The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-04-05
FACTS ABOUT THE DIARIES.
a CENSUS COMPILATION OF THE
PRODUCTS AND PRODUCERS.
n Business that Involves Millions OF Capt.
tai and Yields an Annual Product Far
Greater than the Investment IN stock
The Condensed Milk Figures.

$500 N|@
from the Government Printing ONCE. at the
behest of Secretary OF Agriculture Morton. UNI
der tho title of statistics of the Dairy" BY
the title page of this pamphlet II appears that
''Statistics OF the Dairy" was compiled from
the United States census for 1890, and from
other reliable sources. with explanatory notes
by Henry Il. Alvord. G. E., Chief of the Dairy
Division" although, rs q matter Of fact, Henry
E.. Alvord, G. E., is in no sense either the au
thor or the compiler. The pamphlet Is OF the
ordinary octave form, and 1t contains fifty
three numbered pages. The first seven pages
include the title page, a letter Of t~ransmittal TO
tho Secretary OF Agriculture, a letter of sub
initial TO the Chief OF the Bureau Of Animal
Industry, a blank page, O table OF contents.
and a list Of Illustrations. After these will be
found four pages and three lines, by actual meas
ure. all Of loaded matter. which were written
under the title OF Introductory" by Henry
f. Alvord, G. E., Chief of the Dairy Division"
And that Is the whole extent Of the work OF
Mr.. Alvord. Passing over Mr.. Alvord's in
troductory note, there is found q division Of
the Agricultural Statistics of the Eleventh
United States census" by John Hyde. The
work OF Mr.. Hyde runs from the twelfth page
to the ffty-third, inclusive. 1t is in great
part made up Of tables of figures setting forth
the past and present extent OF the dairy busi-
ness, and with these tables will be found many
comparative and explanatory notes and com
ment very likely to attract the attention of
dairy owners everywhere. Mr.. Hyde Is the
author of the work. The placing of the name
Of Henry L. Alvord. c. E., on the title page as
the author Is not, however. without precedent
among the publications that have Issued from
the Government press.
On turning to the work of Mr.. Hyde, It Is
found that when the Census Bureau started out
to count the meat CATTLE in the United States,
Il was decided to enumerate first all that were
on the farms everywhere and. second, all that
were on the ranges. the latter being kept in
q separate division because In no sense dairy
cattle. But the word farm being somewhat
com prehcnsive. an arbitrary meaning was
given TO it by the boss cnumerator, who de-
cided no patch of ground of less extent than
three acres was a farm. SO the COWS owned by
villagers and by country residents on smaller
patches Of ground. and by the city milkmen.
who keep their cows in the goat districts or
in stables, were wholly ignored. Mr.. Hyde
speaks deprecatingly of this omission. and
guesses that only about. half a million cows
were SO missed. Then we get at the figures Of
those that were counted, and q vast herd they
would have made II all had been rounded up
together. in all 1851 $50 cows. Divided out
among the farms. however, there were only
about four to the farm.
A comparison of the number Of cattle Of all
kinds on the farms with the number on the
ranges Is likely to be surprising to
the uniformed, because of the general idea
that the ranges hold tremendous herds. And
80 they do. for the enumerators found $685.
goo there, but the number on the farms was
51,363. 572.
Another way of considering the density Of
the horned population Is by the number per
SQUARE mile mil Ss of terri terTit%S syner It 10 y Iaa1b pt tGaa Is
this respect Iowa stands at. the head. with
$3.50 per square mile. and Illinois comes sec.
with Connecticut. Ohio, and Missouri. where
the number is from 90 down to 40: But In
York stands at the head of all.
Another way of considering the horned pop,
b ScinSs' S East OF the Mississippi but two
States, Vermont and Florida. have as many
neat t. cattle att "a. as ps tDplens GI tbS West esop Se ' tbere e'y ner
ing in Wyoming, for instance. fifteen cattle to
one person.
cattle is considered in the light OF the census
figures. that the District of Columbia leads all
pure bred stock. 1t boasts of 5.e7 per cent. OF
stock Of that class. On the other hand Iowa
leads in It's l per cent en- stool, of tin tbnt has th bal + o to
more Of pure bred blood. the percentage being
a9o; II the pnre HTeds and 1asG GRADES Mi,h be a counted ~ nsr
cent. Iowa being second with. Bib per cent.
New York. that because, Of its leading posi-.
ZION u IL DTOuuNCI VI al } E'''E N't "a w ~
at the head of all IN the quality Of its stock,
has only l5 per cent. Of pure breds and 1852
ssi Sir fsp'i ahead Sa fr Of the N nation lon as a Whole, in
which the per cent. is but 90. And 1t Il not
@ Of i the we fam 6aed R Rrs ena should Mid'f have only i.5s
per cent. of pure bred cattle and but l4.T1 Oh
grades.
the improvement OF neat cattle Is very clearly,
brought out BY Mr., Hyde in his statistics r
per COW throughout the whole United, States
for one year was 3l5.i gallons. In the Dis,
r pure br re- U waa hishcs 18th the .ye produce, per
COW was 533 gallons. In New Mexico, where
the percentage OF pure a. or rS g oaI5ie waI Th iISe av.
erage for New Mexico. however,. Is not quite
fair in if showing for the recordless stock, for
Spanish. American population who follow their
old tradition of milking a COW but once a day.
S sr tG 2e'y yali " p isH i ~ Mss MissoH tsiV and i Ksn sas.
with their low per cents OF pure bred STOCK ana
their average productions OF, 22I.SI gallons
and 27I.7D. come more nearly showing what
a common COW is good for. Moreover. the
caro- tho cattle receive greatly modlnes the
Thus New York, as already shown. has 2
much smaller per cent. OF pure bloods ana OF
York produced an average of 1905 gallons per
year. while Iowa produced only 324.s. ora
tribe above the average of the whole nation:
Massachusetts, with an average production OF
400 gallons. leads all the States, New YORK
the older states are comfortable. and because
the cows are carefully fed instead OF being left
to rustic for themselves, that these states lead
in the average product OF u COW.
The Increase In the number or milch cows be-
tween 1850 and 1890 was tie largest ever re-
corded, but 1t il an interesting fact that there
were 37.5 cows for every 100 people In the
country in 1880. and but 26.4 in 1890. The in
crease in the number varies greatly among the
states. Thus Pennsylvania has 73,09s more;
New Jersey, ,0,49s; New York only e,375.
while Iowa added GA. 23l. Iowa now stands
at tho head of the cow'owning States, having
a total of l,49s,4lS. II, Is not uninteresting
to note IN connection with the influx OF North.
ern people into Florida that the number OF
cows there increased from 42,l14 to 1883
Another matter OF interest is the product OF
milk, butter. and cheese. The nation is cred
tied with a years yield OF 6,2oo, l25, 597 gallons
enough to I'LL q mighty reservoir. From this
the churn turned out, according e, one table,
1905, sos, 1854 pounds Of butter, while the watts
yielded ESQ, T0l ,ss3 pounds ot cheese. In the
list Of States New York is ranked first as a
producer of milk, second MS u producer of but
Ter. and first as a producer of cheese. although
il ranks NTH In its number of persons In agri-
culture and second Ia the number of its cows.
Iowa Is the leading butter producer, but 1t Ia
sixth in the matter OF chess. In proportion
Ia Ita area In square miles Vermont Is the lead