New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-12-22

to be taken whole. and referred to every part
of the contest. from the recognition of the flag at
the outset to the recognition Of Independence at
| the close Therefore, Monroe waited until the
effects of his action should settle the whole q,es-
ton and cover all the ground After a delay OF four
years from the time when he began his police
the Greek revolt in Europe and the military sue
cesses of Bolivar and Iturbide in America gave the
desired opportunity. and Monroe sent TO Congress
! his celebrated message of March s, 1922 recon-
mending the recognition Of all the revoted colonies
Of Spain-Mexico Colombia. Chill and Buenos
Ayres
These countries asked They based
| their claim their independence de facto and
Monroe admitted its force. The provinces he said
which have declared their Independence and are
In the enjoyment of ii, ought to be recognized
He added that the measure is proposed under a
thorough conviction that II is In strict with
the law OF nations. In reality. 1t created the law
so far as its action went. and its legality was
recognized by no European Power. All waited I'm
open or tacit disapproval of Monroe's course Eng
land herself, even after Canning succeeded Cas-
tlereagh, refused 10 approve. Spain protested Wig
orously and as far concerned objections the
Spanish Minister in Washington offered them in
great numbers and with sufficient energy He in
stantly protested, not only grounds of morality
and fact. but also of policy. Buenos Ayres' he
added, was sunk in the most complete anarchy
in Peru. near the gates of its capital rebel and
Spanish army divided the inhabitants: In Chilli AN
individual suppresses the sentiments of it's in
habitants; 'on the coast of Terra Firma- also the
Spanish baners wave lin Mexico too there is
no government and he concluded with force:
! Where then are those governments which ought
to he recognized? The question not without
difficulties Monroe knew: and on this point all
| Europe supported the Spanish contention AL
| though Congress unanimously approved and
adopted the Presidents views and immediat elv
appropriated 10000 for diplomatic expenses, and.
although Mexico. Colombia. Chill and Buenos Ayrrs
were In consequence admitted into the family OF
nations by the sole authority OF the of the
United States. with the approval OF Congress. two
| years passed before the British Government con
/ scented discuss the subject in Parliament
| : a serious measure Of policy
Then. June 10. 1894. motion was made by Sir
James Macintosh. and Canning replied. His speech
made alusion the action of the United States.
II denied the de facto right OF recognition far as
TO say that we ought not to acknowledge the
separate and independent existence Of any Govern
men which is so doubtfully established that the mere
effect OF that acknowledgment shall he to mix par
ties In internal squabbes. II not in open hosites'
Canning still thought ihat before we can act in
formation as to matters OF fact Is necessary.
THE CONVERSION OF CANNING
Nevertheless. Monroes act. which extnguished
the last hopes of the Holy Alliance IN America pro-
duced the deepest sensation among European con-
servatives and gave to the United States eytrsor-
at the Congress OF Verona 20 threaten the other
Powers when they decided Intervention I'm Spain
Slowly Canning came wholly the side of
Monroe. as France and Austria forced MS hands in
Spain. As early October 1923 he sent Consuls 10
. all the chief cities ia rebellion throughout Mexico
and Central and South America. Immediately after
his speech IN Parliament OF June I5 1924 he author
lied his Consul at Buenos Ayres TO negotiate d
mercial treaty with that Government
ION January t. 1926 he informed other Powers that
,r11
ence OF Colombia. Mexico and Buenos Ayres. In a
speech in Parliament February l5 1926 he ,x-
planned and defended his conduct. blaming the United
States by implication for pursuing a reckless and
headlong course, and claiming credit for following
one more strictly guarded in point of principle
The whole question Of time and mode
Notwithstanding Canning's explanation the prin-
cp!e OF the Intervention ON which ne acted was not
clear. Nothing in his act Of ecOsnition revealed
rule of any general value. He considered that any
other period mode than that chosen would have
been liable to some objection Yet the period and
mode he chose strongly objected TO throughout
Europe. and met with energetic protest from Spain
Nearly two years more passed before ne cleared up
the mystery Then. when driven to armed interver-
ton in the affairs of Spain and Portugal. he made Oh
December Il. 1885, speech in Parliament which was
perhaps the celebrated OF his life. At the very
end OF this speech he explained the principle on
the Spanish colonies and the time and mode Of
recognition. 1t was the moment wnen a French
I
Spain. was necessary In order TO avoid the
quences Of the occupation. that we should blockade
terias OF compensa don in another hemisphere Con-
tempatng SPAN sucn as our ancestors nee had known
not be Spain with the Indies" ] called tho New
World into existence to redress the balance of the
THE principle thus avowed By Canning added
principle avowed by Monroe created an entire body
Of American }urisPrudence As an isolated act IT
isolated act: II was part OF system altogether new
grounds far wider than itself. The European Law
and practice OF Intervention. extending as IL did
pean development. could be met only BY creaiing
American law and practice or Intervention ex-
elusive of the European within the range OF Its in
THE MONROE DOCTRINE
This Monroe did not hesitate to do. With bold
ness which still startles and Derplexes the world.
he Topped off one great branch Of European inter-
vention and empire. and created new system Of
international relations His opportunity was given
by Canning, who. In the midst Of his European diff
hculties in 1873. intimated that England would be
more advanced 5hah y the n1n OF the
time In doubts or hesitations. In his annual mes
sage Of December 1873. he announced the principle
ognized independent were by that act placed
outside Of the European system. and that the
that system among ihsm as unfriendiy to the
United States: With the Governments who have
declared their Independence and maintained IL.
and whose independence We have. on great consid-
Grafton and on just principles; acknowledged. we
could not view any interposition for the purpose
of depressing them controlling in any other
ner their destiny by any European Power In any
other light than the manifestation OF I'M
friendly disposition toward the United States 1t
is Impossible that the allied Powers should extend
their political system to any portion OF either
tinent without endangering our peace and happi-
ness II is equally impossible therefore that
should behold such Interpolation in any form. with
Indifference.
so sweeping a right of Intervention had never
been claimed unless by Russia In regard TO the
Greeks In 1921, and has never been exercised By
sharg
same general ground that OF the innumerabe
intcrventions OF Europe. Danger TO our peace and
happiness was not essentially different from dan
ger 10 peace honor, political power and interest
which European nations had alleged az just rea-