davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28

pensable ingredient of which is horse
manure, and in a steady temperature.
The manure should not be allowed
to get saturated with rains, but should
be kept fairly dry until it is ready to
form bed, and all the long straw or
other litter should be shaken out of 1t.
Manure can be used to grow them in
only by turning it over repeatedly to
get rid of its greatest heat. Usually
it is preferable to mix from e-fourth
its bulk to equal it's bulk with fresh
loan or good garden soil. OF course,
sufficient material should be ready be-
fore commencing to make the beds.
The latter may be of almost any size
or shape desired, but experience proves
that to have them from Q to 4 feet
wide and about 10 to 20 inches deep
answers the best. Where there is
plenty of room, it is a good plan to
make the beds more or less sloping at
the sides. Beds might also be made in
old tubs, or in casks sawed in two. BY
adopting this latter plan, the vessels
could, after being filed, be carried in
to the cellars or other parts of
dwelling houses where one would
not like to bring in the manure
in it's rough form. In forming the beds
the manure and soil should be packed
firmly together, layer by layer, with
mallet, or something similar. Their
mometer should then be placed at
some central point of the bed, it's bulb
being kept some three or four inches
below the surface The probability is
that the temperature in the bed will
rise for a few days and then begin to
lower. When it reaches about so de-
grees the bed is ready to spawn.
Spawn can be purchased in bricks OF
all Seedsmen to make start with, but
when mushroom culture is once COM
menced plenty of spawn can be had at
all times for planting new beds. The
bricks or pieces of spawn should be
broken to half the size of the hand
lengthwise, or less, before inserting in
the bed. These pieces should be placed
3 or inches deep and 10 to IL inches
apart. About ten days after spawning
spread over the surface of the bed
some to inches of nice, fresh loan,
and then wait for your crop. This
should begin to show a few weeks
later. varying somewhat according to
the temperature.
Sometimes it is possible to dispense
with watering the beds, this being
only necessary when the surface gets
quite dry. Then water carefully, US
ing water heated to about 100 degrees.
By making up beds at intervals of
eight or ten weeks throughout the
year, a continuous supply of mush-
rooms may be secured. AS a rule, how
ever, mushrooms grown in greenhouses
or other buildings are liable during
the hottest part of summer or early
fall to get spoiled by the maggots of
various flies, SO that 1t may be as we'll
to have an ''off" season, say the
months of July and August. 1t is to
be hoped that the consumption of this
valuable food-article will greatly In
crease in the near future - Ohio
Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
WATERING HORSES.
The Experience of an English Veterina-
rian in India.

The Experience of an English Veterina-
rian in India.
An English veterinarian writing to
the London Live Stock Journal says:
prejudice dies hard, but the hardest
of all to die in the minds of grooms is
that it is injurious to give horse a
drink of cold water when he is heated
from exercise. Years ago, when 1 used
to train horses for racing in India, 1
grappled with this prejudice, and chung
to it with such tenacity that used con-
stantly to have horses off their feed
after a strong gallop. One day / re-
turned to the messhouse very hot and
very tired after q long run, and sudden
ly thought fit to mentally put myself
in the place of race horse. Shall
have asked myself, "a better appetite
for breakfast if refrain from drinking
till 1 have cooled off or if have drink
right off?' Knowing that could not
eat heartily unless 1 had first of all
drink, took it, and thereupon felt SO
fit to eat, and went so strong over a
course of beefsteak, ham and eggs,
quail, mullins, ETC., that / resolved to
try the same treatment on my horses.
My lead was attained with such success
that nowadays all the trainers in India
give their horses about half bucket
Of cold water to drink Immediately
after a gallop, and with the best results
as regards the appetites and health.
l have not alone never seen, but have
never even heard or read of any harm
to hsrse from drinking cold water
when he was heated. / have, however,
seen hundreds of cases of collie occur
IN horses from drinking water after be-
ing fed on occasions when they had,
previous to eating, been deprived or
water for some time. Were all grooms
to take my advice as to watering, ]
am afraid that many an honest
and Woodworking veterinary surgeon
would find his income from collie cases
seriously diminished"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
AN IMMENSE SHARK.
'Ieasured Nearly Fifteen Feet and Weighed
About Five Hundred Pounds.

Ieasured Nearly Fifteen Feet and Weighed
About Five Hundred Pounds.
Antoine Joseph, an old whaling mate
now stationed as cook of the Corn field
lightship, Essex, Conn.,, hooked the
boss shark of the season recently. The
monster measured from nose to tip OF
tail IA feet inches, and weighed about
500 pounds. When Mr.. Joseph noticed
the shark under the lightship quarter,
he Immediately got out the shark fish
ing tackle and baited the hook with
round of Uncle Sans mess pork, which
Mr.. Shark very quickly made meal Of
and was towed alongside of the ship.
The gaffs were hoolsed on TO him and
he was hoisted on board. The sirloin
steaks being removed, he was cast back
into the sea for the Mantle parties to
take pictures of or some imaginative
reporter to write up as a sea serpent.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28

~ to be eliminated by the movement to
secure better highways and better
methods of getting them, is the annual
summer visiting bee enjoyed by the
male members of rural communities
who get together presumably for the
purpose of working" the roads. This
presumption, however, is wrong, in
most cases, as the real purpose of such
gatherings is for the farmers to ex-
change views on political and neighbor-
hood topics, tell stories, swap tobacco,
and do whatever else will contribute to
the restfr enjoyment of those assem-
bled.
At these meetings the rival village
wits contest with each other, with what
they term mind against mind, for the
plaudits of their hearers. The great
governmental questions are discussed
and argued at great length. The boys
indulge in jumping and wrestling
matches, while the maturer members
of the gatherings are content to white
and look on.
In the meantime the work of making
good road languishes the while. The
highway is left in a half-fnished state
to wait for repetition of the same poor
policy the following year. 1t is true
that now and then pathmaster is
found who believes that an honest days
work should be given in road-making
the same as in any other capacity, and
he compels every one to do the proper
thing. He lays the foundation for a
good road system in his district. But,
bless you! he renders himself so If
popular by his industry and his ambi-
ton that he is never permitted to hold
office the second time, and the follow
ing year an easy, sociable man who Is
fond of rest and gossip has charge. of
the highways.
It's real pity that these very restful
summer highway visiting bees are to
pass away, hlIt the fact is, the world lie
becoming so unitarian and practical
that it now demands something tangi-
BILE in the way of results in road max
ing.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
HOW TO ECoNoMrzE.
Never Buy Cheap Things Nor Things Tha
Arc Not Really Needed.

Never Buy Cheap Things Nor Things That
Arc Not Really Needed.
There is no falser economy than to
buy inferior goods. and this rule holds
good for food as well as for
clothes. A good material looks well
to the end, and can be washed or
cleaned and made up again in various
ways. It is better to have one we'll
made dress of good material than two
or three badly-made of poor stuff,
which will look shabby and untidy
after wearing once or twice. When
busting or sweeping an apron should
always be worn, and for any very dirty
work it is good plan to change the
dress, and wear an old one kept entire
ly for that purpose.
In household matters there are hun
dreds of ways in which economy can be
practiced. For instance, in any room
that is much used rug or strip of car
pet laid down near the door, where the
most wear comes, will save the carpet
and make it last twice as long.
White tablecloths should always have
table napkins spread at the end where
the carving goes on, SO that in case Of
any gravy being split only the napkins
need be washed instead of the entire
cloth.
In buying food always choose the
best. inferior meat and poor groceries
are really no cheaper in the end, for the
small amount saved by purchasing
them is often expended twice over in
paying doctors bills and buying medi-
hin fn of yul1i ah ira
caused by nothing but badly cooked,
inferior and indigestible food.
Good cooking is a great help to econ
omy, and is an art which should be
more cultivated than it is, for to know
how to make the best of everything and
the most tasty way of using up all kinds
of scraps is by no means to be despised.
Never buy anything that in not really
needed just because you see it in shop
and it happens to be cheap. In buying
groceries it is far more economical to
buy fairly large quantities and store
them than to buy small quantities
whenever needed. Eggs can be bought
in the summer when they are cheap
and stored for winter use, and spices,
rice, oatmeal, dried fruits, peas, can
dies, ETC., can be kept for long time if
properly stored. Keep currants and
raisins and other dried fruits in jars or
tins, with covers, where flies will not
be able to get to them. Tea and coffee
should be stored in tin boxes or jars
with tightly fitting lids SO that the air
is quite excluded.
A very economical plan, more fire.
quently followed abroad than in Eng
land, is to have stock-pot into which
all odd bits of meat and bone, veg
etables, and other odds and ends are
put, to be used for making soup. All
pieces of bread should be kept, made
crisp in the oven, powdered, and kept
in tin ready for frying. Pieces of
cheese. too dry for eating, can be pow
dered and used for flavoring macaroni
and other dishes to which cheese is an
improvement.
There are numberless ways in which
a careful housewife can save money
without making any appreciable diff
ference in the comfort and well being
of the inmates of the house, and it is a
curious fact that the best cooks are
frequently the most economical
Notes.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
"WoRkINon TIE ROADS.
An Ancient Custom Now Fortunately FALL


An Ancient Custom Now Fortunately FALL
ing Into Disuse.
There is no great loss without some
small gain" By the same token
there is no great gain without some
small loss. The new order of things
brought about by the good roads move
ment is likely to do away with one of
the pleasantest features of the social
life of farmers. At first thought this
seems doubly lamentable, inasmuch as
the social life of rural communities is
already notably restricted and barren.
The happy feature referred to as like
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
SHE COULDN'T KEEP UP, ANYWAY.

gether. Now, those girls are too in
tent on keeping the pace the young
men set to get into mischief. They are
going to get to Claremont in the fifty
minutes time limit, and the girl who
keeps up hest with the boys is the
favorite. They don't dismount except
for few moments before returning.
1t is the athletic spirit again, and all
very favorable to the release of the
chaperon from many of her duties.
Such thing wouldn't have been heard
of five or six years ago, where we were
ultra English. Then chaperon was
indispensable, and the proudest boast
of society mother was that her daugh-
ter had never been left alone moment
from her birth to the time she was
handed over to sNme young man at
the altar"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28

tillate a new idea if her brains were
properly rubbed. Her white crepon
dinner gown, touched up with cool,
green velvet and Valenciennes lace,
was faultless, and harmonized with the
youthful face under it's pompadour
frame of prematurely white hair. She
had been congratulated ON the over
whelming success of her last charity
project, and not care disturbed her
serenity. Everybody knows that this
woman, with her unassailable position
due to birth, wealth and natural lead
ership, can afford to point new way
even if a hundred other women have
not discovered the possibility of leaving
the old one.
Bicycling was the subject. In the
midst of a breezy description of the
possible appearance of certain society
women as chaperons aboard bicycles
the hostess flung her little bomb.
''Didn't you know that chaperons
are not insisted on now for girls who
bicycle?"
a couple of elderly dinner guests who
na@returned to the drawing-room in
time to catch the question looked
amused, and the satirical one of the
pair smiled an appropriate smile as
she said:
"Ah! no doubt the bicycle will be
very popular in that case"
The hostess laughed.
'That expresses it, and, of course,
you will try a wheel at once. 1t seems
ridiculous to think of the bicycle hav-
ing hand in the downfall of chape-
rons, but it appears very much that
way now This is my experience. l
have two sons. Both my boys disap-
pear every pleasant da7 for several
hours. When they come back, if | ask
where they have been, the answer is:
Out with the girls bicycling
"'Who went?' and they mention a
couple of girls who are going into So
ciety next season. AS to chaperons,
never one is heard OF. L have been
talking this over with the mothers Of
several girls. They agree that when
their daughters go out with their BIZ
cycles they never think to ask where
they may be going or to suggest the
necessity of a chaperon. They know
that when a couple of girls start to-
gether somewhere very shortly a
couple of boys meet them. Usually
the gang as they express it. gets to-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28

Telephone wires seem to have an inn
portant influence in preventing light
ming from striking, according to the in
designations of the German telegraph
department. Three hundred and forty
towns with telephone saystems and 500
towns without them were under obser-
,ation. In the former the lightning
struck three times for every hour of
storm; in the latter five times. More
over, the violence of the lightning was
much less in the former cases.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28

attention. There is an ease and nov
city about this business which should
make it attractive, not only to all
amateurs for home use, but to COM
mercial gardeners near all large
towns. The profits are large, in COM
parison with the outlay of material
and labor necessary. Fifty to sixty
cents pound wholesale can be OBJ
tanned without the least difficulty.
It's necessary to success that they
be grown in very rich soil, the indis-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
THE oHApERoNs DOWNFALL.

How the Bicycle Has Inaugurated an IN
terestIng Revolution.
The bicycle has a new function. IL
Is relegating the chaperon to her
proper sphere 1t is not good-by nor
long farewell to the dowagers on duty.
They will wag as long as society
swings But in the last year there has
been tightening of the letters that
fasten society girl to her chaperon's
side, and this, too, in the innermost
circles, the approval of which makes a
custom good form.
This is how the change was described
by one of the moving spirits in the po-
tential clique of New York's most de-
sirable society.
This white-haired young matron was
In an after-dinner mode, ready to scin-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
A TYPICAL CONSERVATIVE.

His wife said that Jones was conserve,
tive"
And think he was; at least will give
To Jones the benefit of ev'ry doubt
And every trick of tongue, to help him out,
And say when men his memory revile:
20! speak not thus of him, it was his style;
He was conservative"
He titled his acres with the poorest tools,
He took no weekly papers, and the schools
Would all have closed could he but had his
The buildings gone to wreck. "It doesn't
pay"
He said, Ito. cram the children's heads
with stuff.
If they can read and write, why, that's
enough"
o, thought conservatives
What though to save had always been his
bent,
What though he scraped and grasped fol
ev'ry cent,
Not always caring for the wrong or right
So long as gold and silver was in sight,
What mattered it to him what men might
say
About, or to him, this was e'er his way;
He was conservative.
He worked his wife to death, in doors and
out;
She was mortgage LITTER" there's no
doubt
Then Jones worked on alone. bewailing
fate
That had deprived him of running mate.
Till finally there came the fatal blow
In innovations he b'lieved not, you know,
Being conServatiVe.)
1.-The roads must be improved" somebody
said.
'"rhe roads," cried Jones. ''why, sir, you're
mad
The roads is good enough jest as they air;
To fix 'em we've got sods an dirt to spare.
Ny father and grandfather drove afore,
And 1, till now, and can drive 'em more,
I'm so conservative.
"Such tax, If laid, would be perfect steal
In Unrest of the dude that rides wheel.
A benefit! no faint, that's what say;
We amt a-gettin nothin' fur our hay,
And jist suppose we could draw bigger
loads
More hay won't grow because we've got
good roads;
It's too conservative"
In spite of all that. Neighbor Jones could
do
The roads were rounded up, stone-surfaced
too;
The farmers drew their loads of grain that
way,
The roads were lined with wheels and
buggies gay.
Land owners paid their tax, well satisfied,
And Jones paid his; then went to bed and
died
An act conservative.
Will Templer. in Orange Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
MUSHROOM CULTURE.
An Industry Which Is Attractive as Well
as Profitable.

An Industry Which Is Attractive as Well
as Profitable.
1t is mystery why mushrooms are
not more widely appreciated il. this
country as an article of food for it is
well-known fact that the economic
value of mushroom diet is placed Sec
ond to meat alone We're the people
of Russia and parts of Germany to see
our woods and clearings during the au-
tumn rains, they would feast on the
rich food which in most places here
goes to waste. Indeed, it is the cpl
cures who appreciate this food and are
not slow to pay fancy prices for it in
the market
During til season when mushrooms
can be gathered, people neglect the
butcher to a considerable extent.
Mushrooms, as has been stated by Prof.
Palmer in one of his works, make the
same use of the air we breathe as is
made by animals; when cooked they
resemble no other form of vegetable
food, and in decay their odor in some
cases cannot be distinguished from pu-
trid meat. Certain it is the parasol-
like growth used for food, and which
springs up in a night, Is not plant In
any sense. 1t more nearly resembles a
flower, bearing, as it does, the spores
that are analogous to seeds. The true
plant which feeds, grows and finally
prepares to flower, is the network Of
whitish threads which form what IL
commonly known as the ''spawn," or,
botanically, the mycelium of the mush-
room.
It is to the garden, or indoor culture
OF the common mushroom, agaricus
eampestris. that we desire here to call
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
A RECEPTACLE FOR SHOES.

they are kept in place. Il may be COW
cred with white duck from an old gown
that is no longer serviceable and edged
with fall of coarse lace about the top.
Use only small parasol, and if you
have not frame of the right size you
may fashion an umbrella shaped bag,
so constructed that the effect will be
that of half open parasol.-N. Y.
Herald
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28

6,l,v at distance, without personal examl-
nation Of the patient Thus Brgnts ST P {he
Hisdder Gravel, and other Diseases of the
Urinary Organs, Liver Complaint" Dys-
nepsia. or Indigestion, Dropsy and many
other maladies are successfully treated ana iS,
cured without personal consultation Will
Nervous Debility, whether resulting from
over-study, worry, disappointment, or Ga from
nv nrenicious secret habits contracted In
Youth, through ignorance of their ruinous
through correspondence, the necessary
medicines being sent by mail or express.
Write for question blanks, or describe. your
case, send sample of urine for analysis ana
enclose Fl cents for postage on 1000 page
Book which contains photographs ana
names and addresses of vast NUMBERS
of people cured in this way. Address,
WORLDS DIsPENsARY MEDICAL AssocIA-
TON, Buffalo, N. Y.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
ABOUT LAYING TILE.
This Article Tells How TO Do the Work In
the Right Wav.

This Article Tells How TO Do the Work In
the Right Way.
In using the drains it is sometimes
absolutely necessary to change the
pitch of the drain, but in locating the
drain in the beginning such selection
should be made as will permit the
change Of pitch from a slower to a
faster current as shown in the lower
diagram of our sketch. In this case
sediment will not be deposited at the
point where change of grade is made,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28

WRONG AND RIGHT WAY OF LAYING TILE.
as it would be were the grade changed
as shown in the upper diagram. Here
there is slacl1ening of the current,
and any silt in suspension in the water
will in part, at least, be dropped at the
point where the water in the drain be-.
gins to run more slowly.--American
Agriculturist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
q A s p A r d

EIDELTFY AND DEPOSIT COMPANY or
l. MARYLAND
CAPITAL $4,000
Becomes Security ON FIDELITY and JUDI
GAL Bonds-Co1poration Security IS The
best.
Because lit relieves business men and per
sons possessing property from tht
necessity of saying No."
2.-It enables heirs and next of kin Il
become trustees executors anC
ambassadors.
Sit relieves persons required to give
bonds from mourning obligations
by asking friends 10 become Sc
curly for them, and which they
would feel bound to reciprocate
when the opportunity came
Alt presents undue influence over
employees
b.-it lnsures supervision over the
bonded.
Sit guarantees prompt payment OF
lit affords persons or no property OF
friends OF financial standing 10
obtain positions of trust and emo
lument.
S.-When once adopted il is never
abandoned.
Sit has for its directors some of the
best known and most substantial
men Ofthe Stale and for its Officers
the following gentlemen:
Lloyd l.. jackson, Pres; w. Crawford Black
Edwin Warfield, Nice-PreSidentS; Herman
DtuNs nd fTNNs.sa
Hammond, General Counsel n. WinnsloU
Williams, Assistant Counsel.
II you have bond ofany description to gi 1
call at my office and get rates before going 10
irlends WI might for reasons best known 10
themselves Se compelled to say mo"
w. IRVING PARSONS,
Real Estate & Loan Agent
Mutual Insurance Building
FIR derrick. Nd.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28

Chappy- What's the latest thing 10
trousers?
Tailor-The bloomer girl.--.N. r
World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
RECEPTACLE FOR SHOES.
How q Clever Girl Made Use of q Di
carded Outing ParasOl.

carded Outing ParasOl.
A returned summer girl has found a
novel use for her discarded outinrs par
asol. She has removed one-half of it
and fitted it with a fat back of paste
board, as shown in the illustration, COW
ering both this and the outside of the
remaining half with cretonne to match
the furnishings of her room. Each seq
ment is furnished with lining, which
forms the pocket for pair of dainty
slippers or shoes, and as the pocket is
no deeper than the length of the shoes.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-08-28
AcHEMIcAL ANALYSIS

and a careful micro
scopical examina-
ton of the urine, IS
a valuable aid in
determining the
nature of many
chronic diseases,
particularly those
.of the nervous
system, blood, liv;;
er, kidneys, and
bladder. These
aids make it pos
sible to treat such
diseases success