davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
A. T. FEAY, ATTORNEY.
NJ. A. No. 1886.
APPLICATION FOR A PATENT.
U. s. LAND OFFICE, Rapid city, 8. Z

US LAND OFflGFt hdllu b1IN, =. De,
December II, 1896.
Notice is hereby given that Anna A. Wolfe,
whose post Office address is Pringle, custer
County, South Dakota, has this day filed her
| application for a patent for 155,s SO acres OF The
Point of Rocks Placer Mine. bearing gold and
other minerals, with surface ground $50. SO acres,
situated III no organized mining district,
County of Custer, and State of South Dakota,
and designated by the field notes and official
plat on file in this Office as lot Number 1ll3, In
Township s, South of Range 4, East of Black
Hills Meridian, said Lot No. Ill3 being described
az follows, to-wit
Beginning at corner Number J., identical
with Southeast corner of the location, a pine
post 3 feet long, S inches square, 2 feet in the
ground. with mound Of earth, scribed cor. l.
ll13, whence U. S. Loo. Mon. No. 70 bears n. Is
deg II min. e.. 400 feet. Thence ~. 70 deg. OF
min. w, var. IS deg. 81 min. E., 27O5 #. to cor.
No. | of NJ. &. 1000, 1924 feet to cor. No. ., a pine
post #. long 3 inches square, 2 #. in the
ill3, whence S. W cor. Of Section House, bears
n, 81 deg. so min. e, 515 It. Thence n, IL deg.
80 min f., var. 10 deg. 81 min. f., 1859 feet to
cor, No. 3, a pine post, 3 #. long, 3 inches square,
earth, seribed cor. No. 3--l1I3. Thence n. SO
deg. % min. E., var, Is deg, 80 min. E., 1900 feet
square, 2 #. in the ground, with mound %ofstone,
scribed cor. No. 4-l113. Thence 9. 90 deg. "a
min: E., var. 10 deg. 80 min, e.. 2463 feet to cor.
No. 5, "A pine post, 5 II. long, 5 Inches square, IS
scribed cor No. 5-1l13. Thence S. "a deg. II
min. f., var. 16 deg. 02 min. E., 700 feet to cor.
NO, o, Il pine post, D IL. long, D lncneS square, 2
IT in the ground, with mound of stone, scribed
cor. No. GLIB, whence a pine 20 inches in
diameter bears N, 60 deg; 80 min. T.. l3l feet,
scribed 1ll3 Is. T. Thence S, 4 deg. Is min, var.
Is deg. 30 min. e, Ut feet, to cor, No. i, and
place Of beginning.
Magnetic variation IS deg 80 min. to 16 deg. OF
min. e., containing 155. SO acres,
The location of this mine is recorded in the
Register of Deeds Office of Custer County, South
Dakota, In book 3, page 81, of Placer Location
Records. The adjoining claimants are Ncwoda
Placer NJ. c, 1000, patented ground.
Any and all persons claiming adversely any
portion of said Point Of Rocks Placer, Lot l1l3,
mine or surface ground, are required TO file their
adverse claims with the Register of the United
States land office, at Rapid City, in the County
of Pennington. South Dakota, during the sixty
days period Of publication hereof or they will
be aired by virtue of the provisions Of the
Statute.
r. d. RALPH, Register.
1t is hereby ordered, that the foregoing Notice
OF Application for Patent be published for the
period of sixty days, (ten consecutive weesk), in
the CUSTER CHRONICLE, a weekly newspaper
published at Custer City, South Dakota.
L. ID. PALPH, Register.
First publication, December 19, 1895.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
NOTICE OF FORFEITURE.

STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA, 90
County OF Custer. 90
To John Ii. Buyers, and sylvester Judd. ms
GIantor:
lOL are hereby notified that there was eN-
pended One Hundred Dollars, in labor aud inn
prOyements, upon the GruhStake lode, situated
IN Custer County, y. d., about "a mile nOrtherly
from Little Squaw Creek, and at the spokane
Mine Camp, and adjoining said Spokane mine,
ny the subscriber, aud other owners, except the
abOver named, as will appear by affidavit filed
january nth. 1897. i'm The nnicr Of The ReriSter
of Deeds OF said county, in order To hold said
premises, under the provisions Of Section 1924.
Revised Statutes of tile United States, being the
amount required TO hold the same for the year
ending December 3lst, 1892. And if within
ninety days from the service of this notice on
you or its publication, you fail or refuse 10 con,
tribute Your proportion of such expenditure rs
co-Owner, to-wlt; the sun of Twenty-Five Dol.
lars, expended on your interest by ne rs co
owner, your interest In said claim will become
The property of the subscriber under section
2324, of said Statutes.
Dated January 10th, 1897.
FRANCIS NJ. cox.
EirSt notification lam ~ 1907
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27

Bad reports come from North Oak ota
stock ranges. A late Dickinson dispatch
says: 1t is generally conceded among
cattlsmsn here that 80 per cent of range
stock have already %succumbed to the
winter, the warm wave coming too late
to save them. 1t is impossible to travel
over the range and no exact figures can
be had. Bad lands ranges which have
been overcrowded during the past few
years will have few cattle this season.
1t is stated that Pierre Wibaux, the big
cattleman Of Montana and Dakota places
his losses at S250,O0O. Last fall he put
10000 Utah cattle on the range and they
are all dead.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
NOTICE.
NOTICE.
ONCE OF the Commissioner OF School and Public

Office OF the Commissioner OF School and Public
Lands.
Notice is hereby given, that on the 9th day Of
April, 1897, all the Unbiased School Lands
in the County Of Custer viii be offered for
lease TO the highest bidder, at public auction, at
the front door OF the Court House in said coun-
ty. Said leasing will be held between the hours
day, until all the tracts OF School lands have
been offered for lease.
JOHN L. LOCKHART,
Commissioner of School and Public Lands.
First publication, Feb. 6, 1897.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27

The tendency Of prospectors and min
ers to stampede upon the slightest pro-
vocation is notably strong, which was
very clearly shown here in the early
part of the week, when scores of stakes
were driven under the idea
that they were marking the boundaries
of future gold bonanzas, but. as after
ward determined. the ground is only
valuable for agricultural and grazing
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
Relieved of Terrible Pains.

r. +. Morse, Travelling Salesman, Gal
weston, Texas, says: Billiards. Snow
Liniment cured me of rheumatism of
three months standing after use OF two
bottles. j. s. Doan, Danville, His, says
| have used Billiards. Snow Liniment
for years and would not be without it.
J. r, Crouch, Rio, Ills, says Billiards.
Snow Linimcnt cured terrible pains in
back of Head and Neck when nothing
else would. Every bottle guaranteed,
Price 80 cents. Sold at A. j. Jones q
Co.'S drug store.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
For Over Fifty Y ears

An Old and Well-Tried Remedy
Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup has been
used for over fifty years by millions OF
mothers for their children while teeth
ing, with perfect success. 1t soothes
the child. softens the gums, allays all
pain, cures wind collie. and is the best
remedy for Diarrhea. Is pleasant to
the taste, Sold by Druggists in every
part of the World. Twenty-Five cents a
bottle. It's value is incalculable. Be sure
and ask for Mrs. Winslow's Soothing
Syrup, and take nc other kind.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27

DeForrest Sanford has severed his
connection with the Edgemont Express,
and is now said to be looking up a
favorable site in the northern Hills for
the establishment of a new paper. Will
he find IL 2
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
RiabBSSnd
KiSMM

Passenger ZOE going East leaves Custer at $40
n. m, makes connections at Lincoln and Omaha
Cor Chicago, New York. st. Louis, Kansas city.
a.. Joe and Atchi.on, and all points East, and at
Edgemont for Billings and all points West. Also
connects with trains at Aurora for Denver ana
Accommodation train 20t going East leaves
Custer al 2:35 y. M, arrives at Edgemont at 6l5,
giving parttes2 hours and % minutej at Edge
mont TO do business and take train u East same
night.
Passenger col going North leaves Custer at 9:S6
a. M, raakes connection for Spearish, Lead
CITY. Whitewood and Rapid City; also BOB, ac'
COMMUNICATION. leaves Custer at 9:S6 a. m. for
Deadwood and west.
Tor further particulars enquire Of
S. F. ELLIOTT. Agent.
O, write J. Francis, Gen. Passr & Ticket Ast
y. & VI. Ry, Omaha, Neb.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
NOTICE OF FORFEITURE,
County of Custer. 80

STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA. l,o
County of Custer.
To John Shafer:
You are hereby notified that I have expended
Three Hundred Dollars, in labor and improve
ments, upon the Astor Lode Claim, situated In
Custer County, South Dakota, about mile
northerly from Little Squaw Greek, at the
Spokane Mine Camp, and adjoining said
Spokane mine, for the years 1894, 1895 and 1895,
tO-wit: one Hundred Dollars for each and
every one Of said years, as viii appear 10y AN
davit filed January 18th, 1897, in the Office Of the
Register Of Deeds OF said Custer County, in or
der to hold said claim under the provisions of
Section. 1924, Revised Statutes 81 the United
States, being the amount required To hold the
same for The years ending December 3lSt, 1894,
1895 and 1896. respectively. And If within nine
~ days from the service of this notice on you,
or by its publication. you fail or refuse 10 con.
tribute your proportion of such expenditure as
a co-owner, tO-wit: The sum of 1888 for each
OF said years, 1894, 1895 and 1896, your interest
in said claim will become the property of the
subscriber under Section 1924, of said Statutes,
Dated January 10th, 1897.
FRANCIS NJ. cox.
First publication, Jan. 20, 1897.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
New Chart Class.

Miss earns, in charge of the primary
department of the Custer public schools,
the organization of a new
chart class in her department on Mon
day, the Goth inst, and requests parents,
wishing to start new beginners, to send
them at the time named.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
NOTICE.

Whereas, Jens 5. Bach and Slime X. Bach, his
wife. mortgagors, did on the 18th day OF DC
tober, 1890, for the purpose OF securing q certain
note given by said Jens y. Bach, mortgage TO
the Western Dakota Loan and Trust Company,
payee in said note, certain real property, de-
scribed as the Northeast Quarter of Section
TWENTY-FIVE t22l, in Township six () South, II
Range Seven C) East b. II. NJ, containing 100
acres, In Custer County, South Dakota, which
mortgage was duly recorded In the office OF the
Register Of Deeds Of said Custer County, In book
3, on page 2i3, and which mortgage was there
after duly assigned to Joel G.. Van else, as will
appear by assignment OF record; and
Whereas, default exists, and there is now due
on said note and mortgage the sum OF S626.60
and $1,000 attorney fee.
Now. therefore. notice is hereby given that the
said mortgage will be foreclosed by the sale OF
the above described premises on the 9th day OF
April, 1897, at 10 O'Clock In the forenoon, at the
front door of the Court House, at Custer City, in
the County of Custer, State of South Dakota, to
satisfy the amount due, including all fees and
costs of sale.
Dated, February l6, 1897.
FRANK WALSH,
Sheriff OF Custer County SO. Oak.
EDWIN VAN CIsE, Attorney for Assignee.
First publication, Feb. 20, 1897.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
HARTvILLE IRON MINES.

1t was given out today, says a recent
Cheyenne, Wyo., special, hat New
York capitalists have secured a two and
n half years option on the celebrated
iron mine at Hartv lie The option
calls for a paymenr ofS25, 900, to be paid
in monthly installments. 1t is also
stated that a spur will be built from the
Cheyenne & Northern railroad to Hart
Vile to enable the ore to be shipped
direct. The ore at Hartville shows the
highest grade of iron and has been
used with the best results by the Dem
yer and Pueblo smelters. 1t is under
stood that the controlling interest will
begin work on the Hsrtvills mines dur.
ing the coming summer.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
Pnstnmce Hours.

once open from 7:45 a. IN. to 80 p. m.
Sundays-s:45 TO 0 rs q. m, aud one hOuT alter
arrival Of morning mani, except during church
services. .
Mall going north closes at o:15 n. m. SOUTH
o.. m. BakcryllIe, 8 u. IN. on Tuesday ana Satur-
' BERTHA Woop, p, NJ.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27


The state OF South Dakota to the above named
Defendants.
You and each OF you are hereby summoned
and required to answer the complaint of the
plaintiff in the above entitled action, Il copy OF
which said complaint Is hereto annexed and
herewith served upon you, and TO serve a copy
Of your answer 10 the said complaint on the
subscriber, ut his Office In the town of Custer
City, IN the County of Custer in said state of
South Dakota, within thirty days after the ser.
vice OF this luminous upon you, exclusive of the
day of such service, and If you fail to answer
the said complaint within thirty days after the
service of this summons upon you, the plaintiff
in this action will apply to the court for the
relief demanded In the said complaint.
Dated October 3rd, 1S9G.
W. +. BENEDICT,
Attorney for fiaintiti, Custer Comfy, South
Dakota, ana States Attorney In and for the said
Custer County, South Dakota, with Office III
Custer City, Custer County, South Dakota.
NOTICE:-The Defendants above named will
please take notice that the complaint and sum,
mons in the above entitled action was filed with
the clerk of the above entitled court az his Office
in Custer ,ity, 5. D., on the 18th day of Janu.
airy, 1897.
Dated January 10th. 1897.
K. q. BLASIER,
States Attorney in and for Custer County
South Dakota.
First publication, Jan. 90, 1897.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27

ing all ore worth from 500 to $3.50 a
ton. The ore carries very rich concsn-
trates, worth from 81 900 to 81 1888 a ton,
ten to one. For a long time but N
vein was being followed, and the prop
erty was by no means promising. This
vein went in at a dip of 45 degrees, and
as il was followed down the other vein
was encountered coming straight down
until it reached the first vein, when it
assumed the same incline. The owners
are anxious to erect a 20. stamp mill this
season, but at all events the steam
stamps will be started again the middle
Of next month. The ore that has been
taken out in sinking the shaft has been
stored in bins.-Pioneer.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
J. W. KENDALL, Pastor.

B~APTIST.-Rev. +. T. Drewett will preach ev-
cry Sunday morning AT II, and evening az 20
Sunday School AT 10 a. m. Junior H.. \. J.. y.
AT q. Senior b. y. l.. u. at 6:45. B. Y. L; L.
PRAYER meeting at 1880 on Tuesday evening.
Regular weekly prayer meeting on THURSDAY
evening at 1880. Al are very cordially III
yited.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. services each sunday
atlI T. nj. and 1880 y. m. sunday Schooi az ~
am. Junior League SUNDAY afternoon at 2;Sn
O'Clock. PRAYER meeting, Thursday evening
at 7;3O. You are cordially invited TO these
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
Churches.

OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES services: sun
day 10 a, m. Sunday School; II a. m. preaching
seIyIces. 7 d, m. Y. r.. 3. G. f.; 3 p. M. preach
Ing service. Thursday S p. m. Prayer meeting
Come and worship.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA,

STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA, GO
County of Custer, !"
/, w. F. Hanley, Cashier of the above-named
bank, do solemnly swear that the above state
ment Is true to the best of my knowledge and
belief. w. +. HANLEY, Cashier.
Subscribed and sworn to before me TINS 18th
day of March, 1897.
L. W. DELICATE,
Notary Public.
Correct-Attest
4. A.. TowNER. directors.
L. KLEEMANS.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27

TN THE CIRCUIT COURT, IN AND FOR
i Custer County, Seventh Judicial Circuit
State of South Dakota.
Custer County, South Da-
kota, q Public Corporation,
Plaintiff.
W,
william H.. Hart, and
Sarah j, Hart,
nofapdanta
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27

Why pay one dollar for an article
when fifty cents buys the same thing at
the n. Y. Bankrupt Store.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
Mining Items.

The Deadwood Mining Review notes
the recent discovery of valuable gold
ore on the headwaters of Slate creek in
Pennington county by q man named
Benn.
The Deadwood Journal reports John
Pierce's big mining deal at Lead about
ready to be closed, and says further
that, when the property is transferred
and work begins in earnest, which will
be in a short time afterward, Leads
population will be greatly increased by
the large number of men that will be
set at work upon the property.
The CHRONICLE learns that Messrs.
Thompson & Lindstrom, of Four Mile.
have recently uncovered a two foot vein
of ore on the lime belt, about II miles
south of this city, which, in appearance,
is identical with the higher grade ores
Of Ragged Top. A test made upon the
ore found upon the suface showed a
value Of Sl4 so per ton, which encourag-
ed further development, and in sinking
a few feet the vein was encountered
upon which no test has yet been made.
Work is being continued, and all signs
seem to indicate that the claim, when
developed, will prove TO be a valuable
one.
Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1897-03-27
d EPORT OF THE CONDITION
OF
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
OF CUSTER CITY,

OF CUSTER CITY,
At Custer City, in the State of South Dakota, at
the close of business, March 9th, 1897.
RESOURCES.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-14
Wednesday, October 13-p. IN.

Wednesday, OCTOBER Io-p. H.
The stock market was broad and active TO
dsv. and at the close generally higher mat
n rally should follow yesterdays sharp break
was not surprising but little evidence was iur-
r,sbed that the higher prices meant an active
resumption of the bull movement. on the COLI
raw there was considerable evidence that the
bear elemen: had not given up nope OF SUI!
lower values for It hammered prices on all
w..k spots and although forced TO cover eX-
tsnsivelv II showed no disposition to relinquish
,,s hold upon the market. After strong open
inc the hears succeeded In forcing prices down
In the majority of issues. but at the decline
largo buying orders we're put in, and under the
influence Of this factor a gradual recovery took
Mace throughout the list. Following the violent
break in prices on September u the market
made a general recovery. only to be succeeded
hv still lower prices. and while the market to-
day Is In still stronger position than on sep
TENDER % opinion Is not unanimous that prices
will not repeat their course OF two weeks ago
70 rho nublic comes into the market heavy
huver manipulators can make little Roadway
oo.iret u until an overloaded condition is
roached hut n is a question whether or not
tho public is ready to rush back into the market
until the uncertainties real and imaginary In
the Cuban situation the municipai election SIT
uaton and In other HihoF iae'o'S nave ~"
deanitelv settled The experience Of the last
too weeks has frightened people against wait
,rg for large profits. Quick turns appear TO be
ths most popular transactions just now. and for
mi. reason heavy realizing sales on purchases
Ia. NJ the low figures yesterday ana TO-DAY
l' i,,,ai, 10 he made at short notice. Bets
Sx.,e offered to-day that prices would close
richer on Saturday than on the same day iasi
week. and no trouble was experienced ~ ma
ing takers. ,. ,.,,,,., t.,
many cases below last nights closing. on large
.Iansa. ~, commission houses and prominent
,'', Interests subsequently carried most stocks
hack TO opening prices. and In some cases 10
i,is p1nL Island Omaha Northern Pacific pre-
"a, ,"rr.d and Reading Higher prices were made
throughout the afternoon. and at the Slose nes
W, m.ere shown in most Issues. The more
Saio ,,ant recoyeries In the active list were In
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-14

Chicago Gas. St. Paul, Consolidated Gas. Della
ware and Hudson General Electric. Manhattan
Missouri Pacific, Northern Pacihc prelerleo'
Omaha and Union Pacific Chicago Gas mace
a net gain OF IA per cent on heavy dealings, IN
which inside support prominent sugar
Refining was second in point of activity, Dut IL
closed only fractonaly higher than last night.
although 81. points above the lowest price or
the day. The chief activity in all stocks was
in the mornings trading. when the conflict be-
tween the two speculative clements was nercc
The early victory gained by the bears was due
TO the exhaustion OF margins and sales on STOP
loss orders. On the elimination OF these factors
prices gradually recovered, with the net results
for the day il favor Of the bulls. London prices
were higher and arbtrage houses were buyers
on balance OF about 10000 shares. Total trans
actions in all stocks were JIO.IGO shares.
Prices for the last sales of the principal active
stocks to-day. compared with the final figures
Of yesterday, were as follows:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-14
financial meetin9s.
NOTICE.
NOTICE is hereby given that special meet

Ing Of the stockholders OF the 81 Louis Southwestern
Railway Company is called and will be he'd at the en-
Sixth and Streets ST. Louis. No. at nine oclocs
A. NJ on the day OF November, 1897 70 consider en9
vote upon proposition to aid the Grays Point Terminal
Railway Company in the construction Of is road from
County. Mo- and to consider ana vote upon the
I'd interest OF the bonds OF the Grays Point Terminal
Railway Company 70 the sum and extent OF Fifteen
Thousand Dollars lSl50C0) per mile Tor eacn mle OF
standard gauge road built said bonds TO run Tor ny
interest the rate of nve per cent
per annunn payable semi-annuay. the principal and
inte-e., be payable in gold and In considsraton
said Grays Point Terminal Railway Cempany or n
acquire IL by consolidation lease otherwise, or 10
acquire ali the stock OF said Company and TO take any
and ali other properly come before SAID
meeting and pertaining the above matters
The stock transfer books will be closed on Saturoay
October e. 1897 at twelve o'clock noon, and will be re-
onened on Friday November s. 1897. ten o'clock A. ~
' g ". FORDYCE, President.
GEO ERBELDING. Secretary.
Louis 81, 1897
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-10-14
EUROPEAN FINANCIAL MARKETS.

London Oct l3.--Gold is quoted at Buenos Ayres TO-
DAY at is6 70 at Lisbon, 4Ox: at Rome. 1880. Inc
amount OF bullion withdrawn from the Bank OF England
D m.-stocks-The make, for American securities
opcred easier then improved but gave way again on
demand moderate Consos for money. III 9-l6 for the
account III li-6: Atchison ~. CANADIAN; 81; 81
Central new Is 66'. NewYork Central III; Erie i6ss
Pennsylvania 30: ReaGng i2,.: Erie first preferred 4o.
Mexican ordinary 1912. Money :. per cent The rate OF
dscount in the open market ior snort DIS Is - PEI
Paris Oct IL. m-Tbree per cent rentes los francs
~ for the account Exchange on LONDON %
francs 1872 centmes for checks - 49,,
Berlin Oct. l3-Exchange on London. 20 marks ooi
pfennncs for checks.