davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
MANAGEMENT OF BURDoCKs.

1t is true that there is time at
which plants may be most easily killed
OH account Of the special conditions of
them at that time; but this time is
wholly one of condition of growth, AM
not Of any special condition of the
moon or anything outside Of this earth
or the plant itself. Generally, the time
at which plants of all kinds are most
Vulnerable is when they are in the
most active growth, when, being de-
prived Of the leaves by cutting them
down to the roots, the root is so
checked as to fail to recover, and so
dies. The burdock has q large root
and Is perennial, making many seeds,
which are easily carried from one place
to another, and thus spreads far and
wide. An excellent way Of dealing
with these perennial weeds is to cut
them low down by the roots, as far as
possible underground. This is done by
means Of the spud described in these
columns short time ago. Persever-
ance in this has never failed of success
with the worst Of perennial weeds.
But sure thing Is to pour Il little sui
phuric acid on the roots, or put hand
full Of coarse salt on when the spud is
used. When the space is to large for
this, blowing in the hot weather, turn
ing the roots up to the hot sun, will,
with little additional work with the
spud or sharp hoe, finish up the work.
New York Times.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
POULTRY NOTES.

| Chicks should not be allowed to roost
until they are at least four months old.
| The rOost should be four inches across
the top and fat, and not over one foot
high.
Remember to pick out the mostprom-
Using cockerels and pullets of the birds
to save for breeders another season.
This is the way to build up your flock
in general excellence-selling off those
which develop and grow ahead of the
others is the way to run down your
stock. The latter method leaves the
runts and inferior specimens to be bred
from. Don't do it. Save the best, and
use good Judgment in selecting those
to be retained.
Attention to poultry pays on the
farm, and during these times, when
country produce is selling at such
low prices, there is no product on the
farm that brings cash so readily as
poultry and eggs.
If the chicks are in any way ailing
look for the causes. for the prevention
of the cause is better way to doc
tor" than to be dosing sick fowls
If you cannot manage a small flock
of poultry and meet with marked
success, don't think of branching out
on larger plan.
Use every means possible to keep
down the vermin in hot weather. To-
bacco stAIns in the nests, tobacco dust
and insect powder are good. Scatter
air-slacked lime about, and see that
houses and premises are kept strictly
clean.
A lot Of male birds running around
after the breeding season is over is an
unnecessary expense as well as q nuis-
ance. Sell them at once.
Farmers should stop their theorizing
that scrub poultry is as good as pure
bred birds. Every desirable quality a
scrub possesses can be traced direct to
some pure bred sire. Prejudice often
becomes a stumbling block to pros
perity.
The man who knows 1t all and can
learn nothing about poultry never
makes his wonderful successful much
of an object lesson. There are plenty
of people whom he classes as ''igno-
II
on success.
Take good care of the late-hatched
broods. Many fanciers claim that the
late chicks have the finest plumage,
from standard point Of view. Late-f
Matched pullets will be the ones that
will be laying late in the spring next I
season, when the hens will nearly ALI
be desiring to set.
Every farmer should use his infiu-
ence to have his county fair give in
ducements to improve the poultry dis
plays and to see that they are judged
by pOultrymen who are competent to
make the awards.
The ideal summer shed for poultry
is one not more than four feet high,
set on four posts, and open on all
sides. A siX-inch wide board should
be nailed on the post at the ground.
Keep the earth under the shed spaded
up, and the way the fowls will enjoy
it will be ample reward for your labor.
The necessity for new blood is greatly
felt where the earliest and best chicks
are being continually disposed of be-
cause they will bring a little better
price. Where there Is a systematic Sc
lection observed to keep the best and
sell the poorest, a fock's stamina and
good qualities may be greatly inn
proved.-Baltimore Sun.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
Snake in His Wheel.

trank Florence Of the Western
Union cable Office, New York, had n
startling experience while riding his
wheel near Cornwall, N. Y. 1t was
growing dark; he was wheeling slow
ly along on an unfamiliar road. Sud-
denly an object appeared in the road
and jumped between the spokes Of his
wheel. and in the turn Of the wheel a
twisting. kissing blacksnake was fast
in the forks.
Florence dismounted quicker than
he ever did before and dropped the
wheel In the road. The snake soon ex-
treated itself and crawled into the
bushes in the roadside.
Florence remounted bis wheel and
continued his ride to Newburg with
some nervous OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
York Press.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
WHAT is THE ROUP?

How or why the name of roup came
to be applied to that form of tubercu-
lar disease which is accompanied by a
discharge from the nostrils, has fire.
Quently puzzled me, says Feathered
World, England. / can quite under
stand why the name. diphtheria is CIV
ell when filmy deposit of tubercle or
masses of it are formed in the mouth or
throat, for there is very close resem-
blance between this condition and
diphtheria as seen in the human sub
ject. In fowls diphtheria is certainly as
contagious as in the human being, and
if we are to believe what we read about
1t in poultry medical, and other papers,
it has been in very many instances
contracted by man from the inferior
animals, and cases are on record where
fowls have contracted the disease from
consumptives.
The term rOup serves a very useful
purpose, If only applied when there is
merely a discharge from the nostrils
and mouth or simply thickening OF
the secretions. for it is very necessary
for us to have distinguishing names
for the different forms of tubercular
disease. In all feathered creatures the
disease germs Of tubercle very fire.
Quently first attack the membranes lin
ing the mouth. This is in consequence
of their being in the birds drinking
water. or picked up with food that has
been contaminated by the excrement
of creatures affected with tubercle. The
disease germs set up Inflammation of
the mucus membrane of the mouth.
mainly due to the presence of the ba-
to be formed, sloughing of the tissues
follow, and the waste products which
are thrown off increase the thickness
Of the discharge, which now very quick
ly becomes decomposed and gives off
very offensive odor. This form Of dis
ease Is known as wet roup; another
form is known as dry roup, diphtheria,
canker etc.
The term canker is mostly applied to
this form Of the disease in pigeons. In
them the tissues are very firm, and con-
sequently, except in the case of young
birds, the growth Of tubercle and the
formation Of ulcers are, as a rule, slow
processes, hence probably the term
canker. In young pigeons the growth
of the tubercle is sometimes very rapid,
and large cheesy masses Of il are fire.
quently found in the threats of squads
before the owner has noticed they were
even ailing. This is usually the case
when the disease has been contracted
from their parents when feeding them.
The parents themselves may appear to
be perfectly healthy birds, the disease
in them being In latent condition.
know nothing which more resembles
Like fire, its spread depends almost
wholly upon the material subjected to
Its action.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
The Dairy.


The cow, to make good milk, needs
good blood.
Good feeding is the foundation of all
profitable dairying.
A stunted calf means an inferior COW
or steer.
1t is less trouble to wean the calf at
the start and feed 1t than to allow it to
suck and wean 1t at the end.
Generally the more docile the calf the
better mixer will be the COW.
The dairy farm should grow contin-
ually richer, and 1t will do so very read
lily if proper management is given.
In making butter for the best market
it Is essential to secure uniformity in
color, in texture, in sailing and in pack
ing, leaving no salt in the butter.
If the cow Is not free from disease
care of the utensils will not prevent
the germs of disease from entering
through he milk.
1t is by no means question Of thor
oughbreds, as all fairly good cows will
make good cream, from which good
butter can be made, when the care and
conditions are right.
An overfed COW will not digest all Of
her food and in this way her milk and
the butter made from it will be injured.
To secure the best results good diges-
ton and assimilation are very essen
tial.
The cow inherits the habit of produc-
ing well at the pail or she inherits the
habit of producing fat on her ribs and
back. In the dairy the former is what
is wanted.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
Odds aud Ends.

If it is not convenient to fill flannel
bags for the sick room with sand bran
will answer the purpose very well and
will retain the heat long time.
Before commencing to seed raisins,
after the stems are removed, cover the
fruit with very hot water and let II
stand few moments. Drain the
water off and the seeds may then be re-
moved quite easily.
Grapes are excellent for leanness.
therefore may be INDUCED in freely.
and in the winter small doses of cod
liver oil, commencing with teaspoon
full Immediately after meal, will often
assist materially in producing flesh.
When unfortunate enough to spill hot
grease upon the top Of clean, white
kitchen table, quickly pour cold water
upon 1t and that will cool 1t Mt once.
This prevents the wood from absorbing
the grease, which then can be easily re-
moved.
Old feather pillows should be put out
on the grass during summer rain and
allowed to become thoroughly wet oc-
casionally, then taken and fastened on
the clothes line, dried In the wind and
sun, and beaten with a small stick to
stir up the feathers. This seems to put
new life into the feathers and freshens
them.
Throughout all the warmer months
one eats more sour vegetables and
more fruit. AS these are bad for the
teeth, while generally excellent for the
stomach, extra care should be taken In
much brushing, and care that the lime
of the teeth is not eaten into by the
acid. After every meal is not too
often to brush the teeth, and II should
be conscientiously done while this sort
of food In on the table.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13

at noon. and the bulk Of his hay q
night.
II the horses shoulders are washed
clean and bathed every evening with
strong salt water Ut Is all the better II
a little alum IL added, only . ~ery III
fitting collar can make gals.
Stun the pads with timothy hay
It remains springy. Cotton ~ wool be-
comes hard, and often forms into
Jumps.
Look out for the buffalo gnats, and
grease the ears and other parts OF the
horses most infested.
When you have good horse stick to
him. He may not be fast, he may not
be completely sound, but he does all
you need Of a horse, Is safe and
healthy. Why change, even II some
Jockey with more snowy horse does
offer to trade? You know nothing Of
the other horse, and you do know your
own is fully honest. The chances are
that the man who deals in horses knows
more about them than you do, and that
you will make nothing by the transac-
ton, and will in all probability lose.
He is In the business for what he can
get out of 1t.
We prefer to have the colt in the field
with the mare. If the colt Is shut in
the stable both 1t and the mare will
fret. Besides, the colt should suck
every two or three hours.
Give the work horses night pasture
near the stables. After the days work
they should receive the same care
in the stable as il they were to remain
tliere-and after being cooled, fed and
cleaned, turn them in the pasture or
large paddock where they can get a
generous bite of grass and roll and
rest. They should receive the same
amount of feed in the stable. 1t is cru
ell to expect them to work all day and
pick around all night to satisfy their
hunger.-Farm Journal.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13

When Eydia on tandem rides. then I
Find Sunshine Frightening all my sky!
Zen birds grow mute as fast 1 fy,
With Lydia on the wheel.
As gayly as the miles I flag,
All the swift moments play at tag.
And never do my spirits flag.
With Lydia on the wheel.
go
I care not what Ill luck may bring
In Summer, Autumn, Winter, Springl
All OF life's troubles of we ding,
With Lydia on the wheel!
And now that we are pledged to go
On Hymen's tandem, veal or woe,
More happy moments shall know,
With Lydia on the wheel!
HANS YORKEL.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
BIRp.cATcHINc FISH.
voracious Shark and Hike that Feed on
unwavv FLYERS.

unwaTy Flyers
1t is a common saying that birds 20
a-fishing. but 1t Is not generally known
that very often the case il reversed
and the birds supposed to be the enc
mics Of the fishes are caught in the
tolls.
Several years ago. when fishing on
the Maine coast, the writer observed
what the fishermen call the running OF
the dogfish. One day the fishing for
cod, hake and paddock was excellent;
the following morning it had stopped
as suddenly as though command to
all the fishing tribe had been issued by
Neptune.
The explanation was that an army
Of small sharks. swimming In from the
unknown depths of the sea, had driven
away all the edible fish. This horde
was so starved and ravenous that they
were a menace to life. IL anything was
thrown into the water they rushed to
the spot, bit at the oars and sails that
dragged overheard and devoured every
thing edible that appeared. The gulls
and other birds which were in the
habit of alighting on the water now be-
came victims. Several were seen to
suddenly disappear, jerked down from
below, to be torn to pieces by these
hounds of the sea. In some instances
the birds would escape with the loss OF
q leg, doubtless numbers were caught
by the voracious fish.
The most voracious bird catcher Is
the pike or pickerel-a sly fellow who
turks beneath overhanging limbs or
rocks and watches for some duckling
or birding that strays from the brood.
The pike attains a large size, and has
been known to attack large sized birds,
even looms, though whether it could
successfully carry away so large bird
is doubtful.
A naturalist was once watching a
pool that was surrounded by willows
whose graceful foliage fell over the
water, casting deep shadows. Dragon
flies and other insects were darling
about on the surface and coursing
back and forth, and following them, in
turn, were n number Of swallows,
as they darted at some insect. Sud
denly, without warning, from the dark
pool the hidden observer saw huge
pike leap mt one Of the birds, the latter
barely esceping by a quick movement,
while the fish fell heavily into the
water. Again it tried to catch one or
the swallows, then gave up the at
tempt
Another observer was fishing In a
small lake when he noticed not far
away three young sand martins. sit
ting on a limb just over the water. the
mother fiuttering about them, en-
deavoring to induce them to fly. All
at once an enormous pike dashed out
of the water and seized one OF the
birdhngs from the limb, the poor moth
er darling about in the greatest alarm.
Soon came another leap, and In less
than half an hour this voracious fsh
had carried Off the three young birds.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
GREEN MANURE FOR ORCHARDS.

One of the difficulties in using any
Of the plants commonly employed in
green manurinS for orchards is that
the most valuable of all, red clover, re-
quires two years growth to get the best
results from 1t, and that while 1t Is
growing the clover will absorb so much
mineral fertility that it will rob the
orchard, which needs that kind Of fer
tilizing more than any other. The clio
yer, both top and root, supplies plenty
of heterogeneous plant food. This makes
leaf and wood growth, but always les
sens the tendency to fruit bearing.
What most bearing orchards most
need is large supply of mineral plant
food and very little nitrogen. A year
ly growth of twelve to fifteen inches
on the apple tree is better than more.
This can be secured on any fairly rich
ground If the tree is properly pruned.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13

lifted and kissed her sweet. biushins
face.
There was long pause Then DIM
pie loosen the skirt, rose to his feet,
and with reproachful glance at Eu-
genia and submissive wag Of his tail
toward Dan, walked slowly away,
while Dan led Eugenia into the house.
oh, DEAR" she murmured, her
bright face lovely with bushes, from
one slavery to another! Am never
to be free againY
Never" calmly answered my
brother.-New York Tribune.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
mt CuIture.


Nut culture promises to be a recog-
nized industry in this country within
a few years. Many groves of chestnuts
have been started, and along the Pa
cific coast, filbert culture is being con-
sidered. In the last three months of
1895, France alone sent us S295, S9O.S5
worth Of nuts, Of which SS4, 529.7O went
for walnuts. Spain sent SAT ,4392S
worth of nuts, mostly filberts and al
monds. Italy sent $93,017.79 worth
about $4,000 worth Of almonds and the
rest nearly equally divided between
filberts and chestnuts These figures
cover only one-quarter Of the year, and
1t is evident that there is an opening
here for the American nut grower to
add to his revenue.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
FARM And GARDEN NOTES.
ITEMS OF TIMELY INTEREST TO THE
FARMERS.
Green Manure for orchards--.What 10 the
Roup--.Management OF Burdoeks...Horss
TaIk.--PouItry Notes.
DISEASE OF DUCKS.

Ducks are subject to disease
known as anthrax. and similar to the
disease of common fowls, by which
the combs turn black and the birds lie
about sleepily until they die. The dis
ease is commonly called cholera 1t Ii
due to the overlooking Of the ducks on
grain food. 1t is hardly Of any use to
try remedies. The only cure is to pre-
vent 1t by feeding moderately and keep
ing the birds in clean. wholesome
places.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
Costly Legal Pro cedure.

The United States is not alone in hav-
Ing courts which are sometimes ex-
pensive. Recently Oxford University
wanted to change the title "Ford's
Professor Of English Literature" to
"Tord's Lecturer" The necessary legal
gteps cost $1,000.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
The Apiary.

Bees, small fruit and poultry make a
good combination.
Golden rod gives rich, thick honey
of golden color.
The queen bee is the only perfectly
developed female in the hive.
A young queen is more liable to pro-
duce a working progeny, and an old
one drones.
1t is best to construct the size Of the
hive to suit the size of the colony. This
can be done by the use OF division
boards.
An examination Of the hive should be
made and all unnecessary brood comb
be removed, as an oversupply of worth
elss drones is very Objectionable.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
HORSE TALK.

The leased colt is the sire to the iii.
tempered horse.
The man that would have sound,
nicely-formed hoofs on his horses
when he comes to sell them, must give
attention to the hoofs Of his colts.
The best-fed work horse has the
heavy grain ration in the morning and
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13

cool water. Three
cans are all that
are needed In my
creamery, each
one holding a
milking, which
allows thirty-slx
hours for each
setting. The cans
should have COW
ers to keep out
dirt and insects,
but not be air.
tight, and can be
made to hold n
larger quantity
where more cows
are kept, but
should be about
three times the
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
shoulder Calls.

At this season Of the year, when the
farmers horses are at hard work,
their shoulders are very liable to gall.
A man who works his team VIGOROUSLY
hard In the spring never gals them.
Calling at his stable to learn the reason
I had no occasion to ask question.
The team had Just returned from the
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13

height Of the diameter, with the space
between the curb floor and the case
roller to allow the can to pass freely
through. One point to be kept in mind
is to see that the cans are not set too
deep in rainy weather, as the water
may rise and overturn the milk. Snaps
are used on the ends of the rope to at
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13

field, and the farmer was engaged at
one horse and his hired man at the
other sponging their shoulders with
water. This is done every time they
come into the stable after hard work,
and freedom from shoulder abrasions
and consequent comfort of the animals
Is the natural result. When horses re-
turn from hard work 1t may be noticed
that they try to rub their shoulders
against the stall to allay irritation. A
humane man will not withhold the
soothing influence of the application of
little water.-Farm and Fireside.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13

tach the can, as
seen In Fig. 1.
The cover of
the case Is so
made that when
closed 1t slants
back to shed
rain. The front
piece, Fig. 2, is
detachable and
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13

Lady Florence Dixie denies that she.
is an advocate Of female football |
clubs.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13
Storing AppIes i'm Boxes.

Square boxes with open tops and sep
arated by cleats nailed across The cor
ners so as to allow air to circulate over
them are better than barrels to store
apples in. We saw some recently in
the fruit cellar of horticultural friend,
says the Cultvntor. The apples are
putinto these boxes In the orchard, load
ed into wagons, and are drawn to the
cellar, where they are piled one above
the other, nearly to the ceiling. The
boxes are made 10 hold full bushel
each, and can be easily handled with
out disturbing the fruit There is great
injury to fruit even from the most care
full handling. When the bloom is of,
1t can never be exactly what it was be.
fore.
The square boxes take less room than
the same quantity Of apples would In
barrels, and are much better than IL
put In bins, where the natural heating
Of the apples piled one upon the other
indpsas rot. which once started quickly
spreads. The boxes are made Of solid
boards, and ere, therefore, heavier as
we'll as more costly than the boxes used
in harvesting potatoes.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-08-13

f1One.
Skilled Labor va. Muscle on the Farm.
Tie scarcity of good hands for the
fax1h in many parts Of the country has
BEEN the subject of much comment,
but no way has been devised to supply
the demand at fair rate Of wages, de-
spite the fact that the cities and towns
are filed with able-bodied men who are
anxious for some means of earning a
likelihood.
The truth Is that these men, willing
as many Of them undoubtedly are, do
not make good farm hands. Three or
four decades ago, when muscle was
one of the great requirements for farm
work, any man with broad back and
brawny arms could be utilized on the
farm to good advantage, but now it
Nkes more skilled labor to run n farm,
and men who have not learned the
trade are next to useless. We want
more farmers these days and fewer
roustabOuts.
We never see the groups, the hun
dreds Of idling men and boys on the
street corners, without thinking, "Oh,
the pity of itv' The most of them are
bright enough and quick enough to
learn, and would make good farm Ia
bsrers IL they could once be caught and
retained and wooed away from the city
savagery and shiftlessness.
We need a school Of agrcrxure-a
practical institution for just such fell
lows as these-boys that would not
want to be professors and editors. lee
turers and the like. but who would be
willing to apply the knowledge ac-
quired in gaining livelihood fAf them
selves on the farm.-Colmax's Rural
World.