The San Francisco call., 1896-02-02
THE STATE.

"The State, It's Functions, It's Rights
and It's Political Organization, is the
title of an essay to which a first prize has
been awarded by the American Philogoph.
ical Society, held at PhiladeIphia for the
promotion OF useful knowledge. The COM
mittec of judges awarding the prize was
composed of j. Randolph Tucker of Vir
ginia, James c. Carter of New York,
George F. Edmunds of Vermont. E. ].
Phelps of Connecticut and G. Stuart Pat
terson OF Pennsylvania. The author,
George II. Smith, is a Californian. a resi-
dent of Los Angeles. and in addition to
TINS prize essay is the author of several
other works on law and Jurisprudence.
The essay is prefaced by an introduction
giving general review of political the
ories advanced by leading thinkers from
Aristotle TO Austin. From this review the
conclusion is drawn that political science
in its present state is beyond all Others
prolific IN logical fallacy. Many examples
are given of the confusion resulting either
from bias or the careless use of such words
OF vague import as state law, power SOW
ereignty, etc. Mr.. Smith himself defines
state as an autonomous society of men,"
and regards government or political organ
lzation, not as an essential element, but as
an inseparable accident of the state.
clear distinction is thus made between
the Government and the state, and this
distinction forms salient feature in the
theory worked out in the book. The
state, says Mr.. Smith, must be conceived
as consisting of the government and the
people. The end and the corresponding
function OF the state is TO promote the
happiness or well-being of the people in
every respect, but the agencies by which
this is effected are twofold, namely. by
government, which is organized force, and
Wit a mt 0rafr frrNta -
by the natural influence of men upon each
other and by voluntary cooperation.
Hence the end and corresponding function
of government is not co-extensiye with
that of the state, and proposition which
may be true of the one is not necessarily
true of the other.
The theory thus announced is worked
out with careful elaboration. The varions
chapters deal with the nature of the state.
the functions of the state generally. the
nature and method of Jurisprudence. the
doctrine of natural right, the Just powers
of the state and the principles of political
organization. The work is an impottant
contribution to the department of philoso-
ply and displays wide reading and extern
sive study of the subject as well as clear
thought and marked powers of analytical
reasoning.
GLoRIEs OF THE CHATTING
"The Bachelor and the Chafine-dishn is
the title of book that will readily COM
mend itself to ciubmen, and, in fact. to
men in general, who. the author saws.
shave an instructive fondness for meddling
with everything appertaining to the art OF
cookery The writer, Deshler Welch, has
gathered together in this book some valu-
able recipes from fascinating sources In
cookery; triumphs of well-known bon
vivants in clubs. yachting circles, army
and navy, and ''tbe dreams of fair women,
God bless 'em." Mr.. Welch declares that
the "most important piece OF machinery
in woman's domain is usually relegated to
an engineer of faultlessly persuasive ignor.
ance. l have partaken of more elaborate
and tasty dinner got up in a yacnt's
small galley than | have ever had from
'Bridget's' great kitchen, with ell her con-
yeniences, and | have attended informal
dinners where everything served was
ing-dlsh, with but very little trouble,
that produced feast worthy of the
gods" He halls the chafing dish
as a 'civilizer," and maintains that it is
certainly an important factor NOWADAYS
in breaking formality and bringing people
around festive board under the happiest
sort of circumstances. "Its very general
use by both men and women, its con-
venirnce for quick supper or for a dainty
luncheon, and Its success as an economical
provider where it is necessary-ali this is
putting the chahng-dish on queenly
dais."
The author observes that he has had the
pleasure of knowing many, distinguished
men in various walks of life, and he
thinks his most beguilmg hours in their
company were when some new culinary