davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
500 FOR ONE KISS.
Freddie Youns's .,souiatory Experiences
Costs Kim Dear.

Costs Kim Dear.
1t cost Freddie Young just $loo 10
kiss Hattie Price. Not 500 IN theater
tickets. street car fares, ice cream socla-
bles and pink teas, but 500 in single
lump.
The kiss occurred Monday evening at
the Van Barren Street station OF the IL
1inois Central railroad Its valao was
fixed yesterday By Justice Underwood
at the Harrison Street police court
Freddie had not counted ON kisses COM
ing SO high He did not come prepared
to pay SO much. So last night he sat III
the county jail and thought and thought
and thought
He was not especially sad, was Fred
die. After the judge assessed him $lOo
for single kiss he thanked his lucky
stars he had not kissed Miss Price three
or four times OF Rugged her, on held
her hand for half an hour.
sFor if | had, said Freddie naively,
as he stood in the middle of his cell and
kicked vigorously at himself, Il should
probably have been hung or sent to the
penitentiary for life. y
The tragedy occurred on the plat
form of the Van Buren, street station
As Freddie approached the station on the
fatal evening the dusk was falling.
Freddie was also falling-now and
then. He had tar1ied at divers Wine
shops, and his pathway to the station
across the Lake Front park was cratic.
While sitting Oh bench listening &c
the sad nurmur of the waves Miss Hat
tie Price, the heroine Of the little
drama, approached Freddie and Miss
Price had never met before, but i'll the
condition in which Freddie was that
did not bother him in the least. In fact,
he wasn't quite sure whether it was 8
woman or the Illinois Central depot,
But as the depot, together with the sta
ton and the Auditorium, had just
strollGd by and were not due again fol
two minutes, Freddie decided 1t must
be woman.
He Immediately decided he loved her.
In his joy he sprang to his feet an(
threw his arms around three or foul
feet of atmosphere i'll frantic attempl
to hug the object Of his alteration FL
nally, by u tremendous effort, he caught
her hand and succeeded III kissing Miss
Price. She screamed, and the commut
ers dashed to the rescue. Freddie
crawled up on the railing and fell ovel
into the park and into the arms of Pc
liceman McGrath
Justice Underwood did the rest. -
Chicago Tribune.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
UNIQUE TICKETS.
Those Giving Admission to the Republican
National Convention.

National Convention.
The subcommittee of the Republican
national committee having charge of
the arrangements for the st. Louis con-
vention is taking unusual precautions
to prevent any one not entitled to adj
mission to the convention hall from
getting ill., To do this successfully
special ticket has been designed, and
the design is che SO carefully and elab-
orately made that eounterfeiting will be
out of the question.
Across the face of the ticket will be
scene representing the greater part of
the Eads bridge, taken from the east
side Of the river, together with birds
eye view Of the St. Louis river front.
In the right hand corner will be a scene
representing General Grants old log
cabin, and in the opposite corner will
be scroll, i'll which the number of the
ticket will be inserted.
The back of the tickets will be en-
graved very much after the style of the
back Of a bank note, with geometrical
scrollwork, that even the man who
made it could not duplicate. The
tickets are to be printed by machinery
from steel engrayings. The process is
something entirely new.-St. Louis
Post dispatch.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
A Card.

To my friends who have solicited
me to become a candidate for School
Director, beg to say, must re-
specially decline to report favorably
to the call. cannot see wherein my
service in the capacity of director
can better the condition. During the
present scholastic year | have
watched the progress of the public
school work, and pronounce it good.
Some one has introduced reforms
without hombast or parade, " hieh
rebounds favorabiy ia the public
school service. will vote for the
present hoard, believing it best to
let we'll enough alone, and hoping
there will be no untried opposition
j. w. BoCAGE.
May s. 1896.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Through Tie Eanificence Ct Il prom
inent merchant Ct Boston, whose name
is nat made known, Harvard university
IS to have another department added to
its medical school hat of comparative
pathology. The benefactor advances the
sum of 500, 000 Tor The endowment of
the chair. The value of the gift is aug.
mented by the fact that this was the
first establishment of professcrship of
comparative pathology in any Of the
great universities in America, for. out.
side of the veterinary schools, there has
been no such thing as chair Of this
description in the medical departments
of the colleges. The professor is to be a
member Of the medical faculty. New
York Herald
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
ELECTRIC STREET CARS.
Talked BY Col. Fordyce at Big
Meeting at the Bluff City
Club Hall Yester-
day.

AS stated in yesterdays GRAPHIC,
Col. $. w. Fordyce met n large
number OF citizens in the parlors
of the Bluff City Club han yesterday
afternoon and talked electric street
cars to them. Col. Fordyce repeated
in the main his informal talk at the
Citizens Bank yesterday morning,
published in yesterdays GRAPHIC. to
the effect that it would require
100000 to convert our present street
car line into an electric system, and
that the st. Louis owners OF the line
would furnish three-fourths of that
amount if Pine Bluff citizens would
fournish the other one-fourth.
After the conclusion of Col. For
dyce's remarks, a committee con-
sisting OF Messrs. j b. Trulock, S.
Geisreiter and W III. Langford was
appointed TO consider such definite
propositions as might be made by
the 81. 4;:;.;::,ss 49,; CT tie street
ear line to the citizens of Pine Bluff,
looking to the change of the line into
an electric system.
The committee expects to hear
from these gentlemen after Col. For
dyce's return to st. Louis, at which
time the proposition will be placed
before the public.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
EXPERIMENT.
Cows Suffering with tuberculosis to BE
Treated With Consumption Lymph.

Cows Suffering With Tuberculosis to BE
Treated With Consumption Lymph.
Aseptolin, the lymph whose efficacy
in consumption was discovered and
demonstrated by DR. Cyrus A. Edison,
the New York bacteriologist, has been
successfully used ON members of the hui
man family as represented in the West
ern penitentiary.
Dr. Robert Jennings, Jr., the veter-
marian of Pittsburg, has arranged for
making the first test ever made any
where of the lymph in curing cows
afflicted with tuberculosis The test will
be made ON six valuable cows of the
herd belonging to Gottlieb Fleclxner,
the Fair Oaks farmer, that have given
unmistakable evidences of tuberculosis
Everything possible to aid in the work
has been provided by powerful interests
affected and thorough preparation made
to assure the absolute correctness of the
results. About ak weeks time will be
required for The treatment of the AM,
mails. Philadelphia Telegraph
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
READY AT REPARTEE
LORD CHIEF JUSTICE RUSSELL 70
VISIT OUR SHORES.

he Is Said to BE One of tho WittIest Mon
In England-wfI Be the Guest of the
American Bar Association While In This
Country.
So the American Bar association Is to
entertain the lord chief justice of Eng
land 1t is TO be hoped that he will not
wear his wig IF he does, it will rain
icicles in Saratoga. If he doesn't, the
American Bar association will vote him
a jolly good fellow.
He is an Irishman too. The great pop
ular lawyers in London are Irishmen.
They possess the ready wit to compel at
tention and the necessary gift of 'gab, +"
love of politics and the urbanity to win
friends and influence.
Lord Russell of Halloween was ono of
the greatest trial lawyers in England.
He played star part in the Gordon
Cumming baecarat scandal and in the
Parnell case. Then politics landed him
in the chief Justices chair. Because he
is chief justice it must not be taken for
granted that he is the greatest lawyer in
England. He is not He was more of a
criminal lawyer than lawyer of the
type of Mr.. Choate, Mr. Root or Mr..
Coudert He got some of his greatest
glory ont of cases which in America
would have gone by common consent to
Abe Hummel.
An unknown lawyer with a great
office practice, such as Mr.. Fuller or
his predecessor, Mr.. Waite, could never
become chief justice of England. Mr..
Russell worked hard for the Liberal
party, and the Liberal party rewarded
him.
His lordship is moro OF tho type OF
great lawyers whom we knew in Amer
lea III Webster time than the leaders
at the bar we know now. He is a fine
orator. The lawyers will enjoy hearing
him speak at Saratoga
He has touch of the Irish brogue,
which, when combined with genius
for "blarney, is delightful and ire
sistible lie, Sir Richard Webster, his
old antagonist and now attorney gen
eral, and Mr.. Balfour are said to be the
three readiest men at repartee in Eng
land.
Many thought that his love Of repair
tee, his combative nature and his i'm
patience would prevent him from real
izing anything like judicial ideal. But
your Irish lawyer, with his 'blarney"
and his brogue, is nothing if not versa
tile. So Lord Russell disappointed his
enemies again by ultra patience and
calmness on the bench. Lord Russell is
a Cambridge man. His memory and his
stock of knowledge are something pro
digious He is tall and fine looking.
Sir Frank Lockwood, who will nc
company him, is even taller, with more
flesh to his account. and with round,
ruddy cheeks, and he always wears a
wig four sizes toe small for him. He
may be Lord Russell's successor on the
chief bench He is as yet n young man.
wears bart, :" 20. c., ON his
name, and is also an NJ P, by the way
though he is rarely in the commons
as most of the foremost lawyers are.
If he had not turned his attention to
the law, he might have become a Jer=
ONE X. Jerome. AS it is, he is one Of
the best after dinner speakers in Lon
don. The lawyers at Saratoga ought to
get him, Mr.. Choate and Mr.. Depew
into story telling match. New York
Press.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
A BOTTOMLESS LAKE.
1t Is In Kentucky-A Quaint Legend
About 1t.


About 1t.
A remarkable lake has been discov-
cred i'll Marshall county, near Benton,
KY 1t is known to very few even in
the county, but person who explored
it vouches for the following facts: The
lake is about so yards in width and 100
yards in length. The remarkable part
of it is that this sheet of water, which
is said to be bottomless, rests on the
brow of an elevation $50 feet high. The
water is exceedingly clear and rain
and drought have no effect upon the
stage of water.
1t is evidently not supplied by springs.
for it freezes in winter. All manner OF
fish abound in its clear depths. There
is legend 20 the effect that the Indians
sought the brow Of this steep mount to
dig place so deep that the paleface
could never find their treasures, and
finally the mighty interior of the
mount filled with water. Another
theory is tat in the remote past a vol
canic eruption or an earthquake caused
the phenomenon Cincinnati Enquirer
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
DANCE. AT THE ARLINGTON
Complimentary German rendered
Visiting Young Ladies.

All about the Arlington Hotel was
bright, merry and cherry last night,
the occasion being a complimentary
German rendered the visiting young
ladies by the young gentlemen of the
city.
There was goodly attendance,
and all present spent most enjoy
able evening.
After dancing the german until
midnight there was n short iRtermis-
sion foi refreshments, after which
dancing was resumed and continued
until 9 0 clock this morning.
During the evening Miss Blanche
Altheimer favored the audience with
several vocal selections, which was
a pleasing feature OF the occasion.
/ nose present anu pal sieip pa {,
were as follows:
Misses Blanche Altheimer, Lille
Blum, Josie Bluthenthal, Blanche
Bluthenthal, Mauie Dreyfus. Marian
Franklin, Beatrice " ertheimer, Cecil
Weis, Birmingham; Minnie Seissell,
Little Rock; Helen Rosenberg and
Roella Solmson; Messrs. j. X. Meyer,
Ben. Franklin, Herbert Bluthenthal,
Sam Katzenstein, S. A. Rosenberg,
Dave Franklin. Harry Solmson,
Simon StFanss, Sam Solnison, Lee
Wertheimer and Ike Miller.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
AN ACCIDENT
In Which Mr.. John Hon Gets
His Foot Smashed.

This morning Mr.. John Hon, in
the employ OF the Bridge Building
department of the Cotton Belt, got
his foot badly bruised and mashed
in the yards ut the shops. He at
tempted to cross between the cars and
put his foot on top OF the coupling
pin when tue ears came together,
badly iniuring his foot. He was
brought up town on switch engine
and taken to Dir. Troupe's Office,
where his injured foot was dressed.
His injuries are painful and will dis
able him for several days, but are
not regarded as serious.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
Cheap. Rates 10 Memphis via. cotton Belt
Route

Cheap rates to Memphis, annual
Tournament Memphis Gun Club.
May II to l6, 1896. The Cotton Belt
Route for this occasion sell tickets
at one and one-third fare on the
certificate plan. Tickets on sale
May to l6. Ticket agent for Mem
phis will honor certificates presented
for return passage mp to and includ-
ing May 10.
L. w. LABEAuME. j. w. FARLEY.
y. I, x j. A. Agent.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
How,s Thls2

We offer one hundred dollars reward for
any case of catarrh that cannot be cured by
Halls Catarrh Cure.
+. J. Cheney s Co. Props, Toledo, o.
We the undersigned have known f. i
Cheney for the last Is years and believe him
perfectly honorable in all business transac-
tions and financially able to carry cut any
obligations made by their firm.
WALDING, kINNAN 4 MARVIN.
Wholesale druggists. Toledo o.
WEST & TRuAx,
Wholesale druggists, Toledo o.
Halls Catarrh cure is taken informally.
acting directly upon the blood and mucous
surface of the system Price, 75c per bottle,
ar Hall family pills are the best,
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
A BLIND WONDER.
Never Made Figure In Her Life. We.
Does Problems with Ease.

Never Mado 81 Figure In Her Lie. y -
Does Problems with Ease.
A mathematical wonder is Mary Ellen
Rogers the blind daughter of Henry
Rogers, with whom she resides at 81
Winnie street, Lexington Ky. This
woman has been blind for "a years and
never made a figure in her life, yet she
can tell accurately the number Of days,
hours, minutes and seconds i'll year
and give the day of the week on which
any person is born if she is supplied
with the date.
She does this with lightninglike
rapidity She has been visited by a
number of professors, who have piled
her with intricate mathematical prob
lens, only to be answered quickly and
correctly. She says that Jesus Christ
was born on Monday. -Cincinnati En-
quirer.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Do Nor DESPAIR heeanse Won have
tried many medicines and have failed
to receive benefit. Remember that
Hoods Sarsaparilla cures when all
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Ono Good Point.

Englands campaign planned to take
the Sudan, if successful, will result in
the emancipation Of at least SOC, 900
slaves. Under the circumstances Ameri-
can sympathy will be ON the side of the
Rritish.-St. Louis Globe Democrat
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

DR.. A. b. Loving, formerly OF this
city, but now of Camden, is in the
city today on business. We are
pleased to state that the Doctor is
hearty and well.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

DIR. r. B. Doneleon, of Pastoral, is
visitor to the city today He re-
ports cotton slow in coming up and
his section as greatly in need OF rain.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
OUR CLUBBING RATES.
Leading Newspapers at Reduced Prices
when Taken with the Semi
Weekly Graphic.

The Hice-a-week GRAPHIC has
made arrangements with the leading
newspapers OF the country whereby
it can secure them for its subscribers
at greatly reduced prices. The list
appears below, the price named be-
ing for the twice-a- week GRAPHIC and
the newspaper mentioned both for
one wear.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
A Taste of Female Suffrage.

Senator Tillman was kissed publicly
by woman in Denver and appeared to
enjoy his taste of female suffrage. Chi
eago Tribune.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Our or WEAKNESS comes strength
when the blood has been purified, en-
riched and vitalized, the appetite re-
stored and the system built upby
Hoods Sarsaparilla.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Judge j. w. Bocage is quietly cele-
brating his 18th birthday today. We
extend him our congratulations and
wish him many returns OF his birth
daU
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Mr.. A. c. Thomas, formerly of this
city, but now of Waco, Tex, arrived
in the city yesterday on business.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
Poor. Weak Woman.

Talk about poor, weak womanp,
Here's Miss Helen Gould stopping a
$50, eco, 000 elevated railroad deal with
nod of her pretty head. Philadelphia
Press
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Mr.. Tom Christopher, formerly of
this city, but now a resident of Los
Angeles, Cal, is here ON business
visit.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

HooD's PILLS are the best family
cathartic and liver medicine. Harm
less, reliable. sure.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Mr.. j. f. Quattlebaum, the Sheriff.
merchant, is in town today patron
izing our wholesale merchants.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Messrs. N. b. and Byron Price, of
Mt. Adams, passed through the city
last night enroute home from Little
Rock.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Mrs. A. b. Grace has returned
home after an extended visit to rela-
tives at Hot Springs.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Mr.. r. w. Sherwood left last even
ing for Hot Springs in search OF
health.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Mr.. Ben McCammmon left yester-
day for Chattanooga, Tenn, TO visit
relatives.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
from Fridays Dailya

Mr.. Steve Galligan is a visitor to
the city today.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Miss Bessie Fox returned homelast
evening from pleasant visit to
friends in Little Rock.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Mr.. E. NJ. Barnes, an influential
citizen OF Altheimer, paid Pine Bluff
a visit today.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

The members OF the BAPTIST sun
day school are enjoying picnic at
Sulphur Springs today.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Mr.. NJ. A. Hudson, OF Locust Cot
tage, is in the city today.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

HOOPS PILLS cure nauseaa, sick
headache, Indigestion, hiliousness.
All druggists. Doc.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

Order screen Doors and WIN
dows, shingles, lumber etc,
from Hardin Lumber Co., old
Rigging mill. Telephone Con
neetion. a@s" u
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

GREAT SALES prove the great
~ merit of Hoods Sarsaparilla.
Hoods Sarsaparilla sells because it
accomplishes GREAT CURES.
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09
Shouldn't Wonder.

Even the devil must despise a hypo-
critic Chicago Timcs-Herald
Semi=weekly graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1895-1902, 1896-05-09

The twiee-a-week GRAPHIC and the:
Weekly Commercial Appeal. 10
Farm News. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. LEO
| Home and Farm. ....................... / 10
Farm Journal .................... 49,. go
Texas Farm and Ranch............ 200
Weekly Courier Journal............ 2. %
Thrice-a-week New York World. 200
New York Daily Advertiser. 800
Womankind ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. / go
Atlanta Constitutions. 200
In the above list are free silver,
sound money. Republican, Democrat
ic, farm and household publications,
and every one can find paper to
suit him. The Farm News, Farm
journal and Womankind are pub
lished monthly; the Home and Farm
twice month; Commercial Appeal,
Farm and Ranch, Courier-J ournal,
and Atlanta Constitution, Weekly;
New York World, three times week;
and the New York Advertiser daily
including Sunday.
Parties should avail themselves of
these prices at once, as they are sub
ject to change at any time.
Select your paper, send the amount
stated above, and your will receive
the paper selected and the twice-a-
week GRAPHIC for one year.
vii oENi-W EEKLY GRAPHIC.
The copper country evening news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 18??-1907, 1896-07-03
BOGUS MONEY MAKERS
Secret Service Men Arrest Coun.
terfeiters at ST. Louis.
ONE OF THEM A WOMAN PHYSICIAN.

All Had Heretofore Borne Good Rsput.-
tions. but the Detectives Found . Com.
piete Counterfeiting Outht In the House
Chicago Thieves Continue Their Ds ring
work-One OF Them Gets . Bullet, bat
Makes His Escape.
1T. LOUIS July 3-At 1891 Pendleton
avenue. the house Of DIR Matilda Adslia
Walker, United States secret service do
tectives who for week have been work
ing ON the case, Thursday arrested q gang
Of five counterfeiters and captured q com
plete set OF tools Those arrested, who
have hitherto borne good characters are:
DIR Walker, regular practicing female
physician; Ralph and Walter Creese. pro
fessional photographers; K. II. Jemmctt
DIR Walkers father. and Adam Miller,
fine appearing elderly man, who asserts
that he is patient of the doctors, being
treated at her hospital, and has nothing 10
do with the counterfeiting.
Counterfeiting Outat Captured.
There was also captured st the Pendle-
ton avenue house a complete counterfeit
ing outfit, consisting Of Photographic en-
cravings of $40 bill, some Of the bills,
the copper plates and all the necessary
paraphernals for etching the plates. The
prisoners were arranged before United
States Commissioner Gray. All pleaded
not guilty The cases were continued un-
I'll Friday afternoon at 2 o'clock, the pris-
oners being held in default Of $500 hail
eaeh
The copper country evening news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 18??-1907, 1896-07-03
GAIN IN POSTAL REVENUE
statement showing That Chicago Lead
All other Cities.

All other Cities.
WASHINGTON. July 3.-Chicago again
leads all the cities in the United States in
the gain in postal revenue. A statement
was prepared az the department wednes.
day showing that in the last fiscal wear
the receipts Of the Chicago Office amount
ed to s5,O72jis. This sum Is s6l2.eo In
excess of the receipts for the previous lis
cal year In no other postoffice in tho
United states is the gain so great The
New York Office is close second, with a
gain Of 1888 The fiscal year Of the
postof.ice department ends ON March 81.
Ii is estimated that the receipts OF the
Chicago Office up TO Wednesday will show
n still further increase making the sum
nearly $750.OW more than last year, Post
master Hesing of Chicago has recently sp-
piled for authority TO establish q large
number Of addi tional postal sub-staticns
i'm that city The splendid showing In re
ceipts Of the Office induces the postal
authorities To grant almost any reasona-
BILE request made by Mr.. Hesing but 10 is
not decided vet whether the stations will
bc authorized