davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
Doing Your Own Repairing.

By small expenditure we can read
lily provide for making many of our own
repairs. Every farm should have a
pretty full supply of mechanical tools,
and if there is blacksmith's outfit,
during the winter months the most of
the repairs needed upon implements
and machinery can be made. They may
not be as neatly done as if a profession
al did them, but they can be made to
answer, and there is plenty of time in
winter to do them. Then when spring
comes we shall be ready for the season S
work. 1t is by small savings that large
aggregates are created. Under present
conditions it is necessary that the
farmer should save his dimes and his
quarters. Everybody is doing it; and
every farmer, if he had the tools, could
save in repairs a good many dollars
Farmers Voice
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
THE FARMING WORLD.
SAVING THE MANURE.

inherent Methods of Performing This
Important Work.
There is as great difference in the
zcav two men will save manure on
farm as in the way they will care 1or
their stock or raise their crops. One
farmer will recognize the value OF the
manure and will add straw and all
sorts of refuse, working them In and IN
cooperating them together so as to make
au excellent article. Such method
was Systematically carried out on
farm where the writer visited this sum-
qner. Nothing was wasted either inside
the house or out. Whatever was not of
value for pigs or chickens was set aside
for the compost heap. 1t did not matter
how trifling the amount, it always
found its way there during the course
of the day. AS result the owner is
steadily bringing up a rundown farm at
the yearly expenditure of very small
sum for commercial fertilizers, while
his next-door neighbor, with originally
better land, larger means and a more
extended experience, is rapidly becom-
ing bankrupt.
The change in their circumstances is
being brought about by their different
methods of handling the manure ques-
ton. The old farmer is going on in the
old rut he got into 20 years ago, when
his land was virgin and the prices of
farm products high. Labor was high
too, then and he economical by NOV
ing his animals about, feeding here and
there in odd corners in the woods or
along the road, wherever it happened
10
save the trouble of cleaning up after
wards, for he regarded the manure as
simply q waste product.
These habits cling to him still to a far
greater extent than he is aware Of
He thinks that he saves his manure, or
at least sail that is worth the bother"
but fully one-half of it is still lost and
the remainder is thrown out, to be
leached by every passing storm, while
an insufficiency of bedding causes the
almost total loss of the liquid manure.
Though this farmer keeps double the
amount of stock that his careful neigh
Dor does, he has always fewer loads of
manure to haul. He says he cannot
understand it, and gets very indignant
at the suggestion that he, a farmer
horn and bred, can learn any thing from
AN engraver, whom failing health and
sight have driven to an outdoor life.
Vet the beginner is already doing bet
ter than the old farmer. He says his
only strong point is his manure heap,
but it struck me that he is succeeding
because that same care is bestowed ON
SYery part of the farm. He finds moth
ing too much trouble, and consequently
there are no leaks to run away with the
profits.-C. D. Bell, in n. Y. World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
LIVE STOCK NOTES.

Grade up your stock, for both home
and foreign markets require better
quality of meat than ever before.
A eve should not be required to
move about much for a few hours after
lambing. If her teats are closed against
the efforts of the lamb, squeeze them
out with the wetted fingers.
A eve which disowns her lamb OF
one which is required to adopt another
should be confined alone with it in a
dark place, and out of hearing of other
sheep, and she should be held several
times a day for it to suck.
In order to secure the many desira-
BILE good qualities which go to make
UP a first-class flock of sheep, great
care is taken in the selection of a buck
with reference to the particular flock
of ewes with which he is to be put.
Before sheep are changed from hay
to grass in the spring they should be
carefully looked over, and all horns and
hoofs that threaten to be troublesome
carefully removed. The hoofs can be
taken off with pruning shears, but a
fine saw is needed for horns.
There is real economy in feeding
straw and corn fodder. There is no
question but that stock can be wintered
as well upon these as upon high priced
hay. When these are fed with bran,
having higher albuminoid ratio, they
enable an animal to digest and assimi-
late better than when corn is fed with
them.-Far1ner's Voice.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
FARM AND GARDEN.
DESTROYING WEEDS.

Description Of the COckIebur ana How to
Fight Its Advances.
The cocklebur is a rapidlygrowing,
coarse weed with an irregularly branch
ing stem that grows to height of from
one to two feet. The leaves, which are
borne on long leaf stalks, are broadly
triangular in general outline and more
or less toothed and lobed on the Dor
ders. There are two kinds of flowers
horne on separate heads or clusters on
the same plant. The male or staminate
flowers are produced in roundish heads
at the top of the stem. After shedding
their pollen these drop off, and the
female or pistillate flowers, which are
in clusters of two or three at the base
Of the male spike, enlarge and form
thick, hard, oblong burs beset with stiff
hooked prickles, and bearing two strong
beaks at the upper end. These burs,
like those of the burdock; adhere to
clothing and the coat of animals. The
upper portion of plant of cocklebur is
shown in Fig. at the top of the stem
the heads of male or staminate flowers
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
A WORD OF WARNING.
Why Care Should BE Exercised In the
Purchase of Hay.

Why Care Should BE Exercised In the
Purchase of Hay.
The London Live Stock Journal
offers a word of warning that may de-
serve attention in this country as we'll
as abroad:
More care is commonly taken by horse
owners as to the quality of the oats
than of the hay they purchase. Yet
there is a greater difference between
good and inferior hay than between
the best and, say, third or fourth-class
oats. Hay varies greatly, not only III
the quality of the heritage of which it
is composed, but in the conditions I'M
der which it has been harvested, and
in how it has cured in the stack. Horses
rarely suffer from eating bad oats, while
much disease in the stable is attribute
BILE to the quality of the hay they con-
sumo. 1t has been estimated that
about so per cent. of the cases
of collie which occur in large
stables are due to the hay with which
the horses are provided. Owners of
large studs frequently experience an
outbreak of collie among their animals
with the purchase and consumption of
fresh consignment of hay. Hay poor
in quality and badly stacked is most
expensive fodder, from the disease it fire.
quently engenders, as well as from it's
low consuming value. Great care should
be exercised in the purchase of foreign
haV
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
over-Feeding Is Dangerous.

Overlooking of fattening hogs IS
a fruitful source of disease and waste.
Many think it makes no difference
if hogs do leave a lot of feed at one
meal, that they will return and eat
it up when hungry, so that there is
nothing wasted. If hogs are overfed
it knocks them off their regular feed
for a time, and this is always loss;
besides, it renders the inception of
disease much easier, especially the
humps and apopleNy. 1t is best to
feed regularly, at stated times, and
when fattening, all that they will cat
up clean. They will keep better and
thrive better than is possible by keep
ing feed before them all the time. 1t
is what the animals digest and assin-
late and not what amount they eat
that determines the gain in proportion
tc the amount of food eaten.-C olman' s
Rural World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22

house allows about ten square feet to
each fowl, which experience has shown
is little enough if the best results are
aimed at, unless the climate is such
that the poultry can run out of doors
nearly the whole year round. In this
case a hundred, or even more, could
well be accommodated. Let the side
with windows front toward the south
east, and have, if desired, small win
dow in each end, to catch the early
morning sun and the late afternoon sun
Of winter Orange Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
Pumpkins as a stoek Food.

Most all kinds OF live stock do well
on pumpkins mixed with their daily
ration, and relish them as well. We
are inclined to think that the feeding
value of pumpkins is generally under
estimated. When fed to cows they
stimulate a large milk flow, and with
light grain ration the quality of
butter is very fine. Pork is always
better when some pumpkins are fed
along with the grain. The pumpkin
crop is very cheap one when grown
III corn, and several tons Of this food
could be produced annually in corn
fields that grow nothing but corn per
farmer.--Crabtree's Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
Horse Meat as Hen Food.

Hundreds of barrels of cooked horse
meat are sold every winter to poultry
raisers. The horse flesh is cooked in
tight tanks under a steam pressure of
As pounds. This penetrates every par
ticle of the meat, purifying and cooking
it thoroughly. In this form the meat
will keep from one to four weeks, ac-
cording to the weather. There is no
practical way of preserving horse meat
for any length of time. Where it can
not be cooked by steam it should be
boiled. The meat might be sailed the
same as beef, but it would have to be
frcshened before being used, and it is
Il question whether it would then be a
safe feed for hens. 1t is good food for
egg production. One of the most popu-
lar brands of poultry meat on the mar
ket is made from carefully prepared
and well cooked Observation-Disclosures
AgriculturiSt,
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
Home-Made Pork sausages.

The sausages that come on the farm
er's table ought always to be home
made. Those which are purchased in
the butcher shops are almost always
made of meat that is nearly ready to
decay, and the high seasoning they get
with spices is for the purpose of con-
cealing their Embellishments A
weli-made sausage is not at all unwhole-
some, though it is usually harder to
digest than meat not so highly spiced.
The homemade sausage ought to have
not more than one-fourth of its meat
fat Most boughten sausages contain
more fat than this, the sausage being
used to get rid of fat meat that would
not be otherwise salable.-Rural World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
ANATOMY o. a Bee
The Most Wonderfully Constructed of All
UaeRuI InRecta.

Useful Insects.
A bee is divided into three sections
head, thorax and abdomen. It has FIVE
eyes-three in the form of triangle
in the center of the forehead, and one
on each side of the head. These, looked at
under microscope, are very beautiful.
The antennae are the two flexible
black horns on the head; with these
bees recognize each other, and in them
are supposed to be located the ex-
tremely sensitive organs of smelling
and hearing. They are to the bee very
much what the brain is to man. a
bee deprived of her antennae loses
her power of movement.
In the head and thorax of the worker
bee are the nursing glands, which Sc
crete a milky food fed to the larvae.
These glands are very large in the
young worker while they act as nurses,
but reduced in the old bees of a brood
less colony. In the old bees they wither
more and more till they become shrunlr-
en- and seemingly withered up. The
queen, when egg-laying, is also fed from
these glands. When honey is coming
freely, and the queen is we'll fed, she
Ae@S q NSA pOW0T u
ducing eggs, laying over 5000 per day,
or more than three times her own
weight.
In bees, as in all insects, the skeleton
that supports the body is not internal
as in animals, but mostly external, and
is formed of horny substance called
chitine, which is flexible and is capable
of being nodded into every conceivable
shape and appearance. It forms the
hard back of the repulsive coclkroach.
the beautiful scale-like feathers Of
the gaudy butterfly, the delicate mem
brane which supports the lace-wing in
midair, and the black and yellow wings
of our native and imported bees, be-
sides internal braces, tendons and ducts
innumerable.
The internal skeleton, hard for the
most part, and varied in thickness in
beautiful adaptation to the strain to
which it may be exposed, gives con-
sistency of form to the little wearer;
but it needs, wherever movement is
necessary, to have delicate extension
joining the edges of the unyieIdinq
plates. Here the thick coat is reduced
TO a thin, easily-creased membrane
where by fexion one part is made To
press over the other.-Cable.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
TIE cRoPs oF 1885.
Estimate of Area, Product and Value b,
States and Territories.

States and Territories
The estimates by states and terri
tories of area, product and value of the
principal crops of the United States
for 1895, made by the statistician of the
department of agriculture, are given
as follows:
Corn-Area, s2.o75.s3o acres; prod
uct, 2,151, 139, 900 bushels; value, $685.
sos, 600; yield per acre, 26.2 bushels;
farm price per bushel, 26.4 cents.
Winter wheat-Area, %, COS, 1922 acres;
product, 261. 242. GOO bushels; yield per
acre, 11.55 bushels.
Spring wheat-Area, II, ABS, O1O acres;
product, 2o2, 1851 900 bushels; yield per
acre, 10 bushels.
Total wheat areas, 047, 1892 acres;
product, 467, 100000 bushels; value.
1927 900, 900; yield per acre, 1877 bush
els; farm price per bushel, 500 cents.
Oats-Area, 27,81s,4 O6 acres; prod
uct, 824, 444, 900 bushels; value, $685.
655, 900; yield per acre, 29.6 bushels;
farm price per bushel, 1919 cents.
Rye-Area, 1,S9O,345 acres; product
27,21O,O0O bushels; value, $11,365,OO0;
J ield per acre, 14.4 bushels; farm price
per bushel, A cents.
Barley-Area, $780, 73 acres; prod.
uct, 87,O73, 900 bushels; value, $40, 312,-
900: yield per acre. 1914 bushels; farm
price per bushel, 1877 cents.
Buckwheat-Area,9 1868 PIT acres; prod
uct, 1874 900 bushels; value, $685.
600; yield per acre, 20.1 bushels; farm
price per bushel, 49, cents.
q
uct, 297,237 900 bushels; value, $685.
900; yield per acre, 1905 bushels; farm
price per bushel. 26.6 cents.
Hay-Area, 4,2O6,45 acres; product
:47,O78,541 tons; value, 1893, 1S6, 900;
yield per acre, LOG tons; farm price pei
ton, $685..
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
Rat,on for Cattle or sheep.

Clover, hay, bran and wheat straw
make up complete ration in growing
cattle or sheep. 1t makes cheap food.
1t will bring little better result if the
straw and clover could first be run
through q feed-cutter and then tie
bran be added. But, if this cannot be
done, the next best plan is to feed the
straw and clover in racks Or managers,
and the bran in boxes or troughs.
There will be much less waste in this
way than by allowing the stock to run
in the stacks and help themselves.
What is left in the racks or managers
can be used for bedding, and in this
way be converted into a valuable fer
tilizer
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
NEWSY FARM NOTES.

Sheep do well on corn fodder.
above zero.
A sugar refining company is about to
be formed in Japan.
Feed the table scraps before they
have become soured.
Cranberries are being successfully
cultivated in Dare county, n. C..
Feeding the fowls too much cayenne
pepper is apt to produce liver trouble.
In Butte county, CAL, eight olive
trees are reported to have yielded 45O
gallons of oil.
A large part of the food used on the
farm goes back to the land through
the manure heap.
A warm house, a varied diet, plenty
of exercise and very early Matched last
springs pullets are the chief ingredi-
ents of the winter eggs.
The New York horse show cleared
about 100000 for the stockholders. The
trottingbred horses won nearly all the
prizes in driving and carriage classes.
In feeding barley to hogs the best re
SUITS d4c OOCd1ucO ny SI1uu11tS Vic SICiiA
and soaking it for five or six hours be-
fore feeding. If given whole much of
the barley will pass undigested.
While the first cross often unites the
good qualities of both parents, any at
tempt to breed from it causes the blood
that the progenitors have in common
to prevail, and the offspring revert back
to the original unimproved type.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
Dressing Fowls for Market.

Different markets require different
styles of dressing fowls; for some
markets the entrails should be re-
Enoved, for others not; some require the
heads on, others off, etc. For these rea-
sons it is advisable to determine where
you are going to ship and then to write
to some commission merchant at that
place asking for directions as to how
the fowls should be dressed. 1t never
pays to ship badly picked or packed
fowls. These are largely responsible
for the unsatisfactory returns which
are generally blamed on the commits
sion merchant. 1t is impossible for the
most skillful seller to obtain the best
prices for such stock.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
HOW TO SAVE TIMBER.

Hints for Farmers Who Think of Build
Ing Barn.
I send you drawing of middle bent in
our barn. The frame is made entirely
of plank two inches thick. There is not
Il mortise or tenon in the entire barn,
which is &C feet square and "a feet to
the caves. 1t saves half the timber. 1t
saves $1OO to $500 in the cost of barn.
II required two of us just four days to
get this barn ready to raise. Had it
been framed in the old way it would
have required about four weeks. Let
the farmer count the difference in
wages, and let his wife count the differ
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
An Event in Potato History.

Attention is called to the fact that the
potato will celebrate the 30Oth ami
versary of its introduction into Eng
land this year. 1t was in 1896 that Sir
Walter Raleigh returned to England
from America with the first tobacco
and potatoes, which originally grew in
Peru. Although the potato, it is esti-
mated. now furnishes One-sixth of the
nourishment of the human race, for a
long time it was delicacy for the rich
alone Even at the beginning of the
nth century noble1nen paid two shil-
lings a pound for potatoes and seasoned
them with sherry. People often visit
ed the gardens of the botanist Gerard,
at Hoiborn. to see the plants in bloom.
There IL talk of celebration in honor
OF the anniversary.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22

The use of cracked corn is more
largely employed among those who
breed the smaller breeds of poultry,
yet some use it with all varieties 1t
always seemed to me that the BETTE.
way would be to buy smaller kernel
corn or plant dwarf variety that
would avoid the necessity of cracking
it at the mill. In doing SO you get Just
what is wanted and avoid the trouble
OF having to pay for a great deal of
meal made in grinding the corn, which
IS not eaten by the flock and permitting
it to lie in the feed bins long brings
the meal worm about and makes the
entire grain musty and unpleasant to
handle.-J. w. Caughey, IL Farm and
Home.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
Remedy for Cornsta,k Disease.

Here is remedy for cornstall1 dis
ease which Ambrose Cochran, Little
River, Kan, sends to the Kansas Farm
er: A neighbor had a cow that took
sick very suddenly after being in the
stalks and they sent for me to help
give the cow some medicine. When /
got there the cow seemed to be in a
great deal of misery, and we poured
down her five pints OF coal oil and the
cow got well, but it was three days be-
fore she would eat. There was another
case of the same kind close by, and they
gave coal oil and it got well.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22

"a time from the feed chest to a long line
of cattle cribs. A better plan is to make
such a barrow as is shown in the cut,
with a small wheel at either side, and
mix the whole ration in it at once. Then
wheel the mass along before the stalls
and shovel out into each crib the proper
amount. Half the labor of feeding grain
will in this way be saved. The same
Hind of barrow will be found useful
asa feeding roots to stock.-N. Y. Fri
bUDe
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22

ence in the amount of bread, meat, po-
tatoes, pies, etc., required to feed the
carpenters. Not only is such barn
cheaper, but it is more convenient, for
there is no timber in the way of
handling grain and hay. It's thorough
ly braced in every part and fully as
strong as if built in the old way. Many
visitors have come to see the barn and
I have yet to learn Of one who is not full
~ convinced of its utiiity.-John j..
Shawyer. in Farm journal.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
HocHousE AND YARDS.

A Striking Novelty In the Line of Con-
venient Piggeries.
The accompanying illustration rep
resents an easily-constructed hoghouse
and system of yards which 1 find to
be quite convenient. Fig. 1 is an ex-
terror view of the house, only por-
ton being shown, which is covered with
boards and battens. The outer posts
are feet high; the rafters are "a
feet long, and meet at common point.
Fig. 2 shows the ground plan of the
house and yards; a a, ETC., are AKA pos is
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22

four of the pens. but takes floor
space from only two of them. No one
who has experienced the convenience
and the cleanliness of having a hall
way in the poultry quarters will ever
build a house without one, as very
much of the work of caring for the
fowls can be done in the hall, without
entering the pens. The size of this
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22

side-and lay the dressed fowls in il,
no one touching another. Fut the box
in cold building or on a back piazza
and let the fowls freeze solid. Chicken
meat can then be had at any time dur
ing the winter. Dress all fowls that
are ''eating their heads of. - Farm and
Home
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
CHEAP POULTRY HOUSE.

Description of Structure Suitable for
Seventy-Five Fowls.
An Inexpensive and convenient house
for rs fowls is shown in the accompany
ink illustration Gig. -. A floor plan
is given in Fig. 2, showing the inside
arrangement, from which it will be
seen that the outside door opens into
a hallway that communicates with all
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22

reaching from the ground to the roof;
b b and are doors to each pen. The
sizes Of pens and lots are represented
in the cuts. For roofing used 1x12
boards; 1886 feet were required. To
avoid waste in cutting, get one-halfef
this in 16foot lengths, one-fourth in IA
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
GOOD FEED BARROW.

With 1t Half the Labor of Grain Feeding
Can Be Saved.
Where grain is fed to a lot of stock
the mixing of individual messes in in
.dividual boxes entails much needless
labor, no small part of which is the car
Eying OF one or more of these boxes at
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-02-22
PRoFITLEss POULTRY.

XIII 1t OF, Dress 1t and Put 1t Away In
a Refrigerator.
Don't keep lot of useless poultry
through the winter. If in good flesh
have all the old fowls and the cockerels
dressed. Have such a box as is illus
trated--a dry goods box with hinged