davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The advocate., 1897-05-19

Goodland Republic "Why is II that
sheep are almost an unknown quantity on
the farml Mutton can be produced cheaper
than either pork or beef, and yet II sells
for more than pork and for fully as much
as beef. The wool is an incidental profit.
The sheep barons Of Colorado howl for
Government aid, but without it they have
waxed rich. The farmers Of America
have unwlsely discarded the sheep, being
led to believe that without protection the
industry is losing one. This is far from
being true, and every farmer should have
his flock OF sheep. They would prove
money makers"
The advocate., 1897-05-19
HoW TO ADJUST RAILRoAp CHARGEs.

The paramount question In the United
States, il not in other countries, to-day is
the railway question. The ADVOCATE
observes with much satisfaction that
the discussion Of the subject is progress
ing in good temper and with an evident
disposition to discover the proper solu
tion.
Railway managers, railway stockhold-
ers and bondholders, are men like the
rest of us, with passions and ambitions
common to other people. They are not
in the railway business for pleasure
only, any more than bankers or farmers
or blacksmiths are in their various voca-
tlons for the fun Of the thing. We are
all striving to earn livelihood and to
acquire as much beyond that as we can,
And it is because the railroads are
managed by private interests that we
find so much difficulty in effecting o sat-
isfactory adjustment Of the obvious diff
culties in the situation. The business
of common carrier is public bust.
ness. That is to say, the business is
public necessity. But it is in the hands
Of private persons who own every dol
lars worth Of property used in the bust
ness. The Government has no money
invested in any Of the roads except the,
Union Pacific, the Central Pacific and
some Of their connections. Yet the peO-
pie, all Of them, have common interest
in the carrying trade, just as farmer
has interest in work that is being done
for him on his farm. Every person that
uses food and clothing is interested in
the subject of transportation TO the ex-
tent Of charges on the things he ships
away or on the things brought to him,
Every person who either sends or re-
csiYes transported articles 10 entitled 10
i II
The advocate., 1897-05-19

have the work done at reasonable ex-
pense. On the other hand, the carrier
is entitled 20 reasonable compensation
for doing the work, and that brings Us
back to the original question-what is
reasonable compensation? And we all
agree that this question cannot be
answered without considering all factors
involved in the problem.
II the people owned the roads and the
Government we're managing the trans
portation business, reasonable charge
would be enough to pay necessary ex'
penses and keep the property in good
condition. But the people do not own
the roads; they, with their equipments,
belong to private persons; and as long as
that condition exists, the rights OF the
owners are entitled to the same consid-
GRAFTON that owners Of any other kind Of
property are entitled to.
At this point the matter Of extrava-
CANT and fictitious capitalization comes
In. And even though every bond and
every share Of stock held by owners of a
railway represent actual and bona tide
investment Of cash capital, il the aggre-
gate is much larger than fair present
valuation OF the property, is the COM
psny entitled to tax it's traffic enough to
pay the usual rate of interest on the ex-
cessP This is, perhaps, the most trouble
some factor in the pending question.
These thoughts were suggested on
reading the views of Hon, Thomas E.
Watson as expressed in his Peoples
Party Paper. He lays down this rule
The only common sense way to adjust rail
road charges is this: Let the present value Of
the railroads be assessed by disinteTested and
capable men, let the Government take the
property at this valuation; and then let the
roads be run at cost, plus sufficient profit to
pay the interest on the purchase price.
And he adds: "Unless the roads vio-
late the law, as recently expounded by
the Supreme Court, they must compete,
They cannot compete and live. There
fore they must either defy or evade the
Supreme Courts decision or they must
cut each others throsts by competition
The only escape from this dilemma is
Governmental ownership"
ann----..--s--r----r-m---suu-~s
The advocate., 1897-05-19

A New York Cry paper, calling at.
tention to the fact that Pennsylvania
new Senator, Penrose, has offered an
amendmentto the tariff bill putting iron
ore on the free list, says the explanation
Of this extraordinary move from such
source is that the Pennsylvania iron and
steel makers require certain ore for ad-
mixture which they obtain from the
West Indies and Europe. Their COM
petitors in the South and West have all
the ores needed for bleeding close at
hand. The Pensylvanians therefore ask
for free ore to enable them to compete
with their successful rivals in the new
fields. Hancock is vindicated in his
own State. The tariff has become very
much of local question"
The advocate., 1897-05-19

commerce was based, and with them
the worlds business was done. Panics
on shore and storms at sea, wrecked for
tunes and ships alike, yet trade and tides
did flow and ebb, and the circulation Of
gold and silver among the nations pre-
served the general equilibrium in one as
the movement Of ocean waters did in the
other.
Discovery, enterprise, war, plague,
famine or food have often changed the
course Of trade, but trade itself has
never ceased. At one time more or less
provisions are required here or there,
and they go. That affects quantities OF
provisions in particular localities, aud it
affects prices, but it does not affect the
aggregate quantity of provisions or
money in the world. So, il silver was in
special demand anywhere, it went to
that place; the same is true Of gold, but
this movement of one or other Of the two
metals, though it might temporarily
affect their local values and to that ex-
tent affect prices in different places, it
did not alter the general conditions OF
trade, it did not change the quantity OF
gold and silver in the world, nor did it
leave any State or community without
metallic money. If one metal retired
the other advanced to take its place. II
we did not have silver we had gold; if
gold left us we got silver, and the gen.
ersl level Of the world's trade was thus
maintained.
The flow Of one or the other metal
from place to place was because of the
greater demand for it there. 1t served
for money purposes wherever it went.
Hence difference of ratio in different
countries did not abolish bimetallism
anywhere. The fact that at one time
gold or silver was more OF less abundant
here or elsewhere did not abolish bimet-
aIlism in the United States
What American bimetallists demand
is restoration Of the old long estab-
lished law which accorded equal treat
ment to the two metals at the ratio Of l6
TO l.
The advocate., 1897-05-19

Governor Black of New York has vetoed
the progressive inheritance tax law passed
by the Legislature Of that State. Under
It's provisions the Jay Gould estate would
have paid sl7OOO,OCO to the State, The
Governor seems to be Of the opinion that
the bill is too radical, although he is not
opposed to the principle involved.
The advocate., 1897-05-19

Senator Kyle Of South Dakota, who was
originally elected as Pcpullst but who
was reelected with the aid Of Republican
votes, made speech In the Senate re-
Gently in which he objected to being classed
As 3 Republican.
The advocate., 1897-05-19

President Mckinley will appoint Negroes
70 the oflces OF Recorder Of the District Of
Columbia, Register Of the Treasury and
Minister To Elaytl
The advocate., 1897-05-19
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OF MUNICIPAL
FRANCHISES.

VI eAG PAAAAg hAAAAe AAV - NYRA6@ kN~Nd
was the first great political body in this
country to take hold Of the general sub
ject Of the public ownership Of public
utilities by urging Government owner
ship and control OF railroads, and now,
in all parts Of the country, towns and
cities are considering the subject Of city
ownership of municipal franchises.
Waterworks and lighting plants are now
owned in many cities by the people and
operated by public agents.
Public ownership Of street railways is
the subject of earnest thought in all the
great cities at this time. In New York
City excessive taxation is forcing this
subject to the front. AT the present
rate Of progress it will not be long be-
fore Populsm will be as popular there
as it is in Kansas. The New York World
has an opening article, which we lay be-
fore our readers that they may read and
take courage. Here it is:
Gan association of public.spirited citi-
zens has been formed in this city to pro-
mote the municipal ownership OF munic-
ipal franchises, particularly those Of
street railways, surface and elevated.
'This brings home TO us an agitation
that is active in Boston, Chicago, De-
troit and many other cities. 1t opens
up one Of the pressing questions of the
time, one that must be somehow solved
in the near future,
"The municipal franchises Of great
city yield many millions every year to
the companies that hold them. Mainly,
these companies pay nothing for their
privilege Of using public property for
private gain. Not one Of them in New
York pays anything like fair rental FOL
It's privileges. Yet 1t is easily calculable
that il all paid fairly--if all paid the
market price as established by competi'
tive bidding-there would be far less
need than there now is Of municipal tax.
alton for revenue.
"The problem is, How shall we secure
to the city its just compensation for the
use Of these franchlsesl The solution
suggested by the association already
mentioned is that the city shall itseli
own the franchises and let them out by
terms Of years to the highest bidder, as
is done in the Italian cities, in Glasgow
and in Sheffield.
"There are considerations for and
against this plan. We put aside the cry
Of socialism on the ground that modern
conditions compel much interference
that may fairly be called sOcialistic, and
that the question Of interference must
be determined in each case by public
necessity and not upon doctrinaire
grounds or upon catchwords.
"Our health boards, fire departments
and all the rest are socislstiC under
rigid definition, but their powers are
necessary to the general welfare, and
their exercise has not been oppressive
or detrimental.
"LayinR aside catchwords, then, we
find the argument at present to stand
about thus
"Private ownership OF public franchises
gives unjust advantage in the use o.
public property. 1t also creates monop
olies. Monopolies oppress and rob tht
r,nnr,ln nlhnu nlno hnv nnnh lAninlnkinr
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-05-09
BIGGEST STEAMER IN THE WORTH
ENORMOUS POWER AND CAPACITY OF TIN
KAISER WILHELM DER CROSSE. or
THE NORTH GERMAN LLOYD LINE.

The launching Of the North German Lloyd Line
EXPRESS steamer Kaiser Wilhelm der Crosse bun,
by the Vulcan Steamship Company at ste,,in
which took place Wednesday Of last yeek
marks the beginning of new epoch In the pas.en
ger service OF that prominent Atlantic line. The
importance attached to the floating Of this steam
ship By the German nation was attested by the
presence at the scene OF Emperor William and Of
a large representation Of Government officials
besides some ten hoisand spectators. The new
steamship is the largest afioat. measuring as
feet over ALL 10 the Lucana and campana's CO.
feet and the Great Esstern's col feet. Her maiden
voyage to this port will be made In September: she
will sail from Bremen on September 10.
TIE speed expected from the Kaiser Wilhelm Der
Crosse Is between twcEty-onc and twenty-five
knots. and this will materially shorten the time Of
the voyage from port TO port. The vessel Is a
mammoth one: stated. her length IS Gs feet over
all: she has 81 feet beam and Is 70 feet deep with
a displacement Of 3ooo tons. She has been provided
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-05-09

raised successfully in abandoned quarries -
other caverns, but not In coal mines. -
He also said that growers Of mushrooms -.
the most secretive people he had ever known ~
FaIconer said that mushrooms must be s.,
while the gs are pink. To do this they nms rep
cooked the same morning they have been plncs ~
French ca 1ned mushrooms like much ns ma
without taste any redeeming quality, Whit W
fresh mushroom. right from the field or bed s sas
dainty OF dainties.
Mr. Dietrich said he had not attempted 10 ma.
ket his product In Pittsburg among the hotels .
his neighbors took all he could raise. lie had ~
Intention OF extending his beds although at tir.o
he had greater number under cultivation ,hss
Others. Mr.. Dietrich said to his knowledge srs
he had read everything he could on the subisnsv
mushrooms had never been grown successfully 4,
a coal mine before.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-05-09
BICYCLES SCARE THE BIRDS.
q Tho Chicag1 Trihun /,

From The Chicago Tribune.
Birds In tho park said the old South f'ark
policeman. nav. not now. There used to be lots
of them building nests In every bush and singing
on every tree but nowadays there's nothing bGt
sparrows. Sometimes there's bird or two that
tries 10 nest. but they don't stay long. me Di-
cycles are too much for them.
You see us lka this" he continued to his IN
teres;ed listener Before the bcycsts got so nu-
mcrous mos; OF the people in the parks and
boulevards stuck pretty well TO the roads and
walks and were only around In the daytime. But
since the bicycles have brought us such crowds
the whole place IL entirely overrun with people.
who find every shady spot walk around every
bush, and lean UP against every tree. Especially
they make night into day, and lucky. indeed, Is
the poor bird which find roosting place that
is not disturbed by the presence OF the omnipres-
ent riders
1.-The result Of this. In my observation. has been
the almost entire lack of the little songbirds that
used 10 make the parks pleasure 70 walk In
during summer There orioles. thrushes. cat
birds and robins In the larger trees. and guam
titles OF yellow birds, hycatchers and warbers In
the bushes In the fall when the leaves dropped
there could be counted nests In the bare limbs by
the hundreds. Nowadays the few nests you see
are principally sparrows'. tRh!" And the big
policeman turned away disgustedy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-05-09
BOONE WAS A SPANISH SUBJECT.

About the year 1891 the old pioneer Daniel Boone
went over into Missouri and settled In what was
known as the Femme Usage Dosage Woman) settle
ment This was the Missouri River I'm the dis
trict of ST. Charles. about forty-nve miles west OF
St Louis and about twenty-five miles above the
town OF ST. Charles This portion OF Missouri was
then wild and picturesque-Just such "A country
as he loved.
Soon after his arrival In Missouri Daniel Boone
renowned his allegiance to the Government of the
United States. and became Spanish subject. on
June II, 1902 Delassus appointed him comma ndant,
syndic. of the Femme Usage District, position
which he accepted. The office was both civil and
military. In time OF peace he acted as an adJudi.
Gator or Judge, the people In his district and
I'm time OF war he their commander
The matters which he had to pass Judgment
were such required honesty and practical com
nonsense, rather than knowledge Of law He
was fearless and upright In his decisions. on one
occasion Desperate who had been terrorlzlng the
people OF the Femme Usage District was publicly
ieprmanded by Boone. The man. who prded him
self his power overawe the people cried out 4:
IF you were not an old man. ! should not take
that from you"
''You great coward" responded Boone. shaking
his clInched fist close TO the mans face III you
want to get revenge on me for what have said
don't let my gray hairs stand In the way. old as
! am, | young enough to whip you" Quite
crestfaen. the fellow skunk away and never
again heard to say anything against the cd w.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-05-09

singing the intervals as they are called Tor. lhus
notes upon the staff are made to represent some'
thing definite. and carry n meaning that'tney never
have when taught simply as hierogyphics' De-
fore the understanding OF what they represent jill
sounds IL acquired.
In this way a knowledge OF one note and one
interval after another Is gradually attained. The
class soon Is able to sing simple exercises ana tnen
simple songs 1t is interesting to witness the THRU
Of pleasure felt by these ardent beginners when
they enter upon their first part-sInging almost
before they know It. Mr.. Damroscb writes upon
his blackboard the theme OF simple round
or canon in the unison. He has them sing 1t to-
gether a few times. TIL they familiar with II;
then, starting the first voice part. he causes cne
others enter SUCCESSFULLY at the indicated points,
and when the little piece is in full progress the
singers loath stop. delighted are they with
the Joy of making their first real music"
The advance 10 study in different keys Is simple
after the thorough grounding in the ntervallic re-
latonshps secured in the beginning. SO, too -
the study OF the different clefs The Peoples Sing
ing Glasses do what very Few experienced
chors can do In this regard-they can read In the
G clef in It's various uses as alto. tenor ana go
prano clef as easily as In the ordinary and F
clefs-the treble" and "bass" clefs OF everyday
music. The progress made in these things Is
gradual yet steady: 1t is conditioned on the surety
given by actual practice and familiarity with the
various new elements ds they are brought up
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED.
II IL not OF course. to be expected that such
results can be obtained from the children In the
New-York public schools In the first year under
Mr. Damroschs supervision. or probably In any
other year. There will be many problems 70 be
solved in the matter Of organizing the instruction
In the vast. school system of this city. and Mr.
Damrosch has not yet, OF course. settled MS pan
Of operations. There are more than 10000 chiidren
In the schools Of this city, more than 1900 teach-
ors and about $50 schools Personal instruction Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-05-09
RAISING MUSHROOMS IN A coal NINE

From The PittSburg Commerclal GdIetts
That mushrooms be successfully grown In
has been established on the South Side. Mush-
room experts have held II impossible 10 grow the
spawn IN abandoned mines. although they nave
been successfully cultivated in caves ana quarres
for hundreds OF years
Henry Dietrich is a glass mouldmaker by trade
He Is intelligent man about hfty years Gr age
not far from Virglnia-ave. In the rear OF his house
Is abandoned coal mine. More than Two years
and raised some choice mushrooms last year.
Mr.. Dietrich has about eco SQUARE feet r oil sou on
has boxed up some in hunks. one above another;
He has experimental with different varieties and
mushroom which is canned and used to such
great extent in restaurants and hotels, although
the canned article is not nearly SO paiatable as
Mr. Dietrich had great trouble In clearing out
cultivate the mushroom. He put in sewer pipe
to carry away the large flow OF water also the
residences on Mount Washington are severed into
the abandoned mines.
The passageways in the mine are high enough
to walk In. standing erect and are about four
feet wide The temperature Is the same the whole
year which makes the cultivation OF the fungus so
Mr. Dietrich showed the writer beds with the
mushroom in various stages Of growth from the
pinhead, as the first shoots are called. to the full
grown. the latter creamy white with pink gis
Underneath In these beds 1000 pounds OF the
fungus were grown last year. The price averaged
about 80 Genus a pound. while during the Christ
mastide and midwinter 1t advanced to Is cents
Manure had to be hauled into the mine In great
quantities and mixed with earth. The water run
ming continually In the mine cannot be used
account OF the sulphur and other minerals which
injure the growth.
Superintendent William Falconer OF Schenley
Park Is an expert on mushroom growing He made
u report to the Government on their growth. which
the Government adopted as It's report and IL the
standard for all mushroom growers Mr.. Falconer
also wrote book on the subject which Ia recog-
nized as q standard work.
When Mr., Dietrich first attempted to raise the
fungus In the mine. he asked Mr.. Falconers opin-
Ion on the subject. Mr.. Falconer had never heard
that mushroom growing had been successful In
coal mines. and ne did not give much encourage
ment az to the experiment. Mr.. Falconer yester-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-05-09

with bge keels 70 reduce rolling TO minimum,
and with special contrvances 70 prevent Vibrations
from the revolving shaft There are sixteen ou!K-
heads and eighteen water-tght compar tmehs.
three of which could be filed with water without
endangering the safety Of the vessel douole oot'
tom provides against injury below the water me
She has four stacks and two triple-eXpanslon en-
gnes TO drive her two screws at an enormous rate
of speed. r .z, 49,
AS an illustration Of the manner OF machine me
modern Atlantic liner has developed into Tor pus-
poses of speed and comfort. II may be sad tnat the
kaiser Wilhelm der Crosse is pro rSvii 9 Win no
nders Everything possible has been done In W.
terror finishngs and decorations TO MAKE me sate
rooms and cabins attractive and comfortable fof
the $50 cabin passengers the steamer can acconno'
da;e. The crew will consist Of 10 men; 1. ,.u
built by the North German Lloyd Line. and Is 70
be called the Keiser Friedrich. Besides these Two
express steamers and the two passenger and freight
carriers, the Friedrich der Crosse and the konisn
Louise recently launched by the same line, there
are now under construction the Barabossa and
Bremen, which, when completed, Will make tne
North German Lloyd Lines feet one OF the nnes'
in the world
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-05-09

In one Of the Pail Mall galleries. 1t represents
an empty. water-ogged boat on stormy sea-
and is full Of the tragic pathos OF the ocean
Mr.. Peter Graham, who Is not at his best TINS
year. cannot equal these works In Intensity OF
vital interest, but he Is a rock-painter rather
than delineator Of sea life.
Other pictures which will excite comment and
admiration are Mr.. Gregory's "BOulter's Lock:
Sunday Afternoon and Mr.. La Thangue's
Travelling Harvesters." Mr.. Gregorys water
scene is taken from the neighborhood OF Maiden
head. but II seems familiar to those who know
the Thames above Oxford. 1t reveals jam or
pleasure craft below the gates Of lock. and is
brilliantly painted. Mr.. La Thangue's harvest
scene with It's background OF blue water Is re-
produced with extraordinary realism. This Is
painter whose work Is advancing by leaps ana
bounds and who must some day have unique
place in the annals Of English art. Mr.. Alma
Tadema has two small pictures which ofrer new
proof Of his capacity for painting textures
marbles and flowers. These are not examples
of his best art The water nymph Is the favorite
idyl this year. and every known species OF this
unclothed and dripping sprite Is represented on
the walls OF the Academy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-05-09

been made commander chief. In the previous
year he had been elected a member OF the Greek
Committee which had been formed In London. and
he soon sail for Cephalona. where Trelawney
fancicd him Impressed by the possibility OF re-
ceivirg a crown" Evading the Turks he reached
Missoorghi, where he took into his pay 20 dis-
orderly Sulio,es. It was rabblc regiment that ne
had gathered round him. ana he had TO disband 1t
very soon. MIssolonghi peculiarly unhealthy.
but Byron declined To leave his posi- and he sue
Cumbe1 to ar attack of fever.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1897-05-09
BYRON As COMMANDER.

HIS ARRIVAL AT MIssoLONGHI AND HIS
DEATH SEvENTY-THREE YEARS AGO.
1t curious coincidence that the day upon
which the first ntimaton Of the Turkish declara-
ton OF war against Greece was published was the
seventy-third anniversary Of the death Of Lord
Byron who died at Missolongh. where. he had