davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
AGRICULTURE.

Sow plenty of wheat and other small
grains. Oar farmers must make their
own bread and meat.
Clean up all trash and leaves in the
garden, vineyard and orchard, and
burn the same, 80 as to destroy ell IN
sects and fungous pests.
When milk and butter take their
proper places as food, the products
Of the COW will be relatively doubled
in selling price from what they are
now.
The millions of people engaged in
agricultural pursuits are wage-earners
as much as those engaged IN the toun
dry, mines, or factories. Don't forget
that.
The sale of 200, 600 bushels of wheat
at San Francisco for shipment to Cal
Cutta is sCmething new. This may
have something to do with the upward
movement of the market.
One Of our professional writers ls
alarmed at the fact thatso many farm
ers are moving into the towns and
cities. There are enough left to pro
duce all the 5O-cent wheat that is nee ded,
are there not9
The farmers institute and the agrl
cultural college are institutions for the
Development of better methods IN agrl
cultural pursuits that should be en-
couraged in every possible way. Too
much cannot be done to increase their
Usefulness.
It IS a wonder that a farmer should
Eave the farm when he can drink
cream in his coffee, eat the freshest OF
tSujts, with cream If he desires it, and
enjoy early garden vegetables, and
iaugn and grow fat at other peoples
Io4lles and mistakes.
An Oklahoma farmer who is testing
OLack rice corn, finds that it's heads are
IUcn larger than those of K fir corn
snd three weeks earlier. The stalks
range N height from two to ten feet,
ana 1t se5ms to vary considerably in
'ype Of stalk and head. 1t is said to ba
d cross of Jerusalem corn and Milo
maze.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
DRRP PLoUGH1NG MAKES SOIL.

Drainage is a most important matter,
as without it little successful farming
can be done in this country, and how
very few understand the true theory
OF drainage. Most people want to get
clear OF the dirty water as quickly as
can be, while the true theory is to
farm the land 80 that it will absorb all
the rainiwater that falls upon it, and
store it's fertility in the soil, and the
surplus water pass off through the tile
drains clear as a crystal. The more
rain water you can get your soil to ab
s0rb the richer it will be. Good, hon,
est ploughing has much to do with sue
cessful farming. Young America of
today likes to boast of how much he
can plough rather than how we'll it is
DONE The gradual deepening of the
soil, especially on clay land, has much
to do with it's fertility, because the
deeper it is stirred the more rain water
it will absorb, and thus be better pre-
pared in time of drought to give the
plant roots more soil and moisture to
feed upon.
We have just as good soil to-day six
inches deep on clay by this process as
we had ten years ago three inches deep,
and the crops Of corn and wheat are in,
creasing as the soil is deepened, al
though these crops have been continu
GUS for ten years.-John Latimer,
Bloomingdale, o.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
BEST SOIL FOR WHEAT.

The best land for wheat should be
underlaid by good, clay subsoil, the
situation should be high and dry, and
drainage sufi cient. Towards the last
month is the usual time for sowing in
the more northern sections of the cot
ton belt. At the South the red bearded
varieties are best suited. By careful
selection of soils and varieties, thor
ough preparation and judicious fertil
izing, we may make supply for FAM
lily use; but our section is not, in the
main, suited to the raising of wheat,
and it should not therefore be made a
leading crop. There is very little land
with us naturally rich enough for
wheat, but it may be made so artiti-
cially. If stable manure or cotton seed
are used they should be plowed in; if
cotton seed meal or commercial fertili-
zers, they may be narrowed. But the
land should be deeply piowed and
brought to fine tilth. After the seed
are sown, roll. This will give firm
seed bed and cause a more uniform
and q better stand. 1t will also lessen
the danger of injury from severe frost.
As forerunner of wheat there is no
better crop than field peas.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
KID GLOVE FARMERS.

One large cause IF trouble with the
farmer is that kid gloved farmers have
more influence in shaping the policies
OF government, as they apply to agri-
culture, than the real farmer heSO
Governor MortoD, of New York, while
owning a splendid farm, is no farmer.
Secretary Morton, of Nebraska, is no
farmer. Jim Hill, of Minnesota, is no
! farmer. Elk Senator Palmer, of Michi-
gan, is no farmer. These men may
know all about the theories of farm
work and indeed all about the practical
work of the farm. But they are not
practical, operative farmers. They are
rich. 1t makes little difference to the m
whether wheat is selling for dollar or
so cents per bushel. They get their
revenue from other sources than the
farm and it is just such men as these
who influence a vast deal of the legis.
lation of the country and do it because
they pose as farmers. They are the
| flowers that bloom in the potato patch;
they are the mushrooms that grow in
the barnyard; they are the gilded
weather vanes on the barn. They do
not have to worry as to whether the
farm will pay; whether or not they
can pay the mortgage; whether or not
they can meet their obligations from
hard work, and they ought not to be
permitted to have any say whatever as
to what the farmers of this country
should have from the government.
The operative farmers themselves
should dictate to the government as to
what it should do for them. Western
Ploughman
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
No. 81
SYSTEM ON THE FARM.

In every department of labor the
essential to success is a systematic
method. System is especially needed
III farm work, because thrift of so
many living things is in the power of
the farmer. There should be a regular
hour for feeding stock. Animals soon
learn the hour for their meals when
given regularly, and are impatient of
delay. Bawling, bleating or equealing
for an hour before each meal does not
hasten the developmentof fat in calves,
lambs or pigs. An other times the food
is given too soon, the animal not being
hungry and not prepared to make the
best use of it. There should be q Ger.
tain hour at which to begin feeding in
the morning and time at which to
quit feeding at night, or rather evening,
for we don't believe in feeding after
dark except in the shortest December
days. The farmer who feeds his stock
by lantern light during spring and fall
months will be apt to get crops in late
and pick corn till holidays. The family
meals should not vary ten minutes
from the specified time; neither should
the men ever keep meals waiting. Chill
dren should be off TO school on time,
neither too late or too early. They will
be more apt to have their lessons on
time if everything is regular at home.
The work is so much easier to do when
everyone knows his time and place;
life is more pleasant and happy times
come Oftener. System preserves health,
for we know that worry kills more per-
sons than disease. Southern Farm.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20

been adopted of letting the owner with,
draw his tobacco after the sale if the
price does not suit him This is done
to prevent effective combines between
the buyers or to beat the trusts. A
certain hour is fixed at which the bids
must be cashed. Failure to comply
with this rule puts the buyer on the
black list and his purchasing ability is
at an end. The farmer goes to the
Office in the building, gets his money
less the handling and selling commits
sion and goes where he pleases.
The piles rest on warehouse baskets
made for the purpose and are circular
in shape and pyramidal in form, the
hands being laid in circle and in lay
ers, the butts out. These piles vary in
size from few pounds to hundreds.
After the sale is over the floor is cleaned
and the work of filing it for the next
sale begins. Immediately after the
sale, bills are made out by clerks and
an account of the sale given or sent to
the owner, generally the same day.
The buyers at these sales are both
manufacturers and spectators. The
manufacturers prefer to get their stock
direct from planters hands. 1t is then
not bruised or broken by handling and
is not stuck together when prizing in
the hogsheads. The warehouse sales
are fair and open, where the farmer
gets cash and where the artice is al
ways sold to the highest bidder. The
warehouse charges are as follows, with
2 per cent. commission additional: !
to 40 lbs, 2Oc so to 100 lbs , 25c 100
to 200 lbs., SOC. 200 to 300 lbs., 75c
800 to 60Olbs., 81; 600 to 1, 600 lbs, 81 4C
and 1,OOO lbs. and upward, $2.-J. B.
Roney, in American Agriculturist.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
THE SOUTHERN FARMER.

Sectional feeling only can be engen-
dered by such articles as recently ap
peared in the New York Independent,
in which it was stated that the South
ern cotton grower was in State of
serfdom, being virtually owned by the
country merchants, who hold them
in a bondage of perpetual debt, and
the Houston Post is not to b9 blamed
for it's sharp rejoinder, in which, among
other things, it says:
''There is a way of ascer tanning where
'serfdom' exists and where the farmers
are owned by others. By the census
of 1890 we are informed that in Illinois,
where the population is only one-fourth
greater than in Texas, 128,O00 acres
were under mortgage to the extent OF
$165, 900 900, or more than twice the
mortgage Indebtedness on acreage ia
Texas. In Georgia and Iowa, repre-
sentative States with about the s1me
population, the figures are: Acres Un
der mortage in Georgia, 81 900; amount
of mortgages, $16, OOO, 600; acres under
mortgage in Iowa, III, 600; amount,
$149, 600, ,OOO."
To the charge of the Independent
that the Southern farmer is improvi
dent and fails to produce the necessi,
ties of life, preferring to buy them, the
Pest says:
THE Southern farmer is learning
his lesson from low prices for cotton
and is rapidly developing into a pre-
ducer of his own supplies. More varied
crops are being rai4ed in Texas now
than ever before, and in short while,
even in a bad year, the Texas farmers
family will be Independent of the coun-
try merchant or the city commission
house for his provisions while he is
waiting for his cotton to mature"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
WASTE MOI; WANT NOT.

I remember in helping tear down an
old barn, preparatory to building a
new one. The foreman, who was some
what of wag, and was tearing up a
loose floor, told me he was finding
little of everything, hammer, hoes, a
set of harness, and expected to find a
horse soon. Well, the value of many
a horse has been lost and never found.
There is much of the waste that is not
intentional, but the result of wrong
planning. AS write, it is raining
little, and we have a stack open that
might have been closed with little
different management of other work,
and neither would have been neglected
Farmers Review.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20

Wherever it is desired to grow
peaches on heavy soils it is a good plan
to bud the peach on the plum. They
are nearly enough related to make this
union a success. While the pear roots
will not suffer in clay as those of the
peach would do, they will supply more
and better mineral plant food for the
peach upper growth than the latter
would get on its own roots. But on
heavy soil either for plums or peaches
there should be thorough underdrain
ing to secure the best results.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
WHY THE BALANCE is AGAINST
US,

A Tampa, Florida, man shipped to a
firm in New York five COW hides, for
which he got 81 80 net. When tanned,
the hides made ten sides Of leather.
About the same time a Tampa shoe
maker ordered ten sides of leather
from the same firm in New York and
paid them fer the five hides converted
into ten sides of tanned leather, $57 so,
a profi5 of $50, which amount reduced
the volume Of circulating currency in
Tampa and increased that il New
York. k.-Southern Cultivator.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20

A dairy farmer writes that he has
been noticing that sunshine and plenty
of air in his stables aids a great deal in
giving rich, yellow milk. He is right,
and it would be well if several hundred
thousand more dairy m9n would notice
the same thing. The color of milk,
particularly, is greatly affected by the
amount of sunshine the COW receives.
Therefore, ali stables should be built
with plenty of windows and a southern
exposure, If possible.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
ARTICHOKES.
Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
FREMONT, MICH.
For several years have grown the
improved kind of artichokes with the
best results. I am certain they are
ahead of all roots for hCgs. My plan is
to feed all they eat Of them until just
before killing, when I feed a
few bushels of corn to harden
the meat. By so doing I save
many bushels of corn. One acre
will keep from 10 to 80 hogs from Sep
tember till June in the best condition.
Hogs fed on them are always healthy
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20

we should not forget that we have
partners who are equally interested in
all our business transactions. The wife's
efficiency in the home will be increased
by knowledge of and interest in the
husbands business. AS no other branch
of business owes go much of its pros
perity to wives as does the farmers,
do not be selfish in this matter. See.
that your wife has all the modern i'm
provements for lessening her labors.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
HOW TOBACCO IS SOLD IN THE
SOUTH.

Tobacco in Virginia and other South
ern States is sold on a much different
/ an from what Northern growers are
accustomed to and to attend a tobacco
''break" in any Of the principal cities
or towns of the South would be a nov.
city to a Northern tobacco grower.
The word "break" is used to designate
a sale. Instead Of the growers receiv,
ing visits from the buy ers, these sales
take place in a warehouse, brick or
frame building one story high and con
tanning a large floor space ranging
from 5OX1OO feet to 2O0x3O0 feet, or
even more, as the case may be. a
large number of doors on each side
afford easy admission or exit. The
floor is elevated or feet from the
ground, and there are projecting sheds
on all sides but the front to afford shell
ter for the teams which bring the to
bacco from the farmers. It is so ar
ranged that the crop is unloeded di-
rectly into the warehouse.
In large centers like Richmond and
Danville, Va, and Oxford, Henderson
and Winston, N. c., there are large
number of such warehouses. Here the
tobacco is sold by an auctiOneer, the
proprietor of the warehouse receiving
commission on the sale. No receipt is
given a farmer if he comes in a wagon
and delivers his tobacco, attending to
the sale himself. But if shipped in
hogsheads, tierces or open crates by
freight, the farmer sends to the ware
house his bill Of lading. The warehouse
then pays the freight, deducting it
from his sales account. The tobacco
is then taken from the hogsheads in
hands, where it is weighed and placed
on the floor in piles, each pile having a
tag on which are printed the name of
the owner and the weight. The farmer
puts paper, strings or anything be-
tween his grades when packing in a
hogshead, and it is sold according to
his grades or just as he directs.
On auction days these warehouses
are filed with a crowd of buyers and
curiosity seekers. The auctioneer stands
on a box set on wheels, which admits
Of it's being easily moved from pile to
pile. At each one he solicits bids; that
is, you are told, if you are stranger,
that he is doing so. At ali events he
is using his tongue, his hands and his
body to the best advantage. Ali are IN
motion. His jargon is unintelligible to
ali but the initiated. No time is lost.
The first pile is knocked down, the
clerk takes the buyers name and the
stand is wheeled to the next pile. The
same thing is repeated, until the con
tents of the warehouse have all been
disposed of at auction to the highest
bidder.
Five hundred sales in a warehouse
in morning is not an uncommon oc
currence. Generally the first sale Is
followed by other sales at other waE> =
houses, the crowd going from one to
the other. L2tterly the system has
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20

1t is important that our cleanly cul,
tivated fields should not be left bare
during the winter months. We again
urge that rye be soWn wherever prac-
ticable. 1t is not yet too late, and as q
green food for stock, as we'll as an i'm
proven to the land, it's value cannot be
oVerestimated.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20

Never try to keep cattle on nothing
but silage. Some nay and grain are
essential to health. Thirty pounds per
COW is enough. Most failures with en-
silage are due TO feeding too much or
else to putting immature corn into the
silo, which will give poor grade of
nOailaUo
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
-,r- gATIoNAL FARMERS ALL
aNCE AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.

o-esident-Ma Mann Page, Brandon,
'91 941icePresident-H. G. snavely, Leb-
slGn' -Treasurer-R. A. South
rorth, Denver, Col.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
EXECUTIVE BOARD.

II, Toucks, Huron, 8. D.; w. P.
o-;c,ar T. a. Cogan Station, Pa. J. f. Viii
pts PTS Kansas; W. L. Peeke, Ga.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
..,-,,r .. RoLINA FARMERS STATE ALLI-
ANOE.

President - DIR. Cyrus thompson,
RichIands, !. Q.
Wee President-Jno. Graham, Ridge
aa5ao'retarv- e. -Treasurer-W. 8. Barnes,
Tecturer-J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City,
Is is6toward-Dr. 63 V. N. seawell, Villa
~ IChiapiain-Rev. il P. h. Massey Dur
"'j5I5' Door keeper-Geo. T. Lane, Green's
Assistant Door -keeper-Jas. E. Lyon,
Durham, n. 4.
Rutherfordton, n. 9.
State Business Agent-T. IVey, Hills
" Trustee ~ Business Agency FUnd-W.
A, Graham, Machpelah, n. y.
,vrcr7T7vU COMMITTEE OF TIE NORTH
CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE
Al Hileman, Concord, N. c.; N.
q English. Trinity, n. c.; James N.
heWborne, Kins on, n. =.
STATE ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE.
John Brady, Gatesville, N. c.; DR..
IF Harrel, Whiteville, n. G.; 1. j..
Gambler. Acton. N. =.
aaysn Carolina Reform Press Association
gT1ers-,J. L. Ramsey, President !;
GE-rEOn Butler, Vice President w. D
gaynes, Secretary,
PAPERS.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20
JUDICIARY.

o 4 southworth, Denver, Colo.
:. :. y. Hi Beck, Alabama.
x x y Davie, Kentucky.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20

"The Progress
Sive Farmer is q
good paper---far
above the aver
age and possibly
the best advertis-
ing medium in N.
c." Printers Ink.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20

zatB Carolina Reform Press Association.
Cfcers-J. L. Ramsey, Prestde1tS; ;
esTEogs Butler, Vtce-PTestdent; ". ..
gayneS, Secretary,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1896-10-20

"The Progress
.;ve Farmer is q
aood paper---far
sSove the aver
sgDee.--and possibly
t5e best advertis-
;1g medium in N.
I3h Printers Ink.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1896-02-07

NEW ADVERTISEMENT TO-DAY.
Owen, Moore & Co.
Larrabee'S White Store.
j. r. Libby.
Rines Bros-2.
Hooper. Son & Leighton.
Messengers Notice.
ADJUSTMENTS.
Portland Theatre.
Xaw.
New Wants, To Let, For Sale, Lost, Found
and Similar advertisements will be found under
heir appropriate heads on Page 6.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1896-02-07
Almost a Century.

Mrs. Mary Ann Henry, who is living
at No. 9 Salem street, with her grandson,
+. j. Stevens, celebrated her 9th birth
day yesterday. Mrs. Henry has her fac
ulties in remarkable degree. and re-
ceiyed her many callers yesterday most
graciously. She was born in Cork, Ire
land, February 6, 1899. the daughter of a
well-known business man. She remem-
Ders all the stirring events of the early
part Of the century. She came to Cana
da in 1892, and in 1928 married Mr.. John
Henry. Mr.. Henry died in 1870, leaving
considerable property. In 1885 Mrs.
Henry came to Portland and has lived
here ever since with her children and
grandchildren, great many of whom
reside here. Mrs. Henry had four chill
dren, three Of whom are now living i'll
and about this city. These are Mrs.
Nicholena Stevens, Mrs. John Knowles,
Mr.. George Henry of Cape Elizabeth,
and MI. William Henry of Plymouth.
Mass. The descendants of Mrs. Henry
are scattered all over this country and
are very numerous. She has besides the
four children living, 40 grand children,
63 great-grand children and two great
great-g grandchildren.
The committee that is to decide upon
the builders for the steamship which
will be added to the feet of the New
YORK line, will probably visit New York
in few days. Inside of month at the
most the committee will give its decis-
ion
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1896-02-07
The Steamer Frank Jones.

Beginning Friday, March 10, 1895, the
steamer Frank Jones will leave Rock
land at a. m. on Fridays for Castine,
Deer Isle, Sdgwick, Brooklin, Southwest
Harbor, Northeast Harbor, Bar Rarbor,
Millbridge, Jonesport and Machiasport.
The Rrank Jones' will leave Bar Harbor
at p. M, arriving at Machiasport at z
p. m. Returning will leave Maehiasport,
weather permitting, on Mondays at a.
IN. for Jonesport, Millbridge, Bar Har-
Dor, Northeast Harbor, Southwest Har-
Dor, Broolkin, Sedgwick, Deer Isle, Cas-
tine and Rockland, arriving at Bar Har-
Dor at 10 a. m. and at Rockland at D.
m. The Frank Jones will connect at
Bar Harbor with steamer leaving at TO- 80
a. N, connecting at Mt. Desert Ferry
with train 112 for Portland, Boston and
all points on the Maine Central railroad.
This arrangement Of one round trip a
week will continue until May 9th when
the service Will be Increased to two
round trips week, and later in the sea-
son, the service will again be increased
to three round trips week, early notice
of which will be given.
| Tho Frank Jones will stop at North
east Harbor on signal. and will stop reg
ularly at all other landings during the
continuance of this arrangement The
| steamer connects at Rockland with trains
Of the Maine Central railroad for all
points to and from the east and west
The steamer connects at Bar Harbor
with the steamers of the Maine Central
railroad which connect with its all-rail
line for Ellsworth. Bangor and all points
| in central and eastern Maine Ar
rangement has been made with the post
office department by which the United
| States mails will be carried on the Frank
Jones to and from all it's stopping places
during the entire summer season. The
Pullman sleeping and parIor car service
in connection with the steam or, will be
restored later in the season and main
tanned throughout the entire season.