davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
TAKE A VACATION.
The Farmer Needs Rest as Much as the
City business Man.

The Farmer Needs q Rest as Much the
City Business Man.
This may not strike some of our read
ers as subject with which the pract!-
cal farmer has anything to do, but we
assure such that the most practical, sue
cessful farmer is the one who takes an
occasional day off-even prolongs the
lay to week or ten days sometimes.
Too many farmers seem to think that
the thing to do is to dig with main brute
force from early morning till late at
night with no let up for 312 days year.
and chasing round all day Sunday be
sides. Such men have a faint idea of
the good things they miss in life. The
farmers life at best has days of hard
toll that are sometimes long, but to
make every day long, hard one is not
doing ones best.
Plan to have as few days from sun to
sun as possible and break the monotony
of constant work by an occasional out
ing. One does not have to go to the
seashore or to mountain retreat to
have an outing; does not necessarily
have to take train or a wheel. A good
time of rest may be obtained by the
change to be had in trip by wagon
over the country from the home farm as
center.
Writing in the New York Tribune of
such trip, Webb Donnell expresses our
the farm team, put in supply of eat
ables for both man and beast, make
provision for camping out at night, and
make a trip through the country as far
as your time and inclination lead.
s'Think of the jolly dinners cooked by
the roadside and the pleasure of search
each night for place to camp! Then,
too, one would have continual interest
in the sight of farm after farm, with its
stock and it's methods Of work. Some of
these farms you may have heard of be-
cause of some peculiar excellence, and
you will want to visit them as you go
along.
"Such drive can be made the means
of great pleasure and much practical
good, and when the horses turn In at the
old place again I'm quite sure they will
bring home load Of people greatly
benefited by the experience. When 1oa
get home from tn -aeme oths~% Ut-
ing begin to plan sulaightway LOT tie
outing next year You can't think what
pleasure the anticipation and planning
will give every member of the family.
1t will tighten the whole years labor.
We take things too seriously; we don't
relax enough. Suppose bit of such
recreation does cost something? What
are we in this weld for? greatly
question the idea that it is to make
mere working machines of ourselves.
Besides. one can work so much better
after rest of this sort that he will soon
more than make up the cost"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04

on about 80 animals. We have, how
ever, secured fully as satisfactory re-
suits by using quart of fish oil in which
was miNed about two tablespoonfuls Of
crude carbolic acid. Fish oil is go cents
per gallon in Lafayette. These liquids
are applied on the body with fiat paint
brush about four inches wide. Fish
oil is especially disagreeable to flies, and
is probably largely used in the special
preparations sold at high prices. There
is one objection to using any form OF
tar, in that it makes the hair sticky,
which accumulates dirt, and so gives 1t
bad appearance.
Stockmen would do we'll to break up
the manure in the pasture whenever
possible, as the flies deposit their eggs
in it, from which the young are devel-
oped. If the manure is gathered up or
broken to pieces within a day or so, and
If remedies to keep off the flies are APP
piled to the cattle, the insects will dis
appear only in the season.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04

clover comes bass, or linn wood. Gem
orally the flow from bass wood is much
heavier and is only second to clover in
quality. Sumach, which follows. gives
beautiful goldcn-colored honey. but
tastes of the shrub it is gathered from.
One advantage with it is that it rarely
Tails to give at least a fair crop.
Either when extracted or sold in the
comb care should be taken not to allow
1t to remain in the hives for any con-
siderable time after it is sealed over.
as there is always the risk of it's being
so'led, at least in color, if allowed to
remain in the hive. Like nearly all
other products, its appearance is always
an important factor in selling to the
best advantage. This is another good
reason for keeping each class separate.
= ST. Louis Republic
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
VIg1TE WoND-r rCWIG

ere moderately leathe12l. Ore who
NY thc white wonder" fer the iii.t
nae would he lie" 10 cell it Il very
.1@o. r.; lcr-sh&nhcd WI &c E'yar-
'otte. Bi q as it is believed 10 have
cen. il IS rot SURE sing that il should
IL an oXc2llent layer and a very good
t2!Ie fov j, and that It should be hardy,
ALSO. Ill these qualities it unqucstion-
ably possesses, and these qualities have
served to give it some popularity in
spite of lis superintendent of dis
qualified white Wyandotte. Birds of
this breed have been sold, not only in
'his country. but also in foreign lands.
A few years ago white wonder"
club was organized to foster this breed,
and the club has apparently been well
managed, for it has kept the breed be-
fore the public and has aided in increas-
ing it's popularity. To sum up the
whole matter, the white wonder" is
an excellent practical fowl, but it's close
resemblance to the white Wyandotte
has prevented it from becoming very
popular among fanciers. They, as a
class, prefer the white Wyandotte for
show purposes.
1t is interesting, however, to study
the results that are got in cross breed
ing or in making new "breeds." 1t is
a pleasure that is within easy reach of
every poultry keeper. But to originate
a new breed that will hold it's charac-
teristics and not throw back" (atav-
ism) to it's ancestors, is quite difficult
Orange Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
PINE EGG GASES.
rhey Are Liable to Impart q Bad Flavor
and Smell To Eggs.

rhey Are Liable to Impart q Bad Flavor
and Smell 10 Eggs.
The trouble with pine for egg cases is
that it is very liable to impart bad
flavor and smell to the eggs. This oc-
ours in the presence of moisture. When
eggs come out of cold refrigerator car
into a warm atmosphere they become
damp-often wet-from condensation;
so does the case itself. This causes the
pine to emit a strong, pungent odor
which taints the eggs. The same effect
is noticed in damp and muggy weather.
We have observed q number of in
stances lately where eggs in pine cases
have been returned from buyers on the
ground that they were tasty" though
apparently fresh and sound. Investi-
CATION has shown that the trouble was
due entirely to the absorption of the
nu1,gent pine aroma from the wood.
For holding in ice house the pine
case is absolutely tabooed; and even
for ordinary use in marketing stock for
current demands, it is detriment UNI
der any but the most favorable condl-
lions. 1t is best to pack stock in such
q way as to give it the benefit of every
outlet. and so as to avoid all accidents.
The white wood case is far the best
case made and should be universally
adopted, at least for packing stock OF
first quality. A white wood case with
medium filters and No. 1 filler as top
and bottom layer, is free from objec-
ton, and if properly packed should pre-
vent many of the losses which often
harass the less careful packer.-N. Z.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
AMONG THE POULTRY.

A fresh egg has lime-like surface to
It's shell.
1t is not essential to keep growing
chickens fat.
Clean the nests regularly to keep
them free of vermin.
If the hens lay soft-shelled eggs give
them plenty of gravel.
To make most profitable fowls, they
should be fattened rapidly.
The food must always be varied
enough to keep the chickens with a
good appetite.
Overlooking is expensive. 1t not only
costs more for the feed, but the hens
get too fat and lay no eggs.
Too much soft or cooked food is not
good for fowls. They need some en-
ployment for the gizzard.
Fresh air, clean water, varied food,
with plenty of range, are essential to
the health OF thrift fowls.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04

galvanized iron casing 10 inches in dame
Ter e. pump rod, 212-inch oak; d, pump
spout with plug: c, overflow pipe, 212 inches;
T. hose bib or cock; e, trough which carries
water into pond.
eyca5ating to depth of three feet and
making a bank of the earth with that
taken from the inside. This holds suf-
fcient water to supply 2h acres, and
cost me $14.S5. Water in abundance is
found in the valley of the Arkansas, at
depth of about six feet. A 10-inch
iron casing galvanized, and punctured
so as to admit water, was sunk In the
grave TO a depth Of Is feet. In this
pump vas placed with 5-inch cylinder.
the stock projecting about six feet
above HE surface of the ground. Over
this was placed a 10foot windmill
mounted on a 40-foot tower. Since
its erection there has always been suf-
fcent wind to keep it running rapidly,
and the rnnd can be filled at the rate
Of 1,oI0 gallons per hour. In order to
secure pressure for distributing water
about the house and barn, watering
trees flowers, grass, running a foun-
tain, washing buggies, watering stock,
etc. stand-pipe system was construct
ed. I secured 2G-feet of 1O-inch gal
vanzod casing, bolted it to the top of
the pump stock, had a plug fitted to
screw into the spout of the pump, fas-
tened q 2is-inch waste pipe on the out
side Of the larger pipe, tapped the pump
stock 10 inches above the surface, and
the problem was solved. With a 80
foot head I secure enough pressure to
throw a stream of water 10 to IS feet
high and 25 to 30 feet horizontally. IF
grass and flowers will grow on the
banks Of the fish pond, it will not only
he useful but will be thing of beauty.
expect to stock it with fish as soon as
the United States fish car comes this
way. The arrangement of the reservoir
and pump is shown in the accompany
ing ustration.-Orange Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
OIL OF SASSAFRAS.
Said to Be Sure Death to Lice ON Young
and Old Chickens.

Said to Be Sure Death to Lice ON Young
and Old Chickens.
Yes, sir, Oil of sassafraS will kill lice
on old and young chickens, and if you
think it worth publishing l will give
your readers some more of my expert
ence with the oil, says correspondent
to the Poultry Keeper.
All who are raising chickens know
that the greatest trouble with young
chicks is the large gray head louise,
which kills more chicks than any dis
ease they are afflicted with.
L cannot agree with some of your
readers who are advocating the use of
lard to kill lice on little chicks, as I
have killed about as many with the
lard as 1 have saved from lice For lit
tie chicks the sassafras oil beats any
patent medicine yet invented. After
finding that the use of the oil IN the
food will kill I've pest ON grown
chickens, tried it on chicks. When
ever I set a hen / give her every third
day ten drops of oil in little bran or
meal until she is through setting. As
soon as the chicks are two days old, I
give the hens and the chicks fourth
of teaspoonful twice a week | have
at present GO chicks five weeks old, and
they are the finest looking lot 1 ever
had. l prefer sassafras oil over every
thing | have ever tried for lice for the
following reasons: First. it is no trou-
bic at all to use it, as it is given in the
food; second, there is no danger of
killing any chicks with it; third, there
is no handling of the chicks. Kerosene
emulsion is excellent. I tried it as soon
as I found it would Kill lice, and it is
excellent TO put in whitewash used for
tee hen house.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
SIMPLE LEVEL.

given point. The water in the bottles
gives level as a starting point. A
slight elevation of either end shows
Immediately, as with an expensive in
strument. A pole containing paper,
rag or other discernible object is set
up and a sight is taken. The actual
fall can be discovered by calculating
the difference between the height of the
level and the object sighted. The dis
lance between the points of observation
is measured either by chain or rope, or
by the number of steps. The fall per
rod can be easily figured out when the
distance from point to point is ascer-
tanned. Several grades have been esti-
mated by this means, and canals of wa
ter carried round the slopes of noun
tains with exactness.-Joel Shoemaker.
in Orange Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
Hints About the Horse.

In cleaning them, if they will not
stand the currycomb well, get five or
Ten cent brush made of broom corn,
used for scrubbing in the house; they
are very stiff, writes j. w. Palmer. 1t
uorses are troubled with the scratches,
NIX two parts lard and one part gun
powder thoroughly, and apply on the
pace affected; it is cheap and effective.
% mango your stable as to save all
VI The urine, as it is very valuable; have
vement floors if possible. Do not hang
narness in stable if you can avoid it.
10 not feed too much hay, and avoid
watering Immediately after feeding
Aorse much of a dinner. If you have
whole rye, you can feed little, and
saVe expense and trouble of grinding
~ TO young horses only. Use good
snaps on lines and side straps at least,
anu by so doing save time, which is
money on a farm. Farmers need to be
cautioned about watering horses when
heated
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
Hen. Need Meat Occasionally.

It is said that in the fowl kingdom in
sects, grasshoppers, bugs and worms
take the place of meat; SO that when by
yarding our poultry we cut them off
from their natural larder, we should
supply them from ours. Fresh meat is
preferable for this purpose to bacon,
and lean meat rather than fat. They
will accept the refuse from the slaugh-
ter house-the liver, heart, etc.-with
greater thankfulness than we do the
choicest cuts. All they ask is that the
tough portions be cut up small enough
for them to swallow, and they will take
it cooked or uncooked with equal avid
ity. Fresh ground bone, with bits of
meat and gristle adhering, will make
for them an ideal food and bring many
eggs.-Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04

nail rough boards, as shown in the cross
secvtion in Fig. 1. This will hold the
heaped-up earth in place till the sod is
applied, and thereafter will give great
fi1mness to the terrace until nature so
compacts all the materials as to make
slipping impossible, as shown in Fig. 2.
There is shown in this cross-section
an excellent point in applying turf to
terraces. The end of the roll is begun on
the level top of the terrace, and is carried
out over the edge and down the slope,
thus giving no open crack at the upper
edge, where an opening is specially
detrimental to the well-being of ter
race. AS sharp ard distinct an edge can
be made in this way as where the OPEN
ing comes at the edge, while the results
of the former practice are far superior.
Country Gentleman.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04

races. They are an abomination in the
sight of good landscape gardening; and
as for three terraces, one above an
other-well, words fail me fifty to
characterize such atrocious mutilation
of the "old sod"
In making a single terrace, it is a
somewhat difficult matter to make a
loose bank of earth remain in place
until the sod is applied, and even after
the sod is in place any pressure on the
top of the terrace is likely to cause the
whole upper edge to slip off. To pre-
vent this trouble, drive two or three
rows of stakes along the extent of the
proposed terrace, and to the upper part
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04

The authorities of a certain parish in
Thurgau decreed that the day-schooi
teachers were in the future to receive
no presents from the scholars or their
parents. but they forgot to raise the,
salaries, by way of compensation, to a
nroportionate figure. An ingenious
dominic got over the difficulty by say
ing to his pupils: snow, my lads, to-
morrow am going to tell you about
Columbus and his egg, and SO each OF
you will have to bring an egg to schooi,
and those of you who have no eggs az
home can bring some bacon
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
CLASSIFYING HONEY.

N'fe Should lie Taken to Keep Each Fa-
riety Separate.
otter results in every way can be Sc
r r II care is taken to keep each
t ,bbLlety Of honey separate as it is made
through the season.
nm nus IS readily accomplished with ex-
NY saS'ed honey, and, to certain extent,
rs u comb honey. Generally, the first
H. 'pius honey obtained is from fruit
d, " While, usually, fruit bloom
,os s not afford much surplus, occa-
may 1t does, and sometimes quite
a. AanVty is collected. After this it Is
mS1 I possible to secure a considerable
plus from the different briar bios
Snas and this is nearly always of
ION. quality than apple and peach blos-
INV mat follow. The next surplus OF
n. qVantity is white wood, or poplar
soOs;sn' This, among beekeepers, Is
aIlSered the second best flow OBJ
QRouo through the season, and this,
Nrv sn not so clear and beautiful, is
Nos, popular in the market, being al
hsOs, rs much in demand as clover
AsS;.. White clover furnishes the
tea 1 flow and is considered the
iaip,r. Oney that is collected. It is GER
me finest looking. Following
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
NOTES ABOUT SHEEP.

The dipping of sheep twice year is
law in New Mexico.
The ram should be changed every two
years and improved.
Twenty-Five per cent. of Great Brit
ian's beef and mutton is imported.
The sugar beet is great sheep food
The feecy innocents thrive on sweets.
Roots, bran and oats make an excel
lent ration for ewes with young lambs.
As machine for turning weeds into
fertility the sheep goes long way to-
wards paying its way.
Put ground oats before the lambs at
an early age. They will soon learn to
eat and will greatly profit thereby.
C. P. Bailey has flock of Apgora
goats in California and Nevada aggre-
eating 10000 head He has on exhibit
tlon at the home ranch a fleece of mo-
mar weighing 10 pounds.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
KILLING HORN FLIES.
Instructions Furnished by the Director q
the Indiana Station.

the Indiana Station.
The following bulletin on this sub
iect is issued by the Purdue university
agricultural experiment station:
AT this season of the year cattle are
suffering from the persistent biting OF
the horn fly. This fly, which is smaller
than the house fly, congregates in col
onies about the base of the horns, along
up the back and sides, at tender points
about the TANKS and udder, and on the
belly.
This fiy sucks blood from cattle, and
so irritates them as no doubt to retard
the laying on of flesh with beef cattle,
and the production of milk by mich
COWS.
MANY substances have been recon-
mended to keep away the flies. The
Mississippi Experiment station recon-
mends two parts cottonseed oil or fish
oil and one part pine tar This station
applied this mixture to $50 head, at
total cost for material of 1920.
Kerosene emulsion has also been used,
spraying it over the cattle with KNAPP
sack sprayer. The flies are killed by the
emulsion If it touches them. The
emulsion may be made by mixing at the
rate of one pint of soft-soap Tor one
fourth pound of hard-soap dissolved in
boiling water) and one pint OF kerosene
in IS pihts of water, thoroughly whipped
and churned together.
At the Indiana experiment station,
VIE have tried different substances to
keep away the flies. None of these were
effective over two or three days. We
have tested a preparation called "Shoo
Flv." which answered very well for two
DAYS. The main objection to this is its
cost. 80 cents q quart, or $3.50 per gal
Ion in three, five and ten gallon cans.
One quart win do for one application
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
SHADE FOR POULTRY.

to escape the hot rays only to suffer
more inside than out, especially If there
are windows ON the sunny side, as
there are likely to be. A device like
that shown in the sketch will keep out
much heat from the poultry quarters.
A square frame of laths IS covered with
cheap cotton cloth nailed firmly at the
top of the window and kept at an angle
before it by lath on either side, as
shown herewith Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
THE "WHITE WONDER"
New Breed of Poultry Originated by
Vermont Farmer.

Now Breed of Poultry Originated by
Vermont Farmer.
The white wonder" was originated
by William N. French, of Vermont
While Mr.. French has kept his counse'
about the breeds used in the manufac
ture of the white WONDER" it is gener
ally believed, from the appearance anc
characteristics of the fowl, that thost
breeds are the light Brahma and the
white Wyandotte. The white won
DER is remarkably like the white Wyan'
dotte in shape, and has rose comb. But
it is considerably larger than the Wyan
dotte, perhaps on an average from ons
to one and a half pounds. Its shank
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
NOVEL GRADE Level.

It Helps In Laying Out bitches and 9th.
err Farm Operations,
An old farmer in Utah has discovered
a novel grade level which he uses in lay
ing out bitches and in ascertaining the
fall of streams. The continuance con-
sists of a perpendicular staff made like
that for a surveyors instrument. On the
staff is placed four-inch board about
three feet in length. In either end of
the board is fastened small bottle
partly filled with water. When the fall
of a stream or the slope of field is to
be ascertained, the level is set up at a
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-04
OF Great Help to vegetation.

Manures applied in the fresh form are
eminently helpful to vegetation, says
Prof. Shaw. They are so for the reason,
first, that their constituents have not
been lost; second, that when applied
as mulch they more effectively pre-
vent the escape of moisture, and, third,
that when reduced in the soil, rather
than lying in heaps, they unlock fer
tility in their decay, and so make it ac-
cessible to plants. That manure pos
sessed of its constituents must be more
valuable than when it has been depleted
of part of them needs no demonstra-
ton. Manure never can be so rich in
plant food as when it is fresh, for it can
gather nothing from without, and the
danger is imminent that there will be
more or less loss.