comparing the cir
culation of Canada and Scotland, the
first thing noticed is that in Scotland
there are two upward movements, one
eliminating in May and the other in
November, while in Canada the former
movement is entirely absent and the
other occurs one month earlier than i'm
Scotland. The explanation will without
doubt be found in the Scotch practice
of making payments on mortgages, in
terst. annuities, etc, at those dates--a
practice not followed SO extensively i'm
Canada.
ain general a single annual move.
ment may be said 10 characterize agri-
cultural communities. This occurs in
the fall. and is due TO what we bave
come to call moving the ergps.' It's
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
QUESTION OF BRANCH BANKS.
Experience. of Other Countries Is
Largely I'm Favor of Them.

Largely I'm Favor of Them.
If small national banks are TO be en-
couraged in the more sparsely settled
portions of the country, the question
arises whether they should he purely
local organizations or branches of the
great metropolitan banks. The old
United States bank had branches which,
by virtue of their connection with a
large central institution, had some adj
vantages over the local banks, with
which they competed, but were
in more than one instance the objects of
adverse state legislation. This spirit
of local hostility TO a bank located in
another city, and perhaps another state,
left memories which still survive and
which account in part for the opposi-
ton to branch banks.
But the experience of England and
Scotland, Canada and Australia, is
strongly and uniformly in favor of
large central banks with many branch
es. The banks of Canada are able to
maintain a singular uniformity in the
ratesof interestin the great commercial
centers and in the remote agricul-
tural regions because the banks of
Montreal and Toronto have their
branches in Manitoba and the Pacific
region ard can transfer the surplus cap
ital of one locality to meet the deficiency
in another as ii cannot be done by Who'll
ly Independent banks. The conditions
in Canada are very much like those of
the United States. and the success of the
Canadian banks in doing what we rec
ognize the Importance Of having done
is entitled to great weight in our con-
siderations. In Scotland II is well
known that the branch system has
greatly favored those agricultural in
terests which in our own country are so
much in need OF financial accommo-
dation.
The preponderance of financial testi-
mony is decidedly In favor of the
branch system, most of the opposition
to which comes, or would come, from
local financial interests, jealous of
strong outside competition, There Is
a feeling of distrust of all banks which
is born Of ignorance. 1t increases rap
idly with the increase of a banks cap
ital and the extension of its operations,
which are supposed to prove the bank to
be q monopoly.-Iron Age.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
Bryan's Niistaken Policy.

Aren't Bryan and his friends making
a great mistake by continuing the dis
cussion of the silver question at this
timer 1t is nearly four years until the
next presidential election, and the peo-
pie can learn a whole lot about silver
and the effect of cheap money upon
wages and savings in four years. They
learned much that Bryan didn't want
them to know during the four short
months Of the last campaign. 1t is no
ticeable that in the states where the
question was most discussed the ma
jorities against Bryan were heavy or
his majorities were Unexpectedly
small.
If the silverites will think of the
great amount of work done in the
states west of Pennsylvania, east Of Col
orado and north of Tennessee and re-
fleet upon the result Of the election,
they will. If they are wise and want to
win in 1900, conclude 10 drop educa-
tional work and to proceed on some less
dangerous line. If Bryan and his
friends would stop talking about sill
YER for three years, 1t would be difficult
for the "goldbugs" to get people to lis
ten to their convincing arguments.
II our hard times should unfortunately
continue, Bryan might step out a few
days before the 1900 election and say:
~ told you So" and a majority of the
voters, without having given the mat
Ter much thought, might conclude that
perhaps the "crime of 1873" was re-
sponsible for the lack of prosperity.
But if they study the question for four
whole years they will be certain that
neither silver nor any kind Of cheap
money ever brought prosperity to any
country, though they have often
brought hard times. The wage earn
ers will understand that sixteen TO one
Is an underhanded scheme to lower
wages and the farmers that they can
not, by juggling with cheap money, get
any advantage of the rest Of the world
in the matter of prices of farm prod
ucts.
This educational work must be
stopped short, or the cause of free sill
yer is lost.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
The only Good Paper Currency.

All propositions for the retirement of
the legal tenders and the abolition of
the treasury reserve as feature Of our
currency system are coupled with the
demand for a banking system that
would afford a large note circulation,
one more responsive TO the fuctuating
demands of business and one whose re-
serve would be maintained by banks
which would be compelled by the con-
ditions Of their existence and by law
30 protect their notes, and which,
through their discount business, have
the necessary machinery for increas-
ing their reserves or decreasing their
liabilities. Such a banking system
would provide the paper currency
which the American people would
rather handle in their daily trapsac-
tons and carry about as pocket money
than specie.-Iron Age.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
CURRENCY ELASTICITY.
Our System Inferior to Those Of
Scotland and Canada
Need for More Money TO Move Crops
IL ut once Supplied I'm other
Countries, Hut Not
In This.
Secretary of the Treasury Window

Secretary of the Treasury Window
said in his treasury report for 1890:
"In my judgment the gravest defect
in our present financial system is its
lack of elasticity. The demand
for money, in this country, is so irregular
that an amount of circulation which
will be ample during ten months of the
year will frequently prove SO deficient
during the other two months as TO cause
stringency and commercial disaster.
The crops of the country have reached
proportions so immense that their move
ment to market, in August and Septem-
Der, annually causes a dangerous alb
sorption of money. The lack of suffi-
,cient supply to meet the increased de-
mands during those months may entail
heavy losses upon the agricultural as
well as upon other business interests"
How hard and inolastic is our presen1
unscientific currency system, OF lack of
system, is apparent when a comparison
is made with the currency systems of
other countries. In a pamphlet recently
issued by the sound currency commit
tee of the Reform club Mr.. L. Carroll
Root illustrates the relative elasticity
of 20 different banking systems in 10
different countries. He says:
"The data secured include weekly or
monthly statements Of the outstanding
circulation of the leading bank cur
rency systems of the world. The period
covered in each case is the two years
1894 and 1895. The method of prepare
tion of diagrams has been to take the
minimum circulation of the period as q
base line and to reduce the amounts on
other dates to percentages of this. In
this way "a common measure has been
secured, and comparison Of one dia-
gram with another is facilitated"
We reproduce below three of Mr..
Roots diagrams which show in a strik-
ing way the great difference in elastici-
ty Of currencies in Scotland, Canada and
the United States.
BANKS OF sCOTLAND-TEN BANKS.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
Pine River.

The Republicans in caucus last Sat.
urday put i'll nomination one of the
strongest tickets ever nominated in the
township and should be elected. The
following is the ticket:
Supervisor-CageW Wood.
Clerk Griffin.
Treasurer Samuel Brundage.
Highway CONF. A. Henry.
Justice of Peace, 1.-TWO years.. G.
Barris.
IRJustice of Peace, -four years -Clar-
ence Faucet.
School Inspector-Otto May.
Member Board Of Revicw-T i.
Clark.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02

Two years ago r. J. Warren, a drug
gist at Pleasant Brook, n Y, bought a
small supply of Chamberlain Cough
Remedy. He sums up the result as fol-
lows: "At that time the goods We're
unknown in this section today Cham
berlain's Cough Remedy is a household
word. " It is the same in hundreds of
communities. Wherever the good
qualities Of Chamberlain Cough Rem
edy become known the people Will have
nothing else For sale by c. f. Mahan,
Druggist.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
The sound Money Propaganda.

The decision of the silver men to con-
tinue their fight for the 50-cent dollar,
despite the emphatic verdict of the peo-
pie in November, is appropriately fol-
lowed by the organization in New York
of a sound money league, which is to be
national in its character and in the
scope of its work. From this time on
till the next presidential election the
dissemination of money facts and cor
rect views as to money is to be contin-
ued.
The most efficient agency of the last
campaign was the sound currency COM
mittee of the New York Reform club,
and its publications, each given to some
one phase of the currency question,
were invaluable TO speakers and writ
ers. A sound basis for currency reform
was thus laid in the minds of thousands
who were cropping after the truth.
These publications, IL is stated, are u
continue. An effort is to be made TO
widen the field of operations by class
of writings of a more popular character.
In the south and west particularly hon
est thinkers are TO be supplied with ma
terial for progressive thought toward
sound conclusions on the money ques-
ton.
Much was done in six months of 1895
to uproot the erroneous ideas planted
in five years of populist agitation. En-
rors had fourished simply because they
had not been confronted with fact.
Now monetary truth is to be as sys-
tematically inculcated as fallacy was,
and the result cannot but be most
wholesome .-Baltimore Sun.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
No Free silver BimetsIIi.m.

The free and unlimited coinage of sill
yer, when it does not preserve its parity
with gold, cannot be a condition in true
bimetallism because in its effect il is
directly antagonistic to the system.
Whenever practicod it always results
In monometallism. and silver at that.
Such is the case now in all silver coun-
tries, as Mexico and China, and such
was the case in the United States in the
40 years prior TO 1894.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
Afraid Of sixteen Ia One Fire.

The democrats of Rhode Island will.
IL is said, ignore the currency question
in their coming state convention. They
will ignore it for the same reason that "A
burnt child stops playing with fire. II
is to be hoped that the democrats will
profit by past mistakes. 1t would he a
pity not to have the two great old par
ties in the Geld In lguu.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
Large Currency.

Sneak Thief Sam-Pity 'twuz erbout
Jimmy. He wuz making big money,
and the perlice broke him all up.
Footpad Sim--Big money. wuz he?
What wuz his Jay?
Sneak Thief Sam-Coning silver dol.
lars
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02

The Rev w. II. Weaver, pastor of
the L. b. Church. Dillsburg, Pa, rec
ognizes the value of Chamberlain 5
Cough Remedy, and does not hesitate
70 tell others about it. II have ueed
Chamberlain Cough Remedy" he
says, land find it an excellent medicine
FOR colds, coughs and hoarseness." So
does everyone who gives it trial. Sold
by G. f. Mahan, Druggist.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
METHODIST.

The pastor will preach morning and
evening. Subject for morning services,
"Christ's Growing Credentials" Sub
iect for evening, "In the World We shall
have Tribulation." Sunday School at
-. Epworth League Tuesday evening
at 30 Prayer meeting Thursday
evening 100.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
Have You a Cold2

If so, then, instead of taking so much
quinine and other strong medicines
take a pleasant and mild stomach and
bowel remedy, which will cleanse the
system, and you will be surprised how
quickly the cold will leave you. Dr.
Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin will do this
better than any other Trial size -1Oc
90 doses l0c), larger sizes SOC and 81 co.
nj B s. Webb
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
1t Grows

AS a cure for constipation and indi-
gestion DR.. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin
grows rapidly in favor W here introduced.
Children love its taste, for it is so pleas
ant. Trial size 10c Regular size SOC
and 81 90 of b. 5. Webb
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
Card of Thanks

Our friends have been exceedingly kind tc
us in our sorrow. We would express our deer
and heartfelt gratitude. Nay our Father
bless and keep you all A. W BFCK NER,
JENNIE BFCKNER.
NEWELL GRAVES.
PATIENCE GRAVES
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
Notice.,

Notice il hereby given that my wife. Marian
Spencer, has left my bed aud board without
Just cause or provOcation, and hereby forbid
any person harboring or trusting her on my
account. l.. = SPENCER
Alma March 18th 1SQ,
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
PRESBYTERIAN.

The pastor will preach next Sunday
morning on the subject, Religion in
Daily Life" The evening subject will
be "The Signs of Christian" All are
cordially invited.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
Religious Notes.
EPISCOPAL.

st Johns Church Lenten services:
Friday evening at 1870; Wednesday
morning at 10. On Sunday Holy Com
munion at $40. Sunday School $3.50 p.
IN. Evening service : 30 The next
sermon in the Lentcn course will be
preached on Sunday evening Subject,
Salvation in the Church. All are
invited.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02
A BIG OFFER
$3.50 Worth OF Fine Old Wine for
$500

The Speer N. j. Wine Co. of passaic, n. j..
is Offering case of II bottles choice and old
assortment of wine for $500. This offer, below
costs only to stand two or three months, ana
hut one case to a family. as IL is a loss and is
only done to prove to the finest counOisseuT
the high character and richness of these choice
wines produced al Passaic. n. j. We have
me OF the circulars and list OF the wines
offered with all particulars. Every person
who sends postal card TO The Speer n. J..
Wine Co, Passac, N. j., may procure one
These wines are superb
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02

Preaching 10y the pastor morning and
evening Morning subject, The new
Heaven and the new Earth. Evening
subject, 1.-The Penitent Thief. All
are cordially invited to the church ser.
vices
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02

MORTGAGE SALE:-Deiault having been
M made ia the conditions Of certain mort
gage bearing date the first day OF February.
A D., one thousand eight hundred and ninety
three made and executed 10y David frHtCher
and Mary Ann fhis wlfel. OF the township OF
sumner county of GratiOt, and state of Mich
lPuu, 10 Trcphcna Norton, Of the same place
which said mortgage was recorded iu the
Office of the register OF deeds for the county
OF Gratiot ana state or Michigan. on the
second day OF February. A. ID. 1888, and re-
corded IN iibcr bS OF mortgages, on page 40,
said mortgage having been duly assigned on
the twenty -iir,t day of March. A. -. 1898, by
the said IfcDhcua Norton 20 Marian CHORD.
or Milton Falls, Vermont which assignment
was recorded ON the tweutA-s' cOnd day of
March. a ID. 1893, in the ulhcc Of the said
register OF deeds. ln liber 81 OF mortgages, on
page 1'3; sWd mortgage was Subsequently
duly assigned ou thc thItd day Of October. a.
u. l0'1 h4 said Htrlth OXFORD 10 Ircphena
Norton OF sumner Michigan, which assign
M WAS rccDrdtd Ou The second day Of Feb
rum 5, s. ~. 1891 lu The Office of said register
of deeds. lu lihCr rl OF mortgages ON page 943,
py wh. On default thc power of sale contained
in sald mortgage has become operative. ana
mo- proceedings al law or in equity having
been instituted 10 recover ~" dent secured by
said mortgage, or any part thereof, on which
mortRagc lhrre is ciaiWcdtO be due at the date
OF this notice hc Sum Oh six hundred and six
dollars tSOO0tO) prime pal snd interest. Now,
Mn relOrc. by virtue ol said power OF sale in
sand mortgage cOutained and Of me statute i'm
such cusc made and provided, notice is here 10y
given thHt ON saturday, the Isl day OF May
A ID 1891. at Two o clock In The afternoon Of
TINT day. an the north lront door OF the court
house, I'm the village or Ithaca county OF
G@ti0t, and state Of Michigan. that being the
building I'M which is held n. circuit court for
>ald county - Drutiot I shall sell at public
auction 10 the hbshcs bidder. the land and
premises described n said mortgage, or so
much thCrcOi ue may De- ucCts -ury 10 satisfy
said amount, together with the interest costs
of sale and an attorney Gee OF twenty-five dol
lurs Hs provided iu -Hid mortgage The prem
iscS dceclhcd ln said mortgage and hereby
noticed for sale are known and described ~
the north hail ,1lI of the north east quarter
- of see ion -i,in township II north OF range
-FOUR a. west except that portion occupied as
"a school mouse -lte Gratiot county, NJ ichigan.
Dated February !. 1891
Earl @. TORREY. TREPHENA MOTION
ATTY Tor Assignee. !Et-ijw Assignee.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1897-04-02

TREPHENA NORTON.
aaa-l5w Assignee.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1897-10-27

Ser 9ansnurit bes 8artituGa
rtsmus,O r. Stgl, Der ieBt aud benz
baprif9en 2anbtug angebDrt, iagte tir3li3
in bieiem in elmer Paute gegen Sc anOoer
beutf3er Sruppen: n9ieie 9roBen NSanO0er
ftnh bas biele @elb nt4t pertb. Der alte
81 apo1eon brau9te feline groBen Man6z
ner!" Sas mar nun re9t bumm pom SigL,
urb elm iunger bereOter acknowledgements Nbz
georbneter Namens gafeInann, 6ele6rte i'm:
Ser ate NapoIeon brau9te feline groBen
Mon0ber, neil er beinabe beitGnotg groBen
arieg fubrte." Maun bGtte benz @igl audi mod
bemerten fDnren, baB bieie grOBen beut>
19en Mun0ber, tpeG9e Der @elt Die uebsr>
legenbeit bes beutf9en 9eeres Dor @ugsn
fii6ren unb f4on barum CUR @rbaitung OeS
5rie6ens ~6eitragen, benin Oo9 unfdglt4 tpertz
ger @elb unb unenbli9 peniger Slut toIten
ais Napoleonif4e &riege.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1897-10-27

lebten anbertbaI6 Subren feds bebeutsnbe
@derbautolonien in Marblanb gu griinoen,
t9eils beutfhe, t6eils englii9e unb bolldnbiz
i4e. Ser 8eri9t bes 8altimoer @inpanz
berer@gureau riibmt bon benfelben: ruabe=
baute &eder finben uuf biefe Wetie .oi9
8ebauer, unO in 5abIrei4en Srten, in benen
bas 9sf9dft gum Stiqftan6 getOmmen mar,
6erri4t iebt reyes 2eben." Seoe SiG6e biez
ies 8eri9tes 1T, bie1ei4t Obne oaB ie es
min, elm pu@tiger StOB gegen bas eintpau<
oerungsfeinbli9e Standardization.