Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1896-02-22


cital of the unparalleled progress which
the institution has made in encouraging
scientific research and activity will be
more of praise offering than pages Of
eulogy.
The circumstances connected with the
founding of the Smithsonian are sure to
be recalled at the coming anniversary
celebration. 1t was due to the return Of
a manuscript that James Smithson's
money came across the water to us in
stead of remaining in England 10 endow
some British institution.
James Smithson came of noble line
of ancestors, but on account of his hav-
ing been a natural son of the Duke of
Northumberland he never claimed any
title. and until he left college he bore the
name of his mother and graduated as
James Lewis Macie In 1891, when he
was 81 years old, he assumed the name
of his father, but not his title. Smithson
inherited a fortune and devoted his
whole life to scientific investigation. He
was especially interested in the study Of
geology and he made a valuable collec-
ton of minerals. Much of his time he
spent rambling over Europe, making
long excursions in the pursuit of new
specimens. He made perilous voyages
to small islands and had himself lower
ed into mines in buckets. He discovered
a carbonate of zinc, which was named
smithsonite in his honor.
He was made fellow of the Royal
society of London and afterward became
a vice president of the organization. For
years his scientific papers appeared in the
publications of the society, bnt in 1919
one Of his articles was rejected. This so
injured the sensitive soul of the scientist
that he withdrew from the society and
changed his will, in which he had be-
oueathed all his fortune to the London
society and transferred his bequest TO
the United States Perhaps it was his
| antipathy to a monarchical form of gov
eminent which made him select this
country instead of Germany or France,
where he was quite as much at home as
| be was in England.
1t was not direct bequest, but was
made conditional. Mr.. Smithson never
married, but he had nephew and to
| him the fortune of about $500, 900 first
went. In the event of the death of the
nephew without male heir the whole
sum was to be given to the United
States government to be used for the
purpose of establishing IN America
an organization "for the increase and
diffusion of knowledge among men. .
Smithson died in Genoa in 1929, and
the nephew, who was not at all inter-
ested in science, went to Paris, where
he lived for five years in the most
| lively fashion that he could devise,
spending the interest of his uncle's
money with a lavish hand. As the
nephew died a bachelor the fortune re-
verified to the United States. We did not
get it without much litigation, though,
but finally the entire sum in golden SOW
ereigns was handed over TO Richard
| Rush, who had been sent over to get the
money. Mr.. Rush, after finding that
the English bankers were trying to make
him pay an exorbitant rate of exchange,
boxed up the gold coins and put them
aboard a small sailing ship bound for
America. If the ship had gone down we
would have had no Smithsonian institu-
ton. but she arrived safely. Once more
the safety of the bequest was imperiled,
for while congress was quarreling over
the best method of applying the money
it was invested in Arkansas state bonds,
which have never been redeemed. The
government, however, was responsible
and had to restore the capital, although
- IL oloiunad that Arkansas sri uyyes
the interest. The building was begun in
I847 and has grown to be one Of the
scientific centers Of the world.