davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
John Bulls Rule in Eli.

The civilization with which we pro
pose TO mend the aboriginal races OF
the world seems in most cases far moI%
likely TO end them. An example OF
this is TO be found in Fiji The Eijinns,
long before their annexation TO Britain.
were prosPeros, peaceful and content
ed race. and most OF them had been de-
vout Christians for many years Dur
ing the last % years their condition has
been steadily d.teriorsGng. The copU-
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
Threw Awa1 His Canes

Mr.. n Wiley. eX-pOStmaster. Black
Creek. y. Y. was 50 badly afflicted
with rheumatism that he was only able
to hobble around with canes. and even
then it caused him great pain. After
using Chamberlain's Pain Balm he was
50 much improved that he threw away
his canes. He says this liniment did
him more good than all other medi-
cines and treatment put together. For
sale at so cents per bottle by druggists.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
ROPE TOROGGANING.
The Startling Performance CT the Badi
India

in India.
Some curious customs are 10 be found
among the inhabitants OF the north.
west provinces OF India. The follow.
ing, for instance. Is related Of a cerN
mOny performed bv Bsdis. or rope
dancers. TO bring prosperity To the vii
lagos 10 winch they belong. The rite
IS commonly performed in the earn
WALL villages dedicated 10 Mahadeva, al
propitiatOry festivals which are annual
y held in his honor.
4 rope is stretched from the summit
Of cliff 10 the valley beneath. the ends
being made fast TO stakes driven into
the ground. The Badi. seated astride
on wooden saddle. well creased &c
make 1t run freely, rides from the toy
10 the bottom Of the rope. The pace, Of
course, varies according 10 the degree
or inclination given 10 the rope. but
as may be expected, it is always very
ralid, and sometimes terrific.
Precautions er>s taLan 70 r-svAnr 80
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
Mother Goose Carnival
Given by the ladies OF
st. Johns Episcopal Church,
Garfield Hall,
Tuesday, wednesday & Thursday Evenings,
February II, II, Is.

Good music, pretty tableauX, living
pictures Entire change Of program
each evening. The young people Of the
church viii give some new and inter-
esting drills in costume. Bellamy Drill,
Mother Goose Quadri5a, Colonial Min
uette by twelve children in Colonial
costume.
Booths for the sale of candy, ice
cream. flowers, paper novelties, and re-
freShments.
Admission. 10 cents.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
AdYice To NInthers

Mrs WinsIow's Soothing Syrup
should always be used for children
teethiny. II soothes the child. softens
the gums. allays all pain. cures wind
collie and is the best remedy for
diarrhoea. Twenty-Five cents d boz
tie Used by millions Of mothers.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
ARE YOU GOING TO KANSAS CITY,
REMEMBER THE MISSOURI PA
CIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY

r. the Ony line that runs = strictly
Wlchitz-Kznsas city train Leaving
Wichita az 9.0J 2. m, arriving at Kan
sas City next morning al TO. This
train Is made up az Wichita. and there
fore always leaves on time. Nice chair
cars and Pullman slsepefs.
Notice the leaving time. and the next
time you 20 20 Kansas City take ths
Missouri Pacific. Always On time.
Never late. Fine equipment Leaves
Wichita az a reasonable hogr and ar
rives at Kansas City neither too late
nor too early. Ticket once Iil North
Main street Depot corner Second and
" .chits streets.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08

1t is the old lessons worthy pur-
pose, patient energy for its accomplish
ment, resoluteness undaunted BY diff
eulties, and then success.-W. NJ. Pun
Shon.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
CARNIVAL AT Ell PASo
TEXAS
se9.75 ROUND TRIP.

VIA. THE SANTA F'E ROUTE.
Tickets on sale February S 10 i in
elusive. Limited Ia return February
-. An extension of so days can be OBJ
tanned by depOsidng tickets with joint
agent prior 10 February 80
An exceedingly cheap rate OF $50 %
will be made for the round trip. RI
Paso 10 the City Of Mexico and re-
turn.
For further information call on or
address, TAGG & CARNEY.
City Ticket Agents
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
Great Weight Lifted.

81 presume, Mr. Harl1us," said young
SorreltoP, who had lately married into
the family. Ethel will take her piano
with her when we GO to keeping house ?"
Indeed she will not" answered his
fathcr-in-law. That piano belongs TO
her mother
Thank you. Mr.. Harkus! Thank
you" exclaimed the young man. grasp
ing him fervently by the hand; and the
light of great Joy shone in his eyes,
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
CHANCE OF TRAIN SERVICE OK
liz KOCK IsLAEU RoTTE

Cornmencing Ssaesy. u~r 4. tain
70 2 eeving Wschi.a so- tse ga-s.s
a. Sc n VIII ruD eaily ez1erE s1r,-
czy ard trzin No. :. leaving fsr -
Norta AZ LIZ . IA daily s1crps So
Sor.h - I415 - "a daily szc--y. No.
day. J. II PHILLIPS.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08

Ina You dou't thirk jerk would
Ilzrry ne for ~ EloDey. DO you?
Maude-I don't kEols. iOu Eaight ~
him--Tovn Topics
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08

"AH,n exclaimed the cannibal chief
smacking his lips. s'what kind of minister
was that we had for dinneri" Your ex-
cellency." replied his companion, i should
say he was prime minister. "-N onkerS
Statesman.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08

Nhe, Bc5y was sick, we gave her Castoria,
When she WIS a Child, she cried for Cassoria.
When she became Miss, she chung TO CSstoris
When she lad Children. she gave them Castoris.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08

A COUPLE Of JaiIbirds were drinking u
gether when one Of them took out his
watch. BLESS me- exclaimed his aston
ished companion, you've got watch -
Looks like it. "And how much did It
cost your' .Six nor lbs r-WsshingtOp
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
The Operetta Entitled
sHunt the ThimbIe," or
.J title NeIIs Surprise PaTty,"

VIII be given at Garfield Hall on even
ings of February and s, 1886, under
the auspices Of the Ladies Unitarian
Aid society and direction Of Mrs. NJ.
Bryant Admission % cents.
Tickets on sale at Goldsmith's ana
Winches' Book stores and Shoemaker
&, Miller's drug store.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08

Our people are growing more and
more in the habit of looking 70 Wichita
druggists for the latest and best Of
everything in the drug line. They sell
Chamberlain Cough Remedy. famous
for lis cures Of bad colds. Group and
whoOpinC cough. When in need Of Sucn
q medicine give this remedy a trial and
You VIII be more than pleased with the
rpS51lr
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08

Take TIE TerEzson stage frera PER-
70 P-SasS- ks<l< .. 49, 10 y
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
]. II. PHILLIPS. Agent:

The little daughter OF Mr.. Fred Web
Der. Holland, Mass. had a very bad
cold and cough which ne had not been
able 70 cure with anything. / gave hin
% cent bottle Of Chamberlain
Cough Remedy. says W. L. Holden.
merchant and postmaster at West
Brimield. and the next time saw him
he said u worked Ike charm. This
remedy Is intended especially for acute
throat and luEg diseases such as colds.
Group and whOoplng cough. and II ~
famous for its cures. There Is no dan
ger IN giving IL 20 children for 90 con
tains nothing injurious. For sale by
drIgpfgts
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
ATHLETIC EXHIBITION, Ell PAso.
TFXAS
FEBRUARY IA To 20, 1896

FEBRUARY "a TO 20 1895.
For the above occasion the Rock Is
land route has authorized a rate Of
one first class fare for the round trip.
Tickets TO be sold FEBRUARY 10 l.. inclu-
sive. Continuous passage each dlr,>-
ton, final limit FEBRUARY % 1896 Pas
sengers desiring TO do 80 can deposit
their tickets with joint agent az FL
PasO on or before FEBRUARY 20 and So
cure an extension OF thirty days from
date OF deposit The Mexican Central
railway will make the very low rate
OF $50 for the round trip from Fl Paso
10 Mexico City. good thirty days with
stop over privileges within limit. Also
various side trips equally low. Tbs
Rock Island Is the short line and IN.
cheapest. For other information call
on or address US.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08

TO CURE A COLD IN ONE DAY
Take laxative Bromo Quinine Tablets. An
druggists refund the money if ii fails o
cure &c
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08
Hack Line.

Exchange stables at Orlando ana Still
water We make a specially OF carry
Ing passengers between these points
Travelling mems patronage solicited.
SHINELY. VAN WYKE & SHIVELY.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-02-08

Born in Westmoreland County, 18th
April. 175S. Died in the City Of
New York 4th July. 1881.
BY order Of the General Assembly his re-
mains were removed 10 this cemetery 9Th
July. 1855. as an evidence OF the affection of
Virginia for her good and honored son
N Y. Press.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
MRS. BIggen's Funeral.

The funeral of Mrs. Irene q. Bigger,
who died on Thursday night at last
week after a lingering illness,
occurred at the Presbyterian church
Sunday afternoon at 2o'clOck. A very
large crowd was present to pay their
respects to the remains of their frienl
and acquaintance. The pail bearers
were j. =. Brown, Ii. Whiteside, b. l..
Myers, John Brehm, l.. A. Beebe, A.
L. Forsha, Il. Winery, W, M. White,
law, 7. f. Leidigh, !. F. Redhead and
E. S. Handy.
Rev. A. F. Irwin, pastor OF the Pres.
byterian church, of which the deceased
was an active member, conducted the
services and delivered an eloquent
eulogy on the life, work and character
of her in honor of whom the services
were held. After this address was
finished Rev. D. NJ. Moore, who was
for years pastor of the church, spoke
briefly of the virtues and character of
the departed. Excellent music was
furnished by the choir The selections
sung were lead kindly light" and
ASLEEP in Jesus" was sung as the re-
mains were being viewed by affection
ate friends.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
LINCOLN.

Did some one say the wind blew last
week?
Farmers are busy cultivating corn
which is looking fine.
j, B. Dane has gone TO TT. Smith Ar
kansas to visit his brother.
Wheat, gardens, and apples were badly
damaged by the winds last week.
Miss Cora Rea, of Hutchinson, visited
friends in this township last week.
Mrs. Susan Randall will start for ILL
nois today where she will make an ex-
tended visit.
G. W..Moore, formerly trustee, who
has been confined to his bed with rheu-
matism for the last i've years, is growing
worse.
Mrs. Emma A. Seeley died at her home
near Elmer last Tuesday. The funeral
was preachedat Elmer Thursday by Rev.
Pracht to large and sympathizing gath.
ering Of people, after which the body was
laid to rest in the Fair View cemetery.
She leaves husband aud two sons, two
brothers and two sisters to mourn her
loss. Mrs. Seeley will by greatly missed
in the community and especially in the
Methodist church in which she was Il con.
sistant and active member.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
A Very Ugly wound.

The latter part of last week Mr..
George Craig's little ten year old boy
met very painful accident. He was
standing on an old rickety chair reach
Jag for something on shelf when the
chair broke and he fell so that round
of the chair, which had previously been
broken with a sharp point, penetrated
his leg up in the thigh, and the whole
piece, nearly a whole round, pierced
completely through the leg. DR.. Seid'
linger was called, extracted the round
and dressed the wound. At present
the boy is said to be doing nicely.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
AlInest Killed.

&C. Conley OF this city, vino has for
some time been driving a lumber
wagon, almost met his death at Flor
ence, Kansas, Sunday, while attempt
ing to make his way to Kansas City on
the top of a passenger car. He got
along all right till he got to bridge at
Florence. While pulling across 1t his
head was struck with beam and he
was knocked off. He was, however,
saved from the wheels by falling on
the platform of the car. His head was
badly bruised and it was feared that
his skull had been fractured but he
was brought back to Hutchinson on a
freight and after having his wounds
dressed he appeared better and seems
to be doing well.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14

Somehow on last Monday night there
was little misunderstanding between
a fond mother and an erring girl who
wanted to see the world, She went
with her fellow" to see the midicine
show being admonished to return at
8 o'clock but she didn't 90 home till
morning, and told her mother she
stayed with . friend. Constable Hodge
learned from some source that the girl
was going to Wichita at o'clock, the
young man paying expenses, and asked
the mother about it, who instructed
him to arrest her if she attempted it.
The girl was ready and so was the con-
stable, and after it was too late the
young man was too. The deluded girl
was returned to her parents and some
one may get into trouble over it.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
Democrats In Cnucns.

At the meeting of democrats held at
the Midland hotel Wednesday May 10
for the purpose Of calling convention
to elect delegates to attend the CONVEX
tions to he held in Hutchinson and
Topeka and also to make the necessary
arrangements for the convention to be
held iG Hutchinson, Geo D. Barclay
was elected chairman and G. w, o.
wald secretary.
A motion was made and carried
unanimously that a mass convention
Of the democrats of Reno county be
held at the court house Thursday May
q 1896 and the chairman and secretary
be advised to call the convention for
that date.
A motion to appoint committee to
confer with the commercial club carried
and the chair appointed. NJ. R. Cain
S. F. Hutton and Jas. McKinstry.
BY unanimous vote the Midland
hotel was selected as democratic head
quarters during the State convention.
Mr. Barclay being called out, Mr. c.
L. Usher was elected temporary chair
man and appointed finance commit
tee as follows: Jas. McKinstry, S. F.
Hutton, j. M. Beam, L. A. Beebe, w.
Y. Morgan and j. d. Weiner.
The chair then appointed a commit
tee on general arrangements, with
power to appoint other members, con-
sisting of. S. F. Hutton, Chairman,
c. l.. Usher, G. W. Oswald, +. p. Het
finger and w. C. Devier.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
Special Attention TO Passengers.

Mr.. Chas. II. Durham has been APP
pointed as special passenger agent
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railway,
at Dearborn Street station, Chicago,
ILL.,, and will be on duty at arrival and
departure of all Santa Fe trains. Ills
duties are to attended exclusively to
Santa Fe passengers and see that they
are properly cared for and transferred
to ard from their proper trains. All
agents have been instructed to ad.
wise Mr.. Durham, the name of passen-
gers AMI when they will arrive for
whom special attention is desired, that
special attention be given them. This
is done to insure the proper care of
women and children travelling alone,
rs we'll as aged people. II
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14

Tuesday evening at the home of the
brides parents in south Reno, Mr..
Charming H. Scott was married to
Mss Blanch NJ. Beam. Rev. D. NJ.
Moore officiating. This is a case in
which the groom changes his name as
we'll as the bride. He has been known
almost universally as Harry FOntain,
which WAS "a name adopted by him
while travelling with show.
He has recently been employed on
the Bee and is considered a royal good
fellow. Success to the young couple.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
Charged with IA Horrible Crime.

E. G. Burdick, living on corner 9th.
and adams, was arrested Wednesday
night on the charge Of raping his six
teen year old daughter, Anna II, Bur
dick, and also assault on his fourteen
year old daughter, Carrie G.. Burdick.
The complaint was sworn to by a
member of the family befvre Juttice
Campbell and he was lodged in Jail.
This, Thursday, morning he was taken
before Justice Campbell and bound
over till tue Goth. and in derault of bond
was committed to Jail. The mother is
said to be very estimable woman and
is PROSTATE with grief.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
Fire and Death at nnrrton.

Monday night at Burton occurred a
fire in which one woman lost her life.
and hotel property to the value of
81 900 with no insurance. was burned.
The hotel was known as the Frisco
Dining Hall, and was about all the
property owned by the proprietor, Mr..
I. j. Simpson, who is a brother of Mrs.
Music of this city.
1t is not just known how the fire
caught but is supposed that 1t was from
an ashpan containing some slumbering
emberS which had been set away in the
kitchen by servant.
The family and the help occupied
the second floor and when the fire was
discovered the exit by stairway was
completely shut off.
Mrs. Simpson and Mrs. Bruner, sister
OF the landlord, who was visiting there
were rescued by men with ladder at
the window. also a hired girl by the
"alne uf lIanselman who jumped OF
Was thrown from the window by a mar
who climbed ladder, and was caugh,
by men below as she fell.
But one poor unfortunate, Mrs
ludlow, who Tas guest at the hote
became so frenzled that she could no
be helped or handled at all. MANY eff
forts We're made 10 save her lie till a
last the tender building crashed dow:
burning upon her, and her charred re
mains were taken from the ruins.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
"Rock 1sIand'' Playing Cards.

These popular cards are again for sale
at lOCents per puck, and thousands are
buying them. They are the slicke
card you ever handled, and 10 cents in
stamps or coin per pack will secure one
or more packs.
If money order, draft or stamps for
five packs is received (viz. 50 cents) we
will send them be express charges paid &.
Orders or single packs are sent by mail
postpaid.
If you want each pack to contain an
elegant engraved whist rules, remit with
your order , cents extra per pack.
Address, JNo. SEBASTIAN, q. p. A.,
Chicago
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
The Jnne neIinenInr

Contains choice represe ntation of
the reign ng modes and materials, as
usual. Mrs Chas S Smith tells about
Illustrating us a Profession for Women
and Frances Leeds" continues her
exposition Of household decoration by
describing the doing over Of COM
mOnplace parOr into blue and ivory
bOudOir. Also chapter on Seasonable
cookery, lace making, etc. Address
the Delineator ut to II, West Thir-
teenth street, New Ytrk.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
Republican Convention nt st. Louis
VIA BURLINGTON RIO IrrE.

For the national republican conyen-
ton at st. Louis. June IL, 1895, excur-
sion tickets will be sold at very low
rates over the Burlington route. This
VIII be the greatest political gathering
since the war, Preparations are being
made for entertainment on "A grand
scale; scores VI marching clubs in uni
form Will take part in parades; all the
prominent republicans of the country
VIII be present. Write to Major G. G..
Rainwater, $40 Washington Ave. chair
man of hotel and boarding house com.
mlttee in regard to accommodations
Consult your ticket agent In regard
to time and rates. l.. w. WAKELEY.
Gen. Pass. Agt., st. Louis, Mo.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
Mnrringe LIcenses

The following named persons have
been granted licenses to wed since our
last publication:
John Voth and Maria Butler both of
BUTLER.
Charming Fl. Scott and Blanch M.
Beam both of hutchinson.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
Orwhat Use Is Theory and Practice.

of what Use Is Theory and Practice:
ASK the teachers and the majority will
think of 1t only as embittering their life,
keeping from them a well deserved carti-
ficate and school, and on the whole, as a
nuisance, imposed upon them by tyran-
nically inclined state board, and vigor-
ousIy criticised by a county examiner,
who strong in the feeling of his own SUI
periority never allows sympathy for his
fellow teachers to enter his heart.
TO forsahe this mistaken idea is the
first step in progress. 1t is weakness,
of ours, always to blame others FOR our
own faults
You must assent to these principles.
LIST, A teacher, in order to teach success
fully, must have some knowledge GAY Of
the theory of teaching, i. e. of the nature
of his subject matter or the Child, COY of
the laws Of the development of the mind
and (c) the relation Of studies to each
other and to the mind development He
must also not only know these laws, but
be able to apply them, he must know not
Olly how to teach, but be able to use that
knowledge.
End. In order to ascertain, whether or
not an applicant possesses these require.
ments, Il few questions are put to him,
and his ans Ners determine whether or
not he shall be deemed competent.
Certainly, there is nothing unfair in
this. You must agree with us that you
should have some knowledge of teaching
before you should be allowed to teach.
Experimenting is too dangerous for the
child.
Again, you must agree with us that the
questions are not too hard. Such ques-
ton us "How may similarity aud differ
ence facilitate the thought process in ed.
uCation,' will not seem hard if you will
only remember the principles of classiti-
cation or generalization ia the thought
process, aud the laws governing memory.
Teacher, be honest with yourself. Do
not blame others for your failure. but
once and for all determine that you will
understand the principles of teaching and
their application, before you ever apply
for n partihaAta npnin
Is there any relation between the re-
peated failures OF Reno county teachers
and the meAgre attendance Of Reno
county normal schools? Decide for
yourself, but remember that you never
will be competent, nor be considered so,
unless you have had some training for il.
New York State demands Of all Der teach.
ers one year professional training.
The ouly place for training is a first
class normal school. You have one in
this county in the form OF the Farrlau
Normal School Of Hutchinson. 1t makes
specially of training teachers for their
work, and will accommodate you in what
ever you may need aud desire.
Pay us a yisi: and you will know what
to do, before taking the next examina-
toni. w Farr.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14
The chIcngo & Alton r. r..

Only stone ballasted track. Solid
vestibuled trains between st. Louis
and Chicago, st. Louis and Kansas
City, Kansas City and Chicago. Palace
Reclining Chair Cars Free. Pullman
Compartment Sleepers. Ask your
own home Ticket Agent for tickets via
the Chicago s. Alton Railroad, or write
d. BowEs, JAMES CHARLTON,
G.. Western p. A. G.. z. and T. n.
PIG N. Broadway, S.. Louis. Chicago.
Hutchinson gazette. [volume] (Hutchinson, Kan.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-14

Why sell your corn for Is and 1G cents
when you can get 20 cents for it at the
Standard Grocery? 1t will save you
20 cents on the dollar by doing so. l
want forty or fifty thousand bushels
for which l will pay 20 cent in trade.
Respectfully, Emory MCDEROIED,
Proprietor Standard Grocery,
Hutchinson, Kansas.