davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15
Probate and Insolvency Court.

At The probate and Insolvency court.
Monday, the following business was
transacted:
Wills were probated: OF John Went
worth of Winslow, Amasa X. Mason of
Winslow, appointed executor; of Laura
+. Luce of Readfield, Lewis C. Luce of
Readfield, appointed executor; of George
w. Martin of Augusta, Perss NJ. Mar
tin and Robert j. Martin of Augusta,
appointed executors; of Margaret a.
Crane of Augusta. w. W. Washb,lru
of China, appointed executor: of Will
liam H. Mccartney of Ookland. Ellen
NJ. Mccartney of Oakland, appointed
executrx.
The following administrators were APP
pointed: Horace DUMAS of Augusta,
on the estate of Jules DUMAS; Jefferson
T. Merrill of Augusta, on the estate of
EIvira A. Merrill of Augusta.
G. H. =. Jewett of Randolph, was APP
pointed guardian of David Pottle of
Pittston. spendthrift.
In the court of insolvency the case of
f. W. Rowe of Augusta, was dismissed,
discharge being denied. Discharges
were issued to Edward E. Libby of Wa
terville, and Samuel w. Messer of Au-
gusta. Thomas Leigh, Jr., of Augusta,
was appointed assignee on the estate
of c. L. Higgins of Augusta. f. NJ.
Thompson of Augusta, on the estate of
Lorenzo w. Morang of Augusta: Frank
E. Brown of Waterville, on the estate
of j. Harry Mckinney of Clinton; Har-
vey D. Eaton of Waterville. on the
estate of George H. Worthing of Wa
terville.
The following attorneys were present
from out of town.
Hon O. b. Clason. Gardiner; Hon. +.
f. Beane, Hallowell Hon. S. S. Brown,
Harvey D. Eaton, Hon. c. r. johnson,
w. C. Hussey of Waterville; Judge
George E. johnson of Belfast: Barrett
Potter of Brunswick: Hon. Seth NJ.
Carter of Lewiston; and Judge Emery
O. Beane of Readfieid
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15
Lincoln.

Real estate transfers in Lincoln county
for one week
ALNA-Perley f. Hilton to Walter W.
Hilton land 81
BRiSToI-Patrick Turkey ct al. to
Chas. If. VIM. land, 81; same 10 same,
land. 81.
DAMARISCOTTA-H Z. Hutchings
to Almeda Chaplin land. 81. Bessie H.
Chapman to Jane NJ Hiscock. land. $3.50
DRESDEN-Morse Ice Co. 70 Consoli-
dated Ice Co. land. 81.
Observation-Disclosures S. Weeks ct
ais. to Jas. II. Morse. land. $40: Jas. H.
Morse to Herbert A. Clark land and
buildings. $}25.
NEWCASTLE-Lavin Murray to F.
II. Woodbridge. land, 81.
SOUTIIPORT-Ern G. Nelson's es-
tate to Austin F. GreenIeaf. land So :
Althea G. Nelson ct al to Austin r.
Greenleaf. land. $75; Austin 2. Greenleaf
10 Jas. A. Young. land. 81, etc. Thomas
W. Nelson to Jas. A. Young. land Sll2
Flora e. Burrows TO Jas. A. Young. land
500.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15

vantage. Mr.. Fletcher says, lies in the
completeness of record. From various
causes the matter sent is often mislaid
or lost. The loser complains to the de-
partment that none We're sent. This
record shows it at a clance-the how.
when and where of it-and it will be cas-
Ter to place it.
a telephone booth. sound-tight has
been placed in the main rotunda. for use
at the coming session of the LEGISLATURE
The following new corporation filed its
papers at the secretary of States office,
Monday:
The Boston Burial Case Co, organized
at kittery, for the purpose of manufact-
uring, buying and selling all kinds of I'M
dertakers' supplies, with $50 600 capital
stock, Of which $500 is paid in The Off
GERS are: President. Fred e. Eollins of
Boston; treasurer, George Heinz of Som
prVilln
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15
9aily Esnnehet Junrnat.
FISH AND GAME MATTERS.
Commissioners Preparing Report :
Mr.. Carleton After Game Shippers.
Convenient Challenging System in Insurance
Department-Oth State House News.

The fish and game commissioners will
hold their regular monthly meeting to-
day. at the State House, to wind up the
affairs of the year, look over the ac-
counts and make final preparations for
their report. The commissioners were
together, Monday, at Commissioner
Cartoons office in Nickery block at
work, as there is much to be done, and
little time to do ii in.
Mr.. Carleton is red hot after game
shippers. and tells with considerable sat
isfaction of a dealer in Bangor who has
paid fine of $l35 for Illegal ship
ment Of deer meat. There are others
Mr.. Carleton says whose turn will come
later He has an abundance of evidence
ana viii push them TO the wall--through
the wall, in fine, if necessary.
There is an ingenious system of cata-
loguing the lists in the insurance depart
meilt, by which the clerk, G. w. Fletcher
is enabled to simplify the work of send
ing out the various reports, statements
and other matter relating to the depart
ment.
The list of persons to whom the matter
IS sent Is a long one. This is to be
handled by Il card system in the future,
winch will be much more convenient than
the book system formerly used. The
cards of the several persons to whom the
various papers are sent about so often
some to one man, some to another
brings in great amount of detail.
For instance, there are some who want
IRE insurance matter and do not care
1Or lie Insurance. and
are also managers who want certain pa
pers. In all there are five kinds. gener-
ally: Annual reports: parliamentary re-
ports; text and tables of FIRE: text and
tables of life: directories and copies of
the laws.
Now the cards, with Mares of the sew
eral persons to whom matter is sent. are
alphabetically arranged in drawers. on
The same plan as library catalogues On
each card is printed the names of the
different kinds of matter to be sent out,
with table of dates, with square spaces
10 check the article sent the day it was
sent and by what means-whether by
mail or express. This keeps 4 record and
the cards are good for 10 years.
But the most economical part of the
arrangement Is in a protruding piece of
the card. on top which denotes the class
hcatlon of persons. These are arranged
consistently, so to speak. The bunch-like
protrusion with classification marked
thereon--fire life, etc.-enables one to
PICK out the various ones with ease. with
out looking through ALL The indicators
mus decribed are, of course on the up
Per edge of the cards, but vary in their
location hut wit a1o 1xr,,x- in
me same line, as one looks over the lot
4 ms method is u good one for its pur-
pose, ana can be used to advantage in
MOSTLY every kind of catalogung, where
eiassiiications are made One great adj
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.


The following real estate transfers have
been recorded at the office of the register
of deeds:
AUGusTA-George A. Brown 10 Walter
sideration: Malry Kearney to Fred NJ.
Scribner land and bindings $1,000; Ben
lainin H. Weston TO Charles \. Thomas.
land, $l25: Mary J. Black TO George W.
Nickery, land and buildings. ST. Nathan
NJ. Grover to Lester G. league. land
$S25o.
James G. searles to
Stephen NJ. Bicllford. land, $500,
CLINToN-Moses Nelson and Clara J.
and Forest ]. Martin. to Charles G. and
Nellie +; Whitten land, 81.
CHELSEA-Delia J. Cooper to San
ford X. Allen. land. $3.50.
M0NMOUTHnAmQs Casweil to F..
William H. and sabra A. Osborn to
ence Z. Maxwell land. $40
MOUNT NIRNON-George J.. Cole to
Minnie l.. Kent. land. 81 and other CON
PITTSTON-Geor II. Blackburn to
George r. Wingate, land and buildings.
T'T RANDoLpH-En w. Adams to Annie
s. Adams. land, 81 and other consdera-
ton.
Donnell land, ISL; Henry T.. Trefethen
u NtDb Ctiiiitii, ldii- go anu toilSliti
alton; Julana w. Maud NJ. and Grace
NJ. Wyman to Webb Donnell land.
$3.50.
VASSALBORO-Geor f. Pierce to
William r. Weber land. consideration:
John A. Moore to George w. Wentworth.
land. $3.50.
WATER VILLE-Ch H. Simpson
to Cyrille Ferland. land. $1,000.
WINSLOW-Odila Pooler to Jules
Gamache. land, 81.
WINTHRoP,-vergil c. Jackson to
George G. Jenkins, land, $3.50
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15
Perfectly Wonderful.

Norman c. Dodge of Newcastle, Me-,
said at Augusta. Nov. 25, that had he
known DR.. Fisk's treatment for piles
was so easy he should have been
treated long ago. He said further: Il
consider it perfectly wonderful" The
doctor is at Hotel North every Wednes-
day, from A. NJ to p. NJ.
He has several other cases under
treatment in the city.
dec3eod6t
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15

Other Bargains in this
Experimentation. numerous
to mention.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15

Paschal NJ. Brann has taken charge
Of the Augusta House coach, having
returned from Boston He will nccu-
py the position for the winter
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15

The following real estate transfers have
been recorded at the office of the register
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15
Died.
KENNEBEC.

North Vassalboro-Dec. Il, BENJAMIN
bourne. aged o. years.
Fienna-Dec. II. Charles Hall. aged
about 60 years.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Rochester, Pa.-Nov;, Is, Mrs Emeliue
;. Loveloy Bramwell Wife of paul
Hramweli, aged .6 years: formerly of
Wayne Me. -
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15
NOTICE..

Notice is hereby given that the City
OF HalloWell will make application to
the next Legislature for a charter.
granting it the right, power and priv
ilege of supplying light, heat and
power by electricity for the City Of
Hallowell and its citizens from its
water power in West Gardiner
BY order of City Council.
December 1st. 1886.
GEORGE A. Stafford.
Mayor.
dec13w
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15
SUPERIOR COURT.
November Term, Hon. O. G. Hall. Pre-
siding.

W. S. Choate, Clerk.
+. Il. Norton. Sheriff
f. y. Small. Stenographer.
Monday, Dec. ii.
State V. Myers. This case was sub
mitted to the jury a 1.45 p. NJ At $50
they reported that they had been I'M
able to agree, and there being no pros
pect of an agreement were DISCHARGED
from further consideration of the case
This concluded the criminal docket
and there being no civil case ready for
trial today the jury were excused until
morning.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15

There will be an election OF officers of
Cushnoc Council No 1S6. Q. u. F.. this
evening. All members are requested to
he present.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1896-12-15

Sanford ]. Baker of Oakland. was
in the city. Monday.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22

coinage by the government without
any charge They talk about the ''crime" of
1873. We have had more silver coined since
1873 than we had all the years before, They
talk about a crime of twenty years ago and
only discovered it in 1896 There are
SiOO, 900, 600 of silver dollars in the United
States treasury to-day. The people use silver
certificates. They don't want silver. There
was 70 crime in 1873 This country aban-
doued the free and unlimited coinage of
silver, not in 1873. but some time before,
because every other civilized nation in the
world had done it--nations that learned by
an experience of years. They learned
that a double standard was simply
absurd and contributed to waste and
want ana to-day the standard of money
in the civilized world is the gold standard.
You cannot have two standards unless they
are equal. standard is equal measure the
world over. The money standard is not the
only standard. There are the standards of
weights aud measures Sixteen ounces make
pound, three feet make yard and twelve
eggs make dozen. Now they want to make
our yard stick six feet instead of three feet
and trade Off with England yard for yard,
and they call that patriotic. They say
they can get along without Eng
land and boast of their patriotism.
Let me tell you that William Mckinley
was carrying musket in defense of his
country when Byran was cutting his teeth on
standard silver dollar. Don't we want to
sell our surplus products to England What
is all this talk about the immortal Blaines
policy of reciprocity? How does it lessen
our patriotism to sell England wheat we
don't want ourselves? In speaking of the
rise in wheat Congressman Stone said it was
due to the failure of crops in India, and
silver has gone down because of the failure
of Bryan to convince the people that he will
be elected The speaker closed with earnest
remarks in behalf of Congressman Bmmm
and Representative Wyatt The latter he
said can help elect Republican United
States Senator and Brumm will help make a
Congress that will back up Mckinley in re-
storing confidence and prosperity to the
country, and on the first of April, next, with
that backing Tom" Reed will present "A
tariff bill that will afford the country a
revenue sufficient to keep the country out Of
debt
Inquire of the first person you meet how
our shoes wear. That person will be our
customer all right Everybody is
FACTORY SHOE STORE.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22
ILLINOIS DAY AT CANTON


President GarGeld's Son Makes speech
on the Mckinley Lawn.
CANTON. O., oct. 22.-YeSterday was IL
linois day at the home Of the Republican
presidential candidate, but n number of
other visits of note were made. All day
long the streets were filled with marching
clubs and tho air with the music of bands,
and there was a big parade, which Major
Mckinley reviewed from the stand on the
front Of his lawn. Four addresses We're
made on behalf Of the visitors, who gave
Mr. Mckinley an ovation when he ap-
peared to address them, and they ap-
plauded every sentiment of his speech.
Before the Illinois delegations reached
the house there had been a visit from
those Of Poland township, Trumbull
county, O.. where Major Mckinley spent
many of his boyhood DAYS with Judge
Arrel, of Youngstown his old roommate
as spokesman. There had also been the
Garfield club of the old Nineteenth Ohio
congressional district including State
Senator james r. Garfield, son of the late
president, and Congressman :. A. North
way, who delivered the Introductory ad-
dress Senator Garfield was introduced
by Major Mckinley, when he had con-
cluded his address, and the senator spoke
briefly.
As the major was leaving the platform
another delegation coming from Green
Springs, O.. und vicinity appeared, gnd
an address was made to them. A speech
was delivered in the house to u delegation
of ,yorkingmen from Chicago, and soon
afterward splendidly uniformed club
from Cleveland with officers mounted,
appeared on the lawn. Major Mckinley
scarcely had time to get dinner ere there
was another delegation in his yard. This
last one was from Massillon. They We're
addressed by the major, and then joined
in the street parade
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22

SuENANDoAu can boast Of small cotcric Of
free silverites who imagine they are endowed
with all knowledge Of the financial question.
Even John sherman, who is recognized AS
one of the greatest hnancicrs of the present
age must take back seat when this little
band of patriots express their opinions upon
the great question that is now agitHting the
American people. Nevertheless, the HERALD
can produce "a gentleman from this town,
although he does not boast Of hi, great
knowledge, who will meet upon the plat
form either of the gentlemen referred to or
amy one advocating the adoption Of free and
unlimited coinage Of silver. VIII they
accept
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22

MADRID, Oct. 22.-The queen regent pre-
sided at n council of ministers yesterday.
Senior Canovus, the premier, gave com
plcte sketch, which was gloomy enough,
of home and colonial affairs, The loss of
men in the colonial wars has proved dis
astrous to husbandry. Spain will be COM
PEELED to largely import breadstuifs Only
patriotism prevents the latent discomfort
from breaking out. A sort Of instructive
presentiment impels the nation to show
cohesion and Il naughty determination,
with a view to averting international COM
plications and the possible Intervention OF
the United States.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22
LAST NIGHT, s Rally.

The demonstration last uight is "a sure iu-
lication that the Republicans of Shenandoah
are Gllly aIfyc to the necessities of the
nres,ut contest and tbat they will attest
their LOYALTY To F,publi,an principles. The
marty of Lincoln and Grant and Garfield has
never yayrrrd I'm times of the nations peril
and the present contest. when the nation ',
credit il. attacked If will bee found true 10 H.,
record of the ra.t CONGRESSMAN Stone f.,
rigbt ,ybor ,e stated that uo contest since
tbe d,vs or fine war WA. SID fnportapt as the
one in which we are now engaged. and
whenever an appcaI #. made TO the patriotisrn
.or fine American pcoplc they are never
f,und wanting
LAST nio,rs rally yyYs fine first Of tbc
.,,ro.o,,t c,,proigp and "a ,r,r. attentive or
intoIlioeut audience rpuld not have been
desired even NV CONGRESSMAN stone who ba,
, ,,tiopoI r.putatinp He ina. tbo bappv
faculty. or l,,oriro his oudirnr, in GOOD
oba.r while h, ,,.rosrs tbr G,IIucies of thr
rIj,,oo rIotf,r,p Inv urouurut. thar cannot
I,e ,,utr,y,rt,d After listening to hi,
.r.,,.h I,.t ri,L, ~, ron,or .,, how, .,,,,
pcnpIli.,r ,r pcrr,crat WIN rro.r1. tbc
..yyeIf,rc ,f his r,uptfv and if, pro,prritv
.sI,o,. lr,t ,r r,rty cam c,n.ri,ntiou.lv
.un,,.,rt. tb, Cbi,.,oo ,I,tr,,In
C,,,,,ro.y,,a,, -t,,,,,y ,.,,,,tc,,tin tI,,t tI,.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22

SINCE the passage of the Wilson tariff bill,
it has at no time provided enough revenue
for the needs of the government notwitL-
standing the statement of Mr. shepherds
substitute to the contrary. Since its passage
work at home has been diminished, prices Of
agricultural products have fallen, confidence
has been arrested, and general business de
momlizaton. The total receipts under the
tariff act of 1894 for the first % months of
its enforcement from September, 1894, to June
1896 were S557, 6l5, 32s and the expenditures
S6lO, AS, 1858, or a deficiency of $50, SOB, O35.
The decrease in our exports of American pro-
duets and manufactures during the first Is
months of the present tariff as contrasted
with the exports Of the first 10 months of
of the tariff of 1890 was $500, 3j332O. The
excess of exports over imports during the
first 10 months of the tariff of 1890 was S2l3,-
81, ,91s but only s5G,75s, Gs3 under the first
10 months of the tariff of 1891, loss under
the latter of Sl572li,3l5. The net loss i'm
the trade balance of the United States has
been Sln6, 9-3, ,Go7 during the first 10 months
operation of the tariff of 1894 as compared
with the first Is months of the tariff of 1880.
The loss has been large. constant and steady
at the rate of sl3,1.O 900 per month, or
s5O0,OD0 for every business day of the year.
In view of these figures it would be well for
Mr.. Shepherd to secure another substitute
both himself aud Mr. Soadcn are dccclyug
tine voters OF this county
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22
Watson Cannot Withdraw His Name.

TOPEKA, Kan, Oct. 22.-By a decision
rendered here by the judges of the supreme
court Thomas E. Watson is not permitted
to withdraw his name from the regular
Populist state ticket The matter came up
in the supreme court on writ of man
damus against Secretary of State Ed
wards, who had, in compliance with the
formal demand filed by Mr.. Watson, an
nounced his intention of emitting Mr.
Watson's name from the head of the regu-
lar Populist ticket, The proceedings were
begun by Chairman Breidenthal, of the
Populist state central committee. Justice
johnson dissented IRON the Judgment of
the court 1t is conceded this decision
means an addition of several thousand
votes to Mr.. Bryan's vote in Kansas.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22

AMONG aIl thccaudidatcs named forcounty
offices none have met with more encourage
ment during their canvass than Emanuel
.Jenkyu, tho Republican candidate for
Recorder. His friends are urging his clcc-
tion strictly ou business principles, lie has
been tried 20, 20 public official and found
ororthy aud competent Asa member of the
Board Of Auditors he guarded diligently the
interests Of the Taxpayers, aud will do the
same thing when hc assumes the duties of
the Office of Recorder ON January lst next
Nh. Jeul,yu ha, been prominent in labor
circles, and last week the United Mine
Workers commended him TO the voters Of
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22
whites ChnIIengea by Nerroes.

GREENWOOD, Miss, Oct 22.-On Tues
day white man named j. II. Rook was
shot and killed by a negro on the place of
Rook near Sunnyslde. The same night
posse took the negro and hanged him.
Yesterday "A white man in Greenwood re-
ceiyed "a telegram from another white
man near Sunnyside stating that he had
received letter from IA negro living near
thore containing information that the ne
groes had challenged the whites to a fight
A number Of white men left at once for
that part of the county
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22

LONDON, Oct, 22.-The Paris correspond
ent Of The Daily News reports that he
hears TINT tho czar's visit to Queen Vic
tOria at Balmoral resulted in Russia, Eng
land and France agreeing upon the basis
of a policy in Japan and China, while the
Leventine, Mediterranean and African
questions are being arranged "The czar
wants the result obtained without blood
shed, says the correspondent, 'and is
supported by Italy and Austria The sui
tan is likely to die hard, but he will be
Obliged TO yield"
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22
Prince Hikon Homcward Hound.

New YORK, Oct. 23.-Major Pangborn,
the well known traffic authority, who is n
warm friend of Prince Hilkotf, the Rus
sian railway manager, sailed yesterday
with the prince for England ITO the
best of my knowledge" said Major Pang-
born, ''the prince has not ordered any
American locomotives, Pullman, Wagner
or other cars or coaches. But he has made
large purchase of American watches, to
bo carried by Russian railroaders'
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22
Wanted to Lynch a Brutal Son.

vaney, IS years Of age, an old resident of
this city, was brutally assaulted by his
drunken son, John Devaney here Tues
day night. The old man was felled to the
floor with Il chair and when picked up was
found to be seriously injured. He may die.
A crowd of over 100 citizens surrounded
the house and lynching was threatened.
The fellow, however, managed to escape
in the darkness.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22

THE voters of the First Legislative distrc
should not lose sight of the fact that the
as1t Legislature elects % United States
senator lii necessary, therefore, for tie
& publican party to be united in the present
contest and see TO iU that Hon. Joseph Wyatt
d, returned from this district. During his
second term he will be iu "a better position ia
demand legislation, and his past record is
sufficient recommendation for him TO 90 to
the people upon.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22

New YORK, Oct. 22.-The bulls lost their
grip on wheat yesterday, and there was a
decline in prices that wound up with anet
loss for the day of 31s@3Hc. Throughout
the entire session the market was fairly
buried under landslide of long wheat.
1t poured in from all sides, but chiefly
from foreign houses December wheat,
which opened all the way from S7Ac. to
S415c., closed at S21So. Before the opening
it touched S6Ac,
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-10-22
AND FREE TRADE.

Twenty-scypu Years Of Protection
(1SG5 to 1SG3l decreased our public
debt 81, 5Is,3ui,S1S,
Three Years of Free Trade 1S03 to
1880 increased our public debt S2Gg,-
800, $3.50.
These are the plaincSt reasons why
Mckinley should bc elected president,
the sooner the better.