davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1896-07-31

Protection and Wages
Il do not question the fact that protec-
ton has had beneficial effect upon wages:
but, sir, organized labor Is also largely to
be credited with the maintenance of wages
Diminishing the number of hours of labor
lessening the number of apprentices. Or
ganizfng against proposed reductions. thew
have fought their way by one method and
another and have succeeded to a large de-
gree In warding off the natural effects Of
al approaching money. Let me add that If
you will consider the number of men who
minished labor of those who have had en-
ployment the statistics of the rise in wages
will appear far less impc sing than they do
now. Applause) The laboring mans in
terests are precisely the same as the man
ufacturer's, the bridesmaids and the farm
er's In this respect. And the policy that is
sure to wreck all employers in productive
industry, If continued. cannot fail to ruin
also the men who work for them Profits
cannot disappear and leave wages un-
touched. When men that hire labor become
bankrupt, the man who works is yery ant
to be out Of job. The voluminous evi-
dence gathered by the English parliament
airy commission on he depression of trade
and Industry shows Conclusively that wages
in England have been long falling and
continue to fall. In the United States va
rious conditions have prevented the full
operation of the same cause as vet. but
many of its effects gre already visible and
the ultimate result Is clearly foreseen by
intelligent laboring men all over the coun-
try. Their attitude is not uncertain. They
are and will be for a money system that is
favorable to industry and that deals Justly
between man and man..
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

IN the last degree eloquent. touch. a dot.
scratch. and the thing is done. What could be
more expressive than the work in his title
page: 1t is not lovely, it is not graceful.
there Is lacking thai subtety. that quite inde-
scribable felicity which belongs. say. to one OF
Mr.. Whsters etched masterpieces. Such felicity
is not within the reach of pen draughtsman, and
Mr.. May does not even concern himself with it.
But what does it matter? He remains ncom-
parable for certain spontaneous vivid. pungent
stroke which makes his personages living things
In the presence Of that fact it is perhaps idle To
talk OF what special points of purely aesthetic
beauty the drawings may lack
They are the fruit OF a training which was
never carried on under the direction of a master.
but which seems to have been rigorous in all that
means severe application and difficult crcum-
stances. He born in 1864 the son Of an en-
giDeer who seems to have had a hard row to hoe
himself and who left his boy with slender pros
poets in the world. Mr. May has told himself the
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04
GOTHlM AND GOTHANTTES.
rom Notes and Queries

From Notes ana queries
7, 10 n very usual belle. that the witty Andrew
Rorde-" Andreas Perforatus." as he called himself
pwas the author OF THE Merle Tales OF the Md
Rrewer in his new edition Of Phrase and Fable -
states without qualification. that Andrew Boyle
,s,c, a native Of Gotham. wrote The Merle Tales
or Tho Wise Men of Gotam.' founded on commits
sion signed By Henry VIII to the magistrates OF
that town TO prevent poaching." DR.. Brewer also
tells the story OF the Gothamites outwitting King
John X -
me-" "This proverb says he. passes for the Peri.
nbrasis Of a Fool. and an 100 Fopperies feignd
and father'd on a Town-folk OF Gotham. Village
"Cassei's Gazetteer" now in course Of publica-
tion. states that
and is noted In legend for Its wise men spot or
one of the hills overlooking the village is still
known as Cuckoo Bush. the local tradition being
that hero the villagers were found by King JONI
nlanting a hedge to keep in the cuckoo"
The village IL OF some size, and has a populatior
Of ll34
Rordo (.D ~ B." vol W. asserts that Borde was
born near Cuckahed. In Sussex a: D. 1880 am
that THE Merle Tales OF the Mad Men OF Gotam
have been assigned to him without any evidence II
view Of these conflicting statements. perhaps th'
authorship and origin Of the Gotham stories Nigh
he discussed with advantage In Notes and Quer
les" I can hardly suppose that the subject ha'
never been treated In the pages OF Notes ans
Queries" but am unable to refer TO the earlier vol
lines Mt present and. In any case Dr. Brewer
statement is Of yesterday. as II were. while Dr
FurniyaIl's was published only ten years ago.
T, Jenkins's queer little 'Vest-Pocket Lexicon
| oS7) dnd "Gothamist. Ounce. blundsrsx"
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

snipe may be, there is also some gayety In
'hat life Take for example. such a phase of
'he Sums as the drawing entitled. Little
Mothers exploits. The pathos in the thing
Is uhmstakab'e. When all that it implies is
remembered. the existence led by those little
mothers" is a bitter subject Of reflection. Yet
how absurd ii is to see the bleakness alone in
this lamentable question. How absurd it is to
grow hysterical over the sufferings of the little
mothers. There is more wisdom in meeting
tnem on their ground. as Mr.. May meets
them. and in seeking to better their lives
through understanding of their characters. For
II is through understanding through sympathy
that philanthropy must work; and it is about
certain as such thing ever be that the
man woman who went among the little
mothers with Mr.. Mays sketch constantly in
mind would get closer to the miserable" chill
dren in half an hour than he or she would in a
day on the old plan of considering all
gutter-snipes as-gutter-snipes. The beauty
Of Mr. Mays figures lies in their being
so human. so like ourselves. There is moth
ing foreign, nothing abnormal about his
youngsters. The laos of his "'Orrbe an
Revoltin' Details " exactly such lads as
swoop down upon the evening wayfarer in New
York and there are probably few people in this
city who have not witnessed precisely the same
sort OF spectacle. and heard the sort Of
howl as Mr.. May represents in his sketch called
Lost"
AS for the English flavor of that drawing. and
OF all the Others in the set of if.y-four which
makes up the book, il is irresistibly true. The
features Of the boys. the carriage of the latter.
the peculiar smile with which Mr.. Chevalier has
made us acquainted. and which its native
heath is one of the marvels of arrested civiliz4-
ton-all this Mr.. May captures with ease
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

Of his contemporaries find. or think they md
IN the slums Of London: The average artist,
portraying a group of gutter children with a
view to making them funny. literally does make
them funny: ne projec-s into the picture his
own special sense Of what is gIoiesque; he
works from without inward Now. Mr.. May
Is funny in his drawings because he finds funny
subjects and let's them speak for themselves.
He may be as deliberate a caricaturist in in
tention as any Of his colleagues. but his work
does not show II. On the contrary his draw
ings seem just the reflection % the life he has
observed in the gutter One looks at them with
out suspecting the artist Of having worked
them up" They are Photographic This does
not mean that they are unoriginal. irartistic,
as is the case with most photographic
draughtsmanshp; but this purely technical side
Of Mr. Mays work may be discussed below.
Tie first thing to notice in his new collection Of
drawings 10 his wonderful fidelity TO nature. 1t
is because Of that fidelity that it is impossible
10 think of the work mere fun making. II
has the serious value that attaches 10 any ac-
curate report on thing which is often mis-
represented. No one could pretend that White
chapel is q place all smiles and roses, and 1t
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04
WHAT TO DO WITH THE FRUIT.
A PROBLEM FOR CALIFORNIA GROWERS
WHICH BECOMES MORE AND
MORE SERIOUS.

The marketing of the immense and rapidly in
croasing fruit crops Of California Is a matter of
vital importance to the growers or that stat IN"
manager of one Of the largest frut-producing COM
NAMES Of the Pacific Slope. when asked about this
subject by q Tribune reporter the other day, said:
california is capable OF supplying the markets
OF the world with most kinds Of fruit. Her yield
is simply enormous. and is increasing so fast that
there is considerable apprehension as to how crops
can be advantageously disposed Of in the future.
The variety OF California fruit is also wonderfully
great IA 1t includes oranges, lemons. pears
p.aches aprcots and grapes. In 1855 the entire
output OF California fresh or green fruits was less
than 500 90 pounds The output this year VIII
proba bly, be about 2o00H.ooo pounds. Besides the
fresh fruit output. there is the dried and canned
product. which will be not less than @'"''"" ana
may reach 100000 pounds.
1T is commonly supposed that the canning ana
driving OF fruits is the best Of dsposng OF the
immense crops but while 1t is an effective factor
II IS not everything California canned fru1fs are
delicious but the mass OF the people cannot anord
10 consume them extensively. AS the product IN
creases. however the cost may be reduced so as
10 bring the articles within the reach OF most con-
suners .,. r. a,s,-,h,,ed .brouphout this
country in refrigerator cars euch OF which carries
from 20o0 10 25OoO pounds. The fruits thai come
road When the season is at It's height, the weekly
receipts IN this city amount 10 from " 70 Iuo car.
loads. Special trains are sometimes run TO carry
fruit designed for export These trains are SO
timed that they will arrive here just beloie the
sailing OF transatlantic steamships. The American
ard White Star steamship lines have Incurred great
expense In providing refrigerating compartments
10 the present time the business has been un-
profitable TO the shippers Determined men with
bort business however. and they appear to feel
CONFIDENT that ultimately II will be made profitable.
desn,te the prolific transatlantic fruit crops with
which they have to compete. -.
There are $4,000 70 500 90 acres OF land un-
der fruit cultivation IN California About two
thirds OF the trees Ia bearing Other trees are
nta1 nd Of "a m
her OF bearing trees is steadily increasing, The
product Is increasing faster than the population
~ tha country but the consumption of fruit is be-
coming more general; and when IT is cheap and
times are good the demand VIII probably more
cIoseIy approximate the supply.
"The growers must rely upon wider distribution
NJ the,r crops in home markets In order TO make
such distribution single carloads Of fruit must he
sent to small cities and large towns; where the use
~ fruit from elsewhere has been limited. In this
v,.y Consumption can be greatly stimulated"
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

that exclteg unbounded admiration. There -
practically no text In his book. With the eh-
ception OF the line two Of legend ainxeo 10
each drawing and brief dedication 10 MT
Tuer there is nothing but consummate draueh'S
manship within the covers OF this book 10 MAKE
II what il is a solid contribution TO the na'urdi
history 60 TO speak Of London guttcra Nom
ing that is which can be pointed OUT AS 10
much material work. The spirit in Which Mt.
MAY does his work. the enthusiasm the kho"l-
edge are the real and secret sources oi MS
power The dedication 10 when ailusloh mas
inst been made shows how he feels. IL runs AZ
follows: MY dear Tuer: Here Is the last OF 'h@
gutter-snipe drawings. and sorry am 10 ieaFe
themi Children OF the gutter roam about Tree
and hungry but what would one give Tor such
appetiteso You and l smoke big cigars. "hlIe
thev-an too soon. poor little chaps--smoke VIVA,
Won and and others throw away. sometimes
I wonder whether they don't lead happier
lives
II is an optimistic note. but. as has been SAID
not TOO optimistic to be really helpful The mort
scientific and serious benefacto- Of the poor VIII
he benefited by a glance through Mr. Ma!
vivacious nages As for the amateur. as for the
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

and re-edit till I get it quite simple NO.
never let the fist thread escape me. Most first
thoughts are best do not believe bit in
secondhand ones. Keep to the point Is my
motto Here arc the first rough ideas for some
Of my recent drawings. The two explain how
/ keep to my first idea for a picture. Focusing
the picture is often question of time. The
idea is bred-p"rtect. il you will. Then call
in the aid Of the model and arrange my living
tableaus. following my rough sketch closely,
! might say exactly. for my ground plan Of the
picture-in regard 10 dress. pose and compost
tion. Once having got his subject, the tech
nica needs OF a black -and-white artist are
few-pen and pencil and cardboard.
The main roadways between Kensngton and
the Strand are my most frequented tracks. but I
also have my particular corners. Hammer
smith Way for rags and tatters is peculiarly
happy hunting ground Here, one day. dis
covered a little ragamuffin-Polly. Polly came
to me- And asked Polly IL she had any
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

on crusts he squeezed himself into the Jour
nalistic ranks and did some work for st
Stephens Review" which brought him TO the
notice OF an Australian paper. The Sydney Bul-
letin" In Australia Mr.. May gained strength OF
body and improved his gifts. lie came back to
London a remarkable draughtsman. and ever
since he has been one Of the artistic celebrities
Of the English capital. getting up pantomimes.
Joining the staff of Punch" publishing now and
then a bookfu Of drawings. and living. as his
newest publication shows. with every nerve alive
10 what is going on in London. He Is popular
man personally. and though he has had much
more than the usual share Of suffering. 1t has
not made him old before his time. There Is an
extraordinary fund of sunshine in his nature.
The character Of his Gutter -Snpes' makes this
plain The vagrants OF London have never been
so humorousy and yet so truthfully depicted as
IN his drawings How those drawings
evolved he has explained with characteristic vi
,oci,v in a recent interview. Asked whether he
nreferred TO stand or sit at work. he replied:
IT like to work at an upright desk. 1t Is just
big enough to hold a drawing board. and as II
stands out away from any other furniture you
seem to have the freedom of prize fighter
really elbow room. Sometimes. however. II ]
| am on dead think. / prefer sitting down at
| that old secretaire. The effect is the opposite
your thoughts, like a flock of sheep may be all
| aver the place-here. there and everywhere. Sit
| down at that bit Of mahogany and you corner
| ,bem-drivc them into your fold.
| ..rbe roadways are full of subjects. / don't
..orrv for an idea believe in the spur OF the
ron,ent The happiest thoughts are always tho
svftest impressions When catch an idea II
am IN a working temper. put It down-if not.
| store II up my sleeve. or rather turn 1t into a
mental picture have store OF such I'M
| nressions. but OF course they are my secrets
| The art OF never forgetting is a help. make an
| endeavor to practise it, and when the opportuni-
| 80 arises pull the strings and develop my men
| tai picture.
.Tbe modus operandi is always about the
| ,oms The picture is mental at frst. see all its
,o,r,s in my mental eye. Generally. to begin
With. II is too complex; then. like the little poy
,,,sr his arithmetic. find its least common
r,u,t,p,e. In fact, edit my impression re-edif
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04
NOVEL EXPERIMENTS ~ FLYING.
SMALL MACHINES LAUNCHED FROM CUTOFF
TOBOGGAN SLIDE

Hammond Gnd) letter 10 The indianapolis News
For several months there has been camp To-
Gated among the sand dures. which are so plent-
ful along the southern shore OF the lake inhabited
by "A small party OF scientists. VINO are Dent on
revolutionizing the laws OF nature with their IN
vcntions The party consists OF Octave Chanute.
IL r Herring +. q. Paul and Dr Howard 1.
Ricketts the latter a physician from the Chicago
Medical College. who holds the position OF surgeon
These men are not wild-eyed cranks. such as
are usually associated In the minds Of most people
with Hying machines. but all OF them are men
Of science and education. MI Chahute Is clVh
engineer OF almost National reputation. For sev-
eral wears he chief engineer OF the Erie Kali
road and was the engineer who constructed the
biS bridge AZ Kansas city. He is now working
on his invention under a commission from the
French Government Mr. Paul though but a
youne man Is also expert engineer
These men have for several months been ex-
perimenting with their flying machines. each one
working under different theories. II was not until
within the last few weeks that their efforts met
with any degree Of success. There are three ma,
chimes with which they are experimenting and
study There has been much secrecy attached TO
their experiments, and TO give an accurate de-
scription Of the machines would be an impossl-
h,Iity except TO the inventors themselveS.
yided for The inventors say that the frst thlnE
10 do is TO get a machine that will ny. and II VIII
be an easy thing 10 add the necessary motive
power. .. -. A.a ..,.r.i ,raIs
with more or less success In making the tests q
ior chute Is used which Is nearly 100 feet from ne
ground at one end and about % at the other ne
r,os, successful OF these trials was given Satur
day when OF the machines the one shapes
Ie boat travelled through the air distance Of
axe feet breaking all former records This ma
ch,ne when In the air. very much resem pies tns
airshin huilt hv the German Inventor. derE Li'en
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

sisters at home ragged as herself Plenty.
mister. said sic. Mothers got seven on us.
So told Polly 10 bring the family round. My
goodness gracious they poem. Polly 9
sister was even more suitable model than
Polly herself There were ructions in the studio
that day. | had made my study Of Polly. and
told her sister 10 come the next day. But Polly
took my dismissal 10 heart and roared like a
bull You he my artist. whimpercd she: I
found you-you know ! did Poor little Polly,
/ really felt sympathy for her
The workhouse. too. yields model fruit. One
of my sitters is remarkable old fellow. He
winds out Shakespear" 10y the yard. And he
doesn'i make a mess Of IT. He is a Macready
in his wav
1T is not altogether easy 10 say what is the
sgnboard Of A model The eye Is always a
leading feature. Catch your eye. and you get
an expression. The nose is the most mobile
But that fcatu % may tell the story Of life
The mouth must light up 10 be Of much servic,
Clothes-they often have much 10 say for
themselves In a picture as the face might 60
50 far as 20 say they are the prop of it-some-
times the sou, 4 the joke which you are trying
- chronicle IN black and white.
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04
ORp,Nr AND Re-VoLTiN DETAILS. o'<

II should think do just like the country.
have a regard for The moors OF Yorkshire |
look on them as a sort of birhright for people
know | am that man from Leeds My art
dates from that town OF spinnies Ny first
drawings appeared in little local triie. YORK
shire Gossip But II quickly went the way OF
all good thngs-it died three weeks after
began to contribute TO IT. Yes. FOR an artist
Paris is perfection. But you can have too much
sugar candy Still. when / want a special tit
bit for drawing / Gloss the Channel
1t should be noted that each one Of the draw
ings reproduced in this article is copyrighted
in the United States by the Macmillan Company.
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

thai. who was killed last month while trying to
make his machine fly a..
The men have been greatly handicapped oy VIC
weather in making their trials. It Is seldom
that there has been a favorable wind for tneir
purposes. When the wind has been favorable .ne
weather otherwise has been unfavorable. The
chute stands but 40 feet from the water OF Lake
Michigan, and with wind from the south tne
person operating the machine is liable to be car
red out into the lake. On Saturday the wind wa
very unfavorable and only one OF the machines
tried. The success was more than was eA-
pected Heretofore the record for flying machines
253 feet. but twice this record broken
Saturday. The first trial at an angle OF 10
degrees. and the machine gded through the air
344 feet before II struck the ground. The second
attempt was at n smaller angle. and the distance
covered 35S feet. The wind was so unfavorable
that II was deemed unsafe for OF the men 10
make the attempt, so bag OF sand was sent with
the machine instead.
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

Imagined How could they be at ONE IN a
cat nit? Well. one may be humanity sympathetic
.,en there. and that this is not a merely senti-
,,.n,al fancy, an idea OF the philanthropist with
81. partcular attitude toward "the sick poor.
a. nroved by the book of sketches which the
wacr,illan Company publishes in fortnisht
,,rder the title Of Phil MAYS Gutter-Snipes
These "Gutter-Snpes" are much more than
the product Of a fun-maker's idle moments or
curse II is for the humor in the original
.,odsls that Mr.. May has drawn them But
,nere is this distinction between the huinor
~hich Mr. May interprets and that "hich most
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

beginnings Of his story MY artistic career" he
says. may be said to have begun when I was
about twelve. at which time the Grand Theatre.
Leeds. opened. The local scene-panter was
man called Fox brother of Charles Fox. Of Her
Majestys Theatre, and ! became acquainted
with his son. who helped To mix the distemper.
Young Fox. with boys called Ford. Sammy Stead.
and |. used TO rehearse pantommes our stage
was back street. and our scenery was designed
with A stick in the gutter. but We omitted moth
ing. The siartraps We're all marked out and we
made descents 10y ninging ourselves On our
faces in the muddy road. | was always cast FOR a
Sprite. and carried The Book OF Fate which
had a prominent place in all our pantomimcs.'
The upshOt Of this early association with theatri-
cal people and things that May took 10 the
designing ~ costumes and then Of window-hills.
or posters as they would be called to-day. But
the young artist got next to nothing for his Ia
bors For two years he lived on an income OF
twelve shillngs week. and II was long before
this condition Of things was hetterci
H came To London In the early eighties with no
very definite plans and absolutely 10 chances" "
but LITTLE by little after torrihl priyations that
brought him to sleeping out o: doors and liv.ne
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04
LOST !

student of black -and-v-hite art. he Will be more
than grateful. According to Mr. whistler
"Black-and- white art is summed up in two words
Phil May" and though that exaggeration is
hard to accept. 1T is still possible to regard the
English caricaturist as among the masters OF MS
art. Mays style as is shown by the specimens
reproduced on this page, is one OF the simplest III
the world and. strictly a style. 1t has no great
beauty. There is none Of the sensuous charm III
these drawings that you will find In the work OF
ylerge or Fortuny to name only two OF the grea.
names Of pen drawing. But Phil Mays i'he
has that great quality OF great draughtsmanship
n does exactly what ne wants it to do ana never
faIters. Its simplicity never keeps 1t from peihs
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

would be unfair to say that Phil May whohy
nverses the popular conception Of the Engiish
aums. Those slums are drenched in misery
"om top to bottom. On the other hand. there
are riffs Of sunshine In the darkness. and these
Ar. May brings TO the surface. these he makes
manifest to the ignorant public with a clearness
ana point which surpass the highest efforts
!" tne talker writer To any one who has
a.d slimpses Of Whitechapel and the various
v'ner centres Of poverty in London. and who
- nad no prepossessions to start with. there
something refreshing in Mr.. Mays pano-
as puts the situation in the light IL requires.
rminds us that sad as the lot Of gutter
New-York tribune., 1896-10-04

tipsy native" from the
gutter. The rescued one was
grateful. "Lemme know,
sirs,' said he. wen yer
pass this way agin. My
brother keeps & rat pit
down the alley, an we'd
make yer feel at 'ome." The
shock TO the fastidious
young gentlemen may be