New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-01-05

/ country a province of some continental non-
archy. The new generation which had grown up
| under her hands knew nothing Of such fears BY
experience. and in the next reign to be as
much amused as frightened by the prolonged ef-
fort Of the coming Charles to secure Spanish
bride.
In the shadoo OF the Hapsburg power France
which he'd hitherto been feudal needed. as much
as England. ruler who could evoke the latent
national feeling Their also the proper person
was found to be one who had less thought for
dynasties than for the country which he served
| Cardinal Richclieu had two great forces to over
come. that Of the feudal nobility AT home and
that Of the House Of Hapsburg abroad His prob
| lem was one which could hardly be solved merely
| by waiting Yet his plans were not such as he
might have chosen. but such as forced upon
/ him The mobiles IN league with the Spanish
| Hapaburgs and so he had strife at home and
abroad by turns. Elizabeth. by waiting on the
people. taught Engshmen how to consrain and
! restrict the monarchy. Richclieu, In France,
forced to beat down foreign and domestic OPP
position had to pretend hat there was some
/ force behind him. Whether at the outset this
was real force or not. II became one as he pro-
! c,eied and lin the end the French Government
( suddenly found Itself absolute at home and SUI
pcror to its enemies abroad"
/ Elizabeth. by letting her people have their way,
| made them sufficient h. themselves and insular
/ in their thought. by preference they turned
/ away from Europe rather than toward It, But
| Richceu had to teach his people to face unitedly
1 tho Powers about them. II was almost az II he
were drilling an army hanging all the mutineers
and doserter1 and driving the faithful soldiers
to that condition OF mind IN which he had to do
| all their thinking for them. They were to con-
| ouer He or the Government Of which he was
/ the soul was - command. The mere fact that
the domestic enemies of the central government
were in relation clCsc with the external erN-
! mics prepared the way for absoutism on the
side OF the King and for an eNtravagant loyalty
on the part Of the people. To the family soil
darlty of the Ifapsburgs and TO the political de-
vic Of royal marriage Rcheeu opposed the UNI
conscious preferences of the French people.
Where n modern statesman would have appealed
10 the idea u nationality. Rlchclieu appealed
merely t. an instinct. lie set himself I'm deter
mined spirit against the family view ~ politics.
/ opposing 10 II an idea not precisely Of nation
! aty but 81 the state or pubic good" He did
this az the Minister Of family which. In the per-
son II Henry ". had asserted hereditary right
/ with better success than II had ever met before.
ami which. in the person Of Louis XIV. to
b iuil the weapon az Toy al 'ds' dHh'i0t W.
/ Hapsburgs themselves when he established hs
grandson IN the throne 4 spain" Rlchel!au de-
fled the royal family " France. lie expelled the
Queen-m other from the country. He ostenta-
tiously d!sregardcd family relationships IN his
foreign policy and he so strengthened France
AID SO impressed his main IDEA upon the grow
ing nation that the vi low -: Louis XIII. herself
/ n spanish Princess. had 1, carry out. az Regent,
his plan Of crushing and overwhelming the Span
sh monarchy. II Richclieu could have risen from
the grave he would certainly have watched the
proceedings o. the beautiful Queen Regent with
cynical delight
But France was not yet lone with rulers who
could the absurd and dangerous side of family
politics. Richelieu soon followed by Mazarin
-Mazarln who felt 81 little the drawing Of family
ties that he prevented his own niece from be-
coming Queen OF France Like Eicheeu. he did
his best t. exclude thu family element from in
ternat!onli politics lie completed the task
which Riche.ieu began. that OF making the Bour-
bon n national ruler. instead Of Il mere dynast.
BY bringing out the fact that France was really
homogeneous and united. the two great Cardinals
made Louis XIV possible. but they also made an
other King as absolute az he impossible - 1T
tie wac Mazarin arenable 10 merely dynastic or
royal considerations that ne refused to oppose the
Parliamentary Republic In England n soon as he
discovered its strength This aspect OF h,s policy
is int ercsting also showing that he was indif-
ferrnt even to the claims Of the Church when
these were opposed to the principle of nationality.
He saw that the leaven of English freedom
at work In France also. n "a there he set himself
TO destroy II because his conviction WAS that the
existence o.; France depended on the monarchy.
But his refusal to interven" in England with
drew the last obstacle To national development
tive part. by the expulsion u the Stuarts the
connection by ties of n lily and marriage be-
tween the Government England and foreign
Governments was absolutely dissolved"
When the Stuarts returned they did the
pensioners Of France. But they could not shake
the purposes of the nation They wavered be-
tween the national policy which had been
handed down from Elizabeth and Cromwell
and II dynastc policy which could only be car
ricd out by foreign help and by conspiracy
Compared with what begun In Cromwell's
time. and with what really done In that
OF William and Mary the foreign policy OF
Charles and James looks petty. They kept the
country In state OF suspicion and panic, and
they demonstrated in their own despite that