davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
PLAT OF 2O-ACRE FARM.

ly should be meadow for pasture. The
remaining six acres will make enough
of field for the cultivation of corn,
wheat, potatoes and root crops.
The products of six acres under cult
walton in the west where irrigation is
practiced may safely be estimated as
follows: Two acres of wheat, 100 bush
els; one acre of corn, so bushels; one
acre of oats, 20 bushels; one-half acre
of potatoes, $50 bushels; oDe-quarter
acre of beans, IS bushels; one-quarter
acre of onions, 100 bushels; one-quarter
acre of barley, 60 bushels; one acre car
rots, turnips and rutabagas, 1000 bush
els. These figures are not an average in
Utah, where small farming is practiced.
The yields are reported almost double
the figures given, in some instances.
OF this six-acre yield there would be
surplus of each product to sell.
Three acres in alfalfa will yield two
crops of hay and one of seed. The hay
will average two tons an acre each cut
ting, making - tons of hay. \ three
acre alfalfa pasture will keep two cows,
two horses, 90 sheep, 90 hogs, with sew
eral calves. The pasture and hay field
should be rotated each year. After ~
few years part of the cultivated area
should be planted to alfalfa, and one of
the grass plots plowed. Fences could be
made of woven wire, and be easily re-
moved from one tract to another.
The five-acre orchard should have one
acre devoted to Strawberries, raspber-
ries, blackberries, gooseberries and cur
rants. A half acre should be planted to
about four varieties of grapes. The bal
ance of the orchard area should contain
choice trees of various fruits, with the
outer rows composed of nut-bearing
trees. These serve as a protection
against wind and storm, and are as val
liable as the fruit trees. The yield upon
these several tracts cannot be esti-
mated, as so much depends upon proper
culture and the market.
Experienced farmers in Utah who
practice intensive cultivation give the
following figures on yields to the acre:
Strawberries, 5000 to $1,000; small
fruits, 5000 to $500; apples, 400 to 600
bushels. The stone fruits produce in
proportion to other varieties. One man
with three acres of grapes reports an
average yield of $3.50 an acre every year.
The grapes are sold green, made into
wine and raisins. Peaches are sold as
green fruit and evaporated.
The 2O-acre farmer can pay all his
expenses, ride in nice carriages, wear
good clothes, support and educate his
family, and save from $500 to $1,000 IA
year for the time of need. This cannot
be accomplished by wild speculation.
1t requires a careful attention to the
details of the little farm. No hard,
shaving physical labor is required. Why
should men toll and worry over their
thousands of acres and come out be-
hind at the end of the year when the
new agriculture shows them how to live
happy and contented on 2O-acre farm?
Joel Shoemaker, in Farm and Fireside.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
HANDY MANURE CART.

chine wheels, and as they were so far
apart l could not conceive of them as
belonging to nover-especially at this
time of year-so I concluded to investi-
gate it if | could succeed in tracing
the tracks to rhe hiding place of the OBJ
ject in question.
On arriving in sight of the barn I
found the object of my search. 1t proved
ts be a cart placed on an old pair of
moving machine wheels. And the farm
err, at that moment, had it backed up
to his stable door and was loading it
with manure. Every few mornings
when the box was full he hitched his
team to the cart and drove to the field to
unload.
The rough pen sketch accompanying
this will show its construction. IN size
the box is about six feet long and five
feet wide and two feet deep. - z. l..
Reamer, in Ohio Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
HoRNLESs HEREFoRpS.
New Breed of Cattle Produced by @
Knnsns SIncLmnn.

New Breed of Cattle Produced by a
Kansas StOckman.
Gen. w. w. Guthrie, of Atchison, Kan.
owner of q large ranch in Chase county
and a stock farm in Atchison county,
has just made public the result of an eX.
pertinent in stock breeding, covering
period of eight years. He claims to have
developed an entirely new breed of cat
tie, which has been the dream of stock
raisers for years, and which for the
present he has named Herefords. He
has succeeded in developing an animal
with all the main markings of Here
ford, but which is without horns. He
began his experiments in the belief that
a strain of cattle could be developed
from the Hereford that would meet
more satisfactorily the requirements
for beef and milk, and he is confident
that his experiments have been success
full.
He has never abandoned the idea
that horns could be bred out of the
Hereford strain, and now, after years of
experimenting, he has herd OF q
heifers and two bulls that are polled
Herefords. The new breed is somewhat
larger than the Hereford and with
sparer hips, but retain the natural
markings. Gen. Guthrie believes that
the new breed is superior to the Here
ford as a beef quality, and is convinced
that they viii meet his expectations as
to milking qualities.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
PUSHING THE LAMBS.
How Rapid Growth Can be Main
tanned Readily.

How Rapid Growth Can be Main.
tanned Readily.
The principal object to be secured in
raising early lambs for market is to.
mature fine animal of good size and
condition as early as possible. Earli-
aess and good weight are the two prin'
cipal items to be secured, and care
should be taken to secure these as rapid
ly and as economically as possible.
One important item is to give the
lambs an early start. The first few days
is the most important time, and if by
neglect it is stunned at this time, no
after treatment viii entirely overcome
the effects. 1t should be kept warm and
dry, and the dam should be fed and
cared for in way that will best enable
her to supply plenty of good milk.
When the ewes are fed literally with
ground feed and the troughs are of suf-
ficient length to admit of the lambs eat
ing by the side of their dams, the lambs
will learn to eat when very young.
Whenever they have learned to eat
fairly well, a separate place should. be
provided for them, where they can be
fed by themselves. This place should
be arranged so that the lambs can run
in and out at will. They should be fed
in this pen at least twice day. Wheat
bran, chopped feed, oil meal, combined
with corn meal, makes a good combina-
ton.
While it is an item to feed literally,
it can hardly be said to be good plan
to keep feed before them all the time.
The quicker they can be taught to
eat and the better they are fed the bet
ter growth it will be possible to secure,
and the less drain it will be upon the
ewes
drowned by waves washing over this
/. The temperature of the water SON
4 few hours before the boat was was
ed was 4s degrees, not cold can
gh to freeze person to death. yea
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19

CONVENIENT FEED TROUGH

the wall of the poultry house. 1t can
be recommended from the fact that il
occupies no floor room and being up
from the floor the fowls cannot get in
IL with their feet, thus soiling and
wasting the food. A trough five inches
deep and five feet long will accommo-
date IS fowls. For large flock several
small troughs are better than one large
one. Put in the soft food and spread
it from one end to the other. AS soon
as the fowls are through eating the
trough should be swept out. Once a
week it should be washed with hot
water. Many bowel diseases may be
traced to the filth eaten in the soft food.
1t is impossible for fowls to pick up
soft food from filthy surface without
swallowing the adhering filth.-Orange
Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
BADLY ARRANGED BOOSTS.

one is unoccupied. The fear of danger
will prompt fowls to seek the highest
roosting place. If the roosts are level,
no injury from getting on and off will
occur and the fowls will not crowd one
another.
The following arrangement is a con-
venient one: Make tight platform a
foot and half from the floor, to catch
the droppings. Around the edge nail
a strip one by three to keep the drop
pings from scattering and which will
give a step for the fowls in going on
and off. A platform arranged in this
way is conducive to cleanliness, as the
fowls will not step in the manure and
track it over the floor. Place the roosts
a foot above the platform and rest them
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
Regarding Poultry Diseases.

Most of the diseases that affiict poul-
try are the effects of unsanitary sur
roundings and due entirely to the care
lessness or Indifference of keepers.
Naturally poultry is not sicl1ly, and if
given proper care will keep in good
health without being dosed with any
drugs or nostrums of any kind. The
writer has had good many years Of
experience in poultry keeping, and in
all that time has never found it neces-
sary to give any great amount of medi-
cine to his fiocks. Pure feed, pure wa
ter, comfortable quarters and cleanli.
ness in all the surroundings of the flock
will insure it's health and thrift. The
poultry keeper who has dad luck" with
his flock and finds it dwindling away
from the effect of disease is nine times
out of ten receiving the just penalty
for some of his sins of omission.-Farm-
0rs' Voice.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
FEEDER FOR TURKEYS.

and six inches wide, putting legs on
X shape, making trough just high
enough so the chickens could not reach
the food, but the turkeys could. Lay
q board or plank on top, wide enough
to prevent chickens from reaching the
trough when they fly ON top. Do not
nail the board on top, as you want to
take it off when putting in feed. Set
the trough near the turkeys roosting
place and keep it well supplied with
food, so the birds can get all they want
at all times. 1 use a mixture of corn
five parts, oats two parts and wheat one
part.-0hio Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
PROPERLY ARRANGED RoosTs

firmly in a slot or mortise, as seen in
Fig. 2. Make them of two by three
scantling, rounded on the upper side,
planned perfectly smooth so that the
fowls will not be likely to get splinters
in their feet. Smooth roosts are easily
cleaned and do not harbor lice. The
perches should be far enough apart to
prevent soiling of plumage; IA or is
inches is about the right distance. AL
low one foot on the roost for each fowl
of the large breeds and less for the
small breeds.
In Fig. is seen a handy feed trough.
It is V-shaped and securely fastened to
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19

Mrs. Bertha Lehrman, No. Erie St.,
27th Ward, Pittsburg, Pa, writes to
Mrs. Pinkham: 81 can, hardly find
words with which to thank you for
what you have done for me. suffered
nearly seven years with backache and
sideache, leucorrhna and the worst
forms of womb troubles. Doctors failed
to do me any good. have taken four
bottles of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegeta-
BILE Compound and one box of Liver
Pills and used one package of Sanative
Wash, and now can say am well and
have been steadily gaining flesh; am
stouter and heartier now than have
been for years. l am recommending
your Vegetable Compound to my
friends. Again 1 thank you for the
good health am now enjoying"
A STANDING INVITATION.
Women suffering from any form of fe-
male weakness are invited to promptly
communicate with Mrs. Pinkham at
Lynn, Mass. All letters are received,
opened, read and answered by women
only. A woman can freely talk of her
private illness to a woman; thus has
been established the eternal condolences
between Mrs. Pinkham and the women
of America, which has never been
broken. Out of the vast volume of ex-
perience which she has to draw from It
is more than possible that she has
gained the very knowledge that will
help your case. She asks nothing In
return except your good will, and her,
advice has relieved thousands. Surely,
any woman, rich or poor, is very fool.
ish if she does not take advantage Of
this generous offer of assistance.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
TO PROPERLY DRAW A STUMP.

machines or otherwise pulling in hori-
zontal direction, it is advisable to hitch
to the stump in the manner illus
trated. If the cham is fastened to u
large side root at the side nearest the
machine, double as much power is re-
quired as if it were hitched on the
opposite side and the chain passed over
the stump, either if hitched to root
and passed over, or when hitched to the
further side of high stump near the
top and passed over.-Egbert BoulCma,
in Farm and Home.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19

box or other carrier, as at E, after being
lowered. Two two-inch boards are laid,
as at II II in the cut. F F are also two
inch boards, fastened at one end and
loose at the other. so that they can be
spread apart to allow the box (E) to de-
scend into the well. When it comes UP
loaded they are again placed as shown
in the illustration and the box rests
upon them. The track (K) is of plank
and convenient for drawing the box
over it to be emptied. A small truck
can be run under the box after it is
raised over the track (K) and on the
cross pieces Of F.. This makes unload
ing much easier. A short sled built
after the fashion of stone boat has also
been found convenient for dragging
it away by horse.-John Tucker, in
Farm and Home
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
THE POULTRY YARD.
How to Construct Sensible ROOsta
and "a Convenient Feed Box.

How to Construct Sensible ROOsts
and "A Convenient Feed Box.
There are many ways of constructing
andplacingroosts. The aim should be to
make them comfortable for the fowls
and convenient for the attendant in
handling and cleaning. Place all roosts
back from the windows out of the way
of draughts. They should be low and of
uniform height. Bruising of feet is
frequently caused by fowls jumping
down from high perch, If arranged
one above another, as seen in Fig. 1,
the fowls will jump from the lowest
perch to the next and the strongest
fowls will crowd down the weaker ones.
The highest perch will be uncomforta-
bly, crowded while portion of the lower
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
HINTS FOR BEGINNERS.
How One Can Make a Sensible Star
with bees.


with Bees.
The first step is to get good text
book on Bookkeeping and study it
thoroughly. Then get another one and
study that. Perhaps a third could be-
profitably added to the list. If bee
keepers convention should be held near
by, attend that; if not, visit neighbor-
ing bee-keepers and talk bees" with
them-perhaps this would be better
than the ordinary bee conventions,
though both are good. After this, il
it is the intention to make Bookkeeping
a special business. much time may be
saved by spending at least one season
with some professional apiarist. If this
cannot be done, the best way will be to
begin at home with few colonies, and
allow the bees and the knowledge to
keep pace one with the other.
The beginner is quite likely to make
some mistakes, and it is better to make
them with small number of colonies.
Perhaps ten colonies would be sufficient
TO begin with. Many recommend buy
ing cheap colonies of blacks in box
hives, transferring them to movable
frames and Italianizing them: but
transferring as usually done is very
disagreeable job, requiring some nerve,
patience and skill, and seems scarcely
the proper work at which to set novice.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
weight of the Earth.

A scientific man who has given much
study to the question has come to the
conclusion that the weight of the earth,
taking the ton as the unit, is expressed
by figure six followed by 81 ciphers.
There is no reason to believe that this
estimate is fairly accurate, and also to
be thankful that in the nature of things
it is impossible to drop the earth on
ones toes.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19

A bulletin of the Ohio station tells
how seed oats were successfully treated
by the hot water method in 1898 and
1896, to prevent smut. 1t Is estimated
thatOhio farmers fost notices. than hal.
a million dollars this year, on account
Of smut IN oats. The crop from un-
treated seed ut the station showed &c
smutted heads out of every 100, while
tho treated seed yielded o much larger
crop entirely free of smut.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19

The water of the River Tinto, in Spain,
hardens and petrifies the sand of its bed,
and If a stone falls in the stream and
alights upon another in few moments
they unite and become one stone. Fish
cannot live in its waters.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
senate ana the ruiz Case.

ashington, March s3.-Without
nent or opposition, a resolution
ed by Mr.. Allen was agreed to in
senate requesting the president to
to the senate the correspondence
zen the United States and Spain
also between the state department
Consul-General Lee at Havana
i've to the death of DR.. Ruiz in
vt Guanabacoa, Cuba. The resolu-
further requests information as to
steps have been taken towards
iry and reparation.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
DIGGING FARM WELLS.

How Horse Power Can BE Used to
Excellent Advantage.
Horse power is cheaper than hu-
man muscle. To use the former in well
digging, set four timbers four by four
firmly in the ground over the well hole
and bolt together at the top. AT A at
tach strong rope, run it through a
pulley, as at B, through another sus-
pended from the top of the framework,
and finally through pulley at D and to
the whiff1etree. The horse can easily
raise the dirt which is shoveled into the
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
FOR cARTING MANURE.

Handy COntrivance Put Together by
an Ohio Farmer.
While on a recent trip through por-
ton of our county l saw contrivance
that struck me as good thing. While
nearing the home of farmer l saw
in the road the marks of moving ma
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
MOISTURE OF SOIL.
How to Preserve ID by Means of Ju-
dicioua narrowing.

HoM to Preserve ID by Means of Ju-
diciOus narrowing.
Narrowing to save moisture is thus
treated in bulletin No. 100 of the New
York experiment station. "The har-
row. besides pulverizing and filming the
soil for the seed bed, is most efficient
in furnishing soil mulch. The
spring-tooth harrow is in reality a Gull
tivator and its action is similar to that
of the cultivator. When used as an in
strument to conserve moisture, the
| teeth should penetrate to the depth of
about three inches, and to produce the
best effect the ridges left by it should
/ be leveled OFF 10y smoother which can
4 new be purchased as an attachment to
\ MIe narrow. The tillage of orchards
4 "A the harrow is now practiced extern
Sely, and nothing short Of irrigation
K III so nearly meet the demands of trees
H ~ moisture, particularly upon the
y eavier soils. A harrow having plow-
n Ike action of its blades serves to pull
ITeFize the surface soil, to spread the
n Use mulch evenly and it leaves most
n skellent seed bed. The cutaway or
&c harrow may be beneficial or of
solute injury. If the discs are so
u q that they cover but a portion OF
M a surface of the mulch they leave
'Sl4 kidge exposed to the action of the
I'D and sun and the rate of evapora-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
Holiday Weeks at 0ehm's.

Our direct that the Clothing shown Oehms AZ me
Hall better made sold lower prices and durable
ever, is still undspued.
If wish for instance ask 90 Mems
Scotch Chevots Homespun &C. Cutting, fitting making
equanay superior-to the ordinary $500 Suits Th one
fact of many.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
FEEDER FOR TURKEYS.

A Device That Serves the Purpose
Indicated by Its Name.
l have had several years experience
in the poultry business, especially in
turkey raising. l find that it never
pays to keep fattening turkeys in con-
finement. The problem was how to feed
them without letting the chickens share
in food. finally hit upon device that
serves the purpose admirably. made
a trough out of boards six feet long
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
PICKED UP ON BROADWAY.
Woman in an Unconscious COndi-
ton Found on Sidewalk.
THERE WAS SUSPICION OF FOUL PLAY

Upon Examination at the Hospital, Her Body
Was Discovered to be Covered with Scars
Caused by the Hypodermic Injection of
Morphine-Facts Published as Warning
to Other Women.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
In Italianizing there "a Efs6EF i,siw

losing queens, particularly if the work
isdone by AN inexperienced person. Still,
if one has plenty of determination and
little money this course may be advis-
able. 1t is much more pleasant, how
ever, for the beginner to begin with
Italians in movable comb hives.
Spring is the best time to buy bees.
and it is better to get them as near
home as possible, as express charges
are very heavy and long journeys are
likely to injure the colonies. would
advise even a beginner to buy black
bees in box hives near home and them
transfer and Italianize, rather than have
bees shipped many hundreds of miles.
The cost of beginning in Bookkeeping
might be estimated something as fol-
lows:
pee literature. ;..'.................$ b 90
1B{ee-smoker and veil, .::................ l 50
Ten colonies of bees at $5............ so 90
New hives for swarms. 10 90
Sections and comb foundations. ....... 10 0G
Total ......................s76 so
1t might be we'll for the beginner to
produce extracted honey at first, in
which case an extractor would be
needed. This costs about ten dollars,
but no sections would be needed, nor
so much foundation, though there
would be needed some vessels in which
to store the honey. The one thing that
the beginner needs to avoid in produc-
ing extracted honey is extracting too
closely, taking away too much honey
and leaving the bees short of stores
No honey should be taken from the
brood nest. A rock upon which the be-
ginner is likely to split is dividing col
onies too early. too frequently or too
late. To allow each colony to swarm
once, if it will, and prevent after-swarm-
ing, would be a safe plan for the begin
her to follow.-Colman's Rural World
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
Mems overcoats and Suits.

Our stock comprises nearly 1900 Mems
Suits and Overcoats of every new and desir-
able fabric and style for the season, from So
TO S35
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
DRAWING A STUMP.

How to Hitch to Secure Results with
the Least ExertiOn.
My experience has taught me that
for those using capstan CRIB and stump
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
Mems Pants.

$500; until to-day were $500 and $3.50.
These are the best values we have ever seen.
The styles are new, neat and very desirable.
A saving of Sl.O0 to Sl50 on each $500 ex
pended.
Others from q co TO 81 60
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19

drowned by waves washing over
I. The temperature of the water
4 few hours before the boat was
ed was 4s degrees, not cold
9Th to freeze a person to death.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
Children's Refers.

Ages to years. Fine Blue Chinchila
pure dye, large, deep sailor collar Attrac
tive looking and SO cosy for the youngsters,
81 50 and S. 10 Values up to 5000 and 5000.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-03-19
Bows Linden Suits.

Heavy weight Vicuna Cheviots in Blacks
and Browns-pretty effects All are strictly
high grade and advance styles. Values are
unusual" $3.50 to $3.50 is what they are
worth-S3.5O to S3.75 our price. Sizes to
years.