davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Birmingham state herald., 1896-10-31
SPLINT COAL. Virginia & Alabama Coal Go. Office: 2Ol5 First Ave.
 Phone 6l4. Yard: 24th st. and Powell ave
 Phone ll45.
AT THE Y. M. c. A.

This morning at 9:15 o'clock the ooys will have a song service at the Young Mems Christian association rooms, and at 10 o'clock will go with Athletic Instruc- tor Dushan for a hare and hound run. Sunday afternoon at o'clock the young mems meeting will be led by MT. Schim- mel of Howard college.
Birmingham state herald., 1896-10-31
LOANS.

MONEY TO LOAN-On furniture, without removal, from $i0 up. s. R. Searle, 17th street, between 1st and 2d avenues. my 2-tf ..,.
Birmingham state herald., 1896-10-31
A Few Endorsements of the Press.
Christian Advoca,.,

 shedifne
Birmingham state herald., 1896-10-31
LOST.
BUsINEss oPPoRTUNITIEs..

MODISTE desires cutting, fitting and re- modelling by day in homes of ladies' Ad- dress A. G.. State Herald. 10-7-tf PIANO TUNING-M Monte Pickens, the cele- brated tuner, indorsed by world-re- nowned artists; fifteen years with the largest music houses in the south. Please call at Seals Bros for leafiet. 10-1S-2w
Birmingham state herald., 1896-10-31

FOR RENT-Nicely furnished or unfur- nished rooms at 20101a 3rd avenue, over Birmingham Water works. Mrs. M. D. Ryan. . ., f..5 S-16-tf
Birmingham state herald., 1896-10-31

10-4-1nn
Birmingham state herald., 1896-10-31

FOR RENT-One room cottage, with hall; convenient to dummy, on 7th avenue, near 18th street. Also two stores with rooms up- stairs, on Avenue A. very cheap. Jonas Schwab & Go. 9-20-tf
Birmingham state herald., 1896-10-31

FOR RENT-Three rooms suitable for light housekeeping. Address B., care State- Herald. 10-23 If
Birmingham state herald., 1896-10-31

FOR SALE-Piano in good condition, Ev- | eret Grand Upright; will sacrifice it. $100 |
 if sold at once. Address Box 546, city. 10-1S-tf
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20

the most convenient Of the metals from
are used. They occupy the exalted posi-
tion Of money metals alone on account
of their convenience.
The element of their convenience
which causes disturbance is value. Their
values change. Man has attempted to
prevent this tluctuation by statutory pro-
visions with invariable failure. Why?
Because in his legal enactments he ig-
nored natures measure Of value. If
man produces 80 bushels of potatoes by
one days labor and but one bushel of
wheat by days labor, the value of the
one bushel of wheat is equal to the 32
bushels Of potatoes and double that of 1G
of them. No statutory law can change
this relative value.
To say that the supply Of silver has
increased is but to state that there is a
good crop of silver; that for u given
number of days labor, delving in the
bowels of mother earth, an increased
number of ounces of silver have been
produced To say that the supply Of gold
has decreased is but to state the reverse.
A statutory provision cannot control
the relative value of two commodities
or the value of any single commodity.
1t is possible to fix a unit of measure by
statute, but unit of measure cannot be
made from two different commodities
the relative values of which inevitably
fluctuate.
A unit of measure of intrinsic value
composed Of two substances is not a ne
cessity, but is a mathematical and log
ical absurdity. 1t is no more ridiculous
than it would be to try to enact and
enforce law that, there being four pecks
in bushel of wheat weighing go pounds,
therefore there are four pecks or sixty
pounds of oats in bushel Neither prop
osition is true. No difference which
money metal is taken as the basis of the
unit, the decision should be based on
convenience, stability of value and du-
rability the essentials. The unit fixed
all money metals can be freely used ac-
cording to their real value, taken by ma
ture's measure-a days labor. Nothing
else can be done. Much disturbance can
be made by attempting to do something
different, but it will end in failure and
loss, perhaps financial disaster.
If silver is made the standard metal,
gold will be no less valuable, and vice
versa The trouble is not that gold is
the standard, but that silver is not un-
limitedly accepted as money. That it is
not unlimitedly accepted as money is
because its friends insist on its being
unlimitedly accepted at more than its
value. measured by natures measure
(by the only possible measure).
Is not coinage unnecessary and the
cause of confusion in the minds of
many? The earlier moneys did not pos
sess intrinsic value. But very small
portion of the present circulating me-
dunn has any intrinsic value. This
could not be otherwise.
There is not enough of the precious
metals to supply the money for the com.
merce of the world. 1t is not probable
that there ever can be. If there was,
! the element of convenience would pre-
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20
LIVE QUESTIONS.
A Series of Articles Contributed to These
Columns by Advanced Thinkers.

COINAGE CoNFUsIoN-FIRsT PRINCIPLES
AND COMMON SENSE APPLIED-THE
MONEY QUESTION DIvEsTED OF THE
BEwILDERING ARGUMENTS WHICH BE-
SET IT.
What is money? Simply conven-
ience. In itself it cannot be used as food
or clothing. 1t is but a means to an end.
Man invented money as an accommoda-
tion in the exchange of necessary COM
modities. He did not do this until COM
merce between people, distantly sepa-
rated, made it a valuable convenience.
Money is not necessity in the exchange
Of the produce of neighbors.
The first money was not gold, silver,
copper, nickel, metal of any kind or
even paper. AS money itself is a mere
convenience, SO is the selection of the
substance from which it is made.
Moneys play the same part in COM
merce that railroads, wagon roads and
rivers do. They facilitate exchange.
Several means of transportation have
been found desirable; SO have several
forms of money. Each is convenience.
All help mankind.
There is no form of money that is
measure Of value. A days labor is the
measure of all values. The amount of
labor necessary to produce given
amount of any substance necessary to the
wants of man is alone the measure of its
value. This is another indisputable fact
and is the arch which supports all finan.
cial systems. 1t is the basis of commerce.
If it takes five days labor to produce ten
bushels of wheat, that wheat is equal in
value to the amount of silver or of gold
that can be produced by five days labor,
This is natures measure. 1t is the only
measure. Any system of finance or COM
merce that does not recognize this mex
orable law is faulty and must prove
failure.
The substances that have been used
for money have been changed from time
to time as man has found the one more
convenient than the other. Convenience
contemplates value, durability, etc.
Gold, silver, nickel and copper are now
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20

style as BELTS the man of culture and
refined taste, the salaries of Columbia's
professors are perhaps the highest in
the country.
Columbia is not worrying at all about
money, but is going straight ahead with
the confidence that now as in the past
whatever is needed will be provided.
In the development of the Greater
Columbia, President Low and the trus-
tees first obtained the finest site in the
city of New York, Is undivided acres,
high on the breezy rocky hill ten miles
from the trade center of the city. Here
a space twice as big as Madison Square
has been bought. Columbia has pull
with the Legislature, and has secured an
act forever guarding this site from
being cut up by streets passing through
it. The buildings are to be laid out
in u formal way betitting the classic 1c.
pose of their architecture, the library in
the middle with it's white dome domi-
mating the group, the various schools
and halls arranged about it, the acad-
emic theater in the rear.
About one-half of the site will ulti-
matcly be covered with buildings, the
remainder left in broad, well-shaped
spaces between them. For the present
the magnificent groves of oaks and
chestnuts, perhaps the fnestin the city,
viii be preserved. The larger build
ings, except the library, will generally
be built about grassy quadrangles as
sunny and quiet as those of oxford it,
self.
Just across the street, north of the col
lege grounds, already stands the teach
ers' college, affiliated with Columbia
university; and to the west across the
boulevard will be placed the new build
ing of Barnard college for women,
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20
[coPYRIGHT, 1896. ]


We are standing on the highest point
of Bloomingdale Heights, New York
city, facing one of the fairest prospects
in the new world.
Away to the left, beyond the silver
streak which one could scarcely believe to
be mighty river mile and a half wide,
tower the Palisades. Away to the right
beyond a narrower silver streak, which
marks the Harlem ebband flow, stretch
the plains of Westchester county, Long
Island and Connecticut. In the fore
ground rises to the left the Cathedral
Of st. John the Divine, the finest fame
in all America. To the right is St. Lulle's
hospital, of which the pleasing tale is
told that it was built for one dollar,
given by a poor woman in grateful APP
probation of the care which she had re-
ceived in city hospital, this forming
the nucleus around which the thou
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20

ing value; but the site which will be
dedicated next month and the new
buildings which are planned to rise
thereon will cost from $5,OOO,OO0 10
$7000,O0 without trenching upon the
endowment in any way. Indeed, the
general funds of the college are expect
ed to double even while the fair walls of
the new white city of learning on the
brown roclI-ribbed hills are rising.
President Low has shown how this
may be done, and other wealthy citi-
Zens have taken the hint. Besides the
Schermerhorn building already provid-
ed for, the closer association of the
medical school of Columbia has brought
to it $500,0OO from the Vanderbilts and
Sloans, and the erection of the Sloan
Maternity hospital, which is practical
ly an appendage of Columbia univer-
sity.
If any wealthy citizen of New York
wishes to build gymnasium or an aca-
demic theater, or IA school or a chapel
or dining hall, or anything of that
kind, at cost of from 100000 to 3d.
100000, he is quite at liberty to do so
Meanwhile the funds of the college will
be used strictly for its educational pur-
poses-and in providing for instruc-
tion Columbia deals with instructors
with no niggardly hand. Realizing tho
cost of living in great city and in such
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20

named in honor of the preslde2: OF Co
lumbia.
The students have caught the fire of
emulation, aud have arranged to buld
at the foot of One Hundred and Fiji
teenth street, quite near the site, one of
the finest boat houses in the country;
and with the athletic alumni they are
expected to provide funds for the gym
nasium which can be erected at a cost of
100000.
Columbia's curriculum was long ar
range on the old line of compulsory
Greek, Latin and mathematics. In the
new Columbia the utmost liberty of
choice of subject will be given to the
student, and every facility will be af-
forded for advanced study by men and
women of mature age. The degree of
bachelor of arts can hereafter be gained
there by any student who is such an
iconoclast as to believe that modern Ian
guages are as valuable to him as Greek;
but he can get the Greek if he wants it,
and all he wants.
The new Columbia and the new Chi
cago university, two great urban centers
of culture, will be worth watching for
the next few years.
JOHN LANGDoN HEAToN.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20

sands of the rich gathered to forward so
excellent work. In the immediate
fcreground-not so high as the heaven
piercing spires of the cathedral, yet far
broader than the mighty block of ST.
Iuke's-there is agrayish-white granite
mass of buildings which seem from this
distance almost without break of green
spaces and airy arcades. Just in the
middle of the splendid pile rises from
the lofty white wall pure round dome.
1t is the dome of the library of Columbi2
college, a building capable of holding
100000 volumes, second only to the
congressional library in Washington,
and as big as two of the famed Bodleian
at Oxford, containing besides many of
the offices of a great modern UNIVERSE
ty, with S5,000,0OO $6,OOO,O0 or 81 ,OOO,-
900 invested in site and buildings, with
$50,000,0 900 or $40, 900, 600 of endowments,
withfacultiesa and throngingstudcnts of
law, medicine and pedagogy, of engi-
neering and applied sciences, of political
science, and of the more human" arts
pursued in a college proper.
But we must not anticipate, as they
say in the stories.
This is a pen picture, not of the Co
lumbia college of to-day, but of the
Greater Columbia university as it will
be five years from now, if the brave and
hopeful plansof it's friends and trustees
are carried out. For the present the
walls of two or three of the buildings
are rising, while the cellars for one or
two more are being dug; but on the
second day of next month the grounds
will be solemnly dedicated to Amerl-
can learning, at the same time that
the corner stones are laid for the beau
tiful library which is being built with
President Seth Lows splendid gift of
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20

Sl,000,000, and of the science building
endowed with Frederick Schermer-
horns gift of 100000.
The old idea of u university was q
carefully guarded suburb of some tiny
town, within whose grass-grown quad
rangles, walled away from the hurry of
the world, sage theologians paced in
their long black gowns. The modern
ideal university is a many-sided insti-
tuition planted upon the edge of some
big town, which furnishes every advan
tage in the way of hospitals, engineer
ing works, railroads, law offices, courts,
art exhibitions and other adjuvants of
learning and culture. The day of Jena
and Oxford is passing-at least so say
the advocates of the modcrn-and the
day is coming of the big city university,
in Berlin, London, New York city and
Chicago.
1t is upon this theory that Columbia
college, which five years ago, in spite
of its generous endowments, was one
of the second class institutions of learn
ing in this country, is now to secure
place in the first rank under the presi-
dency of Seth Low, who has twice been
mayor of Brooklyn and more than once
mentioned as a candidate for governor
and even for president. In these five
years the endowment of Columbia has
increased more than $5,0O0,00O. Its in
come from endowments and fees is
something like 100000 year. What
the total amount of its endowment
NAV be it is difficult to tell, as so much
of it is in lands and buildings OF vary
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20

PLAN OF IMPROVED SCHOOL GROUNDS.
a, Evcrgreens. b, Shrubbery. c, Decidu-
Gus trees. d. Ornamental trees. c, cut
leavcd birch.
grapevines can be made to produce fine
effects on fences and outbuildineS, or
on rubbish or stumps in the yard. Let
the children experiment somewhat
with plants, as it is not desired that the
yard be stiff, formal affair suitable for
a large city. Carefully set out and
trim everything. Some one who has
had considerable practical experience
should be secured to assist III this part
of the work. The object in arranging
the plants should be to secure asnatural
an appearance as possible. Much must
depend on the teachers who have charge
Of the school, though it is desirable to
have an enlightened and energetic
school board.
The foregoing may not be exactly ar-
plicable TO every school yard, but il
gives suggestions which if adapted to
local conditions will convert barren and
nnsightly school yards INTO things of
beauty. The moral influence upon the
children of such surroundings is worth
all the improvement costs. Having
gained the committees consent, the
teacher should talk the matter up with
pupils and parents, and get them to
donate trees and shrubs so that the
cost for purchased stock may be light
Then have field day, when the work
of setting out the plants shall be done
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20

DR.. Beddoe said that there was dis
tinct relation between mans pursuits
and the color of mans hair. An unusual
proportion of men with dark, straight
hair enter the ministry; red-whiskered
men are apt to be given to sporting and
horsefesh while the tall, vigorous
blonde men, lineal descendants of the
Vikings, still contribute large con-
tingent to travellers and emigrants.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20

Don't you think" said Miss Simfoni,
that Theodore Thomas is the best con-
ductor in the country?"
And old Mrs. Flat replied, thought
fully: "Well, dunno as ever rid in his
car."-Boston Bulletin.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1896-04-20
THE GREATER COLUMBIA.
Fair Buildings to Arise on the
Heightssof Bloomingdale.

The Great Urban University - How the
Modern College Relies Upon Rich Citi-
zens for Splendid Advances in the
Future-Great Center of Culture.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1896-12-04
FAVE GOING SOUTH.

WantedAn Idea ~! $as s. S s! i&1Ss
Protect your ideas; they may bring you wealth.
Write JOHN WEDDERBORN & CO., Patent Attor.
neys Washington, D. c.. for their 81 $40 prize ofer
and list OF two hundred inventions wanted.
"TANTED-FAITHFUL MEN OR wOMGN
w to travel for responsible established house
in Maryland. Salary $50 and expenses Position
permanent. Reference. Enclose sef-addressed
stamped envelope. The National, Star Insurance
Bldg, Chicago, Ill. ole
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1896-12-04

81 find your Vegetable Compound
invaluable for children with weak
kidneys-it cured me of painful men
situation Mrs. w. E. Gardner, Gary,
Cook Co., Ill.
1" feel that could write news
paper about your valuable medicine
and the great good it has done me-"
Mrs. I. S. Kennerly, SIS Salem Ave,
Roanoke, Va.
" have been troubled with inf1am-
nation of the womb and ovaries for
three years. Your Compound cured
me when doctors failed" Mrs. Breier,
1884 Franklin Ave, st. Louis, Mo.
If space would allow we could go
on with such extracts as above to
indefinite length. These, however, will
suffice to confirm the claims made in
the leading lines of this article.
A STANDING INVITATION.
Women suffering from any form
of female weakness are invited to
promptly communicate with Mrs. Pink
ham at Lynn, Mass. All letters are
received, opened, read and answered
by women only. A woman can freely
talk of her private illness to a woman;
thus has been established the eternal
confidence between Mrs. Pinkham and
the women of America which has never
been broken. Out of the vast volume
of experience which she has to draw
from it is more than possible that she
has gained the very knowledge that
will help your case. She asks nothing
in return except your good will, and
her advice has relieved thousands.
Surely, any woman, rich or poor, is
very foolish if she does not take adj
vantage of this generous offer of assist
ance.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1896-12-04

redeemable in silver and gold and
receivable for government dues;
also, the issue of certificates of de-
posits for deposits of gold and silver;
but Congress failed to concur.
The Bank of the United States, a
state institution with branches
throughout the country, suspended
in 1S41, and was complete failure.
In 1871, the state of Pa. being in
sore straits for money to pay for
extensive public works put under
construction to give employment to
the great number of idle workmen,
by authority Of the legislature
issued "Relief money!" not bearing
interest but receivable for all taxes
due the state, which currency
passed current with the business
men and afforded much relief.
The state of Indiana, also, being
greatly in need of money, issued
non interest bearing warrants,
which were made receivable for
taxes, and passed current, afford
ing great relief to all.
The population was all the while
increasing, but the money supply
continued contracted, which caused
the continued decline in rents, real
estate, products, salaries, and
wages, forced the great masses of
the people to become more and
more impoverished and eventually
so poor that very many could
neither pay rents, interest nor taxes.
Persons who had loaned money on
country and city property were in
most cases forced to take it for the
debt, and most property, even the
improved being unproductive was
allowed to be sold for taxes. State
and municipal governments failing
to collect taxes, were forced to de-
fault in paying interest on their
bonds. The holders of those bonds
not receiving their interest, were
compelled to sell them and in some
cases at a very heavy discount.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1896-12-04

NIGGER's FooT.-This is Bra
lillian sweetmeat, and, although
the name is far from attractive, the
candy is decidedly good. Many of
the past generation will remember
the old colored aunties at the street
corners with their stocks OF this
delicacy. Skin quarter of a
pound of roasted peanuts, make a
thick syrup with one pound of
granulated sugar and one gill of
water. Then add the broken
peanuts and boil for a few minutes.
Wet a clean board, take a spoonful
of the mixture and drop it, shaking
it into rings or round, fiat cookies.
Let them dry well and serve them
cold. They will keep for a long
time, improving with age.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1896-12-04
A BUTTERFLY CATCHER.
An Old Man Chasing tho Idlers for tn
Richest Man in the World.

An Old Man Chasing the Idlers for the
Richest Man in the World.
Chasing butterflies for the richest
man in the world is now the occupation
of one of the most striking looking
characters seen in the streets of Los
Angeles. He is SO years old, keen-eyed
straight and vigorous, with the step and
alertness of man whose life has been
spent out of doors. His name is George
W. Dunn, and he has been sharing but
terflieS since 1949, when he came to the
state. He is a naturalist of the Audubon
type. He knows all the books by heart,
but he knows better than all the book of
nature, and has spent his existence turn
ing its leaves. He has searched the fields
and forests of all the Pacific states, of
British Columbia, lower California.
Mexico and South America, and has II
times tramped over central America
always after plants and insects.
Over at Trig, England, lives an old
man who is chiefly known to the world
because of his immense wealth, but who,
if he were poor, would be famous be-
cause of his researches and knowledge
as a naturalist. He is Baron de Roths-
child, and at 1,rig he has large three
story building, which he is filing with
chronological specimens. He heard of
Mr.. Dunn some time ago, and has en-
ployed him to make c collection on the
coast of Mexico. Dunn has already sew
eral thousand butterflies ready to ship
to August Belmont at New York, who
will forward them to Trig. Each is.
placed in three-cornered envelope, so
arranged that the delicate Enclosure
cannot be injured In few days he will
leave for Revila Gigedo, on the east coast
of Mexico. He has an indefinite COM
Nissien, and will be long time com
plotting the baron's collection. AS he APP
pears certain to be good for half a century
more of life, he does not need to hurry.
Indeed, he says the philosophy of life
is this-live slowly.-San Francisco Ex-
aminer.