The people's journal. (Pickens, S.C.) 1891-1903, 1896-04-30
SLAVES AND SLAVERY.
Facts 07td Figures Fron, the His
tory of the I1aLtc.

1t Is estimated by competent author
| lt1es that for every slave brought from
Africa to America ten Africans were
killed In their native country during
| the capture. The same authorities
| assert that Of the plumber started from
the Dark Continent for the new world
one-tifth died during the voyage and
one third before they became hardened
| to slave labor. The first English ship
regularly engaged in the slave trade
was commanded by Sir John Hawkins
| and was named the jesus. Queen
| Elizabeth commissioned the comman-
dor, and gave him as a crest q fettered
| African slave.
During the last century the British
Parliament passed laws regulating tho
slave trade. Their provisions were
Intended to regulate the attention
given 10 slaves on board ship and to
insure u plentiful supply OF food and
| water. In l7S0slave"y was abolished Ia
Pennsylvania by gradual oniaucip patton;
in New Hampshire in 1874, and In tho
samo year this example was followed
by Connecticut and Rhode Island em-
ancipatiOn came in Vermont In 1899,
and in tho Same year III New York; in
New Jersey the slaves were compelled
to wait u util 1904.
In 1916 the National Colonization
Society was formed, comprising as
| members many men OF prominence in
both the Northern and Southern States.
| IT'S object was to assist the emigration
Of free negroes from this country to
Africa. The only substantial result of
the movement thus inaugurated was
| the establishment Of Liberia. In 1887
a society waa organized in Pennsyl-
vania to .ameltOrato tho condition of
the slaves in this country. Benjamin
Franklin was its first president. a
little later u New York society for the
was its first president, Hancock its
second. Similar societies were soon
formed in several other States. In
! 1888 the Supreme Court OF Massacbu-
sctts declared that the clause in the
constitution all men are created
free and equal" was bar to the ex-
istcnce of slavery in that Common
wealth.
In 1870 scrf liberation came in Rou-
mania. The Boyars, or country land
lords, were allowed tho option of Civ
ing half their farms to their former
serf or selling the whole at 26 shillings
per acre. The word slave or slaves
occurs only twice in the Bible, once in
jeremiah 2: IA the othor time in
Revelation 18: 13. The word bond
man, servant or their equivalents, is
OF very frequent occurrence. In Sparta
young lads we're trained to beat and
even murder slaves for amusement, or
as d practice in arms. During one
night no less than 1900 unfortunatcs
were thur massacred in the streets OF
Sparta.
One result of Russian slavery is the
7 fact that nearly all Russian estates
are mortgaged to the government
until 1912 as security for the advances
made by the cZar at the time Of the
manumissisn Of the serfs. After the
jewish war and the capture and de-
struction Of Jerusalem by Titus so
many Hebrews were sold into captivity
that the price Of slaves in the East,
Asia Minor and Greece, went down to
about fifteen shillings. The slave
trade in Africa has desolated a tract
Of country extending fifteen degrees
on each side Of the equator and clear
across tho continent, having an area
Of 4,OOO,O 900 square miles, or fourth
larger than the United States. Russian
emancipation of the serfs took place in
1861. At that time %, ,000,0 900 serfs who
had been the property of JOB, 900 noble
men were given their freedom. The
cost of the emancipation to the gov
ment was E65, 100000. Tho prosperity
Of the newly manumitted SORTS in Rus
ol" 10 oho"h ny ullc tiSO UIdU LII 10 ~
the former slaves owned 1856, 900, 900
acres OF land. In 1915 the Congress of
Allies, which assembled at Vienna to
, readjust the affairs Of Europe, passed
a strong resolution against the slave
trade.
1t is computed that 100000 In
dian slaves persisted from Spanish
brutality during the century and n
half that followed the discovery of
America. During tho "hundred days"
Napoleon, in the midst Of his prepartl-
tions for war with all the rest of Eu-
rope, issued an edict abolishing the
slave trade.
In the Dutch West Indies the slaves
were cmancipated in 1863. 1t is stated
that As 900 were freed, their owpers be-
ing compensated at the rate of E32 for
each slave. During the sixteenth,
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
no less than 5000, 900 slaves were car
ried by English, French and Dutch
ships from Africa to America.
In the Roman slave marts, slaves
from beyond tho sea, that is, from
Africa, had their feet chalked and
their eyes bored to indicate the place
whence they came. The King OF Da-
honey and other African monarchs
estimate thoir own dignity by the
number Of skulls of beheaded slaves
they are able to show about their
houses. The Spanish adventurers who
conquered Mexico, Central America
and Peru, took back with them to Spain
great numbers of Indian slaves to ,n-
nance thoir dignity. In Rome the
slaves Of a man Of rank gave them
solves airs on account of the position
Of their master, and their precedence
was admitted by the slaves of humble
| fNbo nnlart a faps f,f Pnp,a
female slaves to act as professional
mourners. One who coulQ really sh ed
tears and simulate grief with SUCCESS
brought as much 81 $TC0.
Slavery was abolished in Brazil in
| 1889, when there Tere freed 800, 900
males and 700, 900 females, the owners
being compensated at the rate OF ESQ
to El00 for eacE slave. The beginning
Of African sla Jory in this country was
| in 1919, when twenty negroes were
] brought from Africa to Virginia by
| n,trh shi n and Iol6 tO tha Ct,lOnIsts 30