davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
Pure Breeds of Geese.

Only the common geese have tn.
males and females different in plum
age. All the pure breeds have the
sexes colored the same. The Toulouse
is the largest, and the China the best
layers. The Embden is the best for
feathers, being pure white in color. A
cross Of the Toulouse gander and Emb-
den goose makes the best for market.
The gander may be known by being
thicker around the neck, and more mas
culine in appearance. Though geese
derive much Of their subsistence when
allowed to have access to a pond, yet
they may be pastured, or may be kept
in confinement and fed on grass, tur-
nips (chopped), potatoes and grain.
The goose lays from twenty to forty
eggs, and the gander@ keeps a faithful
watch over her at times when she is
on the nest. When sitting, it is best
to disturb her as little as possible She
makes a good mother, and usually
raises all her young ones-Poultry
Keeper. Il
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20

this possible very easily. In crowded
times the tWentyfour-fOot crib is also
used. The SoWs are kept there until
the pigs are a week old, when they are
transferred to an open-air shed and
large yard. Several can bunk together
when the pigs get large enough to take
care of themselves.
Our pigs are born in late March or
early April, and all as near the same
time as possible. With pigs all the
same size and age there will be few
runts. We use ground corn and milk
shorts for feed and give about all they
will eat. We never give a hog more
than he will eat clean. When grass
comes, about May /, the whole outfit
is large enough to go on to grass, and,
with lots of feed, they thrive We usu-
ally have $50 to 200 pigs each spring.
OF course, few would get killed, and
at weaving time the runts are sold,
so that the bunch is left at about .125
to $50 Of one-size pigs. With plenty of
grass and feed, they were kept grunt-
ing and growing all the time. They
We're fed all they could eat In mid
winter the best soWs we~e bred to a
high-grade mate, and the barrows and
culled sows put in the feed pen about
FEB. 1. This feed pen was small, with
selffeeder, automatic water-supply
and large shed. About May 1 this
batch is sold, and as soon as the pigs
are weaned from the brood sows, they
are fed with the self-feeders, and Sept.
are turned upon the market. We
never sell half-fat hogs; they have got
to be fat or we would feed them for
year. Don't try to get two pounds Of
pork out of one pound of corn, or
don't try to top the market with
scrubs. Don't buy cheap breeding
boars: Get the big-boned, long, we'll
bred fellows.-James Pearson, Seward
County, Nebraska, in Farm and Home.
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
Both should go together for best re-

t+ i IN K
In days when oxen did the work on
the farm, Mr.. Jones bought a very fine
pair Of cattle of Mr.. Taylor who took
prime care of his stock. Mr.. j. gave
them a shiftless farmers irregular
hours, feed, care and use, and was
sorely disappointed. He felt that he
had been badly cheated. The blame
was at his own door, but he could not
see it looking through his own glasses.
Mr.. Taylor would often buy Of a
neighbor an ordinary yoke of oxen
and in a few weeks the seller would
hardly know them under their inn
proved condition. Likewise he pur-
chased horses, that surprised the seller
in a short time by the fine appearance
If he had only known they were so
nice he never would have parted with
them. q,
There are more possibilities in or
dlnary stock than most people are
aware Of if they are only managed
under the best conditions. Give the
same chances that the blooded stock
man gives and you will be surprised
at the Improvement. When you buy
fine bred animals you are destined to
disappointment unless you provide for
them the good conditions they have
been used to. %
Improved breeds with judicious care
may prove a source of profit. Neglect
is very sure to end in loss.-L. T..
Fairchild in Farm, Field and Fire
side.
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
Stock Notes.

Sheep will not bring disease upon
the farm where they are grown.
A horse will be apt to become vicious
if kept alone in a dark stable.
Get rid of all the culls at any price.
Horses are too cheap to have them on
the farm.
Care should be taken to have the
ewes strong and healthy at breeding
time.
It costs no more to produce good
mutton than poor, and it will sell a
good deal better.
K Change in treatment and conditions
sometimes make pure bred sows less
prolific than com1oon or grade ones.
Since the introduction of the incubat-
or the all-lay and no-sit hen is the one
to bank on.
Don't forget some meat scraps for
the chicks at this season, to supply the
place Of worms and insects of summer.
Clean, the eggs that go into the in
cubator; in the dirt on them may be
the nits of lice that will be trouble.
some later on.
The famous old war horse ridden by
John Morgan in his raid North in 1862.
lately died at the supposed age OF
thirty-six years.
A little speed is now insisted upon
in light horses for whatever purpose.
Action alone does not meet the de-
mand.
The Percheron is likely to continue
IN the front rank as a draught horse.
He IS available to do your work or to
sell.
Rye fed to pigs must bs gyound, and
IT IS better not to feed it dry, as it is
sticky and chokes them. Make slop
and feed 2 good ration.
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
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: 80 ys'=l
!. AW 85Ol !:
f., e
% % : . oeeee esssS5@s-
PIGGERY AND GRANARY

Il s. , 4
"A Convenient Combination Easily
Constructed.
We have kept swine for many years,
but have never owned pigpen. We
have a corn crib ten feet wide by for
ty-eight feet long. By the side of it is
combined granary and crib, twelve
by forty-eight feet. 1t is all boarded
tight with Shiplap. The corn crib is
Of siX-inch boards with both edges bev-
eled. The boards are nailed on so they
are rain-proof, and there is plenty Of
ventilation. A floor of double-thick-
ness sheeting is put over the entire
building, as well as over the ten-foot
space between the two buildings. A
shingled roof covers the entire build
ing. Two large roller doors on either
side afford a driveway. The outside
posts are about ten feet high, and with
fair pitch, makes very convenient
machine shed in the upstairs of the
driveway, A set of blocks with ropes
transport machinery up and down,
while the wagons stand on the floor
below Ea
The hogs are fed on the main drive
floor no matter if two or three wagons
are there. The floor is ten by forty
eight, and with the granary and crib
on either side, convenience is sure. In
the winter we usually shell the corn
out of the small crib or granary part,
and give that space for hogs to sleep
in. Plenty Of straw is used. In spring
the brood sows are placed in separate
pens Of four by eight and half feet
in the driveway. Special panels make
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
An Artificial Larynx

4 ~ gr $40 & IN f &c.
A patient in a Melbourne hospitaE
having been provided with an artificial:
larynx, many papers dealt with the.
subject as if it was an entirely mover
invention. More than twenty years
ago an apparatus Of this sort was de-
Evised, and although many modifca-
tions have been introduced the princi-.
pie followed is the same In all opera
tions for the removal of the larynx the.
s first step is to make an opening into
the rachea, below the disease, and to,
insert tube through which breathing
can be carried on, and which, by accu-
rately plugging the air tube, prevents:
blood and other matter gaining access
to the lungs. A three-way opening is
thus left, one reaching down the ira
chea, another out into the air in front
of the neck, and one into the throat
cavity AS in an ordinary case of ira
cheotomy, respiration takes place
through the tube, and by closing the
orlfice Of the latter air can be expelled
through the mouth. In tracheotomy.
when this is done, the air is driven
over the vocal cords and sound is pro-
duced, but Where the vocal cords have
become destroyed, or even, as in some
cases, the whole larynx has been re
moved no such effect is obtained. If,
however, the upper opening in the 1
tube be continued upward, in the form
Of a branch passing through the
mouth, ~ it is possible to place a vibrat-
ing reed, like that Of a harmonium. G
within this section in such manner
as to cause a sound when air is made
to blow over it. This is the artificial
larynx
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
Vacuum Tube Lighting.

a great advance in. vacuum tube
lighting is shown in the latest issue
of the Electric Engineer.
i .. McFarlan Moore, a young inyen-
tor who has been working along the
lines similar TO those pursued by
Nicola Tesla, has succeeded in taking
a photograph Of himself in his lab
oratory in Newark, N. j., by means Of
"etheric' light, as he terms 1t.
The essential parts Of Mr.. Moore's
system are a tube, from which the air
IS partially exhausted, small tube
containing a make-and- break appara-
8tus. from which all the air possible is
exhausted; an electro ma gnet to set
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
this latter appara tus in motion, and 3

this latter apparatus in motion, and %
galYanlc battery or dynamo
The make-and-break apparatus con-.
sists of q straight piece of watch
spring, at the end of which is small
disk Of soft iron. Touching this from
above is q small pin of iron wire I'm
derneath the small tube which con-
talns this apparatus is placed the cleo.
tro magnet. When the current is turn
ed on the influence of the magnet
draws down the piece Of watch spring
from the pin with which it has been.
up to this time, in contact, completing
the electric circuit. This breaks the
circuit, stopping the current in the
electromagnetic. Thereupon, the spring
5f11es back and completes the circuit
again. This process is repeated as
often as the perfection of the machine
will allow it to be DONE The objects
OF having the make-and- break current
In this instance in tube from which
all the air possible has been exhausted
is, first, to make the disruption Of the
current as sudden and complete as pos
slble, as air, though relatively bad
conductor, is a much better one than a
vacuum; and, second, in order to allow
the spring to play as freely as possible
without the physical resistance of air.
From this current wires are con-
nected with long tubes, in which the
air is rarefied to the degree most fa-
vorable for the exhibition of the va
cuum light, as it is called. These wires
do not penetrate the tubes, but are at!
tached to a coating of metallic PAIN.
at each end. When the current is
turned on, these tubes glow with a
soft light, resembling a superlatively
bright stream Of aurora borealis light,
more than anything else. Indeed, some,
of the best authorities on electricity
believe that the aurora seen in nature
has it's origin in a similar vibra ton Of
electrical currents through the rarefied
upper air.
Although the possibility of producing
this light has been known for some,
years past, chiefly through the discov-
cries of Mr.. Tesla, Mr. Moore has been
the first person to get enough of it to,
produce a photograph by it's means It
is this manifest increase of the in.
tensity of the vacuum tube light that
makes Mr.. MoOGe's practical expert
ment with it so important as a dis
tinct step forward in electric lighting
Mr.. Tesla, Mr. Moore and others.
have pictured to themselves rooms in,
which the only visible lighting appar-
atus Should be long vacuum tubes.
either concealed behind the fretwork
of the cornices, or suspended on the
walls, parallel to the ceiling and open
to view. 49, tF
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
TO Protect Bank Cashier.

With bullet-proof cars for protection
of mail and mail clerks, and bullet
proof offices for bank cashiers it would
seem that the business of the country
might be transacted with modicum
of safety. Napoleon B. Rees of Lin
coin, Kan, having the safety of cash.
ier and funds at heart, has patented
(Nov. II, 1885, a bulletproof protector
for bank officers, which can be instant
aneously dropped in front of the
change window by a slight kick OF
the foot which unlatches the contriv-
ance. 1t is feared that if the inventor
keeps on the wary bandit will yet
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
The Latest Unicycle.

tionary position, which is necessary,
because it has fastened to it the riders
seat. Around it revolves the outer
wheel, with which it has three points
OF contact, three grooyed wheels that
form a runway.
The power is obtained by the simple
action of a spring attached to the
treadles, and it is promised that great
speed will be made when the wheel is
properly used. Lightness and simple
lty OF construction seem to be it's best
points. The rider, being suspended be-
low the machines center of gravity,
maintains level seat.
Experts who have seen this new de-
vice are not inclined to regard it as
practical. 1t may, however, catch the
fancy of that element in the cycling
world which is looking for something
unique and novel,
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
A Penalty of intellectually,

Prof. r. M. Bache suggests that the
higher intellectually Of the white civ.
ilized races has been gained at the ex.
pense Of quickness in the action in the
action of the senses. 1t has been fire.
quently observed that the American
Indians are more alert to sensuous i'm.
pressions than white men, and that
negro children are quicker in their
movements than white children. Prof
Wilmer showed, by actual experiment,
that the ear Of an American Indian re-
spends to a sound in 100000 of a sec
ond, that Of a negro in 13O-1OOO and
that Of a white man in 147-1O0O Of a
second --...-. .
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
PhOtographing Projectiles.

Prof. c.. Mach, in Prague, has sue,
ceeded In photographing a projectile
at the moment Of its discharge. The
shell, weighing eleven pounds, was
thrown from a Krupp cannon OF
breech-loading pattern, and had a muz
zle velocity Of 1926 feet a second The
apparatus used is the invention of a
Vienna man named Toepler, with i'm
provements by Prof. Mach.
Technically, the mode of photography
employed is known as ''momentary
photography" but Prof. Mach proves.
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
Dairy Notes.

| How about warming the water for
the cows this winter? It twill pay.
The tobacco pipe should never be al
lowed about the barn or milk pail.
A good cow will give a better return
for extra care than poor one.
The age of a COW has much to do
with her value as a milker.
The utilization of all the side is
sues of the dairy will help the bust
ness wonderfully
We have had corn and grass for
king in this country, but the COW is
queen.
Whoever goes into the dairy bust
ness should provide for using all the
by-products. Waste nothing.
Cows that are hard to milk or have
small, hard teats should always be
MIXED with wet teats.
Sweet cream, just skinned from the
milk, does not churn as rapidly as older
cream that has been properly ripened.
The cows udder should always be
washed or sponged off before milking,
so that no impurities can enter the
milk.
!AASduChC SCllI1uSsOL Iuo StOdlu Will
obviate the difficulty SO often expert
enced in having the butter full of
white specks.
Much better butter can be made
when the temperature OF the milk
and milk house can be regulated and
kept cool.
Soft feed, such as bran, slops and
oats ground and mixed with water,
will help considerably to increase the
flow of milk.
The dairy COW, if she is a good one
and her heaviest flow of milk comes
at the right season, is a valuable ami
NAL on the farm.
Irregular feeding retards the natural
action of the digestive and assimilatiye
organs, and irregularity in milking
causes considerable. suffering with the
animals
The milk from a fresh COW should
not be mingled with that Of the others
too soon. The milk from a fresh COW
should not be used until it is perfectly
free from ropiness.
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
Boring a Curved Hole

BOr1ng Curved Hole
which. in turn, is driven by an air or
electric motor.
: AS little pressure is required to
force the drill against the coal, the
worm for moving the section and it's
appurtenances is probably sufficient,
although it would be plainly made
quate for pressing the drill into metal
Air under pressure is conveyed into
the tube and it's connection, and is
discharged by a series of small aper-
lures close to the drill, and keeps the
hole clear Of dust.
The presence of compressed air in
the tube suggests that it might be pos
slble to have rotary air motor close
to the drill i.
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
Latest Thing In Cycles.

Over in London they have a new
cycle-Whether to give it the prefix Of
uni or bi has not yet been determined.
1t is somewhat more than one cyele
and less than two, and is altogether
different from any of the models yet
produced by the resistless genius of
the inventors of wheeling novelties.
Instead Of being on the wheel the
rider is inside it. There is practically
"a wheel within Wheel" ...t. +
The inner wheel maintains a sta
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
!! 81
tlgREE}|ZZE !aa|'|a|I2|| asIa!&@|a2|
BORING A CURVED HOLE.

Novel Augur Which May Prove Of
Value in Mines.
]: a recent machine shop novelty is a
drill to make curved hole. 1t is
principally Inc designed for mining pur-
poses. According to the American Ma
::chtinist, chin the drill is upon the end of a
curved oll '7'acl tube, and is driven by a fexi-
Die shaft which runs through the tube
and is brought around outside to the
little shaft driven by the pulley, Il,
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
Breed and Feed.

"Blood will tell" Not much, "Mary
Ann" unless supplemented by good
care and feed. A scrub with care and
feed will eclipse a high-bred animal
poorly fed and cared for. We have
many times known what the farmer
considered only an ordinary COW, with
his treatment, bought by villager and
with. his good care and feed shell out
milk and butter literally. On the 9TH
er hand, we have known farmers to
purchase a COW with high village
reputation that proved scarcely worth
the keeping with the treatment he
gave his cows. There is much in
breed. There is much in feed and care.
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
Take Care of the Churn,

H.
The care, of the churn is always i'm
portant and too often neglected. Pre-
pare the churn by first scalding with
hot water, then by rinsing with cold
water. 1t makes but little difference
what kind of ch'lrn is used, only
that it has no paddles, floats or shafts
inside. There should be nothing i'll
side churn at the time of starring
but cream. With the cream property
tempered, and not to exceed the prop
er. amount in the churn, churning NAV
begin. If revolving, churn is used
for instance, a barrel-churn, one revolv-
ing endwise, the revolutions must not
be too rapid, say from sixty to sixty
live a minute; for very thick cream,
less speed will answer. The motion
giving greatest concussion is the cor
rect one. This can be determined by
the ear of the operator ,and varied ac-
cording to the condition of the cream.
1t is now conceded by experts in dairy
matters that from twenty to forty
minutessis about the the time required
IN churning, to, produce most satisfact-
ory results in quantity and quality.
The operation of churning should go
no further than to bring and leave the
butter in granular form In most bar
rel churns that revolve endwise a
small, round pane of, glass is inserted
III the cover. Before separation be-
gins the cream will adhere to and COW
er the glass. When the churning is
well advanced it will begin to part SO
as to show some. Of the glass clean.
and when entirely clear stop. Draw
OH the butterm1lk, and with a dipper
pour pail of cold water over the but
ter, letting it run through it and out Of
the churn. This hardens the granules
OF butter and prevents their massing
together. Next, cover the butter with
cold water, and move the churn back
and forth a few times, draw off the
water and repeat until the water runs
from the churn clear.-Denver Field
and Farm .
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20

Sit fS far % 81 RI * = /, !,
"a adont tha } ~
majority of casas hnyaH -. ,,n+,,; y -
the kind IL aTa,. 4+n,,, 49,, 4,,a -
dairy farm 8.
of what m syht - ha ,,;o $50 I aa,, :, s
cern-the inlivi,,,,a1i Us 10 "a "a 1,;,;+;as nf
each COW ha - nmns - - IL 70 mba+ ~ ~ =
pects from ber +,,a -, ,,t;1;tr nf
butter tests M ,,,ili,;n .l ~ =
how yery variad s a. i.ie, iaid;n1af ~ anoM
i COWS, hoth n MIL, and hr,4ta,. ,n "a "a
how much lba++a,. e aar+a :, anu ~
for buttar.,na ,,;na thal @ a+hanru;s,a - ,o3 = :
indiana Eor,,a,. 'i'e.n o'iiei -. "ise
,78z - -. !. sl.
You Can't E..I c,.a.. ~, ,,,,v
,,baro -,
: iia = oeen leeuliis' experiments y
cStilleu '''l$' on at different experiment sta
tons that had they not been planned
and conducted in good faith. and with
an honest in+an+ - J, - :, ! o,,,7
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
Variety IN Feeding

AS winter advances, try and furnish
as great a variety of food for your
stock as you possibly can. There is
variety to be found in pasture fields in
summer, as rule, but in winter, when
it is needed most, the variety has to be
provided by the farmer. This variety
may be helped some now, but the best
time to have provided it is when crops
were growing last season.
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20
}
PRIVATE DIARIES.
What a Progressive Farmer Has to
Say About Them

What Progressive Farmer Has to
Say About Them
Private dairies make the best butter; !;
they are also here to. stay, but they
must be properly conducted. The first
essential is good farm upon which to
raise grains, cloyers and plenty of pas
sture grasses. Pure water is necessary
for the cows and for cooling the milk.
Warm stables, silos, good machinery
and machinery houses must all be had
II much profit is expected. Good cows
are the most important factors. at
tach more Importance to individuals
than to breed or pedigree. Get the
dairy type, the good individuals Of
that type. In 1890 bought good cows
for $15 to $30-cows which have since
produced 400 pounds Of butter per
year. In summer my principal food is
grass, supplemented with bran and
cob meal. In winter, corn silage, 80 to
50 pounds per day, supplemented with
four to six quarts of bran and plenty
Of straw. Tread power is used, as it is
cheaper than steam. I have not prac-
tlced soiling. My pasture consists Of
partly wild and partly tame grasses;
two to two and half acres are re-
quired for each COW. All butter is
sold at home to a private trade, at a
uniform price of 25 cents the year
round. pack it in 25-pound jars and
deliver 1t to my customers. Ny but
termaker. is woman from Scotland.
She is most capable and gives entire
satisfaction. Cream is churned at 56
to to degrees. My mixers are men.
For silage use ordinary field corn,
planted somewhat thicker than when
grown for grain. 1t is not trodden
down when put in the silo This fall
part OF the corn was badly frosted, but
1t came out in splendid condition and
makes frst-class feed.-F. D. Pierce,
Wisconsin, in Orange Judd Farmer.
The Princeton union., 1896-02-20

shown in Fig. 2. Both cutters were
homemade. Care must be taken not
to pound the knives, a, a, on stones or
nails. Do not cut the roots too small.
as the juice is easily lost.-C. G. Eiffe,
Canyon county, Idaho.