The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1897-07-03
CHo1oE OF BREEDS.
A Lecture by Mr.. Willis P. Hazard.
Of westchester. Pa. at West
minister. Md, June 8. 1897.
CHOICE OF BREEDS.

CHOICE or BREEDS.
Granted then shat your selection is well made,
the breeding is correct and progressive, and the
feeding is such that the best resultsare produced
The intelligent dairyman will have selected his
breed according to the purpose for which he wants
It, for milk or for butter for either of which pup
pose he viii be guided by his nearness to city
market or to creamery. If, whether he wants
milk for sale or for the creamery and discrimi-
nation is made by his customers, he viii have the
milk breed which win give him the largest guam
tity and therefore will select the Fresan, the Ayr
shire or the Durham or the grades Of these breeds
as produced by crosses of the Jersey and Guernsey
breeds upon them to enrich the quality If he
makes his own butter he will select the Jerseys and
Guernseys, OF grades of these close up to the pure
stock
The great improvement in the grade of cows
usually Kept on good farm is very marked indeed
in the advance over those of twenty-five years ago;
this is perceptible near large cities than
in some of the more secluded portions but so last
is the knowledge being disseminated that the inau-
of the pure breeds Is being felt in every section
of our great country The west, always alive to
every improvement, is today spending perhaps ten
times more on the lettering of their stock than is
the east. This is caused by the universal demand
of the western farmer to have his stock of the best,
and then it pays the western breeder to raise the
best for his market is near and all around him.
AGRICULTURAL JOURNALS
The increase in the number of agricultural jour
nails and their large circulation is in great contrast
to former years. and the dairy interest receives the
most attention in their columns for the investment
in all that relates to the dairy is greater than in
the entire banking, commercial and manufacturing
interests
This interest has called forth more inventive
faculty in the last ten or twenty years than any
other interest Every branch of it has received
the most minute attention until labor has been re-
dueed and the production of butter and cheese
through scientific knowledge and useful imple-
ments has been vastly increased and made easy,
and the product even yet cannot keep up with the
demand for the best articles. Year by year, with
all the increase of production and the introduction
Of many kinds of false buffers and cheeses, the
price has steadily risen owing to two causes-lst,
to the educated taste for good article, and ID TO
the increase of wealth of the country, which leads
to luxurious living, and which, having once ac-
quired the taste for good article will have it, and
is willing to pay for it, yes even sl.O0 per pound
MODES OF RAISING CREAM
This great demand has stimulated improved
methods of setting the milk, from the shallow pan
TO the deep can through all the varieties Of pans
watts, cooling creamers, &c, has invented every
variety of churn, of butter worker and butter
printer and improved the best modes of marketing
butter and cheese. And now, the last great i'm
provement, the Centrifugal Cream Separator by
which the Dairyman is enabled TO do away with
all his setting apparatus and put butter on your
table which only two hours before did not exist,
hut was in an embryo state in the cows udder Its
Iaerits are the mpidity with which it aeeomplishes
its object, the gain of 10 per cent in the amount of
# no
the amount of labor and time saved by dispensing
with many vessels.
cREAMERIEs.
The creamery system cannot be too highly com
mended to all dairymen. 1t provides ready and
constant market for its patrons for their milk at the
market price This oftself releases the farmer from
much care, labor and thought and frees the good
housewife from the same and throws all the labor
of the dairy upon the men, and just where it be-
longs.
The advanced creamery proprietor, and it has
been proved the propretors of creameres should be
the owners of them and not number of dairymen
will seek the best methods of selling his produce
and what produce to make. Also whether he
shall feed hogs with the skim-milk or whey
whether he shall make skim-cheese, or sell the
skim milk, or make it into cottage cheese, or any
of the varieties of fresh cheese which are now as
popular as they are abroad In summer, when the
accumulation of milk is greater than in winter, it
becomes a serious matter what to do with the sur
plus butter Then is the time would suggest
the making of less butter and more of the fancy
goods Devonshire clotted cream we are sure
would be a most profitable as well as delightful
dish and would find steady customers when once
introduced 1t is delicious of ITSELF but an unequal
and wholesome addition to fresh fruits and would
be in demand the whole summer until the last
do in
Devonshire, England, and nave frequently eaten it
with great gusto It is easily made and is sold in
all the London shops regularly. Then the fresh
cheeses which are such delightful additions to the
table in Paris for breakfast lunch or supper, such
as the De Bire, the Camembert, the Neuchatel and
Others There are plenty of persons in this or any
other town or city that would be regular custom
ers, that would use up all the surplus cream, milk
or cottage cheese when made into these delightful
cool French shapes.
EXPERIMENT STATIONS.
There are many problems relating to milk and the
dairy that require much thought, study and care
full continuous experiment These neither dairy
men or creamerymen have time to develop and
determine Such require the facilities, instruments
and scientific knowledge which only an experiment
station can furnish.
SMALL HORNS
Shakespeare, who is generally so wonderfully
and acutey accurate, seems to have missed 1t when
he said in 'Much Ado About Nothing" quoting a
proverb "God sends curst COW short horns"
The aim today is to produce the COW with short
horn, curving inwards and downwards, waxy and
golden. The eve even of the farmer is getting so
aesthetic that he tries to combine beauty with use
FITNESS and so great are the benefits derived from
the introduction of the pure breeds that this may
he accomplished. The thick. coarse head is giving
way to the smaller and more shapely one with Its
neat ineurved horns the clean throat and the
small dewlap the illshapen body to the compact
but large barrelfame; the thick heavy bone TO the
lighter; the coarse stumpy tail to the thin, long
switch; the harsh, hairy hide to mellow skin ana
silky hair. These points, in addition to more intel
iigent care have increased the product and refined
the ungainly brute from the unattractiye to the
loveable creature No prettier sight can be seen
than a herd of pure-bred cattle coming tripping
over the green at the call of loving master to
greet them and to put up their beautiful heads for
the welcome patting And no animals will more
quickly show ealusy for the loving pat of the good
master than herd Of these pretty creatures. The
quiet confidence with which deer-like Jersey
calf will insert its into your hand is rivaled
only by that of the dog Such traits call forth the
warmest affection from a careful and obseryant
master.
BREEDING GRADES
Grading stoeR until within the past few years,
and even in many parts of our country at present.
has been and is carried on without any system.
The farmer earelessly and with an eye, as he thinks
TO economy pursues mis- homemade breeding, if it
is worthy of that title in very slip-shod manner
With the majority the idea is simply to have his
cows get with calf that he may keep them milking
ana so ne buys the cheapest bull he can find; he
then either "deacons'' the calves or raises them
few weeks and sells them to the butcher or calf
dealer This is the erudest form of breeding; he
raises no cows he does not elevate the bone of his
herd he relies upon the village inn sales for re-
plenishing his stock, and thus shirks mueh care,
takes but little care of his stock and usually has
mortgage on his farm. Blessed is such man that he
does not perpetrate such stock, but that 1t all
quickly finds its way to the shambles and the tooth
some bologna.
The next grade of farmer when he occasionally
secures an extra mixer concludes he will raise her
heifer calf and he does but he was unwilling to
invest an additional ten dollars in better bull, is
surprised to find after his calf has come to maturity
that it is not nearly as good the mother; after
trying this style of breeding several times he gives
it up in disgust and pursues the old plan of buying
all at the sales
We will take higher grade farmer, for there
are grades in farmers as well in their stock,
ard we will find him buying and paying extra
price, at the sales, for stock that has touch OF