davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28
THE FARMING WORLD.
EXCELLENT TOOL SHED.

4 Structure That Is Fitted to Hold All
tho Farm Implements
No more convenient building can be
erected upon farm than a good, roomy
tool shed, where all farm machines and
small tools can be housed from the
weather, while the owner has the as
surance that he can put his hand at
moments notice upon any implement
that may be needed without the neces-
sity of hunting through half a dozen
buildings to find the tool desired. On
the average farm the tools are either left
out of doors for lack of a place to put
them, or are crowded away into any
nook or corner that can be found, often
to be in the way for the next six months.
The accompanying illustration shows
a cheaply built Toulouse that is fitted
to hold ell the farm tools and nipple
ments, providing also in one end re-
pair, or carpenters shop. Three sets
Of double doors are provided, both in
front and opposite these in the back
side, SO that machine can be driven in
ut one side, the horses unLitched and
driven out the other side, leaving the
machine ready to be hitched onto the
next day and drawn out without turn
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28
PROTECT THE HOGS.

Some Important Factors In Reducing the
Loss from Cholera.
Hog cholera is prevalent in many
parts of the country, and every effort
possible should be put forth to lessen its
ravages. A. w. Biting, of the Indiana
experiment station, says that Indiana
last year lost $50, 26O hogs by disease,
entailing property loss of three and
q quarter million dollars. Nearly the
entire loss was due to cholera and swine
plague. It was distributed as follows:
In s3s townships the loss was from ten
to twenty per cent; in 12T, from 20 to 80
per cent; in SO from 80 to 40 per cent;
in SO from 40 TO so per cent; in "a from
so to 60 per cent; in IL from 60 to 20
per cent, and in one II per cent, while
the remainder lost less than ten per
cent. of all the hogs that were produced.
An important factor in reducing the
loss, says DIR. Biting, is to provide prop
er shelter, as all hogs with only mild
attack, or having apparently made a
recovery, may take relapse if exposed
to cold rain or a sudden change to
rough weather. Any shed which will
keep off the rain and break the wind is
sufficient. The floor should be dry, but
little bedding is needed, and that re-
newed frequently. Burn all litter and
bedding once a week. Keep the herd
divided so that crowding is impossible.
Remember a straw stack is the most I'M
favorable place that can be provided for
sick hogs. He says the essentials in
prevention are good food, pure water
and clean, dry quarters. The cost of
protecting the hogs from inclement
weather need not be great. Don't neg
lect the matter.-Journal of Agricul-
ture.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28
FARM AND GARDEN.
THE HENS in WINTER.

EzRd of Treatment Which Induces Good
Egg supply.
In order to have a good supply of eggs
during the winter it is essential to have
either early-hatched pullets that have
been kept growing and are reasonably
well matured or two-year-old hens that
xaoulted early, and are in good thrifty
condition when winter begins.
Then warm, dry quarters must be
provided. No matter how well fed the
fowls may be, they will not lay well un-
less they are kept comfortable. The
quarters should be roomy. SO that when
closely confined, as will be necessary on
cold, stormy days, they will have plenty
of room to exercise.
The roosts should be on level. not
over three feet from the ground. and
arranged SO that they can be taken
down to clean when necessary. When
1t can be done the nests should be in a
separate place, rather darker than the
rest of the house. so that the laying
hens will not be disturbed by the others.
There should be room to feed them
away from under the roosts. Brood
boards should be provided on which the
soft food can be placed. Have the
quarters dry.
The hens must be regularly and well
NCu H are fNCPt Al gnu
condition. Gather up the scraps from
the table, the pairing and the leavings
of the vegetables from the kitchen, put
8hem into pot that should be kept in
che stove. Usually it will cook suf1i-
GENTLY through the day and can be
warmed up while breakfast is being
cooked. If the quantity is not suffi-
Gent add wheat, bran and milk to make
up good feed. Give it warm-not hot
for breakfast, and try to have it ready
@s soon they fly down from the
roosts. At noon give whole wheat. oats.
E<>cghum seed or something of this
kind. changing often enough to make a
good variety.
At night give good feed of whole
coru just before they go to roost. Wa
ter regularly and keep the drinking YES
zeEs clean.
With eggs to sell in winter the hens
will be found proftable.-St. Louis Re
public.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28
AGRICULTURAL NOTES.

Plan to make hog killing as easy as
possible.
Don't waste time and effort trying to
grow crops not adapted to your soil or
climate.
When we reflect that a large proper
ton of milk is made up of water, we
see the Importance of furnishing the
cows with pure water.
III. s. Matteson says: 81 do not be-
ieve that cow milks any easier for
having her teats wet, any more than
believe a man can lift more when he
spits on his hands"
What man has done man can do.
Many diaries have succeeded in getting
their herds up to an average of 800
pounds of butter per COW per year. All
should strive for it.
A fair estimate of hay for a cow Is
from IS to 20 pounds per day. A mich
cow will eat four or five pounds more
than dry one, and large cow will OF
course eat more than a small one, under
similar conditions.
1t is said that the color on the inside
of the ear is an infallible guide in the
selection of a good butter cow. If the
skin on the inside of the ear is of rich
yellow color, the COW is sure to give a
good quantity of milk that is rich in
butter.
The sofa bean has given great salts
faction in the Ohio station. It is a
hardy, rapid grower, and gives a good
yield of very rich forage. The black is
the only variety that natures seed that
far north. but the green makes better
hay, it holds it's leaves better. For
hay, plant them with the grain drill; for
seed, plant and cultivate as corn
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28
SHELTER FOR SHEEP.
Increased Profits VIII Pay 1t In -
Very Short Time.

Increased Profits WIN Pay Or 1t In =
Very Short Time.
am convinced that most importans
point in caring for sheep, especially
the open-wooled breeds, is to keep them
dry. Sheep do not suffer greatly from
cold unless they are wet. They dislike
water, applied externally, about as bad
ly as a chicken
The relative prices of farm products
and building materials may seem to
many not to justify the erection of per-
manent buildings. A structure may be
put up that will answer well at a very
slight cost per head for the animals it
will shelter. I give herewith a cut
showing plan of bent of such a struc-
ture. Where post timber is plenty use
small trees, from ten to twelve inches
in diameter. setting them deeply in the
ground. This makes strong building.
but not so durable as though the posts
were set on stone. The local supply OF
material may well determine as be-
tween these two plans. If the posts are
to be set in the ground they will last
much longer if the bark and sap wood
is removed and they are allowed to sea-
son for some months before setting.
They should be of some good post tim
Der, and very important point is to
SCt lAC1A SCt DcIOW 1TOSt line.
Eight feet is high enough for tho
outside posts, unless it is desired to use
one end of the shed for storage of hay
or fodder. This may be done very adj
vantageously. Use timbers enough on
the ground TO keep the feed from spoil
ing by absorbing moisture. The struc-
ture may be made "a to 30 feet wide.
The draft shown is drawn for the for
mer width. This makes the inner post
CD II feet above ground when the
spaces are feet, leaving space from
D to D IL feet. The braces "a Az sup
porting the ridge pole (P) are feet
long. The roof boards CID are II feet
long. For the roof use good grade of
white pine boards one foot wide, let
ting them lap two inches on each side.
Nail securely along the edges, placing
nails not farther than two feet apart
and clinching them. This will make u
very good and durable roof, especially
if kept painted, as it will be economy
to do. Neither hemlock nor any of our
hard woods are satisfactory for roof.
very good temporary shelter may
be made by using straw for the roof
where it is plentiful. The gable roof
may still be used and the straw held in
place by fastening on old boards. Rye
straw makes the best roof. Cornfodder
does well, but is too valuable for feed
ing. Inclose it on all sides. It is not
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28
FOODS FOR POULTRY.

Why 1t Is More Advantageous to Feed
Everything Dry.
The natural food of fowls is composed
of seeds, insects and grass. In the do
nestle condition we allow grain, grass
and meat. Turkeys and chickens drink
very little water when feeding, and
even ducks and geese resort to water
when feeding sometimes, in order to
wash their bills more than to drink,
says the Poultry Keeper.
This brings up the question of the
propriety of feeding soft food. It is
known that ground grain absorbs a
large volume of water, and when the
mixture is apparently dry, quite a large
more SO when the mixture is very moist
and sloppy. 1t is not beneficial water,
az the results are sometimes injurious.
bowel disease and indigestion prevail
ing.
It is better to feed all food dry, if
possible, and keep a trough full of wa
ter where the fowls can take what
quantity they desire. Even ground
food may be given in a dry condition,
thoroughly mixed and placed in a
trough. When chicks are fed they
have cornmeal moistened several times
a day, and bowel disease results simply
because too much water is forced upon
them in the food. The fowls never re-
sort to wet food when they can get dry
kinds, and this is matter that deserves
attention
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28

Rice is said by those who have tried
IN, to be the very best of food for fowls,
and that it possesses more fattening
qualities than corn. In the Carolinas
and the rice growing regions of the
south, rice meal or broken rice can be
purchased from one-fourth to one
half cent per pound, and is largely used
as a feed in those sections. Poultry
xuen within easy reach of the southern
or gulf seaboard can thus get cheap
yoGnltry food at small cost. for freight.
Rscs will never produce diarrhoea in
Fowls or animals like some grains, but
Will check it when produced by other
cnnses- With broken rice, Kaffir corn,
and wheat, we not only have good
ration for chicks, but an ideal food for
asroilers.-Southern Fancier.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28

safe to trust that storms Will never come
in the exposed side. Ventilation
may be provided by small openings at
the gables. Any cheap lumber may be
used for siding. The chief considera-
ton is to have a roof and storm-breaI<.
Locate it on high ground, if possible
on the leeward side of timber lot. The
water supply should also be thought
of in it's location. For convenience in
storing feed and distributing manure
from the stable, it is well to locate it at
a point distant from the other build
ings. But this has it's disadvantages in
the distance to be travelled to care for
the stock. Most farmers, however,
would prefer to have such rough
building removed from the public high
way.
If boards are used for roof, lay them
SO that the water will run lengthwise.
Never put them on as course of
shingles are laid. Use two by eight
inch joist for plates and purlines. Spike
them with the greatest width verticle
to the posts. Strengthen them with
braces long enough 10 reach nearly one
third the distance of span between
trents. The length and width of the
structure is of course to be gagged by
the number of animals to be sheltered
and amount of feed to be stored. A
further determining factor is the size
and character of the animals, also
whether they are to be confined con-
stantly or only during storms and
nights. Pregnant ewes should have
more space than lambs, and these more
than fattening stock.
The space thus required per animal
will vary from Is or more square feet
down to six or eight, if good ventila-
ton is provided. A fattening animal
does not need exercise. You ask, will
it pay to build shelter even of this
cheap character for sheep? Sheep will
live outdoors all winter, but taking the
average winter of this latitude, think
it will pay to provide shelter for all the
Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28
AMONG THE POULTRY.

A "stunted" fowl better be killed at
once. They are useless.
Feed but one kind of grain at time,
and cover up with light litter.
If living near a market, try turkeys
Ducks are also profitable.
Both nesting and busting material
should be renewed at least monthly.
Keep fresh water continually before
the fowls, warmed a trifle on the colder
mornings.
Select the best layers for breeding
stock, keeping size and color of plumage
as uniform as possible.
Keep grit of some kind accessible to
the poultry at all times. This is in
dispcnsable to their well-being.
Corn is probably the best cold-weath-
er food. Feed the kitchen scraps in the
morning in a clean place.
Clean out the litter from under
Perches once a week. Pack in barrels
with frequent layers of earth-dry, if
possible
Thoroughbred poultry pay best. Sc
lect your breed, basing Judgment upon
their characteristics and surroundings,
and then keep them pure; introduce
new blood every other year.
1t is good policy on general princi-
pies to give the hens a busting over fire.
quently with Persian insect powder;
hold the fowl up side down, and ruffie
the feathers the wrong way."-Eural
World
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28
Too Much of q GOOD Thing.

Glass on the south, east and west of
the poultryhouse is of course necessary
tt, she health and COMFORT of the fowls
One can err, however, on the side of
aoo much glass. 1t is a great mistake to
zaszake a poultryhouse after the pattern
OF greenhouse. 1t won't do at all, for
aile change between day and night tenn
fseFature is far too much. The fowls
-aii become sick and unproductive. A
window for every six or eight running
feS,t on the south side with a window on
both the east and west sides, will be all
the sash surface necessary. In cold
northern climates I would advise the
wsse of shutters or double windows or
Eash- These viii keep out any amount
1af cold and wind and pay for them
selves hundred times over.-W. P. Per-
kinS, in National Stockman
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28
RuTcHERING TIME.
Timely Hints Concerning the Killing and
Dressing of Hogs.

&Oncernln&
Dressing of Hogs.
Butchering time is near at hand;
have plenty of dry wood up, kettles and
scaiding tub ready, the old gun ready to
shoot, and the knives sharpened. Meat
killed in moderately cool weather will
take salt better and keep sweeter than
that killed in severely cold weather.
Under latter conditions it is liable to
freeze or chill before the animal heat
and smell leaves the carcass.
Water heated with hot limestone
rock will clean hog better than water
heated in kettles. If you heat in ket-
ties, put a shovelful of ashes in the
scalding tub; 16O degrees is scalding
heat, but water at ITS to $50 degrees
will do the work much quicker, but
with more danger of setting the hair.
The thermometer is the best test of the
proper heat, but old butchers readily
test it by the feel of the water on the
hands.
Shoot your hogs down before sticking
them, it is more humane and even if it
was not, a shot hog will bleed more
freely than one stuck alive. The proper
place to shoot is where lines drawn from
each eye to the opposite ear would cross.
Use small charge of powder, or if you
use a breech-loading gun. use short cart
ridges. AS soon as the hog drops stick
him. Roll him on his back, put the
point of your knife. which should not
be more than six inches long, right in
front of the breast bone, direct it toward
the root of the tail, thrust it in and with
draw it quickly to prevent shoulder
sticking from the struggles of the dying
animal. Scald the front end first, and
when the hog is clean hang it on the
gallows pole and scrape down. Use hot
water at first. and finish it up with a
bucket or two of cold water.
Take the insides out of the hog just
as soon as you can after it is hung up.
Put your knife in at the hole made in
sticking and rip up through the breast
bone and ribs; this will allow any blood
| that has settled in the lungs to run out
while you finish the job. Split down be-
| tween the hams and cut around the
| vent; pull and cut until you have the
| bung gut loose for six inches. Tie a
| string around it and push it back into
| the carcass. Finish cutting down in
| front, and put your left hand under the
| intestines as they roll out; with the
right hand tear everything loose from
the back bone, using the knife with
care, SO to avoid cutting the entrails.
| Cut the gullet in front of the stomach,
and take the stomach out with the rest
| of the entrails. Remove the liver, lungs
| and heart after the rest is done. If the
| hog is not bloody inside, use no water
| to clean it, but wipe it dry with n cloth.
Even if the inside of the hog is rather
| bloody, it may be wiped clean with little
| trouble; the meat will take salt better
| if kept dry.-C. d. Lyon, in Rural World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28
ART IN AGRICULTURE.
It Is Coming to Be Quite an Important
E1evating Factor.

It Is Coming to Be Quite an Important
E1evating Factor.
Art in agriculture is coming to be
more and more noticeable every day
With the advent of new methods, i'm
proved implements and wider knowl-
edge of the field, the agriculturist is
rising higher in the field of useful or
ornamental art as the years go by. We
may say that sharp competition is no
small factor in this progressive move
ment, says the agricultural student.
Take, for example, the manner in which
certain products are prepared for the
open market. The improvement in the
condition of certain dairy products and
fruit on market in the last few years
is truly wonderful. The reason, of
course, is that people always buy that
article which is put up in the most
tasteful and attractive style, and arc
willing to pay little more for it. With
this change comes more wholesome
effect upon the article itself, and dis
ease is much less disseminated through
food at the present time than formerly.
Greater precautions are taken now
than ever before in preventing the
spread of contagious diseases in this
manner, and with the increase in the
size of the cities and the greater Habil-
ity to ilI-health, these precautions can
not be observed too carefully. Thus
the agriculturist, to be successful, must
keep right up to date in his readings
and methods.-Mirror and Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28

The Principle of InOculation In tho Do
main of Asriculture.

The Principle of InOculation In the Do
main of Agriculture.
Research has demonstrated that the
soil of our fields is literally teeming
with bacteria, which, according to some
recent experiments, may be present to
the extent of 100000 per gramme
(the one-twenty-sixth part of an ouncc)
of soil; and that these bacteria are
largely instrumental in conducting to
the successful growth of vegetation by
preparing, in forms suitable for assimi-
lation by the plant, the different food
substances it derives from the soil, says
the Quarterly Review. The latest APP
plication, in the domain of agriculture,
of the great principle of incubation,
is in many respects of a more striking
nature than anything yet accomplished
by this line of research, and consists OF
the incubation of the soil with pure
cultures of bacteria for the purpose of
promoting plant growth.
incubation of soil with these cul-
lures, on a practical scale, may be af-
fected in either of two ways. First, the
seed of the crop it is desired to inocu-
late may be inoculated before it is
sown. This is effected by making
watery solution of the pure cultivation,
immersing the seed in it, and subse-
quently drying it; or, secondly, it may
be effected by inocu1ating quantity of
fine sand OF earth in the same way, and
then spreading it over the field and sub
sequently working it into the soil to a
depth of about three inches. Natural
ly, a point of considerable interest is
the economic question of the cost of
such treatment. It is interesting to
learn that this is extremely moderate.
as the expense of inoculating field in
this way amounts to the very moderate
sum of five shillings per acre. This can
not be regarded as expensive, and con-
trasts favorably with the expense of
heterogeneous fertilizers.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28
AGRICULTURAL HINTS
KEEP THEM SCRATCHING.

1t Is the Best Way to Exercise Poultry in
the Winter.
The sketch herewith shows the sec
ond-best" scratch room for my fowls
this winter. which proved SO useful last
season. A frame 12x16 feet of posts,
poles and brush, and upon the brush
roof, fodder piled deep viii be the style
OF it. The north and west will sbe
banked with bound bundles of the fod-
der, the east end Will be against the
west end of the main poultry house, and
the south, which is the front, will be
muslin covered. The muslin breaks
the wind and cold from them, and al
lows the sun to shine in across the
whole floor. The muslin-covered door
opens into the room from the yard.
This for my make-shift scratch-room.
Besides this I have permanent
scratch-room, which is very necessary
part of the poultry plant. This is upon
the east end of the poultry house, is
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-11-28

SCRATCH ROOM ADDITION TO POUL-
TRY HOUSE.
12x15 feet, 6 feet high in front and
slopes to 4 feet high at the back. The
roof is shingled and the front that was
once 1nuslin-covered, is now of board
ing and windows, for throughout the
year it is in use for different purposes.
This room is divided into two compart-
ments by wire fence netting, for sum-
mer use as rooms for breeding stock or
for hens and chicks. But when used
for a winter scratch-room, the door is
left open and they have ali the room to
work in. The floor is deep covered with
straw, and the fowls are kept sufficient
ly hungry to keep them scratching
Small doors, less than a foot square,
open into either room from the roost-
ing, or main house.
When the weather is dry and the corn
fodder palace CD perfectly dry, they
are divided into two flocks. But should
the fodder-built room become damp,
they all go to the room that is dry and
warm. Sometimes they are a little
cleaned in the morning, they have that
room also to exercise in.
The cost of such permanent scratch
room is not great. And the one con-
structed of fodder costs nothing at all
except the work, for the refuse brush,
poles, etc, are found upon almost any
farm. If you have not the fodder in
available shape, you have surely plenty
of straw. Many farmers have their sup
ply of straw baled every year. Such
material as baled straw to bank the sides
of such a room could scarce be sur
passed. Once the scratch-room theory
is put into practice in ones poultry
yards, the practice will never be aban-
doned, for the birds must have exercise.
Orange Judd Farmer.