The sun., 1896-09-20
GERMANY AND ENGLAND.
IRREcONCILAB CONFLICT OF IN
TEREST BETWEEN TINE TWu,

Great BritaIn - Indications Of n Com
mon Europeau Combination Against Her.
The Antagonism between Germany and Eng
land in tho East Is deep-roOted and OF long date
for, as against England. there was as fur hack
aslS32 all unwritten alliance between Russia
snd Prussia which then represented the DER
many Of to.day. Tho first active nRnfestation
of IL was at the time the English Government
tried to move the Turkish Government to grant
& concession to an English company for tho
construction OF n railway from the ooast of
SYRIA, down tho valley of the Euphratea to the
Persian Gulf. The Russian Government, as
was natural, brought all Its influence
TO bear against tho English PROPOSE
,lon: and the Prussan Foreign oflco
threw itself tie samo side. The way
in which England had acquired possession of
her Indian dominion by commercial and other
apparently harmless concessions was pointed
out, and the Sultan was urgently ccunsellod
never TO give his consent to any proposition for
tho building OF trunk limo through Asia Minor
from tho Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf
the termini OF which would be under the guns
OF English war ships. On more than one oo-
casion OF recent years attempts have been made
to obtain the Sultan's consent to various propo-
sitions having this limo ultimately In view,
but fortified by the support of Germany
and Russia, and latterly of France, he
has always refused. Tho opposition to
allowing England any foothold on tho
A.istic territory of Turkey has boon carried 30
far that the short limo from Hadao Pasha, op-
posite Constantinople, to Ismidt, wns. In 1880,
forclu.y taken possession of by the Turks out OF
the hands of the English company that built
and was operating II, and handed over to the
German company that had the concession for
building the prolongation from 1smidt to An
CORA in the interior of Anatolia. Tho impunity
permitted the Turks this occasion by the
English Government embodened them to make
other and serious encroachments on tho priv
tleges Of the English companies owning and
operating the railways running into the interior
from Smyrna.
The German opposition to England came most
actively into play after England had planted
herself in Egypt. At the close of tho Berlin
Congress in 1878. where many things were
ranged that were not written down. Lord
Salisbury and Mr.. Waddington walked out to-
Eether. Lord Salisbury, with the generosity that
distinguishes people who are giving something
away that does not belong to them. remarked
to the French plenipotentinry. And now you
may go into Tuns as soon you like" 1t was
an open secret in the diplomatic world that the
Italians had always looked on Tunis rs their
reverston in the division of tho heritage Of tho
Sick Man; but England had no inten-
tion OF having Malta and her right Of way
through the Mediterranean hanked north
and south by Italian naval stations Besides
the French going to Tunis secured safety for
England in the perpetuation and increasing OF
the jealousy between France and Italy, already
strong enough. And then England had other
views for Italy that were put into execution
later on, when she allowed herself to be made q
catspaw for England by going to Massowah and
embarking in the disastrous invasion of Abys-
sinia that has almost Annihilated her prestige
aad compromised seriously her military position
In Europe For Germany, however. IL was
primarily necessary TO create an irreparablo
breach between England and the Sultan, and in
no way could that better be effected than by
getting England Into Egypt; to say nothing
Of the trouble cure to spring out Of
It between England and France. IL was not
difficult to start the intrgues that brought about
the intervention In Egypt The continual en-
eroachments OF the European control on the
Independence OF Egypt gave the Sultan and tho
Porte the opportunity the former, o. suzerain
Of Egypt, had long wanted, to interfere In
Egyptian Affairs, and regain some Of his Lost In
huenee. He hoped that by fomen;ing the discon-
tentot all classes Of the people of Egypt he would
bring about call from Europe to send Turkish
troops for the purpose OF restoring order. There
sno DOUBT that he was encouraged In this by
Germany; but there was somebody else besiies
himself Oh the track who was determined and
ready 10 act. while he was not.
Early In 1882 1t became evident that affairs
10 Egypt were hurryng TO crisis which bore
many signs OF being forced. Everything was
being done on the part of the European con-
troliers to bring things to n head and the Sui
ostensibly as as the CommissIoner of tGe Porte, e
the other ordered 10 report directly TO the Sui
bassador at Constant nople, being in possession
OF the key OF the Turkish Government cipher
mas going on. The messages. however. passing
between the Sultan and his private envoy were
EfcE nE English Af Embassy had sa'ass mot the
Key. The usual methods were brought
while the Instructions from the Porte TO It's en-
S %fre hs all they m Should be those ESnG direct
Sash Arab. Pasha TO open revolt in order TO
Egypt Lord Duiferin lost no time in demand
,a ,ng al. audience Of the sultan. which was the
Tnrk TGTgnS point Of The Egyptian crisis SO for as the
a. The palace shortly before midday and invited
nes she sniSan Hn6 to recall his epyoy from Cairo st
tern. ,firmiHed, than himself, and not less ten9-
s6iss st,s; 10 n%.ysg ,6s sSita1 i6ss ! Ss VA
Ia" Mediterranean squadron 70 come on at
GMss gnrs. to Gons.antnop!e. and, il necessary to
presence. lie was on the point OF entering his
Snn.g SSrT,!age a. the palace gate when one Of the
Ihs coat an. requested him to return, as the
sultan wished TO see him again. Resistance
hau broken down under the threat. and tho
ieegr%m recalling the envoy was sent., But
n ho,a DNtern's triumph WAS. IL tarnsa out,
ohly oneoi form, though that not known
!or some time after. The Sultan was not
a. 10 De baked so easily. The very next
w, ne sent request to the Charge
.Ana!res Of the German Embassy. asking
70 ~ allowed TO communicate with Cairo
inro9sh the embassy and tho German Consul
iato-General In Egypt by means OF the German
sIpher. The charge d'affaires was unwilling to
mke 40 great responsibility on himself and
promised 10 refer the matter TO Berlin. In n few
aNys ays no received Prince Bismarck's Instructions
70 ocontorn TO the wishes OF the Sultan: and
amGn then up to the bonn bardmsnt Of Alexan-
utla The sultan was carrying on his futile In
trlgues through the channel of the German rep
foEtsntatiyes Ia Constnntinople and Egypt.
from that lime TO tho present German inhu-
shce and action has always been adverse to
Nngii,h policy In the southeast OF Europe. When
Mf; Gladstone's Government came into power
- 1850, on the defeat OF the Beaconshe I'D Sails
fy ou,y cabinet, 1t sought to bring about the com
rIete execution OF all the provisions of the Ber-
IN ~. treaty, but Its efforts were nentralized or
opposed BY the nacton or action OF Germany.
nj Ilnl lpIf nnIv