davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-12-03
FACTS FOR THE FARMERS.

The annual report OF the secretary oil
agriculture presents some facts which il
would be well for the farmers to study
instead OF reading SO much OF the cur.
rent literature of calamity. They will
discover by giving proper attention to
these Interesting statistics that, while
they may have causes of complaint, they
are by no means in such bad fix gener-
ally speaking, as the populist orators
and writer's are continually telling them.
For instance, out OF each 1000 farms in
the country only 2S2 ere mortgaged, and
three-fourths OF the money represented
by these mortgages WAS borrowed to
purchase or improve the rms thus in
numbered. The total liens upon lands
used for tillage and the production OF
crops aggregate. exclusive OF the mortga-
ges given by the railroads and other cor.
porations, less than one.sixth Of the to-
tai Indebtedness upon the real estate OF
the nation. Moreover, the heaviest farm
mortgage burden is not in the west and
south, where there is most complaint,
but in the east and northeast, where
there is comparatively little talk about
agricultural distress. Singularly enough
too, the average rate Of interest on farm
loans is not higher, as is persistently
claimed, but lower than the rate upon
other real estate loans.
When the western farmers are asked
to believe that their mortgaged proper
ty is decreasing in value, while their
debts remain the same, it is easy for
them to ascertain that such is Lot the
case. The statistics prove that there
has been steady maintenance Of land
values in nearly all sections and in some
decided enhancement. Between 1880
and $780," says Secretary Norton" 'the
increase of farming land values, as re-
ported by the occupants Of the farms
themselves, was more than enough to
Offset the entire interest charge for the
decade in most OF the great agricultural
states of the west and south In Kansas
and Nebraska the increase Of land val
ues in that period Of time exceeded the
entire farm incumbrance, principal and
interest; and in the states of Washington
and California it was nearly twice as
great as the combined principal and in
terest." or course, these facts do not
touch the question of the decline in the
prices of farm products, and do not signi-
fy that agriculture is as profitable as it
used to be; but they do show that the
case of the farmec is misrepresented
when it is said to be one of practical i'm
poverishment They are in debt to some
extent like other folks, but not more
than other folks; and the low prices
that they grumble about are to be seen
in all other lines of production. In
shot, they are the victims of general in.
fuences of depression, in common with
other classes; and the times will get bet
ter for them just as fast as the prosper
ity Of the country at large is restored
not by processes Of special legislation for
their benefit, but the operation Of natur-
al laws that apply to all kinds of bust
ness and all forms Of industry
Democrat.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-12-03

How many young men and young
women are cut off just as the future
seems brightest and fullest of PROMISE!
They are all taken away by the disease
which causes oxer one sixth Of all the
deaths in the world-the disease which
doctors call consumption. There is
absolutely no reason in the world why
consumption should be fatal-why it
should even be serious. It is disease
of the blood, and can be cured absolutely
and always by purifying and enrichining
the blood. The only exception to this
is the case where the disease has been
neglected and improperly treated until
it is stronger than the body-untll the
body has become so weak as to have lost
the ability to recuperats. DR.. Pierce's
Golden Medical Discovery will cure 90
per cent. of all cases of consumption if
used according to directions. 1t also
cures all lingering coughs, bronchial
and throat affections.
Send q cents in one cent stamps to
Worlds Dispensary Medical Association,
Buffalo, n. Y, and receive DIR. Pierce's
zoos page Common Sense Medical Adj
wiser, illustrated.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-12-03

Judge Apologize in the late term of
the district court in Adair county had a
colt case that may yet become as motor
ious as the famous Jones county calf
case. One Royal Guile, Of Corning,
went to the pasture Of one Chauncey
Sharp, of the vicinity Of Fontanelle. and
claimed a couple of colts. Sharp had
owned the colts from the time they were
first seen and known as colts and 30 felt
inclined to think that he had right to
those colts that white men had a right
to respect. On the trial OF the suitsof
Guiles for the colts, Sharp won. Guies
talks Of appealing .-Guthrian.
Here is the latest swindle that is be-
ing worked on the farmers. Swindler
No. calls upon the farmer with pat
ent wagon tongue and informs him that
he is on his way home, having made a
good thing out OF it and has only this
county to sell. He tells the farmer he
can have it for $3.50, end if he wants it
to write to him. In few days No. 2
comes along He has heard that the
farmer has the right Of the county for a
patent wagon tongue, as he has made
big thing out Of it in Pennsylvania,
wants to buy the right of the county
and offers the farmer $500, and pays $40
to bind the bargain. The farmer writes
No. and sends him his note for $3.50.
He never hears of neither Of the men
again, but his note comes up for collec-
tion in neighboring town and he Is
out $250.-Ex.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1896-11-12

Divide poultry into flocks of 20 birds
and have pens at least II feet square
for each flock. ] would build IL OF
Is feet wide and long enough to accom-
modate the number of hens wanted.
Construct a walk three feet wide the
length of the house, on the north side,
and have feed trough and water tank
in the walk and nest boxes next to the
walk SO as not to be obliged to go into
the pens except to care for droppings
under the roosts. Place nests over the
feed trough and screen in front to
darken them somewhat A room in
an end of the house will be convenient
for grain, oyster shells, road dust. coal
ashes, litter and material for setting
purposes. Hang floor by 6 feet about
feet above the ground in corner OF
the pen and put poultry netting around
to shut hens in that want to sit. Make
the building warm. Place two com
mon-sized windows in each pen. Ven
tilation should be provided at both tor
and bottom of pens. Make the parti
tions of netting except l = to , feet OF
bottom between the pens. Asa Child
in Farm and Home.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1896-11-12
scale. and Woody Aphis.

Scale-infested deciduous trees are
generally treated during the winter
months with the old reliable lime, salt
and sulphur, properly prepared and
applied, says Mr.. Austin, of Escondido.
One application will destroy the in
sects. The eottony cushion scale is
limited in this district, if any exist, at
present. Our remedy has been to cut
and burn all trees, plants and vines ill.,
tested.
Woolly aphis is treated above ground
with kerosene oil, applied with a
brush, and by placing wood ashes or
gas lime on the sruface around the
tree. Some orchardists have taken out
their trees that were infested. We are
fighting the Goblin moth by spraying
with arsenic spray soon after the fruit
is formed. by banding the trees with
burlap, for the purpose of catching the
Larvae, and by picking the infested
fruit and scalding it. By faithful
work by interesed parties we save from
seyenty-five to ninety per cent of our
fruit, although the Goblin moth is
gradually spreading from orchard to
orchard.
have placed this season several
large colonies of the Rhizobius in such
orchards as | think suitable for them
to colonize, hoping they will prove
beneficial. We have other lady birds
that are beneficial-the pilot lady bird
and the twice stabbed lady bird. At
present the little chalcide fly is our
most beneficial insect. / find its work
i'll all parts of the district.
Fumigating is not practiced at pres
ent in this district. Orchardists arr
generally opposed to the gas treat
ment, although | think it is the mos
available treatment for large trees, anc
believe it will be practiced again il
the near future.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1896-11-12
When to Forget Pests.

One of the best articles ON pests, we
have seen in some time is that read by
Mr.. Austin before the Farmers Insti-
tute. He says:
"The best time and means for fight
ing insect pests is broad subject with
a diversity of opinion. OF the $780,
900 fruit and nut trees that have in
spected in this Third Horticultural
District l find nineteen per cent of
them are infested with injurious in
seots.
1--WE are spraying our citrus trees
with kerosene emulsion and Stead's
tree wash. All the tree washes that
have used are effectual, providing
they are used at the right time. In
the first place trees that have not been
properly pruned are more apt to be
infested, more difficult to treat and
provide better protection for the in
sects. Before spraying, all useless
branches, dead wood. thick punches of
foliage and all branches lying ON the
ground should be removed and thus
better provide the tree with air and
sunshine. Science teaches us that
sunshine and air are both beneficial to
us. Why won't it apply to the tree
Our worst pest is the black scale. We
are spending more money fighting this
than all others combined. We are
spraying principally with kerosene
emulsion, with good results when APP
piled at the right time, and believe il
is the best wash Others use Stead's
tree wash. The young insects yield
readily to both. OF the former we
know of no bad results, of the latter
we often find both fruit and tree in.
jured.
THE best time to spray insects infest
ing citrus trees is wheel we find the
greatest number of young scale. As
the black scale is Matching during tn,
spring months. about the first of June
is desirable time to spray ard repeal
spraying as often as we find sutficien
young scale to Jcsitfy.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1896-11-12

The unprecedented failure of the
honey scrop this season in Southern
California has SO chilled the ardor of
many apiarists, says the California
Cultivator, that with some it is a COM
plete freeze out and total neglect of
the unfortunate little workers, who are
in nowise responsible for the calamity,
but deserving of the most tender care
and sympathy.
To facilitate their progress as the
weather grows cool let the entrance of
the hive be contracted (if large, clos
ing all cracks or openings that will
admit wind or rain. The honey board
(if one is usedl should be placed over
the brood chamber. In the absence
of honey board, cloth or heavy paper
may be substituted. When the top box
contains empty comb and perhaps
some honey, we have found it good
plan to let it remain and make small
entrance in the honey board so the
bees can pass up and protect the comb
against Iavages of the moth. We are
not given to prophecy, but will ven.
ture the prediction of early rains.
Should such be the case, then a little
feeding to stimulate breeding before
flowers make their debut is advised.
1t is to be hoped that another year
that the apiarist will not be again
driven down the cold stream of adver
sity without so much as drop O
nectar to sweeten hope, but that tn,
flood gates of prosperity may be lifted
and the golden bee ride triumphant,
upon the silvery sheen of sweet pros
perity 1 6 to better than in the past.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1896-11-12

provisions and minimize the labors Of
the Assessor.
Labor Commissioner Fitzgerald de-
clares that the convicts i'll Folsom and
San Quentin use $4,000 worth Of
tobacco every year, for which the State
pavs. He advises that convicts be
made to earn this tobacco, that they be
given money credits for their labor,
and that the tobacco be sold them at
current market rates.
Phil Waite. aged -. undertook TO
climb between a coal train at Puyal-
lup, Wash, when the train started,
throwing him under the cars inside the
rails. where ne lay fat on his face, try
ing to keep the brake beams from
striking him. This presence of mind
saved his life. His head and back
were cut and bruised quite severely.
Healdsburg grape growers have had
difficulty in securing labor. About
the LIST of October there was such a
rush in the vineyards to gather the
grapes Il at threatened to rot, that
enough laboring people could not be
found to supply the demand. Some
covers even offered twice what they
originally paid, and yet they could
scarcely increase their forces.
The medical branch of the N. q. G..
will ask the legislature to create de-
partment of which the surgeon general
will be the head, and provide an appro.
priation. Instead of the Colonel OF
each regiment appointing one surgeon
and an assistant as now, when n regi-
ment or battalion goes on trip a
detail will be sent from the depart.
ment.
The whaling bark John Winthrop
has returned to San Francisco after an
absence of thrity-one months. She
had only hard luck on the entire triT
and returned without any cargo. Tc
add to her troubles part of the crew
mutinied and deserted while Others
died. The captain says sailing vessels
are useless in the Arctic regions, AZ
the currents are too strong to manage
them.
Miss Beatrice Harraden, the English
writer and author of "Ships That Pass
in The Night" has sailed for England.
She has been in the United States
nearly year, and expressed herself
as being delighted with her visit. She
thinks western people very interesting
(having spent part of her time in Cal.
ifornial, and the climate wonderful.
She obtained material for book dur
ing her visit to this part of the United
States.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1896-11-12
MAKING SlLHOUETTES.
Some Instruction In the Art of Produe
ing These Old Time Favorites.

Some Instruction In the Art of Produe-
ing These Old Time Favorites.
Even in the enlightened days when
the art of photography has advanced so
very near to perfection there are still
some old fashioned people who cling
with fondness to these silhouettcs. One
great thing i'll their favor is that the
least clever among us may, with little
patience and steady hand, find in them
a pleasing recreation and soon become
adroit i'll their execution. But there
may be some of our young readers who
scarcely know what Il silhouette is, and
such unenlightened persons we will en-
deavor briefly to instruct in the almost
forgotten art. A few sheets of drawing
paper, a pencil and u lamp are all the
essentials needed TO commence opera
TONS
The operator first fixes n sheet Of pa.
per to the wall by inserting pin in
each corner, Then the person whose
likeness, or silhouette, is to he taken
is seated in a chair close to the wall in
such position as to throw Il distinct
shadow OF his profile Gas near life size
as possible) on the center of the paper.
To secure steadiness wine glass or
some such support is placed between his
head and the wall-for the slightest
movement often causes failure. Having
arranged these matters satisfactorily, the
operator proceeds to sketch with % pen
ell the head and profile of the sitter,
and this requires steady hand and
some dispatch, as it is 10 easy matter
to sit In one position for great length
OF time perfectly motionless. When the
sketch is concluded, little skill will be
needed to bring the task to an end. The
operator has only with sharp penknife
to cut out the head in the line of the
pencil mark. The center part is then
thrown aside and the other paper laid
ON piece of black cloth, which throws
out the features boldly, and if sufficient
care has been taken striking likeness
will DO the reward. Happy Thoughts.
Tobacco was first grown for export in
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1896-11-12
FOR THE FARMERS.
Some Interesting News for the
RuraliSt.
SPOKEN OF IN THIS COLUMN.
A Few Sensible Hints TO Suit the Busy
AgrIeuIturist.-Ite That May
Benefit our Readers.
Handling Lemons.

Ordinarily lemons allowed TO re-
main on the tree after a certain point
deteriorate with more or less rapidity
according to soil. location, season of
the year and condition of the trees,
says w. r. Gunnis, Horticultural Com
missioner, San Diego Co., in the San
Diego Sun. This point must in a
measure, be determined by the judg-
ment and observation of the grower.
No ironclad rule can be laid down.
Picking and handling should be done
with the greatest care imaginable.
This is the most vital point of the
whole question, and, / am sorry to
say, apparently less understood by the
majority of our growers than any
other. Lemons should be picked pre-
ferably into baskets and never poured
from one receptacle to another. A
lemon dropped ON the ground ought
never be placed among those to be
shipped any distance.
The fruit should be left under the
trees if possible, or at any rate i'll the
open air, though perfectly shaded, fol
at least As hours to season, and must
never be hauled on a wagon without
springs.
When the fruit is picked at full
maturity in size and to some extent
colored it will not shrink in storage OIL
transit as an immature lemon always
will. But when it has become ripe
the fruit juice grows less. the percen
tage of citric acid decreases and o
sugar increases, the pulp dries away
from the center, leaving a hollow
space, and the rind is apt to becom
pithy and bitter.
The seasoning" in the open air i
highly important, and if there is an,
process which helps to preserve tn
fruit, that is, put it into a condition t.
last, it is this, and not touring.
The longer it crues the shorter tim
will it stand up for the dealer. B.
open air mean where there is perfec
circulation; if not under the trees i
may be under shed, but, of course
the fruit must be protected from su
or rain from the very moment it
taken from the tree. If left under tn
trees, haul to packing or store hous
early in the morning when cool, nc
) in the evening.
) If these details are adhered to an
our storage houses properly ventilate
4 we will have no mold, nor the brow
= fungus which eats into the rind an
5 spreads all over the lemon.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1896-11-12
DELICIOUS RUSK.
How This Dry and sweotened Bread Is
Satisfactorily Made.

How This Dry and sweotened Bread Is
Satisfactorily Made.
A dried rusk is pastoral sort Of
bread, recalling the feastS of Phyllis and
Corydon under the green trees, with
plenty of berries and flowing bowls Of
milk. These dried breads date back to
the earliest classic times, when for con-
venience large quantities of bread We're
baked and prepared SO that it would
keep long time.
German rusk is usually slightly sweet,
but the time honored recipe here given
is made without sugar and is especially
delicious when served with creamy
glass of iced milk in summer. Ii may
be eaten fresh, as it is an excellent bis.
cult.
Add half cupful of butter to pint
Of lukewarm milk. Sift enough bread
-Four, with u teaspoonful of salt, to make
batter about as stiff as you can stir it.
Beat i'll half eupful of homemade
yeast or half yeast cake, and finally
add two eggs and beat the batter until
it is in blisters. In summer it should
not rise over eight or ten hours, accord
ing to the weather. In the morning add
merely enough flour TO roll out the
dough. Let it rise two hours; then roll
it out until it is little less than half
an inch thick. Cut it into small cakes
and put one on top of the other until
they are all paired. and let them rise
1 for half an hour longer. At the end of
this time bake them for about 20 min
utes i'll quick oven. When they arc
cooled little, separate the cakes and
pile them loosely in large dripping
pan, with their soft side up. Set them
i'll the closet under the oven, to become
thoroughly dry, for II day or two and
then hang them up i'll bag III the
kitchen near the range, to 'cure, " fol-
three or four days longer Where there
is no range closet under the oven, the
rusk may be put in the oven at night
after the fire is covered and the drafts
turned off and left till morning. They
will not he very much browned-merely
dried and crisp. Like all rusk, these
biscuits are better for keeping weel
or even a fortnight
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1896-11-12

Some three months ago new shaft
was completed in the San Gabriel
River bed at point few rods above
the old shaft where the entire flow of
the river is dropped about eighty feet
into the tunnels and carried under
ground about two miles to the irrigat-
ing bitches of Azusa and Duarte.
From the bottom of the new shaft a
continuation of the old tunnel has been
pushed fifty-three feet northward
through solid rock recently with the
hope of developing more water. Fail
ing in this the workmen were ordered
to start gravel tunnel on an 1S-foot
level above the bottom of the new
shaft. This was done and the work
pushed 143 feet without finding water.
1t is regarded as conclusive that there
is little more hope of increasing the
water by further tunneliDg at this
point and the committee in charge OF
the work has discontinued the force OF
men that has been operating there fol
several weeks.
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1896-11-12

contrary to the theory upon which the
fruit industry has generally been en-.
couraged in this State. 1t has been
assumed that the fruit industry meant
the greatest possible subdivision Of
land holdings and profitable work for
the farmer and his family. And it
would seem that this would be the
case. The large Orchardist cannot
possibly compete with the small
orchardist ON equal terms.
But he does not compete ON equal
terms. EHe has the advantage of capt.
tai. which gives him leisure, and he
uses his brains. He is usually better
business man. and investigates before
he acts. Among the things which the
large orchsrdist knows more about
than the small one is the importance OF
so planting as to assure the pollinatior
of all his trees. There are very..fe
large orchards in which this is not
carefully provided for. There are very
few small ones in which it has been
given much thought, although it il
true that the habit of small growers to
fill their orchards with mixed lots OF
trees in measure makes this good
1t is surprising to learn how many
varieties of fruit there are which will
not fertilize themselves, or only do sc
very imperfectly. Many varieties Of
Strawberries have no pistillate flowers
and so common fruit as the Bartlett
pear will bear very lightly unless othel
varieties are planted with it. Almonds
notoriously require this treatment
The Pioche weekly record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1877-1900, 1896-11-12


works. The cost of transporting them
ate up large share Of the profits of
the mine, the ore of which is very rich
in sulphurets. The new plant is of the
latest and most approved pattern and
was erected under the supervision of
the man who did most of that class Of
work for the Utica Company. A new
duplex air compressor has been added.
When the California Miners Asso-
citation meets in San Francisco in con-
vention November 10 it will be the
largest and most representative gather
ing ois mining men ever assembled ON
the coast. The increased interest i'll
the convention this year is due to the
TACT that the field of business will be
broader than ever. Heretofore the
ASSOCIATION has devoted its time and
energies to correcting the bad features
IN the State and Federal laws dealing
with hydraulic mining, railroad occu-
pancy OF mineral lands. etc. At the
next gathering the interests of the
quartz miner will be considered and
steps taken to improve his condition.
This was not overlooked in the past,
but the association had to take up one
feature at time in order to accom-
pllsh anything. Now that the quertz
mining interests are to be taken i'll
hand, miners from the hills as we'll as
the river bottoms, will be present and
to the full representation allowed
one delegate to each ten members OF
the county associations.