The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-02-21

SAGE produced. and which eliminate.
sI U&tN 81. W Iaznt0ted BY Prof w
xG|sE|e1o1 Dyer. 81 Kew Gardens
Without offering any explanation
himself ne anoles Che opIaIou Of 40
o[LeE UeI|-kuoUn naturalist that thi'
ID one of tbs results Of The modern
'scram system" il education. In tbs
early days Of this critic, there were
many naturalist boys. who knew all
the localities for insects, plants, shells,
but now hardly any in the same school
know anything of the country beyond
the playing fields. Competition for
something absolutely useless in later
life seems now to he the great object of
education. From the age OF about
eight years, the boys are kept busy
practicing cricket or examining for ex-
aminations, and there is no time TO
learn to think or observe. The boys
must beat some other school in tennis
or football. or must beat some one else
in the history of the Punic Wars.
The local application of cold is now
common in pneumonia. Mortality
ranging from 80 per cent. to nothing is
recorded for various methods of treat
meut, while the natural re covery with
out treatment has been found To be
about 90 per cent. DIR. Mays, OF Phila-
delphia, reports 1875 cases treated 10y
cold, with 3.5S per cent. of deaths.
1t cannot be believed that any treat
ment invariably cures, and he regards
this as by far the most satisfactory.
The action of the cold consists i'll re-
ducing the fever, strengthening the
pulse, toning up the heart, diminish
ing the pain in the chest, and alleviat-
ing the difficulty in breathing.
X
Three cases of dream reasoning were
described 10y Prof. Newbold at the late
Philadelphia meeting of the American
Psychological Association. The dreams
were on mathematical, linguistic and
archaeological subjects respectively,
and in ali three the reasoning lead TO
results of value after the dreamer had
awakened.
OHG Oh lI0 UlOSl
of nature is the Prince OF Monaco, the
ruler of the tiuiest nation on earth-a
principally of six square miles. His
later researches III oceanography have
been made in large and we'll equip
ed steam yacht, the Princess Alice,
and during last summers cruise of
this vessel III The vicinity of the Azores
he had the good fortune To witness the
taking OF Il cachalat or sperm whale by
Portuguese nShermen. Inc animal Was
killed almost under the keel of the
yacht. III its death struggles some of
the objects upon which 1t had been
feeding escaped from Its jaws aud 10y
prompC action were secured 10y the nat
urallstS, while III its stomach were
found similar objects in partially di-
gested state. TuIs food proved To be
cephalopods, animals of the class of
moilusra, Including the octopus, squid
aud nautilus. The cephalopuds were
of large siZe-One To three metres long
aud represent several new species,
including one that seems to belong to
no ge. us or family hitherto known.
These animals have long evaded cap
ture, as they neither come to the sur
face nor lie on the bottom of the sea,
aud their great agility enables them
to avoid all attempts to take them
with nets. 1t is now proposed TO
carry whaling outfit on the
next cruise of the PrinceSSe alice,
in order that more whales may be
made to give up specimens of the I'M
kuowu of the middle sea-depths. The
use of whales rs geological collectors is
quite as curious as the use of crabs
not long ago meutioued-as prospect
ors of coal.
A simpler aud more effective treat
meut for rabies than that of Pasteur is
claimed by two Italian biologists, TiZ-
zoni and Centanni. A powerful anti
Ratio serum is obtained from sheep by
inoculaIiug them IL in 20 days with
attenuated nerve substance from rabib
animals. AS a preventive, II drops of
the serum is said to protect an animal
weighing four pounds inoculated "a
hours later with dog virus; and as n
cure, the simultaneous injection of /
cubic centimeter even S days after in-
lection with rabies-or in the middle
of the incubation periods sufficient
to stop the progress of the disease. The
Pasteur method has little effect on rab-
bits-which are especially susceptible
to rabies-but this serum prevents and
cures even In these animals. A further
advantage claimed is that the serum
can be dried and kept long time.
The British Association for the adj
vancement of Science is expected to
meet in Toronto in 1897, and the sum
of So, 500 has been subscribed i'm Can
ada toward the expenses.
Soma late experiments by M. p.
Regnard indicate that the fishes in
cold climates are not destroyed in u
wholesale manner, as is commonly be-
lieved, by the sudden and total freez-
ing of the streams in which they live.
AS the water of an aquarium was
brought near freezing point, q carp
gave evidence of falling asleep, its fins
becoming motionless aud the action of
its gIlls scarcely perceptible. At or
4 Fahrenheit degrees below freezing,
the fish seem to be fast asleep. but was
not frozen; and at about SIS degrees
below freezing, ii became apparently
dead, though it did not stiffen. The
temperature was then slowly raised,
when the carp awoke, seemingly unin-
jured. No greater cold is found in the
polar seas, so il is evident that the
harder marine animals are quite capa-
BILE of living even in those waters.