New-York tribune., 1896-11-30
THE NEW ST. NICHOLAS PARN.

arc TO be looked at from different points OF view
In The American Union IN, Federal icth"'''es P'e-
s.ss only those powers which have been surreh-
dered by the sovereign States; in the Canadian
federation the provinces have only those powers
which bv the Act OF Confederation have been
specially conferred upon them, all others pelhs
reserved for federal control. Within the prescribed
limit tn, province has complete and exclusive
Jurisdiction Thus it has the power Of direct taNa-
ton: 1t administers its own public lands; issues
trade licenses builds and operates provincial pub
lie works incorporates provincial companies legs
latos with respect to education. civil rights ana
property. and regulates the administration OF JUS
tlce the judges of the courts being appointed ana
paid by the federal authorities In these matters
the province has to decide and act for Itself but
with such matters as trade and commerce. criminal
and commercial law. banking ana the develop
mcnt OF public enterprises OF National concern tho
federal and not the provincial powers have TO deal
As in tho other provinces. the head OF the execu-
tive of Quebec Is = Lieutenant Governor, appointed
for q term OF five years by the federal authorities.
He administers through cabinet OF seven re-
sponslble ministers with seats In the legislature.
and holding Office only long they possess tho
confidence Of majority Of the members OF the
elective assembly. Quebec has two chambers in
her legislature. upper house. or legislative
council. and house OF assembly. The members
of tn" council number twenty-four appointed for
life IN" house OF assembly contains seventy-four
members. elected by the constituencies OF the prov
federal House OF Commons chosen. Such is
the machinery by which Quebec is governed
QUEBECS JUDICIAL SYSTEM
It Is In the Judicial system that the greatest dir-
ference IL discovered not only between quebec
and her sister province. but aso any other
community on the Continent. except. perhaps.
The State OF Louisiana. Both Quebec and Lou
isiani were French colonies Both
cciged the French cl,l law the trial OF causes by
ft. al ,ul n.
division. Ia Quebec they are all retained to this
day. enjoyed under guarantee OF treaty and i'm
pcrill statute. The French ard the English lam
Suag"s are official both In the legislature and the
courts but outside OF the six English counties
along the New England frontier. two western
counties on the Ottawa ard in Montreal the Eng
lish language H. seldom heard. The civil law H.
embodied in a code yer, similar TO that OF Loulsi-
hem both based upon that sreat body OF Roman
most logical and complete system the world has
bcnc qer life od rs @dfirred g5r a by &
tic" II would do credit 70 any country There
go is grant separation Tor serious causes: the
marfl Ise Il" l. not dissolved. and neither can
legislation. but as the Roman Ca,holic Church
cants from Quebec In everything that relates to
IN @ ,onM G9yhGr nto h mhqF'h n is factor hat has to
tablIsned by lazy inasmnch as It's privileges were
the right to collect u,hes from It's adherents and
to their real estate for the erection and main
tenance Of church buildings.
THE POWER BEHIND THE THRONE
1t has also been the power behind the throne
making It's influence felt In the ballot box and in
the legislature. But that power seems TO be
waning. and OF late the French Canadian has
shown disposition to think and act for himself
in matters of state. This was exhibited in the
federal election OF juno last. when owing 10 the
Manitoba school question, the Liberal party had
the Bishops against them. ana yet the Liberals
under the leadership OF Mr.. I.airer swcpt the
province ~ 49,
In the administration of her finances Quebec has
NOT been fortnnate and. as the Conservative marry
has been In power since 1867, with the execution cf
six years, that party must bear large port ion of
the responsibility. The province has n public debt
Of about S>0mWo the annual revenue Is about
rrc ana a hali millions. ana often expenditure OK
cc"dS income In the "nltavor TO n AXE both ends
meet, VeNatous taxation rcsortcd to- The
present conservative regime imposed tax uron
banks and other financial institutions. upon traders
upon the transfer of real estate. and unon inher-
itahces The last two directly felt by the rural
lopulation. and no man d!slikes taxes NOR. than
does the quebec habifant. The commercial tax has