davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1896-12-13
Copyright, 1896, by Ryman Interview
Syudicate)


Syudicate)
Paris. December 3.-It's an English
CUSTOM they say, this Of serving .
o'clock tea to ones friends each after
noon. Around Christmas this is par
ticularly well observed, and every most
ess has her tea table.
The custom is so firmly established
now in the American colony that 1t
. would amount to a breach OF hospital
itv for a hostess to entertain any OF her
friends between the hours OF 4 and g
without Offering them tea. Women
who entertain q great deal and have a
big circle of friends make it point Oh
being at their homes after 1 in the al
ternoOn.
Aside from the question Of hospi-
tally it is a charmingly picturesque
custom.
The lady has hurried home from her
drive and changed her street toilet for
an easy becoming house gown. inen
she waits in her own little sitting room
among her flowers and books, with the
soft lights OF two or three tiny fairy
lamps falling on her, till someone is an
nounced.
Not long after the first visitor is an
nounced a trim maid enters with the
tea tray. 1t is a dainty wicker affair,
with a tiny tea service of Delft and a
quaint old pewter tankard holding the
boiling water. This is put on a tabour-
cite at My Ladys side and she brews
the tea there. 1t is served IN the Rus
sian way. Of course, with slices Of
lemon and rum. Small slices OF brown
bread. cut very thin and buttered IS
the most palatable thing one can ouer
with tea.
well trained maid knows just when
the takard should be replenished and
lust when the tea tray should be spirit
ed away. but she never stands and
serves. for it's considered rather re-
straint TO any easy, gOssipy converse
ton. .-
PRETTY TEA GOWNS.
4 woman has a rare chance for dis
playing her own tastes when she orders
her home toilettes, for fashion rules
aren't the great things to be considered
in designing these gowns. Becoming
ness and comfort claim the first
thoughts. One of the simple house
gowns which viii be worn during the
holidays has full godet Of fawn ladies'
white silk. The jacket is of mauYe
satin cut with long points at the front
that slant up into short full basque5
ut the back. Two large buttons OF
amethysts and brilliants trim the front
edge of the jacket. The sleeves are iuI
pufrs that reach to the elbow. where
they are finished by frills Of white
chiffon. The jacket opens over vest
of white satin that is covered full with
white chiffon The vest is cut square
neck. and the fullness is gathered down
into a narrow silver girdle.
Nine. Emma Eames Story, whose
salon is a sort Of rendezvous for the
Young American singers here, receives
her guests generally in some simple
white house gown. She is most admir-
ed IN n soft cream cancels hair gown,
made Dricess. that clings in heavy folds
to her exquisite figure. With this
gown she always wears a soft, long
Marie Antoinette hchu Of cream chif-
fon knotted Just above the waist line.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1896-12-13
DRESSES FOR CHRISTMAS
Designs for the Tea Table and Bawitch
Ing New Ways to Wear Them.

Typical -Four O'Clock"-O Only Ma
irons Like Tea, but Buds in Bright
Colored Silk and Cloth Assist.
Biscuit Colors Very Popular-A
French Combination Of Steel
Black and Blue in q Picturesque
Afternoon Tea Gown - Middle
Aged Hostesses' Dresses.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
Free Pills.

Send your address to II. E.
Bucklen & Co., Chicago, and get
a free sample box of DR.. Kings
New Life Pills. A trial will tell
you Of their merits. These pills
are easy in action and are partic.
ularly effective in the cure Of con.
stipation and sick headache. For
malaria and liver troubles they
have been proved invaluable.
They are guaranteed to be per-
fectly free from every deleterious
substance and to be purely vegeta-
BILE. They do not weaken by
their action, but by giving tone
to stomach and bowels greatly in.
vigorate the system. Regular size
Is cents per box. Sold by T. r.
Shaw & Co. Druggist.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
Burlington Excursions,

For the non-partislan w. q. T. q
and National Anti-Saloon League con.
ventions at Washington d. c.. Dec
9Th to 14th. All Burlington ticket
agents are authorized to sell tickets
at rate Of one and one-third fare fol
the round trip A great opportunity
to visit the national capital while
Congress is in session.
For the annual meeting of Fedora.
tiOn of Commercial Teachers at Chi.
cag0, Dec. 28th to 31st. All Burling-
ton ticket agents will sell at rate OF
one and one-third fare for the round
trip.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
Canadian Excursions.

The time of Canadian excursions is
again here. AS usual the Northern
Pacific expects to be in it. You know
what this means, what fine trains we
run, what splendid accommodations
we give you, our vestiblled trains are
as good as ever, dining car service
first class and our entire train equip.
ment as perfect as can be made. On
Tuesdays we will run Pullman tour.
1st sleeping car from Manitoba and
North Dakota points toSt. Paul. d.
rect connections made with Chicago
daylight trains. Cali on our agents
for particulars and tickets. 2l-24
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11

When moet needed tits not unusual
for your family physician to be away
from home. Such was the experience
of Ne. ]. 7. Schenck, editor Of the
Caddo, Ind. Ter, Banner, when his
little girl Two years of age was threat
ened with a severe attack OF Group.
He says; my wife insisted that 20
for the doctor, but as our family ply.
stefan was out of town I purchased a
bOttle of Chamberlain's Cough Rene.
dy, which relieved her Immediately.
/ willnot he withoutiti In the future"
q and so cent BEETLES for sale by T..
B. Shaw b Co.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
Camp Kimman.

On November 14th, as jolly party
Of hunters as ever went out from the
tribe Of embinas left fer camp Kim
man. on the Yellowstone river. The
Pembina party consisted of Chief Jud
LaMoure and braves e. K. Cavileer,
G. G. Thompson. Gus Short, f. A.
Hart and T. e.. Kimman. At'Grand
Forks we were Joined by Albert Gar
nett, Of St. Thomas. All wore full
war paint and dressed In habiliments
Of 1.-THE Deer-slayer.!" As we ratified
along over the 900 miles of western
rolling prairie, many were the thrill
ling stories given forth by one or the
other, Of how I bolled over that buck
whose large antlers make such con.
venient hat rack In our hall at home
or that other biggest buck Of all the
woods, which gave me such q grand
opportunity. and I missed owing to a
sudden attack of ague. These stories
ran along until our eagerness for the
fray wore q feather edge. Once, just
as the climax of one of these thrilling
tales was reached q passenger ex-
claimed. ''see that coyote. = All made
q rush for the same window; Frank
Hart came with q $3.50 rush and al
most showed Gus Shorts 1892 head
through the window.
After starting out overland for our
camp we were Delayed few hours in
crossing the Missouri river, owing to
the ice not being thick enough to
cross with the team, but by noon we
were moving again on our way; while
we were riding along, about two miles
from camp, someone spled deer
standing at quite. distance away.
There was q scramble for guns, and
during the excitement when all eyes
were centred on the armory. the deer
laid down 80 that when the advance
guard was ready for action, no deer
was to be seen. However. the guard
advanced In the general direction; Ia
his haste Ned took up Garnett's rifle
which only had one cartridge 10 1t,
but G.. g. Is always .loaded" and was
equal to the occasion this time. AZ.
ter advancing . few PAGES, up Jumped
o flne doe and a beautiful buck with 4
large hat rack on his head. The boys
seemed to think they needed TINT
rick and so both turned Ioosc on the
buck as he ran. Five shots were fred
and he went down with three bullets
through him, ind was placed u
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
Council ProceedinRs.

Dec. It'll, 1895. Regular meetingsof
city council. Present, Aldermen
King, Price, Felson. Hart. Short and
Warner. Alderman Short in the
chair.
Minutes Of meeting Of Oct. 18th
read and approved.
+ Following bills were read aud al
lowed.
T. 4. Price supplies. ..........$ 30 81
A. =. Akers special police, etc 3 so
Monarch Elv CO. coal. ........ IL O5
+. s. Cheney supplies, engine. IS
j. X. Swltzer lumber. ........ 1O7 90
Resolved that the mayor and city
auditor be authorized to sign y deed
conveying six.tenths Of an acre. being
the north partof division e. as shown
ON the plat OF the city cemetery to
John Stanley. Bishop Of the B. @.
church, In exchange for deed from
said John Stanley for one-half acre,
being division d. rs shown on said
plat. said exchange to be made for the
reason that the ground in said divis'
ion D. is now occupied by bodies OF
pfotestants buried there BY error
and the ground In said north part of
division 3. 10 unoccupled, and II IL da'
sirable that the city should acquire
the ground now occupied for burial
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
Prattford.

Mr.. Trotter lost q fine colt three
years old. He found 1t dead in the
stable IN the morning.
Duncan Menzie returned to Ontario
last week, but we expect to have him
back with us in the spring.
Mr.. Mcconnell was visiting at r
Menzie's last week and some how lost
his way returning home and took quite
q trip through the snow.
A. Morris was over from Canton
last week to haul out his grain, but
owing to the two days blizzard was
not able to perform his task.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
A Christmas Present Free.

a Christmas Present Free.
Il As a special inducement to intro
duce our home paper In this locality,
we will. during the next 10 days, give
to any person who sends us 35c 10 coin
or stamps, q years subscription to
Home Life, q family magazine, and a
beautiful set Of six elegantly chased
Nut picks, in a handsome case, (same
as sold by retail dealers at from 75c "a
$l.25,) by return mail, postage paid
Address, SLocuM & Co., publishers,
Caro-. Mich.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11

~ r.
!
y9g = y - 49, -
unity 4 / vs..
lIloI,r,aD

M H as II, 81 w 8l04o ss
+ Miss Emily Doebler entertained q
select party Of friends Thursday last.
Jno. s. Anderson Of Crystal pissed
through town Yesterday. He looked
at the shanty aud passed on the other
side. III Il
Miss Lottie Stafford. has kindly con-
sented to take charge OF the singing
here during the temporary absence OF
the regular organist. ss
We understand the Rev. Manson
e likely torevlsit us again soon; some
Of his followers have need OF him, to
Judge BY appearances.
The Canton revolution with allits
horrors is nothing TO the civil war 10
district IS. Putting all jokes aside
we think for the good name Of our
once popular school, the board ought
to resign on masse.
Jno. r. Gill aud family have moved
to St. Thomas for the winter. The
Thanksgiving blizzard was too much
for any reasonable Christian to stand,
anyway they got tired Of climbing
through the roof to get fresh air.
We note In the late, the marriage or
our popular young townsman, Norman
Stafford to Miss Grleves. As we were
not present we cannot give full par
ticulars but trust the young couple
will enjoy their share Of LIES bles-
sings.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
Canadian Excursion.

Tickets will be sold by the Northern
Pacific from December 5th to 31st, in.
elusive, to points in Western Ontario.
Fare 90 for round trip, tickets good
three months from date, upon pay
ment Of reasonable amounts in ad.
dition, tickets will be extended by
agent at passengers destination.
Call on N. p. ticket agent for further
information. 21-M
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
JoHetse.

Report OF Toilette School for Nov:
Nettie McCauley 81, Flair Vanleber-
che SO, Annie Pariseau 80, Myrtle
Sparkling 81, E. McCauley 80. d. w.
Taylor 80. Celie Vanleberche 80, w. ].
McCauley 70, Leon Vanleberche 70,
Bell Mcconnell IS, Perl NJ Asselstine
IS, James Taylor73, Wilbur Nc CauIey
II. Wroy Asselstine 81, -Dannie John
son "a.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
reacner, Wanted.

Two school teachers wanted to
teach In District No. 81, One to COM
mcnce term Of three months on the
first Monday In January and the 9th.
er for u term Of three months on the
first Monday In February, 1897. Both
teachers to hold first or second
grade certificate and also have expert.
ence. Bids to be In before Dec. 10th.
Address or communicate with
PAUL JOHNSON, Clerk, Akra. p. o.
Or, MRS. q. OLAFsoN, President,
20-17 Hallson, p. o.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11

IN order q case m iss Nc, ID ON
necttcn with TIE land it'll acquired
by the city Tor y city cemetery.
satd resolution ms % / motion, ear
ried y nanimously se.. s;sss
& On motlonfadj ourned
III 5s' Y = As AnDwELL,
\: $tss ~ Auditor,
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11

There has until now, been doubt as
to any. excursions to Canada this win
Ter, but on Dec. 5th aud every day
after until and including the 3lst,
round trip tickets will be sold at all
Northern Pacific stations at excur-
sion rates, good for three months linn
it, or may be extended on the usual
terms on application. For further In
formation apply to any agent of the
Northern Pacific Railway or address
j.. G. WARNER, Agent,
21-24 PembIna, N. d.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11

THE Warren anufacturing Co. are
going to open a -four and feed ex-
change in the St. Anthony elevator in
St. Vincent, Nov. 23rd, will keep on
hand all kinds Of -four and feed and
do general exchange business. 4
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11

The Warren Mfg. Co. on Nov. 2lst,
are going to establish a -four exchange
in St. Vincent and keep all kinds Of
flour and feed for sale.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
Ioy.

Is intensified Emancipation, there
fore think of and prepare to take adj
vantage Of the $40 excursion rate Of
fered by the $500 Line" from points
In North Dakota to Canadian points.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11

Farmer. 60 to the Warren Mig. Co.
to exchange your wheat for flour, at
the st. Anthony 8 Oak. Elevator, st.
Vincent.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
Something New.

Excursions to New England. from
December 7th to 3lst, the 500 Line
will issue cheap return tickets to New
England points for Xmas holidays.
Call on your nearest ticket agent or
write TO w. r. Galloway, G. P. A.,
Minneapolis, for full particulars. PA
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
TO Rent. i 53.4
Two comfortable houses with stab.
les. F.A. WARDwELL.

farm Loans. a II Isl
Talk with a. Short 3 90. when you
want to renew your loan. Plenty 81
money on short notice. *
tt a. SHORT 3 Co.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11

Major G. r. Picton is manager of
the State Hotal, at. benson, Texas.
which the travelling men say is one Of
the best hotels in that section. In
speaking Of Chamberlain's Collie Chol-
era and Diarrhoea Remedy Major Pic
ton says: II have used it myself and
in my family for several years, and
take pleasure in saying that I consid-
er it an infallible cure for diarrhoea
and dysentery. always recommend
it. and have frequently administered
it to my guests in the hotel, and in
every case it has proven itself worthy
of unqualified endorsement. For sale
by T. r. Shaw s. Or. 2l-24
The wife of Mr.. d. Robinson. a
prominent lumberman Of Hartwick,
N. Y. was sick with rheumatism for
five months. In speaking Of 1t, Mr..
Robinson says: "Chamberlain's Pain
Balm is the only thing that gave her
any rest from pain. For the relief Of
pain it cannot be beat" Many very
bad cases of rheumatism have been
cured by it. For sale ~. so cents per
bottle by II. r. Shaw & Co. 21-24
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
Teacher Wanted /,

Second g,ade teacher wanted to
teach In district No. 50 for a term Of
nine months, to commence Feb. 4th.
1897. Applications received to jan.
18th, state salary and experience.
ADAM W1NLAw, Clerk,
sE. COLLINS, President. Hamilton.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
~. ss6 1 IN Iili1 y .,

g Z III
This ID the time thst M 4 csn 6ny
Csnadian excavation stickStG NIX TIC
Northern: Pselnc eli hsc md visit
the old home this Wf8t sftpd Is nc
the Northern Pacltic. I ~ DIN y s.miss
this opp rtunity. yo1r fxmily
and 80 and spend ChrIstmas With tho
old friends. Call on 0ur agents Tor
tickets aud Particular. 2l-24 VI
Ask the Warren Mig. "a. for prices
10 -four before buying elssw where. or
ices at st. Anthony Elevator, 81
Vincent, MINI.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
PEMBlNA, N. D
$4,000
10000
Capital
Surplus
Transact general banking Business. Buy
andsellto foreign exchange
COLLECTIONS A SECIALTY.

CoRREsPoNDENCE:-The National Germ.n
American Bank, ct. Paul. First National Benk
Chicago. American Exchange National Bank
aud Chase NatfonslBank, New York andthe I'm
perial Bank Of Canada, ct Winnipeg.
School, Township and County Bonds bought
and sold, Long time mortgage Negotiable.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
Farm I,oans.

Farm Loans. 20
Plenty Of money to loan on improv-
ed farms. Money furnished on short
notice. A. SHORT b 90. tt +
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11

Farmers, exchange your wheat fol
flour at the st. Anthony Elevator. II
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
For s.sIals

n @ For Sale. !. \. n n e RI
One No. s Remington Typewriter,
IN excellent repair, cheap. III
g. y. MERRIcK,
22-A Bathgate, n. d.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11
re- eals..

For Sale.
Five b. 3 H. lamps, for sale cheap,
have been in use but q few weeks.
tt Apply To- ". q. SHoRr
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-12-11

H,J. JAMES, M. D.
Physician and Surgeon, once and residence
over First National Bank,
BATHGATE. NORTH DAKOTA
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1896-06-18
Red vs.. White.

The gold.bug finds an excuse
in scripture for his conduct in the
passage which says "make unto
yourselves friends Of the mammon
Of unrighteousness," or words TO
that effect.
But as a medium Of exchange,
as current money. Silver has the
advantage in antiquity, and Ifs
purchasing power 50 great that it
took only a few peices TO make
Judas betray Christ, and it's what
will catch the Judas element at
the political conventions 10 day.
If these traiters to home and
country, do as Judas did-go out
and hang themselves as reperatiOn
for their perfdy, liberty might
grow in the country as did relig.
ion after Judas ceased to incumb-
er its cause.
In this connection we give an
extract from the Masonic Journal
which touches both our reason
and heart:
How dear 10 our hearts is the
old silver dollar, when some kind
subscriber presents ito view-the
liberty head without necktie or
collar, and all the strange things
that 10 us seem 50 new; the wide
spreading eagle, the arrows below
il, the stars and the words with
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1896-06-18
AT HOME AGAIN.
The First Baptist Re-0pened Sun
day After Being Closed 9 Months.

The First Baptist ke-Openeo sun
day After Being Closed 9 Months.
The First Baptist church has been re.
opened after having been in the earpen-
tiers hands for the past nine months.
The first sermon was preached in it
Sunday morning at II O'Clock by DR..
Thomas Hume, of Chapel Hill, to an
audience estimated at about / 400 souls.
y. is an elegant structure and the
members of the church and congrega-
ton can we'll feel repaid for the many IN
couveniencies and hsrdships they have
undergone during the past nine months,
DR.. hume used as his text ! Tim. ).
rs, from which he preached a strong
and powerful sermon.
Sunday evening every church in the
city suspended services in honor Of the
re-opening of the new church and each
pastor took part in the services. The
sermon was preached by Rev. ]. E,
White, secretary OF the Baptist state
mission board. He used as his tex
Matt s7-e; Matt. IL II, and Mark 6-34
If anything there was larger audience
than at the morning service. and Rev
Mr.. White was at his best and preached
q very Eve sermon. On the IostuH
with the speaker were the following
pastors of the different churches:
Rev. ", c. Tyree, FirstBsp list; Rev
c. ]. Dowell, Second Baptist; Rev. J. n
Cole, Trinity; Rev. W. B. DOub, MAR
Street; Rev. A. A. Pruden. St. Phillips
Rev. ]. W. welions, Christian; Rev. l.
B. Turubull, Presbyterian; Mr.. R. Hib
herd, North Durham Mission, and Rev
7. S. Troy. The music by the choir wa
simply grand and added much to thu
occasion.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1896-06-18
Graham Not . Candidate.

The following special to the
Raleigh News and Observer
from Oxford will explain itself:
Judge A. w. Graham is out in
q card in the Public Ludger this
afternoon, addressed to the
Democracy of the Fifth Con-
gressional district, in which he
states that he has been solicited
to allow his name to be used for
the Congressional nomination
and, as Democratic success is
almost assured the temptation is
very great, but matters of a
personal and business nature
induce him to decline to again
enter the contest"
A letter was also received in
this city Thursday from Judge
Graham in which he says that
he will not allow his name to b.
used for any Office.
This practically makes the
nomination of our townsman
James s. Manning, for the
iudgship a certainty, and hii
many friends here and elsewhere
are very much enthused over hi
prospect of being the Democrat
ic nominee for the next judg'
from this district.
From q prominent democra
it was also learned yesterda,
that the leaders of the party
had decided TO run Judge A. G
Avery, now on the Supreme
court bench, and Judge Boykin
Superior court judge. for Su'
preme court judges.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1896-06-18
Call q Halt.

One of the evils of the times
to which DIR. A. Coke Smith adj
verted In his sermon before the
students Of Trinity College,
Tuesday, is that Of unrestricted
immigration. "It.seems to be
time, said he, ito call a halt.
The conditions have changed.
The country no longer absorbs
the immigrant" This reminds
US that the lower house Of Con-
gress, now adiourning, passed,
week before last, an immigra-
ton bill which had merit. II
provides an educational qualifi-
cation. Il excludes ali male
aliens between the ages Of 1G
and 90 except parents Of persons
living in this country, who can
not both read and write English
or some other language. I'm.
happily this bill did not get
through the Senate. Itlooks in
the right direction. Charlotte
Observer.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1896-06-18

New York, June S.-The story
published, alleging that Senator
Quay took ex-senator Platt's adj
hesion with him on his visit to
Canton and a promise from Mr..
Plat nomination for Vice Pres
ident, is denied by Mr.. Platt. He
said today:
81 is a fabrication, pure and
simple, / shall 60 to st. Louis to
get all the delegates / can for Gov
Morton. ! don't believe that any.
body can deliver Thomas B
Reed"