davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-10-02
NEWS OF The DAY.

The President has appointed Francis
T. Clsussen assayer OF the mint at New
Orleans
ce-Pre=ident Stevenson was only
slightly injured By the collapse OF q
reviewing stand at Burlington, Iowa,
yesterday.
The yiennz correspondent OF the
London Daily Mail telegraphs to his
paper as follow= The powers have
agreed upon pacific settlement OF the
Eastern question, honorable to all par
ties, and amply guaranteeing the secur-
ity OF the Armenians."
Justice Field, OF the [. 5. Supreme
Court, has returned TO Washington,
after summer spent in California.
The Justice mas been in feeble health
for some months, bu. expects TO be able
TO sit on the bench curing most, if not
all, OF the coming tenn Of the Supreme
Court.
Senator Jones has determined TO con-
centrate the energy Of the democratic
national committee on Illinois and In
diana during the closing weeks OF the
campaign. Both are in the doubtful
column. The republicans are receiv-
ing discouraging reports from Minneso-
ia and Michigan.
The recent storm at Boydton was
very severe. Houses were wrecked
and blown down, fences were swept
away, and trees were uprooted. Sta
bles and barns were demolished, and
many horses and cattle we're killed
or Injured. a train on the Atlantic &
Danville ran into several trees blown
across the track, the windows were
smashed and several passengers, includ-
ing Mr.. Z. T. Thorp. we're more or less
painfully injured by cuts and bruises
inflicted by the broken glass.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-10-02

TOE RENT.
sIX-ROOM and BATH BRICK a1J,s
0riel window. Buff brick and brown.
Side garden. Healthiest location Fine
All modern Improvements Cou7el.el,
local depot and electric road. L Eea.e-
once only $i5.
WHEAT * SUTEE
1905 Pennsylvania ave. Wsshir-;7u.
or AZ S. Fairfax street, Aleyani..s \
sen15 II
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-10-02

DALLARDFALE LITHIA WATEk
- sale by rcp s5ye
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-10-02

4 LUMINUM CONES VIII neiiler NA.
N nor tarnish, much SUPERB and .'.'
dufsble that Horn, Ivory. Shell - Sv'
and will not break, for sale ~
F 5. LEADBEATER y soy
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-10-02

NOTICE.-The regular monthly el
~ ton of MOUNT VERNON EGl 81
ARCH CHAPTER. No. II VI. oc
the tabernacle THIS Friday EN y
October 2nd, at 80 O'Clock. BE- o.--
the Most Excellent High Priest.
II K kEMPEB See-e
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-10-02

HOUSE, with all modern imTr7r
No. 1912 Prince street. In .uire s, -
King street oc,-
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-10-02

ALEXANDRIA, Va, October 2na i-.'.
NvOTICE is hereby given that ;se
y nership OF me firm OF
SONS is this day dissolved by mutua
49, J. HARRY 81.
oct2 81 JOHN ; RICa
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1896-10-02

a LUNINUM COMBS, unbrsabaoie'
N sale by ,,,rro 8 .OVs
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02
JUDGE #. r. MONTGOMERY AND
THE TENsAs BAR.

AT a meeting of the Bar and officers
of the Court for Tensas parish, held
at ST. Joseph ON April 21st, in the
court room after the Adjournment of
court, Judge Thomas p. Clifton was
called to the chair and Mr.. A. E..
Green was requested TO act as Secre-
tary.
Mr.. II. A. Garrett explained the
object to be to express the sentiments
of the meeting upon the retirement
from the bench of Hon. Field T. Mont
gomery and their appreciation for the
manner in which be has presided over
this court for the past four years, and
upon motion Of Mr.. Garrett, COM
mittee of the members of the meeting
was appointed to draft suitable reso-
lutions.
Col. w. c. Young, Judge S. c..
Young and Mr.. IL. A. Garrett were
appointed as the committee, who re-
ported the following resolutions:
Whereas, The Hon. Field f. Mont
gomery has been the presiding Judge
of this court for the past four years,
and
Whereas, The members of this Bar
and officers of this court, for Tensas
parish, desire to express, in public
manner, their regard for him both as
the presiding officer of this conrt aud
as man, at the close of his term of
Office with us; therefore be it
Resolved, That il is the sense of this
meeting that Judge Montgomery has
discharged the delicate aud difficult
duties Of his positions with marked
ability, fairness and uniform courtesy,
and that at parting we extend to bin
our sincere thanks for the pleasant re-
lations that have ever existed between
us, 10 which he has contributed so
much, and we trust that in his con-
nection with his fellow men, and in all
the relations of life, he may meet with
the same cordial appreciation which
has characterized his intercourse with
the people of Tensas parish.
Respectfully submitted,
W. G. YOUNG,
sc. You've,
Fl. A. GARRETT.
THOS. P. CLINTON, Chairman
ABNEY II. GREEN, Secretary.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

Scarborough to Lake. up Lake to Sparrow,
down Sparrow to Second, up Second TO
Levee, up Levee to Lake, down Lake TO the
Engine House, where the command will be
dismissed by the Grand Marshal.
immediately upon the dismfssal OF the
parade every person is expected to parti-
cipate in the festivities at Arlington.
The committee of arrangements will see
that all visitors are properly cared for on
the picnic grounds SO that all may enjoy
the festivities of the occasion. 1t is intend.
ed that the people assembled shall be en-
tertained in . suitable manner.
No carriages, bugg1es or horses viii be
permitted to remain within the enclosure
of the Arlington Grounds, but must bt
hitched on the outside in order that thu
trees and ehubbery may suffer no damage
YANCEY BELL, Grand Marshal.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

We regret to learn from a letter
from Major L. K. Barber, dated the
25ih, that his health is not good and
will probably take round trip sea-
voyage to the Central American coast
this week, hoping to be benefited by
the trip. We hope the Major will be
entirely restored to health.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

There's no risk for you in buying
the BUCKSKIN BREECHES. No
risk for the dealer in selling them. If
there's any kind of weakness or fault
about them, You get another pair, or
your money back. We don't run any
risk ourselves. We know they are all
right-know they are the best working
pants that can be bad, at any price.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

For The dudes-Earl g. Wilson col.
lars and cuffs, elk BOSOM shirts
beautiful line of neckwear, tau shoes
at Whites. You are bound to have
something in this line for the May day
celebration, and as White is the only
one who handles these furnishings, &c
down and make your purchases in
stead of sending eff for them.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

Since the organization of the Build
ing aud Loan Association that institu-
ton has made twenty-three loans,
amounting to'several thousand dollars,
and the income to the Association ia
nearly three hundred dollars per
month.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

Hon. Chas. S. WHY tried hard to
get out of town on Saturday last with
out letting us know anything about it..
He left for Columbia, Tenn, where he
was u3ited In marriage to Miss Katie
Decker on Wednesday. Mr.. and Mrs.
WHY are popular in our town, where
both have q legion of friends, who
wish them unbounded happiness.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

The Tensas Gazette says that "Judge
F. F. Montgomery closed his last term
of court in this parish on Tuesday, the
21st of April. just before the adj
iournment of court he took occasion,
in most feeling and impressive man-
ner, to assure the members of the Bar
aud officers of the Court, aud the poo
pie of this parish, that his connection
with them had been of the very pleas
ATTEST nature. After the adjourn
ment of Court there was meeting OF
the members of the Bar and officers OF
the Court, the proceedings OF which
appear elsewhere in our columns"
We give room in to-day's issne OF the
resolutions, which are highly compii-
mentary TO His Honor.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02
MAY PICNIC.

The Ladies' Parsonage Society will
furnish dinner and refreshments on
the grounds at Arlington on the day
OF the picnic at the following prices
Dinner, including deserts aud coffee
Scots The menu will consists of the
usual picnic substantials. Extra ice
cream, cake and lemonade will be
served at reasonable prices.
The ladies solicit liberal public
patronage.
MRS. j. N. KENNEDY,
President.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

Physicians everywhere prescribe
Live Oak Rye, and professional men
use Il in preference TO all others, and
have found it the purest and best
Uncle Phil Mcclure can supply son.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02
MRS. W. N. WHIrE, Secretary.

NOTICE-A meeting of The Vestry
of Grace Church is called for We'd
ncsday, May 9th, at IL O'Clock, to at
tend to important business.
w. II. BENJAMIN.
Senior Warden.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

Messrs. Leo Shields and Charles E.
Beard and Miss Ethel Egelly went to
Tallulah on "Wednesday to attend a
grand bah.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

Col. w. FL. Benjamin has notice in
another column calling together the
Vestry of Grace Church to meet in
town on Wednesday, the 9th. I'M
portant business is to be transacted.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

Several of the boys are talking
about praciicing up for ball game
on the 9th, but from the way things
Hook they are scared Of the sun, or
think they do not need any practice.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02
TO THE TRADE.

tgJ. &. p. Coats Spool Cotton
at As less per cent. This price is
to merchants only.
w. n. WHITE, ACT.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

1t will be gratifying news to the
many Episcopalians of our parish to
learn that Bishop Sessums will be in
our town on Sunday, June 14tb. The
services will be at IL a. M, with Holy
Communion aud Sacrament of Confir-
nation. Those wishing to be con-
firmed should confer with the Rev.
Mr.. Mack before the time if possible.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

The 4lh annual statement of the
Lake Providence Building 81 Loan
Association, Limited. appears in this
issue of the Banuer-Democrat, and we
ask our readers to peruse it carefully,
especially those who have tried to run
it down. The statement speaks for
itself and shows how we'll the affairs OF
the association have been managed by
the gentlemen at the head of it.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

Rev. c. Maize will leave tomorrow
for New York, thence he win take
passage for France, where he expects
to remain about five months visiting
his parents. Five years have passed
since the reverend gentleman's last
trip to his old home, and we know
that his home coming is awaited with
10y by his loved ones. We join with
our entire community in wishing
Father Maize bon voyage aud safe
return among us.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

II is said that there will be a boat
race on Wednesday next for large
sum Of money.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02
RIVER GAUGE.
Gauge report for week ending April

FhII durlDg week II.IU.
Highest water was June /. 1892, gauge
read 400.
VS.. mcguire. Observer.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

The children Of the public school
are rehearsing their parts for the
Of the May Queen.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

The money question is going to
split the Prohibition party.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

The rain on Wednesday was what
tho planters wanted if there bad only
been enough to do any good. We
learn that from Carrollton up, the
planters got all the rain they wanted,
but below Carrollton and down
around Winterfield aud the river front
there was only a light shower. A
good soaking rain is very much
needed, aud it is to be hoped the
farmers will get it.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

Services at the Catholic Church to-
morrow at 8 O'clock.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02
SCHOOL REPORT.


The following is report of the
Providence Graded School for the
month ending April II, 1896:
Primary Observation-Disclosures on
roll, 90 ; average daily attendance, Is !;
neither absent nor tardy, 8: Helen
Fatherree, Nettie Fousse, Jennie Gil
more, JEFF Fatberree, Vail Montgom-
cry, George Wilmington and Rosa
Fousse.
MISS LAURA DAVIS, Teacher.
Second Observation-Disclosures on
roll, % ; average daily attendance 25 ;
neither absent nor tardy, 10: Pearl
Fisher, Annie Bell Beard, Claire
Burney, Mary Blount, Katie Davis,
Irene Millikin, Leila Taylor, Essie
Wilmington, Julia Williams, Eddie
Hamley, Carroll Beard, Otto Hall,
Sidney Guenard, Tom Montgomery,
Cleveland O'Sulligan and Wiley Wood.
MISS bessie BELL, Teacher.
First Observation-Disclosures on roll,
IL, average daily attendance, Is;
neither absent nor tardy, II: Julia
May Burney, Carrie Fousse, Jackie
Goodwin, Marian Hamley, Charlie
Hall, Narciss Kennedy, Isabel Mont
gomery, Marguerite Montgomery,
Conery Purdy, Robert Richard, Clar-
ence Smith and Mary Wilson.
MISS MAUD TAYLOR. Teacher.
Grammar OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES ON
roll, 10 average daily attendance, IL
neither absent nor tardy, 2: Katie
Kennedy, Carrie White, Alice Fousse,
Elodie Brown, Bloss Ashbridge, Fred
Egelly and Benton Millikin.
This month shows 43 neither absent
nor tardy, the largest number this
term. Let us haYe at least SO next
month.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02
B. F. DUDLEY, Principal.

Misses Jackson and Montgomery
received this morning c beautiful line
of HATS for the ladies and children to
select from. Misses Jackson and
Montgomery made this selection spec
tally tor the May doings, and if q lady
or child has not an up to date hat for
the May picnic, they're are not in 1t.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

Flower Girls and Boys-Pearl Fisher,
Florence White, Lillian Powell. Anna Bell
Beard, Rebecca Bass. Rosie Fossc, Eddie
Hamley, Sidney Guenard. Otto Hall, Joe
Montgomery, Willie Hamley, Vail Mont
gomery.
Queens Escorts-C onery Purdy, Fred
EgeIfy, Jesse Gardham. Felix Taylor. Sam
OsSuiliyan, Robt. Richard, Marian Ham
ley, Chas, Hail, Cleveland 0'Sullivan, Tom
Powell
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1896-05-02

The beautiful custom inaugurated
by Providence Fire Company years
ago in having the children of our pub
lie school take part in their festivities
with the browning of the May Queen
is still in vogue, and on Wednesday
next will witness one of the prettiest
scenes one would wish to look at.
The May Queen aud her Court are
The evening times., 1896-12-07
CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD.
Theories Which Account for the
Functions of the Vital Fluid.


Do you know that some of the very best
physicians in the land arc far from being
satisfied that the hearts, the organ which
causes the blood to circulate in the veins
and arteries? The theory of Harvey,
which maintains that the impulsive stroke
OF the heart is the ''sole motive power" is
disputed by persons who know more about
blood circulation in minute than he ever
did in his life. Various causes for the
phenomena of blood circulation are as
signed by the different students of the
subject, but the majority of those who
differ from Harvey say that the true cause
of circulation is to be found in respiration.
That function brings carbon into the lungs
This carbon mixes with the venous blood
the mixture forming the true fuel of
animal life.
The Ayascn which is also taken into the
carbon and Slow form Of combustion
cnsues. Wherever combustion is going on
heat is evolved. In this case the heat is
communicated to the blood, which is about
seven-eighths water. The lungs. being in
partial vacuo, and having temperature
of at least 35 degrees abeye that required
To change water into vapor when the water
in question Is in n complete yacuurn) J, steam
is generated. This cnlargcs the volume OF
the blood and exerts a specific force. The.
valves on the right side OF the heart close
against this force, while those on the left
open to give 1t free passage. Thus, ac-
cordng 10 this theory, the true motive power
is produced which first causes and then
keeps up the circulation Of the blood.
When this theory Is Ella boratcd 1t is very
conclusvely proved that the heart has moth
ing whatever to do with the circulation OF
the blood, but To determine by its valves
the COURSE OF the current and by the me-
chanical force of the stroke to eQuaIize
tia flow.-St. Louis Republic.
The evening times., 1896-12-07
= RALTlMoRE -
= AND OHM
RAILROAD.

Schedule in effect December :, 1856.
Leave Washington from station corner OF
New Jersey avenue and { street
For Chicago and Northwest. Vesiibuled
Limited trains, 1000 a. In.. sos p. IN
Fer Cincinnati, ST. Louis and Indianapolis.
Eestibuled Limited, $40 p. IN; express,
For Pitfsburg and Cleveland. express
daily. 1000 a. m and $50 p. N.
For Winchester and way stations, 10 a.
For New orleans, Memphis, Birmingham,
hnoATe ay ilfe1e hF5@i cTs ans
ror Lnray, $40 p m daily,
For Baltimore, week days, SEQ, $50,
xI2.UU i. M, x12.O5, 12lo ., xl2. 30, x3.0o,
ssS; xtS5' 81 40; % xs'9S' 10 20 5S' 1f3G'
XII p Pm. @ ana xiaoi night % suhdays
x7.O5, x7IU, $50, 1890 a. IN, XII, ,U5,
xi235,e LOO, LOO, $500, So 49, x2;gS;
p. m, xI2.Ol night.
For Annapolis, : 10 ands so a m, 1 21o
and 4-36 p. IN, Sundays, $50 j. n, 40
For Frederick. week days, 7.35 a, m,
1900 noon, 4:3o, $50 p. In Sundays,
116 p. III.
For Boyd and way points, week days,
7.3o q. m, 80. $50, 7.05 p. IN sun
days, 10, 1.05 p. IN.
For Gaithersburg and way points, wees
days, Z So, 500 a. m, 1850, s. 10, 1880.
4 3}. $50, 1.U5, 40 y. IN SUNDAYS,
800 a. IN, 10, 4.5O, . 90. 10 / 5 p. IN.
For Washington Junction and way points,
7.35 "a m, 4.30, $50 p. IL. week days
l.15 p. IN. Sundays.
For Cape May, 10 a. m, 9 noon.
ROYAL BLUE LINE FOR NEW YORK
AND PHILADELPHIA.
All trains illuminated with FintSch light.
For Philadelphia, New York, Boston, ana
the East, week days, 90, uO.CO u. IN
Dining Carl, 90 tl2.35 Dining carr, zoe.
t5U5 Dining Carl, u2.el night; Sleeping
Car open at 90 o'clocsl, sundays, 900
a. m. Dining Carl, t12 ;35 Dining Car S.on.
IS O5 Dining Carl, 2.01 night, sleeping ear
open ten O'clock. Additional trains lor
Philadelphia, week days, .O5 a III, dailt.
& 90 p. m.
For Atlantic City, 1000 q. m, 1900
noon, and 2-35 p. m. week days 1885
d. m. Sundays.
Except sunday. Daily- AEAltcSs
trains.
RagEare called for and checked from
notes and residences by Union Transfer
Co. on orders left at ticket offices, 6l9
PENNSYLVANIA avenue n. W., New YORK
avenue and Fifteenth street, and az depot
WM N. GREEN, CHAS. o. SCuLL,
Gen. Manager. zen. fass- 4 ST.
The evening times., 1896-12-07
Southern Railway.
PIEDMONT AIR LINE.)
tscheduIe in effect December !S96.l
An trans arrive and leave Pennsy yisanla

tfScbetluIe in effect December 1856.
An trans arrive and leave Pennsy ylyanla
a. TS'-Daiiy. local for DAM iiic. char
lotte and way stations, connects at Mains
Sac i"r s"i'sSeit; Aa.''su u,!nG,i. i,--,t
and at Lynchpurg with the Norfolk and
western, daily. and with the Chesapeake
and Ohio. daily, for the Material Bridge
I1.15a m.-Daily the UNITED STATE3
FAST MAIL carries PuiiiDan Buffet Sleep
ers- New York and Washington TO Jackson
sinsner se qnl1ng ier shevIe h and Hot SPRING.
q. Knoxville and Chattanooga. Tenn. and
at Charlotte with Puiinan sleeper Tor
Ton to Galveston, Tex via Montgomery.
New Orleans and Houston, and Pullman
Sleeper, New York to Atlantst = solid tram
ci,,Utst. sunset personally cOiuuctcu tDur-
isl excursion through sleeper on this Train
every Saturday TO San Francisco. WITHOUT
eilr 4.1I o. m.-Local for Front Royal, stras-
purg and HarrisonburS, daily. except Sdii-
day. ,-,-.,,.
16,43 n m.NDaiiy, WASHINGTON AND
SOUTH WESTERN, VESTlBuLED. LIN,
TIED. composed OF fuiihan nh a NGsrSi.ea eoacd..s
Fulifnan Sleepers rev York Ia Ashryil!e
and Hot springs, n coi;,pNsa Si New r.r, Tork 70
and Jacksonville. and New York to Mem
phis via Birmingham. New York to New
Orleans VIA AtIanti wv
fiiIuieti day coach Washington to AtilI.tb.
Southern Railway dining car, Greensboro L.
Mont gomery:
DIVISION leave Wasnin; lou 9:ol n. n.
daiiy and f:4o p. m, 0aly. except Su.s-
day and 6.25 d. M. sLnUaS only, f"c
Round Hill; 4:3: p. m. dany, eXcepl su;.-
day, for Leesburg. aud Go y. III. daGiy fur
Herndon- Returning. arrive at Washing
ton S:26 Il III. ana .S:UU u. IN. daily, IrvIn
Round Hill, and 7:O6 a. III. daily, excepI
Sunday. from Hernuon, and s::ii IA. II.
daily except Sunday. from LccsburR
Througn trains from the South arrive as
Washingto 6:42 q. m. 2:20 p. m, and
6:A0 p m, daily, MANASSAS division:
lao -. NJ tL'iis- e., 'islr ..lu
S:3O a. m. daily, from charlottesville.
Ttkets, sleeping car reservation and In
SormaIion Iurnislled nt offices, 81 i, ANA
4H0O Pepus yivania avenue and st Penn.
SHxiySufa Railroad Passenger Stastone
i. n, CULP, Traffic Manager.
w. A. Turk. Gen. Pass. Agent.
l.. 8. BROWN .Gcu-Agent Pass DOPE