The herald., 1897-04-11

land. He said the great enemy was high
freight, which enemy must and soon
would be conquered. 1t costs three times
as much to ship a carload OF fruit to
New York as 1t does to ship carload of
wine. This was wrong and must be cor
rected.
Prof. H. Culbertson showed how thor
ough cultivation would conserve moist
ure, by stopping evaporation. He would
plow eight inches once or twice year,
and cultivate thoroughly through all the
growing months.
1. w. Mills Of the Chino station urged,
in an able paper, the value of green
manuring. 1t holds the water and pre-
vents washing during the winter. and is
the cheapest way to get nitrogen. He
would let all plants grow after the first
rains in autumn, but would be sure to
have vigorous growing legumes, like
lupines, burr clover and other such
plants These should be all plowed un-
der In early March. Mills showed how to
get the seeds when the legumes would
not volunteer
]. H. Fawcett, in a very sprightly talk,
explained his method of pruning the
lemon. He trimmed tree before the
audience. He trims very thoroughly
and seemed to have the support of such
able orchardists as Messrs. Allen, Cope
land, Hawley, etc. About Pomona the
lemon is not much trimmed and has
the habit of the spreading apple or
maple At Chula Vista it is cut severe
ly back, which gives beautiful. thick,
rounded head, which suggests the UNI
brella tree.
Prof. Cook called attention to the
work of the farmers clubs and the
good that was coming through them. A
club was organized on the spot.
DR.. Loughridge spoke on the soil and
the plant. He explained clearly the
growth and nutrition of the plant, what
the soil must do, how it was often
faulty, and gave clearly methods to de-
tect faults and how to remedy them.
Miss Kate Sessions showed how every
person, woman as we'll as man. could de-
velop in our genial California climate
wonderful flowers, which would be a
lasting joy to the originator and bless
ing to the world. She gave instances
where women have done this and gained
health at the same time.
Prof. Hayne Of the University of Cali
fornia showed that olive culture could
be made more successful in Southern
California than anywhere else in the
world. He emphasized the Importance
of mixing varieties, of pruning and of
protecting the trees from insect ravages.
Prof. Cook gave fully the life history of
the purple scale. and gave directions for
successful warfare. This is a very Sc
rious pest in San Diego county. The in
eect Is hard to destroy, except when very
young. Spraying with kerosene emul-
sion is good for small trees, when the in
sects are scarce. Fumigation will alone
succeed satisfactorily when large or
chards are seriously attacked. Mr..
Copeland, who has wide experience, be-
lleves that thorough fumigation will,
kill even the mature purple scales.
Mr.. William Irving's valuable paper on
"Citrhs Fruits in Italy" showed that we
can produce fruit cheaper than they
can, and with as cheap freight rates we
have nothing to fear from them. The
paper was very interesting.
Mrs. Warren Kimbalps article on
"Street Improvement" from one who
has done such marvels in this direction.
was full Of valuable suggestions. She
gave advice as to what trees to plant
and how and where to place them
AT OCEANSIDE.
The Oceanside institute was largely
attended and full Of enthusiasm. 1t was
developed that olives, apples. almonds
and wslnuts aid well In that section.