The sun., 1896-09-20
xorrs or SCIENCE Arp rxpUsrR1.

In the river Seine q small quantity OF gold e1ists
in state OF division nue as to be invisible to the
unaded eye, and Il IL said that when the aand OF
the river near Paris Ia used in making glass, the
crucibies in which II nis melted are frequently
found to he giidod over at tho bottom. In former
times, in fact sort OF mining was In vogue on
the Seine. at Paris, carried on by mon who would
buy ive francs, worth of quicksilver, and, after
passing the sand of the river IL all day would
sell IL In the evening for ak or seven francs-a
kind OF work which, however, for some reason
was discontinued. Almost all the rivers OF Europe
carry smal quantities OF gold in their sands sucn
tho Rhine. the Seine, the Aar. the Reuse tho
Danube, and others. aiso.the Clyde and many other
streams in Scotland, Ireland, wales, and Corn
WALL ard though ton OF sand from the bed Of
the Rhine, for instance, yields only nine and one
half grains of gold. one. NTH OF an ounce, yet
the total amount of the yellow metal In that one
liver Is believed to be immense. II has been found
indeed, by careful scientific examination and cal
culation, that that part of the river Rhine aione
which flows through what was formerly q portion
OF French territory, contains less than SO, 900
tons of pure gold.
The Introduction OF new process OF braIins. by
means OF an improved hearth or table. is said by
the Rard,oare Trade Journal greatly facilitate
and render more perfect all workmanship in that
limo. This new table can be worked by O foot bel
lows supplying the blast instead of the fan, thus
saving much time and labor, but for brazing large
work tho fan draughtis, OF course, superior. A
perforated table is nIeu around the inside Of the
larger tables, tho perforations serving air
passages for distrbutinr the heat glow. and thus
by Its oven discharge over the articles under tho
brazing operation, prevents the "buokIing" 20
common in the old procers. Fire may be concon
trated according TO the size of the article TO be
soldered, and the blast may bo increased dmin.
shed at will by means OF o tap; and thus, the
whole operation OF running tho solder into tho
joints or artices-the putting OF them together
may be performed with perfect ease and certainty.
The revival OF the 'iost art" or ancient wax
process in sculpture, has lately been accomplished
in this country by q well. known Rhode Island
ist Hippolyte L. Hubert, notably in bust OF the
late Judge Carpenter OF that State The process is
public, except in one particular, tho hardening OF
the gelatine used. The clay or plaster bust 10 Gov
cred with clay coating OF thickness; this 10
again coated with plaster, the clay being used to
give the thickness of the gcletine; both clay and
plaster arc then removed in two sections. The
clay is taken from the plaster, aud the space be.
tween the work and the plaster nlled with Gela-
tine, prepared by the process TO resiht the
action OF heat. The geiatine into moulds,
closely adherins TO every feature OF the work. and
is now prepared receive the wax. which is at.
tached to tho gelatine mould until thick enough
coating is obtained when the geiatine mould is at
ohCo icinONeu huu may DO melteO anu ubeu again.
Tho whole secret of the process 10 in the prepara
tion of the geatne resist the action Of tho
hot wax. Tho wax model thus obtained fs hollow
and very light, 10 an exact reproduction of the
origi al bust, and may be given any finishing
touches that tho sculptor desires. Being sus
ceptible to tho action OF the atmosphere and of
heat, these wax models kept floating in water
until the time they are conveyed 70 the foundry.
Tho work of the sculptor is then finished. and the
success OF tho casting depends, OF course, the
founder.
The fame OF the Krupp works at Essen, West
phalfa, as the vastest industrial establishment In
the world. appears to be still maintained. At
present the establishment consists of two steel
works with fifteen Bessemer converters, four steel
works with siemens. Martin open hearth furnaces,
iron, steel, and brass foundries; pudding, melt
ing, reheating, and anneaiing furnaces; draw
benches; . hardening and tempering department.;
fle mauufactory; rolling mills for plates rails.
and tires: railway spring and wheel mandatory:
steam hammers, forges, axle turning shop, boiler
shop engineering, and repair shops. Besides the
above and many other departments at Essen
nected with the making of cannon, there steel
works at Amen, in westphalia three coIlieries in
Westphaa, besides participation in several others;
SAT iron mines in Germany, various iron mines in
Bilbao, in Spain; four iron works, Including one
at Duisburs. one at Engers. one at Neuweit, and
ono at sahn; various quarries of clay, sandstone,
&C., four steamers. and artillery ground at Mop.
pen, Hanover. Tne property owned extends over
nearly $500 acres, and the number OF hands EN-.
ployed in the mines and steel works is about that
figure. There altoeether ! 800 furnaces OF va
rious kinds. twi:e as many engines and machine
tools. 22 roll trains III steam hammers. two hy.
draulic presses. 96s stationary boilers, and 4el
steam, engines, representing together o force OF
$3.50 horse power.
very simple apparatus only is needed. says the
Electro Chemical Zeitschrltt. TO demonstrate the
high Illuminating power of acetylene gas and
this may consist OF glass tube supported by O
foot and nttcd with a stopcock, at its lower end
having a small opening for the removal OF the
water OF condensation, and at the upper end tube
of thin platinum forming the extremity of the
vurner; about forty lve grains OF carbide OF cal.
cium are placed in the tube with some drops of
water then the cock is opened and the issuing gas
lighted. good lighting agent not only give an
bright light, but must also be cheap and the prod
ucts OF combustion and the heat evoved be COM
paratively feebleall these factors being affected
OF course, by the construction of either lamp or
burner. In ability to burn pure acetylene the lamp
of schulke is cvnSplcuousiy before the public: the
cost per hour Is given at about the same kero
sene when used in the same lamp, but the heat
evolved is only a third and the carbo MO anid a
NTH of that emitted when using oil.
ihere useu 10 ue heiu, IN accordance with Murchi
sons well known geological views, the general
theory that mountains were mainly due to cracks
which took place In the surface OF the earth in re-
mote periods but this idea Is no longer entertained
by scientific men. As 10 the form OF mountains,
that which Is known taoe mountain finds the
best example, curiously enough, at the Cape OF
Good Hope, mountain. It is believed, due not TO
any action or phenomenon OF upheaval. but to the
sinking OF the surrounding districts territory.
Why these peculiarly defined did not sink was
owing, II is thought TO tn" probable fact that the
ground under them cooled before the rest OF the
section, ana thus the table mountain had the earlier
foundation and has long retained its place; there
would always he denudation, however, though pro-
portionate with Its surroundings, and therefore,
owing this fact OF being higher the start II still
keeps To Its approximate elevation.
The fact seems to have been legally assured that
Photographic copies of original not TO he &C.
cepted as proof before a court inasmuch as photo
graphs may easily be changed TO suit the wish. A
weil.known photographer is quoted authority for
the statement that such changes may be produced
without any special diniculty-that pictures can
be made 10 show tho body OF ono person with the