davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
Plenty of swiadlers Abroad.

The number of people who live or try
to live by their wits seems to have in
creased rapidly of late. Never have
swindlers of all kinds been more in evil
dence both in city and in country. In
a single week no less than four schemes
to defraud farmers have come to- our
notice. They are all variations of the
venerable swindles which have been ex-
posed SO often in the press One cor
respondent intimates that hypnotism is
being used to bunko farmers in his To-
cality. This is probably only the hyp-
notism of a smooth tongue on the part
of the ~agent" and careless business
methods on the part of the victim.
There is a heap of this kind Of 'hyp-
notism" all over the country at present
National Stockman.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
IntsIIisence In, tho PIGEON.

Breeding animals need the utmost
care and attention that can be given
them ii the owners would realize the
profit they expect; and this care and
attention must be confined to no one
thing. especially to the neglect of all
others. but be given heartily. regularly
and without stint. Specially would
we emphasize this in the case of soyvs-
ewes and cows Mothering need cost
but little. coddling is unnecessary.
But the right kind of food at stated in
tervals. properly adjusted and diver
sified SO as to give variety, and the
kinds called for by the very necessities
of her condition. are undoubtedly and
impcratively called for BAT to breed
a SOW and turn her-out to eat this or
that, without first asking is it a At
food for her in her condition. ia to ma
ley with failure and insure it. Much
the same is true of cows and sheen
and. indeed. mares. First of all. de-
termine what is necessary, and then see
that 1t Is done. This needs but little
labor. Failures enough will com.
with care on the best Of regulated
FARMS"
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
VALUE IN DIVERSITY.
It Pays to Have Something to Sell All tn
Year Round.

It Pays to Have Something to Sell All tho
Year Round.
The farmer that grows a variety OF
stock has a decided advantage in one
respect, in that, with good manage
ment, he can have something to sell
every month in the year, or nearly so,
and having an income in this way he
can use it to better advantage than is
possible when all of his income comes
from one source. Then he runs less
risk of failure and is in a much better
condition to take advantage of the mar
ket and in many cases the difference in
price means that much difference in
the profits.
Having something to sell so that a
steady increase is had, affords a de-
cided advantage in buying. Under
present conditions the farmer buys con-
siderable of what is used in his family
and having ready money gives him {.
great advantage.
Too many farmers that depend upon
wheat or hogs or cattle for their money
with which to pay running expenses
are obliged to go in debt. and the farm
er that buys on credit is not only at a
disadvantage in buying what he needs.
but in selling what he produces, and
this is so much the case that it makes
a very considerable difference in the
farm profits.
Then growing a variety of products
affords better opportunity for lessen
ing the cost of feeding the stock, while
keeping a variety of stock gives bet
ter chance to use all of the products to
the best advantage.
There are cases where the conditions
are such that the specialist is able to
realize a handsome profit, but this is
the exception rather than the rule.
Generally the farmers who plan to have
something to sell at all times work
not only on the safest, bat the most
profitable plan.-Farm, Field and Fire
side
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
HHNAzzr
COLORADO POTATO CELLAR.

below the general level of the ground,
but often they are built SO much Above
ground that wagon may BE- backed
into them when it is desired to remove
the potatoes.
The cut gives general ide. of their
construction and interior arrangement,
seen in simple cross-section. Usual
ly these cellars are without walls of
masonry, and are provided with roof
made of poles covered with layer of
hay or straw upon which arc six to
twelve inches of earth. A row of chp!es
arranged along each side serves to fill
the bins easily from the wagon; these
are made OF inch lumber, and are about
one foot square in cross-section, pro-
jecting six to eight inches above the
roof. In the crest of the roof there are,
usually. two more ventilato rs con-
structed in the manner of the chutes.
The entrance to the cellar, especially
when constructed so as to be entered
with wagon. is provided with double
doors separated by hallway having
a length of six or eight feet. and has
for it's object the shutting out of the
frost from in front. When necessary,
potatoes are stored in the driveway as
we'll as in the bins, the rear of the drive
being filled first.-F. b. King, in Rural
New Yorker.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
DRAINING PASTURES.

In Many Cases 1t Can He Made to Pay
Handsomely.
The impression is quite common that
it will not pay to underdrain pasture
land, says Drainage Journal. There
are pasture lands that it will not pay
to drain, but it is also true that in many
instances it will pay to underdrain, in
part. at least, lands used for grazing
purposes. In passing through the
land which. if sufficiently undetermined,
would be very valuable. As they are
now they are practically worthless, af-
fording only wild and unnutritious
grasses, worth but little for grazing
purposes; in fact, such lands are dis
ease breeders of the live stock which
have the run of them. Pastures which
need underdrainage may be cared for
SO as to present a good appearance to
the casual observer, but when careful
ly examined are found to grow grasses
of little value. If they have been seed.
ed to tame grass there is such a mix
ture of water grasses with the tame
that the pasture is poor.
If a landowner is doubtful as to the
benefits of undertaking such land, let
him put in one or more tile drains with
good outlets and observe the result.
The wild sour grasses will disappear
and the tame grass sod will thicken and
grow 1uxuriantly- The live stock are
good judges. In grazing they will
keep the grass near the drains cropped
closely because it is more palatable to
the taste and more nutritious. We are
confident that the value of thousands
of acres of pasture lands could be
greatly enhanced if underdrained.
hinh hai
practically worthless. Those who
have given little attention to the real
condition of their grazing lands will
be surprised in careful examination of
their condition. 1t will soon become
apparent to them that where there is
one blade of good, nutritious grass,
four or five may be made to grow by a
well directed effort in the underdrain-
age of the land.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
CHEAP FARM PAINT.
1t Gives Satisfactory Finish on Either
Wood Stone.

1t Gives a Satisfactory Finish on Either
Wood or Stone.
A method of painting farm buildings
new, is yet so little known end so de-
serving of wider application as to war
rant description. The paint has but
two parts, both cheap materials, being
water lime or hydraulic cement and
sllimmilk. The cement is placed in a
bucket, and the skimmilk, sweet, is
gradually added, stirring constantly
until just about the consistency of
good cream. The stirring must be
thoroughly done to have an even flow,
and if too thin the mixture will run on
the building and look streaked. The
proportions cannot be exactly stated,
but a gallon Of milk requires a full quart
of cement, and sometimes little more.
This is a convenient quantity to mix
at time for one person to use. If too
much is prepared. the cement will set
tie and harden before all Is used.
A flat paint brush about four inches
wide is the best implement to use with
this mixture. Lay it on exactly as with
oil paint. 1t can, be applied to wood
work, old or new, and to brick and
stone When dry, the color is a light
creamy brown. or what some would
call yellowish stone color. The skim
milk cement paint. well mixed, with
out adding color has good body, gives
smooth satisfactory finish on either
wood or stone and wears admirably
American Mechanic.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17

to the most remarkabl change of form,
without losing its principal good quail
ties, hardness in keeping and fine fat
tening qualities. Among the four prin-
cipal breeds raised in Hungary/none
excel the Mangalicza- The extensive
oak and beech forests on the mountain
slope of Hungary furnish unequaled
swine pasture, and have largely aided
in giving the Mangalicza swine a lead
ing position in the livestock markets
of north and middle Europe. Many
thousands of their hogs are each week
disposed of in Berlin and Hamburg, be-
cause, as a Berlin butcher told the
writer. 1.-THE whole hog goes IN the sau-
sage tub" The head of the Mangalicza
is short and broad. nose cylindrical, de-
pressed at the back; face and cheeks
are heshy, thinly covered with hairs;
jowls broad and fieshy; ears large, some
what rounded and dropping; neck most
ly short, feshy, and full arched; the
withers are wide and do not rise above
the back; back straight, long and
broad; loins full and deep; prisket
deep and wide; ribs well sprung; belly
wide and straight. nearly touching the
ground in well-fattened animals; hams
large and full; lower part of legs fine
boned but strong; skin soft, thin and
During the winter the skin is thickly
covered with curled hair; at the neck,
withers, and along the back the hair is
somewhat coarse, but not long. During
the summer the hair grown is thin.
some animals being nearly bald. A full
grown Mangalicza hog stands at least
three feet. high, and measures from tip
of the snout to the root of he tail about
four feet. Ordinarily fed animals at
the age of one year weigh from $50 to
lGO pounds, but when well fattened the
weight of fulI-grown hog increases to
from 500 to 600 pounds. They are not
very prolific breeders. producing seldom
more than from seven to eight pigs IN
a litter, but they are very careful in
treating their young, and therefore the
loss of pigs is but inconsi6erable. The
hardness of this breed enables it to
thrive even under unfavorable condi-
tions, and to winter in the open air
without suffering. 1t takes to the pen.
after pasturing in fields and forests is
over, and fed with corn and other grain
it produces a first-rate lard, which is
not surpassed in flavor and keeping
quality by that made from any other
breed.-Orange Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
STORING FARM WAGONS.
a Device Which Makes the Shifting
of Wagon Bodies Easy.

a Device Which Makes the Shifting
of Wagon Bodies Easy.
The illustration below is of a horne
made appliance placed in barn the
past winter and found to be a great
convenience. especially in shifting fl ON
wagon body to hay rigging, and vice
versa. This device consists of round
shaft, "a, 9A inches in diameter, reach
ing from one main side beam to the
other, BIB. In one end of the shaft are
two spokes, C C, seven feet long. making
four handles 31A feet in length. From
one handle to the next is a bolt e, about
two feet long. The shaft runs in woot.en
boxes with bearings five inches III di-
ameter. On one side of the shaft two
small chains, f, drop down within
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
THE POULTRY YARD.

Sand should not be made a substitute
GBr gravel.
Mixing breeds promiscuousW ices
ss1t work we'll.
If fowls do not moult well look Cor
Ene, put little -four of sulphur in their
Ssod and a little iron in the drinking
0EGfcr-
The chickens need a run on green pas
EEre just as much ms do the cows, hogs
-szsd horses. Don't shut them up in .'ry
yards
When taking eggs to market carefully
Wzpc each one. and. if they are mixed
1n color, sort them. placing the brown
ss1d white ones by themselves They
-ss61l look better by having each color
Ea separate lots. and will in coEse-
><sence bring better prices. - Rural
World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
CELLAR FOR POTATOES.

One Seen In Colorado Answers Ali Ordi-
nary Requirements
1 have Just returned from q trip
through the irrigation districts of the
west. and while in Colorado. at Greeley.
where potato growing is so large an
industry, and where they do know how
to raise potatoes. my attention was
called to their potato cellars of which
there are large numbers. The cheaper
forms of simplest construction are,
usually, holes in the ground, preferably.
although not always, on a slope toc-
ing south or east. They are bng, nar-
row and, usually. three-fourths or mere
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17

A, Trough for Adult Hogs: B. Trough for
Little Pigs: c. Stakes Five or Six Inches
Apart.
them at such distances apart as will let
the pigs through. but keep the big fell
lows out. The accompanying diagram
makes everything plain at a glance.
1t is often desirable to leave a gate
open, SO that cattle or a team and wagon
can pass through, but without allowing
hogs to get out My plan is to drive
down a row of stakes across the gate
way, six inches apart, 10 inches high.
and slanting at about As degrees to-
wards the hogs. Try it. and you will find
it a success s.s-as ~ -.-
Never let a growing pig creep
through a crack. least of all one under a
gate or board fence. 1t will kill him.
or make him crooked in the back--C.
A. Coy, in Journal of Agriculture.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
SALT AS A MANURE.

Report of c. ". vanderford. of Tennessee
Experiment. station
Results of a great many experiments
both such as have been conducted I'M
der control methodically, and those
made by practical farmers, do not show
that salt is essential to life or develop
ment of agricultural plants. Salt may
have some indirect effect because of in
duced chemical changes in the upper
stratum of the arabic soil, and in some
cases by physical changes when applied
to stiff clays.
For many crops, as potatoes, tobacco,
beets. melons, ETC.. salt is injurious; in
some cases light application OF salt
may be beneficial, as for onions, cab
bage, celery and possibly tomatoes.
Upon stiff clay lands, salt at the rate
of 200 to 600 pounds broadcast some
weeks before the sowing of small grain,
or the planting of corn, has apparently
improved the mechanical condition OF
the soil and has probably added to the
yield of grain. Upon land upon which
wheat had usually made an overgrowth
of straw, with a tendency to straw
fall before ripening grain. the writer
has obtained somewhat shorter but
much sitter growth of straw standing
up we'll till the fully matured crop was
harvested. by applying 300 pounds per
acre of pork house refuse salt broadcast
upon the land in January.
Little or much, it Is not advisable to
apply salt to ANIMALS at the time OF
seeding and it should be used cautious
", il at all. during growth and cuiti-
yation- A moderate dressing, 200
pounds per acre on meadow or pasture.
very early in spring. or better during
the last winter month, has upon sew
eral occasions given apparently good
results: but these were not sufficiently
marked to induce further experiments.
Clear, the rouIfrx houae Of lice duxt
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17

two feet from stake holes in wagon
body. or hay rack, or other implement,
as at e. From these ends of chain two
pieces about four feet each, with hooks
on the ends, run to the stake holes or
hooking parts. Similar chains are or
ranged on the other end of the shaft.
After the first rigging is rolled up, it
is very easy to raise afterwards. as
the weight of one body going down as
sists in raising the other.-F. c. Hub
bard, in Orange Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17

around and across inside partitions, and
the same six inches above ground. /
xs9uid side with inch boards up and
clown, batten cracks, and make four
gables, running the roof together to
sauc point at center of feed room.
IL is not essential that the building
skull be over seven feet from floor to
square; less will do. / prefer that
zRso-house be rooted with either boards
=s1r shingles, metal or slate get too
k2at for the best welfare of the fowls
The lights should be placed in that
they will point to south or east and
szhcaid be from two and one-half feet
TO three feet wide and five to six feet
high and well protected with strong
SNIre netting.
The partitions that separate the four
-TComs from the feed room are intended
Go be made mostly of wire netting
lattice work. The nests are arranged
with the entire construction made in
feed room, with loop-hole from each
NOON leading into the alley that fronts
the nests, which allows the fowls of
each room to pass secretly into the
IzSSts in the dark and still be in no way
connected with another set of nests:
The idea of making these nests in the
feed room is so that the eggs can he
SxSe1l ont without going into the adj
Joining room; also hens setting can be
Let into center room, fed, and replaced
IN their nests without disturbing any of
the laying fowls.
The dotted lines are to locate how the
roossts can be put in diagonally, about
three or three and half feet high, and
n s1anting floor placed underneath so
That the droppings will not get onto the
floor and can be easily gathered by
-J,oashing them with a scraper down to
the corner where they will drop into
n portable box prepared for that pur-
pose. This can be done every morning
.5f absolute cleanliness is desired. The
reader will observe that this arrange
1szs1lt affords the fowls full range on the
MOOR of each room without the necessity
OF having the droppings to annoy them
Through the day.
For heating and keeping warm, the
sides lined with wind-proof paper will
add much comfort. and L suggest the
placing of a cheap coal stove in the
-cSoter room. which will aid materially
IN extreme weather in keeping the
temperature up, which will add great
comfort to the fowls and insure their
laying right along without interruption.
Eegardless of the extreme cold.
The ranges outside can be arranged in
xi1r to suit the owner of the fowls,
either large or small. according to the
room he may have to expand in. BY all
means do not make such Enclosures too
small. The entrance door, two and one
hzif feet vide, opens into short entry
Which opens with door to the room on
the right and left and also into the
center room.
This house will cost in the neighbor-
hood of $40, labor included. / think an
4uaateur who thinks of taking on three
or four breeds of fowls will find a
'pouitry house of this plan quite suited
7css the requirements of fitting out sew
evsi breeding pens.-George L. Scott, in
Ohio Farmer
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
Ex2.
SECTIONAL VIEW.

through ventilators or gable windows.
This avoids all drafts.
The windows are in the south or slop-
ing side. A convenient size for a sash
il one containing two rows of eight by
ten glass, five in a row, each overlapping
the one below in the style of dollhouse
sashes. One window to five feet in
length of building will give good light
OF course the interior arrangement
depends largely upon the fancy of the
owner. The floor may be either cement
or earth The former is preferred by the
man who cares for the flock. the latter
by the hens. A width of 13 feet is recon-
mended. This will admit of an alley
three feet wide along the MOI tn side. the
remainder to be divided into pens of the
size desired.-Ohio Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
HUNGARIAN SWINE.
The ManEaIicza Breed Has Many valuo-
BILE characteristics.

The BIanEaIicza Breed Has Many valuD-
BILE characteristics.
Hungary in its climate and soil great
Nv resembles our middle states. The
greater part of it's Ia, OO0, 600 of inhab-
sitants are engaged in agriculture, grow
ing especially wheat and corn, and
raising all kind of farm animals, among
which the horse and the hog occupy
the first place. The stock of the present
Hungarian swine was originally
brought from the Mongolian desert.
when Attila with his hordcs left that
overpopulated land. Undoubtedly this
stock originated from the wild hog.
which. during the long warning Pere-'
ginations of it's owners, was subjected
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17


A given fowl may be perfect in most
sections, but not one has ever been
found that was perfect in all of them.
The nearest to perfect fowl that has
ever been scored was 99A points. if
remember correctly, and the fowl was
sold for 5000.
It may be asked what all this has to
do with practical qualities. 1t must be
confessed that the "Standard'' does not
encourage any breeder to breed with IA
view to anything but color of feather
and weight, and that it does not put
any premium on egg production. This
is the weak point in it, and will be until
that is remedied and encouragement is
given to the breeders to look to egg pro-
duction.
AS matters now stand, the breeder of
pure-bred fowls is compelled to regard
shape and color before anything else.
and it requires the sacrifice of Stand
ard points sometimes in order to keep
the best layers. AS long this state Of
affairs lasts the ''fancier'' will be handi-
capped in his work of improving fowls
and producing egg-laying strains. The
pure breeds come into favor because
| they are good layers in the first place.
| and keep in front because they transmit
| this tendency to their progeny. but i'm
provement will not go rapidly
under the present system as it would
if some inducement was made to pro-
| duce egg-laying strains first and beauty
afterward.-Farm and Fireside.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
FARM AND GARDEN.
THE POULTRY STANDARD.

rhS Explanatfon of How the judging"
of Fowls Ii Done.
The american Standard of Perfec-
ton" is a book containing list of every
breed of poultry, and of the
varieties Of the several breeds. 1t de-
scribes in detail the proper color and
shape of an ideal fowl, and gives a GER
tain value to the shape and plumage in
every part of the body of this ideal fowl.
The body of the fowl is arbitrarily di-
vided into parts, called sections, and
each section. is given such value that if
all of them were perfect in shape and
color the total would be 100 points,
which is perfection As no fowl is ideally
perfect, the sections are given so high
value that it is altogether improba BILE
that any fowl will ever be perfect in
every part, and therefore no fowl will
ever reach perfection. Expert judges
are employed to examine poultry
that is exhibited at poultry shows and
good many of the fairs, and they pick
out the defects and mark them against
the fowls under examination, section
after section, and when this is finished,
the value of the defects is added up and
the total deducted from perfection t1O0).
and the remainder is the score of the
bird. When bird scores less than s.
it is called disqualified, and cannot be
considered in the awarding of prizes
The description used in the Stand
ard" are copyrighted, and we cannot
use them, but to give you an idea of how
the judging of poultry is done. we will
imagine that there is a breed called
American Beauties, with the following
values fixed on the sections:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-10-17
PERSPECTIVE AND END VIEW.

PERSPECTIVE AND END VIEW.
frame two by four scantling. Matched
lumber or siding for outside. Line in
side with building paper and ceiling, or
lath and plaster. The latter is most
easily kept free from vermin. In the
sectional view, ceiling is shown over
head. The space above may be used as
a means of ventilation. A few aperturcs
through the ceiling will remove foul air
into this space, and it can be carried out