The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1896-08-21
LORD RUSSELL FOR PEACE,
CONTINUED From First Page)

Bureau international de la PAX re-
cords the fact that some ~ voluntary
peace associations exist, OF which some
" are ia Europe and - In America.
Several Congresses have been held IN
Europe TO enforce the same object. and
IN 1873 there was established at Ghent
the "Instiiut du Droit International.
the declared object. OF which f. 10 put
International Law on a scientific roofing.
TO discuss and clear UP moot points. and
TO substitute system OF rules conform
able TO right for the blind chances OF
force and the lavish expenditure Of hu-
man life.
In 1873 also the Association for the Re
form and CodiAcation OF the Law OF Ma
lions was formed. and II is to-day pursu-
Ing active Propaganda under the name
Of the international Law Association.
which II adopted IN 1894. II also has pub
lshed report affirming the need OF
system OF International Arbitration
In 1858 a Congress OF Spanish and
American Jurists was held at Lisbon. az
which il was resolved that II was indlS-
penssble that a Tribunal or Arhitra'ion
should be constituted with a view 10
avoid the necessity OF war between ma
tons.
Rut more hopeful stll-the movement
has spread 10 legislative representative
bodies. As far back "a 1893 the senate
OF Massachusetts, proclaimed the neces-
sity for some peaceful means OF reconci-
ing international differences, and afiirm-
ed the expediency Of establishing Court
Of Nations.
In 1880 the Senate and the House OF
Representatives OF the United states
adOpted a concurrent resolution. request
ing the President 10 make use or any m
occasion to enter into negotiations Win
other Governments. to the end that any
difference or dispute. which could not De
adjusted by diplomatic agency. might be
referred TO arbitration and peacefully adj
iusted by such means.
The British House Of Commons In 1923
responded by passing unanimously re-
solution expressive OF the satisfaction
felt with the action OF Congress, and OF
the hope that the Government OF the
queen would lend its ready cooperation
to give effect TO II. President cleve' 40
officially communicated this last reSoiu-
ton 10 Congress. and expressed ms graft
dcaton that the sentiments OF TWO great
and kindred nations were thus authorl'a-
tivelv manifested in favor Of the ma
tionol and peaceahle settlement Of inter-
national Quarrels by recourse 70 honoF-
ablo arbitration The Pariamcnts or
Denmark. Norway. and Switzerland and
tine French Chamber Of Deputies have
followed suit ---.
RECENT EFFORTS.
Il seemed ominentlv desirable that there
should be some agency. by which mem
beers OF the great Demonstratve ana
legislative Bodies OF the world interested
i'm this far-reaching question should meet
on a common ground and discuss the
basis FOR common action.
With this object there has recently been
founded "rhe Permanent Parliamentary
Committee IN favor OF Arbitration and
Peace" or as 10 is sometimes called.
'.The Inter-Parllsmentsry Union. This
Union has a permanent organization-lts
office is at Berne. It's members are NOT
vain Idealists. They are men or Inc
world. They DO not claim 10 be rfgenefa-
tors OF mankind. nor do they promise the
millennium but they are doing honest ana
useful work in making straighter ana less
difficult. the path Of intelligent prosres9'
Their FIRST formal meeting was heid w
Paris I'm 1850 under the presidency OF me
late NJ. Jules Simon. their second IN lNN
i'm London under the presidency OF L"Iu
rrerscheu ex-Lord Chancellor OF Great
pri,,tr. their third I'm 1871 az Rome under
tre nresidcncy Of Signor Rianchier; their
f,r~th I'm 1922 az Berne under the presi-
d.~rv Of NJ Itroz: their hf;h ~ 1924 -
ths Hague under the presidency OF NJ J.
Robinson: their sixth IN 1880 az bfu-,r-
under the presidency Of ". beschainpS'
s,9 choir seventh viii. 10 j. arranged De
hold this wear az Buda-Pesih. SPEAKING
I'm this place ] need only REFER ~ tsslns'
r. the remarkable Ian-Americah congress
held i'm your states in $3.50 al the instance
Of the late AR. Blaine, directed 10 the
same peaceful object.
II il obvious therefore. that the senii-
r,e,, f,, nesre and In favor a Arbitra-
tom a. the alternative Cor war. IS grow
in, apa.e How has that sentiment toll
on the Iirec. action ~ nations2 How Ia
have they shaped their policy according
m its methods The answers 70 those
orestion= are also hopeful and encourae-
Exner,ence has shown that. over large
area international differences may non
orahlv practically and usefu!iy be deait
with by peaceful aroitrament lheIe
have been since ISIS some sixty instances
OF effective international aroitration 10
thirtv-two ~ thee the United states have
been a party and Great Britain to some
twenty OF them
IN TREATIES
There are many instances also OF the
introduction Of Arbitration clauses INFO
treaties Here again the United States
appear in the van. Amongst the nrst OF
such treaties-f not the very hrst-is the
Guadaloupe- Hidalgo treaty Of lsis be-
tween the United States and Mexico.
since that date many other countries have
followed this example. In the year 1913
Signor Mancini recommended that, in all
treaties to which Italy was party. such
a clause should be introduced. Since the
treaty Of Washington such clauses have