davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
Tho Discovery Of Porcelain.

Notwithstanding the fact that \
great many people have spent their en-
tire lives in pursuing the elusive phan-
tom of the philosophers stone and the
secret of perpetual motion, which
might have been employed to much
better purpose, yet these pursuits have
occasionally proved of great benefit to
mankind.
The art of making porcelain was ia
miliar to the Chinese and Japanese for
ages, but 1t was not made in Europe
until the early part of the eighteenth
century, when John Bottger, German
from Schlaiz, in Voightland, invented
the art. Bottger was apprenticed to
a Berlin apothecary, where he fell in
with an alchemist, who, in consequence
If some services which Bottger had
art of making gold. The young ap-
prentice, thinking his fortune was as
good as made, promptly ran away from
his master into Saxony, in the year
100. He was pursued, but found pro-
lection in that country, where the peo-
rle who befriended him urged him to
give a specimen OK his newly found
skill.
The poor fellow had, however, been
grossly imposed upon, and the secret
from which he had hoped so much
proved valueless. He still believed in
he possibility of making gold, and
worked at the matter necessarily. 1t
So happened that having mixed num-
her of different kinds of earth together
for the purpose of making durable
crucibles, IT, the course Of baking them
he accidentally stumbled upon the art
of making porcelain, and suddenly
found himself transformed from poor
alchemist into a prosperous potter.
THIS first porcelain was manufactured
in Dresden in 1T06, and was brownish-
red in color, having been made chiefly
of a brown clay.-Harper's Round
Table.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
ORIGIN OF TABLE UTENSILS.
Even During the Middle Ages People Ate
With Their Fingers.

The use Of the fork dates back only
to the seventeenth century. The old
Greeks, although their civilization was
much advanced, ate with their fingers,
as gracefully as possible. Plutarcn
mentions the rules to be followed
when eating with the fingers, and this
Is one Of the most interesting passages
in his description of antique customs.
In the middle ages people still ate
with their fingers. 1t is true enough
that additions took place before and
after meal, but, still, that custom
was anything but clean. Each of the
guests at dinner was first offered a
basin and pitcher of water, and it
was bad form to help ones self to any
of the viands before having carefully
washed hands and face.
Goldsmiths finally invented forks,
but at first they were objects of luxury,
and were used only at times when they
might Just as well have been done
without. The first mention of forks is
made in a document dated 1900. which
says that Pierre Gaveston, the favori.e
of Edward H., possessed three EUR
chestes" (forks) for eating pears,
cheese and sandwiches. 1t was more
than 300 yeahs later before forks were
used for fish and meat.
About the second decade of the
seventeenth century picture of tho
Royal Prince of France shows that
he carried case containing a knife.
snOon end what loOke vary much lilo
a fork.
Glasses and drinking cups were first
made of wood or tin. In the fifteenth
century Venice manufactured the won
derful glassware which replaced on
the table of the "Seigneurs' the heavy
oaken or metal cups formerly used.
Egg cups were not known previous TO
the fifteenth century, and even in the
sixteenth century they were rather
scarce and had no distinct name. They
were described as IAN article in which
to place and hold an egg," or "a silver
thing to place an egg in"
Salt cellars also date from the nj.
teenth century. Goldsmiths excelled
In making artistic salt cellars, and the
one modelled for King Francis l. Of
France by Benvenuto Cellini was a
wonderful work of art. People in gen.
eral did not know the use of salt Gel
lars, and even among wealthy families
1t was the custom to break a piece of
bread and to place the salt for each
individual upon the bread.-Philadel-
phia Record
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
Fine Hair, Second Growth, a, 81.

William Long, of Punxsutswney,
eighty-one years Of age, has luxuri-
AIT growth of fine hair, like the hair
Of three-year-old child. Two years
ago he was as bald as brass door
knob. He began washing it regularly
and rubbing his scalp with rough
towel. A growth of fuzzy hair began
to appear. Now II Is four or five inches
long and exactly resembles the hair of
a child-fine, brown and glossy, with
not suggestion Of gray.-PunxSu-
txwney Spirit
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
Canned BIackberries.

After selecting and washing your ber-
ries put them on cool part Of the
range until sthe juice begins to come
freely, then bring the kettle forward,
bring to the boiling point; cook only
long enough to heat the fruit thorough
ly, then bottle and seal Immediately.
These will be found delicious, having
retained their full flavor, sugar being
added at the table, or half an hour be-
fore serving, II preferred.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
Apple Custard.

Pare and core two sour apples. Slice
and cook them in one quarter Of cup
of water until they soften. Place in
a small pudding dish and sugar them.
Take two eggs, beat them thoroughly
with two tablespoonfuls of sugar, and
add to them one pint of milk. Crate in
a little nutmeg and pour over. the APP
pies. Bake about 20 minutes. To be
served cold with sponge cake.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
IrsefuI Ideas.

A teaspoonful of salt mixed with
paraffin oil will cause lamp to burn
brightly.
To remove white spots on vanished
furniture, dip a soft flannel in spirits
of wine and rub the spots well. After
ward repolish the furniture with a
furniture cream.
Medicine stains may be removed
from silver spoons by rubbing them
with a rag dipped in sulphuric acid
and afterward washing them with soap
and boiling water.
If your window glass is lacking In
brilliancy clean it with liquid made
Of methylated spirits of wine and
whitening, which removes specks and
gives the glass high luster.
To clean a black felt hat, first brush
the hat free of dust, then add table
spoonful of strong ammonia to five ta-
blespoonfuls Of cold tea and with this
clean the surface by rubbing II thor
oughly with flannel.
To remedy creaking hinge, IL your
oil-can is not handy, take soft lead
pencil, moisten the point and rub II
into all the cracks and crevices that
can be reached, and In most cases this
will prevent any noise.
The white ivory keys of a piano
should never be cleaned with water,
which discolors them. Instead, they
should be rubbed over with soft
flannel or piece of silk dipped in oxy-
genized water, which can he obtained
at any druggists. and when the notes
are stained or greasy use methylated
spirits. gin, diluted whisky or even
alcohol.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
Lettuce Sandwich.

Boil eggs very hard and chop them
fine and season with salt and pepper.
Get nice tender lettuce and pick 1t to
finest shreds with the fingers. Mix
egg and lettuce together, spread dainti-
ly on thin slices of butered bread, and
drop over it some nice salad dressing;
then cover with another thin slice Of
buttered bread. Always make sand
witches very thin.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
Roasting Coffee.

In Norway, where superb coffee is
made, bit of butter is added to the
beans while they are roasting in the
covered shovel used there for that pur-
pose. In France, rs well, a piece Of
butter the size of n walnut is put with
three pounds of the coffee beans, and
also a dessert spoonful of powdered
sugar. This brings out the flavor, and,
moreover, gives the slight caramel
taste which is so greatly admired.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
Tomato Salad.

Select tomatoes of uniform size, put
them In pan and pour boi;ing water
over them to remove the skin. After
this has been done place them in a
cool place to become firm. Select the
small, curled leaves Of the lettuce, FORM
ing separate bed for each tomato.
Slice each tomato, replacing the slices,
so that each tomato retains its form.
Put one tomato in each little lettuce
bed, and on its top place some mayon-
naise dressing. This may be served on
individual salad plates.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
Straw Hats For Horses.

The Ladies Pictorial asserts that
straw hats for horses will be generally
adopted next year, and that the royal
family, the Episcopal Bench and the
House Of Lords have placed orders for
this equine headgear.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
Corn Pudding.

One pint Of scraped corn, four eggs,
well beaten, two cups Of cream or rich
milk, tablespoonful Of butter, pepper
and salt to taste. Bake in a pudding
dish
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21

Schoolboys should beware of licking
pens or blots with their tongues. Ac-
cording to Mr.. Marpmann, of LeipsIc.
there are microbes In ink, and II may
be dangerous to prick the skin with q
rer-
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21
Pineapple Preserves.

Pare the pineapples; with a sharp
pointed knife remove the eyes, and
with silver fork tear the fruit OF the
the core away. Weigh the fruit, al
lowing three-quarters of pound Of
sugar to each pound of fruit. Place in
a granite preserving kettle or stone
crock, In alternate layers Of fruit and
sugar, and let stand in cool place
several hours, or over night. Cook
slowly until the fruit is transparent,
then skim 1t out and spread on plat
ter. Continue to boil the syrup nntil
thick as desired; add the fruit for a
final heating and it is ready to can.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21

To furnish the variety OF the diet.
To relieve thirst and introduce water
Into the system.
To furnish nutriment.
To supply organic salts essential to
proper nutriment. i
To stimulate the kidneys, increase
the flow Of urine, and lower it's acidity.
To act as laxatives.
TO STIMULATE and improve appetite
and digestion.
To act as antiscorbutics.
Concerning the mode Of preparation,
ripe fruits as a rule do not need to be
cooked, and are much more palatable
and equally nutritious in the uncooked
state. The proper time to eat fruit Is
either at the beginning Of the meal or
between meals, when they aid diges-
ton and exert the greater laxative eff
feet. Taken at the completion OF a
meal, they dilute the gastric JUICE and
tend to embarrass observation-disclosures
Gazette.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21

Italian boundary line?
Mrs. F. A. Steel, the author of ION
the Face of the Waters" says: Our
standard of civilization is personal
comfort-luxury, a thing absolutely
unknown in native India. There Is
scarcely any difference in the mode of
living between the rich and the poor.
If you go into the house of rajah,
there is the same bare floor and only
a simple platter to eat from, such as
is seen In the home of the poorest. To
put 1t crudely, there will probably not
be even the luxury of wash-5asin
and towel; for the rich man, like his
poor brother, washes in the open oral
dries himself in the sun. Such is the
extreme simplicity of life that wealth
is still buried in India; man may
spend It on jewels for his wife, but .iol
or pleasure or personal comfort. This
simple life, which fosters no distinc-
lions of class, has been presei we'd for
three thousand years by Indian civiliz-
alton, but ours will destroy 1t IN fifty
years."
Since It is no longer disputed that
other countries will require from the
United States vast quantity of grain
of some kind during the current crop
year, the estimate of Mr.. Snow, of the
Department of Agriculture, as to corn
has rather more than ordinary inter-
est. He endeavors to reach some idea
Of the domestic consumption by COM
pairing the crops reported by the Gov
eminent each year since 1891 with the
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21


turned to her vigil on the roof. We
turned back to our loophole-I think
neither of us could have looked the
other in thS face just then for our
life's ransom.
Suddenly a shout from the men at
the opposite loophole, followed by the
crack of their rifles, took us over to
them. The gun on their side had been
run out, as the Major predicted. Two
Of the gunners had already fallen.
Two more rolled over lifeless as the
gun was brought into position. The
man who was pointing 1t fel: by Major
Gardeners hand.
"'Quick! Ives he cried; the man
with the match
II obeyed, but only succeeded in
winging him. His right arm dropped
a. his side, but, with defiant yell, he
snatched at the match with his left
and fired. There was a deafening re-
pert and crash of wood, followed by
such howl of triumph as might have
come from the threats of legion of
fiends.
To the stairs!' shouted the Major,
heading the rapid descent.
I'VE formed on the bottom steps,
two abreast-just in time. On they
came with rush, leaping and yelling;
down they went before our fire. Twice
we repulsed them, but each time the
sea of dark, demoniac faces surged in
again. On they came, leaping over
the bodies OF their fallen comrades, on
TO the very stairs where we stood
THE fight was sharp and a terrible
one. We fought as men are likely to
fight in such case, but we were out
numbered completely. Three of us fell.
All of us were badly wounded. Every
step Of that winding stair was slippery
with our blood. Inch by inch, we
fought our way back to the landing
those that were left of us, four white
Sen and two Sikhs.
ION the threshold we paused mo-
ment, and in obedience to the Majors
command emptied our last volley at
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1897-10-21

for speech between those two. In the
presence of the death angel things
clear marvelously. All their former
differences dropped out of sight, for
given and forgotten. Only their love
remained, and IL ever a man and wo-
man understood each other, they did.
They could read each others hearts
without word spoken on either side.
"She made it up to Jack then. She
mover hindered him or unsteadied his
nerves with tears and lamentations;
she was the truest, bravest helpmeel
man ever had. Once, near the end,
when she thought herself unobserved,
1 saw her lay her head down on his
shoulder and cry quietly. And / saw
the great tears rolling down his face
as he bent over her-but / don't be-
lieve it was case of white feather
with either of them.
"Well, to cut II short, when the last
day came, there were less than dozen
Of us left-seven Englishmen, three of
the faithful Sikhs, and Mrs. Reeves.
Our position was practically hopeless.
The Sepoys had taken the fort build
ings after lot of stubborn fighting
and heavy loss on our side. Only the
isolated tower remained In our pos
session, and to say that we were in
trenched' in that picturesque, but high
ly incommodious, building would be a
fine bit of poetic license. We we're
boxed in like rats In a trap. The
end was, as the doctors say, merely a
question of time unless help came,
and of that we had begun to despair.
H. lad become plain to W. that our
situation was, in all probability, the
rule, and not the exception, and tha;
the country must be in a state Of re-
volt. We went about with grim faces
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-03-21
FARMERS INSTITUTE.
Three Days session Being Held NJ
Laurel, Eastern Montana.

Special Dispatch to the Standard
Billings March ai.-Thc first days s's-
sion of the Farmers institute WAS held
to-day NJ Laurel. Laurel hall. the largest
building In the place. was well Allied with
farmers from the valley Professors Em-
cry, Traphagcn, Beach, Dr. Wilcox and
Mrs, Emery OF Rozcman were in attend
auce and conducted the exercises. J. Y,
stanford was chosen chairman and T.. l..
Fcnton secretary Professor Emery made
an able discussion on Creameries. their
advantages aud benefits TO farmers DR..
WILCOX Rad an interesting paper ON fungi
growth. treating especially ON smut IN
grain and potato scab and methods OF pre-
Vpntion.
Professor Tmphagcn discussed alkali.
It's causes and remedies. Professor Beach
supplemented Professor kmvry's dis-
course by AN able discussion Of the dairy
COW, giving induces TO the most profitable
animals. different milk breeds and care OF
dairy COWS. Mrs. Emery, In her usual
pleasing manner. discussed farm and
home NE. Great interest WAS manifested
by the farmers present aud much good
will undoubtedly result. Sessions will lie
hcld here Monday and Tuc sday,
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-03-21
IT'S THE OLD STORY
The Legislature Appropriated More
Than The State Will Receive.
ABOUT 100000 TOO MUCH
In Consequence Several InstItu-
tions VIII suffer for Funds, the
School OF Mines Included
-Reductions Made.

Special Dispatch to the standard
Helena. March 20 0-Disappointment
awaits many individuals and the
friends ~ the Institutions who. up "a
the present time. congratulated thrm-
selves upon the appropriations that
had been made by the last legislature
In their behalf The same old story "
the past is to bc repeated. II has de-
Vel0pcd that the late legislature, for all
It's show ~ economy, made apprupria-
tons aggTegating more than 5000 OUn
more than viii be received by the state
during the present year. For 1897 alone
the legislature arranged for eNpendi-
ture by the state ~ more than 5000 600.
while the states revenues, II is estlma-
ted by the board ~ examiners. will ne
less than $500 600 this year. The result
Is that the examiners win he compelled
To cut off every appropriation that Is
not absolutely necessary. The Constl-
tuition requires the state to give prvce-
dence To the general appropriation, as
that covers items necessary To the
executive, legislative and judicial do
pnTtmsnts of the state government
The appropriations for all the state iu-
situations viii suffer, for II is not pos
siblc for the state tu pay money that IL
has not got or has no prospect ~ get
ting.
AZ a meeting of the state hoard NJ
examiners to-day SIS. 900 was lnpprd or
the expenses fnr the next two yeurH
Among the reductions for 1897 were the
following. state school of mines. re-
duccd from s. o00 tn ST. n0n National
Guard appropriations. reduced from
SS.j0n to 81 SEQ medical board apprnpria-
tlon cut IN entirely. university appru-
priatinu cut down tn 81 200 agricultural
college. state normal school aud state
soldiers home appropriations cut down
s. 0O0. Tho board decided tu discontinue
the payment uf all deficiency claims
allowed ny the last legislature fUr
which appropriations were passed.
There VIII he many other reductions,
but II will take the board some time tO
determine where they can best be
/ made
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-03-21
Wool Schedule Ink.

Washington March N-Thc republican
members OF III" ways and means commit
tee are making no effort 10 forward tho
plan which has been talked OF among
tf"m to push through congress special
hill to max" the wool schedul" Of the new
iarifr act operative AZ once. They are dis
suAdcd from this by the apparent hope
l'ssnrss Of bcing able to secure early ac-
ton from the senate. II l. s;ill the plan
% the republican, leaders TO enact that
all goods in bond on the date when the
new Hrin become operative shall pay the
rates of that tarff inst"ad ~ the rates
n effect whoa the goods were entered
This probably viii he brought about by
an amendment added TO tho bill at the
last practicable momrnt. as the rrpuhl-
Cans do not desire 20 induce the with
drawaI Of bonded goods before the higher
rates go into eject.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-03-21
LIVINGSTON DEMOCRATS.
Their Primaries Held and Delegates se-
teet.d- candidates Tor Mayor.

Special Dispatch TO the STANDARD.
Livingston March a.-The democrats
had their primaries tonight TO nominate
candidates for the council ana select rep
resentatltes 10 the conventiou which
will meet Monday n'Nt. In the Ftrat
ward AlNa MnNnr WIS chosen FOR the long
toun. Frank Rclry for the short term In
the Sorond ward T. j. Nolan for the long
i,rm. o. ". over Tor the short term. Ia
the lhird ward, Martin Wilson
The Third word instructed for O. W
Wakefield for mayor. Othcr candidates
foI IN mayortlty were J 7 Smith. ". a..
Campbell and ". Mailuhnn. In the First
ward tho delegate. are Messrs. Beley.
0uiboW llausrn. lee. Taughcr. Lcnihan,
Kane. Stanley. Bartlett, Day, DoNncr and
Bhkclry slt,rnatos. Lamb Mayne tis-
t.nhntt Pfcinrr Mohr. Rilcy Dupuis
Mcdonald. k'cnry cameron and
SprHruc.
Sccund Wnfd-Dclrgat"s Mcssrs, Leslie
swindi"hurst Roth. Mclaughlin. Horn
beck Dyer Sweeney, Grace and Bouton .
ait.rnntos Leopold, Campbell, Savage.
Nolan. Grcr, Iildies, Campbell, Ash and
Nolan
Third Delegates. Messrs. Living
SION Coleman MslLihan. Routon. Sybert,
Talbot BENDER and winslow; aiternates.
Daley. Graham. Allen, Donuelly, Llel.
Wilson. rcnnicott ana Robinson.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-03-21
To R..e,pd Cleveland. Order.

Washington. March "a formal sppli.
caiion for the rc-cinding Of part OF Prcsl-
dent Clcveland's forestry order Of Feb. p
has been flied IN m" interior department
by senator Wilson Of Washington. sup
ported by Representative Jones Of the
~ m" state. Il gives the reasons why the
sign'rs believe the reservations made in
Washington ~. predtUdiclal to public in
tcr"sts, but asks for immediate rcstora-
iion Of only Washington forest reserves.
N" largest in the state embracing 3.5si2p
acres. All Others IN Washington. however
m also pointed out n Objectionable
Tn" application contends that many
millions OF arr,-~ Of the best lands are
il.us reserved from settlement and th.
isIms OF the Proclamation controlling
th, mines are such that they will have TO
b, abandoned The reservation i termed
unnecessary as the rainfall y ~ inchrs
year over sonc 81 the tracts reserved.
10 the largest reserve The waters flowing
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-03-21
Ilghting for nm lsiafs.

New York, March N-Surrogatc Ar
mold to-day denied the application OF Mr.
iietti. Campbell OF Torresdale Pa. FOE
permission TO examine certain effects OF
her brother. the late Colonel John A.
cockorlli which reached this city from
Cairo. Egypt a few DAYS ago. Mrs. Camp
bcll alleged in her PETITION that an cxaml-
nation of IN" effects OF her deceased
brother would disclose the existence OF a
Will executed subsequently 10 the instru-
m"nt under which the widow OF colonel
coekerlll nov Mr.. walter I.oiuan. Is
nadr his sole hclrcss. ard In addition that
Cock"rill had assigned TO the petitioner
biz sister. policy Of Insurance for si0oo
The petitioner also alleged that Colonel
Co' kcril had. prior to his death. insiI.
uted an action for sh-olut. divorce from
his wife. The sdrrugat"s denial of the
p'tition Is based upon the proposition OF
law that an ord"r Of discovery aud in.
si"rtlon can only be- granted Ia a pro-
C. eding which Is actually pending.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1897-03-21
REGARDING PosTMAsTERs.
Mr.. Gary win Follow the Practice sf Past
Ndmini.i rations.

Washington. March 2o-Postmaster
General Gary will continue the old policy
H. 10 distributing patronage OF the post
offices. aud he announces TO the asso-
ciated press to-day that he would not de-
yiatc from the practice Of past admins
iraiions. This ms general rule. gives 10
every senator the privilege OF recommend
Ing = postmaster for his home postoffice
and allots to each republican senator the
largest postoffccs In his district. which.
however IN the case OF a senator not Of
tn, republican faith will 20 To the repuh-
lean commitic" or other referee, In dem
ocrati" districts the selection Is left 10 "A
referee. or perhaps. TO a republican con-
gr'ssioual delegation, who Will have to
Keep themselves posted as 10 the dates OF
expiration OF terms Of postmastcrs. as the
old custom Of the department Of sending
notices To senator's and representatives
Of expiration of postmasters' commissions.
which wus stopped by Postmaster Cen
cial Biss.li, will not he resumed.