davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07
don't FORGET OUR LUNCH DEPARTMENT sA 81 IEE

by knowing the interval between the sue
cessive wire screens and the time interval
of the falling bar it was possible to COM
pute the speed Of the bullet or shell.
MEASURING VELOCITY OF A BULLET.
But this was a crude affair. The new
Kraag-Jorgensen rifle adopted for the
velocity of about 1000 feet per second, and
the %high-power gun, which shoots a distance
of twelve or fifteen miles, develops a muZ-
zled velocity often of 5000 feet per second.
incidentally, it was q desirable thing to
know whether the velocity of a projectile
was greatest at the muZZle or some dis
lance therefrom, and the exact point of this
maximum. To effect such a measurement
required dealing with a unit of time so
minute as to bear about the same relation
to a second as a second does to the time re-
quired for walking, leisurely, a mile. EX-
traordinary as 1t may seem, a new instru-
ment has been devised at the United States
artillery school at Fortress Monroe In Vir-
ginia for measuring such volocities at in
tervals of FIVE feet for any desired distance.
1t is known as a polarizing photo-chrono-
graph, and compared with its mechanism its
name is simplicity itself. 1t would require
on the part of the reader a very clear
knowledge of physics and the principles of
the polarization of light for an understand
ing of any technical description of the APP
paratus.
Roughly, however, it may be said that a
series of screens are set up in the path OF
the projectile at the proving grounds and
that these form a circuit running back to
the chronograph in the laboratory. The
chronograph itself consists of a bewildering
combination of electric lights, prisms, coils,
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

slightest change in the position of the knife
edge causes a DETECTION of the mirrors.
For the rest there is an ordinary reading
telescope, to which is attached a finely
graduated scale, reading down to LOO, OO0th
of an inch. These readings cannot, of
course, be detected with the naked eye, but
only through a strong telescope. Now, when
the knife edges are lightly clamped against
the object to be tested. say a bar of steel,
and the latter be stretched or expanded, the
knife edge will change position, the mirror
will be detected, and as the latter is looked
at through the telescope from a distance
of five or ten feet, the graduated scale which
the mirror reflects seems to move up and
down. And by watching these movements
the stress on the bar is easily calculated.
1t goes almost without the telling that
an instrument so sensitive as this, and deal
ing with graduations of LOO ,O00th part of
an inch, will register the most minute
changes of temperature. The mere prox-
unity Of the body will, by the expansion due
to the heat radiated. therefrom, introduce
errors, and in fact the utmost precaution
must be taken in this regard to see that
tho temperature Of the room in which the
observations are to be made does not vary
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

, is communicated directly to the transmitter
placed between the p~olarizer and a~nalyzer
of the chronograph, with the result that
the rotation Of the plane of polarization is
momentarily but instantly stopped. From
this it further results that the beam of light
passing through the transmitter is inter-
rupted in its progress toward the amera
plate, and so its record on the plate is a
series Of broken circles.
Now if a tuning fork be likewise placed
in the path of the ray of light, SO that its
vibrations will make Il record upon the cam
era plate, it will be possible with a scale
closely to compare the two records. And
the rate of the vibration of the tuning fork
being known, the intervals Of time between
the breakage of the successive circuits by
the projectile can be quickly computed.
The distance between the screens being also
known, 1t is a mere matter Of calculation to
discover the rate of the projectile's flight.
Complicated as this instrument seems in
the description it is comparatively simple
in operation, and Of course instantaneous.
1t is manipulated with a pressure OF the
thumb on an electrical key. and its work
Is literally done in a flash.
OTHER INSTRUMENTS.
Il is In electrical work proper, however,
minuteness of measurement has been oh
tanned. At the electrical exposition, held in
New York a year ago, a meter was shown
which would measure a current OF so, 900
amperes. Lord Kelvin devised an instru-
ment, which. as now perfected, will register
a current Of one flfty-four milllonths of an
ampere; and such a current as Is formed
by dipping the tip of a brass pin and of
a steel needle, connected with the galva-
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

well enough in their way, but, after all.
they convey no very vivid idea of the micro
cosmic world into which they penetrate.
One or two further illustrations may help
to bring this out. By means Of defractiOn
gradings, that is, fine lines ruled upon glass
and it is possible to rule these as high
as 100, 600 lines to the nch-fractlonal wave
lengths so infnitesimal that $500, 000, 900 OF
them laid alongside of each other would
only make an inch can be detected. Sup
posing that it were possible to draw out
the little gold dollar of our currency into
a wire one-twenty-five hundred-millionth OF
an inch in diameter (one-two-and-a-half-bil-
lionths), that wire would be long enough
to stretch to the sun and back again 10, 900
times.
Reaching to such an extreme degree Of
tenuity ii would seem as II the cropping
physicist might be somewhere near the
fundamental mystery of the constitution OF
atoms and molecules; and yet that mystery
would be still locked in every infnitesimal
portion of this minute wire. A few months
ago a great German chemist made a COM
p~utation to the effect that a cubic centimeter
of air must contain not less than L. OO, O00,-
900, 600. 900, 900, 900 molecules. Then, by way
Of illustration Of this unthinkable number,
1t was further calculated that If an alright
vessel, containing about a quart Of air, were
perforated by an electric spark so as to
release 100, 900, 900 molecules per second Ohls
would be a vent-hole finer than could be made
with the finest steel needle), 1t would then
require 400, 900. 900 years for such a vessel
to be emptled into a perfect vacuum. This
would mean a period about four times as
long as life has been possible on this earth
(by the latest calculati0ns) to empty a
quart!
Thus. almost incredible as ave the powers
OF present day instruments, they are otill
far away from anything which can deal with
the unthinkably minute particles which wo
believe TO make up matter. And, while we
are about 1t, 1t will not be amiss to reflect
further that even with the infinite atom as
visible to us as the microbe or the lines OF
the dlatom, We might still find that these
atoms were to each other as stars and plan
cts floating In that mysterious ether whose
existence we suspect, but Of which we know
nothing at all. CARL SNYDER.
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

picturing it to ourselves. But the Darwin
pendulum will indicate a movement of
1-300th of a second, which is just about the
angular measurement of a penny at this dis
lance of 1000 miles.
Prof. Langley's bolometer measures the
temperature of the sun, though that orb is
20, 900, 900 miles away. A gaIvanometer has
been devised so sensitive that it will show
the electric current set up by the difference
in temperature between two contiguous
fingers of your hand, even If a very good
thermometer shows no difference of warmth
whatever. One per cent of arsenic in cop
per does not seem a great deal, but if there
be but three one-thousandths of one Fer cent
in a copper vessel it is unfit for use cleo
trically. m analysis In every day
use detects this difference and even very
small fractions of such difference. It Is not
at all an unusual thing to see a solution
marked AS containing 0,00001 of q gram, and
an ordinary aseay balance works down to
one one-hundreth Of Il milligrexn. a diamond
weighing a carat is not an extraordinary
affair, but this same balance will weigh
down to one one-thousandth of this.
REGISTERING EXPANSION OF METALS.
One of the most exqulsitely sensitive in
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07
WONDERS OF FINE MECHANISM
Remarkable Delicate Instrument for
Recording Measurements.
REGISTERING THE EXPANSION OF METALS
Results Almost IncrcdibIe Obtained
in Measurements and Weights
and Timing prOjcctiIcs
Fired from Guns.

Copyright, 1897, by S. S. Mcclure Company
Rcinements OF measurement have, within
recent years, reached such incredible limits
RS to tax the Imagination. not to speak of
the cr1aulity, of the layman who has not
kept himself in touch with the marvellous
progress that has been made in this d.
~rection. Prof. Vernon Boys, for example,
who has done some remarkable work in this
line. claims to be able, with the simplest
possible arrangement of a quartz fibre, tor
tional balance and mirror, to detect the at
tractiye force of the one twenty-thousand
nillionth of a grain. The figures are liter
ally so vast that they carry practically no
illumination whatever. The mind, tho ordi-
nary mind, at least, cannot have even a re-
mote perception Of a grain divided into
twenty million parts. Our natural senses
hardly suffice to detect the difference in
weight, by hand. between "A couple of
oranges weighing, say, respectively three
and five ounces.
Again, 1t is conceivable that a small num-
Der OF yirulent microbes lodged In the
human body will cause a mans death. And
yet, according TO a recent computation, a
cubic centinetre of water may contain not
millions. hut billions of these deadly para
sites. Recently the milk supply of Boston,
on examination. yielded as high as 1875, 900, 900
germs per ounce. 1T is astonishing to be
told that these calculations are made rap
idly, and that a computation reaching even
into the billions may consume only q minute
or so, This is done by means Of extremely
fine rulings or lines In the field of the mi
cr0scope vision, and the simple process of
counting the number OF microbes in one of
these squares and multiplying out this sum.
yields the desired knowledge.
Then, again, in making high power micro
scopes the lenses are, TO all intents and
purposes, fiat; that Is, no ordinary eye
could detect their curvature, which is often
no more than 1-l50. O00th OF an inch. In or
der 20 liquefy air, Prof. Dewar Of London de-
sired 10 attain the nearest approximation
10 a perfect vacuum. Air has a pressure OF
10 pounds to the square inch, aud this Is
called an atmosphere In technical language.
We do not feel this pressure ordinarily. but
Prof. Dewar succeeded in gaining a vacuum
OF 1-25, O00. 000th OF an atmosphere By filling
a vessel with mercurlal vapor and exposing
II to a very low temperature, A human be-
Ing would die in an atmosphere rariied two
thirds. but Prof. Dewar goes a little farther;
to be exact. to where his air is rarined to
1880 Zoo ,o00th OF its original density.
Next as regards angles, II would be quite
impossible TO detect with the eye a penny
at a distance OF loco feet. Supposlug II
were 1000 miles away. the angle formed by
Its diameter at this distance would be so
incredibly small that We have no means Of
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07
TIMING THE FLIGHT on pRoJEcTnEs AM ToRTREss MONROE.

analyzers, lenses, cameras, tuning forks and
electrical motors. The machine depends for
it's action upon the use OF polarized light.
A sensitive Photographic plate is made to
rotate at a known speed in a light-tight box
and light is admitted to the plate through
a narrow slit by means of u "massless"
shutter. The latter consists OF a pair OF
Nicol prisms, between which is a unique de-
vice for the rotation of the plane OF polar
ization. This rotation is accomplished cleo
tricaily. with the result that the light is
admitted and cut off without the movement
OF any material, or at least ponderable,
thing.
With this wonderful apparatus it Is pos
sible to project upon an exceedingly sensi-
tive camera plate a series OF impressions.
from which accurate measurements can be
made. These are little more than a series
of minute dots in a circle, caused by the
breakage Of the circuit. due to tho cutting
of the different wire screens in the path of
the projectile. The breakage of the circuit
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

nometer, into a drop OF salt water will
cause the needle TO swing clear across the
scale.
The radio-micrometer constructed by Prof.
Vernon Boys IL so delicate that 1t will de-
tect and register the rise of temperature
through one-millionth OF a degree. If the
reader does not understand this let him com
pute that this extraordinary device will
measure the radiant heat given by a candle
fame two miles away! And 1t is nothing
more than a loop OF wire suspended by a
delicate quartz fiber between the poles OF
a magnet, the circuit being closed by a
piece OF anthony and a piece of bismuth
sol1ered to a minute disc OF copper foil.
Similar instruments have been CON
structed to measure a microvolt $1,000 OF
a VOLT and the resistance of One-mlllionth
OF an ohm. A mile OF No. 10 copper wire
has a resistance Of about an ohm. and Mr.
Tesla has taken several million volts through
his body.
The figures and comparisons given are
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

while they are in progress. Moreover, nerv-
Gus or excitabie persons cannot use such
delicate micrometers at all, and even for
others considerable experience is necessary
before one can become expert In their use
and their delicate readings be OF practical
value.
This instrument is very much more ac-
curate than another remarkable micrometer
devised by Mr.. Henning for the same pur-
pose, known as the duplex measuring instru-
ment. In the latter device the expansion or
compression OF the piece to be tested was
made to affect the closure OF an electrical
circuit which rang a bell when the contact
was made. Manipulation of screws gave the
desired reading, which were down to l.
10, 000th part OF an inch. This was wonder
full enough in its way, but the new appa-
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

strumonts ever devised has just been set
up by Gus Henning, a mechanical engineer
Of New York, who has constructed some OF
the finest instruments of measurement IN
the world. This is known as the mirror
testing apparatus, and is designed TO test and
register the expansion or stretching Of metals
under heat or strain. Seen in the compact
little box In which il Is carried, one would
never dream that this marvellous affair is
capable OF accurately measuring the strain
caused by the football OF a pedestrian cross
ing Brooklyn bridge. And yet such is ito
power.
This instrument. which is seen in the IL
lustration, is exceedingly simple. Its chief
part consists OF a couple OF little mirrors
carried on spindles. which, In turn, are fas-
toned to a pair of knife edges, SO that the
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07
IMi'IETIES.

Chicago Tribune: Brooks-I see an Eng
llsh Judge has decided that when a man
makes a mistake and drops a gold piece in
stead of a shilling into a contribution box at
church 1t becomes an Offering 20 the Lord
and cannot be recovered.
Riyers--That may be good law, but | am
morally certain the Lord would be willing
to give back the change.
Someryille Journal: A minister who used
to preach in someryille had a little boy. A
few days before his father left the city to 30
to his new parish, one OF his neighbors said
TO the little boy:
$50 your father is going to work In Now
Bedford, is hep
The little hoy looked up wonderingly.
"oh. no" he said. "Only preach"
Cleveland Plain Dealer: The Young Parson
/ tell you | am discouraged, sir. ] don't
seem TO stir up a bit Of enthusiasm In my
parish. They listen to me In a sort OF per-
f~unctory way. but / know I'm making little
or no impression on them, What can ! do?
The Old PaTson-TheTo 10 just one thing
left for ycu, after you have tried everything
else.
"AHd that is?"
pitch into Jonah's wtalel'
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

which were so popular at our
first sale, all cut ready for
hemming, y size, worth $l.gS
dozen, go at 7l2c each..........
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

lust received this week, an
other case OF those
GERMAN DAMASK NAP
KlNS
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

One immense lot of CSC and 35e
DAMASK & HUCK TOWELS
These are what are known as
manufacturers seconds, HAYS,
ing slight imperfections caus-l
ed in the weaving, some have
small oil stains which are
caused by dripping oil in the.
machinery; these go on sale
at lac each; there r some
wonderful bargains in the lot.
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

At soc yard we place on sale
one case of 72-inch wide .
SILVER BLEACHED SCOTCH
and one case of silver bleach-
ed soft finish E
GERMAN DAMASK,
which is the regular T5c grade.
for Monday only at soc yard.
Omaha daily bee., 1897-03-07

MONDAY LINEN DAY
Never in The history of our business hns n bnrgain-giving sale been
so much pprecinted by the ladies' Of maha MS IN yer growing ID
u1nr "MONDAY IS LINE DAY" Over n over gain vas rcpcatcd IN
SWELL thsd ONT look Ike har times, rs NIL around our Linen Coun-
ters N nslcs were crowded happy m enge buyers for The biz in
Bargains last Monday. During thc weck. we hd TELEGRAPHIC MES
sAGEs from or special Liner uye in Ncw YorE III II &C had bought
som wonderful things or ext Mondays snIc. TIEY ARE NOW N,
m all his weck we hnv been opening cases amd bales OF new
Linen nrgains III will go o snct morrow Monday.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
:, our OF jan ArrrR rwo TsAhs.
late Th,nkn Executor nIsrau Capnst
Wake Wesfttutton.

.-SrAfN NuNHhH 1SAAgN
Wake Restitution.
..,ropnto Arnold has directed tho discharge
.,.hu J. Moran, WIN was put in ludlow Street
m n, July 81, 1898, Tor squanderinE a1o,167 Of
,.sIs.ooo estate OF John Miner, of which no was
Y.cn,or. Tho Surrogate finds that he annot
~, restitution and that ho cannot longer EN-
-. imprisonment. Moran is 81 years old and
.. r,,eran Of tho war. He lived at sos Derraw
80, brooklyn. His wife has two houses
Ns,rh no gave her, but sho has resisted all Of
W.. IN get her to surrender these houses TO
lots ,ect Tho dcfalcntions of her husband, and
~ .psuTrocate says that II. does not appear that
KS, XII houses were bought from funds OF the
esn'9 con DO established in actions. which are
tyu1ins 10 sct aside the transfers.
Psl,nce his imprisonment MOranhad made throo
CIV ennlications for his discharge. The repre-
o!n. stiyes Of the estate replied that IL was Inn
ssnnS~.ble that he had disposed of tho money and
Ri lSSt he has 1t laid away 90 - to enjoy It on his
release.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
Simmer Resorts.


GUNNER
For circulars ana Information about the following
hotels apply TO FRED II. sooFIELD, Metropolitan
building, Madison square.
The Homestead. Hot Springs, Va.
Hotel Childwold, Lake Massawepie, N. Y.
Hotel st. Charles, Atlantic City. Nj.
Paul Smiths Hotel, st, Regis LAKE, N, Y.
The New Mathewson, Narragansett Pier. r. L
Somerset Inn, Dernardsville, N J.
Glen Summit Hotel. Glen Summit, Pa.
Ocean House. Watch Hill. X, 1.
The Chatsaugay. ChntcaugnyD Lake, \. z.
Hawkhurst, Lltchfeid. Conn.
Coleman House, Asbury Park, N, J.
Lake Placid House, Lake Placid, N. 7.
The Algonquin. Shrannc Lake, N. Y.
The Grand, Mhckinac Island, Mich.
Hotel Sc. Charles, Hunter, N. Y.
Tho wentworth. New Castle, N, II.
Tho Rockingham. Portsmouth, N. II.
United States Hotel. Saratoga Springs, MI.
Ocean View Hotel, Block Island. r..
MiEEen.Top Hotel. pnwlinR. Y. Y.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
Situation Mautrd-alalss.


A IAN who Is industrious. trustw orthy. and can b
n relied upon desires n position rs nurBe or attend
sf: would not object to country or travelling; has
had year, Of experience and can furnish best Of ref
eencss; willing and obedient- Address b. 7. B.. box
lts Sun ONCE.
CTIyOGRAPHER AND TYPEWRITER.-Young man
y C25l; expert; very rapid; accurate; six years in
last position; can do as much work as two ordinary
men; can furnish typewriter; city or out OF town;
sTENoGRAPHER, box 1874 Sun ONCE.
STuArIoN wrnted at anything BY a boy. aged IS,
~ no parents. Address
WILLIAM RICE, 1880 st. Marks av.. Brooklyn
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
gpst aud fuaua.

T osT-spaniel pupi has scar on back: Finder will
IL be rewArdea. HOPE, 100 East ssth st.
ysOS REwARD "A large leather portmanteAu.
tag with number 1885," has been Improperly de-
hvsrsa y an sspasS. company PAM; sor Is, nin S 2, Sad
by y. K WALLET 1919 broadway. New York
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
2atents.

HET RICH QUICKLY. Send for 1900 InvsutionS
VI Wanted" EDGAR TATE & CO., 24o B'wAy. n. !.
DATENTs for Inventions procured promptly low
Il rates .RoEDER & BkIESES. 81 Nassau ST. u ~
established 1854.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
eurnished HOUSES to gst-- Country
auuses 90 gst-a. D.

ED BANK, NJ. J.-Furpished cottage, nine rooms,
~ near station, on Shrewsbury River: . shady place.
Address GEORGE J. Prick, box 374.
CHoRE FRONT FURNISHED COTTAGE to let on
- Manasquan River. n. j., mar Brielle Station: sew
ernl acres OF lawn; large shade trees; high ground; un.
broadway.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
Situations aBAuted-2enaIss.

TRfffSE6 YouSd fRfsH GfRE. lately landed,
"A would like 4 position az waitress or chambermaid
IN q private family. Address NJ, box fs7 Sun uptown
ones. 1905 Broadway.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
aseal estate for saIs-gmacetisat.

NOR SALE-A nne Connecticut farm or beautiful
l. country residence; delightfully situatcdi 10 min.
utes drive from city on Consolidated II. X, line; two
hours from New York city; healthy locality; good
pla.e for summer boarders; three large barns; ice
house; elegant l2.rooIn house; modern cOnyeniencesi
perfect plumbing and drainage; fruit. shade trees,
milk route. paying large inconle: is acres planted to
vegetables and small fruits; stock, tools, machinery.
&C; no mortgagei owner retiring; price %. 900. AID
dress OWNER. DoI ago, Derby. Conn.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
Dwelling Auuses 90 Get, agew asrssy

TN THE MOST BEAUTIFUL SECTION OF NORTH
Il ERIN NEW JERSEY. near depot. house Just com
pleted; twelve rooms; all inipIovemsntsi sewer.
street water, steam heat; worth 500; Will rent from
now to May, '0s. for $3.50 per month; 40 minutes on
express trains; don't miss this bargain.
OWNER ITO HAvehleySr building.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
aRfaI @ state f:or Sals--Stattu aslaud

dp1 M Let WATER FRoNT.-No interest; o
DlUO miles from city Hall; " surf bathing, I" boat
Ing, and fishing; substantial sidewalk; free tickets.
ID. &. RoOME. 20 East 18th 81.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
Cnuutrg Aoard.

A NICELY A F~ARNnOUSEi high elevatioat
n large. shady lawn; good table; excellent wateIt
daily rail; Tne views and drives; plenty OF fruitt
free transportation; city references terms % per
week for adults; clilirrn according 10 age. Address
PINE GROVE FARM. Pleasant Plains, Duchess
county, \ Y.
ENRSrCIAsS BOARD in rcnned. private family for
Il = asUni elegant country seat, beautiful RroundSt
grant scenery; bracinR mountain air; high, dry. and
healthy; spring water; home cumfortsi one hour
out; near trolley line, good boating, hSnlng and roadsI
no children; terms 50 and $40. Address 7. o. box ~,
Haledon, Passalc county, y. j.
LAMILY having camp at Pleasure BAY would take
II few hoErdcrs, Tents, cots. excellent homo table.
Sailing, rowing. bathing, hne cycling roads. Address
Mrs. EMMONs, 10 West 22d st., city.
XIASTED-Quiet place In the country with nice
w surroundings by lady with l0'months old baby
for o weeks or 20; no attendance I"Iuired. and VIII
take care Of own room, Address. giving fun partlcu-
lars and price, AGREEABLE. box l26 sun onlce.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
aaaAl WstAte Ear 4ale.


CPECIAL.-Examine new house. lot o0x80o. at NIL
COOK sos Broadway.
O7E ACRES mile lake front, boating. fishing,
~ y mile Harlem roads eb.000i cash o 1000.
COOK, eos broadway.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-04
HATHAWAY lMM.
Pc N

NAOSI PINES HOUSE. Naomi Pines. Pa. Noa-
~ roe Co. Pocono MI; lake 3 miles; 100 acres Of
pines; spring water; steam heat. gas and br-ha.
Send for booklet. 7. c. MILLKR.