davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25
CITY ITEMS.

The DAILY GRAPHICaccepts ad- sertasing on the distinct and @ae taiUoeat guarantee that it has da.sg carcaia- tioa larger than any other duly "e'0s- ,apey published ia Pine BlsB.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

Try cyeola-the new drink-at Mitcheli's. i2dt
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

Mfs. !. ". Ferguson, and son, 0 Rob Roy, are in the city.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25
THE MARKETS.
Cotton.

NEW ORLEANS, Sept s3.--ordinary 6s4 good ordinary, 5-l6; low middling ' 9l6; mid ding, 7s4; good middling, l5-16; middling fair, S9-16.
 GALVESTON Sept. 23.-ordinary 63s; good ordinary, "A low middling, 75s middling, 77s; good middling, s1-l6; middling fair, S1-l6.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

Hoods Pills are easy to take, easy cooperate. Cure indigestion, bill uusness. 25c.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25
Livestock.

CHICAGO, Sept. 24. ,Texas cattle strong steers, S2 401a30J.
 Sheep steady to firm.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

Mir. Jeff Wright, of Morfillton. is in the city today.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

FOR SALE-A Mosler Safe. burglar and r fire proof. with steel vault Good as new Inquire of JOHNSON & ROBERTS.
 I1dtf
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

XATANTED QUICK-salesmen to visit trade w and supply canvassers for greatest selling bicycle Speciality of the age. S100000,- behind the guarantee. Dun's. Bradstreet's or Bank reference. Fine chance; square treat ment,
 b sm , m Buffalo. N. Y.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

Messrs. B. A. Wyatt and ". R. Kirby, of yarner,are in the city.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

FOR SALL-A Victor wheel, 'g6model used only two months. Apply at No. 213 Main street.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

All kinds Of summer drinks at Mitchell's. II u'l
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

HOUSE TO RENTING. 40 Fourth ave. and ! Walnut st, Call on P. NJ. Bridges. BIO Walnut street. i6d6t
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

NAYA4{TED-- Middle aged woman wants a
 w situation as housekeeper or general work in small family. Call on or address care this office. Mrs E. NJ. s. 22d6t
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

w near Cotton Belt railroad No board ina House. Address c. M. McGregor. 303 E Eight Avenue.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25
THEAP ~OLUnN.~
 Advertise Your Wants.

FOR sALE-A good seconi hand jump seat
 \ Surrey. Cheap. Address " this of fce 5tf
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

I Laundry Little Rock. Rest of work guaranteed. Telephone R. NJ. Knox Co.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

DALLAS. Sept 2s.--Choice shipping steers, s2 B0zA2 60
 Hogs-Choice cornfed, ranging from 175 to 275 ihs g so; light weights. s2 3012 70
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

sr LOUIS. Sept. 24.-Texas cattle strong steers, g 5o03 50.
 Sheep strong
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25

Mir. Wolf Nichols is still on the sick list.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1896-09-25
Grain and Provisions.

CHICAGO. Sept. 23.--whest-No red. es1s k67e.
 Corn-No. 2, 21ssD2ls4s.
 Oats--No, white, l71S2015e. Lard, g loo ibs, s8 65C13 57la.
 Mess pork, P barrel, s5 95 0609 Short clear sides, boxed, 8 50 as 631z Short ribs, sides, loose. sS 20a18 30. Dry salted shoulders. boxed. s3 5oG4 75 DALLAS, Sept. 25.--New wheat. 62e Gorn-shelled, mixed bulk ioblcts, 34c; ear from. wagon 28$S9, bulk. shelled f. O b. from courlry points. carlots. 2t-a27 ear. 24(D26. oat-iS&2ly bulk, wagon; carlots f, o. b. oountry. .P43n& ls02o
 dAys~el 00S 6a
 HsaNRsapsd, Nsrces. eff; 6c-yn paila. lsz,
The morning times., 1896-11-27
ORPHANS The CARE
OF CATHOLIC KNIGHTS
Their Annual Entertainment for St
JOseph's Asylum.
One Donation OF 125 Barrels OF
Flour Was Received for This
Charity.

The little lads who are the charges Of
st. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, will have
cause to continue their thanksgiving for
many day beyond the one appointed by
the authorities. They were the Srne
flciaries OF an entertainment given last
night In the Light Infantry Armory, by the
local branches OF the Catholic Knights OF
America, who have, for many years, male
this charity the object OF their especial
care.
1t was the thirteenth sociable Of the
Catholic knights, and in connection with
IL there was carried ON a system tf
collection and contribution OF supplies
OF food and other articles OF use and
sustenance that VIII, in conjunction with
the money raised last night, insure ample
resources for this excellent charity for
another year.
or the extent Of the contribution of
food supplies, an inference may be drawn
from the one item OF 125 barrels of
flour, which was part of the donations of
yesterday. Other things were given with
equal generosity.
The program OF last nights entertain
nent consisted OF a list of danccs-quad-
rilles and lanciers-that ought to have sat
islied the most ardent vCtary of the pas
time. The floor of the ballroom was per-
1eci crush during the wnole evening.
Even at comparatively late hour guests
We're constantly arriving, SO that outside
the circle or the dance standing room was
at the biggest kind OF premium.
The blaze OF electric lights, the brilliant
costumes that graced the scene made the
occasion as bright and happy in appearance
as even Thanksgiving function could
require.
That the event was to be a success was
forccasted by the selection of list OF
well-knOwn gentlemen to act as executive
and floor committees that was in itself
guarantee Of everything hoped for.
hr. George X. Repettl, John A. Madi
gan and n. II. Shea were respectively
president secretary and treasurer of the
executive committee; j II. Buscher was
master of ceremonies and Mr.. W II. De-
the dance, who guided and directed all
through the intricacies of the may waltz.
! hat the pleasures or no one should be neg
lected was the duty, well performed, of
The floor committee consisting OF John
Shugbrue, +. j. McQuade, William b.
Hecker. Robert Bcrberich, Joseph DAILY.
Frank 7. Daley. W. q. Wheatley, Robert
Mcdonald, X. j. Hartigan, Thomas Hughes,
c. 7. Clark. Edward Voigt, Dr.. j. j.
Slattery, Thomas A. Kane, William 4.
Simpson, Edward Horgan, j. NJ. Mckee,
Thomas higgins. John C. Sullivan, j. F.
O'Meara Mr.. James Consi!ine was the
chairman of the reception committee.
Refreshments We're served i'll an adjoin-
ing room. The music for the occasion was
furnished by Dough erty's band. The
thorough enjoyment by all of the even
iug's program was evinced by the late
| ness of the hour at which the Jewellers
left the scene.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
- ---
RABBI STERN ON THE DAY.
His Sermon Plea for American
Liberty and institutions.

Thanksgiving services were held at 2.3O
O'Clock yesterday afternoon at the Eighth
Street Synagogue of the Washington Hebrew
congregation. Rabbi L ouis Stern preached
an eloquent sermon that was heard by a
large assembly
He called attention in beginning his SER
mon to the prospect of returning prosperity
as result of the recent election, and this
was thing to be particularly thankful
for, he said. 1t would be unwse. how
ever, to fail to heed the less ons that have
been taught by the narrowly averted
dangers that have threatened the republic.
1T requires no stretch of Imagination to
understand what would be the fate of our
republic should the seeds of unrest and
discomfort be permitted to spread and
thrive, and the vicious notions OF sectional
ism and class distinction become further
strengthened.
1T becomes the plain duty of all lovers
of what, as American citizens we prize
most highly, to unite their efforts for the
preservation of the strength and dignity
OF our well-tried blicaninstitutinns and
to vigorously oppose any and every scheme
aiming at the erection of barriers, socially
or religiously, that would tend in the least
to justify the cry of sectionalism.''
The speaker referred to the Monument
Shaft as a heap of Witness" like Jacob
and Laban's pillar of old, to the sacred
pledge that no sectionalism, no antagon.
ism between rich and poor, creed and
The morning times., 1896-11-27
LAWN TENNIS CHAMPIONSHIP
Drisco1 and Davidson VIII Play 1t
Off Tomorrow.

During the time the Bachelors fall
lawn tennis was being played j. c. David
son, champion OF the District, unfortu-
nately met with a bicycle accident, which
spoiled his chances To play off his set with
priscoll Of Georgetown Varsity. Rather
than take the championship by default
Driscoll suggested that the set be played
Off at a later date.
Arrangements have now been made to
play Off the game, which will virtually
decide the District championship in sin
giles tomorrow afternoon, beginning at 2
O'Clock on the Bachelor Club courts.
Driscoll is well known as a strong
player. lie holds the championship for
the Pacific slope, and last spring won the
local intercollegiate championship and
Will make a mighty effort to win honors
from one of the best all-around players
this city has ever had
The morning times., 1896-11-27
DEBORAH LODGES DANCE.
Enjoyable \Iffee Klatsch Followed
by Hop.

The members aud friends of Deborah
Lodge gathered to the number of several
hundred III National Rifles Hall last night
To participate in the annual kaffec klatsclr
and dance given under the auspices OF
tile order. The dancing card was long
one that kept many OF the merry ma kers
70 the early hours of the morning A
luncheon was served in the rooms below
the hall as pleasing adjunct To the
program carried on above.
The committee i'll Charge of the event
consisted of the following: Messrs Isaac
Cans. j Moser, l.. FelIheimer and NJ
Cohen. The floor Committee was COIN
posed of the following members: McsSrs
Max Oppenheim er, II Sackc rman, ID.
Oppenheimer, Sol. Herzog, NJ. Sanger and
L. Moser. Mrs. c. Guggenhcim was in
charge of the ladies' committee.
For the past twelve years it has been
the custom of Deborah Lodge 10 celebrate
Thanksgiving night with ball. The at
tendance last night was probably the
largest since the events were inaugurated
The proceeds will be devoted to charity,
as they have been in the past, through the
Associated Hebrew Charities.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
A Maids Winter Uniform.

In England they dress the maid in a
long cape Of dull red cloth. 1t is smooth
faced and lined with sateen or some
times with plaid cloth. 1t is very full,
and is worn clasped around the neck like
a circular.
The cap which is SO much admired is
lined for winter, and is as warm as a
lady's bonnet. The dress may be thin
one, and the apron the plain large one
in daily service, but the warm cape
makes all appropriate for daily use
In this country it is difficult to get
maids to adopt a uniform But in other
countries the girls consider 1t mark of
honor, and no household able to support
even the smallest of serving maids is de.
prived of the pleasure of seeing her
dressed in cap and apron. In this coun-
try strategy is resorted to. Maids are
persuaded to wear cap and apron be-
cause told that both are becoming, which
is strictly true.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
SOUSA HOME AGAIN.
Death Of His Manager shortened
His EurODean Trim,

John Philip Sousa, the March King
was one Of the passengers on board the
TeutOnic, which reached her port on
Wednesday. Mr.. Sousa was making q
pleasure tour OF the continent when the
news OF the death of his manager, David
Rakely, reached him. This shortened his
stay abroad just one month, and he has
returned to look after the interests of
his band, preparatory to the annual ex-
tended tour.
Mr.. Sousa was royalty treated on all
sides during his sojourn abroad, and re-
ceiyed all the Difference usually paid to
prominent visitors from this side. He ex-
poets to come to this city in about week
to pay short visit to his mother and
family,
The morning times., 1896-11-27

One of the latest Partisan oonfections
is u bolero OF black satin that can be
slipped on over any bodice to lend an air
of-festivity To a toilet At the back the
chiffon is put on full with six rows Of
shirring that draws it down tight to the
lining. The shirrinG at the front is pushed
together to make six full puffs. TWO full
bouillons OF back chiffon are placed at
The armhole and fall nearly to the elbow.
Black velvet ribbon and brass buttons trim
the bolerU.
When Worn with an old white canvas
cloth gown that had Il black velvet belt
the effect was decidedly new and charming
These are the little things that NAL Ike house
dresses elegant tolOuk upon, yet cost almost
nothing,
The morning times., 1896-11-27
Handkerchiefs.

12Hc gives you the pick
OF 25 styles of Handler
chiefs that are worth 25c
each. They are the stock
of handkerchiefs that had
been imported for Hilton,
Hughes & Co., New York,
but they failed before these
were delivered, hence the
reason they are sold by lis
at half price.
The morning times., 1896-11-27

Mrs. f. NJ. Hood OF No. 2O4 Twelfth
street southwest entertained a few friends
Al dinner yesterday. The parlors Were
handsomely decorated with flowers and
potted plants. The guests were: Mr. and
ferris, Mr.. and Mrs. Hans Ely, Mr. and
Mrs. Fulcrum, Mr. and Mrs. Wolf Mr. and
Mrs Fredricis, Col Wright and Mr.. C..
y. Hood.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
FOR THE SERVING MAID.
No Household SO Modest But It's One
Maid May Appear in a
Nent Inform

THE maid whose trim attire adds so
L much TO ler desirablity must have
something warm to wear i'll winter
She cannot wheel the baby carriage or
accompany her mistress upon cold days
without an outside garment. While to
button coat over her trim apron is a
saCrilege of her uniform.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
c. A. G. Smoker.

The Columbia Athletic Club will give
one of its old-time smokers in its gym
nasium tomorrow evening. Chairman of
Amusement Committee c. W Schneider
has arranged very attractive program
which Will include contributions by local
amateur and visiting professional talent
Admission will be by card only and these
may be obtained by members at the club
office
The morning times., 1896-11-27

AT O'Clock yesterday evening. ut Grace
Church, Miss Lille NJ Galleher, of 1i2 r
street northwest, was married To Mr. James
I. Hoyle, OF G32 East Capitol street.
The bridal couple left Immediately for
wedding trip to the North, which VIII
terminate in ten days or two weeks.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
DIED.

ZURHORST-On Thursday morning, Ed
nund Cornelius, infant son of-GeorSe +.
anu Eliza beth Zurnorsu, aged eight months
and twenty-nine days.
. Funeral from residence OF parents, No 2O3
lhIru street southeast, f4iday. NONcuurr
"a, at O'Clock p. m. Item
COLIGNON--On Wednesday, November
%, S96, at p. IN, Joseph, ,beluvedhusband
of Johanna COlignon, aged fifty years.
Funeral from his late residence, No. TIC
Seventh street northwest, on Friday, No
are respectfully invited to attend.
baltimore and st. Paul papers please
copy no26-2t
DE vAUGHN-Add ddison Emmett De
Vaughn, only son of Addison W. and
Margaret De Vaughn, died Wednesday, at
Funeral, 2;30 p. m, Friday: private; No.
III PENNSYLVANIA avenue northwest. 1t
IN MEMoRIAM.
In loving remembrance OF our dear
mother, Cathran a. Collins. who died nine
years ago today, November -, 1887.
Our mother is with us no more,
God in his wisdom hath called her away;
Life's trials and SORROWS are o'er,
She hath flown to yon regions of day.
Should we grIeve for a mortal thus blessed,
Should we sigh for spirit Released?
For our mother hath entered her rest,
Where all is enjoyment and peace.
Our mother was tile first to depart
To our Fathers biest mansion on high;
Oh, why should we take it 10 heart?
Ere long we, too, hOmeward shall fly.
Death opens the way to our rest;
We know where our dear mother has
gone;
She awaits in yon home of the blest:
Oh, why. therefore, our mother shall we
mourn?
BY HER LOVING CHILDREN.
The morning times., 1896-11-27

creed, intended to benefit one to the detri-
ment OF the other, shall ever be tolerated.
He warned against tampering with the
religious liberties of the people of this
nation and opposed all thought Of a sectar-
ian amendment to the Constitution. Such
a movement might jeopardizc the work of
m ore than n century
The morning times., 1896-11-27
Easily Answered.

They tell me your wife talks politics in
GesSantly."
That's riGht''
We'll, what will she do after election
day."
Join another whist club. "-Cleveland
Plain Dealer.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
BOLERO FOR THE HOUSE.
A Dainty Thing That Makes Plain
Old Dress Bright and
BeCOfninY

IRON Paris comes the bolero. And it
/ looks as If 1T had come to stay, for
we have bolcros Of all kinds of light
goods, every day seeing something new in
them. Very inexpensive they are if made
of odds and ends Of satin, SILK and velvet,
and remarkably nice for dressing up an
old gown.
The morning times., 1896-11-27

Miss lneZ Howard entertained n number
of her friends AT her residence IA I oll Eilhth
street southeast, last night Misses Clara
and Emma Bright. Miss Raytold. Mr. and
Mrs Ferguson and Mr. Robert Howard
we're among those present.
The morning times., 1896-11-27

Mr.. and Mrs. Scott-Nesbitt, of Warrenten,
Va, viii entertain at their residence there
their son and daushter-inlaw, Mr.. and
Mrs. Harry Nesbitt, who will reside at the
Bancroft, corner of Eighteenth and Ii
streets.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
A mitch for Him

81 am plain man." said Bloughly, "and
believe in being practical 1 love YOU,
and want you to be my wife,"
WELL" replied the fair one, tHow
much are You wortb?"-Philadclphia North
American.
The morning times., 1896-11-27

and velvet, and she carried bride roses
tied with white satin ribbon. The cere-
ihony was followed by general reception
al the residence OF the brides parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph w. A ssheton, where
Mr and Mrs. Burch will for the present
reside.
The morning times., 1896-11-27

Miss Isabel Pallen Smith, of 2137 L
street, and party of friends from Williams
town, Mass, attended the football game
yesterday at Columbia Field
The morning times., 1896-11-27
Neckwear.

All the new ideas in Neck
wear are Oh dress parade for
Thanksgiving. Please come
in TO see them.
The morning times., 1896-11-27

Mr. and Mrs. Max Kohner have with
them their niece, Miss Clara Winter, of
New Haven, Conn. VIII be at home Sun
day.
The morning times., 1896-11-27

Mrs. Palmer, OF New York, is visiting
Miss Nellie sweet, OF 1101 Thirteenth
street northwest
The morning times., 1896-11-27
Perfumery.

25c will buy an ounce OF
any of our 40c and 45c ex-
tracts for these days. We fur
uish the. vial.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
Hosiery.

35c pair, or 3 pair for 81,
is the price of an excellent
quality in new colorlngs
and black.
The morning times., 1896-11-27

Miss Willy LonsdaIe will he at home to
her friends this winter on Wednesday after.
Moons at No. 2129 p street.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
Thanksgiving
HeadWear.

s2.ss for "a fine hat, stylishly trimmed with
silk velvet, feathers. flowers, or jet. You
couldn't buy as good elsewhere today or any
time for less than $780, SEQ the pointf $500
saved.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
CorSetS.

A new Corset for SOC that
is worth one dollar and is
guaranteed by us. We will
also sell the Mona" Corset
for S9c this day and tomor-
row. Corset L,aces thrown
in.
The morning times., 1896-11-27

Miss Ethel Camp, of 211S l. street, has
returned from a trip to the West.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
Lansburgh g. Bro.
Things You Will Need
Reduced in price
for this
Friday and Saturday.
Gloves,

73c gives you a pick of
all the new shades Ill a
quality of Gloves that sold
for S1.25.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
CHOSE THANKSGIVING
TO BECOME BRIDES
Several Pretty Weddings Among
the Days Functions.
ut n Tea-Social Notes and
Personals.

The social season OF 1S96-97 may be
announced as inaugurated yesterday after
noon by the ever hospitable Aiihi Club at
their old-rashioned home on l street.
The Thanksgiving tea which society has
become accustomed to expect as an annual
attention was held from until o'clock
and proved to be one of the most delightful
OF the many entertainments in the clubs
| history. There was no special decoration,
but the artistic rooms OF this convivial band
| of scholars, statesmen and soldiers were
| looking their prettiest for the reception
| of the wives daughters. sisters the cousins
| and the auntS of the members. Mrs. +. T.
Lorng, the wife of the genial doctor,
| received the guests and Mrs. Edward Nc
| Cauley presided at the tea table.
Among the pretty and charming maidenS
| who assisted these hoSpltablc matrons
were a number of the seasons debutantcs
as well as the favorites OF last year. Miss
| MrNiiilan, daughter OF the Senator from
Michigan was an especially agreeable aid
to Mrs Loring, other attractive bellies
being the Misses WctmOrc, ihc Misses hoy,
Miss Anderson, Miss Seckendorf, Miss
Glover and Miss Blanche Emory. whe is
shortly to be presented to society. Miss
| Emory is pronounced blonde and will he
one OF the prcUricst girls among the
coming bellies.
Among the guests were Mrs. Oiney, Mrs.
Anderson. Senator and Mrs. Hale, Senator
and Mrs Mcmillan, Judge and Mrs. Davis
Assistant Secretary of State and Mrs.
KocEhn and Miss Dorothy Rockhill, Mr..
and Mrs c. c. Glover, Mr.. md Mrs Richard
Townsend, Mr. and Mrs. Waiiach and the
Misses Wallach. Mr.. and Mrs. Mitchell
Mir and Mrs Hugh Legare, the Misses
ClagGett. Miss Keats-Rodsers, Mrs. SheTi-
dan and the Misses sheridan. Lieut.. AID
Mrs Emory, Senator Wetmore.
The morning times., 1896-11-27
Kings Palace,

s1s-s14 7,h St Branch. us Market space.
The morning times., 1896-11-27


ter, a prominent young lawyer and clubman
of Baltimore, and Miss Sara Carroll Dain-
gerfield. eldest daughter of Mrs. Reverdy
johnson Daingerfield, Of Alexandria. was
solemniZed at the Daingerfield residence
on Prince street. last evening in the pres
ence of almost 90 guests, exclusively rela-
tives and most intimate friends of the
families.
Tie ceremony was performed by the Rev
Felix McCarty. pastor of st. Marys Catholic
Church. A reception was held later, sup
per served and at a late hour the couple
took train for the North. They will
reside in Eutaw Place, Baltimore.
The bride was attended by her sisters,
Misses Eliza and Lottie Daingerfield, while
Mr. Bernard Carter, jr., brother Of the
groom, acted as best man. Mr.. Reyerdy
J. Daingerfield, her brother, gave the bride
away.
The bride wore n gown of white null,
and the bridesmaids were attired in white
organdie over white silk, and carried violets.
After "A reception. which followed the cere-
mony, Mr.. and Mrs. Carter left on the
$40 train for Washington, EN- route to
New York
Among the guests were Mt. Bernard Car
ter. father of the groom: Miss Alice Carter
Mrs. Charles G. Kerr, Mrs. McKim and
Mrs. Simpson, of Baltim ore; Mr.. and Mrs.
Henry Martin, Mrs. Burritt and Mr. Jesse
b, Brown. of Washing gton Mrs Hecksher and
Mrs. Loomis, of New York. and number
OF persons from Alexandria.
The ladies of the Irvington, 141 G K street,
have arranged very attractive program to
be given this evening, the pTocectis to lie
devoted to the building fund of st James
Church at Garrett Park, Nd. Among the
wel-known musicians who have consented
to contribute their services are Miss Casey,
Miss G!ennen, Miss Marie Young, DIR. Sci
bert and Mr.. Warren S. Young.
Miss Mary Elizabeth Grand Assheton
and Mr.. William II. Burch, both of North
east Washington, were married last even
ing at O'Clock at the Church of the Holy
Name.
Rev. Father Kervick, pastor, performed
the ceremony, which was witnessed by
large gathering of relatives and friends.
The service was simple one, there
being neither music nor attendants. The
bride was go wnedin bison broadcloth. com.
bined with self-shade velvet, and finished
with ivory lace. Her large hat was Of
tan felt trimmed with dark brown plumes