davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilson times. [volume] (Wilson, N.C.) 1896-19??, 1897-07-09

JACK CHERRY, Sheriff,
J. D. BARDIN, Clerk of Superior Court.
G II. GRIFFIN, Register of Deeds,
S. H. TYSON, Treasurer,
F. w. TAYLOR, Standard Keeper,
WIN. HARRIss, Coroner,
J. T. REYEL, Surveyor
The Wilson times. [volume] (Wilson, N.C.) 1896-19??, 1897-07-09
POLICE f.:

w. P. SNAKENBERG, Chief.
IvEy HARRELL, FRANK FELTON,,
EPHRIAM HARRELL.
JAMES MARSHBOURNE.
The Wilson times. [volume] (Wilson, N.C.) 1896-19??, 1897-07-09
DIRECTORY.
DEPARTURE OF TRAINS.
LOCAL TRAINS.

N Bound. S. Bound.
Between Florence and Weldon,
No. IS. No. %
I;42 P. NJ. Leaves Wilson 2:o5 P. M.
Between Wilmington and Norfolk
No. IS. No. 4o.
1916 P. NJ. Leaves Wilson, 2:I2 P. M.
Shoe Fly Wilmington to Rocky
Mount:
No. do. No. al.
1928 P. NJ. Leaves Wilson, 6:I5 A. NJ.
THROUGH TRAINS:
Between Florence and Weldon:
No. 80. No. IS
1922 T. NJ Leaves Wilson, IIIS p. M.
LOCAL FREIGHT-NORTH BOUND:
Leaves Wilson 7:o5 A. NJ
The Wilson times. [volume] (Wilson, N.C.) 1896-19??, 1897-07-09
THROUGH TRAINS /.

LOCAL FREIGHT-NORTH BOUND
Leaves Wilson 7:o5 A. NJ
The Wilson times. [volume] (Wilson, N.C.) 1896-19??, 1897-07-09
COUNTY OFFICERS.

COUNTY OFFICERS.
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS.
r. S. CLARK, Chairman.
JOHN c. HADLEY, THos. FELTON,.
SHADE FELTON,, !. H. NEwsoM.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
WELL SAID.

''Fancy farmers" or the owners of
''fancy" stock are frequently ridiculed,
but it is due to their willingness to inn
prove their stock and their persistency
in adhering to their belief in something
better than scrubs that the farmer is
benefited. The man of capital goes on
with his improvement of stock, and
may suffer loss at first, but after awhile
he begins to make profits, the farmer
being lifted up with him, as the farm
on which improved breeds are special
ties becomes a fountain source from
which superior animals are distributed
in all directions Market Basket.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
WEEKLY DIGEST
Of Experiment Station Bulletins.
No 90

prepared by J. Linn Ladd. ard condensed for
readers If The Progressive FarmerJ
SOIL IMPROVEMENT
This is the subject of bulletin 46 OF
Arkansas Station and bulletin 80 Of
Ohio Station.
While the cotton soils of Arkansas
have not become worn and exhausted
to the extent common in the older cot
ton States, they are gradually reaching
that condition on the older upland
farms, and unless the farmers reform
their cultural methods the time is near
when they will have to resort to com.
mercial fertilizers to feed their crops of
corn, wheat and cotton-a thing thus
far unknown to them.
To put them upon warming and to in
struct them In the best methods OF re-
storing and maintaining the fertility
of the upland soils were the objects of
the experiments described in bulletin
46
Cotton culture is exceedingly clean
culture, hence it rapidly exhausts soil
of it's humus or decayed vegetable mat,
ter. HunIus gives up nitrogen, let's in
air, retains moisture and absorbs heat
A soil exhausted of humus is hard, dry
and cold, and such a-sol washes away
more rapidly than one bound together
by humus.
The object of rotation of crops is to
keep the soil covered in winter as well
as spring, thus preventing teaching
and washing, and to keep up supply
Of nitrogen and humus by growing an
occasional crop of clover or COW peas,
which gather nitrogen from the air,
and whose roots and stubble supply
the humus, as do the roots and stubble
OF wheat, oats, rye, barley, etc.
The following table shows the mum
Der of pounds the three chief fertilizing
elements in a ton of dry matter (Ofter
all water is driven eff by heaO in the
leading crops grown in Arkansas:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
TIMOTHY ON SANDY SOIL.

Timothy grass is often sown on sandy
soil, not because it is especially adapted
to it, but because sandy soil is not
easily seeded with anything, and
timothy, which can be sown late in
summer and all through the fall, sue
ceeds rather better than the grasses
and clovers sown in spring. ALI sandy
soils are deficient in mineral plant
food. Timothy does not require much,
either of phosphate of potash, until its
seeds begin to form. It does not re-
quire one quarter as mu n of these
minerals or of lime as does clover, and
as it's roots run near the surface, it is
manured chiefly by the ammonia gath.
cred by falling rains in their passage
through the air. When once seeded
with timothy, the grass will remain in
sandy soil until it is starved out, and
moses take it's place.-AmeriCan Ag-
riculturist.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
Phos

Following are some Of the results Of
the rotation experiments:
Cotton following crop of COW peas
where the peas ripened and were gath
cred and the vines turned under, made
1, 400 pounds per acre. Where the pea
vines were cut for hay and only the
stubble turned under the c)tton made
1891 pounds per acre. Cotton on land
three preceding years in cotton made
but $50 pounds per acre. Cotton fol
lowing corn, where peas had been
planted in the corn, made 11O6 pounds
per acre.
Corn on four year cotton land yielded
16 bushels per acre. Corn on one year
cotton land yielded 26 bushels per acre.
Corn on pea stubble, 334 bushels per
acre, and where the vines were turned
under, 393 bushels per acre. Corn after
peanuts, 80 bushels per acre. Corn
after sorghum, 23B bushels per acre.
Corn after sweet potatoes. 2O8 bushels
per acre. Corn after corn, "a bushels
per acre. Corn after corn where peas
had been planted among corn previous
year, 344 bushels per acre.
Wheat after COW peas yielded 1900
pounds grain and straw per acre.
Wheat after corn silage crop, $50
pounds grain and straw per acre.
Barley on pea vine land, 27OO pounds
grain and straw per acre. Barley on
cotton land, 1900 pounds per acre.
Rye on pea vine land, 27OO pounds
grain and straw per acre. Rye on cot
ton land, 14OO pounds per acre.
In the fertilizer tests it was found
that nitrogen from cotton seed or cot
ton seed meal was cheaper than from
nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia,
and the best forms Of phosphoric acid
and potash are acid phosphate and
kainit.
The extensive growers of strawber
ries and Irish potatoes, who are the
only people in Arkansas to use com
mercial fertilizers thus far. find cotton
seed and cotton seed meal cheaper than
any commercial fertiliz ,rs they can
get. Both are fine cattle foods and
nine tenths of their fertilizing virtues
may be recovered in the manure and
urine of the cattle where these are
carefully saved and applied to the soil
fresh daily.
Were cotton seed are used as fer
tilixer they should be crushed before
applying. This is much better than
composing. Besides the great labor
of composing there is always q loss of
nitrogen. Only the most extensive
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12

There is in cities comparatively little
demand for clover hay, the idea being
that it is good only for COWS and should
never be given to horses. This is q
mistake. Glover hay is much more
nutritious than timothy or any of the
meadow grasses. It has also much
greater manurial value, and for this
reason it ought to be fed always on the
farm where it is grown. In most mar
kets clover hay sells for little more
than it's value as a manure to put on
the soil. This does not mean, however,
that it pays to grow clover to be
pIowed under. That would lose all ite
feeding value, most of which can be re,
tanned in the manure in better condi.
tion to decay and furnish available
plant food than it was in the clover it.
self.-American Agriculturist.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
COTTON Sled WASTE.

''Cotton seed waste, which a genera
tion ago accumulated at the gin houses,
filed up the streams, rotted in the
fields, and became an irritating nuis-
anCe, isnow worth about thirty mil.
lion Nllars a year." writes William
GeoE Drdan on "Wonders of the
Worlds Waste, " in the October Ladies'
Home Journal every bale Of cot
ton leaves a legacy of half ton Of
seed, which, it is said, brings the plan
ter nearly as much as his cotton. The
oil is used for finer grades Of soap, as q
substitute for lard, and is 80 near olive
oil that an expert can hardly detect
the difference. The hulls are fed to
cattle, make an excellent fuel, are
valuable as paper stock, and when
burned the ashes make q fertilizer
which is most efficRcious. It has re-
Gently been discovered that cotton seed
oil, with addition of eighteen per cent.
Of crude India rubber, makes an imita-
tion which capnot be distinguished
from genuine rubber"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
ADVANTAGES OF FALL FLOWING

The advantages of fall blowing over
the same operation in the spring are
dweit upon by Prof. Ell. Snyder OF the
College of Agriculture of the Univer-
sity Of Minnesota.
Fall blowing keeps the humus and
nitrogen Of the soil in better condition
than late spring plowing. Nitrif1cation
goes on in the soil until quite late in
the fall and in the South the process
goes on the entire year. The change is
most rapid near the surface, where
there is plenty Of oxygen from the air.
In early fall blowing the available nj
trogen formed from the humus is near
the surface, where it does the sprout-
ing seeds and the young crops the most
good. With late spring plowing, this
available nitrogen is brought to the
surface.
In old soils the process of nitrifica.
tlon does not go on rapidly enough to
furnish available nitrogen to the crop.
In new soil the process of nitrifica-
tion is liable to go on toorapidly. Deep
blowing and thorough cultivation aid
in nitriication. Hence the longer the
soil is cultivated, the deeper and more
thorough must be its preparation.
Flowing must be done at the right
time, preferably in the fall, so as not
to interfere with the next years water
supply. The application of lime and
wood ashes aids in the reduction of
nitrogen of humus to available forms,
and prevents the formation of sour
mold. Good drainage is also necessary
to nitrifcation in the soil. In water
logged soils the humus does not decom-
pose nominally, but peat is produced
on account of the absence of oxygen.
We thus see that tnitrification, although
sometimes serious source of loss, may
be largely controlled by careful man
Rgement of the SOIL
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
WHY RAISE FURaBRRD STOCK ?

Notwithstanding all that has been
said in favor of purebred stock and all
that has been given in the way of ex
ample by those who believe that i'm
proved stock is best, there is a great
deal of scrub stock in the country yet.
To be sure it is getting sCarcer, but it
is a matter to wonder at that there is
any of the old-fashioned Improbable
stock left in the country.
There is no money in raising scrub
stock except under the most favorable
conditions, and under such conditions
puresred stock will be more profitable
than it would ordinarily. With the
best care in the way of shelter and feed
scrub stock is always scrub, and sells
at the low quotation, while given we'll
bred stock with good care and the best
feed it brings the top of the market
1t does not pay to keepI stock unless
it is kept we'll. 1t is Impossible to starve
money into stock, but very easy to
starve it out. If we are to spend our
time in keeping stock as it should be
kept, we may much better 60 little
farther and keep good stock in order
to obtain the best possible results from
our labor, says an exchange.
Purebred or high grade stock, if
given good care and feed, respond by
making extra growth, while scrub
stock has not been bred with a view to
quick maturity and will not grow be-
yond q certain point, no matter how
well kept.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12

A correspondent of THE PROGRESSIVE
FARMER gives the following as sure
method of keeping onions from sprout.
ing: Any time after the onions have
been drawn and cured for say two
months, take sharp knife and remove
the hard projection on the bottom that
contains the roots. It may be better
to excavate this hard substance slightly
below level, but care should be taken
not to iDjure the surrounding parts.
Onions thus treated will not sprout and
will keep In good condition long after
onions not so treated have ruined from
gprouting.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12

planters can afford to own crusher,
but half dozen neighboring farmers
may own one jointly.
But the cheapest way to get nitrogen
is to grow COW peas, cut them with a
high stubble, feed the hay and cotton
seed TO cattle and sheep, turn under
the stubble, and apply the manure to
the soil. and the freight on the bsef,
muttor, butter and wool will be much
less than or bulky farm crops.
Only the lighter sandy soils of the
pine regions of the southern part of
the State need potash or phcsphoric
acid. Let every farmer try these on a
small plot, and if he finds they benefit
the crops apply them to the crops of
COW peas.
Follow every crop OF cotton, corn or
sorghum with crimson clover, rye, oats
or barley to keep the soil covered in
winter and to restore humus to the soil.
It hillsides are washed terrace them.
Give thorough summer tillage, as this
increases nitrificetion and preserves
moisture. But never turn under a
green crop in hot weather; it sours the
soil Let it lie on the ground till fall.
In nutshell, the secret of maintain
ing soil fertility may be given in five
words rotate crops and grow stock.
The OHIO tests showed that clay soils
need phosphoric acid more than either
nitrogen or potash, while the sandy
soils needed potash most. For contin-
uous grain growing nitrogen wasneeded
most, but in a good rotation complete
fertiljz n gave best results.
However, no commercial fertilizer
returned profit on staple farm crops
Barn yard manure gave value of 81
to 81 so per ton.
As at the Arkansas station, the con
clusion at the Ohio station ia that crop
rotation (using clover instead of COW
peas) and live stock growing offer the
gdrest and cheapest means of maintain
ing soil fertility.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
.GRICULTURE.

IA Southern Planter for October
e she good advice: Let all barns,
s}ss and sheds have a thorough over
Lag and be made ready for the
e. After repairing all roofs, siding
Ioors, have them thoroughly
nj out, and then give them a
oat of limewash, both inside and
-- you going to send your boy to
s.ricultural college this yearG 1t
Z. aesira is to see him q thoroughly
late farmer, prepared to meet all
aergencies OF life, which is be-
) SO C ,mplex with the worlds
| and progress, you cannot &C
sh it any other way 80 satisfac-
to all concerned. Farmers
-a' things are absolutely necessary
re a good crop, remarks an ex-
>. They are light, heat, moisture
+ ttility of the soil. These things
e found in the soil and the ele,
Ill Add to this the thorough cul-
(which the farmer must supply
u have all the conditions neces
produce a perfect crop.
actical horseman of twenty-five
experience with trotters, road
nd draft horses, says: "Every
ror draft horse that works hard
have a mash at night. The last
the day is, of course, the hard
1When the horse comes in every
his body needs rest. The mash
as nutritious as hard grAin and
more easily digested."
clean. That is to say, first clean
/ thoroughly. Have your
your skin, your hands and
alls clean. Next wipe off the
ldder and hanks with q damp
II the udder is filthy, wash it
y and wipe it dry. Then and
aly are you ready to draw the
ON the COW. Finally, again,
'an' Get all the milk out.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12

1t is mainly through the agricultural
press that the fine points Of one nations
agriculture are communicated to an
other and the level of the farmers
achievements is kept rising all over the
world. People who come in contact
with the conductors Of that press know
them for q set of brainy, observant fell
lows, ever on the alert to catch, for
presentation to their readers, the new
est and best things in bucolic lore.-
st. Paul Pioneer Press.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12

It is thought that there viii be very
little frost bitten tobacco In North
Carolina this year. The hot weather
caused it to mature rapidly and very
little Of it is now unfit Tor cutting.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
-. CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALL
kECE.

ANOE.
.zidant-Jno. Graham, Ridgeway,
=. President B. Upchurch,
- vile. n. Q.
..retary -Tres surer-J.T. B.Hoover,
AFRO. n. @.
ale s1.5, Business Agent-T. B. Parker
;. soIrT' ,Inre'rEDr. ~ V. N. seawell, Villa
srstsnt Lecturer B. Brick
- Mackev Ferry, N. @.
Esnlsin-W. 8. Mercer, Moyock,
Sa.keeper-Geo. T. Lane, Green's
4, ,tapt Door r-keeper-Jas. E. Lyon,
a@a1ntr,,at-Arms-A. a. ia DIX. Wallace,
5 ~+se business Agency Fund-W.
ham, Machpelah, N. Q.
TIVE COMMITTEE OF TIE NORTH
.p LIMA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE.
2, Denmark, Chairman, Raleigh,
i Graham, Ridgeway, N. @:
B. Fleming, Ridgeway, n. ..
\ Hleman, Concord, N. Q.
JB Alexander, Charlotte, n. g.
omas D. Oldham, Teer, N. Q.
re ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE.
JE Person, Pikeville. N. O.
5. Barnes, Raleigh, n. Q.
H1ev 8iIIsbOrO N @.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
JUDICIARY.

southworth, Denver, Colo.
sT Beck, Alabama.
n D8vie, Kentucky.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
sATIoNAL FARMERS ALI
lNCR AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.

Ident-M Mann Page, Brandon,
- President-O. Vincent, Indian,
{, Ind.
etary Treasurer-W. P. Bricker,
Station, Pa.
LECTURERS.
Sossamon, Charlotte, N. Q.
lin V. Poore, Bird Island, MINI.
Peirsol, Parkersburg, W. Va.
TONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
IN Page, Brandon, Va; r. A.
/ Vorth, Denver, Col. ; John Bre-
y. Va. A. B. Welch, New York
Gardner, Andrews Settlement,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12

~ Of the GbO0e-F5GEIed papers are
led to keep the list stGT1df1lg on!
5t pGge and add others, proU9deG
re duly elected. any paper JG:!-
advocate the OcGLG platform tgStE
9ped from the list promptly. Our
~ can 7aOSU gee t0hGt papers are
ted in their interest.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12

"The Progress
siVe Farmer % q
good paper-M
above the aver
age -And possibly
the best GdvertiSa
ing medium In NJ.
c." Printers Inl,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12

Carolina Reform Press Association.
ers-J. L. Ramsey, President ;
Butler, Vice President /; w. y.
4, Secretary,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12
FEEDING FODDER.
r. M. ALLEN CNebraska }

4 Written for the quarterly report of the Kan
4 sas State Board of Agricultural
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12

The Progress
Farmer 10 q
I'd paper---hr
re the aver
S-and possibly
best advertiS'
medium in M.
Printers Ink.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1897-10-12

prepared by J. Linn Ladd. ard condensed for
readers If The Progressive FarmerJ
The Topeka state journal., 1897-12-03
SAILS THE AIR.
Inventor of the Maxim Gun Has
Built a Craft
That Flies Through the Air at
100 Miles an Hour.
SEEN LAST SUMNER.
1t Was His Ship That Attracted
SO Much Attention.
From the Pacific to Cleveland
and Back in Three Days.

New KensingtOn, Pa, Dec. 3.-Aerial
navigation is said to be an accomp-
lished fact Hiram S. Maxim, invent
or of the Maxim gun, who has spent
years on the invention of an air ship,
has built one of New Kensington alumni
mum. He says that he has Travelled
across the continent and back in his
vessel, and has speeded it to 100 miles
an hour.
Some months ago it was announced
that the Pittsburg Reduction company
had received g. large order from the At
lantlc and Pacific Aerial Navigation
company. The order was for large
number of aluminium sheets, to be one
hund1edth of an inch thick, two feet
wide and sixteen feet in length. 7
bars, riVets and various other pieces of
the same material were ordered at the
same time. Not long after this the or
der was duplicated To show that the
company meant business, the cash
amounting to several thousand dollars
was sent with each order.
Mr. Maxim furnishes the following
description of his vessel The dimen-
SlOnS are: Cylinder, 80 feet 2 inches in
diameter and 80 feet in length; length
OF forward cone, so feet; length of after
cone, As feet; total length 158 feet 1t
occupies 1O6,O00 cubic feet of space. The
propelling power is a los horsepower
naphtha engine. The cylinder, engine
and every part of the machine, so far
as practicable, is made of aluminium,
company here. The ship will weigh
about 5000 pounds and will carry more
than ton of provisions and passen-
gers. The naphtha for the engine will
be stored in cases which hold enough
to drive the ship around the earth
without replenishing the tanks. The
skin of the ship is double and filled with
hydrogen gas. 1t will be confined in
separate compartments, and will be in
the upper part of the vessel and in the
cones.
The tail that projects upward from
the stern of the ship directs it up or
down as a bird directs it's movements
with it's tail. The rudder changes the
course from right to left. Motive pow
er is secured by the big aeroplane at the
stern, which is driven by the naphtha
engine. A speed of 100 miles an hour
has been attained without difficulty.
At this rate the trip across the conti-
nent would be q tWenty-four hours
as Mr.. Maxim is able to make a tour
of the world in ten days instead of
eighty.
Last summer great excitement was
caused in Kansas City, Denver, st.
Louis, Chicago and other western cit
les by the appearance of what was said
to be an airship, floating over these cit
les by night. All that could be seen
was red and green lights, such as a
nation was gained about the nocturnal
visitor until some months had elapsed
Then it was learned that the Atlantic
and Pacific Navigation company had
built an airShip. 1t is asserted that it
Travelled from San Francisco as far
east as Cleveland, Ohio, making the
round trip journey in three days time.
The Topeka state journal., 1897-12-03
REJECT POOR TEAS.
About 200 Packages lnsthe Last
Six MonthsG

New York, Dec. 3.-Large quantities
of adulterated teas have been rejected
at this port within the last six months
by Appraiser w. F. Wakeman and his
assistants, under the stringent law
passed last March, which became oper-
ative May 1.
Yesterday 1000 packages of Ping
Suey tea, each weighing about 50
pounds, were rejected at the apprais-
er'S stores.
Under the laws the importers have
six months time in which to ship back
the goods. In case they fail to do so,
it then devolves upon the collector of
the port to destroy the teas, which is
done by burning them. When seen
yesterday Mr.. Wakeman said:
''Since the law became operative
about $1,000 packages of inferior teas
have been inspected. They are all green
teas and known as second pickings,
which usually reach here about this
time of the year. Hence the large
quantity which has been rejected re-
Gently"
The market values of the Ping-Suey
teas range from IA to % cents a pound
according to the customs officials who
were seen yesterday so that the value
of the teas rejected at this port since
May last is in the neighbOrhood of
100000.