The herald., 1896-12-28
FORMAL WORK ON THE TARIFF
Will Be Begun With the New
Week
GREATER INTEREST SHOWN
Than Was Ever Before Exhibited ia
Tariff Revision
Senator Chandler Rushes Into Print Re-
garding the Right of Congress to
Recognize Cuban Belligerency.
Associated Press Special Wire


work on the new tariff bill will be begun
by the ways and means committee Mon
day, when the first of the series of the,
hearings which are to extend over twelve
days will be held Judging by the amount
of correspondence which has come to the
committee on the subject, there is a
more widespread interest in the. forth
coming bill than has attached to any
other revision of the tariff, and the mum
Der of business men who desire to ap-
pear before the committee is unusually
great. The program arranged by Chair
man Dingley and his colleagues contem-
plates sessions from 10 to o'clock To
hear all the interests which will be on the
ground, with one or two schedules of the
bill to be covered each day, the reports
of every interest will be obliged to con-
dense their statement. No allotment
Of time has been made in advance to any
applicant, but ON each day the committee
will arrange program based on the
number who appear to speak. Instead of
listening to each member of the various
delegations, the committee will avoid
repetitions by asking every delegation
to select spokesman to present its
views.
Several labor organizations have sig
nified their intention to make arguments
before the committee in the interest of
protection for industries in which they
are workers. In addition. there will be
reports of various commercial bodies,
as we'll as the usual delegations of man
| facturers, producers of raw materials
and importers.
The statements made orally to the
committee, as we'll as the more valuable
| of the written statements submitted, will
be printed. After the hearings to out
siders, it is probable that government
officials. particularly the appraisers, will
be called upon for assistance, and expert
| testimony from other quarters may be
| asked.
CHANDELIERS LETTER.
WASHINGTON, Dec Ex-senator
| William E. Chandler of New Hampshire
| has written the following letter to the
| Washington Post:
| To the Washington Post: The new
| immigration law, if it passes, will re-
| quire foreigners coming to live in this
| country, to read and write. as test. five
| lines of the United States constitution
| There are a certain five lines which emf
| nent Spanish-American lawyers ought
| to read:
| Section s, after enumerating in seven
| teen clauses the powers of congress, adds
| another as follows:
| Eighteenth make all laws which
| which shall be necessary and proper for
| carrying into execution the foregoing
| powers and all other powers vested by
| this constitution in the government of
| the United States, or in any department
or officer thereof.
| A study of the above clause may lead
! some of the defiant advocates of an arro
| CANT personal government at the eXecu-
hat. caS.ttn
| is not intended that the above clause IS
| gives congress power by law, passed over
| veto by a two-thirds vote. to interfere
| with any power made exclusive in the
| president by express words or necessary
| implication. What are the powers ex-
pressly given to the president?
First-To command the army and
navy.
Second-To grant pardons.
| Third-To make treaties with the con-
| sent of the senate).
| Fourth-To appoint officers of the
| United States.
| Fifth-To convene congress and to ad-
| journ it when the two houses disagree.
| Sixth-To receive ambassadors and
| other public ministers.
| Seventh-To care that the laws be
! faithfully executed.
Eighth-To commission officers of the
| United States.
The above are all the powers granted.
| Compare them with the long list of pow
| ers given to congress, including that to
declare war and to provide for the COM
| mon defense and general welfare, and
| ending with the power given in the above
| clause IS to make all laws necessary and
proper to carry into execution all the
powers vested in the government or in
| any department or officer thereof. The
| president may command the army and
hI1f U
| give him specific directions what to do
| with them--to use them in any particu-
| lar direction or not to use them at all.
| He may grant pardons. Yes, this is an
| exclusive and uncomfortable power, but
| congress may, by law, open all prison
| doors and let the criminals go free. He
| may make treaties, with the consent of
the senate and they become laws. Here
| is the only law to make not vested in
| congress. He may appoint officers. Yes,
| but congress may create and abolish the
offices and regulate the power of APP
| pointment by civil service rules. He is
to commission all officers, but he can
| commission only those who are appoint
ed in pursuance of law. He is to receive
| foreign ministers. Yes, but only minis
! ters from countries which congress
| chooses to have recognized. If two gov
| ernments are striving for control of a
| country, congress may, by law, say
Which government the Unlteu states Will
recognize, and the president is bound to
| obey the law and receive a minister from
| that government. and refuse to receive
| a minister from the other.
| The idea that the president has the
| sole prerogative of deciding what foreign
governments shall be recognized by the
| United States has no foundation what
ever in any words to be seen in the con-
stitution. The fact that the president
| has recognized new governments with
| out congressional expression, when con-
| gress and the people have approved his
| action, is no proof whatever that when
| they disagree with him they cannot con-
| troll him by law. He is their agent, and
when he does what they want him to do
| no law is needed. When he threatens
| 20 conduct himself otherwise. whether by
| action or non-action. the whole subject
may be controlled by a law passed over
a veto, under the ample powers in con-
| gress granted by section of article I. of
| the constitution, which are not restricted
| nor limited in this respect by any other
clauses in the constitution. There is
no escape for the advocates Of monarchi-