Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1896-02-13

| >E/SC2 AAAASoB ga
HM3 - tending through the
| [XNx states of Indiana
! ~ 49, Illinois. Missouri
| 'TyS Kansas, Colorado
! q Nebraska, Iowa
| and into and
through Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee,
Alabama and Georgia.
In these several trips have been a
close observer from the car window,
and though had been over most Of the
routes Travelled, it was no less inter-
esting to me this time, for the diversity
OF soil and climatic influences are per,
ceptibly noticeable as we pass through
| the different sections of country.
NO where do the methods of farm
ing present better appearance Of
thrift and home-like surroundings
ttan in sections where diversified
farming is systematically engaged IN
from year to year. by which the farmer
Srows as many or nearly all the staple
crops required to meet the demands
OF MS own wants. and by converting
the products thus grown to a higher
rate OF values ready for use. such as
oee1' pork, mutton. poultry, eggs, but
ter, etc. The all corn, wheat, cotton
or what not class of farmers are u.s.
ually more dependent upon others and
the uncertainties 0f marke: influences
that cause an unhappy condition in
their accounts.
Inc crops in localities appeared to he
exceptionally good, bat in many, shor.
70 very poor crop, and believe the corn
crop has been very much overestilnat-
ed by the reports. Germ Is selling too
low to be of any practical value to the
producer in districts where 10 cents.
per bushel is as much as it now COM
mands.
VI middle states farmer i. has been
said, plenty Of cora, plenty of every
thing, which I would take to mean he
has plenty Of cheap food to allow lib
erai FEEDING for the various kinds of
stock, converting 1t into many useful
articles necessary for getting ON
WELL"
In some sections of the West corn does
not mean SO much for the situation or
the producer has not the advantages of
obtaining those results, and is COM
PEELED to submit to the inevitable by
taxing what ever he can get after
freight and commission are paid
Miello. in Farmers Review.
Manures. |
The dead plant is prepared for feed
ing the growing plant through the ac-
ton OF micrOdemes or bacteria or, to |
use q name that will become general
among farmers. ferments; low orders Of
pant life similar to what raises bread |
Or ripene cream. There is much to learn
regarding the processes, but it has been
Ialrly well settled that each successive
step Is taken by different living or
The practical value of this
comes from the necessary conditions to
nave the dead plant-manure changed
o soluble plant food-and this is under
ne control Of the farmer. According
o warrington ammonia is made first,
litrltes next. then nitrates. The plant
nay feed on all of them, as all are
oluble. but the organisms may change
and nitrites to nitrates before
ne plant feeds upon them, as condi-
ions favorable to plant growth favor
itrifcation, that Is, heat and moisture
ultaole, together with the ingredients
ecessary to form the nitrates, which
manure supplies. Light is not favor
bic to nitriflcation. So we conclude
hat manure spread on the surface in
ry weather must wait until rains
rash it into the soil. If it is put on
ghtly, In the spring. grass may cover
nd shade it SO that the organisms can
'ork. If manure is plowed under in
ur soil from four to six inches the
,oisture and heat will be suitable for 7
'rming nitrates or soluable plant food.
manure is packed solidly in a pit 1t G
Ill not nitrify IL kept wet and cold,
nd II put In a great heap in winter, q
lille the weather is cold 1t will not :
reduce nitrates until turned over in t
he spring. because the oxygen in the d
If is necessity in the process. A
zap Of manure left in the barnyard {
l summer will waste on the outside, v
scause it gets too much air, while at
me distance from the outside It will
I'VE proper conditions for nitrifcatiop. =,
ID when rains come they will dissolve !.
70 nitrates and wash the solution y
way. So manure heaps carried over y
lould be covered to avoid this. and =
,pt moist and cool to prevent fire -
nging or loss Of ammonia In gaseous ~
ape. A loose heap of manure will q,
US waste away, and in the fall a =,
ad OF 1t is Of no more value, II as !,
UGH. than load Of green manure. -,
Q must then spread the green manure ~
once ON the surface or pillow it un- =,
:, or put it in condition to make nj -
ltes and then keep the rains on. -,
10 not practical to put manure in =.
Id storage. nor to build houses for =
The best We can do ia to put the
Ssh manure on the land. There is is
loss from sun drying, and when th
ms come they will wash 1t into the Al
u, where the ferments can reduce it tn
plant fOod.-Prof James Wilson. be
as
Value of Eapsv, V9e~Au~e.