davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
FIG. 1.-GRAFTING KNIFE.

me that the best time to cut gratis, if
one does not need any great quantity,
is at the time they are to be inserted,
always provided that the buds are not
too far advanced, in which case they
should be cut in April and preserved in
damp sand or sawdust. For cions, cut
only the last years growth from the
end of a bearing branch.
Sawing.-In saving off branch, the
CRATER should bear in mind the future
shape of the tree, and not saw too close
to the trunk, not saw off branches more
than three inches in diameter, and not
saw one limb above another, so that the
growth will interfere. In case of
heavy branch, which is liable to split
down, saw under few inches above
where you wish to leave your stub, until
the saw begins to pinch, then saw from
the top at the place selected, and there
will be no splitting. Make a smooth,
clean cut.
Whittling.-Cions should not exceed
a lead pencil in size. Take the twig in
your left hand, and placing the knife at
the side of the bud, draw it toward the
end, the cut terminating at the pith, the
bevel being perfect. Serve the opposite
side in exactly the same way, taking
care that the wedge is little the thick
est in front. There should be about an
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
ORCHARD AND GARDEN.

Peach trees do better when well Gull
tivated.
Generally there is no advantage in cul-
tiyating the orchard deep.
The gooseberry fiourishes best in deep,
moist, but not wet, soil.
Pears need n rich soil. Lack of fer
tility is often the principal cause of fall
ure.
With care raspberries may be grown
in the same soil for years and yet pro-
duce good crops.
On the production of an overcrop it
costs the tree more to ripen seeds than
to make the fruit.
BY planting in long rows and cultivat-
ing with cultivator, Strawberries can be
grown as cheaply as potatoes.
Grapes grown in a clayey soil arc
darker and more glossy than those
grown on gravely land, but the sweet
est grapes grow in a gravely soil.
Give trees plenty of room if you would
have them thrifty and vigorous and beay
large, well-matured fruit--St. Louis
Republic.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
How Deep to Plant seed.

The depth at which seed is planted is
Important, and the smaller the seed the
nearer it must be to the surface. If
planted too low then the seed may not
obtain oxygen, or, even assuming that
1t did, it will exhaust its cotyledon, or
reserve food, before it is sufficiently
above ground to live on the atmosphere:
hence it dies. The larger seed contain
ing a greater quantity of store food,
can last longer before exkausting its
cotyledon, and so may be planted
deeper. The smallest seeds, such as
grass seeds, are spread on the surface
of the land; larger seeds, like mustard,
are sown half an inch deep, and the
depth will vary with increase of size
and popularity OF structure to two
inches.-Farmer's Voice.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
-AGRICULTURALHINTS
sTgEL-TRAckEo ROADS.

Money and Labor-saving Device of q Well
Known New Yorker.
Ex-senator John O'DonneII, formerly
a railroad commissioner of New York,
has devised a system of steel-track high
WAYS which he hopes to see adopted
by the rural communities of the country
as set-off to high freight rates by rail-
ways
On an ordinary macadamized high
way, two steel cutters, each five inches
wide and half an inch deep, are laid on
longitudinal stringpieces and cross
wooden ties at a width of feet sHs inches
from center to center. To insure per-
feet drainage, side channels are con-
Quoted at frequent intervals from these
cutters to the outside of the road.
Afr. O'DonnelI quotes from the De-
cember bulletin of the road department
at Washington to show that 313, 349, 227
tons of farm products were hauled over
country roads in one year at cost of
S663, 1863, 900, or about "a per cent. of the
total value of the products. Nearly
two-thirds of this amount could be
saved by good roads.
The following example is quoted by
Mr.. O'Donnell to show the prospective
advantage to be gained from the use of
steel-track cutters:
at a point on a connecting lateral
road with the New York Central, 20
teams in the fall of the year delivered
20 loads of cheese from the factory IL
miles from the railroad. The average
load was 1000 pounds. 1t took all day
20 deliver the $4,000 pounds of cheese
and return. On a steel-track road that
cheese could have been delivered by one
team in less time and in better condi-
ton, thereby saving 10 teams and 10
men, fairly worth $57. But this is not
all. This cheese was shipped to the con-
meeting point on the Central, SO miles,
at 20 cents per 1OO-S64. On a steel
track road three teams would have de-
Evered it and returned in three days at
$3.50 per day, or $3.50, saving $3.50,
and, if loaded back at the same rate,
the total saving would be sos. The mar
ket price of the cheese at cents per
pound was 1886, and the loss by reason
of roads and rail charges was over one
third the price obtained"
Mr.. O'Donnel calculates the cost of
making a single steel-gutter track road
at from $4,000 to 5000 mile.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06

heaviest to be obtained), and rests upon
the top of the brickwork, so that it can
be raised and removed. 1t has handle
at one end and a lip at the other, so that
it can be emptied directly into pals OF
tubs or can be pulled off the bricl<work
upon a wheelbarrow and wheeled away
to the barn or hog house. A light cover
sets upon the top when over the fire,
If the boiler is to be used out of doors,
it should be made of galvanized iron tc
prevent rusting. If the boiler is very
large, an iron rod can be placed across
the middle of the opening in the brick.
work to support the bottom of the boil
er. This arrangement will be found
exceedingly convenient where food il
often boiled for stock.-N. Y. Tribune.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06

ing utilized as storage for hay, grain or
other crops, this loft opening directly
into the second floor of the barn. The
wings may be used for the keeping of
any kind of stock-hens, pigs, calves,
colts or sheep. With such addition
to a barn, not only will the covered
yard, with all its advantages, be Sc
cured, but accommodations will also be
secured that win enable one to have all
the farm stock gathered into one place,
under one roof, virtually. This will be
found great labor-saving arrange
ment, and the covered yard thus Sc
cured will be adjacent to all the stock
quarters, and SO at once accessible to all
the stock. A tight board fence could be
built along the front if desired, which
would still further protect the yard
from wind. At either extremity of this
fence should be a gate, so that a farm
team could be driven in on one side,
loaded with manure and driven out on
the other side, thus giving an easy turn.
This addition can be built out to any
length desired, though it is to be re-
membered that the longer it is, the
darker it will be far within the yard.
matter that will afford no trouble with
a yard of medium size.-N. y. Tribune.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
SWAMP HAY PAVEMENTS

Its Durability LIS About to Be Tested by
the City of Baltimore.
Permission has been granted by the
mayor of Baltimore to lay sample OF
a new pavement, made of swamp hay,
in order to test its durability and to
ascertain whether it should be allowed
to compete with asphalt and other paw
ing material.
The material of which the paving
blocks are made is swamp grass, which
grows luxuriantly in the salt marshes
along the Atlantic coast. 1t grows very
compactly and in many places to a
height of six or eight feet. 1t is cut
at any time of the year except when
growing.
Laborers go into the marshes with
large, fat boats and cut the hay, which
falls into the boat as it is po1ed slowly
through the water. The material is
then put into bundles and cut up into
the proper length by machine SINH
lar to the ordinary hay cutter, with
which the boat is provided It is after
ward subjected to moderate pressure
and made into blocks by machine at
tached to the cutter, about inches
thick by 16 long and 20 wide These
are then fastened in the shape stated
by wires, very much in the manner as
hay is put up. Before the blocks are
shipped from the factory to their des-
tination they are treated with prep
aration of dead OIL" and they are then
ready to lay upon the street.
The cost of putting down the pave
ment complete, including the prepars-
ton of the concrete foundation, is given
at from $1.40 to $1-7O per square yard.
The cost will vary somewhat from sur
rounding conditions, the freight on the
blocks. cost of labor and cost of crushed
stone and other material for the founda-
ton.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
GRATING MADE EASY.
How Wild Trees Are Changed Into PRO
ducers of Fine Fruit.

How Wild Trees Are Changed Into Pro-
ducers of Fine Fruit.
Scattered over rocky, sidehill pas
lures, along fences, fields and frequent
ly in orchard rows, are to be found ON
almost every farm thrifty wild apple
trees, whose fruit is seldom fit for any
thing but the cider press. Yet these
very trees, with but very little outlay of
time and money, can be changed into
producers of fruit of the best varieties
by cleft grating. AS soon as spring
has really set in is the proper season to
do this work, and almost anyone, by the
exercise of intelligence, care and perse-
verence, can do his own grating very
successfully.
The Tools.-A full kit of grafter's tools
consists of a keen, fne-toothed, stiff
backed saw, thin, sharp knife for whit
thing, a light wooden mallet, a wax ket-
tie and a grating knife like the one
shown in Fig. L. The entire length of
it is 12H inches. Any blacksmith can
make this knife from an old file. Have
him taper the handle end down to q
sharp point.
Cutting the Cions.-Many farmers
have the notion that cions must be cut
in February, but experience has taught
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
BOGUS BUTTER DOOMED.
The French Republic Opens War Against
Artificial Compositions.

The French Republic Opens War Against
Artificial Compositions.
The French chamber of deputies has
passed very stringent measure with a
view to preventing fraud in the sale OF
butter, and, in the event of the senate
indorsing the bill, it seems as if it will
be impossible to palm off oleo or any
other composition as being the 'tgenu-
inc article" 1t is made illegal for deal
ers in butter to keep oleo for sale, or
vice versa; the fraudulent compositions
are only to be sold at places especially
assigned by the municipality of each
town. Moreover, all boxes, firkins OF
other packets containing oleo must
bear the word margarine in large
be given of the elements employed in
making the composition. In the retail
trade all oleo sold must be placed in
bags, on the outside of which is to be
found description of the article, with
the name and address of the vender.
Full authority is given to inspectors to
enter butter factories and shops, and
take specimens for analysis; in the
event of the specimens being found
pure, the cost will be borne by the state.
The penalties for an infraction of the
new law will vary from six days to three
months imprisonment, and a fine of
from SEQ to 81 900, while, in the event of
the same person being convicted a sec
ond time within a year, the maximum
fine will always be imposed There Will
also be heavy fine imposed on persons
who place hindrance in the way of the
inspectors
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
DAIRY SUGGESTIONS.

The dairy cow is more nervous than
the beef animal, and hence requires
gentler treatment
The little details of the dairy need
close attention, and unless it is given.
total or partial failure will result.
The fact that we can get more milk.
with less feed, from cows kept in warm
stables, is SO universally admitted as
to need no argument.
The cow before coming in needs some
attention She ought to be in thriving
condition by being fed oats or oil meal,
but no corn, as that is too heatirg.-
Farmers Voice.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
COVERED BARNARD.

v.tn re an Increased Amount of Stock
Can Be Kept.
The value of a covered barnyard is too
apparent to need extended argument
to prove its worth upon the farm with
it as a factor in farm management, IL
is possible to keep the manure from
teaching, even in the slightest degree,
and keep it also from that bane OF most
manure heaps, ..fire-fanging." With
the covered barnyard all the manure
can be wheeled out daily. kept covered
with litter, and kept SO closely packed
by the running of cattle upon it that too
rapid heating is not at all possible In
the covered yard there is, moreover, al
ways a chance for the stock to exercise
and secure fresh air, without exposure
to storms or cold winds. There is am
other use also to which the covered yard
may be put, in some localities, at least
Sheep that lamb in spring-not in the
winter-do not require exceptionally
warm quarters during cold weather.
As a matter of fact, many sheep-ralsers
are of the opinion that clothed with a
thick fleece of wool as they are, sheep
do better in cool quarters. With a COW
cred barnyard, inelosed on all sides ex-
cept the south, in many parts of the
country sheep could certainly be win
tered in the yard, and fed in racks at the
sides. In this way an increased amount
of stock could be kept on many farms
1t is fact, however, that most farm
ers will hardly be induced to cover their
yards because of the eNpense-the idea
of roofing all outdoors" not appealing
to them as profitable, though they may
be willing to concede the advantages of
the covered yard. A plan is presented
herewith that does away with some OF
these objections, for the addition to the
barn, which is shown in the cut, secures
covered yard incident in the Sc
curing of other barn and stock accom-
modations. The addition shown is vir-
tually two wings to the barn, with a
roof spanning both, the roof space be-
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
INCREASED MILK FLOW.
Upon Securing IL Depends the Prosperity
OF the Dairy.

Upon Securing H Depends the Prosperity
OF the Dairy.
One cause of failure to realize a profit
in the dairy is due to the small amount
of the milk secured. Some of the cows
may be extra mixers and give a Weld
both in quality and quantity that will
make her a profitabl COW to keep, but
in very many cases sufficient number
of poorer animals will be kept that
yield hardly sufficient amount of milk
to pay for their keep, and the conse-
ing does not pay.
In nearly all cases large Yields per ami
NAL mean a less cost in making them.
That is, the man that has cows that
will give yield of milk from which
400 pounds of butter can be made will be
able to put his butter on the market
at a less cost per pound than the farm
er that must own and keep two COWS
in order to receive the same amount of
butter. 1t may require somewhat more
feed to produce the 400 pounds of but
ter from one COW than it does the 200
pounds from one of the others, but the
food support is the same, besides the
extra investment, the milking and car
ing for the two cows instead of one.
Better cows is the truest remedy.
Find out by a careful trial which are
the best cows; select them out and
breed them so as to improve; fatten
and sell all that do not give profitable
flow of milk. Good blood lies at the
bottom. and while it is important it is
not everything; to good blood must be
added good feed and care, as feeding
and general care have as much to do
with increasing the product of individ-
ual animals breeding or blood.
Secure liberal quantity of good rich
milk and then give such management to
the milk, cream and butter as will in
sure good uniform quality of butter.
Reduce the cost of production as
fully as possible without reducing the
quality of the product Make only a
good quality of product and dairying
can readily be made to pay.-N. J. Shep-
herd, in Western Rural.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
Trees Cor a Young Orchard.

The most important point to observe
when setting out . young orchard is to
secure strong and healthy trees. Many
fruitgrowers import diseases on their
farms at the time of purchasing their
young fruit stock. Trees one year old
will often thrive better than those that
are older, and they are also more easily
examined Every tree should be care
fully inspected from the tips to the
roots and should be procured from
known to be reliable.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06

vented it last fall and used it in setting
out pear and plum trees:
A a are holes to stake planter down;
B, hinges; d, latch. Place C around
stake and stake down at A A. Turn
end (C) back over stakes "a AZ. Dig
the hole, place the tree in hole, turn
latch, as dotted line indicates; get tree
straight and fill in dirt-J- G. Congdon.
in Ohio Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
The secret of Success.

The magnificent roads OF Europe
which travelling Americans find so won
-derful are the result of scientific con-
struction and a thoroughly studied sys-
tenn of constant repairs.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
SIMPLE TREE PLANTER.

Used with Success in Setting Out Pear
and Plum Trees.
I send a sketch of device I use in
planting trees on North View farm"
1t may be useful to your readers. 1 in
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
HANDY FARM BOILER.

Almost Indispensable When Food Is Often
Boiled for Stock.
The ordinary farm boiler, or set ket-
tie, is unhandy from the fact that the
contents after each boiling must be la
boriously dipped out. The cut shows a
boiler that avoids this difficulty, for the
boiler itself is made of sheet iron (the
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06

Trimming makes the fruit of a much
better quality, makes it keep longer and
produces finer, more attractive and sala-
Bile fruit.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06

This is country of magnificent dis
tances. but many of the roads between
distant points aren't altogether mag
nificent.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06

Every time tree is allowed to mature
too much fruit it weakens its vitality so
that it requires two or three years to re-
cover.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06

1t is often hard to get new tree to
grow thrifty when surrounded by
those in bearing.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06

When it can be avoided do not prune
the grape vine after the sap starts.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06
systematic system of repairs.

The secret of the success of the fine
roads in France is attributed to the
prompt and systematic repairs made at
all seasons of the year.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-06

The Demand for Good Roads.
Good roads are likely to be more pop
1lar next summer than ever before.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-11-26

IHE MUSICAL, Literary and Dramatic
Entertainment to be given at the Opera
House November so, under the aus
pices of St. Vincent de Paul Society for
the benefit of the poor of this city, ir-
respective of creed, promises to be a
very fine affair. The following we'll
known artists from Washington have
volunteered their assistance Misses
Florence Henri King, Julia A. Seaman,
Mary z. Lockwood, Mamie Donnelly,
Bessie Driver, Blanche Muir, Anna P.
Walsh, DR.. E. G. Seibert, Mr.. w.
Fl. Conley, Messrs. E. J. Walsh and
George II. O'Connor, of the Carroll In.
stitute Dramatic Club, and Misses Mai
Greenwich and Mamie Dewitt, of this
city. The orchestra, consisting of some
of the members of the Marine Band,
will be under the management of Pro-
lessor E. R. Dunn, of this city. The
stage setting, &C., will be in charge of
ladies whose skill and taste in these
matters are well known. Let everyone
at least purchase ticket and thus con-
tribute a share towards this praise
worthy cause.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-11-26

The STRAsBURG BRANcH-The
through train service to Lexington
over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
will be terminated at midnight next
Monday. AT that time the Southern
Railway will take charge OF the Stras-
burg and Harrisonburg Railroad, which
has heretofore been operated as part of
the Valley Division of the 3. and O..
under lease. The Valley Railroad of
Virginia, which was built to bring to
Baltimore the trade of the Shenandoah
Valley, by this change will cease to
have direcct connection with Balti-
more.
The general opinion is that the South
ern will extend its run from this city and
Strasburg to Harrisonburg after Mon
day. The trade of the Valley will thus
again be open to Alexandria from which
city it was diverted in 1878. The Alex
andria merchants should do all in their
power to regain this trade.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-11-26

PERsoNAL.-Capt. p. H. McCaull,
with his family, has moved to Wash
ington for the winter.
MIR. S. r. Dshman and bride, nee
Miss Nellie Vincent, have returned
from their bridal trip to New York,
Niagara and Chicago, and are visiting
Mrs. Dishman's father, MIR. w. i. Vim.
cent.
Mr.. James M. Davis, of Fairfax, and
Miss Ida V. Lee were married last
night at the parsonage of the Baptist
Church by Rev j. II. Butler.
Mr.. Morris Desmond, an old citizen,
is seriously i'll at his home on north
Pitt street.
Mr.. Albert Brockett, brother of Mr..
Robert Brockett, and one OF the lead
ing business men of Alexandria, was in
Front Royal Friday.-Register.
Mrs Wheatley, the wife of the ex-
commissioner Of the District of Colum-
bia, will give tea in Washington on
Saturday in honor of Mrs. Fitzhugh
Lee.
Miss Sara Carroll Daingerfeld,
daughter of the late Reverdy J. Dain-
gerfield, and Observation-Disclosures of
the late Reverdy Johnson, of Balti-
more, will be married this evening at
her home on Prince street, this city,
to Mr.. Charles h. Carter, of Baltimore,
son of Mr.. Bernard Carter. The cere-
mony will be performed at $50 o'clock
by Rev. Father F. y. Mccarthy. The
only attendants will be MIR. Bernard M.
Carter, the groom's brother, who will
act as best man; Mr.. Reverdy ]. Dain-
gerfeld, the brides brother, who will
give her away, and Miss Eliza Dain-
gertield and Miss Charlotte DANGER
field, sisters of the bride, who will act
as bridesmaids. A number of friends
and relatives Of the bride and groom
from Washington, Baltimore, New
York and Philadelphia arrived here
this evening to attend the wedding.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-11-26

A LANDMARK GoNE.-While tearing
down the old time house at the north
east corner of Lee and Prince streets
Mr.. James w. Reed found pieces of
two one hundred dollar notes, a dag
ger, pair of brass knuckles and o cold
chisel and hammer. The portions of
notes were shown to bank officers who
stated they were of no value, they be-
ing of State bank issue. This old
building that has has been demolished
to make place for modern structure
will be remembered by many of our
older citizens as q mandatory when
occupied by the late Mr.. Robert RAM
say and many years later as the print
ing Office of Mr.. VIM. Stewart and his
successor, WIS. Hough, and others.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-11-26

The December quarterly of Tales from,
Town Topics has been received from the
publishers in New York, and, like all
its predecessors, is clever and bright and
without boring page. The novelette,
in the current number, son the Altar
of Passion" by John Gilliat. is above
the average. 1t is a crisply drawn pic
ture of Gotham's smart set, their sayings and
doings faults and follies. The principal
characters are splendidly lined, and so moral
ly shnflled up that the denoucment is as
amazing as virtuous.