New-York tribune., 1896-11-22

70 Holland Jos miles long. might be made TO work.
but the one 10 Germany 2li miles In length affords
no hope whatever. Mr.. Preecc Is trying TO brldEc
these distances and says: Eventually We hope to
reproduce speech even across the Atlantic
As steps in this direction the eminent electrician
iust quoted proposes TWO or three notifications IN
the construction - a submarine cable In the first
nlace he believes that two ribhOn-ke conductors.
arranged In ono OF the accompanying diagrams
would give better results than two round wires side
hy side or the so-cacd "concontric cable. IN whlch
an outer shell Of copper surrounds but Is Insulated
from Il simple wire Secondly In his judgment,
paper IS superior 10 rutta percha as an insulator
between the outgoing and return conductors. partly
because II will admit Of reducing tho distance be-
tween the two. and partly because II has lower
..inductivc capacity" than gutia pcrcha-
IN order test his theories. Mr. Frcecc IS about 20
have a cable made on the plan shown I'm the largest
diagram Two half-round copper conductors arc
separated only 10y Sim of paper. and th"n m"
pair is 10 be wound with paper before tn" outer coat
OF gutta percha f. applied -Four % thcs" pairs are
to be cosed IN the heavy sh"aths OF guard wires
usually applied 10 ocean cable. NJ. Frccccs az
rangemeni will provide for four conversations at
once instead OF only two. and ne confidently be-
neves that IL Will serve for the AnFlo-Gcrman SER
vice Before laying such cable between England
and Germany. he Will Try a short ono. running 10
the Isle Of Wight. merely 10 detect possible dif-
culties in the processes OF manufacture. II my
reasoning IS correct" says Mr Ircccc. and far
experiment has confirmed IT, then not only ought We
10 he able 70 speak great distances. bat th" type
OF ocean cables mus, Dee rcvolutonizcd Tor what Is
true for telephony would be equally true ior iecs-
raphy."
Tho public heard a good deal about attempts TO
telegraph between points not connected with any
wire about three years ago. The plan then en-
ployed was 10 lay several miles OF wire along tho
shore Of an island and similar wire parallel with
Il on the shore OF another island. Th"n, by tn"
familiar process Of 'ndnctlon TIA" electric signals
sen, through one would be echoed In the other.
although the TWO might b.. three. oven ave. miles
apart; The liro Of experiment "hlrh Mi iIfe'c
briefly mentioned tho other day however. dlh'rs
from the other greatly ia the FisiDi" means 'hn-
ploycd. Il not IN principle.
suitable conductor D. frequently Interrupted. and
these breaks occur with ahrupin"ss ns well as ire-
quency two sets OF waves are produced. one runs
along the conductor itself. the other radai"s out
into space from the side Of th" conductor The aie
Heinrich Heflz Of Bonn. has done more - rct,iI
oscillations than any one else. In TACT almost al
within the last eight Cr ten years In passing. II Is
Interesting 10 note that Hertz succeeded ia gen
Grating these electro magnetic waves at the aston
iehirr rafc Of .00DJO .0Osp a second, one Of the
remarkable discoveries which the great German
made was that such oscillations travelled at tx
nrfly the same velocity light rays and could he
reflected and ictractcd lie thus established an cx-
tween the two Phenomena. although the waves OF
lsht are 80 much shorter that great many more
OF them arc emitted IN second Using IN" wave
length OF the green part OF the spectrum as a
basis Of comparison, II may be sad mat thcre are
CDrNG0o 40 900 I'ght waves TO second.
The new * crimenis In tccgfaphy, described by
Mr. prccce but conducted by young Italian named
Marconi. both In London ana out on Salisbury
! Plain England utilize these invisible Hertzian
! waves Siguor Marconl has succeeded in rejecting
them by means OF a mirror curved I'm peculiar
| way so as to focus them. and the vibrations were
/ caught AT a distance of "a mile and quarter by a
picc. Of apparatus that actuatcd ordinary telo-
! graphic relay. The Morse code OF signals was used
The appliances were crude and therefore suspccti-
/ bic OF considerable Improvement. whether this
method will prove superior 10 tho Induction sys-
tenn OF tclcgraphy without wires IT is too 10
say Nor can one safely predict at present, the
! tent 10 which it may be developed. The Marconi
/ experiments PROMISE however. TO lead to useful
| practical results.