davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13

Among the inquiries [ have received
from readers of THE CALL are TWO that
bear upon the same subject. One reader
asks: SIS it possible to devise system OF
shorthand for music so that one may be
able to report an aria similar to the way
in which speech is reported?' The other
one asks: us the x ray applicable to
deafness. Can deaf person be made to
hear by the application of the X ray?"
The human senses are few, and may be
said to consist of five only-sight. hear
ing, taste, smell and touch. OF them,
hearing is much the acutesr. Taste, smell
and touch involve but the simplest of
natural phenomena. Sight is more COM
pl ex, as it necessltates the adaptation of
the optic nerve to changes in distance and
color of the object. Hearing necessitates
far greater power of discrimination. The
variety of sounds is infinite. In addition
to tone, in it's fundamental character, are
also pitch, quality, intensity and har-
mony. We hear note of N usic. and un-
less a study has been made OF the science
of harmonic sounds, we infer that the
word musical note'' expresses fully all
that there is to it. Such is far from the
fact Each note is composite of many
sounds. Probably thousand composite
sounds are combined to form the single
note. Science has to some extent an
alyzed the so-calied mote" Strike, say,
the note G upon the piano. 1t contains,
in addition to the fundamental tone G, the
G an octave above, the twelfth above. G
two octaves above, the major third two
octaves above, the fifth two octaves above,
and SO on ad infnitum. Every regular
musical tone is resolvable into a definite
number of simple tones whose relative
pitch follows the law of the partial tone
series. These extra tones are termed the
"harmonies, " aud a tone without harmon
les is destitute of penetrating qualities.
Each tone has "a definite rate of vibra-
tion, and each tones vibration bears a
fixed relationship to the vibration of the
fundam entail note. So calling the vibra-
tion of the fundamental note 1, the sec
ond note of the scale will have a rate of
vibration expressed by the fraction 9-8,
the minor third 8-5, the major third 5-4,
the fourth 4-3 the fifth 3d. the minor
sixth S-5 the major sixth 5-3, the minor
seventh 16-9, the major seventh 1913 and
the octave 2-1
In addition to the sound OF the note it.
self there are accompanying shades of
quality, loudness, softness, force, timbre
etc., all of which go to making the express
sion of the note. The musical stem graph
er would, therefore, require to be the pos
SCISSOR of an extremely acute ear capable OF
instantly distinguishing each separate
shade and color of every individual note.
He would require separate symbol for
each, and as the compass of an ordinary
piano OF seven and a quarter octaves en-
braces lightweight notes the number of
symbols necessary to express these notes
would prove too many for practical use.
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13

1t is, however, extremely easy with suit
able apparatus to cause any sound to give
a visual expression of itself. If we adjust
tuning fork having a small mirror fixed
TO the extremity of one of its arms so that
ray of light coming from lamp shall be
projected from the mirror upon screen
then it will be seen that as the fork
vibrates the reflected ray will have an
undulatory. wave-like motion, which will
be characteristic and distinct for the same
note. The accompanying illustration
shows some of these lines. 1t might be
possible by the employment of delicate
and complex mechanism to obtain in such
lines a record of a piece OF music being
performed.
The action of the monograph is the
practical application of such principle.
The phonograph is not very modern in
vention. There has been lying upon the
shelves of the Smithsonian Institution at
Washington, d. c., queer-shaped instru-
ment called a phonautograph, the device
of M. Leon Scott. 1t has been there since
1856 and was known to mum berless expert
menters long previous. 1t consists of a
wooden cylinder about foot long and six
inches thick, having an iron axle, one end
of which is cut with thread screw,
and the other end having crank
handle.
The screw end of the axle works in fixed
nut, so that when the cylinder is turned
by its handle it has, in addition to its mo.
tion of rotation, a motion of translation.
There is large funnel mounted upon a
stand, the apex of the funnel being closed
by a piece of parchment to which is af-
fixed quill. The phonautograph is en-
ployed for making sound visible TO op-
crate it the cylinder is covered with a
piece of paper and then rotated over a
lamp burning turpentine, so that the cyl.
inder receives heavy coating of lamp
black. Then the funnel is placed in posi-
ton so that the quill is resting against
the periphery Of the soot-covered cylinder.
If now note OF music is sounded into the
large end of the funnel and the cylinder
be rotated, the vibration of the air in
the funnel Will cause the quill to trace
upon the revolving cylinder a sinuous
line, typical OF the note. To preserve the
record the cylinaer is dipped into solu-
ton of shellac in alcohol, which fixes the
lampblack, and the paper may then be
removed.
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13

The Indians of Sonoma County form an
interesting and picturesque element OF
life in the valley of the Russian River.
All told they number at the present day
barely 800 souls, the remnant OF the once
powerful tribe of the Callagomanns,
which, at the time of the Spanish occupa-
ton, numbered $4,000 individuals. Dis
ease. exposure and change OF habit have
eliminated the once powerful people, and
it is hardly possible for them to exist for
another generation. In few years the
tribe will become extinct.
The term Digger" by which all the
tribes of Northern California were distin-
guished, was applied to them from their
habit of digging into the earth for food.
They were promiscuous in their choice OF
eatables, and ra bbits. snakes, earthworms
and snails were esteemed the most deli
cious elements wherewith to grace feast.
Like their forefathers the race in
Sonoma County is neither warike nor
enterprising. The country before the
arrival of the whites afforded all that vas
necessary to crafty their narrow wants
without labor upon their part. They
knew nothing of the chase and caught
their game by stratagem or snare, conse-
quently they grew up an inconceivably
lazy and utterly worthless people, without
a conce ption of a future state and only
intent on the qualification of degraded
appetites. When the whites possessed
the lands and covered them with droves
of cattle and sheep the Indians imagined
they had right to appropriate what they
required. and did so until the stronger
race arose in their wrath and wiped out a
few hundred OF them, more or less, when
the focks and herds were left in peace.
Around Hcpland the largest number of
this remnant live. In pity the church un-
dertook the work of civilizing the few that
were left, and devoted missionaries have
passed their lives trying to instill into the
minds of these people hopes of better
things. Instruction has been given IN ag-
riculture, and the indians have been en-
couraged in habits of self-dependence end
industry. In a measure these efforts to
civilize have bsen successful. They are
nearly all mem bers of the church and re-
gard their priest with great veneration,
but their minds can only grasp the rudi-
ments of the principles of Christianity.
In their chapel they are the most devout
of worshipers. The school where the
younger minds are taught to develop ac-
complishes something for their improve
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13
FORMS OF SOUND WAVES.

so inert that they cannot be induced to
make any effort at improving themselves
or their estate. They adhere to customs
of their forefathers and live as their an
cestors did before the white man came to
disturb their dreams and make them work
The little that the Indians raise from
their land is supplemented by the wages
they earn on the neighboring fa rms. Hop
picking is a favorite occupation of theirs,
and whole families engage in that task
when the time for gathering the crop ar
rives. AS fruit pickers they are also a
success, but in other branches of work,
where judgment or some intellectual eff.
fort is required, they are failure.
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13
Silver Spoons Thrust
In Hapless Babies Mouths
The Most Remarkable Mart in the World.
Babies Purchased for Christmas
Presents in London

inquire how much they are to be paid Tor
taking it. This class of persons are
frowned upon by Mr.. Stead, and he has
Just now formally notified them that their
presence at the baby market is not de-
sired and will be promptly dispensed
with if avoidaple in no other fashion.
The scenes at the baby market are like
unto those of big nursery. Prettlly
gowned and capped nurses exhibit their
charges to the persons who come to view,
and occasionally a sad-faced woman Is
seen sitting in a chair in the visitors
room, hoping for the opportunity that
will make her grief.stricken. Such one
holds her baby as close to her as possible,
undergoing IN her imagination the agony
of parting over and over again. Then
when the prospective foster mother
finally appears the contrasting feelings
are almost pitiful. 1t is a mingling of
tears and smiles The tears OF the mother
contrast with the smiles of the newcomer,
while the baby tries first one and then
the other emotion, unknow1ng whether
its mothers grief or the visitors Joy mean
the most to it.
There is only one other institution in
the world so far as known ike unto that
which Mr.. Stead has established. 1t is
not really a prototype after all. The same
principle, however, actuates both-that of
caring for little ones and providing them
with good homes. This second institu-
ton is in the United States, and is pre-
sided over by DR.. ]. H. Kellogg at Battle
Creek, Mich, town that is famous for
the lost health that is found there and re-
turned to the owners.
This haven of lest and hope for young
persons has no restriction, so far as age is
concerned, regarding the children it aids.
In the eyes of the institution the girl OF
16 Is still child and requires infinitely
more care in some ways than the tot of 6.
This institution is known as the Haskell
home, but it is a home only temporarily,
as the children are placed with the per-
sons desirous of adopting them as soon as
possible. The /class of children that are
received by the home is indicated by the
following description of several home
Sc kers furnished by the officials:
No. 366 is a girl 10 years of age with
blue eyes and dark hair. She is said TO
have an amiable disposition and has had
good training. Her father is dead and
her mother having to work away from
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13

in a solution of acid, and succeeded in
separating from the other meteoric constit-
uents several small but perfect diamonds
and also small quantity of dust resem-
bling white beach sand, which was pre-
served for diamond cutting experiment.
It is we'll known that while several SUBJ
stances cut ruby and sapphire among
natural mineral products only the dia-
mond cuts the diamond, though a new
chemical com bination called boron car
bide is now coming into use for the same
purpose. When a terrestrial diamond
was placed in position for being cut and
the revolving wheel was charged with the
supposed diamond dust characteristic
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13

are lazy. The trait is innate and part OF
their being. Only the sternest necessity
will persuade them to depart from the
habit. Their ruling passion is for drink,
and for this they will part with the last
of their possessions. Their conception OF
bliss begins and ends with the bottle and
potations innumerable. The law against
supplying the Indians with intoxican is
is severe, but is constantly evaded.
Charles Weidner OF this City, who recently
made a visit to the tribe for artistic studies,
describes them as being on the whole a
people worthy of preservation, whose vir-
tues are many and whose uncultured hos
pi:ality is conspicuously sincere.
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13

with adamantine properties were found,
and only in 1898 the diamond cutting
capacity of this white powder was satis-
factorily tested by Oliver Whipple Hunt
ington, Ph.D.. of Harvard. AS in the cut
ting and polishing of the meteoric iron of
Canyon Diablo hard particles were en-
countered that destroyed several of the in
strument used, it was con jectured that the
diamond was one of the ingredients, and
on examining the cut section small black
diamonds were found, and one white gem
1-50 of an inch in diameter.
The Harvard mIneralogist, having OBJ
tanned specimens from the same locality.
dissolved the iron by the aid of battery
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13

Kissing sound soon announced that the
adamantine surface was yielding, and in
few minutes the ground and polished face
proved that it had met its peer in the
white powder OF the meteorite. This
skilled experimenter was of the opinion
that further analysis might even disclose
gems of size and value or give some clew
as to their formation, for which the past
career of the meteorite may have afforded
special facilities. Of the true origin of
both, however, much more must be known
before the shooting star is recognized as
diamond bearing soil cast up from the
depths of some distant world.
ROSE O'HALLoRAN.
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13
Diamonds in Stars.

1t was only recently discovered that the
most valued of all minerals, the diamond is
sometimes enshrined in the falling star
The illustration is an enlarged picture of
a perfect octahedral gem, minute but
brilliant and colorless, taken from speci-
men of the meteoric iron found in 1891
near Canyon Diablo, Arizona Though as
early as 1916. and also in 1886 and 1887
EVIDENCE OF diamond formation was de !,
tected in meteorites. it was not until 1879,
and afterward in 1891, that coIorless grains
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13
The Last of the Famous Tribe Of the Yukahs
Sonoma Countys Picturesque Indians Will Have Become
Extinct Before the Close Of Hnother Generation

ment, but it is difficult to arouse that am
bition without which any considera BILE
progress is impossible.
The females of the tribe are more tract
able than the men and more easily
taught. Some OF them make nota BILE
housewives and needlewomen.
They have been encouraged to build
homes of their own after the manner OF
those of their white neighbors, and many
have done so, but there are those who are
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13

They are people fond of amusement,
and circus occasions them unspeakabIe
delight. A procession of Indians bound
to circus is signt that would please a
cynic. The most dilapidated horses and
harness hitched to cart of ancient
lineage and filled with stocal group of
Indians, old and young, is a spectacle
worth long journey to see.
BY heredity, the legacy of centuries of
shiftless ancestors, the Yukiah Indians
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13
Professor Parker at Bull Run.

The late Professor Henry E. Parker of
Dartmouth College was chaplain of the
Second New Hampshire Volunteer Regi-
ment in the War of the Rebellion. An in
cdent of his service is thus described by
correspondent OF the Springfield (Mass.)
Republican,:
"In the midst of the wild rout and panic
at the first battle of Bull Run was
stricken down with a grieyous wound.
While the tide of fugitives swept past and
the victorious enemy bore down relent-
Iessly upon us, a few comrades struggled
TO bear me away to some place of safety.
With them was Chaplain Parker. He had
been mounted all through the pattle, and
TO reach me he had ridden into perfect
hailstorm of bullets. 1t seemed certain
death to one so conspieuoUsly EXPOSED,
but he came out unframed, while those
around him went down or fed in dismay.
Among the innumerable acts of heroism
which / witnessed during the war, moth
ing so impressed me as the calm courage
with which this was ne"
The San Francisco call., 1896-12-13

In certain towns of Germany the tele-
phone is introduced by tobacconists as an
additional attraction to customers. Any
one who buys cigar may, if he desires,
speak over the tobacconists instrument
to subscriber to the telephone servica-
The Arizona sentinel., 1896-07-11
Practitioner.
Notice of Forfeiture.

To Geo. T. Martin: You are hereby notified that we have expended one hundred dollars in labor and Improvements upon the Radiant Mine" locat- ed in Castle Dome Mining District and now known the Moffatt Mining District, County of Yuma, Territory of Arizona, during the year 1896 a5 will appear by certificate filed on the 2ett day of Feb. 1896, at 10 m. in the office of the iecorderef said county in or der to hold said claim, under the provisions of sec ton 2324, Revised Statutes of the United States, being the amount required to hold the same for the year ending Dec 91st, 1896. Andif within ninety days after the publication of this notee you fail or refuse to contribute your proportion of such claim win become the property of the subscribers, under said section.
 GEO. w. NORTON.
 CHRIS HORNER
The Arizona sentinel., 1896-07-11
WHY CAPITAL sHoULD SEEK YUMA COUNTY


 EecauSe its mines are the richest. Because it's grazing lands are the best Fecause its farming lands are valuable and productive.
 Hecausc 1t gives assurance of the largest returns or money invested.
 Because it's grand resources are vet to be developed
 Because 1t is young, growing county with an assured future. Because the opportunities for engaging in manufacturing enterprises are better than i'll any other region of the West Because good mining properties can be had at reasonable figures.
 Because there is a demand for additional facilities for ore reduction. Because there are vast strG tches of rich soil to be reclaimed by the construction of irrigating canals.
 Because there are large tracts of grass lands that can be utilized by the sinking ot artesial wells.
 Because there are mSny openings ina new country which cannot exist in elder con- munities.
 Because the opportunities for engaging in the successful cultivation of semi-tropic fruits are better than in any GtESr part of +the United States. Because property values are rapidly ad- vancin2.
 Because Arizona's boom is yet to come. Because i6 is a virgin field, ready for the Eeed which will produce golden harvest
The Arizona sentinel., 1896-07-11

acres now prcat!ese, can be masle productive by the construction q rrgating dite2s, and there is no investment which assures larger or more permanent returns"
 Tine foregoing statements not exaggerated; in fact, they fall short of doing justice to this won derful land. Pineapples, dates, almo.ds and wal nuts will do we'll Strawberries raspbsrres, black berries, currants gcoseberres and all varieties of small fruits can be successfully cultivated Indeed Yuma County is not only the natural home of the citrus and semitrcpical fruits, as. almost every fruit, nut, pant grain, grass oi. vegetable which cat he produced either tropic or temperate zone, will L.llife iii its rich and fertile soils.
The Arizona sentinel., 1896-07-11
SECTION l.


 No houses of ill-fame shall be allowed on Jones street nor on the west side of Main street; nor on the east side of Main street, in said village of Yuma. except in block seven of said village as laid down in Whites Official Survey of said village. Nor shall any prostitute lease, or rent any house on s1id streets for the pulpose of carrying on a house of ill-fame Any vio- lation of this section shall Dc punished by fine not less that $50 (ifty dollars) nor more than $IO0 lone hundred dollars), or by imprisonment not to exceed thirty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment
 SECTION II.
 No house of ill-fame shall te allowed OF the corner of any street in said village. Nor shall any prostitute lease, or rent any such house on said street corner for the purpose Of carrying on house of prostitu- tion. Any violation of tbis section shall be punishable as provided for in section I of this Ordinance.
 SECTION III, No person shall rent, or lease any house to any person, on said Jones street, or any corner of any street iu said village of Yuma or on the East or West side of Main street as @~ set forth in section One hereof. to be used as a house of prostitution. Any violation of this secteon shall be punished as provided for in section 1, hereof.
 SECTION W.
 All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with this ordinance are hereby re pealed.
 SECTION V.
 This ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and publication in the SENTINEL, a newspaper published in said village of Yuma, for three successive weeks from and after it's passage.
 Passed this lst day of June, 1895.
 E. J. DUNCAN.
 Mayor Village of Yuma. Attest:
 J. H, CARPENTER,
 Village Recorder.
The Arizona sentinel., 1896-07-11
AGS00TC0S
 of Yuma County.
YUMA COUNTY:

Awhite man. first set faot on what is Aew YEnla County in l7Tl. 1t IS the southwest division of the Territory, and one of the four original counties of She Ter ritery. Many great reclamation projects are however on foot, and ir 6 few years cx- Pect to see Yuma County rated as the richest, in the Territory.
 The first glimpse the traveller from Cali ornia catches of Arizona is that of the picturesque town of Yuma, which is snugiy situated in the embrace of gentle rolling hills, upon whose crests and sides the modern bsa2es of our superior civilization are cron ding the adobe &gellings into eternal oblivion. Yuma is the gateway to Arizona, the. new empire Of the West, upon whose undereloped riches the eyes of the country arc at present turned, and as such, she is bound to grow and prosper with a rapidity that at present can hardly be re- alized. But coupled with heE geographi- cal position we find that she is the center of @ country whose agricultura; possibili- 5iass are. PsSeGicaiiy unli1nited, being sur rounded by soil the fertility of which exceeds that of the delta of the Nile, and wanting oaly water to become paradise of bloom. Billions of gallons of that precious fluid have annually gone to waste at Yuma's very doors, but already reaction is taking place and many enterprises are on foot to s0Pply She life giving waters of the yellow Colorado to the thirsty earth.
The Arizona sentinel., 1896-07-11
WANTED: A BRIGHT BOY OR GIRL

In this and every town in the vicinity where there Is not already an agent, to sell the Nsw York Ledger, Americas Greatest Story Paper, by the week, and act as agent, making 2 cents on every copy sold. No charge being made for unsold copies. No Possible Risk. For further particulars call st the c1ice of this paper.
The Arizona sentinel., 1896-07-11
LANDS AND SOILS.

The lands of Yuma County comprise the river ,.sottolns and valleys and the upands mosas The 5ottop ands moister and slightly mere fertile, zf, indeed, t is possible to n2ke comparisons xbeIe all sowenderfuiiy productive and prolific. -The Eplands mesas eae warner and, perhaps,
 lightly far better the cultvstionefth citrus fruits
 Syg2a coptoinsA vsrletF qf sau- The valley .saad
The Arizona sentinel., 1896-07-11
ORDINANCE NO. 57.
An Ordinance Regulating the L0ca-
 tiOn of Houses of In- Fame.

Be it ordained by the Mayor and Common Council of the village of Yuma, Arizona Tsrritory.