davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
THE CABBAGE WORM.
Paris Green Can Be Used to Advantage
in Destroying Them

Paris Green Can Be Used to Advantage
in Destroying Them
The most common cabbage caterpil-
lar is the larval form of the white but
terfiy, so often seen about the plants
depositing its eggs Aside from this
larva there are several others which
attack the cabbage plant, being the
larvae of several species of butterflies
and moths. But while there are sew
eral species of caterpillars on the
plants, vet the habits of all are very sim
liar, SO that the same remedies are ap-
plicable to all.
Just as soon as the worms are noticed
ON the plants, paris green, either dry
or mixed with water. should be applied.
In this case it is perhaps best to make
the application in a dry form by means
Of any of the many ways for
making the application. A com
mon flour sack will do for this
purpose, if nothing better is at
hand, although nothing equals the
champion powder gun for the applica-
ton of any dry powders. When ap-
piled to the cabbage, the paris green
should be diluted with about 20 parts
of -four, the effectiveness of the apPlica-
ton depending not so much upon the
amount used as the eyenness of the dis
tribution. The paris green, however.
should not be applied to the plants after
they have formed heads. but pyrethrum
or insect powder should then be used
instead.
But the question is often asked: Twill
not the paris green poison the plants
and render them unfit for use % But the
cabbage grows from within out, and
there is no danger from the use of paris
green, provided it is not applied after
the heads are formed. By the time the
outer leaves are taken off and the cab
bage is ready for the table, there is left
10 trace of arsenic.-H. E. Weed, in
Journal of Agriculture.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
HOW TO KEEP APPLES.
| Chief Requisite for Preservation In .
Uniform Low Temperature.

Chief Requisite for Preservation In Q
Uniform Low Temperatures.
On the subject of keeping apples Mr..
o. w. Hawden, of Worcester, Mass, in
recent address, said: IF apples are
expected to keep well they must be
picked from the trees and landed care
fully. Barrels and boxes are found the
most convenient packages for apples,
but should be washed and thoroughly
cleansed and dried before using; care
should be taken that no nails protrude
through the slaves. The fruit should
be carefully placed in the barrels and
gently shaken and pressed into them as
compactly as possible to prevent any
motion of the fruit after the barrels
are headed; each sort should be marked
and placed where the temperature is
low and uniform if possible. If apples
are to be stored for winter or late keep
ing the sooner placed in a cool and uni
form place the better. A fruit house
or cellar made with view for the pur-
pose is best, but most growers usual
ly have to resort to their cellars. The
chief requisites for the preservation Of
fruit from October to May or June fol-
lowing are uniform low temperature,
which in autumn may be obtained by
giving abundant ventilation on cool
nights, to be closed when the atmos-
phere is warm. Fruits should be main
tanned or kept in as nearly as possible
its condition VIXEN gathered. The grad
ual ripening process, or the fermenta-
ton of the juices premonitory to de-
cay, should be checked and kept in a
dormant condition. When maintained
nearly at freezing point the mellow
ing or ripening process in the fruit
nearly ceases. Fungi and mildew, the
primary causes of decay, do not germi-
nate under these circumstances; the
best late keeping results are promoted
thereby. The prices at which apples
are sold differ very materially between
October and June and are often as one
to five; thus the growing price in the
cellar is of fully much Importance as
the growing fruit in the orchard."-Ice
and Refrigeration.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
BUTTER-MAkiNG RULES.
Recently Issued by the Royal Agricultural
Society of England.

Recently Issued by the Royal Agricultural
Society of England
Simple rules for butter-making have
been issued in revised form by the
Royal Agricultural society, of England,
and are printed as follows in our Eng
fish contemporaries They are put in
the following manner:
Prepare churn, butter-worker, wooden
hands and sieve as follows: ~ Rinse
with cool water; (2) scald with boiling
water; (3) rub thoroughly with salt;
(4) rinse with cold water.
Always use a correct Thermometer.
The cream when in the churn to be at a
temperature of SO to So degrees in sum-
mer, and 60 to 81 degrees in winter The
churn should never be more than half
full. Churn at number of revolutions
suggested by maker of churn. If none
are given, churn at 30 to As revolutions
first.
Ventilate the churn freely and fire.
quently during churning, until no air
rushes out when the vent is opened.
Stop churning Immediately the but
ter comes. This can be ascertained by
the sound; if in doubt, look.
The butter should now fbe like grains
of mustard seed. Pour in a small
quantity of cold water Zone pint water
to two quarts creamy to harden the
grains, and give few more turns to the
churn, gently. Draw off the buttermillz,
giving plenty of time for draining. Use
a straining-cloth placed over a hair
sieve, so as to prevent any loss, and wash
the butter in the churn with plenty OF
| cold water; then draw off the water
| and repeat the process until the water
| comes off quite clear.
To brine butter, make strong brine
two or three pounds of salt to one gal
| Ion of water. Place straininp-clotb
over mouth of churn, pour in brine, put
| lid on churn, turn sharply half dozen
| times, and leave from ten to fifteen
| minutes. Then lift the butter out OF
churn into sieve, turn butter out on
worker, leave it few minutes to drain
and work gently till all superfuous
moisture is pressed out.
To dry-salt butter, place butter OF
worker, let it drain ten to fifteen min.
| utes, then work gently till all the butte
| comes together. Place it on the scales
and weigh; then weigh salt; for slight
| sailing, one-fourth ounce; medium
one-half ounce; heavy sailing, three.
| quarters ounce to the pound of butter
Roll butter out on worker and carefully
| sprinkle salt over the surface, a little al
time; roll up and repeat till all the
salt is used.
N B.-Never touch the butter with
your hands.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
DAIRY SUGGESTIONS.

Always strain milk as soon as posi-
BILE after milking.
Swimming the milk at the right time
often prevents rancid butter.
The most restless cows IN the herd are
usually the least profitable.
The quality of the salt has much to
do with the finish of prime butter.
Sometimes butter is worked until
what was a fair article is turned into
grease
The whole of the cream should be well
stirred every time that fresh cream is
added.
In order that the butter may have
good flavor, the milk and cream should
be removed as far from the odors of the
kitchen as possible.
a good COW, when in milking order, is
neither fieshy nor scrawny but in good
thrifty condition, converting her food
into milk rather than flesh
Be sure that all the fences are up and
strong. 1t will prevent the cattle from
getting bad habits impossible to cure,
and, perhaps an expensive lawsuit.
To mend holes in the milk pans. make
the hole larger by inserting a fork
tine, which will make the edge rough
SO it will hold shot in place, then pound
fat with hammer, resting the pan on a
fatiron.-Rural World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
SHADED HIGHWAYS.

Trees Add Beauty and Comfort to Every
Country Road.
During these hot summer days is
when the traveller on dusty, treeIess
highway signs for "some boundless
contiguity of shade" or at least for
good roads bordered by trees whose
sheltering boughs would offer some pro-
lection against the.r rays of the celestial
scorcher, the sun.
Trees add more than beauty to a
country highway, although that feat
ure alone should be sufficient incen-
tive to insure their presence But they
are comforting, well, and their shade
helps to retain degree of moisture that
retards the making of dust.
The usual highway should be made
beautiful and comfortable as well.
Every negligent highway commissioner
should be compelled to ride wheel
along a sun-blistered road, or, better
yet, be harnessed to a load, as is the
poor, dumb horse This would bring
him to a realization of the fact that a
little shade along the road is good and
gracious thing.
Make the highway beautiful.-Good
Roads.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
THE FARMING WORLD.
THE GARDENERS SONG.

oh! a gardeners life is as pleasant a life
AS workingman's can be:
IT'S a glad pursuit to plant the root.
And nurse the flower and tree
His life is set to ceaseless song.
Sweeter than poet can sing,
warbled in notes from the feather'd threats
OF the birds. from summer to spring
And doth he not make the widest brake
Gay as a conQueror's feetf
For his strong right hand Is the magic
wand
That brings fresh flowers to our feet.
with a sneer or a frown a man may look
Upon many ignoble trades;
But purple and pride even dare not deride
The work of the king of spades.
The oldest craft known he claims as his
own,
The only work Heaven thought well
Should be done by q man ere q trouble be-
gan,
Or the grand old gardener fell.
Then the men of the spade should be proud
OF their trade,
Invading crowded mart.
Whose daily toll gives wealth to the soil.
And 10y to the home and heart.
Gardeners Magazine.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
Success. In Peach growing.

J. H. Hale, one of the greatest peach
growers of the United States, in speak
ing of the manner in which he makes a
success of the business. is reported as
say ing that the trees saust be thinned
by hand. He puts stepladders under
the trees and puts boys ON them whose
bump of destructiveness is large and
tells them to go ahead. He begins when
the peaches are three-quarters of IN
inch in diameter. and takes everJ thing
that is curculio-stung and diseased.
These he carts away and burns. The
rest that are taken off are dropped on
the ground and left there. = Rui al
World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
Yield of cheese from nr,1k.

With ordinary milk the yield is about
rs pounds of cured cheese for each
pound of butter fat in the milk. The
per cent of butter fat in different mill1s
very nearly determines their relative
values for cheese making. Prof. Van
Slyke, of New York, found by a series of
careful experiments that with milk
ranging from "a per cent to "A per
cent, the amount to each pound of but
ter fat was 2-72 pounds of green cheese,
or rs pounds cured five weeks. 1t was
found that per cent milk made but "a
pounds of cured cheese for each pound
OF butter fat, but the better quality of
the cheese from the richer milk was
thought to compensate for the slight
difference in quantity. It will be seen
that 100 pounds of per cent. milk made
10 pounds of cheese and 100 pounds of 5
per cent. milk made IL pounds of cheese.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
GARDEN AND ORCHARD.

In growing fruit and vegetables if
large size is desired do not overcrowd,
but give each plant and specimen plenty
of room.
Most varieties of pears are finer in
flavor if they are picked and ripened in
the house rather than left ON the
tree until fully ripe.
Sudden and severe pruning, such as
taking off large quantity of wood in a
single season, is apt to ruin the fruit
crop of the next season.
One rule in pruning should be to thin
out every year all the old exhausted
wood. all weak, young shoots and all
that cannot reach full light.
The best and most profitable pruning
of raspberries and blackberries can be
done now by pinching the young canes
back to not over three feet high I'm
necessary growth of wood is made at
the expense of fruit.
The sprouts growing around the bark
of fruit trees, even allowing that they
do no great harm, are at the least un-
slightly and should be removed without
delay. Now is n good time for doing
work of this kind
In the orchard and for all kinds of
fruit phosphate and potash manures
give the best results.-St. Louis Repub-
lie.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
WORKING THE ROADS.

Some OF the Mistakes Made Where the
Old system Prevails.
A good many of our readers will be
warned out by the supervisor to work
the roads. In some cases it will be go
ing through the form mainly, or play
ing work the roads; in others there will
be good deal of work done. Much
of this good work done is spoiled by
reason of the Incompetence of the SUI
pervisors. We have seen roads rendered
impossible almost all summer by the
lack of a little of the know-how on the
part of the man who was bossiEg the
job. Where dirt is piled into the mid
die of the road with pillow and scraper,
it is folly to fail to use the harrow. If
the harrow is not used, and used thor
oughly, the result will be that the road
will be full of holes for months to come.
When thresher wishes a first-class
track for his horses, he selects ground
that has been plowed and thoroughly
narrowed. He knows that this will
tramp down smooth and hard. Fresh
ly plowed ground or pile of fresh dirt
contains large Jumps and many com
paratively open spaces, and when travel
comes on it without being sufficiently
pulverized, it makes the very worst kind
of a road. Therefore, before leaving
the road, harrow the fill thoroughly
and completely and thus prepare good
highway-Wallace's Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
PERISHABLE PRODUCE.

In Australia Butter Is Now Packed in
Plaster of Paris.
There seems to be no limit to the in.
genuity bestowed upon the devising OF
means for accomplishing the transport
of the perishable produce of distant
chimes to the English market. A new
method, described in the Australasian.
is that of packing butter in box made
of Six sheets of ordinary glass, all the
edges being covered over with gummed
paper. The glass box is enveloped in a
layer of plaster of paris, a quarter of an
inch thick, and this is covered with
specially prepared paper. The plaster
being bad conductor of heat, the tenn
perature inside the Theoretically sealed
receptacle remains constant, being I'M
affected by external changes. The cost
of packing is about one pence per pound
Butter packed in the way described at
Melbourne has been sent across the seq
to South Africa, and when the case was
opened at Kimberley, 700 miles from
Cape Town, the butter was found to be
as sound as when it left the factory in
Victoria. Cases are now made to hold as
much as two hundredweight of butter,
and 40 hands, mostly boys and girls, are
occupied in making the glass receptacles
and covering them with plaster. The
top, or lid, however, is put on by a
simple mechanical arrangement, and is
removed by the purchaser equally east.
ly. a saving of 25 per cent. on freight
and packing is claimed in comparison
with the cost of frozen butter carried in
the usual way.-Scientific American.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29

can be kept tight, and as shrinilage
progresses the slack can be taken up.
If when the silo is filled the moisture
causes the slaves to swell, we may loos-
en- the nuts and prevent anything from
breaking.
To hold the slaves in place during
the summer when the silo may be emp
ty, one may use large staples, such as
are employed in the construction of
barb-wire fence. These staples should
be driven in Sc that they will overlap
the crack, one prong being inserted in
one stave, the other prong being in
serted in the adjoining stave. By this
simple method. when the silo dries out,
the slaves will be held firmly in place,
and there will be no danger of the silo
falling to pieces.
The doors may be constructed in the
following manner: Pieces similar to
the felly of wagon wheel are nailed to
the outside of the silo between the
bands, then with a saw set at a level
the door is sawed out so that it can be
removed only from the inside. \ space
three feet wide will usually be found
large enough for the door. The cut
made by the saw at each end will per-
NIT the insertion of piece of tarred
paper when the door is put in place.
The sides of the door may be planed
off slightly so that paper may be put in
to make the opening alright. All the
doors needed would probably be Sc
cured by cutting out the space between
every second hoop.
A silo 30 feet high and 20 feet in diam
eter would hold about 1SS tons of en-
silage. We usually deduct one-tenth
to make allowance for settling and
waste. From 20 to 30 pounds of ensil-
age per day is the quantity fed to a cow
The silo described in this article was
set up in one day by two men. 1t is in
expensive and efficient, and we know of
no better or more economical way of
constructing one in barn than in the
manner above described. = Country
Gentleman.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
a slLo IN A BARN.
The Ono Here Described Is inexpensive
and Efficient.


The Ono Here Described Is inexpensive
and Efficient.
One of the simplest and best con-
structed slices built In barn was CIR
cular in shape and built of pine slaves
six inches wide and two inches thick.
which had been beveled at the mill for
the purpose
The foundation was made OF concrete
and upon this the slaves were set. The
circular form was obtained by simply
mailing barrel slaves on the outside to
hold them in place until the hoops could
be put on The use of barrel slaves in
this manner saved the making OF q
frame around which to build the silo-
The hoops or bands should be made
of galvanized iron, the size being about
one-half inch in diameter, and these:
should be put on at distance of three
to three and a half feet apart, one being
placed within IS inches of the top and
bottom of the silo-
The method of keeping these bands
tight and of taking up the slack due
to the shrinkage of the slaves is very
simple and good one. Pieces of we'll
seasoned oak, four by four inches by
about four feet long, have holes oored
through them for the insertion of the
hoops. Large nuts with washers are
put on the ends of the hoops and then
by simply Tightening these nuts the silo
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
FARM AND GARDEN.
DRAINAGE OF ROADS.


It Il the Basis of All Permanent High
way Improvement
Water is a great destroyer Of dirt
roadS and drainage is especially I'M
portant in the proper making and keep
ing of the dirt roads, because the ma
terial of the roadway is more suscel'-
tible to the action of the water and more
easily destroyed than any other high
way material used in the construction
of roads by more elaborate methods.
Side bitches are provided for country
roads in most cases, but common ex-
oerience shows how imperfectly these
are made, and how inadequate even the
best side drains are to relieve the road
from it's soggy, impossible condition
Nothing brings relief except the slow
process of evaporation, and even when
q road is dried by the sun and wind it
is generally left in a rough, rutty con-
dition," SO says Drainage Journal.
Glow should a dirt road be drained?
A column might be written upon this
question alone, for, more than any
other, it affects the maintenance of
thousands of miles of dirt roads now in
constant use, besides being an impor-
tant consideration in the construction
of new roads. When water falls upon
1irt road we aim to carry it off either
by giving the surface of the road slope
TO one side or the other, both, or by un-
der-drainage, in which the water, fail
ing to escape by running from the sur
face to the side bitches, is drawn into
permanent drain, generally laid length
wise with the roadway and beneath it,
and so made as to carry the wafer to
some adjacent outlet. Let us consider
these matters separately. Most dirt
roads have an obstinate tendency to
hold water. You may scrape one of
these roads into the form of a nicely
graded surface and roll it as hard IS you
please, only to find that the softening
influences of the first rainstorm will
permit the wheels of the first loaded
wagon passing over it to make more or
less of a depression. This depression
| serves to hold the water, and in this
manner the bottom of it is softened
| and made susceptible when the next
wheel comes along, and SO the depres-
sion is deepened into an actual rut.
have never yet seen a dirt road which
| offered a permanent and sufficient
| drainage by side open bitches during
the wet seasons of the year. These
| bitches are often carelessly graded and
| always carelessly kept, being generally
| left to clear themselves, and so neglect
ed that they become INSTRUCTED by
| washings from the road surface and in
| other ways. What kind of drains shall
we use? The ordinary drain tile used
| in farm drainage will be found 20 an
| swer an excellent purpose and should
| be used wherever the question of ex-
pense will permit.
''The drainage of highways should be
recognized as the basis of permanent
| subsoil get wet and spongy. The lay
| ing of two lines of tile, one on each side
of the travelway. inside of the water
bitches, will prevent the water from
percolating through the soil under the
roadway and secure firm travelway.'
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
Mnkinx the Coz CnmfortahIe.

To give comfort to the cow and pre-
vent the annoyance of her tail switch
ing in your face or about your head
while milking, make big sack open at
one end and one side. Before beginning
milking draw it over the cow so that the
closed end will hold her tail down be
tween her legs She may not like it at
first, but when she finds there are NO
flies to brush on or to knock on with
her head she will enjoy the innovation.
When through take hold of the end Oh
corner that is up near her horns and
strip it of with one hand. It is ready
then for the next COW to be MIXED. The
blanket OF sack may be made of any old
sacking.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-08-29
THE CUCUMBER WORM.

A Parasite. That Does Much Damage and
Is Hard to Fight.
Larvae of the neat cucumber worm
may be found by the wholesale in some
gardens, running pickles or cucumbers.
The larva is easily recognizable; it is
about one inch long and of yellowish
white color with a greenish tinge. On
each segment are few slightly elevated
shining dots, from each of which fine
hair issues. The head of the larva is
yellow with brown margin. The illus
tration herewith represents the cucum-
Der as affected; the larvae generally be-
gin to appear about the middle of July
and continue their depredations until
late in September, feeding on the flesh
of the cucumber, rendering it unfit for
use, and causing premature decay
Often several specimens are found on a
single cucumber. When mature the