davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
THE ROMAN ROADS.
some of Them Are still In Use and Call
No Repairs.

Some
for No Repairs.
The Roman road was built for eter-
nify When the roadbed had been pre-
pared by excavation it was carefully
refiIled, regardless of expense, with
layers of sand, stones and cement The
surface was so solidly dressed that the
wear and tear was reduced to a mimi
mum. Investigations with regard to
the preparation of the roadbeds were
made years ago by Bergier on Roman
roads that are still in use in France, and
with the following results: In one road
the excavation down to hardpan was
three feet deep. This trench was filled
up first with a layer of sand and cement
an inch thick; then came foot layer of
flattish stones and cement; then a foot
LAYER of small travelled stones and
cement. These last two layers were so
hard and firmly knit together that tools
could break off fragments only with
great difficulty. The next layer con-
sisted of foot of cement and sand,
covered with a top-dressing of gravel.
In another road in France the foot layer
of cement and sand changed places
with the layer of cement and travelled
stones. A third road in France was ex-
amined at a point where 1T had been
raised 20 feet above the level of the sur
rounding country, and vertical sec
ton revealed a structure of five layers.
First came the great fill of 16Ha feet;
on top of this fill they placed first a
foot layer of f1attish stones and cement,
then a foot layer of 1attish stones with
out mortar of any kind, then half-foot
layer of firmly-packed dirt, then
half-foot layer of small gravel in hard
cement, and, lastly, a half-foot layer
of cement and large gravel.
Paved roads were exceptional. An
example of paved roads is the Via APP
pia, whose pavement consists of a hard
kind of stone, such as is used for mill
stones. The stones of this pavement
are carefully hewn and fitted together
so precisely that the road often appears
to be solid rock, and has proved to be
so indestructible that after 1000 years
of continuous use it is still a magnifi-
cent road. Ordinarily, however, the top
dressing of the road consisted of gravel
and hard cement, and when, in the
countless inscriptions such and such
u governor is said to have restored
given road, reference is made to this top
dressing of gravel and cement. The
width of the military road was usually
60 feet; the raised center being 20 feet
wide, with side tracks each of the width
of 20 feet. In some roads the raised
center was paved, while the side tracks
were dressed with gravel and cement.
The viae privatae and the feeders OF
the military roads were usually dirt
roads. They were much narrower than
the military roads; sometimes they had
width of only ten feet, and, indeed,
the feeders of the Via Appia were only
two feet wide, but paved. The width of
the Roman roads, all told, varied, there
fore, from two TO 100 feet.-N. Y. In
dependent.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
THE cuRRANr WORM.
Information Supplied by the Indiana Ex-
pertinent station.

Information
pertinent station.
A bulletin from the Indiana expert
ment station says: The currant worm,
or, more properly, the .gooseberry saw
fly, was introduced into this country
from Europe about the year 1857. COM
ing. as did the imported cabbage but
tcrfiy, by way of Canada. IL Is prob
able, however. that Ia was landed Mt
other points along our eastern coast.
Like most of our imported insects. IL
spread very rapidly. until now IL COW
crs the greater portion of the United
States.
This fly belongs 90 the order n.y.
mcnoptera. which includes the bees.
wnsps and ants. II Is known TO en-
tomologists ms kind of connecting
link between this order and the
Lepidoptera. to which belong the moths
and butterflies. The adults maks their
appearance soon after the leaves of
the currant and Rooseberry bushes
come forth. The female lays her eggs
along the principal veins on the under
side of the leaf. These hatch in about
ten days, and the young larvae may be
detected by the minute holes which
they have eaten through the leaves.
AS they approach maturity they be-
come ravenous eaters. soon stripping
the bushes of their foliage. They then
seek for secluded place in which tn
pupate, and in about four or five weeks
the second brood makes it's appearance
and the same process is gone through
as before.
Remedy.-The most successful RENE.
dy yet discovered for this insect is
white hellebore. Dust little of the
powder over the infested bushes while
they are damp, either early in the
morning or just after a shower. Il
this is done promptly, before the worms
have spread all over the bushes, one O,
two applications will usually be suf.
ficient.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
FARM AND GARDEN.
DRAINAGE OF ROADS.
NJ LIS of the Utmost Importance to tho
Preservation of Highways

NJ. xa n, the Utmost Importance to tho
Preservation of Highways
With wet or clayey roadways, surface
drainage alone is not sufficient. With
out undertakings the crown of such
rcacivvays will dry only by slow process
of evaporation, during which time The
ss,uDin.- becomes more and more rutted
by the passing traffic. a subdrain in
such soil will not prove efficient Tor
more than about IL feet on each side;
hence, two lines of longitudinal sub
drains are needed on those parts of our
country roads that pass through wet
,,llaces, low-lying lands or clayey soils.
They should have an average fall of
about one in one hundred; minimum
faU one in one thousand. AT short in
fervals, say from SO to 100 feet apart, are
placed cross drains to discharge the wa
ter into the side bitches. These cross
drains receive greater fall, say up to
ono in thirty Generally two and one
half to three-inch pipes are sufficient.
Ii rs advantageous to bed these tiles in
axeU-drained brick fragments and to
cover them with road metal. Be certain
that the tiles are correctly laid and that
nothing interferes with their free dis
charge. AS said before, unglazed round
tiles, about three inches in diameter
and, under certain conditions, jointed
with loose collars, are most suitable for
subdrains. The bottom of the tiles
should be laid both to the proper grade
and below the frost line, after which the
tile trench is filled UP to subgrade with
clean gravel, small field stones, road
snefai, or broken bricks. The cross
drains are also made of unglazed tiles,
with the exception of their outlet sec
fiot,S which should consist of Vitrified
culverJ pipes. Regular branch pipes
should connect the longitudinal and
Cross tiles. On level reaches the lateral
roadway slopes for surface drainage
should not be less than one in twenty
four, and side bitches should be pro-
vfded, If necessary, as previously in
Dictated. Finally, rapid discharge of
the side bitches, if required, through cd
Jacent lands, is of the utmost i'm
portance to roadway preservation
Gen Roy Stone.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
Feeding Pea Meal to Hogs.

Pea-meal is rich in protein, which,
when peas are fed to hogs, goes to build
up the muscles or red meat. The peas
should be ground with oats or corn, US
dng two parts of the former to three of
The latter for pigs and shoats, and one
part peas and four of corn-meal for
older animals. To build up the lean meat
OF the hog to give strong bones,
shorts should be fed. Bran. mixed witt,
corn-meal, shorts or some other similar
feed, will prove excellent for breeding
or stock hogs, but it is too coarse and
-chaff-Iilze for use in large quantities in
hog feeding.-Dakota Field and Farm.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
ORCHARD AND GARDEN.

All fruit for market should be handled
carefully.
Keep up planting of sweet corn for
roasting ears.
When there is a crop of fruit send only
the best to market, and have it in good
condition.
While no variety of plums is free from
curculio, keeping the trees healthy will
help materially.
Peach trees suffer most and pear and
cherry least from standing in a thick
growth of grass.
If pruning is neglected for the first
few years the removal of large limbs
may be necessary.
If piece of land is to be planted to
small fruits this fall grow some hard
crop on it this summer.-St. Louis Re
public.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
FIG. /.


plant in one season. The plant is put
in Il very rich bed, deeply trenched and
enriched the year previously with all
the manure that can be mixed thereon.
The plant then set, work the soil about
it frequently, but not deep. Remove
all the runners that appear at first. AS
the plant gains strength, permit the
runners to remain, and draw them out
in all directions from the parent plant,
laying a small stone over each where
the leaves appear. (See Fig. ~ When
rooted, separate them, set them from
four to six feet apart each way, and
treat them in the same manner as just
described above for the parent plant.
Continue this course, watering in time
of drought with diluted liquid manure.
Soil so rich as that is not desirable for
producing fruit. but is just the thing
for growing more plants.
Propagating the black raspberry is
also easy to perform. IT we observe
closely the plants in the woods and
learn the nature of self-propagation we
would be more benefited thcrefrom. We
observe the blacl1cap, with it's long canes
dropping the tips to the rich loose
ground, where they coil and assume n
snakish appearance and send out root
| lets into the rich soil, thus forming a
new plant. The natural mode of self
propagation is almost unknown in a
great many places nowadays, since the
woods are being cleared out, as the
winds have full sway, swinging the
plants to and fro, forbidding them fix
| ing their tips in the ground. Natural
| conditions have been changed to some
extent, and now nature has to be as
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18

HOW TO KEEP MILK RECORD.
with scales for weighing. Tack to the
board some loose sheets of writing
paper, as shown in the cut, and as the
milk from each COW is drawn weigh it
and put the record in black and white
or the paper. Each sheet may be ruled
for seven days. With such a record
one can see instantly what cows re-
spond, and to what extent, to increase
of feed. Don't keep a COW without
knowing whether or not she is doing
the square thing by you when you are
doing the square thing by her.-N. Y.
Tribune.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
FIG. 2,

sisted somewhat to fill the deficiency.
Just after the fruit has been gathered is
the time to commence tipping" your
plants. Cultivate the soil very finely
and dig little holes two to three inches
deep, and bend the tip ends of the canes
into them perpendicularly, not slant
ingly, and cover with dirt to hold them
in place. (See Fig. 2.) By following
this method attentively it is possible
to make above a hundred plants from a
vigorous plant in a season.
The red raspberry and blackberry
are propagated from the roots sprout-
ing up. 1t is quite an item to the farmer
and fruit grower to understand propa-
CATION; they may just have only one
plant of a rare variety and increase it
to many the same season, thus getting
a start very cheaply, even if they do
pay a big price for the first ones. c.
Vaughn, in Farm and Fireside.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18

chance. If the well is not large enough
ft:r a square frame, a stout hoop can be
used, thus economizing space. 1t is
surprising how nicely milk and many
other articles can thus be kept in a
deep well, even in extraordinary hot
weather. 1t is equally surprising how
many families fail to use this simple
device, which is SO easily made and so
very convenient.-OrangeJ Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
He.vny-L.den fruit Trees.

When a tree is allowed to bear a
full crop of apples it costs the tree more
to produce the seeds than the pulp.
Every apple left on the tree, whether
the fruit is good or not, taxes the tree
and the land. If one-ha1f of the fruit of
heavily-laden tree is removed by
picking, the remaining fruit will be of
better quality and also produce as many
bushels as though all of the fruit had
remained on the tree.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
MARKETING PRODUCE.

Handy Box for Carrying Small Fruit, But
ter and Eggs.
Many farmer goes to market carry
ing fruit, butter, eggs, and a number of
other articles. A convenient package
for his use is shown herewith. The box
has bail for carryingApurposes. One
side. instead of the top, is hinged, dis
closing shelves when opened. Fruit,
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
THE WAY TO SUCCEED.

Keep . Milk Record According to the
Plan Here Described.
To know something of what the cows
are doing it is necessary to keep a record
of the milk from day to day. Hang up
a bit of board and pencil in the stable,
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
R MARKETING PRODUCE.

BOX FOR MARKETING PRODUCE.
butter, eggs and other small articles
can be placed on these shelves. and
reached instantly without disturbing
other articles, which is not at all the case
when the package opens at the top
Orange Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18
A DAIRY CONVENIENCE.

SimpIe But E1ceIIent Device Tor Hang cling
Milk in Wells.
Where ice is not at hand, the custom
of hanging milk cans in the well, for
GOODNESS, is often practiced. The il
Illustration shows a device for holding
four cans securely within the well, with
a chance to draw up water between the
cans, the curved iron rods affording this
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18

The milking should never be hurried
but the milk be drawn steadily and as
At flows.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18

Butter once thoroughly warmed
through will lose its flavor.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-07-18

sHAKEspEARE ANSWERED.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-01-02
PUFElNG The PLAY.
"a New York Success s"-Abuse of
Press Courtesy.

"a New York Success "-Abuse of
Press Courtesy.
The United States Is a broad and busy
cellent journals, says the Forum. AS is
natural and unavoidable, these gener-
ally take their tone In treating dra-
matte affairs from those Of the metropo-
lis. What Is said and done In New
York about plays and actors Is publish
ed all over the union as quickly as the
wires and press can spread the news.
Consequently the thea trical business Of
the entire country is managed from
New York. That Is why actors, man.
ayers and the minor personages Of
stage life flock to New York. That il
why for many years past 1t has been
possible for the willy speculator In rot
ten dramatic lumber 10 set up fiimsy
stage structure, held together only by
the adhesive qualities Of paint and
printers ink, and-by keeping New
York theater open and empty for its
exhibition for a stated term of weeks
at the expense of $1,000 or $4,000
week. and by continual Fostering OF
the good-natured journalistic obtain
a sufficient amount Of notice of his
'great New York successr' to enable
him to travel throughout the country
with his 'show," and gather rich har-
vest from those who are eager to see
what sort Of plays please the people Of
the great city.
OF course the "show" soon falls to
pieces from the weight or Its own
worthlessness, and the seeds OF general
contempt for New York's good taste
In theatrical matters are sown broad
cast But no matter. The enterprising
speculator, now well In funds, returns
to New York and Is soon upon the full
tide of ano.ner like venture. Year af-
ter year this sort Of thing goes on. But
the people of the East, South and West
are becoming wise and wary. The
business" Is not so good now as 1t
once was In those often-deluded sec
tions. One of the roots Of our theatri-
cal troubles upon which the AK should
fay quickly and sharply is this abuse
of the press courtesy-first extended In
good nature toward the struggling ar
tist, but now demanded as a right by
the Grassland "show boomer"
=
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-01-02
STRIKE is SETTLED.
PhiladeIphia'sS Street Car Trouble Has
Been Satisfactorily Adjusted.


Been satisfactorily Adjusted.
The great trolley strike in Philadelphia
is ended. John Wanamaker is the man
who brought about the settlement sue
ceeding where all others failed. He was
aided in the work by members of the
Christian League. The basis of settle
ment follows:
First--While the Union Traction Com
pany will only treat with the workmen in
its employ, il will allow them member
ship in any lawful organization; second,
it will take up all grievances and give
them full and fair consideration; third,
it will. so far as ii has vacant places, inn
medately put on the old men. and as fast
az vacancies arise will give preference to
the old men yet unemployed. and en-
deavor to arrange the trips of the cars TO
favor the old men as far as possible with
out violating its contracts with the new
men. The questions of compensation and
hours are left for future determination.
The battle has mainly been fought on
the question of the employees member
ship in the Amalgamated Association of
Street Railway Employees. which the COM
pany has persistently refused to recognize.
The new men engaged since the strike be-
gan number nearly 1000. There were
about 5000 strikers. Wanamaker sub
mitted the ideas embraced in the settle
ment to the strikers. They accepted
them, and in turn submitted them TO the
company. Considerable correspondence
and many conferences followed, and final
ly announcement was made that both
side had agreed TO the terms. To proper
ly round out the matters mass meeting
Of the strikers was held for the purpose of
ratification. Here the strike was official
ly declared off, all the leaders were called
upon for speeches, and there was verit-
able love feast.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-01-02

Now is the time to resign from the
militia.
As ion-tamer Uncle Sam is a great
success.
God save the Queen! She isn't to
blame for ii.
In the meantime Venezuela will great
ly oblige by not stopping over.
1t is well to be firm, but do not go off
half-cocked. That is no way to shoot.
The present little furry will either re-
tard Canadian annexation for several
years or will precipitate it in a hurry.
A nation which i'm the nineteenth CEN
tury will refuse to arbitrate need not ex-
pect to get any sympathy when IT is re-
buked..
Even If he had no Monroe doctrine to
sustain, Uncle Sam would oppose, on
humane grounds, the vivisection of a
neighbor.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-01-02
ROBBED BY MASKED MEN.

One of I'd Corrigan's Employees Re-
Iieved of the Track Receipts.
In San Francisco four masked robbers
held mp Mission street car returning
from Ingleside and robbed Reuben Clarke.
an employe of the Pacific Coast Jockey
Club, of the receipts of the day, said to
aggregate $1,000. Clarke and two other
men were shot by the robbers, but it is be-
lieved none of the wounds would prove
fatal, although Clarke will probably lose
one of his legs. The robbery occurred in
q lonely place eight miles from the city.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-01-02

We to existing
this hemisphere
With
controlling
FyomM Monoesme o Congress 4 December
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-01-02
May BE 475, 100000 BusheIs.

May be 4JO,OOOsOOO Duenels.
As the cereal year progresses the inn.
preston continues to grow, so far as the
wheat crop in the United States is con-
cerned, that it has been materially under
estimated. According to Bradstreet's
the official figures as to the size OF the
crop, or the interpretations of earlier of
fetal wheat crop reports, placed the total
probable outturn at about 39O,OOO,OOO
bushels. At the present time trade esti-
mates in very few, If any, instances put
the probable aggregate yield at less than
AGO, 900 900 bushels-and the end is prob
ably not yet. in the matter of revised fig
ures. This, in view of comparatively mod
crate exports of wheat and -four thus far
during the cereal year, continues to per-
petuate the dominance of bear influences
in the worlds wheat markets.
Some of our optimistic foreign friends
are even now inclined to think the wheat
crop here may amount to 475,OOO.OOO
bushels, as against 52O,OO0,OOO bushels
last year. Canada comes out with an es-
timated increase of about 1O,OOO,OOO
bushels, and Argentina is now expected
to show 100000 bushels. although only
a month or two ago 60,0O0,O00 bushels
was accounted high estimate, the out
put last year having heen rather under
5000 900 bushels. AS against this. how
ever, it is becoming probable that Aus
tralia is likely to be an importer rather
than an exporter of wheat. In fact, she
has already begun'to import wheat
The Crop in Russia.
In Russia, most important source of
supply, the minister of agriculture es-
Inmates the crop of the European prov
inces at 122 600, 900 bushels less than last
year. but this is deemed too low. las the
official estimates usually are" and it is
generally supposed that the production of
Russia and Poland together will not be
more than SS,OO0,000 bushels less than
ra3. year. Russia generally has larger
surplus from previous crops. and 1t is this
reserve which will enable her to keep the
countries.
One of the more conservative estimates
of the worlds production of wheat in
1895 places it at 9, ,416, 100000 bushels. as
contrasted with 2,560, ,0OO, 900 bushels in
1894. n falling off of about IA 200. .0OO,-
900 bushels, the significance of which is
gathered from the fact that the general
consensus of opinion as to the approx
innate total worlds annual consumption
of wheat is about =. .4O0,OOO,O0O bushels.
With production this year of only 2,416.-
OOO.0 bushels of wheat i'm the face of
estimated requirements amounting to .,
40Ol00O,00O bushels. stocks Of wheat car
ried over from the Outturn of 1894 and
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-01-02
Prices Likely to Go Up.

and have undoubtedly been relatively
small.
Prices Likely to Go Up.
The worlds available stocks,of wheat,
those in sight on land and aHoat, are not
smaller this year than they were last,
Notwithstanding the heavy decline in pro-
duction. Either the invisible supplies
must be smaller than customary Except
in Russia, of course, which are believed
to be large), or there Is likely to be, as is
generally the case, more than ''enough to
go around" Quite certain is il, however,
that 1886 is likely to eat well into the
worlds old and new cereal stocks of
wheat, and that the following cereal year,
at least, may witness considerable price
stimulus to the cultivation Of the cereal.
This is not quite as bullish view of
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1896-01-02
Chill and Uru.
lus. 4S,000,00O 30, 100000
!, ,bu 3S4 10000 406, 400. 900

Iotaf surplus. 4S,OOO,OOU Jo,SUO,OOO
Total surplus, ,bu. 1854 ,00O, 600 406, 10000
This estimate was formed when the
Argentine production was expected to be
not much, if anything. over that of last
year; but should it amount to SO,OO0,OO0
bushels, then one may take the available
surplus for the current year to be about
400. 100000 bushels. Great Britain re-
quires to import 2O0,0OO,O00 bushels,
France about 20,00O,O00 bushels, Bel
gium. Germany and Holland together
about S6.O00.O00 bushels, Italy about 2S.-
100000 bushels the rest of Europe about
44.00O0O0 bushels, and the West Indies,
China. Brazil, ETC.. about 2S,O0O.0O0 bush
els-in all. say 4O6, 600, 900 bushels. against
a probable surplus on the years crops of
40.O0O,0OO bushels.
This is altogether too close a fit and
calls for some examination as TO prob
able stocks of wheat carried over from
the preceding crop year. There were,
and probably are. large wheat reserves in
Russia which enabled that country to ex-
port so freely during the fall and winter,
while in India and Australia reserves are