The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-12-25
Erours AND FEVER.


IF war. At the end of June ABOUT
40 600 Spanish troops were In CuOa'
ana the military hospitals were crown
ed with patients sick with yellow iever'
which was prevalent i'll its most Inal'g-
nant fOrn. -.
The severest engagement since the
revolt started seems to nave TAKEN
mace on July 18th, nj ar Bayamo, prov
ince of Santiago, when General AntO-
Mo Maceo defeated Generals Campos
and Sanlocildes. The latter fell III the
fight and Marshal CampDf broke the
insurgent lines, not without cohsiuer-
able loss, although at the close OF the
month he had an army of 90 ,OOO ana
large numbers of guerilleros, voluh-
teers, under his command.
REVOLUTIONARY LEADERS.
Not a few other reheI leaders with
reinforcements had arrived from
abroad to extend operations westward,
and soon there were numerous encouh-
ters in Puerto Principe ana Sania
Clara. Gomez had made NaJasa MS
headquarters. Sanchez, Serann anu
Suarez established themselves later III
Southern Santa Clara aud ROloff, IN
the northern part OF that pr0vihce.
sanchez and Roloff landed at Tunas,
southwest of Trinidad. Other leaders
mentioned were Carlos M. Cespides,
son of Cuta's first provisional president
in the former war, Zayas, Nuniz.
Guerra, Tamayo, Miro, Capote aud
Vasuuez. To each, it appears, was as
signed certain area which to Keep 10
alarm. while the commandments
extended the field of operations to the
rich and loyal provinces of the West.
There was a fight at Pcralelo In
August, and others at Sas del Indro
aud Ramon de las Yaguas.
Late in August the Spanish captain
general, in Santa Clara, was building
small forts at different points and for
tifying the highrcad Of that district,
thus initiating. as it would appear, the
'strocha," afterwards SO famous In the
continuation of the guerrilla warfare,
and described in recent number OF
the Sun.
On September 10Th, at Camaguey, at
q meeting of deputies drawn from the
various bands, government was or
ganized as follows: President, S. Z.
Betancourt: vice-president, b. MasO;
secretary of war, Carlos Roloff; gen
eral.in-chief of the army, Maximo Co
ez, white man; acknowledgement,
Antonio Mace o, cOlured person, but a
man of education, who had won dis.
tiuction in the last Re bellion.
PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.
The insurgent army, at first unor-
gauized and without concerted plans, in
the beginning of October, 1895, cOnsis-
ted of 81, 800 men, divided IN two corps,
the western Icing commanded by Cen
eral Gomez, the eastern by General
Antonio Maceo. Against them the
Spaniards were arraigned with force
of about 10000, of which, however,
only about 10000 were immediately
available troops.
In the same month mention was
made of Salvador Cisneros as president
of the provisional government, whose
habitation, composition and very ex-
isteuce appear always to have heen
somewhat doubtful and operating
through secret channels. Dyna tie
and guerrilla warfare, filibustering ahd
incendiarism were the chief methods
of the campaign of its military depart
nent. Engagements were numerous,
hut hardly of any Consequence. Bara-
Goa, port ON the northern extremity
of Cuba, vas reported to have been
blown up by the rebels ON October l0th,
aud the increase of yellow fever
worked great havoc among the Span
ish troops.
ATTHE CLOSE OF 1895.
Fighting occurred at Mount MOgote
in October aud at Tagnasco, in Santa
Clara, November 18th and 18th. Ou
December nth Gomez attacked the
town of Rudgo, in Matanzas. aud
on the 18th band of 500 insur-
gents, led by Rodrigmey Lopez and
ReciO, surprised a Spanish column
near Minas, between Nuevitas and the
town of Puerto Principe, and almost
annihilated it. Later actions were re-
ported in the vicinity of Colon, in Ma
tanzas, with equivocal results. Ger
tain bands, being pursued, took refuge
in ZaI alta, the swamp country in the
province of Santa Clara, south of Ma
tanzas.
Upon the whole, nothing occurred
to show what the end was to be, and
the expense of the war was exhaust
ing Spain.
About Christmas, 1895, insurgent
bands invaded the loyal province OF
Havana, but were repulsed. Towards
the close of the year Marshal Campos
re-entered the capital without having
secured any lasting success against the
rebels, who, with the new year, RESUME
ed their march in the direction Of the
city of Havana.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES.
AS has been repeatedly stated In the
columns of the Sun, the first cause of
the Cuban rebellion was Spanish
uisgOveFnment; the second, the beet
sugar production of Germany, which
lowered the price of sugar to such an
extent that the chief industry of Cuba
ceased to be profitable. While money
could be made and workiugmen had
employment, the oppressive taxation,
injustice, nepotism aud stupidity of
the Madrid government could be en-
.dured, but with. hard times came dis
icOhtent. which was easily given q po-
litical character. Exiled patriots saw
their opportunity. Money was raised,
arms bought, ships chartered and par.
ties of patriOts-eOme of them veterans
of the war of 1868-78-were landed in
the eastern provinces, where white and
cOlOred wOrkmen of the plantations
and small villages were Induced to
take up arms.
The prOpertied classes, who led in
the previous rebellion, when slavery
existed, took, as q rule, little part in
the present movement Now that the
slaves are free. the white planters
fancy that independence of Spain
gained ty the help of the cOlOrsd ele-
meDt would rQault in a ,nn,llar. f.o,,