davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-01-12
RECEIVER ASKED FOR.
Application Filed Against the Western
Industrial Trust Co.

FoBr WORTH, Tex, Jan. l2.-Application
has been made by the Wichita Valley Railroad
Company asking for a recrivor for the West
crn Industrial Company. Liabilities sl50,SSj:
assets, si50,00e.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-01-12

Chicora. Pa. Herald Richard Vensee
reports one Minute Cough Cure che greatest
srcccss OF medical science. RE told us thnt ~
cured his whole family OF terrible coughs and
colds. after oil other 20 called cures had failed
entirely. Mr.. vcnscl said IL assisted his
children through very had siege OF measles.
ono Minute Cough Cure makes expcctoration
very cnsy ant rapid.
JD.oph :. JohnFon's Pharmacy. 81 West
minister strict: Meizgcr's pharnacy,.D North
Main stree: klfrcd's Pharmacy. u EDDY
strcct Joseph Driver. Riverside Pharmacy,
s. Maptos avenue
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-01-12
j. A. LATHAM.
CIVIL ENGINEER AND SURVEYOR.
q, wEYBossEr ST. tsvarts' riook.l
RELIEF rs SIX Horns.

Distressing kidrrr rrrri bisririrr rtsca.cs re-
heved i'm six hours by tho "NrM GUAR
SoUTH AMERICAN kidney CUHr" This new
remedy IL "A great surprise on account of its
exceeding promptness In relieving pain in ile
bladder, kidneys, back AID every part of ths
urinary passages in male female. it re-
lievcs retention of water and pnin IN passing
n almost immediately. II you want quick lc-
lief and cure this l. your refnOdv. Sold by
Blauding A Blanding druggists, Providence,
r. 1. % and Is Woybpssei street.
dls.tu.th- sat-sf
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-01-12
TATE or ONO. CRY or ToLfDo, }
I.Ir1As f'pIT NVN

TATE or ONO. CRY oF ToLfDo,
Lucas COUNTY.
FRANg J. CHENEY makes oath that he is the
senior partner of The firm OF y, j. CHENEY &
Co., doing business in the City OF Toledo
County and state aforesaid, and that said firm
will pay the sum % ONE HUNDRED DOL
LARS for each and cycry casc 81 Ca;arrh that
cannot be- cured by the use OF HANS ca.
TAHHu CURr.
FRANK !. CHENEY
sworn 10 bCfo.c me aud slbscribei ir nv
pr'~ncc. this 9th cav OF Dccombcr. A. D.
isf.
sEm A. "; No,at. GLEASSolSil S,1lil.
H.ll'a Caiarrh Cure l. tSicn internally and
ncf- directly on iio boJi ard mucous sur
fa-cs Of The system, send Q testimonials.
free. y J. CHENEY a Co, Toledo q
st sold by druggists, 15c
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-01-12
PROVIDENCE BOARD OF TRADE.

Providence, X. l., january 9, ls9l.
The twenty ninth Annual Meet ng Of this
organization "for the choice OF officers and the
transaction OF other business will be he d On
WEDNESDAY. JANUARY %, 1851. at IL
o'clock.
FREEMAN p. LITTLE, Secretary.
A large attendance IS rogucsied. jall.st
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-01-12

general. George Washington got along
Ia bis first administration with but Que
change in his ca binet.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-01-12
Much in Little

h especially true of Hoods Pills. for no mcdi.
cIlc ever contained so great curative power In
90 smsIl space. They are a whole medicine
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-01-12

Specialist. Eye. Ear, uatnrrh and Chronic
Diseases 80 years in Providence. New
Fletcher Building, PIP Union Street.
Hours TO u; 9 to 5. Consultation free
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1897-01-12

Hoods s
!:,:; ;s::: :::::. ,;:s:' ;:':' :. !: 4 Pills
q fever. crre al liver Ills
- headache. iaundicc. constipation. etc &c.
~ on1y rms 10 take with Hoods sarsVarillA
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03

The House 10 in Q daily turmoil over
the refusal OF Speaker Reed to appoint
committees. The other day Jerry slmp
son had a wordy var with q few ofthe
republican members. The following is
a portion Of the debate:
"We must come" said Mr.. Simpson
ito the committee on rules as sppli'
Giants. Over $500 bills have been in
troduced at this session, 1865 for the
relief Of the old soldiers. The repub-
liCans," said he, 'Clslm to be the es-
peclal guardians Of the old soldier.
Why don't they consider these meas
uresi Then, there is the bankruptcy
bill, for the passage Of which there
is q great demand throughout the
country"
SIS there any greater demand now
than there was IN the last congress~
interrupted MIR. Watson (ROp. Pay.
"This is" reported Mr.. Simpson,
''because the prosperity you promised
has not materialized and the people
now seek the relief you promised the
tariff would give them through the
bankruptcy courts" (Laughter).
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03
judicial Committee Meeting
OpERLIN, RAs, May q, '97.

The Peoples Party Judicial Com
mittee Of the 18th Judicial District of
Kansas, met in session in the court
house In Oberlin, Friday May q, 1897,
at 8 o'clock p. IN, pursuant to the call
Of the chairman, W. W. Mettler.
The committee was called to order
by Chairman W. W. Mettler of Raw
Inns county, a majority of the com
mittee being represented, the follow
ing business was transacted;
1t was decided TO hold a delegate
convention at o rerlin, Kansas, Thurs
day, June Gath, 1897, at 2 o'clock p,
M, for the purpose Of nominating a
candidate for Judge of the 18th judi
cial district of Kansas.
The basis of representation was
fixed at one delegate for each 100
votes or major fraction thereof cast
for Honorable W. e. Bush for Sec
rotary Of State.
The counties will be entitled to the
following representation in such con.
ventlon, tO-wit;
Phillips county, Is delegstesj Nor
ton county, IL Delegates Decatur
county, 10 delegates; Rswlins county,
8 delegates; Cheyenne county, 8 dele
gates, total as.
There being no further business,
the COMMITTEES adjourned to meet sub
iect TO the call Of the chairman.
W. w. METTLER, Chairman.
DAN HART, Secretary.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03
Electric Bltters.

Electric Bitters is q medicine suited
for any season, but perhaps more gen.
eTally needed when the languid, ex-
hausted feeling prevails, when the liver
is torpid and sluggish and the need ot
tonic and Alternative is felt, Aprompt
use Of this medicine has often ayerted
long and perhaps fatal bilious feVers
No medicine will act more surely 10
coupteracting and freeing the system
from the malarial poison. Headache,
indigestion, constipation, dizziness yield
to Electric Bitters. SOC and $1.00 per
bottle OF James g. Co.'S drug store. /
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03
Poor Conway.

Yesterday a freight train ran over
our feelings. It was on the Rock Is
land A temperance state, but surely
q temperance city; JET, chat train
contained q car whose sides were
adorned with painting Of big beer
bottles, fOaming sChoonsrs, and such
labels as ''beer car, cold storage" etc.
and aS the toaming memories bub-
bled through our brain We struggled
up street as dry as Squire Olliver's
humor, splitting white cotton on the
hot sidewalk and on our Vest.-NOr-
ton Champion.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03

JUDGE A. O. T. GR1aER held a two
days session Of court in Atwood this
week, commencing Monday. The most
Of the cases were laid over until the
November term. No Jury trials were
tried. Judge Geiger is one Of the
best courts sitting in the state Of
Kansas. For nearly four years he
has held court in the Itch and in
all that time no one has assailed his
ability or integrity. His decisions are,
in the great majority, sustained by
the supreme court when carried up.
he is one Of the ablest lawyers in
Kansas and is a thoroughly educat-
ed man Of excellent decorum. Mr.
Geiger has many friends who would
much regret to see him leave the
'bsnch. -AttCoOd Patriot.
No danger Brother Patriot, as
Judge Geigsr will be renominated
by reclamation, and elected by 9
majority almost as great ss the
4otal vote.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03

Coal OPERATOR SoMERs Of Staunton
has offered q reward of $50 for the
names Of the persons who placed a
campaign picture Of Mckinley along
side one of his notices OF reduction Of
wages. A finger pointing to the no.
tiCe extends across the Mckinley
picture, and the words: "This is
what we voted for last fslp were
written over it. The miners are on
q strike against the reduction OF
wages from 81 to AZ cents.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03
township Caucus.

There will be q caucus of the peo-
Piles party voters of Phillipsburg
township at the court house in Phil
lipsburg, on Saturday, June 10, at
3 o'clock p. m, for the purpose of
electing FIVE delegates and five alter
mates to the county convention to be
held in Philhpsburg on the 21st day
Of June, 1897, to elect delegates to
the judicial convention. Anew town
ship committee will be elected at the
same time.
F. Q. JOHNSON, com
w. Fl. KINaRY, ~
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03

TIE biennial report Of Heal Consul
NorthCOtt OF the M. W. A., show that
during the past seven years the MEM
bership had increased from 10000 to
100000; average age decreased from
1856 to 1915 years; cost Of manage
ment from $1.62 to 81 cents; at pres
emit $55O,0ONOOO insurance in forces
1918 new certificates written; l.
$4,000 new camps organized.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03

The senator from South Carolina,
John McLaurin, who succeeded the
late Senator Earl, has been sworn IN.
This establishes the personnel of the
senate as it will remain for some time,
viz: Republicans, "A; democrats, 81
pOpulists, Z; silver republicans, 4; va
Cancy, / Oregon; total, 80.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03

How is this Brother Roget The
national debt increased $463,2l5 dur
ing the month Of May. Wheat that
reached 81 last month, yesterday was
quoted at 80 cents, while mixed corn
went at 19t Cents.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03
cam Eor county CONVENTION.

A delegate convention Of the Peoples Party
viii be held In the city Of PhillipsbuIg ON Mon
day, June 2lst, at II o'clock q. m, for the pur-
pose Of electng fifteen delegAteB and fifteen
SltornAtes 10 represent Phillips county at the
Judicial Convention 10 be held at Oberlln, Kan
aas, June "a.
delegate at large from each township, and one
delegate for each thirty Voten or major fraction
thereof, cast for Hon. q. II. Turner ut the cleo
ton OF 1875.
The several townships are entitled to repre-
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03
OUR WEALTH in AGRICULTURE.

We give below statement from the rolls prepared by County ek
Thornton showing comparison between the agricultural statistics OF this
county for years 1897 These figures taken from the as
SCISSORS townships and while not absolutely correct
ara near for the intended
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03

JUST think of i'll Here we are with
another campaign on hand.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03

THAT "Cuban Refugees" has been
run out Of Kansas and is now doing
the Nebraska towns.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03


A new county committee will be elected, and 1t
10 also recommended that the township CAucuseS
DO held not later than tho 10th Of June.
F.C. JOHNSON, Chairman.
VIII. KINGERY, Secretary.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03
Letter to the jamestown, IN. ~ sun.

"Busti, Chautauqua Co., N. "
Editor SUM- consider 1t duty to make
the following statement; One year ago last
April became afflicted with Kidney disease.
l employed one Of the most experienced ply
slcians, and frequently rode to his Ofie0
braced up with pillows. I obtained no per-
manent relief. / was
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03

The Chairmen and secretaries OF various county
conventions are requested TO send list OF deie
gates elected TO Dan Hart, secretary OF Judicia
Committee Norton, Kaneas, Immediately Attel
the county conventions arc held.
w. W. METTLER, Chairman.
DAN HART, Secretary,
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03
Reduced TO a mere Skeleton.

Ny father, Jacob johnson, of Ellery, died Of
the same disease three years ago and be-
gan to think there Was little hope for me.
Finally I began the use OF Dr. FenpeF's
Kidney and Backache Cure and 1t helped me
from the start. My digestion improved, the
Soreness left my sides and back, and took
healthy muscle ca ana e %6nr FES ,1 bottles
"'''T'''S' V''''' TRUMAN II. JOHNSON"
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1897-06-03
THURSDAY, MAY 20, 1897.
Call For Judicial Convention.

A delegate convention Of the Peoples Party Of
the 18th Judicial District VIII 90 held ~ tne Cit
OF OberlIn, Kansas, Thursday June oath, 1897, at
O'Clock D. m. for the purpose Of nominating
candidate for Judge OF the 18th Judicial District.
The various counties will be entitled TO the fol-
lowing representation a.
Phillips 10 nort9n.' ''''''''''' -
Decatur .,.,,,.,,..' ~ haWuhs ''''''''''''"
N"O'0"A' '''' Total .,,46
The morning times., 1897-02-14
BISHOP POTTER ON. WEALTH.
He Talks Rather Plainly About a
Topic of Current Interest.

"Great wealth." says Bishop Potter, lis
great power. Leaving out OF sight, for
the time being. its possible effects upon it's
possessor, it is still, with reference 10
o.herpeople, a very ydangeTOuspower. Such
pIobverbs as Every man has hisprice' may
be false-thank God, they are! But they
could not exist and find such wide accept
ance if they had rot in them a consider
able element of truth. And when once
that is admitted, il follows plainly that he
who possesses in some huge degree the
the power of corruptng his fellow men CON
tIols an extremely dangerous force. This
istrue, moreover. whether we regard every
man as Il puIChaSable creature or whether
we merely regard society as corruptible s
Whole. For II does not need that men
and women should be bought for some evil
PURPOSE 10y money in order To be corrupted
by it, a much ore subtle and more gen
eral form of corruption is that which
reaches Gown from the vices ana extraya-
gancics of the rich to these who are below
them in the scale of wealth.
- Did you ever notice. said some one,
the faces OF domestic servants in great
houses-how sodden and sensual, how fur
tive <nd disingensouS, how vicious ana un-
Wholesome the eyoftenbecome? What max es
it so?'
And the questioner answered his own
inquiry by saying that when one served all
the while people who were stepped in lux
ury, 1.-The busy idleness, Us an old English
dramatist wrote, and careless and prndigaI
in every selfish expenditure, 1t was inn
possible but that he should eaten the dis
ease himself
Now, l do not see how anybody who has
great wealth, and whose habit is one OF
large and loose expenditure. can dismiss
that aspect of this subject without pro-
found mental concern. II is most painful
consideration, or ought TO be, to any right
minded persons, that their needless ard
selfish use of moneyis corrupting the very
The morning times., 1897-02-14

air which'is breathed by their fellow land
the amable sophistry that luxury and ex-
travagance put moneyin circulation, and so
promote beneficent expenditure becomes,
in the face of our modern civilization, with
its complex and tremendous social prob
lens, simply monstrous impertinence.
Let me forestall any gratuitous sneer
by the disciples of the Manchester doc
trine' of social science, by saying that I
have not the smallest intention of advocat-
ing any system of promiscuous doles, or
free-soup houses, or Gen. Booths 'harbors,'
or any other future contribution to the
greater degradation of the poor. But IL
ought not TO be necessary TO tell any rich
man who honestly desires to be told, how
he can wisely employ money to promote
art, to beautify mems homes and natural
ly, and, IL he chooses, pre-eminently, his
own, and so do that which will make mems
lives brighter, and the guests under his
roof or at his table, more happy, without
spending money in ways that are wanton
in the prodigality of their profuseness and
only wasteful in the essentially cheap and
perishable character Of their results"
The morning times., 1897-02-14

Chunky Riley they stood on the top of a
hill
Look yonder!'' said Aaron Away to
the left red light glimmered family.
What dat?'' asked the superstitious
negro.
The light in the Little Masters VIM
dow
How come it SO red, DEM" inquired
Chunky Riley.
Red curtain,' replied Aaron, ourtly.
well, de Lord hep us! Is we dat
close?' cried Chunky Riley.
Your way is there" said the Son Of
Ben Ali. This is mine''
The negro stood watching Aaron until
his tall form was lost in the darkness.
Go be continued
The morning times., 1897-02-14
PHOESIX AND JEFF DAVIS.
"reminiscences of One of the Secre-
taries of War.

"reminiscences of One of the Secre-
taries of War.
(FTom the Boston Herald)
George II. Derby, better recognized by
his nom de plume OF John Phoenix, was
native of Medfield, of this State Mr..
Joseph A. Alien, OF that town, has lately
prepared memorial paper OF him, which
has been read before the Medfield His
torlcal Society. Derby, it Will he re-
membered, was captain in the Regular
Army OF the United States. He was a most
lnveterate wag, aud anecdotes Of his jokes
are plentiful. Mr. Allen has found one
which We think will be new To most of the
prese ut Sener alton. He relates it as
follows:
When jefferson Davis was Secretary
OF War, i'll 1853, he issued orders to all
army officers, asking Of them specifi-
cations for new uniform. Phoenix,
who was a good draughtSman, set to
work, and he produced u design. He
made no great Change III the nnifOrm,
but lie proposed to revolutioniZe the en-
tire system OF modern tactics by iron
hook, To he attached to the seat of every
soldiers pants; it applied to every arm
of the service-cavairy, infantry and nr-
ti!lery. He illustrated it's use by d Sc
ries OF well-executed designs lie quoted
high medical authority, proving its adj
Yantdges in q sanitary point OF view
The heavy knapsack, he argued, induced
a STOPPING position, and very great
contraction OF the chest, but hung on the
hook, by strap connecting with the
shoulder, it would brace the body back
and expand the chest. The cavalry We're
To he rendered more secure in their seats,
hooked to a ring in the saddle.
All the commissioned officers were TO
carry a light, 2O-foOt pole, with ring
attached 10 the end, to he used during an
engagement in drawing the stra ggiers back
into the ranks He illustrated a terrific
battle, the generals and Colonels being
thus occupied hauling back the Stragglers.
In many other ways did he expatiate on
the value of his hook. jefferson Davis
was enraged. is dignity was wounded,
and the service insnlted He instantly
made out an order directing Phoenix to
be Court-martialed for contempt.
Marcy, then Secretary of State, was made
aware of the transaction ana OF the cloud
hanging over Phoenix. He looked over the
plates. He saw h regiment, their backs
toward him, drawn up in line, knapsaeks,
blankets and all manner of camp equipage
pending from each soldier, on the hook.
Marcy broke down. Said lie To Davis:
Its no use TO court martial this man.
The matter will he made pubiic, the laugh
Will settle entirely OF us; and, besides, a
man who has the inventive ingenuity ho
here displays, as We'll as this faculty Of
design, lily directed though it be, is too
valuable to the service to be tufled with
John Phoenix was not brought to grief
and Davis anger was at length sufficiently
moliliied for him to ENJOY the joke. II
does not appear, no reyer. thatthcy adopted
Phoenix plan. Dcrby's paper, with the
illustrations, is on fife at Washington.
The morning times., 1897-02-14

open mouth Chunky Riley caught vague
glimpse of him in the darkness, gave one
wild yen, leaped into the air, and came
down a-straddle of tile Grunter's back
This was more than the White Pig had
bargained for. He answered Rleys yeIl
withaloud squeal, and wenttearng through
the swamp TO the place where Aaron dwelt.
The big owl hooted, Rambler howled, and
Jack tile Lantern threw down his torch
and fled. The Swamp that thad been angered
was amazed and frightened. What demon
was this that had seized the White Grunter
and was carrying linn off? What could
the rest hope for if so fierce creature as
the White Pig could be disposed Of in this
fashion? Even Aaron was alarmed at the
uproar, for Chunky Riley continued to yell,
and the White Pig kept up / is squeailhg.
1t was well that the Grunter, when he
came to Aaron's place, ran close enough to
a tree to rub Chunky Riley off lis back,
otherwise there is no telling what would
have happened 1t was well, too, that
Chunky Riley called loudly for Aaron when
he fell. otherwise he would have been made
mincemeat OF, for as soon as the White Pig
was relieved of his strange burden his
anger rose fiercer than ever, and he came
charging at Chunky Riley, who was lying
prone on the ground, too frightened TO DO
anything more than to try 10 run to q tree
on all-fouTs. Aaron spoke sharply to the
White Fig.
"shallI use club on you, White Grunter?
Shall | make bacon of you? You heard
him call my name
The White Pig paused. His small eyes
glittered in the dark, and Chunky Riley
heard his tuSks CRATE oninously. He knew
the creature was foaming with rage.
"Ooft! Your name, Son OF Ben ALP"
The morning times., 1897-02-14
THE GREATER NEW YORK.
Some Statistics Showing How Big
City 1t VIII Re.

Some Statistics Showing How Big
City 1t VIII Re.
Much has been written concerning Great
er New York but few have any concep-
ton how great a city it will be Only Lon
don will exceed il in population, wealth and
business. Its area Will be 306 square
miles, or 195, $40 acres 1t will have an
estimated population of 3,430 900 lis
bonded debt Will be S216.471 ,593 It's an
nual tax budget VIII exceed $50 600 900
The assessed value of its real estate (New
York, Brooklyn ana Staten Island) will
amount to S2,307 ,09l 900. Its parks
and park lands viii comprise 1886 acres,
not counting several noted roadways such
as the Harlem Speedway and the Coney
Island boulevard, which are under park
control.
1t will contain sixt y-four monuments and
statues, including Grants tomb. to be
dedicated next April 1t will have forty
eight cemeteries, comprising 1900 acres,
and containing silent population OF 4, 900 :
900. Its public schools will contain 326,-
600 pupils and 1882 teachers. Its police
force will aggregate $500, and its fire
men 2,125. New York and Brooklyn alone
have 2, SO miles OF streets and 991 miles
of sewers. The capacity of the water
works will be 503,700, 900 gallons and the
miles of water mains will number 1878.
Within this mammoth city Will be 1903
churches, with 720,771 Pensioners and
| 500, 600 Sunday school scholars. The sit
ting capacity OF the churches is 469,159
The aggregate value OF church property is
&6S.71S 600 There will be sixty-tbree
libraries, containing 1924, 900 volumes,
thirty art galleries, fifty-four theaters,
with a seating capacity of 5000, eleven
halls for music and oratory, with a seat
ing capacity of $4,000, eighty-one clubs of
established social standing, having 4S 900
members, two big universities, and ninety
three other educational institutions.
There will he liz hotels within the CITY.
not to mention several thousand Raines
law ''hotels." The city will have seven
bridges across the Harlem and one across
the East River Another East River bridge
has been started and one across the North
River is projected. There are thirty three
different ferries. The forty-five lines Of
street railway carry 792, 900 900 pas
sengers every year over 464 miles of track
There will be upward of sixty exchanges
and other commercial organizations. There
are Els banks and banking institutions
in New York and Brooklyn alone, and the
clearings of the clearing house aggregate
| SIS, 100000 a year. The big city will
transact considerable more than one half
the foreign commerce of the country
Philadelphia Public Ledger.