davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08
THE FORK IN HISTORY.

Luxury is very relative thing. Prog
ress consists largely in multiplying the
needs of the greatest number. We can
with difficulty imagine today a house.
hold SO poor that it could not afford
plates at table, and yet at one time
these were great luxuries.
The spoon seems to have been known
from the most remote antiquity; wooden
specimens have been found among pre-
historic relics. The excavations of
Schliemann have shown them in the
ruins OF Troy. They were made of wood,
earthenware. and later of metal. We
have Egyptian spoons of bronze, ivory.
and wood. But il its use was general as
we'll among the Romans as among the
medieval nations, it was not costly. Ac-
cording to the story of Baronius, Pierre
Damien made present of several wood
en- spoons to Pope Gregory VII. The
introduction of metal spoons seems to
have been subsequent to the fourteenth
century.
AS to the use of the fork, it is far more
recent. All the ancient peoples. and the
majority Of the moderns, till the end Of
the seventeenth century used exclusive
ly the fork of our father Adam. The
Greek and Roman authors make no al
fusion to this simple instrument. and it
was almost unknown in the Middle
Ages. Probably it was of Byzantine
origin. Pierre Damien and st. Bona.
venture narrate that at the close of the
tenth century. the sister of Romanus Ar.
gulus. emperor of the East, having es
poused son of the Doge Pierre Orseo.
10, scandalized all Venice by an odd and
unnatural form of luxury. which con-
sisted in using. instead of the fingers,
small, gold two pronged forks. The old
chronicler Dandolo. full of horror at
such depravity, adds that the unhappy
woman was, by chastisement sent from
heaven. attacked by frightful disease
that changed her body to powder and
caused it to exhale, even before death,
the odor of corruption. In spite of this
terrible example, the use of forks, be
coming regarded as convenient and
proper, established itself at Venice. A
traveller, Jacques Lssaige, speaks thus
of it, not without astonishment, in des-
cribing feast given by the Doge:
These lords. when they desire to eat,
take the food with silver fork" A lit.
tie later, Saba da Castiglione mentions
the use Of forks ga la Venitenne' to
avoid Selling the food with the fingers.
After the sixteenth century mention
of forks appears in some inventories,
though not often.-Literarq Digest.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08
DAIRY u.

A farmer who has basement barns, or
otherwise comfortable winter quarters,
neglects his opportunities if he does
not supply succulent food and have his
COWS calve in the fall, so as to make the
largest flow of milk in the winter
months. This is especially true of the
butter maker, and only in less degree
where the milk is sold.
The wholesale price of milk is very
near the lowest possible cost of produc-
ton. If the milkman is not exceedingly
careful the cost will exceed the price.
Cow beef is never in brisk demand.
Unless the owner can thus turn off his
cows for what they cost him, he is pref
ty sure to lose money.
Where the general farmer takes up
dairy work as an additional branch he
must study the matter of economical
production. His facilities and methods
must be such that he can manufacture
goods of the very highest class. There
is no profit in poor butter, however
cheaply it may be produced.
High prices for butter will not be of
any benefit unless the dairy manage
ment is sucL that the product costs
considerable less than it sells for. There
Is room for vast number of little leaks
In the dairy, all the way from the quail
ty of the cows to the quantity of the
salt used, for SO many things influence
the price.
A close record of the milk product of
each COW would show many dairymen
that one-half Of their herd is paying for
the support of the other half. 1t would
certainly be economy to dispose of that
"other half" While at it, discourage
the use of scrub bulls by imposing a
specific tax upon all animals kept for
service. The scrubs would not stay
long.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08

be.among the interesting and instructive
sights of the second floor, and cafe will
have place in the attic. No less than
seven elevators are distributed through
the building for the convenience of the
public,
1t is often said that life in Washing
ton, with its numerous government
buildings, its museums and art CALLER
les, and its many historical associations,
is liberal education. The new library
when completed will be one more stan !.
ing proof that the claim is true one.
Could six million dollars be better in
vested?-Bertha Gerneaun Davis, in
Netc York Observer.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08
LITTLE BROWN HANDS.

They drive home the COWS from the pasture,
Up through the long shady lane,
Where the quail whistles loud in the wheat helds
That are yellow with the ripening grain.
They find In the thick. waving grasses.
Where the scarlet-lipped strawberry grows;
They gathered the earliest snowdrops,
And the first crimson buds of the rose.
Those who toll bravely are strongest;
The humble and poor become great;
And from these brown-handed children
Shall grow mighty rulers of state.
The pen of the aIthor and statesman,
The noble and wise of the land,
The sword and the chisel. and palette.
Shall be held in the little brown hand.
SELECTED.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08

fences OF stone throwing. have claimed
her own. The fatter and thinner the
shell within the limits of weight, the
more astonishing the fight that re-
suited, unless, indeed, the edge of the
missile we're inclined downward instead
OF slightly upward. In the former case
the shell darted instantly to earth, and
the throw fell as much short of the
average heaving of a pebble as the more
scientific skim would have exceeded it.
-Scribner's
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08
On the Right Scent.

A burglar one night not long ago broke
into the house Of a London physician
and made SO much noise that he awoke
the doctor. The latter at once started
on round of investigation and found
the burglar in his consulting room. Pick
ing up the first thing at hand-a bottle of
peppermint-he hurled it at the intrud-
er and it broke on his back. The thief
got away, however. and the only clew
the police had to work on was the in
cident Of the peppermint. The next day
the detectives smelt every suspicious
character on their lists and soon had the
culprit. He was still reeking with the
odor Of peppermint when arranged in
court twenty-four hours later.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08
HORSES.


A few horses, like people, are bad
tempered and vicious by nature, but
they are more rare than human beings
OF that class. The majority of bad
horses are made SO by unkind or unwise
treatment, and most of the evil is done
while they are yet colts or in the pro-
cess OF breaking. A horseman can not
be too gentle.
The time to sell a horse, after Won
have raised him and made him ready for
market. is whenever you are offered a
good price for him, By holding for a
fancy figure you are very apt to let the
best customers slip by, and the expense
OF keeping will begin to rapidly dimin.
ish the possible profit.
1t is desirable to have the colt foaled
In the fall rather than in the spring. He
is then weaned in the spring. when fresh
grass is ready for him to feed upon.
Kept in the stable through the winter,
he can be trained and handled as he
should be from the very first. II he
comes in the busy season he is more apt
to be neglected.
Fast horsemen condemned the draft
horses as too large for the farm and too
slow for the city streets. while for fire
engines and the express wagons the
American trotter was the only suitable
horse; the clumsy draft horse could
never be Of any practical use. How
much they were mistaken.
The only way to feed grain to horse
economically, SO that he will get the
most good from the amount consumed.
is to feed it after the stomach has been
partly filled with coarser food; then d.
gestion and assimilation will be more
complete; but these minor things are
those Of which the average farmer never
thinks.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08
AGRECULTURE,

The best use to which commercial
fertilizers can be put is to promote the
growth of a renovating crop, that the
influence may be felt for two or three
years to come, II used upon a market
crop the land receives no permanent
benefit.
To make good gravel road the earth
bed must be well drained; and when it
is once graveled the draft power required
to move a given load is only one third
as much as is required upon a dirt road
in the same average condition.
II you cannot give your land both the
manure and the thorough tillage, give it
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08
HORTICULTURE.

Celery and asparagus are the two
vegetables most rarely seen in either the
farmers or the village garden, yet there
are none which will better repay the
trouble of cultivation. Then. one is the
first vegetable to come in the spring,
while the other is the last in the fall.
They help to lengthen the season.
Some farmers. who seem sensible in
most things, handle their orchards as if
they did not know that any trees were
growing there. They pillow. grow crops
which impoverish the soil, or use the
orchard for pasture, as if the trees we're
no more to be considered than fence
posts. No wonder their trees become
discouraged.
Flowers and shrubbery add much to
the value of home, but it is true that
not every farmer can spare the time
needed for their proper cultivation, and
it is better not to plant at all than to
neglect them atterward; but there yet
remain trees and grass, the commonest
things which can be used Cor ornamental
ton. and the most effective.
1t has been demonstrated by the most
careful experiments that bees do not
puncture grapes to get at their juices
but attack them only after the birds
have done the puncturing. Plant the
vineyard and the apiary together; have
the stands sheltered by the vines. with
out any injury to either.
Fruit spurs upon the limbs and
branches Of trees produce large num-
Der OF leaves for the protection of the
branches. The sun is hurtful upon the
unprotected surface. Thoughtless prun-
ing not only binders the production of
fruit. but proves serious and direct in
jury to the tree.
The best methods of preventing the
evils which are inseparable from ex-
cessive or injudicious pruning is to COM
mence when the trees are young. and
by rubbing off buds and cutting back
small twigs constantly keep the form
and growth under control. There will
thus be check to neither the vigor nor
the fruitfulness of the tree.
Celery culture is much easier matter
than people used to think. There is no
need of setting the plants in trench.
Have the soil rich. start them on level,
and bank up as needed, only do not put
much soil about them while the weather
is warm, as it will cause rust Get the
plants out in time.
Fifteen hundred currant bushes may
be planted on an acre. With good cul-
tivation each plant should produce four
quarts of fruit, which will sell in most
markets at 10 cents or more a quart.
Under proper conditions very few fruits
are more profitable. They need deep,
we'll cultivated soil. with plenty of
moisture.
II you contemplate selling your farm
within the next ten years, by all means
plant fruit. First, good apple orchard,
and then pears, peaches, plums, cher
ries and ounces. Divide an acre up
among the different berries. including
few hundred currants. People will
soon begin to ask your price. Very
likely your reply will be, Il do not care
IN sell"
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08
Selected Story.
ON DUTY.
BY PRISCILLA LEONARD.

IT'S a bad case" said the doctor;
"and tho he has magnificent con-
stitution, he's played such tricks with
it in the last few years that hardly
think it will pull him through. We
shall know better before tomorrow
night one way or the other. AS for
yourself, Miss Mary, you're hardly fit
to nurse him; you're tired out. Do
you think you can stand the strain
tonight"
Mary's lips frightened little. 81
can stand it, Doctor" she said, in the
tone that a woman uses when she
knows that she is on her last reserve
of strength, and resents any ones
else knowledge of it.
~ doubt it" said the doctor. He
admired Miss Mary, and he was sorry
for her. He paused at the door as
he went out. Look here, Miss Mary,
don't kill yourself over this case. It's
burning shame you have to do it at
ALL"
Something in Mary's eyes stopped
him there. 1t was not anger so
much as hurt and beseeching pride.
"Well, WE'LL" he said, "you under
stand what to do-the stimulant and
the medicine and the nourishment-
it will keep you busy every half-hour
through the night. I am coming
round early in the morning, for l
have another case in the neighbor-
hood; young Ford, you know splen-
did younglfellow, only son, the very
apple of their eyes! He'll fight it
through, I think, tho; he has two
chances where your brother-in -law-
we'll, we'll hope for the best" and the
talkative old doctor went off on his
rounds, leaving Mary to go back to
her patient.
1t was before the days of trained
nurses, and she was nursing the case
alone. She was tired out. She felt
it as she dragged herself up the
stairs. She felt it anew as she en-
tered the darkened sick-room, and
shrank almost with SILVER from the
the feverish, unseeing gaze of her
patient, as she took her place by the
bedside again, so tired out that she
could not summon sympathy or hope
to strengthen her in her watching.
The foundations seemed to be giving
way under her, soul and body, at the
thought of the long hours before her.
The patient stirred uneasily upon
his pillows. He was large, strong,
handsome man, with heavily nodded
features, whose ford coloring was
heightened by fever. Herbert Waters
was counted a fne-looking fellow,
but his sisterin-law had no pleasant
dSSOcldIlOub WIFI HIS uuou6Q ldC6J DIS
she sat there and looked at it. 1t
only brought back to her the long
succession of trouble, neglect, sordid
quarrel and brutal self-indulgence
that had followed steadily since his
marriage to Helen, fifteen years ago.
Now, Helen was a well-nigh help
less invalid, off at a rest cure when
this fitness struck her husband down,
and too weak and frail to be allowed
to come back, or even be told fully
of his condition. The tears came up
into the sister eyes as she thought
of Helen and the two little ones.
Helen, so brave, so sweet, so forgiv-
ing, so infinitely patient, yet worn
out, wearied, pushed past patience
and forbearance, at last, into an ex-
hausted acceptance Of acknowledged
defeat. And the children - frail,
tender little creatures, needing many
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08
FARM, GARDEN AND DAIRY.
Instructive Reading for Agriculturists.
PREPARED EXPRESSLY FOR "THE UNIvERsALIsT."

the tllage. There is much latent fer
tility in the soil which may be BROUGHT
into use by cultivation. We do not as
inmate the value of culture; there are
vast stores in the soil which only culture
will develop
IL is Jolly togrow and sell crop with
out considering its cost: to winter apv
stock which cannot pay for its feed; to
feed SO sparingly that you merely sus.
tain life, instead of making a gain: TO
throw manure under the caves. WHARF
1t will leach out all winter; to keen ac.
count of the income and nav no attan
ton to expenses.
BEFORE giving up the farm for another
business which promises better returns
STUDY closely the chances for success mr.
failure. The farmer has his house rent
and his table supplies without deduct.
ing them from the profits of his bust.
ness. The business man is no better off
who is making twice as much.
The chances of failure in almost every
otner line OF business are greater than
In agriculture, as the farmer psnaIIv
can, IN even the worst season maka
enough for his support without cutting
into MS capital; but with the merchant
oad season means an inroad upon his
capital FOR the means of subsistence.
Fall blowing, wherever nature will
permit it, is one of the most effective
methods OF combating insect pests. By
depriving them of shelter and EXPOSING
them to the action of frosts great num.
bers will be killed off which otherwise
would come out in the spring vigorous
ana ready to attack the young crops.
Clean up the fallen leaves and rubbish
In orchard and fields which may collect
as early as possible. 1t is not only un-
slightly. but it furnishes a shelter and a
breeding place for innumerabIe vermin
and insects which will annov Won
another year. Burn all such waste. or
put it to good use in the compost heap.
Inc farmer needs his vacation as
much as the merchant or the preacher.
Beside the gain in the way of rest. he
Will see many things which will be of
proht If ne keeps his eyes open. He
Will get suggestions about crops and cul-
ovation, about different breeds of stock.
that ne can never get by staying right
on his own farm.
Glover should be the principal reli-
ance for the hog pasturage. but, if there
Is not sufficient of this, field should be
sown with oats, rye or barley to supple.
ment it. Sorghum and pumpkins
should also be grown to help out the
Ieeding later in the season, so that the
hogs may be ready for market without
so much corn as we have been in the
habit OF using in the past.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1896-08-08
CONCORD FIGHT.
BY RALPH WALDO EMERSON,

By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
Their flag to the ApriPs breeze unfurled.
Here once the embattled farmers stood,
And fired the shot heard round the world.
People's party paper. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1891-1898, 1896-07-10
eminent
Walker County.

Editor Peoples Party Paper;
The executive committee of the
Peoples party of Walker county met
at the court house June I'd, and fixed
Saturday, Aug. 1st, as the date for
holding district mass meetings for
the purpose of electiug delegates to
a county convention to be held Satur
day, August 0th.
The purpose of this convention is
to nominate or endorse candidates
for the various county offices, also
representative and State senator.
Dade and Catoosa counties are in .
vited to send delegates to this con
vention to aid us in nominating a
candidate for senator.
G. A. CHAMBERS.
Ascalon, Ga. June 6, 1896.
People's party paper. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1891-1898, 1896-07-10
ROckdale County.

The Peoples Party of Rockdale
County, are called to meet in Mass
at COnyers on the 18th of July 1896
a; o o'clock a. M, for the purpose of
electing delegates TO the State Con-.
vention to be held in Atlanta on the
9th Of August, also TO nominate
candidates for County offices.
+. M. AYERS
Chm. Ex. Com.
People's party paper. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1891-1898, 1896-07-10

! OMIT $12. 90.
Delivered to your railroad depot,
all freight charges paid. Read this
description carefully. This splendid
Cooking Stove is No. s; has four s
inch pot holes; 16x16 inch oven; IS
inch fire box, "a inches high; 21x25
! inch top; nice smooth casting. 1
have had this stove made for my
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all the good points of all medium
priced stoves, and leaving out the
Objectionable features.
/ Beyond all doubt the best No. s
Cooking Stove made, for the price.
4 Fitted with 2 pots, 2 pot covers, 2
skellets, 2 griddles, 3 baking pans,
3 joints of pipe, elbow, l collar, 1
litter, / scraper, cake polish, 1 iron
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of introducing our business to new
\ people, and to renew our acquaint-
/ ance with old friends.
We will ship this splendid Cooking
Stove and the above described ware
to any depot, all freight charges
paid, for only $1S.oO when the
I cash comes with the order. This
] stove is a good one, well made, and
will give entire satisfaction. Our
illustrated catalogue of Furniture,
Stoves and Baby Carriages mailed
] free. I'll Address
1 IT. r. PADGETT
$40 BROAD STREET, AUGUSTA, GA.
People's party paper. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1891-1898, 1896-07-10
Its a Family Fight.
Eiitor Peoples Party Paper:

| AN5 81 a thAliS "a ASa
E litor Peoples Party Paper:
l see in your issue of June 26,
clipping from the Liberty County
Herald that says the Pops are com
ing back to the Democrats all over
the state and mentions Tattnall ooun-
ty in particular.
Now, Mr.. Editor, I would like to
know upon what the Herald bases
that assertion. Il is true that we
the Pops, are lying idle laughing at
the Democrats fight over one of the
planks in our platform. 1t is fam
lily fight with which we will not in
terfere. 1t is funny to us to see the
same fellows who fought US so hard
for the last four years trying to get
upon our platform. They are
ashamed to walk right up in front
like men and acknowledge that we
are and have been right and they
wrong, but they are trying to climb
up the back way, take our platform
and then hollow free silver aud say
we are coming back. Such bosh as
this makes me tired. Coming back
where, to what, to faction of a fast
decaying partyP No, not a bit Of
such STUFF.
II they are In earnest and want
free silver common sense will teach
them that their only course is to fall
into line with us, the only party that
advocates free silver, fall in and push
until we get to the top and then we
will give them what we think they
ought to have. Not run around and
want to drive, we will furnish true
and tried men for them to vote for.
We are not willing to risk the new
converts, they had chance in the
old party to give US free silver and
failed to do it. Some of the same
chaps are now wanting us to try
them again. Nc, brother, can't risk
you.
Now as for Tattnall county, we were
never more hopeful. 1t is conceded
by all fair minded men that if free
silver is right, then the Populists are
entitled to the credit of bringing it
about, and the better class of the
new converts will vote with us and
the goldbugs will vote with us be-
fore they will vote for the new con-
vert because we know the way and
the new fellow does not. They do
it upon this principle. No matter
how bad you hate to have the tooth
pulled when you see it has to come
you get some one to pull it that
knows how. They see that free
silver has got to come then they vote
for the man of free silver experience.
Then what can we expect OF the
Democrats when they are about
evenly divided nationally upon the
silver issue. When they made such
signal failure heretofore, what can
a man expect from fellow that has
fooled him so often. Then the sill
yer plank is not enough, we are I'M
alterably opposed to banks of issue,
We want U. S. Senators elected by
the people. We want general re-
duction in the expenses of the gov
eminent.
Now, before the Herald can look
for any help from us he will have to
climb up higher, then prove his faith
by his works and we will say unto
him, well done, and take him into
the fold. With J. X. Hines at the
helm of state there is no telling what
a majority we can give, much larger
than we gave him the last time.
TATTNALL POP.
People's party paper. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1891-1898, 1896-07-10

precedent and write me up in the
prints, after this article, then 1 wi |
laugh at his puerile cowardice and
leave him to the contempt that he
deserves. Respectfully,
j. NJ BLACKBURN.
People's party paper. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1891-1898, 1896-07-10
Mass Meeting.

The Populists of Jefferson county
are requested to meet in Louisville
July Goth, to elect a chairman and
to attend to other important bust
ness. f. M. AvRIrT, Chm.
People's party paper. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1891-1898, 1896-07-10
s'GREATEST ON EARTH"
Dr. Niles Restorative Nervine.

Mr.. R. T. Caldwell, is book-keeper in
the First National Bank of Fulton, Ky.
81 was completely run down, My nerves
became so unstrung through loss of sleep
and worry that felt sure / would be COM
PEELED to, give up my position. | would lie
awake all night long, and it took but little
People's party paper. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1891-1898, 1896-07-10
TEN DOLLARS

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