davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
HANDY FRUIT LADDER.
One Can BE Made by Any Carpenter
Blacksmith.

One Can BE Made by Any Carpenter or
Blacksmith.
As a fruit-grower of over 20 years
standing, correspondent offers sug-
gestion to the readers of the Journal of
Horticulture in the matter of ladders.
AS shown in the illustrations there are
three ladders, each fastened at the top
to triangle made of three.quarter-
inch rod iron by single hinges, screwed
to the under sides of the ladders. The
material consists of rod of three
quarterback iron, three feet long, to
make the triangle. Six pieces of fiat
bar iron three-quarter-inch wide. with
eye or hinge made on one end, to be
screwed to the under side of each lad
der at the top by three or four screws.
Wood for the ladder sides inch by 2H
inches of the required length, rounds
of ladder of ash or oak. The width be-
tween the sides nine inches, to allow
two feet standing on the same round of
the ladder at the same time. The
hinges should be slipped onto the
triangle, two to each side, before it is
joined.
The ladder may be any length, and
for trees up to the ages of ten to fifteen
years they are much better than double
ladders, which must be made wide at
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23

ash, hackDerry, honest locust, box
elder, etc.. or whole row of any Of the
best of these where easily obtained. It
will be noticed that contrary to the
common idea, mixed row NAV be
beautiful. l have seen this verified
where, in clearing land, several kinds
were preserved without trying to have
the row straight. or by trimming up
a young growth that has sprung up
along the highway fence. Such was the
case in front of our own little place In
Michigan. Whatever others thought.
it was very pleasant to us to have in
plain view white oak, black and red
oak. linden, sassafras, butternut, she'll
bark, pignut, three or four kinds, all
sweet. and one fine bitternut, and last
in a damp soil, one grand, native elm.
in whose dropping branches the hang
bird annually swung his purse. Where
there was room, put in maple or
chestnut. and in narrower spaces a
white pine or Norway spruce. I would
not. however, recommend chestnut in
most Indiana soils.
No doubt many are preparing to plant
this spring, and should be well in
formed as to distances, kinds, etc.
Would it not be possible to send a
little circular to the county societies,
giving the proper information? Be-
ginners early always want to set too
close, often paying for or digging double
the number needed.
New York, after her long experience,
has made 20 feet the legal distance,
and Michigan law says not less than co
feet. These long openings may be
broken for a time with some small
tree or large shrub or evergreen, as dog
wood, service or Juneberry, mulberry,
papaw, red bud, blue beech, black haw,
mountain ash, purple fringe, etc. MUIR
sery trees are generally the best rooted.
In any case, set small trees and avoid
tail poles. have seen beautiful rows Of
golden and weeping willows, the latter
not hardy enough here. Lombardy pop
lar, also, should be avoided, as short
lived. There is a tree, however, that
grows like Lombardy that might be
substituted-the BOlena poplar. It ap-
pears to be hardy, as does the Carolina
poplar, very rapid-spreading grower.
Both are found in the nurseries. l
have not mentioned the cucumber tree
which is often beautiful, but am not
making a special point of naming the
kinds. would rather desire to press the
point of not planting too many of any
one kind. Take, for instance, long
stretch of any one kind of maple. The
monotony of so many trees almost ex-
actly alike may become Aresome, but
if the opposite side of the road has a
different tree, or the row of naples is
suddenly broken by elnls, walnuts, lin
dens or any other kind, you are ready
to throw your hands and cry eureka!
have seen this monotony wonderfully
relieved by inserting an occasional ash.
elm, wild cherry, or most any other
kind, and you feel like thanking the
thoughtful planter for his care.
Twill close by adding that, could pro-
prietors realize the immense increased
value of their farms, made by roadside
planting, probably no other inducement
would be needed.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
SCIENTIFIC GLEANlNGs.

Argon has at last been combined
with water by Prof. Willard, of the
Paris Ecole Normale. 1t requires
pressure of 200 atmospheres to do so.
A method of niclSeling wood has
been devised by the German chemist
Langbein, the wood being covered by
q thin coating of metal by either dry or
wet process.
Prof. Norton, of the Massachusetts In
stitute of Technology, has succeeded in
getting Roentgen photographs of the
liver, heart and lungs sufficiently plain
to admit of medical examination.
A French chemist has made a blue
soap which will render unnecessary the
bluing in the laundry. In ordinary
soap he Incorporates solution of anilin
green In strong acetic acid. The allkali
Of the soap converts the green into
blue.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
TREES FOR RoAosIDEs
rhey Add Very Materially to the Vslae
of Farm Lands.

chey Add Very Materially to the VslHe
of Farm Lands.
r. w. Steere, Carthage, Ind, before
the Indiana Horticultural society spoke
as follows:
In planting trees along our highways
the narrow roads in many places would
appear as one of the chief difficulties
to be overcome. have been accus-
toned to iour-rod roads, as in Michi-
gan all section line roads are, by law,
and most of the laid-out roads are the
same. This width allows the row OF
trees to be planted eight feet from the
fence, giving nice sidewalk for school
children and calling neighbors, AN i'm
portant matter on dirt roads. The rem
edv that suggests itself for narrow
roads is to set the row close 10 une
fence. in the field or out, with walk
outside of it. In the discussion OF best
kinds see that some recommend frult
trees. Experience has repeatedly shown
that this is a mistake. Where tried, |
have seen long rows of cherry trees
even Morelloes, dead or half dead.
Pears are subject to blight etc. APP
nile NAV be the best, but we VINO are
old know that their healthy, vigorous
life. at the longest. quite limited.
In such work it is well to look away
ahead, generation or so, to realaze
that the trees we plant may not be In
their prime, under 20, 30. so or more
wears. AS to kinds, it is pretty safe
rule to plant natives that flourish IN
vo,,r own section. Naples are good
most anywhere-sug maple pre-
ferred. but beware of too many OF one
kind. Let us remember that we are
planting for the public as well as our.
selves, and break the monotony py m
terspersing here and there Q walnut
tuliD poplar, oak, hickory, elm, linden
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
THIS IS WHAT SOME FARMERS CALL

am satisfied that at least One-Quarter of
all the roads are not worked every year.
This believe to be low estimate. This
estimate leaves 10000 miles of road ac-
tually worked during the year, or an
average expenditure of $50 per mile.
Now. if the provisions of the Flynn
bill. passed by the last legislature, to-
gether with some contemplated amend
ments. were enforced, we would have
a network of good roads extending all
over the state at small additional ex-
pense which would be great boon
to the travelling public and in time add
thousands of dollars to the corporate
wealth for every hundred expended.
The plan contemplated is to have the
roads OF the state divided into three
divisions namely: State, county and
and from one county into another. con
Meeting county with county, I would
classify as state roads, to be maintained
by state appropriations. The second
class should consist of the principal
thoroughfares of the county leading to
sdlu std Lc lOdAlS VI vi
These roads to be maintained by spe-
cial county tax under the direction of
the county commissioners, according
to the Flynn bill. I would also have
the state appropriation above men
toned placed at the disposal Of the
county commissioners, to be expended
according to the conditions of the above
bill. Said appropriation to be allotted
TO the county in proportion to the
amount the county itself raised for good
road improvement.
The third class would consist of the
smaller roads or feeders to the county
roads, which would be maintained by
the regular township tax, under the d.
rection of the supervisors, but upon
more scientific basis than is conducted
in some parts at present.-A. B. Dun
ming. in Good Roads,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
CHEAP WINDMILL.
Can Be Made ut Small Expense by AM
Ingenious Farmer.

Can no MADE NJ small ExpOn60 Dy ANY
Ingenious Farmer.
A windmill such as is portrayed below
can be made by any ingenious farmer at
trifling expense. For an upright to
place the windmill on, use six by six
inch elm scantling. Cut two-inch
strip four feet long from the center and
run it down on the cribbing of the well.
Two polls, "a, az were riveted through
upright to cribbing. Two braces (b)
of two by four-inch scantling make the
upright secure. To upper end of the
upright is bolted piece of old pump
piping about two feet long for the
sucker rod &c q to work through as
well as for the windmill to turn and face
the wind. The crosspiece upon which
the windmill works (d) contains q
hole just large enough to allow it to turn
easily on this pipe. The shaft from the
windmill to pitman passes close at one
side Of the pipe. The tail or yane Is put
on the opposite side Of the crosspiece
to the fan and balances it. To prevent
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
THE CREAMOMETEK.

mainder with warm water, which raises
the temperature and reduces the Wis.,
costly; in such case only half as much
cream will appear as the milk is to be
given credit for; for example, if the con-
tents of glass are half water and show
ten per cent. cream upon the scale, this
means, of course, 90 per cent. of the
milk. If the milk is the same each day
and is tested in the same way, there
should be little difference in the cream
shown. Tubes graduated specially for
this test are sold by dairy-supply firms.
The cream test furnishes good oppor-
tunity to look for sediment; If the milk
is not clean, dirt can be seen in the bot
tom of the cylinder. Care should be
taken to carry the tube quietly, so that
neither the cream nor the sediment
will be Observation-Disclosures of United
States Department of Agriculture.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
ORCHARD AND GARDEN.

In the fall is the best time to set out
rhubarb plants.
A few well-known sorts are the best
for q commercial orchard.
In buying trees good roots are the
most important item to look after.
With raspberries it will pay to re-
new the planting at least every four
years.
Sweet potatoes should be dug before
there is hard frost, as they are easily
injured.
Sort all apples carefully before send
ing to market. Get the best price for
the best fruit.
In many cases gardening and fruit
growing combined can readily be made
q practical business.
The ounce does best with a short
trunk, the top branching out few
inches from the ground.
The arbor vitae or Norway spruce
Is one of the best varieties OF evergreens
to plant for wind-break.
After the garden crops are harvested
plow up the garden and apply a good
dressing of well-rotted manure.
When quality of fruit is desired the
more branches and top you can make
the larger will be the crop Of fruit.
When garden seeds of any kind are
gathered be sure that they are thor
oughly dried out before storing away.
The sooner red and black raspberries,
blackberries, cnrrants and gooseberries
are set out the better. Early planting
gives better opportunity to secure a
good root growth before winter.-St.
Louis Republic.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23

the bottom to give steadiness, and
where bush fruits are grown under it
is difficult to find room for the two legs.
A single ladder is altogether out Of
place in young fruit plantation
The sides of the triple ladder should
be parallel-in fact. might be narrower
at the bottom if the ladders are wanted
for use where there is an underground,
thus making it still easier to find a
place for the three ladders.
In regard to use of these ladders, the
writer says: 81 have sets from eight to
sixteen rounds each, and find that inch
by 21s inch deal is quite strong enough
Cor the sides, and at that length and
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
Roads Buile bv the STATE.

Prof. H. Ii. Stone, NJ. A., of Emory col.
lege, Ga, in the Methodist Review, makes
an elaborate argument in favor of good
roads, and suggests that the state con-
struct in each county one road extend
ing in an east and west direction, and
one extending in a north and south
direction, and the roads of one county
to connect with the similar roads of
adjoining counties, so as to form con-
tinuous system of first-class roads ex-
tending over the state; these roads to
be carefully surveyed and located by
competent engineers, the cost fully es-
timated and the details of construction
perfected before the work is begun.
These roads would be object lessons
to the counties and stimulate them to
bringing up all their roads to the high
est perfection. The farmer will be es-
sentially benefited by improved roads
to market.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23

SHOWING METHOD OF JOINING.
weight the ladders are quite portable
and easy to be moved. It often hap
pens that two women can gather on one
set, when they can readily shift them
round the tree; or in the shorter lengths
a woman can freely work set alone.
I consider that one woman can gather
as much fruit by this method as two or
more can with single ladders. They are
as firm at the top as the ground Is, and
are not affected by wind. The ladder is
not patented, and can be made by any
carpenter and blacksmith. have had
them all lengths in use for 16 years,
and use nothing else on my 40 acres
of fruit. except, as the trees get older.
a single ladder for the top. OF course,
It will be understood that they are
drawn together for carrying about"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23

the main vane from holding the fan too
straight to the wind in storm, l placed
a smaller vane (e) at the side. Strong
winds press against the smaller vane.
turning the fan out enough to prevent
breaking. The crosspiece is six by six
inches. At about one-third of the dis
lance from the pipe to pitman is placed
a standard (g) for lever () to work on.
These parts were made by blacksmith.
NV windmill has been in operation over
a year and since placing the smaller
vane (e) on the side. ! have had no
trouble with it; before then, storm
would break the leaves.-Farm and
Home.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
al ROAD ..:ss5
KaSssFza 2sessH g SSS6
IMPROVEMENT.
LOTS OF MONEY WASTED.

which. II Properly Expended, Would
Build Fine Country Roads.
The problem we have to solve in Penn
.vlvania is to endeavor to utilize the
money and natural material at hand to
,be best advantage on our country
loads. There is money enough expend-
Cd in this state year by year which, if
iudiciously and practically used, in the
course of a very few years would pike"
all the principal thoroughfares in the
state outside of the cities and boroughs.
From the best obtainable statistics we
find that for the year ended May 81, 1895,
che road tax levied IN the several coun-
ties Of Pennsylvania, outside the cities
and boroughs. was $3.622, 7Os.76. This,
Of course. does not include Philadel-
mia county. The total mileage of pub
lie roads in the same territory is $4,000
miles From the best obtainable infor-
nation, confirmed by personal observa-
tion over a large section of the state,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23

Rotten cream or tainted cream can
MT make good favored butter. The
COW that gives large flow of milk is
the COW the farmer wants. Pedigree
without individual merit is not worth
the paper it is written on. The cow that
IS heated or EXCEED will not give milk
that will make good butter. Linseed
meal will make good butter; cotton
seed meal, ut least if too generously fed.
will make saIvey butter. The COW with
her third or fourth calf milks better
than she does with her first calf. Good
butter does not come from reckless
methods; it requires care and study at
every step. Feed well, give plenty of
good wateu. and be quiet with the cows.
Make the dairy study, at the fairs, IN
the agricultural press. by examining
the methods of your successful neigh
bors and by reading books on the SUBJ
aect.-W Western Rural.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
FOR STORING APPLES.

simple Arrangement That Keeps FruAs
Sound and Plump.
Inc apple harvest brings up the sub
!eSt OF the proper disposal of the fruit
"nen gathered from the trees. The ap-
p.e crop is large in many sections of the
S,UUultry this year, and prices will be
Aely to rule low-for the first part OF
sue winter, at least. Much fruit will un-
ttUuptedly be stored in the hope of bet
a. al price later on. 1t is important,
s nsfelore, to adopt such plan of stor-
nse as will keep the apples sound and
s an, and in possession of the best pos
'''e mayor. A cellar just moist enough
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23

The road system of Ohio is one ao-
mirably adapted to the end proposed;
the county paying a part OF the costs
and the property owners, within reas-
enable distance on either side, conpriD-
uting the remainder.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23

ew policy, for national prosperity, Tor
Individual rights and for the honest
honey of the people.
/ A vote fer Mckinley will be vote
)r continuation of the old policy,
br the perpetuation of business disas-
er, for the further growth of the
trusts, for-greater abuses on the part
If railroad corporations, for gold for the
ew and poverty for the many.
Workingmen of America, choose We
ietween the two.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
TRAYs FOR APPLrs.

Of iaeep the fruit from eyaporating any
he'll, II own juices, and capable of being
:. low temperature-iust above
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23

Have you stopped selling butter at
che country store9 You must, It you are
% make q success Of the dairy.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-10-23
A FINE ASSORTMENT AND AT THE LowEs5
PRICES.
to market.

A1rRepairing in all its branches done neatly
promptly and warranted.
mar TT: G. e. MYER.
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-07-19
A FLORIDA CELEBRITY.

Now on Her Way to Take London by
Storm.
The Florida celebrity is now on her way
to appear before Queen Victoria, the
Prince of Wales, all the little princes and
princesses, and the dignitaries of London,
in the great London Geological Gardens.
The celebrity is none other than Mrs.
Jock, sea- COW, captured in the st. Lucie
river, near the home of Senator Matthew
Stanley Quay several months ago An
account of the arrival of the sea COW in
this city, and the preparations made on
the big Clyde liner Comanche for her voy-
age has already been given.
The New York Press, of Tuesday, says
Though the White Star steamer No
madic is rated usually as a carrier of
freight, when she sails from this port to-
day for Liverpool she will take passen-
ger whose tastes are so particular that
the special services of the chief steward
the butcher and a deck hand had to be
guaranteed before it was determined that
she would make the voyage.
''She would be satisfied with nothing
less than quarters on the main deck, and
bath had TO be built there for her con-
venience, with promise that it shall be
filed twice a day with fresh water at a
temperature of 20 degrees, and once day
with salt water of equal warmth.
Her like is seldom seen in this coun-
try. She is only seven years DID, but
measures seven and one-half feet in
height-or length-and weighs eight hun
dred and fifty pounds. n
Though she is a sea-cow, with an ac-
cent on the second half of her generic
name, she is known to her inmates by the
masculine title, Jock. When Central
Park obtained a manatee something like
Jock, great stir was made over the ac-
QUESTION: but Jock is much letter tenn
pered creature, and might be described
as almost domesticated when her sleek
sides glisten with delight while she ac-
cepts delicacy, lettuce preferred, from
the hands of any visitor.
Jock is travelling at the expense of a
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-07-19
IT IS COSTLY.

1t is difficult to estimate the cost of a
Presidential campaign. There is no
doubt but what it might be measured by
millions of dollars, apart from the loss
involved in the general destruction of
business. 1t has been said that frequent
elections have their value in keeping
alive public interests in public affairs,
and in educating the people upon the
great questions that are to be solved.
But when we recollect that a great part
of the expenses of the campaign are spent
in badges, torchlight professions and
other appeals to the imagination and SEN
sation rather than to reason, it seems
probable that a very large part of this ex-
penditure is practically valueless so far
as the education of the people is CON
cerned, and is really spent to pervert
their intelligence. We have long had the
political boss, who has taken advantage
of his power to levy contributions upon
corporations and others interested in leg
islation, and also in procuring the spoils
of office for his "heelers,n but new fig
ure is now projected upon the political
stage, and that is 1.-The President
maker" Anybody who has followed the
course of Mr. Hanna, from the time when
he first appeared as the advocate of the
nomination of Mckinley, can easily I'M
derstand the dangers that will arise from
such Il course and career, as we'll as the
picture that it represents to other nations
as to the tendencies of Democracy: in
other words, that it develops the auto
GRAFT either as 'boss'' or a "President
maker. '--Independent.
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-07-19

W Every soc purchase gets
q ticket on the Cleveland
Sloo) Bicycle.
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-07-19
A FATAL DUEL.

Louisville, July 1S.A special to the
Post from Chattanooga, Tenn, says; Fri
day night at Admission, Ala, Warren P.
Rouse, formerly of Chattanooga, and
Nora Tanner, keeper of bawdy house,
fought duel with pistol and knife.
Rouse was shot twice and died almost in
stantly. The Tanner woman was cut to
pieces and died this morning
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-07-19
THE CITY OF CHURCHES.

Brooklyn may be the city of churches,
but apparently it has ceased to be the city
of church -goers. One clergyman in that
town has found it necessary to engage IL
military band to give concert in his
church Mt each service in order to attract
the people.
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-07-19

DV NnGV days dispose this entire stock Of Clothing and Flu
building has oeen notified that the
MEMS SUITS have divided into three different
sold advertised shall
the benefit of this
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-07-19

BY THE SAD SEA WAVES.
He-So you prefer the society of girls
to that of men?
She-Why, no. What made you think
that? -
He-I heard you intended to spend the
summer at the seashore. Date.
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-07-19
SUMMARY.

Earned runs---Richmond, 1; Roanoke
1. Three base hits--Fleming. Two =
base hits-Sholta, Groves, Fender, Kahn.
Bases on balls---Oif Tannehill none; off
Coons 4. Left on bases--Richmond s.;
Roanoke |. Struck out-By Tannehill l;
Coons 2. Double plays--Berte, Sholta
and Fender. Stolen bases Groves, VioX
(2), Pender (3), Sanford (2) Boland. Kahn
(2). Time of gameOne hour and fifty
five minutes. Umpire Behan.
THREE STRAIGHT.
Lynchburg, Va, July 19.-Lynchburg
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-07-19
Al LOUISNILLE.''
AT ST. LOUIS.
HUNTING FOR MONEY. =,

Paris, July 1S.-.Li Hung Chang Wis
tied the Credit Lyonnais Bank to-day.
The distinguished Chinese statesman said
that China intended to place great loan
soon, but decided to deal directly with
the banks and not through an interme
diary