The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
Cwritten for the CITIZEN


slides into a handle, and is connected
to caibufeter filled with liquid by
drocatbon and provided with bulb.
Metal sheaths, called crayons, are used
over the platinum tube. The appara-
tus is employed by placing lighted
alcohol lamp under the platinum, and
forcing air with the bulb through the
carbureter, from which the gaseous
mixture passes to the tube burning
without flame Oh emerging. A button
pushing the metal tube into or out of
the handle enables the artist To regu-
late at will the heat Of the crayon point.
BY properly varying the temperature
and using shields OF different forms,
lines, shades and soft tints are pro-
duced, aud co.ored with the entire
gamut OF yeIlows, grays, aud dark
bisters.
A new French camera, the inven-
ton Of NJ. Moesard, is pivOted upon a
tripod ard rotated by clockwork. As
1t moves, it unWInds a cartridge Of sen
sitive film, which is passed before the
aperture Of the camera in perfect time,
and takes continuous view Of the hor-
zOu. Each rotation uses Il strip Of
film about three inches wide by 81
inches long, and one film cartridge is
sufficient for thirty complete panora-
mas.
The commencement of the japanese
earthquake aud tidal wave Of June 80
was recorded by seismographs in Italy
and the Isle Of Wight al s p. M, with
a maximum Of disturbance the next
morning. This, Professor j. Milne
thinks indicates the value Of the earth
messages that would be obtained if ii
geodynanIic observatory were estab-
lished in great Britain.
Rhodium, iridium and palladium
dissolve carbon ia the electric furnace,
and gives it up as graphite when they
solidify.
The new primary battery Of all Eng
lish electrician has negative eiec-
trodes Of carbon rods covered with fine
carbon filaments 10 facilitate the esca pc
vi kIlC D.I t+tDStIl AC IOfCIljS - DtO-
duced by winding the rod with a strip
of velvet and then carbonizing the
whole. This depolarizer is preferred
with sulphuric acid. but will work well
in bichromate and other solutions, and
gives a great increase III efficiency.
After an initial tall Of voltage, the cur
rent is quite steady. Caustic potash
may be used for weak currents and
with weak acids the zines may he left
for weeks in the solution, being only
consumed when the battery is in use.
1t is claimed that this is the simplest
and most economical of all primary
batteries 1t is recommended for pur-
poses less than one-horse power and it
is believed that for launch on the
Thames the cost would be little more
than with secondary batteries, while
much more convenient. In lighting
the battery can be used to charge az
cummuators, which can be better reg
ulated than primary batteries of any
kind.
TO test the supposed advantages of
a nap after dinner, DR.. Shoule. of Fri
bourg, has made a series of expert
ments on two normal subjects. The
contents of the stomach were ana
which were followed by sleep and some
were not, and the results indicate that
sleep weakens the stouach's move
ments, while the acidity of the gastric
juice is increased. On the other hand,
simple repOse in horizontal position
stimulates the motion. of the stomach
without increasing the acidity OF the
gastric juice. IL is concluded, there
fore, that one should stretch himself
out for a rest after "a hearty meal, but
should not go to sleep, especially If the
stomach is in dilated condition or its
juices very acid.
A light that no attendant ever visits
surmounts beacon on Armish Rork,
i'll the Hebrides, Scotland. This re-
markable light which nightly shines
for the benefit Of fishermen far and
near, is projected from light house on
Lewis Island, about 500 feet away, the
rays being thrown on "a mirror in the
lantern Of Armish Rock, and by that
being reflected TO an arrangement Of
prisms that scatters them III the neces-
safy directions.
A medical authority reports that the
planting of osiers on large sea e in
Northwestern India has been effective
in stamping out malaria in valley Of
many stagnaht pools.
Vanadium is "a very rare metal, form
ing all essential constituent of OILY
few scarce minerals, although traces of
il are widely distributed, and it exists
III the sun. A mine Of anthracite, sill
uated at height of 10000 feet in the
Andes has recently become an impor-
tant source OF its compounds. The coal
is easily worked, burns rapidly, and
leaves about two per cent. of ash, of
which one-seventh to one-fourth is
vanadium, while there are traces of
silver, chromium and platinum. M.
*. Helous has succeeded in extracting
the vanadium on large scale. He
makes use of it In the preparation of
aniline black, in the col0ring of porce-
lam, and in metallurgy; and this was
the source of the vanadium from which
M. Moissan prepared vanadium car
bide In the electric furnace.
A new form of lime cartridge, de-
vised by b. Il. Jarolimek of Prague,
is to be used in the dusty and gas
charged mines of Bohemia. The ex-
plosive charge is primed with quick
lime, which Is practically tamped with