San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1896-12-22

and have attempted to ascertain the
limits within which these rights have
been exercised and their forces as adj
mitted by the general course of ma
tons. The modern presidents Of Eu-
ropean insurrection and Intervention
| began in 1921, when the Greeks rose
in instruction against the sultan"
In the course of long review of
this event the report says:
"At Tropeau in November, 1920, the
three powers of Russia, Austria and
Prussia united in signing a protocol
expressly intended to assert the right
of Intervention in all cases where a
European power should suffer in its
internal regime, an alteration brought
about by revolt and the results Of
which are menacing for other states"
I'm the whole discussion Of the sit
uation in Greece from March. 1921,
until January, 1923, the right of in
PREVENTION was never disputed except
by Turkey"
When George Canning became
prime minister of England he began
by recognizing Greek belligerency. To
remOnstance by Turkey he replied:
THE character of belligerency was
not so much principle as a fact, that
certain degree of force and consist
ency acquired by any mass Of popula-
tion engaged in war entitled that pop
ulation to be treated as a belligerent
and, even if their title were question
able, rendered it the interest. well I'M
derstood, Of all civilized nations so to
treat them"
Then France Joined with England,
and Russia and the three powers on
the 9th of July, 1927, united in for
NAL treaty signed in London which
committed them to armed interyen-
ton in case the sultan should still re-
ject their proffered meditation within
the battle of NavarinO ON Oct. 20,
1927.
This dictum of Canning was quot
ed by Sir John Russell, then secreta-
ny for foreign affairs in the speech
which he made in the House of Com
mons May 6, 1866, as his single and
sufficient authority to justify the step
upon which he and his colleagues in
the government had decided of recog-
nizing the belligerency Of the power
of community which he officially
called the Southern Confederacy of
America and which at that time had
not ship at sea or an army on land
and which had given as yet no Off
cial evidence of war, to the British
government.
Subsequently the same action was
adopted by. the government of France
which 'concurred generally In the
views of her majesty's government
and whose concurrence in the absence
of protest or objection by any other
power made Russia view this as the
accepted practice of Europe.
The report next takes up the Bel
gian revolution of 1880, of which the
report says:
within less than a year after the
rebellion had broken out and without
waiting for evidence of the right or
the military force of the Instruction
France and England took action
joint and automatically, separately
and morally"
1t refers to Russia's Intervention in
the revolution of 1S49 in Hungary
The cars manifesto established the
right of every power to intervene in
the affairs of a foreign nation wher
those affairs would tend to endanger
its own safety or political equilibrium
on the frontier.
As far as known every government
in the world tacitly assented in the
establishment of this precedent.
Among numerous revolutions in Eu
rope the report quotes, interventions
in Spain by France in 1929, in Portu-
gal by England in 1922, again in
Spain and Portugal in 1866, by Eng
land and France, under what was call
ed the quadruple treaty. and in Pied
mont and Naples by the Holy ALI
ance in 1921.
Not only Greece, Montenegro and
Roumania, but Servia, Bulgaria and
Egypt have been the creatures of such
intervention or the objects of its re-
straint and also Samoa and Crete owe
their legal status to the same source
From this body of precedents IL is
clear that Europe had invariably as
serted and practiced the right to in
tervene both jointly and separately.
amiably and forcibly, in every in
stance except that of Poland, where
a European people had resorted to in
surrection to obtain independence.
The report then turns to the expe-
rience of Asia. In regard to Asia
probably all authorities agree that
the entire fabric of European supre-
macy, whether in Asiatic, Turkey.
Persia, Afghanistan, India, Siam or
China rests on the right Of interven-
ton. The American precendents are
handled eXhaustively. The report
says: 'The question of Intervention
began in 1917. All parties had agreed
as early as 1917 and 1918 upon the
propriety of Intervention between
Spain and her colonies. Both the
United States and Europe assorted
that the time had come; they disa-