The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1896-08-13

Cue0V IuOuty 6etS cApcNicuCC tCNShSS uS
that wages are the last and slowest to rise.
Mr.. DENLY. our minister In China. makes
the following statement In his report:
In China and Japan.
'"To Japan 1t was left to discover that
cheap labor and cheap silver formed q COM
binatiOn overwhelmingly favorable to man.
ufacturing success" To this he could have
truthfully added that cheap silver Is always
the depressing and burdensOme handmade
of cheap labor. On,y that Kind of labor is
content to subsist on such currency.
l will quote what United States Consul
General Jernigan Of China, In his report
j Of April 10, 1905. states on this subject.
These are his words:
IAN intelligent understanding of the In
flucntial agency of the price of labor IN
regulating the profits of manufacturing en-
terprise may be had from this illustration:
In 1873 the mills Of the Orient
and Occident were competing on equal
terms and receiving equal returns. Now.
In 1894, each mill employs the same amount
of labor as 1t did In 1873, but the owner
Of the mill in the United States pays for
the labor in gold at the old rates. while
the owner Of the mill in Japan pays for the
labor In silver at the old rates also. The
Japanese mill owner paid In 1894, as he did
in 1873, from IS to 20 cents day for
men, and from to 10 cents day for
women. That meant. In 1873, from Is to 20
cents In gold q day for men and from 8
to 10 cents In gold day for women. Now,
during the greater part OF 1871, 81 In golu
has been about equal to 81 OF japanese
silver, which makes 1t clear that, on ac-
count of the low rate Of standard wages
which prevail in the Orient. the mill
owners Of the United States are now paying
twice as much for labor as the mill owners
of Japan" The effect of what the advo-
Gates of free silver ask us to do upon the
laboring man is to scale down his wages
after this Japanese style.
The chief and controlling factors in the
fall of prices have been modern Ingenuity,
modern skill and modern invention. The
manufacturing world and the world OF
labor have, within the last half of the
nineteenth century. been In the vortex and
whirlwind of q great social and economic
revolution. We are no longer in the world
of the fifties. In those days In place OF
this size 5000 people, there would have
been at least dozen boot and shoemakers,
all busy making boots and shoes. Now
there are only two, and they have nothing
to do but a little cobbling. Our boots and
shoes are made In the big factories "down
East" where single factory will turn out
in one day all that our people need for
whole year, and at nearly half the price
of the olden time. And in those days we
should have had here dozen wagon and
carriage makers, making our wagons and
our buggies, while now we have only two.
who merely do little repairing. and our
wagons and buggies are. made by the whole
sale in large factories, with ingenious and
complicated machinery, at rate so cheap,
especially as to buggies and carriages,
as to make the price of the old handmade
article seem almost like robbery. In the
olden time few farmers had or could afford
to have buggy. Now he who Is not
possessed of one Is regarded as the poorest
and most thriftless man In the neighbor-
hood. Our plows are no longer made by
.sAI~ 1~,,A fnc
tories. and he repairs them with factory
made shares, factory made handles and
factory made iandsides; and he shoes our
horses with factory made shoes, and fac
tory made nails. And why does he do this?
He will tell you: because it is so much
cheaper" If some free silver patriot stood
by and were to tell him that 1t Is the
appreciation of gold that has done all this,
he would rub his eyes with establishment
and be nonpulsed.
In 1867, the first year we made steel rails
in this country, they were selling at $166
per ton in our paper currency. BY means
of new inventions, improved machinery and
new methods, we have, without sacrificing
labor or reducing wages, so
Reduced the Cost of Manufacturing
that steel rails were selling for $50 ton
In 1892 and $24.33 ton in 1895. In like
manner cut nails have been reduced in
price from 500 cents per pound In 1867 to
1.47 cents In 1895. The same thing has taken
place with wire nails which were first
made in 1887. They were then worth 3.15
cents per pound, in 1895 only 169 cents. If
we turn to textile fabrics, we shall find
the same remarkable changes. Through
new methods, new machinery, and new in
ventions, and with increase rather than re-
duction in wages, we have reduced the
cost of these fabrics so that standard sheet
ings, which were worth 1913 cents per
yard in 1860 were reduced to 5.74 in 1885;
standard drilling from 500 to $50; bleached
shirtings from 1880 to 0.S5; and standard
prints from $50 to 5.25. The increase in
wages since 1860 in these Industries have
more than equaled the decrease In the
price of cotton. OF course, all the prices
We have quoted are wholesale prices.
If we turn from the field Of manufactures
to that Of agriculture, we are confronted
with wonderful changes and innovations.
In 1852 No. 2 spring wheat f1uctuated in
Chicago between 81 and So cents per bushel
The farmer then plowed his land with a
poorer and dearer pillow than to-day. He
sowed by hand, harvested with the cradle,
bound by hand, and threshed with q slow
going horse power machine. To-day he
plows with the cheapest and best pillow on
the face Of the earth, seeds with a seeder
or drill harvests with q self-binder, and
threshes with a steam cyclone thresher,
which cuts and feeds the bands, measures
and sacks the grain, and stacks the straw,
and Is operated by man who furnishes
the hands and their board, so that all the
farmer has to do is to haul his grain to
the granary, while his wife escapes all the
drudgery and turmoil of the old time
threshing.
Low as the wages were In 1852, 1t still
cost the farmer of that day, IL he had
to hire his help, much more than now to
seed. harvest and thresh his grain; low as
the prices of 1896 are, yet, considering the
cost of production, 1t Is more profitable
to raise wheat even now than In 1852 and
then there was free coinage, while there is
none now. But while all these new and
improved machines, implemen ts and meth
DDS have greatly reduced the cost Of farm
Ing, they have, at the same time, been the
chief cause of our greatly increased and
sometimes excessive production. In other
words, that while improved and new ma
chimes, and improved and new methods
have reduced the cost of production, they
have, at the same time, greatly increased
the volume Of production. In 1870 our total
production of wheat was 235, SS4,7O0 BUSH
els; In 1906. 467, 102, 947 bushels, an In
crease Of nearly 100 per cent, and the In
crease In the rest of the world has been
equally as great We have q surplus of
wheat for export every year varying from
20 to 40 per cent of our entire crop. Our
chief market Is Western Europe, especially
England. The total import demand Of the
world is a little over 40O.0OO,000 bushels
per year, and Of this the United States
supplies about one-third. The following
table prepared by Mr. Nassau, Of the d.