The daily morning journal and courier., 1896-01-24

| Jude to but one Of these, ana thls IS the little church of St, Angelic in Pescheria, built over twelve hundred years ago, In which Rienzi, at midnight, summoned all citizens to re-establish the Good Estate" then bareheaded and in com plete armor he led them to the Capitol. This is the church in which the Jews Were compelled to hear a sermon every month. This order was given by Pope Gregory XIII in l575, anG at stated times messengers were sent into the Ghetto to drive Jewish men, women and children into this church. If they were inattentive their cruel tyrants dashed their backs with scourges. The prophet exclaimed, Compel them to come in," and the good Pope was determined that Jews should be.compelled at least once a month to hear a proper sermon.
 We will now cross over the Tiber by l the Ponte Rotto. The Fiber rushes along with its yellow flood the same as ! it did in the olden days of Rome, and after heavy rains the turbulent rushing of this ancient river suggests many ref erences of the old poets and prose writ CTS who evndently regarded the Tiber as mighty river whose unabated force l old days the river banks were low, and the waters, flowing with little restraint, wrought great havoc, and on that ac- count the Tiber endeavored to pass it. self off as a first class river, but, alas it is after all, only a big stream.
 The portion of Rome which We have now entered is known as the "Traste- vere," the old Regis Trans Tiberina," lof the Emperor Augustus. It was dense ly settled, and until twenty years ago still possessed its ancient appearance.
 The inhabitants being born across the Tiber," proudly claim to be descend- I ed from the ancient Romans They are lindeed stronger and more vigorous than their .neighbors on the other side of the Tiber The men and women are tall and handsome, but very passionate and l easily excited and there is more crime committed in this quarter than in any other part of Rome.
 Let us hasten through the network of narrow streets and lanes, where there are many ancient churches and old Roman remains and medieval palaces. A few minutes walk will bring us to the "Janiculum Hill," which rises grandlS above the city with a perfect mantle ot fine expresses and many churches and extensive gardens stretching far away toward St. Peters, One of these gar dens, or rather, broad estates, is the tract of ground about the Villa Doria Pamphily. These gardens are very ex- tensive and form one of the most fash ionable drives and promenades in the lefty. The wealth which established this magnificent estate was extorted by the sister-ln-law of Pope Innocent X. dur ing his long reign
 I'he Villa Doria occupies the site of certain gardens owned by the Roman emperor, Galba, and here he was nur- dered A. D. 6S. The ancient name of the Janiculum was Mons Aureus so called from the abundance of yellow sand which is to be sean here. The name still survives fn St. Pietro in Mon torio, the glorious old church which was built in 15O0 by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. It stands on the side of the Janiculum, 197 feet above the river. A tradition of 1900 years states that St. Peter was crucified here, and pilgrims from every quarter of the globe resort to this church to view the spot Where St. Peter was crucified head downward. He made this request of his executioner. alleging that he was not worthytto suf- fer in the same manner in which hls Lord had died before him. The view from the piazza in front of this church is probably one of the most interesting in Europe. It takes in far to the right the grand Basilica of St. Paul's without the walls and embraces nearly one hum Edred very interesting and his toric places far around to St Peter's and St. Onofrio on the extreme left. The historic hills of Rome are spread out right before us and the distant mountains of Albani, Gennaro, Leonessa and Soracte rear their lofty summits against a cobalt fsky. Behind us the Janiculum stretches and slopes imperceFptiby toward the Romano Campagna in the direction of the great Mediterranean toward Civita Vecchia To fully appreciate this gor- geous view one should frequently resort hither and at each visit the effect seems more lovely. Ysi,@4sy 'sa
 A temple of Janus in very early times gave its name to this hill and this same Janiculum Hill was called by the Ro- mans the "Key of Etruria" for Janus was represented as holding a key in his hand.
 Nuna Pompilius, the first Sabine king of Rome, was buried upon this sacred hill and his great books of sacred laws were buried with him. In the sixth cen- tury of the republic, or about 150 B. C., the tomb of Nuna was opened, and the books were dug up by the verdict of the senate. They were burned for fear that their tendency might undermine the be- lief in the Roman my thology.
 Many legends cling about this grand old Janiculum.
 Here Ancius Martius built his citadel as a menace against Etruria, and some of its foundations are still to be seen. From the Janiculum Tarquinius Priscus obtained his first view of Rome, and here an eagle, which afterward became the sign of Roman power, snatched away his cap, which was considered a favorable omen. Here Lars Porsena came to assist Tarquinius Superbus against Rome, at which time the Pons Sublicius was so bravely held by Hora- tius Coce1ius. The legend of Mutius thrusting his hand into the blazing coals originated on the Janiculum, and the time will not suffiae to refer to the count less tales of folk lore connected with IL. .1t