davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1896-05-15

nv ANTED TRUSTWORTHY PERSON
w to travel. SEQ and expenses. Refer
erce. Exclose self ad ressed stamped en-
VelOpe. SECRETARY, Box p, Chicago.
Evening journal., 1896-05-15

G1S0 A MONTH; YOU CAN MAKE IT
a. lou easy; 6 hours a day; our agents
dOu't complain Of hard times, but are making
big money selling National Dish washer;
built on scientific PRINCIPLES; guaranteed;
everybody wants one; l,lOOOOJ TO he solo;
lice Ow. Apply at once. WORLD MANU-
-EACTuRING 90. WIG. Colnmhns. Ohi1
Evening journal., 1896-05-15

KJANTED-LADiES TO LEARN BAUGH-
w mans Adjustable Tailor system: cut
tng, bastug and bOning Thoroughly taught;
/ .dies taught on their own garments. For
fu-ther information apply at Singer Manufac-
turing Co., Seventh and French sts. or Mary
r.. O'Neill, 2l9 West Third St., Chester. Pa.
Evening journal., 1896-05-15

BUsINEss OPPORTUNITIES.
EOR RENT-FINEST MEAT STAND ON
IL King st. Apply n. w. Cor. 4th and King
Evening journal., 1896-05-15
THE PRO" DELEGATES
Instructed for Joshua Lever.
ing of Maryland
PRoHlBIrIONIsTs IN CONVENTION

Want The TSrIn Question Removed
Fro-a Partisan Politics Demand Made
for constitutional Prohibition-Unbius
Ing Debauohsry OF the Electorate De-
nounced.
Evening journal., 1896-05-15
aELP WANTED.
Ed A GIRL FOR Utl

nON'T BE POOR S35 A WEEK CAN BE
- made selling platers and plating table,
" are, jewelry. etc; we furnish outfits COM
plete with all materials and trade secrets,
teach agents; finest quail ty of work; wears 10
years; testimonials and sample Of work free.
Address GRAY & COMPANY, Department
~. Co umbus. Ohio.
Evening journal., 1896-05-15

n HOEGELSBERGER, Md.
IL 6l6 MARkET STREET,
Ade THE EYE HIS SPECIAL STUDY
the Universities OF Vienna, Austria. and
~ York City, In the Philadelphia Poly
safc and Wills Eye Hospital.
10 EXAMINES EYES FREE and ruaran-
" satisfaction.
Old GLASSES. $500.
STEEL GLASSES. 60 CENTS.
Evening journal., 1896-05-15
Wilmington. Del.

A RE YOU TIRED OF PAYING PAPER
"A hangers two prices for room -mouldinss9
Iry u.s.
HARDCAsTLE's ART STORE
Az Shipley street
Evening journal., 1896-05-15
HOARD AND ROOMS

T0RSIsHED ROOMS. 81 TO s. per week.
4 s3l Tatnall street,
CURNI.HED ROOMS FOR GENTLE
Il men only, 604 King street.
Evening journal., 1896-05-15
REAL ESTATE.

TSOa REM. LARGE WAREHOUSE IN
j Newport, we'll suited for a GENERAL
STORE and Storage. Fronts the Christiana
river and Water street. Unneually favorable
opportunity for an enterprising man tn estab-
lien a profitable business. WILLIAM JENKS
FELL, Falkland, Del.
Evening journal., 1896-05-15
A Pleasant SUR
Lucas Acquitted

This morning the Lucas jury came In
and reached a verdict Of not guilty The
prisoner was Immediately discharged
and warmly congratulated by some o
his friends after he had left the room.
Evening journal., 1896-05-15
All Pleaded Not Guilty.

Willism B,uldsn. oolored was ar
raigned for burglary. he pleaded OF
guilty. and was given until this after
noon to get ready for trial John d.
Ward and Theodore CArlin, white men.
pleaded not guilty to stealing set OF
single harness from William a. German.
Their cases will also come up this after
noon
OF the Delinquent state taxables
Amelia O. s. Williamson. Elwood r
Beeson and Harrlett @ Moore paid up
and the cases against them were nole
prosecuted. Joseph and Samuel
Cham befs expressed a Willingness TO
make affidavit that they hsd
not been In the real estate business for
nearly year. aud their cases were
dropped CapIAsss. rsturnabls at the
September term, were issued In the
Evening journal., 1896-05-15

NEW CASTLE COUNTY. IS. : TIE STATE
~ OF DELAWARE. To the Sheriff of
New Castle County, Greeti0g:
Whereas, Rena Pennewell by her petition
to the Judges of our Superior Court, filed in
the office of the ProthonOtary of said Court in
and for New Castle County, for the cause of
complaint therein alleged, has made appli-
cation TO our said Judges that a decree may
be pronounced dissolving the marriage exist
Ing between the Petitioner and Willard
Pennewel.
We therefore, command you, as you were
heretofore commanded that you summon
Willard Pennewell that be be and appear be-
fore the Judges of our said Court at the next
term thereof 10 be held at Wilmington. on
Monday the eighteenth day of May next, TO
answer the allegations Of the said petitioner,
Rena Pennewell according TO the Act of
Assembly In such case made and provided,
and also TO do and receive what the Court
shall then and there consider concerning him
IN this behalf as to The Court shall seem meet
and consistent with the provisions of the said
Act of Assembly.
And have you then there this writ.
Witness the Honorable Charles B. Lore
Esquire, at Wilmington, The twenty-fourth
day of March, A. d., eighteen hundred and
ninety-six.
Issued April IA, 1898.
UTTTOi3 II tUnflT I ny r,-ottorot.-..
Evening journal., 1896-05-15
ELECTKlo cAHPET cLEANING woAKs

Leu NiO va NJ --l-l-S FL Oi-.ANi4No "OAhS
4O9 ORANGE STREET. TELEPHONE 72l.
Orders left at Speakman's Furnitu store 200
West Fourth street, win secure prompt atteu-
tion. Household goods taken on Storage.
L ADIE-l Chichester's English Pepnyroyal
- Pills tDismond Brandt are the best. safe,
reliable. Take no other. Send 4c, stamps. for
particulars. Relief for Ladies'" in letter by
return mail: At druggists. Chichester Cheml-
cal Co., Philadelphia Pa.
Evening journal., 1896-05-15

NOTICE-DlVIDEND
IN The EQUITABLE GUARANTEE AHDl
TRUST COMPANY,
WILMINGTON, DEL, May 18th, 1896
The board OF directors have this day de-
clared dividend of 2I6 per cent for the past
SIX months payable on demand.
OrHO NOWIAND Traseurar
Evening journal., 1896-05-15

BOUsE PAINTERS AND GLAzIERs,
SHOP 22s WEST TENTH STREET.
Residence No. 900 shallcross Avenne,
Evening journal., 1896-05-15
Argument in the Adams Case.

The case Of the state vs. Adams was
then resumed and argument began.
Deputy Attorney General Peter l.
Cooper, Jr, opened ard made a very
effective speech for conviction Mr.
Knowles followed him, making
strong plea for soquittal. Attorney
General White closed for the state. This
argument lasted for nearly two hours
and half
At12 35 o'clock the court charged the
jury and 10 retired.
Evening journal., 1896-05-15

Three NIT utes walk from depot ana ocean
s so per day, 81 TO Sl2 per week.
II. W. SHARPLESS.
Evening journal., 1896-05-15
MACHINES.

Wheeler & Wilson, $500. The Singer. $500.
Domestic, S2500, Standard. $500
HOUSE hold, $3.50. Other makes at $40. SIS, $50.
Oak or walnut Ten years guaranteed.
Sold at 81 % nar weak ~
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-12-19
Christmas at Central Union.

The services at Central Union
Church on Sunday will have special
reference to Christmas The Sunday
School celebration will be held at 1855
a. m. in the main auditorium. All
friends of the school are welcome At
the regular services, both morning and
evening, the choir will render special
music. The theme of the sermon in
the morning will be THE Message of
the Incarnation to Character" in the
evening "The Message of the Incar
nation to the Heart of Man"
On Christmas Day CFriday) serv-
ice with music by the full choir will
be held at II o'clock. The pastor will
preach on The Message of the In
carnation of the Intellectual Life of
Today"
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-12-19

well, o.. s; w. Armstrong. o., /; E.
Horner. o., 9: b. Brown, X, %.
One hundred yards low hurdles
Worlds amateur record, II 4-5 sec
onds; won by A. r. COPELAND, New York:
E. Chang, o., 3: S. Kalua, X, 10; l..
Kentwell, o., s; ID. Hawai-, X, IS; w.
Armstrong, o.. l; f. Napaelua, X, "a.
Running broad jump-World's anna
teur record. % feet 61a inches: won by
c. ID. Reber, Detroit: ID. Hawai-. X, IS;
A. Kaulukou, o., 10; L. Horner, o., 9;
w. Armstrong, o., l. b. Brown, X,
%; S. Kaiuaola, X, %.
Two hundred and twenty yards dash
intercollegiate record, 81 So sec
onds; won by B. J. Wefers, Washing
ton, d. c.: w. Armstrong, o., /; II.
Spencer, o., 2; ID. Hawai-, X, IS; S.
Kekahuna, X, IT; S. Kalua, X, 10; E.
Chang, o., g.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-12-19
FROM HILO TOWN.
Merchant From There Says the
People Are Not Selfish.

E. B. Barthrop, manager of the Hilo
Drug Company, arrived yesterday on
the Kinau, after an absence from Ho-
nolulu of more than a year.
Mr. Barthrop, with the confidence
characteristic of the Hilo man, speaks
in glowing terms of the outlook for
Hilo
Most of the people up there" he
said yesterday, "are quite enthusiastic
for annexation. Our town is progress
sive, and when the country is annexed
the new blood which will naturally be
infused into the Islands, will find it's
affinity right in our district. You have
no idea what strides the town has
taken in the last 10 months. People
who have never been to Hilo would
hardly recognize it--from the descrip-
tions you Honolulu newspaper men
give it, Hilo is all right, and when
the coffee plantations there begin pro-
ducing in considerable quantities, there
will be less for the people of Honolulu
| to laugh at.
"Then this talk about factions: No
body recognizes it but the people down
here. Ask Dick Richards; he will tell
you there is but one. Ask Turner or
Hitchcock, or any of the leading men,
and the answer will be the same. We
pull together in Hilo, and look at the
result of it. We have good roads, fine
| Il I'll IL
If we kicked little more there would
not be a street without stone curb and
cement sidewalk. But we won't do
it. The people of Hilo have resolved
their senses, and realize that every dol
lar spent for improvement on Hawaii
or in Hilo, means depriving Honolulu
Of gratifying a within. We would rath-
er sacrifice the benefits which might be
obtained through our having a new
wharf, good streets and roads, than to
have you Honolulu people struggle on
without a road around Diamond Head
or a tunnel through the Pail. We are
generous up there and wouldn't have
you people down here go without any
of tie money that is appropriated for
improvements, but if there is any old
! thing in Honolulu that you don't need.
we would see that it is put to good use.
A photograph of the appropriation
made by the last Legislature would
find a prominent place in our town Ii
brary-anything more than a photo
graph would be greater shock to us
than the earthquake you thought you
felt when you were up there"
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-12-19

THE SINGER received "a first awards
for sewing machines and embroidery
work at the Worlds Fair, Chicago, Ill,
being the largest number Of awards OBJ
tanned by any exhibitor, and more than
double the number given TO all other
sewing machines. For sale, lease and
rent Repairing done. B. BERGER
SEN, 113 Bethel street.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-12-19

c. R. Harrison, Practical Piano and
Organ Maker and Tuner, can furnish
best factory references. Orders left at
the Hawaiian News Co. will receive
prompt attention. All work guaranteed
to be the same as done in factory.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-12-19
SPECIAL BUSINESS ITEMS.

All kinds of SECOND HAND FURNI-
TURE sold cheap for cash at the l K l.,
corner Nuuanu and King streets.
If you want to sell out your furniture
in it's entirety, or for bargains, call at
the l x L, corner Nuuanu and King
streeta
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-12-19

City Carriage Company have removed
to the corner of Fort and Merchant SITS.
Telephone No. 113. First-class carri-
ages at all. hours. JOHN S. ANDRADE.
, 1896-07-13
PERSONAL PARAGRAPHS.

E. Dowd left for Huntington. Ore,
today.
w. d. Currier went TO Lookout this
morning.
W. II. Root left for Denver on the
moor train.
b. F. Saunders left for Salt Lake Sat
urday night.
j. w. Johnson returned from Chey-
enne this morning.
Mayor Brown and Luther Fillmore
vent over to the capital on No. 4.
Mrs. E. Logan. wife of Mr.. Logan of
the firm of Gresley & Logan. has gone
to New York.
Phil McArdle. representing the Cud-
ahy Packing company of Omaha. is do
ing business in Laramie today.
L. p. Snow, secretary of the Laramie
Mining and Stock exchange. is home
from a business trip to Rawlins.
Mrs. J. w. Conner and daughter have
returned from a months visit with Mr..
and Mrs. Donnellan at Salt Lake.
Mrs. E. W. Cordiner and Mr.. and
Mrs. Houghton returned Saturday from
a weeks outing at the Reed ranch.
F. n. Hall of Lincoln. Neb., arrived
in the city on No. 3 this morning, and
will go out to the park tomorrow,
where he will visit for some time with
a brother.
Mrs. Leroy Grant, Miss Alice Crum-
rine and Miss Francis Williams re-
turned from Denver last night. where
they went to attend the national music
teachers convention.
VIM. Lawrence. w. d. Currier and
party are back from a fishing trip to
the Boswell ranch. They had very in
different success, the water being too
low and clear for good fishing.
Yardmaster Dan Jordan returned
Saturday night from a trip to Fort Col
Inns. He was greatly pleased with what
he saw at that place and says that it is
a wonderful agricultural district.
Mrs. +. d. Hiskey returned from
Denver last night. where she has been
in attendance upon the national music
teachers convention. She reports a
very enjoyable and profitable time.
DR.. and Mrs. Stevens, their daughter
LYDIA. Mrs. S. f. Land and daughter
Mabelle and Miss HOWELL, left early
this morning for the Stevens ranch on
the Sybille, where they will enjoy an
outing.
, 1896-07-13
HE o POLITICAL.
Mr.. S. E. Land Congratulates the PEG
pie CT Albany County.

Sheridan, Wyo., July Sth. 1896.
Editor Republican.
Within the past few weeks the peo-
pie of the Gem City have.been riding on
the crest of the wave in a sea Of liter
airy amusement and social entertain
ment. Laramie as an educational CEN
ter is in the front, and those who are
prone to think this a dull summer re-
sort are not in the swim of advanced
thought. The cool mountain air that
soothes and smooths the way of life, the
very refreshing and ~invigoratlng sleeps
one can enjoy in such a clear, cool and
blue star-spangled canopy. that sheds
luster over this famed city. is enough
to make n feel like taking the next
train for that town. Then you have
the brooks and rivers teeming with
trout for the sportsman, the tourist or
pleasure seeker. Just fancy a man in
the east trying to enjoy camp life in the
states. where the nights are hot. He
may catch his bass. pike and pickeral
and once in a while get a sea breeze,
but to fight mosquitoes on hot nights,
hen n IS tired out from a days
tramp, is too much like work on a farm
for enjoyment. Ye deciples of Izaak
Walton, HE yourselves to the banks OF
The Laramie river or to the upper
waters of the Platte, pitch your tent on
fields that are green, beside waters that
are blue and where the silver sides Of
the speckled beauties glisten in the
MONDAY sun; drop that fly, or native
June bug on these mystic waters, and
you will be rewarded by a denizen of
the deep making your acquaintance in
a very rude and barbarous style. Out
from the dark, Like a thief in the night,
he pounces upon your Turing bate. The
bold n predacious robber turns and
runs, with the prize he has secured,
from you, but you must have the stay
ing qualities and fight it out with this
h:ghwayman. There are no places to
call to for help. o must tug and pull
until you land your quarry and get in
tensive worth for all dangers you have
brooked to capture this gamiest of all
flsh-the trout Of the mountains.
Camp life under sudh skies and in an
atmosphere of ozone like the favored
localities of Wyoming offer, is the
srortsman's paradise, the health-seek-
er's haven, the pleasure seekers joy,
and a season in the woods of one
months duration is an oasis in the des-
ert OF the toiler's life. Judging from
the accounts, published of late in your
paper, Of the big fish caught and the big
fish that got away l am satisfied that
most Of the good people of Laramie
have been taking advantage Of a sum-
mer's outing under canvas, in the far
of fields that are green beside the rush.
ing waters where nature unfolds the
pleasures Of perfect day.
g. r LAND
, 1896-07-13
If. Corthell was a gold mar and a

self. Corthell vas a gold man and a
free trader. while he was a protection
list and silver man. If there is any
swapping to be done in this case, it
would not be a hard guess to name the
party which would get the best of the
bargain. The professor turned him
self loose and just talked at random.
saving the air right and left. He made
things so warm up on the stage that
of water. He did not believe a return
to the Mckinley tariff would bring
back prosperity, but Bryan's election
would accomplish the desired result.
, 1896-07-13
PUBLIC INSTALLATION.

The Woodmen and their wives and
sweethearts will have a time tomorrow
night at G. A. R. hall, when the Off
GERS of the regular lodge and the ladies
degree will be installed. Following are
the oficers-elect:
OFFICERS OF THE GROVE
Worthy Guardian-Mrs. John Smith.
Excellent Adviser-Mrs. John Bail
lie.
Treasurer-Mrs. Moritz Meyers.
Clerk-Mrs. S. J. Miller.
Great Magician-Mrs. Herman Lang
heidi.
Worthy Attendant-Mrs. Foster.
Inner Sentinel-Mrs. VIM. Hicks.
Outer Sentinel-Miss Nettie G.
Penny.
Worthy Physician-Dr. H. l.. Stew
ems.
Managers-Mrs. Moritz Meyers. Mrs.
w. E. Archibald, Mrs. Herman Lang
heldt.
OFFICERS OF WOODMEN.
Consul Commander-Frank Burns.
Adviser Lieutenant-W. A. Martin.
Observation-Disclosures Moir.
Watchman-Charles Miller.
Sentry-Willis Jensen.
Manager-Victor Cokefair.
, 1896-07-13
SENSATIONAL AFFIDAVIT.

SENSATIONAL AFFIDAVIT.
The following Sensational afndavit
was filed in the Croker case:
City Of Denver. County of Arapahoe
State Of Colorado.
Harry A. Stevens, of lawful age. be-
ing duly sworn. deposes as follows:
On OF about the 26th of May. 1896,
was introduced by some parties to
Hugo DonzelmAn in the Branch saloon
in Cripple Greek. DonxelmAn seemed
to know all about my history. and more
especially the fact that I had been in
the Utah penitentiary ~ Salt Lake.
Donzelman asked me II l knew q man
named Sullivan that was q convict, WHO
had been In the Salt Lake pentenuary.
I told him that I knew two 6ulHvans
there. He sod:
DO you recognise this one?" Show
ing me a picture.
said Yes, that u Tom Sullivan"
He said: Il an attorney for =. 8.
Croker, who IL charged with the hill
ing Of Harvey Booth It Evanston.
Didn't you hear Sullivan ny that there
was an old pappy guy dowa At Bvaos-
ton who had lots of money, and he was
going after II! Didnx you hear him
say this after you cot ~pardonsd from
the PRISON."
looked at him - / did not know
what he wns driving q. aaA saad:,
IF you cen rsmsubsr IT, there u
good mooey n = for 20. - I VIII ~
, 1896-07-13

that you are paid well and properly
taken care Of"
l told him | had a good memory for
money.
The statement that he supposed l
would swear to on the witness stand
was suggested by Councilman, and was
absolutely false, he knowing the same
to be false. He was to pay me 5 1000
for this statement, as the statement
was wholly manufactured by Donzel-
man.
This statement is given of my own
free will, without promise Of reward or
emolument. for the sole purpose of
showing to the public how Hugo DON
zelman tried to manufacture false tes-
timony and subordinate perjury. l
wish to state that from the first time l
met Donzelman at Cripple Creek up to
the time l left Cheyenne on the 9Th in
slant. l received from time to time from
him personally or through his friends
in his behalf about $135 or $40, and
further deponent sayeth not.
%(Signed.) HARRY A. STEVENS.
Subscribed and sworn to before me
this 7th day Of July. A. D., 1896.
cSigned.) j. FRANK ADAMS,
Notary Public.
My commission expires January 20,
1900. (Seal.)
Attached to the affidavit were copies
of four letters and two kilograms said
10 have been sent by Donzelmann to
Stevens relative to the latter's trip to
Cheyenne during the trial.
After the affidavit was read Attorney
Donzelmann pronounced the charge
false in every particular and denounced
Attorney Hamm in severe terms.
Judge Scott appointed a committee,
consisting of three members of the Lar
annie county bar, of which Mr.. Donzel-
mann is Il member. to investigate the
charges. The committee is composed
of T. F. Burke, County Attorney Baird
and f. w. Mann.
, 1896-07-13
MR.. PEABODY REPLIES.
His Past Statements Have Been Proven
by the Logic of Events.
Editor Republican.

Editor republican.
With ne desire to prolong a contro-
versy, will you permit me to refer brief
ly to an article in the Saturday Boone
rang.
Because l had criticized one of its
thoushtless, misleading editorials. the
Boomerang saw fit to reply in a ban
tering manner that it was only one
of its jokes, etc. and invited me, by
name, to explain what seemed-to the
Boomerang-to be an inconsistency.
Because | accepted the invitation and
defended my position, the Boomerang
has to lose its temper and become rath-
err personal. That part of it | do not
mind, but in a general way | wish to
remark that the tariff question is an
issue in this campaign. 1t is the issue
upon which Mckinley was nominated
and will not be downed.
OF all | have written upon it in the
past three years | have nothing to re-
tract. | think every word of it has been
proved true by the subsequent course
of events.
have written. not as a theorist. not
as a politician. but as one who has had
much practical experience in hat line
and fully knows what he is writing of.
have written not in the interest of
Glasses" but entirely in the interest Of
the people at large, and to which | am
proud to belong. | hate the term
classes" 1t is m%islpplied. 1t is UNI
American.
Free coinage is the second great is
sue of the campaign and is very popu-
lar in this part of the country. One in
the minority, as | am. may not feel like
saying more han this. that. as in the
case of the Wilson tariff bill. only a
few months time will demonstrate its
truth or its falsity. Meanwhile let it
be made a subject of study. both sides
OF it. Education is needful. We must
have a campaign of education.
A.. S. PEABODY.
, 1896-07-13
KILLING FISH.

Dad kinnear was over to the Little
Laramie yesterday and from what he
saw he believes that dynamite is being
used in the tributaries of that stream
fear of the law in their hearts. He says
that between Robert Halls place and
Gresley& Logan's he noticed almost
small and some of the larger ones act
ed as though they had been injured by
the jar of a dynamite explosion. Mr..
the Little Laramie.
, 1896-07-13

1t would be hard to convince a man
suffering from bilious collie that his
agony is due to a microbe with an un-
~pronouncable name. But one dose Of
DeWitt's Collie & Cholera cure will con-
vince him Of its power to afford In.
slant relief. 1t kills pain. Chas. N.
Settele.
, 1896-07-13
OH MY BACK

A good many tired men and women
could get rid Of that pain in their back
II they would try Parks Sure Cure for
the liver and kidneys. The trouble IL
usually there and Parks Sure Cure
reaches and cures 1t.
Sold by Eggleston and Desmond.
, 1896-07-13

TICKET FOR THE EAST.
For Sale Cheap. Apply at this once.
27Stf
, 1896-07-13
A CHILD

The pleasant flavor. gentle action. and
soothing effect of Syrup of Figs, when
in need of a laxative, and if the father
or mother be costive of bilious, the
most gratifying results follow its use;
known and every family should have a
bottle.
, 1896-07-13
SALT LAKE TRIBUNE.
Reduced to $500 per Year After June !
1896.

On June LIST the Salt Lake Tribune
will reduce the price Of the semi-wesk.
" to 800 per year. Tho present high
standard will be maintained. and every
effort will be made to keep the semi
weekly in the front rank.