The age-herald., 1897-08-01

air through 1t and thus bringing parii=
 cles of oxygen in contact with every
 part of the metalloids or impurities lirst
 mentioned and so burning them Up. Ok ygen is performing the same inValuable
 serviee in the animal or min r2l world. | TroIa 70 10 100 times per minute we are
 bree. hing outfhe air which we haYs in- shalsd in pure condition, laden at is
 exit with carbonio acid, ths r-sult ot the contact of o4yelp ln our lungs with the
 partially carbonized blood met there.
 Tn the same way this beneAcent aSent
 Is purifying ev ry room in our house Nsh We open she windows for yentila-
 tioa. is purifying the streams firm the
 result of sewerage pollution which after
 travelling twelve or fit en miles along
 the shallow. brawlirg stream, bEb5iing
 oyer gravel and obsiructions and Bee3m- ing exposed to the air in spray will have
 lost all their hurtful contents. So in like manner lthe inj= =eton of oxygen into molten iron will remove every impnrity and. hultful el ment. It auts as Q great
 divorce court, pronouncing the dscrees
 Of instant separation between iron and
 
 ganese or phosphorus. The Bessemer
 invention enabled iron to be purified from it's metalol1s in quantities vary ing gawith the size of the converter from 10 tons or less up to thirty tons in period
 of 9 to 30 minutes. and this method became, and continued for years, the
 principal one,ss For the past three or
 four. Xeaggsss;- s;--fiDw1 -ffiDw,veT. the open hearth i process has been overtaking the Besse- l mer for two reasons:
 1st. The superior quality of it's pro- l duct. --.i
 l 2d The gradual disappearance in the difference of the cost of the two meth
 ods.-. The open hearth process consists in melting the iron in a large, shallow l furnace or dish, the size of which may l vary from five tons to 100 tons content. l The oxidation of the metalloids is ef- 1 fected in the open hearth process not | by blowing the oxygen through the mass l as in Bessemersi practice, but by introdu- 1 cing oxide of iron in the shape, of iron | ore. The metallic part of the iron ore | adds siitself 10 the molten iron in the l bath and the oxygen goes to work in its
 usual energetic way in capturing what | ever stray DOL, SlllCOu Oi PAOophOl uo it may find lying around loose and car l rying the same to lh+ surface by reason of the lower specific gravity which the 1 oxidized method possesses. It is this pro- cess that has been adopted by the Bir- mingham Rolling Mill company. with | such important results to the present and future business interests of this growing and important city
 "The iron manufactured at the other side of the railroad track at the Alice furnace is piled into the open hearth fur mace and melted there. A sufficient l alnount of oxide of iron is fed into the
 furnace to cut loose the impurities and a sufficient amount of free or loose lime is | also charged, the purpose of which is to 1 afford a safe house or retreat for those
 enemies when driven out of the
 iron. The prover'b recommends the build
 ing of a golden bridge for the fleeing
 enemy There is no fear of the carbon ], coming back when it is expelled from the
 iron. as it is turned iS.:o gas and passes -efs 1y combustion, but the silicon and
 phosphorus which are dislodged by the
 oxygen would just as easily in the ebulli- i tioh of the boiling metal recombire with l particles of iron but for the safe home
 which is afforded to them by the lime l fleating on top; the combinations of sili- 1 cate of lime and of phosphate of lime be- i ing sufficiently stable to resist the effects l of the boiling and bubbing In the fur nace And so the process goes on, until
 at the end of a sufficient period of time | the experienced eye of the melter, judg- l ing by the granula ton of a small sam
 pie of steel as drawn by a lad1e from the
 furnace. quenched in water and broken