The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-12-23

action. 1t says:
Congress. at its last session, after
long and patient consideration, adopt
ed with practical unanimity the view
expressed by your committee that the
time had come for resuming interven-
tion with Spain for the recognition of
the independence of Cuba. Spain hav-
ing declined to listen to any represen-
tation founded on an understanding
between herself and the Insurgents.
and congress. having pledged itself TO
friendly Intervention. the only ques-
tion that remains to be decided is the
nature of the next step to be taken.
with proper regard to the customs ana
usages of nations.
Before deciding this qestion. your
committee has preferred to examine
with some care all the instances which
have occurred during this century oi
insurgent peoples claiming indcpeEG-
ence by right of revolt. The inquiry
has necessarily led somewhat far eS-
pecially because the right of revolt or
insurrection, if instruction can he
properly called a right seems in "v-
cry instance except one to have car
ried with it corresponding interVen-
ton.
For convenience we have regarded
both inSurrection and intervention as
recognized rights and have attempted
to ascertain the limits within which
these rights have been exercised. and
their force admitted by general consent
of nations.
"The long duration of the French
revolutionary wars which disturbed the
entire world for five anC twent" years,
and left it in a state of great contu-
sion. fixed the beginning of our modern
International systems at the year 1915
in the treaties of Vienna, of Paris, and
of the Holy Alliance. The settlement
Of local disturbances under the inilu-
ence of the powers parties to these
treaties proceeded without serious dis
agreement until 1921. when the Greeks
rose in inSurrection against the sultan.
The modern DrecedentS of European
insurrection and intervention where
independence was the issue involved
began with Greece.
THE GRECIAN PRECEDENT.
The revoltion broke out in Greece
Mt the end of March, 1921. Within Il
month the rebe.s got possession of all
the open country. and all the towns eX-
rept so far as they We're held by TURK
ish garrsons. The sultan Immediately
called all Mussulmans to arms; the
Greek patriarch was hung at the door
of his own chrch at Constantinople:
several hundred merchants were mas
sacred: several hundred churches We're
destroyed, and the Russian ambassa
dor insulted.
at TroDDau, in November. 1890, the
three powers of Russia, Austria and
Prussia united in signing a protocol
expressly intended to assert the right
of intervention in all cases where Il
European oower should suffer, in its
internal regime, an alteration brought
about by revolt, and the results of
which are menacing for other states
The language of this protocol had
much to do with the subsequent course
of events: Faithful to the principles
they have proclaimed and the respect
due to the authority of every legitimate
government as well as to every act
which emanateS from its free Will the
allied powers will engage to refuse their
recognition to changes consummated
by illegal methods. When states where
such changes shall have been effectu-
ated shall cause other countries to fear
by their proximity. an imminent dan
ger, and when the allied powers can
exercise in regard to them an etlicacious
and benelicent action, they will employ.
in order to restore them to the bosom of
the alliance. at first friendly processes;
in the second place. cOercive force,
II the exercise of that force becomes in
dispensable."
80 this ,r,d,,ani 10 rnt,o,., ,rncaods.
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law was stated in conversation be-
tween the ambassador and the Turkish
minister. The Turk took the ground
that everything had been done by
Turkey If she had satisfied her treaty
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SANNiN" . We w of bELLipEh-
ENC1.
"This was the situation when Lord
Castlereagh died and George Canning
became prime minister of England. He
began nv recognizins Greek belliger-
encv The Greeks issued q nroclama
tion declaring n strict blockade of the
ports of Patras and Lepanto. and there
i,pon the Touian high commissioner. on
the nth of November. 1924. recognized
this comm,u,ica tion from persons ex
ercisine the functions of government in
Greece, and ordered all ships and boats
of whatever dissertation hearing the
I0nian flag TO respect the same in the
most strict and exact manner
"This seems to have been the step
leading TO Canning's somewhat famous
de(inition of the nature of belligerencv
In 1S25 the Turkish government, we are
fold. compIained that the British troy-
ornmcnt allowed to the Greeks a he'll
liperent character. and observed that it
n n1neor red to forget that to subjects in
rebellion no national character could