Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-12-22
CUBAN RESOLUTION.
REPORT OF SENATE COMMITTEE
on FOREIGN RELATIONS.
FRECEDESTS FOR INTERVENTION
Examples Of snch Action In the
History OF Europe-Asta md Amer
Monroe Doctrine.

MA-IjNtTiON. lfceiNfl -l.-A nc ic-
port from the Committee o. Foreign Re-
lations on the Joint resolution acknow-
lecgng the Independence Of C4oa. and
Offering the friendly Offices Of ;n.s gov
ernmen: with Spain 70 bring 20 4 close the
war between Spain and the republic OF
| Cuba. was presented IN the Senate to-
| day II Is document Of great length
and deals thoroughly. though briefly, n
its opening with modern precedents OF
European Intervention where independ-
ence was the issue involved. the commit
tee having. as Us report mentions, eN-
amined with care al the instances which
have occurred during this century Of peo-
pies claiming independence by right OF
revolt The opening lines Of the report
state that Congress. at its last session
after long and patient consideration
adopted with practical unanimity the
view expressed 10y the committee, that
the time had come for resuming inter
vention with Spain for the recognition oil
the independence Of Cuba. Spain having
declined 10 listen TO any representation
founded on an understanding between
herself and the insurgents, and Consress
having pledged itself TO friendly interven-
tion. the only question that remains 10 be
decided is the nature of the next step 10
ue taken with proper regard 10 the Gus
toms and usages Of nations
With little further preamble. the report
then re ers. as its first instance 10 the
tact that "the modern precedents Of Euro
pean intervention. where independence
was the issue involved, began with
Greece" in the struggle, which lasted
from lSgl until 1877
Incidents of the struggle IN which the
Greeks fought for Independence are con-
csely pointed out and traced until the
period when the Powers induced Turkey
to consent TO allow her affairs 10 be dis
cussed in a general conference, and Rus
ria insisted that the Greek insurrection
should be included among the subjects OF
mediation.
BELGIUM, POLAND. TURKEY.
Following in regular order in its details
OF circumstances OF European nations
claiming independence on the ground OF
the right Of revolution, the cases are men
toned Of Belgium against the Netherlands
In 1880. where the King OF Holland was
coerced into accepting the conditions op-
posed by the Powers upon show OF
armed hostility in November, 1872. BY the
governments OF France and England. Ihe
concident rebellion in Poland. in when
the Car notified "the Minister OF the new
French King. Louis Philippe, that ne
would tolerate no intervention IN 70
land" is given attention. Then follows
in the series of European nations claiming
independence a recital Of the deposal from
the throne OF Hungary Of the Hapsburg
dynasty. followed by the election Of Louis
Kossuth as provisional President, and the
intervention Of Russia, on the grouna
that II she did not intervene Hungary
would establish her independence
This precedent" continues the report
"tended TO establish the right of every
government to Intervene In the affairs OF
foreign States whenever their situation
should tend TO endanger Its own safety
or the political equilibrium on its from
tiers AS far as is known, every other
government in the world tacitly ac.
guiesced In the establishment OF this pre-
cedent."
The report further states: Besides the
four precedents OF Greece. Belgium. Po-
land. and Hungary, where new nationali-
ties were i'm question a much larger mum
Der OF interventions occurred In Europe,
in the process of disruption or consolida-
ton. which has. on the one hand. disinte-
grated the ancient empires Of the Sultan,
OF Spain. Of the Church; and. on the
other. concentrated the new systems of
Germany. Russia. and Italy"
Referring TO the Ottoman empire. II Is
mentioned that since 1877 intervention In
the affairs Of the Ottoman empire has
been so constant as 10 create body OF
Jurisprudence. and a long series OF trea-
ties. on which the existence Of all the
political systems Of Southeastern Europe
seems now 10 be more or less entirely
hased Not only Greece. Montenegro
Roumania Bulgaria. Roumelia. SerVia.
and Fgvpt have been the creations OF such
Intervention. or the objects OF its re-
straints. but also Samoa and Crete.
An authority so great must assume some
foundation I'm law. seeing that the entire
world acouiesced. not only in the practi-
cal exercise OF the force. but also In the
principle on which II rested, whatever
that principle was
TREATY OF BERLIN.
The treaty Of Berlin in 1875 was broad
assertion OF the right OF the European
po.,ars ~ regulate the affairs Of the o.
,oman empire but the treaty contains nc
statement OF the principle OF jurispru-
dence on which the right rests.
"From this body OF precedent, II Is
ciear that Europe has invariably asserted
and practiced the right OF interference botn
coi1ectivelv and parately. amicably ana
forrihlv. I'm every instance. except thai
of Poland where a European people hai
resorted TO insurrection 10 obtain inde-
pendence." ,.. l..
The report then continues with de-
scrlption Of the experiences OF Asia ana
America.
,horities agree that the entire fabric OF
Furonean supremacy, whether in Asiatic
Tnrkev Persia. Afghanistan. India Siam,
~ China rests on the right OF interVen-
ton" II is remarked. after which follows
a lengthy consideration Of American
events belonging 70 the subject the COM
rnittee Ia considering.
"America. both North and South" II
g stated has always aimed to moderate
European Intervention, and 10 restrict us
exercise
MONROE DOCTRINE
The report epitomizes the history Of the
movement Of the Spanish Colonies IN
America for independence. resulting in
presiden, Nonroe's sending 70 Congress
his celebrated message Of March 5, lN'2.
recommending the recognition Of all the
troubled Colonies Of Spain Mexico, Co
lomhia. Chile. and Buenos Ayres
CHOSE countries asked no more. They
based their claim on theH lhutpehlSi-r
de facto.' and Monroe admitted its force
The provinces he added. which have de-
clared their independence and are in the
enjoyment Of it, ought 10 be recosnized.'
He added that the measure is proposed
under a thorough conviction that II is IN
strict accord with the law Of nations.
In reality. II created the law. so far as
its action went. and its legality was
recognized by no European Power. and
Spain protested vigorously.
From that day 10 this continues the
report. "the American people have al
ways and unanimously, supported and
approved the Monroe doctrine. They