The Portland daily press., 1896-01-09
INSIGNIA OF THE CARDlNALAT E.
Description of the Zucchetta, Berretta an,
Fisherman's Hat.

Insignia TO F6cS1Ve-GQ6 fisherman s
hat. This will be placed upon his head
by the Pope himself when he. goes to
Rome. The right of the cardinals to
wear the scarlet, or fisherman's, hat was
granted by Pope Innocent Nv. in 1874
The Pope places the hat upon the head
of the Cardinal to signify that he is to
consecrate his mental aoquirements to
the service of the church, and it's color
signifies that the wearer must be pre-
pared to lose the last drop of his blood
rather than betray his trust. The fisher
mans hat is round in form, with low
crown and wide brim, from tho inside of
which hang fifteen tassels, attached in a
triangle form, one to five; or, in other
words, it may be said to RESIN BILE in form
an old fashioned peasants sun hat, with
a broad, fiat brim, having on either side
of it a number of tassels netted toge ther
with silk cord. The hat is now used but
twice, once when the Cardinal receives
it in consistory, and next when it rests
on the oatafalque at his obsequiss. 1t
Is then suspended from the ceiling of the
chapel or aisle of the church froIu which
he may be buried. Cardinals have not
lnfrequently been called upon to carry
into execution the resolutions they make
upon the reception of the hat. So IN 1919,
Frederick IL. upon his return from
Rome. where he had been crowned with
great pomp by Pope Honorious, ordered
the execution uf several cardinals for
speaking out too boldly in defense of
ecclesiastical privileges. 1t was in COM
memoratlon OF the violent death of these
man thai TnDQcant Nv Orapta1 bo rriv-
ilege of wearing the red hat They first
wore the insignia of the office in 1916 in
the city OF Cluny at the meeting of limo
cent x. and Louis of France. limo
cent x. decreed in 1914 that no cardinal
should place his own family coat -of-arms
upon his coach or over the door OF his
church in conjunction with The hat and
OIL r insignia .of the cardina ate but
Clement XI. revoked this, SO That car
dinals, If they choose, can use their own
crest and oat-Of-arms. In olden times
the cardinals wore their hats when they
went out riding. In the south gallery
of the Peabody Institute. Cardinal Duprat
is represented al thus attired when en-
tering sens, the chief city Of his diocese.
Now The cardinals in Italy going out on
ly wear the ordinary black hat with
tassel, though on state occasions the hat
is sometimes of scarlet hue.
The zucchetta, from the Italian Zuc-
cha, Gourd, is small, closely fitting
skull cap shaped like saucer, and of req
color. The zuochetta is indifferently
known by the several names, calotte,
pileolus, berrettino and submitrale. 1t
is called carlotte in French, from it's
resemblance to shell. Berrettino is q
diminutive berretta, and it received it's
"submltrale" from uhei act that it used
to be generally worn under the bishops
INTER- Commonly it is called zucchetta
If new cardinal is ashenJ from Rome
zuchetta is sent to him by member
OF the Noble Guard, as was done in the
case OF Cardinal Satoiii. The guard is
charged with a special letter from the
secretary Of state, I announcing the
elevation This presentation was made
to Cardinal Satolli at Washington, and
is seldom, if ever, made in church, and
in his case was made at the Catholic
legation.
The berretta is square cap with three
or four wings or prominenoes, accord
Ing to rank, rising from it's crown, The
berretta of a priest has three wings; that
of prelate four. When first introduce d,
which is generally supposed to have been
soon after the ninth century, it had
none of these corners but was plant and
pain, something like an ordinary cap,
The difficulty, however, of putting it on
and taking it off the head was sometimes
very great, and hence it was deemed adj
visable to have it SO fashioned that it
could be used without trouble. This led
to the introduction of the wings. A car
dinal's berretta is red, and made of silk.
Cardinals alone wear the berretta of
red color, for Pope Paul II. who gran ted
this privilege. prohibited, under the
most rigorous condemnation, anyone
from adjoining his head with like orna-
ment. The berretta Is sent to distant
cardinals bysan ALLOCATE or spiritual pom
tifoal messenger who must be one of the
Pope's private chamberlains.