davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Birmingham state herald., 1896-06-06
Baseball today.

Music at East Lake for dances five nights a week by Montano's string band. 5-a-F
Birmingham state herald., 1896-06-06
Children Cry for
 Pitchers Castoria.

Music at East Lake for dances five nights a week by Montana's string band. 5-2-H
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
TOPEKA WANTS MORE MONEY
Plea That the Insane Asylum of That City
should be Enlarged,

Topeka, Kan. June 1.-Superinteadent
D. 3. Eastman Of the state insane asy-
lUm here has published a statement in
regard 10 the question of what shall be
done with the increased number OF in
sane people in Kansas the asylums are
being crowded:
ITO my mind there is only one ans
wer 70 this question. County infirma-
ries. private receptacleS. insane DEPART
ments in poor houses and jails and the
care Of any but a few of the nildesr
cases in families should be discoura ged
The state engages by constitutional pro-
vision 70 care for its insane and II
should be done in state institutions. To
this end. the Topeka asylum should BE-
completed, which would give room for
about 100 additional patients. and n
third asylum should be located farther
west al the most suitable and most &C
cesSible point. Accessibility is a very
important consideration. I have just
been obliged % assign a woman from
Norton county 10 the Osawaton1te asy-
lum, TO reach which she must SO direct
y through Topeka. / have had a pa
tient brought from the southwest corner
OF the state. q distance Of $50 miles. In
many cases such q journey might de-
stroy all chances Of recovery These
statements and suggestions are respect
fully submitted 70 the citizens Of the
state il the hope that the subject win
be discussed, and that the members 81
the next Legislature viii be prepared 70
act ln,elligsnIly upon II.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
in New York or New Eng

oomprehended In New York or New Eng
land.
If the private Gttr-snces - public
men on the silver question could De
published as formal interviews. this
portion of the country would receive a
Tremendous shock. / nave cOuyersed
with numerous persons whose names
IL were at liberty 70 give them, would
be well known 70 every reader. The
burden OF what was said vas that the
silver movement IS gaining hand over
fist throughout the country; that while
there are diversified views as 10 the eX-
tent or conditions under which silver
Is favored. there Is a determination on
the part OF a ma Jority Of the politicians
Of the south and west 70 make SILVER
and not gold the dominant element 20
the national currency. A leading Re
publican senator. who - vel known
as an advocate Of gold. declared his be-
lief that II the question Of gold versus
silver we're 20 be submitted pure and
simple 70 The people Of the Unite9
States. an overwhelming majority would
be rolled Up for the WHITE metal
81 believe be explained. mat the -
TO STANDARD might not prevasl. but bi-
metaIlizm. under conditions that would
cot meet attn The approval q ~ Nno
favor the gold standard. would b. fav-
ored- / believe n more than one-flssf
the states the vote for silver would az
erage more than tao . oge
The president Of one q fn3caEn :
great national banks recently stated
that he mad been studyiug me views
q 40 OF more o. his banker correspond
enrs. and be has c0ncIEte1 tbai silver
has got % come Tats bank president
fs very wealthy. He has begun % draw
geld contracts and feases. sn2 ALL pU-
al his Affairs on . god bass
There is 10 NOR arSeGT gold mar 70
the couz-ry tnsn he
n Democratic sound money senator.
rot S@zztor Briee. tod re To-Day ina
Onto an6 KsEtucky Eoli: - czrrte1 tor
silver
I an assured BY = PsunEyivansa man
Who knows The ssfuz:so1 .noroUghfT -
-hst saafs. tnat +, the siiver qoesssoe
zers presented fairly snd sz1areiy %
the people. without beng mixes VIA
usoEtic~. ART n q Interference y cap
FtsI o. TIE nnan1fzczu-ers. Il zouif -
cave a. eao-urous vote TIE pope
know senator Camsrc1 = q NAB -
great wealth. Ebo has o4nk-as. TeaS
@e.zfe ard rzlIEay INTEREST," Tat
TIE Car-@ru- faszlfy Always tFr 10y
= 1srss--etssoa 10 PrfzsyiFsrsA- z'isi 5as
-.@ouge a~xue tat D1n C3-s~ron Nosii
%. -zsk a. property - fAaisrr r. Sc
w. = fhe~e xzs arr rsE4 12CEsr tsozs
.. z~osssar SAuxroz has h@-1 81 IsE-
=. ,.s,1vsrx ts.s ca1azftgn - that conzs-
80 unssr silver. he rezgr2s4 mere
x~azous thar Before.
4 an tztsEz<4 - . sSs4 @-I-sSsy
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
PREACHED on THE CYCLONE
New York Minister says That the Twister is
of God Not of Man.

New York, June 1.-The lesson taught
by the recent terrible storm at St Louis
was the theme of the sermon of the
Rev. E S. Triples, at the Grace NJ. F.
church. He took as his text jeremiah
xiii, Behold a whirlwind of the Lord
is gone forth in fury, even a grievous
whirlwind.'
Seven years ago today" said the pas
tor, about 225 miles from here, lying
in a narrow valley between ridges of
mountains, was a happy city of 1000
homes. Ten thousand people lived and
worked there. 1t was city of thrift.
Just above it in the valley was an i'm
mense reservoir of water. Without any
warning the dam that held the water
broke away and swept the town before
it.
The chief city of the country west of
the Mississippi-St. Louis-today sits in
the gloom of a great calamity, and the
world weeps with her. Why is the sack
cloth of the nation worn today? Behold
a whirlwind of the Lord is gone forth
in fury, even a grievous whirlwind.'
''One cannot consider such a tragedy
without asking who is responsible. AT
Johnstown it was the fault of the own
ers of the reservoir. The dam was not
strong enough. But man has no con-
troll over the tornado. Has Cad any,
thing to do with these terrible over
turnings of nature? Why does he per-
NIT such destruction to come upon the
people if He has control over nature?
These and other questions come into our
minds and We feel that il is hard 10 IN
derstand them"
The speaker went to explain that as
ne Of the results of the disaster men
would be taught 10 look away from the
minor details of life and to think more
and more Of God and the future life.
Another blessing would be found in the
increased sympathy among men. Al
ready offerings of assistance had been
received from all sections of the coun-
try, from European cities and even Chi
ma, and the peoples of the Orient were
Offering aid 10 unfortunate ST. Louis.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
COMEDIES GROWTH OF SILVER
Startling UtterAnee From the Gold stand
ard New YORK World


New York. June The World - z
radical gold organ and the following
reluctant statement from IT'S Washing
ton correspondent viii be Rad with in
terest oy silver men:
There are too many people N this
country who are hiding their eyes 20
great facts Taey place themselves in
the position OF an ostrich pursued b.
an enemy. They 60 not wish q gaze
On what they term the spec-er silver
So they hold their hands over faeir
faces. and cry cut. 1 cannot Sc - c1u-
Ing The speaker was an especially
distinguished senator. who expressed
himself privately % the xriIer on TIE
financial question
There Is enough sad s. private here
II Washington a. the present the @
the silver question 90 cause A chill 20
pass over zhoze Whose convictions a15
interests are VIA pp@s IN ti1s single Ertss
standard side % the controversy. Peo-
PIE n New YORK and 10 fae Ezz. have
q scazty conception q the strength %
ire silver sentiment al fhs West and
South The press which snighfeaz
them On ps5I.c Affairs II ssnoss = uns1
IN favor 81 re Eelt Standard TIE
real Situation throughout ts< fragfA aS,t
breadth q tae GATED States. = 20.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
Kansas City Races.

Kansas City, No, June Results:
First race-Six furlongs, selling: OHM
B. won; Red Ray, second; DR.. Malcolm,
third. Time 1:231a.
Second-Six furlongs, selling: Little
Chap won; Z. A. Ray, second; Stella,
third. Time 1:211a.
Third-Mile and a sixteenth: Montell
won; Wedgefield, second; Terrapin,
third. Time 1:5S.
Fourth-Seven furlongs, handicap: Et
toire won; Plug, second; Paskola, third.
Time 1:341k.
Fifth-Five and a half furlongs. sell
ing: Spoon won; Confessor, second; Nick
Carter, third. Time LA.
Sixth-Five and half furlongs, sell
ing: Belle of Oak Grove, won; Ben Will
son, second; Gray Battle. third. Time
1:12%4.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02

hon and Is particularly efhcacious in
its action on the peculiarly feminine
organism. There is no sort Of female
trouble that II VIII not correct If it IS
taken in time. Thousands of the worst
possible cases have been cured by II
it works in a perfectly natural way,
and drives out disease by building up
the strength and purifying the whole
system.
MANY modest women and girls suffer
unspeakable touneuts because they
dread telling their troubles TO 4 ply
Sicisu. They fear the almost inevitable
examinations and "local treatment"
These things are usually wholly IN
necessary.
Dr.. Pierce's Favorite Prescription viii
do what not one doctor IN hundred can
dot will 61ye. In our 1000 page book
entitled The Peoples Medical Adviser"
are hundreds Of testimonials to its Won
derful efficacy.
The book will be sent free on receipt
OF twenty-one cents to pay postage and
wrapping oHiy
Address, WORLDS DIsPENSARY Med
1cAI- ASSOCIATION, No. COS Main Street.
-RHffalo- Ny.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
DUMPED In bitches
HOW THE Unidentified AT MOS
cow ARE DISPOSED OF.

Nearly Thirteen Hundred Mangled Corpses
Buried as the Days Work-only About
Half the Bodies Recovered Have Been
Identified Six Hundred Workmen
Scoop Out Immense Trenches into
Which the Unknown Dead are Thrust
John of Cronstadt Consoles the survi-
vors.
Moscow, Russia, June There were
1.277 victims of Saturdays disaster bur-
led today. The bodies Of those who were
identified and claimed by relatives were
inferred in private graves but at the e1-
pense Of the municipality. The great
number of unidentified dead were buri-
ed in elevn trenches, each fifty yards
long. The trenches were deep and the
mutilated bodies had to be placed close
together to find room for them all.
There were 600 workmen engaged all
night long at the Vaganovski cemetery
digging the graves. Many priests, prom
inent among them being John Of Corn
stadt, famous for his piety and his pow
er to console and, it is believed by the
peasants, TO heal, and many military
chaplains, conducted the funeral ser
vices, the friends crowding around the
graves The surviving friends and re-
latives for the most part OF the lgnor-
ant and simple-minded peasant class,
and their grief and terror at the sudden
calamity was expressed in very DEM
onstrative fashion. The scenes at the
cemetery were pitiful and terrible IN the
extreme. Only about half the BODIES
H., I'D ND
majority of these are men, though there
are many children and several old peo-
pie, so years old. Most Of the private
graves of victims have been marked to-
day with wooden crosses, placed there
by relatives and Inscribed with texts
of scripture. The people also strewed
twigs among the graves. The clothes
of the victims were heaped in huge
pile in one corner of the cemetery and
in this the people rummaged all day
seeking the slightest trace that would af
ford a clue to the fate Of those missing.
This dragged, torn, bloodstained heap
of confused tatters, thrown all together,
afforded little matter for Identification,
even if it had been systematically cort-
ed out and the appearance Of the pieces
preserved. But after bling pulled over
a few times by the crowd of searchers.
there was no semblance to the original
appearance of the graments left.
The survivors have the vaguest pos
sfble idea of what happened TO them or
how they escaped. They only remem-
Der a terrible struggle in the vortex OF
conflicting muscular energy. Many or
them ascribe their escape to direct
miracle. II is touching 10 witness how
these poor, ignorant people help to con-
sole each other, TO dress the dead and
to care for the children.
This evening the car gave banquet
to the represent Ia tives of all the estates
in his RAIN. The foreign representatives.
were also present.
In the afternoon the car and cZarina
visited the hospital, where they spent
some time. consoling the patients in
jured in Saturdays crush.
London, June IA dispatch from
Moscow 10 the Standard says it IS esti-
mated that total of $500, persons were
killed and 1900 injured. the majority OF
them fatally, in the disaster of Satur-
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
WANT
wmFH IN. BAN.

mat a. a r~cen< rne~tinx Of ire Demo
cratic con ussftes % EeTnoat. tbe mem
t-s~s xtssea o. pot sorse kind - feooz.
Ton q silver ia tee platform q -
convention JGss hsli Bvsfi~y an'As-
~ mad % uae MS iasasl1e 20 m1ESss
Ia. ssBddlaz desire. taxed BIB
Nez EnTlAn4 r7snufsctGf~f tol-~E 80
s-oulovs rrasr hunar71 op@rzi's~ 40
wno sss ben . partissn = TIE n.nSa7
~ta.4ers Re lnfeTESs3 ne - iiAs sses7,
$500 - hear = rszu'ifse 5s~rH Atsgst
80, $40 we're aftii1z - ~ s8T-r
=, sr-a.gv eaiz-ses rsiatseas Sffa gold
.r,se, s.s.osuFers sagle ssr> . curos
-. g.---4v 4, tass Say. ~ sssf- Trey
- f.-sr from tnsfr 5anks. - thsy al.
"a phosse gslAad nsagssctuTer 10
1900 r-.e hs souls w~icen1s s.iv~y. 20
-. - = sroaS3 nor 81 sozneEalnx - Ell
- azfg1 3~sresEAoc ftzf s. weighing
s-,z-r ssr 1ine - Goe1s Wniah - ls &C.
esxs1 ia making Tn~ss reuressns sas
: small pQrsso1 = ~ private opinions
have Eazrd surtox tks Eass sss esys-
SesriV a. coaGas in s&ylnE. -txh<ly gr
wroogiy. fhss sh~ riiT~r fs4S - sHsiilnx
ny psrsozzzI yt~Su ere snsirslg 10 tasaf
q sazz4 mzonsg. Tn4s Is % re lnfer~sf
- fhe rssd@rs FKcrpt - sa9a ~aAf I
save sz44 - cissfLxFsszsd
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02

ScrOfula

Is deep-seated blood disease which
all the mineral mixtures In the world
cannot cure. SIS. Guaranteed purely
vegetable is q real blood remedy for
blood diseases and has no equal.
Mrs. Y. T. Buck, of Delaney, Ark, had
Scrofula for twenty-five years and most
of the time was under the care OF the
doctors who could not relieve her. A
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02

The Best Salve in the world fol Cuts,
Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum,
Fever Sores, letter, Chapped Hands,
ChiIblains, Corns, and all Skin Erup-
lions, and positively cures Piles, or no
pay required 1t is guaranteed to give
perfect satisfaction or money refund
ed. Price % cents per box. For sale at
Geo. Van Werden's Pharmacy. 328 N.
Main street and G.. Behring's drug
store, northeast corner Topeka and
Douglas avenues
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
When the summer Rreeze

Blows through the trees. most Of us who
can sets OFF for a country jaunt. Fewer
cross the Atlantic. Whether il is bust
ness or pleasure calls one from home,
HOstetter's stomach Bitters is the best
accompaniment of a voyage oran outing
Yachtsmen. sea captains, commercial
travellers and emigrants concur in this
opinion The Bitters is unrivalIed for
bilious, malarial, dyspetic or liver dis
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
SafpnIfa Finishes First.

London. June I'm the regatta Of the
Royal Harwick Yacht club today, Sa-
tanita crossed the finish line first Brit
Rnnia second and Ailsa was third in the
race for the large yachts, Britannia,
however won on time ALLOWANCE
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02

specialist said he
could cure her, but
he filled her with
arsenic and potash
which almost ruined
her constitution She
then took nearly
every so-called blood
medicine and drank
them by the wholesale,
but they did not reach
her trouble. Some
one advised her to try
SIS. and she very
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02

soon found that she had real blood
remedy at last. She says: CATER tax
ing one dozen bottles OF SIS. am
perfectly well, my skin IS clear
and healthy and I would not be IN
my former condition for two thousand
dollars. Instead of drying upthe poison
in my system, like the potash and
arsenic, SIS. drove the disease out
through the skin, and 1 was perma-
,,a,f1v rid ~ ~
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
Manhattan TO KnIckerbock.r.

New York, June lon the petition OF
Cornelius NanCott. president Of the
New Manhattan Athletic club, Justice
Pryor in the supreme court today grant
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02

lafayette, Colo. June The strike
OF the northern Colorado mines. ordered
3 week ago, ended today The men r.
turned 70 work without having gained
their point.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
OREGON is In LINE
ELECTION RETURNS COME SLOW
BUT THEY ARE SURE

State Senate safe, Even IL the Republicans
should Elect But Four Out of the Fiji
teen New Members, of Which Twelve
are CIaimed-House Is All One Way and
Not Worth While to Figure on It-fiist
Congressional District Safe, While the
Second VIII Require Fun Returns to
Decide.
Portland, Ore, June Returns from
the elections held in Oregon today are
coming in slowly. From present appear
ances the legislature will be Republican
by a large majority. The Republicans
have twelve hold-over senators in the
legislature, the Populists two and the
Democrats one. The Republicans there
fore viii have 20 elect only four senators
out of fifteen in order to have a majority
in the senate. The Republican state
central committee claim twelve out OF
the fifteen. leaving only six senators TO
the Popuhsts and Democrats out OF a,
total of thirty.
In the last house the Democrats were
not. represented and the PopuiistS had
only four members out of sixty.
1t is conceded by the Democrats and
Populists that Bean CRep.) for supreme
judge wiz have at least 5000 plurality.
Tongue (Rep.) for congress in the
First district is undoubtedly elected.
In the Second district, for congress
man the contest is close and complete
returns will be required TO decide. Indi-
cations are that Ex-Governor Pennoyer
has been elected mayor of this city.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
nandrnmnnn,t Grn,r

Where Danderine dwells. One applica-
zion. Clean Head, Clean Coat Collar.
Looks better; Feels better. Get some.
AL druggists, $100
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02

Washington. d. c, June 1T is said
that Senator Quay comedies the nomina
ton OF Mckinley on the nrst ballot
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
prrcKr.FN,s ARNTCA SALvE

ed permission to the club TO change its
name TO that of the Knickerbocker Ath-
1Atio cIub
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
Gladness Comes

With a better understanding OF the
Wv transient nature of the many phys
ical ills. which vanish before proper ef-
forts-gentle efforts-pleasant efforts
rightly directed. There Is comfort In
the knowledge, that so many forms OF
sickness are not due to any actual dis
ease, but simply to constipated condi-
tion of the system, which the pleasant
family laxative, Syrup of Figs, prompt
Nv removes. That is why 1T is the only
remedy with millions of families, and is
everywhere esteemed so highly by all
who value good health. Its beneficial
effects are due to the fact, that 1t Is the
one remedy which promotes internal
cleanliness without debilitating the
organs on which it acts. 1t is therefore
ali important, in order to get Its bene-
fetal effects, to note when you pur-
chase, that you have the genuine art!-
Gle. which is manufactured by the CALI
fornia Fig Syrup Co. only and sold by
all reputable druggists.
If in the enjoyment of good health,
and the system is regular, Iaxatlves or
other remedies are then not needed. 1t
afflicted with any actual disease, one
NAV be commended to the most skillful
PHYSICIANS, but if in need of laxative,
one should have the best, and with the
well-informed everywhere, Syrup OF
Figs stands highest and is most largely
used and gives most general satisfaction,
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02

Budding time
the time when girl
hood blossoms into
wonanhood is a
trying period in
every woulan's life.
Much depends on
the care and the
treatment given
then-a lifetime of
healthy happiness
or years of suffer
ing sickness.
To bring girls
safely through this
critical period, DR..
Pierce's Favonte
Prescription h Is
been found an I'M
failing aid. 1t is a
preparation of
strongly tonic pro-
perties. II puts
the whole body
into good condi-
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02

Refs Szrsapzrl-zs rests fas hFain-
l. g.sss nsrrs streaxth za1 hedg asaita-
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
| MAGAZINE BINDING.

The Eagle Bindery IL
prepared TO bind Maya
zines, of al kinds and
descriptions, cheap and
il srst-clzss style
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
NEEDS No TWENTY
EIGHTEEN ROUNDS IS ENOUGH FOR
KID LAVIGNE.

He Makes the RIarsted Britishers VINO
4ax.Iaid Two to One on Dick Burge
Look Remarkably Sick in Very snort
WhfIe-Goes at the Bigger Fellow Like
Cyclone and Gives Him Such Rib
Roasting as He'll Remember-Referee
Stops the Fight to Prevent Accidents
Six Thousand Dollars in 1t.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1896-06-02
90 ANOTHER WHIRL. 90

The following line of goods are al
ways kept in stock and can be forwarded
to you on the same day your order is re-
ceived, with the guarantee that our forms
are all up to date and everything Is print
ed On 6rst-class stock.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-12-06
MORE FLOODS IN WASHINGIoM
The Water Higher than In tho Flood -
Three Weeks Ago.

TACOMA. Wash, Dec. 5.-Chinook winds OF
last few days melted the snow on the mountains,
and heavy rains which have fallen have resulted
in all the rivers in this vicinity rising higher
than during the foods three weeks ago. The
Northern Pacific Bridge over White River was
swept away yesterday by the current hurting
huge piles of uriftwood against il. Although
a new bridge is on hand and the piers already
laid, it is impossible 10 have railroad com.
munication with Seattle until the latter part
of next week.
The village of Auburn. twelve miles north OF
Puyallup, is flooded, water standing a foot deep
on the main street. The current has formed
many channels. and. besides filing all the
cellars, is rushing between the buildings, carry
ing away shanties and light structures.
Stuck River has also left its bed and Is sub
merging all the lowlands and meadows in the
valley To a depth Of five feet or more. The cur
rent OF the Puyallup River is So strong that ID
has washed away the entire south approach to
the Merlden street bridge at Puyallup and is
eating ont a new channel through the hop
fields. From all over The valley come reports OF
heavy damage 70 crops and live stock; Here at
orchards are covered by water to n depth of
fully two feet.
Trainmen on the overland train which ar
rived late last evening saw that the Green
River on this side of the Cascades has never
been SO high ana turbulent rs now. A man Who
has Just arrived from Kent says the White River
IL now two feet higher than the highest point
reached during the last flood, and is still rising,
The streets of Kent, he says. are tluoleh ana the
river 10 rushing down the valley, sweeping
The ranches on this side OF Seattle. bounded
by the White, Black. and Cedar rivers. are
again foode |, hut IT is impossible To get any de-
tails from there. Through trains Arc >tl.l run
ming nearly on time, and 10 damage has yet oo-
Cured to telegraph lines.