The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-08-16

the construction Of the filters. the rate Of
filtration. and other conditions varyins
with the. character OF the water 10 Dt
purified. -
For many years filtration through sano
has been used by European municipahuss
10 secure the publication OF wafer III
London most OF the drinking wafer mas
been filtered for upward o. rory years
The f,lter-bed OF Berlin covers an area
of more than thirty acres. In many OF
the continental cities. the drinking wa
ter is subjected to filtration.
The construction and practcai manas.
ment OF filters has been investigator WI"
great care. Comparative studies OF the
efficiency of sand filters and OF various
processes OF so-called mechanical mira
ton, have been recently made Ia Provi-
dence. X. l., and In Lawrence. MASS
While the results obtained by dinerent
investigators have not been In entire
agreement. the prevailing opinion OF san
itarians and engineers Is that sand mira
ton, where IL can be adopted, gives tho
best results in publication at the lowest
cost OF construction.
TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE.
Bang, professor at the veterinary SENIOR
of Copenhagen, has commenced resu
lar campaign against tuberculosis ia cav
tie. which disease in Denmark as :"
most other countries, Is becoHsT 80
rious danger. Bang expresses the eo'
yiction that all cases OF tuberculosis a.
caused BY infection, and that preo'spos'
ton. over-exert!on, and all other reasons
invoked 10 explain tho frequency oi INC
disease are only OF secondary importance'
tbo Infection a. virtually limited to the
stables. and Is, in most cases, propasateo
Inv the milk. Tuberculosis may he d.
rectly Inherited. but only rarely ana when
thu parents are very strongly anec'eu.
Nv infection OF tuberculin, the veterinary
surgeon has now q reliable. aitnoush not
an infallible, means OF diagnosing tuoer-
culosis. even in its early stages. By this
means It is possible to combat tho as
ease.
In April. 1892. Bang commenced expert
ments at a large farm, demonstrating by
the In tctions that OF Dos animals, lSi were
infected. only II being healthy; Of the
milking cows about ~ per cent. were In
fected.
The stable was thoroughly cleansed and
dsinfected And divided into two parts by
a wooden partition reaching from the hoor
to the roof All calves that had shown
the reaction TO the tuberculln injection
O. e., rise OF temperature. etc) were
killed. One part OF the stable was set
apart Tor the nedltny, announcer TOT iHe
diseased cows. and all communication
between the two was strictly prohibited.
Even the workmen were divided into two
classes-one for the healthy and one for
the infected cattle.
PROBATIONARY MEASURES.
All calves born after the beginning OF
the experiment were at once brought TO
the healthy portion Of the stable, and were
fed with boiled milk. except on the -hrst
day. when IL was found necessary 10 give
them the first milk heated to tempera-
ture OF 149 degrees. f.. at which temper
AZURE the virulencc OF the germs IL,
weakened. although not destroyed.
Twice a year all tho animals OF the
healthy portion were subjected 20 an In
lection of tuberclln In order TO ascertain
their condition. While this experiment
I'm the first year resulted In the detection
OF several new infections. I'm the last year
very few new cases have been found.
After the lapse OF three and one-haif
years. the result OF the whole procedure
was. in October. 1895. found 10 be that
the stock, which originally consisted OF
1871 infected and II healthy cows. now num-
hered 50 infected and 1872 healthy animals.
These results had been reached only by
breeding the calves born on the farm,
without buying a single COW.
The Danish government has now adopt
ed this manner OF combating tuberculosis
I'm cattle and the experiments are con-
tinued on a large scale at the public cost.
sANITAS.