The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-03-09
(Conclusion.)

small-pipe sewers, about two-fifth,
being about eight inches in diameter
These sewers were in use without
flush tanks from April and May, 1885,
to June, 1885,"
am not aware that any estimate
has been made of the daily amount OF
sewage proper turned cut by the pop
ulatiOn of Honolulu.
The most satisfactory method oil
forming an estimate on this point
would be to consider the amount OF
water consumed for strictly domestic
purposes. The Honolulu Water Works
furnish daily eupply of about 3,OOO,-
600 gallons. OF this far the larger
portion is used for irrigation, street
sprinkling and other uses not strictly
domestic.
If we assume 1000, 600 gallons as the
amount used in our Iavatories, water
closets, kitchens, restaurants, markets,
ETC., for other domestic and household
purposes, this will fairly represent, for
our present purpose, the amount that
should be turned into our sewers when
we have them.
One gallon of pure water weighs
nine pounds. Let us assume ten
pounds as the weight of one gallon of
sewage proper. That will give a
weight of 100000 pounds for the
sewage of Honolulu.
Now 100 pounds of coal will suffice
to pump 100000 pounds of sewage
one foot.
Mr.. AIlardt estimates the height to
which the sewage of Honolulu must
be pumped to gain the proper outfall
into the ocean at six feet.
It theoretically follows from this
that the power gained from the con-
sumption of about sixty six pounds of
coal per day would suffice TO give the
necessary lift to our sewage.
Coal may be had in Honolulu for
about 81 80 per ton of 1000 pounds.
According to this calculation a little
over one ton of coal per month would
suffice, theoretically, to give the
power needed to lift the sewage of
Honolulu to the required height.
If, out of respect to possible errors
and factors of allowance due to the
difference between practice and theory
we double this amount, the cost would
still be within reasonable limits.
There are two principles applicable
to the treatment or handling of sew
age which cannot be too strongly en-
phasized and insisted upon, and any
system which fails to meet these con-
ditions should be condemned as un
satisfactory.
First" Organic wastes must be dis
charged at the sewer outlet in their
fresh condition before putrefactiOn has
set in.
Second-''After delivery at the out
let, they must be reduced to state of
com pIete oxidation as soon as posi- BILE
without the intervention of dangerous
or offensive decom position" e. E.
Warning, Modern Methods of Sewage
Disposal, page II, 1894
Let no one think this is Utopian
and unreasonable standard by which
to test the working of a sew er system.
To accomplish this result is perfectly
feasible, and that is not asking too
much to demand that this be done.
Judged by this standard, / grant
YOU that the combined system would
not pass muster But properly con
structed separate system, with its
small pipe sewers and automatic flush
tanks, has accomplished this task for
other cities, and can accomplish 1t in
Honolulu.
Some of you will remember that in
the year 1890, Mr.. @. f. Allardt
studied the question of the sewerage
of Honolulu and embodied his ideas
and the result of his Investigation in
report to Mr.. L.. A. Thurston, then
the Minister of the Interior. That re-
port forms a valuable paper and 1
commend it to the study OF any one
who wishes to look into the subject.
One OF the chief engineering diff
culties to be overcome by any system
of sewerage in Honolulu arises from
the flatness of the land in the lower
levels of this town, and along the
shore, making it d1fhcult TO secure an
outfall without pumping.
To MANY minds the mention of a
pumping plant as part OF system OF
Sewerage is a bugbear that seems
almost to take away their breath. But
this may be done at q moderate eX-
pense.
I quote from Mr.. @. E. Waring
CWaring, Sewerage and Land Drain
age, o. 81 p: ''There is one point con-
nected with the drainage OF towns
which is not sufficiently appreciated,
especiaIIy tn this country, and that is
that it is easy and cheap to secure
deep outlet in low land, and TO denver
sewage at a considerable elevation Tor
agricultural treatment by artlhclal
pumping.
tThe average cost of pumping for
waterworks is about nine cents per
foot of elevation for each million gar
Ions raised.
son this basis the cost OF raising the
sewage of q town OF 1O,OOO lnnaoI
tants, supposing every three persons OF
the population to contribute 100 gal
Ions per day to the flow, would De
about three cents per day for each
foot of elevation"
"Both of these estimates are prac-
tically somewhat too low, because
small amount of water cannot be hit
ed. relatively, so cheapIy as large
amount. I give this figures says he,
only to show that, with community
of any considerable size, it is merely
a matter of minor consequence wheth-
er the outlet is high or low"
Not being an engineer 90 noC pro-