davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

I. BEAVER SKIN. II. FIsH-Latterly, how
HOOK. III. WAMPUM. ever, pieces of
bent wire were substituted for real
hooks. Wampum was the currency of
the more civilized Indian tribes in New
England and on Long Island. 1t con-
sisted of white beads, made from the
ends of periwinkle shell or black
beads made from clam shell arranged
in strings or belts. 1t became the Off
cial money of New England and New
Amsterdam and lost its place as money
between 1860 and 1900, when the
''Smart Alexis" among the whites be-
gan to debase it by leaving the beads
unpublished or unpierced or by making
them of bone, horn, glass and even of
wood. The colonists legislated much
trying to fix prices, and to save wam-
pun from declining in value, but it was
being produced too cheaply. Natural
law was against it, and it had to go.
The use of shells as money is still
common on many tropical coasts. Their
wide use is probably due to the strong
passion, common to primitive man, for
personal adoInment. This gives shells
permanent value. Besides they are very
durable, comparatively light and are
convenient for small change. Whales
teeth. arrowheads, beads, tusks of ivory
and engraved stones are some of the other
money materials of this and later stages
of civilization
The Pastoral Stage.
Man early tanned the domestic ami
mails. The sheep and the COW being the
most 1cof71l +boD ,,a+,,rollx, with +loi,
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

and they are to-
day in Anam.
Little hoes, such
as the one here
figured, took the
place of real hoes
and became a
true money.
III a n d made
nails once circu-
lated as money
in some Scotch
villages. Some
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

skins (and some
times with their
milky, f orm e d
the currency and
the unit of value.
Our words fee,
pecuniary and
capita l come
from the use of
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

(no change given for live stock and produce
delivered at Sherman:
Steers weighing 1000 pounds
or over, fine and 6 cents per pound
Heifers weighing 800 pounds
or over, fine and fat......5 cents per pound
Sheep, fat and heavy"......5 cents per pound
Lambs, fat and heavy. cents per pound
Veals, fine and fat......8 cents per pound
Pigs weighing 100 to l5G
pounds 49,. -. ....... so cents per pound
Best Holstein milk cows.....S5O per head
No. l creamery butter.......28 cents per pound
Fine factory cheese......... 10 cents per pound
These dollars contain more pure silver than
the United States dollar.
Those who deliver stock in droves
should bring extra horse to draw home
their money.
Dated Aug. l.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

have been used in different countries.
The friends of tobacco and corn tried
hard TO prevent these crimes against
humanity" but the copper, gold and
silver bug conspirators came out on top
in spite of special legislation in the in
terests of tobacco and corn. This was a
hard blow TO our country. There is
plenty of tobacco, corn, eggs and mo-
lasses to give us all the "per capita"
we could carry if the crime of demoneti-
zation had not been committed against
them, thereby causing prices of these
and other articles, except the precious
metals, to fall precipitately. Economists
tell us that these articles ceased to be
used as money because they lacked
some essential quality. They say that
some were perishable; others bulky
and hard to transport; others could not
be easily divided for the purpose of
making change; others were not uni
form in size or quality, while nearly all
lacked stability of value. But every to-
bacco, corn, molasses or egg producer
and every lover of the weed, of omelets
or of johnny cake and sorghum knows
that they were demonetized because
they were SO plentiful that the Shy locks.
could not monopolize them as easily as
they could the precious metals
Manufacturing Stage.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02
A. b. SHELDON.

Mr.. Sheldon is able to do what he
promises to do He is giving the farm
ers of Chautauqua the benefit of the in
fated prices which the advocates of a
80 cent dollar desire and is doing it
without asking the United States gov
eminent to become a repudiator and a
cxuiu1lor
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

Physicians views. Soaps made from
animal fats are poisonous to the skin,
causing unsightly sores and eruptions,
therefore Physicians endorse Sayman's
Vegetable Wonder Soap on account of
its purity and excellence. Price 10c,
8 bars 25c. Ask your druggist for it. 10
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02
Big Prices For Farmers Products.

The Chautauqua News of Sherman,
n. Y, contains in its latest number an
advertisement which we copy free Of
charge:
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02
WAR PRICES.
MEXICAN SILVER DOLLARS

In order to assist those who believe in the
'white metal 1 will pay the following prices
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

'. INDIAN CORN. VI. TO cy IN NeWTound-
BAcco VII. GOLDFISH. land. Sugar,
rum, ginger, olive oil, eggs, indigo and
moiasses are some of the products that
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02
Agricultural Stage.

In the agricultural stage man owns
land, mas fixed habitations and is pos
sessed of a far greater variety Of proper
ty than when he was nomad Though
he continued to use cattle, slaves, ETC.,
as money, yet he sometimes added sta
pie farm products and began to use met
ais, especially copper and gold, which
at first were usually estimated in terms
of cattle aud were measured roughly
instead Of being weighed.
Wheat, barley and oats are now, as
they have been for 2, 900 years, a medi-
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02
Manufacturing Stage.

The manufacturing stage is not clearly
defined. Hoes We're once money in China
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

un o. eAcilans9
~ y VI" aS anu
o1lier s u = : :
PaL's u EuLope'
~ q lze Or llialaH
corn once loIlll-
- tLle gu 10y
q he@l ~ Ssh
tlai 4 lilel ica s'i,u
solli'7 g tn !. cary
coloI ~ oO"0
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

cattle as money. Similar words in nearly
every language testify to the once gen
eral use of cows and sheep as money.
A man s wealth was estimated by his
herds and flocks.
1t was in this stage that conquerors
stopped eating captives because it was
discovered that they were worth more
as shepherds and carriers of water,
wood, etc. Hence also slaves often fig
ured as money
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

the first regular coin of western Europe.
It soon became the recognized unit OF
value in commerce and was replaced
only by the English sovereign, which
has since remained the standard unit OF
value for international trade.
The commercial world has chosen
gold as money because, all things con-
sidered, it is better fitted for this pur-
pose than any other metal or substance.
It owes its position entirely to it's in
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02
The Pastoral Stage,

Man early tanned the domestic ami
mails. The sheep and the COW being the
most useful, they naturally, with their
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

to stamped metallic money, Weights in
the form of sheep indicate that sheep
were in Biblical times the unit of
value in Palestine.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

Iron was used as money in Sparta
Pieces of bent iron ready for the black
smith pass as money in west Africa
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1896-09-02

For Sale by J.R. Kruger.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22
WORLDS FAIR REPORT.
VIII Embrace Nearly Forty Large Vol.
umea,

washington, Oct. l9.-President
Palmer. Of the worlds fair commits.
slcn, and his associates on the commit.
Zee on final report, assembled here for
a session of several days duration, at
which the reports to the president and
to congress will be perfected. These
reports will present a complete review
OF the accomplish ents of the exposi-
tlon. The report of the board of
awards will make about twenty five
volumes of 800 pages each; that of the
director general ten volumes; that of
the president and secretary two vol
umes, while the extent of the report of
the ladies' board is not yet determined.
These, 1t is intended, shall constitute
a permanent history and memorial of
what the exposition did. The Phila.
delphla centennial commissions report
embraced nine volumes. That of the
Paris exposition was ON an elaborate
scale, with steel e~ngravings, showing
to the world the best features of the
French exposition. The present work
Will be handsomely illustrated and
somewhat similar, though less elabor.
ate than the French reports. The work
has progressed since the fair closed,
and is now copmlete, so that the board
meets TO pass upon it finally before Law.
ing it before the president and con-
gress. Its publication will depend
upon congress. The reports will also
wind up the financial affairs of the
national commission, and will show a
balance in favor of the government of
about 1874, 900. This includes the
ladies' board, which has a credit bal.
ance
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22
BUMPED INTO THE SEA.

How the Turks In Constantinople Got
Rid Of A rmenians.
New York. Oct. 2O.-Madji Rahsin
is a Christian Turk, who was one of
the passengers on board the La Gas
cogne, which arrived today. He comes
to this country on a business trip.
Through an interpreter, he told about
the massacres of Armenians. He was
in Constantinople during the three
days massacres in August. During
that time 80, 900 A%rmenians, he said,
were slaughtered throughout the en-
pire. Wagons filled with bodies were
constantly passing through the streets
of Constantinople. Carload after cart.
load of these bodies were dumped into
the sea. The sight WIS a sickening
one,a and what added to its horror vas
the fact that in those wagons were
piled the dead and dying, and the
feeble cries of the wounded for release
could be heard coming from the carts,
but the appeals were utterly unheeded.
Whether killed or wounded, all were
thrown into the sea. Rahsin says the
Americans had not been molested up
to date. They are leaving Constanti-
fearing they may be attacked.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22

Victoria, b. c., Oct. 19.-Among
the passengers by the City of Topeka
arriving from the North tonight were
Captain Coles and crew, of the little
thirty.one ton sealer San Jose, which
left here for Behring sea early in June
last. While homewsrd bound with
6l0 skins on September 90, she was
caught in a fierce gale at Unimak pass,
and, dragging her anchor, became a
total wreck. The seasons catch was
saved with difficulty and no lives were
lost.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22
UNCLE SANS MAILS.
l'eport OF the Third Assistant Po..
master-GeneraI.

utuoral.
washington. Oct. l9.-The animal
report OF the third assistant postmaster.
general for the fiscal wear shows Tho
total expenditure for the year was 800.
o@o 1885, and receipts 1872, 494, 2Os, leay.
lug a deficit of s,125,O SS, or $1.679,.
700 less than the deficit of the preced.
ing year The expenditures do not in.
clude the cost of carrying the mails
over the subsidized Pacific roads, which
amounted to 81, l55, S5S.
The special delivery service made an
increase of 10 per cent in business dur
ing the year. 4,1S4, 1927 letters being de.
ilVered' The average time required
Tor delivery was II minutes. The net
proht OF the system vas about 500, 900.
y The number of postage stamps,
stamped envelopes and postal cards is.
sued was 4, 1875, 665, 523, an increase of
per cent over the issue of the pre-.
Vlous year. The value of these issues
Was $i9, l7S, 10l, which is about $74O,.
600 more than the sales.
The increase Of second. class matter
mailed by publishers and news agents
was nearly 10 per cent. The total
weight of matter thus'mailed, paid and
free, was about $40, O00, 900 pounds.
The business of registration was also
increased, the rate being about 1 per
cent. The total number of pieces of
mail matter registered was 10, los, 1886.
The percentage of losses was reduced,
the ratio being about nj in every a..
600 pieces mailed by the public.
Recommendation is again made for
a limited indemnity to the owners of
registered matter lost in the mails.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22
BROKE A SHAFT.
>'ea'nship Paris Crossed the oo..n
With One screw.

southampton, Oct. 2O.-The Ameri.
Jan line steamship Paris, Captain Will.
klhs, from New York, October >
reached the dock in this city at 9 o'olocb
tnls morning. She reports that ar O A
M October 8, in latitude 40. As north
longitude l57 west, while going at a
moderate rate of speed in calm
weather, her starboard tail shaft broLa
Inc engines were Immediately stonned
and a boat lowered and an examips.
.ion made, from which it was ascer.
talned that the propeller had been
damned and broken. The shaft woo
secured and the ship proceeded with
one engine. There was not the slightest
uheaslness amongst the passengers over
the turn of affairs, and the officers
were all perfectly cool.
The North German LLOYD steamship
ruerst Bismarck (Which arrived in
New York October 9, bringing the
news that the Paris was disabled, was
sighted two hours after the shin had
got under way again. The Paris kent
IN the track of westbound steamers dur.
ing the voyage in order to be reported
ana to be able to request aid if needed.
The weather was moderate and fine
tnroushout the voyage, except on two
occasions, when there were gales. No
cause is assigned for the accident. but
IL Is thought to have been due to a flaw
in the shaft. The passengers stated
they had a pleasant trip and some ex.
pressed themselves as being sorry that
the voyage ended.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22
A GEORGIA
Results in the Death of Three Men and
the WoundIng of Two.

the Woundlng of Two.
Columbus, Ga, Oct. 16.-Three
men are dead and two seriously wound
ed as the result of a serious tragedy
which shook Columbus to its founda-
lions today. One Of the dead is J. A.
White, who vas the cause of the
whole trouble. White and his 19.year-
old son murdered in cold blood two
policemen, and wounded two other
men who were in the party attempting
to arrest them. The murdered officers
are Richard NJ. Adams and William
jackson. White was formerly a po-
liceman, but for several years had been
in the shoe business. He has been con-
sidered eccentric, but not crazy. To.
dav he became involved in a quarrel in
a barroom, and Adams and Jackson
served him with a summons to answer
a charge of disorderly conduct. This
maddened White, who threatened the
officers. He went home, got his Win
chester and brought a supply of cart
ridges. With his son he went to a bar
room, and, leaving there, encountered
tne OUlCerS.
Il told you to get ready, and if you
amt ready you ought to be-" White
called out, as he opened fire on the men.
Adams fell at the first shot. Then
Jackson fell, begging the Whites to
stop firing. The father stood ogel him.
firing into his PROSTATE body. The
news of the affair created great excite
ment. Policeman Roberts went to
Whites house, knocked. was asked in,
and as he stepped inside was fatally
wounded by a ball from Whites gun.
The entire police force. armed with
Winchesters, and their party augment
ed by a large number Of armed citi-
zens, went to arrest the Whites. The
Whites home was surrounded and de-
mands made for surrender. The reply
was a shot, which wounded a boy in
the crowd. Then six officers went to
the house and broke down the doors.
AS they sprang in White fired. wound
ing Sergeant Pickett. At the same
time White was shot. He attempted
to break through, but half a dozen bull
lets were put through his body. Henry.
the son, escaped. A posse with blood.
hounds is on his trail.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22
LOST HIS TEMPER.
A Spanish Editor Aroused by a WASH
ington Dispatch.

A Spanish Editor Aroused by a Wash.
ington Dispatch.
Madrid, Oct. 20. Accommodating NJ
on the statement contained in a dis.
patch from Washington that President
Cleveland intends to intervene in Cuba
in a manner tantamount to the recog-
milton of the independence of the insur-
gents, the impartial declares that
Spain ought to demand a full e~xplana.
ton of the Washington government.
''Sbe cannot brook a threat over her
head" continues the impartial, "even
for a single day. By what right does
the United States define the time for
Spain to settle a question OF her in
ternal administration? 1t must be
affirmed before the whole world that
the American government cannot i'm.
pose any sort Of terms upon us.
After denouncing the United States
fictitious neutrality, the impartial con-
cludes as follows:
1.-THE conduct of the United States
will arouse international Indignation.
II Spain should remain alone in a con-
,6iot with the United States, Spaniards,
by their own efforts, will know how to
mark the differences between the noble
defenders of their own property and the
vile trafickery at Washington
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22
wheat Growers on Their Feet.

Tacoma, Wash, Oct. I9.-State
Grain Inspector Lawrence reports that
wheat growers throughout the Inland
Empire are in hopes of getting fairly
started on the way to success this sea.
son. They will be put we'll on their
feet, he says, if no untoward occurrence
prevents them from receiving all for
their grain that circumstances now
promise. He says the greater part of
the seasons crop is still in the hands
of the grower, and he, as usual, is in.
clined to hold for higher prices. Quo.
tations at all points east of Sprague
are 90 cents a busbel in the warehouse
today for No. l club. For wheat on
board cars, the price paid is two cents
higher. In the Walla Walla district,
the quotations are as high as 81 cents
a bushel on bluestem wheat. Idaho
growers receive the same for their grain
as Washington growers.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22
CRIMES SWIFT PENALTY. ,
Desperadoes Shot Down After Robbing
u Bank.

DesperadOes Shot Down After RobbinR
Bank.
.Meeker, Colo, Oct. 16.-Yesterday
afternoon. three men entered the Bank
of Meeker, which is connected with
the storeroom of ]. w. Hughes & Co.,
who own the bank. Two of the men
held up the store employees, while the
third wen to the bank cashiers win.
dow. and, firing one shot. ordered the
cashier to throw up his hands. The
order was not quickly obeyed and the
robber fired again, whereupon the cash
ier's hands went up. The manager Of
the store was then forced to open the
bank door, and, after gathering up all
the money in sight, the robbers marched
the cashier and store employees into the
street with hands uplifted. Then they
rushed out the back way with their
booty. |
Citizens, attracted by the shots, had
pretty we'll surrounded the building by
this time, and, being armed. opened
fire on the robbers, two of whom,
Charles Jones and William Smith,
were killed by the first volley. The
third man, George Harris, was shot
through the lungs. dying in two hours.
He is fully identified, and gave the
other names, which were believed to be
fictitious.
Four citizens were wounded: Dis
trict Game Warden Clark, bullet in
the right breast, not fatal; Victor
Dykeman, clerk, scalp wound; w. p.
Herrick, finger shot off.
1t is believed one of the dead men
is Thomas McCarty, who robbed the
banks at Telluride and Delta, Colo.
The coroner's jury returned a verdict Of
justifiable homicide. Meeker is ninety
miles from Rifle, on the Rio Grande,
the nearest telegraph station.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22
In Dirty Ii ~usiness.

Chicago, Oct. 19.-J. H. Cummings,
who is said to have been at one time a
newspaperman in San Francisco and
the East, was sentenced to ten days in
the county Jail on a charge of extortion
today. Some years ago Miss Julia
Adler kept company and correspondent
with Henry Tillenburg. After Miss
Adler's marriage to r. Barrati, a stock
borker, T~illenburg is said to have
shown her letters to Cummings. Both
%Tillenburg and Cummings were nearly
penniless, and formed a plan to extort
money from Mrs. Barrati by means of
the letters. The dates were changed
to make them appear to have been
written after her marriage. Then
Cummings demanded $50 apiece for
the letters, threatening to show them
to Mr.. Barrati, in case of her refusal.
In this way $40 was secured, $40 at a
time. Cummings gave the lady a part
Of one of the letters in return. Finally,
Mrs. Barrati told her husband. The
arrest of Cummings and Tillenburg
followed. ~Tillenburg secured his re.
lease on bail, and has not since been
seen. He is said to be we'll connected
in Chicago.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22
TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION.
Nine-Hour Labor Law Passed BY the
Convention.

OohtchtlOhs
Colorado, Springs, Colo, Oct. 49,
Today's session Of the International
Typographical Union was the most i'm
portant that has been held since the
convention opened, four days ago.
The business of the election of officers
and the consideration of the adoption
of the nine.hour labor law ran the ses-
sion late into the night. The election
for the offices Of president, first vice.
president and secretary treasurer were
all hotly contested.
The following officers were chosen
for the ensuing term: President, w.
B. Prescott, Of Toronto, reelected; Sec
rotary. treasurer, John W. Brentwood,
of Denver; first vice.president, Theo.
Perry, of Nashville; second vice-presi-
dent, George W. Williams, of Boston;
third vice.prtsident, Hugo Miller, of
Indianapolis, reelected.
The most important item of business
transacted by the convention at to.
days session was the passage of the
nine-hour labor law. An effort to pass
an eight-hour law was defeated. The
nlne.hour law has now to be voted
upon by every typographical union in
the country, before its final adoption.
In 1886, such a law passed the interna-
tional convention, but was defeated
when presented to the various typo.
graphical unions.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1896-10-22
THREE FiREMEN KILLED..
q ushed to Death In the Burning OF a
Chemical Warehouse.

Montreal, Oct. 10 Three firemen
were killed and three badly injured at
a fire this afternoon at the chemical
warehouse of Gilmore & Co. The fire
ragged with great fury, owing to the
combustible nature of a great portion
of the contents of the building. The
firemen fought courageously, and after
an hours work seemed to have the up.
per hand. At this stage the firemen
were distributed in all parts of the
building, and were speedily drowning
out the flames, when, with a terrible
crash, the second floor gave way and
fell. The men below were crushed un.
der tons of timber and goods. The
loss is 800, 600.