davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-09-16
THE CULTURE SOLUTION.

knowing the character of the solution
which is used for testing the nitrifying
vitality of the ferments In the soil. A
solution which we have found very use
full for this purpose is composed OF the
following constituents: Potassium phos-
phate, one gram; magnesium sulplate,
half gram; ammonium sulphate, two
tenths gram; calcium chloride, trace,
and calcium carbonate in excess of the
amount which will be necessary to COM
bine with all the nitric acid produced
from the ammonium sulphate present.
The above quantities Of materials are
dissolved or suspended in one litre (about
one quartz of water, and one-tenth of
this volume is used for each culture
solution. This quantity is placed in an
Erlenmeyer flask, which is then ster
illzed, after stoppering with cotton, by
being kept at the temperature Of boiling
water for an hour on three successive
days. The flask itself, before using,
should be thoroughly sterilized by heat
ing to 3OOo +. for an hour.
The calcium carbonate employed in
the above culture solution should not be
prepared by finely grinding marble or
chalk, but in chemical way by precipi-
tation. 1t is best thoroughly sterlized
separately and then added to the flask
Immediately before seeding. The ster-
ilzed spoon which is used for seeding
holds, approximately, half a gram
of the soil. This spoon is filled from
the contents of one of the freshly opened
sample tubes, underneath a glass hood,
the plug of cotton is lifted from the
steriliZed flask, and the contents of the
spoon quickly introduced and the plug
of cotton replaced. While the above
details are we'll known to the practical
bacteriologist, they are not appreciated,
as rule, by the general reader. From
the numerous inquiries concerning this
process which have been received at the
department it is believed that the above
brief outline of the method of procedure
of securing samples Of soil and seeding
steriIized solutions Herewith will be
useful.
NOTING THE PROGRESS OF INTERPOLATION.
1t will be seen from the above descrip-
ton that the object of the tests in ques-
tion is to determine the activity and
strength of the nitrous and nitric organ
isms alone, inasmuch as the process
begins with an ammoniacal salt. At
the end of five days from the time of the
first seeding portion of the solution is
withdrawn in sterilized pipette for the
purpose of determining whether or not
the process of nitri6cation has COM
menced. and if so, to what extent it has
proceeded. This may be accomplished
by either determining whether any am
monia has been destroyed or whether
any nitrous or nitric acids have been
produced. These processes are of a
purely chemical, technical nature and
therefore would not be properly de-
scribed in this place. In the case of an
active and fertile soil the nitritying pro-
cess begins promptly, and, as a rule,
continue with undated vigor until the
whole of the nitrogen present in the
ammonium salt is converted into nitric
acid. In very favorable circumstances
this object will be accomplished in
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-09-16

active, attending considerable rise o
temperature. After the fifth week thu
nitrous acids began to disappear, being
converted into nitric acid. The horizon
tai position, however, of the continuous
line shows that no additional nitrous
acid was formed from the ammonis
during the sixth week. During the
seventh week there was no activity
either of the nitrous or the nitric fer
ment. During the eighth and ninth
weeks both ferments were again active
the nitrous acid being converted into
nitric as soon as formed.
The second diagram Zig. y gives the
variations in temperature of the closet
where the nitridcation took place dur.
ing the whole time of observation. The
upper line represents the maximum and
the lower the minimum temperatures at
the time mentioned. It will be seen by
comparing the two diagrams that there
is in general quite marked agreement
degree of temperature. This is shown
by the slow rate of nitriicarion during
the third and fourth weeks and the
rapid rate during the fifth week.
1t is evident that many conditions be.
yond the control of the operator may
serve to render the observations upon
the rate of notification somewhat unre
liable, but in general the data of nitrifi-
cation properly ascertaired will give an
unerring insight into the character OF a
soil as affecting It's ability to furnish
nitrogen to the growing plant, and hence
to that extent to the degree of it's fer
tility.
PREPARATION OF PURE CULTURES.
1t is evident from an inspection Of the
proc esses mentioned above that the fer
ments which are obtained in the culture
solutions are not confined to the nitrous
and nitric organisms. All the ferments
which the sample Of soil may have con.
tanned Of every description suited to
grow in the culture solution employed
will be developed. The solution. there
fore, after the nitrification is complete,
contains not only the nitrous and nitric
micro-organisms, but also all the other
bacteria contained in the original sam
pie capable of growing in the environ
ment provided. 1t IS probable that IN
different parts of the country and al
different ATTITUDES the species of nitrify'
ing ferment may vary, and therefore, il
is of great Importance to continue the
examination of these bacteria until pure
cultures are obtained. The methods Of
securing these are so technical and Of sc
purely archaeological nature as to ex
clude them from description here. i
will be sufficient to say that these pure
cultures are obtained by seeding new
cultures directly from the solutions OBJ
tanned in the notifications produced by
the soil as described This work is con
tlnued until all the disturbing bacteris
are elimin ated, and there are left only
those which will produce under favora
BILE circumstances the nitrous and nitric
lamentations alone.
SUMMARY.
l. Conclusions which are easily de
rived from the above data are that thu
soil is not merely dead, inert matter
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-09-16
Soil Ferments in Agriculture.
No. 8.

BY DIR. III. w. WILEY.
Chief of the Division OF Chemistry; U. 8. De-
partment OF Agriculture.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-09-16

srect of their nitrifying power. If after
four or five weeks no trace of nitrifice-
tion has been found, the soils are con-
sidered as being practically deficient in
nitrifying ferments. This often hap
pens with samples taken at depth of
three or more feet, or even in the case of
surface soils or others subjected to con-
ditions inimical to Preventative life.
REPRESENTATION OF THE DATA OBTAINED.
In the actual work which has been
done in this department to follow the
progress of nitrification in culture solu-
lions it has been found convenient to
determine the rate of the Preventative
change by the determination Of the
nitrous and nitric acids produced. 1t is
evident that in the process of fern enta
tion three cases may arise. IL the first
place, the nitrous fermentation may
occur first, and after its completion the
nitric may TO low it. This is condition
which evidently would rarely arise, and
could only occur when the nitrus fer
ment was present in such a predomina-
ting quantity as to subdue and restrain
the vitality Of the nitric ferment. In
the second place, the two lamentations
could go on spontaneously, and in this
case the solution when tested would
never contain more than the merest
trace of nitrous acid. This condition Of
affairs wonld only occur when the two
fermenGs were present in about equal
mum bers and endowed with equal vital
ity. In the third place, and this is the
one which commonly occurs, the two
lamentations go on spontaneously, but
at first the nitrous fermentation is more
vigorous, so that there may be consld-
cradle accumulation Of nitrous acid IN
the solution. After a few weeks the
nitric fermentation begins to gain in
vitality by reason of the fact that the
raw material on which the nitrous fer
ment worked has become nearly ex-
hausted. The quantity of nitrous acid,
uuOIOAOIc3 WulOA was du AL0U AOA mCu
would gradually begin to disappear,
and finally, if the examination be con-
tinued long enough, be reduced to zero
at or before the time when the total
amount of nitrogen present would be
converted into nitric acid
In order to represent the progress of
the fermentation, it has been found
most convenient to use the graphic form
of illustration. The method of doing
this is illustrated in the accompanying
chart Zig. y, showing the progress of
nitriication in a sample of soil taken at
depth of fifteen inches below the sur
face. on the 9th of April, 1895, at the
Canebreak station in Alabama. The
culture solution was seeded with sam
pie of this soil on the Sd of May, and the
progress of nitrifcationis represented in
the chart. The figures in the perpen-
dicular column on the left represent the
parts per million of nitrous or nitric
acid. The continuous line represents
the sum of the nitrous and nitric acids.
The dotted line represents the nitrous
acid in the solution. At any given time
the actual amount of nitric acid present
can by found by taking the difference
between the continuous and dotted lines.
Thus, at the end of the fifth week it is
seen that there were nearly four parts of
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-09-16

FTORID A up,tto-d date Hor tIa4 ra
present of the fruit industry. Experience and
opinion of 400 leading growers, Latest practice
and best methods OF culture. Most recent exper
fence in orchard and market with varieties new
and old. authoritative work by State Horticul-
tural Society. Send 81 for "last Annual" to A.
H, Manville. Secretary, Glen st. Mary, Fla.
FRUIT GROWING.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-09-16

EOHN L. MUCK OLS, dealer in Improved and
- Unimproved Real Estate, DeLand, Fla.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-09-16

l. Wild Land, Large or Small properties-Some
in the Indian River section. Send for circular.
G. P. WILLIAMS, Oviedo, Fla.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1896-09-16
Real Estate Directory.

d EST BARGAINS ever given in orange groves
ID houses. city lots, improved and unimprOved
lands. Call on or address II. A. DeLand, De-
Land, Fla.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13

France is evidently bound to let
no guilty man escape in connec-
ton with the Panama Canal scan
dals. Emile Arton is the latest to
suffer, having just been sentenced
to six years at hard labor. He
was supposed to be the go-between
of those who paid and those who
received brides confluence legis-
lation. Being an actor he was a
master of DISCUSSES, by which he
eluded justice for a long time but
he was discovered in England and
extradited from that country.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13
6b2 EvePi29 Bulleti3,
DANIEL LOGAN. Editor.
MONDAY, JULY ID, 1896.

While the Hawaiian Legisla-
ture at its late regular session re-
affirmed the constitutional doc
trine of annexation, the Legislators
were never given the satisfaction
of being informed of what pro-
gress or even efforts the Govern
ment was making toward bring
ing about the desired consumma-
ton. This paper called attention to
the omission, too, in time to have
it rectifed. This country is pay
ing for two high rank representa-
tives at Washington and ought to
be informed from time to time as
to what they are doing, especially
with regard to the professedly
chief end of their commission.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13
IN THE POLICE COURT.
Proceedings Before His Honor Judge
wilcox This Morning.

In the District Court this morn
ing Moses Kalua and Annie Ma
mana paid the usual fine for the
privilege of getting drunk on Sat
urday night, while Mr.. Mcmillan
forfeited six dollars rather than
face the stern majesty of the law
as personifed by Judge w. L..
Wilcox.
Sing King, who was arrested by
officer Sea on the corner of Pau
ahi and Smith streets and charg.
ed with having opium in posses
sion, was tried and found not
guilty.
Iopa pleaded guilty of larceny in
the second degree in Honolulu on
July 9, 1896, by feloniously stealing
taking and carrying away twenty
pounds of brass, the property Of
the Inter. island Steam Navigation
Company, valued at $50, this be-
ing his third offense, and receiv-
ed the full penalty of the law, be-
ing two years at hard labor.
Wa, charged with the same Of
Tense, also pleaded guilty, but in
his case sentence was suspended
until moved on by the prosecu-
ton.
The cases of Macerio Men
donca, assault and battery, and
G, Perreira, profanity and threat
ening language, were put off to
the 18th.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13
IN THE HIGHER COURTS
DECISION AGAINST RE.ARGUMENT
OF CATHOLIC MISSION CASE.
Receiver Appointed In summer w.
Caundell-ysrious Matters
In Probate.

The Supreme Court, by Justice
Whiting, has rendered a unani-
nous opinion on the case of
Joseph Vierra, plaintiff, VS.. Gull
stan F. Ropert, Bishop of Pano
polls, V. A., and Emil Very, de-
PENDANTS. Following Kenway VS..
Motley, 5 Haw. 1913, the Court de-
clined to allow a re-argument.
This cause was heard on appeal at
the March term, 1896, of the Su-
preme Court, and a decision filed
affirming the decision of the Cir
cult Court in favor Of defendants.
At this June term the plaintiff
moved for re-argument for diff
ferent reasons, chiefly that the
order of judgment was granted
under a mistake and misappre-
hension as to the facts on the re-
cord, that the fraud practiced on
the plaintiff had been overlooked
by the Court, that the technical
rules of law had been applied to
a contract that should have been
considered by the liberal rules of
equity, that the Court omitted to
consider the allegations of frand
and estoppel raised in the case,
and that the seven promises, oral
and written, made at different
times during a long period of
years should have been construed
together. The Court finds that
all the points in the appellants
motion were fully considered in
the previous decision, therefore
decides in favor of the defendants
as above stated. G.. f. Little for
plaintiff; +. NJ. Wakefield and p.
Neumann for defendants.
Judge Carter has admitted the
will of Ma o W, to probate and APP
pointed Keliiahananui as admins
traitor under 500 bond. Kane
for petitioner.
Judge Perry has appointed j.
o. Carter as receiver of all prop
erty belonging to J.K.Sumner, in
his suit by his next friend, Maria
S. Davis, against NJ. f. Crandell.
Albert X. Nawahi petitions for
the appointment of his father,
Joseph Nawahi, as guardian of
his person and his estate.
Pal Kamaka, guardian of Ka-
maka minors, petitions for leave
to buy real estate for homo and
for the wards.
Maluaikoo, guardian of Stephen
M. Barrett, minor, of Kealakekua,
files his second annual account,
showing: receipts $500, pay
ments S4O.4O, balance due guard
ian $1,000.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13

My Maryland" had lynching
bee late in June, or a few days
after the Republican national
convention condemned such law
lessness. The victim was held on
a charge of numbering his wife
and her sister, and, on affidavits
that he could not get a fair trial
in his own county, the venue
had been changed. If the Federal
Government would disfranchise
as to national representation dis
tricts that cannot preserve the
decent forms of justice, there
would be an end of these
scandalous murders by masked
and petticoated gangs of men.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13
Prince Ludwig of Bavaria ha

Prince Ludwig of Bavaria has
made his peace with Emperor
William for his declaration of
princely independence made in an
after dinner speech delivered in
Moscow. AT the same time, it is re-
lated, the Princes heroic utter
ance is perpetuate1 in medal
struck at Munich. Emperor Will
liam may yet come to recognize
that the princes of the individual
States of Germany are more valu-
able to imperial unity cherished
as allies than held as vassals.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13

National quarantine officers have
been placed at the principal ports
of the United States, relieving
local quarantine officials of the
responsibilities of quarantining
1t is right that the Federal Gov
eminent should thus assume the
duty Of guarding the whole nation
against epidemics, which are liza
BILE to attack it from any point of
the compass.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13
Citizens of San Francisco q,

Citizens of San Francisco are
eagerly at work getting up the
Carnival of the Golden Gate. The
carnival contagion is likely
enough to reach Honolulu and
there is no reason for quarantine
against it. A carnival with aqua
tic features prominent, having its
climax. on Regatta Day, might,
with a months clear notice on the
Pacific Coast, bring a great many
visitors here. ..
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13
NOTICE.

Notice is hereby given that the
undersigned have on the 25th day
of June, A. d, 1896, purchased
from Messrs. Wong Chong and
Ng Gang, Assignees of the estate
of Ting Sang Wal Co., La bank
ruptl of Wailua, Island Of Kauai,
H. l., all leases, buildings, horses,
oxen, pigs, fowls, tools, imple-
ments and everything connected
with the above named Ting Sang
Wal Co. Rice Plantation.
Dated at Honolulu, June Oath,
1896.
CHEONG HUNG Wal GO.
339-fm
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13

ambassador Bayard continues
to deliver messages of peace and
good will from the heart of Am
erica to that of England, in spite
of the partisan snarling of Con-
gress at his candid expressions of
the political sentiments that pre-
vailed at last presidential election.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
! First Circuit, Hawaiian Islands. In the
matter of the Bankruptcy of Nee Lee. do.
ing business in Honolulu and Lahaina..
Creditors of the said Bankrupt are hereby
notified to come in and prove their debts
before the Clerk of the Circuit Court of the
lst Circuit, at the Court House, in Homo.
lulu, on MONDAY, the Goth day of July,
1896, between the hours Ct ~ O'Clock in
the forenoon and noon of the said day, and
elect an Assignee of the said BanEnpt's
Estate.
BY the Court;
GEORGE LUCAS,
35O-6t Clerk.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13
B. F. Ehlers & Go :, Fort Street
y wv. DIMOND,S

Put a ring around the word
- opportunity the occasion
n lakes it. Never in the his.
7 DRY of mercantile transac-
lions in Honolulu have the
people had such golden
opportunity to select a lamp
as to-day. A manufacturer
who had more than he knew
what to do with, more than he
had space to put them, wrote
US of his troubles. We had
none of our own so we
listened to him. Our stock of
lamps is the result of his tale
of woe and you get the benefit.
A black lamp that will give
a bright light is not fad, but
a style that will remain until
New Hawaii" shall become
old. Being sombre in color
they furnish with any decora-
lions you may have in your
room and any color shade that
suits your fancy will look
well on the lamp.
For dinner table nothing
furnishes the table better than
black banquet lamps. We have
them, not cumbersome, but of
a height that will beautify
rather than detract from the
other features. We have piano
lamps, hall lamps, boudoir
lamps and every other character
of lamp that ever was made.
The prices are so low that
it would injure our business
to put them in this column.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13

Seattle beer is the proper food
for old and young. 1t restores
the elasticity and bloom of youth
to the aged and infrm, and will
cue consumption, if you take
enough. n
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13
Timely Topics
REFRIGERATING MACHlN
AND CREAM SEPA-
RATORS.

NOW that the Fourth OF July
celebration is over and people
are settling down to business
again, we desire to call the
attention of the residents of
the Hawaiian Islands to a few
matters of interest.
We have lately been ap-
pointed sole agents for BAR
BER'S REFRIGERATING MA
CHIMES.
This machine can readily be
arranged in creamerieS, ETC., so
as to cool cream, milk and
water to any desired tempera-
ture down to and below freez-
ing, as also to hold a we'll
insulated butter-room at any
temperature desired above 80
degrees, only requiring the
running of the machine from
four to six hours per day,
which is the usual time that
the other machinery in a
creamery is operated.
In addition to creameries,
these machines are also adapted
for use in produce houses,
meat markets, hotels, club
houses, etc. Their perfect work
has been demonstrated fully
in the past two years in a large
number of creameries in differ
ent portions of the East, and
more particularly in the EIgin,
ILL.,, district, as we'll as in butter
houses in Chicago, New Or
leans, ana elsewhere.
The cost of operation is no.
minal, as the charge of ammo
MIA furnished with the plant |
should last a year or more
without recharging, and will
cost only about $500
The DE LAVAL CREAM |
SEPARATORS are now in al |
most universal creamery or
factory use the world over, |
and in the past few years the
Dairy or Baby" sizes of these
machines have almost as COM
pletely revolutionized general
dairying as had the larger
machines previously the cream
cry industry.
The De Laval Company now
to the public a smaller
type of its latest and most
improved alpha" machines
intended for household and
small dairy use, and designed
to confer in its new field the
same ineStimable benefits of
centrifugal separation of cream
from milk as have the larger
in their respective
spheres.
No more fitting and deS-
Criptive term could we'll be
applied to this little machine
than the name which has been
SC, aptly given 1.-THE "Hum-
1t is very small,
very compact, extremely sim
pie, easily understood and
cared for, safe and durable. 1t
possesses every advantage to
be found in any of the larger
Alpha machines, is so ex-
tremely easy of operation by
reason of its new method Of
obtaining motion as to be
designed mainly for use by
women and children, and IS
absolutely thorough in its
effectiveness. 1t need simply
be said that it fuIflls every
of its purpose.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13

A dispatch from Buluwnyo
says that a brother of DR.. James
on of the Transvaal raid had been
murdered by the Mashonas.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13
DECEPTIOrI I.

+ A man who had something to sell and WI by honest
representation lost the sae would according to deporable
standard otoday lack essential in the make up sales
man.
There is bat way,o guard against nsrepresen-
taton in business it to suppan article of ch merit that
its superior qualities leave nothing to be desired The truth
adequately describes such article th N a lie could
possibly do
To putinfeor goods into the handssofa aesman whose
living is contingent their sae is to lead that man into
temptation There is but one way to stop @ sale of liquor
and inferior merchandise and that is to- abnh sh their manu-
acture
The manufacturer Of Shoe whodbesT Ut put his name
on it, thus guaranteeing it, can't sell Shoes to
The Manufacturers ! Shoe Co.,
[EXCLUSEVELY SHOEsJ
Big Shoe Stofe. tpEO IL street.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-13

MR.. J. Q. WOOD has this day been APP
pointed Notary Public for the First Judi.
cial Circuit Of the Hawaiian Islands.
j. A. KING,
Minister of the Interior.
Interior Office, July 9, 1896. 35l.3t