The daily morning journal and courier., 1896-10-19
THE REGICIDE JUDGES
tcontinued from Ninth page.)

timation that the question of the church might soon become the leading factor in the great struggle.
 For the first time we hear of Whalley as Q captain in the first regiment raised by Cromwell, to whose command he was soon promoted. He had for his chaplain Richard Baxter. the author of the Saints Everlasting Rest" So largely did the religious element enter into the motives that led to the enlistment of these troopers of Whalley that 1t was proposed that the regiment should form itself into an independent church, of which Baxter should be the pastor, and which failed only through his re- fusal to entertain the proposal. AL though Clarendon calls Whalley man of rough and brutal manners, though possessed of great courage, Baxter, who remained loyal to the person of the king, yet speaks of him habitually in terms of high commendation, and even dedicated to him one of his nu- merous works. When the wavering fortunes of the parliament made it necessary to call in the aid of Scotch auxiliaries, that aid was given only on COllulslOH OL lAS 1CCcEplilSS ny poAAiet ment of the Scottish league and cove- nant which provided for the extermi- nation of Episcopacy and the substitu- tion, in its place of an exclusive and intollerant Presbytery. Chiefly through the efforts of a former govern or of Massachusetts, Sir Henry Vane, largely aided by the counsel of Roger Williams, the first governor of Rhode Island, the wording of the covenant was so modified as to make it's accept ancs possible by those who were striv- ing for liberty Of conscience and detest- ed alike the into!lorance of Laud and intolerance of Knox Cromwell de- ciared that he had rather Mahommed nnism were permitted than that one of Gods children should be persecuted. The acceptance of the league and cove nant by the parliament was the final step in changing the object of the con- test from an end that was chiefly civil to one that was mainly religious.
 During the years which followed, spent in alternate conflicts and in fruitlesss attempts to find some ground Of compromise, we find Whalley every where, from the borders of Scotland in the north, to Cornwall in the south, from Suffolk in the east to the borders of Wales in the west, busy in contests in the open fields or in bombarding cas- ties or laying siege to cities charging triumphantly the troops of Prince Ru pert, and Goring, the most dashing of the royal commanders, and everywhere justifying the confidence reposed in him by his great leader.
 As the war went on, the civil ends for which the war was begun, was wholly lost sight of and became changed into an ecclesiastical strife between the three great parties into which England was divided-the ad- herents to the liturgical church as es- tahlished by law, the disciples of John Kliox, who had solemnly covenanted to tolerate no departure from the rigid government of Presbytery and what were called sectaries of every name Independents, anabaptists, millinari- ans, and many other sects whose chief bond of union was the demand for ab- solute liberty of worship. The strength and influence of the later was greatly aided by the promotion of Cromwell
 
 armies of the parliament into whom he gradually infused his own spirit.
 By the two decisive battles of Mars ton moor and Naseby the cause of the crown became hopeless, except through some possible compact either with Presbyterfans or independents. In the desperate condition to which the king was now reduced, no better course seemed open to him than to throw him. self upon the chances of returning loy alty on the part of his Scottish sub- jects. The one condition demanded of him was the acceptance of the cove nant. This he steadily refused As the Scots had no use for an uncove- nanted king, he was soon surrendered to the English parliament in consider ation of the payment of large arrears due the Scottish army, and was sent in kind of honorable captivity to one of his country seats called Holmby where fresh negotiations as fruitless as all which had preceded were carried on. These negotiations were rudely stopped by the sudden appearance of a cornet of Whalley's regiment at the head of several hundred troopers, per- emptoriIy insisting that the king should be removed to the guardianship of the army. Tired of his restraints with Presbytsrians he consented to ac- company Cornet Joyce to the camp ot Fairfax who disavowed all knowledge of the transaction and offered, through Whalley, to return the king to Holnby This was refused, as his royal status was now recognized by the presence ot his friends, the ministrations of his chapIains and the personal service tc which he had been accustomed as g sovereign. For five months his watct and care was committed to Whalley Wherever the army moved Charles moved with them, lacking none of the observances customary to monarchs except that Whalley was made re. sponsible for his safe custody. After two months he was carried by Whalley to Hampton court, where he was al. lowed the freest intercourse with his own adherents, with the Scotch com. 1nissioners, with the Presbyterian members of the parliament and witt the leading officers of the army now largely composed of so-called sectaries Here for the next three months the business of the king was mainly tc coEciliate all parties. He had ire quent interviews with Cromwell an6 Ireton, receiving their wives and the