Griggs courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., Dak. [N.D.]) 1885-1902, 1896-03-06
s1.5O PER ANxUn.
lowing year. One can raise. a crop fraA
from smut by killing the spores upon.
the seed grain.

'."es >.ssts OAc Cstu IdIsc' cIOO lE0A
from smut by killing the spores upon.
the seed grain.
TREATMENT AND MATERIALS.
After five years investigation, I have
no 'es''ancy in saving that proper use
OF the copper sulphata treatment IS
thoroughly effective, very simple, in-
expensive, and at present. the most
satisfactory for the extensive farming
ot the northwest.
~ Formula.-Five pounds Of cop
per sulphate to 20 gallons of water.
Make up several barrels of it.
Caution-See that you have copper
sulph"te (Cu So4), not copperas.
~ Formula.-Makc up y quantity
of lime water; one pound of quick limo
to ten gallons of water.
(3) Air SLACK lime.
METHODS OF APPLICATION.
CautiOn:-No matter what method.
the idea Is to wet each grain Of wheat
all over, but, at the same time, to allow
it to soak up as little of the solution AZ
possible.
~ To treat in large quan,ities:-ial
Pile the wheat upon the floor, place 3
spraying pump having suitable hose
aud spraying nozzle into tho copper
suIphate solution. Spray the pile with
a strong fine spray and keep shovell,ng
rapidly. In this way the wheat viii
become thoroughly wet with the
slightest possible amount OF the poison.
(Cons,an. shovelling aud care in the
spraying is very importantly (b) One
half hour later spray on some OF the
lime water and shovel it over rs before,
or if you use ..ir Stacked lime, dust
thoroughly with that and shovel ever.
IA sprinkling can may be substituted
for the spray, but is not nearly so
satisfactory, because one gets the solu-
ton on unevenly
(2) For wheat with lots of smut balls
in it, make wide box, foot or moro
in depth. In the middle, place II slide
with wire screen. Balance the box
upon block near your grain bin, fill
one end of it about two-,i,rds full Of
the solution, shovel in the grain to be
treated. Stir it with rake OF other
implement, skim off the floating smut
balls. Tilt the box so that the solution
will run through The screen. Shovel
out the wheat and dust it slightly with
air Stacked lime, or sprinkle with the
lime water.
(3l For small quantities:-Havcw wirc
baskets. boxes with screen bottoms, or
perforated receptacles, dip them into
solution, fill in the wheat, skim off the
smut balls, spread out the wheat, then
proceed rs in last.
Seeding.-Sow all treated grain as
soon as possible. Don't wal, for it to
get dry, shovel it up and proceed to
seed It. Most drills will work rs we'll
upon the freshly wet wheat as upon y
poorly dried lat. If the sprinkling and
shovc]ling has been properly done there
will be no water visible upon tic
wheat.
Notes.-The object of using the lime
is to stop the poisonous action of the
copper. II you can drill your wheat at
once you need not use the lime.
Wheat should never he wet long be-
fore it is seeded Aim cacl, morning to
treat the amoant for the days supply,
or else keep one man at it. With
proper facilities, one man can keep
many drills busy.
If it is wished to keep the wheat fora
time after treatment. it should be-
shoveled over until dry. Air stacked
lime will help to dry it.
Proper screening of seed wheat to
remove Weed sce.ls aud weak wheat Is
always in line with good economics. A
heavy blast will remove most smut
balls. This cleaning should be done
before treatment, because some un-
broken smut balls may not become
thoroughly saturated with the solution,
and hence the spores not killed. These
may reinfect some of tho wheat whcu
the balls are afterwards ruptured.
| OAT SMUT.
The copper sulpl,ate method does not
do for oat smut; because the smut
spores are often lodged inside the
husks, and because the copper solution
is too poisonous for that grain. The
hot water treatment is the only entirely
effective one yet known, but the fol-
lowing method gives good results.
Formala.-Potassium suphi.Ie ("livers
of sulpher'') 8 pounds to fifty gallons
of water.
Pile the oats and shovel III sufficient
of the solution to thoroughly saturato
the pile. Give it second sprinkling
at the end of 12 hours Leave the grain
niled so as to remain thOrOuphlY wet