The Red Cloud chief., 1896-05-29
A1tChtcan lrut Institute.

81, In the midst of the famous fruit
belt OF that state.
The first session was opened Monday
evening by the chairman, Chas. w.
Garfield, Of Grand Rapids, who ex-
planned the plan Of the institute. He
was followed by Roland Morrill, Of Ben
ton Harbor, president OF the State Hor-
t%icultural society, who spoke upon the
cultivation and care of brains, claim
| ing that the farmer and fruit grower
to be successful as much or more than
men in other callings needed n supply
OF that article. No only should he un-
| derstand the nature Of the soil and the
requirements Of the crops, but he
| should be familiar with best methods OF
performing the various operations nee
essary In caring for them. While a
| scientific education will aid one In his
work, a man with a fair supply of gray
matter an. by observing what is going
on about him, and by reading and d.
costing the reports of others as found In
agricultural papers and periodicals, and
as given Mt farmers Institutes and 9TH
er meetings, be much more likely
to succeed than one who despises book
farming and goes about his work In
the same manner as his father before
him.
The marketing Of the crops is a seri-
GUS matter, and a good business train
ing will not come amiss. A man with
an intellect cultivated along practical
lines, and who has a fair supply OF
horse sense. IL In a good way to sue
coed, even in these times of depression.
During the session of the institute 1t
was arranged that the speakers, who,
in addition to Mr.. Morrill,, comprised
Profs. Kcdzie, Beal, Taft, Smith and
Barrows of the Agricultural College,
should speak each day ut the same hour
for thirty minutes, with an equal time
devoted to discussions, questions ana
answers. making 1t n sort of a school
OF horticulture. Mr.. Morrill, Mt 10
o'clock each day discussed different
phases of peach culture. His first topic
was "The Locating and Planting OF
Peach Orchards" lie introduced the
subject by reading ten commandments
for peach growers, suggested by q. ~.
Hale Of Connecticut, the we'll known
peach specialist, as the basic principles
Of peach culture. Upon the ideiity with
which these are followed the speaker
claimed would hang most Of the law
and all Of the profits.
1. Select for the orchard high, dry
soil, preferably a good sandy lean.
/ .. Choose hardy varieties OF known
r value In the section where they are to
be grown.
3. Use hardy, seeding stocks. bud'
I ded from bearing trees of ~undoubted
purity and health.
4. Give the trees entire possession
of the land from the start.
s. Give thorough cultivation from
early spring until August.
Y 6. Use liberal amounts of mincra
fertilizers rich in potash and phosphor'
lc acid and deficient in nitrogen.
l Z. Start the trees with low heads
and cut back the growth one-half fol
the first Ave years.
8. Watch for and dig out all the
borers. Wash trunks with some goot
d wash to prevent the deposition or thu
eggs.
9. Thin the fruit SO as to secure
large specimens and avoid the draiI
upon the tree.
l. 10. Examine trees frequently TO
yellows; cut out and burn diseased tree
, as soon as found.
' He advised the locating Of orchard
u upon hillsides. where the cold air woul'
n drain of, rather than upon level land
. even though It might be upon a hilltop
A light, sandy loan OF moderate fer
u tility was recommended rather than
clay soil, as, although the latter Nigh
be underdrained and subsoiled, tn
trees would be short-lived. with black
cracked trunks. and dead branche!
Q. Some white varieties will do fairly we
upon sand, but the kinds with hig
no quality succeed best upon a stronge
- soil.
to He preferred a good clover sod thc
to could be turned under and supply foo
for the trees. Would prepare in tn
y same way as for a corn crop, but woul
~ give Il rather more attention. Recon
IT, mended twenty feet each way as a goc
d, distance for setting the trees. Sele'
good trees rather than cheap ones, /;
the latter are likely to be cheap
every sense. A medium-sized well ri
sh ened tree with good roots is bett'
cd than one very large or very small. Pu
chase In the fall. cut of all bruised
broken roots and heel in upon son
- we'll drained spot, leaning the trees
an angle OF As degrees and GOVERN
an with evergreen branches. Set the ire
in the spring a little deeper than thu
nrt were in the nursery, and in light sc
IN. the bud may be covered with adva
tG tage, as it will secure a better growt
Ing ard lessen danger from borers. O