davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17
VENEZUELA EXCITED AGAIN,


New York. Feb. IA dispatch TO the
World from Caracas says. The story OF an
English vessel taking souniings az the
mouth Of the Orinoco provokcs much war
like comment. The people Of Ciudad Boil
var the capital OF Guiana, say the vessel
Is there for the purpose Of determining
whether warships are needed 20 hold the
orinoco. which is Nenezuola's strong STRAIT
eric position.
The government has been warned that. as
England Is increasing her force of men
and cannon at the stations on the Au1acuro
and Cuyini rivers, the latest move menaces
the integrity of the nation. The press says
now IS the time to teach bnglands arro-
Cance a lesson
The suggestion to arbitrate the Uruan
incident meets opposition here. IL is he
lieved that the jurisdiction of the dis sputed
territory should be settled first; otherwise.
Il would be an admission OF British sov-
crciEuty.
Public opinion IS ayerse to treating with
England directly In the Guiana boundary
matter The feeling is that Venezuela
should manifest its gratitude and courtesy
TO the United states by awaitinc the re-
port Of the boundary commission. The
people point out that when venezuela was
alone England never considered ts desires
FOR n peaceful settlement and that she
only regards IL now through fear OF the
United States.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17
PLENTY OF WORK ON HAND.
SENATE COMMITTEES HAVE PROVIDED
BIG GEIsr TO GRIND.
Twenty-sevcn raees OF the Calendar ruled
Senator Davis WIN SPEAK To-day on
tho Monroe Dcctrinc-Esriy
Adjournment Tailed OF.

washington Feb I6-Thc prospects are
for a busy week IN the senate, but outside
OF the fact that Senator Davis viii speak
on Monday in support OF the Monroe doc
;rinc and that the appropriation hins
which have been reported viii be taken
UP and probably disposed OF. no definite
forecast Of the proceedings can be given.
Senator Davis speech Is expected TO be
strong and loeical expression Of the
views Of the more advanced advocates OF
the Monroe doctrine.
There are three Of the appropriation bills
on the senate calendar. and II IS not be-
lievci that any of them. unless 10 be the
consular and diplomatic bill VIII arouse
any prolonged debate. ~ is possible tho
diplomatic bill may not excite debate. THIS
bill affords an opportunity TO discuss for
eicn Affairs generally. ami It ie very rarely
allowed 20 pass without senators availing
themselves or this opening to discuss dil-
lou,atic questions. 1t Is also possible that
the pension bin will be- taken advantage
OF 20 discuss the pension question at some
length
The military academy appropriation bin
VIII be the first Of the series TO be taken
The cuban resolution has been given the
place OF rrscedence after the appropriation
Subject Viii bc takSn up f,rerh serousy ihy' unt n
the senator's who may w,-n TO speak upon
SELVES. Senator Call VIII speak on the
subject IN DE succeeds in getting u NJ,
and possibly one or two other senators
VIII be heard.
The senate committees have been unusu-
ally active since the holidays. with the
Consequence that there IS an accumulation
ut business sufficient 20 cover iwcnty-seven
pages % the calendar embracing subjects
in which all tho senators are Interested.
There Is. therefore. a general desire TO get
10 work on the calendar, and the probable
lties are that with the Appropriation bills
out % the way the calendar will be re-
sorted 10 ana large number OF bills Of
minor Importance acted upon.
There continues to- De more or less dis
cusslbu Of private nature among sem
atots as 20 the probabilities OF getting NJ
the tafin bill iu some form. but this de-
pen32 almost wholly upon whether the
friends OF the hilr can obtain assurance OF
success Ia whatever move the make
The reports of both tho majority and the
minority of the committee on privileges
ana elections ON the Dupont case. the for
mor favurirg the seating ot Mr.. Dupont as
senator from Delaware, ana the latter op-
posing that course. viii ho made TO the
senate tomorrow. but the debate, which is
sure 30 occur on this question, will be post
poned until later in the session.
There is beginning to be "A great deal Of
talk in the senate of an early adjournment.
II ~ 81 made evident that there will he no
tariff legislation. many senators think that
an Adjournment by the lst Of June Will be
possible.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17
HIS TROUBLE BEGAN EARLY,
si.teen-yesr- Detroit Lad invoived :
Matrimonial fnfelicitics and Legal
tmbarrassmrnts.

Detroit. Feb. i6-Iohn Cronin. a clerk in
n dry goods store. was tried before Judge
Whelau on charge OF non-support. pre-
fctred by his wife. Anna. Cronin is only Is
years old. while his wife is is. The boy
claimed he was forced to marry, being
caught on the street by her brother two
months aEo. and at the point OF a revolver
driven across the river with the girl ami
taken to "a justice of the peace in town
near Windsor. Proceedings TO have the
marriage aunulled are now pending. CtO-
min earns s. q week and fiycs with his
mother. His mother objected TO the match,
claiming he Is not yet OF age She refuses
ally draws his wages. Judge Whcian re-
fused TO take any coEnizance OF the legal
ity or illegaiity of the marriage. He found
Cronin guilty and ordered him 70 furnish
sSp bail as a guaranty 10 provide for the
complainant for the next ninety, or in de-
fault 10 go to jail for sixty days. The bail
was furnished under protest. and the case
will be appealed.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17
Kruger Mar Not yI.lt rnrlnna.

LONDON. Feb. l7.-The Berlin correspond
ont OF the Chronicle sends dispatch. ap-
uurtntly inspired 10y Dr. l.eyts the sccrt.-
tarN OF state of tho TrausNaHl. which SAYS:
THE Trausyaal government considers
Colonial Secretary Chambcrain's proposed
home rule "a prDpOstcruus and utterly uu-
workable scheme. II may almost Ice ac-
ccptel as certain that President Kruger
VIII not visit England, because his pres
cnce there would Doe virtual recognition
OF EnElands right To interfere in the in
tprnal affairs Of the Trausvaal''
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17
Kncckcd gu, hr thc "rcrrlhlc swchc.-

the terrible Swcde." OF this CITY. and
Frank crosby, Of Alton. Ill. fought a rat
tliug twcnty-round contest rt catch weights
right Ia the center OF the business section
Of the city to-day. Although pretty evenly
matched. Peterson noorcd his man four
times. and, finally IN the twentieth round,
knocked him down three times ana out.
This H. the SECOND fight to he pulled or in
secret IN the downtown section during the
past three days. The first event was a
hard fought nfty-siN round draw between
local amateurs. Each event had Il good
sized crowd OF spectators
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17
ENGLISH COMMISSIONS SUGGESTED.
London "Times" Wants n british Inquiry
Into the Nent zueian Dispute.

London Fob. i7.-An editorial in the
Times this morning contains some impor-
tant suggestions on the subject of Nene-
zuea The Times suggests that England
appoint strong and Independent commits
SION va, lnNrSuEate Nene2ueia dispute Tor
public as early as the Washington commits
sion shall report. 1t adds that there would
bv no difficulty In finding eminent men.
whose conclusions would be unhesitatingly
4fYgtfgI
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

Mrs. Brlckrow-"HOw do manage 20 per-
sEade your husband 10 buy you such ex-
ptu-iy- bouurts2'
Mrs Topuattc-'T take him shopping
with me walk him around until he can't
stand, ana then wind up Ina a bonnet store.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

WAS uiugtgu. Feb. 1t-tSI,eialD Delegate
Flynn is being confronted with letters from
Dkutuua saying that n is Understood there
that Dig b. opuuslLg he CONTINUATION Of Pat
Magic for United states marshal The report
s. Incorrect. as Alr. Flynn has taken no
step 81 hatrEer against the consideration,
his 44Ct being sustained by friends Of Na-
Ii L.I. Lu.ELuE aIL.E hls lntnrests.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

Cincinnati Tribune: Are all the animals
inr" asked Noah taking another look at
the barometer.
IAN but the leopards" replied Ham.
and ! think We have pair Of them
spotted"
Noah shook his head gloomily and NUT
tered something about that boy coming
10 "A bad end 20
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

"I have been serenaded by the niehttn-
gale proudly said the rose.
"lou needn't be so stuck up about IT,"
said the ghrNsanthemum, Il guess | could
get strrnaltd too. II / chose"
"Oh. you coulde' Ia like 10 know what
would be sung 20 you, excepting, possibly,
that song about Get Your Hair Cut. -
boston Traveller.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

Chicago, Feb. lG-Chlef BadenOch in
struetti Inspectors shea and Schaack yes
taFlay ~ cause the keepers Of all concert
halls IN their respective divisions 10 lesist
from selling liquor in their places. As the
only revenue of such places Is derived from
die "a natural death.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17
lie Mought. Thea Asaia IL noughtn't"

Chicago. Feb. lG,-James j. Corbett to-
night al the Haymarket theater. an
uGuucel from the stage an the end or the
lrst act thar II the Maher-F -Fitzsimmons
light takes place he VIII return TO the ring
and Hrest the championship from the win
nrF. The announcement was loudly ap-
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

As they left the concert hall. Alfred said.
with great enthusiasm, And did you nOt-
ice her HUEering2 Wasn't il superb?'
YEP" replied Mr.. BerHheimer. 1T was
a beauty. II must have cost $500. New
ark Journal
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

"Are all the details Of the wedding ar
ranged" said the mother Of the emanci-
pated woman TO her daughter, who was
soon to be q bride.
II have not Vet decided who the best
woman IS 10 be-" was the reply.-Life.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17
ought 10 he satisfied.

on by his wife, who insisted that there was
a burglar in the room.
"N0bOdy." returned the burglar.
There. my dear" snapped lIinks, "thats
exactly what ! told you. Nohoiy's there
50 do 90 y sleep. "-Hlrper's Bazar.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

only two and half days from Kansas
City 10 Los Angeles on the California Linz
tied. which now leaves Kansas City via the
santa Fe route at l0;0o a. m, daily No
other Lne can oner you such service
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

The Taa4-4-Lngp Union Els .uu WaE
1ars.4y attend. un yesterday .fr.ruu1ua
auI aIl fr-s-r- were lylEelr+ HF ItrE. Nr-
-V-rt IIr WaI 4uI j. Stu'ler- Slice Luss
sin g. 'hrII tr.ra every mEEt .gsiE- tle
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

Is used on al Dining Cars Of the Chicago
Great Western Railway (Maple Leaf route
10 Des Moiuas. ST. Paul, Minneapolis and
Chicagol Ticket office. West Ninth;
depot Second and Wyandotte.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

Tho Twin city sna taL New fast train To
Hg- M5ur=. ST. Paul and AIau, ap1lGs. via
C.iCa4o Great N-strra railway tMapl.
Leaf reuteI. q E,ts at city office. West
Ninth stre aad Grand Central pot.
Second anu Wyauiotte.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

There viii be a meeting OF the Travellers
Protective Association an the Coates House
on the evening OF the 2lst for business pur-
noses
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

Mrs. WInslow', SooTHiNG SYHUP for chill
dren tsetLlng, softeus The gums, reduces innaIn-
ulaticu. alays pam. cures wind cole &c ; ooLLls
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

SEipped daily IN secure packages by
GEORGE EYSSELL. DRUGGIST
Opposite waiting room Union depot
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

Free magazines and newspapers on an
Maple Leaf trains Chicago Great Western
railway. Tickets. ! West Ninth street.
Kansas City daily journal. [volume] (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, 1896-02-17

rhe California Limited on the Santa Fg
rout- now leaves kansas Clty a. lgas a.
n SOLID vest ibnleI train 10 California.
snd meals served II g4Eins car Tor tAe en-
49, LII
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05
Ii Hung Chang shown Some of the Sights
at Washington.

Ii Hung Chang shown Some of the Sights
at Washington.
WASHINGTON, Sept. AT an early
hour Ii Hung Chang had arisen and
was making ready for the day Of sight
seeing. The arrangement of the pro-
gramme had been left by General Ru-
ger entirely in the hands Of Ii Hung
Chang himself, and, while the points
OF interest that it was thought he might
be pleased to see were suggested to him.
no attempt was made to urge his fancy.
After some discussion among the suite,
the Chinese decided to go first to the
capitol.
He was accompanied by ex-Secretary
of State Foster and his suite. Ii Hung
Changes party remained at the Cap.
itol less than an hour. The dis.
tinguished visitor was conducted
to the office of the sergeant at-arms,
where he was presented to Colonel h. j.
Bright, sergeant. al arms. From this
point he was escorted in succession to
the marble room, the presidents room,
the senate chamber. the supreme court
quarters, the congressional library and
the hall of the house af representatives.
Very little time was given to any of
these halls, and when he had rested for
a few minutes in the house the viceroy
demanded to be taken to his carriage,
in order not to belate an engagement
with the Chinese minister.
Elaborate Trepar tons.
Elaborate preparations had been made
by Minister Yang Yu for the reception
of the highest representative Of his ex-
allied emperor. The mansions that form
the legation were decorated in magnifi.
cent style. Immediately upon Lis ar
rival, and after he had received the
greetings OF the minister and his house
hold, Lii Hung Chang and Mr.. Yang
Va retired for a private conference,
which was somewhat extended. Then
there was a general reception and fra.
ternizing between the members of the
visiting embassy and those of the lega.
ton, and at noon the viceroy and his
suite were entertained at luncheon in
the ball room. No foreigners were
present.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05
LOTS
GreatlCOuntry.

Another great wave of emigration is a.
bout to flow over the country. The
northwest will receive the greatest bene-
fit from it and every state in that region
is prepared for it. From the Great
Lakes to the Pacific Ocean Boards of
Immigration have been formed, full Of
energy and enthusiasm and glad to give
the and enquirer all the
assistance possible.
In Minnesota the renowned Red River
Valley and the newly opened lands Of
the Red Lake Reservation attract the
homeseeker.
In North Dakota there are rolling
hills and rich prairie lands. In Montana
the great Yellowstone Valley, with its
new irrigation enterprise, the noted
Gallatin Valley and the Bitter Root
Valley extend arms Of welcome. In
Idaho and Washington the Nez Perez
Reservation lands recently coded, and
the Palouse. Potlach and Yakima Val
leys eas. OF the Cascades, are bound te
be rapidly settled. West OF the noun
tains are the fertile valleys of Puge,
| Sound in Washington, and the Colum
bia and Willamette Valleys in Oregon.
Homes for millions Of people are founc
here. Come and take possession; Others
arc coming, you come too;-write to
Chas. 8. Fee, General Passenger Agen'
Northern Pacific Railroad, st. Paul
| MINI.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05

The little hamlet Of Alcester, S. D.,
has caught the fever for making q big
political demonstration on paper. A dis
patch OF the 3rd inst, from Beresford
says: Carlos Martyr, a republican pc,
litical economist OF Chicago, spoke to
an audience Of $500 people at Alcester.
1t was a great demonstration. There
was a torch light possession, five bands
and two glee clubs. The night was
rainy and cold. Had it been fair, fully
5000 people would have been in attend
ance Many, indeed, most, Of those pres
emit came from the surrounding farmipt
country, for Alcester has but n small
population.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05

4 Republican delegate convention Tor The
county of Lake is hereby called to meet in the
court house at Madison, S. d., September y,
1895, att p. M, for the purpose of placing
in nomination candidates for the following
named legislative and county Offices: Senator,
representatives %, auditor, treasurer, register of
deeds, CLERK of courts, sheriff, Judge of probate,
states attorney, superintendent of schools, cor
Oner, surveyor, justices Of the peace a., con
stables a..
Also a candidate for commissioner of the Sec
oud district, by the delegates from said district
which consists of the townships Of Franklin and
Lakeview, and city of Madison.
And also the selection of a county central
committee and such other business as may prop,
crly come before the convention.
The basis of representation for each precinct
will be one delegate at large and one additional
delegate for each 10 votes AMI major fraction
thereof cast for Hon {. II. sheldon for governor
in 1894. The several precincts will be entitled to
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05
ON A POLITICAL CHARGE.
Samuel T. TOlen, an American, Arrested
by Spaniards.

samuel T. Tolen, an American, Arrested
by ~Spaniards.
HAVANA, Sept. 5.-Samuel T. To.en,
an American citizen, and recently a
resident of the province of Matanzas,
has been arrested on board the Ward
line steamship Seneca on a political
charge, and is now i'll custody ashore.
Mr.. Tolen, who is said to be "a merchant
Of prominence, was arrested just as the
steamer was Oh the point of sailing. II
is said that the police have been trying
for 20 days to effect his capture, The
United States consul general, Fitzhugh
Lee, has been communicated with, and
it is reported that he has entered a pro
test against Mr. Tolen's arrest, and hal
notified the authorities.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05

experts in their reports accompanying
the bill which they had drawn up de-
.moLetizing it, and it was noted and
openly spoken Of by those having the
bill IN charge. But no n made a fight
in it's defense. We have always believed
this to he about the truth concerning
the demonstration OF 1878; and we also
believe it was q piece OF the most colossal
stupidity, inexcusable, upstatesmanlike
and unconstitutional. It has caused us to
extort billions upon billions OF dollars
more for foreign creditors than we
ought, it has wronged our debtors at
home in a similar way and to Ike extent,
1t has paralyzed our agricultural and
other producing interests and unless re-
versed it will continue to keep US in
vassalage to the British empire-a nation
of hewers OF wood and drawers Of water,
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05

The following from the Vermillion
Republican will provoke a smile, even
among republicans: General Hugh j.
Campbell has been doing some very
effective work on the stump for the re-
publicans in the north part OF the state.
The loss Of such men as Price, Anderson
and Campbell is sorely felt by the Popu-
lists for all are rated as orators of the
first rank. They have turned their
heavy artillery toward the forces they so
SO long trained with and>their execution
is denoralizing the motley hosts Of the
opposition.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05
state.

For Representatives in Congress
ROBERT. GAMBLE, Yankton.
COE l. CRAWFORD, Hughes.
For Governor
A .. RINGSRUD, Unicn.
For Lieutenant Governor
ID. 7. HINDMAN, Marshall.
For Secretary OF State
w. RODDLE, Brookings.
For Auditor
H. E MAYHEM. ) Tboru.
For Treasurai-
KIRK G. PHILLIPS, Lawrence.
For Superintendent OF Public Instruction.
FRANK CRANE, Coddington.
For Commissioner OF School and Pubic Lands
JOHN l.. LOCKHART, Grant.
For Attorney General
=. V. JONES, Turner.
For Railroad Commissioners
ID. W. MADDEN, Custer.
GEO. A. JOHNSTON, Dawson.
n. p. BRO MLEY, Sphinx.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05
Captain DreYfus Escapes.

LONDON, Sept. 4.-Captain Hunter OF
the British steamship Nonpareil. which
has arrived at Newport. Monmouth
shire from Cayenne, French Guiana,
reports that Captain Alfred Dreyfus
who was sente.ced to be publicly de
graded and confined for life in a for,
tress, after having been convicted by q
courtmartial of selling plans of French
Notifications, etc. to a foreign govern
ment, has escaped from the Isle dr
Grand Salu.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05
The ideal Panacea.

James l.. Francis, Alderman, Chicago.
says: Il regard DR.. Kings New Dis
covery as an Ideal Panacea for coughs,
colds and lung complaints, having used
1T in my family for the last five years, to
the exclusion of physician's prescriptions
or other preparations"
Rev. John Burgus, Keokuk, Iowa,
writes: II have been a minister OF the
Methodist Episcopal church for 80 years
or more, and have never found anything
80 beneficial, or that gave me such
speedy relief as Or. Kings New
Discovery" Try this Ideal Cough
Remedy now. Trial bottles Free at Q.
II. Woods drug store.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05
In a three column editorial, the Siou

In a three column editorial, the Sioux
City Journal OF the 4th inst, explains
away the "crime Of 73," by showing that
the dropping OF the silver dollar from
the coinage OF the United States mints
was deliberate in intent and known Of all
men who wanted to take notice Of it. It's
decentralization was recommended by the
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05
MCKINLEY

Agents wanted to sell the Life and
Speeches of Mckinley, with Proceedings
Of st. Louis Convention, Platform of par
TT and other valuable information. 800
pages, with twenty full page illustrations
Price. cloth, s1.O0; half morocco, $50.
Sixty per cent. discount to Agents.
Send 30 cents Tor prospectus and full
particulars, and 90 to work at once. You
can sell 200 copies in your own town.
Address j. 8. Ogilvie publishing compa
ny, 81 Rose street, New York.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05

SEATTLE, Wash, Sept. 8. - Com.
mander John Stark Newell of the Unit.
ed States armored cruiser Detroit is
dead from anacmic condition of the
blood. His remains will be sent to
New York Captain Newell's illness
was contracted while undergoing the
%privatioEs in connection with his labors
as representative of the United States
in the investigation of the massacres Of
missionaries at Kiepsin, Central China.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05
Recommend Bardsley's Pardon.

HARRISBURG, Pa, Sept. 5.-The board
Of pardons formally recommended tc
Governor Hastings that a pardon be
granted ex.City Treasurer John Bards.
ley. who was sentenced in 1891 for
term Of 10 years in prison for embezzle.
ing the public funds of Philadelphia
The reasons for recommending the par
don are based almost entirely on the
extreme i'll health of Bardsley.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1896-09-05
Father .otner ana Cn III Mad

NEPoNsEr, Ills, Sept. 5.-The bodies
of Lou Wilson, a farmer, Mrs. Wilson,
his wife. and a ~4-year-old son were,
found dead en- their farm. All. were
shot through the temple, and Wilson
still held a revolver III his hand. No
cause for the tragedy is known.