The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-08-12

Greeks. For instance. in physical ,cul-
/ ture, in beginning reading with real
literature, i. e., Homer"
In the evening Dr. Lyons. continuing
his course in geology, said:
I'VE aim rather TO put you in the
way of learning hereafter than teaching
everything at once. The specimens we
have here are labeled with names. You
will, of course. not do this, at first any
how, but have your pupils classify by
what they can see.
LAS volcanoes and lava are so much
| in evidence here, this subject will be
one of the things early taught An
easily discoverable fact about volcanoes
will be that they are seldom away from
the sea. The greater part are in what
is really great circle running up along
the Andes. Rockies and down again
along the Japan Islands. l spoke before
of the wrinkling of the earth's crust
from the shrinking of the interior This
breaks naturally at the crest. The Ha-
waiian Islands, for instance, are along
a crest from Chill to Japan.
In past ages, comparatively recent
geOlogically speaking, there have been
notable eruptiOns covering immense
sections of country. An instance of
United States, covering the State of
Washington and parts of neighboring
States with two or three thousand feet
of lava. Whence comes this immense
force? I remember once having to stir
kettle of soft soap to keep it from
boiling over, and that unsuccessfully
The lava boils over in much the same
way. In certain places there are what
are called geysers, i. e., hole or pipe,
say 300 feet deep, with water in it and
heat at the bottom. The water above
keeps the water at the bottom from
forming steam until it gets very hot.
Then little steam forms, pushes out a
little water; this lessons the pressure
and a great deal of steam is at once
formed, and the water above is thrown
forcibly up. Then there will be rest
for a time The lava acts much in the
same way.
The volcanoes of these Islands are
arranged in two somewhat curving
lines-Mauna Kea, Kohala, Haleakela,
Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, and then Mauna
Kea, Hualalai, Kahoolawe, Lanai and
Niihau. These show the line of wrink-
ling. At Kilauea there is SO little vapor
that it does not make a great eruption,
but the lava simply overfows a little.
up in this way. l saw Kilauea when the
lava was 300 feet below the surface
Inside of two years it filled this up and
built up a cone 500 feet above the sur
face, simply by overflowing. Then
came collapse and the lava probably
ran off under ground. To understand
this subject, read Dana's Hawaiian Vol
canoes. In all your work look around
you and see what can be seen. You can
see almost the whole subject illustrated
anywhere in the Islands-Telegrap
Hill, Diamond Head, etc.
Following the lecture Mr.. Sanderson
was introduced as the representative of
a course of home study, the University
Association of Chicago. This seems
to be modelled upon the Chautauqua
idea, but of more scientifis nature.
1t aims to keep its patrons up to the
times in all subjects. The organ is
magazine called Progress" The first
years course was in universal history.
The next is to be literature. Member
ship and a years subscription to the
magazine is 81.
The social for making acquaintance,
and more especially for meeting DR..
Dresslar, then took place. The program
consisted largely of music and was
made up by Mr.. J. B. Alexander of
Kauai.