davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
oueerest Town in England.

The most curious town in England is
Northwich. There Is not a straight
street, nor. In fact, straight house, In
the place; every part of 1t has the APP
pearance Of having recently suffered
from the visitation Of an earthquake.
Northwich, as every one knows, Is
the center of the salt industry. On
nearly all sides of the town are big salt
works, with their engines pumping
hundreds Of thousands of gallons of
brine every week.
At a depth of some two hundred or
three hundred feet are immense sub
terranean lakes of brine, and rs the
contents of these are pumped and
pumped away, the upper crust of earth
is correspondingly weakened, and the
result Is an occasional subsistence.
Those subsidences have pulling"
effect on the nearest buildings, which
are drawn all ways, giving the town an
upside-down appearance.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

civilization than the increased liking
among our wealthier young people for
country living and the broader and
more wholesome interests attendant
on such an existence. Twenty-Five
years ago even fashionable people
rarely, il ever. quilted the groove in
which they all moved. They were con-
tent with the town life in brown
stone front in winter, the smaller and
less cared-for cottage in Newport, or
some other watering place in summer,
or the then peculiarly American fash
ion of herding together in the great
hotels at various famous resorts of the
day. The rich young men of that gen.
Grafton found their pleasures in dane
ing and flirting, fast driving, European
travels and more or less rapid living.
The comparatively recent development
Of what seems TO be an American lei
sure class has had undoubtedly n great
deal to do with the changes in the ways
Of living and thinking among the fash
ionable younger set, but one must not
underrnte also the influence OF out
door sports which imported originally
from England, Inns fn the last decade
taken root In the healthy Anglo-Saxon
procllvities OF our race. and produced
rapid and vigorous growth, the eff
fccts OF which nre apparent in the ply
steal development Of the younger gem
eration.-Good Housekeeping.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
Girl Who shams ReIioion.

Ruth Ashmorc, writing of the "Shams
of the Modern Girl" in the Ladies'
Home Journal, and of ''the sham that
Is worse than all othcrs-the religious
sham," says: "She Is the one who is
most conspicuous in speech and some
times in work; but in her heart her re-
ligion Is simply means to a very
earthly end. She Is prominent in the
Sunday school, because she thinks she
can in that way become acquainted
with some people she would like to
know. She is ever ready to get up and
express her creed ut the prayer-meet-
ing, because she thinks that her ability
will be recognized. She rustles into
her pew. kneels for long time, and
then settles herself comfortably-to
look at the congregation. She consid-
ers 1t respectable to go to church. Be
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
UNCLE SANS FISH COMMISSION
Important Branch Of the Government
of Which the Public Knows Little.

Important Branch Of the Government
of Which the Public Knows Little.
The work of the United States Fish
Commission is perhaps as little under
stood by the people Of the country gen.
orally as any branch Of the govern
ment. While 1t Is not division of any
one of the nine great departments, 1t is
created by the President of the United
States, its officers are appointed by
him, and the work 1t Is accomplishing
is of great Importance to several indus
tries Of the country.
In order to supply the demand for
food, fish culture must be resorted to In
every thickly- country, for
with the utmost protection the demand
IS always greater than the supply I'M
less nature Is aided In its production of
Ash. Benjamin Franklin and other
prominent Americans were strong ad-
voeates OF fish culture and .practiced
the transplanting Of fish in the closing
years Of the last century, but 1t was
not until the early SOS that much at
tention was given to the matter in the
United States. At about this time the
scientific men Of the country began to
Investigate the American streams, and
they were not long in discovering that
they were being rapidly cleared out.
They expressed grave fears that the
coast waters might also become deci-
mated Of their finny inhabitants. Steps
were very soon taken by the different
States to prevent such catastrophe;
in 1865 Massachusetts, appointed the
first fish commission; in 1868 New York
appropriated $1,000 for the same pur-
pose. Gradually the other States have
followed suit until now almost every
one has its fish commission, and since
its first appropriation New York has
tpent over $500 for this object. In
1870 Prof. Baird, then of the Smith
sonian Institution, fitted up station
at Woods HOll, on the southern coast
OF Massachusetts, at his own expense,
and maintained it for two years, max
ing many valuable demonstrations of
what could be done with hatchery.
The matter of a national fish commits
sion was brought to the attention of
Congress and the President many times
before anything was done about II, but
In February, 1871, Congress passed
joint resolution which authorized the
appointment of commission of fisk
and fisheries. Prof. Baird was APP
pointed and entered at once upon his
duties, and his efficient service won for
himself the title Of the first fish cultur-
list in the world" and placed the Amer
lean fisheries in the front Of all others.
At the present time there are stations
located all over the country.
The headquarters Of the commission
is at Washington; 1t occupies the old
ante-bellum arsenal In that part Of the
mall which is designated as Armony
square and is a plain tall brick build
ing without suggestion of exterior or
namentation. The basement floor Is
filled with aquaria in which is running
water and growing plants and inhab-
tied with all kinds of fishes: the west
part of this floor Is finished like deep
grotto and the hanging vines and
MOSES over the glass cases, in which
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
NzEHtEHyIEgz|

for his patient to perform any kind OF
labor. This .ssfnane was receiving aid
from the township trustees and the
reason for attempting to drive him to
work was that he might not be bur-
den upon the taxpayers Of the town.
ship. After the whipping he refused to
accept further aid on account OF fear
of another beating and his immediate
neighbors contributed to his SUPPORT till
he was able to return to work. He is
reported to be quiet, inoffensive citi-
zen and was never accused Of crime.
A case in Monroe County that excited
great Indignation among the order-lov-
ing citizens was that OF the whipping
Of widow on account Of alleged I'm
proper conduct. Her husband had died
a year before, and she was trying to
cultivate piece Of poor land and make
living for herself and two small chill
dren. She was the associate Of her
nearest neighbors, regularly attended
the country church, and no one had
ever breathed q word against her char
acter. To the surprise of all her friends
she was taken from her home at night
and threatened with whipping IL she
did not leave the neighborhood.. Only
her piteous pleading saved her from the
pain and indignity which the White
Caps intended to infiict. 1t, Is said In
behalf Of the White Cap organization
of the county that 1t was ,u6t the mover
in this outrage, and that none of its
members were present, Bat the citizens
who have appealed for relief point to
this fact as an additional reason for
the disbanding of the organization, for
it illustrated what iha3b done in Its
name. -,'-
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
Seasickness.

Men are less subject to seasickness
than women, according to an old sea
captain, but when attacked by 1t make
more fuss. They take Immediately to
their berths, where they grumble and
groan until they are well enough to go
OH deck again. A woman fights the I'M
pleasant malady until she can fight no
longer. Then she becomes maudlln
and pathetic. She retires to her room
and invariably asks three questions:
First, whether people die of seasick-
ness, then how many miles we are from
shore, and lastly when we shall get
there. The doctor is always talked
over. When the patient gets so III that
she loses interest In the doctor, she
usually lies on her side and cries by the
hour. A great many passengers come
aboard loaded with medicine for the
prevention Of seaslckness, but the only
sure preventive Is careful dieting.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

came themselves the victims of
moral Iaxity. They took to regulating
domestic difficulties between husbands
and wives. They punished petty
thieves and the victims of vice with the
same baFbarity they had meeted out
10 mur,ierers and the larger criminals.
keighborhOod quarrels, petty hates and
personal disIikes were made the sub
5ret of white Gaping and politics be-
gan to play its part in the outrages.
Scores OF innocent men and women
were whipped and submitted TO tor
tures uuspeakable. In still more cases
thc property OF the victims was con-
6scated by their prosecutors. The or
ysnnixation became lax and admitted
sncmbers who used it to wreak their
personal spite. Men in twos and threes
began to do White Cap work on their
own account and the parent organiza-
tion found itself charged with crimes
mud prosecutions of which it had no
knowiedge White Gaping ceased for
n time under the stern rule of the late
Governor Gray, hut it again ragged I'M
der Governor Matthews, although he
strove his best to put it down. The
evil has again come to the front, and
governor Mount has ordered thor
1kEh investigation of the terrible af-
MIR nj Osgood, that the guilty men may
xe brought TO justice. The sudden and
apparcutiy general revival of white
czppiug In Indiana is causing much
cuacern in official circles. and there Is
q pronounced sentiment In favor Of
dxastic measures on the part of the
Governor to the end that the organiza-
tSons may be broken up and their lead
90 n not the rank and file be brought
- respect the law. In certain coun-
tscs of the State regular White Cap
~xEnutxntions are in existence. The
Denbcrs, are known to many citizens
wks would gladly give evidence against
t&Ae3 but for the fear that the local au-
t1ssrfkfes would not be able to protect
then sgainst the violence which might
sepwft
Many Of the recent outragcs have
tecn characterized by exceptional bru-
Auifty. Some of the victims have suf-
fereds without any cause being known
20 those who were in a position to
jszge best of their lives. In Brown
Cusuty man and a woman, & latter
nsek nf the time, were taken out of their
cubiv Mt night, the cabin. with their lit.
f5e effects, burned and themselves
sax1t<n from the county with threats OF
hn.Eing IL they returned. In another
szeisnec in the same county n man was
usnercifully whipped because he
u~sza not work. though n physician
v1s attending him at the time and ties
snscd afterward that 1t was impossible
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
, NOW TIN SOLDIERS ARE MADE.
Those In THrkish 81 Greek Uniferm
Most Popular This Year.

Those In Turkish 81 Greek Unifovm
Most Popular This Year.
'Toy soldiers made OF tin or lead.
are Just as great favorites with chill
dren now as they were In the days Of
our grandfathers," said a wholesale
New York dealer. "The soldiers are
made almost exclusively in Nurem-
berg and Furth, Germany, whsre clever
artisans are employed by the numer-
Gus manufacturers to design and mold
them. The process OF manufacture Is
interesting. The first step Is to make
sketches of the intended figures. Great
pains are bestowed on them. The best
artists In Germany do not hesitate
when asked to supply models for these
toy soldiers, and in making their draw
ings they have to bear In mind certain
fixed rules. Their sketches must be
colored. They must avoid deep tints
and select only bright, gaudy cOlors.
which children SO much prefer. They
must also possess full knowledge OF
the military costumes of the period to
which the soldier they represents be-
longs. This year the Turkish and
Greek soldiers are the leading favor
ties.
"At Nuremberg and Furth slate
molds are used for the plain figures,
while brass mOlds are employed for
those In relief The slate for the for
mer Is bought at Sonneberg, in Thurin-
gia, and the tin, which Is purchased In
England, Is melted and poured into
them through small orifice.
THE metal soon hardens when 1t has
been poured in, and the workman then
removes the figures, cutting off any
excresences which may have been
caused by the molten metal running
over the interstices.
''The soldiers then have to be paint
ed, and this Is always done by women,
who work at home, and are given a
certain number Of figures upon piece
Of wood slit up the center, so as to
hold them in fixed position. When
one side of the figure Is dry the wom-
an turns it round and paints the other
side. Her wages are very poor. The
final process, also intrusted to women.
is that of packing the soldiers, which
are placed in boxes of 80, 90, 120 and
240 pieces, weighing One-eighth, one
quarter, one-half or one pound for the
infantry, and of IL, "a, 4S or 90 pieces,
Of the same weight, for the cavalry
Washington Star. .,
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

I.Sknnais conceded to be the home Of
- waite Cap. 1t Is In the Hoosier
uH,le that the organization and prac-
.nsre hid their birth, and, although both
1--we since spread to many States, the
psspIe Of no other community have
.hsen % afflicted with them as have the
lndiannns. How or by whom the first
white Cup organization was formed Is
~ Known. but early In the SOS 1t be-
Enn operations, and its success In rid
ing certain localities of miscreants
I'D 10 the rapid spread of the organiza-
tasn m many parts of the State. These
nen. wearing white pillow-cases over
1Aeir heads and shoulders, with holes
- through to enable them to see, be-
Dan switching better living into the
hwless element. Armed with switches
They would ride silently up to the home
q IN outlaw. and. taking him I'M
awaresI would switch him nearly to
Death In several cases death did re-
Sult from the beatings which were ad-
nnknistered usually to the outlaw and
Aib whole family irrespective of sex.
The White Caps were regularly organ
1scd and governed with great sternness
md secrecy. No one was admitted I'M
akss his character for honesty was
above reproach. A sitting was held
where II was thought desirable that the
organization take up some special case.
when 1t had decided that punishment
WIS necessary 1t was melted out with
Terrible sternness. In the earlier days
tAe visitation seldom miscarried. The
victim had no warning, until some
night n score of men broke into his
cabin and whipped him almost to death
NJ his own gate post. He was then
given twenty-four hours to leave the
cogntry. The death which in many in
stnnccs followed refusals to obey this
nsandate had salutary effect. In some
Instances where resistance was made
the White Caps shot the victim fuH of
bsaIsets. Cabins were usually burned
sftcr the whipping had taken place.
I1sks went on for years. The authori-
fscs made some feeble attempts to
presecutc the White Caps, but 1t was
Impossible to get the slightest evidence
against them.
When 1t was found that they were as
Immune from the law as the outlaws
kn6 Been they turned their attention to
tiso0c guilty Of minor offenses and be-
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

Her father was Capt. Euclid William
son, steamboat man in the days of
Mississippi. Her father died when she
was very young, but her mother looked
after the child and was careful that she
was given a liberal and good educa-
ton. The child evinced Argentine tai
ent for music and she Us. to-day in no
mean way capable MUSICIAN. As
poet Mrs. Henry has made good sue
cess. Her verses have the true ring
and have been. widely copied in the
newspapers of the country. Prisoners
of Fate is especially well known. Her
husband. CaptNWilliam Henry, was an
officer in the Confederate army and
served with distinction on the side Of
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

boy through the medium of the tele-
phone at Houston, Texas. 1t Is need
less to surmise, adds the Engineer, that
the subject was n pronounced catalep-
tic; but the fact brought to light would
seem to indicate more strongly than
ever the necessity for stringent law
against the promiscuous practice Of
hypnOtizing. The Engineer does not
imagine that many persons could be in
fiuenced hypnotically over the tele-
phone, yet 1t believes 1t will be just as
well to guard against such practices by
prompt and effective legislation.-San
Francisco Chronicle.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

His Msry A. cvssnLsss - yAlsdei-
-. = nOA Ys.s< a y,
The oldest o. nnha = Ansrici lives
in Philadelphia NJ \ hale aad hearty
at lO4 years. She = Miss Mary Ann
Crothers. and h spending her last years
with her relatives tir~ ~
"Aunty" Crothers was born In Ire
land In 17D8. while the French revolu-
ton was ut its stOrmbest, and before
Napoleon was heard e. The entire
Crothers family have Been long lived.
Her father died Mt % and her mother
Mt IS. Her brother, . member Of the
legislature. has reached = ripe old age.
Miss sCrothers came to America
when she was % She lived two years
in Omaha and thek czmc 20 Philadel-
phia, where shc has resided ever since.
Miss Crothe1. ME many ether Gen.
tenarians, h n living rcfutation Of the
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

the South. Six years ago Mrs. Henry
lost her only son. This event cast a
gloom upon her life which she has tried
to tighten by her work for womankind.
She does not dream even of being elect
ed President, but her ideas Of what
should be are just as vigorous as IL she
had some hope at some time In the
future of being the nations chief mag
istrate.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
RAILROAD BED ON SPRINGS.

Will Lessen the Wear and Tear on
Tracks and Rolling Stock.
A railroad bed on springs has been
recently patented with the idea of les
sening the wear and tear on the tracks
andsrolling stock. The tie consists of a
body and top section and in the top
of the body Of the tie, near each end.
are grouped four holes or recesses, into
which enter corresponding Jugs or posts
on the under face of the top section, a
spring being coiled around each lug or
post, and bearing upon the upper face
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

a a
which
ntirc Northwest
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

of the body of the tie and the under
face of the top section. The springs are
normally strong enough to prevent the
top section being pressed downward by
the weight of moving train into con-
tact with the bottom section, the track
being thus practically spring-cushioned
throughout its length The rails are
firmly held in place on these movable
sections of the ties by the usual chairs
or clamps.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
A Pertinent Question.

IF had my life to live over" said
the man who adopts solemn tone.
"there are lots of mistakes that 1
wouldn't have made"
That's just like man." his wife
rejolned. Always discontinued. Sup
pose you didn't make the same mis-
takes; have you any reason for. sup
posing those you made In place Of 'em
would be bit more satisfactory Y'-
Washington Star.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

Among the supcrsthions OF the Sen
eca Indians was one most beautiful
one: When n young maiden died they
imprisoned young bird until II first
begun to try its powers Of song; and
then, loading 1t with cnresses and mes.
sages. they looScd tn bonds over her
grave, In the belief that II would not
fold its wing nor close It's eye until 1t
had flown 10 the spirit hind and de-
livered its precious burden of affection
to the loved and lost ONE Sc Nicholas.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
A KENTUCKY WOMAN.
What She Would Do If ,Elected Pres
liant or The JI,,S 81 Statn.

What She Would Do If lElected Presi-
dent of the United states.
Mrs. Josephine x. Henry. who, If she
were elected to the Presidency of the
United States, would stand for the re-
monetization of silver, for prohibition,
for universal suffrage and agnosticism,
is n Kentucky woman who has already
been mentioned as n candidate for the
Presidential nomination in 1900. Mrs.
Henry for many years has been promi-,
nent in Kentucky as reformer and
she Is one of the leading women of that
State. She is a native of Newport, Ky.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
Paper In Annoy, China.

The annual consumption of paper
used in Annoy, China, Is said to be near
ly S10,O0O,OO0. Most of 1t is of local
manufacture. The Chinese don't like
foreign-made paper.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

Referring to n fashion or tendency
which Is certainly worthy os common
dation and encoursseneat- one Of the
metropolitan dailies suggests that per-
haps nothing Is more indicative in a
small way Of our growth rs a nation in
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
Mammoth Hydranpea.

Mrs. II. j. Chase, of Washington,
Maine, has a hydrangea paniculata
granifora which covers an cara of 1876
square feet and has over 200 large
panicles OF flowers upon 1t.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
It,s Plausible.

May wonder why Cupid is always
represented as a baby?
Jack-Probably he catches cold and
meets with an early death, owing to
an insufficient amount of wearing APP
parel.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

theory that coffee kills. She has drunk
the alkaline beverage ever since she
was little girl. She h able to- 60 Wp-
stairs unassisted, looks over the news
papers occasionally and takes = great
interest in church affairs. g.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04
Hypnotlzlng by Tclephone.

The wonders OF the telephone never
cease. The latest brought to the atten-
ton Of the New York Electrical En-
gineer II the kyp5otizing OF young
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

yond that she gives no thought. She
forgets that, unless religion is of the
heart, 1t Is of no value. She has never
understood that it Is not the loud
prayer, nor the wordy prayer which
makes an impression on God, but that
1t is the sincere cry from the soul ap-
pealing to Him to which He listens.
The religious sham can usually give
you description of all the costumes
worn by her set In church. She can
tell you of the amount of money put In
by each member as the plate Is passed
along. She goes to church to observe
the outward, visible sign. and never, in
any way, troubles herself about the in
ward, spiritual grace"
Hit, but Not Killed by Cannon Ball.
A unique distinction belongs to Sir
Robert R:xylinson, X. G. B.-that of be-
ing the only soldier who has been
knocked out of the saddle by cannon
ball without being killed. The identi-
cal forty -two-pound shot is preserved
by Lady Rawlinson as an interesting
relic. At the Crimea Sir Robert was
riding with a group Of artillery officers.
when he announced his intention Of
turning back. At this moment n shot
from the Russian lines came wbizzing
along In front of him, cutting the reins
and pommel Of the saddle, and wedg-
ing n steel purse with terrific force
against the riders hip-bone.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

Women may supersede men in many
pursuits, but the field In which a brin-
die COW grazes Is barred to the female
4 red.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

Some men. find courage only when
they lose their tempers.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-11-04

The dude IL very often the living pic
turc of IN unpaid tailor bsll