davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning times., 1896-03-15
POLITICAL POSTERS IN CAMPAIGNS

it. You didn't know that once upon time
Ben Buffers firm made all The banners FOR
political clubs. charging Democrats and Re
publicans alike. Ben Buffers banners were
of faSt-color bunting, and so We'll were they
made that TO this day there are some OF
them left that he personally sent out.
The campdign Banner, If 1T be OF Stars
and Stripes, is made like the American
flag. II letters are wanted, these are scwed
on by hand or are. done in gold leaf, or,
best of all, in Stitching with gold thread
through and through the banner, both sides
being stitched alike.
with the poster banner the situation is
greatly complicated, because there Is no
flag for groundwork, and you begin with
only with your piece OF bunting or SILK.
Ours SO far have been of silk.
The artist who has designed the banner
comes to you with the entire article paint
ed In water colors upon an immense sheet
of paper, exactly the size of the banner
that is TO be made Fifteen by thirty feet
we consider an immense campaign banner
Ten by twenty is fair size.
we take the paper banner, tack 1t to the
wall and set to work to copy 1t in a ma
terial that shall be more lasting than pa
per Take that campaign poster OF Hill
and Will show you what mean.
I'm Hills poster we begin with the stars
and stripes. They are put by hand upon u
white background. The stars must be placed
carefully, with their points spread, and
The morning times., 1896-03-15
WAR LEADERS OF EUROPE X
~-l==l~2
rlen Who VIII Command Armies
in Case OF ConfIiCt-Enor.
nous Military Forces.

nIand of the army of the Meusc, on the day OF
Sedan, crushed in the French left. and com
plcIed the Cincturc of blood and iron within
which MaCMahon'S 5 Inflated army was pen
ned. Later, during thc siege of Paris. the
army of the Meusc held the northern and
eastern sections or environment; and then
hauorcd by being attached 10 his staff |
had daily opportunities nf noting the crown
princes quiet steaufast alertneSS. not TO
speak of his skilled valor III thwarting Du-
CrUi : great SOrIfe ON the east of Paris.
King Albert is now in his siXty-eighth year,
but he is full OF vigor and activity.
II is highly probable That in the event of
war, Count WalderSee would obtain high
command. His tactand suayity made Wal
dersee very useful in difficult conjunctures
i'll tie course Of The warof S7O-7 l and both
King wiihclmand Me!tkcgavehima wkward
missions, in which, hc acquitted himself
10 their high satisfaction. He was recently
made field captain. and at present COM
!, mands the Sches wig Holstein Army corps.
His age is fifty-siX. although he looks young
er: he is active, handsome, ambitious, and
married TO lady who was originally an
American.
Field Marshal Prii1ce Albert of Prussia
was the brilliant commander of a crack
cavalry brigade in the Franco-Gernlan war,
during the advance on Paris. in the Orleans
region, and later. in The bitter winter, on
the SOmme, against the French general
Faidhcrhe. Al the age of fifty-cight the
dash requisite fora cavalry chief is no longer
conspicuous, but he Is an excellent and hHrd-
WORKING soldier, for he is on duty in the
| Hanover army inspection, commands the
| WeStphalian Army Corps and has been re-
gent Of the Duchy of;Brunswick since 1888.
In the event OF war he would be certain Of
an important command.
| On,. cannot leave eff writing about Ger
| man Officers without Il cordial word con-
! Cerning the senior OF all of them still in
| serviCe-Stout old Field Marshal Won Blu
menthal He is in his eightieth year, but,
! like old Papa WTdngel he scorns To
| die. He has n quasi SiRccure as chief OF
| the Berlin army Inspection, and considers
himself on active and important duty. He
| was an elderly man when | heard him,
near the end of the Franco-German war
| reply to question a TO Garibaldi'S inn
mediate future. In the grim words, yet
| words no grimmer than his face, If he is
| catchet, he will be shOoted.'
| In the course of the last two or three
| years the French army has suffered from
| the retirement of several of its most con
| Spicuous chiefs GallifGet, the ChivalrouS
| Cayalryman, who, on the afternoon OF
| Sedan, so her0icaIy led the French squad
! rons in their final fierce charge down tht
slope from the cavalry of Lily, has beer
retired from the service, and Davout, who
| confronted him in command of an ARM
in the brilliant mancuvcrs of 1891. ha!
accompanied him into retirement, beside
several others of great ability.
To fill their places adequately has not
in every case, been possible In the ma
neuverS of last autumn, in the Charmes re
The morning times., 1896-03-15

army corps in the Russia Turkish war of
1877, would probably have the position Of
commander in-Chief.
The present chief of staff, Gen. Ohrut-
cheff probably the best Strategist and tae-
ticfan in the Russian army, would retain
his position in war. as in peace. Wise and
cool-headed Miliutin, for many years war
minister, is gone, and his place is now oCcu-
pied by Gen. Vannovski, who fought on the
LON in 1877.
For some years past the greater part
of the army of European Russia has
hceu chartered on the westward from
tier from tic Baltic to the Black Sea, and
the three most important military dis
tricts, as being closest to tie German and
Austrian border lines, arc ttose OF Wilma
in the north, Warsaw in the center, in the
region where Russia projects a great
saliant into Prussia and Galicia, and Wilma
inthc sout hcast. The three best generals the
empre POSSESSES command these three I'M
pcrtant districts, and would no doubt do
so in the event OF war. Gen. Trotsku
commands the wilma province; Gen. Paul
Schuva loff, ~ Gourko's second in -com-
mand in the qRusso-TurkiSh war, in the
Warsaw proyince, and in tie Kieff prov
ince, brave NDr5gamiroff, whom when
his knee was $hatte red in the Shpka Pass,
helped to carry into comparative safety.
In the Asiatic possessions OF the En-
pire, Gen. Prince Kuropathin, Skobe-
leff's Comrade, and Il man of that great
| soldiers style of fighting, is now GOV
crnor-General Transcaspia, while Gen
Vreski is GogernGr-Gencral OF TurkeStan.
| Glorious Skdseleff, alas! is in his grave,
and Gourko can never again ride out in the
| war path. ,&A
Austria swaTtas with generals who differ
| from their fine soldiers, in that they them
| selves are s6ttTafa OF distinguished merit.
| There are however, some notable eX-
| ceptions. but most OF, the good men are old.
| Field Marshal Baron Won Beck has had q
| long and distinguished career, having served
| in the successive campaigns Of 40, '54,
! so and SO. IN the event of war he would
| probably be either himself commander in'
| chief or chief of the STAFF TO the emperor.
| He is in his sixty-sixth year.
| If Turkey should be involved in war,
the chief command would doubtless. bt
| intrusted to Gazi Osman PaSsha, the IA
lmous defender of Plevna. His first cam
| paign was in the Crimea. He served during
| the Syrian war of 1860, in the Cretan in
surrection of 1866. and in the Yemon cam
| paigu of 1S7172. In the Servian wal
of 1875 he was victorious in the pitched
battles OF Isvor and Zaitschar, and he occu
pied the Plevna position on July 20, 1877
holding it against vastly superior numbers
In three great battles and during five long
months.
GaZi Mukhtar Pasha, the hard fight
ing commander OF the Turkish army il
Asia Minor, still survives. Osman is il
The morning times., 1896-03-15

gion, Gems Duchamel and Du Benoist
proved themselves capable cavalry leaders,
but neither displayed the flashing coup
d'oeiI and brilliant dash of the absent
Galliffet.
The chief desideratum in the higher COM
mands of the French army is young men,
but that is a desideratum which seems
difficult of attainment The commander
in-chief of the French army, or, as he Is
termed for some occult reason, com
mander-in- chief Designate is Gen. Saus-
sier The following is description OF
this high officer, extracted from an official
document:
''Gen. Saussier is about seventy"-to be
accurate he is in his siXty-eighth year
about five feet eleven inches, very uil-
healthy looking, enormously stout, mounts
his horse with difficulty, driving when pos
sible in an omnibus horsed by heartillery.
During an action he remains sitting on the
ground To the casual observer he appears
physically incapable of commanding an
! army in the field, and in spite of good an
tccedents and undoubted ability, reasons
of health. in any other army, would nave
| shelved him long ago
Nevertheless, the indomitable Saussier,
| in the maneuvers of last autumn, eXer-
cised the chief command of the two armies
| in the field, with a united total OF l2O,OOo
men. One of those armies was coInmandeu
by Gen de Negrier, who owes his rapid adj
| yancementt TO his gallant conduct in Tonquin,
| and who, at the al ge of ffty-SeYen, is re-
| garded rs comparatively young.
Gen. lamont, commanding the other of
| the two armies under Sausser last autumn
| is an older man. Opposed to Saussler's
| two armies in the maneuvers of 1895 there
| was a skeleton army of 10000 men,
| onder the command of comparatively
| Young officer, Gen. Gioyanuin Eli, who
| displayed cXCeptionable ability, and more
| than once had the better of Saussler.
In the event of the early war Saussler,
in spite of his disabilities, would probably
! still be CommandeT-in-chief en- titre, De
| Negrier would probably command the prin-
| cipal army. and lamont and Eli, in all
| likelihood. would each have separate
| army command.
In one important respect we are certainly
nearer to the abstract possibility OF wal
than was the case three years ago. Then
there was not a magazine rifle in the Rus
sian army But after much tedious eX
perimenting q definite selection was made
of q weapon known as the "three-line'
| rifle the production and issue of which has
been pushed forward with great energy
| You cannot order two and half millio1
| rifles as you can q bundle of toothpicks
but the Russian artificers have now a
length all but completed the production
| of that vast quantity of up-to- date arms.
| In the event of war it is improbable
| that the present emperor will take the field
| His eldest uncle, the Grand Duke Vladimir
who served with credit in command OF al
The morning times., 1896-03-15
AST. PATRICK A FRENCHMAN? x
Was Taken as a Slave by the
Irish, Who Were Then
Fire WOrshippers.
lCnnrriph1. 1k9Gl.L
@-I==IS

Most holidays that are celebrated by
the banging OF drums tHe'wavirfg OF flags
ana the consumption. Of eaoFIn49ls quau-
titles of alcoholic liquors originated in
the church. St.Patrick'se day Is one OF
these.
There is a notion in most peoples
minds that st. Patrick was originally an
Irish peasant Toy who suddenly came into
prominence and earned his title by killing
OFF deadly reptiles by a wave of his hand
Shorn of the fiction. the story Of ST. Pat
rick's life is one of deep interest.
PAT BORN IN FRANCE.
st. Patrick was born in France, or. as
it was then called, GauI. Atleast the first
authentic history of him begins there.
1t is too bad to have to upset the popular
belief that he was an IriShman. but cold
historical truth compcIs it. According
to the esta bliShed laws of that day young
Patrick should have been one OF IreIand's
bitter enemies. for he was early in life
captured by the Scots, who ruled Ireland
aud was taken from France. his native
place to the Green Isle. where he was for
many years a slave III Ireland
st. Patrick was born an aristOCrat. His
father, CaIphumius, was, ii is thought a
prominent member OF the upper crust of
Roman society. His mother. Couche>sa,
was nearly reIarpJi 70 ST. Martin OF Tours.
Patrick. the boy first came INTO historical
prominence III GauI, one of the Roman PROV
luCes. But the glory of Rome was fading
and dark days were closing in on The great
empire. II was only Il heathcn empire.
The Emperor Constantine had il is true
seen the error OF his pagan ways and had
thrown ihe idols out OF the temples, and
after him came TheOdOsiuS, who ruled as the
| first Christian emperor.
But Rome gave up heathenism too late
| to escape the wrath of Providence and her
! le-eiOns were driven back N all directions
| until they were glad 10 int rcnCh themselves
| in the city of Rome
| All efforts To rally the iegions proving
| vain, the armies had been compelled grad
| uaIly to concentrate in a smaller aud small
| er compass. abandoning province after prov
| ince, until at last the gradually Iesseniue
| circle had become very small and the bar
| barian armies were laundering at the very
| gates of Rome.
! This meant, Of course. that all the outlying
| possessions had to be abandoned. aud among
| them the province in which young Patrick's
| parents had made their home. Many of tn,
| Colonists had followed the retTeating legion.
Of Rome, as people now gather in Havana
| But Patrick's parents clung Ia the home
stead. and when the fierce Irish came upor
them like an avalanche the little family
| suCCumbed. Young Patrick, with his sis
ters, was gathered in and sold into Slaverl
and his parents were killed.
/ SO Patrick began his career as 4 broken
hearted boy. He was carried to Ireland
The morning times., 1896-03-15
Brice Gives Opportunity
for a BeardSleyeSQue
and Picturesque
Effect.

o-c-r-a-t until every letter is perfect. She
then puts in the creases until it looks as
though blown by the wind. The handle is
long stitches in what she calls 'crewels.
The figure of the statesman is hardest.
The black coat is a piece of broadcloth cut
out like d man-doll's coat. 1t is first glued
i'll place, and finally stitched there by ar
tstic hands, and as the last touch Of art re-
ceives its white lines with white silk to
mark the creases in the coat.
The features, hands, hair and feet are
put i'll with silk thread, stitch after stitch,
until as perfect as the wrought tapestries
of the old saints. When done it is an ex-
quisite thing.
THE cost of getting up campaign poster
of this kind is very great If there were
enough call for it tO have MA achinery made
to order, with a special weave Tor each
poster, the work could be done cheaply. but
this is impossible, for each club has its o wn
candidate.
Take that Brice poster. Look at it
and see il we do not deserve credit for
working out the pose so carefully. As
q rule, we warrant our posters TO stand
water. but this one is an exception, as
we had 10 make the train OF cars in
lustrous silks, shiny as an engine, and
the iuster will come off Ii the poster is
to get wet. They are for ornament and
TO be hung in Il hall over the heads or
the orators who address the meetings.
The Reed poster which you see upon
the wall was the simplest to do. 1t has
not been sent out yet; neither have any
OF the others. But you are positively the
first one To see the Speaker in his char
acteristjc attitude the one always pic
tured for him by his admirers through
the country.
For the Reed poster we took pale yel'
low silk and placed The figure of Reed
upon il in dull silk, with the usual white
lines for lapel and tie. His head was
fortunate for uS in being a bit of outline
| work. and the gavel IL brown was the only
relief from the yellow and black-a striking
[ combination The lettering is in al col
ors. with preference for red, white, and
blue.
The cost OF a poster is rcckoned by the
work we put upon il. This poster OF
I Reed cost US only 500, while the one of
Brice might be put up al $500.
In reckoning this up you must count
/ the days taken by the tmbIOiCererS. We
/ must pay an ecclesiastical cmbToiderer 81
/ a day and she Will only work during the
| daylight hours. We tried TO get cheaper
I workmanship, and experimental upon the
| head OF Reed | wish you could have
/ seen il when il was done. II looked like
! the side Of a Cocoanut, with which the
I monkeys have played ball when the shcl
/ was soft.
/ The craze for posters is developing
The morning times., 1896-03-15
Archibald Forbes Says Eleven
and a Half Million Soldiers
Can Be Put i'm the Field
i'm a Few Weeks.

gIopyright. 1S9G. hy Archibald ForbesD
Today the duIicst ear cannot but hear the
brooding mutterug Of the impending rup-
ture OF the worlds peace. Everywhere the
earth suIIenly echoes TO the tramp of armed
men. Three millions OF soldiers belonging
10 the great powers of Continental Europe
Gre standing at attention. And this vast
mass of men, with weapons IN tGeir hands,
is but what Is termed tie peace strength"
OF the armies oI the FIVE great powers. in
less than a month devoted to mobilization,
these 100000 can swell into war
strength" amounting TOT the stupendous tCiai
of 10 500 600 armed men. with the ter
rible complement Of nearly $4,000 guns.
And these All hut incalculablc figures
apply only 90 the armaments of the i've
great powers. Vet the armed strengths oi
Bulgaria, RouWania. ScrYia, Greece and
Montenegro collectively furnish a total
OF nearly 500 eco lighting men. with loo
guns. Try TO think OF il! The war
strength" of mobilized Europe would COZ
sist of close on Il.5O0.0O0 soldiers, and
those exclusively field troops. with an ar
tinery complement OF 1890 1ield guns.
In round nusai,,-rs the German empire can
bring into service a strength of 2,0Uo.ogO
men. There are iu al twenty army corps,
Of which niuttecu are territorial while
the guard corps recruits picked men through
out the empire. Each army corps, with a
war strength 0i about $4,000 men, Is
small but oompl,lc army and the corps
commander is always full general.
The German army h8s not seen Il shot
fired in anger since tie great war OF
xSTO-7l, hut probably all The corps COM
lnanders OF todsy look part in that war,
Since his accession. in 1888, however, the
present emperor has been gradually seUd-
ing into retirement the Old warriors. But
promotiou is slow ia the German army, SO
that for { ne most part the army corps are
commanded by veterans, who, however,
are still hale. active IN body and mind. and
fully abreast of The times.
The emperor is the head Of the army. He
has seen 10 real war, but IN peace maneuyerS
he has proved over and over again his
practical skill and kuowlIdge of warfare
as regards both strategy and tactics. In
the event OF actual war, it is certain that
he viii be This own commander-in-chief.''
In the event OF war the emperor would
certainly take command OF the principal
German arm Y, and it is not less certain that
the command OF the army OF the next i'm
portance would be intrusted to that grand
old warrior, Albert. King Of SaXony. He is
the only chief now in activity who con-
manded an army in the Franco-GermaT
war. He it WIS who, being then crown
prince OF SaNOuy. with his own. the Saxon
corps, on the bloody day Of Grayeloue-St
Priyat turned BaZaine's right flank. and
at the head OF his gallant troops stormed
in upon Canrobert's stronghold in the fort
reSs-Iike village of st. Privat.
He It was who, having acceded 60 the com
The morning times., 1896-03-15
Celestine, the Pope, Sent Him to
Ireland as a TlissiOnary-He
Performed rIiraCIes-He
Lived I2O Years.

where for six years he was slave TO n
chief named MiiChu of Antrim, who EN-.
plOyed him chiefly tending sheep
And here begins the miraculous part
of his career. At night, it Is said, ne
received many visits from angels. and
planned the great work that he afterward
carried out so successfully.
At the end of six years young Pat
rick made his escape, and reaching the
coast. a seaport town called Benum-a
name that still survlveS-he managed to
get aboard a ship. whose captain, IL is
thought, was induced by divine power to
take the boy aboard After & slow our
ney. for which the queer travelling IA
ciIitieS OF the time were chiefly u blame,
Patrick at last found himself back to his
Old abode with his relative. ST. Martin, at
MarmOntret. The spot where he crossed
the River Loire is still marked With sign
and is held IN great reverence by the people
of the vicinity.
For thirty years after this. young Pat
/ trick studied, and worked, preached. made
| pilgrimagcS. and fitted himself for the
great work he had mapped OUtfOT himself-
he conversion OF idoiatrUus IreIand-for
for Ireland then wOrShipped idols. He
alwa ys kept this steadfastIy in view.
At the end OF this time. st. Patrick was
made a bishop. The POpe's name was
1 CeIeStiue. And he sent Patrick on the
mission so dear to him-a mission from the
Pope to take Christianity to the people
OF Ireland.
st. PailadiuS had preceded him. but had
| failed to make any Impression, ard had
/ retired without leaving 4 single convert
ST. Patrick landed in Ireland ID the
/ year 432.
/ Ireland at that time was peOpIed by
/ fierce and fiery race Of sun and dol worship
| pers, whose priests were the Druids. They
/ had. strange 70 say, a code OF morals OF
/ their Own, and they treated women with
| the greatest consideration. They were
/ barhlri1nS. for the Romans. vino Tor nearly
/ 400 years had been the couquefors OF
/ Britain. had 70 aCknOwlt dse that they could
10 nothing with the people of Ireland.
| InvinCibIe in warfare they were. too. and
| their code OF morals, which gave them
! rugged health was perhaps as much TO be
| credited with this result as their valOr in
| the field.
St Patrick's great ambition was the con-
I version OF his old master. Milchu. He
travelled north in the direction OF Ailehu's
castle. but when he came in sight of it q
/ great red light in the sky caused him TO halt
| in wonder HeSOOn learned the cause OF the
! glare. His fame as a converter of men had
preceded him. Something made the old
! warrior MilCbu feel, when he heard that st.
| Patrick was travelling to his castle. that he
would BE- lei t0dcSert the gods of his fathers.
Milchu detC -mined to prevent such hu-
initiating fate ny dying as he had lived. So
he set fire 20 his ancestral home and per-
iShed in the flames sooner than be converted
by st. Patrick.
The morning times., 1896-03-15

strange things. I saw woman gloating
over a water-colOr poster OF her baby,
light blue chcruh uEOn a green throne.
But when ii comes to sensible and inter
cSting things, / Go rot think there Is any
thing much more attractive than Ioliti-
cal campaign banner gotten up like a vivid
poster"
CLARENCE S. RUSSELL.
The morning times., 1896-03-15

the stripes cut away to make room for the
figure ornamentation.
The flag with ] am Democrat comes
next. 1t is piece of silk, cut right shape
and sewed upon the banner. The folds in
it are done by a girl who is a clever artist
with the needle. She has done much church
embroidery. With dark SILK she goes over
that white banner, tracing 1 am a DEM
The morning times., 1896-03-15
A Timely Suggestion .

''oh, Kitty, I'm getting so clever can
think in French
''How perfectly lovelyl But do be care
full, Nan, and don't think anything you
wouldn't dare put into English. Chicago
Record.
The morning times., 1896-03-15
The Best, After All.

Maud hear proposing parties are all the
style this winter. The girls do the propos-
ing, and the one who proposes the best gets
the prize. Have you been to any?
Ethel-No; but 1 had a proposing party
come to me the other evening. How do
you like my rng?-BaZar.
The morning times., 1896-03-15

banner with me, and took it to the club
When the workingmCn sa W itthey went wild.
Get us a big one in bunting they or
dered and for the next month | was busy
putting together the hardest banner | ever
had on my hands.
1.-The way campaign banners are made
is interesting" continued the maker Of ban
ners, land few people know anything about
The morning times., 1896-03-15
SCIENCE In Kentucky.

Papa, why do microbes come in cur
drinking water?"
Because they like the taste Of whis Ky,