Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1896-12-24

be secured for its suppression Il wiIl prove n
calamity we cannot at present estimate.
The army worm. chinch-bug, Hessian fiy and
nm almost Innumerab.e number OF pests are
responsible for millions OF dollars worth OF
grain each year that are Totally destroyed.
The loes ~ the ehinch-bux some seasons
reaches over soopooooR by the Hessian fiy
los Of si0oeo0.00 Is not uncommon.
ANATOMY.
Insects DO not breathe through their mouth
~ do the higher animals, but through little
openings along the sides Of their bodies. In
combating insects some knowledge Of their
structure IL necessary. For example 1t must
be known whether the pest has biting or suck
ing mouth-2arts. Such insects as grasshoppers,
cabbage worms and potato beetles have biting
mouth-parts and can be destroyed by any Of
the arsenics. such rs Paris green. London pur-
pie, &C. with sucking insects these remedies
would prove useless. as they take their food
by inserting their beak through the bark or
epicermal layer Of the plant and draw their
nourishment from within. Thus the poisons
at the surface OF the plants would not be eaten
at all. with insects OF this nature some exter-
nal insecticides, such rs kerosene emulsion,
whale-oil soaps, &c, should be used.
SOME DANGEROUS PESTS.
Any Of the leaf-eating insects. such as the
apple-tree tent caserpillars. can be destroyed
by any Of the arsenics. Paris green is the best
remedy for the apple-worm or codling moth.
The trees should be sprayed just as soon as the
blossoms fall. while the young apples are no
larger than peas and in an upright position.
general spraying should follow in about
two weeks The Paris green should be used
at the rate of one pound 20 l55 TO 30 gallons Of
wwnas.. IL II.
mixture at the rate OF pound 10 IS gallons OF
the mixture. The same remedy Is recommend
ed for the Plum curcuiio. Thespraying should
be done as soon as the fruit sets.
For scale insects. such as the San Jose scale
Peach Leeanium, &c. whale-oil soap should
be used at the rate of "a to "a pounds 20 gal
Ion Of water. The spraying in this case should
be done while the trees are dormant, and not
when In full foliage. Late fall or winter il the
best time 10 spray for these pests. In case OF
the oyster-sheli bark-louse or the senefIy bark
louise. the spraying sh0sild be done in the
spring, and i'm this case kerosene emulsion
should be used. IL should be diluted ut the
rate OF one part Of emulsion to or 10 of water.
The time OF spraying must be determined by
the time OF Matching of the insects.
For insects in stored grain, such as the grain
moth, sometimes known as the weevil or white
fly, bisulphide of carbon should be used. This
Is foul smelling liquid. very volatile. heavier
than air. and is sure death to all insect life,
even rats and mice In bins where grain is
stored. The liquid can be thrown directly upon
the grain without injuring its vitality or edi-
bic qualities. It Is preferable, however to
place II In shallow dishes or pans on the grain
One pound and a-half of the liquid is sufficient
for a hundred bushels of wheat or corn. In
empty bins one pound Is sufficient for every
LOO cubic feet OF air space inclosed.
The tobacco worm can be kept down by hand
picking, which Is tedious, by poisoning the
adult moths with cobalt. which should be placed
with n quill In the flower or blossom OF the
jamestown or Jimson" weed. The moth
sucks this poison In obtaining nectar. little
whisky and water poisoned with arsenic can
be used in the flowers for the same purpose.
Fall blowing should also be practiced for the
destruction Of the pupe in the ground. Any
thing to disturb them in their winter quarters
Is productive of good.
The audience was much pleased with
Prof. Johnson's remarks, and when he
had concluded was asked many ques-
tiOns, to all of which he returned prac-
teal and satisfactory answers. Prof
Johnson thought Paris green was the
coming remedy for the destruction of
the tobacco worm, and stated that I
pound of Paris green to 45 gallons of
water made a mixture of the proper
strength.
In replying to J. ii. Reeder's question
on spraying apparatus, the professor
said: II need not be expensive; need
not cost over 50, and would be the best
investment you could make. You should
spray vegetables and trees.
j. Clement Cawood asked Is there
any way to get weevil out of wheat
Answer. The weevil or grain moth is
one of the easiest of the insect pests to
combat Use bisulphide of carbon, but
don't remain in the granary too long
when fumigating it, The chemical is
manufactured at a very low price; E. r.
Taylor, Of Cleveland, Ohio, sells it for
10 cents pound. II pounds is sufficient
to treat 100 bushels of wheat 1t is well
to treat bins Beforehand pound for
1000 cubic feet. The chemical is sold
in Drug Stores for from IS to 40 cents
per pound. The weevil is one of the
worst pests in this section. Grain eaten
by the pest is worthless, for it hollows
out the inside. The moth deposits egg
on grain, matches into a worm, which
burrows into grain and hollows it out.
First fumigate your bins and whitewash
them. After grain is put in, throw ma
terial right on it. II will have no dele
teriOus effect. In Slated corn house,
cover Stats for about "a hours and use.
II grain is in bags, set in top of bags a
small vegetable dish containing about
one ounce of the stuff and close bag.
Prof. Johnson described the Hessian
fly, and said it energies in spring from
the little fax seed and is very like mos
quito. 1t goes into field in spring and
deposits its egg on wheat Compound
arsenical preparation with Bordeaux
mixture and it will kill insect as we'll as
destroy the fungus growth.
Spraying is an extremely profitable
'nuS, AVA sou VIII get three times as
much fruit from sprayed plants as from
non-sprayed.
Prof. Robinson said he would like TO
have an opportunity to make brief state
ment. He told of an instance that came
under his observation while he was To-
bacco Inspector. A planter sent to Balti-
more hogshead of tobacco weighinglO5O
lbs, but il was so mixed that he was of.