davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Color of Stamps to be Changed.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 1.-THE Sec
retary of the Treasury and the Post
master General, after consultation
with the President, have decided to
change the color of the current 2-cenr
postage stamps from carmine to
green. of the shade now used on gov
ernment notes. The 10-cent postage
stamp. which is now printed in green.
will be changed to some other color.
possibly carmine 1t is thought that
green is a more desirable color than
carmine, besides saving the Govern
ment about $4,000 in the difference
in cost between the two inks.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Granted a Rehearing.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 1.-THE
Supreme Court has granted the hear
ing of a writ of review in the case of
DR.. Charles G. Kuhlman, who was or
dered imprisoned for contempt in not
testifying before Coroner Hawkins on
his summons. The writ is returnable
in twenty days. The petitioner alleges
that the Superior Court never gained
jurisdiction over him, and that the
sentence of the court is void.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
A NEGRO SHOT.
Receives a Bullet Fired by a Con-
stable

SAN JOSE, Sept. 14.-Henry John
son, q negro, narrowly escaped death
this afternoon from a bullet fired by
Constable r. B. Spaulding at Palo Alto
Johnson was beating his way on the
railroad, and after being arrested at
Palo Alto made a break for liberty
Spaulding's bullet caught Johnson in
the groin, but the wound is not serious
The citizens of Palo Alto are greatly
excited over the affair, and thirty
prominent citizens have signed a pc
tition requesting the resignation of
Constable Spaulding. The signers
claim that the officer was not justified
in shooting the negro, and that the
office Of Constable has not been run
for the public good, but for all the
revenue that could possibly be made
out of it.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
TOOK HIS OWN LIFE.
A Former French Vice-Consul
Commits Suicide.

NEW YORK. Sept. 14.-Paul de
Pierre, formerly Vice-Consul of the
French Republic at New Orleans, killed
himself in his apartments here to-day
by inhaling Illuminating gas.
De Pierre had intended to end his
life yesterday, and in preparation for
suicide wrote a letter Sunday night.
which was seen by his daughter Gabri-
ellie, Il years of age. The girl dissuaded
her father from the act at that time
The news of Pierre's conduct reached
the office of the insurance COMPANY by
which he was employed and he was
suspended, and this brought on a recur-
renee Of his melancholy.
De Pierre had not lived happily with
his second wife, who left him about a
year ago.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
May Have Running Races.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept 14-At 4
meeting of the Directors of the Pa
cific Coast Trotting Horse Breeders
Association, held to-day, a committee
was appointed to consider the advisa-
bility of adding running races to the
programme of the meeting to be held
at Oakland from September 9th to
October I'd. The plan is to have tie
running races between the heats of
the trOtting events. No purses less
than $500 will be offered.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Going to Dawson City.

SEATTLE, Sept 14.-John f. Ian
caster, representative of the Chicago
Alaska Gold Mining Company, is in
the city making preparations for a..
winter overland trip to Dawson City.
Mr.. Lancaster will leave Seattle Oc-
tober 10th with a party of ten men and
10000 pounds Of provisions. He will
have a team of twenty dogs, and says
he expects to enter Dawson with col
ors flying in the heart of winter.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Chances Good for Going to Prison.

SANTA CRUZ, Sept. 14-Judge
Smith has refused to grant a certifi-
cate of probable cause in the case Of
George F. Plyler, convicted of may
hem. and unless the certificate is
granted by the Supreme Court Plyler
will be taken to San Quentin at the ex-
piration of twenty-five days. The
time for the trial of NJ. Schoedde. also
accused of mayhem, will be set next
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Chinese Woman Brutally Beaten.

SANTA ROSA, Sept 14.-Because a
Chinese woman demanded her savings
from an amateur banker named on
Lung this afternoon, the custodian of
the girls savings beat his depositor
over the head with a mug, cutting open
her skull. The police stopped the pun
ishment just in time to save the wom-
ans life.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Case of Ex-Auditor Hall.

SANTA ROSA, Sept. 1.-THE trial
of the suit of Sonoma County against
ex-Edltor Hall and his bondsmen to
recover So, 600 on account of an alleged
missing fee book connected with the
Auditors office, was begun in the Su
perior Court here this afternoon. The
case is being tried before Judge Man
non of Mendocino County who is pre-
siding at the request of Judge Bur
nett, who, having been formely of
counsel in the case, is disqualified.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Death From Natural Causes.

Los ANGELES, Sept. 14.-An in
quest was held to-day by the Coroner
over the remains of Mrs. L. Simpson,
upon the request of her daughter, Mrs
Lille Jordan. who had been informed
that her mother had been poisoned.
The jury returned veriet of death
from natural causes.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Oil Companies at War.

LOS ANGELES, Sept. 14.-The Stan
dard Oil Company will, on Monday next
begin a war of determination against
the Puente Oil Company throughout
the towns contiguous to Los Angeles.
The daily output of the Puente Com
pany is about 800 barrels, for which
they at present have an easy market.
The company has declared its ability to
meet all cuts made by the Standard
Company.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
A Schooner Launched.

EUREKA, Sept. 1.-THE three-mast-
ed schooner Wawona was launched at
Fair Haven to-day, being the second
ship built this season at Bendixsen's S
yards. The Wawona will enter the
coasting lumber trade. Her gross ton
mage is 46S, with a capacity of 800,
coo feet of lumber.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Creede viii Ca Sc.

Los ANGELES. Sept. 1.-THE
Creede will case was to have come UP
in Judge Clark's department Of the SUI
perior Court this morning. Neither
side was ready to proceed, however, and
the hearing was continued until Sep
ternber Odd
The record-union., 1897-09-15

Colonel Young estimates the number
of buffalo at twenty-four, and that
they seem to be the only game which
is not increasing under Government
protection.
Colonel Young estimates $780, 900 as
necessary for next years improvement
in the park.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Gold in Shasta County.

REDDING, Sept. 1.-THE recent
gold strike eleven miles from Castella
is creating some local excitement. The
ledge is fourteen feet wide. and the ore
is said to be rich. This is new min
ing section, which has been little pros
pected.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
A Bather Drowned.

HEALDSBURG. Sept 14.-Frank
Mcdowell of Elmira. Soano County,
was drowned in the Russian River this
afternoon while bathing with two
friends, who We're unable to rescue
their companion, because of the swift
ness of the current.
The record-union., 1897-09-15

asking that Postmaster General Gary
and Assistant Postmaster General
Heath be enjoined from removing him
from Office.
Judge Cox's decision was an elab-
crate statement of the law. He holds
that it was not within the power of a
court of equity to grant matters of
appointment He stated that it was
settled law that the power of re-
moval was an incidental power of ap-
pointment, and that both could be ex-
ercised by the head of a department in
reference to subordinate officials.
Concerning the civil service law,
Judge Cox held that it must not be
construed to grant authority, either to
the Civil Service Commission or to the
President, to make rules contrary to
the law itself or Of legislative char
acter He quoted with approval the
decision of Justice Brewer that Con-
gress could not delegate it's power to
legislate to any administrative.
The decisions sums up as follows:
THE real issue is whether the rules
involved by the complainant whether
the President of the commission or
both be the authors of them, are such
as the civil service law authorized to
be established. In my judgment they
are void. [ have no doubt that the
President may lay down rules for the
internal policy of his administration.
The enforcement of such rules is a
matter between the President and his
Cabinet, and not a matter for the
courts, or one in which the complain
I
mean to state in this opinion is that
the rules were not such as the Civil
Service Act authorizes, and do not de-
rive any efficacy from that Act.
know nothing more important to the
interests of the country and the policy
which the civil service legislation
sought to initiate and to promote To
sum up, I conclude that apart from the
Civil Service Act, the Postmaster Cen
eTal had the authority to remove the
complainant from Office at his pleasure;
that this law makes no change in
this respect, except to forbid removal
for refusal to contribute to partisan
objects. The power given to the
commission and to the President to
establish rules to carry that Act into
effect does not authorize any rule
which shall make a change in the law
in this respect, and consequently that,
even if this court had jurisdiction in
a case like this present one, the COM
plainant is not entitled to the relief
prayed for
PROBABLY FATAL RIOT
PITTSBURG, Sept. 1.-THE Darr
mine, on the Youghiogheny River, op-
Grated by Osborne & Saeger of Cleve-
land, Ohio, was the scene of a riot to-
day which will probably result in the
death of at least one man. The ma
chine diggers started to work on Mon
day, and to-day a mob of diggers who
We're opposed to the men working
gathered at the pit to give the workers
a hot reception when they came out of
the mine. AS the miners began coming
out they were stoned back into the pit,
and several shots were fired into the
pit mouth after the retreating men.
One man whose name cannot be
learned, more daring than the rest,
ventured into the open, and was stoned
numerically. He will probably die
from the effects of the abuse.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
WOOD LOSES HIS CASE.
Judge Cox Decides Against the
Kentuclv Official.

WASHINGTON Sept. 14.-Judge
Cox of the Supreme Court of the Dis
.trict of Columbia to-day dismissed the
the bill Of complaint of John G. Wood.
Superintendent Of Mails at Louisville
The record-union., 1897-09-15
A Redding Murder Trial.

REDDING, Sept 1.-THE second
trial of Frank A. Lewis for the murder
of William Farrell, his brother-in-law,
commenced to-day before Judge Swee-
ney. Lewis was convicted two years
ago of manslaughter.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Condition of the Treasury.

WASHINGTON. Sept. 14-To-day's
statement of the condition of the treas
ury shows: Available cash balance,
SIG. IL, ,2o6; gold reserve. S146. 145. .915.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
Mexieo's Ex-Empress Very III.

BRUSSELS. Sept 14-Charlotte. an
ex-Empress of Mexico, is so dangerously
i'll that her death is feared at any mo-
ment-
The record-union., 1897-09-15

Senator German says he cannot be in
duced to talk politics during vacation.
He prefers to withhold his remarks un-
til the funeral party has assembled.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
M'KINLEY MEETS
WITH HIS ADVISERS,
The Cabinet Members Hold an In
portant Session.
Several Topics Of National Interest Were
Discussed.

Secretary Long the Only One Who
Was MISUNDERSTANDING Of War
Alger Says He Has Received an
Opinion From the Attorney
General Authorizing Him tc
Proceed With Work at San Pc
dro Karbor.
The record-union., 1897-09-15
TROOPS ARE
STILL ON DUTY.
No Serious Trouble Yesterday in
the Strike Regions.
Militia viii Remain on Guard Until the
Trouble Has Passed.

Although Some Attempt Was
Made by Strikers to Make De-
monstrations, They Were Fee
bic in Character and the Great
Majority of the Men Were Do
ciIe.
The record-union., 1897-09-15

Hill's f1ancee had to be supported from
the court room. Hill is but IS years Of
age.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-06-09
81 per Annunl, in Advance

northwest, from those districts so Of
ten visited with famines resulting in
| the death of thousands; brought them
1 200 or 1900 miles settled them on the
through the forest; raised enormous
embankments through the swamps;
built towns; erected costly public
buildings, court houses, churches,
etc, and in 1881 that Province held a
population of 100000 souls (92 to the
square mile), who depended entirely
upon tea for their support, who owed
all that they had entirely to tea; who
sent their teas to market; and receiv-
ed their own food in the holds of
twenty steamers whose aggregate
tonnage amounted to twelve thousand
tons a people who in less than forty
years had planted and brought to ma
turity 100000 acres of tea gardens at
a cost of forty millions of dollars;
whose annual crop valued nearly thir-
ty-eight millions, and who were in SO
flourishing a condition that the gov
ernment revenue exceeded the eXpens-
es by $685.
The Lobas Question.-The fact that
in Asia the cost of labor is so small,
in Assam nine cents a ay, is used
by people who have not studied the
subject as a complete proof that we
cannot grow tea as a commercial in
dustry; that our high-priced labor
debars us from attempting to compete
with the easterners. It is with the
full belief that this conclusion is COM
pletely wrong that the writer COM
menced this account of the industry
in which he was engaged for twelve
years, in more than one of the Indian
tea districts
Their are many things in which we,
here in America, have a great advan-
tage over the Indian and other east
ern planters, and which are sufficient
to discount this item of cheap labor;
one item, which is of very great i'm
portance, and which we would not
wish to underrate, but still one which
is not everything. We will briefly men
tion the most important of these, COM
pairing our positions with that of the
Indian planters as more suited to a
comparison; and also because, while
Indian teas are increasing in popu-
larity, China teas are decreasing, as
is evident from the fact that from
1875 to 1880, while the imports to
England of China teas decreased nine
teen and three-quarter millions of
dollars, those from India during the
SINE perioad increased seven millions
of dollars, and Ceylon and other dis
tricts were also on the increase.
Labor Requirements in India.-The
buildings, fences, bridges, etc., are
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-06-09

which passes through a 14-mesh i:
broken tea; the tea which remains
from a 1O-mesh is very coarse. Fam
are used to separate the large leaves
which have not taken a twist in roll
ing, and which can easily be removed
by blowing as the tea passes through
the sieves. All this is now done by
machines; formerly boys did it by
hand, and a large force of them was
required for the purpose.
Packing.-It now only remains tc
retire the teas and pack when quite
hot in alright boxes. 1t should be
stated that the handling and friction
in sorting removes much of the gloss
and down of the tea, reducing it to
the gray color so familiar to ALL
The Assam Tea District.-In 1885
Assam was ceded to England, ant
shortly afterward tea plants wer
discovered growing in it's forests. Il
the early forties, the first cultivation
of tea began in Provence, and at tha
time there was no population in AS
sam 1--WE are considering the valley
of the Brahmaputra now. True
there were a few ignorant, lazy abo-
rioines then, as now, mere handful
in that great forest, who existed; rails
ed small crops of rice, corn, sugar.
and cotton for their own use, but who
held no communication with the out
side world.
through silent solitudes, watering anC
draining immense jungles Of timber
trees, the home of elephants anc
snakes; past swamps of tangled cane
and reeds, where the air reel<ed with
pestilence and where enormous
pythons, gigantic alligators, anc
noisome life of every description
abounded; through miles upon miles
of fiat land, clothed with grass, ten
feet in height, where the deer and wild
hog, the tiger, leopard, and buffalo,
the cobra and it's many kindred but
less deadly brothers, pursued their
deadly avocations of preying upon
others and in turn being preyed upon
themselves; hearing only the howl OF
the jackal, the sharp cry of the bark
ing deer, the chattering of monkeys
or parrots, and bearing upon its
broad bosom only the loathsome alli-
gator or the tiny dugout of an Assam
mese; passing ever on through that
land teeming with wild life of every
description, and carrying the drain
age from the eternal SHOWS of the
Himalayas to the sea without in any
way benefting mankind.
White men came, cleared small
patches of land, planted their tea-gar-
dens, brought families from the over
populated parts of Bengal and the
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-06-09
DeLand, Fla, Wednesday, June 8, 1897.

metal pans and stewed over very hot
fires before rolling.
Fermenting.-The leaf being now
thoroughly rolled and well twisted, it
is removed from the machine and
placed in large heaps upon table to
ferment in it's own juice. 1t is at this
period of a greenish color, but satu-
rated and almost hidden by the thick,
sticky, cream-colored juice; but as
the process of fermentation proceeds
the juice dries up and disappears, and
the leaf changes color, gradually as
suming coppery appearance, and
when it has fully attained that of a
bright new copper, the process must
be arrested or it will turn sour. This
is most important operation, as it
mellows and softens the tea, render
ing it palatable; if insufficiently fer
mented the liquor will be raw and
rasping Green tea is unfermented.
Firing.-The leaf is now placed
over very hot fires, and the fermenta-
ton stopped; this is now done by ma
chinery, but formerly it was costly,
requiring constant attention, and en-
ploying a considerable force of men;
it also consumed large quantities of
charcoal Should the fire below the
tea flame, the tea would be burnt, or
should the fire smoke ever so little
the smoke passing through the tea
would instantly flavor it; and in
either case it would be ruined. In
''firing," the leaf is rendered perfectly
dry and crisp; it also assumes jet
black color; it is sufficiently fired
when quite brittle, and it is now tea,
although much has yet to be done to
render it fit for the market.
Coloring.-Green tea made as above
described is not the green tea of COM
merce; that requires other operations
W give IL UlIC CCh CP PROs"Ae e0AAON, l. N'
sian blue being largely used for the
purpose; but [ may mention that no
''green tea' is made in India, China
and Japan alone supplying that arti-
cle Indian planters do occasionally
make what they call 'Nemnua Tea" "
as above described, when the weather
is wet and cold, as it will sometimes
be even in the tropics, and so rem
dering whitening and fermenting very
lengthy operations.
Sorting.-It still remains to sort the
tea into the different grades, for all
classes of tea from Pekoe and Cougou,
black and green, are made from the
leaves of the same bush, and all are
plucked and manufactured together.
In sorting" the young, small leaves
are separated from the older, coarser,
and larger ones by passing the tea
through sieves of various meshes, IA,
10, 10, and eight to the inch. That
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1897-06-09
Labor and Processes in Tea Manu-
factIIra

Labor and Processes in Tea Manu-
facture.
Having treated of the cultivation of
the tea plant with special reference to
Florida brief account o. the pro-
cessesof manufacture, and an inquiry
into the question of the labor required
in both, may prove valuable:
Plucking.-Only the young leaves
and the unopened buds are pluclled;
sometimes three, sometimes four,
leaves are taken; the bud and two
youngest leaves are picked oil the
stem, and third and fourth leaves are
taken, leaving the stem and the axles
for future developments. WnCn
manufactured, the weight of The tea
only equals onefourth of tho weight
of green leaf; in other words, it re-
quires four pounds of leaf to make
one pound of tea.
Withering.-Th leaf is brought in
and weighed. It is then spread out
very thinly on floors, constructed es-
pecially, which permit the air to pass
through the leaves; air is admitted
freely, but winds are of course exclud-
ed. This operation, 'witnering," rem
ders the leaf soft, so that it can be
rolled without breaking; it also helps
to mellow the flavor of the infusion;
it occupies them twenty to thirty
hours, and is attended to entirely by
boys. In recent years machinery has
been invented, which has been great
boon to the planter, as it has done
away with the necessity for the large
and costly withering-houses, and rem
dered him Independent of the wealth
er, so far as this part of his work is
concerned; while formerly the incon-
yenience and loss arising from drop
in the temperature Or a continuous
fall of rain was very great The leaf
is withered when it is as soft as kid
glove, and is then ready for the next
operation. In making green tea the
leaf is not withered, but is taken at
once to the rolling-house.
Rolling.-Rolling (for black tea) is
now entirely done by machinery; only
very small or young gardens still roll
by hand. The object is to bruise the
veins, thus causing the juice to ex-
ude and remain exposed to the lmme-
date action of the boiling water in in
fusing: also to twist the leaf Prevl-
Gus to 1875 this rolling was done
entirely by hand, and was very cost
ly item, days task being forty
pounds of green leaf, and it necessi-
tated a considerable increase in the
labor force; now, however, three or
four men can, by the aid of machin-
cry, roll 500 pounds or more, and the
work is equally well performed. For
green tea, the leaf is placed in large
The Daily Texarkanian., 1897-10-27
Tho LooLnro Tomorrow Nlght.

The Christian Endeayorers Of the
Christian church are Justly proud
of the tact that they have secured
q date for a lecture by that noted
silver tongucd orator Homer a.
Wilson, who will appear at the OPP.
era house tomorrow evening at $3.50
o'clock In his fayorte aubieet
"AmerIeas Unerowned Queen,
Mr. Wilson Ia second to none IN
point Of grace and power and all
who MISS his lecture will deprive
themselves Of witnessing the great-
est literary treat Of the season.
The society under whose auapites
the lecture Us given asks Che aa
dstautc Of the people Of TeXurkaoa
In thla, their initial benefit Ads
mission only 50t,
The Daily Texarkanian., 1897-10-27
GOT DOWN TO BUSINESS,

The Old FtHcws held their 18th
annual session here yesterday un-
der closed doors aud transacted
rotiue business. The various com
mittees made their reports and the
order went into session to confer
the Grand Lodge degree on all who
had not taken it,
The dinner hour having arrived
the members wended their way to
the several hotels where they we're
stopping to take dinner and prepare
for the parade they were expected
to make at 3 o'clock.
The procession moved promptly
at o'clock and to martial music of
the famous TeXarkana brass band
paraded the principal streets,
There were some 1870 on foot and
fifteen or twenty in carriages, The
parade was a creditable one and
was watched by many Of our people
from the curb and second story
windows,
At night a reception was given
and the court house was filled with
our leading people to hear and see
what transpied, McCann's orches-
ira was on hand and gave a grand
opening which was roundIy applaud
cd,
Dr. p, G. Williams in company
with mayor John N, Cook, intro.
duced the mayor to the ODD Fel-
lows, who in a graceful speech
turned over the keys of the city to
the order telling them if they
broke into any place and did not
find what they wanted TO let him
know and he would wake up his po-
lice and make a search for It, Mr..
Cook made a rattling good speech
and it was appreciated and ap.
plauded. Other speeches followed
by Rev, /, Y, LanglN j, o. A, Sui
liyan Mr. II, G. Briggsa a visiting
Odl Fellow from Judsonla recited
the "Three Links, and he was Civ
en- a storm Of applause
After the speech making and
music the chairs were taken from q
section Of the floor space and dane.
ing INDUCED in until a late hour
The order was again called to or.
der this morning and the members
got down to business and worked
hard until the hour for The noon
adjournment
1t Is thought the lodge viii rec
main In session until tomorrow af.
ternoon,