The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1896-03-27
PROF. HAYES TELLS HOW TO co
TO WORK AT IT
VARIOUS METHODS DESCRIBED.
Facts Derived From Practical Experi-
ments Which Are of Great
Value to Wheat Produ.
cers-Read Carefully.

VSeSANO Ah w hSSAO ~ AZ OoWl. LII
the main the article ls a reportof the ex-
periments made by Prof. Hayes OF the
Minnesgefa state experimental station
and the result from twenty-four tests
made from a lot OF verv smutty fife
wheat last aso was most satisfactory
and coming Is it does from a reliable
source is worthy OF the most careful at
tention OF our farmers.
The theory is that smut is a living
germ, which lives on the kernal OF the
wheat from one year to another and
that it can be killed or destroyed before
the grain is sowed. These tests made by
the professor shows that the wheat
which was sowed without treatment
contained twenty per cent smut while
that which was treated showed only
from lilo to three per cent smut; that
is under the various tests.
The remedies which Prof. Hayes used
in accomplishing the valuable results
noted were substantially as follows. He
first gave the wheat a thorough cleaning
The blue-stone sprinkling treatment he
describes as follows:
Dissolve one pound OF blue stone (cop-
per sulphate) in two and one-half gal
Ions OF water. Spread out ten bushels
Of wheat on q tight floor Or in tight
wagon box and with broom, sprinkling
pot or with pail or Upper, sprinkle on
the solution. With scoop shovel turn
the grain several times during the sprink!-
ing til every kernel is thoroughly wetted.
The solution needs to penetrate ven
the hairs at the blossom end OF each ker-
nal and to penetrate the crease IN the
grain. In three hours the wheat will be
ready for the seeder and ''as the blue
stone somewhat INJURIES the seed 1T
should not be prepared long before it IS
sown. A good plan is to prepare in the
evening the seed to be used next day.
That prepared in the morning can be
used in a few to several hours, or if dried
with lime, plaster or dust it may be used
in half an hour. By hand or in some
machines it may be seeded almost at
once without drying, though it should
remain wet in the solution hall an hour
or more that the blue stone may have
time to kill the spores. AS the seed is
somewhat swollen a few quarts
per acre should be sow than OF dry
wheat. The blue-stone solution can be
made by the barrel, using care to get
the right proportions OF blue-stone and
water, and then it can be measured out
one ten quart painful to each ten bushels
OF wheat. The wheat should be turned
four hr five times within an hour after
sprinkling. If a water tight floor is not
available the solution should be
s%prinkled on slowly so that little or
none runs through.
The blue-stone dipping method should
be performed in this banner:
Fill a barrel two-thirds full OF the So
luton Of one 9pound OF blue stone (sul-
phate OF copper) to two to four gallons
of water. using the weaker solution for
wheat little or none effected and a stron-
ger solution for wheat badly infected.
Partially fill gunny sacks or other open
receptacle with wheat and lmmerse in
the solution for a few minutes, moving
the sack up and down and shaking or
kneading it SO that every kernel ls
thoroughly wetted, stirring IL necessary.
Place sacks or other receptacles contain
ing the vet wheat where the solution
will drain out. If convenient catch and
save the drip. The solution should
ri ch all surfaces OF every kernal and it
( desirable to have the wheat as little
Yet as necessary to avoid trouble in dry
ing, When the water ceases dripping
pour the wheat on the barn floor and
shovel every few hours til dry enough to
SOW, or If to lie kept some days. dry
thoroughly enough to store without
danger OF heating. The drying may be
facllited by mixing with wet wheat land
plaster or Stacked lime, or even dust or
ashes which contain no grit which might
irjure the feeding device OF the seeding
machine. Stacked lime stops the action
of the blue stone and it should not be
applied until half an hour. The lime
not only helps to dry the wheat but
stops the slightly injurious action OF the
blue stone on the seed. It is necessary
to renew the quantity Of the solution
and for this purpose the prepared solu-
ton may be kept ready in other bar
rels.
There is still another method, that o,
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