davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09

"ANTED-Two girls, cook and up
w stairs girl, in family offive. Good
wages. Addres Box 685, Hillsboro, o.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09

Mrs. VIM. Morris IL visiting at the
home Of her parents, in Georgetown.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09

The County Teachers' Association will
meet at Samantha next Saturday, April
11th.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09

The Worlds Fair Tests
showed no hsAiag powdss
% pur0 a. % crest in lasvs
aniRg pewsr - to Roya!
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09

HOUSE FOR RENT-Apply to o. ]
Al Ross.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09
Feed.

Feed.
Lots of it, and cheap, while we have
it in cars. II. H RICHARDS & Co.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09
MISCELLANEOUS.

GALE-E. J. Muntz will sell at public
- sale, Tuesday, April 9TH, a herd OF
Jerseys. Sale to take place on his farm,
one mile south of Hillsboro, beginning
at one o'clock p. m,
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09
House for rent. Apply at this Office.

And now Sabina thinks she has oil
under her town plat.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09

HOUSES AND LOTS-For sale. In.
~ quire of A. Hartman, attorney-st-
law.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09

Az 900 bushels wheat wanted at 81
fOsH. Richards 4 Co.'s Mills.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09

for house work,
w Address box 26, Hillsboro.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1896-04-09

Toilet soaps at Keech's.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1896-04-14

wrong. And, yet, they are fools
enough to think that good and
wise men will favor placing such
pack of fools or knaves in
power; and quite per cent of
our people, seeing the wrong
and duplicity intended, for party
sake, will be fools enough to
vote for them; knowing that bad
laws ruin a nation; and, further,
that they and their posterity
must, necessarily, be the victims
of their actions.
The Ohio Republicans are the
same, in intent, but they do pre-
sent a little neater figure in their
receptions; and still they may be
a more dangerous class. Out
and out makes a better people, a
more prosperous nation. May
God save the country
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1896-04-14
what Fools We Morsais ne rs

The above saying is forced
upon our mind by reading the
platform of the Republican party
of Massachusetts. More hypoc-
rasy could not be gathered in so
short a space. One of the first
propositions set forth is, to cater
to the true American patriotism,
that at as early date as pos
sible we should pay the National
debt. We pause to ask the ques-
ton: Was there ever a greater
Judas among any band of descip-
les, since man became advanced
enough to understand the rogue
ries of hell, than that body of
Republican tricksters among
that great party of our nation ?
There has not been an act by
the predominating portion of
that party for years-and Mas
sachusetts is the head of that
element-that has not been in
favor of charging the National
debt.
But we need not go to their
history;to their acts in Congress;
to the general tenure of their
newspapers, nor the sayings of
their men in control. Their
platform announces it with all
the impudence that divinity of
deception would require. In
their financial article they make
the bold proposition of gold
basis enlarged and aided by Ma
tional bank paper. That renders
it little funny. National bank
issues are based on the National
debt-but with that debt paid
off-to please the people-we
will have National bank currency
issued in great quantities-to
please the bankers-a to keep
the people from feeling the loss
of silver. How good they are to
right, and how sweet they are to
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1896-04-14
The New Mail Route.

We are in receipt of the fol-
lowing letter from G. M. Nelson,
Second Asst. Postmaster Gener-
al, to Hon. Edgar Wilson, dated
at Washington, D. c., March 81,
1896
SIR;-Referring to petition fl
ed in this Office, endorsed by
yourself and Hon. F. T. Dubois,
asking for the establishment of a
mail route between Challis and
Forney, Idaho, I have the honor
to inform you that instructions
have this day been sent to the
postmasters at Challis and For
ney to advertise for bids for
three times a week service be-
tween their offices; to begin on
July 1, 1896.
G. M. NELSON,
Second Asst. p. M. General.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1896-04-14

waters, at various points along
her course, and made garden
spots, of the erstwhile desert.
Thus beginning in the north in
Fremont county and on down
through Bingham, Barinock,
Shoshone and the southern coun-
ties, we find everywhere, pro
ductive fields of alfalfa, waving
expenses of grain and symmet-
rical orchards of golden fruit
in truth a land flowing with milk
and honey.
"These great irrigated plains
afford ample feed and protection
for the winter months. In the
winter our herds, that have gaz-
ed during the fall on the foot
hills, drop down on the sage and
bunch-grass plains of the Snake
and her tributaries.
''If the winter prove severe,
the retreat to the hay field is
easy and secure. Our Spring,
thanks to the January and Feb
ruary chinooks, comes early, and
though hay is plenty, it is seldom
necessary to feed it long.
"The increase in sheep has
proceeded at a greater ratio in
Idaho in the four years just pas
sed, than in any other State in
the Union. The great business
depression of 1894, exhibited
a financial strength among Idaho
flock masters, that was surpris-
ing when we remember the panic
and loss that overlook the breth-
rem in neighboring States. This
speaks volumes for Idaho's fit
ness for and adaptability to the
industry.
eve number today a million
and half of sheep and our cap
acity is but half taxed. True,
the great focks of corporations
may find trouble in holding an
immense range for individual
use, but there remains oceans of
room and opportunity for the
more humble husbandman, whose
flock numbers only 1000 or g.
900.
"For the emigrant there exists
today no more favorable oppor-
tunity for the investment of
small capital than the sheep in
dustry. Sheep are low, but with
an assurance of a duty on wool,
at the hands of the incoming adj
ministration, we have a certainty
that the business will prove re-
munerative and pleasant to all
who embark in it; and Idaho and
her flock masters extend a hearty
welcome and the hand of broth
erhood to all who will accept the
opportunity
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1896-04-14
Death of Sample Orr.

We read, with deep regrets, in
the Blackfoot Nea0s, of the death
of our aged and esteemed friend,
Sample Orr. His health has
been at a low ebb for long
time-still we looked for a re-
covery. Eighty years is not,
however, on the side of hope, and
he was, undoubtedly, victim of
age more than any special dis
ease. But a good man has been
called from us and we shall no
more meet his honest goodwill
look or receive his well-met
counsel. There is one great con-
ISOLATION to the friends of q man
of his nature when he is called
from us that can only be left to
the friends of the good. That is
that his example, that his coun-
sells and his teachings do not
perish with him. They are left
to go down through all the ages
to come that only time can tell
and only God may know. This
should be comfort to the living
and hope for the dead-no, not
the dead, but the departed. 1t
is patent from the brief history
given that, through life, Sample
Orr has been friend of reform
whenever he found error en-
throned. 1t has been our pleas
ure to know him as a reformer
and we know that his works will
be appreciated; that they do fol-
low him. He has left great
blank, not only in his family
circle and in his neighborhood
and State, but in many a good
cause. Our deepest sympathy
goes out to those to whom he
was most dear, and our regrets
are profound that he can no long
er counsel for the right. Re
formers should feel that another
weight is laid upon their should
ers. That added strength should
come from the inspiration of the
Infinite, to enable them, now, to
perform the work.
And the lesson, to all who re-
main who love higher, nobler
civilization should be, that the
time of life is short; that the
work to be performed is wonder
full and great. There is one
grand reflection to all who live
to make the world better. That
is, that as we stand at the graves
of those who have endeavored to
perform the work of life well, we
can say with fullest hope, as we
scatter dust upon the open grave
Flare thee we'll"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1896-04-14
Notice of Forfeiture.
To FRED. BRoueH and

NICHOLAS MTLLIcH, their heirs and assigns.
You are hereby notified that have expended
One Hundred Dollars (Sl0000l in labor and i'm
provements upon the Mountain Chief quartz
Mining District. Custer county, State OF Idaho,
that being the amount required to hold said
year 1895 and il within 90 days from the service
of tins notice, you fail or refuse to contribute
your portion OF such expenditure rs co-owners
In said quartz lode which amounts to S33 33
each together with the cost of this notice. your
interest in the Mountain Chief claim will be-
come the property of the subscriber under said
Section 1924 Revised Statutes
MARY SMITH.
Challis Idaho, March 81, 1895.
First publication March 81, 1895.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1896-04-14

of Sheep Industry in Idaho"-a
letter written by Frank J. Heg-
art for the Idaho immigration
Convention, was given the Mes
SENGER for publication
"Our State-the Gem of the
Mountains-seems to have been
peculiarly designed by the great
formative agency to meet the re-
quirements of that Oldest and
most patriarchal calling-sheep-
husbandry.
MANY sections of our great
country afford splendid facilities
for the ranging of the woody
money makers in the summer
season and other sections are adj
mirably adapted to winter graz
ing. Thus, for instance, Utah
offers, in her great desert sage
PLANES, magnificent opportun-
ity for the foraging of thousands
of sheep during the winter
months, but her summer range
is sought in Idaho. Montana,
Astounding in summer feed, holds
out but meagre temptation for
winter. The Typographical fea-
lures of other States, with the
exception of Oregon perhaps, are
likewise more or less handicapp-
ed in the matter of all the year
around range; but in our Gem
State, Idaho, every condition
seems to have been forseen and
positively provided for.
'Idaho has O heart of noun
tains, as all the world knows,
filed with every variety of min
erals and timber, but better than
this, her dense forests, irrigated
bounteously by the hands of
Nature, yield an abundance of
that soft and succulent forage SO
necessary as milk producers for
the mother eve, and supplying
the growing priciple to the young
lamb. Ranging down from these
mountains-not ON the west
alone, nor on the east alone-but
on every side, east, west, south
and north-are the low rolling
foothills, lambing grounds in the
spring and magnificent pastures
for fall ranging.
Thus after the pleasant rains
of summer, have given place to
the first frosts of Autumn, the
timber feed becomes unpalatable
and undesirable, the flock master
drops his herds down out of the
timber onto the sun-cured and
yellow-hued grass of the foot
hills and converts the soft growth
fat of summer into that hard and
enduring flesh that is best able
to withstand the winter.
when the foothills cease,
there rolls the prolific valley of
the Snake, fed by numerous
streams that run from the noun
tain heart of Idaho. Thus be-
ginning at the Montana and yell
lowstone park line the mighty
Snake flows south for 200 miles
through the bosom of as rich q
deposit of alluvium as can be
found even in the land of the
Pyramids and Pharaohs-the
world-famous valley of the Nile,
in Egypt. At American Falls
her sinuous course leads her
westward in an unopposed career
of conquest.
Near Huntington the Snake
roars northward in quest of her
hayward children, the Salmon
and Lewis & Clark rivers-and
then all three westward take
their way to the bosom of Their
mother-the great Columbia. In
her course she thus entwines
and enwraps about our State 9
veritable girdle of strength.
''Our enterprising citizens
have taken of these generoul
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1896-04-14

Ben. Harrison it is said is not
in the race-only the matrimon-
ial race. He married for riches.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1896-04-14


-O@=
ON INITIATION
Chas. Raine John Meriott,
f. j. Clyde, Chas. Small,
j. H. Pitzer Phillip Branca,
August Sergeant, e. Gilbert
Nick Millich, Geo. Morgan,
John Johnson, Joe. Crlsto,
Ed. Short, Ed. Nickerson,
John Stephens, John Anthem,
Len. Peck, A. p. Challis.
=O@
ON MUSIC:
Mrs. A. @. Bomar,
Miss Nellie Penwell,
A. G. Bomar.
OS@
ON RECEPTION:
Mr.. and Mrs. j. NJ. jackson,
Mr.. and Mrs w. j. Treloar
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Baker,
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Pfeifer,
Mr.. and Mrs j. L. Ebberts,
Mr.. and Mrs L. p. Jacobson.
o-
ON DECORATION:
Mrs Geo. b. Thompson,
Miss Mable Funkhouse,
Miss Nellie Penwell,
Alvin West,
David L. Rich,
DR.. f. Pyle,
VIM. D. Pierce.
=o
Floor Directors.
JOS b. Short, H. c. McKendrick, j. l.. Ebberts.
SOS@
MUSIC :......,.... ,.B0MAR'S ORCHESTRA.
PROHPT'0R ...............,.....H j. JONES.
OS=
TICKETS, QnCludins Supper, $3.50.
SOS-
a5s5 A Cordial Meditation Extended.
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-03-28
The Speed of Ipseots.

1t Is the popular belief that the flight of
birds Is much swifter than that Of insects;
but number of naturalists who have been
making a study Of the matter think that
such is not the case.
A common house fly, for example, is not
very rapid in Its flight, but its wings
make 800 beats q second, and send il
through tho air 25 feet, under ordinary
circumstances, In that space Of time When
the insect is alarmed, however, 10 has been
found that it can increase its rate of speed
to over 100 feet per second. If it could
continue such rapid flight for mile In a
straight line, 1t would cover that distance
in exactly 83 seconds.
It Is not an uncommon thing whom
travelling by rail In the summer zine, to
see bee or wasp keeping up, with tho
train, and trying to get in~at one Of the
windows.
A swallow Is considered one OF the swift
est of flying BIRDS and 1t was thought un-
til recently that no insect could escape 1t.
A naturalist tells of On exciting chase he
saw between swallow and a dragon fly,
which is among tho swifeest of insects
The insect flew with Incredible speed, and
wheeled and lodged with such case that
the swallow despite its utmost efforts,
completely failed to .ovettake ond capture
it,--PbtInaelphia Record.
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-03-28
inst Nature. That's All.

I don't know why it is, but a woman
will never answer you frankly, directly
and point blank If you ask her what sized
shoes she wears. She won't say, ~ wear
threes or fonrs"-fours being the average
size of tho Washington feminine shoe. She
will say-and, If you don't believe me, try
It" Well, these are fours," with the en-
phasis on the these" quite as If "tbese"
weren't at all the shoes she habitually
wears. but somebody else's, slipped on en-
tirely by accident. She usually adds,
But they're miles too big for mer' Why
does she do itP That's o sphinx's riddle.
Washington Post.
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-03-28
A New Golf Club House.

The San Francisco Golf club, which
was organized last December, completed
recently new clubhouse for the use of Its
members near tho First avenue entrance
to the Preside grounds. There are large
assembly room and two dressing rooms,
one for ladies and one for gentlemen. The
dressing room is fitted with lockers, each
member having a private receptacle There
are accommodations for 60 people. The
club has already over 81 members and has
fixed the limit at 90.
Tho San Francisco Golf club is the first
OF Its kind on the Pacific coast, and ex-
poets to make the game as popular there
as 1t Is In the old world and just now In
the east
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-03-28
A PAIN.
AN ACHE.
A FEAR.
a DISCOVERY

The above words are only
few in number, but they tell a
startling story. It is the story
OF the man who suffers from
diseased kidneys and impure
blood. He has been ailing for
some time past. He has COM
planned of tired feelings, low
spirits, dizziness, constipation,
dyspepsia, bad tasting mouth,
coated tongue. He has been
troubled with pains in the back
and limbs, sick headaches. He
gets alarmed and at last dis
covers the cause of these dis
tressing symptoms.
This Is not the experience
OF one man alone. It Is the
experience Of thousands of
people who today find them
selves in a bad state of health.
They know they are ailing;
they feel the need of a remedy
but they know not what to
take.
1t Is for just such people
that Warmers Safe Cure Is
specially prescribed and rec
commended by eminent physi-
clans. This Is because 1t is no
ordinary remedy but scien
ti6c discovery of the highest
merit. 1t. Is not an expert
ment or a new thing, but a
time-tried remedy that has
stood the test for years. 1t Is
the best remedy for people who
suffer from liver and kidney
complaint and impure blood.
There Is nothing like it for
building up the system and
restoring the strength.
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-03-28

Houck. J. p, r. w. Thomas. Ponce de Leon
Hotel,
Karnes, G. W., j. H. wilkinson, Read House.
miley, II. T., w. +. Nottingham, oa0 Third
street o. w.
Myers, J. b., Ponce de Leon.
Numsen, j. W., Ponce do Leon Hotel.
Roy, G. E, S. q. Williams. S65 High and ave-
nue. .. W.
9. Q.
Yancey. DR.. L. B., W. A. Gibbons. COZ Camp
bell avenue g. W.
Applicants for Admission on Trial, Re-
admission and Orders, Etc.
Blakemorc, d. L., Mrs. J. NJ. Seymour, Third
street n. c.
Brumbsugh. j. A., Home, city.
Cannon, G. Herbert, W. l.. Williamson, county.
Early, L. H., 8. l.. Addison, 10 Tenth avenue
Edwards, B. "A. j. n. Williams (roon), Hotel Lee
Sale, w. j., (bosrd), I2 Kirk avenue g. w.
Eva1s, j. H. w. L. Williamson. county.
Griffin, ID. W., t. B. Houston 113 Kirk avenue
Harnesberger, A. L., Mrs. Julia Trent, s7s
Twelfth avenue 6. W.
Henry, w. E., Mrs. NJ C. Zimmerman, a
Third avenue n. e.
Jacobs. j. R., j. F. Trent, BOG Sixth street n, o.
Kern, d. H., p. j. Hawks, 51s Campbell avenue
o.. w.
McCulloch, j. E., NJ. b. Earman. 1a4 Church
MuFrili, Ii. A., G. W. C. woolwine. SIS Salem
Richardson, Geo., W. L. Williamson, county.
R!ckett, Ira F.. Mrs. Laura Wright. 1l9 Com
mOnwcalth avenue.
Smith, Aimon w.. j. K. Dupree, COS East ave-
Tolbert, W. o., Mrs. &. R. Mccoy. 704 Fourth
avenue n. W.
Kibner. &C, Mre. S. L. Addison. 10 Tenth
Taylor, John A., ]. NJ. Gambill, $50 Campbell
avenue g. W.
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-03-28
A VERY QUEER ANIMAL.
Tho Great Ant Eater Is n Funny Combine.
ton In Every Way.

Tho Great Ant Eater Is n Funny Combine.
ton In Every Way.
With the exception Of tho jaguar, the
great ant eater, tho ant bear, or crested
ant bear, whichever you choose to call
him, is tho most snowy quadruped in all
South America, nor am at all sure he Is
not entitled to first place. In h eight and
bulk q full grown specimen is about as
large as Newfoundland dog and Is really
quite bear shaped In body and logs Its
tail is long and strong and bears tremen-
dous brush Of coarse, wiry, brown black
hair, which makes this organ very notice
able. Its head is so small, and its muzzle
so fearfully prolonged, that it reminds one
of the head and beak of an ibis. Its
mouth is n narrow slit across the end Of
that curious muzzle It's tongue Is like q
big angleworm a foot long, and 1t has no
teeth whatever! Its covering Is rough
coat of long, coarse, brown hair, most
strangely marked by n black band under
meath the throat which on the chest di-
vides into long, wedge shaped stripe OF
black that extends backward and upward
across the shoulder.
To mo it has always been puzzle why
this creature should possess such q luxuri-
ant coat of hair in so hot climate. An
other point still more open to criticism Is
his dubbed fore feet He walks on his
claws and the outer edges of his fore feet
in q most awkward and even painful way,
for which there seems to be no adequate
excuse unless his feet were formed that
way to vex tho souls of wicked taxider-
mists. Put them as you will, they will
not look right, but to the living animal
their big, strong, hooked claws are very
useful in tearing the bark off docayed logs,
or ripping open ant hills for the insertion
Of that sticky, wormlike tongue. I have
often been told by South American hunt
ers that the ant bear uses his long, bushy
tail to sweep up ants with, SO that they
can BIO devoured moro expeditiously, but
fancy that Is only yarn"
Even where 1t Is most plentiful the
great ant eater is a rare animal. Although
have hunted it many rainy days, never
saw but two specimens alive, ono Of which
was young one in captivity Mt Ciudad
Bolivar, on the Orinooo, and the other was
a magnificent, largo specimen in Fore
paugh's monagerie. Owing to their lack
of teeth and tho peculiarities of their diet,
they are difficult to keep alive in captivity.
North of Panama this species Is found
only in Guatemala and Costa RIGA, and Is
very rare in both countries. 1t lives upon
the ground, and its worst enemies arc the
jaguar and tho puma.-William Il. Horn
aday In St. Nicholas.
The Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va.) 1895-1897, 1896-03-28


Armstrong, B. j.. Paul Rice. 800 Wells avenue
Bane, j. F., j. IL. Hunter, Vinton
Bowles, Il. p, j. G. Damaron, 5l3 First avenue
Berry, F. M, F. B. Thomas, $40 Campbell ave-
Buhrman. j. B., J. b Fishburne. Riverside
Cunningham. G. j.. w. K. Andrews. $40 Camp
Conrad, 4. s., II. M. Darnali, si5 First street s.
Curry, G. H., S. G. williams, a65 Tenth avenue
Dayton, P. NJ, ". II. Bowles. 41O Mountain
E Es1ln, J. 6, g, t. Walker, yinton. n,
Fishburne, It. T.. Home. 1901 Patterson avenue
Galloway. j. F., Mrs. Lucy A. North, 1918 Fourth
Griffith, DR.. r. g.. DR.. ]. A. Gale, Gle South
Grifitb, W. r.. Walter N. Foster. 4ls First ave-
Hatcher. r. F., Mrs. L. A. Dupriest. aa9 Seventh
Hill, @. r., IL. NJ. Darnall, 9l5 First street 8. w.
Huddleston. A. e., g. w. Ammen, 11l9 Pstter-
Joseph. j. c., C. p. Hogan. TIC Second avenue
Knowles. A. Liza. S. Asberry. 1902 Patterson
Magruder, Robt., Ponce de Leon Hotel.
Michael, o. C., James Oney, AIT Norman
Mo re. DR.. II. R.. Mrs. NJ. e. Brugh. 1is Eighth
avenue e.w
Moreland, Prof. s. r., Edw. L. Stone, Franklin
road.
Preston, &. D.. Ponce de Leon Hotel.
Rhodes, .. c., z. l.. Terry, 726 South Jefferson
street
Rhodes. j. W., John Eneleby, (room) sss
Campbell avenue 9. w.
Shfpey. Robert o., j. NJ. Tinsley, AIS Roanoke
street 8. W.
Sitter, Rev. Fred A.. q. d. Bulla, 2O7 Fourth
avenue n.
Thomas, w. H., j. a. Eishburne, Roanoke and
Church.
Members of Boards Not Delegates.
Alexander, j. E., T. e. Carson, Sss Church
avenue 8. W.
Barnard, Fuller, W. +. Locke, 42s Gilmer ave-
nue. n. w.
Barnhart, H. T., c. c. Shockey Goom), 400
Campbell aveaue 8. w
Br wn. DR.. G. A, Mrs A. A. Mitchell. b02 Pat
ton avenue n. Q.
Conway, P. v. D., j. F. snyd 1872 Albemarle
avenue W.
~ HELEN, W. H., Mrs. N. p. Zimmerman, %