The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-08-22

the parts before printing them. The
chief of his works are First Principles:
The Principles of Biology, the Princi-
pies of Psychology, the Principles of So
coiolgy, the Data of Ethics. In each of
these he dropped the plummet deeper
than the specialists in it. His 'educa-
ton was merely a chip from his work
shop. You will find it very interesting.
You may agree with him; you may op
pose hefn: but you cannot ignore him in
any line of thought
His first care is to find what educa-
ton is, and what it's purpose is. He
one does for himself plus everything
that is done for him. And that the
purpose of conscious education is to
conduce to complete living He then
asks what branches should be taught
and what order to fit a man for COM
plete living-in his relations to him
self, to his neighbor, to his nation, to
humanity Were intellectual knowl-
edge will not make man" Here the
bell for the next class interrupted Mr..
Scott. Many of the class urged him to
continue. Not wishing to interfere with
the Tonic Sol Fa class he closed his lee
ture, but the end is not to be lost. It
will be finished Monday.
DR.. Lyons, evening lecture was upon
the contour of the Islands. A kind of a
map that it is we'll for pupils to make
as we'll as the weather maps we have
spoken of is a map of eights-letting
the lines of different elevations run as
they do on the land. For most lands
this is very difficult, but for the Island
of Hawaii it is easy, as the peaks of the
high mountains are centres of concen-
trio lines almost exactly circular.
The geologic formation of an island
may also be represented on a map by
drawing the volcanic part with one
kind Of lines, that made by water action |
with another, etc. 1t is well too to have
the pupils make cross sections of the |
islands and continents This can be |
done by taking, the heights and laying
it out proportionally with the attitude |
a little greater or in case of large con-
tinent a good deal greater than the
length proportionally.. 1t is better, how
yer, to begin, at least, with the Islands, |
and Hawaii is the easiest of these.
A contour drawn along the base of
one of the Hawaii mountains not far
from the shore will be full of ''v'' shaped
valleys. On Oahu on the other hand
has older and hence wider valleys. Ha
Waii has few streams, on account of the |
character of the material Of volcanic
mountain when young. Plants, largely
ferns, are already growing on the lava
of 1881. That of 1853 is covered with |
brush-some trees. This comes at first |
from the moisture, oxygen and carbonic |
acid in the air, and after much faster |
from the vegetable acids. Thus the |
rock on top becomes soil.
Land is cut out more, much more by |
streams. This is because the water |
it's action. A stream twice |
as fast will carry siXty-four times as
much material. So swift current car
ries much down the mountain side and
leaves it on more 'ovel ground. But
the rock is so porOU n Hawaii that it
absOrbs a very higl aercentage of the
rainfall.
The average altitude OF Asia is about
2600 ft. of North America and Africa
1000, Europe 1000, Hawaii 5000, Maui
2600, Oahu and Kauai 1000. 1t is read
lily seen that the average attitudes here
are greater here than in the continents.
This is more especially true if we con-
slider the proportion of the greatest
height to the average height.
Another point of difference in the
islands Of Hawaii and Oahu is the cliffs
by the sea in the former and the scare
ity of cliffs in the latter case. This is
partly due to the rise of Oahu from the
sea thus taking the old sea cliffs in
land.
Originally of course the islands had |
no ravines and no cliffs. To understand
the history we must reconstruct and
then discover how cut down from the
original dome form. For this study re-
lief maps are needed. l wish the survey
office could finish the series they have,
and the Department of Education could
furnish copies to the schools.
For temporary modelling sand is per-
haps the best substance. For perIna-
nent work 1 like plaster of Paris. A
very good and chap permanent SUB |
stance is made by mixing flour 1-5 with
whiting As.
On ROard fbe Adams