davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
water Protection From Frost.

Water parts with its heat SO readily
that SO long as it continues above the
freezing point it affords almost certain
protection from freezing where it is.
American Cultivator says: "It is one
of the best means for keeping trees
and shrubs from injury by extreme cold
in winter to throw cold water over
them and allow it to cover their branch
es with ice, as in cold weather will
very soon be the case. If the weather
continues cold long, this covering Of ice
will be gradually worn away by evapo-
ration and may need to be renewed two
or even three times. But SO long as
branches and twigs are covered with
ice no severity Of cold is likely to in
jure the tree.
''In fact, we have long believed that
when trees which endure ordinary frost
without injury are killed by severe cold
in winter it is because this extremely
cold air is taking moisture from the
tree too rapidly. There is some circu-
lation of sap in trees even in the cold
est weather so long as some of their
roots are below the frost line. It is an
old saying of farmers that it is neces-
sary to have heavy fall rains to fill the
swamps and wet down the soil in for
ests, SO as to prevent it from freezing
too deeply. When winter closes in with
out severe transforms, many trees are
sure to be winter killed the following
winter"
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
News and Notes.

The latest addition to the industries
in and near ST. Louis is Chinese farm
Kerosene treatment is now urged fol
the San Jose scale. Both Ohio and New
Jersey may claim honors Of discovery.
According to the last census, Ohio hal
the greatest number Of farms 1851, 4S0,
followed by Illinois, 240, ,681; Missouri,
238, ,043; Texas, 22S, 1876; New York,
226, ,223; Pennsylvania. 211, ,557; Iowa,
POI, 90S. Other states fall below 20O,-
600.
There is an increase in the Florida
crop Of oranges, and it is said that Cal
ifornia will have $4,000 carloads az
against 1000 harvested last year.
1t is claimed that the pulp from beets
after the sugar is extracted makes q
good feed for all stock.
The proper way to keep all roots is in
out of door pits and as much as possible
excluding air from them.
It is officially reported that "our ba-
son is too fat for foreigners /"
News and Notes.
Electricity is being extensively used
on the large German farms.
Manure made from animals fed on
ensilage is free from weed seeds.
From the western states and from
Canada come reports of great scarcity of
beef cattle.
The official report Of the condition Of
corn makes the October average ~,
while the average for the past ten years
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18

ton or Buffalo gluten meal at Siz. to be
fed in combination with wheat bran
and oilmeal? The coarse feed consists
of dry corn fodder and timothy hay. .
The foregoing query was answered as
follows by Rural New Yorker:
The gluten feeds vary more or less in
their composition, but considering aver
age samples the buckwheat middlings
at $11 are decidedly cheaper. Buck
wheat middlings of good quality, as
usually bought near the buckwheat
mills, are often the cheapest source of
protein or muscle makers that dairy
man can buy. They are constipating,
however, and are excellent to feed with
ensilage. If fed with dry fodder and
timothy, we should use parts each
of bran and buckwheat iuiddlings and
one part Of 1inseed meal.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
Home Study I'm Agriculture.

Professor Watson of the Pennsylva.
mia State college has charge of the
Chautauqua course of home study in
agriculture. The lessons are designed
to help the student in his study Of the
books prescribed by this course, and
each lesson is accompanied by a num-
Der of questions covering the subject
under study. After due investigation Of
these lessons The National Stockman
and Farmer says:
"We have carefully examined these
lessons and questions and find them SO
clear and practical that we do not hesi-
tate to recommend the course to all who
are in position to take it up the coming
winter. Next to term at good agri-,
cultural school is good course of home
study in agriculture. This the Pennsyl-
vania State college is providing for the
farmers Of the state, and they should
take advantage of it. Professor G. q.
Watson of the state college will fur
nish full information on application. ("
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
Stacking Corn Fodder.

In some sections of the country corn
fodder is tied in bundles and stacked
like grain. The bundles are bound with
straw bands in convenient size for ham
ding To begin the stack or rick, lay
down three bundles side by side, then
two on top Of these and one on top of
the two. Duplicate this pile until the
rick is as long as desired. Now set bum
dies on each side of this foundation and
also at the ends until the bottom is of
the desired width. On this build the
rick as you would wheat or rye, only
keep the center higher by letting the
tops Of the middle row of bundles lap a
little. In feeding from such rick take
the fodder from the end, beginning at
the top and going to the bottom. The
Farm Journal, which gives these direc-
tions, says, "This will not expose the
heart of the stack to the weather.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
Horses In Greater New York.

In Greater New York there are said
to be about 500, 900 horses kept for bust
ness or pleasure Rural New Yorker
says that these horses consume an aver
age of 10 pounds of hay and 10 pounds
of grain per day. This means 812, 500
tons of hay and over l, 900, 900 tons Of
grain in the course of year. There are
only states in the country that, sim
gly, produce hay enough to feed these
New York horses. The states Of Rhode
Island, Delaware, Florida, Louisiana,
South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi
and Georgia all combined could hardly
supply hay enough in their total crops
to last these horses for 1 months AS
for the grain, it is enough to say that
the entire oat crop of New England
would feed these horses only about Is
months.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
cider and yInerar,

The best method of preserving cider,
according to The American Agricultur-
ist, is to heat it to Il IS degrees F., place
in alright packages and seal while hot,
following the methods used in canning
fruit. If carefully put up, the cider will
keep perfectly and be as sweet the sec
ond summer as when first made. The
objection to this method is that the fla
vor is slightly changed When opened,
fermentation will set in just as it will
with canned fruit.
In the same journal is told how sue
ressful orchardist in Illinois makes cider
vinegar. He puts the cider at once into
barrels, which are elevated to the Sec
ond story of the fruithouse. Upon the
approach of winter one-third the con-
tents of each barrel is removed and
placed in other casks FreezirS will
then not burst the barrels and frost
will hasten the vinegar making process.
When thawed out in spring, roll the
barrels over SO that the contents will be
thoroughly agitated then allow to
stand BY May or June almost every
barrel will contain excellent vinegar.
Do not expose to the frost vinegar al
ready made. BY placing the barrels in
the upper story the barrel worm, tho
caEs ct tIie vinegar maker. is ESCAPED
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
CARE OF SEED CORN.
1t Must Be Thoroughly Dried and Kept
So Until Used.

| 1t Must Be Thoroughly Dried and KEPT
So Until Used.
Every year at the beginning Of the
growing season we hear more or less
complaint that the stand of corn is moi
as good as it should be, and every yeal
there is more or less replanting. The
only requisites are careful selection o1
the corn intended for seed, with equally
careful preservation of it until seeding
time, says the Iowa Homestead, author
ity for the following:
The majority of farmers select seed
at husking time. Some make their Sc
lections earlier than this and some post
pone them until the seed is wanted and
then go out to the crib and get it. This
latter method is good way to get a
poor stand. There are some seasons fof
which it is bad way and others for
which it is very bad way, but there
are hardly any for which it is good or
even a passably fair way, and if any Of
our readers pursue it we earnestly urge
them to abandon 1t, and it cannot be
done too soon. But some who select seed
at husking time often sacrifice the ad.
vantage it would give them by not TAX
ing good care of the seed from that time
on. Husking time may or may not be a
good time to make the selection. If corn
has matured well and there has been no
freezing weather it answers very well.
If the grain and cob are filed with
moisture and cold snaps come, then il
does not answer so we'll It will occur
to the thoughtful that any method whose
results depend upon an "if" Of this
kind that is not within control should
not be praoticed.
But if the selection is made at husk-
ing time the best of care should be CIV
en- the seed ears They should be thor
oughly dried and kept SO until used.
Kiln drying or something approaching
it is the only method that is always
safe. Less attention may do in some
seasons, but in others it will not. Not
a few who are careful in this matter
store their seed ears in a room above
the kitchen where there is always fire,
and from which warm air passes by
way VI q I0S1SbSI Cut I1IOuSA bu0 CoA4-
ing Those who do this hardly ever
complain of poor stands in the spring.
We do not insist upon the. curing and
storage Of seed corn in any particular
way. Much depends upon what facili-
ties the farmer has or is able to provide.
We do urge, however, that the first
thing to do with seed corn after it has
been selected is to get it thoroughly
dry, and the next to keep it SO until it
is needed for planting.
Exposure to freezing weather when
damp will reduce the percentage of
grains that will germinate and injure
the yigor of the whole lot, and expo
sure to damp, muggy atmosphere and
followed by freezes will do the same
even though the seed has originally
been well dried.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
Fall Plouinr.

Tne advantages of fall plowing are
understood by the majority of farmers,
but SO are its disadvantages, which in
practical experience SO far outweigh the
advantages that there is far less fall
plowing than there used to be, - says
American Cultivator, authority also for
the following:
A great deal Of the exhaustiveness of
wheat growing is due to the fall plow-
ing that is required to grow either win
ter or spring wheat In either case the
surface soil lies exposed to winds and
rains, so that great part of the fertil-
ity that frost has made available is
either blown or washed away. Gar
deners continue to fall p1ow, but even
they regard it as wasteful practice,
though it does fit their soil for seed
bed as no amount of spring cultivation
without fall plowing could do. They
accomplish results, but it has to be at
the expenditure of enormous quantities
of manure, which average farmers who
grow only ordinary crops cannot afford.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
uow,s This

We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward
for any case of Catarrh that cannot be cur
ed by Halls Catarrh Cure.
F. j. Cheney C Co., Props, Toledo, o.
We, the undersigned, having known F.
j. Cheney for the last Is years, aud believe
him perfectly honorable in all business
transactions, and financially able TO carry
out any obligation made by their firm.
WEST & TRUAx, Wholesale Druggists, To-
ledo, o. Walding. Kinnan & Marvin,
Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, o.
Halls Catarlh Cure is taken internally,
acting directly upon the blood and mucous
surfaces of the system. Price 75c. per bot
tie. Sold by all Druggists. Testimonials
free.
Halls family Pills are the best.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
Those who Endure

The pains of rheumatism should be
reminded that cure for this disease may
be found in Hoods Sarsaparilla. The ex-
perience of those who have taken Hoods
SarsaparilIa for rheumatism. and have been
completely and permanently cured, prove
the power of this medicine to ront and COM
quer this disease. Hoods Sarsaparilla is
the One True Blood Purifier and it neutral
zes the acid which causes the aches and
pains of rheumatism. This is why it alb
solutely cures when liniments and other
outward applicationsNfaitt give permanent
relief. Be sure to get Hoods.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
snxar Production.

It is not long since the cane sugar
product of the world was twice that Of
the beet. Ten years ago the product of
each was nearly equal, that of cane
somewhat in excess Last year there
were of beet sugar 4, 77S, 900 tons, of
cane 2, 432, ,000-7, 200, 600 in all There
is 90 per cent more produced than in
1867, and the increase is all in beet
sugar, grown in Europe, in temperate
zone, where the cane cannot be grown.
We have a fine cane belt, along the
Mexican gulf from Florida to Texas,
and much larger territory admirably
adapted to the growth of the beet, but
we have been SO busy in attempting
Overproduction of cotton and wheat that
we have had no time to learn the eulti-
vation Of beets for sugar. Country
n
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18

New York, weekdays. *s.ls, *9.ss, ,t1O.N a. m.
*l2l9, .234 80 *5.2l, II Al, ali p. ni Sun
days, ssls 1888 *ll.24, a. m.*8.s9, .5.2l, y ii,
Philadelphia, weekdays, 1918. $50, $40.
La la;S5. 1872, 500, ts:S9 tlO24, Ii OS a. m.
illOO p. m. Sundays, ts.iS, 7.S5, $50. fSsS sS
s.l5 tlI.OO, p. m.
7s5 tsss tsoo, f9ss tl5.a4, & los I a.m 0aU tLsS 70
1884, 4.l0, l5.2l, $50 t7.4l, sI5, I'll 3. m. sun
days, tsls 7.ss, 8 20, 1889 tli.2i II "a a. m, @
fiani,e S9i1lS, III tS SsS a. dsi5 IieO
t2.A p. M, Sundays, u IS a. m.
Cape May, weekdays, M, t5.5O am, Sun
Baltimoreand Washington, weekdays. t4.ls
7l0.S35 I'll q a. n., lI257, l2O9 SO8, tzO7, i1E7
1918, u "a jill p: m. Sundays, t4.l8, 7.l0, fSS
q M, ii2.57, I2Os, s,04. t4.57, o. t9H p. m
Newark, Del, weekdays, t4.ls, 7.Io. 1888
IL q a.mtl257 so4, Il o.. t4.57, f6.is, 7s2s.iI
Sundays, t4ls, 7.lO. 1885 a. m. 1857 500
| l4:57, 7.S2 t9llp. m.
Pittsourg. week days. 1885, m 1918 p. M.
Chicago, daily, IS m si.57 D m.
Chicago, via cincinnati and indianapolis
1885 III daily.
Cincinnati AMI st. Louis, daily tts5 m
tlZ.5I, and y. ii m.
Toledo and Detroit, SOIL m daily to
New algy eSMespt sunday so Detroit
Chattanoogsl,s6I pm. daily. weekdays l,I
sundays Ihroug gIisicepers to Memphis and
Singeriy accommodation, daily 7.iO. a. M.
7.32 m. '1,
Landenburg accommodation, weekdays.
..iv =, IVY; - a. M, S.V4 4.oI, p m. Sundays 10
Leave Market Street Station for
Philadelphia. weekdays 8 so o m
baltimore. weekdays, q. is m 255 D. M
Landenburg and way stationS, week DAYS
q. m, 5. 10 D. m. 49,
g Leave Philadelphia, Chestnut street
5tatlon Tor Wilmington, weekdays, 1876, 6,l0
40 1900 9O0. tl0 60, u.SO, a. M, 1920
il,Sl, 200 t33 80, 20 40 IS Is, t5z2, 500, $780,
F3O, te .35, 1000 ILLS, p. m
Sunday. 1885, is,Oo, 900, lI.so M,
ffI2;so, T. u;T, 200, ti.2o. ISIS. 80. t7.s0
Telephone, 1888.
Rates to Western pointst lower Ian via any
other line.
D. B. MARTIN. Manager OF Passenger Trafic
w NJ. GREENE. General Manager.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18

Principles Governing the Intelligent Se-
lection of Seed For Sowing.
No farm practice yields more bene-
fetal results than the careful selection
Of seed With view to assisting be-
ginners are here appended some helpful
information from the last agriculture
year book:
The principles governing seed selec-
tion depend largely upon the kind Of
seed and the object of the crop, wheth-
er size, quality or earliness of the latter
is most desired 1t also makes some diff
ference whether the plants are to be
grown for forage or seed. Certain eli
mates, soils and fertilizers tend to seed
production rather than to vegetative
development, and plant may be culti-
waited and selected for its seed produc-
ing capacity until strain of seed is OBJ
tanned which tends to yield plants pos
sessing similar seed fertility. If quality
rather than quantity of crop be the OBJ
ject, the selection of seed must follow a
certain line in order to secure plants of
the desired characteristics
Seed may be selected according to its
origin, color, form considering espe:
cially whether it is plump or wrinkled),
size and weight, it being taken for
granted that the selection shall be made
only from sound, pure and germinable
stock 1t is thought by some that the
value of seed varies in certain cases ac-
cording to the part of the plant or fruit
from which it comes An experiment
made in Georgia with cotton showed
that the bottom bolls produced seed
which gave heavier, yield than that
from the upper bolls, the yield in the
former case amounting to 1,043 pounds
of seed cotton per acre as compared
with yield of 750 pounds in the lat
ter This was undoubtedly due to the
fact that the lower bolls contained
larger and heavier seed rather than be.
cause the seed came from certain part
of the plant
Many trials have been made of corn
selected from the tips and butts of the
ears Sometimes one and sometimes the
other kind of kernels give the best crop
1t is quite likely that this variation re-
suits from the difference in size and
weight of the different kernels taken
from the same ear In the case of the
parsley, carrot, parsnip and other um-
belliferous plants it is commonly sup
posed that the central stalk produces
the best seeds. This may be due to the
fact that such seeds are frequently
larger and heavier than those from the
lateral shoots
The degree of maturity of seed when
harvested is an important factor in de-
termining its value. Many experiments
have been made with immature seed,
resulting in the conclusion that such
seed produces, as general thing, smaller
and less vigorous plants Professor Golf
Of Wisconsin has shown that by the use
of immature tomato seed there is also
tendency to increased earliness in the
maturity Of the fruit. By means of con-
tinued seed selection, plants may be SO
developed as to show certain flavor,
capability Of resisting disease, general
hardness, earliness, superior content
of sugar, oil, starch. gluten, etc.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
Here and There.

Although not generally known, there
are peat bogs in various parts of Long
Island and New Jersey. These are most
ly small in extent, and the peat is sell
dom used for fuel owing to the fact that
coal and wood are more easily obtained
In almost all localities.
Considerable interest is shown in the
beet sugar factory at Rome, N. Y.
The varieties of tomatoes that sue
ceeded best at the New Hampshire sta
tion, named In order of productiveness,
are Early Michigan. Acme, Brinton
Best, Beauty Red Cross, Waldorf,
Fordhook First, Stone and County Fair.
In Rhode Island timothy and clover
have been greatly helped by lime.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18

government statlsEics give as me a..
erage cost Of raising an acre of wheat in
this country $l1.71 and varies from $40
in the eastern states to 81 in the south
and west.
Il has been estimated that the United
States wool crop of 1897 is 259, I53, 600
pounds against 272. .475, 900 pounds in
1895 and s94. 297, 900 pounds in 1895.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
Tile and STONE Drains.

A Maine farmer, writing to The Ma
tional Stockman, says:
Where circumstances favor more eff
fectiye drainage can be accomplished by
combining stone with tile. This is not
infrequently impracticable, but where
the soil to be drained is more OF less
stony the rocks can be readily disposed
of by placing them in the drain over the
tile and be of lasting benefit. A stone
drain well laid makes a very effective
drain, and if properly placed will do
good service for lifetime. It Is now
nearly or quite 40 years since 1 laid
stone drains on a small area of wet
land, and they are apparently as effect
i've now as when first laid. But such
drains are costly if one has to have the
stone to construct them; besides it re-
quires much more time in digging the
trench and in laying the drain. Also If
tile is to be topped with stone the ditch
should be of width sufficient at the bot
tom to admit Of laying the stone beside
the tile and bridge across with fat
stones SO arranged as not to press upon
the tile
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
To JacksonvilI est Augustine,

THE FLORIDA LINZ TED VIA THE SOUTHERN
RAILWAY TO BE REsUMED.-The Southern
Railway now operates two daily trains tC
Jacksonville and St. Augustine. and will
inaugurate third, the Florida Limited, in
January 1898. If you are going to Florida
at any season of the year you should ask
for tickets via the Southern Railway All
information can be obtained by writing
Jno. N. Beall. Dictrict Passenger Agent
1923 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
BRANCH RoAos.

DELAWARE, MARYLAND & VIRGINIA R. r.
Leave Harrington for Franklin City and wav
stations 1879 m weekdays, 6 81 m Tuesdays,
thursdays and Saturdays. Returning train
leaves Franklin City $50 a. NJ week days and
l.42 tuesdays, Thurs and Saturdays onl.
Leave Franklin City for Chincoteague (via
steaner) 43 p m. week days Returning
leave Chineoteague : AZ a. M, weekdays.
Leave Harrington for Georgetown and Iewes
at lO39 m ,6.37 p. m weekdays. Returning
leave Lewes 6-45 a. m-,3 ii p. M. weekdays
Leave Harrington for Berlin, 10 SO a. M week
days and 6.S7 p. m. Tuesdays, THURSDAYS and
saturdays. Returning, leave Berlin 6b7 a. m :.
week days and 2.43 p. m. Tuesdays, Thursdays
and saturdays
QUEEN ANNE 4 KENT r. R.-Leaye Townsend
for Centreville and way stations 9 70 a. M, and
D ~ M. week days Returning, leave Centre
vile q SO a. M. and II p. M, weekdays.
DELAWARE & CHESAPEAKE r. R-Leaye CLAW
ton for Oxford and way stations IS a. M. and
-! M, week days. Returning. leave Oxford
6.4' a. m, and l 40 p. M, week-days
CAMBRIDGE & SEAtoRD r. h.-Leave Seaford
for Cambridge and intermediate stations IL IL q
IA and IA p m week days. Returning, leave
Cambridge 6.:ta a. m. and 81 p. m. weekdays
CoNNEcTIoN.-At Porter, with Newark and
Delaware City Railroad. At Townsend with
Queen AnDe's & Kent Railroad. At Clayton
with Delaware & Chesapeake Railroad and
Baltimore & Delaware Bay Railroad AZ Har-
rington, with Delaware. Maryland & Virginia
Rallroad. AT Seaford, with Camb bridge u Seaford
Railroad. At Delmar, with New York, Phila,
delphia u Norfolk. Wicomico & Pocomoke. and
Peninsula Railroads
]. B. HUTCHIsoN. General Manager.
J. Il. WOOD. General Passenger Agent.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18

BANKS.
Peoples National Bank.-President, G. w,
w Naudain; Cashier, Geo. d. Kelley; Teller.
w. g. Lockwood. Bank Building ON East
Main Street.
Citizens National President, JoseTh h
Biggs; Cashier, John s.. Crouch; Teller, =.
Darlington. Bank Building on South Broad
Street.
SECRET SOCIETIES.
Middletown Council, No. 2, Jr. o. o. A. M.
Meets every. Monday uight in MeWhorter's
Hall at s O'Clock.
Union Lodge, No. s, A. F. & A. M. Meets
first Tuesday of each month in Town Hall.
Good Samaritan Lodge, No. 8, l. y. 0. f.
Meets every Thursday night in McWhorters
Hall at 8 o'clock.
Damon Lodge, No. II, K. of P. Meets every
Wednesday night in McWho9er's Hall at
Major John Jones Post, No. @, G. A. R.
Meets every Friday night in Reynolds Build
ing at o'clock
every second and fourth Friday night in X.
Union Lodge, No. 6, A. o.U. W., meetsevery
I'd and 4th Tuesday night in McWhorter's
Hall.
LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS.
Volunteer Hose Company, meets drst FRI
day night of each month in Hose House
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
a m. q m. q m. On

Daily. Daily except Sunday.
"a" Stops to leave passengers from WilminRS
ton and points north, or take passengers for
points south of Delnar
~ Stops only on notice to conductor or agent
"P" Stops to leave passer gers from points
ming and points north
Il" Stops to leave passengers from Middle
town and points SOUTH
"t'' Stops to let off passengers from Har-
rington points south.
Wilmington s.l3, ll.04, a m, 25l, AZ and
Do, p. M. week-da, Leave New Castle s.3l.
946, ll.t2 a. M, ~ and 35 p M, week
days.
Express trains leaving Harrington sos a. M.
and arriving at 63S D. M, wcek.days. run
through solid to and from Baltimore, via Porter
and Newark
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
The Reason We Can
Work So Cheap

Is because we have our own
Factory and do not have to
pay anyone a Commission
for doing work.
Middletown transcript., 1897-12-18
DnckMheat aTiddlines

Which is the cheaper grain for
cows, buckwheat middlings At 81 per