The Valentine Democrat. [volume] (Valentine, Cherry Co., Neb.) 1896-1898, 1896-09-24

1t impresses upon the mind the conspic-
Gus features of the continent and aids
in imagination to picture it's surface.
1t is by all means the best method for
securing the attention of pupils and to
lead them to acquire a useful knowl-
edge of correct geographical form from
nature.
1t will be best to first model a map of
our own country. Obtain the services
of a mechanic who can make a suitable
frame Upon which to work the relief.
1t must be made Of pine boards well
seasoned, to prevent warping. They
must be doweled and glued. Rim it
about an inch in height.
Maps are made of modelling wax,
plaster of paris, putty, and other SIM
liar substances. The following materi-
al is a very good one and easily work
ed: For a map about two feet by three
| feet in size, melt two heaping handfus
Of glue, into which place half q pint
| each of varnish and oil. Into this put
more water and stir whiting into it as
you would -four in mixing bread. Use
as o o as prepared. In order for it to,
adhere to the board it is necessary that
a o of paint in which there is plenty
Of oil be applied. Use blue to represent,
the ocean, except on the rim, which
may be painted some darker color.
With a palette knife spread the ma
! terial over the whole map which you
have previously outlined in pencil.
Build up the western highland and the
basin between the Rocky and the Sierra
Nevada mountains. Let the eastern
slope be gradually downward toward
the great central plain and at the north
and upward toward Mexico. Spread
nor of the material for the Appalachi-
of the Ohio River and near the source
Of the Mississippi. Next build up the
mountains, making the Rocky noun
tains higher as you proceed south
ward. Locate some of the principal
peaks and cut depressions in the map
to indicate the canyons of the Colorado
and Arkansas Rivers.
After the work Is we'll laid in put it
away to dry. You will be greatly sur
prised upon looking at it again to dis
cover many cracks and c%reyices in your
work. Do not be discouraged, as it is
only the water drying out of the tex
ture. These must not be worked over
until thoroughly dry, as there is danger
of the under coat being raised from the
board. Repeat this process until per-
fectly dry, when it will be as hard and
firm as a rock.
Now give it two coats of white paint
in which there is about as much oil as
you had for painting the board, and it
Is ready for the final coloring, which
must be of artists paint.
Your palette should consist of the fol-
lowing colors: Flake white, Naples,
strontian, and chrome yellows, Chi
nese vermilion, Prussian and cobalt
blues.
For the flood plains-less than 500
feet-which are along the Atlantic
coast. Gulf Of Mexico, and Ohio val
IeyS, the eastern and southern shores of
Lake Ontario, the valleys of the Column
bia, Sacramento, and San Joaquin and
a narrow strip along the Pacific coast.
use Prussian blue, chrome yellow, and
a small quantity of white.
Next paint the low plains-5O0 feet
to LOCO feet-which are found on either
side of the Appalachian mountains, and
the remaining portion Of the Great Cen
trail Plain not included in the food
plains. also along the Red River of the
North and the Colorado. Add white to
the previous mixture of green for
painting these. Make it considerably
lighter for a contrast. For the remain
der of the map, the height above 1000
feet. mix white and Naples yellow.
Paint the ~snow-capped peaks white,
and the volcanoes vermilion. Trace
the rivers in blue. These will require
two coats. The lakes are made with
Prussian and cobalt blue, yellow, and
white. After all is dry, give it two
coats of white varnish and you will
have a map which will be of great serv-
ice to your pupils.-Educational Jour,
nal.
"Do It."
Peter Cooper, who founded the Coop
er Institute, in New York city, had a
hard struggle. AS a boy, his health
was of the frailest. He went to school
but one year in his life, and during that
oo,,1d only oo avory otbpr 6ay