davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
A Mine Disaster.

There was gas explosion at the Ber-
wind White shaft, at the eastern limits OF
Dubois, Monday, and IA miners were kill
ed. 1t is q new mine which the company
has 3een opening up and working crews in
shafts to push the headings out in various
directions for big work later on. Eighteen
men went on at 7 O'Clock that morning, IA
going into the north heading and four into
the sonth heading. About 10 O'Clock the
four were sensible Of a shock and a few
minutes later the mine boss came to them
and told them something had happened
and that they should get out as soon as
they could.
When the party, then consisting of five,
reached the foot of the shaft they were
nearly overcome by gas, and were hurried
ly taken up in the cage. Assistance was
Immediately summoned, practical miners
from the Bell, Lewis and Yates company
mines Immediately volunteered their SER
vices, and as the work OF rescue proceeded
it was discovered that the shock in the
north heading was so terrific that some OF
the bodies were mutilated almost beyond
recognition, and that those who had not
yet been found coald not possibly have es-
capped violent death.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26

Girls wanted at The Peoples Store
to learn the millinery trade.
Miss anything bat Findley's Cry,
stal Photos. Crystal types are TAX
ing the lead, made only at Findley' 4
p. o. Building, Branch studio Mars
at Mars every Tuesday.
Having secured our hat trimmer
Miss Grace Drivling, who mas been
engaged for the last 8 years with
some of the largest wholesale and re.
tail millinery houses in Pittsburg,
We are confident we can please you
in style and prices.
The Peoples Store.
Wait for our second Easter open.
ing of the Millinery Department OF
The Peoples Store, April 2, 8 and 4:
Oh Mamma-vou ought to see the
big piles OF childrens suits at HEcK's
only $l.25, you can't get the same in
town for less than $3.50,
Wanted-Natures Compound, the
true health assistant, in every home,
Purifies the blood, gives good ma
ural appetite, tones the entire system
Assistance means help. You
help nature to estore health by u.s.
ing Natures Compound. You also
perform a duty. Ask your Drug
gist
Robes and blankets cheaper than
anywhere else at Msrtincourt & Cos.
Say Papa-did you see HICKS
neckwear, it beats anything you ever
saw.
Trunks, yalises, hags and tele
copes-at HICKS.
Pants-Oyer 2e00 pairs to select
from, at prices, oh well, don't men.
tior them, its awful, where at
HVcK's.
Sox and shirts, oil wool and yard
wide, cheaper than the oheapest-at
HEck's, III N. Main st.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
Executors Notice.

Letters of administration on the estate OF
Robert HARRISON, decd, late of Middlesex
twp, Butler Co., Pa, having been granted
to the undersigned, all persons knowing
themselves indebted to said estate will
please make immediate payment and any
having claims against said estate will pre-
sent them duly authenticated for settle
ment to
ROBERT s. HARRISON, and
AARY.H. HARRISON, Exr's,
Bakerstown, P. o.,
Allegheny Co., Pa.
Ralstou d Greer, Att'ys.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
CHURCH NOTES

-Four persons were immersed in the
Baptist Church BY Rev. Collins last Sum
day evening.
The U. P.tcongregation is yet $4,000 in
debt on their handsome new church, and
at meeting last Sunday a committee
was appointed to solicit funds for the pur-
pose of clearing off this debt.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
Marriage Licenses
Accidents.

A son of A. J. Kelly, of Centreyile had
his leg broken by being thrown from a
pony, last week
While driving through the northern part
of the country few days ago, Harmon
Seaton met two teams, racing. One OF
the racers colided with him, and the horse
was thrown into Harmon's buggy.
Mrs. Jno. c. Wasson, of Cherry twp.
fell, and hurt herself badly, few days
ago.
Jas. DaYis, who works in Dambach't
planning mill, Evans City had his hand
hurt by being caught in the machinery,
last week
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
The following paragra oh is taken from

The following paragra oh is taken from
an exchange of recent date: "a school
teacher says the pupils who have access to
newspapers at home when compared with
| those who have not, are better readers,
better spoilers, better in punctuation, and
better gram marians, and read more under
standinglV and obtain practical know
ledge OF geography in almost half the time
it requires others"
A chlonicler of what is supposed to be
the latest wrinkle in fashion says that the
first spring folly for women will be the
carrying of canes. They Will be tipped
with silver or platinum, ornamented with
immense bows of stiff ribbons, and held in
the middle when carried. When s1ch appari-
tions 20 scurring by, We fear the small boy
will exclaim: "Shoot folly ss it flies. +"
We trust the announcement is a SANDER.
Can ii be, however that those canes are
designed for use, as wcll as ornament, in
case the proper caper in a spring or Easter
bonnet is not on timer
Having purchased large line of
m uslin, calico, shirting print. indigo
blue and Simpsons print, below last
years prices, we will be able to offer
you the best goods at lowest prices.
at the Peoples Store.
-BoardingHouse Cards, with Act
Of Assembly, rs cents for half-a-dozen,
or sale at CITIZEN Office.
UDderwear-a specially at HECK 's
his stock is largest and finest ever
offered in Bu.le'
Do you want hat or cap? HECK
has them and can save you money
If you want to save money walk
around to Martincourt & Co.'S. and
buy your robes and blankets.
MUSIC-Scholars wanted at l28 w
Wayne st. Also nicely furnished
room 70 rent.
Save days wages Dy buying
robes and blankets at Martincourt &
Co.'S.
We invite you to examine our
spring stock of dry goods and milli-
merry at The Peoples Store, 323 S.
Main st.
More robes and blankets than you
ever saw in one store in your life, at
Martincourt IL Co.'S.
Nox PopuIl-Buy your clothing,
underwear, hosiery, hats, caps, sox
and neckwear of d. A. HECK, and
save money.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
McCANDLESS' HEAVE CURE

have Heave Cure that will cure any
case of heaves In horses in forty days, |
used according to directions. and if it does
not do wnst claim for it, / will refund
the amount paid and no charges viii be
made for the treatment. The following
testimonials are the strongest proof of the
medicines power TO cure:
A. J. MoCAsDLRss,
Butler, Pa, 1893.
Mr.. A. J. MoCANDLRss:
On the End day of April, 1892, COM
menced to use your new cure for one of
my horses that had the heaves very bad,
and contin ned to use the medicine for
abo at forty days and the horse did not
sho any signs of a return of them. 1t is
uow about year since quit givin tAe
medicine and the horse has never showed
any signs of hesves, and / feel stisfed
that he is properly cured
w. G. CRIswBLL,
Butler, Pa, April 3, 1898
IL. AoCAsDLRss:
/ hsve used your Heave Cure and found
it will do the work IL used according to d.
reetions. Yours truly,
J. u. MCMILLAN.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
For Sale
Hotel Butler
I. II. FAUBEL, Prop'r.

This house has been thorough,
ly renovated, remodeled, and re-
fitted with new furniture and
Carpets; has electric bells and al
other modern conveniences for
guests, and is as convenient, and
desirable home for strangers as
can be found in Butler, Pa.
Elegant sample room for use of
commercial men.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
PARK THEATRE.

THE SWEET SINGER, JAS. A. REILLY, AT
PARK THEATRE, FRIDAY, MARCH %.
"a German Soldier" is the title of plsy
that has met with popular favor through
out this country tor several years, with
James A. Reilly, talented dialect actor,
comedian and vocalist as Max Shimel a
jouy young german.
Act one occurs on the exterior OF DR..
Syweifels home; The second on the inside
aud outside or sedan; the glind in the old
mill on the Conuty's estate aud the fourth
again ct the home of DR.. Sywiefefs. There
are several sensational scenic and mechan-
ical effects that arouse the enthusiasm of
the audience. Mr. Reilly will sing six of
his most popular and pleasing songs dur
ing the progress of the play. Remember
there are no waits, no overatures, but 8
continuous performance of Drama and
Vandeville.
O'HooLIGASs MAsQUERAPR, AT PARK THR-
ATRB, MONDAY, MARCH, 80.
P. A Paulscraft general agent for the
O'Hooligans Masquerade is in the city
making great arrangements for its produc-
ton for next Monday evening, March 80.
The company consists of the best mater
isl which makes Farce Comedy successful
ana contains such royal talent as Gsllagh-
er, West and Watson whose reputation as
comedians stand alone, they are ably as
sisted by score of artists, the farce is
purely comedy OF the highest order, and
during the action many new and novel
features are introduced, 70 see the Mas
quersdes ss they are the hottest potatoes
that ever come out Of a theatrical oven
AL" FIELDS MISsTRRLs, AT PARK THR-
ATRB, FRIDAY, APRIL 3.
cal" G. Fields minstrels gave two per-
formances at the Wieting yesterday, play
ing last night to the capacity of the house.
The show is constructed on Q novel plan
and contains many features that are ex-
ceedingly interesting and some that are
very funny. or the comedians CAL" and
Neil O'Brien are the cleYerest. O'Brien's
rendering of the Cline Kiln Club" was
very amusing and was deservedly eneored.
The singing was good ond the dancing by
William Rowe was very artistic. Bogert
and O'Brien IN their musical act presented
many novelties and brought down the
house. The Patterson brothers, horizontal
bar experts, were very clever, and othe r
features of the olio were very taking The
show in its entirety was very excellent
one and deserved the large patronage it
received.-Syracuse Courier.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
/. .. o. F.

| am instructed to extend a cordial in
vitation to members of Connoquenessing
Lodge, Zegler Lodge, and all members Of
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows who
may desire to hear our Brother, s. F.
Bowser address those members present on
the Subject of "0dd Fellowship" to be
present at the Hall of Connoquenessing
Lodge on Jefferson Street, Butler, Penn's
on next Monday night March Both, 1896 }
Come out and hear something instructive.
JOHN B. GREER, Asst. Sec,
Conn0quenessllg lodge No. 279
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS S
Administrators Notice.

Letters OF administration on the estate
OF John +. 7. Stehle, decd, late OF Butler,
butie. Co., Pa, having been granted to
tne Undersigned, therefore all persons
knowing themselves indebted to said
estate will please make speedy payment
ana those having claims against the same
can p.esent them duly authenticated for
settlement to
LENA id. STBHLR, Adm'x,
hfShA AoDier' Atty Butler, Pa
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
Executors Notice.

Letters testamentary on tnu estate OF
Jacob Shoup, decd, late of Eyans City,
Butler Co. Pa, having been granted to
the undersigned, sll persons knowing
themselves indebted to said estate will
pleas make immediate payment, and any
having claims against said estate will pre-
sent them properly authenticated to.
/. ". GRAHAM, Ex'r.
Evans City, Pa.
Mates ID Young Attfys.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
Executors Notice,

Letters testamentary on the estate oi
Frank q. McGrev, decd, late of Prospect
borough, Butler Co. Pa, having been
granted to the undersigned, all persons
knowing themselves indebted to said es-
state will please make immediate payment
and any person having claims against said
estate will present them duly suthenticat-
ed for settlement to
Mamie J. McGrew, Ex'r.
Prospect Pa
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26

Having made great Improvements
in our Millinery Department we can
show you goods to much better ad.
vantage than last spring, having
obtained the newest novelties In each
and every department at The Peo-
ple's Store.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
Administrators Notice.

Letters of administration on the estate
of Mrs. Annie Mary Kelly. late of Middle
sex twp, Butler Co., Pa, decd, having
been granted to the undersigned, therefore
oil persons knowing themselves indebted
TO said estate will please make speedy pay
ment and those having claims against the
same can present them duly authenticated
for settlement to
J. N. FULTON, Admir-.
ID AjIUSKtE. Flick, p. o.
Atty. Butler Co., Pa.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26

NOTICE-Hereafter the price OF the
CITIZEN will be $1.00 III paid in advance,
md sl.25 if not so paid. CITIZEN anu
Weekly Tribune sl.50 in advance.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26

Having received our spring goods,
we can show you splendid line oi
wash goods of all kinds. dress ging.
hams. plaids, etc. at The Peoples
Store.
Job work done here. Subscribe
or the CITIZEN.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26

Takes.errect Monday. Nov.:25 1897.
Trains are run by Standard Central Time (9Oth
Meridian.) One hour slower thar City Time;
GOING NORTH. GONG SoUTH
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
Horses Wanted.

The undersigned will be at Baker S
Barn, Centreville, to buy horses on
Friday, March 27, 1896, and at Sun
berry, on Saturday, March %.
Chunks and drivers wanted from 5
to 8 years old, from 1000 to l,400
pounds in weight. Bring them III.
SEANoR & MACE.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26

the following livery stock, to-wit, as head OF
horses. one seal brown team. This pair is
thoroughly sound and good road team and
drive like one horse. In fact pleasant team
tnat can be used anywhere; age and Z years
One dun team. white names aud tails This
| IL a very attractive team and will show for
themselves on day OF sale; family broke. One
bay team, closely matched, is q eat road
| team; one black team. good drivers and an
extra pair. Quaker Diok, years old, will
make very fast paoeF. quiet for lady TO
drive. Bay Doc. pacing horse. years old
can show plenty OF speed; an elegant road
horse. Roam Gelding, years old. sired by
Ashby. 225 This Is a good aIl-around horse
and family broke. Black Billy. great road
horse; can show "A three minute pait
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26

ochedUie In enoct May IL. 1895. (Butler time
The Short Line to PittsburR.
DEPART SOUTH. PROM SOUTH
6.25 m Allegheny Ex S.25 m, Allegheny A
sl5 m All'y Akron 1000 N, al a. n Castl
10o5 10 Allegheny Ac i.22o D m, AlleghenyE
2.oa M Allegheny Ex sos p IN, Allegheny K,
$50 N Chioago Ex. 80 D m. Ally x AkroI
sos m Ally Ell. Ex 500 p m. Allegheny Z,
DEPART NORTH. FROM NORTH.
1905 m Kane & Brad. Is O5 a m. Foxb burg Ar
5.Io IN clarion Ac $50 u N, Clarion Ac
7.a6 m Foxburg $40 . N, Kane Mai
SUNDAY TRAINS.
pG-LRT SOUTH. PROM. sourr
S;i5 :; m. DeFsrest Ac 1000 m. Allegheny AZ
959 m. Chicago Ex s.O5 m AIlegheny ",
COS m. Allegheny A. 7.3O p m. DeForest A,
Train arriving at at sos d m leaves n A. @ de
pot, Plttsburg. at 8 rs O'Clock.
Butier aud Greenvllle Coach will leave Ale
gnony at s20 P. m. daily except Sunday. Con
sos. '1
Pullman Buffet Sleeping Cars and nrst-clas
ry 1ay coaches run through between Butler anC
For through tickets to points In the w-s,
NorthWost or Southwest apply to
.B. CROUCH. Agent
Trains leave the B. & 0. depot II Ptttbu.g
for the East as followsJ
SFor washington D. O., Baltimore, PhIladel
pnia anu new York. 80 and $50 D. m
0gm6erland. $40. 80. am. / 10, 9.2o p m. Con
GAY, $780, a. In. Ito. 4.3O. 445. 8. 30 g. y
= IN. onlontown, 7.e0 a. m. 10. 4. 30. $50 D. m
onioncown. y Morga ntowA and Fairmont, T.30. a
VI. ana 5.3Op. m. Mt. Pleasant $40. I. 80 q. IN
''Io ana A.5o m. Washington, Pa, TAO anC
80 O. m. 4.0o,4s5 and 800. IL IS p. m Wheel
Ds i4o. and $50 O. m. and 400. 800 II.55 D
=; CINCINNATI, st. Louis. Columbus and New
ARK. I.D a. m, 9.l0. ll.55 p, m.
For Chicago. 2.4o and $50 p. m
Parlor and sleeping cars to Baltimore, wash
ngton. Cincinnati and Chicago
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
TIE CITIZEN
New Advertisements.

Douthett q Grahsm's clothing.
Ruffs shoemaker supplies.
Zimmerman's Easter opening
Marks novelties.
Pspe's millinery.
Miller's 81 90 sale.
Gregg's public sale.
Max Klein.
yerg-All advertisers inten ding to maFe
canges in their ads. should notify us oi
th Dir intention to do so, not later than
Mouday morning.
Administrators and Executors OF estetes
cad secure their receipt books at the CfT-
xRs Office
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26

at Week Days.

For detailed information, address Thos
=: watt, Pass. Agt. Western District, III
FiIth Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa.
S. N. FREVOST, J.R. WOOD
He1erai Manager. Genl Psssr, Agent
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
LEGAL WS.
NOTES.

/
An order has been made fixing special
term Of court Tor the trial OF civil causes
beginning Monday, April y, 1896.
Thomas Peters was released from jail oa
| Saturday, by an allocatur from the Su-
| penor Court, and his bail reduced from 81,
| 500 10 $500 The bail of DR.. Johnsto 4
was reduced from 5000 TO $500.
Harriet a Thompson has brought suit in
ejectment vs. Thos Chantler for six acres in
| Muddycreek twp.
Tie application of the Water Company
| to be allowed to again collect water reuts
is being heard this afternoon.
Prothonotary George Pearsons of the
Supreme court al Pittsburg, on Tuesday,
received the opinion of Chief Justice
Sterrett in the case of Isaac E. Blskely
and Louisa Blakely, appellants, against
Thomas NJ. Marshal, trustee, action on al
oil lease in Butler comfy, confirming the
lower court. The Chief Justice in his
opinion states that there is no question as
to the validity of the lease or the title of
the lessons to the premises. Andrew
Blakeley conveyed to Isaac Blakeley a
life estate on the land. The leased prem
ises proved productive and the oil in
question represents the lessons royalty
under the lease.
Letters of administration were granted
10 E G Brown on estate of VIM Brown late
OF Middlese1.
Letters OF administration were granted
to Jennie E Bester on estate of Geo T.
Bester, late of Butler.
PROPERTY TRANSFERS
FL Klingler to I L Dennison lot in
Butler for IS, 500.
Samuel Sarver to Levi SarYer Is acres in
COnnoquenessing tor S400.
L Thomas to Jos II Thomas lot IN
Adams for Sl60.
Jennie Wick to L c Wick 80 acres in
Mercer for 50, 100.
Isabel Dickey to Adam HARRISON 60 acres
in Forward for 50, i75.
z Ripper to Annie Cheer lot in Evans
City tor 500.
P Ripper to Jno NJ Miller lot in Evans
City for 800.
Benz Golden to Jennie Wood lot in
Butler for $780,
Mary A Mechling to L NJ Smith SO
acres in Washington for $50.
j Il Dufford TO Z J Stakley 80 acres in
Connoquenessing for $3.50
Jas McMarlin to Annie G Roberts 125
scres in Adams for $40, 900.
l. V Gray to Annie Meinhart 30 acres in
Butler twp for $50.
VA Mahan to John Mahan Is acres
il Middlesex for 1925
A Brymer to W II Lusk lot in Butler
for s., 400.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
2. e. w, r, r,
nEPART GnIrTH
PROM SOUTH

schedule In effect May IL. 1896 (Butler time
The Short Line to Pittsburg
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
Wagons, Harness, Etc.

One side e-Seated wagon. three-seated trap,
surry. four seated platform wagon. three
seated platform wagon. l phRton. road and
tooltwagons. 10 bu2gtes. 10 sets double har-
ness. l5 sets single harness. saddles. brides
etc.. robes, blankets and in fact everythln z
connected with livery stable
We are closing out our livery business with
the intention OF devoting our entire time TO
our bus and hack business. Therefore every
thing we advertise Will positively be sold
Without reserve or by-bldding. No postpon g.
ment ON account OF weather
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
Sale 10 Commence at 10 O'Clock A n

TERMS.-9 months with approved security.
VS.. GREGG & SON.
Major L. IL. Bean. OF Ravenna. Ohio, auc-
tioneer.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
RAILROAD TIME TABLES.
PENNSYLVANIA Rail sa,o
Western Pennsylvania Div ision.
Schedule in Effect May 20, 1895.
South

SUNDAY TRAINS - Leave Butler for Allie
CHE ny Cisy and principal intermediate stations
TAO A. NJ, 2:3o and 90 T.. Vi.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26

J. I. BLAIR, General Manager, Greenville, pa
W. q. SARGEANT. q. p. A.. Meadville, Pa
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1896-03-26
PUBLIC SALE
LIVERY STOCK.
SATURDAY, APRIL 4th, 1895

There will be exposed TO public sale at the
stable OF the undersigned, I'm rear OF Arlington
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-07-22

Probably the first free silver club in this
locality was formed at Yatesville last even
ing. A Bryan meeting was called, which
brought the voting fraternity out in full
blast to the reading room where the meeting
was held. 1t was Il very enthusiastic one aud
was addressed by John Lauuon, of Yates
Vile, who spoke very freely on the silver
question and discussed some interesting
points of the Democratic platform. The
club viii be known as the Yatesyille Free
Silver Club and starts out with an enroll
ment of 81 members. The following officers
were also elected John Shay, President,
Martin Burke, Secretary; Patrick Fqhy,
Treasurer. The organizing of the club has
created considerable enthusiasm throughout
the village and the next meeting win hr held
on Tuesday evening.
The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966, 1896-07-22

"CyclOne'' Davis, of Texas, which will
stand out against all compromises prior 10
the convention and to the election; the
faction favorable to the Endorsement or
nomination of Bryan and Sewall, and the
compromise men, headed by Senator But
Ter, of North Carolina, who favor the in
dorsement Of Bryan, but who contend for
the right to name "a southern POpulist in
place of Mr.. Sewall for the position of vice
president.
The Bryan people are still holding out
very stitlly as INST any and all compro-
misses, and some of them go so far as TO say
that If they are not successful in their con
tention they will leave the convention.
Senator Butler is strong in the position
that Mr.. Bryan should be Endorsed upon
a Populist platform, but says the southern
people would never accept MI. Sewnll, NOT
only because his affiliations are not with
them, but because, if they surrendered
both offices, it would mean the destruc-
ton of the Peoples party He claims to
have almost the solid south behind him
md "a strong following in the northern
states. Mr.. Davis comhats this position,
claiming a majority in the convention Of
over 800 in favor of nc compromise with
the Democrats.
Mr.. Davis contends that in taking this
position he is not only conserving the in
terests of his party, but that he is point
ing to the sure road for the success of the
free coinage Of silver and for other Popu-