Smyrna times., 1896-01-29


That Could Not Have Lived In Fresh Wa
ter-MOses' Short Account.
The sea at present contains 0,000,-
900, 900, 900, 900 tons of salt. If this salt
could be gathered in a solid form and
compressed into the shape of a cube. it
would contain 10, ,173, 600 cubic miles.
Each edge of such cube would meas
ure somewhat more than 200 miles.
This is enough to cover all the land on
this globe with uniform layer Of salt
to depth of 1000 feet.
This statement as to the saltiness of
the sea is interesting enough in itself,
but it is also suggestive. The questions
may well be asked, Where did all this
salt come from, and what is the use Of
it? Several scientific gentlemen have
attempted to answer this first question,
and their efforts are not entirely salts
factory. The second question is not so
difficult.
According to the history of the crea-
tion of the world, as told by Moses in
the Genesis, it is implied that the ocean
existed before the land, for on the
"third day" the "water under the heav-
ems" was gathered together and the dry
land appeared.
This statement has bothered a great
number of able philosophers, who, in
their effort to stick to the letter of the
Scripture and at the same time to rea-
son out everything on perfectly natural
principles, have been puzzled to know
how such a grand transformation could
be accomplished in one day. And their
| perplexity was not relieved when learn
ed geologists announced that it must
have required ages for the waters that
enveloped the earth to subside and re-
veal this land that lay beneath.
But when it was suggested that the
word "day" as used by Moses meant,
not period of "a hours, but an era Of
thousands Of years, the difficulty was
removed. This meaning of the word
"day" is at present generally accepted
by devout scientists, who now declare
that there is nothing impossible in Mo
ses' account of the creation.
This description, to be sure, is la
mentally brief 1t was hardly adequate
to pass over such huge event as the
creation Of a world in a few lines. That
was big story from a newspaper point
of view, and all thoughtful persons
must acknowledge that Moses did not
take advantage Of his opportunity.
Accepting the Mosaic account, DR.. T.
S. Hunt, learned writer ON the phys
ical history of the globe, supplies what
Moses left out, and in so doing he gives
a very good reason for the presence of
the salt in the sea. Having arrived at
the point Of Moses meager narrative
where the earth was in a molten state
and surrounded by an envelope Of gases
and of water vapor, DR.. Hunt says:
1.-THE carbonates, chlOrides and sui
pilates chemical combinations of car
bon, chlorine and sulphur with oxygen)
were changed into silicates. The car
bon, chlorine and sulphur, being thus
freed from the oxygen, separated in the
form Of acid gases. These, with nitro
gen, vapor Of water and probable ex-
cess Of oxygen, formed the atmosphere,
which was very dense land also very
unhealthy.
''The surface of the earth was cover
ed with Jumps of molten rock (probably
resembling furnace slag) The depressed
parts of the surface were filled with
highly heated solutions of hydrochlorio
and sulphuric acids, which ate into the
surface and decomposed it. In this way
the silicates were changed to pure silica,
taking the form Of quartz as the atmos-
phere cooled, and the condensation of
the vaporous atmosphere produced sea
water, holding in solution salts of sodi-
um, calcium, magnesium and ammoni-
um. The atmosphere, thus freed of its
noxious elements, became pure and fit
for man. ="
1t is therefore evident that the sea
has been salty from the creation of the
world. The salt does not come, as is
generally supposed, from friction of the
water against salt rocks" in the bed
OF the ocean. This, then, answers the
first question. Where did the salt come
from? The second question is pretty
well answered by Mr.. G. w. Little
hales in Appleton's Popular Science
Monthly.
1T SEEMS" he says, "that the sea
was made salt in the beginning as a
part OF the grand design of the Creator
to provide for the system of evolution
which has been going on since the crea-
tion. Many distinct species of living
organisms exist in the sea as a result of
It's salinity, and their remains have
largely contributed to the growth Of con-
tinents.
The minute creatures that have lived
In the sea for ages past have left endur-
ing monuments in the shape of islands.
rocks and continents. If the sea had not
been salty, these marine animals could
not have existed and secreted the hard
substance known as "calcareous skele-
ton. which has largely contributed to
the growth Of continents. Among these
early inhabitants Of the sea were coraIs.
erinoids, sea urchins and starfshes.
The saltiness of the sea has also much
to do with the ocean currents, which
distribute the heat Of the tropics over
the colder regions Of the earth. Currents
are largely due to the difference be.
tween the specific gravity Of sea water
and the fresh water of rains. Thus.
when rain falls ON a certain part of the
ocean, the effort of the heavier salt wa
ter OF the ocean to establish an eauilib-
rum causes a current - New York
World.