The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1897-06-22
QUEEN VICTORIA
Continued from First Page)

zeal change was threatened. Then the
extremists arose in defense of their
principals. The announcement to Par
| lament that the Queen was to marry
her cousin. Prince Albert, served as an
occasion for violent dissensions. The
question was raised as to whether or
not the Prince was Protestant and
England was stirred from one end to
the other. Although Prince Albert's
house had always been Protestant
house, the mere omission OF the an
nouncement that he was a Protestant,
| in the declaration to Parliament, was
considered ominous to the Established
Church. Such a dissension would not
be possible today, probably.
One thing which served to arouse re-
| ligious interest and to induce renewed
fervor in the churches was the with
drawal of DIR. Newman from the Es-
tablished Church, and his going over
to the Church of Rome. At the same
| time the functions of the Church were
being attacked by the Reform party,
and its right to hold property ques-
toned. This easily brought out a
movement to re-estakfish the old au-
thority of the Church The center of
this religious thought was at Oxford.
A similar process of thought and rea-
soning was going on within the Church
in Scotland, and an effort was made to
separate Church and State The seces-
sion of DR.. Chalmers and several hum
dred ministers and the formation of the
Free Church was the result
At all times during the reign there
has been freedom of thought. Along
with extension of boundary lines and
expansion of trade have come new
ideas.
The same influences that defended
the Church in the time of Newman,
defended it little more in 1850. when
the Established Church was invited in
to the Church of Rome, because OF the |
mistaken assumption of the Vatican |
that popular feeling in England was
turning toward the Church of Rome. |
Religious liberty had been tolerated to |
a considerable degree In the Charita-
BILE Bequests Act of 1S45 Irish Catholic
prelates were given rank Immediately
after the prelates of the Established
Church of the same degree. This, and
the secession of many. noted members
of the Established Church was taken
at Rome to mean that the whole of
Protestant England was preparing to
secede. The Papal bill directed the
establishment of hierarchy of bish-
ops, deriving their titles from their
own sees" The mistaken interpreted
ton of the Vatican of the lassitude of
the English Church served to call out
all the latent fealty to the Established
Church. 1t induced a revival of relig-
ious fervor that has never since sub
sided. Lord John Russell ably rose to
the defense of the Church. and meet
ings were held all over England. The
subject was even thrust upon Parlia-
ment in the form of bill to prevent
the assumption by Roman Catholics
of titles taken from any territory with
in the United Kingdom" The bill was
eventually passed in a much amended
form, but never enforced. Queen Vic
toria's own spirit of fairness was ex-
hibited in a letter. which she wrote
on the subject, in which she said: 81
would never have consented to any
thing which breathed a spirit of in
tolerance" One menace to the Es-
tablished Church was thus forever set
at rest.
From the time of Lord Palmerston
England's foreign policy has been Wig
orous. 1t has added much territory to |
the Empire. 1t has placed England in |
a powerful position among the civil
liked nations, so that today there is |
scarcely a question in Europe which |
involves territorial jurisdiction, in |
which England is not vitality interest |
ed. The settlement of the Eastern |
boundary had for many years been a
troublesome subject to the European |
civilized nations. The Ottoman Empire |
had held an unassailable position for
many years, but the dissolution of the /
Empire in Europe seemed inevitable, |
and some arrangements must be made |
for division. Russia claimed to have |
a direct interest by treaty in the Chris
tians then controlled by the Empire, |
primarily, and it was because of this |
that England came to enter into an al |
lance against Russia. The peace
which was secured by the Crimean war
lasted less than 25 years England's
influence in the East has since been ex-
ercised as forcibly. In 1862 England was
nearly called upon again, this time on |
behalf of Crete From 1875 to 1878 she
was deeply interested, ending in the
Congress of Berlin.
England's policy in India and her |
foreign colonies have secured to her
vast resources. But her interests have
not been wholly absorbed by affairs
without the confines of the British |
Islands. The army and navy have been
developed to maintain her prestige |
Reforms have been inaugurated in
every branch of the service. The pris-
ons system has been revolutionized
and crime has diminished The policy
of the police system has been in the
interests of humanity, to prevent,
rather than punish"
England's intellectual and educa-
tional life mas developed during the
reign of Queen Victoria. To use the
words of Justin Mccarthy: "At the /
opening of Queen Victoria's reign /
great race of literary men had dpme to
a close. 1t is curious to note how