The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-01-06
Discussion of Feeding Terms.

bulletin from the Louisiana expert
ment station says:
The science of cattle feeding, like all
others. adopts a series of technical names
of terms to express the composition of
foods and their relation to each other.
All vegetable and animal substances
consist of two parts. the one organic
and consumed by heat, the other "inor-
ganic" or ashes" remaining from the
combustion All animals are supported
directly or indirectly by vegetables, there
fore the latter must contain all the IN
gradients needed for the sustenance and
the growth of the former
The organic part of plants and animals
consist of water" heterogeneous COM
pounds" fats" and carbohydrates. "
The ash is mainly lime. magnesia, potash
and soda combined with chlorine phos-
phoric, sulphuric and carbonic acids.
In the fresh state plants and animals
consist largely of water, taken In through
the roots of the former and the mouth OF
the latter heterogeneous compounds con-
tain nitrogen as their chief constituent
Familiar examples of "albuminoidS, the
heterogeneous compounds found In animals
are the albumen (white) of eggs, easein
(curd) of milk and the hbrin OF blood
Carbohydrates are compounds of carbon
hydrogen and oxygen and are familiar to
us in the forms OF sugar, starch ana ueA-
trine
hydrates proper, compounds closely relat-
ed which are classed under the head of
"cellulose" or "crude fibre This cellu-
lose usually furnishes the framework OF
the plant.
Animals. as before stated, live directly
or Indirectly upon plants. They deVour
the latter and transform them by diges-
ton and assimilation into animal matter.
Water constitutes, under most circum-
stances, over One-half of the entire weight
of an animal 1t decreases from the new
born animal (S0-S5 per cent? to the ma
ture fattened one $3.50 per cent?.
Fat constitutes from 10 to 40 per cent.
of the entire animal, the exact amount
depending upon its condition. the nj
trogenous matters make up the "albu-
minoids' which are found in the muscles,
tissues, lean flesh, blood, etc, the gela-
tine" of bones, and the horny matters OF
the hoofs and horns. The bones consti-
tute about 8 per cent. of the entire ami
NAL,
chemical compound capable of supplying
the requirements of the body, such as the
performance of the vital functions.
A fodder" or feeding Stuff in Its
generic sense is anything which is USED
as a food for animals and may be, like
grass and hay, a complete FOOD Uor
herbiVorous animals), or like cotton seed
meal, one-sded, Astounding. too largely in
"albuminoids." BY combining folders we
get a mixture containing al the nutri-
ents in proper proportions for supplying
the animal economically. Such mixture
is CO lied a ration"
These nutrients are consumed in the an
imal body 10 make neat, ana, therefore,
to perform work, to make fat or to sup
ply the tissues, fibers and bones, etc.
The carbohydrates are consumed and
supply the heat The fats may be stored
up as fat or consumed as fuel. The albu-
minoids may supply fibers, muscles, It's
sues geletine, horns and hoofs, may be
used to make fat or may be consumed
as fuel
The carbohydrates are the most abund-
ant and the cheapest nutrients, the fats
next with the -albuminOids the most cost
Iy. From the standpoint of economy,
therefore, these nutrients should be so
compounded as to supply all the carbO-
hydrates needed to supply the heat of the
animal system, leaving the fats to furn-
ish only fat and the costly albuminoids
to make the needed muscles, fbers, It's
sues, etc.
Since animals are fed for different pur-
poses it is evident that the amounts of
these different nutrients in the mixture
must vary to suit the demands of the in
divfdual animal. Animals are fed for
growth for maintenance, for fat, for
work for milk, or, in case of sheep, for
wool A difference in the proportion of
carbohydrates and fats to albuminoids
0snown as the nutritive ratio) must exist
in the mixture suitable for each.
Very few folders are entirely digesti-
BILE; If they were feeding standards
could easily be made