The daily morning journal and courier., 1896-08-21

use of instruments of warfare which cause needless suffering.
 In this field of humane work the United States took prominent part, When the civil war broke out Presi- dent Lincoln was prompt in intrusting to Prof. Franz Lieber the duty of pre- pairing manual of systematized rules for the conduct of forces in the field rules aimed at the prevention of those scenes of cruelty and rapine which were formerly disgrace to humanity That manual has, I believe, been utilized by the governments of England, France and Germany,
 Even more important are the changes wrought in the position of neutrals in war times; who, while bound by strict obligations of neutral ity, are in great measure left free and unrestricted in the pursuit of peaceful trade
 "But in spite of all this who can say that these times breathe the spirit of peace? There is war in the air Ma ttons armed to the teeth prate of peace but there is no sense of peace. One sovereign burthens the industry of his people to maintain military and naval armament at war strength, and his neighbor does the like and justities it by the example of the other; and Eng land, insular though she be, with her imperial interests scattered the world over, follows, or is forced to follow, in the Wake If there be no war, there is at best an armed peace.
 Tt is no wonder that men'-earnest men-enthusasts, if you like, impress ed with the evils of war, have dreampt the dream that the millennium of peace might be reached by establishing uni versal system of international arbitra- tion''
 After discussing the history of the efforts made for international arbitra- ton, Lord Russell said:
 Tt is obvious, therefore. that the sentiment for peace and in favor of ar bitration as the alternative for war is growing apace. How has that senti- ment told on the direct action of na- tions? How far have they shaped their policy according to it's methods? The answers to these questions are also hopeful and encouraging.
 Experience has shown that, over large area, international differences may honorably, practically and usefully be dealt with peaceful arbitrament. There have been since 1915 some sixty instances of effective international ar bitration To thrty-two of these the United States have been a party and Great Britain to some twenty of them. But are we thence to conclude that the millennium of peace has arrived that the dove bearing the olive branch has returned to the ark, sure sign that the waters of international strife have permanently subsided? T am not sanguine enough to lay this t1attering junction to my soul Un- bridled ambition-thirst for wide do- minion--pride of power still hold sway, although, I believe with lessened force and in some, sort under the restraint of the healthier opinion of the world.
 But further, friend as I am of peace, I would yet affirm that there may be even greater calamities than War-the dishonor of a nation, the triumph of an unrighteous cause, the perpetuation of hopeless and debasing tyranny: War is honorable,
 Tn those who do their native rights
 maintain;
 In those whose swords an iron barrier are,
 Between the lawless spoiler and the weak;
 But this, in those who draw the offen- sive blade
 For added power or gain, sordid and despicable.
 Arbitration will not cover the whole field of international controversy, and unless and until the greater powers Of the world, in league, bind themselves to coerce recalcitrant member of the family of nations--we have still to face the more than possible disregard by powerful states of the obligations of good faith and of justice. The scheme of such combination has been advo- cated, but the signs of it's accomplish ment are absent. We have, as yet, no league of nations of the Amphicytonic type.
 MT. President, I began by speaking of the two great divisions-American and British-of that English-speaking world which you and I represent to- day, and with one more reference to them I end.
 
 possess for insuring the healthy pro- gress and the peace of mankind? But if this influence is to be fully felt they must work together in cordial friend ship, each people in it's own sphere of action. If they have great power they have also great responsibility No cause they espouse can fail; no cause | they oppose can triumph The future IS, in large part, theirs. They have the making of history in the times that are to come. The greatest calamity that could befall would be strife which should divide them.
 Let us pray that this shall never be- Let us pray that they, always self preserving, each in honor upholding it's own flag, safeguarding it's own herit- age Of right and respecting the rights of others, each in It's own way fulfilling its high national destiny, shall vet work in harmony for the progress and the peace of the world"
 Lord Russell concluded his address at 1925 o'clock. As he closed the au- dience cheered for several minutes. An informal recess was taken during which all that could possibly do so crowded to the platform and clasned the hand of Lord Russell. When order was restored Edward J. Phelps of Yer mont moved that the thanl.e of 4l,o a