davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08
Public Sale.

CHAPLIN 4 GRILL wish to announce
to their friends and neighbors that they
are practical live stock and farm chat
ties auctioneers and desire a share of
the public sales of this and adjoining
counties. We f%urnishish sale bills to
our customers free of charge. Salts
faction guaranteed IN every instance.
We also build the best FARM FENCE in
the fence line. If our work in both
branches isn't first class and rated with
the best, don't pay us anything; If it is
all right and satisfactory, our prices are
among the lowest. CHAPLIN " GRILL,
Plymouth, Ind, Lock Box lO003.
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08

1t is understood that the republican
convention to select two delegates and
two alternate delegates to the national
convention at st. Louis, and a presiden-
tial electOr for the Thirteenth district
will be held at Plymouth, March 10Th.
The Elkhart county central committee
will in a short time call a mass conven
ton for the purpose of selecting dele
gates to Plymouth convention. There
are at present five candidates for the de-
legates to the national convention.
among them:
A. l.. Brick, of South Bend, Major J
ii. Heatwole, of Goshen, Messrs. Ken
dali and Siders, of Plymouth. The fifth
candidate is considerably of a clark
horse and is said to hail from Mar.
shall county. For the important posi-
ton of presidential e%lector, no names
have been Observation-Disclosures Times
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08

The Lake Erie Il Western have closed
a contract with Buffalo Bill Wild West
show to transfer that aggregation from
the Pennsylvania line next June. This
show will exhibit in Plymouth June 80.
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08
A suggestions.

The following from the Wabash
Times, comes at a time when a ten
strike can be made by the m~arriagable
ladies of Plymouth. If they will favor
us with announcement, when they de
sire to meet, the INDEPENDENT will
render them all the assistance possible.
The Times says:
sixteen bachelors of Plymouth have
organized a bachelors club. Their
rooms will be known as bachelors
Paradise upon the large front bay
window of which will be painted: Gle
who enters here leaves welded bliss be
hind" 1t will now be in keeping fol
the young % ladies of Plymouth tC
band together in some such organiza
ton.
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08

Feb. 1 1896.
j. Vangundy was at Argos Tues
day.
Relatives of G. f.. shoemaker have
been visiting them the past week.
c.. ). Altman has Teen in town over
seeing his interests in and around lion
the past week.
Constable Will Washburn, of Center,
was visiting his father-in-law J. +. Jor-
don Tuesday.
Mrs. Laird visited her parents and
numerous friends near Bourbon last
week.
w. II. Taylor is visiting the schools
this week.
Now is the time to subscribe for the
INDEPENDENT, Herbert Lizard will take
your order, just hand him a dollar and
the editors will do the rest.
Eighty five X. o. 7. Ms and friends
of Etna Green, fell i'll upon Will Coar
last Friday evening, and completely
knigted him. 1t being the anniversary
of his birth. Quite an enjoyable eve
ming was passed.
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08

The Cincinnati Shoe Manufacturing Company was slightly dam
aged to the extent of S15OO0 on
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08
A Valentine.

When the pansieS. in the spring.
Breathed their fragrant hearts away
To the zephyrS lowering
softly DER them all the day.
Then | gave You blossoms fair
For your tawny-tinted hair.
When the ruddy summer ame.-
All the fields with poppies sowed.
And tile roses daInaSk flame
In the mellow moonlight glowed.-
Then | gave you tribute due.
Admiration warm and true.
When the golden autumn caught
Scattered threads the summer spun.
And IA goodly garment wrought.
All of mingled mist and sun.
Then | gave affections NEED.
Friendship fond in word and deed.
springs sweet blossoms went To sleep:
Died the summers rediest rose:
Autumn lights are hidden deep
In the fleece ri winter SHOWS.
Now. my fervent love is thine;
Dear. accept the valentine.
HAITI WHITNEY
From Demorest'S Magazine for February.
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08
THE
New York World,
TnRICE-A-wEEK EDITION.
10 Pages a Week. $50 Papers a Year.

Is larger than any weekly or semi
weekly paper published and is the only
important Democratic weekly" pub
lished in New York City. Three times
as large as the leading Republican
weekly of New York City. 1t will be
of especial advantage to you during the
Presidential Campaign, as 1t
is published every other day, except
Sunday, and has all the freshness II
timelIness of a daily. 1t combines all
the news with a long list of interesting
departments, unique features, cartoons
and graphic illustrations, the latter be-
ing a speciality.
Ali these Improvements have been
made without any increase in the cost,
which remains at one dollar per year.
We offer this unequaled newspaper
and the WEEKLY INDEPENDENT
together me year for Sl.65.
The regular subscription price OF
the two papers is $3.50.
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08
BOOTS and O

And a part of this mammoth stock has b
as directed by the insurance company an
street, and will be sold to the people o.
counties al less than appraised value. tn
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08
For Georgia.

The following are those who went to
Georgia Wednesday to settle down with
the colony:
DIR. j. M. DenistOn, Clara Denist0n,
w. g. Deniston, Mamie Deniston,
Emma GRANGE, Geo. Cross, Bert Denis
ton and wife, Chas. Stevens, Bert
Buchan, Frank Buchan, Isaiah Critic,
Josephine Critic, Mary Critic, Minnie
Critic, Leonard Leogan.
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08
For Sale

\ span of good horses and harness
An exceptionally good bargain. Cash
CO on time. Enquire at this office.
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08
Theatre Talk.

Maude Y. Caruthers, is an artist in
her line, as a reader. She is connected
with the Sprague Concert Co., and the
numerous press notices received hear
out the assertion Ina she stands at the
head of her profession.
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08

A few drops of Brazilian Balm In a
little warm water makes the best eye
water in tho world.
For sale by sHADEL 4 REYNOLDS.
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08

If a person of an inquisitive turn of
mind, should interview those who at
tended the Perkins ID. Fisher Comedy
Co., in "a Cold Day at the opera house
Wednesday they would discover a diver
sIfied expression OF opinions. Honestly
speaking, the majority are of an unfayor-
able nature.
The company is not up to the stand
ard, as they appeared last year. The
greater portion of the company seem to
to be amatuers and did not give a prop
er support to the principal actors.
While we are willing to admit that al
entertainment of this nature is extreme-
ly difficult to present with entire salts
faction, yet for a fifty cent show, it was
not what it should have been and pro-
duces evidence that the company is
travelling on its former established
popularity.
Semi-weekly independent. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1895-1897, 1896-02-08

Plymouth for some time has been to
the front in the formation of aggrega-
tions. 1t Is reported that the latest
formation, is composed of Gid Blain,
Ronald Thomson and Gene. flasher
who have secured the s%tereoScope out
fit formerly owned by ID. L. Redd, and
Jacob Martin, and have made all the
arrangements necessary to enter into
any engagement. The different posi-
lions taken by this new company are:
Gid Blain, advance agent; Ronald
Thomson. lecturer; Gene flasher,
manipulation.
The boys have, according to bills out,
a date at Lapaz, and their many friends
wish them unbounded success.
y number of our citizens Will no
doubt hear that the Gertrude Sprague
Concert Co., are dated for an entertain
ment in our city Monday night, Feb. 10.
After learning this fact, they may for
get 1t, and thus meet a rare treat. This
company, Is without doubt the finest of
its kind on the road, and wherever they
nave appeared they have received flat
tering recommendations.
This concert will be held in the VI. f.
f. church owing principally to the con
dition of the opera house, and the more
comfortable seating of a large audience
that always greets their appearance.
We can heartily recommend this ex-
cellent musical company to the people
of Plymouth. They have been travel
ing together for years and have become
as near perfect in their musical num-
bers as al generally be attended.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07
LOCh LVnn'S First Election.

Monday the citizens of Loeb
Lynn Heights, Garrett county's
youngest offspring, held their first
municipal election, resulting in the
following ticket beng chosen:
Mayor, Mr.. c. NJ, Rathbun
councilmen, Swear term, Capt. S.
NJ. Taylor and G. }. Rathbun;
2-year term, A. l.. Spiker and r,
E. Burley; 1-year term, G. j..
Bunce and Warren Rathbun; clerk
NJ. L, Selby; treasurer, Jerry
Moon; bailiff, Lincoln Calls.
According to the charter all citi-
zens Of the town were entitled to
vote. Several of the gentler sex
put in an appearance at the polls,
but the election judges refused them
suffrage, and the result, so we are
informed, is not yet settled, as the
ladies think they were not treated
with proper consideration.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07
How to Treat a Wife.

First, get a wife; second, be pa
tient. You may have great trials
and perpleXities in your business,
but do not therefore, carry to your
home a cloudy or contracted brow.
Your wife may have trials, which,
though of less magnitude, may be
hard for her to bear. A kind word
a tender look, will do wonders in
chasing from her brow all clouds of
gloom. To this we would ada always
keep a bottle of Chamberlain's S
Cough Remedy in the house. Your
wife will then know that you really
care for her and wish to protect her
health, For sale by Oakland Phar-
macy and DR.. j. W. Laughlin Deer
Park.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07
Uninproved Land for sale.

I am authorized BY the owner, to
sell the following Military Lots:
143G, 1437, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1449,
1853, 1862, 1863, lying near Sang
Run-also 1916, 1548, 1862, 1868,
and 1864 near McHenry-and 1869
and 1O61 about one mile and half
North of Deer Park Hotel-also
Lots 1882, 1888, 4O6 and 3O5.
Also the tract of land on which the
famous eagle Rock" stands.
Terms to suit purchasers. Fred. A.
Ihayer, Attorney. 19-tf.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07
MUM BER 9.
THE NEW TOWN CHARTER.
Through One of it's Provisions OAK
land Becomes Involved in a
Law Suit

lana Becomes involved in a
Law Suit.
On last Thursday Mr., Edward l.
West, through his attorney, MIR.
Thomas j. Peddicord, filed bill
Of complaint in the Circuit Court
for this county, asking that an in
junction be granted restraining the
Town Council from enforcing the
act of Assembly Of 1896 and ordi-
nances passed in accordance there
with imposing tax of $3.50 upon
parties within the limits of the
town who are engaged in selling
liquor for profit.
The bill alleges that the act Is
unconstitutional and abridges the
rights of citizen of the town to
carry on business and that by its
operations not only the bar connec-
ted with hotels is closed but that
the hotel itself is closed against the
public at 1870 O'Clock every night,
and that 1t is compelled by the act
to be open for business at the hour
Of ) O'Clock every morning. The bill
also alleges that by the enforcement
Of the ordinance it would impose
upon the plaintiff irreparabIe dam
age and loss, with the usual prayers
that a bill Of injunction be granted,
etc.
That section Of the charter as
passed by the late session of the
legislature to which the plaintiff in
this case takes exceptions, reads as
follows:
"195 II. And be 1t further en-
acted. That the Mayor and Town
Council pass all such ordinances as
may be necessary to impose Il license
tax upon each and every saloon and
hotel or other place where spirituous
and fermented liquors are sold with
view to profit, which license tax
will be collected at the date of the
granting OF said license. The pro-
ceeds Of said tax shall be paid into
the treasury of said town as any
other tax. The said license tax
shall be in each and every year the
sum of one hundred and fifty dol
lars, said license to be applied for
and granted by the Mayor and
Town Council of the town of Oak
land to be dated from the &flas55 Mon. y
day in May of 'es56 year, and for
any portion of year to be regulated
by ordinances in the discretion of
the Mayor and Town Council, and
further the said saloons, hotels or
other places where spirituous and
fermented liquors are sold with a
view to profit, shall be closed at
ten-thirty O'Clock p. m. and opened
at five o'clock a. m., each day, and
the said Mayor and Town Council
shall provide by ordinances now in
force and operation in SAID town
shall remain and be in full force
and effect until regularly repealed,
provided that nothing herein con-
tanned shall be construed to prevent
the compromising or sale OF any such
liquors by regular pharmacist or
druggist having license for such
business under the laws of this
State, upon written bona fde pre-
scrlption of a regular practicing
physician Of such district or county
whose name shall be signed
thereto"
The answer to the bill is being
prepared by Mr.. Gilmor S. Hamill,
attorney for the council, and will be
filed in a few days when the case
will be heard and passed upon by the
court.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07
The Wonderful New Process" Blue
Flame Oil Stove.

We have added to our line a sum-
mer cooking apparatus, the "New
Process" Blue Flame Oil Cook
Stove, which for cleanliness, sim
plicity, durability, economy and
absence Of odor, is far in advance
of all predecessors.
A stove on which there are no
chimneys to break.
A stove which perfectly consumes
common coal oil.
A stove that will do your work
satisfactorily.
A stove that will bake and roast
perfectly.
A stove that operates without the
slightest smoke or odor.
A stove that is as easy to operate
as a lamp,
A stoye that is absolutely safe.
A stove that has a flame that can
not crawl up and su oke.
With these few words we place the
stove at your disposal, and would
solicit a careful examination of its
merits.
SIS j. NJ. DAVIS g. Son.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07
General Manager Green in Charge

General Manager Green in Charge.
Major George DeShields, for ten
years general manager of the Baltl-
more and Ohio hotels, has resigned.
The present manager of the system,
Mr.. W. NJ. Green, has accepted the
resignation and assumed response
bihty for the management of Deer
Park this summer. Major De-
Shields will live at the Queen City
for the present. His host of friends
in this section regret his retirement
from position in which he has
made friends by the hundred and
enemies not at all.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07
FOFSale,

A cottage containing z rooms,
attic and cellar, Has a we'll of good
water upon the premises, and an
acre of land attached. Purchaser
can have the choice of more land up
to two acres. VIII sell cheap and
on good terms. Situated opposite
Mt. Lake Park on Oakland road.
Mt. Lake Park, Is a good market
for vegetables and poultry. Apply
to F. 2. Arnold, Mt. Lake Park
Garrett county, Nd. 5O-13t.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07
A Cure for Muscular Rheumatism.

A Cure for Muscular rheumatism.
Mrs. r. l.. Lamson, of Fairmont,
Illinois says: "My sister used
Chamberlain's Pain Balm for mus
cular rheumatism it effected COM
plete cure, | keep it in the house
at all time and have always found it
beneficial for aches and pains. 1t
is the quickest cure for rheumatism
muscular pans and lameness | have
ever seen." For sale by Oakland
Pharmacy and DR.. j, W.Laughlin,
Deer Park.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07
Lecture.

A lecture under the auspices of
the Westminster League, will be
delivered by Prof. A. W. Hawk,
humorlst, in Offutt's Hall on Mon
day, the IL inst, commencing at s
o'clock p. m. Tickets, 25 cents;
children, 10 years and under, 10
cents. Your moneys worth as
sured.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07
NEWS OF a WEEK.
Happenings in and About Town told
in Short Paragraphs.

DR.. Boggess, of Terra Alta was
registered at the Glades Sunday.
j. S. Broadwater, of Grantsville,
is among friends here.-Cumb.
News.
Mr.. S. P. Wright, of Washington,
was in the city Yesterday for short
time.
Mr.. E. j. Fringer's store build
ing on Second street is ready for the
roofing.
Oak refrigerator, cheap; good as
new. Apply to Rev. S. NJ. Engle.
8-3*
Mrs. Robert Felty returned this
morning from visit to friends IN
Kingwood.
w. McC. Brown, of Bayard, W.
Va, was IN this city few hours on
Saturday.
The Garrett County bank build
ing is receiving a coat of paint. A
great improvement.
For sale, cheap.-Second-hand
cook stove in good condition. APP
ply to F, A. Thayer. 1t*
Mr.. John Shartzer has erected a
substantial fence around his house
on Third street extended.
Mrs. S. G. Smith who spent sew
eral months visiting in Missouri
returned home Saturday.
j. j. Abbott, of Frostburg, made
Oakland his regular monthly visit
the latter part of last week.
Mr.. Jonas Hochstetler, of near
Accident, accompanied by his wife,
were in Oakland Yesterday.
Read the advertisement of Messrs.
NJ. MaroneY & Son which oppears
to-day elsewhere in these columns.
Dir. Henry W. McComas will soon
begin the erection Of his office ad-
iGairg THE REPUBLICAN building.
Mr. j. G.. Nine, of Gormanla,
was in the city yesterday on business
and made this office very pleasant
call.
Mrs. J. +. Harmed, of Oakland,
is visiting her brother, D. Fl. Bauer,
on Bedford street. t.-Cumberland
News.
Cartwright wants two or three
heavy driving horses. Apply at
once at his store at Mountain Lake
Park. 9-3t.
A stock company is being organ
lied at Accident to put up tele-
phone line from Friendsville to that
place.
Senator r. A. Ravenscroft and
Mr.. Eli Mcmillan, of Accident,
were here Tuesday and yesterday on
business.
Mr.. T. J. Peddicord returned yes
derday morning from a business
trip and visit to his family in Gov
ington, Ky.
Mr.. and Mrs. W. T. Jameson
will leave Tuesday for Mt. Lake
Park, to spend the mmer.-Pied
mont Herald.
The Board of County School
Commissioners met yesterday and
appointed school trustees for the
ensuing year.
Mr.. John W. Feather, Of Cranes
vile, W. Va, was in the city last
Thursday and made this office a
pleasant visit.
Mr.. Samuel E. Boyer, who has
the agency for the Wood farming
implements, is down in the county
selling the goods.
Mr.. W. R. McClanahan, of the
firm of McClanahan & Freeland,
we'll drillers, of Terra Alta, was in
town on Tuesday.
Capt. and Mrs. MARYLAND arrived
last week from Baltimore and will
spend The summer at their summer
home, Crooks Crest.
Amongst the numerous visitors
in Oakland yesterday were Col. N.
W. Fitzgerald and Mr.. VIM. 7.
White, of Terra Alta.
Mr.. S. S. Blttinger, of Bittinger,
one of our most valued patrons, was
in the city yesterday afternoon and
made this Office a business call.
Mr.. Geo. D. White, of Oakland,
was on last Monday appointed as
sistant fish commissioner, by Mr.. j.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07

DANA'S Sarsaprilla is not only
The best of all remedies for the
Nerves, Liver, Kidneys, Stomach,
and Blood; butGf no benefit, yOu can
get yo@r money back. The same
guarantee applies to DANA's Pills,
Cough Syrup and Plasters. For
sale by DR.. j. W. Laughlin, agent,
Deer Park. 4-13t.
Mr.. D. P. Davis, a prominent
liveryman and merchant of Goshen,
Va, has this to say on the subject
of rheumatism: 81 take pleasure
in recommending Chamberlain S
Pain Balm for rheumatism, as |
know from personal experience that
it will do all that is claimed for it.
A year ago this spring my brother
was laid up in bed with inAamma-
tory rheumatism and suffered in
tensely. The first application of
Chamberlain's Pain Balm eased
the pain and the use of one bottle
completely cured him. For sale by
Oakland Pharmacy and Dr.. J. W.
Laughlin, Deer Park,
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1896-05-07

Ripans Tabules cure iamdice.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1896-03-03

Stsarns' bicycles.

Stssrns' bicycles.
Tho best broom-Lee's Little Gem.
Leave orders for all kinds OF floral
work at Eckhart's.
William Blaschke's steam dye
house. 14t2 Fourth avenue.
D. h. Shahen. of Engington. vas
in the city Monday on business.
James McGinnie. Of Buffalo
Prairie. made The ARGUS . pleasant
call.
Mrs. Morris Rose field and daugh.
ter, Mrs Irene Rosenfield, have gone
to Chicago.
c. L. Peterson and Miss Eliza Doo-
nan were married At the brides home
in Reynolds last week. The groom
is one of Rural townships hustling
young farmers.
Edgington contemplates the erec-
ton OF q new Presbyterian church
and committee composed OF. Daniel
Montgomery, William Edgington
and Van Reeves has been appointed
by the congregation to ascertain the
cost of q good sized modern edifice,
for the building Of which about e5.-
COO has already been raised. The
committee was in Rock Island today
consulting the several architects.
Tommy Ryan. weller weight pugi-
list, well known in Rock Island,
where for short time few years
ago he made his home. was Knocked
out in the fifteenth round before the
Empire athletic club at Maspeth.
l.. l., last night, by Charles Mccoy.
While it was Kyan's debut in the
middle weight class, it was thought
he would make q better showing.
and this was in fact his first defeat.
Miss Alma Holt entertained num-
Der Of her little girl friends last
evening at the home of her grand
parents. Mr.. and Mrs. A. Blackhall.
in honor Of Miss Ethel Huckins, Of
Appleton, Wis, who is visiting here.
1t was a most delightful affair. the
following little people being present:
Misses Fay Warren. Florence O'Neil.
Bessie Barth. Grace Schreiner, Jen-
ME Collins. Goldie Pells, Sadie Tay-
Tor. Mildred Dodge. Nellie Folsom,
Elsie koehler, Bertha Marshall and
Annie Montgomery.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1896-03-03
COUNTY BUILDING.

29-Albort E. Lyford to b. c.
Wood, 81 feet lot 4, L. +. Vince.
locks add. Moline, $500.
Sarah E. Barnhart to j. +. and r.
P. Rosenfield. part lot 6. block Is,
Old Town Of Rock Island, $500.
Michael Kane to Robert Kane. und /,
9! swi and 49, e! swi 20, II, 2w,
$1,000.
William McRoberts to James
Quinn, S. swi IL, 10, 2e. $4,000.
William McRoberts to James II.
McRoberts, tract by metes and bounds
ne, 30. 10, PC, $315.
Sarah Garnett to William McRob-
erts, DR., nwi 81. 10. 2e. $40, 400.
Probate.
Feb. 29-Estate of Joseph Philkill.
Final receipt and release of sole heir
filed and approved and estate closed
and administrator discharged.
March Estate of John Verhetsel.
Proof of posting and publication
filed.
Estate of John j. Crosby. Supple
mental inventory filed and approved.
AOuAo v. ECAudA - ElmOIc n. Ot8uOEO
and Thomas b. Reidy appointed ap.
praisers.
Estate of Hiram Kell. Widows
REIMBURSEMENT and selection filed
and approved and order turning over
property selected to widow.
Estate of Mary c. Hoffman. Claims
allowed.
Estate of Christian Bigler. Proof
of posting and publication filed.
Estate OF James Parkhill. Claims
allowed.
Guardianship of David II. john
son. Guardians report fled and ap.
proved.
Estate of Peter Stoltenberg. Claim
OF E. b. Knox, $7450, allowed.
Proof of posting and publication filed.
Estate OF Elizabeth Parker. Proof
OF posting and publication filed. H.
ventory filed and approved.