davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22

work for the bright days. When the
rainy days set in we have an opportun-
ity of reviewing our years work, Of
critically looking into the methods
which we have employed with the diff
ferent crops, of rejecting these which
have proved defective Or unsatisfac
tory, and of seeking light from other
sources to guide Us to q more general
success. In these days of agricultural
literature, when experiment station
bulletins, State and National, are spread
broadcast over the land, when agricul
turei periodicals are so cheap'y pub
lished. when the large weekly news
papers as we'll as the country press
have column after column devoted ex
clusively to agricultural subjects, there
is scarcely q question in which the farm
er is Interested that is not more Or less
discussed and elucidated. Farmers who
are di2posed to read and study certain.
ly have better opportunities than ever
before fer gaining all needed informa
tion, That they are appropriating and
and inteliigently using these opportuni
ties is evidenced by the improvement
which is beginning to mark our agri
culture. One fact alone is a suffi ;ient
illustration, the farmers, although the
crop is short, have not been fol ced by
the pressure of creditors to market
their entire cotton crop prematurely.
The prese crop rests on tbs firm basis
OF more careful business methods, Of
ample home supplies and as a rule
farmers have been able to exercise their
choice as to the time Of disposiDg of it.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22
PUBLIC SCHOOL AGRICULTURE

F D. Coburp, Secretary Of the Kan
sas State Board of Agriculture, says:
In an agricultural country like ours,
where to such an extent all prosperity
depends on agriculture, it seems to me
specially appropriate chat the youth Of
the country, whatever their future 70
cation may be, should be instructed in
the elementary principles Of agricul
tural science. The introduction Of sut h
studieg into the common schools I re-
gard as most desirable. Too many of
our youths are being reared without
any conception whatever that all our
prosperity depends on successful 8gri-
culture, and any proper education
should make them acquainted with q
fact so important, and aid them 30 a
right respect for and right appreciation
of a very fundamental principle Of our
civiIiz alton. Even if it had no direct
value it would be worth all its cost if
it did what would be so very desirable,
namely, teach two thirds Of the rising
generation that the man who tills the
SOIL is not less a man thereby, and is
not necessarily a proper subject for
their jests, alleged Witticisms or com
miseration.
Farm organizations should Insist that
the State teach the principles Of agri-
culture in the common schools.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22
OBSERVE THE SMALL ECONO-
MIES

No legitimate business can long with
stand even a few minor wastes. Com
petition in ell forms Of legitimate busl
ness is always too sharp for this to be
true. 1t is the observance of the small
economies in any business that makes
it prosperous. These things count for
just as much in conducting the business
of the farm as they do elsewhere. And
this is why on some farms we alvey g
see evidence of thrift while at a neigh
boring farm whose owner is laboripg
under exactly similar conditions there
is every evidence of q continual up hill
struggle for bread and butter. Econ
omy is truly the watchwoTd in every
prosperous business.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22
WHEAT AND WHEAT EXPORTS

The expectation Of grain is going on
with unwonted activity and it is stated
that all the grain capacity of the foreign
steamers to sail from Atlantic ports be-
tween now and February 1st has bee n
contracted ahead. Wheat, which re-
Gently rose in price in manner so
startling and so sudden as to put the
trade in a futter, and then dropped as
suddenly because of the taking of spec
ulative profits by these who had no
confidence in the genuineness Of the
rise, again recovered nearly the whole
OF the loss, rising to 794 and again de-
clined, closing 745 on the 55h Of No
vemb9r and 76s for May, which latter
had closed the day before at 81B, de-
gree of fuctuation that shows how
gambling speculation is using tie grain
for it's own purposes. Now is time
when a good efficient anti, option law
that would prevent all transactions
that did not mean actual wheat and its
delivery would be blessing to the pro-
ducer. While there is every prospect
of firm demand at even stronger
prices than at present prevail, the
gambling transactions enable the grain
grower to get only the lowest range Of
fuctuating market, for the grain
bug er feels that he must make himself
safe by paying no more than the low
est price to which wheat is likely go in
the c0ur8e Of it's fluctuations. The
gambler now buys for a rise and wien
one or two or three cents comes, real
ICES by throwing his gambling con-
tracts on the market, which breaks
under the wind offerings. The actual
condition Of wheat being a tendency to
strong prices, it begins to recover and
the gambler repeats the operation again
and breaks it again, so that it never
has a chance to reach a normal price
based upon demand and supply. Every
time it seeks to get up in response to
demand, the gambler knocks it down
by wind" offerings The O. porter
helps the work along by using the in
iquitous system as Insurance. He buys
a cargo OF real wheat at a price that
will afford him profit at the port of
destination, and then sells the same
amount OF wind" +" the effect Of which
is to depress the market. Then whether
the price goes up or down is a matter
of Indifference to him, for if there is an
rise or fall, the gains and
losses it caused on the two transactions
are equal and wash each other out,
while he makes the profit he originally
safely and without any
risk to himself.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22

TIE evils of unjust assessment of
property for texAtion-locel, county
and State-are growing The older a
State becomes the more unjustly do
taxes bear on the farmer. This can
only be remedied by State law. Go
for" your legislator.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22
Ollie, n. Q.
EFFECT OF MULCHING POTA-
TOES.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
In the mountainous portions Of Ecu
adOr, South America, it is said that the
finest potatoes OF the world are grown.
1t is situated Immediately under the
equator and consC quently the days and
nights are ab ut of equal length
throughout the year, each being II
hours long. AS a result, the tempera
ture never varies, it is said, more than
five degrees over, nor under 80 de
grees throughout the year. Said tenn
perature is suitable for the potato and
consequently it grows to great pertec-
tion, requiring ordinary cultivation
only, but no mulching.
In the United S ates, especially in
the middle and southern poTtione, the
climate is much too warm for potatoes
that are planted in early spring, as
they mature in the midst Of the sum
mer's heat. Bu5 by mulching with
wheat straw, leaves or other litter to a
proper depth the temperature can be
materially lowered and, as areeuit, the
quantity and quality Of sthe potatoes
will be greatly improved. Bu5 even
then cur climate is much too warm.
In order to meet and overcome the
above fiji ,ul5ies, the potatoes shJ Juld
be planted about the 2O1h of June and
soon after they commence coming up
they should be we'll mulched. The
mulch will keep the ground cool and
moist. The potatoes will mature in
early fell, when the climate suits them
Potatoes gro x 4 thus are more inclined
to be round and smooth than those
planted early, and being Of better quail
ity they will doubtless command 8
higher price. AS regards quantity,
other things being equal, l believe that
fail potatoes will yield from 80 to 100
per cent. more than those planted
early.
To grow large potatoes, and as be-
Iieve to increase the yield also, they
should have distance. I believe that
3 foot rows and 18 inches in the drill,
thinred to 1 stalk, plenty close. The
Uotatoes from seven single stalks that
grew flied half bushel ard right
heaped up; these were fall potatoes, as
we call them.
The sprouts that are pulled eff, when
the potatoes are thinned, do well If set
out, but did not experiment to see
which did best, they or the stalks left
attached to the old potatoes. Thinning
to one stalk has been found by actual
experiment to possess great advantages,
but 1 have not space here for details.
have an idea that the old potato,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22
CRIMSON GLOVER.

Correspondence Of The Progressive Farmer.
Ibelieve that crop of crimson clover,
sown in August, can be grown and
turned under in ample time to grow a
crop of fall potatoes In order to stim-
ulate the clover, I suggest that 300
pounds of acid phosphate and 400
pounds of kainit be broadcast per acre
and plowed under about three weeks
before the clover seed is sown Double
this quantity can be safely used, but l
consider the above goo pounds) ample.
l read Of a party who tried crimson
clover and it failed. He then applied
500 pounds of kainit per acre and re
sowed. This brought aid held the
the clover AS thick as lie hair on a
dogs back"
The clover, when ripe, should be we'll
turned. Better delay planting the pO-
tatoes for few days than to turn it
before ripe. Before planting the pota
toes a disc harrow should be used to
cut the sods.
Glover, grown and turned as above,
will enrich any land. This fertility
can be largely increased by growing
AID turning an occasional crop Of clover
and COW peas, these crops to be grown
under a proper system Of rotation in
connection with other crops.
All perfect fertilizers contain, as a
basis Of fertility, three elements, which
are nitrogen, phosphorus and potash.
Acid phosphate and kainit furnish re
spectively the needed phosphorus and
potash. AS a general thing, all plants
except those belonging to the Iegume
family, such as clover, COW peas, beans,
vetches and a few others, re quire nitro
gen in the soil. Now clover, COW peas,
etc, draw the needed nitrogen from
the air and therefore DO not require a
direct application of nitrogen, such
es nitrate Of soda Chill saltpetre)
Hence by supplying two elements, the
third, which is by far more costly than
either of the other two, can virtually
be produced, thus cheaply and prac
tically preparing the soil for any crop
that requires a perfect fertilizer.
BRYAN TYSON.
Ollie, n. Q.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22
ROTATION OF CROPS.

An important detail Of cur work too
little appreciated or studied is rotation
of crops. We should irquire most
carefully into the relations which GER
tain crops sustain to each other, their
edaptability to our lands, and the
proper or der in which they should sue
coed each other. Having these funda
mental principles thoroughly fixed in
our minds, and having planned an in
telligent system Of rotation, let us ad-
here to it TigiGly and allow no matter
of convenience or expediency to swerve
US from a steady prosecution OF the
work. The cultivation of Gotten at t. g
South has been carried en- under such
methods as to prove very disastro GUS il
not destructive 20 soils, says the South
ern Cultlvat0r.
a cotton crop removes certain eIe-
ments from the soil and when this re
movRl has been repeated yeer after
year, and nothing or comparatively
nothing returned to take the place of
the fertility carried If, there has been
a conaequeL falling If IN the J ield IN
til it has reached a point where it does
not pay the cost OF production. Under
| these circumstances the plan heretofore
has been to abandon these So called
"wornout" fields to the slow processes
of natural restoration and seek other
more fertile sole. Tn judicious
system of rotation combined with thor
ough preparation and cultivation, would
be a much more expeditions and salts
factory method is already shown On
many farms where diverslfi4d agricul
ture holds g place. The perfecting Of
any system Of rotation is necessarily g
work Of tim and patience, and although
a succession OF what may be called
''graded" crops will undoubtedly re
move a larger amount Of nitrogen,
phosphoric acid and potash from the
soil, the land will be kept in higher
state of productiveness than by the
single crop system.
The cotton mills are coming South,
iror1 mills. furniture factories, shoe fac
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22
EXECUTIVE BOARD.
JUDICIARY,
sog4E CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALLI-
ANOE.

President = DR.. Cyrus Thompson,
Richlands, Y. Q.
Vice President-Jno. Graham, Ridge
way, n. Q.
Secretary -Tr6asurer-W. 8. Barnes,
RilsbOrO, II. 9.
Lecturer-J. 7. B. Hoover, Elm City,
n. Q.
steward-Dr. V. N. seawell, Villa
now, n. Q.
Chaplain-Rev. P. n. Massey, Dur
ham, n. O.
Door-keeper-Geo. T. Lane, Green's
ooro, n. Q.
Assistant Door keeper-Jas. E. Lyon,
Durham. II. O.
ergeant-a5- -Arms-A. D. z. Wallace,
authorization, n. @.
State Business Agent-T. Ivey, Hills
6oro, N. Q.
Trustee Business Agency Fund-W.
A. Graham, MacnpelGh, n. y.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE EORTH
CARCLTNA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE.
F. Hileman, Concord, N. c.; N.
G. English, Trinity, n. G.; James ID.
heWbOrne, Kins on, n. Z.
sTATa ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
John Brady, Gatesville, N. c.; DR..
J.F. Harreu, Whiteville, n. O.; L. j..
Gambler. Acton, n. &.
ssrth Carolina Reform Press Association.
qRoers-J L. Ramsey, PrestdRalt =;
azzTsOn Butler, Vice President; ". 5.
B8r5Ses, Secretary,
. PAPERS.
GS99vvs Farmer. Ia e Orzar Rs,efgh, N. q,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22
vzn RATIONAL FARMERS ALI.
ANCR AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.

President Mann Page, Brandon,
Vice-President-H. Q. Snaveiy, Leb-
anon, Pa.
Secretary -Treasurer-R. A. South
worth, Denver, Col.
EXECUTIVE BOARD.
HI. Loucks, Huron, s. D.; W. P.
Bricker, Cogan Station, Pa, i; j. +. Viii
let's, Kansas; W. L. Peeke, Ga.
JUDICIARY.
&. A. Southworth, Denver, Colo.
3. ". Beck, Alabama.
D. Davie, kentucky.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22

Christmas comes but once a year.
Some subscribers don't renew that often
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22

The cotton mills are coming South,
iron mills, furniture factories, shoe fac,
tories, great works of ali kinds. Just
90 soon as the country gets out of the
clutches Of the goldbugs, the Southern
farmer will begin to enjoy prosperity
of a substantial nature.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22

"The Progress
sive Farmer is 4
good paper--fRr
above the aver
age -and possibly
the best advertis-
ing medium in NJ.
c." Printers Ink.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22

"The Progress
sIve Farmer is q
good paper---far
above the aver
aqe-and possibly
the best advertis-
inq medium in N.
G" Printers Ink.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-12-22

sarth Carolina Reform Press Association.
Q6loers-J. L. Ramsey, PrestdR'at ;
ezzTSOn Butler, Vice President; n. 5.
Bzr5ges, Secretary,
The San Francisco call., 1896-07-06
Dwyer Likely to Be Named as
Their Choice TOR National
Committeeman.
JUDGE MAGUIRE SEES TROUBLE
DRAWING NEAR.
Says a Bot on the Part of the Gold
Delegates Is One of the
Probabilities.
1.-THE CALLS" HEADQUARTERS,
GREAT NORTHERN HOTEL,


We arrived in Chicago at O'Clock this
morning and plunged Immediately into
the fight Its intensity has not been over
stated. Each side suspects the other and
acts upon the suspicion. A majority of
the National Committee are gold men, and
they are determined TO insist upon nam
ing gold man for temporary chairman,
Senator Hill of New York was selected for
the position.
As soon as this became known to the
silver men they appointed a committees
consisting of Senator Cockerell of Mis-
souri, and Senator White of California to-
wait upon Hill and warn him that they
would resist and overturn the appointments
OF anv gold advocate to that place.
The committee, as automatically as
possible, said that in the present temper
of the silver men his selection was out of
the question. Hill thereupon declined the4
proffered appointment, and the National
Committee rendered the place to Senator
White. This was a great surprise, and
placed White in very Embarrassing posi-
ton. To accept it after inducing Hill to-
decline was out of the question, so he posi-
lively declined the honor.
l understand that the temporary chair
man has not yet been selected.
No apparent change has occurred in the
relative strength OF the leading candidates
for President. Bland is still in the lead,
but not far enough to insure his nonnira-
ton. The Utah delegation met to-day
and agreed to vote as unit for Bland.
The California delegation met, but took.
no action on that question. 1t elected W..
w. Foote chairman and Harry E. Wise
secretary by acclamation.
l called up the resolution of the.
State convention instructing the delega-
ton to present the name of White for
President, if opportunity should offer.
After considerable discussion, most of it
in favor of this action, Senator White took
the floor and vehemently protested against
the proposition to place him in nomina-
tlon, saying that the circumstances did
not justify it.
"There is no apparent chance of sue
ceeding," said the Senator, land in my
opinion, viewed from a purely personal
standpoint, it would not add to the great
honor conferred upon me by the State
convention TO have the California delega-
| ton and a few eoldbugs, or even many
goldbugs vote for me in the National con-
vention. In my opinion it would be dis
aster to have our candidate, whoever he
may be, nominated by the votes of gold
| delegates, and it certainly would not be
/ much of an honor for an unsuccessful can
| didate to be given votes from that source"
The matter was thereupon dropped for
| the present by the delegation.
| The selection of committeeman, inelud-
! ing National Committeeman, was post
/ off - q
| o'clock. The fight for National Commit
teeman has narrowed down to Tarpey and
Dwyer, with the chances very strongly in
favor OF the latter. Joe has become very
popular with the young men of the dele
! CATION and they are in control.
| Before adiourning the delegation lis
The San Francisco call., 1896-07-06

condemnation of the financial policy Of
President Cleveland and Secretary Carlisle
inserted in the platform, but it is believed
that while the administration will escape
censure the convention will likewise refuse
to commend it, and that any substitute
the gold men may offer will be voted down
by the solid free-silver vote OF the conven-
tion.
There was great deal of talk to-day
favorable TO a plank that smacks very
largely of what is known as jingoism. In
conversation this afternoon a delegate
who has been selected as mem Der of the
committee on resolutions, and who will in
all probability be its chairman, said that
the Democratic party had always been the
American party, and il was oply during
the administrations of President Cleveland
that the Americanism of the party had
been cast aside. 1t was therefore quite
likely that the foreign policy of the pres
ent administration, by indirection at least
would be repudiated.
II the programme agreed upon by these
gentlemen does not go amiss the sympathy
of the Democratic party Will be expressed
for suffe ring Cnba and demand made for
the recognition of its independence. 1t is
not impossible that the desire to ''even
things up with the administration may
lead to the adoption of a plank on this
subject that will be equally strong as that
adopted at st. Louis.
The San Francisco call., 1896-07-06
Eastern Delegates Determined
to Name the Temporary
Chairman.
SENATOR HILLS NAME is TO
BE PRESENTED.
If Recommended by the National Com
mittee the Action Will Be
Voted Down.
Headquarters UNITED PRESS,
HERALD BUILDING,
CHICAGO. Ill. July 5.

The crisis in National Democratic pros
poets will probably be reached tomorrow.
1t may be precipitated by the decision of
the National Committee as to the tenn
porary chairman of the convention. There
is a well-grounded belief tonight that the
sound-money men of that committee will
recommend to the convention that SEN
ator David b. Hill of New Y ork be the
temporary presiding officer.
The knowledge that this was the inten-
ton of the committee is said to furnish
the explanation of Mr.. Hills absence from
the gold mems mass-meeting last night.
He has thus escaped the denunciations
which the silver men at the Sherman
House have iavished with unsparing
Senator Gray, Mr.. MacVeagh and District
Attorney Fellows for their participation
in that gathering.
There is an openly expressed desire on
the part of the silver men to force the
fight in the beginning upon the temporary
Craftsmanship. and George Fred Williams
| of Massachusetts, one of the latest access
sions to the silver ranks, is spoken of as a
| desirable Eastern man to put forward in
antagonism to Senator Hill. The sound
money men are willing, and Senator Hill
is said to be eager to have the fight opened
on this issue. They assert that to antag-
onlze the recommendation of a National
committee in the matter of temporary or
ganization would be such a breach of
Democratic tradition and usage that no
convention could reasonably be expected
to sanction it by its deliberate vote.
/ Senator Harris of Tennessee appears to
be generally accepted as the majority s
choice for permanent chairman. If he
/ should take the chair it is thought he will
excuse himself from making any set
speech on the plea that recent sickness
has left his physical strength somewhat
impaired.
| The leading booms continue IN full
view. "Silver Dick" BANDS trumpeters
are making the most of the promised ac-
cession of Illinois forty-eight votes to
their standard and claim his nomination
is assured. The Boies men are not here
yet in full force. His boomers are to
arrive in two sections tomorrow. when
they will supply plenty of enthusiasm.
Meantime. the Tellerites profess such
absolute confidence in the nomination and
election of the Colorado Senator Though
his own State delegation stands committed
to Boies) that they are already bar
| gaining for partition of the spoils of
The San Francisco call., 1896-07-06
Will Fight to the Last Ditch
and Then Retire Before the
ConQuerors.
WHITES NAME MIGHT STILL
THE COMBAT.
Caifornia'S Senator the One Silverite
on Whom Warning Factions
Could Unit.
"rhe CALLS" Headqrsrters,

Great North ern Hotel, I
Chicago, III July o.)
Jupiter, Venus and the sun are in con-
jun ction in the house of the Bland boom
"a most favorable position of the stars
but Mercury, Saturn and Mars are in the
ascendant in the house Of New York.
Senator Hill did not have time to attend
church to-day, but remained in his
apartments putting up jobs on Bland.
United States Senator stephen NJ. White
of California is being grOOmed as dark
horse. He is the only candidate mem
toned thus far who would be acceptable
to both factions of The warning DemOc-
racy, and in case the friction becomes
too great he Will be put forward as the
standard be arer.
1t is row definitely understood that
the gold men will bolt the convention,
but they will fight desperately to the
last hour and the last moment before
they retire from the field.
The California delegation arrived this
morning in and with good spirits. Con-
gresham Mcguire tells the readers of
"The CALI in another column what h Q
thinks of the situation. Tomorrow Col
oneI John P. Irish will be here, and will
take off his shirt in the cause of
gold. JOHN PAUL COSGRAVE.