davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The record-union., 1896-10-25

REDUCTION OF VACUUM BY AR
IIFIC1AL MEANS.-An important tube
Tor perfect X ray work designed by DR..
morton. When it was first noted that the
vacuum of a tube became raised to an i'm
practicable point, it was lowered by put
ing the tube in an oven and heating 1t to
400 or 500 degrees, or by boiling it in oil.
But the delay and trouble of doing this
may be avoided by the simple operation of
heating the tube in its working position by
aid OF a spirit lamp or a Bunsen burner.
For instance, the operator begins work
with a tube whose vacuum forces a six
inch spark to pass between the discharg-
ing rods of the coil. This may not leave
him enough margin of capacity in his
coil, SO he turns off the current and care
fully heats the tube with the flame of
spirit lamp. This must be done boldly and
yet carefully. The flame should be ample
and swayed across the bottom of the tube.
never resting in one place, until at last
then the lamp is withdrawn to distance
and the current turned on. If the sparks
still fly around the outside Of the tube the
heating must be continued
Finally there comes a moment when
upon turning on the current, it passes
through rather than outside of the tube,
and then ray work may begin. The am
ateur Will often have an exciting time
with his vacuum. Once lowered he may
sometimes keep it low by using a current
strength which keeps his platinum re
hector Qf focus tube is employed) red
hot.
But at last the point is reached when
even heating with a fame-so far as is
consistent with safety-fals to reduce the
vacuum, and again the tube is useless and
must be sent to be re-exhausted.
In using a spirit lamp one precaution
must be kept in mind; the alcohol will be
ignited if it is brought near to the tube
while the current is passing and an explo-
sion may occur. Again the vacuum may
be lowered in other ways in tubes espe-
Cially constructed for this purpose. One of
these ways is that described by Professor
Crookes many years ago. To the tube is
affixed small extension tube containing
a chemical salt, which upon being heated
by flame from the outside, throws out
more or less vapor.
Or as devised by DR.. Morton, an inside
carbon filament having outside electrodes
is mounted within the tube. Upon passing
current through the filament heat is pro-
duced, vapor thrown out, and the vacuum
lowered. See Fig. 52a. In this manner a
tube may be worked for long time and
the vacuum be adjusted according to cir
cumStanceS.
The record-union., 1896-10-25

laid upon a plate-holder, of coins within
purse, or even with pictures of the
hand (where a long exposure would be
an objection) a coil capable of giving
spark two inches in length will suffice
If, however, it is desired to obtain sue
cessful pictures of the hands, arms, feet
and lower portions of the legs, a coil
having a four-inch spark will be re-
quired. If, finally. he wishes to take a
picture of the shoulder, chest, abdomen,
hip or thighs, it is essential that he have
a coil with a spark length of eight or
ten inches. AS a summary of these re-
marks it may be said that for reasons
which will presently appear in relation
to the treatment of the Crookes tube,
coil giving an eight-inch spark will be
found to answer all purposes above
enumerated
This coil is fundamental piece of
apparatus, but there are a number of
accessories which must now be consid-
The record-union., 1896-10-25

others are speaking to the great pub
lie on this wonderfully interesting sub
ject through a timely contribution TO
popular scientific literature entitled
1.-The Y Ray; or, Photography or the
Invisible and It's Value in Surgery"
published by the American Technical
Book Company, 40 Vesey street The
work is by Dr. William ]. Morton. the
famous X ray expert, in collaboration
with e. w. Hammer, electrical engi-
neer.
The names of the authors are a guar
antee of the excellence of the work:
both gentlemen standing high in their
Individual professions.
Aside from his standing as one OF the
leaders in the medical profession. DIR.
Morton has been identified with Profess
sor Roentgen's discovery as one of the
earliest and most active experimenters
in this new field, and with the most
fully equipped X ray laboratory mas
justified all expectations by producing
q large number of the finest X ray pho
The record-union., 1896-10-25

just able to pass between the discharg
ing rods on the induction coil Will cease
to pass; 90 the vacuum tube heats up
more rapidly; and (4) the most import
ant of all, the actual production of X
rays in the Crookes tube notably di-
minishes. 1t would appear, therefore,
that both a condenser and a blower
should be used to produce the best X
ray work with high voltage current in
the primary.
The only other necessary apparatus
required in this connection are the
proper rheostats to govern the current
respectively supplied to the primary of
the induction coil, the motor which
drives the break wheel and the motor
which drives the blower.
The connection between the different
devices will be readily seen from an
The record-union., 1896-10-25

see. He was at first so convinced that
it was impossible to see through pine
board or mans body that he was in
clined to believe the whole x ray ex-
citement to be the product of the inn
agination. Like all who doubt, he must
see to believe. But when once he has
seen, he is naturally inclined to as
crfbe to the new agency powers which
it does not possess. 1t will be our effort
to point out the limitations as well as
the astonishing capabilities of the new
discovery.
Another Photographic idol will be
shattered when it is found that in the
The record-union., 1896-10-25

eras is enormous; the number who ex-
pect to some day own such apparatus
is still greater. 1t is a difficult matter
to meet a person who has not done more
or less with photography, and who has
not quite decided views as to which is
the best camera and which the best de-
veloper. In fact, the widespread knOwl-
edge of photography is, in large de-
gree, responsible for the universal in
terest and curiosity concerning the X
ray. The photographer has become so
accustomed 70 consider light" to be
an absolute requirement in his work
The record-union., 1896-10-25

in altering the direction of the primary
current is the necessary use of a double
break-wheel. 1t is therefore advised
that the direct current be used in the
primary circuit, interrupted by a break
wheel.
If the Edison current (supplied by a
dynamo of ITO volts) be used with
vibrator, it's platinum contact points
will speedily be ruined This will not
happen If the source is a battery of a
few primary or storage cells, as then
the voltage is quite low. But batteries
are quite expensive, and take up much
room and need constant recharging and
refilling.
On the other hand, If dynamo cur
The record-union., 1896-10-25

denser to control by watching the
spark On the whole, basing the opin-
ION on practical experience, it is almost
Impossible to get along without a blow
er when dynamo currents are used. To
demonstrate this in practical working
II the supply of air is temporarily cut
oil from the break wheel. these things
will occur: % A considerable length
ening of the spark on the break wheel
Will appear; CD spark previously
The record-union., 1896-10-25

photography of the invisible no cam
era is needed. How this smplifies mat
tcrs. Only a sensitive plate which can
be bought of any dealer, and a suitable
holder for the same are required. If you
have no camera and no dark room, no
developing utensils and no knowledge as
to the development Of negatives, you
may still take X ray pictures. If you
The record-union., 1896-10-25

through the hand, it will be seen by
the Horoscope that the bones cast
more shadow than the transparent
flesh and stand out in bold relief.
1t will be interesting to note that car
bon in any form-as diamond or as coal
or graphite-iS almost perfectly trans
The record-union., 1896-10-25

Fig. 36 is a Morton vacuum bulb fitted
with external electrodes of aluminium foil
devised in the first instance for use with
a Holtz or other influence machine, but
equally useful in connection with an in
duction coil The small aluminium cap A
is Cathode and concentrates the rays on
the opposite end of the bulb. The anode
+ is a cup of aluminium foil covering a
large proportion of the bulb as shown in
the sketch The innovation in this form
of bulb or tube lies in the fact that the
Cathode stream, it impinges on the
anode, apparently proceeds on its way in
the form of x rays: therefore this type
The record-union., 1896-10-25

examination of the diagram given in
Fig. t.
1t only remains to be said that the
break wheel in the combination of ap-
paratuS here described has eight
breaks, and is made to revolve 5000
times per minute, so that there are
$4,000 makes and breaks each minute.
The record-union., 1896-10-25

cred as necessary for an induction coil
outfit. 1t must be decided whether di-
rect or alternating current sources shall
be selected for the primary circuit. An
opinion has already been expressed that
the alternating current was not so eff
fective as direct current when derived
from a dynamo machine, but when bat
teries are used the chief Inconvenience
The record-union., 1896-10-25
unnatural process OF taking pictures in
the dark and of that which he cannot

sFrom advance sheets of THE X Ray:
or, Photography of the Invisible BY
special permission of the American Tech
nical Book Company. New York. Copy
righted 1896, by American Technical Book
Company.
The record-union., 1896-10-25
Out of Style.

He picked the bonnet up in haste.
knowing he had no time to waste;
And ran from store to home-a mile
For fear it would go out of style
The record-union., 1896-10-25
LOOKING INTO THE UNSEEN.
The X Ray Experiments Rapidly Reach
ing Perfection.


Wonderful Hospitals n Locating
Foreign Substances Human Frame-The Most
Investigations
Edison Lodge-A Valuable Work the Subjec
Has Made a ir in the
The record-union., 1896-10-25

The Horoscope enables the expert
menter to determine whether X rays are
being produced or not in the Crookes tube.
and if produced il ena bles him to decide
upon their degree of intensity. The fluor-
oscope is already an invaluable aid in sur
gical diagnosis. Foreign bodies, such a
bullets, needles, etc, may be located in
the flesh. fractures may be discovered or
distinguished from dislocations and the
organs of the body, like the heart, liver
and spleen, may be outlined. A sketch of
the Edison microscope is shown in Fig. 40
The record-union., 1896-10-25

Dominoes were introduced into France
and Italy about the middle of the last
century
The record-union., 1896-10-25

The game of draughts made its an
pearance in Europe, it is said, about 400
years ago.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-01-09
USEME NTS.

LAND OF THE MIDNIGHT SUN"
ms realistic spectacular mclo- drumo
VII pe presented nj the Academy OF
Muslc tomorrow Uriday) night The
Atlanta Commercial says:
Alter closing a successful Nccl,'s or
saEenent at the Columbia. Saturday
niSht n. Y Parsons company. pre-
sentins Land Of the Midnight sun was
transferred to the Grand yesterday and
gave his first production at that house
iaSt night before large and well pleas
ed audience.
Land of the Midnight sun Is n now.
eriul mclo-drama, founded upon Hail
Gaines Ersat novel. The Bondman.
Ihat thrilling story has been dr;,.nati2-
Ell In q mastery manner by Edwin Bar
ing play.
ne company is made up Of players
or ability. including the author, Mr.
Barbour, and M entirely satisfactory
performance Is the result. The audi
cnce last night was very enthusiastic nj
times, and showed It's apprclc iation by
FREQUENT and prolonged applause"
THE DAZZLIR."-Ncxt Monday
night only Cosgrove and Grants come,
dams in "rhe rnGZler'' will he seen at
the Academy Of Music. Although m an.
nual visitor To this city for IA numbc. of
years past. 'rhe DaZZler" las never
worn out its welcome. and this season
II is confidently anticipated that Il
will be received with lsnewcd fav0g.
The piece has been rewritten and the
story itself is now one OF the very clcv-
crest that Is in use for farce comedy piir.
poses. The list of names shows that the
company is quite up To its former
strength in that department. II not Il lii.
tie better than ever before. Entirely
rev wurdrobcs and muSir throughout
is promised. and with the success that
Messrs. GosGrovc and Grars have had
IN the past III hitting the popular taste
with their bright farce comedy. and e.,
pccialy pleasing performances may ~
expected next Monday evening. with
all these changes ANA additions for the
hrttpr
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-01-09
TO PUSH THE BILL
The Supply Men, Suh.Contractors and
Central Labor Union Take Action.
THEY WILL 60 TO RICHMOND TO-DAY
And Press Their Claims for the Pas.
sage OF the Mechanic.s Lien Law
a Committee Appointed 10 secure
F"ntis-A Petition to he Present.
Ell to the LcgIsIature.

JOINT meeting of the supply men,
suD-contracr:Ts, and Legislative Conn
Hlttee of the Central Labor Union
was held yesterday when q large
number of those interested in the NV
mechanics lien law were present. Mr..
Ben. L. Rosson presided After con.
s!ueiaEle discussion of the Eill and
methods to secure ITS passage Finance
committee. Consisting OF Mcssrs. Will
nam r. Dods2n and George w Bat
tieS, was appointed to secure funds to
defray the expenses of the Joint Com
mittee, which Will leave this afternoon
Tor Richmond. 4 petlti1gl TO the Legis-
lature, asking the enactment of the
measure. was read and accepted I'hc
meeting adjourned to reas,semblc to-day
mt II O'Clock. when the COMMITTEES from
the supply men and sub-cont,actors
VIII be announced
Ihe following petition, bearing the
Official seal and signatures of the rtii-
GERS OF Central Labor Union. was read
ana accepted to be duly presented to
the Legislature by the committees:
TO the General Assembly of the State
oi misunderstanding:
hhe Central Labor Union of South
eastern virginia. composed of repre-
Scntaiivcs from all the various ira dos
and labor organizations in this section
OF the State, including the cities of
Norfolk. Portsmouth, and Newport
News with the cooperation of similar
bodies in this Commonwealth. most re-
specially petition your honorable body
Tor favorable action upon the bill now
under consideration and in your hands
onttlcd An act to amend and re-enact
sections --- of Mechanics Liens. To
more e1ectually protect sub-cortract-
ors. In support OF which we submit:
'f'irst--Thut under the existing law
the wlTkingman has insufficient pro,ec-
n
under due process Of law. suffering
ooth directly aud Indirectly through
losses sustained by the sub-com: M tors.
VINO being unablcNo secure payment on
contract and supplies are naturally rift
times unable TO pay for labor perform
ed.
''Second-The present law has an cs
recially emcGalizing effect upon build
ing trades. wherein the sub-oontractor
being uIab to secure himself for work
Eer1',Tm"d and supplies furnished. Is
SLOW to make Contracts for structural
work which would otherwise be do.c
under a more favorable law. thereby
derriving large number OF men from
occurring p:2itah.r employment and
likewise adding &, She prosperity of
their re spa Give communities
Misunderstanding that IN era os great
commercial advancement is dawning
uNnn this Commonwealth. in which ali
thrifty citizens are TO share, and In
which the trades and Ia boring men de
sire 70 materially assist. we seek the
enactment of the above said law as
tending in great measure to bring
about this Growth Cf prosperity. feeling
assured THAT it will greatly stimulate
work In the lnes affected. whereby all
men win lie compelled To paw TO,
work t'urfcrmrd and Supplies furnish
ed. thus establishing n healthy condi-
ton of affairs"
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-01-09
THE SOUTHERN RAILWAY.
Tho t'te South cnroIininn's Seem TO Think
War IL Near.

The Charleston News and Courier of
iuesoay, In speaking OF the establish
nnteht or the terminus of the Southern
hallway at Norfolk, says:
u" exactly h.lw far-reaching NAV bn
us results no one can now say. 1T will
certainly be splendid thing for PIN
nefs Point and Norfolk. which is lust
ncrosS the river, and 1t will Just n.s
surely be a heavy blow to the Seaboard
Air Line system. With its own t,ains
running into Pinncr's Point the S,arthA
Elm will become Il direct competitor for
every pound of freight which the Sea
, board Air Line now hauls. OF course
ohe competition between the two sys-
TENS mas always boen very sharp but
the S-nthern, so long as its only termi-
nus on or near the Chesapeake Bay
was west Point, was heavily handicap
ped. Only one boat week sails from
West Point TO New York, while at
timers Point there Is ard;Lly service
TO New York. the same to Bc5tcn. and
three boats a week to Wilmington and
Philadelphia, via the Clyde Line. II
was the possession OF these advantage;
which has enabled the Seabrard Air
Line TO maintain itself in It's fight
against the Southern
Railroad men here think that the
Southern is going TO work It's new con-
nection for all that II Is worth, and that
1t Is possible that 1t may be utilized as
a means of crushing the life almost
out OF the SeabOard Air Line II does
not require much guessing to arrive at
the conclusion that the Seabcarti All
Line is going to lave a. harder time
or 1t than it ever had before. In actual
mileage II will still have 1, decided
advantage from Southwestern points TO
i'lnner's Point, but that fact cuts very
littln fiEurc In traffic these duys. The
southern Will now meet the Scnbnar d
at Atlanta on the latter systems own
terms and the Southern management
uoeS not pear any particular love for
that system.
some time ago there was Il good
aeai or talk about some combine hay
inE been formed between the AtInntic
coast Line ana the Southern, and tho
FORMER system was at some pains 10
contradict the report" II is NOT i'm
probable that this traffic ARRANGEMENT
was the combine" referred to-
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-01-09
WHERE is JOHN HUNT z.
The Police Trying Hard to Unfathom a
Very Deep Mystery.
He is SAID TO HAVE BEEN DROWNED.
a Mysterious Message From n Mysfer-
fous source Gives His Family n
Shock-The Police Cnn't r ind tho
Author-Snid TO Tie Unknown ut
tho Given Address,

The Virginian. few days ago, men
toned the fact that Chief or Fl:iice
King had received from Washington.
d. c., letter making inquiry for John
Hunt who was supposed to have been
drowned from the tug Lane in this
harbor. Chief King replied THAT ne
knew nothing about any such pers2n.
and that lie had received no infor1na-
ton of the drowning of Hunt. phe
address of the owners of the tug in
Richmond was sent, however. with In
structions H. communicate with r..A,t!
Yesterday Chief King received am
other letter which leads to the belief
that there Is a mystery somewhere I'm
connection with the disappclranc, of
the man. This letter is signed by
Charles Hunt. Il brother of the missing
man, who gives his address as No. los
= street. n. e.. Washington, d, c. In
the letter was enclosed q postal card
received fr,an someone in Norfolk who
signs himself w. j. Burrows, and gIvee
his address as No. % New Church sirac,
In which the family Is informed Of
the drowning OF John Hunt from tho
steamer Lane. telegram was All once
sent TO the address given in this clty
but II was returned with the inforna-
ton that there was no such street. and
no such party uould be found at No
"A Church street.
Upon receipt OF this letter Chief King.
seeing that something was wrong, de-
tailed officers to find out the where
about OF burrows and endeayor TO
earn something about Hunts where
abouts. In this they were not sue.
cessful. They did find. however. that
there was no truth whatever In the
drowning story and Chief King said
last night that he had learned that the
address of Burrows should have been
"a Fcnchurch street instead of New
Church street. He said that he had
learned that several other postnls of
similar character had been sent out
When n Virginian reporter called n;
"a Fenchurch street last night It was
denied that w. ]. Burrows lived there
or that he was known there Mt all.
John Hunt, the missing man, Is de-
scribed rs n tool sharpener and Is said
to have worked at a stone yard In
this city last summer. He Is five feet
eleven inches lin height. has brown
hair and mustache. blue eyes and Is p
pounds. His brother describes him ny
Of unsteady habits and addicted &c
drink.
If any harm had bcfallen him what
motive could the the person calling
himself w. ]. Burrows have had IN
giving a fictitious address? If he Is
safe. why was such a message sent:
There seems to be mystery some
where, for Hunts family has not heard
from him for several weeks.
Chief King will be glad to receive
any information concerning him. (which
will be at once forwarded to his al
most distracted sister.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-01-09
ME united STATES
GOHlRbMBNT GRANT
sPau il, Blood an Unpre-
cedented. Success.

s5sss People who cannot so to Hot Springs.
9fArkansas, and be cured of Blood Dis
eases by the treatment there given. fully
i appreciate the fact that the United
States Government, under grant, have
spsrmttted the famous Curative Waters
safA Hot Springs, Ark, to be used In tho
sprefaratton of .'Pura Blood and thus
hplated within their reach.
S,5 Eighty per cent. of the Diseases with
which the human family suffer to-day
Ire produced by po!sons in the Blood
and the consequent arrangement of the
Slize-gsving and sustaining fluid. 1t re-
sqtkres no effort of the Imagination,
! then. to understand why Blood Diseases
are so prevalent Neither does It require
argument to tell you that the World
Renowned Healing Waters OF Hot
Springs, Ark. which. under grant from
the United States Government. are per-
united to be used In the preparation OF
~ Pura Blood" have been curing all these
conditions for the last century. y few
bottles of "Purn Blood" will rc!nvigorate
the entire system. and cleanse the Blood
sof all impurities. AS Tonic for Young
and Old, for Weak and Feeble It has
never had an equal. "Pura Blood" is
for sale by Druggists. Price, One Dol
lar. B,llups & Co., OF No. &c Cortlandt
Street, New York, are Sole Agents. De-
.Scriptive Book, containing Physicians
Endorsements and full information.
sent TO any address Free.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-01-09
OUR FOREIGN TRADE.
Vessels which Have Cleared From
This Port ana Their t'nrsoes.

During the month of December, 1895.
eight vessels entered this port from for
cign ports, and thirty-ciEht vessels
cleared frfm this port for foreign ports.
During l95 there We're $40 vessels that
cleared from this port for foreign coun-
tries.
The following were the exports from
This port during tie month Of Dcccm-
Der, 1895: Two horses. $3.50: 80. 500 bush
els corn, S%0S,+l6; 600 barrels -four.
s262S4 1851 tons bituminus coal. 500. OO5 !;
coal for ships use, S23,GlO: l4.a67 bales
cotton. s5Gl.+6 25,0OO pounds dried mn
pies. $1,000; 100000 pounds gun pow
der, $4,000; l3I.Soo pounds lard, 5000:
II 00o pounds clover seed. 81 SEQ. Sini c6o
rounds leaf tobacco. SS,5l2; logs. etc.
r.,oS"; SLAVES o,Ae so and headings, $2i .GaO.
The following gives the value of OK
por,s fr 70 no this port during 1895: IAN
nN, W. i',t!i; February. $ia7 Az:
harch SSol.2 April, $6S?.GSl; Nav
1.3S5; June, SSla.o20: July. $liG.777: All,
sust; s2oSo September. $3.50. 1884, octo-
her. $50 SSl: November. s2,5.SaS: Decem-
Der, Sl.042, 1913. Total. SIS co, o9i