New-York tribune., 1896-12-31
HISTORY AND ITS STUDY.
SECOND DAYS SESSION OF AMERICAN
ASSOCIATION.
PROFESSOR BURGESS DISCUSSES THE RELATION
SHIP OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND HISTORY
OTHER INTERESTING PAPERS READ.

SHIP OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND HISTORY
OTHER INTERESTING PAPERS READ.
The American Historical Association resumed its
sessions Yesterday morning IN Hamilton Han. 90
,,r,,ia y-nivors,,v In the absence Of the Rev
DR. r. s Storrs the chair was taken by professor
Justin Winsor. of Harvard University FORMER
president OF the society. Before proceeding 10 i's
routine business memorial TO Congress from 'he
Massachusetts Historical Society for the preserva-
ton of the frigate Constitution was presented
and referred 10 the Council for action with an ex-
pretsion OF the associations approval OF the peu-
tion.
Professor J. W. Burgess. OF Columbia, read the
irs. paper of the morning. taking AS ms subject
Political Science and History" lie began 10y de-
Nning and distinguishing between these two SCI
cnces. The phenomena OF history must be con-
ce.ved under the category of time-that Is III 'he
order OF anteccdent and consequent rms now
ever. does not distinguish history from o'hcr SCI
ences. The phenomena OF history must a1so pe
conceived under the category Of cause ana erect
The form Of thought that gives the best test was
the category OF self-progression Iistoricai OASIS
WAS the true basis Of progress and 1t was compara-
tvely worthless unless II produced the spirit oi
time progress History is the progressive realiza-
ton OF the ideas OF the human spirit foliticai
science the other hand. was the science OF the
nation county. State. and was tending to be-
come the science of the human world state. Con
stitutional law" he added. lis the realization OF
stincvely feel that the facts OF political science
are facts about government, but the science also
comprehends the facts about sovereignty and lib
erty Certain principles have now become recog-
nized as parts Of political science. and IN their
light We must look at the past" Professor Bur
CESS ended by saying that while there are parts
OF history which not political science. and
while there is element in political science which
is not strictly history yet the two spheres so lap
over each other and interpenerate each other that
they cannot be distinctly separated
GOAL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH.
Professor II. Morse Stephen. Of Cornell Uni
yersity opened the succeeding discussion and In
the course his remarks asserted that the study OF
history being subordinaed 10 that of political
science lie had rot been able hitherto 10 discover
the precise meaning Of political science and
thanked Professor Burgess for his great exposition
Of the aims of the science The goal of historical
research was to discover the truth. He protested
against political science being regarded supplant-
ing or preceding history. Professor Gates. of Am
hers, College Professor S. Baldwin. Of Yale, and
Professor William A. Danning, or Columbia, also
contributed to the discussion
Professor T. c. Bourne, of Yale. contributed the
second paper which entitled The Use of His
tory Made by the Trainers OF the CONSTITUTIONS In
part he said:
The formation of the Constitution of the United
States must ever be subject of the highest inter-
est to the student of history and politics Whenever
looked upon from a purely National point OF view
as laying a new and more permanent foundation or
our National life the creation of a new type OF
federation upon the wider outlook OF com a a.
deve,opment r ana diffuson Of written constitutions
over most of the civilized world II stands lort as
an event of the utmost importance in modern MS
fory All students now realize that the whole po-
ltcal and much OF the religious life OF the colonies
alogy of our Constitution has been traced pack
through Colonial charters to the charters d on r
ceving in the descent spirit not to be overlooked
from The Puritan church covenants
Here is Of the great pieces OF construcufve
s:atesmanship in the worlds history; the peaceful
perfect union: federation of an old ana % not un-
familiar type into new creation. Federal STATE;
compIisbments % astcnished IT, authors Just what
of help then did they derive IRON hls,ory 'ie
record OF the worlds experience? The aPpcais 10
history are frequent I'm the conJroversai nteratuie
CONVENTION and the most active members give evil
dencc of considerable range OF historical reauihs
IN hoa shs apt be dbae TSc Whole
these unsurpassabe discussions IS pracucai ana
General james Grant Wilson gave desCription
e. embodying the resu, made
there last summer
AT THE EVENING SESSION.
Dr. George p Fisher. the second vice-president OF
the society," presided at the evening session which
was also held at Columbia. Arthur l.. Cross OF Har-
vard opened the proceedings with paper on
Schemes for Episcopal COntroi III lhe NoioiHes' IA
which no said in part:
The efforts 10 establish Episcopal control in the
colonies may be considered under TWO hea4s ls,;
the authority actually exercised by the Bisnop ol
London who was diocesan OF the English plant atoms
IN North Ameca and eSbteesh e eehnres second the
attempts to introduce native Eplscopate WI wr'1 t ,.e
colonial history The Bishop of London's colonial
jurisdiction originated in ar attempt OF ETnd nrsS d
tendencies beyond the This scheme failed oW-
Ing the POcs Taen ehosd chey IN s
through the efforts Of Bishop Compton 'nls 5ola
And he Course marked out by him was pursued by
those who followed him IN % 9hce Thnmos In, ss sberock
change OF policy may be noted From this time on
he s1eGeedns M Bsno connued TO- exercise he
functions only Professionally until some othei
ment could be made: devong all their energies IN IN
CONJUNCTION with other Anglican prelates to tne task
Of obtaining American i-piscopate' M III, pio- Pr.
bad very marked effect in precpiiatins the sapara-
ton from the Mother Country ,,
A conference on the teaching of history followed
The frs, sneaker upon the subject was Professor
y Y Adams OF Johns Hopkins University. lie
described the popular methods OF teaching history
as observed by him in the summer schools oil Eng
land lie referred to the Natonal o,e sdents
who are working under the guuare roGnc a. Courses
The various reading circles meet every yea, i,o III
summer at some historic centre Not I ap niSi iu;t
is past politics" observed Professor A9a!ns 9,i U'
the most vital current OF the worlds ne Is POM, M
cal WHAT Is politics '1aay aas a~ eoSSeni pie for
the study and teaching Of general hlsloy sf1aT os1T
specializing In American or iocai As'o,y k.n In
tcrest ii the students mind and TO persu&ue MN
that history is the grandest study IN the worm,
and TO agree with Droysen. the great TeTIrai
master who said thrt history was the seif-Kno"i-
edge OF man , ,.,. So
Professor +, Emerton of Harvard, based his re-
marks mainly upon the best fnethoos OF ,e..rhhs h
history and took the opportunity 10 deprecate me
superfCiai instruction IN history that was olteil
given in the schools at the present time Professor
Charles NJ Andrews. Of Bryn Mawr College after
nontio9 ont that there division or opinl0l
rs 10 the extent Of historical teaching that shpuia
he given TO a student In the first two or three
years OF his course. advocated that ihe rang, range
should extend from the time Of the Old Roman
Emnire Professor J. b. McMaster. and Professor
7 r. Robinson, Of Columbia also spoke