davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
THE COMPETITOR CASE.
Testimony of Messrs. Lawrence and
Diaz Regarding Martial.

WASHINGTON. ID. c., June THE
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
this afternoon removed the injunction OF
secrecy from the testimony In relation
TO Cuban affairs of Frederick w. Law
renee and Re- A. j. Diaz.
Lawrence. referring 10 the arrest OF
Alfred Laborde and Milton. who were on
the Competitor. said that so far as the
testimony of the men who captured them
before the court-martial went 1t showed
that neither Of the men had arms upon
their persons. They were taken TO Ha-
bana, tried by general court-martial,
against the energetic protest Of the United
States Consul-General. and condemned to
death their sentences being delayed by
the Madrid Government at the request
Of Secretary Olney. From an American
point OF view. these prisoners were not
assisted by counsel, but from n Spanish
point OF view they had counsel. This
counsel consisted of a lieutenant in the
navy. who asked no questions, and who
cross-examined no witnesses. No wit
nesses were produced but Captain Burton
and the other officers Of the Mansajera.
The lieutenant asked for clemency for
Laborde. on account OF the illustrious
place his name had borne in the Spanish
navy. and for Milton. because he was
not there for the purpose Of fighting. but
merely In the prosecution OF his business
as a newspaper correspondent.
When asked If any evidence was given
at the trial to show how far the Com
petitor was from the shore when cap
tured, Mr.. Lawrence said there was no
evidence given whatever, on any subject
The men were tried about a week after
their arrest. and when Consul Williams
was told by the judge-advocate that the
investigation was 10 be a summary
trial." Mr.. Williams refused to lend any
official recognition to 1t. and protested
against ii.
No officer OF the United States Consul
lar Service was present at the trial.
Neither the prosecutor nor the counsel
for the defence asked a single question
OF anybody. Not a particle of testi-
mony was offered. except that Of the
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
Negro BADLY Cut.

This morning. about 1:50 o'clock, Lewis
Tinsley and Walter Hooker, both colored,
got into a difficulty on Duval street
which ended by the latter whipping out
razor and cutting Tinsley a terrible cash
5 inches long in the left side. just below
the heart. Tinsley was sitting on his
porch with his wife. and claims that
Hooker passed by and made some inde-
cent remarks. DR.. Nichols was summon
ed. and dressed the wound, which he
thinks is not necessarily a serious one.
Hooker was arrested by Officer Harrison
Schumacher and lodged at the Third sta
tiOn- House
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
CASE OF sEABoARD AIRLINE.
IL IL Turned over TO Department of
Justlcc.

WASHINGTON. June 5.-Postmaster-
General Wilson has turned over to the
Department Of Justice the case of the
Seaboard Airline railroad. recommending
the prosecution Of the officials of that
road. If, in the opinion of the Attorney
General. such action is advisable. The
papers in the case submitted 10 the De-
partment of Justice allcge that the Sea-
board Airline is guilty OF an attempt
TO defraud the government by padding
the mails during the month OF March
last. during which month the test-weigh-
In, OF mail matter over that line was
made in order 20 form an estimate OF the
amount OF matter carried by the road,
which would enable the Post-Office De-
nartment TO make a four-years' contract
Tor such service. and fix the rate OF COM
ncnsatiOn.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
sunday Excursion to Old Point md
Norfolk. via &. d ..
81 ROUND "TRIP.

on next Sunday, June eth, special fast
train will leave Richmond at $50 A. NJ.
for old Point and Norfolk via Chesapeake
leave Old Point at 7 Il. NJ. Norfolk pas-
sengers returning should use $3.50 p. NJ
train OF same date, or 7 A. NJ. train the
Monday following. on which trains Nor
folk tickets will also be recognized.
Fare, 81 round-trip 10 either Old Point
or Norfolk. The Chesapeake and Ohio
stone-ballast track. free OF dust. makes
this a most delightful trip. Stop will be
made only at Newport News pier. Spe-
cial rates for dinner at Chamberlin.
Hygeia, and Sherwood hotels.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
Uitinnder Leaders Released.

LONDON, June ga dispatch from Pre-
toria 10 the Pail Mall Gazette says that
the four leaders of the johannesburg Re
form Committee Lionel Phillips. Colonel
Francis Rhodes. George Farrar and John
Hays Hammond-whose condemnation 10
death was recently cOmmuted to fifteen
years imprisonment, have been released
on parole
Mr.. Hammond. the dispatch says. Is
about sailing for Southampton. en- route
for the United States. IL IS reported that
each Of the four was fined $1,000
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
Cuban Train Blown Up.

HABANA, June 5.-A train which left
San Nicolas with a number OF workmen
on beard. 10 repair damages along the line
Of the railroad, is reported to have been
blown up by dynamite The locomotive
and cars composing the train were thrown
into a culvert. and the trainmaster and a
number Of the workmen were more or less
seriously injured
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
Nominations Confirmed.

WASHINGTON, ID. c.. June 5.-The
Senate has confirmed the following nomi-
nations.
William Churchill. OF New York. TO be
Consul-Genoral at Apia. Samoa.
John n. VandNer to be postmaster at
Rome, Ga.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
Tna Missouri PopuIIsfs.

ST LOUIS. MO. June 5.-Chairman Ro-
sole OF the STATE Committee Of the Peo-
p.t pT.t,,,,6tntton 10 be held at Sedalia July
S1s,' Sath seven hundred delesates will be
S.,n. SsenJ chairman Roselle declares that
ppll talk OF a possible combination OF Pop
uilse1 "a" c,Id he: "We will put up a
lnoou,niete louuJit ticket from a TO Y. with not one
ccon9idaie on It who IS not, beyond ques-
..nn a Thoroughbred Populist.'
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
GENERAL LEE CALLS on wEYLEB.
The Interview Cordial-Dnwley VIII
Probably Soon lie Released.

HABANA. June 5.-Consul-General
Fitzhugh Lee visited Captain-General
Weyler to-day. The interview was cor
dial In the course of the conversation
General Lee touched on the case of Daw-
ley, the correspondent OF Harper's Week
ly. who was arrested two days ago. and
is now confined in Morro Castle. Gene
raj Weyler # is said, promised that a
prompt investigation should be made into
the matter. 1t Is believed that Dawley
will soon be released. on condition that
he leave the island.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
The Campos-Dorrero DneI.

MADRID. June 5.-The government has
submitted the matter OF a duel between
Marshal Martinez CampOs and General
Borrero TO the Supreme Court Of Military
and Naval Appeals The excitement oc-
casioned by the threatened duel continues
TO grow. The affaii has restored much OF
MaIahal Camnns.s nOnularILN.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
Probably Fatal DimcuIty.

MONTGOMERY, ALA. June IA spe-
cial 10 the Advertiser from Selma Ala.
says: Tonight at II o'clock a difficulty
occurred between Llewellyn Pitts and Ed
Moet. both prominent men. In which the
went 10 the room of Pitts, where the
difficulty occurred. There were no wit
nesses OF the duel. Both men emptied
their pistols. Molet was hit in the abdo-
men, and the ball passed entirely through
his body"
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06

The handsome Carriages and Bridal
Brougham, and also Awnings for the
Tennant-Fairfax marriage. were fur
nished by r. g. Hicks. the lveryman.
Mr. Hicks has the handsomest livery in
the South, and always gives his personal
attention 10 all weddings entrusted 10
his care. His prices are liberal and are
cheaper. considering the quality OF livery
ne furnishes.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
GoLD-sTANDARD CONFERENCE.
"Honest-NOncy" and "Honest-Pri-
mary Democrats Call IL.

CHICAGO, ILL, June 5.-On the invi-
tation OF the "honest-money' and the
"honest-primary" organization of Cook
county Democrats, a conference Of gold
standard party-leaders from all parts of
Illinois will be held here Saturday. to
report the status of the silver movement,
upon which to base a decision as 10 the
advisability of calling State convention
separate from the one to be held at
Peoria. which is expected to vote for
free silver and Altgeld's nomination.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
Arizona for Free silver.

TUCSON, ARIZ.. June 5.-All the coun-
ties save one have elected delegates to
the Democratic Territorial Convention.
which meets the Sth instant. All the dele
gates are instructed 10 vote only for dele
gates to Chicago pledged to free-siyer
COINAGE
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
The Weather.
- WASHINGTON. June 5.-Forecast
IFAIR lfor Virginia: Fair. warmer weather;
Jeasterly to southerly winds.

North Carolina-GeneralIy fair weather;
easterly winds.
The barometer is relatively high on the
Atlantic and North Pacific coasts. ana
,here IA an area OF low pressure covering
the region north OF Montana.
The weather will continue generally
fair in the Atlantic Coast districts. and
the cloudiness will increase. with local
thunder-storms. from the central and
lower Mississippi Valley westward to the
Rocky mountains.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
sydnor & Hundiey.

Refrigerators! Refrigerators!
Refrigerators! Refrigerators!
Refrigera .ors! Refrigerators!
SYDNOR & HUNDLEY.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06

Headquarters for the Latest Idens
in Writing g-Papers-styles. shapes. tints,
finish, and cheap prices.
HUNTER A. co
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
1m HrTLER BOND BILL.
~ the House Ways and

v-. 'e"ns Committee Thereon.
90 ,t. 'ii NRioN. June 5.--Mr. Dingley.
or u lNe chairman Of the Committee
u Nays ana Means. presented 10 tho
49, This afternoon the report OF tho
~ 'eiy members of the committee on
..."ale h.il "to prohibit the further
re ei iniercst-bearing bonds"
''i0" recites The resumption act
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
New books at Hunter & Co.'S.
creenhrier Mhitc suInhur snrinns.

West Virginia. The representative resort
Of the South. Season 1896 June LIST to
october lst Accommodation. 1000 guests.
Special inducements to families. Corres-
pondence solicited. l.. w. Scoville, Mgr.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06

In Groves Tasteless Chill Tonic you
know whaf you are taking. IL is simply
Iron and Qulnine i'm a tasteless form. IL
is sold on a guarantee-No cure no pay.
prlcn Snn
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06

Tnke Horsford's Nc'"
II makes a refreshing. cooling beverage,
and IS an invigorating tonic, soothihg "
the nerves. ..-s.--.--i&.--- - - -
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06

Tpy WEATHER IN RICHMOND YESTERDAY
was cloudy the greater portion OF the day.
The skies at midnight vera cloudless.
State of Thermometers
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-06-06
BibIes-Job Lot-Reduced.

one fourth to one half on-Hunter & Co
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09
l,u.cn ra,er,l Car.

A funeral car in Holland Is the queer
est, most medieval looking Of con.
veyanccs. Imagine The horses entirely
hidden under long. sweeping draperies
of black cloth, lil,. the stccds in the
illustrations to Froissart. These drap-
cries reach to the ground and all that
n seen Of the horse is his solemn eyes
pecring through the eye holes. The
car itself Is. driven by . coachman
draped also in black, with perfectly
huge shovel hat, rather like that of
Don Basilio in 1.-The Barber Of Seville" +"
only much more exaggerated; while
the coffin, or its absence, is completely
hidden from view by the mass OF heavy
black drapcries that descend from the
roof OF the car nearly to level with
the wheels. On the whole, the car
looks like perambulating mass OF
black cloth, and is sneither imposing nor
beautcous, though distinctly antique in
Appearance
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09
LeFT-HANoEo PARROTS.

Curioas Observation Of Ono Who Haa
Much to Do with Animals.
Superintendent Sol Stephan, of tho
Cincinnati Zoo, has made oil sorts OF
curious discoveries in the habits and
characteristics of ANIMALS, the lates,
Of which, Gays the Enquirer, In that
NJ s5ep6.n hss been ,'s endessoarina1e tssa9n1etl &
verify this observatson ON two parrots
lately brought from Mexico. He found
that In grasping a finger offered as a
perch, the parrots almost always put
the left foot forward.
Usually the finger thus offered is that
of the right hand. But when the left
finger is offered to the parrots, thew
put forward the right foot. There is,
however, apparently small residuum
OF preference for the left foot. This
seems to be due to the fact that men
are usually right-handed and offer the
right hand to the parrot.
The left foot is the one naturally put
forward by the parrot in this case, anil
through repetition of this action e
species Of lcft-footedness is induced
Mr.. Stephan's general conclusion is
that there is no evidence that the parrot
is naturally left-footed.
The appearance of that left-footed-
ness is due entirely to the fact that
those who offer the finger or food to
parrots do so. us fulc, with the right
hand. Repetition of this process makes
the parrot more or less left-handed in
time
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09
ne way to offend a politician is to
et him with a batch Of his ante
lntion predictions, after the con-
nm
veterans like Senator Hill can
to smile at the presidential poses
e6oy. Russell. of Mass.
eddition to her other troubles Spain
erlng from a drought which may
famine.
E SHIPPING OF ANIMALS.
p on Ocean Voyages to Receive Il
Hest ef Cars and Attention.

0n OeShn NogRSos To Hecsfvo tA9
Best ef CNrs and Attention.
q The Improvement IN the atfange-
usbhts made for the protection Of ami
mails during THE voyage across the Ate
1antic are said by Mr.. Ternan, principal
Of the animals division of the board of
ag1ic ulturc, to have fairly kept pace
with the increase of the trade. During
tho early days, according to the London
News, the losses, owing gtotempestuous
weather, bad ventilation and other
causes, were often of q very serious
character, and in rome cascs resulted
in the destruction of the entire living
cargo. AS experience was gained, how
ever, an improvement took place. and
since the year 1859, when the losses
among cattle amounted to no less than
FL of every thousand that were en-
harked, there has been a steady de-
crease in the mortality among this class
Of animals, until, in 1893, it was re-
duced to three per Thousand, and dur
ing the year 1904 to five per thousand
Sheep nre at oil times bad travellers
when compared with cattle, the losses
among them during long journey be-
ing almost always large, and during
the five years in question the average
Losses amounted to 2S per thousand
Notwithstanding the fact, however
that the Importation during 1894 in
creased nearly eight-fold, and leapet
up to upward of 4OO, 900, the losses dur
ing the past year only amounted to Il
per thousand.
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09
Historical Record. of M.ryl.nd.

In speaking of the records of the
provincial court of the province of
Maryland, from 1857 to the revolution,
now preserved in Anne Arundel county,
the Baltimore Sun says: 1.-THE historical
vaiue of these old records is inestimable.
1t = believed that no other state In the
unton has such records Of family his
tory showing the manner OF living
among the people of the colony as far
back a. $50 years ago. In the wills,
families can be traced back from father
to son for a century. The court record
boohs containing inventories Of per-
sonafestates make complete exhibit
Of II character of household furni-
ture, kitchen implements. farm uten-
sils, etc, used by the early settlers and
theft descendants during the first GEN.
tury md half of the colony. From
these things we can read much Of the
babtts and customs of the people"
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09
THE GOLD FIELDS OF UTAH.
Their Great Possibilities.

To the diversity of its mineral re-
sources does Utah particularly attribute
its coming greatness. Within a dis
tance of 40 miles from Salt Lake City,
in the district known as Camp Floyd,
the Mercur camp is making great
strides toward fame. 1t is the only
rival Of Cripple Creek in the west, and
while its ore bodies are different in
character from those OF Cripple Creek,
the ore area is so extensive in dimen-
sion that the future Of the camp is not
problematical but assured. The Mer-
cur mine, a control in which was re-
Gently bonded for 81 200, 600, is the min
ing marvel of the age. 1t has been pay
ing dividends on the basis Of 100000
per year. Recent development has
uncovered the ore body in the neighbOr-
ing hills for distance Of over eight
miles, and indications point to one of
! the richest and most extensive gold
fields the world has yet seen. To reach
this camp. take the Rio Grande West
ern railway to Salt Lake City.
Verv unlike the Mercur is the Marvs-
vile district. 1870 miles south Of Salt
Lake City on the line Of the Rio Grande
, Western railway. where high-grade,
free-millinR gold ore was recently un-
covered. In addition to the Mercur and
! Marvsvale camps the gold and silver
camp Of Tintic district, and Bingham,
| - well as the smaller camps In the
Henry and La Sal mountains. Deep
Greek and Dugway, the encouraging
placers on the Green, Grand and Colo
RADIO rivers, all located on the line Of the
r. G. W. Ry., are attracting much at
tention. There is not shadow Of
doubt but that Utah at the present time
presents . magnificent tield for specnla-
tion. For further information or copies
Of printed matter apply to F. A. Wad-
leigh. g. p. 4 T. A., r. G. W. Ry.,
Salt Lake City. Utah.
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09
DESERT LANDS-NOTICE OF INTENTION
TO MAKE FINAL PROOF.
LAND OFFICE AT
Glcnwood Springs. Colo, April ls, is

I. Al,nou l.. Durham. of Mecker, Colo. who
made desert land application No. 70 Ute; on
the 9Th day of January, 1888, for the J, SW !;
Y NV V NE Il, Sec. -, Up. N, X. " W. 9Th
r. NJ, hereby give notice of my intention 70
make final proof to establish my claim TO me me
District Court of Rio Bnnco county, at
Meeker, Colo, on Saturday. the 9Th day June;
has been properly Irrigated and reclaimed in
the manner required by law, by two of the fol
lowing witnesses:
Wilson, Jr. all of Meekcr, Colo, Henry ii
Greenhow, OF Pngodn, Colo.
ALMoS l.. DURHAM Claimant.
apc5n:0 J. d. PHILIPPI, Register.
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09

~
The Fourmile country will surely
have great boom this summer. The
values are there and capital will seek
them. New discoveries have been made
in the Big Hole country and the ground
is said to be even richer than any that is
now being worked. The Iowa capitalists
who recently purchased the Timberlake
properties have their engineer. G. w.
McKeenen, at work making arrange
ments for the taking out of big ditch.
to cover their territory. 1t is estimated
that the company will expend about
100000 in perfecting water system to
operate its placers.-Craig Courier.
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
LAND OFFICE AT

GLENwooD SPRINGS, Colo, May 7th, 1895.
NOTICE-Is hereby given that the following
tion to nuke hnaI proof In support Of his
claim, and that said proof will be made be,
fore tho Register and Receiver at Glenwood
springs, Colorado, OH June 70, 1896, at 1Oo'clock
u. m, viz:
John A. Blair, of White River. Colo. on his
p d. q. No, l422 Ute series. for the Sc 4 SW \
Sec. II, N X NV y Sec. l3, Tp. n, X. 9s w.
8P. NJ.
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon, and cultiva-
william Jones, r. w. Ware and John L.
Noonnn, all of Glcnwood Springs. Col, George
Mitchell, Of New Custlc, Colorado.
meiel3 J. B. PHILIrr1, Register.
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09
nEsEpT LANDS-NOTICE OF INTENTION
TO MAKE FINAL PROOF.
al.uvooa JpssSlass2. JsSn 2ss,Gs 1SlU, At 3xGp.., IT, ,.

aIeuwood Jpshinss. coiloi., Hprit- iss issss
msa. ss es.ss. ' isns if q 80 6ss 20
the itth day Of Decem,,er, 1872 for the D 81
lot 4, Sec 10, Tp 3 n. X. 6l W. 9th p. NJ, here
by give notice of my intention to make final
proof to establish my claim to the land above
described before the Clerk of the District
Court Of Rio Blanco county. at Mceker, Colo,
on Saturday, the 9th day Of June, 1899, and that
l expect to prove that said land has been prop
erly irrigated md reclaimed In tho manner re-
quired BY law, by two Of the following wit
nesses:
watklr,, all of Meeker, Colo, Henry Fl. Green
how, OF Pagoda, Colo.
JOuS +. WILSON, JR., Claimant.
J. d. PHILIPPI, Register.
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09
A neartless Expsrimsnt.

Ths Lancet tells this story to show
the trials Of country doctor in France.
A young physician settled in q COM
nuns, whose paupers he attended for
ten dollarx per annum. One night.
soon after his arrival at this Eldorado,
he received an urgent summons TO visit
patient who lived at distance of six
kilometers from the village. .On reach
ing the cottage-it was then II p. m.-
he found the doors closed and lights cx-
tinguiahed. In repy to his knocks the
door Was opened by sturdy peasant,
who hughingly informed him that
there was NO illness in the house, but
that his wife had wished to see II, when
anyoae was Ill, he would come II sent
fort The unfortunate medico-s:nce
dead 1fon overworl<, and probably un-
der6ee1iug g-r marked: II could have
felIo4 him to the ground"
G. a 1np WAsskSna. THAR uuality noyeF w ~,
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09
Right now is a mighty good tims -

Right now is a mighty good timo -
judge a man. The man who stands
around with his hands in his pockets, o.
whittles piece Of soft pine, drawing
gloomy pictures Of the future, when
nature is putting on new garb OF spring
clothes. is simply no good. He should
be relegated to back number and
should stay in his backyard, If be has
one. Give US buoyant, self-reliant man
who can face tile music, good or bad; 10
ready to help brother over rough
place of misfortune, and sees silver
lining to the black clouds Of adversity.
Silver is what we want, and it will never
come to US If We stand with sack and
expect it to drop in without We make
just little effort to grab it.-Elbert
County Tribune, 4
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09

1t was entirely unnecessary for Mr..
Mark Hanna to deny having referred to
Messrs. Platt and Quay rs political ba-
bies," as 1t is well known that he regards
them as "giants" in the path of his can
didate, Gov. Mckinley.
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09

A New York Custom House appraiser
has decided that pet dogs are furniture
and as such are free Of duty when
brought into this country by their own
ers. Great head, that fellows got.
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09

If the statistician who claims that q
man could travel ISL years on railway
trains without getting killed is right.
how are we to account for those who get
killed on railway trains before they
have Travelled small percentage Of that
time.
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09

The man and his wife who are trying
to do missionary work among the mil
lionares of New York City deserve eY=
cry encouragement. 1t would be dim.
cult to locate field more in need Of
missionary work.
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09

While the Cubans would doubtless be
very glad to be recognized as belliger-
ents by this government. they seem to
be able to win without that recognition.
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09

Wonder what Senator German theant
when he said: II believe that the prac-
tical business man will control the ma
tional conventions this year as they have
done in the past"
The Meeker herald., 1896-05-09

You can now have your head made
bald while you wait. by exposing 1t to
the X rays. High tempered wives will
please take notice that it is not up to
date to pull mans hair out by hand.