davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23
High Hats in Church.
Franklin News

rankin NeWr-
Recently we commended the decision
Of the ladies of Grace Methodist
Episcopal church. Oil City, TO discard
hats and bonnets during church service
an idea which they gought from the
recent Epworth league convention at
Toronto. where the new style met with
universal favor with the thousands in
attendance.
Also, here comes a woman TO Inc
Blizzard. and in the name of the great
apastle TO the Gentiles she serves an in
junction. She quotes St Paul in l.
Corinthians, xi. as follows:
For if the woman be not covered
let her also be shorn; but if it be a
shame for a woman to be shorn or
shaven. let her be covered.
For a man indeed ought not to GOV
er his head. forasmuch as he is the
image and glory Of fGod; but the woman
is the glory of man.
The Oil City lady adds: 1t is an ad-
mirable style of custom for the theater
| or opera. but not for the worship of Al
mighty God"
Now we venture to raise our bowed
head and speak out one feeble remark.
The women of Corinth. on whose milli-
nerv arrangements Paul animadverted
where of the sort that needed to keep
well out Of sight in fact, an extinguish-
er who have been about the best cover
ing for them. Read the epistles to that
people and you'll get some inkling of
the prevailing style Of folks
Moreover, the head covering worn by
the women of Corinth was in the nature
of a low cowI veil turban. Suppose st.
Paul could have sat behind forest of
nodding plumes, shimmering ribbons,
dead birds, wings and tails, all piled on
the heads Of an audience of 10Th centu-
~ North America women does the
good lady in Oil City believe that the
great Apostle would have commanded
those American girls to remain covered
with such gay bewilderment Of top
dressings Nay, nay, Pauline! He would
have quoted that other Scripture, Top
| not, come down"
Furthermore, viewing the matter
from 18th century outlook, is it {
shame for true, dignifed woman tc
be in the presence Of that noble animal
man, minus her hat or her bonnetE Per
haps every bald headed man is ''Th'
image and glory Of God, and perhaps
every woman is the only glory of sucl
bald headed, whopper jawed, web-foot
ed, round nd-shouldered man. Perhaps
but we want TO get the information
from St Paul. A. D. 1897, before we as
sumo masculine airs on that proposition
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23
Grape and Bark Bitters for MAJ
laria.

Every one knows the value of the
grape as a luscious and healthful fruit
Aunt Rachael's Malarial Bitter5 is the
ultimate of the Grape Juice; in its prop
critics, mildly diuretic, sudorific and
tonic. More than seven-eights is the
pure juice of the grape, simply made
bitter by Peruvian BaYk Chamomile
Flowers, Snake Root &c, and will cure
Malaria Fever ii used as directed.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23
Nothing Succeeds Like Success.

Ihe success vi the Spcer n. J Wine
o., IN producing an extra quality OF
Grape Brandy il marvellous They RELY
alone on the grape for body and flavor
and hence there i wide apd growing
demand for this Brandy which rivals
the old brands Of Cognac France.
Nothing II finer or richer than Specr's
old Climax Brandy and his Old Port
hve to fifteen years old. For table uge
th+T Clarets, Sauterne4 Durgundfes
ana ,, ssetey are unsurpassed For
the sick room hospital and Sacralnen
tal purposes their Unfermented Graz,
Juice u recommended and used Dy both
physicians and diyines sold by drug
HIsts,
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23
The DANCER

to which the Expectant Mother is
exposed and the foreboding and
dread with which she looks for
ward to the hour of woman's
scverest trial is appreciated by but
few. All effort should be made
to smooth these rugged places
in life's pathway for her, ere she
prcsses to her bosom her babe.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23

There are mon on the way 10 the
KloEdikc who have never felt them
sslyca equal 10 the task Of shoyeling
snow on ten square feet Of sidewalk.
AkMSlEONG'5 Littlc System Pills
are fine. A true Liver Pill.-75c.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23
j. b. McnEWTI
SEANOR \ MACE S
Livery, Feed and Sale Stable
REAR or WICK HOUSE,
BUTLER PA.

The best Of hor-es Ind Gfst clGis rigs
Away on hand aud for hire.
Best Accommodations IN town fer p6rma-
ncnt boarding ahd frauaient trade speci-
al care guaranteed
Stable room lor fizty. five horses.
good class Of horace. both drirert and
htait h0rFoa always on hand and for sale
under iUll gnarautec, and horsca bot ghl
pp0n proper notification By
SEAN0R & MACE
Telephone, No 2lg
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23
Aunt Rachacl's Isittcrs.

The undeniable fact that these Bitterg
are composed in the main Of Spcer'g
Wine, with Peruvian Bark, Snake Root
etc. analyzed and recommend 10 In
validA and the Medical Profession. by the
best Chemists in the United States can
not thil IN inspiring confidence in the
use Of these Malarial Bittcrs.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23

out the light of good Judgment. and looks
higrer than life or death, or wife or child.
The facts are that iil-heaith very soon puts
a stop to a mans uoney-rnaking powers
and turns them into r1Orey-loslng dis
abilities.
When a mans digestion is out Of order
and his liver sluggish, his brain gets du!l:
his muscles sluggish, his blood impure and
every organ in the body-bTaln, lungs,
heart, stomach, liver and kidney becomes
cripoled A man with a crippled lung
liver, heart, brain or kidney, Is a worse
criDrle ter times over, than a man who IS
r,iI,i,s a leg OF an arm. The man who Is
criDrl-d ortside may live long life but the
man who is crippled inside Is taking snort
cr,t TO the grave. Dr.. Pierce's Golden Med
icaI Discovery cures indigestion, makes the
annette keen, the liver active the blood
Dure. and every organ healthy and vigorous
II makes blood and builds flesh up TO the
healthy s.zudard. Honest dealers don I
recommend substitutes
"Iwisi1 20 say TO those VINO suffer from kidney
and bladder troubie-kGEs Dy- X. y. tfsreSa
Colfs4 .Hedld1! DTsco1eyJ,' " writes Dr. ANDERSON
ofCarthage. Jasper Co No. 50 patient Of mine
- II is worth t5o per bottle to any who Is
sas;c.ei a. he yrss Three bottles cured him en-
tireI- Perfectly miserable he was. before taking
the discovery aud now Il one Of the happiest
men in this County. Prof. Chreine would gladly
zign this If he were in town. He requested me
TO write testimonial and MAKE ~ as sf'oHs G.
| ne ErgtIsh language could MAKE H.
A s15o home doctor book FREE. For q
DaDer-covered copy IF Dr.. Pierce's Common
sense Medical Adviser send II one-ceni
starrs 10 cover ost Of mailing ORiT
Cloth binding 10 cents extra Address DT.
| z. v. Pierce, Buffalo, y. y.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23
In a trip out north" the other day,

In a trip out north the other day,
we noticed on ono Of our best farms n
fax patch. Such a thing is a rarity
these days; yet we can remember when
the half acre or 80 Of fax Was as cc-l-
mon as the potato patch. In those
days we had fax pullings" sad
'scutchings and in ;ag winter the
women AZ the household would spen",
a portion OF the time spinning Aa. and
by the following summer 1T gas mad1
into linen for trousers, tJwels. &c.
some Of the cloth w.s made pIair ,,d
the cztr:. nice 'yas barred and striped
And hoT the stuff would wear! We
were shown the other day "a most beau.
tital table cloth made in 4 Rarnee n rne ttfs-rrv
a. many Of tn cloths now purchased in
the stores. The material il fine and the
design very pretty Indiana Pa. Mes
sengcr
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23
.ousness, indigestion, Headache.
EASY TO take, easy to operate. 25c.

II u estimated that the falling off
from the average European crop this
year VIII be: Wheat. 300, 900. 900 buhcls.
rye, 525, 900, 900; potatoes. 1000 600, 900.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23

80 far no enterpridng newspaper has
thought TO send Hon John j ingalls, 10
Boston TO report John l.. Sullivans
Mayoralty campaign
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23

HEADACHE Powders II you use any
use good one. Ask your Druggist Tor
Armstrong { Cure " Headache Pow
dcr5.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23

As one rcsult Of the wheat movement
the demand for vessel room is 80 great
that the Lake rate from Chicago b. Buf
fa.o has been doubled or made two cents
per Dusnel, aud transportation is hard 10
got, even ut this rate. Despite all theor
les there is no lack Of money to move
the crops. The only trouble il TO find
enough cars and boats:
foOd's Sarsaparilla II peculiar med
icin" peculiar because il permanently
cures.
The fifteen countries from which hints
Of dissatisfaction with our Tariff have
come have sold ~ in thepast decade "a.
s15 9l3 j2j. worth Of goods, and bought
from us only ~, 059. 220, 1872, worth.
balance in their favor Of Il, 7s4, 722, 81.
IL il scarcely probably under these cir.
cumsiances that they are going 10 take
any steps which will embarrass or com
plicate commercial relations 40 advanta
geous 10 them.
THE remedies put mp by the Cure u
Co., Ltd., No. roo Centre Ave. are
ooId by every Druggist in Butler Coun-
ty.
Inc negroes Of South Carolina are en-
gagged IN 'burying the devil" A monu.
hent OF state jugs and broken pitch
FORKS would seem appropriate.
HEADACHE Powders II you use any
use good one. ask your Druggist for
Armstrong q Cure " Headache Pow
dcr5.
80 far no enterpridng newspaper has
thought 10 send lion. John J. lnQalls 10 |
Boston 10 report John l.. Sullivan's |
Mayoralty campaign.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23
RmUMArfsm curED DAy.

Mystic Cure" for Khcuinatism and
Neuralgia radically cures IN 10 = davg.
It's action upon the gystcm r. remarkable
aud nyhtcriod8. II removes at once the
cauaca and the disease Immediately dis
appears. The first dose greatly benefits.
Is cents. Sold by ]. {. Rcaic, ard T. r.
hHph Druggists Butler Apr g6
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23
When the children need Castor oil,
give them Laxol, il is palatablc

When the children need Castor oil,
give them Laxol it is palatablc
While crossing the road 20 borrow
his ncighbors paper ar Erie county,
y. Y, man was run over by p wagon
and his doctor bill for repair was $l5.
and even then he didn't get the paper.
The moral is obvious.
If you do something you would like
to sec in the papers, come in aud tell M
about it. IF you do something you
dor want 70 SEQ ia print don't worry
yOuf5cIi ABOUT II Some ono clao ;, -.
tell ua about that.
A prominent bicycle manufagrurc r
recently stated that the chainlea4. whe el
VIII be feature next year, bgA thai it
VIII be expensive, and win not therefore.
DO away with the present wheel. It
- costlier 30 mike than the other wheel
owing 10 the perfection demanded in
the adjustment Of the parts y, "a to
minimize friction
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23

KEEP Cure { in the home. It is an
Instant relief in case Of sudden pain
holera- Morbus, Group, Sprains, Bruises,
ctoothache &c-A SIX your Druggist.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23

and that almost innumcrable series Of
disease aEd complications resulting
from ary arrangement Of the Nervous
system. Invaluable for weak women
| and neru0ng children.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23

Whom person begins to grow thin
there - something wrong. The waste rs
greater than the supply and it ia only a.
question Of time when the end lnust
cQue
IN nine cases out Of ten the trulrble il
with the digestive organs. Ig You can
restore them 10 a healthy condition you
VIII stop the waste, put OH new flesh
and cause them 10 feel better in every
way The food they eat Will be digest
ed and appropriated - the needs of the
system, aud NORMAL appetite will ap.
pear
Consumption frequently follows
wasting Of bodily tissue because nearly
all cousumptives have indigestion TIE
Shaker Digestive Cordial will restore
the stomach TO hcalthful condition in
n vast majority Of cases. Get one Of
their books from your druggist and learn
about this new and valuable remedy.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23

We join with an exchange in its pro
test against the annoyance TO hvn,s-
Keepers caused by the delivery q band
bills and circulars by han q. the front
door. It's pestiferous ,uisance for
busy wives and servarar 10 be rung up
10 receive an advertising dodger setting
forth the merits Of somebody's bowel
regulator VI corn eradicator, or soa D.,
or baking powder.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1897-09-23

Inc negroes Of South Carolina are en-.
gagged IN 'burying the devil. A monu.
lncnt OF state jugs and broken pitch
forks would seem appropriate.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1897-12-30
500 Reward 500.

The readers of this paper will be pleas
ed to learn that there is at least one
dreaded disease that science has be, II
able to cure IN all its stages, and that Is
Catarrh. Halls Catarrh Cure In the only
positive cure known to the medical fra
ternity. Catarrh being a constitutional
disease, requires a constitutional treat
ment. Hal's Catarrb Cure Is taken in
ternally, acting directly upon the blood
and mucous surfaces of the system, there
by destroying the foundation of the dis
ease, and giving the patient strength by
building up the constitution and assist
ing nature in doing its work. The pro.
prietors have 80 much faith in its cura.
tive powers, that they offer One Hun
dred Dollars for any case that 1t fails t.
cure. Send for list of testimonials.
Address, +. j. CHENEY, Toledo, o.
Sold by druggists 75c.
Halls Family Pills are the best.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1897-12-30

a boy and girl; exercise, "The Name and
the Star" five boys; responsive reading;
song, otis Holiday Time" Postlude,
March of the Priests" by Mendelsohn.
The Sunday School had charge of the
exercises at the Baptist Church, which
were held on Christmas eve. The church
had previously been decorated with ever
green and several notices pertaining to
the event cut out of cotton and mounted
on background OF black adorned the
walls. The Christmas tree had place,
as usual, being loaded with large candy
bags for the scholars and presents which
had been hung on by the friends of the
recipients. Santa Claus played con-
spcuous part after the close of the pro-
gram, much to the delight of the little
folks. Following is the program as rem
dered Song, "Holy, Holy, Holy" choir !;
prayer; opening address, Miss Sabra
Wheeler; song, Greeting Song" recita-
ton, Cora Gustin; recitation, Bessie Lee !;
song, Anthem" choir; recitation, Daisy
Davis; recitation, Mamie MacCrimmon !;
duet, Roy FELTON, and Daisy Davis; reel
tation, Glare Green; class exercise, six
girls; song, Leah and Martha Townsend ;
recitation, Anna Foster recitation, Eddie
johnson; song, christmas Chimes"
choir; class exercise, waiter Girls ;"
Rotations by Kent Green, Lloyd Camp
bell, Roy FELTON,, Elmer Kinyon, Linden
Bissell, Berthe La Roche Florence Kin.
Won and Lillian MacCrimmon.
On Christmas eve, at the Episcopal
Church, every child in the parish was re.
membered with gift and a package of
candy from beautifully decorated Christ
mas tree, which made their little hearts
glad, and the joyful carols they sang
made glad not only their own hearts, but
also those of the older people who were
present. On Sunday the sermon and
music were appropriate to the occasion
and the collection, amounting to nearly
$25, was given to st. Elizabeth's hospital.
This is regular custom in the Episcopal
Church, which is worthy of much com
mendation.
AT PRIVATE HOUSES.
very pleasant gathering took place in
Col. Howlett's home on Mob Hill Christ.
mas afternoon. Sam Cameron and fam
lily and the Camerons from the Mckee
valley were present. also Col. Walker, OF
Zillah, and Keith Dunlop. A Christmas
tree, Christmas gifts and a Christmas
dinner filled the afternoon full of good
things.
The Frank Wheeler home in Fruitvale
was invaded on Christmas eve by as jolly
a party OF young folks as one often sees
together. They were chaperoned by Mrs
William Ker, and arrived in one of Mr.
Wheeler's fruit wagons, which was cush-
toned with straw and afforded a very com
Portable straw ride. Arrived at head
quarters, the guests were taken in charge
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1897-12-30

held and the children all enjoyed royal
good time, while the old folks looked on
and were no less happy. Every child
had present, donation of candy and
nuts and a happy heart. At 10 O'Clock
in the morning at the church full choir,
with orchestra accompaniment, sang
Farmers Mass in b fiat.
The Congregational Church was turned
over to the children on Christmas eve,
as were the other churches, and the chill
dren made the most of their opportunity
by entertaining their friend. Old Santa,
who made himself very much at home
and very much beloved by the little folks.
OF these 1875 greeted him and each re-
ceived at his hand box of candy packed
in sled box and an orange. The Christ
mas tree added very much to the occa.
sion, which will live long in the memory
of the girls and boys.
The committee in charge of affairs at
the Methodist Church had prepared q
tree and treat for the members of the
Sunday School, which came off on Friday
evening, the usual Christmas program
being omitted ON this evening and taken
up on Sunday. Rev. U. F. Hawk
preached Christmas sermon in the
morning and in the evening the church
was crowded with attentive listeners
to the excellent varied program to
be rendered by the Sunday School. The
program was as follows: Prelude, LES
tai March," Miss Spain; carol, Ring,
Bells, Ring" words on black board; song,
"Whie Shepherds Watch" prayer; Of
fertory, Carol" responsive reading
singing, Herald the Tidings;' recita-
ton, "Thrice Welcome" Percy Greene !;
recitation, 1.-THE Little New Neighbor,"
four little girls; responsive reading; song,
Calm and STILL" recitation, "No Room
in the Inn," four girls; recitation, THE
Star" Carrie Varker; responsive reading !;
singing; exercise, westward STILL" tif-
teen girls; exercise, ''ln the Temple"
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1897-12-30

by Mrs. Wheeler, Who soon iuaie every
body at home and saw that all had a
good time. Games, followed by light re-
freshments, we're the order of the evening,
which was concluded with dancing. One
OF the games " AZ II progressive affair, the
girls and boys first prizes being taken
by Myra How lett and George Steinweg
and the boobies by jamie Snively and
Arthur Englehsrt. The following guests
were present: Misses Roberta Ker, Myra
Hewlett, Bessie Hall, Lucy Scudder,
Maude Nash, Bessie Scudder, Viva Wiley
and jamie Snively, and Masters Dean
Stair, Arthur Englehart, WalIron Ker,
Graham Ker, George Steinveg, viii
Prosser, Clifford Wright and Will Free
man.
CHRISTMAS AT ToPPENIsu.
A report comes from Toppensh telling
bow Christmas was celebrated there. A
dinner was given in the Status church,
and the evening was devoted to a Christ
mas tree and appropriate exercises, which
had been arranged by Taylor Martin.
Rev. q. Waters opened with an address,
which was followed by singing in the
Indian language and dialogue by three
little boys. Mrs. Waters and Nora
Waters rendered duet on the organ and
two Blackfeet boys gave dialogue, which
was interpreted by Mr.. Shuster. "Hold
the Fort" by Mrs. Waters, Il speech by
James Isaac, song by Rev. Waters, and
paniment, followed in their order. after
which the tree was stripped, much to the
pleasure of all hands. On Sunday the
church was crowded to hear the Christ
mas sermon by Mr.. Waters.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1897-12-30
SANTA CLAUS RBIGNBD
This Popular Ruler was Only EnthrOned
Throughout the City Last Friday.
CHRISTMAS WAS FlTTINCLY OBSERVED
The Public schools, st. JOsePh's
Academy, tho sunday schools
and many Private Families All
Aid she Proper Thing.

The spirit of Christmas was fully alive
in the public schools. In the Columbia
building Misses Young and Sherwood
presided over q regulation Christmas tree
and also entertained Miss Rodman's
class, which was dismissed early for the
occasion. On the upper floor the older
scholars also held appropriate exercises.
In the Central building Miss Haines
and Miss Kingsbury took the lead among
the little folks. The room was nicely
decorated with evergreens and stencil
borders, an appropriate program was car
ried out, and every child received small
present. The High School scholars gave
quite an elaborate program and had a
very hattering attendance OF visitors.
They remembered their three teachers in
very appropriate manner by presenting
Mrs. Stair volume of Tennyson's poems,
Prof. Plumb one of Burns, and Supt. st.
John copy of Scott's.
AMONG THE CHURCHES.
The Presbyterian Church was filled
full at an early hour Christmas eve, with
an audience mostly composed of children,
who assembled to have a good time, and
they had it. An hour or more was taken
up with Rotations and songs appropriate
to the occasion, after which Santa Claus
suddenly made bis appearance and glad
dened the hearts OF the children present
with gift to each of generous bag of
candy, nuts and oranges.
At the Christian Church a Juvenile
csntata entitled. "How We Waited for
Santa Claus" was given by members Of
the Sunday School. The affair was
arranged by Mrs. Stevens, assisted by
some OF the other ladies, and its produc-
ton was decided credit to them. Little
Ruth Adams did exceptionally well and
Nita Foster is also deserving of special
mention. At the proper time. after Jack
Frost had charmed the children to sleep,
Santa Claus emerged from a fire place
and performed his important part to the
satisfaction Of all present
The children belonging to the Catholic
Sunday School were treated to a Christ
mas tree at the Academy on Christmas
afternoon. Appropriate exercises were
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1897-12-30
A Sure Thing for You.

A transaction in which you cannot lose
is sure thing. Biliousness, sick head
ache, furred tongue, fever, piles and a
thousand other ills are caused by consti-
patton and sluggish liver. Cascarets
Can ~ Cathartic, the wonderful new liv-
er stimulant and intestinal tonic are by
all druggists guaranteed To cure or
money refunded. G. c. c. are sure
thing. Try box to- day; 10 :, DC, 80,
Sample and booklets free. All druggists.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1897-12-30
Two millions n Year.

When people buy, try, and buy agai-,
1t means they're satisfied. The people of
the United states are now buying Cssca-
rets Candy Csthsrtic At the rate of two
million boxes year and it will he three
million before New Years II means
merit proved that Cascsi cts are the most
delightful bowel regulator for every body
the year round. All druggists Toe De.
SOC box. cure guaranteed.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1897-12-30

II will not cure everything. Ii Is not
claimed that it will cure bat one com
plant. that is. dyspepsia. We cannot
say that it will cure every case OF dys-
pepsia, but it will cure large majority
OF them. Such cases AS are adapted to
it's use will derive immediate benefit.
One small bottle will be sufficient to
test it.
The Shaker Digestive Cordial il espec-
tally adapted for emaciated or elderly peo-
pie whose food does them but little or no
good because it is not digested. The Cor
dial contains an artificially digested food
and is a disester Of food happily CON.
bined. Read one of the little books
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1897-12-30

That is the way all druggists sell
GROVES TASTELESS CHILL TONIC
for ChiIls and Malaria. 1t is simply Iron
and Quinine in a tas,eless form. Chll-
dren love it. Adults prefer it to bitter,
nauseating Tonics, Price. SOC. Sold by
Roaf & Stout.