Evening star., 1896-12-19

rious crimes. They work peaceably and
quietly on their farms, and walk about the
streets to all appearances free men. Go
INTO the bureaux of the prisons, and you
see men seated at rows of desks Their
general demeanor and the appearance of
the place Is not unlike that you would see
IN o1pces in any part of the world, yet each
man IS probably convicted murderer.
Russian convicts, instead of being a heavy
charge on the resources of the country
are a source of revenue Convict labor has
added to the Russian empire an island the
length OF England, not an acre of which
was previously under cultivation and il is
only the population of Siberia by these peo-
pie that has made possible the line of the
Irans-Siberian railway-the envy of the
whole world
In conclusion, DR.. Howard said:
me main lesson to be drawn from this
system is the absolute futility of punish
ment for its sake alone
The first principle taught is that of self
maintenance Convict labor should be pro-
ductive of net profit to the state so that.
instead tas in England, for instanceD of
costing many millions to the state there
should be an annual revenue by putting in
Torce organized forms of industry suited TO
he capacity of the respective criminals
BY the means employed in Siberia the con-
victs do not lose all self-respect and arr,
often better fitted than before to become
useful members of society. In the English
and some other prison systems the result
is generally the opposite. The result of the
conVicts incarceration and of the useless
forms OF labor on which he has been en-
ployed in this case has often only generated
revenge which tends to render him an
habitual criminal
DR.. Howard will shortly leave for New
York, where he will read a paper before the
New York Geographical Society.
The prime mover in the testimonial which
It was proposed to present TO the United
States ambassador, Mr.. Thomas f. Bayard
seems to have been Sir Edward Arnold.
TO representative of the Associated Press
AIR. Bernard Quaritch, the bookseller, So ID
Some days before anything was men,
Toned in the Daily Telegraph Sir Edwin
Arnold came to me and asked what 1 had
hat would form worthy present for Mr..
Bayard. l showed Sir Edwin first a mag
nificent copy of Chaucer, printed by CaX-
,on. Il is wonderfully perfect copy, only
two leaves being in fac-simile, and cost ne
81, 400. Other expenses brought it up TO
10000. told Sir Edwin my price was
$1,000. He then wanted to know, if they
lid not raise as much as that, what else
mad then showed him manuscript copy
Of Chaucer, written on velum before print
ing was invented, and having Illuminated
apitals. For this 1 wan;ed $1,000
hought it particularly appropriate, as l
don't believe there is a Chaucer manuscript
copy in the United States.v 1 also showed
Sir Edwin two copies of the first folio of
Shakespeare, one at s420 and the osher at
$50. OF course, they have the first folio in
;he United States, and their prices are
lear: but not for the condition the books
are in l have letter from Sir Edwin
ipologiZing for the fact that the matter is
.'ot going on. The Chaucer printed by CaX-
on would have been much appreciated IN
he United States. L sold a COPY the other
lay TO an American collector or $1,000; but
is not so perfect copy as The one
shown Sir Edwin, eighteen leaves are in
fac-simile.''l - it
1t is believed that Sir Edwin Arnold
hoped to obtain Sl2900 and secure the
CaXton copy of Chaucer and the best of the
two first folios; or, failing any enthusiastic
response, 10 have secured the MS. Chaucer
and the folio at an expense of 81 300. When
he list closed subscriptions were an
iounced for $50. 81
A second internal art exhibition will be
held at Venice in the coming spring Pro-
.esssor A. FraGeletto will again assume the
secretaryship, and SO many exhibitors from
heir names that three new halls are 10 be
3uit to accommodate their pictures The
Exhibition is to be opened by the Prince and
Princess of Naples, who will then make
heir first appearance in public capacity.
A recent family council of the members
Of the houses of Savoy and Orleans has sue
eeeded in inducing the Duke and Duchess
of Aosta to abandon their intention of an
immediate separation. The Duke Of Aosta
the eldest nephew of the King of Italy,
and the duchess, to whom he vas married
III June, 1898, is the Princess Elena Of Or
.eans. daughter of the late Count of Paris
and a sister of the Duke of Orleans.
Napoleon's reproach tnat the British are
nation of shopkeepers is illustrated this
week in advertisement in a London
weekly, in which. a bargain, a lady
leaving England permanently offers to
sell a family grave, to hold five, and its
marble slab.