New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-07-27

markets OF the world He will assert that the
growth of manufactures and the development OF
the export trade have occurred In spite OF pro-
lection and not in consequence Of IT, and that
there would have been greater progress In both
respects IL Free Trade had been substituted for
high tariff. As propositions Of this kind are
incapable Of proof and OF merely academic In.
terest, 1t is hardly necessary to discuss them
seriously. What is Of practical Importance is
the fact that great enlargement of foreign
trade has not been prevented by the protective
system. and that IL followed nine years Of indus
trial stagnation under free trade. The recent
experience Of Germany proves that industries
can be successfully developed under protection.
and that England can be exposed under that
system to tremendous competition In foreign
trade.
STUDYING FOREIGN MARKETS
One secret Of Germany's success undoubtedly
is mercantile energy and intelligence During
the last twenty years the sons Of merchants and
manufacturers have been sent 10 England. Rus
STA. America, Australia. South Africa and Span
ish America for temporary residence, and they
have returned with a thorough knowledge of the
requirements of foreign trade and the condl-
lions under which business can be done. This
expert knowledge has been Of the greatest value
in enabling German merchants to compete with
English rivals. They have studied remote mar
kets thoroughly ard adapted themselves 10 the
conditions Of foreign trade. To mercantile in
telligence has been added enterprise. German
commercial travellers, taught at home the IAN
guages Of the countries in which they were TO
solicit trade. have invaded all the great markets
of the world German wholesale houses have
been established in the chief foreign ports. and
large stocks have been orried and kept con-
stantly on exhibition Whatever methods their
English rivals have adopted for the enlargement
of their trade have been initiated deliberately by
the Germans. and in many instances improved
upon There has been no lack Of adaptability
in dealing with foreigners. The Germans have
heen wiling to change their patterns and styles,
N cheapen their manufactures TO extend the
1oneaet nossible credits and to pack and ship
goods precisely as foreign purchasers desired.
They are the best merchants and traders 10 he
found in Europe and TO their energy and INTEL
lgence may be attributed much OF Germany
success as Engands chief competitor
There has been moreover, large measure OF
cooperation among manufacturers III i'trouuo-
,ne their goods abroad. Every trade is organ
tied and concert ID measures are adopted ior
carving manufactures of the same class INTO
foreign countries. These export assoclatiohs
have systematized the whole business OF unoer-
selling English merchandise The manufacturers
A. ~, work INDEPENDENTLY Of one another. but in
harmony, and with common UNDERSTANDINGS
ca whom their wares are taken into a new mar
ket there is an exporters organization Dehlhd
them. with carefully selected mercantile agents
and with fund of expert knowledge at its com
u1and The Germans instinct is to systematic
a,arvthine in his business and daily occupation.
With nainstaking care he has studied all details
of foreign trade and organized the export busi-
ness with methodcal intelligence.
! No better example Of German thoroughness
can be presented than the chemical INDUSTRY IN
its various branches Of crude drugs medicines
lieht and heavy chemicals. anilines ana dyes
and essential oils Elberfeld. Cologne FRANK
fort and Leipzig ere centres of this industry but
+,ara are few manufacturing towns in which
! chemical products not treated In huge fac-
tories 1t is one Of the most important national
| Industries and has been carried to point or
perfection in the manufacturing process that en-
ables Germany surpass English rivals Tech
nical education has been of ines;imable value in
promoting the development OF this Industry. The
Germans are the best chemists Of modern times,
and they have applied themselves with charac-
terstic thoroughness to the solution of the thou
sands Of problems involved in this class Of man
ufactures Their industry is unrivalled In Europe
in the efficiency and economy OF the processes
Everything Is done IN the most scienthc way.
Science implies cheapness. II England mas al
ready lost its supremacy in the chemical trades
It is because there is in Germany superior teen
meal knowledge which enables manufacturers
10 obtain the best results with minimum OF
waste and maximum of economy German
chemicals are rapidly displacing English manu-
features in Russia, Continental Europe and other
foreign markets. It is branch Of manufacture
in which Germany seems destined to defy compe-
ttion
HOW MANUFACTURES ARE MANAGED.
The manufacturing interests Of Germany are
conducted in the main by families whose fort
unes are invested in TIE business and VINO are
content with receiving a moderate return from
II. There are comparatively few stock compa-
MES with a largely inflated capital and watered
stock on which dividends are TO be PAID. the
capitalists whose money is invested IN manufact-
urine enterprises are satisfied il they can depend
upon receiving small profit from their business
Great returns are not expected and the manage
ment Of the capital is economical ana careful
Corporations are not so greedy as in other manu-
featuring countries. Manufacturers make less
display Of their wealth, live more quietly and are
content with smaller profits and less speculative
methods of business
All these elements enter into the proD-em Oh
Industrial progress and commercial expansion.
Protection does not operate alone in producing
the general effect Of industrial prosperity; but II
is a factor which cannot be eliminated without
affecting all the conditions Of the main problem.
The future Of Industrial Germany was not Sc
cure until the Protective system was adopted
the home market reserved for domestic indus
tries employment diversified for the masses, and
base of operations secured for the invasion and
conquest Of foreign markets. Germany IAN
gushed under Free Trade during the eight years
which followed the establishment Of the Empire
II was not until the fiscal system was changed