davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

fees high. On the chacsnl Is ~ fees high .
Alto De los Haesos u 20 feet above she
seas Ievea- The Harvard stations have
been kept III fan activity since ISL The
orEy observatory in South America Of
note. not Included IN The Harvard chain.
= the National Observatory 81 Brazil. : 500
feet above the level Of the ga IL K To-
Gated az Petropoiis Thus far the ~-or,e
accomplished there has rot been such as
TO give the institution an iaterrsa stonai
reputation
The best known Of all cur own oh~erva-
tories is that on Mount Hamilton In s.af-
forrta, which bears the name OF The man
through whose generosity II was built
Ar. James Lack II was erected under the
direction Of trustees appointed BY MFR Lick
and according 10 the plans prepared BY
Prof Holden and Prof Newton. This OBJ
servatory. while not so notable in point Of
height above the level Of the SEA- sess feet.
has attracted wide attention because of its
equipment. for here is located the largest
telescope In The world excepting the great
1erkes telescope. placed In position not
long ago ST a point on the shore OF lake
Geneva. Wisconsin. Prof. Holden by fhe
WAY, thinks that unless the conditions Of
Lake Geneva are distinctly better than
those cf the region near by, IS seIectgon
for the site OF the largest Of telescopes
nas prove 70 have been an error of judg-
menf.
North winds In summer bring dust from
the Sacramento valley 20 Mount Hamilton
and forest fires sometimes fill the whole
atmosphere with haze. when neither OF
these hIndrances Is obvious. the air is Of
great purity. Nearly all the summer sun
sets are cIoudIcss The sky IS a deep
orange near the horizon and shades OF
through the prlstnatic coiors In a vertical
circle 70 the pure upper blue The phen-
oTlena OF an average summer day occur
about follows. The sun rises In clear
sky and no clouds are visible during the
entire "a hours. The days are warm
though not oppressive. because Of the dry
ness OF the atmosphere. The vision dur
ing the day Is usually unsteady on ac-
count or air currents which rise from the
neighboring canyons and from the heated
rocks Immediately bordering the plateau
Of the summit. The large valley OF Santa
Clara lies all day long In the ardent sun
shine. Late In the afternoon the sea fog
begins 10 creep In through the various
gaps In the coast range which borders the
Santa Clara valley on the west and 10
come towards The north from Monterey
bay through the valley Of the PaJaro river.
A local fog from the bay of San Francisco
often sends It's thinner wells towards the
south. but seldom sends as far south as
Gilroy where the Monterey fog Is entering
Up TO this time the fogs are low lying.
AS the afternoon goes on the sea fog rises
higher and often pours over the tops of
the highest peaks of the coast range that
tower 2.03s feet. completely covers the wall
ley of Santa Clara. and fills neighboring
canyons although II seldom rises to the
observatory's level. being usually coo feet
lower. Thus the scientists of Lick OBJ
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

strengthen the iefenses of paevna INV
!. the Russians considered themselves 49,
sessed OF sufficient strength 10 ve.,t,,rs a.
/ other attack. They met with a Sero,,s -.
feat. losing lie officers. and iss men a
loss which pat them on the defensive o.
man PaSha continued 70 fortify Plevna.
Then the czar became aroused He sN,t
against Plevna the enormous forea az 1re-
coo regulars. $50 60 militia and 4sa ntaoa.
OF artillery. This in addition 10 the farcsx
that already lay before the town ire
Turkish army in the field was in shrea An.
visions, and consisted of isS.aa rnen "a an
OF whom were at Plevna BY th,, .,,,ss ~
August the Russian forces We're in SUCH
numbers that sa.0na Russians ana pom
manians with 40 guns set out for q thira
advance on Plevna. osnan Pashass force
at the town being estimated a; SDaa use4,
September s bcmbardment Of pievna
was begun. which continued until Sepfeul-
Der IL. This was followed up by an as
sault on the town Although the defenders
We're outnumhered almost two 10 one All
that the Russians could do was 10 capture
one redouht with loss of s0os1 men. The
Turks lost I5,GA The Russians only held
the captured redouht one DAY. II VAS
plain enough now, TO the emsssaries of th,
Russian Bear. that they had a master
mind with which 10 deal. In strategy they
were far from being his equal His skill
more than counteracted his lack In num-
hers And SO there began that phase OF
the siege which is a last resort for be-
siegers-the effort 10 starve out Osmau
Pasha and the garrison OF Plevna BY sur
rounding the town with Gordon of troonS
and Notifications which nothing could
pass.
Sc careful and thorough were the ar
engagements of the Russians that two
months were occupied in investing Plevna.
November 2. 1877. every road and hrfdla
path that led TO Pievna was occupied by
the Russian force. which consisted of ieo.-
neo men. November IL the hesegers were
within three miles of Pfevna. They called
upon osman Pasha To surrender and he
laughed at them. IL IL was battle that
they wanted he said. he would be
charmed TO oblige them. but as for sur
rendering. the idea was ridiculous He
told the Russians that he had provisions
enough TO last him till spring. and when
his provisions gave OUT. he would so out
side and whip them. Stin Osman Pasha
was only making what's termed a ''bluff.'
Many deaths were occurring In the army
through disease. The hospital facilities
were insufficient. So 90 days after the ar
rival of his last supply train. December q,
Osman decided 10 make a sortie.
The following morning his forces threw
themselves against the hesieging lines
with such terrific fury that In a few min
utes they had captured a battery and al
most annihilated a regiment Of grenadiers
who were defending II. Under the fire of
the second investment line the Turks
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

trymen had almost forgotten him when
1877 rolled around. Osman's first command
was the Fifth army corps, and he was in
gioriously defeated at Scalevitze Follow
ing this be intrenched himself at Plevna.
Here he made the reputation that gave
him fame.
The Russians had made unexpected pro-
gress over the Danube. camping on the
southern side of that river early In July.
isTI Breaking camp here. the Russian
forces marched on and passed the Balkan
without meeting check. When they
reached Pievna they found Osman Pasha
and his forces fully entrenched. They at
tackled. and We're repufsed with heavy loss
The Russians had orders 10 occupy Pievna
at the earliest possible moment but they
found this moment many weeks distant.
Gen. Schilder- Sculdner was the first OF the
Russian generals who. with $50 men. un-
dertook 10 reach Plevna. One-half OF his
force was either killed or badly wounded.
The Turkish loss was not heavy.
The cars officers sent for reinforce
merits. Osman Pasha continued to
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

Varied Assortment OF Members of
the Imperial Household.

In the time 81 the saltan's predecessor
the seraglios buildings stretched along the
tanks Of the Bosporus for mite and
han and contained some four thousand
persons. the household order and arrange
unents icing much as they are at press
@nt. The suitans mother. when he tas
mother. receives . seryile obedience from
All its inmates. then comes the fiasnadar
0usfa or mistress Of the treasury. gem
orally a shrewd old woman. promoted
from the ranks of the servants for her
talent for housekeeping and gossip. n
the sultaui Naifsie dice the Hasnadar sue
ceeds her Under Abdul Nedjid the ser
sglio was long ruled by washerwoman.
whose chief sdvirer vas a Balfadir. or
newer ~ wood who could not read. bat
had the power OF disrnissing Viziers. The
sglgsns four kadines come next. who
rank as spouses tn he divorces them and
msrries them IA some ~ the Pachas. Then
there are FIVE or SIN Ekoals. or faY0rifsS:
then the Guiegzedes from gIieuz. eye
girls who have attracted the masters
glance. Every woman who fnarries from
the seragiio takes With her. besides
large portion In cash her clothing. jewels.
furniture. carriages and servants After
them come the Kaoines Enendis. the
mothers 81 the sultan's children: then the
unmarried prfnc~@Ses OF the royal blood.
then the foster mothers and foster sis
ters of the s1itana or princess or
prfncesses Among the attendants are
c5arnberisinx. secretaries. quart
elnuchs. solutions cooks. pages mu-
sfcians dancing girls. dwarfs. buffoons,
priests gstroiogers BARRIERS and sham
pooers. tasters OF the sultsn's food. ath-
ieies. cock fighters. ram fighters. Juggierz.
and grooDs 20 look after the 80 horses
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

expense of maintaining il is 81 200 a year.
Its original cost was $1,000. In all OF the
ohserva tons taken the steadiness Of the
air as well as IT'S transparency are notable.
The star images are entirely free from
twinkling. Each star. viewed from the
observatory. shows magnitude one-tenth
brighter than that observed at a point on
a level with the sea.
The highest German meteorological sta
ton or observatory is the Nendelstein on
the northern slopes OF the Alps near Nun
ich. Its altitude Is ISL metres. The most
famous station In France Is Piiy -dc-pome.
I 80 meters above the level OF the sea II
was here that Pascal caused his haromet-
ric experiment 10 be tried in fs4s The
highest French station Is the Pic-du- Midi
2S7T metres high The Ben Nevis Observ-
atory SsS feet above the seas Level To-
Gated on one Of the highest mountains Of
Scotland - devoted purely 10 meteorolcs-
ical observations. because % The rarity OF
sunshine there For instance. in Deem
Der. 1888. the sun shone for but a SINGLE
hour and that was all the time il was seen
during the entire year
The newest observatory. and one Of
which astronomers hope much. has just
been erected in me Palani Hills in India.
at a height OF 700 feet. II Is known as
the Koalakapal Solar Physics observs-
tory There are over 2.essa hours OF sum
shine At this Point yearly. and the ex peri
ments thus far conducted show that the
atmosphere Is steady - well as clear. The
climate of the location = utterly different
from anything with which Europeans or
Americans are fsmiitsf-
Prof. Holden draws particular atfention
In his interesting work 10 the observatory
at Nice. peculiar for the fact Of It's being
devoted entirely TO astronomy This lns,t-
tufior is located OF Mount eros ard i
only l0o feet above the seas level. Under
good circumstances the transparency and
purity 81 the sky At Nic@ are resna rkshie.
II the disc OF the sun Is hidden by screen
there s. no glare in the reid even close 10
the noInt Of tanxency. The Nice cstserta-
tory has an annex ugs the summit 81 Mount
Mouuier SSa3 feet hlgh. THIS station Is
equipped not only for Astronomical obser-
vasiou but fer meteorological as we'll
In closing this resume % observations. Il
is we'll TO refer 20 the astronomical Oh
servato-v on Mount Esna. $50 feet above
the sea. During the favorable season the
lens is mounted at the summit At other
times Of the year Il s. employed 81 Cat
auis. The Etra station - resched by a
drive 81 about II miles over a carriage
road 10 %icolosi and from thence on horse
hack m SIX hours. provided the traH il nos
ohssrllcta,f BY Snow. Several important
series o. observations having for their OBJ
tecf the relative a6vsrf ges OF high and
tos level Observing stations. have been
carried cut on Es;na ny famous azfrcno-
merS.
Pros. Holden. - TIE work from which
these facts are taken. has ta4si before the
World SIS first opportunity 70 observe IN
continuous form the achievements Of the
astronomer ard the Fneteoroiogist- Who
can say that in daring bravery and hero
ism they DO not compare fzvorably w1tn
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

LONDON. Nav i5.-one of the greatest
generals OF which European history knows
has again attained public prominence al
though most people had almost forgotten
his existence. He is Osman Pasha. the
Napoleon of Turkey, and who. IL Is said. -
the only man who enjoys the entire conf
dence Of the sublime porte.
IL is only few weeks since in the midst
of the earlier OF lie fierce battles of the
Graeco- Turkish war. the public read OF
Edhem Pasha's reiegation TO a sebordin-
ate command. and the placing OF the iirec-
tion Oh the entire Turkish force of military
in the hands of osman Pasha- The calling
upon this man by the Turkish government
was evidence prima facie that there was
deadly fear that Greece might succeed.
To those who remember back 10 1910 suf-
ficientiy TO recall the important events of
the world of that day. the name of 0sman
Pasha revlyes the bloody story of the
Russo-Turkish war They can remember
that famous campaign OF 1877 when this
comparatively unknown Turkish officer
made place for himself in the same rank
with Count Won Moltke. Marshal Bazaine
and the Duke Of Wellington. Today Os-
man Pasha. although 81 years old. is thor
oughly lighting man. though ne made
his reputation by his skill in defense He
is noted for his GOODNESS i'm military opera
TONS is as brave as a lion. and possesses
IN the ruiz tnat fanatfclSfn so characters
tic of the Ottoman soldier.
The campaign which made this man
famous Logan in 1871. when the war be-
tween Turkey and Russia was fairly on.
Osman Pasha was veteran of the Crimea
and in 1853 was sent 10 Shumla as a mem
Der of the, Turkish staff. Although he was
promoted TO the rank of colonel for gal
lantry in the Cretan outbreak. was chief
of stan in the Fourth army corps in the
of Saitchar, and was made a field marshal
therefor. the world and even his own coun-
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

4 Good whaling story.

When a whaier Is fitted out from hons
she takes her officers, boafswains and a
few foremost hands and steers for the
Western islands tAzores). Arrived there.
a boat IL lowered. and a box Of new boots
put in ~. The crew pull ashore. into some
convenient little bay surrounded by woods.
and landing they open the box Of boots
and stand them all along IN a row. Then
one man begins at one end OF the r0~ and
pulls all the boots on and of again. one
after the other. They then board their
boats and pull off around the point out ~
sight and the natives. who have been
watching them from the WOODS. come
down and try the boots on. When the
officer In charge OF the boat thinks they
have had time enough TO be fitted ne
comes back. and the poor Gees. being uIs-
able 10 run with the boots on. are easily
captured and carried of whaling. know
this 20 he a fact for the whaiers told me
OF II themselves ON Many seas.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

waged for Is minutes bayonet fight with
the grenadiers. who had essayed to recap
ture the battery. The Turks were finally
driven hack. but the battle. which had be-
gun at o'clock was continued until $780,
when both sides ceased firing. osman
Pasha was wounded In the leg. but not Sc
riously His sorte was a brilliant one.
but without hope of success. and II Is sup
posed that he made IL 10 satisfy his idea
OF duty and not in the belief that II could
be successful.
on that day December 10. 1877. iif days
after his arrival in Pieyna. Osman Pasha,
seeing further resistance hopeless. sur
rendered the terms OF equalization being
such Az few generals have ever secured.
His defense Ia one Of the most brilliant In
history and the skill that he showed is re-
garded with wonder by the first generals
of Europe. Since peace was arranged
with Russia. Osman Pasha has filled the
positions Of minister of war and grand
marshal Of the palace. the latter being the
place he held AZ the outbreak of the pres
ent hostiiities.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

very great The building erected ny n.
Jansen caused an expeEse Of ssasa Or
binary lahorers are paid ~ francs a 6sy
The price for transporting material 70 be
summit was = cents pound. The orssin-
arr load for porter in such cases was -
pounds The minimum temperature on the
summit q Mont Blanc is IS degrees below
zero The top of the mountain is. in fact.
a glacier.
On the Sonnblick Observatory there il
eight times as much snowfall as rainfall.
The twfnkilng OF the stars Is regularly oh
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

inundation ravaged the province of HUI
Pae 10 an extent which can be retrieved
only by the labors of many successive
generations. Another terrible food oc-
CURED few years since, which spread
its havoc over an area of 350.0oo square
miles in the most densely populated dis
tricts of China. The loss of life on that
occasion has been estimated at $1,000.
even after deducting the hundreds OF
thousands that succumbed to the subse-
quent famine and those slain by maraud-
ers and hanger-crazed cannibals.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

south American chain % stations. has a
rnefe"goiosicsi observatory on Pixies
Peak 3Iss Fest IN altitude For e years
fnls station was continually occupied hnt
Eow the observations are generally cor
fined 20 the summer months A notable
feature Of tbs Pixies Peak observatory IL
the Tact thar the most tremendous cleo
trfeai storms which occur IN North Amer
lea seem TO cluster about its summit TIE
lightning Is nearly continuous for long Pc
RODS, and the deep rolling thunder IS shat
tertng 70 the strongest nerves The ob-
servers on the mountain summit. although
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

and the snow always covers the lower
story II vas the Intention 10 have the up
per story IN free ar. and during ohS@rva-
sion a telescope = mounted IN an alum
imam dome above the upper story IRE
const ractfpn - veTE solid and strong with
double walls ard ncors ard no pains has
been spared 90 make X safe and rigid As
Sn Indication ~ tire character % the
feunsstsoa 81 the observatory. tunnels
we're ran = feet below the surface without
meeting rock. TIE temperature iu these
tunnels az al times was three degrees
above zero
The cost o. building ga these heights -
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

is considerably greater than at the lower
station. The movements of the barometer,
the wind pressures and veiocities. the rela-
tive humidity. the formation and moye-
ments of clouds. the amount OF atmos-
pheric electricity and all meteorological
phenomena are daily observed. There are
at this observatory on the average $50 days
each year when the mercury stands at
zero or below.
The observatory of the Saints is one of
the least expensive, considering its inn
portanee, of any that exists. for the total
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

more interest clusters than that at Mont
Blanc, which rears its snow head 10 so
feet from the surface OF the ocean. The
story of this observatory. of the dangers
of those who have utilized IL. are succeed
ing chapters in the tragedy OF human ex-
istence such as science cannot elsewhere
produce. This observatory was erected by
NJ. Jansen. upon compressed snow be-
cause 10 rock foundations were available
II Is provided with jack screws in order
thar il may he ieveled II necessary. The
base OF the structure is ten by Ave metres
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

sereatory are above the clouds and gain
news from the heave-ly bodies while they
10 the ma 5oFify OF persons are invisible
Once iu while the fog covers the summit
Of Mount Hamilton but only about as
often as the equinocsiai storms come.
Much higher Is the observatory on
Mount Whitney in California. its cccu-
pants being "A so feet above the level Of
the SEA. About one-third of the earth 5
atmosphere lies beneath SIS level. The
mountain IS very abrupt so that the lower
station. az Lone Pine. with an altitude OF
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

1,aa feet Is close - the upper one and in
Hst view from 81 BY acF Of congress %
the Uoited States. thls station viii ~ fcr-
ever availahle for fhe study 81 physical
problems 4 railway PASSES near the foot
81 tne mountain ard a comp sr8tsvtiy
small expenditure WpSl}d open prac<lcahl Bile
traits fer haEgs - ansHsa Is 20 tfe onserga-
tory During summer there Is compare
iive3y little sueW ever ~ the highest point
ot rsse mountain mass. Mouns Whitney =
but - feet taaer than Mont Rlarc and IS
9ery easy q ascent as far as i2ea feet
fsarssrf college observatory. az Ukica
ne have already learned lhroasa The
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

contained i'm the imperial stables. Tales
OF victory from the Thessalian mountain
passes now thrill this extensive house
hold. making II buzz and hum Ike
swarm OF Paphlagonisu bees; It's note or
eNuitation likely 10 strike into another
key whenever the inconsfant bird Of vic
tory changes It's perch from one standard
10 the other.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

FOR many years the Yang se-hiang
river. one Of the chief streams that rew
through the celestial empire. has been
Known 70 the Inhabitants aS the sconrge
q China" During the last 20 years IT'S
foods have fourteen times forced the
massive dams OF the central provinces
and each rinne covered its banks with
thousands Of human corpses- In 1855 its
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

much incommoded by these electrical
storms, have learned how to arrange their
Instruments so as to avoid all real danger
IL was from this point. in July, 1875. that
DIR. Langley observed the total solar
eclipse Other observatories of note on
this continent are those of Flagstaff. Ari-
IONA. 300 feet: Echo mountain. califor-
MIA, SEQ feet. Chamherlin Observatory. in
Deaver. Col. .4ae feet; the National OBJ
servatory OF Mexico at Tacubaya, 800
feet.
No observatory exists around which
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16

= 4. 49, wer& ever aeeena pstshea
sess sA.ss.. y Scaense. TIE arsf og
Ssa ..ss fefsrrezi 70, thar on the
-. : srries - Harvard sta
sss sss.,,. 49, lssssaels 20 take assseYvs-
ssas ~ d9flRS a portion - the
ssssssI, = ssssasFy and Ecav,2ary re
Rssa Il g. : s'ssfsa wEth enersaoas guam
~ e ! 49, N'sws - the Neii al the
~ sAss,s -, !. - aoar sna she sanrera-
- sssess - = degrees ahoxe 20 rero
<ss.s,'asas sse ~ means ~ 4 Birdie
49, = sssssa< sfatiens to the Msssi
We sc~a OF Areaalps. Sssa
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16
L... Du.s. More comfort.

II for no other reason than because Of
Us comparative freedom from dust YOU
should take the Burlington Route when
yea 20 East.
trains enjoy ABSOLUTE exemption from
aust such statement would not he
true But we do ciasrn-and we know NE
are righs-fhat our tracks are better hal
tasted and better maintained than these
~ any other railroad TO Omaha. 81 Jo-
seph. kansas city. 81. Louis and Chi
cage
Two routes Fasf-via Billings. Mont
and St Paul Minn.
Two routes Fast
NJ = Benton. Puget Sound Agent. cor
ner YeSger way and FIRST avenue
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1897-05-16
NAPOLEON OF TURKEY
o>MAN PASHA ONE OF THE GREAT
EST GENERALS OF EUROPE

Only Man Really Trussed by the sub
lime Porte-Cool. brave and Fru-
gal-fhe Nero of Pievna's siege
A Veteran of the Crimea-Exposesf
tn Many Dangers. He Has Only
Asia Minor In ISL: and Having a
Remarkable Career.