davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1896-07-25

than has ever been mined in any one year.
1t Is equal to the entire product Of any
twenty years up to 1Si0. and II the present
ratio of increase goes on we shall In 1900
have an annual product of $500. .O0O,OO and
the worlds stock will. between this time and
that, have been increased by more than
$1,000, 100000. These figures are inconceiv-
able but they are founded on fact, and they
represent revolution brought about by
combination of new discoveries in natural
resources and new inventions as applied to
mining, which will revolutiOnize the f1nan-
cial system of the world.
The New Cheap Processes.
But let me tell you something of these
cheap methods which have lately been in
vented for getting out gold. You have all
heard Of placer mining. or the washing
Of gold grain. nuggets or dust out Of the
beds of rivers ard the sides of mountains.
The first mining done was of this kind, and
I'LL til lately nine-tenths Cf all Of the gold
of the world was gotten out in this way.
An enormous quantity was then produced
by crushing the rock and smelling 1t. This,
however. is a very expensive process, cost
Ing $14 and upward to the ton of rock,
and ore which does not contain more than
so per ton seldom pays the cost for smelt-
Ing. BY the new processes. II there Is so
worth OF gold in q ton ~f rock 1t can be
gotten out at q profit There are immense
ore bodies near Salt Lake City, which can
be proftably mined for $3.50 a ton, and
there Is one mine there where the cost Of
reduction is not more than rs cents. 1 am
Evening star., 1896-07-25

effect of releasing a spring, and so allow
ing a screw to be unscrewed.
The guide-ropes are trailed after the bal
loon. of course, exactly in line with the
direction in which the balloon happens to
be going. If the end of the rope be moved
right or left in the bearlng-ring, the balloon
will at once turn round an equal distance
in the opposite direction, so as still to keep
1t exactly in it's wake.
Mr.. Andree found when once crossing the
Baltic, and had dropped the end of rope
balloon. that the retarding effect of the
guide-ropes on the balloon causes it to
move with less velocity than the wind does.
and al the same time excites pressure OF
wind corresponding to the diminution of
the velocity. If this pressure acts upon the
sail, 1t will carry the balloon in the same
direction. If the sail is at right angles to
the direction of the wind, then the direc-
tion of the movement will not be changed.
But If the sail is brought to more acute
angle to the direction of the wind, the pres
sure of the wind will cause the balloon to
deviate from the direction Of the wind.
Sails for Guiding.
The balloon carries three sails. They are
attached to bamboo spars lying across the
bearing-ring and beneath the balloon
proper. One is inside the ropes that sup
port the bearing-ring, while the other two
are outside the ropes, presenting in all 500
square feet to the wind The sails are sus-
pended by broad straps from the top of the
balloon, the straps being held in place by
being threaded in and out Of the netting.
In the ordinary way the sails would only
help to carry the balloon directly before
Evening star., 1896-07-25

figures II gives the proprietors 100 per cent
profit. The gold of the Dakotas Is OF low
grade. and there are hundreds upon hun
dreds OF square miles In Colorado which
contain low grade ore Wagon loads OF
rock picked up OF the grazing fields about
Cripple Creek'have assayed go per ton. and
old mines which have been abandoned
ara by the new processes now being worked
at profit
The Golden Era.
You can never tell where gold is until you
fnd 1t. say the old miners, and the pros
pecting which Is now being done will de-
velop. in all probability. mines containing
the richest of ore well as low-grade
mines. Take the Golden Fleece mine, which
now produces from twenty to thirty thous-
and dollars a month, and has been doing so
for four or five years 1t was located about
twenty years ago, worked for time and
abandoned. 1t then sold. The buyers
worked 1t and gave 1t up as failure Then
man named Davis, who understood the
peculiar ores of the Golden Fleece. took an
option on the property for $4,000. He ap
Piled new processes to the reduction of his
ores. and his first car load netted him the
amount of the bond On the strength of
that car lead he was offered such a price
for the property that he could have sold
out and made 5000 on the deal. He went
on mining. and soon struck a big vein. This
mine has now 6OO,0Oo shares. and 1 am told
that II has already paid about 100000 in
dividends.
The reduction OF the low-grade ores will
alone revolutionize the gold product of the
world. The increase is already enormous.
The South African mines are to a large ex-
tent low grade. They produced 0.0O0,O 900
worth of gold last year, and so, ,00O,O0O
worth of this would have been lost had II
not been for the new processes OF getting
out gold by the use of cyanide of potassium
These mines were opened first in 1887. Up
TO the first of last January they had pro-
duccd about $15o.o0O.o00 worth of gold, and
Hamilton Smith, the great English mining
engineer, estimates that there is more than
q billion and a half dollars worth of gold in
the already known fields of South Africa
turning out great quantities of gold and in
of us In gold production. 1t is only lately
that We have gotten these new processes at
work upon our ores. but last year we re-
gained our place the chief gold-producing
country of the world. In 1895 we led both
Africa and Australia by more than S1OOO0-
600, our gold product last year amounting
to $50 nND, 900. Colorado alone had an III
crease in 1898 over its product of 1894 of
s. 900. COO and it stands today as the great
est gold state of the Union. 1t produced
last year s1s,00O.0o0 worth of gold, or three
millions more than California, and Colorado
men tell me that they expect to get at least
SIS 900 900 worth of gold out of the noun
tains during the present year. There will
be an enormous increase in the gold product
of Utah this year, and California, which
produced l3,o0D, 900 worth of gold in 1895,
will produce more in 1898. Altogether In
1895 the world produced nearly $500 900, 600
worth of gold. This IL a greater amount
Evening star., 1896-07-25

dience (at the geographical congress in
1880 he received but scant encourage
ment at the hands of men of science, and
probably less from the public generally
One scientific man. indeed, characterized
the idea as foolhardy, and in all likeli-
hood the majority of people who have
not taken the trouble to follow Mr.. An
dree's reasoning in the matter may be of
much the same opinion. But the same
might be said Of most Of the multitude Of
expeditions that have gone in search Of
the pole, as well as of many other under
takngs. Every attempt to do some
thing that has not been done before looks
fcolhardy to most people. until the reasons
upon which the adventurer acts are seen
to have been justified by results.
The idea of attempting to reach the pole
by balloon is one Mr.. Andree has had in
his mind for some years In 1876. when
on his way across the Atlantic, he was
struck by the regularity Of the trade winds.
This led him to reflect upon the possibility
of making loEg balloon voyages and es-
pecially of crossing the Atlantic from Eu-
rope to America. The impossibiity, how
for such an enterprise caused the idea to
be practically laid aside until 1892 Then
the splendid feat of Nerdenskiold and the
exploits of other Swedish scientists and
explorers in the arctic regions excited
in Mr.. Andree the desire to do something
with the balloon in the same regions
Hence arose the idea of utilizing the bal
loon to cross the polar region and perhaps
to reach the pole.
Experimental Trips.
Up to this time his study of balloons had
been mainly theoretical: but now he COM
menced experimenting practically with
them. He first of all made some trims
with the Norwegian aeronaut, Cetti. At
ten that he obtained a grant of 900 from
a fund for scientific purposes called Lars
Hjertas Mime" with this money he pur-
chased small 1adloon1 capable of holding
40,5OO cubic feet Of gas. with which he
made some ten Or twelve ascents
The eXperience;of balloon navigation ac-
quired during these trips strengthened Mr.
Andree's belief irr thef possibility of reach
ing the pole by aarships as we'll as his re-
Evening star., 1896-07-25

containing the balloon and its appurte-
hances. together with the explorers and
their assistants, sailed June from Co
thenburg, Norway, and was expected 10
reach Amsterdam Island. SptiZhergen
from which the start was to be made
Jrne 1S. A dispatch was received about
ten days ago from Thomas, Norway. stat
reach Amsterdam Island Spitzbergen.
" as that Andree was about ready to start
and was waiting only fora favorable wind
before floating off into the unknown re-
gions Of the north.
The August issue OF the Strand Maga-
zine contains an interesting description Of
the Andree balloon and the facts connected
with the exploit.
When Mr.. Andree first made his pro-
posed voyage known to an English au-
Evening star., 1896-07-25
A PROSPECTOR.

told that mills are now being put up in
Parke county. Col, which will treat ores
for 10 cents per ton and save 96 per cent
of the gold. and more than half million
wasted has been gotten out of Cripple
Creek rock by the cyanide mill, which l
describe further on. Then there Is the
chlorination process. by which certain
kinds Of ore are treated with chemicals
and gases. and out of them are finally
taken ingots of pure gold. There Is the
bromination process somewhat similar, and
a method has been lately invented in Ger
many for getting the gold out Of the rock
by electricity
What Cyanide Is.
The most important process. however. is
the extraction of the gold by means of
cyanide of potassium. Cyanide of potas-
sium is chemical which looks for all the
world like alum. 1t now costs from thirty
to fifty certs a pound. 1t is made OF the
hoofs, horns and refuse of cattle, and it Is
deadly poison. 1t has, however. Won
derful affinity for gold. and when mixed
with water and applied to the ore in a GER
tain way it will suck all of the gold out of
the rock. This process of extraction was
invented by two Scotchmen. ard the first
mill was put up in Australia in 1889 Then
ons was put up In South Africa and In
1892 the first cyanide mill of the United
States was erected in Boulder county, Col.
There are now more than fifty cyanide
plants in South Africa. There are twen-
ty-four in Australasia and something like
twenty in different parts of the Unit ed
States. with a number Of others going up
all over the world.
The Worlds Biggest Cyanide Mill.
The biggest and most perfect Of all 30
far erected Is that Of the Metallic Reduc-
ton Works near Florence. which visited
the other day Into this mill poured
car loads of what look like cobble stones.
Evening star., 1896-07-25

about the hills and canons of California
Arizona aid Nevada. There are hundreds
or prospectors going carefully over the
old mining regions of Colorado, and in Utah
is now being developed a new gold region.
which Salt Lake City men claim will pro-
duce more than enough to pay off the
national debt. The gold now being mined
at Cripple Geek Is enormous In quantity
ana there are other camps in Colorado
which are turning out fortunes in gold
bearing rock. The new processes of gold
reduction have changed almost entirely the
character OF gold mining and within the
next few years the whole world will be re-
prospected for gold.
Gold Everywhere.
1t is hard to reaEze that gold Is one of
the most common of all the metals but
this is the fact. Gold Is to be found in
nearly e:,ry part of the earth, but hitherto
the cost of reduc ton has teen 50 great and
the quantity of gold small that In only
a few places could it be mined at a profit.
Gold eXi;tS in the waters of the sea, and
the chemist who can invent a method OF
getting the gold out of the great Salt Lake
will have a fortune Tie Andes are full
of gold. Central America has hundreds of
abandoned mines. The old dumps or waste
of the mines which the Spaniards worked
in Mexico will now be put through the new
processes for getting out the gold, ard the
result will he fortunes. There is vast
quantity of low-grade gold in the eastern
part OF the United States. From Nova
Scotia to Georgia runs a golden streak,
which has at different points paid for min
ing. Nuggets have been recently found In
Nova Scotia worth S2tD. and last year
nugget found in Crawford County, n.
g, which y eighed pound : ounces. All
of gold up until 1921 came from North
Carolina. and there have long been gold
mines in different parts OF Georgia. There
ts white quartz hear Washington, D. c.,
which will, 1t Is said, pay BIG ton. and
within the past year gold mines have been
worked IN small way near the national
capital There is a gold vein in New
Hampshire. which. in 1917. yielded $4,000.
and gold has been mined on Manhattan
Island which averaged "a a ton. There is
gold in OhlO and our mountains of the west
have. it is believed, hundreds of undiscov-
cred golden veins. In the region between
the Rockies and the Pacific 80 far has
been produced 80 per cent of all the gold of
the United States, and hitherto many
mines have been discovered and abandon
ed which can row be worked by the new
processes at profit. There are valuable
gold mireS in the state of Washington, and
the sands or the Pacific ocean, from Puget
Sound to the Aleutian Islands. contain
gold dust, and in some places they are now
being panned 10y miners. There .s probably
a large amount of gold in British Column
bia. the mountains of which have not been
prcspected. The Treadwen mine of Ala ska
has annual output of more than $500,
GGO and from 1t has already been taken
more than $1.0OO.OO worth of gold. This
gold is of such low grade that some
years ago one would have thought Of
trying to mine 1t. Its average Is between
$50 and s. per ton. and still at these low
Evening star., 1896-07-25

railroad ballast or broken granite, and out
of 1t every month as result comes a brick
Of solid gold, worth $4,000. New works are
now being added, and by the time this let
ter Is published it will be four times as
large as it is now. It will then be able to re-
duce 400 tons Of gold ore day. and. suppos-
ing the rock to have only ore-half ounce
of gold to the ton its output will be at the
rate Of $1,000 per day, or about S2,OO0,0OO
worth Of gold per year. The works are
situated on the edge OF the Rocky noun
tains within two miles of the oil town of
Florence. They look much like an i'm
mense wheat elevator or rudely built bis,
Pennsylvania barLs. but they contain the
finest machinery Of their kind in the world.
They suck 81 per cent of the gold out Of
the rock which passes through them.
whereas the mills Of South Africa, it IS
said. are able to save only from 60 to 80
per cent These mills use petroleum as
fuel. and the F'lo-ence Cripple Creek rail-
road brings the Cripple Creek ores directly
to them
Trip Through the Mill.
Let us now take train load Of gold
bearing rock and follow 1t through this
grsat mill. How the gold Is gotten out Of
the mine I will describe in another letter
Our freight cars are filled with the ore
1t is a mixture of broken granite, porphyry
ar other stones Of different coiors. There
is gravel in it. 1t contains dirt and it ia
for all the world like a pile of broken up
rocks mixed with the refuse of quarry
of rotten granite. There Is not a sign Of
gold anywhere. You can take up a piece
of rock from any part of the car load and
examine 1t through a microscope and you
will not see a CLINT Of yellow or nything
which to your eyes would indicate gold.
Still. that rock will average half an ounce
of gold to the ton. In those car loads one
atom in every $4,000 is gold but this atom
is almost evenly mixed throughout the
whole. and the question is to get it out.
Costly Dust.
The superintendent Of the works tells US
this as we ride on the cars up to the
mill. We are carried by means Of an on
gire on a trestle work track. which lands
the ore at tho top Of the mill. for the rock
is carried from one level TO another by
means of gravity. We look down at the
lead as we so up. There are specks of
stone the size of the head Of pin, and
dIeds of pounds. All this must be crushed
to powder before 1t can be worked The
car steps at the top and the ore Is loaded
ir to what looks like gigantic coffee mill,
the top OF which IL as big around, as a
hogshead- AS the rock falls into II the
mill seiZeS the stones in its great steel
teeth and grinds them to pieces. You
hear them apparently groan as they are
crushed and you shudder at the thought
Of getting into the jaws of the machinery.
This mill grinds the ore to the size of a
walnut. Another takes 1t and reduces 1t to
pieces the size OF pea, and it is than
ready for the dryer. Every molecule Of
moisture must be taken out Of the ore be-
Evening star., 1896-07-25
Another Kind Of Queen.

From Anecdotes.
A sen of the Marquis of Salisbury has
a great love for bees, and, finding one Of
his hives aueenless. he sent an order TO
Welwyn. the nearest town to his fathers
beautiful estate at Hatfield. for a Carniolan
queen. i.e.. a famous Italian bee and asked
to be informed Of the probable time of its
arrival The bee master. wishing to serve
his distinguished customer with all promp-
titude, sent off the bee by the next train
and wired to Hatfield: THE queen will ar
rive by 3:4o this afternoon" when the
young lord reached the station he found
the place throngei with people. The tela-
graph clerk had jumped to the conclusion
that her majesty was paying a sudden
visit to Hatfield and. as he was unable 10
keep such an important telegram to HIM
self, the news srre ad like wildfire
Great was the disappointment of the peo-
pie when they discovered that the only
queen to come was one that the young lord
could carry home in a match box in his
waistcoat pocket.
Evening star., 1896-07-25

the wind. But IL the guide-ropes are moved
a point or two to the right on the bear
ing-ring. the sails. instead Of being directly
before the wind, are brought to a slight
angle to 1t, and the action Of the ropes
dragging behind keeps them there, with the
result that the air-ship. in place of going
directly before the wind. moves in a direc-
tion at certain angle to it.
These guide-rOpes serve another purpose
In the guidance of the balloon: that is, they
tend to keep 1t at a certain and equal mean
distance from the ground.
Il shall never go beyond $50 meters
(about 402 feeD from the earth II 1 can
help" Mr.. Andree observed in explaining
the management of his balloon. Il may be
high land. but so far possible 1 shall
keep to my mean height of 80 meters"
There will necessarily be a slight varia-
ton OF distance from the ground. for when
and hence the balloon will rise little. In
the same way, IL the sky be overcast the
gas will be cooled-made heavfer-and the
balloon Will descend somewhat.
But II the balloon wishes to rise there is
at once check put upon 1t, because it has
10 INT the guide-ropes. which are dragging
upon the ground or in the water, and which
IN all weigh LOCO Kilograms (about 22O4
pounds) On the contrary, IL there is q dis
position to descend, 1t decreases the weight
1t Is carrying with every foot it sinks be-
cause 1t has so much less rope to bear, and
hence the downward motion is arrested
mus there is constant force at work
tenoing TO keep the balloon at a mean dis
tance from the ground
Inc gufde-ropes, four inches in diameter.
are Tor the first 100 meters (about 32S feetl
OF hemp, the lower part being Of coir and
are thoroughly saturated with vaseline to
prevent their sinking when in water. and
to diminish friction. BY means of tackline.
the guide-ropes can be moved from point to
point OF the suspension-ring, as required
for the purpose Of steering
The Living ARRANGEMENTS.
The basket. or gondola. is circular in
shape. about five feet in depth, and six and
one-half feet in diameter. The lower edge
on one side is cut away, so that if it strikes
the ground II will not turn over The edge
thus shaved away is the one facing the d.
rection the balloon is going The basket
Is provided with a strong wicker-work lid,
In which is a trap-door large enough for
Evening star., 1896-07-25
Insu mcient Data.

From he Cincinnati Enquirer
The inquisitive passenger had limited
around until his patience had worn out,
so he asked the dignified passenger: What
is your busine So
The dignfed one answ cred him: Il am
a lung specialist"
The inquisitive man stayed still for
awhile then he broke out again:
Say, j just happened to think" he said
"Did you mean you are doctor prize
fighter?"
Evening star., 1896-07-25

solve to make the attempt If he could get
the means wherewith to fit out His expedi-
ton. Baron Nordenskiold, the celebrated
arctic traveller. supported him warmly, and
ne had not long to wait for the money.
He estimated that he would require in all
something like 1920 Toward this sum one
Swedish gentleman. Mr.. Alfred Nobel, gave
fs.460. The king Immediately increased it
by a gift from his private purse of Fl, ,73O;
Evening star., 1896-07-25
IT NAV RE- THAT

T MAY BE THAT
at this moment a
vast balloon. carry
ing three adventur-
Gus Swedes. is drift
ing across that mys-
terious region of the
earth known as the
North Pole. This Is
the famous Andree
expedition, for which
preparations h a V e
been in progress in
Sweden for many
rrL1 -o~-J
Evening star., 1896-07-25
Did 1t Quietly.
From Truth.

From Truth.
do you know that fortune knocks once
at every mans door?"
well fortune must have had gloves on
when she knocked at mine."-
Evening star., 1896-07-25

BEGIN WITH THIS
letter a series de-
scriking the revolu-
ton which Is going
on in the mining re-
gions of the west.
During the past three
months 1 have trav-
eled several thou
sand miles In the
r ky Mountains.
They are alive with
prospectors. 1t IL
estimated that 1000
L
Evening star., 1896-07-25
Wonders of the New Processes of
Reduction of This Metal.
REVOLUHIONIZING THE PRODUCT
Description of What May Be Seen
in a Cyanide Mill.
FROM ROCK AND DIR T

Copyrighted, 1896, ry Frank G. Carpenter;
DENVER, July Is, 1895.
Evening star., 1896-07-25

STEERING THE COURSE
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1896-02-28
Holds sinsoure omoes.

Sir Michael Biddulph has been a
groom in waiting to the queen since
1879. and keeper of the regalia at the
tower since 1891. He will vacate these
offces, both of which are the gift OF
, the queen A groom in waiting gets
1882 year, and he is at court for about
three weeks in the year on an average.
The place is held for life, or until a
demise of the crown. The salary of the
keeper of the regalia is about ESQ a
wear, and he has an excellent furnished
house as an official residence. This Is
a post which ought to be conferred
upon some officer of real distinction;
but it will probably be jobbed away
20 some courtier whose claims" con-
sist of his family or personal interest