The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1897-01-22
written for the CitIzen.l


on Mars. The scenery of Europe Is
chiefly remarkable tor its variety;
while not possessing the highest noun
tains there are many ranges, and no
two alike. In reckoning up The var
ious features of Mars, we find very
moist climate, giving the planet much
warmth with small solar heat, red
skies due to the same cause as the
warm climate, andNl so probably AUX
urious vegetation, for III warm and
moist climates we have always a
rank growth of vegetable life. This in
turn must give Mars much organic
life. Furthermore, Mars has a rugged
and mountainous crust, split and di-
vited in all directions by the long.
narrow seas known as the canals. We
have here fairly complete picture,
and the conclusion We must draw is
that Mars is much more BEAUTIFUL
world than our own. A peculiar cir
cumstance is the almost c, mplete abb
sence of sound. The absence of wind
is another fact worthy of note. The
sun is at Il greater distance, the year is
twice the length of ours, and the eli
mate is So mild that there eau be no
winds of any strength. Mars icing
older than the earth, il may have a
civilization hundreds of thousands of
wears ahead of human civilization.
The superior race may be much larger
or mu, b smaller than we are, it is I'M
likely that they resemble US, SO innum-
cradle are the forms the different spe-
cies of tie animal world take in their
struggle for the survival of the fittest.
The wettest place known on earth is
Cherrapunji. in India, with mean an
nual raintuil of about $50 inches. OBJ
servaions during 1894 aud 1895 in the
Kanlerum District of West Africa have
brought tn notice another place scarce
ly less moist, the rainfall at Debumia,
in latitude 4 degrees north and longi-
tude nine degrees east, having been "a
inches in the single month of Septen-
Der, 1895. Que days record was IA
inches.
To the work its Botanical Depart
ment is credited the condition of Ja-
maica, the one prosper, us colony of
the West Indies.
Glow worms will have new charm
for observers next summer Seeking
the phenomenal of Roeutgen rays, Mr..
Mr.. ii. Mura0ka, OF KyOta, Japan,
captured 800 of The glow worms that
swarm on June nights near his home,
and placed them in a box with II SEN
sitive plate partly covered with card
board. Gu development the plate
showed an impression where it had
been covered with the cardboard Out
not where the cardboard had been cut
away. The new kinds Of rays thus
discovered proved to he capable OF reg
ular ref cti"n and probably of refrac-
ton and polarization, but had no ac-
ton or fluOreScent screens or electric
discharges, their most striking prop
erty seeming to he that of penetrative
power, is impaired TO them by filtfa-
ton through paper, cardboard or metal
plates. The unfiltered glow worm
light, which may be easily reflected or
polauzed like ordinary light, has no
Photographic effect whatever. The at
traction of cardboard for the Muraoka
rays appears to be phenomenon
analogous to that giving magnetism to
iron.
The trial of the torpedo boat Tur-
binia, built at Wallsend-on- Tyne to
test the applicability of the steam tur-
bine of the Hon. G. A. Parsons to
STEAMBOATS,, should mark the opening
of new era in marine propulsion. The
vessil is 100 feet long with a displace-
ment of AZ tons, was driven at Ia speed
of 29.5 knots, which is likely to be ex
ceeded in future experiments. Among
the advantages claimed for the system
are increased speed, with greatly sim-
plitied and lightened machinery aud
smaller propellers, greatly reduced first
cost and running expense, lightened
draught, and greatly lessened vibra-
ton.
Ozone inhalations have proven very
effective in five cases of whooping
cough treated by French physician,
M. e. Doumer, who reports other ex-
perience III about twenty cases as con-
tirming his own results. The inhala-
tions were administered for 10 or Is
minutes twice day. Improvement
was noticed on the second day. the at
tacks of coughing became again violent
on interrupting the treatment, aud all
patients recovered in to Is days, dur
ing which they received from II to q
inhalations of the ozone.
A new electric discharge phenom-
enon, called electro-capilary light, is
produced 10y Herr 0. SMUT, of Jena.
by sending the discharge of an induc-
ton coil through glass tube about
l-l0OIh OF an inch in diameter. The
thin column of air is made powerfully
luminous, but the tube is quickly de-
stroyed.
Why piece of red-hot tool steel be-
comes filnt-like in hardness when sud-
denly quenched in water has been one
OF the most perplexing problems to the
metallurgisi. In one of his recent no.
table lectures at the Sheffield Techni-
Cal School, Prof. J. o. Arnold remark
ed that Tor many years enquirers had
been satisfied with the explanation
that the hardness was due to driving
of the molecules closer together by the
shock, but this theory was upset by the
increase in volume of the steel on hard
ening. A search of five years by the
metailurgical department of the Shelf
field Technical School has been re-
warded by what is probably true ex-
PLANTATION. With Intricate phys al APP
paratus-the object of which was to
measure accurately tie seeming paradox
of how much hotter piece of steel be-
came on cooling and how much cooler
on heating nhenomena dino to tho