davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-24

GREAT RUSSIAN WOMEN OF THE MINES OF PERM.
the sane rs the Ottomans. There arc In Russia
some Tartar tribes that are akin TO the Mon
pure Tartars by any means, standing much
nearer to the Firms than the MOngols. lnac-
curato is also tho Russian official statement,
bringing the number OF the Tartar tribes inhab-
ting the empire to the figure Of nine million.
They are by no means so numerous as that, aud
the mistake Is due TO the fact that ON the sta
t~lstical lists many tribes are entered as Tartars
who have no right To the name at alias the
kirghiIi Tor Instance. OF whom there are over
The descendants of Batyo and Gingis Khan,
whose followers occupied once tho entire east
OF European ltnssia, scattering among the Fln-
mic tribes settled In those parts are now even
T sTss 'r among aEsms SEW !H and ' Sesiide %' every Ti.
where their settlements arc now surrounded on
all sides By Russians, who have steadily pushed
the TRrtars, coming from the west. However,
the fact OF tho Russians having everywhere
left the ~T'artars the untrammelled use of their
b M%s'S% 6 rs'ss,"n' n tRs G t%S %co Sa .'" ffss WITTY
French used TO say that, scratch the Russian
aud you will lind the Tartar; bnt even they
seem TO have RELOCATED this witticism to the
archives, since their own countryman, that
G 6,X thS or TsSrs, =, h2Gs so tdat ,taG HtnsstihR US
M SrSs isa' lS or A SlSG" ' Siood .Ao iiRhS o fa a@He
during the three centuries Of 5hsir
from the Russian provinces lying to the north
and the. northwest OF them: they never lived
nHAblG NANll' INV oHll bNlIlklt btlhltllthh VI
TartArs among Russian SlRys took place but
once, and that was when, in the fourteenth
century, King Nitovt took a number OF Tartar
prisoners and settled them In Lithuania and IN
Poland, where they subsequently,. adopted
Polish names, and were then entirely merged
In the Polish population. On the other hand,
such OF the Russians as descend from the
Christianized Tartars are easily distinguished
through their names, such as the BashKirtzefs,
the Bakhmetefs, the BATabins, the KRZem-
BeGks. the PRINCES shakovskoyi MestehersEys;
and others. When any Tartar. chief called
Mira adopted Christianity and Identified him
SELF with the Russians he received the Russian
tltle Of prince, consequently, with rare eHeep.
tons. this title, when coupled to a name OF
Tartar origin. carries very little importance
will 1t In the estimation OF tho Russians,
The TArtars that live In Russia are very
peaceful, and although as a rule they do not
mix socially with people OF other Municipalities
still they appear entirely satisfied with their
lot, while the, Russian authorities seem 70 trust
their loyalty implicitly ever since the CrlmeAn
war, during which the Tartars OF the south and
the Crimea hardly lent any services 70 their 90
rellgiOnists, the Turks. who were among the in-
yGdsrs. And even now, 20 tFsll are the ties
that bind the Tartars 70 Other MOAlemS that IN
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-24
VIEWPOINTS TAX RATE
To 80 the same ~ Last Year-COrnelius
= YnnderbIIt the MenvIest T~nxpayer.

NEWPORT, May l6.-Newport's tax assessors
announced to-day that the rate for the year
would be 5000 per thousand. the same rs last
year. II wHs thought that because Of a falling OF
IN the personal property valuation, the rate OF
taxation would have 10 be increa sed. This caused
CONSERVATION among many OF the summer rest.
sufficient 10 more than make up for the loss
IN personal estate. As usual. very much more
tages and villas owned by residents OF New
York. According to the tax assessment re-
ported to-day, Cornelius Nanderbit's villa Is
for SOs3. 900. Mrs, Belmont's marble house
is tho next In value.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-24
D THE WHITE CZAR.
THE PEOPLES AND TRIBES RULED
oYER ny THE RUssIAN a UToORAE

The Fundamental Elements or che Diverse
Rus-isn Population Are the Ftnns. chs
Tartar-, snd che Sisvs-The Films OF
FIni.nd, Their Brcthre. in the Baltic
Provinces, aud Their Uneiviiised kim
dred on tho steppes The Tsrtsrs
d. tho DiHerent Psrts or che Empire
The Kaimucks and che siberians.
nj nRs. n. MO II
Amid the bewildoring diversity Of the Rus
sian empires population there are to be distin-
euirhed, strictly speaking, three Fundamental
elemonts In IT, tho Finn. tho Tartar. and tho
Slav. Peoples belonging to either Of these
races, or, what Is more frequent, presenting .
cross between two OF them. are settled side by
side. and. apart from their innate or acquired
peculiaritios. present q most vivid deInonstra-
ton Of the well-known fact that whenever
Aryaus happen TO settle amid people Of another
raco-save, perhaps, the sturdy Semites-they
seem to prepare the way. quito unpremeditatedly.
for the aborigenes' gradual deterioration and
ultimate extinction; and that not only through
the survival Of the fittest in lifo's struggle, but
simply from the very fact Of the presence of the
Indo- European race. In short, In Russia the
same developments take place. whenever psople
of different races are brought In moro or less
close contact, that are still observable in the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-24

sia, reporting this wonderful conversion 10
the authorities rs being due TO the recognition
by the heathens OF the. light Of Christianity,
and getting u decoration for his deal, or perhaps
such methods IL that most OF the nomads and
half-snvage Firms are duly. entered In the lists
ms communicates Of the Russian Church. re-
naming all the whilo. paEans, and having no
more conception of Christianity than the saw
agp Indian has OF chemistry.
Most OF the Finnic tribes show their Turanian
origin In their yellow skin, high cheek bones,
narrow yet not slnntinR) eyes. scnnty boards,
fiat, spread -out noses; some have also short.
crooked legs. dcformed either by the ricketts,. de-
veloped IN children through spending long Arc
tic winters In smoky, draughty tents, on wholly
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-24
rntrIon.m Dol Windham.


MUM TV 0FFfVW FW"E W."
In the town OF Windham, near the Raymond
line, lives William Garland, "A veteran OF the
war, who cannot be Uutdone In patriotism by
any man IN the United states, tor years he
has kept three iAGs constantly lying, one from
and "a third from his hen house. His house u
painted In alternate stripes OF red. white, and
blue, and in various convenient places are the
regulation number OF stArA Those eGga OF hls
loyal hkns must " n0uTlShmsnt for good oit'
EenahlR -
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-24

Among themselves the Finnic tribes differ
greatly, not only In the extent OF their ciViliZa-
ton but even as 20 their racial traits; as 10
their religious beliefs they are SO minutely sub
divided. that Films appear TO have a wider
on earth, belonging as they do ~ the Russian
orthodox or the Lutheran faith, protesting Islam,
ShAmantsm, &c, while a great many OF them
are nndisguised pagans say "undis-
Eutsed." since II must be owned that not rare
have been the occasions when some enteFprisinR
rural police Officer somewhere out 10 the Arctic
tundras or In far-Away Siberia. getting impA-
TENT az the ~slowness OF mis- promotion, would
annex them 70 hhs established church Of Ras-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-24

since 1850, ana by this time Is extended to all
parts Of European Russia where there is any
civilization at all.
THE Firms OF THE BALTIC PROVINCES.
The nearest neighbors Of the Suomie of their
own blood are the Esths or Esthonians. and the
now almost extinct Livs, who have given their
name to the province called Livonia.
The Esths are far behind the Suomie in civil
~ization. but this may be entirely attributable to
the bondage In which they have been held for
nearly five hundred years by the invaders OF
their country, and their relentless oppressors,
the German barons, descenders of the CRU
saders, who came to Christianizs the Esths, and
remained In the latter country ever since. liv-
Ing off the hardy aborigines.
l had occasion to mention the Esths. In
speaking or the m In q preceding arti-
Gle. refer to them now only to point out that
the grievances of the Esths are, In part. OF the
same character as that of the Finns-Suomie
only doubly intensified. The Germans. who
represent in Esthland what is called the " bet
ter" or rather the holder and more %affluent,
classes, count only for something less than
7-l00 In tho three Baltic Governments; the
rest OF the population Of this part OF Russia.
that 10 so frequently referred to as the Ger
man provinces" of Russia, IL composed of
30-l00 Firms, 47-l00 Letto- Lithuanians, while
the balance Ia made mp of Russians, Poles,
Swedes, and Hebrews.
Notwithstanding the oppression to which
they have been for so many centuries submitted.
Esths do not show the slightest tendency TO ex-
tinction; quite to the contrary In TACT: they
multiply fast and represent upward of a mil.
lion now. Their language Is the softest and
purest OF the Finnio tongues; they also have
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-24

United States, where the Indian race steadily
declines. and threatens to become extinct
1t must be remembered that the four great
culture races are the TurdnfIn. or Urdlo- Audlc,
frequently misnamed Mongollan; the Semitic.
tho CLshite, and the -Arudn. The oldest of them
all 10 the Turanian, whose representative pro-
duced tho first known civilization now proved
older than the Egyp.ian) of which the ruins
and cuneiform monuments Of Chaldea-the low
lands of the Tiger and the Euphrates-are the
eloquent witnesses and remains. The Turanian
race may also be set down as the yellow race.
Its eastern group consists OF the Chinese. Mon
gols. and Mandolin: Its western group Is formed
Of the Turks. Tartars. Firms, and Hupearians,
the latter being descendants of Attila's Huns,
mixed with Slav and some German elements,
and having a language akin to the Turkish.
At the present time, according to official sta
tistios. there appears to be about five million
Firms In the Russian empire. 1t seems to me-.
however. that these returns are not altogether
reliable on account Of the fact that the Finnio
origin of many tribes of this people have been
ascertained within a comparatively recent date.
while the official subdivision Of the races In the
empire has not been altered for q long time:
consequently. 1t is not unnatural to presume
that a few Finnic tribes are still figuring In off,
clal lists among the "Tartars," or tho seven
million miscellaneous" population.
Firms. nowadays. are found almost exclusively
in Russia, and some of than in S~weden-such
IS the Lapps, for instance. The barbarians who
struck terror into the hearts of the Europeans
and went under the appellation Of Huns were
Finns. as are the Magyars Of Hungary: the lat
ter. by the way, have achieved the highest civil
ization attained yet by any people of Ffnnio orr
gin. The great numbers of Firms dwelling In
The realm OF the Gear belong either to the east
ern or tho western branch of that family. or
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-24

else are to be reckoned as Flnno-Tartars, pre-
senting a mixture OF the two peoples.
The eastern group is composed OF these;
l. The Mordya. in the very heart of Russia be-
tween the yolga aud the Okla. as we'll as In the
central and eastern governments.
- The Tcheremisses. on the left bank OF the
D. The zyrians. on the Dwina and the Pet
"A; The Tchuyashes, along the banks of the
/. The vogoOls, in tho northern part of the
9 The ugrlan family, having still reprossn-
Z. The Ostiaks. nomads. In western Siberia.
The western group Is composed OF the follow
Of st. Petersburg and in the Grand Duchy of
Finland, where they form the main part OF the
the common name for those who live in the vi
entity OF the capital is Tchookhnee.
governments OF Esthiand and TIvIani. ~
>. The karelians in the northeast of Finland.
I. The Tavastee In tho northwest OF Finland.
.. The Neses in the west, in the region OF the
great tlnnic lakes, AS well as In Great Russia.
Archangel and in LNpland.
Z. The L.iys In Kurland.
=. The Teleots, and
Tho mixed Finno-Tartar tribes are oil situated
In ths eastern parts q the country. These are;
l. Tho NOtlakG on the Niatka.
Z IsrmIaks IN the basin OF the Kama
4. The Samoyclee, VINO, as the MescheriAks,
D. The Teptlars, Mohametans, settled in the
eastern governments OF Russia.
THP Firms or FINLAND.
TIL Firms OF Finland represent the noblest
type OF the Ftnntc race, ana nave been time ont
OF mind settled on the lands they occupy now,
and never changed from their original occupG'
tiOn OF agTiCulturists aud cattle breeders. such
- they were found " DO In the ninth CEN
turF, Never have Films gained distinction as
warriors; in all cases they have been conquered
By their foes; their talents and virtues lie In
quite another direction.
1t was In ll5B-5T that the Swedish King Eric
tho saint converted the Firms To Christianity
by the power Of the fire and the sword. AT lrSt
they were made Roman Catholics, and later, TO-
gether with their oonQuerors, passed over 70
the Lutheran faith. In order TO maintain Chris
tAnity . great many Swedes were settled In
Finland. organising themselves into the higher
elAlsesi Ind ever since they represent he
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-24

have printing houses Of their own, and issue u
number of books in the Tartar tongue. As to
the Koran. although they are very orthodox.
any understanding OF the Arabic language in
which 1t is written. Still they are not strict in
keeping away from liquor, rs eljoined by the
Moslem religion: can Guido a Russian in u
drinking bout, and hardly ever touch horse
staple article OF Tartar diet by dire poverty.
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1896-03-01

hemisphere. One of the conclusions that
he reaches is that "the Central American
citizen is no more fit for republican form
of government than he is for an Arctic ex-
petition and what he needs is to have a
protectorate established over him either
by the United States or another power, it
does not matter which SO long as it leaves
the Nicaragua canal in our hands,
"Away from the coasts, where there is
fever" Mr.. Harding says, Central
America is a wonderful country, rich and
beautiful, and burdened with plenty, but
its people make it a nuisance and an
affront to other nations, and its parcel of
independent little States with the pomp of
power and none of its dignity are and will
continue to be constant danger to the
peace which should exist between two
great powers"
The illustrations are verltable piano.
rama of views of Central America from
Belize in British Honduras to Panama,
through Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa
Rica, and of La Guayra and Caracas, in
the uch-discussed republic of Venezuela.
Few of the new books are better or more
profusely illustrated. Harper & Bros.
For sale by A. M. Robertson, 126 Post
street; price 81 SOL
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1896-03-01
THE x JEWEL.

Romances of love and adventure, inter
mixed with historic incidents and written
in a style sufficiently quaint to suggest
bvgone centuries without interfering with
easy reading, have become common, and
yet so great seems to be the popular de-
mand for them that the supply is continu-
ally increasing. Under these circum-
stances it is pleasant to be able to add
that among the contributors to the supply
are a NUM- Der of new writers who show
considerable talent and manifest genuine
ambition to do something OF more note
than to make a novel for season only.
If among these new aspirants for fame
there arc none who come near enough to
the work of Stevenson to be counted as
rivals, or even as successors to that great
master of English romance in our own
day. there are nevertheless quite number
whose stories have thrills" in them and
are we'll worth the reading. Among these
may now be included the Hon. Frederick
Moncrieff, whose romance, 1.-THE x Jewel
in spite of few grave defects and some
weaknesses of invention and narrative. has
no inconsiderable strength and interest.
There are passages in it, moreover, of such
excellence as to give promise OF much
greater things to come from the same au-
thor.
The story narrates the adventures of a
young soldier of fortune in Scotland dur
ing the troubled times of the youth OF
James VI. The plot involves the loss of
an extraordinary jewel presented to the
young King by Philip of Spain: Although
the existence of the jewel had been kept
carefully concealed by James, report of
it circulates through the kingdom, and it
is believed the jewel was given to the
King to bind him to the church of Rome
and to Spain. When the jewel is missed,
therefore, the King is in great distress lest
it should fall into the hands of an enemy
who would use it to raise the fanatical
Protestant spirit of the time against him.
The quest OF such jewel in those stormy
days affords good theme on which to
string multitude of adventures, and in
the early part of the story the author man.
ages these with no little skill reconstruction
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1896-03-01
THE PARSONS PROXY.

"Tbe Parsons Proxy" is a tale of life in
rough backwoods settlement of the South.
where a gang OF counterfeiters take MUIR
derous means to drive from the locality
certain people of character and influence
whose endeavor to improve the region is a
warning to the lawless element of their ap-
preaching rout. A new and jealous
preacher arrives in the neighborhood, and
finds many an obstacle in the path of his
missionary labors. The. leader of the
counterfeiters engineers quarrel, in which
he incites drunken blacksmith to strike
the person down. The parson is nearly
slain as the result of the bastard plot. The
blacksmith, in his sober senses, appreci-
ates the gravity of his deed, learns that hehas
been used for tool, then visits the stricken
man and offers whatever service he can Go
to make amends: As the parson cannot
attend meeting" the blacksmith declares
that he will act as the parsons proxy and
try and reform his fellow-men. The black
smith becomes a new man entirely, and
his sincerity is unquestioned. The leader
OF the counterfeiters, 1t is learned, has de-
signs on several lives, that OF the parson
among the rest. The proxy" induces the
pastor to visit in. the North. for awhile in
order TO recuperate. At length the pastor
returns, hires saddle-horse at the station
and starts homeward. He is met by his
proxy" who walks, although in thought
full way, at the pastors side. Finally he
asks the privilege of riding for little dis
lance, while the pastor enjoys a healthful
spell afoot. They change places; the horse
and the ''proXy" pastor ride on ahead.
Passing a clump of bushes a bullet that
was intended for the pastor reached the
proxy's heart. The blacksmith had sacri-
iced his life for the man he had once, in
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1896-03-01
A SINGULAR LIFE.

This story, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps,
deals with the experience of young
clergyman who regarded as unsound by
the ecclesiastical council called to install.
him in a church, takes up with humble
life of service in the seaport town to which
he had been called, but in the abandoned
quarter of the town. Here he sets up the
Church of the Love of Christ, for his own
life is an attempt at actually realizing the
spirit of Christ, and struggles single
handed with the vice, especially the in
temperance, in the midst of which he
lives. There is no repulsive scene paint
ing, but the characters of liquor-dealers,
fishermen and plain people are sharply
drawn. The golden thread of romance
which runs through the story is the love
which springs up between the hero and
the daughter OF the old professor of divin-
ity, picturesque and brilliant girl. The
heroic struggles of this single hearted
man in the spirit of absolute devotion and
self-forgetfulness, the stormy experiences
through which he passed and the crown
ing success which the heavens granted
ALI this, told as only Miss Phelps could
tell it, makes "a Singular Life story
of thrilling interest and OF profound sug-
eestion. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin &
Co. For sale at the bookstores. Price,
ST o. I
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1896-03-01
CIVILIZATION AND DECAY.

Brooks Adams has challenged the
opinion OF the world in his new and strik-
ingly original volume, entitled, 1.-The Law
of Civilization and Decay" The Critic
terms Mr.. Adams originality not that of
genius but of baneful idiosyncrasy, and
declares that 'he looks through spectacles
picture to his BRAIN" According to the
same authority the book has a dangerous
fascination for the untaught mind. which
might cast aside the writings of scholors,
who have developed their theories from
actual facts, and whose work is conse-
Quently not so symmetrically clear-cut
but more in conformity with the COM
plexity OF social evolution. Following is
a condensation of the theory which Mr.
Adams Celebrates:
animal life is one of the outlets through
which solar energy is dssipated.
Thought is one of the manifestations OF human
energy, and among the earlier and simpler
phases OF thought, two stand conspicuous
fear and greed" In the earlier stages OF
society fear is the prevailing motive. '.in the
primitive and scattered communities the i'm
agination IS vivid and the mental types pro-
duced are the religious, military, artistic" In
this stage man expresses himself through
architecture. But, "as consolidation al
vances tear yields 10 greed, ana the economic
organism tends TO supersede the emotional
and martial" The economic instinct ex-
presses itself in coinage, not in architecture.
whenever a race is so richly endowed with
the energetic material that it does not expend
all its energy in the daily struggle for
life the surplus may be stored in the
shape of wealth. When surplus
energy has accumulated in such bulk as
to preponderate over productive energy, it be-
comes the controlling social force.
Thenceforward capital is autocratic. -
In this last stage of consolidation the Geo.
nomic and perhaps the scientific intellect is
propagated while the Imagination fades and
the emotional, the martial and the artistic
types OF manhood decay. AS the social
movement of a race is accelerated more OF its
energetic material is consumed. and ultimately
societies appear to attain velocity at which
they are unable TO make good the waste.
When highly centralized society dis
lntegrates under the pressure OF economic
competition it is because the energy of the
race has been exhausted. Consequently the
survivors of such race lack the power neces-
sary for renewed concentration and must prob
ably remain inert until supplied with fresh en-
ergetic material by tne infusion of barbarian
blood -