davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1897-10-01
THREE JOANS.
Greece, Brazil and Cuba Furnish Each
n Specimen of Fighting Women.

n Specimen Of Fighting Women.
lido not know whether Sandhurst and
Cooper's Hill will ever be called upon
like Cambridge, to decide upon the
question of women candidates. but it
is not surprising that modern woman
with her varied activities, should emu.
late Joan of Arc. Three notable cases
have occurred recently in Greece, Bra.
I'll and Gu ba. The modern Helen. as
she has already been nicknamed, is a
lovely Trojan girl, Helena CONSTANT
hides. Her family had suffered much
from the Turks; her brother died
fighting, and her arrival in Athens was
hailed with enthusiasm. Volunteers
crowded around her, and she finally left
for the seat of war with band of $500
enthusiasts. She does not seem as yet
to have come to any harm, though the
heel of her shoe was torn off by bul.
let. Another Greek warrior maiden
is prepared to go and do likewise. She
is prominent member of the New
York Greek colony, and she has 80
relations fighting in Thessaly. Miss
Eliopoulon has not long been in Amer.
lea. She was born in Sparta, her ia
Their being mayor of Zaraka. The won.
en- Of Greece have always played a
prominent part in the country's strus-
giles for independence. When the
Greeks attacked Constantinople in 1921,
a Greek lady, Boubolina. burned Is
cities.
The Brazilian Joan of Arc recalls
strongly her French prototype. She is
inspired by religious fanaticism rather
than by patriotism, and she believes
herself to be, as did the Maid Of Or.
leans, divinely inspired. The govern
ment of the Brazilian republic took
action to deprive the clergy of many
of their privileges. and in little vii
1age a young half-breed girl. Maris
Barbosa, started kind of holy war.
inspired by vision in which she had
been commanded to lead the people
against the enemies of the church \
band of villagers soon gathered around
Maria; they marched, some 500 strong,
on a neighboring town, and. although
met by force of 500 soldiers and
civilians, captured the place. AS was
the case with Joan of Arcs army. the
strictest religious discipline is main
tanned. Maria spends her spare time
in fasting and praying. Efforts to cap.
ture her have proved unavailing, and
she confidently expects to take Rio
Janeiro, says the sketch.
Cuba's heroine became warrior
through love and revenge. Her sweet
heart. an insurgent captain, was cap.
tured and shot by the Spaniards, and
the girl, who boasts of the historic
names of Martini Hernandez Perez
vowed vengeance on his captors. ohe
gathered about her band of amazons'
who each swore solemn oath never
to- spare Spaniard. During many
months of last year the senorita and her
feminine regiment struck terror INTO
the hearts not only of the Spanish plant
crs. but into the soldiery. On more
than one occasion she came out VIC
torious!y from doing pitched battle
with the latter. She seemed to ha''
charmed life, but at last she fell our
ing comparatively insignificant sk'r,
mlsh. and her amazons have not founu
another leader.-Detroit Free Press.
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1897-10-01

The wheat king Of the world belongs
to Argentina. He is an italian emf
grant named Guazone, and his broad
acres are situated in the south of the
province of Buenos Ayres. His crop
occupies an area of 66,27O acres. He
numbers his workmen by the thousand,
and each one receives a certain share
Of the profits. When his seasons crop
is harvested he fills over 3, 900 railway
trucks with grain,
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1897-10-01
Both AKlnX.

She-Have you really seen that W..
derful set Of pictures that Miss hs .h.
over has had taken one on each D'''A
day?
He-Yes; but they're very indlst'n.
You see the photos have faded u. ~.
end of the list. and the subject AZ
other-N. Y. Truth.
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1897-10-01

Mrs. MAY FRENCH SHELDON, native
of this country, who has, however,
spent most of her life in England, has
been elected member of the English
Royal Geographical society, and is the
only woman who ever received that
distinction. Some years ago she was
elected an honorary member of the
Anthropological society, of Washing
ton. She is a woman of many talents
and her African explorations have been
of much value to science.
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1897-10-01

RECENTLY a small boy ate buttercups
and as result died. Since then there
has been published list of poisonous
wild flowers, popularity considered
harmless, but certain to be fatal if
eaten by careless person or ignorant
child. These flowers are buttercups.
celandie, wood anemone, daHodils. mar
cissus, lily, snowdrop, jonquil, wild
nightshade, briony, mezeron and hen
bana
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1897-10-01

ONE HUNDRED AND NINE THOUSAND
locomotives are at present running on
the earth. Europe has $4,000, America
100000, Asia $500, Australia 1900 and
Africa 700. In Europe, Great Britain
and Ireland take premier position with
$4,000 engines, Germany has $1,000,
France 1900. Austria Hungary, the
:. 900.
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1897-10-01

MANY people suppose that all gold is
alike when refined; but this is not SO.
An experienced man can tell at a
glance from what part of the world a
gold piece comes and. in some cases,
from what part of a particular gold dis
trict the metal has been obtained.
Australian gold, for instance, is dis
tinctly redder than that from Cali
fornia. The Ural gold is the reddest
found anywhere.
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1897-10-01

JEWELLERS along the Hudson have =
queer complaint against the big steam
>ers on that river. The boats are pro-
vided with immense search lights,
which they flash along the shores, with
painfully dazzling effect when the
beams strike the windows of a dwell
ing. A suit against the steamers is
threatened by the superintendent of q
hospital located on the river
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1897-10-01

A QUEER polyglot religious service
was held at the Seamen's temple at
Douglas, on the Isle of Man. The Cos
pei was read in Gaelic, a hymn sung in
Manx, prayer offered in Welsh and the
sermon delivered in English. On q
previous Sunday the Lords prayer was
said in Cornish, language the last
speaker of which died in the early years
of this century.
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1897-10-01
Pats Strong P0sition

Pat-1 tell you the ould frinds are al :
ways the best. after all, and can prove
it.
Dcnnis-How?
Where'l you find new friend that
hss stood by you as long a. the oud
ones have f"-Cleveland Leader.
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1897-10-01
XVII.

Lieutenant. there's no use trying.
We're only twenty. and there must be
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-03

The Hon. WILLIAM D.. BYNUM, the Chair
man of tho National Committee Of the " Nation
al Democrats" is reported by the Nep Fork
Times as making this remark touching our
forthcoming municipal campaign:
"n Tammany should make the issue the free coin
age OF silver and the r%eafirming of the principles Of
the Chicago platform, the National Democrats, l
think, would consider It their duty to fight ~Tammbny
in the most effective way. 1t might be best, in such
an event. to join forces with the Republicans or the
Citizens Union. We do not wish to take part in To-
cal campaigns; but we must and will light free coin
age and Rry anism wherever they raise their heads.
We should. then. oppose Tammany in such way as to
insure Its overthrow"
That is the way for q Democrat to talk: fight
free coinage and Organism wherever they raise
their heads But Tammany will force the here
sizes OF the Chicago platform as the issue IL itdoes
not expressly condemn and repudiate them. 1t
cannot dodge the Chicago platform. 1t must
either take II fatty or reject it fatty. 1t cannot
save its head from the blows Mr.. BYSUM would
have dealt against il by simply ignoring" the
Chicago platform. Bryanites no less than gen
uine Democrats will demand Of Tammany Hall
that 1t declare Enthusiastically and emphatically
Just how It stands with reference to Organism.
The Tammany campaign must DO either a Bryan
or an anti-Bryan campaign.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-03

With the speed run OF the Nashville, the
last Of the premiums open to our warships
has been earned, and it is possible, now
that the official report upon her has been
made, to reckon up the results Of the sys-
TEN from the start.
1t began under Secretary WHITNEY with
awards for horse power, at the rate of 800
per unit in excess of the contract require.
ment. Under that system the Yorktown
earned $40, 1925. the Newark $780, 57. the
Concord $453, the Bennington $4,000,
and the Baltimore $1O6,442. In all
cases there was a penalty Of 800 per
unit for any shortening in horse power,
and under 1t the Charleston lost $33, 1874,
which was afterward RENTED by Congress
for special reasons: the Monterey 1892, 1913,
and the Petrol $4S5. There were also some
premiums for machinery furnished by pri-
vate works to ships built by the Govern
ment In its navy yards.
But soon a change was made to premiums
for speed, irrespective of horse power. 1t
was urged that speed, after all. was the
thing valuable to the Government, not
the means by which it was achieved (;
and accordingly the premiums and PEN
alties were changed to this basis, the
rate being usually fixed at 40 much per
even quarter knot of excess or deficiency,
while in most of the latest cases an allow.
ance at the same rate was also made for
fractions of a quarter knot.
Under this plan the Wilmington has
earned $41,5OO, the Bancroft and the
Machias $40 900 each, the Nashville
$40 $50, the Helena $40, $40, the Castine
and the Indiana $50, 900 each, the Phila.
delphia, the San Francisco, and the Massa.
chusetts 100000 each. the Marblehead,
$125,O0O, the Detroit $4,000, the Ore.
gon $175,000, the New York and Mon.
terey $4,000 o each, the lows $217..
400, the Olympia $4,000 900, the Co.
lumbia and Brooklyn $3.50, 900 each
while the Minneapolis broke all records
with earnings of $414, 600. her contract
being one of those that allowed for frac.
tions of a quarter knot. Not a single yes.
sci has lost anything on this speed basis. and
one vessel which on her official trial fell
far short of her estimated horse power, so
that she might have had to pay a very
heavy penalty on that basis, really gained
a magnificent premium for speed.
TIL highest excuses of speed were those
achieved by the smaller gunboats, the
Castine, for example. making 2.62 knots
over her guarantee. the Machias 2.46, and
the Bancroft 2.37. Nevertheless, theirs have
been among the smallest speed premiums
paid, since on the smaller vessels smaller
rates of premium were allowed. the three
mentioned receiving only SO, 900 per quar-.
ter knot. The great successes of the three
final premium winners, the Newport News
trio, achieved this year, tell exactly the same
story. On the other hand, the Philadelphia
! and the San Francisco earned 300, 900 each
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-03
GEORGE MARTIN LANE, emeritus Pope

GEORGE MARTIN LANE, emeritus Pope
Professor OF Latin at Harvard College. who died
last Wednesday, was n type OF the urbane, old
school scholar and humanist. His positive
services to scholarship were not great. A little
pamphlet on the pronunciation of Latin is about
all that he has left. although 1t was said for u
generation that no was writing a monumental
Latin grammar The materials for such a work
he is said TO have gathered, and 1t will be pub
lished. But his enjoyment was in reading the
authors. His scholarship was curiously minute
and exact. When Mr.. CHARLES UMNER died, in
1874, of angina pectoris, and the word angina
was currently mispronounced, Mr.. LANE showed
whatits Roman pronunciation was by reference
TO MANILIUs or some other obscure weaver of
hexamcters. He was a man OF the world and
OF society, and in a reasonably long lifo he
enjoyed himself nationally. With their three
months of vacation in summer, their two weeks
at Christmas. their ten days or SO at Easter,
their short weeks and their short hours. the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-03

ers In n~on.producing countries, whereby the
consumption in those countries Is increased.
The outcome of the continental bounty
system Is especially conspicuous in Eng
land, which, in proportion to Its popu-
lation, Is tho largest sugar-consuming
country In the world, the amount annually
consumed per capita in England being SO
pounds, as against il pounds in Russia,
20 pounds In Austria, 81 pounds In Ger
many, 81 pounds In France, and 63 pounds
in the United States. England lays no i'm
port duty on sugar, the result being that
the price of sugars in the London market
Is %cheapened in direct proportion to the
amount of premiums paid In continental
countries. OF course, the English consumers
of sugar do not complain, but, on the other
hand, the English sugar rcflners and the
British sugar. producing colonies have been
virtually ruined. So far as they are con.
cerned, indeed, things seem likely to go
from bad to worse, for, instead Of dimin.
ishing, the premiums On the exports Of
continental sugar are increasing. France
has met the direct bounty offered by Ger.
many, and IL prepared to go further. Other
European sugar producers are clamoring
for the same degree of support furnished
by Germany and France. Prof. WILEY
thinks the competition among the sugar
producers of the Continent for outside mar
kets may go on until sugar can be delivered
in London ut the cost of transportation.
Even in the United States the effect Of
the continental sugar bounty is beginning
to be seriously felt, the situation having
been grievously aggravated Of late by rea-
son of the troubles in Cuba, which In the
| past has been our chief source Of supply.
The war has reduced the Cuba output of
sugar from 900, 900 to less than 100000
tons, and, by reason Of the great plethora
of the commodity in continental Europe
caused by the application of tho bounty
| system, almost the whole Of this deficit has
been drawn from beet sugar producing
| countries. Prof. WILEY computes that at the
present rate of consumption our annual
importation of beet sugar amounts to SOO,-
O0O tons, an increase of 100000 tons in
three years. At present n little less han
one.sixth Of the whole amount consumed by
us is made at home. Yet we have in the
United States a growing sugar industry,
especially in beets. There is, Prof. WILEY
holds, no reason why this industry should
not expand rapidly until a large part, II
not all, of the sugar consumed in the United
States Is of domestic origin. All we need
by levying duties on imported sugar, while
at the same time refraining from taxing
the domestic product.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-03

for somewhat over half q knot In excess of
their contracts, because they had the great
bonus Of $780, 900 per quarter, or ten times
as much as the ~gunboats just spoken
Of, while the enormou earnings OF
the Minneapolis, Columbia, Olympia, and
Brooklyn, amounting to $1,414,6OO for
these four vessels alone, are accounted for
in the same way. A single firm, the Cramps
OF Philadelphia, earned, according to the
figures just given, the great extra sum,
above tho contract price, OF $1,s65,14
never losing q dollar for penalties, either In
speed or horse power.
The total amount earned In premiums for
horse power or speed, excluding premiums
for the machinery Of ships built in the navy
yards, is, II our figures are correct, $685.
62e. While this is q large sum, yet no
doubt the contractors have improved vessels
for the purpose Of producing extra speed,
with the consent of the authorities, and
such changes, IL made for that purpose only,
have been, according to q statement of Chief
Engineer M%ELvILLE, "at the expense OF
the contractors" Again, as the speed re.
quirements nave been studied carefully,
whenever builders were confident that they
could surpass them, and so earn n premium,
the effect was to lower their bids, of course
to the benefit Of the Government.
The speed premium system was stopped
after the prodigious winning Of the Min
neapolis had been recorded, although sub.
sisting contracts for premiums were OF
course carried out. Perhaps a reaction was
then natural and II the system should
ever be revived, perhaps smaller bonuses
| xror1I IN mid than fhpaa which allow
$4,000 for an extra knot. But at pres
ent the view taken is that, with the
experience gained, premiums are not
needed, and, in fact, the composite gun.
boats and the torpedo boat Porter, without
premiums. have far exceeded their contract
speed. However, contractors now take into
view that no premiums are payable, when
they make their bids.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-03

Fame comes late sometimes, but it should
be all the sweeter for having been long delayed.
Our learned contemporary, the Hartford Cou-
rant, lays this laurel on a brow henceforth to DO
revered and beloved:
Professor MEAD of Wesleyan has edited, with notes
and glossary. an edition Of MALoSY's .Morto DAT
thur"
MALoNy has had to wait somewhat moro
than four hundred years for his glory. but 1t has
come at last, and in n flood. Health and good
day to the immortal MALoNY! Long after
ARTHUR and LANCELor, MoRGA lie FAY and
GCINEvERE. KAY and GAwAIN are forgotten,
Connecticut will gratefully preserve the memory
OF the memorable MALoNY.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-03

understood arrangement, Gen. MrzNER 70
tired, and Col. Arson Mills, Third Cayal.
~, was appointed Brigadier-G General In his
place; next Gen. MILLS retired, and Col.
G. H. CARLTON, Eighth Cavalry, was pro-
noted finally, Gen. CARLTON retired. and
then the long-delayed appointment Of Col.
MERRIAM, we'll understood to DO coming,
followed. Thus, instead Of stars for two
Colonies, there were stars for seven.
or course throughout the grades like
benefits were derived. Even with these aids
there are thus far no vacancies among the
Second Lieutenancies in sight for the class
that graduated at West Point last month.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-03

The tariff question and the currency question
are not and cannot be settled by q municipal election;
and to allow them TO enter into and affect a munici.
pal election Is to allow the city to become a football
70 be kicked about In the field Of national politics.
The Outlook.
Why does not this religious preacher teach
that the religion for New York and the religion
for the nation MS n whole should DO kept as dis
tinct issuesi The first political issue in cities
and villages. no less than in the whole Union, is
the national integrity. the preservation Of the
political and social order. Everything else
hinges on that. All the parts of our political
system arc bound together and are interdc-
pendent. Hence the politics Of the whole is the
politics Of each and overy part. Political parties
In this republic have always boon made by
national issues.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-03
Tho Award OF Army Stars.

The appointment of Col. MERRIAM to be
q Brigadier.G General is the last of an ex-
traordinary series of promotions to the
grade OF general officer made during the
last three months. While 1t was in prog
ress we noted in part what had been done,
but the process has since gone on to such
an extent hat we bring the record up to
the close of the series.
Originally there were two vacancies Great
ed by retirements for age, those of Major
Gen. RUGER, who reached the retiring age
in April, and Brig. Gen. WHEATON, who
followed in May. These vacancies would
ordinarily call for one promotion of a
Brigadier.G General and two promotions
of Colonels. The senior Brigadier was
Gen. BROOKE, and the two senior Colonies
wero Col. w. r. SKATER, First In.
fantry, and Col. ii. G. MERRIAM, Sew.
enth Infantry; and these three officers have
each been advanced to the grade above. But
meanwhile the opportunity has been taken
to promote and retire certain meritorious
juniors who otherwise might never be ad.
vanced, since Gen. BROOKE does not retire
until 1902. Gen. SKATER until 1909. and
Gen. MERRIAM until 1901.
To begin with, the second Brigadier In
rank, Gen. WHEATON, an excellent soldier,
was made a Major-General and when his
retirement followed for age, on May 8, Gen.
FORSYTH, originally the fourth Brigadier,
was promoted, on the understanding that
he would then ask for retirement. This
was done, and next II like process followed
with Gen. ZENAs Il. BLISS, the fifth Briga-
der. while finally Gen. BROOKE received
the doubles star, thus making one vacancy
serve for -four promotions, the final one that
of the officer who was all along intended
for the prolonged incumbency.
Among the Colonies the promotions were
no less literally arranged for, There, with
two vacancies certain and more to be made,
the senior Colonel, SKATER, was taken up
first. But before Col. MERRIAM was reached
many others were ~interposed. First came
a batch Of three, Col. JAMES +. WADE,
Fifth Cavalry; Col. J.. X. MINER,
Tenth Cavalry, and Col. ". NJ.
! GRAHAM. Fifth ARTILLERY. Then. by an
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-07-03
Sugar Bounties and Their Effect.

The enatc adopted yesterday an amend.
ment to the pending Tariff bill which pro-
vides for retaliation against the product of
countries that allow export bounties. 1t
Is, therefore, n timely article on the infiu-
ence of such bounties which has been con.
tributed to the July number of the Forum
by Prof. II. w. WILEY, Chief of the Di.
vision of Chemistry in the Department OF
Agriculture.
1t Is mainly to premiums or bountles
paid by the German and French Govern
ments on exported sugars that Prof. WILEY
confines himself. By the German law,
which has been in force since May 90, 1890,
there is u prohibitive duty on imported
sugars of all kinds, amounting to 4.32
cents per pound. 1t Is also provided that
all sugars deposited In bonded warehouses
aud Intended for export shall receive di.
rect premiums ranging from O.2G9 cent
per pound to 0.3S3 cent per pound. Under
the French law, which has been operative
since April Z, 1897. imported sugars are
so heavily taxed AS practically to be barred
out, and all sugars produced in France and
not intended for domestic consumption are
entitled to bounties varying from OBI cent
per pound to OBS cent per pound. The i'm
mediate purpose of the direct premium, of
which France and Germany afford the most
striking examples, is to force the surplus of
domestic production over consumption upon
other sugar consuming nations at less than
cost price, or, at least, at a price lower than
that of rival dealers. The effect, indeed,
Of the bounty on exports is twofold
In the first place it stimulates domestic
production in the country in which the
premium is paid by securing an outside
market for part of the sugar produced. I'm.
less such an outlet were afforded, the limit
Of the industry would be soon reached In
those continental countries where high
taxes are levied upon the sugar producers.
BY reason Of the high premium received,
however, exporters are enabled to undersell
In the markets of the world those whose
sugars are grown without the stimulus OF
a direct or indirect bounty. A secondary
consequence of the premiums on exported
sugars is to cheaper their cost to the consum