davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-12-05
From The Baltimore Sun.

from Norfolk Va. Its reputation began about
a hundred years ago with the hams cured by u
Mr. Todd OF Smithteld. Its sale is extensive.
extending to all the larger cities OF the Union.
and some of the thirty thousand hams produced
yearly go To Europe to meet the demand Of
connoisseurs Of the Old World. Much Of the
product is sold in England and France to private
parties. who order their hams before the crop
is cured"
Western pigs have been imported and fattcned
az well as cured AT Smthiird but the meat was
unsatisfactory. being coarse compared with The
local product Strange 10 say the animal which
produces the Incompatible "Smithcld ham IS
the "razor-back' hog, sem-wd friend
less. not to say odious variety which is found
in the MOUNTAINS of Virginia Kentucky ana
Tennessee. This variety is described as long
uoscd sah-sidci and like a race horse. with
legs Il extraordinary length II has a bad name
among farmers who breed fine stock but FOR
ham it has mo- equal
Much depends on the proper feeding and upon
no curing ~ the hams For a time in The
Youth of The "razor-hack'' b.. is allowed in The
summer 20 run Wild iu the woods and gain nus
Eamy flavor. when ho is turned into fields from
which crops have been gathered. where h. be-
gins to fdtten. or This iatt"nine process fhe i'-
port Says. "ln the fall whom ti" corn eron has
boon gathered be- hogs arr turned into ~"
corn fields lu th,s. fields eyer. other inW has
been planted 10 blacl-c>r d peas ard the hogs
an. allowed to gather these and the small corn
mat has been left iu the n'd Whom turned
into th.s, fields they arc icr! thin. The feed
they get ther" causes them to begin 20 faften
rapidly. A. the potatoes arc gath rcd The hogs
are allowed % follow in these fields ami get fh"
small potatoes that at' irfi ln tho district
which Produces the most Smitntold hams there
arn a great many sweet potatoes and peanuts
raised ana the hogs are allowed irrr d' .ess to
those fields ass soon "s OBJ" crops are gathered
The putators and particularly tho 3nutS. add
FAT with astonishing rapiilt. lut thr iat is
very soft Peanut fa4 100 particular BIAS % trans
lucent oily character. which from ltf tendency
,.r.,, eh,iul,a,,. I'M the weight Aft.r ihe razor
back has cleaned up the fields the next step is 20
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-12-05

ly, was most in favor was advanced by the late
Charles Darwin over half century ago. in his
book on coral reefs. Briefly stated, 1t was
that an atoll is a monument Ell cted by nature to
the memory Of a drowned island. First. firing
ing reef had been formed on shore; then. as
the island slowly sank, the coral polyps contin-
ued to build upward. that the reef kept ris-
ing, and forming submarine causeway over
which the waves broke. till at last the whole of
the original land disappeared and ring Of coral
rock-the atoll-was left. incosing lagoon
Then this ring was raised above the level Of the
sea. owing 20 either the accumulation OF debris
or some slight upward movement of its founda-
tons.
But Of late years Darwin's arguments have
been more than once attacked. Several critics
have urged that, far the coral islands
themselves bore any testimony to the direction
in which they might have moved this
generally the opposite to what it ;ht to have
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-12-05

ures accumulate rapidly, and these after time
make a fitting foundation for the reef-buildng
coras. which form comparatively shallow bed
That however, only showed that there were
places where a simpler explanation suffced than
the one which Darwin had proposed.
But several other rival hypothesis have been
advanced which directly grapple with the ques-
ton OF atoll building, and do this without APP
peang to subsistence Perhaps the one which
has attracted the greatest notice is that advo-
Gated by DR.. John Murray as the result OF his
experience in the Challenger expedition. He
supposed the volcanoes were in reality the
foundation OF atolls. but that In many cases
the crater which had once risen above sea level
had been washed away by the waves. while in
others the erupiions had ceased when the sum-
NIT OF the rising mass was still long way
below them In the one case everything was
ready for the coral polyps to begin; in the other
the minute floating organisms that are so album
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-12-05


PORTING DARwIN's THEORY AS TO THE
FORMATION OF CIRCULAR REEFS.
Coral reefs have been for long like marine
fairyland to the ordinary traveller and per
pexity to the scientific student. 1t was only
three or four years ago that Mr.. Savile- kents
beautiful Photographic illustrations of the Great
Barrier Reef of Australia made their appear
ence familiar to those who cannot visit tropic
seas. and now large class OF problems con-
nected with their structure and the history
Of their building are in fair way OF being
solved
According to advices received by the Royal
Society, given by The London Standard"
which confirm in rather more precise terms
the statement already published. the second at
tempt to make deep boring in the atoll of
Funafuti has been a complete success. The
first one, in the summer Of 1896. failed. will
be remembered. in consequence Of the invest
gators being unproyidcd with the right kind Of
apparatus to cope with the peculiar and
expected condition of the rock at a depth of
some seventy or eighty feet from the surface.
They found the upper portion Of the reef less
coherent than had been anticipated. 1t was a
kind Of sponge or branching coral with the
interstices filled with sand. and after piercing
through this the drill descended into a loose
granular calcareous mass. which ran Ike so
much sludgc. Like the so-called sand above
il was not formed of mineral fragments but of
dust which had once been alive 1t prevented
the crown from working. The carbonadocs
that would have cut a hole into the hardest
rock were useless against This scmi-nuid mass
and the lining tubes could not be forced down
into it. because here and there hard Jumps Of
coral occurred like powders in glacial clay
and bent up the edge of the metal So. after
two attempts in different parts Of the island.
the party. as time and funds were becoming
equally exhausted. obliged 10 leave Funa-
futi.
In this undertaking. the Colonial Government
and some representatives of science in sgd
ney gave liberal aid To the party from England.
and when it failed they determined with the
cooperation OF the Royal Society. To- make
another attempt at Funaiuti. This has been
crowned by success. Professor Edgcwurth
praphcd that on September IL the boring. which
was still proceeding. had reached depth 81
GI3 feet. and that lor the last 10 feet IT had
passed through coral reef rock. In other words
beneath the ajon Of Funafut. and AT a depth
Of more Than go feet from the surface. there is
dead and gon- reef not less than l2O feet in
thickness.
The discovery is Of the highest theoretical inn
portance. 1t is "A mootcd point among those who
have studied the subject how coral islands have
been formed. The hypothesis which, tin recent
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-12-05
RAZOR-BACK HAMS.

VIRGINIA DELICACY THAT HAS A WIDE
REPUTATION.
From The Baltimore Sun.
In the twelfth and thirteenth annual reports
Of the Bureau Of Animal Industry Of the De-
partment OF Agriculture a high tribute is paid TO
the "Smithield ham," which is produced in Nir-
ginia in the counties of Isle of Wight Surrey,
Southampton and Nansemond An inspector OF
the Department of Agriculture has made a
special study of it's history and PREPARATION. The
fame Of the Smithfeld ham rs well established.
saws the report it's "only rival being the cele-
brated Westphalia ham, which many consider
to be Inferior" The name s derived from
small town on Pagan Creek about thirty miles
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-12-05
JipNE>r >rrDENT> ~ lBrEicL
I'rom Tho Caautauquau

From IN" Cnautauquau.
The United States and particularly California.
is NOW cducatiue tine younger generation ~
Iaran Already five bear diplomas from the
universities e this STATE. thr,, OF whom hay"
Graduated ia civil engineering. orc DID Sn'"u
science and one iu looiugy. ~ present there
an, fifteen students boa IA" universities. thre"
being at stanford and twelve at the University
of California OF these six are taking the
sncial science course. fitting themselves Ia D"
teachers IN japan three ar" stud, ing electrical
science two are taking mechanics. and there -
ou. each in the sciences Of medicine. dentistry,
chemistry and political ccon' nv
After completing their. c"urs" ~ the ini-
varsitv many II the students aspire 10 take
most gradual. courses in Eastern colleges. Thus
here. ar,, those NOW studying az johns HOPKINS.
AT Val, and al Cornell Many of those now at
tho University Of california. IN dcditlou Ia ihclr
ACCOMPLISHMENTS through such studies a. tn'y
are now pursuing have visions of seeking what
further polish the educational fields of Europe
can afford ultimately returning 10 Japan heavy
with parchmonts ami honoiS hIdIinK WIN i
sort of halo OF orudtion. ready 10 illuminate
m darkness
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-12-05

is true; but no instance has yet been dscOv-
cred OF their Aourishing in such numbers ana
vigor as to build reef. So that till this can
be produced. the Funafut boring is "fact for
Darwin"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-12-05
BORING IN A CORAL ISLAND.
CURIOUS SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION IN
THE SOUTH SEAS

EVIDENCE FINALLY SECURED AT FUNAFUTI SUI
PORTING DARwIN's THEORY AS TO THE
The Van Buren press. [volume] (Van Buren, Ark.) 1859-1914, 1897-01-30
Worse Than Reported.
From the Hot Sprin

From the Hot Springs News
Some time ago the News spoke OF the
terrible restitution among the people in
certain communities of this county
occasioned by the awful and unprece-
denied drouth of last year. The News
pointed to the fact that these unf0rtu
nate families must endure fearful suffer
ing unless aid were extended from some
quarter, and urged that the citizens of
our city meet and consider whether any
plan might be adopted to afford some
relief. The appeal was unheeded and
and nothing has been done. Mr.. w.
+. Moore, who has just returned from
trip through a portion of the drouth-
stricken section of this county, tells us
that the restitution Of many families is
far worse than our people realize, and
that unless some plan be devised to
extend aid so that these unfortunate
citizens may be able to make crop
they will not only suffer great distress
but be ruined and compelled to part
with their farms for bread. Mr.. Moore
says these farmers have farms worth
from $500 to 20 900, and that they are
perfectly willing to pledge their
property for supplies enough to enable
them to make crops. He thinks our
citizens should organize committee or
association which could secure the
financial aid necessary and take
mortgages for security, and thus give
these people chance
The Van Buren press. [volume] (Van Buren, Ark.) 1859-1914, 1897-01-30
NAV Arrest Them as Pirates.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 23.-Since the
decision of Judge Locke several days
ago at Jacksonville, Fla. in the case
of the supposed filibuster Three Friends,
Attorney General Harmon has given
the question raised by the defense care
full consideration, and has reached the
conclusion that the decision was not
good law.
The decision was to the effect that the
law inhibiting the Quitting and
departure from the United States of
armed expeditions to aid a people in its
contest against the lawful authority of
a nation with which the United States
is ON friendly terms does not apply to
the Cuban insurgents, they not being a
people within the meaning of the law.
The attorney general takes a view
directly in opposition to that announced
by Judge Locke, and in order that the
matter may be brought to speedy
determination he has applied to the
United States supreme court for a writ
of certiorari on the United States court
of appeals at New Orleans, directing
that the case be at once certified to the
United States supreme court for trial.
The attorney general, in speaking OF
the matter today. said that if Judge
Locke Interpretation Of the law that
these expeditions are non political is
correct, it necessarily follows that
persons engaged in them are pirates
and that he was seriously considering
the question of arresting them as such
The attorney general is very much il
earnest in this matter, and it is not al
all unlikely that heroic steps will bt
taken to put a stop to the expedition:
which are constantly being set afoot IL
aid of the Cuban insurgents.
The Van Buren press. [volume] (Van Buren, Ark.) 1859-1914, 1897-01-30
One Caught.

A great deal of pilfering of one kind
or another has been going on for some
time around Van Buren,, which has
been generally laid onto tramps, but
which we think will be found to have
been committed by some of the lazy
whites and negroes living right here,
who are never known to do q days
work, yet never miss meal.
About $3.50 Sunday morning Officer
Barrier was informed that Lloyd s
grocery in the East End had been
broken into, so jumping into the express
companies wagon he drove post haste
out there. When nearing the scene of
the burglary he noticed man sneaking
along. So jumping from the vehicle he
called TO him to stop when the man
proceeded to use his ''trilhy s. in a
manner that would have soon left the
officer wondering where he was at,
when the latter bethought himself of
his trusty gun and sent a shot after him
which soon brought the fugitive to a
stop. 1t was found to be a negro named
Cole Caldwell and he was promptly
lodged in jail.
On the way the officer extracted the
information from Caldwell that VIII
Dickinson, another negro, was the
brain power that directed the raid and
that he-Csldwell-vas only carrying
out instructions when Overtaken; that
Dickinson told him be had already taken
an armful of groceries earlier in the
morning. Dickinson could not be
found at his usual hsunts and q search
for goods failed to reveal anything.
but, never the less, the officers feel
satisfied that he was connected with the
burglary and warrants are out for his
arrest.
There are a number of negroes-and
whites Solving in Van Buren, who
are never known to work, no matter
how plentiful it is. who it will bear to
watch.
The Van Buren press. [volume] (Van Buren, Ark.) 1859-1914, 1897-01-30
The Fire Department.

The annual election of officers for the
Van Buren, fire department was held at
the mayor Office last Tuesday evening.
Mr. H. G. Pernot, who has for the
past year filled the Office of chief, was
re elected for that Office for the ensuing
year-a well merited recognition of the
services of one Of the coolest and
hardest working members of our depart
ment. MIR. Pernot has proven himself
the right man for the place,
H. c.. Wood was elected assistant
chief and Messrs. Jno. Kerwin and l..
H. Southmayd were re- elected re-
spectively secretary and treasurer Of
the department.
Our fire department is something in
which our citizens should take great
deal of interest and pride. Since its
organization a number of fires have
been subdued without serious loss,
which without an organized department
would have destroyed thousands OF
dollars worth of property. Therefore
it is nothing more than right that all aid
possible should be extended them in
their efforts and if nothing more self
interest should dictate such help.
The Van Buren press. [volume] (Van Buren, Ark.) 1859-1914, 1897-01-30
Hood Sarsaparilla and Pills for sale
at JOHN O'KANE S DRUG STORE.
Patronize Home Industries.

Generally speaking, the following
extract from an article in a recent issue
of the Arkansas Democrat is applicable
to home enterprises in nearly every
town in this state, Van Buren, not
excluded:
Our people are a perverse generation.
They cry for home enterprises, and
when they get them they let them starve
to death. And in this way they keep
the country poor. Little good it does
to start mills, factories and workshops
if we do not think enough Of them and
of our own interest to give them our
patronage. 1t ought to be a rule-fxed
and unvarying-t support all worthy
home enterprises in preference to those
in other states. We must come to it if
we expect to build up Arkansas, and
the sooner we get about it, the better.
The Van Buren press. [volume] (Van Buren, Ark.) 1859-1914, 1897-01-30
Prospecting for Oil In the Territory.
A special dispatch to the Chicago
Record from Washington says:

A special dispatch to the Chicago
Record from Washington says
The Cudahy brothers, of Chicago,
are furnishing the capital for the
development of petroleum prospects
down in the Indian Territory. Three
experiment wells are being bored near
Muscogee, Eufaula and Red Fork, and
considerable oil has been found, but
the agents of the Cudahys have success
fully concealed the results. and the
quality of the oil and its extent have
been made known only to their
employers. Some years ago wells were
bored at Neodesha, in Kansas, Just
north of the Territory line, and large
tract Of that country is still covered
with derricks, but the flow has not been
sufficient to enable the prospectors to
compete with the Standard Oil company
and the oil fields of the eastern states
The theory Of biologists, who have
made an investigation, is that Neodesha
drills touched the edge or Off shoot oil
in the Territory.
For several years good deal OF coal
mining has been done in small area
about two thirds of the distance south
leases with the Indians approved by
the government. The more these
deposits have been developed the greater
the promise this field has held out.
Within recent period this coal has
been found to be valuable for coking
Indian Territory coke is now exported
to Mexico by the smelters. Near
Eufaula coke ovens costing $50, 900 have
been constructed. A government geo
logical party began work last fall under
DR.. Hill, "A practical man who was
formerly in Texas service and had much
to do with the defining of the artesian
water belt of that state. In his recent
exploration, which Is to be resumed in
the spring, he went far enough to
satisfy himself that the Indian Territory
coal field is going to prove of much
greater extent than the workings thus
far Indicate. His theory is that the
coal measures will be found as far north
as Muscogee This would give a field
equal to about one third of the area of
the Territory. Besides coal DR.. Hill
predicts that there will be found plenty
of oil. He says the geological con
ditions all indicate it. If these expect
ations are realized the Indian Territory
subdividsd and allotted and thrown
open to enterprise, will prove a more
important addition to the American
commonwealth than any Of tine recent
new states. IL will surprise some
Z persons to learn that the Territory ant
reservations now have a population Of
BOG, 900 people.
The Van Buren press. [volume] (Van Buren, Ark.) 1859-1914, 1897-01-30
State Patriots Organize.

Pursuant To a call Of the State Organizer, Mr..
f. S. Smith. OF Van Buren,. the delegates OF
nearly every lodge of the Patriots Of America in
the state met in convention at Fayetteville on
Saturday. Jan q 1877. for the purpose of effect.
ing provisional state organization.
Mfr f. S Smith was chosen chairman and
and Hugh Calen recorder. The committee on
credentials reported MI delegates entitled To
seats in the convention At Il o'clock the con
yenton adjourned To o'clock at which time
delegates were mostly in their seats and eager
to begin the serious work of organization.
When nom atoms for state Patriot were u
order Mr. John VIM, of Van Burel, very ably
and eloquently placed Mr.. Z. S Smith In nomi-
nation. When the name Of Washington county
was called d. Burgess. Of Fayetteville, placed
Prof Mcneil in nomination, whereapon Mr..
Smith, IN few well-chosen words thanked the
delegates of Crawford county for their loyalty
and zeal In his support aud then, ia Difference
TO the pre.eminent fitness of Prof Nc Neil with
drew in his favor Prof MeNeifs election was
made unanimous aud after lengthy discussion
along lines most dear to the Patriots, In when
nearly ali members participated adjournment
was had T. s. SMITH, Chairman.
II. {. ALLEN, Secretary.
The Van Buren press. [volume] (Van Buren, Ark.) 1859-1914, 1897-01-30
COOLEST IN YEARS.
Severe NOrther Swoops Down Upon
the Country and Causes
Much Suffering.

January 25th will 90 down In history
as one of the red letter days so far as
extreme cold is concerned. Below We
give few of thermoinetric readings In
different sections of the country, show
ing that the cold spell was general all
over the eastern half Of the continent.
At ST. Louis the thermometer
registered : below zero.
At Washington above with pros
poets of lower temperature.
AT Chicago-e0 below with heavy
fog making it more dangerous. One
death from exposure reported.
At Kansas City-6o below. Reports
from points in Kansas range about the
same.
Cleveland, O.. ,-15o below-within
81 of the lowest reached in twenty
years. Reports from northern Ohio
show temperature of from los to lb0
below with heavy SHOWS.
Pittsburg, Pa. Thermometer ranges
from 10 to 10o below in the city with
temperature 5o to ZOE lower in the
country.
Dubuque, la. .-22o below. Missouri
river frozen solid.
Cincinnati thermometer reads from
100 to 12o below.
Toledo, O. Lowest temperature in
twenty five years-18o below.
Minneapolis , below; at st. Paul
1t was 30 below.
ver-thermometer registered 50
to ZOE below temperature fell zoe in
fourteen hours
Sioux Clyde to 900 below.
Bloomington. Ill. .-l5o below.
Duluth, MINI. 30 below on the
ranges 1t is reported soc below.
Rockford, III. ,-thermometer regis
tered zoe below.
Des Moines, la. ITO below with
much drifting snow.
The Van Buren press. [volume] (Van Buren, Ark.) 1859-1914, 1897-01-30
Gu the Decline.
From the s.. Louis Republic

! From the n kouih IA PuohN
Government statistics show thai the
liauor traffic has been decreasing, the
difference in licenses between the years
1895 and 1896 being about 8, 400.
A study Of the interesting tables
furnished by the Internal Revenue
Bureau discloses the fact that the
decrease has not been confined to any
particular section, though there was a
slight increase in certain districts OF
Illinois, New York and California.
II is interesting to note also that In
the Indian Territory, where It Is
commonly supposed that the govern,
ment strictly prohibits the sale OF all
kinds of liquors, 121 licenses were
issued. In Alaska there were lH.
New York heads the list with az. 351
licenses. Illinois, Ohio and Pennsyl-
yapia are next in order, while Missouri
is ninth in the list with 8, 877 licenses.
These figures should in q measure be
consoling to the committee OF eminent
publicists and phiianthropists who bave
for the past three or four years been
collecting data on the rum traffic, with
a view of submitting to state legislatures
a plan for controlling it. This com
mittee consists of such men as Seth
Low. president of Columbia university
James G. Carter, the noted authority on
international law, and Charles w.
Elliot, president of Harvard university.
They employed learned statists to travel
from stats 10 state and make abstracts
of the various liquor laws. The report
is lengthy one.
The report says: ut is evident that
methods which succeed in one locality
do not necessarily succeed In another,
1t gives prohibition credit for accom-
plishing considerable good in certain
sections, but, az practical deterrent,
pronounces it u failure. Considerable
space i. devoted to the promoters of
drink in places where the law forbids 1t,
and under this head the proprietors of
drug stores are roundly scored. AT
their doors is laid the almost total
failure of prohibition in Iowa, and the
druggists were also the circumventing
influence against the prohibitory laws
of Maine.
The committee holds that to place the
question of the liquor traffic under the
supervision of the local constabulary is
the very worst system that could be
devised, for nowhere have they been
found to enforce the law. 1t concludes
with preference for license supervision
bv appointment from the governor, as
is the case of Missouri.