The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-11-14

teaching the study of geography, writes
Ella ]. Douglas. in American Teacher.
4 impresses upon the mind the conspic-
nous features of the continent and aids
in imagination to picture its surface.
1t is by all means the best method for
securing the attention of pupils and to
lead them to acquire Il useful knowl-
edge of correct geographical form from
nature.
1t will be best to first model a map or
Il own country. Obtain the services
OF a mechanic who can make a suitable
frame upon which to work the relief.
1t must be made of pine boards well
seasoned, to prevent varying. They
u be doweled and glued. Rim it
about an inch in height.
Maps are made of modelling wax,
plaster of paris, putty. and other SIM
liar substances. The following materi-
ed: Fol a map about two feet by three,
feet in size, melt two heaping handfuls
of glue, into which place half a pint
each Of varnish and oil. Into this put
more water and stir whiting into it as
you would flour in mixing bread. Use
as soon as prepared. In order for it to
adhere to the board it is necessary that
a coat Of paint in which there Is plenty
of oil be applied. Use blue to represent
the ocean, except IN the rim, which
may be painted some darker color.
With a palette knife spread the ma
terial over the whole map which you
have previously outlined in pencil.
Build up the western highland and the
basin between the Rocky and the Sierra
Nevada mountains. Let the eastern
slope be gradually downward toward
the great central plain and at the north
and upward toward Mexico. Spread
more of the material for the A%ppalachi-
an system and the height Of land north
of the Ohio River and near the source
Of the Mississippi. Next build up the
mountains. making the Rocky noun
tains higher as you proceed south
ward. Locate some Of the principal
peaks and cut depressions in the map
to indicate the canyons of the Colorado
and Arkansas Rivers.
After the work is we'll laid in put ir
away to dry. You will be greatly sur
prised upon looking at it again to dis
v many cracks and %crevices In your
work. Do not be discouraged, as 1t is
only the water drying out of the tex
ture. These must not be worked owe
until thoroughly dry, as there Is danger
Of the under coat being raised from the
board. Repeat this process until per-
Foo41v 1r- ,r,loo - will Io ne borI on1
firm as q rock.
Now give 1t two coats of white paint
In which there is about as much oil as
you had for painting the board, and it
Is ready for the final coloring, which
must be of artists paint.
Your palette should consist of the fol-
lowing colors: Flake white, Naples,
strontian, and chrome yellows, Chi
nese vermilion, Prussian and cobalt
blues.
For the food plains-less than 500
feet-which are along the Atlantic
coast, Gulf Of Mexico, and Ohio val
leys, the eastern and southern shores of
Lake Ontario, the valleys of the Column
bia, Sacramento, and San Joaquin and
a narrow strip along the Pacific coast,
use Prussian blue, chrome yellow, and
a small quantity Of white.
Next paint the low plains-5OO feet
| to 1000 feet-which are found on either
side of the Appalachian mountains, and
the remaining portion of the Great Cen
trail Plain not included in the flood
| plains, also along the Red River Of the
| North and the Colorado. Add white to
| the previous mixture of green for.
| painting these. Make it considerably
lighter for a contrast. For the remain
der of the map, the height above 1000
| feet, mix white and Naples yellow.
Paint the snow-capped peaks white,
and the volcanoes vermilion. Trace.
| the rivers in blue. These will require
| two coats. The lakes are made with,
| Prussian and cobalt blue, yellow, and
| white. After all is dry, give it two
| coats of white varnish and you will
| have a map which will be of great serv-
ice to your pupils.-Educational Jour-
nal.
"DO It."
Peter Cooper, who founded the Coop
err Institute, in New York city, had a
| hard strnpple. Az a bow. his health