davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02

called to meet at Clarksburg September
3, to act on proposition to fuse on the
electoral and state tickets.
Among recent nominations for the state
senate have been the following: L. s. New
man, democrat, for the counties of Marion,
Marshall and Wetzel: Oliver S. Marshall,
republican, for the counties of Hancock.
Brooke and Ohio; DR.. Avis Watts, demo-
crat. for Wayne, Cabeli and Putnam; Geo.
c. Cole. republican, for Randolph. Lewis
and Cpshur. For the house of delegates,
John L.. HasSam, democrat Tyler county:
+. H. Core, republican, Pleasant county;
Lon F. Bowling, democrat, Putnam county.
Judge /. w. Lansing of Lincoln. Neb, and
Patrick O'Farrell of Washington. u. c..
under appointment of the republican ma
tional comnittee begin a ten days speak
ing tour of this state September >. Capt.
Jack Crawford the poet scout. is scheduled
for week. beginning September 81. Sem
ator Thurston of Nebraska speaks at Wheel
ing September IL. the state committee
has numerous orators in the field. including
Senator ElkinS. Hon. II. c. kerens. State
Senator Campbell. c. Il. Hart, Geo. {.
Sturgis, s. c. Burdette and the congress
sional and state candidates.
The democratic speakers are slower get
ting into the field Among those now cam
paigning John o. Pendleton, eX-Gov.
Wilson. John L. McGraw and Col. W. w.
ArnetI.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
FOR THE WHIST LEAGUE TROPHY.
Order in Which the Eighteen Clubs
VIII p:ny

Drawings for the right Of precedence in
play for the American Whist League trophy
for lS36-9I We're held at Providence. RI,
yesterday at the office Ct the president Of
the league, Walter II. Barney The order
OF the clubs is as follows
First, philadelphia Whist Club, Phila-
delphia; second. New Jersey Whist Club cf
Newark; third, NarraSansett Whist Club
OF Providence; fourth. brooklyn Whist
Club, Brooklyn; fifth. Hamilton Club of
rh.iadeiphia: sixth, Boston Duplicate
Club of Pougfkeepsie: eighth. Baltimore
Whist Club; ninth. Capital Bicycle Club Of
Mashi gton; tenth, Wilmington Whist
Club; eleventh, American Whist Club of
Boston: tw elfth, knickerhocNer Field Club
o. BROOKLYN; thirteenth. Park Club of
Plainfield. Nj: fourteenth, Staten Island
Whist Club New Brighton: fifteenth. Al
hany Club sixteenth, Newton Club: seven
teenth Columbia Athletic Club. Washing
ton; eighteenth, Albany Chess and Whist
Club.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
MARKET IN TRANSIT.
Important Decision ny the Interstate
Commerce Comsnissi0n.

The interstate commerce commission, in
an opinion by Commissioners Clements. has
announced its decision of. the ease of the
omaha Commercial Club against the Chi
cago. Rock Island and Pacific Railway
Company and other carriers between Texas
points and Omaha. Kansas City. 81. Louis
and other Mississippi river points and Chi
cago. Ii is held that carriers have no
right to disregard distances and natural adj
NanitSes for the purpose OF bringing about
commercial equality. The practice, ii law
full, of giving to Kansas City, on ship
mcnts from the west through Pueblo. Colo
RADIO Springs. Denver ana Cheyenne. ur
from the northwest through cheyenne.
rates not higher than on such shipments
omaha rates from Texas points not higher
than those to Kansas CitN-th- Circum-
stances and conditions in the TWO cases
being substantially IiSsimilar
Through rates are matters of contract
between carriers composing through lines
and the commission has no power 10 COM
pei connecting carriers to contract with
each other.
IF. in cases of shipments under q
through hill of lading and a through rate,
the privilege Of 'stoppag" in transit at an
intermediate point and trying the market
there. and. if ii bc found unsatisfactory of
reshlppirg on 10 the point of original des-
tnaJion at the baldGcr of the through
rate, be lawful the granting OF il TO one
locality and denying OF * 10 another UNI
der substantially similar circumstances
would lee an unjust dis Elimination against
the latter
The maximum class rates between
Omaha and TEXTS points should not he as
high as those between Chicago and Texas
points, and should not exceed those be-
tween Davenport, Rock Island and Moline
and Texas points. and the rate on syrup
from Omaha should not be in excess Of
that from Davenport.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02

The bicycle road race to River View for
the three prizes offered. by Captain f. S.
1tar dali is attracting much attention among
the bicyclists of Washington, ana already
about fifty entries have been handed in for
the race The start will be made from the
Eastern Athletic Club house at $50 pm
September +. and Will he a go-as-you-pIease
race, the three riders first entering the
gates at river View getting the prizes,
valued at s1'. Sc and 81, respectively. The
entry books will be kept open until to-
morrow night at o'clock, and those riders
who desire tc enter the race can hand their
names to Mr.. J. NJ. Ober,g 40 sth street
sou, heast; or to Captain e. S. Randall.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02


The Louisville club, with Capt. Jack
Crooks ard Jimmy Rogers. will be with
us this afternoon.
The Louisville club yesterday signed AL.
Johns on, the brilliant captain and second
baseman of the Augusta team of the New
England League. He will probably play
today.
Boston has released Pr :her Yerrick
AS fielding and batting pitcher Orth
has few equals.
Lynch was nearly done up in the first in
ring al Philadelphia yes-ardiy--i foul ball
off DelehantyS bat Str.i,k his mask. A
bandage graced Mr. Lynch's head during
the remainder of the game.
Manager Hanlon says hat while it was
tue that Donnelly had not done himself
justice in the Cleveland series, he attribut-
ed 1t very largely to the fact that the
crowd had been calling time and again for
McGraw, and trat that disconnected Don
nelly, and made him nervous.
La joe has played sixteen games with
the Phiiies. in which he mas made a bat
ting average of .2Si, having scored thirteen
runs and made tweEty-G"o hits He has
accepted H.; chances without an error. His
batting is steadily improving, ami he looks
ike the best find of the ycar-New York
Evening TELEGRAM.
SO far as looking after smallest details
of position is concerned.' SAYS President
Young. 'Emslie is the best man on the.
staff. He comes here ',"ia-e the sn,so,
opens gives me list of the twelve hotels
at which he will stop during the season,
receives his Instructions, and is off and
IRON that time until he close of the sea
son it is not necessary for me 10 see him
again.
Mctiraw threw the BAH into the grand
stand at Baltimore Yesterday, and it was
thrown out again by spectator. Doyle
got 1t, threw ii to Hoffer il, the. box no
threw to Robinson. catching LYONS at III.
plate. The champions "la:ul.d that il was
Il pam blocked bah. and WIS again in play
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
English Papers Congratulate Loril-
lard.

LONDON, September 2-Au the papers
congratulate Mr.. Pierre J,orillard on the
clever win of the Peveril Of the Peak
stakes at Derby yesterday by his horse
Diakka, adding that the present form of
American horses is good enough to en-
courage the visitors to continue racing In
England.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
Crack Shots CONNECTING

BUFFALO. N. Y, September. "A four
days international shoot has opened at the
Audubon Park. All the well-known cracks
of the country are present. The shooting
was at Blue Rocks, eleven events being
pulled off. The interest of the meet CEN
tered in live-brd matches which bagin
Thursday. The principal winners so far are
Slower, Richmond, Forester, Fulford, May,
Eeyer, Parker and Elliott.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02

Miss Clara Barton, president of the
American Red Cross Society, decided not
to sail for the United States on board the
steamer Servia yesterday, as she had in
tended doing. This change in her plans is
due to the character Of the news received
from Turkey.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
CHICAGO.

Totals. II - Is 9 Totals G c313
One cit when winning scored
Washington o 0 o o 3 o o . 2-7
Chicago -..----... o l o 5 0 0 o %
Earned runs Washington. ;: Chicago : Two
base hit>-Mct 'o-niick King. Donohue. Three base
hits-Er"wn PETER. Stolen base -Selbach Double
I'ays-DeMont to Cartwright: Mcclure to O'Brien
FIRST has" on has-Off Norton. - of Briggs =: on
King. /. Hit by pitched ball-Lange Struck out
I:y Briggs. I. Passed ball-Mctiuire. Wild bitch
Er==s. Time-one hour and ffty-nine minutes.
I'mIirc- Sheridan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
No Letters by Express.

In response TO query from Austin,
Texas, Judge Thomas. attorney general for
the Post oIfioe Department, holds that 1t
is unlawful to send an ordinary letter by
express, or otherwise, outside OF the mails,
unless it be inClosad in a government
stamped Envelope. Ii is aided that ii is
also unlawful To inc lose 4 les:.r in an ,k-
press package unless l. pertains wholly to
the contents Of the package.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02

, fllTHta F!!ns-Wa shington. ?; chicago. B. Two
base hit-Ryan Three-base ht-Smith. Stolen
bases brMont, Evcritt LaIge, Dahen, Cartwright
~. Double pay-Daicn o PETER to Arson First
nase on halls-On Mechanics. 3: off Griffith. L.
Struck out-By McJames, =; by Griffith. 3. Passed
hail-Farrcll. Time-One hour and fifty minutes
L mIrt.-ShprdDu
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
placing hits scientifically the Giants took
the second. 81,

Earned Cleveland l. New York. /. First
has" by crrors-CIcvcland, = New York. I. Left On
ils-Or Cuppy =: OF seymour. 4. Struck out
BY Cuppy. /; by seymour. J.: Home Blake. |
Twobasa hits-Jnycc. Davis. Wilson. Sacrifice hit
-tieason. Stolen bases Nc Nicer, OCpnIor ~. |
Teheau. Double Hurkeu and Zimmrr; /!
Cilds. McNea and OConnor: Gleason and Clark |
Passed hall Wilson. Umpires- Henderson and
Campbell. Time-One hour and hftyright minutes. |
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
Orioles Managed tn VIM

Almost constant wrangling marked the
MISUNDERSTANDING game. Umpire Lally
old not seem to please at all and matters
were decidedly unpleasant for the master
of he field. The champions barely man
aged TO win.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
AIahoncy Must BE ncbarred

The faculty of Georgetown University
have notified Manager Berry that George
A. Mahoney, familary known as big
Nike" must be debarred from The George
Town University base ball team on account
with the town team of Corning N Y
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
CURRENT SPORTING NOTES
Record of the Clubs.
TOtlay'S Schedule.

TOila!'s Schedule.
Chicago at Baltimore.
Cincinnati DIT New York.
Cleveland at Brooklyn.
PittsburS at Philadelphia.
st. Louis at Boston.
Louisville at Washington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
Victory Evenly Divided at BROOKLYN.

Brooklyn and St Louis also took an even
slice of the cherry pie. In the first Harper
held the Browns down to five hits. while in
the second the situation was reversed. the
hits off BIeitenstein amounting to five
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02

Boston and Louisville played two games
and, Tx" Washington and Chicago, split
even. A home-run hit, with two men on
bases. by Cunningham decided matters in
the second contest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
SElt\D CAME


/. uisviIIc ~ q , q = n " "
Earned Louisville 4: Rostop . Twob.s.
-. Long. Hamilton Miller. Tlrcc-hase hits
,+'iiihN. I"i,@ Hon" run Cunningham. Stolen
f-s'# Hamilton ~. Rogers ItoHhl. PLAYS Col
irS Ions: and Fucker: Long and Tucker: i.ihnso;I.
D"iih aI"i l;os"rs First has" On balls-,.H ,un-
ni't''t. =: of l"rfi"k. >. Hit Ky pitcher Tlckn-
Hamilton: Struck 'nt BY Yerrick, l. Timc~T'wo
h"uis. Umpire Hurst
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
BROOKLYN.

base by errors brooklyn. =. Left On bases ST.
nhlis, .; brooklyn. T. First base balls-Of
Sloch Three-l'ase lts-Dowd. Cnrcoran Sacri-
ice hit. l'arrott. Murphy. Stori, l,ars-Parrotf
plays Hart and lowd: douglass and Common Wild
pitches Harper. =; Hart. /. Tmr-One hour and
thirty eight minutes. Umpire Emse
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
The Second Gnme.

The second game was a decided disap-
pc ntment to the fans. McJames, who was
sent in to pitch. proved an easy mark for
the Ansonite sluggers, while the Washing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
SECOND EAME.
CLEEEI AND NEW YORK

Earned runs Cleveland, 1: New York. .. First
base 10y errors Cleveland. ,: New York !. Ief,
on biScs-Clevoand. .: New York. &. Struck out
by Wallace. 1; by Sullivan. :. Twobase hits Nc
k'an. Wallace, Gleason Sacrifice hit-Chil'ls
Stolen iaS,-Davis. Double play Gleason and
Clark. Um!ircs Campbell! ard Henderson. Time
one hour and tiftytw minutes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02

In New York the Giants and the Spiders
also took one each. The first game was
won by Cleveland in the eighth inning by
means Of a home-run hit by Blake. By
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
of the tenth congressional district to baya
to vote for Watson electors
Col. LfvingstOn's Fight.

Col. l.. f. Livingston has the hardest
fight of his life this year. He has three op-
ponents-Peek. a populist: Tom Cobb an
independent democrat, and j. c Hendrix.
republican. Cobb is the only one of the
three who can debate with Livingston. and
ne mas not Yet succeeded i'm getting the
representative TO accept a challenge 10 a
series of joint debates. Cobb SAYS that he
Is going 10 take up the Representatives.
,Scord ana Try TO confound him with 1t.
The colonel has met his record face 10 face
IN the past, and has always won out. Cobb
promises some lively revelations IN a sneach
"hlch ne is TO make here Friday night.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
SECOND GAME.
TotaIs. -. s122711 2 Totals. 49,. / 52115

fllfhet runs LoHs. .. First base by errors
St Louis. 3: Brooklyn. 2. Left Lases-St Louis,
Z: brooklyn. g. First base on balls-On Rrcitcn-
stein, l; off Kennedy. ,. Struck Out-By Brciten-
stein. :: by Stein. /. Thrcc-hise hits-Douglass
Gross. Sacrifice hit-Sh"ch. Stolen biscs-Parrott
Cross % Double playS-Corcoran, Anderson: Shin
die. Anderson; Mcfarland and Dowd. Passed balls
-Hurrcl, = Timc-One hour and forty-six min
utes. Umpire-Enlslie.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
Totals. 8 ID 20 ID 3 Total.... 613
eEatted for DIVER In tenth inning

cineinna, i. .:: :::::: Q 3 ooSG g g
Earned runs Philadelphia, 8; Cincinnati 8. Two
hxse aits-Cooley. Boyle, Smith, Ewing. Miller
Three-b'se hit-Ewing. Home runs-CcOley ,rth
!ajoie. Sacrifice hit Irwin. Left on bases,Phi;.'
deiphla. 5: Cincinnati. 8. Struck out-Boyl,
Double plays-Gallagher, Mailman and La toIe
Dwyer McPhee and Ewing; Smith and Ewing: Nc
Pho. and Ewing: First on errors CINCINNATI, E.
First on balls-Of Ortiz 1: off Dwyer, l. Umpire
Lynch. Time-Two hours and fifteen minutes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
T"!nls;..: ! II "a IL 3 Totals. oa1 !.
Wright batted for IIush"y in the eighth inning,
baltimore. .............. 0 0 1 0 NJ
1ittshurs .............. . o o o / I,

EARNED rlIns-Ealtimorc 3; PitsLurg. . Three
!. - hit-Mc''raw Two-hase hitS-I!"ftcr krcl'r,
h'sts-Ketler. Jennings. Doyle and lioifrr Stru,k
I ,ut by Hohcr. 3; Bases balls by Ilorer. 4;
by Hush"y. D Struck by pit,h"r-Hy Hotter. l.
Left On bases morc Z; Pitt>l,trg D. Double.
Jennings and Doyle: Mr'iraw and BOYLE;
Fly 'nd th';d"n Wild ptch-Iiu@h.y. /. Time Of
Sime-fwo hours AMI twenty five minutes Umpr.
-Lally.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02

The Phillies made it three straight from
Cincinnati. The home club tied the score
in the ninth and won out in the TENTH
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
1905 Pennsylvania Ave.
au5-wtf

Associated Press Report Now Taken.
The Norfolk News began Monday. under
the management of r. II. Hart. as success
or to the Evening News. to take the Asso-
Cfated Press service. The paper was well
received by the public. and much favor
able comment was made on its Geographic
report. which is greater than that of any
afternoon paper ever printed at Norfolk.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02
FIRST CAME
Totals. 10 II Ell !
'Bat;cd for Hill in ninth.

Earned runs-Louis, lille. =. Two-i,asc hit Ne
otsery. Thrc"-i,aS" hits-Coilihs. Clark. Hon"
fI' -IENicr stolen lrt,s-1 Hamilton. STREETS. Col
irs. Double play Sti,"ttS aud Tucker First has.
OF ha!iS-i:y lliil, .: hy STREETS. !. Struck ont
Ky HIN :; by SWEETS. =: Passed balls Dcx,rr.
III
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-09-02

Samuel T.. Bacon of Erie. Pa died in
Rio Janeiro from gastric fever Monday
night He was president o: the Bacon
Manufacturing Company of Erie. manu-
facturerS of bicycles.
Middletown transcript., 1896-10-24
The Baltimore synod.

The annual meeting of the Synod Of
Baltimore was held this week in Wesl
Presby Church Of Wilmington, be.
ginning on Tuesday. The Synod includes
all the Presbyterian Churches Of Delaware,
Maryland, the District of Columbia and
portions Of Virginia. There were over two
hundred ministers and laymen in attend
ance. Rev. J. r. Milligan was elected Mod.
orator to succeed Rev. Henry Branch, Of
Ellicott City, Md. The report for the Board
of Home Missions stated that 1874 mis-
sionafies had been employed by the Board
during the year. Ninety church building
have been erected by the Board to which
e,l79 members have been added on profess
sion Of faith and 4,3os by letter. Boxes
have been sent to American Missionari 4
by the Woman's Home Mission of tho
Synod amounting to $6,526 in value.
Rev. N. II. Miller of Newark, read tf q
statistical report for the New Castle Presby
terry which gave membership of Is min
listers, 81 churches with 6,797 members. 192
ruling elders. 50 deacons and 1854 mem.
bers Of the Sunday School. There are also
9 candidates for the ministry
Rev. De Witt Talmage. preached to a
large congregation Wednesday evening
The Synod adjourned on Thursday 10 meet
next year in Warrington D. G.
Middletown transcript., 1896-10-24
AT THE SHRINE

The cry is raised by Mr.. Addicks'l
worshipers that the suit brought
against the Bay State Gas Company is
political persecution, and because SEN
ator Higgins is one of the attorneys in
the case an effort is being made tc
prejudice voters in favor Of Addicks-
ism. Over year ago similar charge
was in court but was withdrawn be-
cause Mr.. Addicks paid the complai-
nant Mcdonald the money he wai
suing for and he found it to his inter-
est to withdraw the suit, being COM
paratiyely poor man and not having
money to sustain a law suit. 1t seems
that the present complainant, William
Buchanan, is wealthy man himself
and be does not propose to lose a large
sum by the Gas Company if he can
help it. He claims that bond for
81, ,50O, 900 In which he as bond holder
has interest, has been cancelled. A
year ago the Bay State Gas Company
filed a report showing that it had ST.
500, 900 assets on hand while now the
company claims to have in bank only
$50, 900. Mr.. Buchanan and his at
torneys allege fraud and temporary re-
ceivers have been appointed in five
states. The legal talent employed ia
such as to attract general attention.
The complainant charges that Mr.. Ad-
dicks has made way with the books
search having been made for them in
five states without being able to find
them. This Of itself looks like an at
tempt to disobey the order Of the
court. It is q case In which great in
terests centre and the claim that it is
merely for political effect disproves
itself by these interests and the attor-
neys employed. If Senator Higgins
were out of it no such idea would be
advanced, while be is but one Of the
attorneys. Senator Gray enters the
case without political bias, and Mr..
Wolcott and Mr.. Ridgley appear for
Addicks in the Dover registration
matter without such charge being
made against them though they are
both for sound money and against
barney Salisbury for the Senate. Both
Nh, Higgins and Mr.. Foster deny that
the case is ansthing oil her than busi-
ness matter, and this should settle the
false charges of the politician. 1t is
unfortunate that the case comes up at
this time to lend color to the claims of
the demagogues
Middletown transcript., 1896-10-24

members OF the caucus had been ap-
proach ed secretly with propositions ad
vantageous to themselves il they would
cast their votes for an individual to b
named. It was and has been under
stood that the men making that prop
osition were agents of the man who
to-day stands between the party and
success.
Q. In 1890 this man contributed
5000, 90 to the Democratic campaign
fund in Kent county and by it's use
Harry A. Richardson was defeated fol
Governor, and the Republicans lost the
State by that one act.
8. In 1895 he refused to abide the
decision of a caucus and conspiFed
with the Democrats to prevent the
election of a Senator.
4. When a majority of the citizens OF
the State believed that Col. Henry A.
DUPONT had been elected to the Senate,
he appeared at Washington with a
lobby to prevent his being seated, and
by combination Of Democrats and
Populists Col. DUPONT was refused his
seat.
3. In June 1895 through his following
in the city Of Wilmington he defeated
the election of a Republican Mayor,
making an alliance with Neary and
Dickey which holds good to this day to
the detr iment of Republicans in the
county.
6. In 1896 he proceeded to use money
at the primaries where it had never
been used before, to corrupt a vote
that had been as true to the party as a
Lincoln, q Grant or Mckinley, caus-
ing division which he has promoted
in every way, refusing all compromises
on candidates, forcing two State tick
cts before the people.
We believe that every statement here
made is strictly true. For which one
of them does any earnest Republican
Of this State contemplate rewarding
this man by casting vote for any of
the candidates of his ticketp Without
for one moment questioning the sim
cerity or Republicanism of many can
didates on the Union Republican
ticket we think that a vote for them is
an endorsement Of the above acts Of
treason, hence our opposition. But if
there were no matter of principle in
yolved we do not believe that they can
win and every vote so cast but fastens
the blight upon the party in the State.
We are not for faction, but for the
party, and we speak as we see matters.
We are willing to leave to the consci-
ences Of Republicans their duty 10 this
matter.
But to return to the beautiful Bible
figure which introduced this article.
IG will be recalled that the wisdom of
Solomon gave to the true mother the
care Of her child. Any thoughtful
reader must acknowledge that the false
claimant was not the proper custodian
Of the child. To have Civ en- the little
one of tender years to her would have
meant Its destruction for she had no re-
gard for it only wicked purpose or