davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
ORCHARD AND GARDEN.

Give the orchard thorough cultivation
during the early stages of growth.
In setting trees for a wind break,
take those of a close-growing habit.
Currants will grow and bear fruit 25
years if they are properly cared for.
If the bark of the fruit trees is split
by frost, cover the wound with grating
wax.
Washing suds and sink water will
help the grapevine wonderfully in its
growth.
When setting out peach trees cut
them back to within two feet of the
ground.
Black knot is best kept in subsection
by cutting off and burning all affected
branches.
In planting shade trees the hardness
of the trees should be given preference
over rapid growth.
One advantage of well-drained land
is that the fruit comes to maturity
earlier than on undrained land.
Generally the plum tree will need jar
ring to prevent the work of the curculio,
no matter what variety has been
planted.
There ought to be plenty of room for
all kinds of fruit on every farm. Grow
. good supply of small fruits as well as
of tree fruits.
By stirring the soil after every rain
the weeds will be more evenly destroyed
than in any other way, besides securing
q better growth of plants.
While the best land is none too good
for strawberries, any land that will
grow good crops of corn or potatoes
will grow good crop of Strawberries.
Mulching prevents the early flow of
sap by preventing the ground from
warming too early, and in this way
often prevents injury by late frosts.-
St. Louis Republic.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20

and handling is like the illustration.
Get tin spout about six inches long.
made at the timers, with one end
bulged considerably, like a funnel, as
at A. Cut a hole just large enough to
let the tube through from the inside,
then wrap the edges down tight to the
tin tube with strong cord. This tin tube
hduld be placed about half way between
the bottom and top of sack.
A strap II. inches wide and eight to
twelve inches long is sewed on the bot
tom of sack with strong cordsattached.
to tie up mouth at C, after putting in
fertilizer. 1 used the old gum hose from
my grain drill to fit over the tin tube,
the latter being made to fit in the gum
tight. By placing the sack over the head
with strap resting on opposite shoulder
from side the sack is to be worn, the
fertilizer naturally settles to center of
sack ready to run out of the gum tube.
By placing the hand at B the tube can
be guided and the flow of fertilizer regu-
lated by pressure on the gum hose, and
the mixture can be shaken up by the
lower part of arm, to prevent clogging.
The fertilizer can be scattered over any
width of row by zigzag motion of hand.
This arrangement will allow any speed
that the operator may want to use. A
hole of, say ia inches, will allow a
large amount of fertilizer to pass out,
which may be lessoned by the speed of
operator in walking we'll as in the use
of the pressure of the hand on the gum
tube.-George E. Scott, in Ohio Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20

Daniel Munroe says: The most in,-
portant of all selections is the head of
the herd. The bull we breed from
should combine as much concentration
of the very best family records as we
can positively buy or breed. The value
of a good bull was finely illustrated
last summer, when one of the largest
dairies in the province was disposed of
at public sale-95 head of young things,
three generations. bred from the herd
and sired by a choice thoroughbred bull,
were offered, End brought prices that
must have been gratifying to the owner
in return for his investment, while the
purchasers were equally well pleased
with their end of it. But that was not
the end; the influence of that bull will
live on for many years scattered over
the province to the great benefit of tho
dairy interest. Moral: Don't look ut
the dollars too long when you need q
good bull.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
THE ROADS OF FRANCE.

How They Impressed Mary H. Gather
wood, the Famous Novelist.
Mary II. Catherwood gives a good ac-
count of French highways in the At
lantic Monthly: Toll free, streets
macadamized and almost dustless, so
graded and smoothed that one horse
can draw a mountainous van along their
surface, and maintained to the remot-
est edges of the provinces. Across the
Beauce, that vast green prairie, the
perfect road ribbons stretch at inter-
walls. Everywhere a constant patrol is
kept over the public work. You can
trace a distant road by it's double line
of poplars, standing like slim plumes.
Thought is taken for the irrigation of
he trees also, in a land where drought
is almost unknown. A small channel
paved with stones, conducts the rain
fall to a depressed basin left around the
roots of each tree.
'tBy graded 1 do not mean monoton-
ously leveled roads. They wind up hill
and down valley, but the bed is general
ly lifted some feet above the country
the north or south is cloven by an omni-
present causeway of powdered flint.
At intervals Of few kilometers along
the way small stone tollhouses are set.
And oblong piles of beaten stone, IA
miliar to an American eye, are supple
mented by a stranger sight, another
proof of the thrift of France-cords of
black blocks, pressed from coal waste,
stand ready to feed the steam roller"
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
FEEDING THE CALVES.

FIaxseed Cruel and SKINNED MILK Assure
Good Growth.
A emf may be fed SKINNED milk when
one week old, says the National Stock.
man, with the addition of one gill of
boiled flaxseed, increasing the ration
gradually to pint a day when four
weeks old, and then adding fine mid
dlings or corn and oats ground together,
or pint TO one quart of oats unground.
Flaxseed Cruel, with plenty of skim
med milk, will produce a very fine
growth, leaving the calf as mellow to
the touch as if sucking the cow A calf
two months old will gain three pounds
per day on this ration. The oil taken
off in the cream can be replaced for one
fifth of the money value of the cream.
Butter dairymen may raise a calf to
each COW upon SKINNED milk and a
little additional food, such as indicated.
and get one-fourth to one-third as much
profit out of the refuse milk as out of
the butter Selling butter robs the
land of nothing valUable-only carbon
which has no manurial value.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
RARn-YARp scRAPER.
How Make One That Does Not Dig
Into

How to Make Ono That Does Not Dig
Into the Ground.
For cleaning off a barnyard when
dirty there is nothing better than a
scraper so constructed not to dig
into the ground. A cheap and service
able one may be made by almost any
farmer. Take an inch board "a A in
cut) four feet long, and IL to 16 inches
wide. The side arms &C c. reach from
the tongue to hooks or pivots (E Ed, as
depicted. The handles are fastened to
be in comfortable reach when the
scraper is vertical, or nearly so. The
object is to scrape the top merely, in
stead of thrusting into the ground, as a
scraper is contrived to do. A lever Cd,
which is hinged to back end of tongue,
and provided with notch at the proper
point, will hold the scraper IN an up
right position. When the load is to be
dumped, raise the lever, thus disengag-
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
ABOUT HARD ROADS.

Their Advantages to Farmers Set Forth
by A. @. Judd. OF Dixon. III
A hard road is a road that is by arti-
fetal means prepared with a surface
of much more permanent and solid
material than that of its natural state.
The kind of material used for such arti-
fetal surface may differ with the local
ity or the use for which the road il in
tended.
The abundance of stone and gravel in
a county makes it possible to build
excellent roads at q reasonably moder-
ate cost, and the probabilities are that
they are the only materials that we
shall use in constructing any of the
country roads of Lee county.
Brick, wooden blocks, asphaltum, etc..
are used for building roads in cities,
but I shall not describe the various
modes of construction, as understand
that they are not included in this sub
ject-
Let us realize at once that different
compositions of soil require different
treatment in order to make equally
serviceable roads. In this county we
have practically three classes of soil
to be recognized: First, black loan;
second, yellow clay; third, sardy loan.
There are certain conditions, such as
springy, quicksand or muchy places,
liable to occur in localities where any
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20

for both cattle and horses. 1t is simply
a light piece of rope arranged upon the
animals head as a halter, then passed
between the forelegs and around the
body, when it is fastened securely. II
should be arranged so that the animal
can just raise it's head to natural po-
sition, but no further. To jump over
fence an animal must always raise its
head above the normal position. II
there appears danger that the animal
when feeding may get a forefoot over
the rope it can be held up close to the
breast by a light cord passing around
the neck. The rope will stretch some
what with use, but can be shortened
up as required.-N. Y. Tribune.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
THE GRASSY FLAVOR.
why Change In Feed should Always BE-
Made with Caution

Why Change In Feed should Always IL
Made with Caution
It is one thing to have a pleasant
grass flavor and quite another to have
a rank grassy odor to the milk, traces
of which will be found in the butter
The cause for the rank flavor can De
found in intestinal arrangement due to
the change of feed. A radical change
in feed should always be made with
caution and be made gradually. To
change suddenly from dry feed to green
feed will derange the digestive appar-
atus as surely as sudden change from
green feed to dry feed. And the change
should always be made when the stom-
ach is full. That is, do not give an ami
NAL food to which it is unaccustomed
when its stomach is empty. Give it first
a feed of that to which it is accustomed,
and then add little of the new feed,
increasing the proportion of the new
kind of feed with each meal until full
feed of the new kind is given, the old
kind being gradually diminished mean
while In changing to grass the way
to apply this method is to turn the cows
for an hour or so into the pasture, first
giving them their usual dry feed. then
take them off the pasture for the re-
mainder of the day. The time they
are allowed to run in pasture can be
heightened each day until they are left
there all day. This will ordinarily re-
quire but three or four days for the
change, but it is well to turn into
pasture of flush grass but an hour or so
al a time when it is wet with dew, I'M
less the stock had become accustomed to
full grass previously. That is, chang
ing from a poor pasture to flush pas
ture is itself liable to make trouble if
done inconsiderately. The COW will be
apt to fill herself with rich grass beyond
what she is accustomed to, and it viii
generate gases in the stomach and cause
bloat at the worst, and when the worst
does not occur there is still danger OF
Inflammation of the intestinal canal
which will cause looseness and give the
milk a rank odor and flavor. Stock
should therefore be left in the new pas
ture but part of the day at first, il the
feed is much better than in the old
pasture.-Agricultura Epitomist.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20

ference is that the side bitches must be
deeper and the cone higher.
For sandy roads make the side bitches
more shallow and the cone wider and
Hatter. They should be built, if pos
sible, when the sand in wet, for then the
grains of sand have a tendency to stick
together and will pack some, so that by
getting the stone or gravel roof on
while in that condition, the road is
much more apt to retain its shape and
durability.
Sometimes there are narrow or
~single-track" hard roads built at one
side of the main road, intended to be
used only during the muddy season.
There is no material difference in the
manner of building stone roads of diff
ferent widths.
Narrow tracks are usually adopted
only by districts remote from cities and
available material. They are frequent
ly covered with drifted snow, the
hedges or fences shading them so that
the snow does not get off until late,
thus rendering them unavailable when
most needed.
McAdam and Telford are the names
usually applied to stone roads. The
former is the one generally adopted IN
this country, and consists of breaking
the stone fine.
Pieces larger than an egg should be
broken smaller. It is desirable to have
them range from a hickory nut to an
egg in size.
Telford's system consists in putting
larger stones on the bottom and cover
ing with small ones.
Such roads insure level or easy grades
and equal serviceability at all seasons
Of the year. While costing some more
at the outset, the expense of mainte-
nance is SO much smaller that after
completion they become actual income
producers. They increase the comfort
of travel; they place the markets OF the
great grain centers at the farmers door
every day of the year, thus enabling
him to take advantage of the temporary
rise in the markets occasioned by
muddy roads during certain portions
of the year. They bring the farmers
family in touch with nearly all city
privileges; enable them to attend lee
lures, and various evening entertain
ments.
A good road raises the value of the
adjoining lands anywhere from ten to
four hundred per cent. Land that
could not find buyer at $50 per acre
has sold for 5000 an acre after stone
road was built, thus making it available
to city markets as a truck farm.
The farmer is bending his every en-
crgy to the solving of the problem of
cheaper production. When we con-
slider the facilities for quick and
economical transportation furnished by
railroads and steamships to almost
every part of the world, it behooves us
TO put ourselves in direct contact with
the push and energy of commercial
activity, and save our share of the $780,,
100000 lost yearly on account of bad
roads.-Farm and Fireside.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
FIGHTING CHINCH BUGS.


Barrier and Trap Method Assures Most
Satisfactory Results.
The Oklahoma experiment station
says that it is practicable to keep chinch
bugs out of corn fields, and in many
cases out of the oat fields, even when
they have appeared in great numbers
sln the wheat fields. AS help to this,
this station has advised the separation
fields as far possible, and to have
alfalfa between where this was practic-
able. The chinch bug does not feed on
alfalfa nor any of the clovers. 1t does
feed on grasses, wild or cultivated, al
though it prefers wheat, and especially
barley and the millets. 1t has been adj
vised to SOW millet alongside or around
the wheat field so as to attract the bugs
to a narrow area, thus helping to more
easily destroy them.
The method of saving the corn crop,
which is strongly advised, is called the
BARRIER and trap" method. 1t con-
asiSts in forming Il barrier over which the
hugs cannot pass and then trapping
them in holes as they collect at this
barrier. This method requires work
and attention but it has proved so
remarkably successful in MANY cases
that it is strongly recommended. One
reason for disseminating the distribu-
ton of diseased bugs is that it has been
found that such distribution tends to
cause reliance on the possible spread of
the disease and unwillingness to make
the effort necessary to protect other
CROPS
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
Ration for Dairy Cows.

Sudden changes of the ration do not
prove of advantage with dairy cows.
A change of food should be gradual.
It requires but very little to cause q
COW to fall of in milk, and the feeding
should be done judiciously. OilmeaI
should always be used by CONNIE ncing
with a small quantity, half a pound a
day being sufficient, increasing an
ounce day until a pound or more of
the meal is allowed It should be mixed
with other food, as it sometimes gums"
in the mouth and may be rejected.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20

You may think that any kind of a
floor will do for poultry houses, if SO.
look at the benefits and non-benefits de-
rived from poor or good floors. Have
on not noticed fowls that had the roup
just because the floor was damp or adj
mitted draughts through its openings?
Have your not noticed the numerous YER
min harbors many floors have? The
fowls stand during the day on the floor;
their feet are in direct contact with it
snd their entire body being close to the
floor it must surely be OF some conse-
quence as to the condition of the floor.
Farmers Voice.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
Water Cre.s for PROFIT.

Water crosses can be made to pay if
any vegetable can. If you have the right
facilities, l. e., a piece of ground that
can be covered from one to six inches
deep, with cool, gently-fiowing water,
you will have no difficulty in producing
large amounts of this popular green
stuff The most work connected with
1T, indeed, is to cut and tie it in punches.
"A springy meadow with a clay subsoil
as a good location for a crop. To start
. bed, all that is required is to stick
some slips or cuttings into the mud or
sand that is kept lightly covered with
water, or to SOW some seed into the
moist soil on the edges OF running
streams. The plant is so easily grown
that it is a wonder it is not found more
frequently on farmers premises. 1t is
worthy of more attention. In some
cases, piece of ground that has some
slope, might be terraced and arranged
for growing water crosses in beds one
above another, the water flowing from
one to the other.-Practical Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
ABOUT COLD STORAGE.
Why Every Farm Should Have a Small
Plant Own,

Why Every Farm Should Have a Small
Plant of Its Own.
The cold storage business is taking
on immense proportions. Its develop
ment in the principal cities of the coun-
try has been nothing less than phe-
nomenal of late years. And now cold
storage warehouses are being erected
at country shipping points. In some
cases they are put up by the farmers
themselves, who organize cooperative
stock companies and conduct the bust
ness on the same general principle that
is applied so successfully in cooperative
creameries. Most of these cold storage
plants in both city and country use
chemical refrigeration or other arti.
fetal means of creating and maintain
ing a low temperature. We under
stand that recent progress in this line
makes it possible to build and equip a
cold storage plant at comparatively rea-
sonable cost. OF course, where the ice
crop is assured, no expensive refrigerat-
ing machinery is required, and in such
localities cold storage can be provided
in connection with neighborhood ice
house. The fact that cold storage is
coming into such extensive use in the
cities is the best possible evidence that
it generally pays to thus hold perishable
products until they can be marketed to
the best advantage. Now, if this is such q
good thing for marIsctmen, cold storage
can be equally useful to farmers, espe-
cially as they can utilize its advantages
by the cooperative method. Almos. any
farmer can have a fruit retarding house
built on a side hill, which does net re-
quire ice, and small cold storage room
should he a feature of every farm or
home icehouse.-Orange Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20

ing it's hold on the notch, whereupon
the scraper will turn forward with the
handles on arms &C g. If board A has a
thickness of only one inch, it will be
necessary to strengthen it with cross
battens, as shown by dotted lines. But
the whole thing should be made as light
as possible, consistent with the requisite
strength.-G. w. Waters, in ST. Louis
Journal of Agriculture.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20

CT am familiar with the system by
which counties in Texas employ con-
victs in road making" writes a western
member. "Convicts sentenced for not
more than two years are formed into
camps and worked with splendid re-
suits. Wheelmen could do much in
directing such work, and should talk
the matter up in every state. Such a
move would add to the pleasure of ali
and to the wealth of the nation. It
would benefit the health of the convict,
teach him habits of industry, and re-
move his services from competition
with free labor."IGood Roads.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
FOR BREECHY ANIMALS

A More Humane Device Than Blind
Boards Topples
1t is inhuman to put blind-boards,
hopples and other constructions upon
cattle that are given to jumping fences.
These heavy affairs fret the animal and
impair growth and production. They
often also endanger the animals life
A simple and human device is shown
in the illustration, which may be used
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
AN EXCELLENT IDEA.

Support for Sweet Peas Which Produces
Excellent Results
A bed of sweet peas about tree trunk
can be trained satisfactorily in the man
fner suggested in the accompanying il
Illustration A stout bit of cord is tied
about the trunk some three feet from
TIE ground, and from equal spaces about
1T strings are carried out and down to
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20

the ground. where they are secured by
Pegs driven into the ground, these pegs
forming perfect circle about the tree.
When tbs plants have secured a hold
upon the strings and have come to bios
soming, the effect will be very pleasing
and observation-disclosures Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
FARM AND GARDEN.
FERrlLrzINe DEVICE.

Rood Thing for Places Where tho Work
Is Done by Hand.
We present a very simple and practical
device for putting on fertilizer by hand
We have used it for four years when
wanting to put fertilizer into rows con-
tinuously, and not having a fertilizer
attachment on planter.
The sack used for holding the fertil-
izer should be of the best quality OF
cotton, woven for grain, so as to be tight
against the escape of the finest portion
of the dust, and can be used in two diff
ferent ways. The plan best for carrying
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20
Preparation of Spraying mixtures.

Too much care cannot be taken in
preparing any mixture to be used on
trees and fruits If not properly pre-
pared, injury may follow Bordeaux
mixture. if properly prepared, will not
injure the apple; but if there is not q
sufficient amount of lime, injury may
follow, causing the surface of the apple
to be russeted and rough Also damage
to foliage may result Other fruits are
susceptible to Injury from the mixture,
if carelessly prepared This mixturs
is one of the most effective fungicides
in use.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20

When you get good brood sow keep
her as long as she will bring good lit
ter Of pigs.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-06-20

All things considered. the largest gov
of milk is the most profitable.