davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
EXCHANGING EGGS.

A Practice from which None But Shift
less Persons Profit.
1t is not unusual to have a neigh
Dor request you to exchange eggs with
him, and such neighbor may have been
the first to condemn your enterprise in
purchasing new blood and pure breeds.
As rule, every farmer who steps out
side of the beaten paths, or ventures into
something better, is at once classed as
a crank, or a book-farmer, but sooner
or later his neighbors will show a will
ingness to obtain his stock If they can
Exchange" with him. He must go to
the expense of bringing the stock into
the community, and if he fails, he is set
down as lacking in intelligence, but
when he succeeds he receives no credit.
There is no reason why one should ex
change eggs of pure breeds for those
from scrub fowls, any more than Jer-
sey calf should be exchanged for one
from a nondescript COW. When eggs
are sold for Matching they represent
something more than their value for the
table. Those who buy them do not
want eggs, but stock, the eggs repre-
senting the embryo young of the de-
sired breed. Any farmer who procures
pure breeds should be encouraged by
his neighbors, as he benefits the whole
community.-Fnrm and Fireside.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
PIG-FEeDING TESTS.
Recent Experiments Conducted in Ontario
and New Zealand.

and New Zealand.
Two experiments in the feeding OF
pigs have been made by Mr.. H. H. Dean,
Ontario agricultural college, says the
Farming World. The one was to de-
termine the relative value of wet and
dry meal as food for pigs, and the
other to compare sweet milk and sour
milk. In the first test seven grade
Berkshire pigs, averaging 141 pounds,
were fed for three weeks on middlings
made into slop with skim milk and
some whole peas. and in three weeks
following the same food dry. The to-
tai gain per lot was 142 pounds on wet
food and III pounds on dry food. Prac-
tically the same amount of grain was
required to produce a pound of gain,
whether wet or dry, but the pigs
seemed to waste more of the dry feed
The second test was with eleven Tam
worth pigs divided into two lots. Feed
ing middlings and peas. sweet milk and
sour milk with some buttermilk were
compared in alternate periods of three
weeks. The total gain of the lots while
on sweet milk was $40 pounds, and
while on sour milk ABS pounds, differ
encc of SO pounds in favor of sour milk.
In the authors opinion the trial indi-
cafes IQaC sour MIX is cd udI 10 VI Dcer
ter than sweet milk for pigs weighing
from 40 to 200 pounds. A somewhat
novel experiment is being tried with
turnips in the Ashburton district of
New Zealand by Mr.. Max. Friedlander.
He is feeding off small paddock OF
turnips with about $50 young pigs and
breeding sows, and the experiment SO
far seems TO be complete success
His plan is to fence off about an acre mt
time with strong sheep netting, maxi
ing bit of rough shelter with strnw
and slabs for the pigs to get into at
night. When the pigs had just fin
ished their first break. upon which they
had been month, they had cleared
every root and weed out of the land and
were looking in first-class health and
condition. Mr.. Friedlander estimates
that in this way pigs can be reared until
they are four months old at cost of not
more than a penny per head per week;
and by growing some peas to finish
them of with small farmers could
make a very safe and profitable turn
over.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
NOTES FOR SHEPHERDS.

The price of feeding sheep is simply
out of reach of some buyers who feed
for the margin there is in the busi-
ness.
Sheep or lambs must Eot be allowed
to run on rape while it is frosted
Wherever they touch a leaf with frost
on it it will break of and die
Iowa sheep feeders have recently
purchased 10000 lambs and ewes in q
single Colorado county. They were
shipped to Iowa to be fed.
There is nothing better to sustain the
vigor of a ram than liberal feed OF
wheat bran. 1t has nearly all the phos-
pilates of wheat, and these nourish the
nervous system.
Now that sheep feeders are getting
about as much for lambs as for sheen
q year older, the lamb trade is develop-
ing wonderfully. A revolution npon
this basis seems to be working its yvav
through the live stock trade entire Il
at least assures q quicker return on
money invested.-Rural World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26

zion shown in Fig. 2. ench draws half.
But when the lazy horse at lags be-
hind (middle of Fig. ~, he throws his
line of draft, q, further from the
middle line of draft, IN n, than is p.
That is, the lazy horse has by his lazi-
ness given himself the long end of the
lever.
If, however, the free horse lags at
{bottom of Fig. p. his line of draft.
center line, N N. That is, he gets the
Dong end of the lever. For. in this last
case (bottom of Fig. p line drawn
from a TO b would make right angle
with the line, m n, while line from b
to would form a sharp angle with
the center line of draft. m n. and of
course would be nearer to that line
3.-But if the center hole. b. for the
main clevis, were ahead of the middle
sinc. and the end holes, a and C, were
behind, the case in Fig. would be eN-
actIy reversed, and the lazy horse by
Ingging behind would give himself the
short end of the lever and must do
the most work. This can be inferred
from Fig. without separate cut to
illustrate it.
OF course, the only correct way is to
have the three holes (fulcrums or
points of draft. b c.acxactly on n
1ine. Then each horse draws exactly
his half of the load. no matter wheth-
er he forges ahead or lags behind
Ohio Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
American Corn for MEXICO.

Owing to the removal by the Mexican
government OF import duties on corn
for the two states of Vera Cruz and
'Tarnemlipas. and owing to the scarcity
of grain there, large shipments are be-
ing made from this country. chiefly via
Mobile. Ala, which has facilities for
shipping to Mexican ports. One steam
ship company has already carried 7oo.-
600 bushels, and for August and Sep
aember the total reached 100000 bush
els. What these figures mean is shown
by comparison with the total shipments
TO Mexico for the year ending June so.
1896. the aggregate being 1.677.653
bushels. In the year previous the total
was. only 17s.611 bushels. The corn
sells for $3.50 bushel IN Mexican
0aOney.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26

In the feathers sent, there is a tendency
to blush coloring toward the center,
light fawn toward the edges. The fawn
markings seem the prevailing color at
present favored, although other colors
are mentioned of the ducks, however
with doubt as to their purity and quail
ity. Yet their color is not what they
are judged by, but their shape, habits
and truely profita bic quality. They are
said to have been first introduced into
Yorkshire about 10 years ago, the first
having been brought from India by
sea captain to gentleman of White
haven, in Cumberland.
The name Runner seems to have been
attached to them from their habit of
chasing after their food, which is most
ly sought for over fields and meadows,
the water being sought by them chiefly
for drink and a good bath. 1t is no
wonder to find such active birds as they
are described to be, of great vigor, early
to mature and such prolific layers.
They are at seven or eight weeks full
grown and ready for the table. The
drake comes into possession of the black
patches on head and face at about five
tx six weeks old. Their usual weight is
about four pounds, not very large, but
when it is considered that the ducks
have laid at five months and can be
made to continue laying all winter, and
that foraging for most of their own
food is their natural habit, we can
easily recognize in. them profitable
duck on the farm and on large estates.
In confinement. they are said to do very
poorly, but where large free range
can be given them they hunt nearly
their entire living. requiring only
plenty of water and feed at night be-
fore turning in. F. L. Sewall, in
Orange Judd Farmer
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
FRONT ELEVATION

the house, as illustrated, there will be
needed 1,175 feet ship lap, two sills
A by by 80 feet, IL joists by by II
feet, II rafters by by Is feet, plates
2 by by 16 feet, for posts one piece by
6 by 16 feet, old boards for roof boards
or new lumber land close together. Lay
the shingles inches to the weather,
of which 4, 800 will be required. Parti-
tions may be of by inch strips placed
inches apart, or they may be of boards.
In the floor plan are shown the four
windows by heavy lines, doors inside
opening to coop. The nests are con-
veniently arranged on each side of each
pen.-W. w. Porter, in Farm and Home.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
TALK ABOUT COLTS.
Winter Is an Excellent Season to Begin
Their Education.

Winter Is Excellent Season to Begin
Their Education.
Be sure that the colts have exercise.
Standing upon board floor cooped up
in the barn all the time is very bad for
both health and feet. A warm, some
what sheltered paddock, in which the
older ones as well that do not get exer-
else on the road, may frolic and frisl<
about is quite indispensable to every
well-ordered stable.
There is no better way to get a horse
badly foundered than to drive him fast
enough to make him warm and then
leave him in a cold draughty place with
out protection. But you certainly do not
want your horse fonndered. Therefore,
see that he is well protected by a wooden
blanket and not very sweaty or hot
when brought to n stand.
The sooner a colts education begins
the better it will be. This winter will
be good time to handle the young
their trainer. Put harness on them
and walk them about, thus giving them
some idea of what is to be expected of
them in future. Do not persist too long
ut cHe time. Short lessons are most
satisfactory to both colt and master.
Never tire the pupil, especially at the
beginning of training.
Kindness is of the greatest value. A
lump of sugar, a small potato, or bit
of carrot will work wonders with both
colts and old Unconstitutional Stock
man.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26

play freely on their pins. each horse
will draw exactly half of the load, no
matter which one is ahead. Fig. !
shows this. If the line of the clevis
holes, a, and C, is not at right angles
with the central line of draft, m n,
both horses will be nearer that line,
tut both will be equally distant from
1T, drawing in lines a and q, parallel
with m n. Hence each will draw half
of the load.
2--But if, as in Fig. 2. the three
clevises are rigid Gas sometimes on
moving machines) and the central
point of draft (or fulcrum), b. is be-
hind, and the fulcrums, and C, are in
front of the evener, then when both
horses are even, as in the upper posi-
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
HOMEMADE FLY WHEEL.

power. In the latter case fly wheel
will cause the stone to run very even
ly. Our sketch shows a cast-off, heavy,
farm cartwheel, mounted and ready for
business. Small strips of hard wood
screwed to the rim keep the band from
coming off. The plan Of setting up
the wheel is plainly shown in the illus
tration. Where the rim of the wheel
used is of sufficient thickness, the old
iron tire can be removed and a very
thick, but narrow, tire put upon both
edges of the rim, leaving a chance for
the band to run between them. In
the case of 4 cast off cartwheel this
plan would answer dmirably-OraEge
Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26

When a bird becomes frosted on the
comb frozen comb). the remedy is to
keep it in some place where the wind
cannot reach it, Fanciers protect such
tall-comb breeds as Leghorns by plac-
ing choice specimens in barrel at
night. having a block of wood in a bar
rel for a roost. The first thing to do
is to swab the injured comb with
glycerine- The next day the comb
should be anointed with an ointment
composed of equal parts of ichthyol and
lanoIine, which should be repeated
every day. Healing is slow process,
and only relief from pain can be afford
ed. as the comb may slough off entirely.
1t is an advantage to keep q fowl which
has been frosted and healed, as it will
be less liable to be injured the succeed
ing winter.-Farm and Fireside.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
NOTES FOR eEEkEEPERs.

Take good care of all the empty
combs.
Late in the fall is good time to paint
the roofs of hives.
Never have hives in a building for
wintering unless it is frostpreof and
dark.
After cold weather sets in strip can
not be fed to bees to an advantage, and
candy must be provided
Bees should always have an alighting
board of some kind, especially If the en-
trance is high OF the ground.
Be careful now to put the brood
combs back in the same places they
were before taking them out
The frames of comb that generally
contain pure honey are mostly found
in the outside combs, and combs con-
tanning pollen are found in the center
or near the brood nest.-St. Louis Re-
public
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
EXHAUSTED FERTILITY.

Good System of Rotation Is tho B~xt
Restorer of Worn-Out Soil.
The following conclusions by one of
our experiment stations apply every
where: The continued cropping of
soils to grain crops only without any
system of rotation, or other treatment,
is telling severely upon the original
vegetab BILE matters, and nitrogen. Soils
which have produced grain crops, ex-
clusively, for ten or fifteen years, con-
tain from third to a half less humus
and nitrogen than adjoining soils that
have never been plowed. Soils which
have been cropped until the organic
matters and humus have been mate
rally decreased, retain less water and
dry out more easily than when there
is a larger smount of organic matter
present in the soil. Soils which are rich
in hu1nus contain a larger amount of
phosphatcs associated with them in
available forms than the soils that are
poor in humus. Soils which are rich
in humus and organic matters produce
a larger amount of carbon dioxide that
acts as a solvent upon the soil particles
and aids the roots in producing food.
One-half of a sandy knoll. heavily ma
nared with well rotted manure, con-
ta1ncd nearly quarter more wafer
during q six weeks drought than the
other half that received no manure.
The supply of organic matter in the
soil must be kept up because it takes
such an important part, indirectly. in
keeping up the fertility of soil. A
good system of rotation, including sod
crops, and well prepared farm ma
nures will do this, and will avoid the
Introduction and use of commercial
fertilizers which are now costing the
farmers of the United States over
$35 10000 annually.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
Economi.ing with Manure.

1t never pays to stint the manure
dressing for any crop that requires
much labor to grow it. All the labor is
1uade more effective in proportion as
the soil is made more fertile. In
.0ther words, on rich land crops that
require most labor may be grown
with profit, while on poor soil the
balance will be on the loss side of the
account. The proper idea of econo-
mining with manure is to apply it
where it Will most aid in increasing
soil fertility. This is in every case
where a part of the benefit of the
manure win be soon applied to
growing large clover CROP
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
FARM AND GARDEN.
lMPRovINc GRASSES.

why Our Farmers should Bring Native
Species Into Cultivation
One of the best lines of work in con-
nection with the developments of inn
proved forage conditions is that of
bringing our pative forms into Guilt
sation- More than 20 per cent. of ali
the grass species of the world are mn
tives of the United States, the number
ranging upward of 700, and I think
am not wrong in saying that there
is no other continent on which there is
. greater number of native forage
plants other than the grasses. Nearly
all of our cultivated forage plants are
OF foreign origin, and If it were not
simply q matter of public interest. 1t
ought to be one of public sentiment,
to preserve the coming generations of
American farmers those native species
which have added SO much to the
wealth Of the land in the past The
species of the grazing regions in the
west and southwest. and, for that mat
ter, in every part of this country where
sheep or cattle are raised, are best
adapted for the conditions under which
each grows, and it is folly TO think that
better forms may be introduced from
Europe or Asia or Australia, where
climate and soil and abundance of rain
fall are different. The meadow grass
of the parks, woodlands and mountain
slopes, the grama and buffalo grasses
of the southwest, and the blue stems
Of the eastern prairie belt. cannot be
improved upon.
We must go out into the fields and
meadows and select, care for and prop
agate the thrifty grasses and native
clovers, just as the horticulturist Sc
lects and propagates his finest varie-
ties of fruits, or the florist his most
perfect and most highly developed
flowers. Every cultivated grass, every
cereal, every fruit or flower, has been
developed up from just such small be-
ginnings, and when we take into con-
sideration the Importance Of the graz
ing industries, the great amount o.
money invested in them, and the vast
yearly income from these sources, we
must adopt the conclusion that such ii
| line of work is an exceedingly impor-
tant one.--United States Department
of Agriculture.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS.

They Arc Said to ne Hardy, and Eaxly
and Continuous Layers.
The Indian Runner ducks have been
for some time in England highly valued
on account of their hardness, unusual
foraging habits, and for their being
such early and. continuous layers.
They have not been much selected for
color. although some keepers of them
seem to have their preferences In re-
gard to Markings The illustration
gives an accurate idea a. to the placing
of the markings. which is from pho
tcgraph of q pair sent me by their
owner, Mr.. Mathew Hunter, of York
shire These are of fawn and white
color. on the body and neck. and with
black patch on the top of the head and
side of the cheek, of the drake, blaclr
also on the cushion Of the drake, on tho
head of the duck. dark fawn or brown
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
sILAoE EXPERIENCE

Results Obtained ut Various. State Ex-
pertinent Stations.
According to the agricultural depart
mcnt at Washington compilation of
experiments from various experiment
stations shows the following results:
The Massachusetts station found
mixed silagc of corn and sofa beans
very fine Vermont station made a SUI
perior siiage of oats and vetch; also of
oats and peas
Silage produced more milk at the
Ohio station, more butter at the Penn
sylvania station, and more mutton at
the Michigan station than beets. Even
when there is a loss of 20 per cent. in
the feeding value of silage it is a cheap
err feed than roots. The Wisconsin sta
ton preserves silage at a loss of only
eight per cent. of its feeding value. The
loss in curing fodder is never less than
20 per cent.
The Pennsplvania station found ST.
Iage and cured fodder about equally di-
gestible. Kansas station grew 100 tons
of silage on ten acres and it sustained
rs head of cattle 1872 days-a result
which it is thought could not be at
tained with ten acres of cured fodder.
Use the largest variety of corn that
will mature before frost. Experiments
at the Pennsylvania station show that
as corn approaches maturity the
amount of nutriment itcontains and the
digestibiiity both increase very rapidly.
The total yield of the digestible food by
the matured crop was two or three
times that of the same crop in the silk
and Sc per cent. greater than when the
ears began to glaze. The Minnesota
station found that 100 pounds of silage
from the northern and southern, ard
| sweet corn, all contained about the
same feeding value.
| Silage is distinctively cattle feed,
! but the Kansas station finds it not good
| for feeding bulls. 1t may be fed in
moderation to horses, pigs, poultry and
| sheep, but sour silage is dangerous to
sheep.
! There has been some complaint that
silage gives milk an unpleasant flavor.
This is probably due to sour and decay
! ing silage. The Kansas station found
that if the silage be fed just after milk
| ing, instead of before, this disagreeable
| flavor disappears.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
The Nature of sandy son.

Sand has great power for the trans
portation of water. It will convey wa
ter quicker than any other soil, but it
will not hold as much. A clay soil will
hold more, but water will pass through
more slowly. Sandy soils take in all
the rains that fall, and if there is sub
terranean supply within ten or fifteen
feet of the surface, it seems to have n
power to pump the water up to the
roots of the plants If. however, there
is no such supply, the higher tempera-
ture of summer will usually increase
the temperature of the top sandy soil
md gradually dry it out faster than n
fine, clayey SOIL Clay will hold more
moisture. and hold it longer than any
other form of soil, but it must be pro-
tected by surface cultivation.-Rurnl
World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
AGRICULTURAL HINTS
THE LAZY FARM HORSE.

How to Make Him Draw Exactly His
Part of the Load.
The question is often holly discussed
<hether, when two horses work on an
-evener" without stay-chains. the lazy
horse that lags behind thereby draws
Just one-half of the load, or more, or
tess than half. The truth is that either
of the three may be true. according to
how the evener and clevises are ar
ranged
If all three clevis holes. q, b md c,
are equally distant from each other and
are on straight line, and IL the clevises
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26

It has been demonstrated that if one
flock, during the winter, be fed with
warm grains, and another with cold,
the former will produce during
the season more than twice the num-
Der of eggs as the other, and will be
even much finer in appearance There
are two extremes. You cannot let
your poultry roost in trees in winter.
nor can you shut them up in over
crowded houses, and then expect sue
cess. Success does not lie on either OF
these routes.-Farmers Review.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
Il.
EXCELLENT ROOT GUTTER

teen inches; the blades are drawn to an
edge and split as at b. A five-eighths inch
rod is welded to the blades and bound
securely. A handle is made on the rod
before being attached to the blades. 1t
is three feet long. The blades can be
sharpened on a grindstone. 1 can dump
a bushel of roots in a tight wooden box
and cut them fine enough for sheep in
five minutes.@T. White, in Farm and
Home.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26
NFedFToor.

hay being held up out of the opening by
a low sloping partition, as shown in the
sketch. No one can get into this open
ing, and it is entirely out of the way.
thus taking up no room. If cattle stand
in stalls in the basement, the cribs can
be located just beneath the opening. If
sheep or young stock are penned there
loose, q feed rack can be arranged as
shown in the diagram--American
AQriculturist.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-12-26

Corn is the greatest of all silagc
crops, though sorghum is good, and
clover. peas and sofa beans make fine
silage. and mixture of these with corn
very much improves the quality of that
siiage- But no other crop yields SO large
a crop can be so universally and SO
Gheaply grown as corn.