Evening star., 1896-12-21
CAM ERON'S REPORT
CONTINUED from First .Page.)

dictum of Cannings was never, far as
We know, officially published IL was quot
ed by Lord John Russell. then her najes-
tvs principal secretary OF state for foreign
affairs, in the speech which he made IN
the house of commons May q, 1881, as
his single and sufficient authority to 1usti-
fy the step upon which ne ami MS col
leagues in the government had decided. OF
recognizing the belligerency of the power
or community which he officially called
the southern confederacy of America, and
which at that time had not ship at sea
or army land and which had given
as yet no official evidence of war TO the
same action was adopted by the govern
ment of France. which "con"ur-ed entirely
In the views of her majestys government,
ard whose concurrence. in the absence OF
protest objection by any other power.
made Russelfs view the accepted practice
of Europe.
Cannings recognition OF Greek belligerency
in 1s25. as well the joint recognition OF
the southern confederacy of America In
1s5f was only the first step toward an ar
ticipated system of Intervention
The Allied Powers.
Then France Joined with England and
Russia and the three powers on the 9th Of
July. 1897, united in formal treaty,
signed In London. which committed them
to armed Intervention in case the sultan
should still reject their proffered media
tion within the space of one month
The preamble to this treaty set forth the
motives which led the three sovereigns to
Intervene:
Penetrated with the necessity of putting
an end to the sanguinsry contest which
by delivering up the Greek provinces and
the isles of the archipelago TO all the dis
orders of anarchy. produces daily fresh i'm
pediments to the commerce of the Euro,
pean states, and gives occasion to piracies
which not only expose the subjects of the
high contracting parties to considerable
losses. but. besides. renders necessary bur-
GeuSOmp Of nr0fpprfOn and o.
preston, II. NJ. the King of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and
II. NJ. the King of France and Navarro
having besides received on the part of the
Greeks a pressing request to interpose their
mediation with the Ottoman porte, and
being. as well as II. NJ. the Emperor of all
the Russias animated by the desire of
stopping the effusIon of blood. and of
resting the evils OF all kinds which might
arise from the continuance of such state
of things. have resolved to unite their ef-
forts. and to regulate the operation thereof
by formal treaty. with a view of
establishing peace between the contending
parties by means of an arrangement which
Is called for much by humanity as by
the interests of the repose of Europe"
The treaty proceeded to bind the three
parties 10 offer their mediation Immediately
on the basis of Turkish suzerainty and
Greek Self-government: and in case Tur-
key should not accept within one month
the proposed mediation. the powers should
prevent further hostilities by ordering their
squadrons to interpoSe.
The Turkish government August 30 re-
iterated It's decided. unconditional. final
and Interchangeable refusal to receive any
proposition on behalf of the Greeks The
next day the ambassadors sent the neces-
sary orders to their squadrons. and In at
tempting to carry out these orders the ad-
mirals much to the regret of the British
government. brought on the battle of Nav
arino. October 20, 1927.
The Belgian Revolution.
The t,L
olution of 1880.
When the French revolution of july.
1880. occurred. ii spread instantly to the
Netherlands Toward the end Of August
ls5O. disturbances began. and soon became
so serious as to threaten grave complca-
tions abroad as well as at home.
Without concerting with or supporting
King William. the powers imposed an i'm
mediate armistice on both parties.
Naturally, the Belgian rebels then de-
clared themselves independent. With such
encouragement, their safety was guaran-
teed almost beyond the possibility Of risk
The claim of independence was made No
vember Is. 1880, and was recognized one
month later by the powers, in their seventh
conference. December 20 The representa-
tives of the five powers, whose names were
among the most famous in diplomacy-Tal-
leyrand. Lieven, Esterhazy. Palmerston
bulow-adopted without adhesion or even
an Invitation to be present, of the Neither
Iands minister a protocol. which an
ginning with the abrupt recognition of the
revolutionary government.
The plenipotentiaries of the Ave courts
having received the formal adhesion of the
belgian government to the armistice pro-
posed to II, and which the King of the
Netherlands has also accepted-the confer
ence VIII occupy itself in discussing and
concerning the new arrangements most
proper to combine the future ind.pendence
OF Belgium with the interests Gnd the Sc
curity OF the other powers, and the preser-
Fation OF the European equilibrium"
The Netherlands minister Immediately
recorded, December o. a formal protest
and reservation of King Williams right
10 decide on such Interior measures as
ms own dignity and the well-being of his
faithful subjects"
ne report tells of the protocol of Hol-
iano. ,ii. iolIowed by Holland military expe-
dltion. which was met by iOOp French
troops The report continues:
Thus within less Than a year after the
revolution had broken out and without
waiting for evidence of the right or the
military force Of the fnsurrection everv
sort OF Intervention took place Diplomatic
and military, joint and separate Nor did
ths intervention stop with the measures
taken Tor the succor of Belgium. As King
william of Holland continued to reject th,1
conditions imposed by the powers and held
Antwerp as pledge for more favorable
CONDITIONS OF peace, the governments of
France and England abandoning the Euro
pean concert. announced that they should
put their naval and military forces in mo-
ton. and accordingly the British govern
ment, November =. 1892 embargoed Dutch
ships and blockaded the Dutch coast. while
the French army. November IA. formally
laid siege to Antwerp
Inc report says that the Polish rebellion
or lS5l seemed to have value as a pre-
cedent except as far II offered an ex-
ample OF the power of Russia as The Bel
gian insurrection had shown the power of
England and France when in union
Hungary's Revolt.
The next European people who claimed
recognition as an independent member of
the family of nations seems TO have been
the Hungarians.
On the 14th OF April. 1s49 the Hungarian
diet formally declared Hungary an indie
pendent state, and the Hapsburg dynasty
forever deposed from the throne. The next
day the diet elected Louis Kossuth pro-
visional president.
The young emperor. Francis Joseph IN
stantly appealed for aid to Car Nicholas
OF Russia. who instantly interviewed The
car issued manifesto. April 27 stating
the facts and the grounds on which his in
tervention was believed to be legitimate
This paper founded the right of interven-
ton. not on the weakness of the belliSer-
ent, but on his strength. Russia asserted
rarA A1Nr.t .tx. tar IL.