davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13
RELIABLE ROOT GUTTER.

How One Can Be Made at Homo at Very
Small Expense.
I have noticed several inquiries about
feeding potatoes to stock and the best
way to prepare them. AS money is as
scarce as potatoes are plenty, presume
a good many farmers will be glad to
know how they may have first-class
root cutter at small cost.
Fig. shows the complete machine.
The frame may be made of any rough
material at hand. 1 made the legs of
2x4 stuff; and the hopper from a shoe
box, by cutting out 7 inches Of the bot
tom at the front end, and putting a
board, m, Fig. 1, in the other end of the
box.
The knife can be made of an old hand
saw, or something similar. 1t should
be about 10 inches long and from to
inches wide. If less than seven inches,
the back part of slide may be made level
with the upper surface of the knife, by
board. Tho knife, a, is fastened to k.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13

from animals fed in the same manner,
the richness In nitrogen is O.6S for peat
manure and only O.51 for straw manure.
Peat litter is also said to be the best
possible material for use in fowl houses,
on account of it's deodorizing qualities
and it's power of banishing insects.
Bielawsli mentions that it is used in tho
great military pigeon houses in Paris,
which contain more than 500 pigeons.
1t is stated that the best bedding,
both as regards the beasts and as re-
CARDS the manure, is layer OF straw
over a good thick bed of moss litter.
In this way, the animals have the most
comfortable bed and the stall looks
nice and fresh; the urine and the am
monia which the straw cannot absorb
are absorbed by the peat below; the
manure has the advantage of the ele-
ments in which each substance Is
richest, and nothing is lost either in
the stable or outside.-Farm, Field and
FireSide.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13

the spring article. The earlier lambs
can be sold in the large city markets
the higher the price. In killing, cut
the throat, making as large an insertion
as possible, but be certain that the
large artery is severed. The lamb
should then be hung up by the heels
in order to bleed thoroughly and avoid
soiling the wool about the neck or head.
In dressing early lambs, cut them open
only from the tail to the breast bone,
but as the weather becomes warm, it
is best to cut down to the head. Re.
move the entrails, leaving in the haslet.
The head, feet and skin should all be
left on. Skin the hind legs and draw
the caul over them and well down over
the kidneys, securing it with skewers.
Slit the caul sufficiently to let the kid
neys through, and put inv what are
known as back-sets or spreaders. These
are pieces of wood about IA inches long
for an ordinary sized carcass and point
ed at both ends. Be careful that the
backSets are not too long, or there is
danger of breaking the ribs and in
jnring the appearance of the lamb.
LII OuC cuu Ill
the flank and the other in the breast
close up to the first rib, and place the
other stick in an opposite direction, so
that the sticks cross in the back just be-
hind the kidneys so as to open the car
caSs in such a way as to present good
appearance, making it as fat as pos
sible.
Let the carcass hang until perfectly
cool, and before taking down see that
oil the bloody liquid has been removed
from the chest. Replace the skin on
the hind legs, cover the exposed por.
tions of the flesh with clean white mus
lin and sew the whole carcass up neat
ly in burlap or bagging. The accom-
panying illustration from the Cornell
station shows the appearance it should
present. Mark the package plainly
with the names of the shipper and
the firm to whom it is sent, and ship by
express. Notify the consignee by mail.
IN. Y. World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13

will follow an indulgence in warm bis
cult and honey. 1t is true that bread
is more easily digested than warm bis
cult, as the latter is inclined to "pack"
in chewing, but it may surprise some
to know that comb honey is really an
aid to the digestion of hot bread or
biscuit. The philosophy of the matt
is that the flakes of wax prevent tie
"packing," while the honey readily
dissolves out, leaving passages for the
gastric juice to enter the mass of food.
The flakes of wax are indigestible, that
is true, but when warmed are perfectly
smooth and soft and will not injure the
most delicate membrane; in fact, they
act as gentle stimulant, and are bene-
fetal in some forms of alimentary diff
culties.
The unpleasant symptoms which
some suffer after eating honey may
often be removed by drinking a little
milk.-W. z. Hutchinson, in Country
Gentleman.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13

yield per acre and in the time of ripen-
ing. The red variety has, invariably,
been the best yielder on the state farm.
and it also natures couple of weeks
earlier than the white seeded variety
While the red Kaffir corn has never
been injured by frosts, the white va
riety has failed to mature seed more
than once. Besides, an unduly large
percentage of the stalks of this kind
fail to push the head completely
through the sheath of the upper leaf,
and from this cause portion of the
or at best bear but poorly developed
seeds on the portion covered by the
sheath. This is rarely the case with the
red variety. For these reasons the red
variety is considered much the better
of the two. Both varieties are classed
as non-saccharine sorghum and in
common with all varieties of sorghum
will stand drought much better than
Indian corn.
Kaffir corn seed has been found equal
to corn in feeding value, and the red
variety yields rather better than corn
in all seasons, and in dry seasons will
produce a moderate crop of seed when
corn only produces fodder.
The following table shows the result
of six years of experiments on the state
farm, comparison being made be-
tween Kaffir corn and Indian corn:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13

smoke is generated in the usual way,
and then carried through lue to the
smokehouse, where the meat is hang
ing. The damper at D regulates the
admission of smoke, which passes out
at C. The meat should be smoked with
green wood hickory, elm OF sugar
maple chips or sawdust should be used.
Pine should never be employed, as it
affects the flavor of the meat Corn
cobs are excellent for smoking, as they
impart sweet and pleasant flavor.
The temperature of the smokehouse
should never rise above 80 degrees.
The smoking should be done little
each day until the meat is suitably
colored.-N. Y. World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13

This is board 10 inches long and same
width as knife. A hole, h, Fig. 2,
inches wide is cut in the slide under the
knife, the edge being even with the
edge of knife, Fig. 2.
The knife is raised from the slide
about one-qYarter inch by pieces of lath
and fastened with screws. The slide
is worked by the lever, b, fastened to
slide, as shown in Figs. and 2, by two
stout pieces of Xxi stuff about inches
long, bolted loosely to the lever and
slide. The tongue on the slide, through
which the bolt passes, should be or 4
inches long, to give sufficient strength
to the joint. The lever is 4 feet long
and made from the handle of broken
stable fork. The lower end is inserted
into roller, d, Fig. 1.
A board, the size of the front end of
hopper, is placed inside the front, and
extends down to the slide. This board
should be fixed SO that it can be re-.
moved when it is necessary to sharpen
the knife. The knife comes against this
at every stroke, and is cleaned off SO it
will not freeze if used in a cold place.
The slide is put in place from the front,
before the stumbling board" is placed
IN POSITIONS. D. Peck, in Ohio
Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13
Red Kamr Corn
average of five years.

-
Kaffir corn will do as we'll in good
corn countries as Indian corn, and it
will thrive in many places where corn
cannot be grown at all. Several
methods have been adopted in Kansas
of cultivating Kaffir corn. Some farm
.ers sow it as they do wheat and cut it
for the fodder, only feeding the seed on
the stalks. On this subject Prof. C. C.
0eorgeson, CT the state agricultural
college, says: "Kaffir corn is best
grown in rows thirty inches to three
feet apart, and can be sown either with
q sorghum drill or with a common
wheat drill. We use successfully an
eight-hoe press drill, on which all ex-
cept the first and fifth hoes are closed
up. We then seed two rows at time,
80 inches apart. A little practice will
soon show how the drill must be set in
order to sow the right quantity of seed.
If it comes up too thick it must be
thinned. Good heads will be formed
when the stalks are about four or five
inches apart in the row. In all other
respects it should be cultivated like
cOrn."-Chicago Tribune.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13

SECTION OF MODEL POULTRY HOUSE.
the walk for several inches. Raising
the hinged door, one can thus scrape off
all the droppings from the walk into'a
box or basket. The nests below the
platform are also reached from the
walk, while below the nests is an OPEN
ing in the partition, through which the
fowls drink from dish in the walk, no
water being spilled or made filthy by
this plan. The windows are on the
lower side of the house, a great sutfi-
cheney flight being secured in this way.
This construction permits much low
er, and consequently warmer, house
than is the case where the walk is on
the lower side. Such a house may be
built of rough boards and covered with
heavy roofing papers, then battened,
when it should be warm and last for
years. When the covering does begin
to give out, single or clapboard right
over the tarred felt or paper.-Orange
Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13
.aSYIs kA&SW&
EARMss3GARnEN.
KAFFIR CORN REPORTS.

10 Ts Claimed TO Be the Best Possible
Crop for Arid Lands.
+ Several years of cultivation of Kaffir
corn in Kansas have demonstrated
that it is one of the most remunerative
icrops that can be grown under con
ditions existing in that state. That
the farmers realize this fact is proven
by the remarkable acreage shown by
the reports of the secretary of the state
board of agriculture for 1895. In 1893
the total Kaf1ir corn acreage was 49,
oil; in 1894. 95.237; and in 1895, 1s4,19s.
The state agricultural college at
Manhattan has been experimenting
with Kaffir corn since 1889. Two va
rieties of seed were used which from
its color are respectively denominated
white and red Kaffir corn. They are
alike in their habits of growth. Both
attain a height of five or six feet, or
more on very rich soil. They both
have short, stiff stalks, thickly COW
cred with foliage. which somewhat re-
sembles leaves of sorghum, and both
produce a long, slender, upright head
densely covered with small rounded
seeds. They differ, however, not only
In the color of the seed, but also in the
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13
ABOUT EARLY LAMBS.
This Article Tells You How to Kill. Dress
and Ship Them.

This Article Tells You How to Kill. Dress
and Ship Them.
Raising early lambs is proving y
profitable industry to those who un-
derstand the industry from start to
finish. Unfortunately, judging from
the appearance of many of the lambs
shipped, many people fail. TO UNDER
stand that the mode of dressing has
very important effect upon the price OBJ
tanned. To obtain satisfactory profit
it is essential that the early lambs pre-
sent neat and inviting appearance
when exposed for sale. This is almost
as important as care and skill in fat
tening the lambs.
Early in the season lambs should not
weigh more than rs pounds, and as the
season advances buyers want heavier.
They should be grown as quickly as
possible to reach the required weight,
and should be fat and plump. Late sum-
nler and fall lambs will not sell for
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13
CHEAP BUT PRACTICAL.
Ono of the Best Economical Poultry Houses
That Can Be Built.

One of the Best Economical Poultry Houses
That Can Be Built.
The diagram herewith shows one of
the best cheap poultry houses that can
be constructed, the inside arrangement
being especially excellent because of it's
labor-saving character. The sketch
shows a cross section, from which it
will be seen that, contrary to the usual
plan, the higher side has the walk, the
pens being under the lower part of the
roof. If one can stand erect at the
center of the pen, this is sufficient height
for all purposes, as most of the work of
caring for the fowls is done from the
walk. The roosts are at the front, with
platform below that projects out into
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13
CONCRETE STABLE FLOORS.
H0w They Add to the Fertilizing Value
of Manure.


of Manure.
Some one has said that you can't
abstract fertility through a concrete
floor. 1t is true. Drainage away
from a manure pile indicates lack OF
Drainage. 1t is hard for some farmers
to understand that the liquid manure
contains all the digested portions of
the food that are passed by the animal.
These digestible parts are soluble, and
not only quickest in their action as
plant food, but easiest to run away if
not jailed by concrete floor. AS DIR.
Young says, any place that is to hold
manure should be foored with con-
crete if possible. 1T is a wise provi-
sion OF nature" says the Rural New
Yorker, that man has this power of
grinding up concrete, and then mold
ing 1t to suit his will into artificial
stone to cover any desired surface with
watertight covering. This wonder.
full action is as useful in it's way as is the
chemical action of fire. 1t is one OF
the things placed in our hands with
which to prevent loss, and there are
few losses so serious to the farmer as
the loss of fertility. With concrete
floors and plaster for an absorbent. we
may add much to the value of manure.
not alone by saving the fertilizihg raj
ne of the liquids, but by retaining
moisture In the pile"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13
EARN MEAT SMOKER.
A Device for Cooling Smoke Before 10


A Device for Cooling Smoke Before 10
Reaches the Meat.
Every farmer who cures hams and
bacon requires smokehouse. There
is no need for. an elaborate building.
1t may be as simple as possible, and
should not be air-tight, as the meat
requires ventilation as well as smoke
for the drying that is essential to good
keeping and eating qualities. But the
most important point in smoking is
that the smoke be cooled before coming
in contact with the meat. The accom-
panying cut shows how this may be
satisfactorily accomplished. The
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13
OATS AND ANTHRAX.
Interesting Decision Recently RenderO,
by an English Court.


by an English Court.
A case of much interest to farmers
has been decided in one of the Eng
fish courts. The plaintiffs sued to re-
cover the price of certain oats. The
defendant denied liability on the
ground that the oats had contained the
germs of anthrax, which had caused
the disease to break out in his stables
end led to the loss of so horses. Some
of these were covered by insurance,
but he counter-claimed in respect to
the others. Several corn dealers who
had bought some of the oats in ques-
ton from the plaintiffs, mixed and I'M
mixed, and sold them again said they
had received no complaints concerning
them. An expert veterinary surgeon
said the oats had a considerable guam
tity of dirt in them, and should not
have been fed to horses without being
screened. He thought it possible that
winnowing the oats would have got
rid of the bacllli, as it was possible, if
there were any spores, they were all
on the surface. He thought there was
room to doubt that the oats in question
caused the horses TO die. The jury
found that the goods were unmer-
charitable by reason of latent germs Of
anthrax in them when they were first
delivered to the defendant; that the
defendant had not been guilty of neg
ligence in not having cleaned them,
but that he had been SO guilty by rea-
son of not taking the order of second
supply of the oats off the file. Judg-
ment was given for the plaintiff for
$40, the value of the second lot of oats
supplied, and for. the defendant for
$1,4OO, the value of IL horses which
died in consequence of the first de-
livery
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13
RODOCK & MEDIC.

dASfAkU. NO. 1900.
Bay horse without white Is hands high
Hill, Worcester, Mass; owned by Col L. "
Baughman, Frederick. Md.
Sired by SEA KING, ll775,
(sire of Louis Victor. 22ssl and Cecil NJ. 49,,
2:2S11D
GASPARDs DAM
MAMBRINO ABDALLAH, 220I (sire
2:OSs4; Vera Capel (p), 2:IO15; Pat Down
ing, BIB; and 10 others in 2:3O.)
GASPARD'S I'd dam, by HAROLD, Alb (sire of
Maud s. =: 2;OSs4; and As others in 2:8O, and
g fandsire OF II Robert j., 20lz5 (p); Kremln
GASPARD'S Sd dam, EMILY CHESTER. bv
MAMBRINO PATCHEN, IS (sire of "a
Win records ranging from 2:2012 to 2:S0,
ana sire OF the dams of ITO in $50, includ-
Ing Ralph Wilkes, 2:O6sI; Crawford (p)
sia1ne s9 s and PH1 SiIeR & sS a Con
SEA KING Hts, sired by Lord Russell (brother
to Maud s., 2:OSs4, and sire of Is in 23O
including Kremlin, 2:075z)
SEA KNEES dam, Fairy Belle dam of Nym
phla, 2:26N, and Fairy Gift 2:30D by BEL
MONT, fire of 81 in 2:SO, including Nut
SEA KINGS I'd dam, WATERWITCH dam
OF SIX In 2:3O. including Viking, 2:I9N;
waterloo, Zl914, and Mambrino Gift 2:1O
Dy PILOT JR (sire OF the dams of Maud
., %:OSs4; Jay-Eye-See, 2:1O, and 40 others
AOhD RUSSELL sired by Harold 4lS the sire
OF Maud s., 20Ssz and 45 others in 9SO
LORD RUSSELL'S dam, MISS RUSSELL
Dam OF Maud s., 2:O6S<; Rustioue, 2:I7g<:
Nutwood, 2lS5z; Slavonic (p), 2:23; Cora
beImont. 2:241z; Russia, 228, and Pist-
achiO, 2:29)
AOhD hUSSELLS I'd dam, Sally Russell,
thoroughbred, daughter of the great race
morse Boston. the sire of Lexington.
CASRARD traces ffue times to HANDLE
IONlAN- the greatest of all trottipg pro-
genltors; three times through Alexan.
OerS ADdallah, sire of Goldsmith Maid.
Els, and twice through Harold, sire OF
maud =. &08N; three times to NAM.
bhlNO CHIEF, founder of that family:
twice through Mambrino Patchen and
once through Belle, dam of McCurdy's
namDietonian, 2:201< and tsOtce to PILOT
Jk-s through Miss Russell and Water.
witch, two of the greatest speed produc-
ing maxRs ever fOaled, who between them
nave Is 2:S0 trotters, and each has in the
AGO list. His pedigree thus presents
me ultra shionable combination OF the
6embletonian, Mambrino Chief and
PiIot, Jr. blood, and through the very
best channels.
Iarp. l2-tEl
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-03-13

IN
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The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-08-05

Guide, from which can be selected
$500 worth of flower seed in packets
or ounces and one years SUI description to
the AGRICULTURIsT.
SECOND PR1zE-$2.OO worth Of seed
as above.
THIRD PR1zE-$1.OO worth of seed
as above.
The articles referred to can be on any
one kind or collectively which gives the
writer large range. The only stipula-
ton is that the information given should
be authentic and based on actual expert
ence or observation. The articles can
be sent to us anytime before the 18th of
August and should be addressed,
FLORIDA AGRICULTURIST,
DELAND, FLA.
Floral Prize Department.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-08-05

beautiful, velvety lawn. You must re-
member that the ground is full of weed
seed and it seems as if every seed wilt
terminate sooner or later. Grab grass
is bad weed for a lawn unless ulled
up as soon as it appears. 1t will run
along on top of the ground among the
grass roots and send down feeders at
every joint and consequently is very
hard to pull out, but like all other weeds
when it first appears can be easily sub
dued. A good lawn like all other good
things requires expense and labor but we
do not know Of anything that will add
so much to the good appearance of a
home for the same labor and expense as
a well kept lawn.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-08-05
BulbS& Plants.

Butterfly Lily (recently catalOgued as "White
Gamma by some enterprising forists), beau
tiful and fragrant .1Oc
Canna-Giant Cardinal, tall and snowy ......1O
G. Nepalensis fine yellow .................1O
G. Robusta, bronze leaved .......1O
G. Flaccida, the "Orchid Gamma ..............1O
Caladium Fsculentum-elephants ear. .......10
B9TThe above collection for so cents.
Amary!lis Equestre, 6 cents each; three for Is
cents; six for. .25c
Tuberose bulbs, fine double, &C. each; six for..25
Tuberose smaller size, per dozen.. ...........1O
OxaIis bulbs (rose-colored), per dozen.........10
Madeira vine, sc. each; six for.........."....2 %
Pereska Aculeata, each ..................
Night-blooming Cereus &c grandifora) 20
Coral, or Fusia- Powered hOneysuck1e".........1O
Ampelopsis, qunque folia american Ivy)..1O
Wisteria Sinenss. .......................I0
Crotalaria Retusa (West India Rattlebox, or
Yellow Sweet Pea), good plants, each...."....1O
HS-TO those who purchase 25 cents worth of
bulbs or plants and enclose cents additional
towards paying postage will send cuttings of
a handsome, fragrant, cream tea rose; or if pre-
ferred of the Cherokee rose; both fine evergreen
climbers; of variegated Lantana cuttings.
SEEDS.
Two cents per packet. or packets for Sc.
Gamma Flaccida, G. Giant Cardinal, G. Nepalen
sis, Balloon vine, White Cypress, Thunbergla,
Wisteria, Velvet Bean, Crotalaria, Racinus
palma Christi). Lantana, Zinnias. mixed, Mari
gold, Coral Honeysouckle.
At SC. packet or two for &c.
Bryonopsis, marble vine, with lovely little
round fruits, notified red and white; Brazilian
Morning Glory. lavender blossom; Mexican
Ipomea, white Mexican Moon Flower; Balsam
Apple, the variety with mall scarlet fruit.
Hay-To all who purchase eight cents worth of
seeds. sending self addressed, stamped envelope
will send packet of fine Watermelon seed,
saved from choice melons. by myself; or if pre-
terred Crotalaria seed.
a9-If seeds or plants do not give satisfaction
would pe glad to be informed.
M. G. Mills.
st. Thomas, PascO County, Fla.