The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-01-03
written for the CITIzEN.l

a genuine Ink between man anu TIC
apes had been discovered, has been sub
mitted to recent scientific meetings,
and its substantial character admitted
by even the most conservative ana
tomists. The remains were dug up IN
1892 from the banks of the Bengawan
River, in Java, where they were sur
rounded by the bones Of the hippopot-
anus, the hyena, several species of
deer, a gigantic pangolin, and other
animals. Among all these bones there
were four-a wisdom tooth, skull
cap, left femur. aud a second molar--
that undoubtedly represent an animal
hitherto unknown bS-ss 4bS sIongaa@@i ts
certain that the v,zAArsz,...,.9-'s..-.....S.,
one individual, ~ "a they were
scattered SO feet gravel. The
skull has twice tho g ternal capacity Of
any modern ape, but is small for
man of the size indicated by the femur;
the femur is decidedly human, and its
possessor must have walked erect, but
up to this time human remains have
never been found in lower pleistOcene
deposits; the teeth are larger than hui
man teeth, with development that
is Enthusiastically kimian. Pithec0n-
MrOpus erectts, as the animal is now
known, seems to be assigned by all to
place between existing man and
apes, but opinions differ as to whether
it was man-like ape or an ape-like
man.
Genuine photographs of images inn
pressed on the retina seem to have
been taken by Mr.. w. Ingles Rogers.
In the presence of three trustworthy
witnesses, he looked steadily at a pos
tage stamp in strong light one min
ute, then at Photographic plate in
non-actinic light twenty minutes. De-
velOpement gave picture in outline
or "psychogram," as it is to be called.
A contrivance for quickly stopping
machinery-as in case some person is
being drawn between cogs and rollers
has been devised by French cleo
trician. On touching one of series of
push-buttons placed at convenint
points, the power is shut off and pow
erful brake is applied to fiy-wheels. A
20 horsepower engine, working at 80
revolutions, was stopped in two-thirds
of a second.
In the Christmas holidays of 1894 a
new idea in University Extension
teaching was instituted by the Cornell
University, and, according to Prof. r.
III. Bailey, is destined to produce far
reaching and important results. An
Itinerant school of horticulture, devot-
ed t. the particular interests of the To-
callty, was opened for four days at
FIedonia, Chautauqua County, New
York This was the first school of its
kind, and has been followed ny about
"a dozen similar schools which have
been attended ny the most intelligent
men aud women of the rural commun-
tiles, and are producing All awakening
to rural needs that is described as al
most volcanic. Rural life is the life of
future, but it Is to be modified by the
progressive spirit of the age. 1t is of
interest to record that the program of
the first horticultural school included
observation lessons upon twigs, fruit
buds, seeds, leaves, and flowers and
fruits, with lectureS-Several of them
ilIustrated-upon plant growth, the
analysis of landscapes, the evolution of
plants and origin of varieties, the geo
logical history of soils, the chemistry
of the grape and of soils, the theory of
tiIlage and productivity of land, fungi
and commercial grape culture in Chau-
tanqua County.
The blood of the viper, Messrs. Phis-
aliX and Bertrand some time ago dis
covered, contains the same poison as
it's venom. These investigators, who
had supposed that the viper resists its
own stings because accustomed TO the
pois IN, have now made the additional
discovery that the blood not only con-
tains the poison but also substance
that neutTalizes it. Different temper
atures are required to destroy the two
substances. The poison disappears af-
ter the blood has been heated to
1859 f. for quarter of an hour, while
the anti-t0Xic substance remains; and
if a guinea pig Is inoculated with this
blood the animal not only survives,
but is made proof against an inocuIa-
ton of fresh viper's blood.
X X
When the wordy war is over, the
distinguished scientists of the three
great branches of the Anglo-Saxon
veal. Two or three months ago, Prof.
w. H. Hale suggested that the British,
American and Australasian Associa-
tons for the Advancement of Science
hold joint meeting at San Francisco
in 1896, and the plan has been favor
ably received.
Many thousand square miles of the
northwestern part of New South Wales
and the adjacent territory were once
covered by an inland sea, and are now
occupied by a cretaceous formation
that absorbs like a sponge the entire
drainage of the western side of the Ia
blelands, carrying the water in un-
known subterranean courses to the sea.
AS the annual rainfall is scanty. this
region is too dry for cultivation. In
1879 an attempt was made at Killara
station to get water by boring, and an
abundant artesian supply was tapped
at depth of 140 feet. In 1884 the De-
partment of Mines took up the work.
Its first bore struck small sun
ply of water at SO feet; and in Decent
her, 1894, it had completed 80 wells,
with in progress and % others loca-
ted, aud had failed but once to get
water. Of the 80 completed wells 20
yielded an artesian supply of over