davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31

Of cash is interesting. About 200 E. C.
the Chinese were still using bronze
currency representing knives 8 2-5
inches long, with hole in one end of
the handle. By 500 A. d. the knives
were is inches long and the hole or
ring was larger. Later the handle dis
appeared and the ring was attached to
the blade, which was increased in thick
ness to give the same weight as former
ly. Still later the blade was gotten rid
of and the ring was pierced with q
square hole for the string. Thus trans
formed the original and cumbersome
knife money became comparatively
convenient currency, though the value
has deprecated greatly, partly because
of reduced size and inferior quality of
metal used.
Cash is the basis of all price compu-
tations in China. Considerable sums
may be paid in gold or silver, but they
are treated as merchandise and are
bought and sold by weight without a
government stamp to guarantee weight
and fineness.
The as was a brass coin used in Italy
until after 200 A. ID.
2. INTERNATIONAL TRADE, = When
trade became international, there was
still greater need for the most accurate
and reliable counters of value possible.
Real coinage began when governments
first guaranteed weight and fneness
with an official stamp. A great part
of this immense gain to commerce
and civilization was lost when, after
awhile. monarchs began to abuse this
coming privilege and to break faith
with their subjects by stamping light
weight or otherwise debased coins as
| genuine. Such coins would continue in
use, but would soon depreciate in value.
Figure IA represents one of the earli-
est silver coins. 1t was struck in Rome
about 300 b. C. "A
Gold was. coined in Rome in 2O6 B. c.
Figure IS shows the gold solidus OF
Julian II. The solidus weighed four
scruples from 312 4. ID. to 1853 and
formed the basis'of more modern Euro
pean coins. The form, coined in Flor
ence in the fourteenth century, was
the first regular coin of western Europe
It soon became the recognized unit OF
| value in commerce and was replaced
7 only by the English sovereign, which
has since remained the standard unit OF
value for international trade.
The commercial world has chosen
gold as money because, all things con,
sidered, it is better fitted for this pur.
pose than any other metal or substance
1t ewes its, position entirely to its in.
trinsic worth. 1t has needed no special
legislation to sustain II, nor has the al.
most unlimited special legislation In
the interest Of silver and other metals
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31
ADVISORS

From the Silver Advocates Outside the
Democratic Party Appointed, by Chair
man Jones.
CHICAGO, Aug Ex-senator Jones
Friday evening appointed the advisory
committee among the silver advocates
and organizations outside the demo-
cratic party, to act as advisers to the
national democratic campaign commit
tee in its general management of the
campaign. The following shave been
asked to serve as members OF this com
mittee: &a
! Senators Henry NJ. Teller, OF Color
ado, and Fred L. Dubois, Of Idaho,
representing the silver republicans;
Senator Marion Butler, of North Caro-
lima, chairman of the national populist
committee, and G. L, Washburn, of Mas
sachusetts, representing the peoples
party. ]. N. Stevens, of Colorado, chair
man of the national silver party com
mittee and George p. Keeney, of Cali
fornia, chief organizer of the silver par
ty, as representatives OF that organic
alton.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31

rum, ginger, olive oil, eggs, indigo and
molasses are some of the products that
have been used in different countries.
The friends of tobacco and corn tried
hard to- prevent these 'crimes against
humanity" but the copper, gold and
silver bug conspirators came out on
top in spite of special legislation in
the interest of tobacco anL corn. This
was hard blow to our country. There
is plenty of tobacco, corn, eggs and
molasses to give us AL the per capita"
wecould carryit if the crime of demone-
tization had not been committed
against them, thereby causing prices
of these and other articles, except the
precious metals to fall precipitately.
Economists tell us that these articles
ceased to be used as money because
they lacked some essential quality.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31
HISTORY OF MONEY
Showing Kinds of Money Used In Different
Stages of Civilization.

Showing Kinds of Money Used In Differen,
Stages of Civilization.
A study of the growth of money may
he useful just now in order to give q
more definite idea of exactly what
uloney is, and to learn why certain arti.
cles or substances have been discarded
and others retained. The natural and
general tendency well understood, we
have only to judge the future by past
experience to predict what will and
what will not be the principal money
metal of the near future.
Hunting and Fishing Stage.
The kind of money in use in many
countries indicates the degree of civ
ilization attained. Man probably fist
became trading animal in the hunting
and fishing stage. Weapons of war and
the chase, together with skins and furs
" ere then the most important kinds oi
property. Hence we find that the more
useful, stable and portable of these
articles were first used as money and
are so used to-day in barbarous coun.
tries.
Beaver skins, or "beaver," was tie
unit of value when our forefathers
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31
Mckinley and Bryan Soap Dolls SC.
Large spool anchor knitting silk SC.


Large spool anchor knitting silk SC.
Our stock of Table Silver Ware is full
of quadruple plate goods 5 piece Tea
Sets, Castors, Trays, Spoons, Knives
and Forks, Mugs, Salts and Peppers,
Water Sets, ETC., at the lowest prices in
the history of the trade. Call and get
our prices and see the quality.
Last call on Summer Corsets only soc
for good quality and fit. Worth Csc.
Special-The Goth Century High Bust
Corset, at 49c, is a very great Bargain.
Regular price 9Sc. See it and you will
be convinced we are not overdrawing
the value
The greatest Bargain we haye ever
shown in SILK goods-heavy all silk
goods, regular price T5, S5c and csc. re-
duced for this lot only, to SOC yd
8 pieces plaids, pieces Persian de-
slgns-1 piece striped, pieces figured,
heavy enough for suits.
Only few pieces of Silk Grenadines.
They are very choice and very great
bargain for 75c yd. Match them ii
you can at Sl50 and 81, 25 per yd.
case full standard prints at 3Mc yd
/ case good quality Challies at 3$4c a.
yd. Make up very pretty in comforts.
/ case Lonsdale Bleach Muslin at 81
A few pairs only of that full, regular
made, imported Ladies' Hose at 15c a
pair, worth Soc.
A large stock of Queensware, new
decorations and patterns, cheaper than
ever. Toilet sets at Sl.9S, S2.25, sS.4s
Supplies for Picnics and Camping par.
ties at Lower Prices than elsewhere
All fresh and good quality
Ralston Health Club Breakfast Food
The most nutr tious and healthy food
made Ralston Health Club Four.
Headquarters for Shredded whole
wheat biscuit is the natural food fo
man and the easiest prepared for wo
man. perfect food.
Bars Octogon soap for csc. The bes
soap on the market Large Octogor
shaped bars. To introduce it we will
sell for time only bars for 25c.
Hundreds of Bargains in our Depart
ments, changing every day. Come t.
where you can get two, three and fou
times the goods for your money Offered
elsewhere Every thing guaranteed a
represented at the great and only
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31

They say that some were perishables
others bulky and hard to transport;
others could not be easily divided for
the purpose of making change; Others
were not uniform in size and quality,
while nearly all lacked stability of
value. But every tobacco, corn, mo-
lasses or egg producer and every lover
of the weed, of omelets or of johnny
cake and sorghum knows that they
were demonetized because they were
so plentiful that the Shylocks could
not monopolize them as easily as they
could the precious metals.
Manufacturing Stage.
The manufacturing stage is not
clearly defined. Hoes were once money
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31
Maci<iDac Island, Toledo and Detroit Ex
cursion.

September 7th via the Il. & o. @. e. r. r..
Mackinac Island and return S5. Detroit,
Arrive Toledo II 80 p. M leave Toledo s;aO p.
IN. via d. & Q. Str, City OF Mackinac arrive
Detroit S:45 p. m arrive Mackinac Island at
noon Thursday. Through Sleeper to Toledo,
and only one change between Marietta and
Mackinac or Detroit, Mackinac Island tickets
good returning within l5 days, Toledo days
and Detroit days. For particulars call on G..
NJ. Payne, Ticket Agent, Union Depot, or p, p.
Morse, City Passenger Agent.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31

tuted for real hooks. Wampum was
the currency of the more civilized In
dian tribes in New England and Long
made from the ends of periwinkle shell
or black beads made from u clam shell
arranged in strings or belts. It became
the official money in New England and
New Amsterdam and lost it's place us
money between 1850 and 100, when the
Smart Alecks" among the whites De-
gan to debase it by leaving the beads
unpublished or unperced or by making
them of bone, horn. glass. and even of
wood. The colonists legislated much
trying to fix prices, and to save wam-
pun from declining in value, but it was
being produced too cheaply. Natural
law was against it, and it had to so
down.
The use of shells as money is still
common on many tropical coasts. Their
wide use is probably due to the strong
passion. common to primitive man, for
personal adornment. This gives shells a
permanent value. Besides they are very
durable, comparatively light, and are
convenient for small change. Whales
teeth, arrowheads, beads, tusks of ivory
and engraved stones are some of the
other money materials of this later
stage of civilization.
The Pastoral Stage.
Man early tanned the domestic ami
mails. The sheep and the cow being the
most useful, they naturally, with their
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31
old settlers, Meeting.

WABASH, Ind, Au2 ao.-The Tri-
County Old Settlers meeting was held
at North Manchester Friday, and over
1000 persons were present when Presi-
dent Henry l.. Groninger called the
meeting to order.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31
Agricultural Stage.

um of exchange
in Norway and
other re IN o t e
parts of Europe.
Maize, or Indian
corn,once formed
the currency of
Mexico, Central
A IN e ca and
someo the early
colonies. Tobac-
co formed t h e
principal money
of Virginia and
Maryland. It was
leg al tie II d e r
in Maryland in
1872. The price
of wives varied
from 100 to $50
pounds of tobac-
co. Dried Goldfish
was once curren-
cy in Newfound-
LTD c =, .
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31
SOUTH BOUND.

Trains run daily except Sunday. Close con.
nectlons Tor all points north and west.
For farther Information call on or addreas {,
PaYNx, Ticks' Agent Union Depot, Mari.
n = H; 9. VINCENT. G.P &rA.
So VIM. MORSE. superintendent.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31

fuctuating silver standard and declare
for the stable and world recognized gold
standard of value. Possibly we may, by
foolish legislation, make silver legal
tender for awhile and drive gold out
of circulation, but our commercial in
terests will continue to use gold, and
soon all interests will be glad to drop
Mexico and China and to return to the
society of civilized nations.-Byron w
Holt.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31

skins (and some
times with their
milk for me d
the currency and
the unit of value.
Our words fee,
pecuniar y a n d
C a pit al come
from the uSp of
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31
B. S-W. RY
.TlmE TABLE.

Trains leave Marietta as follows
For Cincinnati s1o:40 q m, s11:25 p In.
For St. Louis s10:40 m s1l:2b pm.
For Louisville. si0.40 m, ll:2S D m. ft
: For Parkersburg, slO 40 m, 1890 m, s4:ss
For Belpre, 500, 10:40, 200, Ass, 1l:25.
m, 7:00 p m, slI:26 m. a
N, 1895 D M
For New York, s4:55 m, sll:a5 D m.
sDaily Except Sunday.
For detail information regardfna rates
time on connecting lines, sleeping, parlor cars
Q. N. PAYNE, Ticket Agent, B. q o. 8. W
Ry, Marietta, o., or
g. 3. WAHrEI.. Assistant General Passenger
Agent. Cincinnati. Ohio. ,- = 49,
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31

Some of the other money articles that
may perhaps belong to this stage are
cotton cloth, straw hats, cubes of salt
tea, beeswaX. knives and silk cloth. II
was probably in this stage that the
precious metals began to be measured
and weighed more accurately and to
be cast into standard forms.
Commercial Stage.
1. INTERNAL TRADE.-When men be,
gan to live in cities, to have regular
markets where products were ex.
changed, and to have shopkeepers OF
merchants and professional traders,
there was great need of a more exact
and scientific money such as could be
supplied only by the metals. These be.
gan to be cast or stamped into the reg
ular forms, sizes or weights. Bronze
bars and stamped bronze pieces were
used in Greece and Italy. The bronze
piece here represented shows the ev-
olution from cattle money to stamped
metallic money. Weights in the form
Of sheep indicate that sheep were in
Biblical times the unit of value in
Palestine.
Iron was used as money in Sparta.
Pieces of bent iron ready for the black
smith pass as money in west Africa
and elsewhere.
Cash" or 'sapeks" or "le" is the
only native coin and the only legal
tender Of China as we'll as the principal
money Of small accounts. Cash consists
of round disks of a kind of brass with a
square hole in the center. The evolution
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31
THIS WEEK.:

Silk Baby Ribbon, yard
Ladies' Collars
Ladies' Cuffs, pair
Gents Shield Bow
1 Paper Carpet Tacks
Tea Spoons, 2 for
Stove Lifters
Nut Meg Graters
Tin Rattles
Lead Pencils, l, 2 or 4 for l cent, or
pen holders
Pencil Sharpeners
Slate Sponges
Writing Paper, "a sheets
Rubber Erasers
Corset Laees
Aluminium Hair Pin
2 Collar Buttons
Key Ring with Marker
Scarf Pins
Paper Needles
Paper Pins
Cake Toilet Soap
Box Backing
Thimbles
Crochet Needles
"a Marbles
Card Hooks and Eyes
Corn Cob Pipe
Shoe Strings
80 Hair Pins
Drawing States
Pass Books
5 Japanese Paper Napkins
Large Tablets
.25 Envelopes
4 Screw Eyes
Coat Hanger
2 Folding Fans j
3 Sheets Fly Paper
. Finger Pinger
Belt Pids
Patty Pans
Muffin Rings
u or 10 Slate Pencils
8 Dozen Agate Buttons
Tea Strainers
l Handkerchief
Toy Garden Tools
Darning Cotton
/ Yard Elastic
/ Yard Embroidered Silk
Skein Linen Thread
Fine Cigar
Pen Points
20 Crayons
Whistles
Knitting Needles
Toy Pistols
Jack Stones
Pocket Mirror
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31

ON Thursday, Sept. 3d. the O. q ii. Ry. will
give another Of It's popular excursions to
Mackinac Island. via Cleveland and the Great
Lakes Rate s5.0 for the round trip. return
limit ten days. For full particulars see hand
bills and posters.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31

cattle as money. Similar words in
nearly every language testify to the
once general use of COWS and sheep as
money. A mans wealth was estimated
by his herds and fiocks.
1t was in this stage that conquerors
stopped eating captives because it was
discovered that they were worth more
as shepherds and carriers of water.
wood, etc. Hence also slaves often fig
ured as money.
Agricultural Stage.
In the agricultural stage man owns
land, has fixed habitations and is pos
sessed of a far greater variety of pros
perity than when he was a nomad.
Though he continued to use cattle.
slaves, etc. as money, yet he sometimes
added staple farm products and began
to use metals, especially copper and
gold, which at first were usually esti-
mated in terms of cattle and were meas
ured roughly instead of being weighed.
Wheat, barley and oats are now, as
they have been for 2,000 years, medi-
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31

in China and
they are to-day
in Anam. Lit
tie hoes, such
as the one here
figured, o o k
the place OF
real hoes and
became I + u c
money.
Hand made
nails once cir.
culated as mon.
ey in SO m G
Scotch villages.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31

W tiNiNu w tAl tAAS ~
dams. Thus one
beaver equals one
brass kettle; one
beaver equals two
shillings; six bea-
vers equal one gal
Ion brandy, etc.
Fishhooks formed,
the currency on the
northern shores of
the Indian ocean
from Persia to Cey-
Ion. Latterly, how
ever, pieces of bent
wire were Sl1bSti-
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1896-08-31
ohio state Fair at ociambus.

The T. & o. G. E. Ry. will sell tickets to Co
lumbus and return at one fare for the round
trip, good going August 3lst to September 4th
good returning not later than September tth
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1896-04-24
At the Hymeniai Hitter.

On Wednesday, April 10th, 1896
at B p, NJ, near Wytbeville, Va, al
the holse OF Mr.. VIM. Huf'ord, grand
father or the bride, Mr.. Walter X.
Groseclose, Of Ceres, Va, to Miss
Carrie Huffcrd, of Wytheville, Va.
While the Mendellshon wedding
march was rendered by Miss Mary
Hayes of Rich Valley, the bride, at
til ed in q travelling dress of gruy,and
carrying n large bouquet of marechai
MEL roses, white satin stoarns, enter
ed the parlor leaning on the arm OF
IIer sister, Miss Hnfford, OF Tazewell.
The groom was attend by Dr.. II. Il.
Peery, Of Burkes Garden, as best
man, who had arrived from California
for the OCCASION.
The Ceremonial was beah'ifully per
formed by the IsA;. Wm Hutford, OF
Pulsaki City; who in tho presence OF
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1896-04-24
Death of Mrs. S. d. Nav.

1t is with regret that We chronicle
the death of this most estimable lady.
She was all tia. goes to make ip that
best of Gods blessiugs-a good
woman. Mrs. May Was the daughter
Of Mr., William Leece, deceased, of
Russell county, and sister of Mrs.
jim Ed. poery, Of this county, aud
Mrs, Jennie Bupdy, OF Russell coun,
ty, and 'Iessrs. Chas. 4, and WIN.
a Leece, of this county. She was a
member of the Presbyterian church
and devoted Christian, and all who
came in contact with her loved her
Tor the many graces of which she was
possessed She was on6 ill for about
two weeks aud had eveiy care that a
loving husband aud many friends
could bestow, Size leaves husband
aud i've small children, in addition
to large circle of friends and rcla.
hves to mourn her loss. The family
have the sympathy of tho entire com.
munity in their irreparablo loss.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1896-04-24

relatives and friends spoke tho
solemn words TINT blended two lives
into one, md united one Of the most
popular couples of this region.
The bride is daughter OF DR..
Hufford of TnzewcIl. For the pa t
two years she has taught music 1T
Prof. Evans school at Sharon
Springs, and whilo there by her low
Illness and accomplishments won
many hearts among the pupils and
outsiders.
The groom is n handsome, oner
getin merchant of Ceres. aud of y
family prominent for over a ceutur,
in Southwest Virginia.
After the wedding all present per
took of supper that for bounty ant
perfection will always b, remem
bered. Valuable and tasteful pres
ents were given by appreciatin,
friends
Ats:4s p. M, accompanied to Bal
timere by DIR. Peery en- route fol
New York, the bridal couple left foi
n tour of several days to Baltimore,
Washington and other points, follow
ed for their bridal trip, end for lifa's
journey by the best wishes of all
their friends.-Bland Southwest.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1896-04-24
Fresh candlys always.ia stock 4

Fresh candies alwaysih stock at
H. w. Pobst's. "a
Mr.. F. l.. Holmes, of Wit:en's
Mills, was in town Monday.
Mr., Mrx weuberger, of pocahon
tas, was in town Thursday.
Mr.. w. A. waA. of Paint Lick.
was in town the first of the week.
DR., Jas. O'Keeife has returned,
from business trip to West vir
ginia.
Eldorado cigar is one of the hest
cigars you can buy. 1t is kept l.,
Pobst.
Mr.. w. I. Boone attended tht
Republican convention at Staun
ton this week.
The band discoursed sweet music
Tuesday night for the benefit of til,
people GENERALLY.
The Jewel stove ia a dandy. II
is guaranteed to bake 10y the Taze,
wei Hardware Co.
Mrs. Geo. st. Clair has returned
home after prolracted visit to he,
parents in Stnunlun.
Prof Christie, of Rmlford, Va.
has been talking music to our PEG
ple turing the week.
Mr. @. Q. Mitchell, editor of the
Pocahonlas Headlight, attended
court here this week.
Mr.. w. G. Young left for Sthnn
ton Wednesday to attend the Re
publican State Conventions.
The large eagle in front of Ian
'don's drug store was the centre oil
attraction in town court day.
Rev w. w. Ruff, pastor of the
Presbyterian church. il attending
Presbytery at Rural Retreat.
Messrs. J. G.. Watts, JAS. Harris
son and JAS. Bandy are attending
the republican convention at Stuun
ton.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1896-04-24
The Figures.

The washington Post says it is
comparatively easy to pick out the
States that will send free coinage
delega ions to the Democratic Con
vention at Chicago, but it is not so
easy to figure that n Democratic
nominee on n free silver platform can
be elected. 1t add:
There will be 447 votes in the next
electoral college, so that 224 will be
o majority. or this number 1913 will
surely be cast for an anti-silver can
didate by New York, Pennsylvania,
New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland,
and New England. This will leave
the other So to be secured in the
Middle West aad Northwest, task
which at this time, seems to be 81
most certain of fulflllnent.
The chances are all in favor of the
anti.free coinage candidate. In the
negative column are 2O6 electoral
votes, only eighteen lesa than are
necessary for p majority. Nor can
any one of these votes be questioned.
The existing conditions certainly in
dictate that as against a Democratic
silver candidate, the Republican
States of Iowa, Ohio. Minnesota,
Michigah, Wisconsin,, and the two
Dakotas, you'd still remain in the
Republican, column.
Out of the lis votes in the doubt.
full column, the sound money cahdi-
date has only to secure eighteen,
while tao silver ticket must carry
100. The law of probability is en-
tirely with the former.
One mans guesss is good until
another man presents his.-Rich.
mond Dispatch.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1896-04-24
Weyler's Wall of Spanish Bayo-
nets WMNot Stop Maceo.

HAVANA, April 21.-General Weyler
has succeeded in accomplishing what
MARTINEZ Campos ands other Captain
Generals have attempted in vain. lie
has built trocha across the island and
kept it intact for Two weeks Tint the
present trocha is formidable, even the
patriots admit.
Weyler raised the force Of the trocha
TO % 900, and gaze 5OOl more for use in
flying columns acting in conjunction
" tn those on the line. The troops were
set to work building forts, digging
trenches and stretching barricades. The
work has been pushed night and day,
and the best trocha Spain has ever built
an Cuba now copfronts Maceo.
The patroit General has SO word to
his friends in Havana that he will break
through the trocha when he is ready
and that when the first showers of rain
fall the Captain General s plans will
turn to dust.
Maceo's own rcts, with those of
Bandera and Delgado number about
$4,000 men. They have been in the
hills around Lechuza, Is miles west of
the trocha, for Two weeks. They have
plenty of provisions and have the whole
province of Pinar del Rio at their backs.
They have some ammunition. They
NEARLY wiped out of existence the col
umn commanded by Lieutenant Colonel
Debos. who attempted to drive them
out of the hills and was driven to the
shores of the Cabanas Bay. A second
combination of flying columns failed to
dislodge the patrols. Meanwhile the
main body of Spanish troops holds the
trocha.