davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
RACK FOR BICYCLES.
How to Transport Machines by Rail With.
out Injuring Them.


out Injuring Them.
The number of bicyclists who travel
by train from ten to hundred miles
into the country before mounting their
wheels is already great and constant
ly increasing. A difficult problem for
railroad men to solve has, therefore,
arisen: How to transport these hun
dreds of machines without damage and
at the same time so arrange them that
they will take up as little space as pos
sible in the baggage cars.
One of the cleverest devices of this
sort is the invention of a Frenchman,
NJ. Joseph Oller, who, curiously enough,
is theatrical manager, being the di-
rector of the Olympia, the Moulin
I.ouge and the Jardin de Paris. 1t may
not inaptly be called the bicycle grip
SACK
This apparatus consists, first, of an
iron circle eight or ten feet in diameter,
having a sort of track about it's outer
rim, which is fastened to the floor of
the car. In the center of this circular
piece of iron rises an iron standard,
which is the axis from which radiate
ten sets of arms, the upper ones being
the length of a bicycle placed on end
distant from the lower. The outer ends
Of the lower arms are fastened to an
other iron rim the same size as the one
upon the floor of the car. Between the
two are numerous rollers, which per-
nit it to revofve easily.
Between these two arms, the upper
and the lower, the bicycle is placed on
end. The lower arm is, as has been
said, fixed, but the upper is movable
and held in place by stout spring.
When the bicycle is placed between
them the upper arm, the under side
of which is condave, presses down
firmly upon the tire of the bicycles
front wheel, thus holding the machine
firmly in place. A strap is passed
around the handle bar and the other
end attached to the top of the standard
in the center of the circle, thus pre-
renting the possibility of the wheel
slipping out of it's place.
1t is claimed that with this device it
is possible to transport bicycles for
long distances by rail without the
slightest risk of their being injured in
any way en- route.
The advantage of the movable frame
in which the bicycles are placed is
that it greatly facilitates the unloading
of the wheels. When a station is
reached where a bicycle is to be taken
off the frame is whirled around until
the machine to be unloaded is nearest
the door. A touch of the hand re-
leases the trap and spring and the
wheel is in the hands of it's owner in
less than a minute. Every wheelman
who has travelled by rail is familiar
with the vexatious delays that often
occur in unloading the cargo of wheels.
IN. Y. World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
tricks in the Horse Trade.

There is an old saying that there
are tricks in all trades, but somehow or
other horse trades seem to be fuller
of tricks than any other trades" a
new dodge in that line is reported from
Philadelphia. A proprietor in an up
town hotel in that city patronized
largely by agriculturists was very anx-
ious to sell horse to friend from the
country, but the latter had some doubt
as to the animals speed. The two
agreed upon a certain day for drive
in the park, and in the meantime the
hotel man had not been idle. They
were bowling along at pace which was
scarcely calculated to create any great
excitement when park guard who
had previously been fixed" arrested
the owner of the horse for driving
faster than the allowed 500 gait. He
willingly paid his fine of five dollars,
and his companion was SO impressed by
the occurrence that he Immediately pur-
chased the horse.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
SOUND OF THE SUNBEAM.

Delicate Mechanism Which Determines
the Vocal Properties of Color.
One of the most wonderful discov
cries in science that have been made
within the last year or two is the fact
A beam of sunlight is thrown through
q lens on a glass vessel that contains
lampblack, colored silk or worsted or
other substances, says writer in Pear
sons Weekly. A disk having Sits or
openings cut in it is made to revolvc
swiftly in this beam of light SO as
to cut it up, thus making alternate
flashes of light and shadow.
On putting the ear to the s lass YES
sci strange sounds are heard so long
as the flashing beam is falling on the
vessel. Recently more wonderful dis
covery has been made. A beam of sum
light is caused to pass through prism
so as to produce what is called the solar
spectrum, or rainbow. The disk is
turned and the colored light of the rain
bow is made to break through it.
Now place the ear to the vessel con-
tanning the silk, wool or other material.
AS the colored lights of the spectrum
fall upon it sounds will be given by diff
ferent parts of the spectrum and there
will be silence in other parts.
For instance, if the vessel contains
red worsted and the green light flashes
upon it loud sounds will be given. Only
feeble sounds will be heard if the red
and blue parts of the rainbow fall upon
the vessel and other colors make no
sound at all. Green silk gives sounds
best in red light.
Every kind of material gives more or
less sound in different colors and utters
no sound in Others
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
BREAD "a q Cattle Food.

An English farmer who is feeding
bread to stock apparently finds it
cheap as well as a satisfactory ration.
1t would be interesting to know if others
of his class are doing likewise. The
fact would seem less strange if the
farmer were feeding his own wheat
crop, but inquiry has elected the state
ment that the farmer buys the wheat
and has it ground all one way and
baked in an ordinary manner, using the
bread for his own table as well as for
cattle. His plan of feeding is to COM
mence with about four pounds per day
for each feeding beast, gradually in
creasing the allowance till, when finish
ing off, eight pounds per day are Civ
en-. The bread is sliced up with long
slicing knife, similar to that used on
small farms for slicing turnips by
hand. The farmer speaks of the bread
in the highest terms as a cattle food,
saying that all cattle are particularly
fond of it and grow and feed on it in
most satisfactory manner.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03

HOMEMADE MARKER.

each end. Then fasten two parked
poles (a) over the two center cross
PIECES, giving the frame the desired
slant, allowing the pole to project
three feet back of frame and fasten tc
another barked pole (e) 13 feet long,
running parallel with the frame; at
the same time give The two poles the
proper shape for shafts. Brace the
handle pole (e) with two-inch strips
(d) fastened to the lower end of cross
Dieces(c) and to the top of endpieces.
Grace the shafts crosswise from the
handle to the shaft poles two feet in
front of the frame, also by a heavy
wire extending from the top of the end
crosspieces to the shafts, two feet FROM
the front end. A siDgletree ~ is Sc
cured to the Y. Bore holes in the mid
die of each long frame strip, and every
six inches each way, through which, by
the use of bolts, the marking legs (fl,
3b or four feet long, are fastened any
desired distance apart, care being taken
to have the draft as evenly divided
as possible by having the legs the same
distance from the center on each side.
Let the end leg trace the last mark
made, and all rows will be of a uniform
width. In turning, hook the elbows
under the pole, using the hands II
Guide the horse around.-Orange Judd
Farmer
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03

ufnclary % ihr "a per. adc TO the New
Iov.S : az assembly.
The social committee On good roads
uf!:orjIed by the last assembly re-
W! d, as follows:
.i%t-T Aaj tA"re be- at Albany a cen
ri head, whlcl Shall act in an adj
sorry capacity aud shall have the SUI
eriEterdence of all roads hereafter
'u.it, the prime idea being that the
maximum of utility shall be reached
With the II: inimum cost.
G>cond-I hat state aid to the amount
If one-third shall be given, subject to
crtain conditions and restrictions. and
that the initiative may be taken by
three alternative methods-(a) upon
the petition of benefited district pay
ing one-th I'D, the county one-third. and
the state one-third; (b) upon petition
of the town or by a resolution duly
passed at any annual or special town
meeting, in which event the town, coun-
ty and stat shall each pay one-third,
and (c) upon a resolution of the board
Of supervisors petitioning for county
road, of which the county is to pay two
thirds and the state one-third.
Third-That the number of road Of
ficers be decreased, and that there be
one commissioner of highways only
in each town, who shall act in connec-
ton with the town board.
Fourth-That the present wretched
"pathmaster" system shall be abol-
ished, and the money system of taxa
ton for highway purposes be used
throughout the state.
Fifth-That there be a wide-tire law
throughout the state. to take effect
in the year 1000, and regulating the
width of tire to the weight carried.
Sixth-That the convicts in the state
prisons be utilized for the purpose of
manufacturing the material for road
beds at the prisons.
Each of these recommendations is
accompanied by en- appropriate bill.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03

compacts the still damp material in
its new position. A rain may soften
some of it again. Sc much the bet
ter. The scraper trims it smooth again,
and about the third time the road is
smooth, hard, compact and dry. It
sheds the water of storm, because of
its curve. and especially because of
solid, impenetrable surface of tough,
dry material. Thus it remains and acts
until frost sets in. If the freeze-up is
rapid, the road is all tight and remains
so. If alternate freezing and thawing
takes place it will roughen up some
what, but the bitches are at work and
very little water can remain in the road
way, and the road don't get bad enough
to speak of.
1T takes water and clay to make
mud. Get the water out as soon as
possible. The bitches do that, and it
is no longer in the roadway, therefore
not much mud. 1t has been a very
interesting study to me, and I have
watched it in all its Iarying phases for
many years."
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
GOOD EARTH ROADS.

facts To Ete Remembered by Those En-
trusted with Making Them.
How to make a good country road is
I problem of widespread interest. In
iarge areas of the country, common
Farth roads will have to answer all
purposes for some time to come. In
recent number of the Pittsburgh Dis
fatch, Mr.. John M. Burn describes a
plan he has followed Tor several years
Nlth entire satisfaction, as follows:
Cut the bitches down three or four
teet lower than the roadway, use
t"o-horse scraper to curve the surface,
|ihd the natural forces set in opera
pom will do all the rest. The water
lralns out of the body of the roadway.
me mud surface dries and toughens
II II dries, the scraper fills all ruts
nu cuts away all vegetation, the sun
no ar dry hornhard surface; rain
forms simply wash it off clean, AMI
an hour or so after the rain it is as
faru as before. 1 present it as the
HOST effective solution of the prob
an OF making good country roads with
ltle expense.
Inc greater portion of clay roads
iooaply 90 per cent? are in front
farms and owned or rented by people
~ 10 not have the money necessary
ndeadamize (stone) them. They
"ily cannot afford to do so, and it
really to their assistance / desire
uirect these thoughts. This is such
supple matter and so thoroughly ef-
c'iVe that l desire you to consider
: analysis. The existence of the open
''en with clean bottom gives water
ohance to drain out of the body of
= roadway and run away. The tough
uu worked up by hoofs and wheels
ecomes tougher and more compact
IL drains from below and dries from
Dove.
ne scraper drawn by two slow draft
ses attacks the surface when suf-
.ently dry, all loose stones are moved
~ the wheel tracks, everything is
oveu towards the middle of the road
~, no vegetation remains between
"neelways and the bitches, travel
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03

made partially of shorts. When the
eat, and feed good, rich slops made
of shorts and milk. Feed the pigs no
grain until they weigh about hun
dred pounds. Fat them in the clover
pasture. Raise two sets of pigs, March
and April and October.
The speaker does not sell any wheat,
but feeds it ground to his hogs. He
does not cook it. Claims it is healthier
raw; also more economical. Advises
growing beets for swine.
Regards care and good sanitation the
best methods to keep off disease. Keep
good quantity of slack lime about the
houses and use it freely. Also barrel
of crude carbolic acid for disinfecting
Do not permit the hogs to have filthy
wallow. If they make low places in
the lots, fill them up. If it rains and
lime in them or fill them up. Remove
the bedding often and burn it, Lime
the pens and sleeping places. Care is
the best prevention of disease. During
the cholera season the speaker does not
permit anyone to go into his swine
pens without first having changed his
shoes. He keeps a few pairs of shoes
about the premises for this purpose.
The disease can be carried in the cloth
ing, and especially on the shoes, from
one farm to another. He does not per-
init dog to come on the farm. A dogs
foot is very handy thing in which the
germs of cholera may be carried and
left on another farm. The germs may
be carried on the animals body and
left where they will spread the disease
in other herds.--Indiana Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03

same wooden bolt that fastens the
door when closed may by a very simple
arrangement be made to secure the
door to the rafters out of the way. The
openings E E e let the pigs out to be
fed on the floor in front, which floor
may, if required, be divided by portable
panels at a a.
When more expensive hog house is
wanted, a double row of pens may be
constructed, that will admit sunshine
to all the pens through glass. I have
noticed several built after the style
shown in the annexed drawing. The
size for eight pens is "a feet long by 90
feet wide. which makes the pens six
by eight feet, with four-foot hall rum
ming between their two rows. The main
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
Breed to the Game Trotting Horse
ssCURRITO."
Get Fine CoacherS from
GA SIP ARD -
Low Prices. $I5 and $25.

The farmers of FredericK County have rare
char ce offered them to get fine road hor- es and
splendid coach horses from he two standard
bred sta lions CURRITO and GASPA RD.i
CURRITO, The game trotting stallion OF
Maryland, with a record over poor halfmie
track of 2:l7s4, is regarded by horsemen as one
of the gamest and most promising young sires
in the country His colts are all perfect beau
ties and born trotters. For the season. only
$500.
GASPAP D, the oldest son of the great SEA
KING, has already some of the finest colts in
the county; they can be seen at Mr., Charles
Targets, Mr.. Arthur Potts at Mr.. John
Weller's. Fal mers having fine large mares
should breed to this splendid young horse.
Get coach horse or fine road horse and II
will be the best investment on the farm. Breed
only TO the best; a good horse is always in de-
mand; on the other hand, it is hard to give
poor one away GASPARD will stand for the
season Tor only SIS 90
This Is great chance for farmers who have
fine large mares. Get colt from one of these
standardized stations.
TERMS.-Payabe at end of season. Mares
not in foal will be allowed return privilege.
Apply to MICHAEL KNELL,
Manager for Col. L. VICTOR BAUGHMAN,
feb. 2l-2m. near Frederick
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
AMONG THE POULTRY.

The nonsetters are the best egg pro-
ducers.
Geese are chiefly valuable for their
feathers.
Do not discard q variety as useless
after one trial.
It is poor economy to stint the feed
Of growing chickens.
The principal point when chickens
are to he sold IL earliness.
Keep a supply of ground bone where
the fowls can help themselves.
Fresh earth in the poultry quarters
for. scratching and busting is indis-
pensable.
When the young chickens seem
droopy examine them closely for lice
especially around the throat and under
the wings.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
PREVENT POTATO SCAB.
Care in the Selection of Seed and Lane
the Two Prime Requisites.

Care in the Selection of Seed and Land
the Two Prime Requisites.
Experiments relating to potao scab
show that it will infect turnips, beets,
and possibly other root crops, catch
ing from one kind to another. Scabby
seed will produce scabby crop, and
land where a scabby crop was grown
this year will produce a scabby crop
next year. Barnyard manure Increases
the disease, hence, to prevent scab, plant
healthy seed on clean land and use
commercial fertilizers. If scabby seed
must be planted, first soak them an
hour and half in Is gallons of water in
which go ounces of corrosive sub
Innate has been dissolved. This will
cost 25 cents and will treat enough
seed for five acres Soak seed before
cutting, and wash dirt off before soak
ing.
The sublimate is strong poison and
corrodes metals; hence mix in a wooden
vessel and exercise great care. Put the
mixture in barrel and dip in bushel
at time in a loosely woven sack, and
spread out to dry. The Rhode Island
station confirms above points and adds
two years tests there prove conclusive
ly that lime and ashes aggravate po-
tato scab, which constitutes a serious
objection to their use on potato lands.
Observation on potato blight indi-
Gates that it is caused by fungus and
is invited by hot, dry weather and by
ravages of the f1ea-beetle. Cultivate
often and shallow, and spray vines with
Bordeaux mixture (six pounds copper
sulphate, four pounds of lime, % gal
ions water.) If potato bugs are about,
add one-fourth of a pound of paris
green. This kills bugs, beetles and
8fungus.-St. Louis Journal of Agri-
culture.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
CONVENIENT PIGGERY.

Description and Illustrations Of Cheap
Hog House and Pens.
These pens may be either single and
movable, or built more cheaply, two or
more together. The usual size of far
rowing pen is six by seven feet. The
walls, which are double, face the south.
In the accompanying Fig. 1, the front
walls, D D D, are three feet high, and
the openings above three by six feet,
Each opening may be closed with a
swing door, B, as shown in pen one. To
open this door for ventilation and light,
or other purposes, swing it back as
shown at C in pen adjoining, and the
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
INEXPENSIVE SHELTER.

How to Make the Pigs Comfortable In
Inclement Weather.
On many farms the hogs are kept in
pens in one end of a large shed, or other
building that is likely to be cold in
winter, even though the walls may be
secure against the entrance of wind.
Growth cannot be expected when an
animal is suffering from cold. If the
hogpen cannot be made warm, one may
at least build such place as is suggest
ed in the accompanying sketch. In
one corner of the pen is built small
boxlike affair, just large enough for
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
SUCCESS WITH SWINE.
An Epitome of the Methods Pursued by 9
Prosperous Indiana Man.

An Epitome of the Methods Pursued by =
Prosperous Indiana Man.
In speaking of swine breeding by
the professional breeder and also by
the general farmer, James Riley, before
the Huntington county farmers insti-
tute, said, although there was depres-
sion in the swine market, he would
advise going ahead regardless of the
low prices. Prices would be better
next year.
Preparations should be made to care
for swine before commencing in this
industry. Every farmer should have
a hog house and a hog ranch. The hog
house should be so arranged that it is
easy of access from the several lots
into which the feeding ranch is di-
vided, and provided with feeding floors,
sleeping rooms, water fountains and
properly constructed feeding troughs.
Hogs must have clean quarters and per-
feet sanitation. They must have fresh
water all the time, plenty of shade in
the summer, and lots sufficiently large
to afford good exercise. By providing
healthy quarters and keeping them
clean there would be less swine disease.
Farmers should study the makeup
and conformation of the hog. He
should be full-chested and of good
constitutional vigor. Every farmer
should educate himself upon the points
that make good hog. Plenty of clover
pasture should be provided for the hogs,
especially the brood sows. A month be-
fore narrowing time the SOW should be
put in one of the ranch lots and fed
bran Stops. After narrowing feed slops
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
FIG. 27EIGHT-PEN HOG HOUSE, GLAst
WINDOWS.

elevation, see A A A in Fig. 2, is six
feet, there being one window in the
same for each pen. The second eleva-
ton at B B B is four feet, the windows
placed in it admitting plenty of sun
light into the back row of pens.
Fig. is an end view of the same
bu iIay The r iof The PURPOSE are
4 making, and the hunters who had pre-
! viously become discouraged and refused
to kill. any more found their occupa
ton renewed and profitable. In the las
two years the stock has been cleaned
out, the wombat has become scarce ant
the prices have advanced proportionate
/ ly. Everything seems to be declining il
| quantity but the raccoon, the slkunl
and the Chinese dog or monk, and thesi
constitute the bulk of furs from which
the coats are manufactured to-day.
The buffalo coat at one time was thu
most popular of them all, and it was tbs
prevalence of the buffalo that gave st
Paul such start in the industry of ful
coatmaking. At the time the buffalo
were plenty on the western plains full J
90 per cent. of the fur coats manufac
tured were made of buffalo skins. L
was great industry, not alone for the
Indian, but the white hunter, who
flnclled to the buffalo swamps bv the
way. and should be laSt four feet |
wi de. so that whcn opt led they will |
reach across and close the hallway. |
which will re f0"id great conven-
icncr in hanG.l.r@ -. as it enables orc |
person unaitied 10 sort Gu; AID scra, ate
a number. and arrange them as he nay
wish
A. TO the floors for Fig pens, there
are divergent opn!&@s. That the dirt |
floor is the hralt hiCr have no doubt, |
but il is far more troublesome to keep |
III good order. If board floors are used. |
they should not be nailed down, but |
so put in that they may be taken out.
Great care also should be had that a
crack in the floor does not admit a
draught of air.
Again, serious objections are raised
against building a lot of pens under
one roof. some breeders favoring indi-
vidual pens that can be moved from
place to place. For brood sows at far
rowing time a single pen is far pref |
cradle. For wintering lot of hogs
the larger one is better. AS many as
co to 100 pigs can be arranged in the
eight-pen shed above described, and
still there need be no trouble. Use
disinfectants freely. Sprinkle with
carbolic acid. Use mercurial ointment
to keep pens free from lice. Change
the bedding frequently. Give the pigs
the run of the pastures on pleasant
days. With this kind of care your
cluster of pig pens will be all right
G. W. Waters. in st. Louis Journal of !
Agriculture.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-03
SERVICEABLE MARKER.
IFS Inventor Thinks 1t Is the Best Thing
of Its Kind.

its Inventor Ihihks II As inc Dest Inlng
of Its Kind.
have used many different markers
If various patterns, but none have
ciyen me more satisfaction than the
one here described and illustrated.
which is one of my own invention.
While / would not advise it's use in
breaking colts, have drawn stragh:
rows with it, and with skittish horse.
NV using one hand to guide the horse,
snd the other to steady the marker.
Take two pieces (bl one inch thick,
three inches wide, and ID feet long.
I, these fasten four crosspieces (c),
two inches wide and 30 inches long,
two feet three inches and six feet
three inches from the center toward