davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
Living Ex-GOvernOrs.

Vermonters are proverbially modest, but
we would be recreant t6 duty were we to
allow this opportunity to pass without call
ing attention to the healthful influence OF
the governorship of the Green Mountain
state as demonstrated by our list Of living
ex-governors. The dean of Vermont's
emeritus executives now surviving is our
venerable and honored war governor,
Frederick Holbrook of Brattleboro, who
was elected to the position thirty-fve years
ago. The next in point of seniority are
Hon. George w. Hendee of Morrisville,
who filled out the unexpired term of Gov.
Peter L. Washburne, deceased in 1870, and
Hon. John w. Stewart of Middlebury, who
was governor during the gubernatorial
term of 1S70-72. Redfe'd Proctor was
elected to the executive chair in 1873, and
his successors as eX-governors were Roswell
Farnham OF Bradford, John l.. Barstow of
Shelburne, Samuel f. Pingree of Hartford,
Ebenezer j. Ormsbee of Brandon, William
p. Dillingham; of Waterbury, Carroll S.
Page of Hyde Park, and Levi X. Fuller of
Brattleboro.
1t is noteworthy fact that of the men
who have been governors of the state from
1878 down to the present time, all are liv-
ing, and inasmuch as their combined terms
of office have covered period of 2S
years, Vermont can Undoubtedly safely
challenge any of her sister states to beat
this record. This distinction in addition
to the fact that we have eleven ex-gov-
ernors, with Gov. Woodbury. shortly to be
added to the list by rule, ought not only to
recommend our governors to the life in
surance companies as eminently safe risks,
but should also entitle Vermont to the palm
among States for ex-gubernatorial long.
evity.-Burlington Free Press.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25

The Baptist state Sunday School eonven-
ton holds its next annual meeting in
Newport, June 23 and 4. In addition to
the usual exercises provided by the pastors
and members of the numerous local schools,
an attractive array of talent, marks the
program of the occasion. Among the
speakers definitely engaged are, Rev. ED.
Burr, pastor of the Ruggles street church,
Boston, and Rev. Kerr B. Tupper, DID,,
who has recently removed from Denver,
COL, to Philadelphia to succeed Rev. DR..
George Dana Boardman in the pastorate Of
the First church. The convention has q
constituency Of 1866 members.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
Commissioners Notice.

We the subscribers, being duly appointed
by the Hon. Probate Court for the District
OF Westminster Commissioners to receive,
examine and adjust all claims and demands
Of all persons against the estate of John
McNeill, late. of Westminster in said dis
trict, deceased, and also all claims and de-
mands exhibited in Offset thereto; and six
months from the 7th day of March last,
being allowed by said Court for that purpose.
we do therefore hereby give notice, that we
pointment at the late residence of John
McNeill In Westminster, in said district.
on the 27th day of March and the 7th day
OF September next from two O'Clock until four
O'Clock P. NJ, on each of said days.
FRED I. LANE, Observation-Disclosures
s. NJ. NUTTING, COMMISSIONERS
L.C. Richardson, Admir-. Westminster.
March 20, A. D., 1885,
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
BROOKLINE.

Flora Lawrence has gone to West Brat
tleboro to work for Mrs. Morse
Lena Morse of Williamsyille visited the
past week with her brother, A. j. Morse.
Harvey Eddy, who is living with his
daughter, Mrs. j. A. Shattuck, is very
feeble.
M. w. Lawrence tapped his sugar
orchard Friday, the goth, and sap started
we'll
Mrs. Augustus Torrey with her children
have been visiting at II. NJ Whitney's the
past week.
Henry Barrett is not doing very much
manual labor just now on account of a diff
ference of opinion between himself and en-
ployer.
Notwithstanding the bad condition OF
the roads, about 25 gathered at the home
Of A. j. Morse and wife for social time
Friday evening. Refreshments were served
and the evening enjoyed by all.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
racks, most of them leased, these latter

tracks, most of them leased, these latter
including nearly dozen small lines.
According to report on file the corpor-
alton had in use last year 1872 locomotives,
l2l passenger cars, 4S baggage cars, 1870
freight cars, 1919 stock cars, 1901 flat cars,
293 coal cars.
Its earnings for that year were 1854
39S.02, divided as follows: Passenger
81 ,5O5, ,323.61, freight $3,212,3197 7S, mail
and express $173,907 81, lake and sound
steamers 1891, ,9295O. miscellaneous $780,
917.46. The total expenses were $685.
COZ 81. divided as follows: Transportation
$2, 44O,7 ,725 81, equipment 1856, 164.39,
maintenance $463, ,s83.45, lake and sound
steamers $490,732.50, general $780,
O74.4O. The net earnings were 81, $685.
1901, and the surplus was SIG, ,261.69.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
Fast Day Proclamation.

Public expression of dependence upon
God is always conducive to the moral and
religious welfare of people and meets
with Divine favor.
To the end that our people may unite in
appropriate service, l., Urban A. Wood
bury, governor of the state of Vermont, do
hereby designate Friday, April Sd, as Fast
day.
l recommend that upon that day the peo-
pie of this state assemble in their usual
places of worship and, with humble and
penitent hearts, confess their sins to Al
mighty God and pray for His continued
mercies and blessings.
URBAN A. WOODBURY..
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
Commissioners Notice.

We the subscribers, being duly appointed
bv the Hon Probate Court for the District Of
Westminster, Commis sion6 rs to receive, ex-
anime and adjust I'll claims and demands Of
all persons against the estate of Lewis L..
Allbee, late of Rockingham in said District
deceased, and also all claims and demands
exhibited in offset thereto; and six months
from The 7th dav of March last, being al
lowed bv said Court for that purpose. we do
therefore hereby give notice that we will at
at the store of w. J.Eaton & Co. in Bellows
Falls in said District, on the End dav of May
and the 18th day of August next, from one
O'Clock P. NJ until four O'Clock p. NJ, on each
of said days.
JULIUS A. EATON, I ro,,n;ss,onors
GEORGE UNDERWOOD. I
Charles +. Weeden, EX'r.
March 20. \. d. 1895.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
4rBal ADVERTISEMENTS.
Commissioners Notice,

We the subscribers, being duly appointed
by the Hon. Probate Court for the District of
Westminster, Commissioners to receive, ex-
all persons against the estate of Samuel
s.. Bailey, late of Grafton in said Dis
mands exhibited in Offset thereto; and six
months from the 7fh day Of March last,
being allowed by said Court for that purpose.
will attend to the business of our said ap-
pointment at the Office of Sidney Holmes
In Grafton, in said district, on the
9Th day of April and on the Slst day Of
August next from one O'Clock q. m., until four
O'Clock p. m. on each of said days.
MAGE " J. shERWfa. III FWELfs' commissioners.
Sidney Holmes, Exec'r
March 9, 1885.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
Buzzell and Mrs. Marsh Held for Murder.

After four days trial Of the Marsh case
Justice E. H. Thayer at Northfeld de-
cided to hold William Buzzell and Mrs.
George Marsh, charged with causing the
death of George Marsh by poisoning with
arsenic and the prisoners were taken last
Friday to Montpelier Jail to await trial at
the September term of the Washington
county court at Montpelier. The testimony
showed motive for the deed in the wite's;
affections for Buzzell and their criminal in
timacy before Marsh's death.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25

After several years of uninterrupted sue
cess the Central Vermont railroad has
again been forced into a receivership, par
ticulars of which will be found in another
column. This was due to the hard times
and the extreme stringency OF. the money
market which rendered it impossible to OBJ
tain the ready cash to meet current obliga-
tions US they became due. Under the
present management the road has been
greatly improved both as to track, bridges,
stations and rolling stock, and we sincerely
hope the receivership will prove but tenn
porary, and that with better times the road
can be again placed upon solid basis.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
TOWNSHEND.

Prof. Call and wife are in town on a
visit.
Miss Celia Thompson is visiting relatives
in New York.
G. N. Snow was home until last Wednes-
day when he went to Chester.
Miss Mary Morse of South Newfane is
stopping at Arthur Blood's this week.
Frank E. Holden had the misfortune to
cut his left hand very badly last week while
ehopPing. zr----.--s--.--.,-g-,ss-.s.ss.
Charles Moar of Sibley, Iowa, visited
his sister, Mrs. A. A. Snow, recently. He
has not been east before for "a years.
Died March IL, Chandler Eddy, aged SO
years. Funeral services were held at the
house Of Harrison Eddy his son, with whom
he lived.
Our little village was startled Tuesday Of
last week by the cry of fire which started
in the dwelling of Jonas Allen, it is thought
from defective chimney. A large assem-
bly, of citizens responded to the call, and
the fire was subdued with little damage
by the fire and some by water; loss esti-
mated at $3.50. Had it not been dis
covered inst as it was West street would
have had thorough clearing out by the
devouring element.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
ATHENS.

A communion service will be held mex
Sunday.
Mr.. Wyman of Chester has moved to G..
j. Perham's farm.
Martin Bailey of Ludlow spent Sunday
with his daughter, Mrs. A. S. Powers.
The G. E. society will hold ''retro-
spective party" with Mr.. and Mrs. w. G.
Ober Friday evening, March 81. A bean
supper will be served from 6 to s. A cor
dial invitation is extended to all.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25

The republican state convention for
Minnesota met at Minneapolis Tuesday
and instructed its St. Louis delegates for
Mckinley. This puts Senator Davis out
of the race as presidential possibility.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
New Advertisements This Week.

Vermont Farm Machine Co.
A Bargain-O. ID. Gray Il Co.
Toilet Soap-C. X, Whitman.
up to Date" Stock-J. C. Day.
Easter Sale-Wales Cash store.
Bicycles-L. G. 4 G. E. Howard.
Opera House-Uncle Toms Cabin.
Opera House-The Old Homestead.
Next Two Weeks-Dunham Brothers.
Another Week for Cash--W. B. Glynn.
Columbia Bicyclc-W. II. Bodine 4 Co.
Real Estate For Sale--J. A. Eaton \ Co.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25

Allison II, Reed II, and Mckinley
8, is the estimate of the standing
of delegates Of the Texas republicans to
the national convention. There are IS
congressional districts in the Lone Star
state, giving her, with the four delegates
at large, 80 delegates to the national con-
vention.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
FACTS AND FIGURES.

The present Central Vermont corpora
ton was organized December 9, 1891, for
the consolidation of the Central Vermont,
Vermont & Canada, Consolidated of Ver-
mont and Montpelier & White River rail-
roads. 1t now operates S02 miles of
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
Vermont News.
Senator Ira Aliens Case.

The case of the state against Ira Allen
of Fair Haven, growing out Of the visit OF
the legislature to the state fish hatchery at
Roxbury in October, 1894, has been set
for trial Tuesday morning, March 81, in
Washington county court.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
Franklin Austin Estate.

STATE OF VERMONT. The Probate Court
Westminster, ss. for said District. To
all persons Interested in the Estate of Frank
lin Austin, late of Putney, in said district.
deceased,
GREETING:
You are hereby notified that this Court will
decide upon the allowance Of the account
of L. c. Richardson, Administrator upon
said estate, and decree distribution thereof
to the persons entitled at the session there
of to be held ut the Probate Office In Bel
lows Falls on the 2nd day OF May, A. ID.
1896, when and where you may be heard in the
premises, if you see cause.
ZINA H. ALLBEE, Register.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
|. P. THAYER & CO., proprlstors.
l.. =. THAYER, Publisher,
w. G. BELKNAP, Editor.

The New York state republican conven-
ton was held yesterday, and the St. Louis
delegates instructed for Morton.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25

Mr.. Choate's Motto of life-"Next to
godliness and cleanliness, cheerfulness
ia the third great duty Of man."
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25

HOODS PILLS cure Liver ms,
Biliousness, Indigestion, Headache.
A pleasant laxative. An Druggists.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
MILLINERY BUSINESS FOR SALE

AS 1 wish to retire from business,
will sell nv entire stock of Millinery,
Corsets and Yarrs with a 6 ,oi trade.
No other store of the kind in the place.
For price, terms and particulars address
Mrs. E. M. ChamberIin,
Townshend, VT.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
NOTICE

hereby give notice that shall not pay
any bill or obligation contract ed by any per-
son in my name, unle the same shall be
CONTRACTED in my presence or upon my order
in writing.
GEORGE Z. DAME,
Bellows Falls. VT. March 6. lsei.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25

We notice by the latest advertisement oudbe competitors
what predicted the ssppery hold
the stump has given and they sin the mre and
although singing mud feel called upon thank them for
placing the
Improved United States Separator
their nging they direct their nsinuatng and
Infngers whose
the unfortunate buyers their machnes
already pepeuay enoned from the further of the
had for moment been hoodwinked into
assuredy and rightly place the
Separator where truthful and honorable
belongs their vuperation
No agent, of the Improved United States
Separator njoined sued molested
IN its peaceful sale
nnuatons their face, because
enone they selling using the Separators.
Any vayfaring man, though knows that and appa
VERMONT FARM MACH
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
CREAM SEPARATOR INFRINGERS

that such advertisements published
retaining which Improved United States
Separator S winning from them by its superior merits
public still further the fact that
United States Separator has only had suit
against and been enjoned but
singing competitors claim enoned under their
trivial suit from another
Separator entirely foreign the Improved United States
Separator relating affecting has that
Improved United States Separator
who molesa andt therefore,
To Escape all Liability
whow to liability of claims
infringement should
Buy the Improved United States Separator
Separator excels
merits all liability of infringement avoided, the Improved
fully protected by
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1896-03-25
8i3HttteaH Curna.
NED PIERCE
SLATE ROOFER

and dealer in States, Ridge Irons, Snow
Guards and Roofers Cement.
Postoffice Box 1922, Bellows Falls, Vt.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-06-27

American prosperity throughout every part OF our
much beloved land. 1t stands for protective tariff
that protects every American interest Qoud ap-
plause) IL stands for reciprocity that recprocaes
that Bets s0mcth hing for what give from the
Nations OF the world: il stands for the reciprocity
can party 0oul applause): and 1t stands now. as it
has always stood for sound money (vOciferous cheer
ng). with which to measure the exchanges of the
people-a dollar that IL not only good at home. but
good IN every market place OF the world (cries OF
"Bravo). and with these principles emblazoned on
crate judgment ~ the American people. and. as
Lincoln used to say. There IS safer tribunal In
the world than the American peOpe. and TO that
tribunal We confie arl submit cur aims ard pur
poses this year.
Il thank YOU. Mr.. Chairman. and my feow-cit-
2ens. iOr the compliment and courtesy o. this cal
and shall be glad to meet each and every one OF
am graceful % YOU. ana bid you good night. Con
tinuOus cheeringD
Letters of congratulation were received to-day
from Commodore Whitehorn G. II Morrill, presi-
dent Of the Nebraska State University: Con-
gresham Dolllver, of Iowa; Congressman
Hiram Barber. Of Chicago; Benedict Prel;h,
manager OF THE New-Jersey Freie Zeiung.
and Amasa Thornton OF New-York
Among the callers to-day were Charles Won
Bonhorst and +. NJ Blgeow. Of Pittsburg. an |
Charles G. Dawes. Of Chicago.
The women who bore active part In the
organization Of the reception this afternoon are
Mrs Morrow. Mrs Isaac Harter. Mrs. r. O.
Miller. Mrs George g. F'rease, Mrs G. G. Cook
and Mrs. !. r. Sherwood.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-06-27

SOME DETAILS As TO HOW THE FOUR
CREWS ROWED IT.
HARD TO IMPROVE UPON IN TIE CRITICS EYES
WHAT IT SHOWED ABOUT THE ADvAN-

HARD TO IMPROVE UPON IN TIE CRITICS EYES
WHAT IT SHOWED ABOUT THE ADvAN-
TAGEs or THE COURSE.
Poughkeepsie y. Y. June 26 (SpecaD.-Ths race OF
Yesterday has proved several disputed points be.
yond a doubt 10 the Poughkeepse course. In the
first place the river be and kept free from
traffic for the better part OF an hour One tow ran
down perhaps twenty minutes before the boats
started, but otherwise the Hudson. from Krum
Elbow TO the bridge absolutely free from craft.
with the exception Of one schooner yacht, which
anchored just above the bridge. There was there
fore no interruption on account of passing boats.
which has been the nightmare Of al. rowing men and
the chief criticism OF all who opposed that part OF the
Hudson or. in fact, the Hudson at any point, as an
eight-oared race course
Furthermore the water was in admirable condi-
ton. fully smooth as II ever Is In New-London.
No question be raised therefore, on that score
as to the possibility of getting rowing water on tho
Hudson With these two difficulties overcome the
great advantage OF the width of the river the direct
ness OF the course, the ease with which coxswans
could see their course al the way down TO the bridge
and thence TO the finish, TO say nothing OF the fac-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-06-27
DARING ATTEMPT AT BANK ROBBEhi.
A TUNNEL DUG UNDER THE VAULTS OF LOS
ANGELES BANK.

A TUNNEL DUG UNDER THE VAULTS OF Los
ANGELES BANK.
los Angeles. Cal. June "a daring attempt AT
bank robbery was discovered by the local police d
few days ago and the facts were made pupHc las'
night 4 suit Of mud-staned clothing was recently
found In the rooms occupied by three notorious
crooks" which led the police 10 suspect tnat the
trio were tunnelling under bank or safe depos,
vault; Search was instituted and 1t was discovered
that the vaults OF the First National Bank had
been undermined.
\ saloon lC0 fee, distant from the bank ouiaihs
was placed under surveillance. and a secret ex-
animation Of the premises disclosed a tunnel TWO
and half feet square leading from the cellar OF 'he
saloon TO tho basement OF the bank. In the celar
was found tub containing thirty-one STICKS Oh
dynamite and a quantity Of giant power I"7
tools used IN digging also found carefully con-
c.,l.-l m the tunnel. Tho discovery was made none
too s,on for another days work would nave SUI
feed TO weaken the vaults enough 10 permit me use
OF explosives with certain success.
Mean while the proprietor of the saloon mas us
onp.aret and the three crooks" have also taken
nlght An acc)mpce Of the robbers was arrested
Yesterday and the police hopeful OF landing
thor men The First National Bank carries not
loss than 100000 in currency In rs vaults az all
times. and the loot. If accomplished. would nave
been one of the largest in the history OF bank ROB-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-06-27
THE TINPL4TE ASSOcfATION.

Pittshurg June = CspeciaD.-No agreement has
y,t been reached between the American tinpa'e
uanufacturcrs ana ihcir workncn on the matter ~
the schedule < wages lul Il is said that ihc Ii-
fcrenc.s existing Aeiwc~.a them viii ." si'.s'acior-
ily settled ana The prospect Of strike - now con
silercl remote.
a; me same time considerable nervousness eS-
ISIS and sellers have Insisted o. the strike claus"
ln all large contracts f0r u'ur" deliveries. while
tho unwlllngr,s. 81 tine mills 10 q10'c fniIf" u'.if
cries !n view Cd. The unsettled wage question has
hcr-l % create a nruer tone in the market 80
steps have been taken o. rene" 'he gentleman Z
agreement among tho American manufacturers.
which expire. July T. On; the situation in regard 70
supply ami DEMAND shows 50 much Improvement
thaf there vii be- necessity for IN" t"rrhi" COM
petition ana cutting of prices TO obtain ordcrs o.
.cw months ngo.
The prpmp' wa in whrH the tngifn market has
e,ic..,.i ni ihe lA'" .smahd from Tho ol trade
f,r imported coke flns indicates tha' any deFnnn!
from America in excess u! present Imports VIII
surely he mt with higher foreign pr.c"-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-06-27
CTRTlILING CLOTH PREDICTION.
FALL RIVER AND OTHER MILLS TO RUN ONLY
HALF THE TIME THIS SUMNER

Fall River Mass. June 26.-copies OF an agree
r,an, formulated at a meeting OF the Arkwright
,.luh IN Boston were posted to-day in the rooms or
.b. Nonuf,cturers' Association soon as business
orenel ON the street. and mill men were Informed
mat their signatures were awaited. They responded
nromptlv and at the hour OF closing this after
noon a million and half spindes over one-haf
in the city. were pledged to be stopped half time
during July and August. The agreement does not
hiud manufacturers to any specific time, but re-
quires that the machinery be stopped Tor iour
weeks
II il confidently asserted that not a single mill
manufacturing print cloth or plain goods VIII re
fuse TO sign. II. G. ID. Borden is the only doubtful
one but II Is almost certain that he VIII agree to
shut down If the others do The Textile Union
people here say II is the only sensible solution or
The question The Barnaby Bingham Mills viii be
stoned next week for general overha ung. II
Is yearly custom and has nothing 10 do with cur
tament. The first OF the mills In the agreement
will close a week from tomorrow.
Lawrence. Mass. June 25-The agent Of the cot
ton department OF the Pacific Mills made the fol-
loving announcement yesterday: THE cotton de-
partment of the Pacific Mills will be closed on Fri
,lav evening July g. for three weeks. and Will re-
sume work again on July 20 This decision Is made
independent OF other mills because believe II to
bc the only way open TO manufacturers seeking
relief from the unsatisfactory CONDITION or uae
af present cotton goods The shutdown VIII
affect about 900 operatives.
Providence. June 26-The Lonsdale Company and
y T. & Il Knight have signed the agreement 10
close their cotton mills alternate weeks during July
and August.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-06-27
SEIZED BY 4 REVENUE CUTTER.

THE VINONA CAPTURES THE CITY OF RICH
MOND AND THE THREE FRIENDS.
Key West, Fla, June 26.-This city was thrown
into q fever Of excitement this evening by the ar
rival of the steamer City OF Richmond, With all
her passengers and prize crew from the revenue
cutter Wn0na on board.
At this moment 90 p. m) the steamer Three
Friends Is coming up the harbor with an officer
from the cutter on board. No particulars are OBJ
taInable tonight. as no one Is allowed on board.
The failure Of the expedition Is due TO the
prompt action Of the customs officials