The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1897-11-12
NEED OF DIVERSITY
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT is
TRYING TO IMPRESS IT ON
FARMERS.
GOOD MARKETS ABROAD
GET A FAVORABLE RaCEP-
TION IN ENGLAND.
OLIVE CULTURE IN THE SOUTH
Failure of Apple Crop in the North
Bonanza for Virginia
Farmers.
Special to the Globe.

Special to the Globe.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 1.-THE fail
ure of the apple crop in the North this
year in combination with the exceed
ingly good crops in Piedmont, Virginia,
and South Carolina, has aroused great
interest in apple growing in that sec
ton Of the South" says Mr.. w. A.
Taylor, the assistant pOmologist of the
department of agriculture. Il have
just returned from a trip to that re-
gion, where I attended the meetings
of the Virginia State Horticultural as
ISOLATION. which was held in connec-
ton with the recent Lynchburg fair.
THE prices the apple growers are
receiving are phenomenal. They are
getting from 81 per barrel for apples
like Winesap, New York Imperial,
and Ben Davis, up to So and Sc bar
rel for Yellow Newton pippins, which
grow in that section under the name
of Albemarle pippins. One man whom
l saw last week, Mr.. w. II. BOaz, of
Colesville, Va. has sold his crop from
LOO trees of pippins for $4,000, and
offers of from $4,000 to $4,000 for their
crops. There seems to be a disposition,
however, among the growers of pippins
to hold their crops in anticipation Of
still higher prices.
"They freight their pippins almost
entirely to England, and at the sta
tions along the railroad from Char
Iottesville to Lynchburg, the bales are
piled up with the mark american
Produce" which signifies that the
fruit is for export, as that mark Is
one of the requirements for entry in
British ports.
"The orchards of that region are
quite different from the orchards of
the North and West. They are large
ly in mountain cOves and on hillsides
the land being quite stony and rough
Pippins are almost entirely grown in
cove lands that have a southern ex-
winds by hills and low mountain
ranges.
"Other fruits are grown to some ex-
tent in the same region, peaches in a
small way, plums and g. few pears
but the principal fruit industry of the
region is the growing Of winter APP
pies. The collection of varieties of APP
pies which took premiums at the
Lynchburg fair, has been forwarded
to the Madison Square garden, New
York city, for exhibition at the Amer
lean institute fair.
THE Albemarle pippin was original
ly known as the Newton pippin, but
since it has been grown SO extensively
in Virginia, especially in Albemarle
county, it has become commonly
known as the Albemarle pippin. This
apple was originally grown on the old
Pelham farm On the Hudson river and
has since become famous as an export
apple. Being so firm, it endures trans
portation and handling much better
than any other fruit of it's kind.
THE division of pomology, Of the
department of agriculture, has in pre-
paration a revised catalogue of the
American Pathological society, which
will be published as bulletin of the
department. This bulletin will contain
a map showing the different fruit dis
tricts of the United States and Canada.
THE department having adopted this
catalogue, or revised list Of fruits, as
authority in the proper nomenclature, II
is desirable that this system should be
thoroughly used in the country in or
der to avoid the confusion arising from
one fruit having several peculiar
names in different sections Of the cOun-
try 1t is hoped that the nurserymer
will observe the rules of nomenclature
in publishing their catalogues, which
will assist very much in harmOniZine
the names of fruits.
The proof sheets have been received
of an agricultural paper read by DR.
L. O. Howard, the entomOlogist of the
department of agriculture. before the
Association of American Economic En-
tcmologists, entitled Temperature eX
periments as affecting received IDEAS o.
the Information of injurious insects
1t is a well-known fact among agri-
culturalists and hOrticulturaIists, thai
winter wea ther of a set degree of sever
ity is more favorable to plant growth
than an open winter with freezes anC
thaws The question now comes to al
of US from farmers and others, whether
a winter, which has been unusually
severe will not have resulted in the
destruction of injurious insects to sucl
all extent as to promise compare tive
immunity the coming season. We have
been obliged, or at least / have beer
obliged to answer such questions thco-
retically. There have been. so far as
we are aware, no experiments alona
this line I therefore give the result
of recent experiments by DR.. Albert
NJ Read, the Washington manager OF
the cold storage department Of tho
American Security and Trust company
the same gentleman who directed the
experiments on the effects Of colo
storage upon household insects.
DIR. Read has found. in the course Of
his experiments which have now ex-
tended over two years that syste-
matte temperature in the neighborhood
of IS degrees F. will not destroy the
larvae of Thieola Biselliella Carpet
MOTH, or the Attagenus picus (black
carpet beetle), but. an alienation OF
the low temperature with a compare
lively high one, invariably results in
the death of the larvae of these in
sects. For example, the larvae, which
had been kept at a temperature of Is
degrees, We're removed to a tempera-
ture Of from 40 to so degrees. They
became slightly active, and when re
turned to the lower temperature and
kept there for q little time did not re-
vive upon their restoration to a warm
temperature.
The department of agriculture IS very
much interested, at the present time,
in the introduction of American butter
into the markets of Great Britain. with
a view to competing with the French
and Danish for the British custom.
To further this project the depart
ment has shipped eight 1,O1O-pound lots.
at intervals of two weeks during the
past summer. The butter that has thus
far been sent, was made in creameries
in Iowa. Minnesota, Kansas, Wisconsin.
Ohio, South Dakota, Connecticut, Mas
sachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont,
and New York.
The result thus far ascertained seem
to show that the Western shippers are
to get most of the benefit from the ex-
port trade because they do not have a
very satisfactory home market. and