davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald., 1897-11-14

chance, the observer does perceive some
marking, it is altogether underlined.
doubtful and faint. If we are convinced
of the reality of some marking or other,
and make a sketch of the disc, it often
happens that in a few hours, or one or
two days, a week, fortnight or so we
may again observe practically the same
configuration. We take the drawings,
which seem to be in agreement more or
less and we fancy we can trace in them
the rudiments of a Chyterean chart.
Thus new map of Venus is published on
an average every ten years. In the
same way, another astronomer makes
other drawings which are in as good
agreement with each other, but which
very often do not resemble the first
series.
Similarly, il we compare. drawings
made at different times-say, the draw
ings of last century-with those made
The herald., 1897-11-14

at the present time, they bear no re-
semblance. In 1926, Bianchini, working
under the bright Italian sky made
number of drawings, and traced a map
with continents and seas; and these
contigurations the author considered
sufficiently certain and stable for NOM
enclature, notably the regions Calico,
Columbus. Vespucci and King Emanuel.
If we look for the configurations in mod
, ern Illustrations of Venus, we look in
vain, whereas the general aspects of the
moon, Mars, or Jupiter, may be readily
Unidentified even in the oldest drawings.
Thus, in the first place, there is this
essential difference between Venus and
the other planets, that nothing sure,
stable, or perpetual is discovered upon
its disc; while, on the other hand, the
conditions under which Venus can be
observed from the earth, the absorption
by it's atmosphere, and the clouds which
The herald., 1897-11-14

beheld, upon the other half Of the Venus
hemisphere-viz: the eastern half, then
visible-a dark patch, elongated and
pointed in shape, and also a brilliant
spot near the terminator, lower down or
south. A quarter Of an hour later, just
at sunrise, the bright spot had become
sensibly displaced from the south to
the north. On the morrow (21st of
ApriD, at sunrise exactly, he again saw
the spot, and again displaced from south
to north as on the day before. In rising
it reached the center Of the disc, about
thirty-six minutes after sunrise. Cas-
sini saw it again on the 9th, 10th and 18th
of May and on the 5th and 9Th of June;
but no more observations are recorded
in his lifetime; in fact, no observations
at all until the year 1926.
From these observations Cassini con-
cluded that Venus possesses either a
motion of liberation, or of rotation from
south to north.
"In 1925 and 1927 Bianchini made a
series of observations, both at Rome and
Albano, with the aid of an excellent
object glass constructed by Campani.
These observations and drawings in no
particular resemble or tally with those
ulduC ny Sdoolllls IoldiCIllill olW dyS saw
circular dark spots, cut by the termi-
nator. The observations were made in
the evening, at sunset, and the author
estimates the displacement of the spots
at Is degrees day, and concludes ro-
tation of twenty-four days and eight
hours, the equatorial line being inclined
rs degrees to the ecliptic.
"These spots are just as uncertain as
those of Cassini's. The luminosity Of
the crescent Of Venus is always much
enfeebled as it gets nearer to the termi-
nator, as it is there that the minimum
of light is received from the sun. All
that is noticeable is a somewhat vague
variation of shade, and often in Bian-
chini's observations themselves one and
the same observation is illustrated by
two drawings, between which there is
scarcely any resemblance-nay, some of
which very appreciably differ. Thus,
] for example, on January Z, 1928, there are
shown four large spots on one drawing
and only three on another. Also, all
these patches are shown to be of a cir.
cular shape. Now, although the Italiar
astronomer considered these patches a.
sufficiently certain to give them name.
christopher Columbus Sea, Vespuc
els Sea, Galileos Sea, etc) and to con.
struct map or chart. and globe too
nothing can be less certain than thei,
existence and situation.
"a third observer after Cassini ani
Bianchini. to study the planet Venus
and who did so in particularly pains.
taking manner, was Schroeder, the able
and industrious astronomer of Lilien-
thai. He commenced his observations
The herald., 1897-11-14

icable in much the same way as are chol-
era and typhoid fever, though in much
less active and dangerous degree. In
other words, leprosy cannot be COM
municated by the atmosphere, as in the
case of smallpox, scarlet fever or influ-
enza. Most persons would probably es-
cape infection even from actual physi-
cal contact unless many times repeated.
There are well authenticated cases,
however, in which the disease has been
transported by insects. One of the ter
rors of life in certain infected communi-
ties is this danger from mosquitoes. If
one of these insects bites a leper and
happens next to attack a non-infected
person, the latter may become inocu-
lated with the germs of the disease.
especially if he is rash enough to kill the
mosquito while it is in the act of sting
ing. 1t is a common precaution, where
the danger exists, for the inhabitants to
content themselves with driving away
the pests-never to kill them upon the
skin where they have punctured it.
No decisive or satisfactory informa-
tion was gained at Berlin with regard
to the origin, i. e., the source of the
spontaneous development of leprosy.
Jonathan Hutchinson's theory, which he
holds very tenaciously, that an exclusive
or predominant fish diet is the cause of
the disease, found no supporters. There
was some difference Of opinion regard
ing the necessity for the isolation of
lepers, but the majority was overwhelm-
ingly in favor Of strict sequestration.
DR.. Hansen reported that the system of
isolation in Sweden and Norway had
been strikingly successful, and had re-
duced the number Of victims from 5000
to 1000 within the past four or five years.
The herald., 1897-11-14

piled with another variety of instru-
ments, which are carefully kept in sepa
rate drawers when not being used by
classes. Each pupil in the laboratories
is provided with a separate set of dis
secting instruments, with a dissecting
microscope, and with a larger micro
scope, which can be adjusted for
study of large or very small objects, and
which has a one and a half, thirds
and one-sixth objective, and a one
inch eye piece. These are used by the
beginners for dissecting work, while the
senior students experiment with en-
bryos Of chickens. cerebrums of kittens
and other such delectabe subjects.
The microtome, an instrument which
can be so nicely adjusted that sections
one-three thousandths of an inch may be
cut from these same embryos or cere-
bruins, for arranging upon slides for fu-
ture study. Copper water baths are at
hand for use in various stages of the
making of a slide collection. These
baths maintain an even temperature for
hours.
The slides can be placed in the lantern
and projected, magnified to about six
feet, upon a screen, where the whole
class may see at a glance the results of
individual experiments.
In the chemistry laboratory, where
the electors of this work spend forty-five
minutes each day, the spontaneous at
tention and the concentration observ-
able in the classes evince an absorbing
interest in the experiments assigned.
A gallon of distilled water per hour is
furnished from the large still in this
room, and supplies the various classes
with the pure water for their work.
The instructor leads the members of
the chemistry classes to get informa-
The herald., 1897-11-14

must overspread it continually, effec-
tually prevent us from distinguishing
except on rare occasions, any OF its
surface markings. If we carefully ex-
anime the observations which have been
made for more than two centuries, to
determine the rotation of Venus, we
find them insufficient for any definite
result TO briefly recall them.
"The first interesting observations
concerning the configurations and rota-
tion of the planet Venus were made by
Domenico Cassini, at Bologna, in 1866.
On the 18th of October of that year, a,
5:45 p. NJ, he perceived bright spot near
the terminator and two elongated dark
spots near it's western limb. That was
all he noted in this year, for afterwards
he was unsuccessful in his attempts to
view the planet. 1t was not until the
goth of April following that, quarter
of an hour before sunrise, he once more
The herald., 1897-11-14

in 1873, and continued them until 1895.
His observations were published by him
in a remarkable work, illustrated by q
very large number of drawings, not one
Of which shows spots bearing the least
resemblance to those Of Cassini or OF
Bianchini.
This observers first impression
was that these spots or marks were
probably nothing but illusions. And, in
truth, that faint, dark image, remain
ing motionless for two months, can be
nothing but either an optical illusion or
an atmospheric effect. This, too, Is what
Schroeder himself says. In our tewes-
tial atmosphere we often find that GER
tain aspects, such as condensation, a
temporary clearing off of mists, and the
like, reappear at the same hours for sew
eral days in succession, being depend
ent upon the sun. However, the Lillien-
thai astronomer, having noticed lit
tie later on, in 1892 and 1893, certain I'M
evenness or jagged edges, of a rapidly
varying form, especially at the cups OF
the crescent, concluded that the time of
rotation was twenty-eight hours twep-
ty-one minutes. That was also the Pc
riod of time assigned to it by Jaques
Cassini. Schroeder was influenced by
these figures, for it is easy enough to see
that it was absolutely impossible to de-
duce the time of rotation from the mere
temperance of few more or less un-
certain white points upon the termina-
| tor of the crescent of Venus.
1.-THE last observer worthy Of notice
who has dealt with the physical aspects
of Venus is the immortal Sir William
Herschel. He, however, expresses little
satisfaction at the result achieved In
! this respect, although he had started
his observations with the conviction that
Cassini and Bianchini had seen some-
thing real. He appears to have pub
lished his paper for the sole purpose of
criticising the confidence with which
Schroeder announced that he had discov-
cred mountains upon Venus six times
higher than Chimborazo, or about twen-
ty miles high, and that he had ascer-
tanned it's rotation.
"Herschel denied emphatically the ex-
istence of any mountains on Venus. He
does describe certain faint spots which
he believed he had seen upon few oc-
; casions, and whilst crediting the idea Of
the planets rotation, he declares that
neither the sense nor the period Of the
rotation is to be deduced from them. In
his opinion these spots frequently as
sumo the aspect of optical illusions, or,
as he expresses it, optical deceptions.
"For an astronomer like Sir William
Herschel to give up the observation Of
Venus means that he must have recog-
nized the impossibility of discovering
anything from it.
CAMILLE FLAMMARION."
The herald., 1897-11-14

PARIS Nov. 1.-(Special Correspondence
70 The 9crald) Tho spirit of active re-
search Is abroad In the world. From Arctic
to Antarctic ocean men seek TO wrcst from
her jealous grasp the choicest secrets of
Dame Nature. While voyagcrs In tropical
wilderncsscs and explorers III Icy wastes
endeavor to penetrate where man never
trod. astronomers. looking for now worlds
TO conquer, are turning their inquisitive
telescopes on tho darkened heavens and
shedding rcsplendent light ON what has
heretofore been black shadow in tho realms
of knowledge. The teles cope tina. has donc
more to enlighten the scientific world than
any that has been used to bring the starry
armament nearer to earth is that through
which the experienced eye OF Camille
Fla:lmarion. the astronomer of world wioo
repute, has searched the skies night alter
night.
Bringing all his astronomical knowledge
to bear upon one particular star Elam-
marion has been rewarded by discoveries
regarding the planet Venus that have
caused general directing of telescopes
towards that mysterious star The resul;
of his investigations from the Flammac'ion
observatory at Juvisy. France. and those
OF others are shown in the accompanying
Illustrations. which are the clearcst depic
tiOns OF Venus ever given to the world.
Here Is Flanimarion's own story of the
interesting Investigations of astronomers.
His we'll known modesty has led him to
keep his own discoveries in the back
ground:
"Vcnus. this nciehbor of our own
world, which it equals in size, and nearly
equals in weight and density, is the
nearest to us of all heavenly bodies,
with the exception of the moon. In it's
circuit around the sun it frequently
Il,
our other neighbor, Mars. Its appar-
ent diameter then attains one thirtieth
of the diameter of the moon, so that a
telescope of a magnifying power not
exceeding thirty diameters will show
us Venus as being apparently of the
same size as the moon viewed with the
naked eye. An optical instrument of a
magnifying power of three hundred
diameters WILL therefore, make the
diameter of this planet appear to be ten
times larger than that of the moon,
while a glass magnifying six-hundred-
fold will make it appear to be twenty
times larger.
These are dimensions excellently
adapted for teloscopic research, and,
in the case of Mars, the results of OBJ
seruation have been truly marvellous for
diameters generally far less than these.
for Mars is both farther distant and
smaller than Venus. Yet our knowl-
edge of the planet Venus is incompar-
ably less advanced than it is in regard
to Mars In fact, we hardly know any
thing at all about the former as yet, and
are, in this respect, cropping along at a
mere snail's pace.
"[rhe reason of this fact lies in the
The herald., 1897-11-14

tion outside the textbooks, and also to
read such specific publications as The
Scientific American.
The entire science work is of such de-
gree that its records pass the students
without question, when applying for
entrance to universities. The same
scheme of procedure obtains in all the
laboratory work-the beginners are
given the rough material for the most
simple experiments to be introduced to
the more finished apparatus when they
are ready for more complex experiments.
The instructors in the several classes
devise experiments which are espec-
tally adapted for particular classes.
These lessons are manifolded by the
mimeoGraph and distributed by sets
short time before the subject involved
is taken up in class. The number of
these slips presented by the physics in
structor is about seventy per year. Stu
dents record with varying degrees of
neatness all observations and results
discovered by them in working out GER
tain laws in separate books for future
reference.
"The immediate effect noticeable in
science classes" said one of the teach
ers, 'is the formation of the habits of
keen observation, logical thought and
accurate statement
Aside from the benefits of this special
instruction the genial atmosphere which
pervades the school is certainly condu-
Give to good nature and good work.
Prof. Leslie, head of the science de-
partment, has classes in physics and
physiology. Miss Blanchard instructs
in chemistry, Miss Palmer in botany,
Prof. Palette in botany and physiology.
and Prof. Van Gorder in physics and
The herald., 1897-11-14
Big Fortunes overestimated

Sensational newspapers have done
much to mislead the public in the mat
ter of great furtunes. The great for
tunes are not nearly so great as the
sensational newspapers have represent
ed them to be. 1t is worthy of notice
that, as rule, the inventory of dead
mans estate shows 1t to be much less
than it had been represented to be dur
ing his lifetime News.
The herald., 1897-11-14

physical geography, in which last de-
partment Miss Clark, Prof. Bransby
Miss Frye and Miss Brigham assist.
The physics classes number 1856; chem
istry, 10S; botany, $50; physiology, 100,
and physical geography. 14O. H.
The herald., 1897-11-14
Advance Methods

Anything new in your cooking club?"
Eyes; we don't waste time on any
woman's recipes unless they are accom-
panied by an affidavit from her father
or husband. Chicago Record.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-08-02
Two Drownedlin Newburyport aarbor.

Newburyport, Mass, July 31.-While
four members Of the crew of the Boston
fishing schooner Sylvester Whalen were
rowing from the vessel to Plum island
early this evening, their dory capsized
and two of them, Albert Knight and John
Hoar, were drowned. The other two men
were saved by a boats crew which put
out from nearby schooner, the name of
which could not be learned here tonight.
The Whalen was anchored near Plum
island waiting for bait. Knight and Hoar
together with Alfred P. Leonard and
Michael Hogan, started ashore for the
purpose of securing supply but they had
hardly got half way there when big
wave struck the dory broadside on and
upset her. All four men were left strug-
Cling in the rough sea. Hoar and Knight
were able to keep afoat only short time
and sank. The other two managed to
keep up until help reached them. The
drowned men were both about 30 years
old and belonged in Boston. They were
unmarried. TIE bodies have not been
recovered and patrol has been estab-
lished along the beach, as it is probable
they will be washed ashore.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-08-02
RAILROADS.
GRAND TRUNK
Railway System.

oA aad after MONDAY. June 18th, 1897,
trains will I'm as follows
LEAVE.
for auburn and Lewiston 700, $40 a. m. |;
il;5o, l.3o. LOO, $40 and S.3Qp. m.
TOT Gorham, Berlin and Island Pond $40 a.
M l;5o and $50 p. m.
Eor Iornam and Berlin Sundays $50 a. m.
OF AuDurn and Lewiston Sundays 6.2O and
$50 p. m.
For Montrea; and Chicago $40 a, M; and
For Quebec $40 a. M. and:S.30 p. m.
ARRIVALS.
From Lewiston and Auburn GAO, 1925.
1o.lo and 1l50 a. M, 3.15, 5.15 and 5.45
p. m.
From Island Pond, Berlin aud Gorham GAO
and lO.l5 a. M, and $40 p. m.
FROM Chicago and Montreal $40 a. M. and
6.45 p. m.
From Quebec 5 45 D. m.
From Lewiston and Auburn Sundays S.25 a. NJ
Inc $50 p. m. train runs through to Montreal
dally, Sundays included. Attached to this
Train Ia a Pullman Tor Montreal; also a
i!nrough Pullman for Chicago daily. Sundays
Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars on Night
rams and parlor cars ON day trains.
IdGhET ar, OFFICE DEPOT AT FOOT OF
CHAs. M. HAYS, Gena Manager.
1ortiand, June l4tn. 1897. jel4H
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-08-02
STEAMBOAT GO.
The 365 Island Route.

Beginning July i, 1897, steamers will leave
Portland Pier, Portland, as follows:
For LONG ISLAND, 6.5(, 500, 1925 A. NJ.
2.0O 500, els P. NJ.
For CHEBEAGUE l., HARPSWELL, BAL
LEY'S and ORRS IS 800, 1928 A. NJ, 2. 90,
5.00P M
For HOPE l.. 100 A. NJ. 200 p. NJ.
For CLIFF L., 1925 A. NJ. 200. 800 P. NJ.
For LITTLEFIELD'S, CT. CHEBEAGUEI.,
1925 A. NJ. 200. 800 P. NJ. Return for PORT
LAND; Leave oRRs ISLAND $40, II. 90
A. N. I.5o, 400 P. NJ. Leave BAILEY's /,
6.10. 1910 A. NJ 2.1O, 3.45 P. NJ. Lv. so.
HARPSWELL. 6. 20, IL. % A. NJ. 2. rs, 4.25 P.
NJ. Lv. LiTTLEFiELD'S. CT. CHEBEAGU E,
6.5p, Ill 90 A. NJ. $50, $50 P. NJ. Lv. jerks,
CT. CHEBEAGUE. 7.05 A. NJ, 1900, 3.o5.
800 P. NJ. Nv. CLIFF l., tbs A. NJ, 3.15 P.
NJ. Lv. HOPE l., 1906, 5.o5 P. NJ. Lv. LIT
TIE CHEBEAGUE, 7.30 A. NJ, I2.l5. $40
5.i5 p. NJ. Nv. LONG l., 6.25, 7.45 A. NJ,
1880, $40, $50, GAO P. NJ. Arrive Portland
600, S.15 A. NJ, 100, 4.15. 600, 7.05 P. M.
SUNDAYS.
Lv. Portland for HARPSWELL and interme-
diate landings, 1000, 1u.40, A. NJ, 200 P. NJ
Return from Harpswel arrive Portland LOO,
$50 P. NJ.
Sailing trip down the Bay every pleasant
Sunday Leave Portland 2.15 r. NJ. Return
$50 p. NJ. Fare only % cents.
Daily excursions % miles down the Bay
Round trip tickets only 90 cents. Sunday
excursions to Halpswell So cents, other
landings rs cents.
ISAIAH DANIELS, General Manager.
jly1dtf
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-08-02

Miss Edith and Mr. Edward Noyes of
Newburyport, Mass, are visiting E. I'll.
+, Smith, Main street.
The employees at Mr.. Edward Hardings
clothing mandatory went to Riverton
Friday evening The Crystal Spring
mouse barge carried the party.
Mr.. Lewis Mcclellan is confined to the
house with illness.
Mi. h. Il. True and family of Portland
arrived Saturday and will occupy the
mouse OF Miss Sarah l.. Robbie, State
street, for several weeks.
Mr.. Arthur Dyer of Boston is visiting
his father, William NJ. Dyer =
Deputy Sheriff H. W. Hale is able to
be about again after being confined to
the house few days.
Miss Eliza B. Emery returned Friday
from an extended trip through the West.
Miss Laura Chadbourne of Waterboro is
the guest of Miss Bessie Bradbury
Mr.. H. l.. Houghton of Portland has
been in town this week.
Mrs. John Fitzgerald and three chill
dren Of Bath are spending few DAYS
with Mr.. S. Guthrie.
Mr.. William Townsend hes returned TO
Boston. after two weeks vacation here.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-08-02
The Returned oarsman.

New York, July 31.-Mr. James Ten
Eyck and his son will go tomorrow to
Travers island, where the young man will
take practice spin on the waters of the
Long Island sound. In the evening the
Ten Eycks will meet the delegations from
Worcester. On Monday they will make
calls in this city and on Tuesday they
will leave for Boston where reception
will be given Edward in FaneuiI hall.
Young Ten Eyck is entered in the nation
al regatta at Philadelphia on August ID
and IA but he may not be in condition to
enter the races.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1897-08-02
RAILROADS.
PORTLAND & WORCESTER.
PORTLAND & ROCHESTER, R. R.
Station Foot of Preble 81.

On and after Sunday, June OF, 1897, Passenger
trains VIII Leave Portland:
For Worcester, Clinton, Aver Junction, Nashua,
Wlndham and Epping at 7.3o a. m. and 1890
p. m.
For Manchester, Concord and points North at
7.30 a. m. and 1890 p. m.
For Rochester, Springvale, Alfred Water
boro and Saco River at 7.30 a. NJ, 1870 and
$50 p. m.
For Gorham at 7.3o and 945 a. M. 1870, 800,
$50 and $40 p M
For Westbrook, Cumberland Mills, Westbrook
Junction and WOodfordS at 7.30, $40 a. M,
1890, 900, $50 and $40 p m.
The 1890 p. m. train from Portland connects
at Aver Junction with "Hoosac Tunnel Route"
for the West and at Union Station, Worcester,
for Providence and New York, via providence
Line" for Norwich and New York, via Nor
witch Line with Boston and Albany r. r.. for
the West. and with the New York all rail via
Springfield"
Trains arrive in Portland from Worcester
at 100 p. M; from Rochester at $50 a. M, 13O
and 5.45 p. M; from Gorham at $40, $50 and
1850 a. M, 1,30, 4,15, 5.45 p. m.
= SUNDAYS.
Trains arrive from Rochester and inter
mediate stations at $50 a. m.
Leave for Rochester and intermediate sta
tipns at 6.15 p. m.
For tickets for all points West and South ap-
ply to +. II. COLLINS Ticket Agenl Port
lond Me.
ie25dtf J. W. PETERS, Supt.