The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1896-12-22

4AN s@saA@s lntss ell%4- he GEAE issued q
T144111eSto A2Tl3 =. stating the tsc.s and
fne grounds on ~hkch MS Intervention
HAs o@3evsd 70 Se legitimate This pa
5ef ioanSea the vlght ef intervention act
- - - Ae@Anfss q TIE eslligeTensss but
on Els stTsagth- Russia asseFse9 as
FE11elpe taat sae r1uSt intervene he-
ca9ss II she did not Intervene Hungary
ae4sc establish her Independence. This
Rt-CFatAt ts11e1 10 establish fRe right OF
every government 70 IBtarven. IN tnA a.
f9irs % tore-sn states. whenever their
ns%alAfaon tends 70 entaEGsr its own safe
=. TIE political equilibrium q IS from
Many European Preeedentx-
:, .besidess tie foGr presidents of Greece.
Belgium. Poland and fiumsary. vgsssre - :
slakt9a@afleS were n QuesIInn ralca
s@fErE naN Der Of .nservwusi0ns occurred
q E-fsile "a the pToSess of disruption og
Sas consolidation wbkea has on one aand
aHSshsegTaTea the ancient empires 81 the
s4lkafls u SEain. Of the church and on
ise other concentrated the new systems
=. y satfli-a5ly russia aud Italy futerVsn-
kie4as have oecurreG most eonsglcuoasay in
- atn Uy FRANCE, IN lS-&. in Portugal by
f--letAiln n NJ, aE4Ia - Spain ana Par-
A4sAl IL kAse, bg ksBstana and France. and
wat Was called sAe auadTuule treatw in
fleomont ard Naples. ~ the hufy an
AlSe ~ ls-ls ard "a SO many instances
s'ase isss that the mere enumeration waJid
= NnE an9 9iftlsrlt. But none u fne Gls-
surced countries claimed permanent In
dependence un9er a form OF revolution.
Laless u were perhaps the states u The
cHAGen Or Rome. watch on February $
Nss declared the pope 20 be aepose4i ana
set up a provisional government under a
FeHal0tionary tribunal
The Freneh executive. Louis Napoleon,
AaFS snottier direction 10 the policy OF
france he immediately sent : French
army 10 GivsTa Necchis- which landed
Z sxe April y, and afts-- a bloody struggle.
grove the republican government our of
Rome. The French entered Home J1ly !.
Pope Plus IN. returned there IN April
assa. and inriag the next twenty years
keEne remained under she Occupation OF
LreEeh array. The only reason given by
france IL Niis instance. for Intervention.
WAS taag the occupation Of Rome WAS nee
SSSsFy ln order 70 maintain the political
saitnenee os France. This Vas The ground
taken BY President Louis Napoleon N ex-
plAaning his course TO the chambers IL
Since the year 1s27. Intervention in the
affairs OF the Ottoman empire has been
80 constant as 10 create Il body Of jar.s-
prudence, aad a long series OF treaties on
aich the existence 81 all political sys-
tens OF Southeastern Europe seem now 10
" more or less entirely based. Not only
Greece. Montenegro. Rouman.a, 6us gaEyia
Roufael!a. Sevyia and Egypt have been the
creations Of such interventions or the
subjects OF its restraints. but also Samos.
Crete, and even Lebanon owe their legal
statuts 10 the same source. An authority
so great must assume some foundation in
law. seeing mat the entire world acdGi-'
esced not only in the practical exercise
OF the force, but also In the principle on
winch It rested whatever that was.
The treaty OF Berlin, in 1878 was a
broad assertion OF the right OF the Euro
pe1n powers to regulate the affairs OF the
Ottoman empire. but the treaty contains
no statement OF the principle of the iuris-
prudence on which the right rests The
preamble merely declares that the powers
being desir0us TO regulate with a view
10 European order the questions raised
IN the East by the events OF late years
and hV F1A farFptp FpI btr h2 i'm
mary treaty OF San SIefano have been
unanimously OF the opinion that the meet
ing OF congress would not offer the best
means OF facilitating an understanding.
These six preeedents include. as far
as Is known, every instance where a
claim to independence has been made by
any people whatever In Europe, since the
close of the Napoleonic wars in 1915
Other successful revolutions. such as
those OF Tuscany and the states OF the
chrrch I'm ls49. were the immediate results
OF Intervention, and that or Naples. in
1s6o, was. from FIRST TO last. perhaps the
most striking example of Intervention in
erscdsrn times. although Naples hardly
thought it necessary 10 pass through any
Independent authority. The six prece-
dents. therefore. constitute the entire Eu-
ropean law on the subject of intervention
In regard 10 European peoples claiming
independence by right of revolution.
From this body OF precedent Ii Is clear
that Europe has invariably asserted and
lfAEtlCeu Efc El@ffI 20 interfere DOfn col
lectiyeiy and separately. amicably and
forcibly, IN every instance. except that of
Poland. where a European people has re-
sorted TO insurrection 20 obtain independ
ence The right itself has been based on
various grounds: Tmpediments to COM
merce;' Burdens on measures OF protec-
tion and repression Requests of one or
both parties 20 interpose: 'Ennsion OF
blood and Evils of all kinds Human
ity' and The repose of Europe Greek
treaty of ls2D. "A warm desire TO arrest,
with the shortest possible delay. the dts
order and effusion Of blood protocol OF
November 4 1880. In the case OF Belgium
His own safety or the political equilih-
rum on the frontiers Of his empire.
CRussian circular OF April 2T. ls4s. in the
case OF Hungary To safeguard the In
terest and honor and TO Maintain the
political influence OF the intervening
power (E'rench declaration OF 1880 in
regard to the states OF the churchD FL
naily. in the latest and most considerable,
because absolutely unanimous act of all
Europe. simply the desire 10 regulate.
preamble 20 the treaty OF Berlin, lsss.
covering the recognition OF Servia. kou-
mania Montenegro and Bulgarta.G
The report then turns 10 the experience
Of Asia In regard 10 Asia. probably all
other authorities agree rhan the entire
fabric OF European supremacy, whether
in Asiatic Turkey. Persia, Afghansstan.
India. Siam or China, rests on the right
OF intervention.
n
The American precedents are handled
exhaustiveiy. After tracing the nprisiugs
In Mexico. Venezuela, Chile and the Arsen-
Republic against Spanish rule. the report
says. IN part:
THE question OF intervention began IN
lSi7. The Spanish goxernment appeared
TO the EuropeAn powers Tor AID. Ihe czdr
openly took sides with Spain. In October.
1917. the Russian government Instructed
its ambassador in London 70 press on the
British government the great importance
of European Intervention. freslasnt Mon-
roe decided as early as April lsls. 70 ols-
courage Europe mediation. IN august Ae
made formal propcsa4 70 the bFttlsa aha
French governments for concerted ail9
contemporary recognition OF baeuns
Ayres Whose 6e faeto Independence maze
that country ne natural object of q nFsl
step towards the establishment oi gen
eral policy IN December he notified oot
s-5s-afss r,ler1ts that he had patiently waitt .
without interfering IN thr toAey o. - -
allies but As they had nos sAfeet uFvA
anything and as the fact OF the iue % eestsI9- sss
euce bf Buenos Ayres appeared es5a oltsilet5
he thought that recognition was leces-
sarv. In January. 1873 ne ANNOUNCE W tu
them that ns was acfuaiiy consiaet it :
fhla measure Thus Rl4 parties aaa - teel
a. eartv as 1Sf- and 1918 upon the pfoFssF - y
OF intervention between SPAN ana A-f
colonies Both The United states ana ~.
rope aSserted that me a5ie aaa SoaH ~, -,
they disagreed oniy as 20 the MODE " aeh
presiaent Monroe iufsrTsoss-d h1@ nat ma
no interference could be oon71 tenAneed y
him except upon the o@si~ O. lnaet,ssia' !.
enes ne Dictated in advance tH~ only Hfede
sf Intervention which he meant 80 pc M !.
II s. waited before carrying u o9i- u
was only because. IN the act1aI tsslAsle -
81 European and American ppNrf. As .si'
rss-sf Aaslst@d action rntx1t tn3uFe tae
,-sfuse he had determined 20 neip.
'He waited tn vain Seifher f-ils = ~
nar any oEaer power moFtd A@asn. - - =.
= ss.iss ~ fglrr wears from the tlTus han
- began his poey the GFeek rexoI5 "a
F.ssrape ard Tie msii, ary success g be.t'
var and ltur as6e IN AussFtcsA, gave tiss -