davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
MOLOY CHANGES HIS PLEA.
State Had Not Sufficient Evidence TO
ConYfet of M NlanaIaughtar.

Cohw1ct Oh Nh am8lAu mteTs
Charles Moloy, who had a fight with
VIM. H. Jones, an old man who was a
familiar figure around, the Court House,
was to have been held this morning for
manslaughter. Moloy is also an old man,
and was sort of pensioner in lawyers
office across the way from the Court
House
The men frequently engaged in argu-
ments on questions of national and minor
Importance, and at times the arguments
became heated. On this occasion they
came to blows, and, it is alleged, Moloy
struck Jones on the head with a fire
shovel or poker. Jones was badly cut.
He was taken to the hospital where he
died. The Grand Jury indicted Moley
for manslaughter.
This morning ex-Judge Hoffman and
Lawyer Mervyn Armstrong told Pr0secu-
tor Winfield that Moloy was willing to
retract his plea of not guilty and plead
guilty of assault and battery. Mr.. VIM
field consented to accept the plea.
What is this case? ?' asked Judge Hrds-
peth, when Assistant Prosecutor Noonan
had pleaded for the defendant. '1 dom /
know anything about it,
Mr.. NoOnan explained that the State
had not sufficient evidence to commit the
defendant of manslaughter, and had.
therefore, consented to accept the plea of
assault and battery. Judge Hudspeth re-
fused to accept the plea for the present,
and will investigate the case. Subse-
quently the Court decided to accept the
Dlea
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
MR.. CRANE WILL RETIRE.
Once Prosperous HOboken UNDER
taker In Poor Healrh

The friends of B. M. Crane. a once pros
porous undertaken and prominent resi-
dent of Hoboken, are making arrange
ments to have him retire in the Odd Fell
lows Home, at Trenton. Mr.. Crane is
about fifty years old.
He was born in Caldwell, the birthplace
OF Grover Cleveland and was intimately
acquainted with Mr.. Cleveland's father
and mother. He went to Hoboken in 1852
to take charge of the undertaking busi-
ness of his brother, Maurice K. Crane.
In a few years he became owner of the
business. He served three terms as mem
Der of the Hoboken Council and two terms
as Coroner. For a number of years he was
the official Morgue keeper in the city. He
was at one time reputed to be worth
$50, 900.
His business, however, began to grow
dull during the past few years and two
months ago it was sold to pay his obli-
cations.
Mr.. Crane is in Ill health. He is now
stopping at Gonzales Hotel, where he IS
being cared for by the Odd Fellows, of
which he is a member. He will probably
be taken to the Odd Fellows Home to-
morrow.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
EVERYBODY INVITED.
Lecture on Equal Taxation by Mr.
w. D. Edwards on ThuradaY.

Mr.. w. D. Edwards, special counsel for
Jersey City in the Equal Taxation fight,
will address a public meeting, under the
auspices of Good Government Association
No. !, at their regular meeting, in Ar
canum Hall. Clinton and Jackson ave-
nues, Thursday, January 2S, at eight p.
M, on the subject of Equal Taxation .
All Good Government citizens and kind
red associations are cordially invited to
participate in arousing public sentiment
and to make this meeting one of interest
and of benefit to the city.
1t is conceded by every one that Jersey
City Heights is one of the finest residen-
tial portions of the county, and with the
improv ements made contemplated and a
more equal distribution of the taxes,
there is no reason why it should not be
so. With this object in view, the asso-
citation extends a cordial invitation for all
to be present. Mr.. Edwards is one of
the Nbest equipped men to talk on this
subject, as. he has studied it in all it's
bearings,
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
WEST FROZEN SOLID.

ST. LOUIS, Mo-, Jan. 26, 1S97.-A1l other
river traffic is blocked and reports from
a number of points north of here state
the river is frozen solid and teams are
crossing on the ice between Illinois and
Iowa.
Throughout Missouri and Kansas the
cold is intense and cold weather accom-
panied by high winds is reported.
On account of the frost, the condition
of the rivers and the deep snow it is
feared great loss of stock will result on
the cattle ranges in Kansas and down
through the Pan Handle country in the
territory.
The rivers in Northern Kansas are COW
cred with ice for the first time in twenty
years. Throughout Northern and North
western Texas blizzard of snow and
sleet has prevailed for forty-eight hours
and the ranges are covered to a depth of
from three to six inches. Already thou
sands of cattle are reported dead from
the cold
At Lexington Mo, yesterday Martha
Lacy, a colored woman, was found frozen
to death in her cabin. She was without
fuel or provisions.
Near Nauvo. ILL.,, Arnold Trehart, a
farmer, was found frozen to death on the
roadside last night.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
DoDGING oLNEY's DIoTUM.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 26, 1897 Under
the direction of a resolution of February
last the Senate Committee on the Ju-
dietary today reported upon the question
of whether or not concurrent resolutions
require the signature of the President
The report, which was drawn up by Sem
ator Hill. states that it depends not
upon the mere form of the resolutions,
but upon the fact whether they contain
matter which is properly to be regarded
as legislative in it's character and effect
If they do, they must be presented to the
President for his approval; otherwise
they need not be. In brief, the nature
or substance of the resolution and not
its form controls the question of its dis
poSitiOn.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
REDMOND TALKS OF TIE TREATY

BALTIMORE, Jan. 26, 1Ss7-John E.
Redmond, who represents Waterford
city, Ireland, in Parliament, was given a
the arbitration treaty, he said:-
ssIf were an Englishman l should re-
gard the treaty as one of the greatest
of English diplomatic achievements If
I were an American I should not be so
elated, for | do not see how. in view of
the tents of the Monroe Doctrine such a
treaty may be made to coincide with the
policy at present pursued by the United
States.
such treaty, but it is a question as to
the benefits to be derived by the United
States by the acceptance of the treaty''
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26

the crowds at distance prevented pos
sible accidents by contact with the wires.
Mr.. Wanamaker this afternoon, esti-
mated his loss, principally by water, at
100000. He carries his own insurance.
When 1t was feared that his establishment
would also be doomed 600 of the employees
We're organized into brigades, and under
Mr. Wanamaker's personal direction they
began preparing for the worst. The fire
was confined to the roef and tower, how
ever, because of the courageous work of
the firemen.' The lunch rooms in the es-
tablishment were thrown open to the fire.
men and the employees, and hot coffee was
served to the fire workers.
Mayor Warwick said this afternoon:--
This has been one of the most awful
yisitations of fire we have had in years.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
COMPLETED his CENTURY.

NEWPORT, R. l., Jan. 26. 1887. To-day
William F. Cooke, of Portsmouth, cele-
brated his Tooth birthday at his home.
He Is probably the oldest Mason in the
country. and Eureka Lodge, No. p, of
which he is a member, held meeting
this afternoon and waited on him in d
body to offer their congratulations. He
is still in excellent physical condition for
one of his years and does considerable
walking on the country roads, Five gem
erations Of his family were represented
Mr.. Cooke has chewed tobacco for eighty
two years. He Joined the Masonic order
in 1919 and is a member of the Methodist
Church. He has never been troubled with
severe illness.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
LONGsHOREMEN ORGANIZE.
McHugh,s Efforts in Hoboken Meet
with Success

The 'longshoremen of Hoboken held a
mass meeting at St. Mary's Hall last
night and perfected a permanent branch
of the 'Longshoremen's Union Edward
McHugh, the English labor agitator, who
has come to this country to organize dock
workers and seamen, made a lengthy
speech in which he told of the benefits
derived by the organization of trade
unions. He said that the only salvation
for the working men was to organize
and demand reasonable wage. He also
explained his scheme of consolidating the
dock workers unions in all the countries.
Forty-fve men enrolled as members of
the organization.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
IVoRY's HOME COMING.
Bp Cable to ths Unstsd Prsss.

! LONDON. JAM 26. 1Se7.-Edward j. Ivory
who was acquitted in the Old Bailey
Court last week of the charge of con-
spiracy to cause dynamite explosions, and
John +. Mcintyre, formerly Assistant
District Attorney cf New York. who
came to London to assist in his defence,
are booked to sail for New York ON
board the steamer Majestic, which de-
parts from Liverpool tomorrow. ivory
has written a letter to the United States
Embassy expressing his thanks for the
services rendered by the Embassy in his
behalf
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
OLD WOMAN AND HOUSE GONE.

NEWPORT, r. T., Jan. 2s 1897 Mrs.
Nathaniel Brown, 50 years old, was burn
ed this morning in the old Webb
homestead, on Warner street, where she
lived alone. The fire was discovered by
neighbor, who sent a boy to give an
alarm and broke into the house, but too
late to be of assistance. The charretl
body of Mrs. Brown was found in cor
ner near window. The house was prac-
tica1ly ruined. 1t was over 100 years old
and contained considerable antique furni-
in Newport this winter. One son of Mrs
Brown lives IN BridgeWater and another
in Boston.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
NIAGARA SOCIAL CLUBS DANCE

The Niagara Social Club made great
success out Of its second annual bail last
night at the Avenue House. The festi-
vities did not get under way until after
ten o'clock: but once started all went
along in such good shape that it was all
most daylight before the merrymaking
ended. J. ]. Whelan made a very cour-
teous floor manager, and was ably as
sisted by T. J. Brennan and e. S. Wat
son. The other gentlemen in charge
We're p ]. Mahoney, w. J. McKaig, p.
Hynes, II. r. Duncan, C. Gilbert, j. j.
McGrsth, ]. D. Mccarthy H. Kemph
J. ]. Driscoll, P. j. White, j. j. Mona
han, and T. j. Buckley.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
INSPECTING 0oNsULATEs.
Bv CabIe to tho Upttcd Pres.

ROME, Jan. 2s, iss7-Mr. Robert 8,
Chiiton, Chief OF the Consular Bureau of
the Department of State at Washington
who is on tour of inspection of the
United States Consular service, has finish
ed his inspection of the American CQn-
sulate here and has started for Naples
from which place he will depart for Egypt
on January 81.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
MATTERS OF FACT.

Stores, factories and institutions can now
get their supplies good as any N =. house
.an serve them. Complete stock low prices,
at D. E. Cieary & Co.'S wholesale grocery
stores. Montgomery and Greene streets.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
WEATHER INDICATIONS.

NEW YORK, Jan. 26. 1ss7.-Fer the
thirty-six hours ending at eight p. NJ.
Wednesday. For New York city and
vicinity:-Fair tonight and on Wednes<
day; colder; westerly winds.
H.rtuetts. Thermsmsser Reuerr.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1897-01-26
MRS. BARNBA RECOVERING.

Mrs. Chas c. Barnea of Commuilipaw
avenue and Wilton street, who attempt
ed suicide on Sunday morning, has en-
tirely recovered from the effects of the
gas. She and her husband have made
now regrets her rash attempts to end
any marital troubles foreyes
blood and cure Il at once by taking course
Of HOODS Sarsaparilla.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
KILLED IN A CELLAR ACCIDENT.

The facts with regard to a fatal accident wnlch
occurred on July at the house of the Sisters OF
Misercorde No. 531 East Eighty -sixth-st' came 10
light yesterday. The victims Of the accident were
two men, Dennis OLeary and Thomas Ciear!'
both Of Brooklyn. who were trying to roll NOES
head Of molasses down the cellar stairway John
A. Patterson. who employed the men. advised them
to use ropes as the hogshead was heavy but they
we're both possessed Of considerable strength ana
decided to do without the ropes They rolled the
hogshead to the top of the stairway and then g ot
under IL in order TO roll II down. AT the fourtn
step their strength gave out They were knocked
down and the barrel rolled over them, erussn.ns s
TO the Presbyterian Hospital. O'Leary never re-
gained consciousness. and died In rev hour..
Sleary is still alive but his recovery is regarded as
m
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
A THIEF CHASED IN FIFTH-AFE.
CAUGHT BY BICYCLE POLICEMAN AND THREAT
ENEp BY GANG OF woRKMEN.

CAUGHT BY BICYCLE POLICEMAN AND THREAT
ENED BY GANG OF wORKMEN.
Bicycle Policeman Casey was riding along Fifth
ave. above Central Park. at noon yesterday when
a man thrus; his head out Of a top-story window
Of the new building at No. 1887 Fifth-ave. and
shouted, stop thief!' The policeman looked up
and the man shouted TO him that a thief was try
ing TO escape from the house.
colored man speeding down the street Tor
a place Of safety and the policeman pedalled hard
after him. At Lenox-ave. and One-hundred-and-
eleyenth-st the man was caught by Casey. who
Jumped from his wheel and seized him by the
collar. The negro fought but Casey, with a DO"
on the side of the head, took all the fight out of
him and the negro picked himself up and walked
back with the policeman to the new house
They were met by a gang OF about forty pas
,e-ers who were working lat the house. and who
,1 mai the negro had stolen their clothes from
she 6rst story while they Were at work above him.
1t was found that the negro wore TWO su!ts VI
clothes. and when they saw that the ptasIere s,s
wanted 10 thrash him. The pollceman pieM n.s
whistle for help and drew his club In
they consented not to modest the negro. He was
taken TO the Harlem Police Court and held IN $'""
hal trial
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
BROADWAY POLICEMEN AGITATING.
THEY WANT DAY oFF-cHIEr coNLIN FOUND
UNsYMPATHETIC

The policemen who are detailed at the crossings
along Broadway are asitating for day OF ever!
twenty days Before the disbanding OF the broau,
way SQUAD each policeman attached 10 the squ"u
was allowed day of every twenty Gays WI"
On. .ousa was wjpcd out each policeman was as
,,rned to duty in the precinct in which the cross
nss were at which they were detailed and 1t was
~, N the discretion of the commanders Of the va
rIous precincts as to whether the men detailed a.
-. .r,..,rps should be allowed the day of every
tw ~ days Since then none OF the men have haa
their day and ovement has now peem star Ia IA
~ ave the rule bshed. Cher Conlin salu
YESTERDAY thst the privilege would propany new new
10 restored The men at the CROSSINGS aio,,5
p,S..aSwsv al shorter hours to work tnan an!
sther men attached to the force: The Br9adway
s.ne' nsS every night to themselves and did not
I'LL 40 II on sundays while other policemen had
:" worS NJ nirht and on Sundays as we'll
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
CLAD TO WELCOME DEATH.

Gustave Sternling. forty-hve years DID, was 1ouno
dead In bed at the clearinghouse NO 30 Bower!
Yesterday afternoon. apparently having taken pol
CON He WAS last seen alive on Sunday afternoon
when he registered at the lodging house. letter
bearing the date of last Saturday was found In
his room. 1t reads as follows: $500 - 49,
IL am most unhappy; After twenty years OF uh-
happy married life salute death with pleasing lea, E,or,
from a card In his pocket II seemed that Stern
ling a. one time kept a BARRIERS shop in Chicago
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20

~ building a pier the foot Of Bank street.
North River under contract No 600 viii be received By
the Department OF Docks Pier "a" Battery Place.
" r.. until II o'clock Friday July 10th 1897. For
particulars City Record.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
A PROPOSED SAFE COMBINATION.

ovERTUREs FAvoRABLY RECEIVED 81 'o"n vi
THE COMPANIES.
At the adjourned meeting Of the Herrins-Han-
Marvin Company, to be held August I. PROPOSE
ton will be submitted TO the stockholders 10 re-
organize The exact plans have not been formu-
ned as vet The purpose is to dissolve the voting
truss and this proposition will be submitted by the
majority Of the voting trust Itself
1t is Impossible as yet to learn exactly what Is
contemplated In the reorganization, Dut IL Is
known that oyertures have been made and favor.
ably received by the principal safe companies OF
the country either TO come In or TO form com
law Braungan, Of Boston. and the Moslers OF
Cincinnati are the controlling spirits at the
moment.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
4 RWY RUILDING. Whitehall Street, New

"A York City July II. 1s97Sealed proposals. in trp
cate will be received at This Office until IL o'clock noon
stating In this building two new boilers md FOR other
wnr, in Engine Room. Information and blanks .or bid
ding can be had here United States reserves the right
TO reject or accept any all bids Bids should be
KIMRAIJ. O. NJ. 6
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
A RMY RIIIDING, WHITEHALL STREET.

"A New York City. June oath. 1s97.-sealed proposals.
in trplicate will he received until IL o'clock
July Path 1897 and then opened for sale Of two com
be seen at Fort Monroe, Va. the other Governors
Island. n. y. Bids will be received for both.
Information be obtained from this office. L. S.
serves right reject all bids. Bids should be
endorsed Proposal Sale Of Launches addressed
A. KIMBAII. ID q. NJ. G..
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
ID ROPOSALS For FORAGE AND STRAW.

West Point. n. Y. July II. Isa7.-Sen.ed proposals.
in trp.icae Will be received here until ~ O'Clock
gust IL. 1897 and then opened. for furnishing such
Forage and Straw required during fiscal wear T. s
right reject all proposals. part
thereof. Information furnished upon application Envc
lopes containing proposals should be marked propofals
Forage and straw AMI addressed J. IL. EEILINGFR
Capt. a. q NJ
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
UOILAND-AMERICAN LIN

ITO VENEZUELA
i Steamers Of she RED ''D' LINE, under mail con-
tract with the United States Government appointed
N sail from Robert pier. Brooklyn
Er La Cuayra dor Caracns)S Puerto Cabeno Curacao
" and Maiacaibo. Via Curacao.
sc PHILADELPHIA Saturday. July "a. D. m
SIS CARACAS............ Thursday. August 5. y.
60 VENEZI' Ella Saturday. August H. y.
90 BOtLTON BLISS DALLETT
General Managers. No. 135 Front st.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
School Naencies.

~ 80
n supplies Professors Teachers. Tutors. GovernesseA
&C.. TO Colleges. Schools and Families. Apply to
Mrs NJ. J. YOCNG-FULTON. % Union Square.
MIRIAM COYRIERE'S Teachers Agency supplies pro-
M fessors tutors teachers governesses etc. In all deps
schools carefully recommended 40 5have cor 2othst
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
Proposals.

AQUEDUCT COMMISSIONERS OFFICE,
Room 200 Stewart Building. No 2s0 Broadway.
New York, July 17th 1897.
TO CONTRACTORS.
dds OR PROPOSALS for doing the work
- and furnishing materials called for in the
proved forms OF file in the Office Of the
Aaueduct Commissioners. for constructing retaining
masonry and masonry and doing other work pertain
Shaft No % OF the New Croton Aqueduc
the City Of New York VIII be received at this once until
WEDNESDAY. AUGUST 4. 1891 at 3 O'Clock y. NJ,
and they will be publicly opened by the Aqueduc Com
nssioners as possible and award
OF the contract doing said work and furnishing said
materials will be made BY said Commissioners soon
thereafter practicable.
Blank forms said approved contract and the speci
ocations thereof bids proposals and proper
veiopes enclosure form OF bonds and all other
inforaton be obtained at the above Office OF the
Auneduc1 Commissioners application the Secretary
Nv order Of the Aqueduct Commissioners
JAMES G. DUANE. President.
L. ALLEN Secretary.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-07-20
NOTICE.-The Department of Docks will sell

public auction. by Woodrow Lewis auctioneers
July 30. 1891 at r. NJ the premises paving blocks
flag stones etc. on Bank Bethune and W. 18th SITS. aad
18Th avenue. For particulars City Record.
The herald., 1897-10-10
TEXAS is THREATENED
WITH AN EPIDEMIC OF YELLOW
FEVER
Doctors Assurances Are Disbelieved
and Galveston People Are Hurry
ing From the City

GALVESTON, Tex, Oct. 9.-Dr. H. A.
West, member Of the Galveston board
of health, tonight made the following
announcement: "Dr. Guiteras has re-
ported to DR.. Wyman that there are
eight positive cases of yellow fever in
Galveston"
DR.. West agrees with DR.. Guiteras,
and says he has two well defined
cases of yellow fever under treatment
Despite the assurance Of DR.. Guiteras
THAT there Is no need for alarm or ex-
citement, or necessity of leaving the
city, a perfect hegira has set in, and
every regular train leaving the city to-
night is packed with people fleeing from
the disease, and special trains are in
demand.
Galveston expects to be bottled UP by
quarantines inside Of the next twenty
four hours, and everyone who is able to
get away is leaving.
Houston tonight quarantined against
Galveston.
Mobile.-Five new cases and three
deaths is the record for the twenty-four
hours ending at noon today.
New Orleans.-The fever situation is
practically unchanged. The record pre-
sented by the board Of health tonight
is 35 new cases and 6 deaths
Edwards-There was one death and
II new cases of yellow fever here today
The herald., 1897-10-10
WAS CRUELTY BEATEN
]. w. CASEBEER OF SANTA BAR
BARA FOUND ALMOST DEAD
His Skull Crushed In and Many Marks
of Violence on His Body

AT 2 o'clock this morning Samuel j.
Lewis, president of the California bank,
who lives at 1425 West Third, street, was
aroused from his slumbers by shouts for
help. Accompanied by his son he went
to the corner Of Third street and Lucas
avenue and there found an old man'lying
in the gutter appares1tly at the last gasp.
Within few feet of the old man lay the
IDENTITY been broken over his person.
The patrol wagon was summoned and
the old man taken to the receiving hos
pital. He was unable to speak but "a
badly fractured skull, a torn coat ag,d
other marks of violence We're evi6snces
that he had, been cruelty dealt with.
From papers on his person it appears
that his name is J. w. Casebeer. A pass
book on the National bank of Santa
Barbara, an address, 1886 Rockwood
street, 65 cents in change and a gold
watch and chain were found in his pock-
cts The watch was smashed to pieces
and the chain was dented, showing that
the assailant must have also struck the
old man heavily across the abdomen.
The object of the assault apparently was
not robbery.
Mr.. Casebeer has lately been inter-
ested in some litigation at Santa Bar
bara. On Wednesday last Judge Day
signed a verdict in the case of Kate
Sonoma Williams VS.. ]. w. Casebeer, in
favor of the plaintiff for $4,000 and costs
of suit. The daughter. Mrs. Williams,
sued her father for $4,000 damages for
false Imprisonment
The herald., 1897-10-10
Is It BenehcialP

One of the best evidences that the Free
Labor Bureau of this city is being appre-
ciated by employers of labor is the recent
remarkable increase in the business of
the office. The business has grown from
III furnished with employment in April
to SIS in September while 26S have been
sent out during the first seven week days
of this month. The aim of the manage
ment is to send reliable help, instead of
those whose only qualification is ability
to pay fee The bureau is deserving
and should receive the patronage of the
public.