Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1896-04-08

by It's Stamp, to the Purity and Weight
of coin-It Should Not Attempt 20
sIake Money From Nothing.
One Of the recent publications Of the
sound Currency Committee Of 52 Will
liam street, New York, is entitled a
Currency Primer 1t discusses the
fundamental principles underlying mon
ey in plain language. We quote the fol-
lowing:
The whole matter Of money, meas
nre Of value, means Of exchange, cir
tulating medium, is ono Of necessity,
convenience, adaptation to the end. 1t is
question Of the fitness and effective
ness of the material substance Of which
The instrument is made.
Manifestly that fitness, the conven-
ience and effectiveness Of the thing, must
be determined by the Judgment Of those
who use the instrument, those who do
the business, the labor and exchange Of
the world
Law should attempt to follow that
judgment and not attempt TO form it,
force it or control it. Experience has
determined several points as TO fitness,
convenience and efficiency. Silver is
found too precious, too concentrated, to
be conveniently used to represent very
small values. Something more bulky
that is, of less value by Weights need
ed. Hence for smallest values copper
coins, for slightly larger nickel or some
equivalent, and for still larger silver
But silver is too bulky-that is, of
too little value by weight-to represent
very large values. Hence gold is used
for these But even gold is too heavy
and bulky 10 be used by actual count or
by actual weighing, and passing from
hand to hand at every turn in large
transactions especially between dealers
at distance.
Hence come into use bank notes, and
far more largely still checks and bills
Of exchange. BY means Of these a given
quantity Of money Will rapidly, though
only in legal sense, pass from hand to
hand, from owner to owner, by mere
entries OH books OF account, no money
being actually counted nor even seen
by the banker who keeps it locked up in
bis vaults. Checks and bills Of exchange
are simply additional facilities. con-
veniences, multiplying the rapidity Of
circulation-more rapidly changing
ownership. But tho money they repre-
sent must be behind them.
We now see the reason why govern
ment cannot make anything money
which it chooses to call money, nor
make it money. current with tho NOR
chant" nor current with tho laborer,
by simply calling it a legal tender.
Government can no moro do this than il
can say what your days wages shall be
or what shall be the price of bushel Of
wheat Any government assuming TO
do these things would soon be reformed,
or if need be reyolutionized by force.
Having seen the function Of money,
and the materials of which it should DO
composed, and seeing that government
cannot mako money Of iron or leather or
pasteboard, simply because intelligent,
free people Of great commercial inter-
osls and activities will not use these
substances as money, the question arises,
What is the function Of government in
regard to money? Here again the answer
is, simply to increase the convenience
and effectiveness Of the substances or
materials which the people have already
found most convenient and effective as
standards Of value. Increase it how?
The old time method Of use was to
weigh the metal That is slow and
cumbrous, aud inexact, unless part at
least Of the amount be divided into very
small pieces-in case Of gold, too small
for either safety or convenience. Hence
the art of coinage, each piece OF copper,
silver or gold being composed Of given
weight. But if coinage he left 10 indi-
yiduals fraud Will creep in. Alloys,
mixtures, debasement would be prac-
ticed. Hence the convenience, the effect
iveness, the fitness Of metal coined into
money arc immensely increased by conf
denco in its purity and IN the fullness Of
its weight Therefore the only duty and
provinca of government in regard 70
coin is by its stamp, to certify that
given piece Of metal is Of It given weight
and Of q given 1neness or purity. There
the interference OF government shoulu
stop. unless to declare what is legal ten
der, and in what sums, as to each metal
1t is now doubted by some whether
government. should 60 further and make
anything o legal tender f0r debts, and
whether it would not be better 10 leave
every man TO make his contract to be
paid in the money q his choice If this
were done, and the mints Of tho whole
world we.o thrown open for free and
unlimited coinage Of all metals now
used as money, the owners Of the coin
would soon find which would circulate
and which would not. But l pass no
opinion whether government should de-
fine or establish legal tenders.