davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-08-12
DeLand, Fla, Wednesday, August Ill, 1896

evidently formed by microscopic vege-
tations. There is thus discovered in
the very first products of the attrition OF
rocks the characters tic element of veg
etable soil, viz: humus, the proportion
of which increases rapidly with the
process of disintegration, until finally
the decaying mass is capabl- OF sustain
ing chloropbyl1-bearing plants
Not only upon the surface Of exposed
rocks have these organisms been dlscov-
cred, but also to considerable distance
in the interior OF rocks on high noun
tains, fragments of which have been
collected in sterilized tubes and sub
iected to cultivation in an appropriate
environment.
DECAY OF ROCKS AT HIGH ATTITUDES,
The naked rocks of high mountains
comprise mineralogical types of the mos
varied nature, VIZ, granite porphyry
gneiss, mica schist, volcanic rocks anc
llmestones of all varieties, and all these
have been found to be covered with
n1trify1ng ferment which is doubtless
extremely active IN producing incipient
decay. At the high attitudes at which
these observations have been made the
activity of bacteria is necessarily limited
by the low temperature to which they
aresubjected the greater part OF the year.
During the winter season their life is
suspended, but is not extlngulshed,
since they have been found living and
ready to resume ali their activity after
an indefinite sleep, perhaps of thousands
of years, ON the ice of the glaciers, where
the temperature never rises above the
freezing point. When the activity Of
these ferments in the most unfavorable
conditions is recognized, it is easily seen
how much more active they become
when brought down to lower levels where
they are nourished by the favoring con-
ditions which exist, especially during
the summer time, in cultivated soils.
In fact, the i'm portance of the action OF
these bodies on the mineral particles OF
which the soil is largely composed has
never been fully recognized, and there
is no doubt whatever Of the great signl-
ficance of their decomposing action in
the liberia ton of plant food locked up
in undecomposed mineral structures.
In this case the activity of the bacteria
is not limited to the surface of rock
masses, but permeates every particle Of
soil and thus becomes effective over a
vastly extended surface.
When the extreme minuteness of these
organisms and the phenomena which
they produce is considered there may
be a tendency to despise their impor-
tance, but by reason of the fact that
their activity is never-ceasing and of the
widest application, it must be placed
among the geological. causes to which
the crust of the earth owes a part OF Its
actual physiognomy and to which the
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-08-12

in the soil almost exclusively as mineral
phosphates, or is applied as such IN
fertilizers. Nevertheless, the phos'
phorus which is found in plants, and
especially in the seeds of cerealsexists
largely in organic combination, showing
that the original mineral rhoshates
have been entirely decomposed by the
process of digestion to which they have
been subjected Even the mineral phos-
phates which are found in plants are
not those which pre-existed in the soil.
Soil phosphates are chiefly those of lime,
iron and alumina, while plant phos-
pilates are chiefly those of potash.
SOLUTION OF SOIL PARTICLES.
At the present moment it is supposed
that the purely mineral matters men
toned above pass into solution under the
influence Of the secretions and vita
forces Of the plant rootlets. 1t is not
probable, howeverin view of the knowl
edge we already possess Of independent
soil organisms, that there may be class
of such bodies especially active IN the
dlsintegration of mineral particles and
the preparation of them for plant diges-
ton. Mutually, the first organisms
which would act upon bare rock would
be those which could subsist upon a
purely mineral environment. Such or
ganisms could draw their nourlshment
solely from the mineral itself and from
the air. One of the most important of
modern discoveries is the fact that the
nitrifying organism of the soil, She nat
ure of which will be explained further
on, and which is the chief instrument
in providing and digesting nitrogenous
nutriment for plants, is capable Of sub
sisting and fiourishirg in purely
mineral medium. 1t is believed, there
fore, that in the primary decay of bare
rocks, especially at high attitudes, the
nitrifytng organism plays highly i'm
portant part and prepares the surface of
the rock for the first rowth of lichens
and other low vegetable organisms from
which the first traces of humus are
formed. While these organisms are said
to subsist in a purely mineral environ
ment, it must be understood that the
carbon dioxide and traces OF ammonia
which the air may contain belong to this
category. It has been shown that these
bacteria can be developed by absorbing
from the ambient atmosphere traces of
ammonia and other bodies which may
be present in the air. They even assimi
ate the carbon of the carbon dioxide
much in the same manner as vegetables
which contain chlorophyll. Thus, even
in the denuded rocks of high mountains,
the conditions for the development of
all these inferior organisms exist. In
examining the particules produced by
attrition from such rocks it is easily
established that they are uniformly
covered by a layer of organic matter,
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-08-12

A@SAeeSN~~>d
formation of the deposits of the com.
minuted3 elements constituting arabic
soil are due.
TRANSLATION OF MINERAL MATTERS IN
PLANTS.
Consider for a moment q minute
fragment of mineral matter of any de-
scription containing particles of plant
food presented to the rootlet Of plant.
1t is evident at once that no mineral
particle however minute, can be bodily
transported in mechanical way and
become an integral part of any plant
tissue. Any attempt to move soil parti-
ces in this manner could only results in
a clogging of the pores of the cellular
tissues, the stoppage of the circulation,
and consequent death of the plant. The
mineral particle in question. therefore,
must suffer complete disintegration,
and the only forces capable of effecting
this, in so far as we know. are the solv-
eut action of the plant secretions, the
vital activity of the rootlet itself and the
decomposing influence of the soil fer.
ments. What particular proportion of
the solvent action is due to each of these
causes has not yet been determined. It
is known, however, that the weak or
ganic acids which may be contained in
secretions from the roots of plants are
not capable of exercising a very i'm
portant solvent influence on the soil
particles.
In fact, one of the organic acids which
may be found in the secretionS of the
rootlets Of plants, viz, oxalic acid, is
capable of exerting an influence which
is unfavorabl to the decomposition OF
mineral matters containing lime. A
mineral which is composed in part of
lime, when exposed to the action of OK
alic acid, which becomes coated with
him of lime oxalate which prevents any
further decomposing action. The in
fiuence of nitric acid, which is due to
the activity of soil ferments, is exerted
in this case in the most beneficial way,
attacking and dissolving the film of
lime oxalate and exposing fresh portions
of the mineral substance to decay.
Phosphoric acid, especially, which is sc
often found in comb. nation with lime,
may be released by this action and made
available. 1t must not be forgotten also
that lime itself is an essential plant food
and must be supplied IN appropriate
quantities to secure normal growth of
plants.
The ''vital activity" of the rootlet, a
phrase often used, has an indefinite
meaning and conveys absolutely no COM
prehensive idea of solvent action. On
the other hand, it is known that soil fer
ments are found in particularly large
numbers, clustering about the rootlets
of plants, and in fact existing In SYM
bolic union Herewith. This signifies
that the relation existing between them
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-08-12
Soil Ferments Important in Agriculture.
No. l.

BY DIR. W. FL. WILEY.
Chief of the Division of Chemistry; U. s. De-
partment of Agriculture.
, 1896-02-26
Planters take Notice.
SUGAR CANE MANURE.

manufactured at the REEF Manure
u Chemical Works in Barbados,
/. BERI, Proprietor. Cheap and
good. Analysis guaranteed.
Any one wishing to see the re-
suits Of this manure in growing
canes, can do SO by paying a visit
to the Estates Lower Love. Castle,
River, Golden Grove, Adventure,
Paradise, or M%anning's Bay, where
t has been used this season.
Directions for using.
l ton for 10 acres OF sprouts.
l q rattoons.
For further particulars apply to
BARTRAM BROTHERS.
Sole agents for st CroiS
, 1896-02-26

THE LIGHT OF LIFE PUT OUT.
, 1896-02-26
aTHE AVlso
is published Frerg
" CdneSdaV & Saturday.

Terms of Subscription
{ dora's per annum, payable half yearly in
advence.
Parties d,sir,n Of Withdrawing their subscription to
the fzie are required 10 CIV. months notice.
Terms of Advertising
,,lloved " Government 25th June l9ol.
f,r m advertisement Of 8 lines or under, |
fnaITyle (Brevier) to Shines ...,Si0
over s lines, pr. line ~
1a,ee TYNE, Long Primer, Small Plea
Plea and Columbia, l to 8 lines -, 100
Over s lines, per line 10
Tor a liae of the largest type.""..". 10
lor ons to three subsequent insertions th5
Itlf amount of these charges will bo made.
An .6vortisements for insertion must be delivered It
r., CdIcs = \ rrTesdays ~ FrIdays not later tn 81
TIM once from West Emu VI ~ "" "
- C.n+-octs VIII be made with parties wa0 nav
"a "a u,stpfrI - adyaItiso yeIly, haiIyearIy or Quarterly.
- - +oT, - ne cannot pay any Attention F,
- ~ ~ TnlcatOns every artlcle must b. dccOupt.
49,. ~ ~ ,Ti+o,is name not Necessarily lor publication, bdCa3
=, x,tjonno ~ tLa,ticn and for our own security. aIii it mast
1n 1 Wen :" @Gr fhat when a communication Is ms .si
{ = editor does not therefore necessarily aelVo ""A Il OPINIONS
80 ~ H. ur,fpr. We cannot undelIaAe 70 retdrh nor pr
~, rejected manuscripts. Manuscript mA''o' must DC Write
emily on one slIe Of The paper, ,,fc. With ,m.
sst LINING 1espascu.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22
Popular Daily Excursions to Chicago
and the East.

The Union Pacific is the only line run-
ming upholstered Pullman tourist sleeping
cars from California and Nevada 10 Chi
caso without changing every day in the
year. Through Pullman double drawing
room sleeperS and dining room cars 10
a'cl5o It.y without change on ~lhe
Overland Flyer" Only one cuans2 10
New York and Boston. in--.,n Nc
'ada to licago only three days.
Steamship tickets on sale to and from
ali points in Europe.
For full particulars, tickets ana sleep
y car accommodations, call or address d.
" Hitchcock, General Agent, No. (,
Montgomery street, San FrIa,jscp, Cui
or ". D, Phillips, Agent 5. P. Co., Reno
Nevada,
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22
Notice to Creditors,
ate of VIM. j. Picker deceased.

Estate of VIM. J. Picker deceased.
Notice is hereby given by the under.
signed, Administrator of the estate of VIM
]. Picker, deceased, to the creditors of and
all persons having claims against the said
deceased, to exhibit them, with the necess-
airy vouchers, within two months after the
first publication of this notice, to the SAID
Administrator, at the Office of County
Recorder in Carson City OImsby County
Nevada. Dated July grid, 1896.
j. q. Ellis, Administrator Of estate
of W. J. Picker deceased.
Jas. r. Judge Attorney for estate,
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22

I have purchased at the Sheriff's
sale all of the Groceries, provisions
wines liquors, glass, paints, oils and
general merchandise in the store Of
Archar Baker aud [ will continue the
business at the old stand opposite the
Mint. [ respectfully ask a share "
public patronage. and [ promise fair
and liberal dealing.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22
Martin Lutz.

Lost-A Fraternity pin with Greek let
ter S. The FINGER will please leave it
Mrs. VIM. Remley who has been
sick in Virginia City has returned to
CaIson.
Melrose Preserves in glass at Walsh
&W ylie's.
Strawberries. raspherries, peaches
and apricots, put up for cream at
Walsh& Wylie's.
A e and improved bed lounge is
attracting a good deal of attention at
George kitzmeyer's Furniture store,
and well it might, as it is way ahead
Of the old style in every respect Geo.
Kitzmeyer is wide awake to all i'm
provements and is the fiji st one to of
er them to the public and is always
be FIR ore to reduce prices. m12m
Wanted-Situation as pain cook on
house keeper III a small family. Apply al
this Office. #
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22
Cash Store Prices.

Goods old for cash only. Positively
no credit.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22
School Supplies.

John 6. Fox sells bigger blank-books
and tablets than was ever sold for the
price in Nevada.
"A ruler with metric system of measure
inent recently adopted by Congress- given
TO every purchaser that asks for it a full
assortment of paper and metal shells al
ways on hand.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22

This is only a partial list of our cash
prices more will be published tomorrow.
TIE CASH GROCERY
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22
TESTT

The following test will be required of
voters at said primary election: Il am in
favor Of BRYAN and Scwall for President
aud Vice President of the United States
and the free and unlimited c~ainaoe of
silver at the ratio of 70 to in United States
independent OF any other nation, and will
support the nominees of the Silver Party"
Resolved, That this Committe directs
the County Central Committees of tn,
Silver Party i'll the several counties in th,
State to call primary elections at the time
designated by this Committee, and to de-
signlte by this COMMITTEES. and TO dis
trIct counties, apportion delegates to fine
State Convention among the districts of
their respective counties. and SUPERVISE
the election OF such delegates, and that j,
counties having no regular ORGANIZED
County Central Committee we r.co,,
mend that membeas of the State cep+ra,
Committee be and hereby are authorized
to call primary elections and TO <i.ncrviss
the elections and to supervise the cIectio,
of such delegates.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22
lGEl IC ! ICE!!

The only pure ice in the market is that
sold by DR. 7. nj. Benton. 1t is cut on the
Carson River-from pure running water
and not formed on stagnant pools, swarm
with animal life. 1t is ice from mountain
water that has its origin in the now capp.
ed peaks of the Sierras and means health
S well as GOODNESS to the consum err.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22
Collection Agency.

The interstate Commercial and Co.lcc-
ton Agency Incorporated, is the recog-
nized reliable and established agency of
the city Of Sacramento, has attorneys at
all prominent points in and out of the
State. Your membership is solicited
We will also collect accounts on commits
sion. Office, go Fifth Street Sacramento.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22

Lost Old. gentle, large black
mare, white hind feet and branded
} on left shoulder. Came from
a ierIa Valley. Return to Alfred.
Chartz, and make reasonable charge
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1896-09-22

quick anti permanent results IN bus
oe'eloping an: t"eautifying complex
ions with the great Mammaleue rem
Fdy. Irrhtise b. mail for 4 cen IS
o 243s. San francisco. jn173nt
Try some of those Melro>c Preserves At
Walsh K W%vlic',.
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02
Maryland Items.


Phillip 7. Davidson prosperous farmer
near Queenstown, fed green cord to forty
hogs Thursday morning, and in the even
ing 2s died.
The main of the Queen Anne's Railroad
is nearing completion. and considerable
interest is shown in it by residents of that
county.
A. F. Huey. Esq, of Masseys, has sold
his John Ireland farm. between Galena and
Masseys, to Lemuel Marks, Esq, of Balti-
more, for $4. .6OO The farm contains 115 acres
and is well improved. 1t will be tenanted
by Mr.. Edw. Walters, son of Mr.. B. F.
Walters.
Harry Porter. aged II years. was killed
last Thursday on the Massey andMillington
branch of the Delaware Railroad near his
home at Van Dyke. Porter attempted to
cross the track in front of moving train,
but stumbled, and before he could recover
himself the wheels had passed over his
body.
During the past week, says the Easton
Gazette" several counterfeit silver half
dollars have been discovered being innocent
ly passed by the holders to the people who
detected their spurious character. 1t will
be prudent for every one accepting coin
to scrutinize 1t closely to avoid being de-
frauded and to prevent the ''Shovers of the
Queer" from plying their nefarious trade
in our midst.
People in Talbot county, Maryland, are
now preparing for registration. Under the
new election law all of the old registration
lists are wiped out of existence and all vo
ters, regardless of age, must again be regis.
tered. In the next election in Maryland in
delible crayOns will be used to mark tn,
ballots instead of ink stamps. This ha,
been done to prevent ballot being marked
in two places by the ink spot becoming
| blurred
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02

Rev. Mark Minser, a Dunkard minis
ter of Deckers Point, Pa, says he can
recommend Chamberlain's Pain Balm
to anyone in need of good linament,
and that he considers it the best he has
ever used. Pain Balm is especially
valuable for rheumatism, lame back,
sprains, swellings, cuts, bruises, burns
and scalds. 1t is ore Of the most re-
markable medicines in existence, and
its effects will both surprise and de-
light YOU. For sale at 20 and 80 cents
per bottle by Clifton & Raymond.
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02
T.v A,,,u,s Foot.Ense,

powder 20 be shaken into the shoes. AZ
this season sour feet feel swollen and nor, aha
tight shoes. tfy Aliens Foot Ease. IL coos the
feet and makes walking easy. Cures ana pre-,
vents swollen and sweating feet Dlisters ana
callous spots. Relieves corns and bunious OF all
pain and gives rest and comfort. Try II today.
Al druggists or shoe stores. BY mail foI 2oc II
stamps. Trial package FREE. Allen !. Oimsteo,
lie ROs n r.
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02

1t doesn't matter much whether sick
headache, biliOusness, indigestion and con-
stipatiOn are caused by neglect or by un-
avOidable circumstances; DeWitt's Little
Early Risers will speedily cure them all.
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02

SMYRNA Branch TraIh-'
Going North, 7.I6, s.41, 95S a. NJ So2' o'=' FA
Going south. s.2s 1856 A. NJ. s.52. 5.27' 500 Pm
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02
Resident Agent Wanted

1.-The Penny Magazine" New York, is
about to establish a permanent agency in
this locality. 1t is the latest success in pc
riodical literature, and is the only real
Magazine in the world that sells for 10 cents
a year. A commission of thirty per cent.
is allowed to agents, or three cents ON
every subscription. Applicants for agen-
cies should indicate territory desired.
Every one who sees 1.-THE Penny Magazine
subscribes for it. Send for sample copy.
THE PENNY COMPANY,
150 Nassau Street, New York City.
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02
WANAMAKER'S,
PHILADELPHIA. Monday, Aug. 81, 1895.
HELPS TO HOME-MAKIN0

HELPS 10 nOME-MAkINO
The City Of Homes can
best appreciate Wanamaker's. S.
Merit is the test of the stufS
we sell, and merit means much
toward endurance. Concen-
tration of business lessons cost
OF business; great buying less
ems cost of goods. Merit with
true economy makes buying
safe and easy. And the gen
eral Wanamaker guarantee
makes the assurance Of right
ness doubly sure.
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02

woven INTO ScOtchilied checks
They'll Lc charming for tailOr-made
gowns. 46 in.. $l.25
TatTeta PiaidS - twenty.h color
plays aud each Overplaided with
silk They're for dresses, waists and
skirts tnI grown folks. They're for
children. too aS in. 75c
Plaids-criSsCross prettlness
from France. Germany. Scot
land and Yankee-land. More
plaidS than ever, which is say
ing much. A peep at a few of
them
5oc-Gay PIaids Of serge
and Granite weave, over.
plailcd with bright silk
threads. rs combinations.
65c-Gay Plaids-wool su-
rah grounds over pIaided
with silk. % combina-
tiOns.
75c-Sixty-two over-plaided
Plaids-wool tafleta and
granite grounds, with silk
threads asparkling over
the surface.
85c-Wool TaHeta Plaids
with bright silk cross
plaids. y styles 43 in.
81 and I25-Wool Taffeta
Plaids--fancy and dark
coloringswith contrasting
cOlor-plays in the over
plaid. IS styles As in.
$I.25-Scotch Tartan Plaids
that have the soft touch
OF the old,timc blanket
shawl. Twenty clan plaids
faithfully reproduced by
an enthusiastic Scotch
man SO in.
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02
BLACK DRESS GOODS

Bright. brilliant, good Black
Storm Serge so in wide, soc
a yard We've sold as good
at 75c-never before for less.
Crush d handful of it; release
it and it's fresh and CHEEKY
looking as ever Just wool,
cOlOrcdwith iast-black dye that
leaves the fabric soft and un-
harmed.
JOmN WANAMAKER.
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02
Closing of Mnlls'

Go,ng North. ESQ. s.25 a. m, $50, ASS p. m.
Going South 900 a. m, and 500 p m
Mail for Delaware & Chesapeake ROAD ano
Baltimore & Delaware Bay VIII ciOSe @' 0'AO o. III
nd $50 p. m.
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02
SEASON OF 1896.
Woodland
Bleach.

The season at Woodland Beach is now open
This is one of the most popular and attractive
bayslde resorts in the country, possessing the
finest pavilionS handsomeSt grounds, with con
venienceS and facilities for the accommodation
of guests on the BAY
The Hotel h recently been enlarged, thor
ough renovated p+pered snd painted, and
furnished throughout maKing il the most COM
plete and comfortable in all its appointments on
the peninsula.
The cuisine" is unsurpaS. ed, the table libe r
ally supplied with the choicest Yiands of the
city and country markets.
FISHING.
Boats can be secured at times for Fishing,
Of which fine sport there is always plenty, whtn
the weather is at all favorable. Without doubt
the best point on the Bay Tor this sport.
GRABBING.
Crabs caught by the quaint ties at the landing
without the trouble OF expense of a boat Boats
to hire at seasOuable rates. Free TO guests of
Hotel.
Bombat Hook Island, upon which Woodland
Beach is situated, has long been noted for its
good ginning grounds. and is still keeping up
its reputation: wOOdeOck and gntpe having feen
plOver shooting during July, August and Sep
temEer. In the Fill aud Spring the best place
on the bay for duck shooting.
MUSIC.
A first class Orchestra, under the leadership Of
William J. OgleSby. of Chester, Pa will furnish
music IN the Grand Pavilion every day and at
the weekly Wednesday evening hops.
TERMS, VERY REASONABLE.
For further particulars address.
L. P. CAMPBELL, Proprietor
n Address Sn,vrna Del
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02

NTOTICEs
IN Notice is hereby given that l, William
f. Dunn, OF the town of Smyrna, in Kent county
and the State of Delaware. intend to make appi'
cation to the Court OF General Sessions of the
Peace and Jail Delivery of the State of Delaware
in and for Kent county, on Monday, the 18th day
of October, A. D.. 1896. Then to be holden at
Dover for license to sell intoxicating liquors as
a druggist in quantities not greater than one
quart, BY order or prescription of regular prac-
teing physician at the house or place of business
situated in United School Districts Nos. 8, q,
and 07 in Kent County aforesaid and located on
the Northwest side of Commerce street, in the
town of Smyrna aforesaid and the names OF the
freehOlders and respectable citizens recommend
ing the same are.
w, w. Tschudy d. j. Cummins,
George ID, Collins. A. e Jardlne,
VI. A. Winford w. II. Ianney,
N r. Wilds, Robert Hill
VIM e. Hall ]. II. Speakman,
W. d. Hudson, James Millams;
Smyrna, Del, August 49, 1896.
Smyrna times., 1896-09-02
OOcD,nn of Malls.

From North. 40. $50 a. m. 600 and S.25 p. m
Wilmington only.
From south, 74O lOlj A. NJ. 40 Pm.