The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1896-02-01
onets, was carried, and Macmillan was
placed on the throne. II

| was bound to temporiZe, but just as soon
! as our war was overg a. portion of our
army was showed to the Texas frontier,
| the French army was withdrawn and
Macmillan fell. -
| Such was a correct application of the
Monroe doctrine AIT has been under
stood and received by all American
Statesmen. -, ~
! The mere announcement of this doc
trine by. Monroe foiled the holy alliance
and stopped AL. action looking toward
European lnterposition in South America
and the result was the establishment Of
independence by the South American
states and their recognition by the whole
world
In the same message OF DtlEmber, 1928,
| was enlbodled the statement which had
been made, by Secretary Adams to the
Russian minister in respect to the terri
tory on the Northwest coast of America.
It read as follows:
The occasion has been judged as proper
for asserting as principle. in which the
|'rights and principles OF the United States
are involved, that the American conti-
! nents, by the free and Independent con-
dition which they have assumed and
maintained, are henceforth not to be con-
sidered as subjects for future colonization
| by any European power.
!. This declaration, as we have seen, was
| first made by John Quincy Adams to
Baron Tuyl The emperor of Russia
| had made claim to all the territory on
the northwest coast of America as far
south as latitude 81. Great Britain
claimed a portion of the same territory,
and in an indefinite way the United
States had considered our northern
| boundary line to extend to latitude 81
degrees 40 minutes. 1t will be remem-
| bered how in 1S45 we receled from this
extraVagant pretension and accepted
the parallel ~ degrees as our northern
! boundary, showing that we did .recog-
nize the right of other governments to
! acquire territory on this continent, and
even some that we supposed ourselves
entitled to.
| | Flow. then did Adams and Monroe un-
de1stand this broad statement in the
message, and how has it been understood
by our leading statesmen since its an
nouncement?
John Quincy Adams succeeded Monroe
! in the presidency and Henry Clay became
his secretary of state. In special mes
sage to congress on Dec. 26, 1925. Mr.
Adams announced that the Spanish
american republics had resolved upon Il
congress to meet upon the Isthmus Of
| Panama, in which they should all be rep
resented; that they had invited the Unit
ed States to send plenipotentiaries, and
| that the invitation had been accepted. In
the course of his message President Ad-
ANS quoted from MOnroe's doctrine of
| 1923, the policy that had been then de-
c;ared and explained it. In speaking of
the subject Of the Panama conference, he
said:
An agreement between the parties rep
resented at the meeting, that each will
guard, by its own means, against the es
Enlistment of any future European col
cny within it's borders may be found adj
visable. This was more than two years
since announced by my predecessor to
the world as a principle resulting from
the emancipation of both American con-
tinents.
Such was the doctrine" as construed
by the first statesman that declared it.
Each nation was to "guard by it's own
means against the establishment Of any
future European colony within it's bOr-
ders."
President Adams never dreamed that
the United States assumed a. guardian
ship over the other American states. We
proposed to guard against any colonial
tom Of ollr territory, and it was hoped
that the South American states would do
the same. President Adams advocacy of
the Panama congress rested on that
ground, and that it would result in the
adoption of such E. policy by all the
American states.
In the debate that followed as to the
expectancy Of sending representatives to
Panama the whole subject Of the relation
OF the United States to the South Aneri-
can states was discussed both in the
senate and the house. But not even the
strongest advocates of the mission hinhel
at the idea that the United States would
under any circumstances exercise guard
ianship over the Central and South Amer
lean republics, Or in any way protect
them.
Although in the outcome representa-:
tives to Panama were appointed by our
government, the conference itself proved
to be failure.s But what the whole his
torical passage is notable for IS the ex-
position of the Monroe doctrine" by
John Quincy Adams, it's undoubted au-
thor to the effect that European exclusion
from the western hemisphere was to be
! the work, not Of the United States solely,
as champion Of the two Americas, but
of each American republic primarily, as
policy might dictate.
! 1t has already been intimated that
when the question arose between this
country and Great Britain as to the very
| territory concerning which the original
utteramce had been, that the United
States receded from It's contention, and,
instead of insisting on ga 40 or fight"
which had been campaign cry in the
presidential election of 1874 accepted the
! parallel OF 40 for the Oregon boundary,
| thus giving up the whole Of what is now
British Columbia.
In 1S48 revolution occurred in Yucca
| tan. and the white government Of that
| country offered to cede its dominion to
Great Britain, Spain OF the United States.
President made this offer the subject of
a message to congress, in which ne urged
that such measure should be passed as
would prevent it from becoming colony
of any European power, which he said
would be in contravention OF the Monroe
doctrine. But John c. Calhoun, who had
been a member of Monroes cabinet at the
time the doctrine was announced, and
had taken part ia the cabinet discus
sions of the subject, rose in his place in
the senate and opposed any action on the
part of the United States. In the course
Of his argument he proved that the Yucca
tan case did not come within the terms
tno*