davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09
Home-sIade Butter Cooler

II ia not every house that Is on q
cool cellar, nor every household that
can afford ice and an ice box says q
writer in an exchange. Most edibies
will keep awhile, even in the hottest
weather, with certain precautions, put
butter will turn. to oil and look quite
Objectionable on. the table. nave LOT
many years pursued a plan that Keeps
It solid. and therefore presentable. TINS
is by means of a large, unglazed, eci1l-
mon flower pot. 1t must be unglazed,
to be thoroughly porous, and large
enough to sink a small-sized lard-tins
or a china receptacle for two-pound
roll of butter. Cork the bottom OF the
flower-pot, and, having scalded II sew
eral times to remove it's earthly smell,
fill it about half full of cold water. A
small pot inverted makes good stand
for the butter receptacle, for IL light
enough to tip, it will, of course, half
fill with water, which is no improve
ment to butter. Cover the hOWeF-poC
over entirely with a heavy wet cloth,
allowing a corner of it to hang over
the inside and touch the water. This
OH the principe Vi inc AOHS anu SHOLI
syphon," will keep it always wet, and
save trouble. Cover over with plate
and keep another wet cloth over all.
Let it stand in a shallow pan Ito re-
ceive drippings) in drafty place. The
sun aids rapid evaporation, on which
the cooling properties depend. A free
current of air is the necessity, and you
will never have oily butter through the
hot summer. The bungalows of India
are kept cool by means of the wet
"tatties" Tor blinds all round the YER
andas, as fully as by the punkahs that
are pulled within the house.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09

TOUR good uprights, and a tank
or long trough that may be COW
cred. Discard the shallow milk
pans and get the timer to make
deep pans with lids, or, if you prefer,
make cloth cover by stretching mus
lin over a hoop the size of the can.
ike this method because it keeps out
all dust, but does not exclude the air.
ihe trough connecting the milk tank
ana pump spout may be a homemade
one, or you can buy iron piping for the
purpose Fill the tank at least twice
Jay. The water, as it warns, need
not be wasted. Ours passed through
iron tubing into a watering trough in
the next yard, where it was used for
the stock. Our creamery cans hold
three pailfuls of milk. They are skim
med as they are set in the tank by the
feminine portion of the household, but
are always lifted in and out by the
men. BY keeping the cream pail in the
tank and stirring the cream after each
summing, a good, uniform grade is
always assured. Use a churn from
which you can draw the buttermilk
without lifting. Danish forever the
old-fashioned dash churn and the wash
ing OF butter by hand or in a butter
bowl. Use a thermometer, and churn
Just when it registers the correct de-
gree. Do not try to get butter in ten
minutes by hard churning. 1 do not
begrudge fifteen or twenty minutes.
When the butter comes in small gran
ules like shot or peas, drain off the
Duttermilk, pour in a pailful of cold
water, move the dasher briskly from
side to side, but do not churn, or you
Will have the butter in compact roll.
Drain off this first water, add another
pailful, repeat the washing, then take
up the butter, salt it very thoroughly
and work it with cool paddle. When
the salt has thoroughly permeated the
butter, work it a second time until no
brine flows from it. Sometimes it is
better to let it stand over night before
working it this last time. Pack it
tightly in some Jars,
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09
PreventIve AgaInst plnoElar.

For several years frequent reports
have come to this bureau concerning
the great mortality from blackleg
among young stock in many widely
separated districts of the United States.
In some of the Southern and Western
states especially, the annual losses
rom this fatal disease have been so
great as to equal or exceed the losses
of cattle from all other causes combin-
ed. These losses have been particular
ly felt by the progressive stock owners,
as by far the largest percentage Of the
calves which became affected were
either full-blooded or highly graded an
imals, which seem to be more suscept-
ible to this disease than the ordinary
common-bred stock. AS the continued
existence of this disease has a very
detrimental effect upon the cattle in
dustry in general, and especially upon
those stock owners who, through I'M
firing efforts and great expense, have
endeavored to improve their herds, an
investigation has been made by this
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09
origin of Forests.

The life of plants as well as of AMI
mails began in the water, and from
water plants of simple structure there
gradually developed the forms fitted
to thrive upon land, writes William j.
Hopkins in Chicago Record. The first
land plants of which we have evidence,
although probably not the first that ex.
listed, were fern-like in character. As
their number became greater the
crowding forced each plant to reach
out higher after the sunlight and the
air. In this struggle for existence be-
gan that evolution of those most 1T
ted to survive, which has resulted in
the forms that we know to-day Those
which developed the tallest trunks con-
duered the shorter varieties and forced
them either to die out completely or
to occupy less favorable situations
The trees of the first great forests.
which became the beds of coal of the
principal conforming period, were
weak in structure, not far removed
from the ferns, with pithy trunks, re-
quiring much moisture and warmth.
They were not well adapted to propa-
gate and spread, as their seeds were
very small and incapable of withstand
ing rigorous conditions. From these
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09

/ Is possible TO
make good butter in
hot weather with
out a cellar and
without ice, but a
good we'll is essen
tial writes Kendall
Perry in House.
Ike e per. 7 h er e
should also be a
milk house, or, at
least. a roof set on
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09
Advantares Of Drainage.

H 3 necessity of
drainage is not to
be determined by
the quality of water
which falls or flows
upon the surface,
nor upon the power
OF the sun to carry
it of by evapora-
ton; but upon the
character of t h e
sub-soil. If that Is
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09
DAIRY AND POULTRY.
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS.

bow Successful Farmers operate This
Departments of the Farm-.A Few
Hints as to the Care of Live Stock
Nnd Poultry.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09

forms there gradually developed the
palms and trees somewhat resembling
the present cone-bearing forms, or
eVergreens, this process Of develop
ment continuing until in comparative.
ly recent ages came the prevailing
trees Of our modern forests. These
may be divided into two great classes
the narroW-leayed, cone-bearing
trees, or evergreens, and the broad
leaVed trees, which usually shed their
leaves In the autumn. All have great
advantage over the earliest forms in
their strong trunks, capable of sup
porting a great weight of branches and
leaves and enabling them to attain
heights of 100 to 300 feet above the
earth. The fight for place and exist
ence is now chiefly between the ever
greens and the broad-leaved or deciju-
GUS trees, and in this struggle the
broad-leaVed trees are so far superior
that the eVergreens have already been
driven to a great extent to the less
temperate, cold regions or to the drier
and less favorable soils.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09
Breeds Running Together.


When the Matching season ends the
different breeds can run together IL one
flock, says American Poultry Keeper.
1t would be an advantage to have no
males with them, but 1t will not injure
the stock should the males and hens be
Of different breeds. Some breeders con-
tend that when a hen is kept with d
male of different breed her progeny
will never again be up to standard re-
quirements in points, but we have new
er known any injurious results from
such a course if the breeds are sepa-
rated two months before the eggs are
to be used. We have known of the sep
aration of the breeds to occur only ten
days before using the eggs, and in the
experiments made we found the in
fluence of the male to extend only FIVE
days. We advise more time, however,
and suggest two months, in order to be
sure that no mistake will occur. It is
expensive to keep the breeds separated
in summer. More fences are required
and frequently the separation must be
accomplished by combining the hens.
We have always allowed all of the hens
to run together after the Matching sea-
son is over, and have done so for thirty
years, with no injurious effects result
ing therefrom so far as the purity of
the breeds was concerned.
Suspicious Milk.-Any milk having
a large amount of sediment is suspi-
cious. Particles of dirt are a sign that
germs are abundant. Thus dirty milk
may be dangerous as we'll as disgust
ing. The dirt in milk consists mostly
of particles of dead skin and manure,
which fall into the pail from the body
Of the COW during milking; but dust in
the stable, and dirt and dust in the
vessels used for handling milk, and
unclean attendants, are also common
sources of dirty sediment in milk.
Horsefiesh for Food.-Horse dealers
of France are apparently no longer
able to supply the demand for the flesh
of that animal in Paris. An order from
the French capital for 5000 barrels of
horse meat has been received by a COM
pany of Portland, Ore. The animals
used are the half-wild cayuse of Ore
gon, which are bought for about $3.50
es'ih. AS the use of horsefesh for food
seems to be growing in several foreign
countries, it may become a profitable
article for export.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09

Outlet of Drains.-No portion of a
system of drainage demands more care
full consideration than the outlet. 1t is,
of course, essential that it should be
enough lower than any portion of the
lands that are to be drained by it to adj
NIT of sufficient fall for the passage of
water from the heads of its most dis
tant tributaries. Yet it must be high
enough above the level Of whatever
water it empties into to prevent danger
of its being overlooked and the drain
age water damned back in the pipes.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09
Fall Rye.

There are few crops that the Amer
lean farmer can use more proftably
than this. When it is sown early in
the fall and the weather is favorable
for the plant, it affords a great amount
of pasture for calves, colts or pigs,
writes S. Blanchard in Journal of Ag-
riculture. In much of the weather
during the fall when pastures are short,
the cows can be turned upon the land
to feed. and that will make the wife
smile with joy when she goes to town
with her well-filled jars or pals of but
ter. The farmer, too, will smile with
pleasure when he beholds his calves,
colts and all other stock entering upon
the winter in such fine condition. Dur
ing much of the winter, when they are
turned out of their yards they will start
at once for the rye field. In fact, it
can be pastured nearly all winter
when the ground is not covered with
snow. 1t can also be pastured quite
late in the spring, and when the stock
is all removed will often spring up If
weather is favorable and afford to the
farmer fair crop of grain. Or the
field can be plowed up in the spring
and planted to corn or some other crop.
The fall blowing will have made the
land more mellow for any spring crop.
All farmers who have fields that can be
utilized in this way should not fail to
SOW rye. Years ago many of the farm
ers in Kansas pastured their wheat
fields when not covered with snow.
Some thought it was no detriment to
their crops while many question the
utility of the practice. But rye is one
of our hardest grains. Drought does
not affect 1t as it does wheat or oats.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09
FARM AND GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AoRICuLTURISTS.

Some UP-to-Date Hints About CuItIva-
tiOn of the Soil and Yields Thereof
Horticulture, vItICuIsure ANA FlOrI-
culture.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1897-10-09


Methods of Spreading and Growth
The distribution of forest trees de-
ponds not only upon the characters
tics Of the particular kind and its
adaptability to the soil and climate,
but also upon the chance of diStrlbu-
ton of the seed and the provision
against its destruction by animals.
Many trees are subject to the depreda-
tons Of various insect enemies which
may prevent seeding or may even de-
stroy the tree; and the seeds Of most
trees form a more or less palatable
food for birds or beasts. Some trees
are better protected than others
against these chances of destruction
and the better protected trees stand a
correspondingly better chance of in
creasing in numbers and surprising
the other kinds. If the squirrels or the
wild pigs find the nuts of the white
oak sweeter and more wholesome than
those of some other oaks the standing
white oaks will leave few If any de-
scendants and will eventually disap-
pear, while the red oaks flourish. In
entering upon new ground the trees
having the lightest seeds will be the
first to take possession, their seeds be-
ing carried to greater distances than
those of the others. The light seeds
of the willow or the seeds Of the maple,
which, although heavier, have upon
them wing-like attachments, will en-
able their kind to far outstrip the nut
bearing trees, like the walnut, hickory
and oak. These heaVy-seeded trees are
limited in their reproduction, practi-
cally to the distance at which nut
falls to the ground or to the chance
distribution by the forgotten boards of
the squirrel. By the swiftness Of their
march the light-seeded plants will thus
more quickly reach regions where the
rainfall is just sufficient to furnish the
roots enough moisture or the growing
season is just long enough to enable
them to mature the wood Of each years
growth. Beyond this point they can
not live. The heavy-seeded forms art
plodding surely along behind them and
in the final struggle the trees best
adapted to the soil at any given local
ity will endure by the overwhelming
of the others.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1897-08-09

There is nothing better to take to a
picnic to drink than cold tea, which
has been stepped five or six minutes
tea is one of the things which can be
satisfactorily stepped ito taste"-then
poured off the grounds into bottle,
and when cool tightly corked. 1t
should not be strong Taken without
milk or sugar, it is very refreshing.
An old wooden stocking leg, if such
thing can be found, or piece of fan
mel sewed up to fit the bottle, is valu-
able to cool the tea, if there is any
water in the vicinity of the picnic
ground. Dip the bottle with its wool
covering in the water, hang it on n
tree, or even standing ON the ground
will do, and as the water on the out
side evaporates the contents of the
bottle will ool.-New York Times.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1897-08-09
Sick Room Hints.

For cramps or pains in the stomach
try few drops of essence of camphor.
For nervous headache cup of
moderately strong tea, in which two
or three slices of lemon have been in
fused.
For tired feet put handful of com
mon salt into four quarts of hot water.
Place the feet in the water while it is
hot as it can be borne. Then rub the
feet dry with trough towel.
For making clear complexion stir
two teaspoonfuls of flowers of sulphur
into half pint of new milk. Let it
stand awhile, and then rub the face
over with ii short time before wash
ing.
For binding up cuts and wounds
always use linen, not cotton, as the
fibres of cotton are fiat and apt to irri-
tate sore place, while those of linen
are perfectly round.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1897-08-09

The reasons advanced by the Eng
lish for continuing to occupy Egypt
are resented in curious fashion by
the papers of Cairo. The British as
sert that the great prevalence of crime
and violence renders necessary the in
terposition of foreign power to keep
the peace. In order to answer this
the Cairo papers publish each morn
ing reports, taken from the London
papers, of crime in England, and print
long editorials full of statistics show
ing that an Egyptian army ought to
take possession of Great Britain and
maintain the order which the reports
they quote seem to indicate the British
are unable to preserve themselves.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1897-08-09

Some great scientists have had the
lndelicacy to go prying into the ques-
ton of the age of the earth. A few
weeks ago we told what one conclusion
was in this regard. Lord Kelvin, the
great Scotch astronomer and mathe-
matician, in an address in London,
said he was able to declare with conf
dence that the earth solidiied between
10000, 900 and 10000, 900 years ago.
The latest estimate of the time re-
quired for the formation Of all strata
since the beginning of the Cambrian
rocks is 1900, 900 years. Lord Kel-
vim asserted that the earth could not
have been habitable more than 30,
900, 600 years at the most.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1897-08-09

If your hens lay double yoked eggs
it is an indication that they are too
fat; in n better condition for roasting
than laying.
Don't waste the droppings from the
hen roost. Poultry manure is worth
at least fifty per cent. of the cost of
the poultry feed used.
The young calves will do better, be-
sides be more comfortable, if provided
with shade. If no trees are in the
pasture good, cheap shade may be
made with few posts, some poles and
straw. See that the calves have shade.
Lettuce is good for growing chicks,
and the common garden beet is an ex-
cellent winter poultry food. Grow
some this summer for next winter, and
also few dozen heads Of cabbage
which are most valuable when other
green food is scarce.
When the weather is warm a good
deal may be done towards getting the
milk to the factory in good shape if
the cans in the wagon are covered with
heavy blankets or canvas wet in cold
water. If the drive is long they may
be wet once or twice during the Jour
ney.
If farmers were disposed to make
the most of the circumstances they
certainly have it in their hands to put
upon their farms for future use o class
Of horses which will meet the demands
of modern ,lay methods. The present
lull in horse breeding operations is con
ducive to the general determination of
the scrub.
One of the strongest pleas for organi-
cation on the part of farmers is found
in the success with which other organi-
cations have at times been able to prey
upon those so-called independent
farmers who were going it lone handed.
However, it is possible for farmers to
work together in many ways without
going into partnership or organizing
secret societies.
Heayes may be described as chronic
disease of the breathing organs, with.
out inflammation, characterized by q
peculiar breathing, the breath being
drawn in with ease, but breathed out
with difficulty, and by two distinct
efforts. The immediate cause is the
rupture or debility of the small cells in
the lungs, so the animal cannot expel
the air he has drawn in without al
extra and double effort.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1897-08-09

Archbishop Corrigan, of New York,
presides over the greatest Catholic see
In Christendom, comprising the city
and county of New York, the counties
Of Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess,
Ulster, Sullivan, Orange, Rockland
and Richmond, and also the Bahama
Islands. The Catholic population of
this archdiocese was estimated few
years ago at 800, 900
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1897-08-09

Some time ago | was asked by a
dairyman who had just bought milk
tester what per cent. of butter fat
COW should show to justify her being
retained in the herd. First of all, it
must not be forgotten that the per
cent. of butter-fat in milk is only half
the problem, the other half being the
amount of milk to which the per cent.
of fat is applicable For instance,
twenty pounds of five per cent. milk
is not so available as thirty pounds of
four per cent. milk. In other words,
quantity must be considered as we'll as
quality; and, further, regard must be
had to the habit of the COW in the mat
ter of keeping up the milk flow. Many
cows that never exceed daily yield OF
thirty pounds will finish a ten OF
eleven months milking period with
more milk to their credit than some
other cows that yield much larger
amount when fresh. An average OF
twenty pounds per day for 300 days
amounts to 5000 pounds, and if the
average test should be, say, five pei
cent, the total fat would be 300
pounds, which is equivalent to 35C
pounds of butter Reduce the tota
yield of milk to 5000 pounds, and, al
lowing the same average quality, the
butter equivalent would be about 29(
pounds.
From this we see that every COW
should be judged rather by the tota
fat produced than by any arbitrary
standard of quality. A short time agc
one Of the experiment stations carried
out years trial with their herds t.
ascertain, If possible, which Of th,
cows were the best and which Of then
were actually returning a profit ol
their cost and food. Each cows mill
was weighed twice day for the year
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1897-08-09
The New England Homestead say

The New England Homestead says:
The biggest speculation since 1ne
palmy days of the Argentine boom
were the dizzy transactions at London
last year in Kaffir shares of gold mines
i'll the Transvaal region of South At
rica. The bottom has gradually
dropped out until to-day forty leading
stocks, which one year ago represent.
ed "value" of $500, 600, 900, are sell.
ing on the basis of one-third that sum.
Here is decline of more than two.
thirds in less than one year. And this
after the London market had been
sorely bitten by Argentine, Panama
and previous wild speculations. We
have been taught to regard London as
the center of financial conservatism,
but of late years it has been the scene
of some of the widest speculations on
record This Kaffir bubble may even
be compared to the notorious schemes
of Law which almost ruined the French
people about century ago.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1897-08-09

One of the gamest gamecocks in st.
Louis, Mo-, gave a chance audience a
rare treat. He fought his image to a
finish. By chance mirror had been
left in the back yard at the corner of
Jefferson avenue and Pine street. The
cock was strutting about the yard
looking for trouble when suddenly he
came face to face with his image in
the glass. His fighting blood was up.
At last he had met a bird that he con-
sidered worthy of his prowess. He
eyed the supposed enemy critically
His anger grew as the image Knocked
him. The feathers began to rise on
his neck and in another instant he
made lunge at the glass. Picking
himself up from the ground, where he
had been doubled in heap, he backed
off few PAGES. The cowardly image
also backed away and Knocked him.
He made lunge after lunge at the
glass, each time backing away thor
oughly surprised. Finally he got
tired of retreating and began fierce
face to face contest with himself He
fought until he fell from sheer exhaus.
ton. New York World.