davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

feet know perfectly well that coinage
has nothing 10 do with the value Of
gold They know that me only part coin
age plays 90 tho functions that gold per-
forms is to set the Governments cer;li-
cate upon piece OF metal TO the effect
that st has had the metal assayed ana
has found 60 10 Doe Of certain hncness'
and. further that there are a certain
number Of grains OF the metal Of that
arcn,ss m that piece. Men value the
Governments ccruncate-wha we cali
the colnagc-hccausc it carries lndisputa-
RE proof 10 them that a given piece Of
the metal has that number Of grains OF
mat Gnencss. but for no other reason
Whatever.
And what does Ny. Boies mean by say
inc that The coinage Of gold provides an
unlimited demand for II az given price.
Price i'm what? when you coin Is
grains Of gold you are given a gold dol
jar IN place OF the raw gold. .5ut you
have NO more and 10 less gold than you
had az FIRST. How can you be said TO
nave sold some gold for a dollar? You
have simply converted 1922 grains Of gold
from "a squire or irregular into circle but
a. is &.22 grains Of gold just the same as II
was before. 10 is pureN nonsense there
fore. 60 speak Of the coinage Of -s.22 grains
INFO 20 dlsc that we call a dollar as d
sale Of chat much gold for dollar
The same rne Of argument applies to
what DE says Of silver coinage. He says
coinage laws would Tx the price Of sill
yer. But price m what? No coinage
Jaws could make man willing 10 eA-
change gold coin containing 23.2 grains
Of gold for silver coin containing 81 Ia
grains of silver 0he amount I'm silver
donar whtn the metal in the one
coin viii exchange in the market ter
more than the metal in the other. Tho
price. thcn which the coinage law would
hx upon silver would De a price 10 be paid
I'm silver. That is. 70 would be proyi-
sion for converting 81 IA grains Of silver
into q shape 90 which the name OF dol
lar would Doe given. but an that woulo
De done i'm reality would be the changing
OF "a "a grains of silver from one form
TO another form. No silver would be add
al TO the 81 IA grains, and no value
would De added to them. There would
stm Doe SILT grains OF silver neither
more nor less. and Of exactly the same
value I'm the new form as in the old.
When .hat transaction is spoken OF
as "a sale or silver. words are arbitrarily
perverted from their natural meaning TO
fit % case that they had no sort OF APP
pncaton 60.
There is world Of additional nom
sense I'm Mr.. Boics Interview. but we
have not the space FOR pointing II out
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30
SOLOMON sIARiBLE.
lie VIII Hang Friday Ne~t-iiis hemarh-
able Conduct in JAN.

able Conduct Ina jail.
FARMVlLLE. Va. June z9.-spcmiaL-
So lar the courts have done nothing 10
prevent the execution Of the noted Solo
mon Marablo, who VIII pc Aung here
on Friday next. Hy some II Is thought
that the prisoner Will be granted Ic-
spite, but certainly there can be no re4-
sonable grounl for such expectations.
The trap will bc placed ia the hallway
OF the jail. winch viii give "a fan OF abOu.
seven feet. Very few people can WIT
ness the execution, owing 20 the size Oh
the hall Sheriff Dickinson has had a
number of applications TO witness it, but
ne viii follow the sta@ute strictly.
The body will likely be buried I'm the
paupers cemetery, as no ono has 30 ian
made any request for H.
Solomon sticks to the white mans the
DRY. and says ne win tell this on the
scaffoid with some people his state
ment made on the scanOd viii have
who will believe nothing that he mas
say there or elsewhere. I'm many respects
ne has been a strange creature. At one
time ne seems 30 be absolutely careless
and Indifferent as 10 his future. while
at another he seems 10 be thoroughly
crushed.
lie has lied time and again about the
murder and no one can gather anything
from him except that he is a hardened
wretch. totally disregarding the laws OF
god and man. Sometimes he Is firm be-
lever i'm the Catholic religion, then again
ne ridicuies and rcnOunccs 10 an. No
living person can predict what his state
meuts Will be.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30
THE REUNION EDITIONS Or THE
TINES CAN BIZ BOUGHT AT THIS
OFFICE. PUT UP IN WRAPPERS
READY FOR MAILING.
A Sunday outing.

The popular Chesapeake and Ohio route
Sunday excursions TO Old Point. Buck
Roe. Newport News, and norfolk aDSrd
"A most delightful days outing. Round
trip fare 81.
Special fast train leaves Broad-Street
Station next Sunday at $50 A. NJ, ar
irving at Old Point 1890 A. NJ. Electric
line TO Buck Roe. Returning. leave Old
Point Z T. NJ, Newport News 1.l5. ar
irving az Richmond @ Z. NJ.
Excursionists setyod with dinner at
Old Polnt-Chamberlin's 81; UyGoia, Ec.i
Sherwood. Doc.
Tickets on sale az Ramos music. house.
Broad street Morris mineral water de-
pot. Broad street: Aliens. Ninth and
Main; O. II. Berry d Co.'S Tenth and
Main. and az Broad-Street station.
HORACE L. SMITH, Manager
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

Reunion rs-confrderase Veterans.

The Old Donir ION Steamship Company
have placed on sale some special.rate
tickets between Richmond and New York.
There tickets will be on sale % company's
office. i2iz east Mein street. and are By
following routes From Richmond VIA {.
and .. railway or Norfolk AMI Western
railroad 30 Norfolk. Va, thence by old
Dominion Line 10 New York. returning
same routes. price $ll.J0. which includes
meals and Stntc-rocm accommodation on
Old Domir ion Line. Limit on these tick
cts Is ten Gays
An al-water.route ticket. via James
river. for stei mer having Richmond July
eth. f. also on sale. price $40 FOR tho round
trip. This also incirdes meals and state
room berth. both going ana returning.
Tickets on sale via G. and O. and y. and
w routes June Both 10 July 9Th. inclusive.
and by all-vatcr route, James river, July
9Th. For Statc-fCom reservations aud
further information apply 20 John f..
MAYER. companys agent, III east Main
street, Richmond.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

,rho ambulance. Dr. Labenbers III
cnarre was kept very busy sunday.
There were five calls "a all
,,ne first was TO attend white woman
mol Floreuce Gates. who was taken
Sick on Seventeenth street She was
ta;en TO the almsA5ls', ano IS fes'ss
The next call was to the Second police
etofion 10 attend Ca-roc Carter lcoi-
o,rdl VINO was sanerins iiom cramps
~ o.cIocl I'm -6s evening Dir. Laben-
tor', was sent TO the Exposition Grounds
80 attend aman named Peter stuart
Tho man had been suffering with con
..,,seion 81 &c brain lie was taken 10
ME- aimshonss and died at o'clock last
night. o.,. ,,,.,.
., ,eoro who was suffering from ut
The last call was TO the Clyde Line
wharf TO attend q negro who had been
hurt al the wharf
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30
THE HIGH PRIEST on SILVER DIS
COURSES UPON II.

We print elsewhere this morning an
extract from an i,tcrIew with Horace
Boies. or Iowa. I'm Sundays World. The
fact that Mr.. Boles fayors free coinage
of silver may lead some people who are
not capable OF investigating the sub
ject FOR themselves TO adopt the same
idea. But Mr. Boies has given the roa-
sons that control him in this matter in
the extract quoted. and If those reasons
will not bear critical examination his
followers who have no reason for ad-
herring TO the froe-silvcr flea except tie
fact that their leader approves Of il
should ind il an easy thing 10 drop il.
Mr.. Boies says: Coinage laws fix she
commercial value OF gold boy providing
an unlimited demand for It al q given
price. Like laws would SIS the price oil
silver. provided only that the demand
should remain unlimited for all that woula
reach our mints."
This is giHgllng sort OF statement
that has a taking Kind OF "a sound bu.
when II Is critically examined 10 turns
out 10 be either unintolnglhlc or else pure
nonsense. Can Mr. Boes really that the
laws authorins gold 70 be coined give u
Its commercial value? our gold dollar
contains 23.22 grains or gold Does ne
oeleve that a nugget OF pure gold CON
tanning one hundred times 22 grains
would hoe without commercial value Ia
there were no laws authorizing iis coin
age? That is implied m DIS statement
ana IT. therefore. fully iustiles what W,
have said that his statement ls either
unintciligible or else, II we are TO under
stand il literally. IL rs pure nonsense.
Mr.. Boies would no doubt say he dia
not intend to be understood literally. lie
would no doubt. ray he conceded that
gold would have some commercial value
II there were no coinage laws, bat that
a great deal or It's present value arises
from the fact that II may be coined.
People who know anything Of the sub
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30
MUNYON'S
Improved homeopathic
REMEDIES CURE
ChTARRR AND ALL THROAT
AND LUNG DISEASES.
Cafanh Leads to Indigestion, Insomnia, Eer-
vous Disorders, Consumption and Many
Other DISEASES -Gahyan Posi-
lively Cures by His
Kew Method

Are you n sufferer with catattn Lave
YOU taken an sorts Of drugs and patent
postruns2 are YOU tired Of paying big
doctor bills without being cured2 Are
YOU willing 10 spend 30 cents for a cure
chat permanontly cures catarrh by re-
moving the cause Of the diseasc2 IT so,
ask your druggist for a 2J-cent bottle or
Munyon's Catarrh cure and -J-ceat "'t
tie OF Catarrh Tablets The Catarrr
cure viii eradicate the disease from the
system and the Tablets viii cleanse ana
heal the afflicted parts and restore them
to d natural and healthfm condition.
Personal letters 90 Professor Munyon'
1896 Arch street. Philadelphia, Pa. an
swered with free medical advice for any
disease
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30
yTSNfE DAyIs RLcBPTION.
All Of the Arrangements forthe sons In
tertainment Complrte

All OF the Hflli-ElllrIA1 i1A ttAN ANN' fNs''
rendered by Il. l.. Lee Camp. No. 1, ;.
&. v. assisted By Richmond Chapter OF
Daughters ~ tho Coufedeulcy. 10 Miss
Davis. the sponsors. ana visiting Sons
and Daughters OF the Confederacy. have
been completed. and 10 promises 10 be
a very brilliant affair. The reception
will be heldat the Masonic Temple on the
night OF July %, beginning "a O'Clock.
Admission 10 Sons Will be By ticket which
ue given TO all visiting Sons 10 organized
bodies. on application TO tho 5. c. V.
headquarters 81 east Broad street. Adj
mission 60 visiting Daughters will he by
their chapter badges or by badges of the
Grand Division, Daughters Of the Con-
lcderacy.
Misses Nina Randolph and Julia Lee
decorated the hall and We're assisted by
"a detail OF the Sons. The thanks of the
Sons are hereby rendered TO them for the
beautiful taste displayed in the deoora-
tion.
The following ladies' will dispense rec
frcsaments at the reception. Mesdamcs
l.. M. Hart. Maria Robinson. David a.
Brown. W. il. Tyler, Robert Christian.
Receiving with Miss Davis viii Doe the
SPONSORS. maids OF honor, Mrs. James
Mercer Garrett. president Grand Division
OF Virginia, Daughters of the Conft1-
cr3cy. Mrs. Joseph Bryan. Mrs. l.. ID.
Hotchkiss. committee from Daughters Of
the C0nfedefacy. consisting of Mrs. AUS
TIN Br0ckenbrOugh Mrs. Frank Cump,
Miss Margaret VIM. Miss Ellen Clark.
Miss Nellie bOylin Miss Annie Gray.
Miss Carrie Coleman. Miss Kate Ice,
Miss Bessie FitzhuGh. Miss Nina Ram
doiph, Miss Mary Quarles Miss PEBBLES,
Miss May Baughman. MIS- j. T.. b.
Stuart. Jr, Mrs. Peyton Wise. Mrs.
Thomas Branch, Miss Annie Mcclure,
1liss Pauline Mosby.
Committee OF Sons Of Veterns-M essrs.
T.. w. Mahood Edwin =. Cox, l.. Leslie
Spence, Jr. Greer Baughman, W. r..
Wickham. Newton Lockwood Edwin
Courtney. Robert Lecky. Jr., Mlnetree
Foikes. Gervas Slows, Jp., Lewis w.
Brander !. 4. q. Stuart.
Evening dress is requested as far ms
possible. Tho StOnewall Brigade Band.
of stanton. Va. has been engaged for the
reception. and Southern airs and Southern
beauty will reign supreme.
The programme Is as follows:
p. ". Music.
$3.50 =. VI. Miss Winnie Davis. Sponsors.
and maids Of honor, assisted by RecoD-
lion Committee OF Daughters OF the Con-
federacy and Reception Committee of
sons Of veterans. VIII receive visiting
Daughters of the Confederacy and visiting
Sons OF Veterans.
1880 Il. VI. The ladies receiving Will
Doe escorted 10 the stage by Committee
OF Sons Of Veterans.
Address of welcome. on behalf OF T.
j.. Lee Camp No. /, Sons Of Confederate
Veterans, Minetreo Folkes, Richmond.
Va.
Response. r. IT. W. Duke. Jr., Char
lottesyile. Va.
Presentation OF badge OF Grand Division
OF Virginia OF Daughters OF the Cmfod-
oracy 10 Miss Winnie Davis. W. r.. Wick
lam. Powhatan county.
Response, Robert A. smyth. Charles
ton. $. c..
Muse Aud Lang syne,' sung by au-
Refreshments.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

NEW rOKr NEWS. VA. June 29.-Spe-
cial. Last night Magruder Camp appro-
priatcd So 10 the Committee on Enter
tainmcnt OF the reunion.
Cards are out for the marriage or MIR.
Randolph Lincoln LOyell. a draughtsman
employed In the shlp-yard here. 20 Miss
Mabel Leila Bracket. az the residence
OF the brides parents IN Lynn. Mass.
july I'd.
Tne Council az IT'S last meeting ais
cussed the question OF issuing $1,000 in
bonds FOR the construction or sewers.
bridges. ana a new>Jaii. but without tax
ing action LEI the matter lay over until
the next meeting.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

A large number OF newspaper editors.
who have been attending tho convention
I'm Memphis. passed through Richmond
Yesterday. The party left for washing
ton. but viii return again to-morfo" 90
lc present al the reunion proper Among
Thorn were Louis q. Fritz. editor OF the
Germ,n Gazette Mcmphis. Patrick Boyle,
editor Commercial Advocate, Memphis, l..
T.. Anderson. Gansnuly Tenn.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

DON'T READ THIS UNI Ess you. are
troubled with FLIES, REACHES, and
other insects. THEN USE POLK MIL
IERS ITALIAN INSECT POWDER
which will effectually destroy them. BIZ
SURE AND SEE that YOU get the right
Dovder in bottles with a red labeD.
Ours Is NEVER SOLD in bulk. All
LEADING drug and grocery stores keep
IT. lo. IS. and "a cents per bottle
POLK MILLER DRUG co.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30
DOCTOR YOURSELF.
A Separate Cure for Each Disease.
At All Druggists. Csc. a Bottle.

Richmond, fredericksburg aud Potomac
Railroad Com pauy-Importan Notice.
on account OF the crowded condition
Of the streets anticipated on the day OF
tho reunion parade. July 2d next train
No -. due az Byrd-Stroet station at
2.45 b. A.. will not run south OF broad
street but viii discharge mail. pas
sengors. and baggage at Harrison street,
opposite the freight depot.
Train No. 4. scheduled 10 leave Byrd
street Station at =. ~, viii leave from
Broad aud Harrison streets at ABB J.. NJ.
G.. \ TAYLOR,
Traffic Manager
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

the summer months. These meetings are
always attended by large crowds and
great good Is accomplished by their work.
The topics dealt with are botn timely
and practical ana are discussed by men
distinguished BY their iabors in their
sacred callihs
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

Reduced Rates to West Point.and Return.
Tho Southern railway recognizing the
fact that a great many Richmond people
would Ike to spend their Sundays at
West Point, have arranged 70 put In a
rate OF Sl.00 for the round trip. tickets 10
be sold Saturdays and Sundays. good TO
return Mondays.
The Terminal Hotel" at this point has
lust been opened under an experienced
nanacement' and everything has been
done for the comfort OF guests who may
20 TO that point.
For rates. tickets. and other inforna-
tion. call nc Richmond Transfer Company.
gO9 cast Main street J. o. Verser ticket
agent Southern Railway Station. or go
east Main street.
=. c. HORTON.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

Rev. II. M. Wharton. ID. d.. Of Balti-
more. has Just issued the programme OF
the summer assemblies 10 be conducted
by him al Glyndon. Nd. Purcelvllle
Wharton Grove and Luray. Va. dpsing
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30
1900 camps OF Confederate veterans that
would be represented al the reunion
ANOTHER -OCK ADDED

On motion OF BisnOp Capers the Chair
was finally requested 10 report the reso-
lutiol To the reunion. in order that II
might be referred to the proper commit
tee
Upon motion Of Senator Stubs, a reso-
luton was adopted. by which the commit
tee recommends that Mrs. Wiinamson's
Life Of General Robert +. Lee Tor chill
dfen." published by the Baughman sta
tionery Company, be placed upon the list
o. school books.
The Chair appointed Messrs. capers'
Stubs and CussOns members or the
committee, who were to revise the re-
port on the school history. and after
some further informal discussion the COM
mittee adjourned subject To the call of
the Chair.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30
A..oclntIon Of rlchmond.

Clearinghouse Association of Richmond.
Tnasmuch as Thursday, July "a. Will
no generally observed as holiday tho
banks represented in the clearinghouse
Association will bee closed on that day.
AN parties having paper maturing on
July "a are requested 10 pay the same
on Wednesday. July lst
JOHN $. ELLETT, President
!. W. SINTON. Secretary.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

THE REUNION EDITIONS. or THE
TIMES CAN BE BOUGHT AT THIS
OFFICE. PUT UP IN WRAPPERS
READY FOR MAILING.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30
- IL - w
Travelling Passenger Agent.
Popular seashore Excursions via Il. 4. 4
4. X. X.

on Fridays and Saturdays you can go
10 Atlantic City. Cape May. or Sea Isle
civ at round-trip rate OF 50 from Rich
mond. Tickets good 20 return until tho
following Tuesdays Leave Richmond
A n. Washington II A. NJ. arrive At
lanuc city 1925 =. VI.
For fun information apply 70 Richmond
Transfer Company g3 east Main street,
ticket office, Byrd-street station, or
&. A. TAYLOR.
Traffic MANAGER
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30
"Old and Reliable"

Among the cherished ana successful
Southern public institutions tbat have
made their mark for Integrity and gem
eral reliability none is wider or more
favoraby known than tho Old VIRGINIA
FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COM
PANY. of Richmond Va. ORGANIZED ls32.
over half century in active and suc-
cessful speration. and in that period has
paid over four millions I'm losses. Its
policy is the shortest simplest and most
liberal in this country. Equitable I'm
their adjustment of losses. anil prompt
in the payment of Same. ae thoUs uds Will
attest The company advcrfises in this
ISSUE their one hundred and second divi-
lrnd-s, mi-allual. per cent. They
have 90 very large and increasing patron
age.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

When Baby was sick, we gave her Castoria-
When She was a Child, she cried FOR Castori-
When she became Hiss, she ciung 90 castonA
When she had Children, She gave them Castoria-
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

are the only piano manufacturers cons
Quoting their own house in Richmond.
Last week we sold thirteen of our ccie-
DRAFTED Chase Bros. Pianos. Our inn
mense trade is o. guarantee Of the poDu-
iariy OK this well-known piano. Re-
member wo are manufacturers. and save
big profits 10 buyers
CHASE BROS PIANO CO.,
80 500 east Main street.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

Largest assortment of Cots I'm the city
no Jufeens'. 81 east Broad street.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

THE REUNION EDITIONS Or THE
TINEs CAN BIZ BOUGHT AT THIS
OFFICE, PUT UP IN WRAPPERS
READY FOR MAILING
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

Largest assortment OF Cots in tho city
at Jurgens, Al east Broad street.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

UuT IIHnUs
Of The manufacturers
CHASE BROS. PIANO co.
30. 500 east Main street.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

GEORGE X. MLAUGHLIN.
Adiutant.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

The price OF The Times i two cents per
copy and ten cents per week. delivered
within the limits OF Richmond and nanches-
Ter. Sunday paper three cents.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

General lee expressed himself as nigh
~ grauned over Bishop Capers statement,
being of the same opinion that the re-
mons supplied by the Government did
the SCUM fun justice and that they
should. therefore. be placed on the list
oil books TO bc introduced in the public
schools
Bishop Capers finally moved as a SUB
sttute. which was agreed upon that the
report De adopted as FAR AS read, ana az
the same time referred 10 committee "i
three with authority 10 mike snch Nei"'.
changes as they may deem proper aud
10 add a suitable reference 70 Tie war
records as published by the Federal Cow
eminent The substitute was adopted.
The petition from the city OF FREEZER
icksburg was then taken up ana u was
decided 20 report 10 the reunion the a.
campaigning resolution. providing that the
establishment ~ IA national park near The
city OF fredericksburg by the Federal
Government be adopted. Senator Stubs
marmly advocated the measure and point
"a out the weight II would have IN the
resolution was endorsed by the 30 or
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

THE MAILING LIST IS ONLY PRINT
ED ABOUT EVERY TEN pa ! >.
DO NOT FEEL lNEAss p
If The DATE OPPOSITE YOU X n \ , ~.
on THE LITTLE PINK sLlP Is ,N1S,I
CHANGED AS SOON AS THE SUB
is RENEWED.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-06-30

WASHINGTON BuREAAu. A A. s5{i DC
INGTON. -. G.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1896-12-24

the ends of which wet sponges are Sc
curely fastened. A small blaze can in
this manner be Immediately quenched.
A German friend tells me that the
true Christmas tree is mot mere show,
decorated for the momentary amusement
of children. It is a sublime symbol of
the soul life of the Germanic people for
a thousand years" 1t should not be
laden with gifts, but should stand as
center to them as they are arranged on
white-coyered tables around the tree
The tree itself is ''the celestial sun tree"
The fir stands for the ash, the lights for
the lightnings flashing overhead, the
golden apples, the nuts and the balls
point to the sun, the moon and the stars,
While the sugar and tle papier mache
figures of animals have each their place
in the symbolism. Upon this heather
tree shines the Star of Bethlehem; among
it's branches is Graded the Holy Child
in the manger. and on it's topmost bough
rests the Christ Child. Thus, as the
German households are called together
around this Offering tree by the hymn,
"Stille Nacht, Heilige Nachtr' they see
their ancient festival Christianized-
Mrs. Lyman Abbott in Ladies' Home
Journal.