The bee., 1896-10-22
Democratic Doctrine.

The proportion between the val
ues OF gold and silver is a mercan-
tile problem altogether. -
Just principles will lead US to dis
regard legal proportions altogether;
to inquire into the marked price Of
gold in the several countries with
which we shall principally be con
nected in commerce, s1d TO take
an average from them A COM
mission should therefore be ap-
pointed to inquire what are the
proportions between the values OF
fine gold and fine silver at the
markets of the several countries
with which we are or probably
may be connected in commerce,
and what would be proper pro-
portion here, having regard to the
average of their values at those
markets, and to other circum-
stances, and the coinage of gold
and silver at our mints should be
at the ratio thus Determined.
THOMAS JEFFERSON.
Congress shall have power to
lay and collect taxes, duties, i'm
ports and excl .es to pay the debts
and provide for the common de-
Tense and general welfaru of the
United States. ."-Constitution, Ar
ticle 1, Section 8.
"The situation into which we
have thus been forced has impelled
us to apply portion of our indus
try and capital to internal manu-
factures and improvements. The
extent of this conversion is daily
increasing and little doubt remains
that the establishments formed and
forming, will, under the auspices
of cheaper materials and subsis-
tence, the freedom of labor from
taxation with us, and of byoteeting
duties andproAi6ihonS, become per
manent. Thomas Jefferson, Mes
sage November 8, 1908.
The first revenue law passed by
the United States after the adop-
ton of the Constitution was one
prepared under a resolution of Mr..
Madison, which became law July
4, 1880. The preamble of this law
recited:
Whereas, it is necessary for the
support of the Government, and the
encouragement and protection of man
ufacturers. James Madison, Mes
sage, December 2, 1909.
"The revision of our commercial
laws proper, to adapt them to the
arrangement which has taken place
in Great Britain will doubtless gain
the early attention of Congress. 1t
will be worthy at the same time of
their just and proudest care, to
make such further alterations in
the laws as will more especially
protect and foster the several
branches of manufacture which
have been recently instituted or ex-
tended by the laudable exertions of
our citizens. - ames Madison,
Special Message, May 20, 1909.
"Our manufactures will likewise
require the systematic and fostering
care of the Government Equally
important is it to provide at home
market for our raw materials, as
by extending the competition it
will enhance the price and protect
the cultivation against the casual
ties incident to foreign markets.
From the bes' information that
have been able to obtain itappears
that our manufactures, though
oppressed Immediately after the
peace, have eOasidsra6U increased
and are sHH Increasing, under the
encouragement given them by the
tariff of 1876 and by subsequent
laws, On full consideration Of the
subject, in all its relations, am
persuaded that a further aHgmfata-
h0A may now be made OF the du
ties on certain f0reigA articles, in
favor of cur Oz0R, and without af-
iecting injuriously other interests"
lanes Monroe, Message March
S, 1877.
Among the numerous causes OF
congratulation the condition of our
import revenue deserve special men
tion, inasmuch as it promises the
means Of erfingHiSAing the public
debt sooner than was anticipated,
and furnishes a strong illustration
of the practical effect of the present
tariff upon our commercial interests.
The States have delegated tier
whole authority over imports TO
the general Government, without
limitation or restriction, save the
very inconsiderable reservation re-
lating to their inspection laws.
THIS indispensable power thus sur,
rendered by the States, must he
within the scope of the authority
on the subject expressly delegated
TO Congress. In this conclusion,
am confirmed as we'll by the
opinions of Presidents Washing
ton, Jefferson, Madison and Mon
roe, who have each repeatedly
recommended the exercise of this
right under the Constitution, as
by the uniform practice of Con
press. The continued acauiesence