davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

to ma Sf eturie IS your goods and supply
His answer was: "We want the Amer
lean market. 1t is the greatest market
In the world and during the time the
Mckinley bill was a law our manufac-
turers were quite paralyzed."
There was exported from Bradford
during the last nine months of the ex-
istence of the Mckinley law $4.47S,000
worth of goods. This was from January
/. 1894, to September 30, 1894. During
the corresponding period of the following
Der 80, 1850, under the Wilson bill,
the exports from Bradford amounted to
sd, i'll 900. Five times as much under
the Wilson bill as under the Mckinley
bill. The total exports for the year 1895
from Bradford amounted to $27 ,745,O 600
These exports include thirty-seven items,
| but consist chiefly of card clothing, cot
hosiery, stuffed goods, worsted goods
| yarns, silks, etc.
Mr.. Meeker, United States consul al
| Bradford, furnished me these statistics
which were taken from his reports to the
| state department.
We manufacture similar goods il
| America, but on account of the Wilson
tariff bill we have been deprived of thu
| chance to manufacture them, and TIT
money which should have been paid t
our own working people has been paiC
to the Iaboring people of Great Britain
Our chimneys have ceased smoking
while theirs are in full blast. Gu
working people are idle and deprived o
living on account of this iniquitous
free trade, Wilson tariff.
Business Thrives in Birmingham.
I left Bradford on August "a for Biz
mingham, passing through Leeds an'
| works
in full blast Not only in these places
but all over England, this line of in
dustry is prospecting. And the factorie
are running full time, and the create
part of their product is shipped to tn
United States. And while their work
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

the working people and comparing their
wages with those of Americans. Four
years ago l made q second visit for the
same purpose and on August II, 1896, l
left New York, for the third time, to
make another investigation. l arrived
in Manchester on August 20 and there
began my investigation, where / found
more restitution than l had ever seen
In any other city.
The "Cesspool" of Manchester.
Standing, looking up Angel meadow,
q graveyard OIL the left and behind one
of the worst courts in Great Britain,
public houses of course, and all around
population struggling in the ocean of
moral and social degradation, it has
been called the "cesspool&f Manches-
ter" Its history is.-a.- -vriainous
xila uaaiaawP4g9ftfiated, undraH IA, corrupt.
reeEing with smells, utterly infamous
and sickening both to body and mind
oil this within few minutes walk of
the Queens hotel. the Exchange and
railway stations.
There are scores of rooms furnished
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

This "court" was horseshoe pattern
and contained 8 houses-1S dwellings,
IS on one side and on the other, and
these three closets were all there was
for this whole court"
Board and Lodging.
These novels are inspected by the poc
lice. l found a certificate in the nan Oh
one of them dated March %, 1888, ana
signed "a. T. Wood, chief police super,
intendent." These certificates are signed
at his office, and probably he never WIS.,
it's the places.
One man told me he had for his break
fast bread and butter and tea-no meat
and for his dinner bread and bacon
but meat was a luxury he could not az
ford. The tenants focked around me py
the dozen in Millers court. would
have been glad to have taken some pho,,,
tographs of these scenes and courts,
but the weather was too cloudy Tor any
satisfactory results.
Il passed from this court TO announcer
and, going to a door, | asked, IVY ha'
do you do for living" The man there
answered, Il take in dodgers.
What do you charge" "Fourpenc(
g cents per night or sevenpence ia
cents a couple" CThe man saw there
were two of u.s.
Passing on, we came to the largest o.
it's kind. containing 395 beds. On the
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

two) and he told me it was his wife,
wbo was very sick. All around were
signs of poverty. 1t was not tit for nu-
man beings. 1t made me chill with
pity as looked on this terrible scene; a.
Going through little court about loA
10 feet. in the rear of this house, cant
to the shop where one OF ms uaush'eA
makes chain with another woman,
asked her name and she told me CARA
Boxley. Her age is y years.
She has been making chain for n We
vears and receives from S1.75 TO Sz.Io
n week for her work. She MAKES 90 NJ c.
eighths inch chain and is paid Si.oz Ior
IT, pounds. For breakfast sne mas
bread and butter and tea and some'iG mes
a piece of bacon. She toiu me rrin q
| worried from 7 o'clock in the morning
until Z in the evening; that the only rea-
| son she staid there was because sne
| could not save enough money to pay her
| fare away from the town. .oa
| The buildings look as if they had stoou
for centuries, and as | passed thTousn
| the little court leading into the nous
houses | counted fifteen little children
from 9 to 6 years of age playing TO
pether in all the filth that could sur
round a blacksmith shop in this district
Across the alley was another shop wher'
another daughter was making chaln
She is married, has one child ana naAe'
$216 per week.
She has been making chain for invent!
wears, having commenced when she, wa
IL years old. Her husband, a chain
maker also, earns from So to $500
week.
Mrs. Polly Fowkes has four daugh
tiers making chain. She, is "a years oil;
and has made chain since she was
years of age, but is now too old to Worl
at it any more; Each Of tn the daug SdeE
They live in little old house, witt
stone flooring. Here they cook and e, ca
and live in the same room all huddle'
together. The girls are. very smart a
the forge. l set five girls to work Il
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

the blacksmith shop. They worked 80
minutes and made me IA pounds of
three-eighths chain. Each piece was
over two feet long, and they worked like
beavers to see who could make the long,
est piece. They work ten hours a day.
gave them shilling apiece when they
all came into the room, and | asked
them how long it would take to earn
that amount, They replied, 1T would
take more than a day. Ito earn 25
cents. l thought. Miserable Englandw
Women Coal Miners.
l did not visit Wigan this time (as I
have done twice before) but there is no
change in labor there; the poorhouses
which described and reproduced in 1892
still stand. 1t is a pitiful sight to wit
ness the poor women there, half starved
and half clad, wheeling coal on the top
or the pits for the small pittance of
4O to 90 cents for ten hours work. l
reproduce here a cut of the shoes that
are worn by the women in these dis.
trlcts, heavy clogs with big nails in the
bottom
The situation has not changed vet, As
long as there is coal in the pit there will
be women to wheel it. At one time this
class lived and had their families IN the
coal mines, but Parliament prohibited
this, and now they do the wheeling on
the top of the pits. With this cheap
labor no wonder coal is cheap in this
country. This coal is used on the very
steamers and vessels which carry Eng
lands free trade labor product to Ameri-
ca to compete with our labor and manu-
features
Charles L. Snowden of Brownsville
Pa, writes me: 1--WE pay our miners 10
cents per ton, or $500 per 100 bushels
(76 pounds to the busheD. One man can
put from $50 to 200 bushels per day
and can earn from So to 81 daily. There
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

with table, chair, thing called a
bed and few pots, These rooms are
sublet for Is cents a night for two
size II by Nowhere people eat, cook
and sleep. | entered some of these
houses-if such a name could be given
to the novels saw-and in one l asked
$40 you rent this?" EYES," was the
What do you pay for it?" -Four and
six (S1.0S) a week."
Have you the whole house," "No,
sir; only this room" (Size II by 1OJ
do you sleep in hereT' Eyes, sir;
we sleeps, eats, cooks and everything
here"
you have room above-up the
stairs" mo, sir; that's another par
tvs"
Can I GO. .upT' eyes, I dare say he
will let YOU"
Before l go up I would like to ask,
What do YOU do for livingY" MY
husband sells sandstone, sand and blue
mole, or he gives the stone and gets
rags, bottles, bones or old iron for
them"
What does he earn In a week."
AT this question the woman smiled.
swell, 1t depends sometimes more,
sometimes less. One day perhaps a shil-
ling "a cents, another day l and G
toO cents anu so on"
should say here that the agent finds
the pots. pans, bed and fire, such as
they are, for ! will not attempt to de-
scribe them. This l will say-no dog
of mine should ever be allowed to sleep
on what Is called bed IN those places
The whole outfit was not worth 10
gents.
"Have you back yard" "No, sir"
"Where Is your closet, then?"
..'rhere, sir" pointing to three closets
IN tho street.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

are occupied by poor people from the
Sums. l was informed that many sat
there the whole night, so I arose early
the next morning and went across to the
seats and found that 80, II of whom
We're women, one with a child, had sat
there all night because they had not the
necessary cents for q bed.
The trade of Manchester is very much
depressed at present-awaiting the pres
dental election in the United States.
Ihe merchants of the United States are
making very small purchases now, be-
cause they fear new tariff bill and
because American consumption is less
ened through the idleness of the people
and their inability to buy. The manu-
1acturers and shippers here do not want
any change in the present American
tarltt. But they say they would rather
nave MCKINLEY for President than Bry-
an, for If Bryan is elected and silver
Standard declared in the United States,
they cannot sell their goods at all to
America, Yet they despise Mckinley
Ior. as the London Times stated a few
DAYS ago, his infamous tariff BILL"
Trade Paralysis in Bradford.
Leaving Manchester, 1 visited Brad
ford, which is the largest WOODEN and
world. Trade is paralyzed there as far
as United States shipments are CON
cerned at present. The manufacturers
are awaiting the election of the Presi-
dent of the United States, to know
whether he will be free trader or a pro
tectionist. The merchants are very much
agitated on this account-for they can
get but few orders from the United
States. l said to one of them: "You
have now the whole British empire tin
Guiding Indial, with population of al
most $50, 100000 controlled by her ma es-
ty, to supply; why are you not satisfied
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

men. His name is Wildemouth. He
lodges 391 persons in his house every
night. His rooms are by 6 feet and he
receives II cents per night for each Of
these rooms.
| went from there to Commercial street
Tin WhitechapeD where l saw a place
called the Victoria home (kept in the
same manner as the one on Osborne
street,, where the rOomers pay from 3
to II cents per night. Then l went
through the thickest part of Whitechapel
an alley called Petticoat lane. The
meat hanging in the stores and Oh the
sidewalks was so filthy that it sickened
me and | could not tarry long enough to
even ask the price of it. l asked the
price of herrings-1 cent each. Bread
was 1 cent a loaf, and it was hard look
ing bread; potatoes one-half cent q
pound; onions one-half cent Il pound; 3
pounds of carrots for 2 cents. Such a
filthy trading market would disgust a
stole. They live in filth, breed i'll filth
and die in filth. knowing nothing else.
The Casual Ward"
Then l went to a public institution
known as a casual ward, the same one
| visited eight years ago. | found it
lust as it was in 1888. The keeper, or
guardian, told me this ward had been
in existence for more thai thiauH -
IL Is public places and are really
poorhouses. If man has no money, ht
can go there and apply for admittance
which he gets if the place is not already
| filed. When received, they are kept il
confinement for two nights and one day
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

England for each person taken from
reports published by Parliament is about
$3.50, a difference in favor of America
of sos per capita. Now there are thou
sands of people in England who do not
receive one-half this $3.50. We pay our
angle iron smiths So per cent. more than
they are paid in England; our black
smiths, 1O2 per cent. more; our boiler
makers, Al per cent. more; our brick
layers, 125 per cent. more; our boiler
shop helpers, 95 per cent. more; our
carpenters, 165 per cent. more; our con-
ductors ION express trains), 349 per cent.
more; our locomotive engineers, III per
cent. more; our police, 26O per cent.
more: our telegraph operators, loo per
cent. more; our train dispatchers, $40
per cent more, and our common labor
ers, 15S per cent. more. The difference
in all classes Of labor. is the same az
these examples / mention.
The engineers who run the fastest ex-
press trains on the road in England get
but $1,000 per week for ten hours per
day. The fremen get 1892 per week or
9S cents per day. The guards (who
correspond with our conductors get
from $50 to $672 per week. The por-
ters I'VE esll them brakemen) get $4.56
ner week. This is SAMPLE af utIha6Na
Of EnSlSh- 1siEWEI1|B I ,!4enS ,eco;yo
4lo0 per week, our conductors 500
and our brakeman S13. We pay more
/ than doahkS the wages paid in England,
where. railroad fare is higher and the
coal cheaper than in America.
! The following table of wages answers
all the free-trade fallacies of the Demo-
cratic party and cannot be disputed:
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

One pauper to every 81 persons. Twenty
eight paupers to every 1000 persons.
annually. .................... .S57, S25, ATS
the royal family. 'n . a...n $1,000, no
and his secretaries. ...i........ $4,000
The population of the British empire,
including India and the colonies, is 346.-
100000. There are 50 colonies and 40
distinct governments.
Life in London.
/ arrived in London August %, and
made visit to Whitechapel. / visited
lodging house on Osborne street.
asked for the proprietor and was intro
duced to him. They call him "the gov
ernor" to distinguish him from other
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

There are $40 friendly societies Of
trades unions in Great Britain with
membership of 1,043,O00 taken from re,
of these societies are located in London
and include some of the trades enumer-
ated in the Booth table. The societies
control the wages of their various trades,
and were it not for the stand they take
their wages would be reduced by the
manufacturer to q lower standard than
thew are at present, which is less than
one-half of what is paid in America.
Higher Wages in America.
Our last census report of 1890 gave
us 4.712622 people employed in manu-
featuring, the average yearly earning Of
each person being $4SS. The average in
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

are running full time our people are idle.
Today the goods that are being made in
Leeds and in Sheffield would, were it not
for the Wilson bill, be made in the
United States.
l spent a day in Birmingham, which
is another thriving and prosperous manu-
featuring center. Here also the people
are very DESTROYS that no change be
made in the present American tariff
schedule which would result in depriving
them of our market for their goods.
The British Chain Gang.
After leaving here I went to CradIey
Heath-amOng the women chainmakers
and women blacksmiths-to witness the
misery there which l had visited in
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

1888 and in 1892. There are women
there by the thousands who make chain
for living in old, low buildings adjoin-
ing their houses.
One man, William Boxley, said he
was So years old and earned 60 cents a
day as a laborer, when he could work.
He has FIVE daughters and five sons.
Three of this daughters are chainmakers
and one works in a brickyard, carrying
brick. | went into his house. On the
lower floor was 4 room with q stone
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

FREE TRADE MISERY.
Nathaniel Mckay Tells of His Tour
Through British Manufac-
turing Centers.
PEEP AT POVERTY IN LONDON,
Working Women at Masculine Labor
Stern Facts for Our Wage
Farmers
PEEP AT POVERTY IN LONDON,

Free-trade slavery still exists in the
British empire Notwithstanding the, re-
duction of the American tariff, which
benefits the English manufacturer, but
does not reach the British workman.
Eight years ago l visited England for
the purpose Of studying the condition of
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

floor and an old-fashioned fireplace
coal in the middle. Back of this was a
little space for washroom where there
is room for only one person. In the front
room all the cooking is done and it is
also used for living room and dining
room. Upstairs is a room Sx12 feet.
AS l entered here l noticed woman
lying on one of the beds there were
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
Wealth and Poverty Mixed

-tees, Ddt to examine into the exact con-
dition | find quite the reverse. Thou
sands of these people live ON alcohol.
When they earn any money, it goes for
alcohol chiefly.
Coming back to my hotel, the Queens,
facing one of the finest streets in Man
chester is the Royal intirmary. ali along
the front of which there are seats which
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

ground floor of this clearinghouse is a
large room for the men to sit in. The
kitchen below contained Il large closed
cooking range which was red hot, and
the odor of the cooking going on made 1t
anything but enviable to be in. The lodg-
ers all cook for themselves and have a
not not ' very u particular as to how many diff,
ferent things are cooked together in the
same pot. We went upstairs and saw
395 beds, which are let at three differ
ent prices-G s and II cents per night
The 12-cent lodger has a place boarded
off to himself-no water, no towel.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

are no poorhouses in Brownsville staring
these working people in the face. They
make from six to eight times the wages
of the poor people at Wigan. and there
are no women at wolk wheeling coal in
the United States.
Paupers in the British Empire.
Population of Great Britain and
Ireland. ..................... 1872, g2o
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
at the expiration of which time they are

at the expiration of which time they are
discharged.
Nobody is allowed to come to these
places more than once a month, and he
can stay no longer than the time pre-
scribed. The ward l visited accom-
modated fifty-fve men and thirty-two
women. The beds consist of q narrow
strip of canvas stretched like hammock
between two iron rods about foot from
the floor. The applicants are admitted
after 6 p. m. in the summer time and
after 4 p. IN. in the winter time. AS
soon as they are admitted they are given
a bath in one of the six baths in the
ward and their clothes are fumigated
and disinfected. After the bath they
have their supper of six ounces of bread
and pint of Cruel. For their bed they
are given three blankets. For breakfast
they receive the same food us for sup
per- For dinner, in addition to the bread
and Cruel. they are given l1a ounces of
cheese The total cost for caring for
these people during the period of their
confinement, including the five meals, is
8 cents each.
Advice to Americans.
Nv advice to every American working
man is as | have said before, to pro-
tect his own rights and the rights and
privileges of his family and not to fol-
low the whims, cries and falsehoods of
the free-trade politician who seeks to
have goods imported into the United
States which are made by cheap pauper
labor because he thinks the goods can be
sold cheaper than if they were made
in America.
If the wages of the American working
men are not reduced to the standard of
those in England, and the goods are not
made in America, he has no money
to purchase these cheap goods with. Be
ing deprived of work, where are they to
get their money to make their purchases
with?
Labor in London.
The following statistics are taken from
Rooth's Life and Labor of the People
Of I ,ondon," showing the number of peo-
ME employed in the various lines in the
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

"English stage drivers work 12 to 10 hours
a day; American, 10.
Cheapness will be still more dearly
bought by the American wage-earner if
we continue free-trade policy in Amer
lea.
l present this statement to the Repub-
lican national committee, free of charge,
and trust they will attend to the dis
tribution of it.
Nathaniel Mckay.
London, Sept. 4, 1896.
The Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.) 1829-current, 1896-06-04
r. II. MOODY. BELFAST.

At Probate Court held at Belfast, within and for
the County of Waldo on the second Tuesday of
May, A. d. 1896.
BENJAMIN f. PENDLETON, Administrator of
- the estate of PHINEAS PENDLETON late
of Searsport, in said County of Waldo, deceased,
having presented petition for license to sell, at
public or private SALE the whole of the real estate
of said deceased.
Ordered, That the said petitioner give notice to
all persons interested by causing copy of this
order to be published three weeks SUCCESSFULLY in
the Republican Journal, printed at Belfast, that
they may appear at Probate Court to be held
at Belfast within and for said County, on the
second Tueday of June next, at ten of the clock
before noon, and show cause, if any they have
why the prayer of said petitioner should not be
granted.
GEO. E. JOHNSON, Judge
true copy. Attest:
JERE'H D, PARKER, Register
The Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.) 1829-current, 1896-06-04
was never more divine than

opportunity was never more divine than
it is in this present hour.
What kindling there ought to be in
the hearts of us all, soldier and civilian,
young and old, ON this coming Memorial
Day, and with each recurring anniversary
through the years. We stand by the
graves of our martyred dead and strew
them with flowers. We think of the
great army of our heroes of faith, of
the many that are fallen asleep, of the
shattered and fast wasting remnant. Yer
lily are we encompassed by a great cloud
of witnesses, the testimony of match
less example! You who are left in mem
DRY of your own faith and love and
loyalty and that of your comrades
who have gone before, should still be
truest, noblest patriots, displaying in
ways of peaceful, loyal citizenship such
virtues as are won on the stirring field of
strife-courage, obedience, self mastery
and sacrifice. And we who have entered
into the heritage SO dearly purchased by
our sires-God pity us if we have not the
faith to subdue the kingdom of the evil
one and to work out the righteousness of
God.
The call to us all day is to be better
men. Would that our lives might be as
pure and as fragrant as these white spring
blossoms whose bloom is both memory
and prophecy.