The San Francisco call., 1896-07-26

D.
IN the election precinct thirty days.
RAILWAY NAIL sERvIcE-A. B., City. The
question, "Will you please mention in Answers
TO correspondents the names of the different
railroads connecting the following divisions
OF the Railway Mail Service: Albuoueroue
ana Los Angeles; Ell Paso and Los Angeles:
huntington and Portland; Ogden and San
francisco; Portland and San Francisco; San
francisco and Los Angeles; San Francisco
Mendota and Los Angeles. ana Spokane to Port
!and! is not very clear. The fact is that all the
llnes named are in the eighth division of the
all lines named is the Southern Pacific Com
pany, except the Albuquerque and Los Ange-
les, wnlch is the Atlantic and Pacific and
southern California, and the Spokane and
Portland, which is the Northern Pacific Rail.
road.
MARKING BALLoT-R. c., City. When
makes the assertion that on election day in
this City he has at an election for Presidential
electors and other officers marked all the
names he intended to vote for according to the
Australian system now in vogue in thirty sec
onds, he probably means that he marked only
the Presidential electors. An intelligent voter
who has studied the names of all the candi-
oates TO be voted Tor, when he goes INTO the
booth an1 marks one capdidate for each office
cannot do 1t under three minutes; that is, pro-
viding he marks one candidate for each office
on the ticket, and Is careful to mark an X op-
pos1te the name of the individual candidate
he has determined to vote for Possibly the
marines may believe the CAPACITY of A to mark
ticket In half minute, but other people will
not believe him.
POLITICAL EcoNoMY-w. r. B., Oakland, Cal.
Political economy is the science of public well
fare, as that welfare is affected specially by gov
ernmental Administrations in physical con-
cerns-e. e., in labor, trade, capital, rental,
money, credit value of product, competition,
ETC., though, as by the above definition. politi-
cal economy concerns itself chiefly with ma
terial interests, which cannot-dealing scien-
hfcaliy with the material welfare of such
being as man-exclude all reference to his
moral and spiritual activity. A discussion to
be scientific must take into account all ele-
ments that bear forcibly on the question;
hence much that has been advanced on politi-
cal economy had at It's beginning forfeited its
Claim to science by reducing man to machine
ture is known as really existing, political
economy need not discuss his welfare.
The word economy, from the Greek for
material portion of the domestic relation, and
does not etymolOgically embrace e. e., the OBJ
servance OF religion or the communication of
instruction. The most important part in this
use is the adjustment of the expenditure of
the household to the income at their COM
mand. The term political came to be used
with 1T as convenient method of expressing
the application to state or a sound system OF
management in relation to its affairs. In later
,iI' time' however, the words applied to eommu-
non. Political economy now means not
merely the art of regulating communities in
their financial and other material affairs, but
also the science of those laws which Provi-
dence has established for their regulation in
Gil their material interests. The income and
expenditure of the Government, as ex parte
from that OF the people OF the community, are
OF course under regulation like those of a
household, but these form department in Do
litical economy called finance" 1t is evi.
dent that in field so vast and so diversified
with com plex interests there is q likelihood
OF formation of parties of theorizers on
various separate lines. This has been the fact.
The divisions mostly have been casually rather
than scientifically developed, though there is
claim to scientific development of political
economy now prominently made by advocates
on both sides of the question whether govern
ment shall positively regulate the proceedings
OF the people in all CT any of their physical
interests, or instead shall trust to the great
natural laws Supply and demand, etc., to
bring to bear through individual action all
needful regulation. Thus, for illustration, if
any were to advocate the extreme of free
trade, such advocates might give political
economy what they would deem a scientific
development in the direction of trusting all
to general natural laws; while at the other
extreme socialists, and still further COM
muntsts, actually tend TO give political
economy what they deem scientific develop
ment in direction OF putting no faith in
great natural laws, but ordering all by govern
mental control.