davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-03-15
PASSING OF A PIONEER.

WnllAn Deury. the western Iuinols Land
owner IL No More.
William Drury, the farmer and
wealthy western Illinois landowner,
died at his homo ct Keithsburg,
Mercer county. Saturday night. He
was the largest individual land
owner in the United States, having
hundreds Of thousands of acres in
Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas and
Texas, besides 5000 acres of the
richest farming land in Mercer
county.
He was 81 years old. and came to
Mercer county in 1881. His invest
ments were in farm land and stock
alone, and he added every year to his
vast possessions. William Drurv
was born in Pickaway county, Ohio,
in 1859. In 1888 he came to Illinois
on prospecting tour, and the allur-
ing prairie LIANT caught his fancy.
He decided to settle. and took MP q
claim near where the village of New
Boston now stands. When Mercer
county was organised, in 1885. Mr..
Drury WAS selected for tie first re-
corder. an Office which he held for
many>Jears in succession. One OF
the things for which he was very "a
nous was his splendid home and Its
famous park. Directly in front OF
his house he constructed Q park
OF IS acres. He stocked it with
buffalo, deer. elk, foxes, squirrels,
antelope. swans. tiger cats, coonl
and badgers. This park soon be.
came famous and was visited BY
thousands of persons at all times.
He had six barns. surrounding 9
$4,000 brick house, q farmhouse
with all the modern improvements
including gas, hot and cold water
steam heat, conservatory and 9
magnificent library.
He had engaged in mercantile pur
suits beside agriculture and stoch
raising, and was also banker. H.
leaves q wife and one son.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-03-15

A new lot Of ready-to-wear Dress
Skirts Just received, full four yards
wide. good rustic lining, velvet bind
ing at el.]2. e1.87 and sass. Three
Of the greatest bargains of the year.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-03-15
fo Consumptivss.

AS An honest remedy Foley's Honey
and Tar does not hold out false
hopes in advanced stages, but truth
fully claims to give comfort and re-
Lief in the very worst cases, and in
the early stages to effect q cure.
Sold BY n. F. Bahnsen.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-03-15
Th0 True Re m sdy.

W. n. Repine. editor Of the lis.
kilwa. ILL.,, "Chief." says: I'VE
won't keep house without DR.. Kings
New Discovery for Consumption.
Coughs and colds. Experimented
with many others, but never got the
true remedy until We used Dr.. Kings
New Discovery. No other remedy
can take its place in our home. IS in
1t we have certain and sure cure
for Coughs, Colds. Whooping Cough,
ETC." 1t is idle to experiment With
other remedies. even IL they are
urged on you as just ~ good - DR..
Kings New Discovery. They are
not as good. because this remedy has
. record Of cures and beside is guar
anteed. 1t never fails to satisfy.
Trial bottles free ct Hartz 4 Ulie-
meyers drug store.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-03-15

riain white Dinner Sets. full 100
pieces. including two covered vses.
table dishes. eas7 for the cot.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1897-03-15
Tar Oollsosor,e Noeioe,

The taxes for 1896 are now due
and payable at the law office of
y. E. Cramer, 1912 Second avenue.
Bring last years tax receipts
and avoid delay in searching for de-
scriptions. HENRY KROEGER,
Township Collector.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-23

Turning to pure literature. Prof. Dowden finds
the writer who. undesignedly. was the chief
English representative Of revolutionary senti-
ment in days before the French Revolution, in
the poet Cowper, although he was, by his family
connections. a Wing, a devout promoter OF tho
evangelical revival In the Church of England
and n man of a gentle and unaggressive temper.
1t was less, however, by virtue OF his ardor on
behalf of political liberty. though this was genu-
inc, than by his feeling for simpliication and
his humanitarian sentiment that Cowper do
served to be classed among the precursors of
revolution. Looking abroad from his retreat at
Olney, the poet seemed to perceive that England
was ailing at the heart. He saw avarice. luxury,
venality and perjury alike in Church and State.
In his recoil. however, from the artifciality of
eighteenth century society, Cowper did not go
to the extremes in which Rousseau sometimes
INDUCED his morbid sensibility; he held that
civilized life is friendly to virtue, but not such
perverted civilization as is seen in modern
cities; God" he said, made the country and
man made the town." Even the simplicity OF
rural lifc, he said, had been invaded; the coun-
try was no longer the Arcadia of Virgil or Sid
ney; mo. We are polished now" fashion had
travelled from the city streets to the village;
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-23
He.

Besides tho idea of human perfectibility and
the humanitarian passion. a third element en-
tered into the revolutionary spirit before the
Revolution, and produced remarkable effects In
literature as we'll as in life. The keynote of this
third element has boon expressed by Mr.. Morley
In the word "simplif cation." The Revolution
was, or aimed at being, "a return to nature" an
elastic phrase capable OF many meanings.
When Pope and Addison pleaded for a return
to nature they meant a return to good sense.
the common intelligence and the observation of
actual life. in place of the fantastic ingenuities
of false wit and tho eccentricities of private
conceit. Now the meaning was different.
1.-THE return to nature signifed a simplihca-
tion In the social life In contrast with the ar
tinciality and conventions which had accumu-
lated In a highly complex age, and especially In
cities and in courts. 1t signihed a recognition
in politics OF the rights Of man as man, regard
less Of the claims of aristocratic caste or class;
an assertion of unbounded freedom for the in
divldual or of freedom limited only by such
duties as were imposed by universal fraternity.
Not only in these, but in minor respects. the
Revolution protested to simplify life. For ex-
ample, as a young man, Fox had worn elegant
costumes, red-heeled shoes. and blue hair pow
der; during the American war. on the contrary.
he and his friends distinguished themselves by
a studious indifference to the refnements OF
dress. But, although gradually undermined and
insensibly perishing of atrophy. dress never
totally fell until the era of Jacobinism and Of
equality In 1894. Then II was that hair pow
der, like wigs, was discarded; that the cooked
hat and silver shoe buckles went out of fashion.
and we are reminded that. simultaneously with
the simplihcation of dress, poetic diction was
simpliied, the new theory being that the actual
language of common discourse suflced for the
highest needs of literature.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-23
~.

That the Savahoes have a religion, In truth,
an elaborate pagan cult. is demonstrated in
this volume. The author says that but little Is
to be gained by putting direct questions about
it to members Of the tribe. and what he has
learned concerning 1t has been derived from an
analysis of the large dry paintings shown on
the floors Of the medicine lodges. from his OBJ
servation Of the ceremonies, or so-called dances,
and from his study Of the myths, ritual songs,
and prayers. II results from his Investigations
that the Navahoes do not recognize a supreme
God. and apparently cannot conceive of one.
Their religion reflects their social condition.
Their Government is democratic. and their gods,
like their men, stand nearly on a level OF equal
ity. There Is no highest chief OF the tribe, and
all their chiefs arc men OF temporary and Ill
defined authority whose power depends largely
on their personal influence. their oratory, and
their reputation for wisdom. SO It Is with the
Navajo pantheon. In the version Of the Origin
Legend hore given the Sun God seems to have
some precedence over tho others. but in the be-
ginning no was only one Of many equals; he
never figures conspicuously Rs a creator. and Is
far from omnipotent. Other gods less potent or
respected are supposed by the Navahoes to have
lived before the time OF man. and to have been
powerful before the sun was made. The legend
begins with an already created world; there is
no original creation and no Creator of all. II
the Navahoes have a story of the beginning OF
all things, the author has not learned it. They
have, indeed. Il god called Bekotsidi. TO whom Is
given the credit Of having made all animals
whose creation is not otherwise accounted for
in the myths. especially domestic animals.
1t is generally acknowledged by the MAYA
hoes that their most revered deity is Estsanat-
lehi, the Woman Who Changes, or reiuyenates
herself. Much is said Of her In the legend. but
Major Matthews has learned something more
through conversation with the Shamans. Sho is
30 called because II Is believed she never remains
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-23

the pupils learn wotds. not things; on the grand
tour young mon contract foreign vices without
widening their minds; conversation is trivial or
vicious; sIlly plays, novels, and pamphlets have
replaced works Of solid lltorature; tho fno arts
are dopraved opera andpantomlmc arc preferred
to Shakespeare's plays; mems principles are as
bad rs their manners; religion Is univer-
sally ridiculed, yet the fashionable ire
ligion Is shallow; vices are laughed at
on the stage and prnctised at home
without a blush; the professions are corrupt, OK
cept law. which ministers to tho selfish, and
physic. which INSISTS tho effcminatc; politicians
arc mere jobbors; officers are gamblers and bull
lies; the clergy are contcmneda and contcmptiblo;
low spirits and nervous disorders have notori-
ously increased. until the people Of England are
no longer capable of self-defenco." In spite OF
the gravity OF this indictment, Brown was no
rovolutionist. lie simply gavo nm early express
sion to the feoling In favor Of simplincation
which was part Of tho revolutionary mode OF
feeling. The sentiment, OF course, was far more
powerfully expressed by Rousseau. and he who
was "A chief inspircr OF the doctrine and tho
passions of revolution gained n not incon-
siderable following in England. In 1867 John
Wesley, evidently shocked, wrote in his jour
nal: "I had a conversation with an ingenious
man, who proved to n demonstration that it
was the duty of every man that could to be
clothed in purple and fine linen. and to fare
sumptuously every day, and that he would do
abundantly more good thereby than he could do
nv feod,nu tho hungry and clotbinp tho naked.
n tho denth NJ human nnderstandipy, What
MAJ not n man bcIievo n he will p" wcslev's
nrotcst agains, Injury was reneated m the owe
NJ tho revolution Inv Hannah More. She was a
reformcr though - n ia true that she did noa desire
tho over,hroyvo of tbrones and NJ churches. Tho
tcndcncvt oward s;nnlidcotion hoyyevor nossed
bcvond the rcvoIutionarv groun win Hannah
More a. yvos allied IN her Religious conyictions.
sbe mourns over thu ney,ect NJ re,;pious duties
INV norson. common,v csteemed as n GOOD
hind NJ neonIe" md over "tbis volun.
tuous ace. when n frivo,ous and relaxing
dissinotion has ,nfected our yerv studies"
ao that inadoIitv itself would not he at tho
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-23
H..

Ethnographically, who are the Navahoesi
They are usually regarded by ethnologists as
being, by blood as well as by language, of the
Dene or Athapascan stock, and Major Mat
thews thinks that such they are In the main.
He points out, however, that their Origin Leg
end represents them as a very mixed race. con-
tanning elements OF Zuhian and other Pueblo
stocks, of Shoshonian and Yuman, and the
appearance Of the people, We are told, cor
Eoborates the legend. There is no such thing, it
seems. as a general or prevailing Navajo type.
The people vary much in feature and stature.
Every variety of Indian face and form may
be seen among them; tall men with aquiline
noses and prominent features such us arc found
among tho Crows and Dakotahs. and again
dwarfsh men with subdued features. such as are
encountered among the Pueblos of New Mexico
and Arizona. The cOuntenances of the Nava-
hoes are as O rule intelligent and expressive;
some are stern and angry, some pleasant and
smiling. others calm and thoughtful; seldom are
any seen that are duh and stupid. These char
acteristics are to DO noted among the women
as well as among the men. Major Mat
thews tells JUS that the social position
Of the Navajo women Is one of great
Independence; much of tho wealth OF the
nation belongs to them; they are the man
ayers OF their own property, the owners OF
their own children, and their freedom lends
spirit to their physiognony. In our authors
Judgment the language OF the Savahoes UNI
doubtedly belongs. in the main, TO the Athapas,
can or 1Innch family. The Athapascans or
Tinneh are a people whose diffusion is only
oqualled by that OF the Aryans or Semitic ma
tions of the Old World. They stretch from the
northern interior OF Alaska down into Sonora
and chihuahua. over a tract moro than 1000
miles in length. The Origin Legend. however,
translated in this volume, declares the Navajo
speech TO be a mixed language. and it is pro-
nouncod reasonable TO suppose that such
a composite race cannot possess n Very
pure tongue. The various accessions to
the tribe from other stocks have probably added
many words of alien origin 10 its vocabulary.
What these additions arc will not be known un-
til all the languages OF the Southwest have been
thoroughly studied.
TIE habitations OF the Navahoes are usual.
ly OF a Very simple tyOe. The most com.
mon form consists of a conical frame made
by setting up g number OF sticks at an
angle OF about ~. An opening 10 left at one
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-23

side Of the cone 10 answer as q doorway. The
franc is covered with weeds, bark or grass and
Garth. except at the apex, where tho smoke
from the fire in tho centre OF the floor is allowed
TO escape. In the doorway hangs an old blanket.
like a curtain, in place Of n door. The opening
OF the door. however. is not n simple hiatus, as
many descriptions and pictures would lead ono
to suppose. A cross piece forming n Intel CON
meets the jambs Mt n convenient height, and the
triangular space between tho Intel and the
smoke hole MT tho apex Of tho cone is filled in.
Some lodges arc made OF logs In n polygonal
form: again, they are occasionally built partly
of stone. In cold weather n small storm door or
portico Is often erected in front of the door, and
an outer as we'll as an inner curtain may be
hung, the moro effectively to keep out
tho wind. Contiguous TO the hut the Navajo
usually constructs n rude shelter of branches,
or corral. or summer house. where In fair
weather tho family cook and spend most OF the
day. Hero. too, the women Greet their looms.
and weave or set out their metates and grind
corn. The medicine lodges, when erected in
regions where long poles may be cut, are usually
built In the form of the ordinary huts. though OF
much greater size. When these large lodges arc
constructed at low attitudes where only stunted
trees grow. they are built on q huge frame,
with walls and roof separate, somewhat
on tho Same plan as the lodges formerly
used by tho Mandams and other tribes on
the Missouri. The sweathouse, or sudatory, Is
n diminutive form of the ordinary hut, except
that It has no smoke.hole, fire never being
kindled in It; neither has 1t q storm door. Stones
are heated in n fire outside and carried with an
extcmporized tongs Of sticks into the sudatory.
The swcathousc is sometimes sunk partly under
ground. and is always thickly covered with
earth. When used for ceremonial purposes the
interior of the sudatory is sometimes decorated
with dry paintings. The reason why tho Nava-
hoes, although on initiative and docile people,
have not copied the dwellings OF their neigh
bors. tho Mexicans and Pueblo Indians. Is that
they cannot afford to rear such relatively costly
structures to be used only for a single lifetime.
Believing a house haunted or accursed in which
a human being dies, they never enter it again,
and usually destroy II.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-23
SOME II o


Ethnologists will welcome the carefully
printed and beautifully illustrated volume en-
titled Ndraho Legends. by Major WASHINGTON
MATTHEW'S Houghton. Minlin & Coz. This In
a%unique collection OF the traditions. myths, and
folk lore of tho Navajo Indians brought to-
rether and translated by the author, who is
widely known rs the former President OF the
American Folk Lore Society. In addition 10 the
numerous cuts with which tho book is inter
spersed, there arc n number OF ~full-pagc illus
trations admirably executed in colors by Miss
Louise wainwright, who hns done much to
mako the volume attractive 10 the general
reader, ms we'll rs to the specialist. As r.
CARDS tho substance OF the book, there is
no doubt that Major Matthews will hcnceforth
be acknowledged as the highest authority upon
n subject hitherto impcrfoctly clucidatcd. His
Introduction. which comprises some Sixty pages
Is a contribution of great value to our knowl-
edge OF aboriginal Americans. In this notice
we shall avail ourselves OF n few OF the data,
now for tho first time brought TO light or
wrought into q consistent picture. by when tine
author has placed Amcricanists under q wcighty
obligation. How weighty will be measured by
those aware that for many years the most
trusted account OF the Navajo Indians OF New
Mexico and Arizona was set forth In a letter
written by DR.. Jonathan Lethcrmnn OF tho
army, and published in tho Smithsonian report
for 1853. Tho statements of fact and deduc'
tions propounded in that letter are, to n largo
extent, rctuted or, superseded by the elaborate
work before us.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-23
THE SUN, SUNDAY. MAY %, 1897.

70 that Of Buckle, The conclusion which Oar
winihn science must eventually establish 10, In
Mr.. Kids view, that tho evolution slowly pro
ceeding in human society has primarily a re-
ligioua rather than an intellectual character.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-23

in ono condition, but grows 70 DO an old woman,
and then, in the course OF time, becomes q young
! girl again, md so passes through an endless
course OF lives, changing, but mover dying. Tho
author deems IL probable that she Is an apotheo-
sis OF nature or OF the changing year. Next TO
these in Importance seem to stand tho Two
sacred brethren whom the writer dcsignates
ms the war gods; tho Navnhoes, however,
do not chll them thus. Their chief mis-
sion was to destroy alien Rois; but they
also help tho warriors in battle and aid tho
sick who suffer from witchcraft. Tho longest
chapter In the Origin Legend Is devoted to their
genesis and history. BY alien gods arc meant
those who are hostile TO man. They are usually
represented rs creatures of great size, and are
analogous TO tho giants and ogres OF European
folk lore. Tho worst arc supposed to have pcen
slain, but others, being not unmiNed evils, still
remained to torment mankind. Besides tho
alien gods, there are evil spirits haunting
tho earth and dreaded by mon; these
boar a name which Major Matthews
translates by devil. The Navahoes believe that
there is n devil associated with every corpse.
and that II has something of tho appearance OF
a partly decayed human body. The spirit OF the
dead man goes to the lower world. which was
tho former homo OF the race. but q demon re-
mains with tho dead body. The author OF this
book tells us that he has never known any In
dams VINO had Sucn dreau as nave inc NhVhhOoe
of human mortuary remains. We observe,
lastly, that a great number Of ceremonies arc
p~ractised by tho Navajo priests; many Of
these are Of nine days duration; others
last but a single day or q few hours.
All tho great ceremonies which the author has
witnessed were primarily for the healing OF the
sick, but the occasion was always used to ask
the gods for various temporal blessings, not only
for tho sick person, but for other individuals,
and, indeed, for the people in general. The cost
OF q ceremony often amounts to two or three
hundred dollars. The sacrifices Of the Nava-
hoes arc innocent and bloodless. Their kindly
gods are easily propitiated. Like their wor-
shippers, they are all fond OF tobacco. and they
prize a few feathers and beads. The author tells
us that an extensive chapter might be written
about the sacriicial cigarettes.
The facts and deductions laid before us in this
volume are attainable nowhere else. They repre-
sent the outcome of the patient labor Of many
years. They will add materially to the distinction
which the author had already acquired among
the students of the American aborigines.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1897-05-23

Tho French Revolution and English Literature.
Among tho lectures delivered in connection
with the sesqui-centennial celebration Of Prince
ton University none attracted more attention
or are likely to excite moro general interest
than the series of discourses on the relation of
The French Revolution TO English Literature.
pronounced by EDWARD DowDEN, LII D., Pro-
fcssor of English Literature in the University
of Dublin (Scribners). The substance Of these
discourses had been previously embodied in
lectures given at Trinity College, Cambridge,
when the author held the Clark lectureship in
English literature. but they were revised and
expanded before they were delivered on this
side OF the Atlantic. As the author
tells us in his preface. he has not
attempted here to prove a thesis. He has sim
ply tried to enter, in a disinterested way. into
the spirit of each writer who comes within the
scope Of his subject, and to let the meanings and
influences, impulsions and repulsions of the
French Revolution, as they entered into Eng
lish literature. -Spound themselves. 1t has
been. in a word. the authors aim to present
some important figures on a background of
history, by which, of course. he has in view a
history of ideas rather than Of events. The
book before us contains six chapters correspond
ing to the number Of lectures. The sub-topics
are the precursors of revolution; the theorists of
revolution; the opponents Of revolution, among
whom Edmund Burke became prominent: the
early revolutionary group and its antagonists;
the period of reaction: and that Of renewed rev.
dictionary advance.