The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-06-07

! The first Arctic explorers were the
! Mortimer and Icelanders. as early as the
| ninth and tenth centuries. They estaD-
/ lished colonies on the Greenland coast
which hourished for some years, making
great gains by the fisheries, which they
/ pursued as far as Lancaster sound, and
( even 10 Barrow strait In 1896 two
I Venetian navigators. Zeno by name, voy-
/ aged 10 the north and brought back It'd
I ings Of the Arctic regions. In 1897 John
1 and Sebastian Cabot landed in Labrador
and afterward projected a voyage toward
4 the north pole. They penetrated as far
| as g. degrees 30 minutes north-that is 10
/ say, about half way up Davis strait. The
7 next explorers were the brothers Corte-
| real. who made in all three voyages in
1500-1J02, extending as far as 60 degrees
north, but resulting in nothing but dis
aster and loss of life. In 1913 Sir Hugh
WillOughby was sent out by the MuscOvy
T company 10 md a passage to India. He
reached Nova ZembIa, but persisted with
/ his crew.
In l576-7s Martin Frobisher made three
voyages and discovered the entrance TO
/ HUDSON and Frobisher straits leading .nto
| hudson bay. In 1918 Sir Humphrey Gii-
DerL maze q Iuule voyage. Next followed
| Davis Gin l5S5-SO, who discovered the strait
that bears his name and surveyed pOr-
tons of the coast of Greenland William
Barentz, Dutchman made three Arctic
voyages In l594-96. lie himself persisted
on the tird voyage, near the Icy Cape Of
Nova Zemba.
Henry Hudson set out in 1907 under the
auspices of the Muscovy Company, with
orders 10 steer directly for the north
pole. He advanced beyond latitude 50 de-
8rees, steering due north between Green
land and SpltzDergen. The following year
ne reached lartudG 70 degrees north, be-
tween Nova Zembla and SpitZbergen. The
next year he tried again. but being im-
peded by ice he searched along the Amerl-
can coast FOR passage, discovering the
hudson river. In 1910 he sailed again,
discovering and Wintering in S~dson bay,
where ne was deserted and left 20 perish
by a mutinous crew. Within the next
hNe years several expeditions were made
into Hudson bay. In 1916 Baffin explored
the bay named after him In liza Behring
set sail with an expedition from PetrOpa-
NloNhk IN kamschatka. After various
bunetings before severe gales, having
twice made the American coast and been
driven to sea, Behring died, the vessels
were wrecked, and the crew, Wintering
on an island, known as Behring Island,
made small vessel in which they
reached kamschatka, Aug. 25, 1742. Only
pare mention can be made OF the eXpedi-
tons Of Shalaron l76O, who persisted Of
starvation with all his crew, of Andreyeff
and of Capt. Billings, who started from
the mouth of the kolyma In Siberia. None
Of these resulted in important discoveries;
ana so we come to the last of the Rus
sian eforts-the sledge expeditions Of Van
Wrangell and AnJou in l82O-23 They pen
etrated to latitude 20 degrees 81 minutes
north, longitude l57 degrees % minutes
west, and reported an open sea in the dis
tant north, which precluded further OPP
erations in sledges.
Between 1853 and 1872 Samuel Hearne
made three overland voyages north to-
ward the Polar, sea. In the third he dis
covered and traced to its mouth the Cop
permine river. In 1913 Capt Phipps Lord
MulgfaVe), sailing along the coasts of
Spitzbergen, reached latitude so degrees As
minutes north. In l776 Capt. Cook sailed
on his last expedition. with instructions
n bxr rasr Tprl,
ing Strait He penetrated only to latitude
! 70 degrees 40 seconds. vessel was dis
Patcneu 70 baInn bay 10 meet him, but
Ice formed solld barrier. 1t may be re-
marked that parliament in 1743 had offered
a reward of 100000 TO the crew who
should accomplish northwest passage
| through Hudson bay and after Cooks
| expedition an additional $4,000 was offered
TO the crew that should reach within one
degree or the pole. In 1888 Mackenzie, in
land expedition, discovered and traced
TO its mouth the river named after him In
1Slo, TWO expeditions set, out; one under
| capt. Ross and Lieut.. Parry to discover
/ the northwest passage; the other under
| Capt. Buchan and Lieut.. (Sir) John Frank
| I'm, TO penetrate to the North pole The
| latter went between Greenland and Spitz-
! bergen and reached 50 degrees and "a
| minutes north. The Ross Parry expedition
| sailed up Lancaster Sound about sixty
| miles, when it was thought that land was
encountered extending entirely across IL
and the vessels returned. In 1919 Lieut.
! Parry, with another expedition, succeeded
| IN sailing through Lancaster Sound into
| Barrow strait. on passing Prince Regent
Inlet they had advanced further than any
/ other mariners thus far. Proceeding
! through Melville sound on Sept 4 Parry
| announced to his crew that. having passed
! the llOth meridian they were entitled to
| the reward of $4,000 offered by parliament
| for that achievement. On Sent 20 thew
| were embedded in ice, but cut their way
| out ana Wintered on Melville Island On
| August of the following year the ice
| broke up, setting them at liberty, but by
| the 18th they We're again fast They finally
| put Tor nome. reaching britain in
| with all well. In September 1919 an over
! land expedition went out from York fac
tory under command of Lieut. (Sir) John
! FRANKLIN. They reached the sea by wav of
| the Coppermine river and padded and
| they were compelled to turn back They
| party. '-'
In 1928 Capts Perry and LYON salad
| through Fox Channel as far as the Strait
OF the Fury and Hecla. After this an
eXpeditlon under Capt. Lyon was aban-
| Toned When yet eighty miles distant from
I Repulse Bay In 1924 Capt Parry entered
Lancaster sound, wintered at Point Bow
en-, near its entrance, and, losing one Of
ms SHIPS, returned home the next wear
In 1873 an expedition started overland
descending the Mackenzie river to the Sea
under Franklin, who traced the Goa sf
for 374 miles westward from the Mac
kenz.e. He failed to connect with Cant
Beecher, who had gone through Boring
STRAIT TO kotzebue sound. In 1927 Cant
| Parry reached 81 degrees 45 seconds north
IN lS29-o3 capt. OSfr James, Ross endeav-
oreu 70 ma northwest passage by some
opening leading out of Prince Regent
inlet. During this expedition the true
location of the magnetic pole was fixed
for the first time. In 1888 Back and KING
set out TO search for Capt. Ross, without
| avail The latter reached home after ter
rlble sutferings. In 1887 Dease and Simp-
son reached Point Barrow discovering
on the way the Garry and Colvilee rivers
The next year they discovered Vfctoria
land. In 1S46 DR.. John Rae explored Boo
In May, 1915. Sir John Franklin SAILED
| on his last expedition in the Erebus and
Terror. On July 26. 1S4j they were seen
by a whale ship in latitude "A degrees IS
minutes, about the center of Baffin Bav-
moored to an iceberg and awaiting an
| opening into Lancaster sound This was
the last time the vessels We're ever seen.
Three different expeditions for succor
We're sent by the British government in
lS4S One under Capt. Kellett and Com
Isander Moore was Joined by Robert She'd
don in his yacht. but was unsuccessful
as was land party under Sir John Rich
ardson and DR.. Rae. Sir James Ross in
lS4S-i9 was also unsuccessful. A number
of other expeditions We're sent in sear.eb