The record-union., 1896-09-30
CALIFORNIA WANTS PROTECTION,

CALIFORNIA WANTS PROTECTION,
The United States comprises 3, 4OO,OOO
square miles, not including Alaska That
portion of the National domain which
may be denominated the manufacturing
district of the country comprises less
than 100000 square miles. 1t Is true
that manufacturing to some extent has
extended as far west as the Mississippi
River, but west Of the Mississippi and
south Of the Ohio the people are en-
gagged in agriculture and stock ra1Jtng.
We are not unmindful of the fact that at
Nashville, Tenn, and Atlanta, Ga, and
q few other points, there are manufac-
tories of greater or less magnitude. But
the general Characterization here given
stands as adequately describing the in
dustrial conditions of the two general
sections Of the country. New England
and Pennsylvania. with certain portions
of New York and New Jersey, comprise
the manufacturing districts OF the
United States.
The doctrine Of protection has been
industry. The original contemplation of
the doctrine did not include products
such as raisins, dried fruits, wines, lum-
Der, wool and agricultural products.
The products of the field were largely
in excess of the home consumption, and
where people are producing q surplus.
there is an outflow, which is better pro-
lection against the inflow than any
tariff Vessels running over need not
be protected against an inflow. The
States has been closely welded to the
doctrine of protection, chiefly because 1t
sustained a free trade relation to all the
rest Of the country; that is to say, the
people inhabiting about 100000 square
miles sustain free trade relation with
the people inhabiting 100000 square
miles Of the territory embraced within
the national domain. When q schedule
Of tariff is being made by the Congress
of the United States, each section takes
care of itself, or it is not taken care Of
Each interest has all 1t can do to secure
for itself the amount Of protection 1t
demands There is no breadth of pat
riotism in Massachusetts which will take
care Of California and very little in Call
fornia that will take care of Massachu-
OF any home interest.
General Hancock was right when he
said that questions of tariff were local
In their origin. The principal justifica-
ton for protection is found in the de-
rnand for Federal revenue. When the
tariff wall is too high, the revenue de-
rived from impost duties is reduced.
When 1t is too low, a like result ensues.
The revenue produced by impost duties
enacted by what is known as the Wilson
bill was greater than that derived under
the Mckinley bill, simply because i'm
portation under the Wilson bill exceeded
the importations under the Mckinley
bill.
California wants protection in certain
directions. We Will use but single class
of articles as an illustration. If Cali
fornia were permitted to furnish the
raisins and dried fruits. including dried
grapes, for the whole United States, it
would be the richest State in the Union
Every acre of land capable Of support
ing q vineyard would enhance in value
or, to state this in another form, there
is patronage enough IN the hands Of the
United States for the vineyards and
orchards of California to give US an in
dustrial population of two millions more
than we have. But to give us a mo-
nopoly of producing and furnishing
these articles would be to eliminate all
. revenue now derived from them. So
when our Representative in Congress
ask for higher protection on California
products, they are met with the consid-
Grafton that a very high tariff reduces
the revenue upon the particular article
protected Between the Scylla of pro-
lection and the Charybdis of revenue,
therefore, it is very difficult to obtain a
rate of impost duties that accomplishes
much more than giving US the markets