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The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-05-04

ITO BIC CoNTINUED ON SIXTH PAGE
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-05-04

Lie will be taken in exchange for leather st
market value for each. 7. IVEY, S. B. A.
HillsbOro. NO,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-05-04
w. II. B. R. S. TUCKER b co.
GOODS
BUYING
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hen you come to Raleigh, come and see us-see our bargains-our styles
einess methOds-our low prices. You will be both pleased and profted.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
aORTICULTURE1
GROWING FALL TURNIPs.

Where the land is fresh and free
from the seeds of foul weeds, fall tur~
nip seed may be sown broadcast from
the first of July until the middle OF
August, depending on the season, and
covered with q light smoothing or
brush harrow. Prepare the land very
carefully and pulverizs and compact
the seedbed thoroughly. New ground
the second year from sod gives best re-
suits: The soil is then rich in plant
food and in good tilth. A piece Of sod
ground broken during the summer and
seeded to wheat in the fall makes an
excellent turnip field the following
season, after the wheat has been har-
vested. Ordinarily such land will not
produce a sufficient number of weeds
to interfere with the full development
of the turnips. Four or five pounds of
seed to the acre will give about the
right stand.
In sections of the country where new
land is not available, truck patches
from which early vegetables have been
removed will answer admirably. Often
wheat land is plowed as soon as the
grain has been removed and seeded to
turnips. The ground must be rich, for
turnips are gross feeders, but soil con
tanning an excess of vegetable matter
will cause an excessive growth of tops,
to the detriment of root development
A cool, moist climate is very favorable
TO the growth of turnips, and for this
reason the seed should be put in late if
the season is dry, then most of the
growth will take place in fall.
While broadcassing answers very
well on new lardy the best results are
obtained only when sown in rows and
cultivated. Have the rows about two
feet apart and the plants anywhere
from six to twelve inches apart in the
row. Give level culture, keep the land
free from weeds and stir the surface
often.
Turnips are q valuable winter feed
for sheep and cattle, particularly the
former. When fed to milk COWS, give
just after milking. Otherwise the milk
! z4ay be given an unpleasant odor and
the butter an undesirable faint. They
must not be fed in excess to any stock
but when other succulent feeds cannot
be fed, turnips are invaluable.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06

beds are continued more than one year.
Old beds produce berries a little
earlier and second year is often better
than the first, when treated in this
manner.
The bearing canes Of raspberries and
blackberries should be removed imme-
diately after fruiting. Out out all
small weak canes, leaving only five or
six in the hill.
The removal Of old canes leaves no
hiding place for worm or bug, or eggs
for same. It also allows the free Cir
culation OF air and the sun penetrates
the center Of the bush, making canes
strong and vigorous, with a good de,
velopment of fruit buds for the follow
ing season.
The removal and burning of dead,
weak and surplus growth is the best
preventive against disease.
In berry growing, remember that
good work for two or three seasons is
necessary.
First, the most important, to grow,
develop and mature strong, healthy
canes and buds for the next seasons
fruit.
Second, to mature the fcuit, which
depends very much on the care and
growth of the previous year.
Favorable seasons for fruit are OF lit
tie avail il the preparatory work has
been neglected.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
THOSE TOMATO PLANTS

It is common thing to see in many
farm houses at this season of the year
box or two of tomato plants setting
in some sunny place, says B. A. Wood
in a contemporary. This fact Of itself
is nothing remarkable and is commend
able in every one who has such a
flower pot" but there are other facts
connected with this one about which I
wish TO comment.
There are but few who so plant seeds
who ever think of transplanting the
plants more than once, and that once
is from the box directly to the garden.
Many are not aware that frequent
transpIantings make earlier fruit as
well as stockier and healthier plants
Seeds are apt to be sown too thick in
boxes, ard, if good, the plants will be
too close together. If these are not
transplanted so as to allow more space
for each plant, they will grow up e: ckly
slender.
My plan has been to transplant to
larger boxes as soon as the third leaf ls
well formed. I set the plants nearly
to the seed leaf that the stems may be
short and stocky. When they are
about three inches high I again tranE-
plant into berry boxes, planting four
in a box, one in each quarter; when the
weather and soil are suitable finally
remove to the garden.
In setting out break the boxes apart
and with sharp knife cut the earth
into four equal parts, 80 that plant
will be in each piece. This leaves the
roots OF each plant undisturbed, and
they will continue growth unchecked.
As the tomato plant is gross feeder,
plenty Of well rotted manure should be
placed below each hill. The plant
should not be set directly in the ma
nure, but there should be six or eight
inches Of earth between.
There are several ways Of training
the vines Any way is good enough,
only 80 that the fruit is off the ground
and has plenty Of sunlight.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
RURAL SANITATION.

OF all teachers, Nature is the mcst
severe, inasmuch as she never forgets
an infraction of her laws. nor fails to
visit her penalties upon the unlearned
and guilty alike, says The Dietetic and
Hygienic Gazette. She does not recog-
nize ignorance, but causes all who fail
to observe her laws to suffer.
An erroneous impression has obtained
that the rural districts are removed
from the influence of unsanitary con
ditions. This is far from the fact, for
farmers are constantly breaking the
laws Of nature with impunity and
without restriction. Devotees to the
cause of the public health service con,
fine their best energies to the crowded
cities, and, lacking thoroughness allow
the country to go by default. DR.. A.
o. Simpson, who lives in a Pennsyl-
vanian village and has an excellent
point Of observation, writes TO the
Medical and Surgical Reporter that
physicians should contribute a portion
tion of the healthfulness of the COM
munity in which they reside. In their
travels among patients, the doctor
very logically argues, they often see
many existing evils that could be easily
corrected were the attention of the
public specifically directed to them.
In most farming communities there
seems to prevail careless indifference
to anything that might tend to better.
ing their sanitary surroundings and a
stubborn determination to ignore the
ways and means of important sanitary
reforms. On some farms we find not
only the stables and outhouses built in
close proximity to the family dwelling,
but overrunning with all manner of
filthy accumulations. If a calf, sheep
or any other animal happens to die
from accident or disease, the owner of
such stock, after some hours delibera
tion, takes his stone boat, bitches his
horse or oxen to it, and, after transfer
ring the carcass of the dead animal to
said vehicle, drags it to convenient
distance from the house and there
dumps it upon the ground. Here it is
allowed to remain openly exposed to
the air until it is converted into adipo
cere or until the crows constitute them,
selves scavengers pro tenn. and devour
it. How much better would it have
been if the farmer had heaped q pile OF
straw and fagots ON the dead animal,
applied torch, and cremated it. But,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
MORE APPLES.

Were every family to put in practice
the following sensible advice Of Prof.
Faraday, a marked gain in the health
of it's members would be the result:
Let every family in autumn lay in
from two to ten or more barrels, and
it will be them the most economical in.
vestment in the whole range of Gull
nary supplies. A raw, mellow apple
is digested in an hour and a half, while
boiled cabbage requires five hours.
The most healthful desert that can be
placed on the table is baked apple. If
taken freely at breakfast, with coarse
bread, and without meat or flesh of
any kind, it has an admirable effect on
the general system, often removing
constipation, correcting acidities, and
cooling off febrile conditions more
effectuelly than the most approved
medicines. If families could be induced
to substitute the apple-sound, ripe
and luscious-for the pies, cakes can
dies and other sweetmeats, with which
children are too often stuffed, there
would be diminution of doctors bills
sufficient in single year to ley up a
stock of this delicious fruit for a sea
sons use.-Ex.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06

mol that would have been too much
trouble It was so much better TO allow
the foul sffiuvia from it to contaminate
the atmosphere for miles around. Sani-
tary laws should be enacted making it
compulsory to cremate all refuse ami
NAL matter.
Allowing decaying vegetables to re-
main ad iDfinitum in dark and damp
cellars is another source from which
many diseases may generate. The inn
mediate removal of such matters and
a general sprinkling of chloride of lime
over the cellar floor would quickly
remedy the difficulty and remove the
cause of threatened infection. AS an
additional support to my theory of dis
infection, I would suggest the liberal
sprinkling of chloride of lime in priVy
vaults, on stable floors, and over the
cellar bottoms once month during the
summer season and twice or three times
through the winter season.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
HOW PLANTS GIT WATER.

The fact that in wet weather the
soil dries slowly even when covered
with plants that ordinarily drain the
soil rapidly, leads some to think that
when wet the leaves absorb moisture
on them. But the fact can be equally
well accounted for by the knowledge
that water on the leaves prevents them
from evaporating the moisture brought
from the soil by roots. This soil con
tains some mineral elements which
unite with carbonic acid gas from the
air in forming plant tissue. While the
leaves are wet they cannot absorb car
bonic acid gas. This with the effect
of stopping evaporation, makes the
sappy growth which many, jumping
too quickly at conclusions, think must
be caused by the direct absorption of
water through the leaves.-American
Cultivator.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
BERRY CULTURE.

Mr. MA. Thayer, Sparta, Wis ,
sends US the following hints for July:
Will it pay to continue strawberry
beds more than one years That de-
pends much on the condition OF the
beds at the close of the fruiting season.
If the ground is rich, the rows well
filled out, the crop light, and nearly
free from grass and weeds, it will then
usually pay to continue one, two or
more years. If, however, plants are
exhausted by large yield, and grass
and weeds have been allowed to grow,
it will be more work to place old beds
In condition than to prepare new ones.
If to be discontinued, plOw at once
and SOW some late crop for feed or fer
tility.
To renew old beds, NOW off plants.
As soon as dry, burn over, reduce rows
to six or eight inches in width with
spade or cultivatoH. Remove all weeds,
every particle Of grass, apply liberal
dressing of fine manure, cultivate and
keep clean, same as with new beds.
Right here is one Of the benefits OF
keeping new beds perfectly clean. 1t
saves q large amount Of labor when
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06

LIvE STOCK ITEMS.

The early lamb catches the biggest
price.
Poor pasture will not make good
mutton.
1t is the worst kind of policy to breed
from weak ewes.
Wherever the mutton sheep is grown
TO perfection, the feed is the very vest.
One man says that sheep always pay
and we are not sure but that he is right.
Wool to be good must have no weak
spots in it, but will have if the sheep
is not kept in good condition all the
time.
Don't stunt the calves. See that they
are well cared for. If you don't expect to
attend to them, better kill them at
once.
A poor COW should not be very highly
valued as an ornament to the farm.
When she ceases to pay her way, bet
ter dispose of her.
The dog is entitled to protection, il
he attends to his own business. But
when he goes sheep hunting, his
''hour" should come.
People are becoming more and more
shy OF buyin poor mutton, and, there
fore, farmers are paying more and
more heed to the raising and feeding
Of good sheep.
It is most foolish and absurd prac-
tice to stint an animal in food and
water. There is no time from the birth
of COW until she is diF9bsed of that
starvation will pay.
It is said that exclusive corn feeding
is the cause of more losses of hogs than
any other thing. It is because corn is
one Of the hardest grains to digest, un-
less ground and cooked.
Salt is one of the greatest aids to di-
gestion. 1t should always be kept in
reach of all the stock on the farm. Hogs
and horses, as we'll as COWS, must have
it, if you intend to secure the greatest
profit from them.
~
It matters not, says an exchange,
whether the farmer is breeding for
beef or butter, he cannot afford to
ignore the principle which runs through
all breeding operations-that like be-
gets like. One may soon build up a
herd of great merit merely through
selection of good COWS bred to the best
bulls, or may stay at the tail of the
procession.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
VALUE OF SHELTER FOR STOCK.

Prof. Georgeson, of the Kansas Agri-
cultural College, thus sums up results
of three experiments:
GAS regards the value Of shelter dur
ing winter for fattening steers we have
made three experiments, comprising in
all thirty head, of which fifteen were
sheltered and fifteen fed in the open
yard. They were fed alike in all re-
spects. It should be stated that in the
first experiment the indoor steers fret
ted much under the confinement for
sometime, until they became accus-
toned to it. In the second case the ex.
pertinent did not begin till the steers
had become quiet, and in the third case
they did not offer objections to the con-
fnement, having been reared in that
manner.
''The figures show that the steers
which were y1sccaaG9 leltered ate more
than the steers sheltered in the barn,
| but that the gain was practically the
same; that the cost per pound Of gain
was greater for the outdoor steers, and
that in the final settlement OF accounts
the sheltered steers brought profit of
Sc. "a per head, while the steers not
sheltered caused loss of IS cents per
head, making an actual difference of
81 19 in favor Of shelter. But this
takes account OF the production of
of beef from the feed consumed. There
are other factors which should be con-
sidered before we pronounce in favor
Of sheltering as a practical measure.
These are the cost Of providing ade-
quate shelter, the largely increased
amount Of labor in caring for steers
tied up in the barn, and the important
feature to the Western farmer, who
feeds mostly whole corn, that hogs can
not follow barn-fed steers as they can
those fed outdoors. When these things
are considered, shelter is of question
able value for the Western feeder. On
the other hand, to Eastern farmers
who would probably feed balanced
ration Of ground feed, and who would
value the manure more than the cost
of cleaning the stable and handling the
feed, barn feeding would doubtless
commend itself as the more profitable
method"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
THE VALUE OF A GOOD SPRING

A spring of good water on any farm
adds at least q hundred dollars to it's
value, and if near city it is worth
much more. Often such springs can
be found in hillsides by digging six or
eight feet, especially if the soil shows
springyplaces during winter and spring.
II the spring is higher than the house,
it can be conducted into the kitchen by
force Of gravity, and the water can be
turned off or on as the housewife may
desire. There are doubtless hundreds,
and possibly thousands, of farms in
New England where the best pure
water can be conducted into the house
at slight expense. IL the water has to
be lifted hydraulic ram will force the
water up hill. This costs somewhat
more, but it will generally pay
American Cultivator.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
AGRICULTURE.

Don't disgust the young boys with
farm work by giving them the poorest
tools to work with.
During dry weather frequent tillage
serves two good purposes: it saves
moisture and kills weeds.
The farmer who combines. the i'm
proved stock scientific feeding gets the
best results, and meets the worlds
competition on a paying basis.
This is a good month to plant late
cucumbers for pickles, set out late
celery plants for winter use, and to
plant sweet corn for use in the early
fall.
Nothing adds more to render a home
IN the country attractive than a neatly
kept lawn; it also adds greatly to the
value of the premises. 1t pays in sew
eral ways.
An exchange gives this good advice:
Put out some roots for the stock the
coming winter, and do it in time. They
Will furnish relish which pays as food
better than even the corn or the hay.
Manures left in heaps in the yard to
rot down, will lose by actual test from
~ to 60 per cent. of their value. The
tertlI zing elements in manure must be
IN liquid form before the plant can
Use them.
The farmer should avoid all fretting
andIWorrying when a rain comes pour
ing down day after day at planting
"me Worrying wears a man out
taster than work and does no good
whatever.
Farmers should learn that roots are
not trip hammers striking at the almost
stone like subsoil. Keep it stirred up.
Inc best time, however, is before plant
ing, as deep cultivation now is likely
% Kill the plants.
Don't leave unoccupied ground in
SGe garden. With the long seasons
worth Carolina farmers enjoy, they
"ay readily find another crop to plant
:. - substitute for one that has out
HVed its usefulness.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
GROWING BLACKBRRRIRs.

In a soil reclaimed for timber and
effOrding sufficient moisture, viz not
subject to drought, blackberries will
do well. Most people plant them too
close in the beginning and they do not
grow. Rows six feet apart are none
too wide. II the ground cannot be
spared one may for a year or two cul
tivate corn, or better, potatoes or bush
beans between the rows. The greatest
drawback is the red rust, which should
on no account be permitted to get a
foothold. These red tinged plants grow
very rapidly, but are easily pulled up.
Every bit of rust must be burned as
soon as seen. OF course, very dry
weather just before or in fruiting will
be disastrous When the plants are
well up cultivation should be by horse
or hand hoe. AS soon as possible after
the plants are well started a good
mulch of wet straw should be applied.
This, when done properly, need not
hinder the growth of potatoes for a
year or two. Subsequently the bushes
will have to be cut back severely to
admit of horse cultivation. The Viii
son, the Early Harvest, Ancient Briton,
Eldorado, Taylor, Lucretia, Dewberry,
are some new varieties. Some nurser
les make speciality of berries.-O. W.
M, in ST. Louis Republic.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
Cultivator.

In the same Journal we fndIthe follow
ing from ]. w. Smith, of Kentucky: To
preventcrows injuring my young corn,
1 sprinkle shelled corn on top Of the
ground on the plowed fields. The crows
are looking for worms and will not
pull up corn if they can get enough to
eat without doing so. have followed
this plan for years and my corn has
never been disturbed. have had no
cutworms when my neighbors have
been compelled to replant entire fields.
A man who kills a crow should be
fined. Save the birds and they will
save the farmers crops.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
CHARCOAL ITEMS.

The value of charcoal for poultry
cannot be too widely known. Both
fowls and chicks are fond of it. Judge
G. O. Brown says there is not sufficient
attention given to the Importance OF
having the charcoal fresh when it is
used for poultry. Charcoal has won
derfdl absoT bent powers, especially for
gases. Oaly small quantity should
be put into the feed hoppers at time,
on account Of its absorptive nature.
Before placing it where the poultry
can get it it is best to heat it we'll,
which will have q tendency both to
drive c IF impurities which may have be
come absorbed and to refreshen end
make it Of that crispy or crt ckling ma.
ture characteristic of fresh burned
charcoal. Keep the charcoal in some
vessel that is thoroughly dry aid has
tight fitting cover to exclude the air.
AS a corrective of iDjudicious over
feeding, as a remedy in bowel troubles.
and as a preventive Of indigestion,
charcoal has no equal. Feed every
other day, making it about the size of
corn for fowls, and the size of wheat
for chicks.
Charred corn on cob is an excellent
way for giving charcoal. Place few
ears Of corn in the over, end keep them
there until they are burned black to
the cob. Corn charcoal can thus be
made as wanted. The older and dryer
the corn the easier it will be to make
charcoal and the better it will be.
The best way to feed is to give just
what the fowls will eat up clean. In
that way'it is little exposed to the air.
Charcoal is invaluable as dentrifice.
It whitens the teeth and removes any
unpleasant taste of disordered stom-
ach. A few drops of tincture of myrrh
in a glass of water is an excellent
mouth wash, while listerine as an all
around purifier and antiseptic for the
mouth is unexcelled Knight Watch
man.
Although charcoal has no fertilizing
properties in itself, it is an excellent
thing to apply to gardens, to manure
heaps, and, indeed to all rich ground.
It is indestructible, though its ightness
causes it to be easily washed from the
soil, when it will be broken into very
fine particles, and deposited in the
black mud Of bitches and ponds. This
is very rich, because the charcoal is
an excellent absorbent of ammonia
from the air, which it readily gives to
the roots of plants. Hence though the
charcoal be not itself fertile it is an ex-
cellent gatherer Of fertility. In fresh
charcoal there is slight trace of sui
phur, which makes it repellant to in
sects. A mixture of sulphur and char
coal is the best means of repelling
cucumber and squash bugs when it has
been busted on the vines.-American
NuIbiVaEOP
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06

Bones will accumulate about the
farm and every one should be saved
II they cannot be applied to quick
growing crops, they can be very read
lily got into shape for use as fertilizer
for the fruit trees and grape vines.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06

The pigs should be taught to eat be
early as possible, and should be pro
vided with an apartment into which
the SOW can enter. They will begin to
eat regularly at four weeks old, and
can then be weaned without any loss.
Bran is the best food for developing
bone and muscle, and little additional
corn is @ help.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06

Some one rises to suggest that ento
mology-''bug science" be taught in
our public schools, at least enough to
learn the children what insects are
their friends and what their enemies.
We think the idea is a good one.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06
LECTURERS.

TP Sossamon, Charlotte, N. Q.
Hamlin Y. Poore, Bird Island, Mimi.
r H. Peirsol, Parkersburg, w. Va.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-07-06

gsrth Carolina Reform Press Association
Odcers-J. L. Ramsey, President :
sQTto7I Butler, Vice President; 4; ". y
sogsseS, Secretary,