The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1896-12-22
THE LARGEST CIRCULATION OF ANY NORTH CAROLINA DAY PAPER

Of European and American power, he
felt that isolated action might 1nJure the
cause he had determined to help. After
a delay of four years from the time when
he began his policy, the Greek revolt in
Europe and the military successes of
Boliyer and Iturbide in America gave
the desired opportunity, and Monroe sent
to Congress his celebrated message of
March 8, 1922, recommending the rec
ognition of all the revelted colonies of
Spain, Mexico, Columbia, Chile and
Buenos Ayres.
"Irhese countries asked more. Ihey
based their claim on their independence
de facto, and Monroe admitted its force.
1.-THE provinces" he said, (which have
declared their independence and are in
the enjoyment of it, ought to be recog-
nized." He added that 'the measure is
proposed under a thorough conviction
that it is in strict accord with the law
of nations In reality, it created the
law. Sc far as it's action went, and its
legality was recognized by no European
power.
Nevertheless, Monroe's act, which ex-
tinguished the last hope of the holy al
lance in America, produced the deepest
sensation among European conservatives
and gave to the United States extraor-
dinary consideration England used 1T
as a weapon at he Congress of Verona
to threaten the other powers when they
decided on Intervention in Spain. Slowly
Canning came wholly over to the side of
Monroe France and Austria forced his
hands in Spain.
fThe principles thus awoyed by Can
ming added little to the European law of
intervention, but the principles avowed
by Monroe created an entire body of
American jurisprudence. AS an isolated
act it meant little; but in Monroe's view
it was not an isolated act; it was part
of system altogether new, and wholly
American Monroe lost no time in doubts
or hesitations. In his annual message of
December, 1923, he announced the prin-
ciples fthe Monroe doctrinel that the new
nations, which his act alone had recog-
nized as independent, were by that act.
placed outside of the European
system and that the United
States would regard any attempt
to extend that system among them as
unfriendly to the United States. From
that day to this the American people
have always and unanimously supported
and approved the Monroe doctrine. They
needed no reasoning to prove that it was
vital to their safety.
within that range, President Mon
roe, attempted to build up an American
system. He disclaimed the right or the
intention to interfere with actual Euro
pean possessions in America, so long as
these communities were contented to re-
main European; but he claimed and ex-
ercised under the broadest principle, the
right to intervene in favor of committees
4Fsw+ ..fa 1xy IL,
their power to be American: and what
was vital to the exercise of his claim, he
asserted and used in its fullest extent
the right to Judge for himself and finally,
both rs to time and mode"-both when
and how-any particular community
proved its will and it's right to claim adj
mission into the American system.
Against the opposition of all Europe, and
at the risk Of many and serious embar-
rassment, Monroe took and successfully
held ground which his successors have
struggled, with varying fortune, to main
TAIN
Texas is next ated and the various
stages leading up to the recognition OF
its independence as Republic are cover
ed in minute detail. The report takes
up the point raised by Secretary Olney,
as to the right of the President alone
to recognize the independence of any ma
ton. 1t takes direct issue with Secretary
Olney and quotes Henry Clay and Presi-
dent Jackson as conceding the right of
Congress to take the imitation in such
matters.
The report then gives the circumstances
under which the Southern Confederacy
was recognized, tracing in detail the diplo-
matte correspondence and continues:
mo serious question was again raised
with any European power in regard to
insurrection or independence Of any Am
eriean possessions, until in 1869 rebel
hon broke out in Cuba, and the insur-
gents, after organizing a government and
declaring their independents. claimed rec
ognition from the United States.
'1The government of the United States
had always regarded Cuba as within the
sphere OF its most active and serious
interests. AS early as 1925, when the
newly recognized States Of Colombia and
Mexico were supposed to be preparing an
expedition to reyolutionize Cuba and
Porto Rico, the United States govern
ment interposed its friendly Offices with
those governments to request their for
bearance. The actual condition of Spain
seemed to make her retention of Cuba inn
possible, in which case the United States
would have been obliged, for their own
safety to prevent the island from falling
into the hands of a stronger power in
Europe. That this emergency did not
occur may have been partly due to the
right energy with which Monroe, an
nounced, ''our right and power to pre-
vent it." and his determination to use
all the means with his competency, ito
guard against and forefend it."
This right of Intervention in matters
relating to the external relations of
Cuba, asserted and exercised seventy
years ago, has been asserted and exer-
cised at every crisis which the island has
been involved.
when the Cuban insurgents in 1869,
appealed to the United States for rec
ognition, President Grant admitted the
justice of the claim and directed the
minister of the United States at Madrid
to interpose our good offices with the
Spanish government in order to obtain by
a friendly arrangement the independ-