davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-08-02
SPAIN OFFERS A REWARD.
TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS READY FOR AN
INFORMEI,.
1T WILL BE GIVEN TO THE MAN WHO WILL BIZ
TRAY A FILIBUsTERING EXPEDITION IN
SPANISH wATERs-A PROTEST

TO OI,NEY.
Philadelphia, Aug. 1.-The Spanish Govern
ment is determined to prevent, II possible NIL
clustering expeditions from leaving this couh-
try for Cuba. To guard against hlibusters, spain
is offering a reward OF %lOOOO for information
leading to the capture within Spanish waters
OF fibustering expedition Captain MURPHY
commander OF the Laurada. has received the
following letter from Jose Congosto, the Span
ish Consul:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-08-02

preserving your health by reading DI.
Pierce's Common Sense Medical Ad-
wiser, it Is a grand book and the pres
ent edition is absolutely free to all who
send 81 one cent stamps to cover cost
OF mailing only. II contains 1908 pages
and over 600 engravings. 90 900 cloth
bound copies have been sold at 81. so
each This free edition is in strong
MANILA paper covers. otherwise It is
just the same. Address. Worlds Dis
cal Association, Buffalo. N. Y.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-08-02
GUESTS AT THE LEADING HOTELS.

O.. n. Tod. Maritzburg
South Africc-
MARLBOROUGH.
]. Newman. Wilmington.
y. &.
J. Syder & wife. Baltimore.
j. Choate & wife. Wlnona,
MINI.
e. 4. jay. Kokomo. Ind.
u. J. kehoe. New York.
J. j. McGlynn. st. Louis.
\. Holmes. New York.
7 G. 7. Hedges. New-Y York.
I. W. Sage. Buffalo.
METROPOLE.
g. B. coe, Detroit.
III. r. Harris. Duluth. MINI.
). II. Campbell. Cohoes,
/ y. Y.
J. q. Spotten. Troy.
+. VI. Learens. Philadelphia.
I J. i. Hnyman. Highland.
b. Tremen Il wife. Boston.
h. Robinson AZ wife. New
York.
+. Mulholland. New-Haven.
MURRAY HILL.
II. p. Orr. New-Orleans.
III. 7. lIegeman. White
Plains. y. /.
q. O'Grady. Woodstock.
K. |.
+. +. Harris. New York.
9. W. Dot-n d wife. Chi
Mrs. T. G. Springer. Chi
cago.
Miss l.. NJ. Smith. Boston.
;. w. Fairchild. New York.
Miss Fairchild. New York.
NORMANDIE.
A. X. Jones & wife. Fort
Worth. Tex.
-. q. Morrissry. St. Paul.
+. ". English. London.
". X. Park. Philadelphia.
II. C. 'rrcmaine * wife.
Philadelphia.
f. II. Buckley. Philadelphia.
+. w. Leary. Chattanooga,
Tenn.
T. W Sykes. North Adams.
Mass.
x. W. Rollins. Hartford.
Conn.
4. ). Stopie. Albany.
PARK AVENUE.
a. l.. Hi. Now Haven.
w. f.. Mowbiay * wife.
New York.
II. c. Knight. Helena. Ark.
/. II. niu4aIan, Buffalo.
Mrs. j. Mcdonald. Wallace.
Idaho.
s. Shaw n wife. Phl,adel-
phia.
f. L. Hegnier. Kansas city.
J. NJ. killOran. Leadville.
w. j. Dixon. London.
Miss Dale. Marietta. Ohio.
ST. CLOUD.
II. Freeland. New York.
j. Stevens a. wife, New
York.
J. Slevin ~ wife. New York.
j. J. Koran. Troy.
y. l.. Masierson. Albany.
II. Tremaine. brooklyn.
X. r.. James & wile. Brook
| Ign.
II. Baker. schenectady.
4. II. Clifford. YOnkers.
IL. II. Cheney. Poughkeeps.e.
sTURTEvANT.
L. II. Gavin. Boston.
j. r. Hastings & wife
Washington.
7. V. Bauer & wife. New
&C.. Il. Burrows. Boston.
NJ. NJ. McConkey. Spring
neld. Ohio.
Mrs. NJ. kettler. st. Louis.
q. II. Wellinger a wife
Pittsburg.
A. Taylor q wife. Cincln-
natl.
r. stanton x wife. Brook
Ign.
Il. II. Richards 4 wife.
Hartford.
VENDOME.
f. j. Cantin. San Francisco.
+. Shields. Cincinnati.
W. +. Baker 4 wife. Boston
Z. T.. I.afton. Virginia.
r.. &. Thompson. philadel-
NJ. T. Birch. Pittsburg.
j. klauber. New-York.
> l.. Hood. Newark.
A. Hynes. New York.
WESTMINSTER.
j.. Zavala. Boston.
J.. V. Glover a wife. Pitts
burg.
Miss J l.. Stone. san Fran
cisco.
Mrs. +. @. Sanborn. San
Francisco.
Dr Il. II. Eddy q family,
Lincoln. Neb.
T.. Yoag &. Chamoro. Mica
raglia.
w. =. Anderson. wilkes
barre. Penn.
e. J. Shoemaker. Wilkesbar-
re. Penn.
!. Oliuyle. Scranton. Penn.
T. NJ. Espino. Saratoga.
s.. GullerIax Nicarania
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-08-02
Yrs. WinslOW's Soothing Syrup

Give Woodburys Facial Soap ore trial ans
You will Use no other II is absolutely pure
Druggists sell il and use II.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-08-02

Consulate de Espaha, Philadelphia
Ten thousand dollars will be paid by the under
signed his office In Philadelphia, Penn, for IN
formation leading TO the capture within Spanish
waters Of any military naval expedition or OF any
vessel engaged in carrying men and munitions 10
the isle of Cuba certain inhabitants or which are
now In Instruction against the Government OIL
Spain.
This offer carries with 1t a promise OF Immunity
from arrest or apprehension to any person or per
sons who shall give such information as IL men
toned above whether not such person or persons
are participants in such expeditions ooro
July 90 1896. JOSE CONEoolO,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-08-02

This letter was delivered to Captain Murphy
by an attache of the Spanish Consulate. who
said that he had been sent by DR.. Congosto
Captain Murphy in speaking Of the letter said
''Only I'm the most kindly spirit do | say that
It is an attempt to bride me. wish to assure
him that | am not in the business OF surrender
ing secrets which do not possess, and | say
to him frankly if It were ten times $1,000 he
could not induce me to turn nformer. l do
not feel insulted by the action of the Spanish
Consul but / do believe that man serving In
his honorable capacity ought to have higher
appreciation of the patriotism Of an American
citizen than to attempt to purchase him for
cash Evidently he is only following out the
instructions Of his Government. and am trying
TO carry out the orders Of my employer.
Captain Murphy handed the communication
to Captain w w Ker counsel for the j. D.
Hart Company who Will send it with protest
to Secretary Of State Olney. Captain her in
speaking OF the offer. said:
1T is an infamous act, and an insult to
American citizenship. 1t Is a usurpation of au-
thoritv on his part to declare that those who
violate the neutrality laws of the United States
will receive immunity II they surrender certain
information, even though they be not partici-
pant3 in the expedition That Is dangerous
declaration for a man to make just now. Ten
thousand dollars is big inducement for some
persons to steal secretly into vessel for In
stance lying In the Philadelphia port bound for
Cuba, and place munitions Of war, such as
dynamite, on board This individual could in
form the Spanish Government. and the vessel
would be seized the moment she entered within
the Cuban three-mile limit. I shall call the at
tention Of Secretary Olney to the letter"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-08-02
CHUNG TO WRECKAGE FOR TWO DAYS.
SOME DETAILS OF THE LOSS OF The GERMAN
WARSHIP ILTIS.
DELEGATES.

Shanghai Aug 1.-The eleven men who were saved
from the German warship Hits. which was wrecked
during a typhoon on July g. in the Yellow Sea. off
Southwest Promontory Province Of Shaniung. chung
TO wreckage for two days before they reached the
shore The Hits wen; down In shallow water she
sank stern first and her forepart remained out or
water. A heavy was running and swept away
many men who might otherwise have saved them
selves by Clingng TO the wreck
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-08-02

Mr.. jackson. of Newark n. j., and his family have
left Berlin for Dresden.
William s. Carroll. the American Consul-General
at Dresden, has gone TO Switzerland a holiday.
He is accompanied by his family
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-08-02

Despite the statements that have appeared In
French newspapers. it is doubtful If the Car Will
visit Paris.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-08-02

H. ". Hall. Torrlngton
conn.
q. X. Hillard. Wilkcsbarre.
4 IS. Nichols. Philadelphia
If. \. Dana. Boston.
j. r. Potts. indianapolis.
J.. L. Collins. Amherst.
f.. II. Grath. 81. Louis.
]. ". PerK ms. Rome. y. \
H. J. Pulycr, Torr!ngton
Conn.
G.. W. Baldwin. An-onia
Conn.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-08-02
EMBROIDERIES.
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES.

The MOST COMPLETE ASSORTMENT In the CITY u,
carry only ne best grals. AMI orr prices are lver than
''fe al "nich many hln'os seil aferior go,l-
rrr,,.v " --,. ,,...,, 49,: basement
TOM m..-...-. .... az
..,.....,.. -
JAPANNED DUSTPAN. half covered .. q,
Nif NH u StIllDHS large size ........... 80
JAPANNED BREAD BOXES. ........ q.
AMERICAN BALL. NOZZLE. .......... ......... a,
The record-union., 1896-11-04
SOUND MONEY REPUBLICANS.
They Will Have a rlajority in the
United States Senate.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 3-The United
Associated Presses has received the fol-
Lowing telegram from Perry Heath, who
has been closely associated with Chair
man Hanna in the management of the
campaign:
"United-Associated Presses, Wash
ington: At 8 o'clock tonight returns
safely verify Chairman Hanna's state
ment that Mckinley and Hobart will
have at least 311 votes in the Electoral
College. This is landslide. There is
no doubt about Oregon being for Nc
Kinley, while the chances favor our
carrying California and Washington.
We have carried Kentucky, West Vir-
ginia, North Carolina, and believe we
have Tennessee. We are certain of
of the Ohio River.
AN important feature of the indica-
items at this time is that there will be
a straightout sound money Republican
majority in the United States Senate.
We are certain to have sound money
Senators succeed Hill of New York,
Cameron of Pennsylvania Voorhees, of
Indiana, Palmer of Illinois, Villas of
Wisconsin, PETER of Kansas and Kyle
of South Dakota. There are now thir-
teen silver majority in the Senate In
d.catiOnS are that sound money Sena-
tors Will have a majority of at least
three"
The record-union., 1896-11-04
BRYAN RECEIVES THE NEWS.
Sits i'm a Private Office at Home and
Reads of His Defeat.

LINCOLN CNeb.), Nov. 3.-Mr. Bryan
received the returns at his residence
this evening. He had slept most Of the
afternoon, and felt much refreshed
W hen the news began coming in. Two
Postal telegraph wires had been run
into the Bryan residence, one connect
ing with Democratic national head
quarters in Chicago and the other for
regular bulletins. Both instruments, an
operator at each, We're placed in the Ii
brary, while in the adjoining room
Western Union operator received the
bulletins furnished by that company.
It had been understood among the
friends Of the Democratic candidate
that he was to be left alone on election
nieht. and as a. consequence none Of the
local supporters or neighbors Of Mr..
BRYAN gathered at the little D-street
residence.
After supper Mr.. Bryan put on vel
vet house Jacket and went upstairs to
the private office. Mrs. Bryan remained
with him there during the evening, hus-
band and wife receiving the bulletins
fresh from the wire and reading and
comparing them together. Mr. Schwind,
the candidates Secretary, and a dozen
newspaper men occupied the library
The wire to the Democratic headquar-
ters was idle nearly all the time. A
few dispatches for Mr.. Bryan came
from Chairman Jones early in the even
ing. Their purport was not made
known by Mr. Bryan, but he said that
The record-union., 1896-11-04
POPULAR VOTE.
ncKinley's Plurality Will Probably
Reach a rliIliOn.

CLEVELAND, Nov. 3.-"McKinley
viii carry the country by a plurality of
l,0OOOOO." was the startling statement
made by Chairman NJ. A. Hanna to
United Associated Presses representa-
tive at 1910 p. m. in the parlor of the
Union Club
Ye Yes," the result has exceeded even
my most sanguine expectations" said
Mr.. Hanna. Il had thought we might
not carry Kentucky and Tennessee, but
those States have fallen into line nobly.
ON the Pacific Coast we have rolled up
magnificent Republican majorities We
have achieved a signal victory in Ne
hraska"
What is the cause of this over
whelming Republican triumph"
Why, this campaign has set the peo-
ple to thinking, and the result is
healthy desire for a change of condi-
tions which will bring renewed pros
rcrity to the industrial classes. Then.
the free trade and free silver planks in
the Democratic platform became hope
lassly antangled with each other and
this prevented a clear understanding
OF these issues, even by their eranest
supporters. The vital issues of this
campaign have been so cogently and
logically pointed out by the Republican
speakers that the judgment of the
masses cannot go far amiss"
hat is the significance of the re-
sult?"
My dear sir, it can have but one sig
flhcdnce. 1T means the triumphant
Vindication of Republican principles
and an honest currency"
The record-union., 1896-11-04
AN ERA OF PROSPERITY,
Continued from First Page.)

Ing he sat in his study. where he heard
tie news of his nomination. After
dinner he moved into the dining room,
ana sat in an arm chair near the head
CT the table, which had been converted
INTO a desk for the filing of returns.
Major Mckinley heard the news with
MS usual calm. He sat quietly while
the first news of the great battle came
IN and smoked his after dinner cigar.
He became interested as the news be-
came more copious and definite, and
Kept up running comment on the
significance of the reports.
Major Mckinley is uncommonly well
informed on practical politics, and car
fies in his mind the salient results for
several years. Major McKinley's study
was given over to newspaper CORE
srondents, and the returns were read
aloud to them after they had been
scanned by Mr.. Mckinley.
At the end of the long table at which
Mr. Mckinley sat were Judge Day,
Judge Baldwin, Charles Miller, Major
Manchester, Major McKinley's pastor
and the correspondents of the press
associations.
When the United Associated Presses
bulletins announced that the New York
journal had conceded the election of
Mckinley a cheer swept through the
house and Major Mckinley's face was
slightly flushed. His friends crowded
about him and pressed upon him their
congratulations, but Major Mckinley
refused to take anything for granted,
and said he would not assume that he
was elected until the actual returns
and figures warranted it, He declined
to let telegramS of congratulation be
sent out by the newspapers until he
felt absolutely certain of his election,
for the reason that he did not want the
senders Of such messages to feel en-
barrassed in case he happened not to
be elected.
AT midnight bells sounded and bands
fastened to the public square. and in
ten minutes there were assembled thou
sands of jubilant people who united in
singing Praise God From Whom All
Blessings Flow"
Mrs. Mckinley, who has been confined
to her bed for week, sat up tonight
for the first time. She had dozen ladies
with her. Mother Mckinley, Miss Mabel
Mckinley, Mrs. Henry o. Heisland,
Mrs. w. =. Day, Mrs. George B.
Frease, Miss Eva Phillips and Miss
Helen Mckinley We're among the ladies
who heard the news with Mrs. McKin-
ley.
Major Mckinley went from time to
time. indeed, with great deal Of fire.
quency, into the drawing-room to chat
for a moment with his wife and mother
and the other ladies. He was in ex-
cellent spirits throughout the evening,
and occasionally hummed to himself
There's a Land That is Fairer Than
Day" When Major Mckinley is feeling
in excellen spirits he often huns few
lines of a hymn to himself.
Il do not get unduly excited" said
Major Mckinley when some one said to
him, Major, you seem to have a tran
quill look on your face" Major McKin-
ley did not seem to take very much
pleasure in the premature congratula-
tionS.
Very good, very good" said Major
Mckinley when the declaration of the
Republican State Committee was read
announcing a sweeping victory in the
State and the defeat of Altgeld.
The record-union., 1896-11-04
AT McKINLEY'S HOME.
Republicans Hold Regular Jubilee at
Canton.


CANTON, Nov AT midnight all
of the marching clubs OF Canton headed
by firing squad from one of the militia
companies and accompanied by 5000
yelling citizens with tin horns, drums,
pistols, descended like an invading army
on Major McKinleys residence. Sew
eral volleyS We're fired and the noise
from the shouting of the enthusiasts al
most drowned the report of the rifles.
AT midnight and not a second before
Major Mckinley admitted publicly that
he felt assured of his election. He made
no announcement of the fact that he
believed he had been chosen by the
American people to the highest office
within their gift, but he allowed his
friends to congratulate him when they
pressed about him. They offered him
congratulations early in the evening,
but he gently put aside the pleasant
words and insisted that he could not ac-
cept congratulations until the news
seemed decisive. Major Mckinley made
no declaration of any sort; he merely
received the congratulations ana
thanked his friends for their good
wishes He did not discuss the victory
or its significance.
When the clubs of Canton marched
up to Major Mckinley's house he
stepp out on the veranda and reviewed
the parade. The cheering was deafen-
ing.
The first out of town delegation to
reach the Mckinley residence was one
of 800 from Massillon, which arrived
shortly after midnight this CWednes-
day) morning. kilograms of congratu-
lation are pouring in from all parts of
the country
The MassilOn delegation continued
their shouting for half an hour, and
were continually reinforced. At 1
o'clock it was estimated that there were
-, 900 people gathered in the vicinity
of the McKiulny home.
The record-union., 1896-11-04
DRY MILLINERY STORE.
"The Only Place in Town Where You
Can (iet a Drink -

The commercial traveller tells this
story of Milligan's first trip to the State
of Kansas:
"Milligan had heard all about Kansas
and prohibition. He doesn't drink but.
like every other man, he wondered if he
would be able to get drink, provided,
of course, that he wanted one-which he
didn't, as I've said
well, he was riding on the train and
they'd been in Kansas about half hour,
when the train reached Coulter juno
ton. 1t had to stop there to change en-
gines, and Milligan got out and walked
up and down the platform, sizing up the
town. 1t was the first prohibition town
he'd ever seen.
"a fellow with a suit of overalls was
standing on the platform. Milligan went
up to him and said: This is Kansas,
amt it?'
Right you are this fellow says
Prohibition Kansas
Yes this fellow says
Couldn't get a drink here, I sup
pose?'
Do yoy want a drink?'
No, but / just wondered if I could
get one in case ! did want IT.
Say, come here The fellow led
The record-union., 1896-11-04
Returns Too Meager to Show Who
Has Majority.
Both the Republican and Democratic
Chairman Claim the State for
President, rlajOrity of Congress-
men and rlajOrity in the Legis-
lature-rlcKInley Slightly in the
Lead on the Votes Counted.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 3-Fine
weather throughout the State brought
out heavy vote. The voting pro-
gressed quietly and no disturbances of
any kind are reported. Up to $3.50 to-
night only meager and scattering re-
turns have been received from interior
points. In San Francisco where the
count is progressing very slowly, re-
turns have been reported from only
thirteen precincts out of a total of 313
precincts. Even these are incomplete
but they indicate that Mckinley leads.
Chairman Mclaughlin of the Republi-
can State Committee declines to give
any estimate of the vote but he believes
that Mckinley will carry the State. On
the other hand, Chairman Afford of the
Democratic State Committee claims the
State for Bryan by a safe majority.
Both sides maintain that they will elect
majority of Congressional candidates
and also secure the next Legislature on
joint ballot.
AT midnight returns from Southern
California indicated that balloting had
been strongly in favor of Mckinley, al
though the fusion vote was quite
heavy at many points. Bryan has car
ried several of the central and north
ern counties of the State by small ma
jorities.
Five hundred and seventy-three pre-
ciEcts in the State outside of San Fran
cisco City and County give Mckinley
:.,44o, Bryan 1926
Chairman Mclaughlin of the Repub-
lican State Committee claims five out
Of the seven congressman as follows
First District, Barham; Third District,
Hllborn; Fifth District, Loud; Sixth
District, McLachlan; Seventh District
Bowers. The returns SO far indicate
that Mclaughlin was justified in max
ing them.
In the Second District DeVries (Fu-
som has a strong lead over Johnson
Isep). and his election is conceded
In the Fourth District Mcguire Dem }
will have a majority of 10000 over
O'Brien (Rep)
SAN FRANCISCO.
SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 3.-The Off
cial account was about half concluded
in this city at ! o'clock this morning,
the figures standing as follows: McKin-
ley Electors 22, 102 Bryan Electors %
Cog.
For Congress in the Fourth District
the count stood: Mcguire Oem)
io,344, O'Brien Rep.) S,S45. In the
Fifth Congressional District the vote
stands; Kelly 0nd. Dem) Sill; Kline
F'usion) 3,G13; Loud (Rep) S,597.
AMADOR
SUFFER- CREEK, Nov. 3.-The cleo
ton passed off quietly The vote here
is as follows: Mckinley 211, Bryan 16O,
De Vries 2U2, Johnson 166.
AMADOR CITY, Nov. 3.-McKinley
S6, Bryan JOG, De Vries 40, Johnson l2.
PLYMOUTH, Nov. 3.-McKinley rs.
Bryan 113, De Vries 127, Johnson 61.
YOLO.
CAPAY, Nov. 3.-Total vote 50. Nc
Kinley 26, Bryan Al.
Congress-English Oem.) 80, Hilborn
Rep) p.
Assembly-Hatcher Pop.) 8, Nixon
Dem.) 40, North Rep) %
The record-union., 1896-11-04
CLEVELAND PLEASED.
Glad to Find His Outcome in the Out
come Confirmed.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 3.-There was
no coneealment of the qualification
caused by the election result among the
exclusive party that read the returns
at the White House upon the Presi-
dent invitation. Secretaries Olney,
carlisle. Morton. Lamont and Wilson,
the two latter having voted, respective
~ In New York and West Virginia, and
FASTENED back to the city, shared with
the President the full enjoyment of the
ted-Associated Presses bulletins,
which. from the first, as one of the Cab
met officers declared, were "all our
way
The President took an unusually deep
interest in the returns, and was glad to
find his confidence in the outcome fully
confirmed
The record-union., 1896-11-04
The English Betting system.

The great majority of people cannot
attend race meetings except once or
twice year. when these take place in
the district in which they reside But
they can bet upon them none the less
to the fullest extent The great modern
development of betting has sprung up
under what is known as the starting
price" system. Anyone living in Bir-
nIngham, say, who wishes to back a
horse which is running a race at York.
goes to starting-price bookmaker and
deposits his stake, which is the amount
he will lose If the horse runs unslccess-
fully. If the horse wins he receives
the odds laid against it at the moment
of the race starting, which are accu-
rately reported in the newspapers.
Nine-tenths of all the betting in the
country is done in this way and the
numbers who patroniZe the system are
enormous. The welI-to-do man who
bets in sovereigns communicates with
his bookmaker by letter, telegraph or
telephone. or perhaps meets him at a
club. The small bookmakers, who sub
sist upon the shillings of workinmen.
DO their business in the streets. where
they are constantly pounced upon by
the police, to be brought up aud fined.
The men who do what might be termed
q middle-class trade, in sums ranging
from half crown to half a sovereign.
have agents in various guises. The
hacker hands his five shillings perhaps
to a restaurant waiter. who conveys it
to a harmless looking tailor's shop a
little way down the street, and the tai
lor's boy transmits it to the bookmaker
wherever the latter's quiet retreat may
be. The vigorous and well-intentioned
efforts of public authorities to repress
betting cannot be said to have had. in
the aggregate, any very substantial
effect. AS fast as one channel is stopped
another ingenious device takes ITS
place; and although it may be driven
under the surface, it's volume is not
really diminished. 1t can only be hoped
that, as other vices in social history
have done, it is only running a tempo
rary course. to become attenuated and
pass away, ultimately, like some spent
Observation-Disclosures Journal.