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Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1896-01-09

The Ottawa government has COM
muted the sentence OF death passed on
Shorts, the Valleyfield murderer, to
Imprisonment for life.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1896-01-09
peath Of an Auea CO...

4 Wife Jan. 7.-James Newman
d residsn.o 'h aged about G5 years.
neigbhorsus OF Lilydale. were found
Walton Yesterday dead from as
xed bitnna leaky stove filed with
4 done tnn nnous and anthracite coal
work. Lilydale is a little
thin tho IN the Omaha road Just
oorder of Dakota county.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1896-01-09

gstops y Of Northern Pacific land
|'e been rsiInnesota and Wisconsin
I Interior erected by the Secretary Of
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1896-01-09

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secretary OIL
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Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1896-01-09
CONGR|
r. Senate ana
sentative.


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Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1896-01-09

send
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The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-02-24

Trentment of CORN smut.
]. c. Arthur Botanist, in Indiana Expert
ment Station Bulletin.

]. c. Arthur, Botanist, in Indiana Expert
ment Station Bulletin.
It has been found out at the Indiana ex-
pertinent station that the smut does not
attack the plant through the Seed but,
like wheat rust, 1t starts in the leaves and
stems, wherever the spores are carried by
the wind and find Judgment and sufficient
moisture to enable them to terminate. The
spores will grow as soon as ripe, that is,
as soon as the mass containing them turns
black, and they VIII also retain their vi
tally for a year or two in case conditions
for growth are not favorable.
1t is evident from this that neither the
time of planting nor the previous condition
or treatment of the seed will have any
effect upon the amount Of smut in the
crop, and experiments already carried out
substantiate this deduction. 1t is equally
evident that meteorological conditions
will have decided influence. But the far
mer cannot control the weather
Two things can be done to decrease
smut in corn. The growing crop can be
sprayed with suitable fungicide and the
entrance of the smut into the plant pre-
vented That this can be made effec-
tive is shown by experiments at the In
diana station. But IL is an expensive and
troublesome method. The other, more
convenient but less thorough method, is
to gather and destroy the smut, and thus
eventually rid the fields of ii.
The best time to gather the smut is just
before the ears silk when the fields should
be gone through and every sign of smut
removed, being careful not to scatter II
upon the ground, or in any way let the
spores. get free. The gatherings must be
burned or deeply buried to certainly de-
stroy the smut. One or more later gath
erings should also be made. This may be
called clean culture, and IL persisted in
for few years would reduce the annual
production OF smut to an tnconspicuous
and harmless amount.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-02-24
man PrncticnI sugrestiona.

once had the president of a college TO
say to me Che owned a FARM, 81 would be
delighted to have every reader of this agri-
cultural paper to give ten facts in connec-
ton with farm interest mo theories).
Don't you see what a fund of information
would be CLEANED by the general reader
if they would only do sou says w. s.
Embry in Southern Farm.
think this a good suggestion, and will
now give ten, and in subsequent letters
will continue the practice, and hope that
many others will do the same. 1. Corn
early planted, nine times IN ten outyieIds
later planted. 2. Buttermilk or dish water
sprinkled on peas protect them against
hares. g. Rubbing young trees with a
piece Of liver or blood prevents them from
being barked by hares 4. A Irvine string
or strips of cotton cloth stretched around
a melon patch about three feet from the
ground will keep off crows, 5. That in fat
tening hogs in November and December
with fair stock l get for each bushel of
husked corn (seventy-five pounds In cob
ten pounds of gross pork, or at cents per
pound, get 40 cents per bushel for corn
6. / know of no stock that pays as good
dividends on investment as sheep, when
a farm is suited to them and they get
proper attention. z. To keep hams
and shoulders free from skippers
Smoke well till first OF March,
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-02-24
A word of Advice.

A Southern contemporary says, and
justly:
Just one word to our readers who are
cotton planters. Do not increase the area
you intend to plant in cotton. The crop
just picked now being marketed, estimated
at 100000 bales, is as large a crop as the
markets of the world call for, and for
which fair paying price can be got. The
area upon which this crop was grown was
sufficiently large to have made an $500, 900
bale crop had the season been a favorable
one. Reasoning from this it would be wise
to reduce the area to be planted this year,
rather than to increase it. Take some
of the land which you contemplated plant
ing in cotton and put 1t in peas. These
will make feed for hogs and cattle, and
at the same time improve the land, so that
in the fall it can be sown in oats and grass
and clover with a reasonable prospect of
making a crop of oats and a stand of
grass. If any of the land intended to
have been planted in cotton is in sufficient
ly good condition to make a stand of clio
yer and grass without first growing
crop of peas, sow clover and grass seeds at
once, either alone or with oats, but pre-
ferably alone, and thus improve the farm
permanently. The absence of grass on
land in the south is the reason why thou
sands of northern and western people re-
fuse to buy and settle here. We have
had to meet this objection scores of times
and to explain that 1t is not because clo-
yer and grass will not grow here, but be-
cause our southern people have not yet
come to full realization of the value of
grass and clover as improvers of land di-
rectly. and of their still greater value as
a means of enabling live stock to be kept
and marketable products be produced. We
believe that as the area of grass land in
creaseS in the south, so will it become i'm
demand by settlers from other sections
and our population be increased.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-02-24
The scrap Book.

Warming Water for Cows.-It probably
does not pay TO warm water for any other
stock than COWS. 1t is not necessary for
store or fattening animals to drink a
great deal in cold weather. But If the
milk flow Is to be kept up and the diges-
ton is to be kept good, the COW must have
plenty of water, and I'm cold weather It
should be warmed to very near the heat
OF the animals body. This Is especially
important for the COW approaching time
for parturltion. At this period the system
is naturally somewhat feverish, and the
animal should be encouraged to drink as
much as possible.
Grape Vines Bear Early.-Next to the
strawberry, the man who Is entirely des-
titute of fruit should plant the grape vine
II he would wish delicious fruit of his
own growing at the earliest possible time.
We have ripened one or two punches OF
grapes eighteen months after a thrifty
vine was set. The year after that II can
be made to grow four TO FIVE pounds Of
fruit though II is better to thin this out
to half that amount. There is no trouble
in getting the grape vine to fruitng.
Every bud left after pruning will make a
shoot, and this will set two, three or four
punches. The chief difficulty Is to prune
closely enough to prevent more fruit from
setting than the vine can bring to ma
turity.
Cotton Seed Meal Dangerous Food
The Kansas experiment station has re-
Gently made very thorough test of feed
ing cotton seed meal to swine, both pigs
and aged animals, resulting fatally in
every case (although the animals for a
time made the most remarkable gains for
food consumed ever shown by any
test. pigs dying quickest. Some of the
aged ones were fed on the meal for fifty
days before succumbing Hogs that were
turned in to follow cattle which were fed
on the cotton seed meal died in six to
seven weeks. This test confirms the con-
clusion Of the Texas, Iowa and North
Carolina experiments. viz: Cotton seed
meal fed to swine is quite liable to result
in their death. Post-mortem examinations
were made in each case, and the doctor
pronounced death was caused by conges-
ton and Inflammation OF the intestines,
lungs and heart.
Why Well-Fed Stock Eat Straw.--It Is
usually a surprise to those who feed high
ly concentrated and especially nitrogehous
foods, to find how great q liking stock
have for grain straw. The reason Is OBJ
vious. The grain is concentrated food.
and, excepting corn has more of the nitro
genous and less of the carbonaceous nutri-
ton than II should have. This Is one OF
the advantages which those who grow
wheat or rye for sale have. They can
purchase linseed oil meal, and with this
feed considerable portion of their wheat
straw. Where hay and cornstalks are fed.
some straw Will be eaten by animals as
a change. but II has itself too little nutri-
ton to be fed largely with anything but
grain or Oil meal.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-02-24
Beef Raising in the south.

We have been much gratified during the
past two or three months by the numer-
Gus inquiries addressed to us from vari-
Gus sections of the south as to raising and
feeding beef in the southern states, and
as to the breeds of cattle best fitted for
the purpose, says the Southern Planter.
From these we draw the inference THAI
southern farmers and planters are real
lZIng the truth of what we have been say
ing Tor the past two years that the
west now that the ranges are being SO
curtailed, in beef production, and that
they are preparing to go into the business
with energy: A few days ago we had an
other such inquiry. This time from Mis-
Sissippi. The writer says he can give
his cattle a splendid Bermuda grass pas
ture for eight months in the wear and
through the winter cane pasture and he
thinks these, with the addition of grain
to finish off, should enable him to make
as fine beef as anywhere in the world. We
entirely agree with him. What would not
the owners of western and northwestern
ranges give, could they have such eli
mate as would permit their grazing their
stock all the year round. And when to
this advantage is added the fact that we
can produce corn as cheap and as good
as anywhere else and cotton seed meal
right on the farm or plantation, or with
in very short distance from it, there is
not, there cannot be, any reason why we
should not produce the best of beef al
the lowest cost Again. we are nearer
the great markets of the world than the
We have transportation facilities by wa
ter and rail enabling US to put our stock
into every great market in the north and
cast and abroad at less cost than any 9TH
er section of the country. Surely all that
is needed to make the business a success
is the proper kind of stock and good man
agement. In. our opinion the stock needed
is high grade short horns-every one in
tending to go into the business should buy
pure bred short horn bulls and the best
grade of cows and heifers he can get. In
nearly every section it would pay to es-
tablish herd of pure bred short horn cat
tie to meet the requirements of the situa-
ton. The great markets of the world want
large animals and not to exceed two or
three years old at the outside. Short horns
satisfy these requirements better in the
south than any other herd. Their wonder
full ability to mature at an early age is I'M
surpassed by any other herd They can
make, and are making from 1900 to 1900
pounds of beef at two years of age They
can do this on the grass, grain and cotton
seed meal of the south at less cost than
elsewhere because so little of the feed con-
sumed is required to maintain the animal
heat. This nature supplies in our mild
climate and the food consumed more large
ly goes to make growth and meat Short
horn breeders should make their herds
known in the south. There is going to be
a demand for them.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-02-24
Nux Vomicn for Hawks.

Agricultural Editor of the Morning
News: Please inform me whether nuX
vomica fed to chickens will not hurt Them
hut will kill the hawk eating them, and if
so at what age, for how long, and in
what quantity should it be fed, and how
long after being fed on it before they will
be fit for the table? X
1t is very common for farmers or their
wives to feed poultry with nux vomica for
the purpose of killing off the hawks. A
tablespoonful of the powdered nux womb
On is mixed with quart or so of meal, and
fed to the young chickens every other
dav-that much to fifty or sixty chickens.
A hawk that catches a young chicken
while the latter has some of the poison in
lis craw is sure to be killed as the re-
suit. Ii does no harm TO the chicken, but
these should not be used as food for two
or three weeks after being fed the poison.
We have never tried it ourselves, but we
have ample testimony to its favorable ac-
ton. You can get the nuX Vomica from
anv drug store. We admit, however, that
we are opposed to the use of poison for
any purpose, even to destroy rats or an
eCg-sucking dog. So many accidents hap
pen from its use, one should be very care
9rt1 of
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-02-24

tor together and you have an implement
which will enable you TO get your potatoes
dropped a uniform distance apart, and al
so to have them in straight line instead
of the old-style zig-Zag course, thereby
losing many hills when turning them out.
The use of the dotter entails no extra
work, as the cultivator must run behind
the guano sower TO mix same with soil
before dropping seed. We close culti-
vator to about ten inches, and use it with
the smallest teeth For getting cabbage
to place for packing, We use, instead Of
"toting' them to, ,end4,pf rows, an axle
enough to admit of covering, with cart
two rows at a time, with horse walking
between. With three to four cutters,
throwing them into cart as cut we can
cutting 100 barrels, which we usually do
in half day, including packing and
covering for shipment. For the distribu-
ton of fertilizers, we have tried all the
machines offered for sale, ! believe, and
found none that would do the work as
well as the hand.
For setting out nearly all small plants
we use, instead of the little hoe and
trowel, a sharpened stick or peg, finding
that 1t does better work. bringing the
pressure upon the soil directly over the
fibrous roots, and perfectly closing the
hole at bottom, which is so essential to
the success of transplantlng. For apply
ing the Paris green mixture with Dlaster)
to potatoes, we find that none of the
machines do as well for US as a small piece
of burlap, about two feet square, with
mixture dumped on, and the four corn
ers drawn together and shaken over the
tops. For the gathering of all such crops
as peas potatoes, beans and cucumbers,
we use baskets holding one-fifth of a bar
rel, and have them brought to the place
of packing and dumped before our eyes.
age, which, as we pay by the basket is
matter of some Importance.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-02-24

then rub flesh side with the following
mixture. then hang up in dark smoke
house; one pound black pepper ground.
quart OF molasses and pint OF -four (for 300
pounds meaD. Mix thoroughly and apply
with a little paddle, then, with string in
large end, suspended in paper sack
which tie tightly above and hang up in
house till wanted. s. In cultivating sweet
potatoes / have the best results when |
plant and make the season-using half
pint of water to the hill (hs applies to
a loamy SOLD. 3. Cabbages, tomatoes and
other plants do better when planted in
fairly moist hills, than they do If II Is
wet enough to be sticky" 10. In Sec
lions where tobacco is grown, the cheap
est and best manure for Irish potatoes I
have ever used is tobacco stalks. l use
them as follows: Break the ground and
harrow well In March. or earlier. II /
can; lay on rows three feet apart, with
two-horse pillow drop pieces of potato 1.-TWO
eyes EACH eight inches apart; drop from
wagon about two tobacco stalks over each
piece, then with single pillow throw on two
burrows. When they are just peeping up.
run smoothing harrow over the ridges ana
repeat next week; then three plowings
with double shovel makes a crop of fine
potatoes.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-02-24
Feeling Hons.

Fowls that are provided with proper
food. in proper quantity, properly water
ed. and a proper place provided for roost-
ing. and a clean place to range over, are
not likely to be troubled with disease.
But overlooking, impure water and an
uncleamly rOosting place will soon cause
an epidemic amongst the finest flock of
fowls. Where "a is the case that fowls
cannot find much of their food in the
range It is advisable to feed them three
times daily. give them just one-half OF
what they could eat. For laying hens keep
a supply of corn parched on the ear, and
allot one ear 0arge earl to about twelve
hens Feed little wheat and oats in ad-
dition. Provide their water in iron ves-
sells
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-02-24

The principle of rotation Of crops is GER
tainly founded on both science and prac-
tlce, The farmer has found time and
again that very few crops there are that
Will yield well when sown upon the same
piece Of ground for many consecutive sea-
sons, and the reason is very evident. one
crop is especially exhaustive of one ele-
ment OF plant food. another of another.
and so on. Furthermore. some plants root
deeply others in a shallow way Hence
the farmer can feed upon the lower lay
ers OF the soil and acquire nutriment that
would be entirely out OF the reach OF the
latter. Then some crops of the nature Of
leBume5, such as clover. peas and beans,
have happy faculty of storing ND nitro
gen in the soil, leaving it richer than Il
was when they found II. So these le-
gumes should by all means form part of
very scientific rotation. Indeed II is by
wise rotation that the farmer feeds hia
various crops just the same as II he
applied manure directly. Fertilizers are
costly affairs, and all fertility must be
carefully conserved. What a pity IL Is
that farmers on the rich virgin soil of
vital principle of rotation. They will ul-
timately be forced to recognize It. for no
soil, however good, can stand endless
cropping with a single kind of crop.
There is surely time coming under such
improYident management when this rich
soil Will become as badly exhausted as
the older soils of the east. But why wait
the soil now by rotation and manuring?
IT will be found much easier to MAIN
tain good soil than to restore 1t after Inn
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-02-24
Irish POtatoes-MOst Productive Va
riety-YieId Per Acre.

I read with much interest your remarks
on Irish potatoes in last weeks issue of
the News.
l wish to ask what is a good average
yield of potatoes per acre, and which is
the most productive kind? Can profit
able crop be made on virgin soil pineland.
L. NJ. c. .
Take the country over the average yield
is less than seventy bushels, but we pre-
sumo there are few truckers who would
be satisfied with less than $50 bushels,
though on land at all adapted to potatoes
It is not a difficult matter to make 300
bushels. At the north and west 5OO TO 6OO
bushels is quite common. With good pre-
paration and cultivation and using from
SIS to $50 worth of good fertilizer, you
should make 200 bushels or more.
1t is hard to name the most productive
kind. Experiments are not agreed. In our
own experience we have found the Ele-
plant, Beauty of Hebron, St Patrick and
Goodrich very heavy yielders.
Among early kinds the Early ONO mas
generally given good satisfaction; AT tne
Georgia experiment station, where AO
varieties were tested last year, the three
most productive varieties We're found to
be Early Pride, Early Washington and
Early Puritan; all of which produced at
the rate of 300 bushels per acre.
With proper preparation, using the
roller freely and using also 500 to l,OOO
pounds of some complete fertilizer or a
highly soluble character, there is no rea-
son why new land should not yield very
profitable crops of potatoes On such land
slble, and the cultivation should be very
shallow