The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1896-11-05

| give it the desired smothness and pol
ish, and from thence it is cut up in
sheets or wound in rolls as desired.
Now, it is worth noting at this stage
! that the calendaring of rolls are very
often themselves made of paper, since,
paradoxical as 1t may seem, paper rolls
possess a hardness and yield a finish
which is impossible with rolls of steel.
These calendar rolls are made up in a
very simple way by taking a countless
number of sheets and fitting them over
a steel core set on end, almost iden-
tically in the fashion that YOU stick a
pile of bills over a sharp-pointed bill
file or holder. Between each of these
! sheets is d preparation of glue, and
when the core has been covered, these
are subjected 10 enormous hydraulic
pressure, which gives them a wonderful
hardness. The edges of the paper are
then turned in a lathe precisely the
same way that d steel roll would be
turned, and SO firm is the surface
which the edges of the paper thus
prepared presents that a sharp flint
pebble passed through the rolls, Will
be ground to pieces without making the
slightest mark. Thus in d literal sense,
IS paper made to make paper.
With the wood pulp thus prepared,
it happens that 1t is impossible 10 Sc
cure the same strength and texture of
raS-made paper, and for a long time al
the beginning, rag and straw pulp was
mixed W1-h the wood pulp, in order to
obtain this desired Strength for high
grade papers. But at this point The
chemists took up the problem and dis
covered two processes by which the
wood was reduced TO the required STAKE
without destroying the fiber, as is the
case in grinding These processes con-
sist simply in the treatment of the
wood. cut in small chips. with alkaline
or acid solutions. The wood is CUE up
into bits about an inch thick, and
thrown into watts containing one of
these solutions. and then boiled at
hish temperature. This process reduces
the wood to a soft, saponaceous mix
ture. when it is readily handled for the
making of paper or any other desired |
article. This is of course much more |
expensive than simply putting the
wood in a gTdndsGone, and at the pres
ent time the ground-up wood pulp and !
the chemically prepared wood fiber are |
usually mixed, in certain proportions, |
to make the different grades of paper.
BUe as already indicated, paper is |
now only one of the countless forms in
which this wood pulp or wood fibre is
now made up. Probably the next and
most important employment is that for
car wheels. These are. as a rule, made !
from straw pulp and directly from
straw board. a solid disk or wheel
made up of q number Of layers. much !
in the same way as the calendar rolls !
are made, is forced under strong pres
sure into a steel tire Then into the
center of this disk an axle box is
thrust, under similar pressure. When
first the straw board discs are put to-
gether they are thrust under q ny
draulic weight of 5000 kilograms, for /
an hour, and a pressure of 80 to 120 |
tons is employed in fitting the eires |
In this way a wheel is made that is +
about three times as durable as these I
made of steel, and Furthermore, far [
more elastic.
This elasticity not only greatly in
creases ease Of railway travel, bur IL I
diminishes the vibrations of the axle /