The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1896-12-26
THE INTERVENTION CASE
SCORES OF PRECEDENTs SIMILAR
TO CONDITIONS IN CUnA.
senate Committee ON Foreign ReIa-
lions Submitted n Report On
che Subject.


today presented to the senate the report
Of the committee on foreign relations.
favorable to the adoption of the follow
Ing joint resolution:
Resolved. by the senate and hOusa OF repre-
sentatives of the United States Of America. In
congress assembled. that the Independence Of
Cuba be. ami the same is hereby acknowledged
BY the United States Of America. Be 1t fur
Their
Resolved. That the United States will use
its friendly offices with the government Of
Spain to bring to close the war between
Spain and the republic Of Cuba.
The report Is very voluminous- 1t be-
gins with a review of the action OF con-
gress at its last session. pledgtng itself
to friendly Intervention with Spain for
the recognition of the independence OF
Cuba.
Spain having declined these over
lures" the report continues, the only
question that remains to be decided Is
the nature of the next step to be taken.
with proper regard to the customs and
usages Of nations"
Then follows an exhaustive review OF
this century's Instruction Of peoples
claiming Independence by right of re-
volt.
AIIeE EeNteWlnk the ulplOtnAtlC COhtoSA
from the revolution in Greece, the report
states, in the whole discussion from
March, ISM. to January. 1873, the right of
Intervention was never disputed except
by Turkey"
George Canning. becoming prime minis
ter of England. recognised Greek bellig-
erency.
The ranorf aida. ssrhIa saApna 20 hava
been the step which led to Canning's
somewhat famous definition Of the ma
ture Of belligerency in ISIS"
The Turkish government. we are tolo,
complained that the British government
allowed the Greeks belliEerent charac-
ter and observed that 1t appeared to for
get that to subjects in rebellion no ma
ttOnal character could properly belong.
Recurring again to the Greek revolution
the report recites that on July 8. lS27.
France. Russia and England were united
in a formal treaty, signed in London.
which committed them TO a formal inter
vention In case the sultan should still
reject their profrered mediation, within
the space Of one month. The Turkish
government on August 30 reiterated It's
decided, unconditional, final and IN
changeable refusal to receive any propo-
sition on behalf OF the Greeks. Orders
were Immediately given to the squadron
| OF the powers which brought on the bat
tie OF Navarrino October 20, 1897.
The report next takes up the Belgium
| revolution Of 1860. When the French rev.
olution Of 1880 occurred, It spread instant
ly to the Netherlands. as well as at home.
| Without concerning with or supporting
King William, the powers Imposed an i'm
| mediate armistice on both parties.
The claim Of Independence was made
November u, 1880. and was recognized
the month following by the powers In
their seventh conference, December -.
The report says that the Polish rebellion
OF 1891 seemed to have no value as a orece-
dent except as far as 1t offered an example
Of The power OF Russia, as the Belgian In
surrection has shown the power OF Eng
land and France. when in union.
| Besides the precedents of Greece. Eel
GUM, Poland and Hungary. where new
| natLonaltties were in question a much
larger number Of interventlons occurred IN
| Europe In the process OF disruption or con-
| solidation. which has on the one hand dis
| migrated the ancient empires Of the sui
| tan, Of Spain. OF the church: and, on the
| other. concentrated the new systems of
Germany. Russia and Italy. Interven-
| ions have occurred most conspicuously
IN Spain by France In ls23. in Portugal by
| England in lS27 again in Spain and Por.u-
gal in 1888 by England and France, unler
y nat was called the quadrupls treaty: in
| Piedmont and Naples by the holy alliance
| in ISL: and in so many Instances since
| ISIS that the mere enumeration would be
| long and dIfhcult. Not only Greece, Mon
| ,enegro. Roumania, Bulgaria. Roumeli L,
Seryia and Egypt have been the creations
| OF such Intervention, or the subject OF Is
| restraints, but also Samoa, Crete and even
Lebanon owe their legal status to The
same source. An authority so great must
| nave some foundation in law, seeing the
old world acquiesced not only In the orac-
,Ical exercise Of force. but also In the prin-
ciple on which it rested, whatever that
principle was.
The treaty Of Berlin Of 1871 was a broad
assertion Of the right Of the European
powers TO regulate the affairs of the O.ro-
man empire, but the treaty contains no
statement Of the principle Of Jurisprudence
On which the right rests.
Other successful revolutions, such 81
| those Of Tuscany and the states of the
church in 1859 were the immediate results
Of Intervention.
| The report then turns to the experience
| Of Asia. In regard to Asia, probably eli
other authorities agree that the entire fab
rio OF European supremacy, whether In
Aslatic Turkey. Persia, AfghanIstan. In
dia. Siam or China, rests on the right of
Intervention.
The American precedents are handled
exhaustively. After tracing the uprisInRs
In Mexico. Venezuela, Chill and the Ar
gentine Republic against Spanish rule,
the report says: THE question Of inter
vention began In 1917. The Spanish gov
eminent appealed to European powers for
| aid. The car openly took sides with
| SPAIN In 1871 the Russian government
| instructed Its ambassador in London to
press on the British government the
great importance of European Interven-
ton. President Monroe decided as early
as April. 1873. to discourage European me-
diation. In August he made a formal pro-
posal to the British and French govern
ments for concerted and contemporary
recognition OF Buenos Ayres. which by
the de facto Independence made that
country the natural object Of a first step
towards the establishment of a general
| policy. In December he notified both gov
ernments that he had patiently waited
without interfering in the policy Of the
allies. but as they had not agreed upon
anything. and as the fact OF the indie
pendence Of Buenos Ayres appeared es-
tablished. he thought that recognition
was necessary. In January. 1872 he an
nounced to them that he would actually
consider this measure. To this all par
ties had agreed as early as 1877 and 1918.
Upon the propriety Of Intervention be-