davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
THE FATHERS OF SCIENCE.

Painting is believed to have originated
IN Egypt. The oldest known statue,
made 1000 B. c., that of an Egyptian
chief, is of wood and painted. Osy-
mandyas, an Egyptian monarch, 2100
B. c., had a court painter who depicted
the wars and conquests of his royal
master, The first Greek painter was
Polygnotus of Athens. 400 b. c.
The invention of geometry is at
tributed, by some. to the ASsyrians or
Chaldean philosophers, by others to the
Egyptians. Geometry was brought into
Greece by Thales. in coo Is. c. The
study was greatly improved by Pytha
goras and brought TO perfection by
Euclid, 800 year b. C. The researches
of Archimedes were made in the third
century before Christ.
Botany was scientifically discussed by
Aristotle about SAT b. c. He is ac-
knowledged to be the father of the
science. Works on botany appeared in
several European languages about the
close of the fifteenth century, general
attention being az chat time directed to
wardethe s6ldy of this science. The
first encyclopaedia of plants appeared
in 1929.
The first encyclopaedia was compiled
by Abulpharagius in the thirteenth cen
fury. The famous French encyclo.
paedia, by Diderot, D'Alembert and
many other noted scientists, was com
Chinese have an encyclopaedia in 6,1O9
volumes, comprising all the books of
value in the Chinese literature. 1t was
compiled by command of Emperor
Kang He in 1861.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
ITEMS OF INTEREST.

A cigar store in New Orleans, owned
by a colored man, does big trade in
the sale OF feet belonging to graveyard
rabbits"
Mohave county, A. T., is infested with
millions of army woyms. The Wal
lapai Indians make soup of them, and
find them very fattening.
A fortune of 100000 has Just
dropped to Richard Pilkey, a young
man of &c, who for some years had been
employed as laborer on the Erie canal.
The Mosque of St. Sophia, at Con-
stantinople, was built over thousand
years ago, and the mortar used was per-
fumed with musk. The musky odor is
still perceptible.
1t is asserted by Lyell, the geologist,
that at a period comparatively recent
all that portion of the United States
south of the Black hills was under from
500 to 800 feet of water.
In the British museum there is q
queer and ancient love letter, engraved
on brick. 1t is a proposal for the hand
Va al LSJ Ptidh PilASOoSs anu 10 uOOuA
$500 years old.
A funny election bet was settled by q
gentleman in Philadelphia, in view of q
large number of amused spectators.
With a crowbar he pushed peanut
four times around the city hall.
Love entered the hearts of a couple
eliminates of the poorhouse in Delaware
county, Ind, and they eloped. The
groom is cripple, aged 60, and the
bride is an apoplectic woman of 81.
A wild boar roasted whole was the
chief dish at state dinner recently
given by the prince of Montenegro.
1t was brought in smoking hot. Inside
the boar was turkey and inside the
turkey was a snipe which had been shot
by the host.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
DOLLY IN DELFT DESIGN

is soft finished and of good quality
without being too fine. On it have
stamped or draw a design similar to
the one given. The essential element is
the introduction of the quaint Dutch
scenes. The connecting conventional
border may vary as much as you please
1t is only necessary to make sure that
it allows of working in buttonhole
stitch all around the edge to insure
firmness of finish.
Either silk or fine embroidery cotton
may be used, but in either case select
the shade with care. Real delft blue
can be had in both materials, and one
should be content with nothing else
silk is undoubtedly bandsomer at the
start. but cotton of the best sort has
the inestimable advantage of outlast-
ing the best made ard of far better
withstanding the wear and tear of the
iaundry.-Chicago Chronicle.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15

of life and blood. Her head is placed or
her shoulders after the manner of
Venus of Milo. There are no protrud-
ing bones, no wrinkles, no hollows, but
neither is there any superfuous fat
ness. The whole is a beautiful poem of
form.
The exercise to which Natalie owes
so much of her charm is one which has
been practiced by women of the
poorer classes in many countries, from
the earliest ages. Rachel, it may be re-
membered met Jacob when she Yves
going to the we'll with her pitcher. The
women of oriental countries, of Greece
and of Italy have always been accus-
toned TO carry pitchers and other bur-
dens on their heads. They have little
idea of identifying themselves when
they do this. but. nevertheless. they are
doing so.
The American woman who worries
about the shape of her neck probably
never thinks that it's defects are due to
lack of proper exercise tending to espe-
cially strengthen this part. She may
he able. suggests the New York Jour-
nal. to profit by the example of the
queen of Seryia.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
BE YOUR OWN DOCTOR.
Easily Applied Remedies for Number Of
Minor Ailments.

Don't send for a doctor whenever you
feel badly or your heart isn't right or
you have cold. There are many sim
pie and direct remedies which you can
taste in your hat and apply on occasion.
Give Nature a chance and help her all
you can.
Thus, for instance, both sneezing and
coughing can be arrested by pressing
armly on the upper lip or in front OF
he ear.
Boxing the ears of person suffer
Ing from hay fever is said to be SOW
ereign remedy for that inconyenient
u,alady. That severe attacks of rheu-
matism are greatly relieved by bee
ftings has been noted, and in Malta and
in Russia, where bees abound, they are
in such repute as cure that resort
10 this primitive kind of inoculatioai
has been a common practice for genera
tions. with most satisfactory results.
Excessive paapitation of the heart can
always be arrested by bending double.
head downward, and hands hanging.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
CHURCH AND CLERGY.


Mr.. Gladstone is disappointed at the
small sale of his edition of Bishop But
.er, only 1000 copies having been sold.
Rev. DR.. Benjamin L. Agnew. pastor
of the Bethlehem Presbyterian chur.h
If Philadelphia, has been elected secre-
;ary of the Presbyterian board of min
sterial relief.
Gen. Booth has announced that the
Salvation Army is to extend its opera
lions over the whole Malay archipelago.
The movement will be directed from the
irmy's headquarters in Australia.
1t is openly stated that the new Eng
lish bishop of Peterborough was not ap-
pointed for his past services to the
church, his learning, or his piety, but
because "he had enough money in his
pocket to repair the west front of the
cathedral
The cardinal archbishop of Paris has
appointed Pere Olivier, the famous
Dominican preacher. to the post of
Lenten preacher at Notre Dame. vacant
by the death of Mgr. d'Hulst, there
by continuing the tradition which con-
meets the great order of preaching
Friars" with the cathedral pulpit.
The University of Dublin has insti-
tuted two examinations for diplomas in
the art of teaching. The second, in the
practice of teaching, can only be taken
by candidates who have had IL months
of practical experience, and who have
passed the preliminary examination in
theory.
DR.. Temple, says the st. James Ga
Eette, has started an official campaign
on church reform. The new arch
bishop of Canterbury declares that
there are four subjects ripe. or almost
ripe, for legislation. In the first place,
the benefices bill of last session is TO be
passed, sis certain to be passed" next
year. In the second place, a bill for
power to remove incompetent clergy
men and put them on a retiring fund is
to be dealt with next session." And
the two questions of giving the congre-
cations voice in the selection of pas
tor and the sort of service to be used
will probably come before parliament
a couple of years later"
The scum which rises TO the non oI
the kettle when soup or broth is made
is not an impurity. as is commonly
thought. and should not be skinned
off. The scum is only the thirkenrd
juice of the meat. and is he most nm-
tritious part of it. When more wale'
is added 70 soup II should flwavs 10
cold water.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15

That fact should cause the subject o.
rest to find favor, as those who are al
ways little overtired never look we'll.
Their faces assume worried Crown Il
expression, and wrinkles, gray hairs.
dull eyes and sallow complexion fol-
low in natural succession.
Would you keep your fresh compile
ion, and plumpness, and bright eyes?
Then rest, rest often. and rest in the
right way. Do not insist that change
of occupation is rest. There is no
greater delusion. 1t is nothing of the
kind. 1t simply varies the kind of fa-
tigue-adds another different in loca-
ton. The best rest, the only real rest,
is found in a recumbent position. No
one can stand or sit without holding
comparatively taut some muscles, and
the tension tires them and the nerves
by sympathy. To rest, lie down on
something entirely comfortable, and
relax every nerve and muscle as much
MS possible. This is not altogether easy
10 do at first, but practice makes per-
feet" The rest of il Is wonderful
in fact, the whole secret of 1T lies in
the one word: relaxation. Notice
baby's or an animals complete relax
elton while it sleeps. Five minutes at
a time several times day-and more, it
possible-of such rest will certainly
add to the length of life and happi-
ness.
Many people think that they cannot
efford to lie down in the daytime, or If
they do that they must improve the
time by reading. 1t is false idea of
nm economy of time. Neither the read
ing nor the resting is well done: and
so the time spent is practically wasted.
But to take little rests-lying down
does not waste time; it is time invest
ed in n way that pays big dividends
The bright eyes. the good color, and
good temper of rested person are to
home worth many times what the
sewing. or embroidery, or crocheting,
or even reading accomplished In the
same amount of time, could ever pos
sibly be worth.-Rose Thorn, in Ladies
Home Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
SOME LATE NEW THINGS.

Charleston knitting mills employ
negroes.
An electric roller for massage pur-
poses is composed of plates of copper
and zinc and generates its own electric
Gy.
A recently patented solder for alu-
minum consists of 30 parts tin alloy,
{ parts aluminium and parts zinc.
A newly designed double-barreled
gun has only one trigger, lever being
used to change the action to either
tide as desired.
A handy device for opticians consists
If an indicator to tel the angle at which
The nosepiece of the eye-glass must be
vt to fit the nose.
Backing brushes for use with liquid
backing have reservoir in the dauber,
together with tube running into the
bristles through which the polish runs.
A Massachusetts, woman has pat
snted leather dressing consisting Of a
compound of wax, rubber, gutta
percha, Spanish licorice and paraffin oil,
che proportions being secret.
Circular extension tables are made
with a number OF slots on the under
side into which the supports of semi
circular leaves are pushed to increase
che circumference of the table.
A New York woman has designed q
glass oven door in connection with n
device for opening and closing the dam
pers by means of the expansion and
contraction of the glass plate.
A recently designed watch-carrier for
bicycles has screw clamp to attach it
10 the head of the wheel, the watch be-
Ing held in place by number of springs
to grip the stem and watch case.
Pneumatic roller skates having one
wheel on each Skate are just out. In
competition with the foot plate and heel
and toe clamps there is brace running
up to the calf of the leg to make it more
rigid.
The latest curtain pole is cut into
two equal sections lengthwise, hinged
10 each other and having a hole bored
through it to hold a rod on which the
curtain is hung, putting the hangers
out of sight.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
QUEEN NATAL,E.s NECK.
Its Beauty and Symmetry Is the Talk of
All Europe.

Its Beauty and Symmetry Is the Talk of
All Europe.
The most beautiful queen of Europe
is Natalie of Servia, and her greatest
beauty is her neck. The world has just
been Ret into the secret of the method
which has largely enabled her to de-
velop this charming feature.
The queen takes frequent and regular
exercise with heavy pitcher on her
head. The result of this is to straight
en- and strengthen the neck and to give
1t the form which the highest standard
Of female beauty requires. Not only
does the exercise add to present beauty,
but it arrests the ravages which time
makes more quickly in the female neck
than in any other place.
Natalie is a woman whose career
has perhaps been more exciting and pic
turesque than that of any living oc-
cupant of European throne. Her
beauty is of an order that is in keeping
with the vigor of her character.
Neither amiability nor feminine gentle
ness enters into the latter to notice
able degree.
Natalie is now living in the dignity
proper to the rank of a queen-dowager,
while her husband has pension, but is
not allowed to enter his own country.
He spends his money as soon as he gets
it in drink and riotous living. The rest
of the quarter he lives by begging. Dor
rowing, sponging and playing cards
The queen, on the other hand, engages
in the much more laudable and whole
some employment of preserving her
neck and shoulders.
If you could obtain admission to the
grounds of the queens residence near
Belgrade. at about eight o'clock in the
morning, you would see her majesty
taking brisk walk, with her pitcher on
her shapely head. She is accompanied
by dame d'honneur. who is not herself
an expert in the art of pitcher carrying.
Queen Natalie has very abundant
black hair and rich coloring. She is a
very finely developed woman. Her fig
ure is very strong and erect and her car
riage is perfect. for her favorite eXer-
else tends to develop the latter quality
as well as to beautify the neck and shout
ders. These are adorable and beyond
all criticism. She takes care to dres
in a way to show these to the best ad.
vantage.
From chin to bust Queen Natalie's
flesh has the firmness of marble; Al,
though, unlike that substance. it is full
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
PARQUETRY FLOOR AND BORDER
ING

floors will look exceedingly well if they
receive a thorough polishing from a
cabinet-maker twice year and the rest
of the time are wiped with soft cloth.
The most beautiful of all floors is the
wood mosaic. This, as its name i'm
plies, consists of a number of small
pieces of wood stood on end. They are
joined by strip of lead which holds
each block in place. Sometimes the
wood is all of one kind, but set with the
grain running different ways. Other
designs consist of two or more con-
trasting woods, laid so as to form pat
terms of the most elaborate description.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15

fancy, but surely a pretty one to be
commended for those who can afford it..
A purple tailor gown requires an UNI
brella of purple silk lined with silk
Of a pale canary color, for the lining
of the new umbrellas is always of adif.
ferent shade. A green gown demands
an umbrella of sapphire, lined with tur'
quoise, and so on.
In the liter of handles there arestill
greater novelties. The ieweled ones
are more elaborate than ever, but newer
than these is the handle made to repre-
sent the head of an animal. Faddish
New York women are greatly taken
with the heads, which represent the
heads of dogs or cats, and which are
always made after strikingly realis-
tic fashion.
Daintier perhaps are the handles
made in the form of small bonbonnieres,
which the younger women are rartic-
ularly pleased with. 1t is said to be
particularly diverting when one is left
alone with ones umbrella to be able
to open the handle and extract sweet
meat.-N. Y. World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15

II breathing is temporarily suspended
while in this position, the effect is all
the more rapid. Hiccough can almost
always be stopped by this simple ac-
ton, which is more readily available
than the often recommended fright or
sudden start which one cannot easily
get up for ones self on the spur of the
moment.
The distressing cramping of the fin
gers from constant use of pen, which
may in time develop into writers
cramp, can always be prevented by en-
iarging the holder either by wrapping
string around it or by running the
handle of the pen through bit of rub
Der tubing.
The innumerahle hosts of new and
infallble cures for colds would easily
fill a good-sized volume, and still they
come. One quite too simple way of nip
ping cold in the bud is to sit down in
front of good fire and warm your
back thoroughly. for the hack is the
place where cold is usually caught, be-
ing careful. of course, not to go at once
into cold room. A French physician
goes to extremes by applying piece
of ice at the spine. Indeed, nowadays
the curative value of cold is being high
" spoken of, and the infammatory sore
throat, which used to be treated by
poultices and warmth. is now said to be
easily and quickly cured by sucking ice
and keeping the patient in low tenn
perature. Ice at the neck is also a
powerful curative for asthma. In fact,
It is even predicted that the dry, cold,
clear air of the arctic, keen and free
from germs, will, before long, be rec
commended for ailments springing from
weak chests.-N. Y. Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15

A Plea for the nollyhOck and Other OF,

Fa ,.s!o-icI .-.oss-.i-.s.
There are fashions in flowers as well
as elsewhere, and though one may de-
spise the mere taking up of certain
flowers. because it is 1.-THE thing" there
ones old-time favorites, neglected in
these Ia: ,..;Js. being brought to the
front and given the appreciation that
they honestly deserve, because what
starts in a within of fashion may end in
the genuine love for the old-fashioned
blossoms, and their continued cultiva-
ton long after ''the fashion" has be-
slowed its attention upon some other
fad. Some of the old-time q orite
flowers have come back to popularity.
I hope to stay. Among them all there
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
Glad They Weren't Clerical.

A well-known Worcester clergy man
tells story at his own expense. In
his young days he was tramping
through the White mountains with a
companion, who was also clergyman.
One day they mounted the drivers seat
Of stage coach. The driver was an in
teresting character, loaded with good
stories. The three speedily became
friendly. and it was with reluctance that
they parted at the end of the journey.
I'm glad ter hev met yer, fellers." said
the driver, in farewell. "Yer see, |
heven't seen man this summer, ex-
ceptin' ministers"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
The Egg as q Medicine.

A raw egg. if swallowed in time, VII
effectually detach fishbone fastened
in the throat. and the whites of two
eggs will render the deadly corrosive
sublmate as harmless as a dose OF
calomel. Eggs strengthen the con-
sumptive. invigorate the feeble. and
render the most susceptible all but
proof against jaundice in its most ma
lignant form.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
pARouETRY FLOORS.
they Are More Effective and Durable
Than Carpets OF Rugs.

When the mistress of the household
Is likewise the maid, she will find her
abors greatly lessened when the floors
are left bare or else covered with plain
mating, for both can be busted daily
with cloth-covered broom, whereas
carpets require weekly sweeping at
least, and that must be thorough one.
Even a pine floor can be made to look
fairly well by stopping up the cracks,
srevices and knothoIes with putty and
staining and vanishing it. Hard wood
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
THE WISDOM OF REST.
Busy Women Can Add to Length

pee Busy Women Can Add to Length of
9ecl Life and Happiness.
Sic aese days of ten-minutes-a-day
:, or half-hour studying societies
s,f;. proving the mind, how many
- make it point to spend certain
ties" in rest to improve their
*. and their beauty? Good health
ro vastly more Importance than in
Stsuality, for of what comfort to its
Is hssor, or 10 anyone else. is the most
eeff essant mind which lives in a weary
)ef5 Nervous body? | believe that sheer
S'aateariness causes more trouble in the
world than it ever gets blamed for. 4
rested person. other things being right.
} Is pleasant one; while tired person.
under whatever advantageous circum-
stances, is almost sure to be cross. Many
family wrangle has started from
few sharp words caused by over
strained nerves
It is natural-and perfectly right
for Q woman to always consider her per
sonal appearance of great importance.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15

NEAT GENT Err CLOTH.
The Delft Craze Has at Last Invaded the
Fancy Work Domain.

Fancy Work Domain.
The craze for delft and for delft de-
signs seems not to abate in even the
least degree. One of the latest is a
delft dolly and is designed for center
cloth in conjunction with dinner or
tea service of the popular blue. The
foundation is fine white linen. The
shape is approximately circular, for the
round dolly continues to be given first
place. To make it select material that
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15

Miss Lillian Debenham, the owner oil
the English comic weekly Judy. has
made new departure for woman By
undertaking to edit that paper. A woni
an as editor of an Intentionally humor-
Gus periodical occupies an almost
unique position.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
EMBROIDERY NOVELTY.
Jewel Work. Which Is Both Effective and
Simnla. the Latest Fad.

Jewel Work, " hlch II BOth EHectIVe anu
Simple. the Latest Fad.
The last new thing in embroidery
is known as jewel work from the fact
that it is supposed to represent jewels
scattered here and there. While un-
doubtedly considerable imagination
must be called into play before anne
thysts, rubies. turquoises and the like
can be discovered in the rounds and
ovals called by their names, it is effec-
tive, and it is novel. Just at the present
moment garnets are in highest favor.
The design given is a simple one. All
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
NEW UMBRELLA HANDLES.
Some Are Made in the Form of Decided
Dainty BOnbonnicres.

Umbrellas are displaying quite as
many departures in style as articles
OF attire supposed to be more distinctly
modish. The latest edict is that the
umbrella must always match the gown,
and tailor-made women are having UNI
brellas made up in just the shade of
their various street gowns. A costly
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
GENERAL COUNTRY PRODUCE

Corrected for the CITIZEN every week
by Mr.. w. H. Kline, No. 81 n. Market
street.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15
To Prevent Eye-waterine.

To prevent the eyes from watering
while cutting onions, hold q knitting
Ior earning needle between the front
teeth.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-15

TO give cheap white lace he yellow
Iish tinge beloved of artists steep it foy
few minutes in weak tea