davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
CHIEF ARTHUR CHALLENGED
To Meet Debs in Joint Debate at Cleveland,

To Meet Debs in Joint Debate at Cleveland,
on Saturday-The Challenge Ignored.
Cleveland, Ohio, January 16.-The
Central Labor Union has issued a chal-
lenge to Chief Arthur, of the Engineers
Brotherhood, to meet Debs in joint de-
bate on Saturday evening. The chal-
lenge was issued on the authority of
Debs, who says that if Arthur will
meet him he will show him up in such
a way as to drive him from the labor
movement. Debs says the Engineers
Brotherhood is simply an annex OF the
railway corporations. Thus Ear Ar
thus has ignored the challenge.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
MIR. BCKLEs TALKS FINANCE

Chicago, January 16.-Comptroller
Eckles spoke tonight at the annual
banquet of the Real Estate Board on
Our Currency System" He said that
nowhere is there to be found finan-
cial System so inadequate as that of the
United States. It presents nine diff
ferent kinds Of currency, all except two
directly dependent upon the credit Of
the United States. He discussed par
ticularly the greenbacks because every
bond issue and every measure in Con-
gress to cancel them proclaims their
harmfulness. The source OF our diff
Guilty Is the fear that the United States
cannot in the face of existing laws
maintain the gold standard. The legal
tender issues of the government ought
and must be redeemed and retired.
MIR. Eckels entertsins little hope that
any remedial financial legislation will
pass the present session of Congress.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
ROBERT TOD LINCOLN.
The Commercial Gazette Includes Him
Among the Presidential Possibilities.

The Commercial Gazette Includes Him
Among the Presidential Possibilities.
Cincinnati, Ohio, January 1.-THE
Commercial Gazette will publish to-
morrow in its series of sketches of pos
sibIe Republican presidential nominees
a sketch of Robert Tod Lincoln, pre-
pared by Hon. Henry w. Blodgett, of
Chicago, retired judge of the United
States Circuit Court and member Of the
Bering Sea Commission. The sketch
is almost wholly biographical. The
brief closing paragraphs mention his
modesty as shown in the fact that all
his past political preferment had come
to him unsought. They also refer TO
Mr.. Lincoln's versatile ability as dem
onstrated in the manner in which he
discharged the duties of the offices he
filled and acquitted himself in private
life as an attorney-at-law.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
THE POPE WANTS TO ARBITRATE

The Venezuelan Ahair-Said to Have APP
preached President Cleveland on the Sub
jcct-Was Hurt by England's Refusal.
London. January 1.-THE Rome cor
respondent Of the Chronicle says:
The Pope, through Cardinal Satolli,
has made a semi-oficial proposal 70
President Cleveland to arb-uate the
Venezuela question.
The Pope was very much hurt by
England's refusal last year, when Ven
ezuea proposed the Pope as an arbi-
traitor. It is believed that His Holiness
has now instructed Cardinal Vaughan
TO sound the British governnen, on the
subject"
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17

orad0. Delaware, Georgia, Kansas,
Louisiana Mississippi, Missouri, Mon
a1a. Nevada, New jersey, North Da-
k0-a. South Carolina Texas Virginia,
Washington, Wyoming, Arizona, New
Mexico. oklahoma Utah, Indian Terri
tory.
Chairman Hlrrity expects 70 issue the
Usua, call for the holding Of the conyen-
,Cl iu q few days
The National Committee adjourned
without elecung the sergeant-3t-arms
aud O-ler OH dcers
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
The Weather.

Washington, January 16.-For West
Virgina-Fair; colder in western por-
tion: north winds. For Wetern Penn
svlvania-ClOudy and threatening;
snow furries near the lakes; north
winds. colder Friday night. For Ohio
Cloudy and threatening with occas-
ional snow furries; colder; north winds.
Thermometer Record.
Mr. c. Schnepf. the Opera House
druggist. made the following Observa-
lions Of the temperature yesterday: a
m %; 9 a. m. q; 12 m. 9S; 3 p. Ia, 4st
n. m, IS. Weather fair.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
BENEFITS OF THE PRESENT TAR
IFF.

There is every prospect for the put
ting in of a new wooden mill at Morgan
town. Under the free wool clause OF
the present tariff law and the reduced
duties on woolen goods, wOOlen mills
can Eve. a1d sixty-one rsw mills we're
constructed last year. Let the McKin-
lev duties be restored and wOOlen mills
would be rather dead property in this
country-Fairmont Index.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
TO SIMPLY PRACTICE Law
Is Ex-Governor McKinley's Intention
Back I'm the Old Home at Canton.

Canton, Ohio, January 16.-Ex-Gov-
ernor MCKINLEY was met by a large
crowd when he arrived this evening.
The McKinleys were driven to the
home prepared for them. 1t is the
house in which they first kept house. "
A general demonstration was consider
ed. but friends advised that 1t be de-
layed. Tae Major said this evening:
1T is a great relief to get back to
Canton and TO the home we first &C.
cupied years ago. AS TO my plans, they
are simply TO practice law here"
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
THE MARYLAND CONTEST

Annapolis. Md, January 16.-The
second joint ballot for United States
Senator by the Maryland Legislature,
taken at noon to-day. resulted: Yelling
ton Rep.). 26; Goldsborough Rep), 10;
Westcott CRep), IS; Dryden CRep0, 4;
Mulliken Rep), 7; Smith Dem), q;
Page Oem), 8.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
CIGAR FLRM FAILS.

New York. January 16-Se;danburg,
Steifel & Co., cigar manufacturers,
made an assignment to-day to Milton
S. Guiterman without preferences. The
members of the firm are Emil Seiden-
burg. Joseph Seidenburg and Adolph
Steifel. Liabilities estimated at $275,-
900: 2ssents. $400 900.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17

Washington, d. c., January 16.-
Aside from the leisure manner in which
the Venezuelan Commission IS arrang-
ing to prosecute its work, there are 9th
er indications that the administration
has become convinced that this august
body VIII not have the honor of settling
the great boundary dispute While it
cannot be stated positively that this be
lief is based entirely upon any specific
reports from Ambassador Bayard upon
the subject, yet there is reason TO be-
lieye some assurances of a satisfactory
nature have come to the State Depart
ment that the matter will be terminated
shorty, probably within two months,
or before a repOrt reasonably can be eX-
pected from the Venezuelan Commits
sion, and upon Inns that will be ulob-
jectionable to our government. While
details Of the arrangement are not ob-
tainable, and perhaps have not yet been
fixed it is believed Jhat ,he basis of it
will be arbitration as proposed origin
ally by the IN eed States, but with a
Limitation that will suffice at least
To SAVE BRITISH PRIDE
and appear 10 maintain British consist
ency. This is likely TO be found in an
agreement between Great Britain and
Venezuela directly, brought about
through thegood offices of a third party,
not necessarily nor probably the United
States, to submit to a joint commission
the question of the title TO all territory
west Of tle Schomi5urgk line with a pro-
viso jlat if In the course of the inquiry
Of the commission evidence appears to
touch the British title to the lands lying
to the eastward of that line then the
body may extend its functions to ad-
judicate such title
This arrangement would meet the
British contention ulat the original ar
bitrau0l shall be limited to lands to
the westward of the line, while still
conceding The justice Of the contention
Of President Cleveland that the lands
on the Other side may properly be taken
into consideration in fixing the bound
ary. Possibly a supplementary ar
b.,rat:on will be left to deal
with the questions as to DAe title Of the
eastward lands if the original commits
sion dealings with the matter shall find
that the title no the lands IS a fit sub
ject for arbitration as shown by the
evidence produced before it.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
NEGRO ARRESTED
Et U1iontOWn. Pa by City Detective
Mehen Of Park6rsburg, Charged
With Assembling Lulu Wetherell--
After Another Man--ExerciSing
Great Caution
Special to the Register.

Special 10 the Register.
Morsautown. w. Va, January 16.-
Detective Mehen. OF Parkersburg. ar
rived tonight from Uniontown, Pa.
where he arrested the negro supposed
to- De the assai,ant Of Lulu WethereH at
Parkers5urg.
He gives his name as James Sher-
man, of Colorado but refuses to tell
anything about himself.
He is not thought 70 be the negro
who was at Monongah, as he could not
have walked from there in the diner
ence of time between being seen there
and here.
The negro seen at MonOngah is sup
posed 90 DE aJ BeechwOod, twelve miles
nom here. and Mehen and Policeman
Cooper viii go after him tonight.
s. telegram states he is there.
The police are very cautions and do
not want 10 make a mistake. as the
man the crime is put ON Will probably
De lynched it taken to Parkersburg.
The negro is i'm Jail at UniontOwn,
and m.shr be the man wanted.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
w. C. T. L. NATIONAL CONVEN-
TION.

Chicago. January ia decision has
lust been reached as to the place of
meeting of the next national convention
of the W. c. T. U. Invitations were
received from Seattle. Portland, Ore
gon: Portland. Maine; Kansas City, Los
Angeles. San Francisco, Chattanooga
and Nashville. San Francisco was
chosen and October 1896 as the time.
Mrs. B. Sturtevant Peet. Of San Jose,
the president of Northern California,
will be the hostess of the convention.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
BERNARD GILLIAN DYING.

The Famous Cartoonist Likely to Pass
Away soon No Hope For His Recovery.
Canajcharie, n. Y, January 16.-The
physicians attending Bernard Gillian,
the cartoonist, say there is no hope Of
his recovery, and that his death may
take place very soon.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
BAPTIsT BOARD on MISSIONS.

Special to the Register.
Parkersburg. W. Va. January 16.-
The State Board Of Missions of the Bap-
t.st Church IS in session here wish
thirty members present. The meeting
VII elect a slate superintendent TO fill
the place of Rev. W. E. Powell, of Par
ershurg. res!gned.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17

Washington, january 16.-Mr. Sewell
Rep.. n. J), introduced a resolution on
tre Monroe doctrine i'm the Senate to-
day. The resolution declares that the
President has passed the doctrine be-
yond what i- was intended, and that
his Interpretation Of it viii involve us
in foreign complications and virtually
extend @ protectorate over Mexico, and
Central and South American States.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
AsHANTEES MAKE PEACE.

London, January 1.-THE Cronicle
says the Ashantees accept all the Brit
ish terms for peace. The Chronicle de-
clares that this news is absolutely
trustworthy despite the fact that the
war office has no continuation of il.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
one THOUSAND MINERS OUT.


Special 10 me htSISltt.
Columbus, Ohio, January 16.-One
thousand miners. employed by the Nor
ris Coal Company, in the Hooking Val
ley. went on strike to-day because one
of their number was discharged for
putting out dirty coal. The manage
ment refuses to reinstate the discharged
man under any considerations.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
1OOKS rJKE RORTNSON

Chicago. January 16.-Indicat:Ons
point to the election of D. B. Robinson,
First Vice President Of the Atchison,
Topeka & Santa Fe, President Of the
B. & o. Mr.. Robinson refused to eth
er affirm or deny.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
MORTON ENDORSED.

New York. January 16-The Repub-
lican Editorial Association Of the State
Of New York. at its annual meeting to-
day adopted resolutions endorsing
Governor MortOn's candidacy for the
presidency
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
MN DOOrJN CAPTURED.

Guthria. o. T., January 16.-Bill
Doolin. the notorious train robber and
outlaw was brought here at noon to-
day by his captor United States Depu-
" Marshal Bill Tilgham and lodged in
the Federal Jail.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
TWO HUNDRED on A sTRIKE.

Pitsburg. Pa. January 16.-Three
hundred employees at the Westinghouse
electric works. East Pittsburg, struck
to-day against working half time on a
reduced basis of pay. The strike will
effect 200 hundred employees in other
departments.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
QUESTION NAY Be Settled.
Believed There Is a Movement on Foot
to Arbitrate

The Difference Between England
and Venezuela-The United States
Not Supposed to Have Anything
to Do With the Oase-A Plan Ar
ranged Whereby English Pride
Will Not Have to Suffer Reason
For the Commission Delay.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
PRIVATE VAUDEVILLE SBOH.
A Millionaire'S Son in Court Upon a
Strange Charge.

Complainant Is a Pretty English
Waiting Maid, Who Was EN-
ployed In the Family-.She Asserts
That He Compelled Her to Dance
Under Pain Of the Lash, Which
He Applied His Sister Josephine
Involved.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
SEVERAL SUBJECTS DISCUSSED
I'm the senate and House. Yesterday-Pef-
fers Speech did Not Draw Well-Debate
Growing Tiresome.

I'm the senate and House. Yesterday-Pef-
fer's speech Did Not Draw Well-Debate
Growing riresome.
Washington, ID. c., January 16.-The
c0us.d 5ralCn of the silver bond oil
proceeded .u -le Senate ,0-d3y with Mr..
fe1er continuing his SDe6cl begun yes
-a-l4y. Interest ll the discussion mas
begun 10 las, as was evident by the ScanJ
attendance on the floor and IN the gall
la-.es. AS yet no suggestion has been
made as 20 bringing ,ne measure 10 a
vote.
Foreign Ques-sions received cOnsid-
erable attention during the day. Mr..
Hale spoke for an hour in favor of
Pacific cable connecting The United
States ana Hawaii The Senator eX-
pressed the opinion ,lat the annexation
Ct ne Hawaiian Island 60 The United
S-a-es was certain 90 be accomplished
a- an early day. The Cuban QueS ION
was briefly discussed in connection with
Mr. CcIs resolution calling on The
State Department. for Information on
the status of the uprising.
The Monroe doctrine also received at
-en-Cu I'm resolution by Mr. Sewen.
co New Jersey. declaring he limitations
of the doctrine and stating that Prssi-
dent ClavelaDd's attitude was an ex-
tension of the doctrine beyond its orig
illl s--pe.
A resolution was adopted requesting
Che State Department, for further irfor-
nation ON Turkish Armenian affairs.
At 4.f5 cle Senate adjourned TIL
Monday
Washington. d. c.. January 16.-Tae
general di i.cussion @. cAe pension bin I'M
the House closed to-day and tomorrow
i- VIII DE taken mp by paragraphs.
Nr Grow attempted to speak on a
matter ct privilege The subject which
hs wished -c discuss was a passage con-
ned q pamphlet published by the
New York Chamber OF Commerce.
which. le said. was an attack upon ne
GOOD faith of the House. The Speaker
ruled that this was not a question of
privilege and Mr. Grow did not pro-
ceei.
The other incident Of The day was q
/ defense entered into by Mr.. B3rlet, Of
+ .ha position taken by hims If on the
/ pension question
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
Sr-pr PrNNFTr MAN

PiGsburg, Pa. January ia. V.
Bennett superintendent of parks. died
suddenly of typhoid fever shortly after
midnight.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
sPANISH PAPERS DEMAND WAR.

Mexico City. January 16.-Spanish
papers here. continue abusing the Unit
ed States and demanding war. They
censure the American government for
even receiving the Cuban leaders.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
AMBER" A POPULAR WRITER
DEAD

Chicago. January 16-NrS Martha
f. Holden. known TO newspaper read
ers as Amber died to-day az St.
Luke's Hospital Death was the result
OF an operation performed Tuesday for
cancer.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
DID Not TANE THE JEWELRY.

Special 90 the Register.
Parke-sburg. w. Va, January 10
l- has been developed that the wretch
did not take The money and jeWelry of
lae domestic of the Wetherells. as first
stated. and the object Of the brute IN
assaui-.ng the little child is not vet
thoroughly understood
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
NEW BANK FOR sTEUBENvILLE

Special 10 the Register.
S.eubenville. Ohio, January ia
new National Bank, to be known as rhe
Commercial National Bank of Steuben-
Vile, is being organized here. with a
capital stock of s125.O00, to take the
place Of Sherrard Mooney & Co.'S Bank.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
THE Newspapers SPEAK OUT
In Spite Of the Press Censorship EStab-
liShed In Havana.

One of Them Declares the Situation
Is Unbearable-The Government
Officials Called Upon to Change
Their Policy end Put More Men In
the Field-The Terrible Destruc-
ton by the Insurgents, Called to
Attention.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
sPEANEAsY PEoPLE EX.CITED.

Special 10 the Register.
C'arksburg. W. Va. January 16.-
People engaged n the speakeasy" bus
mess aye excited this morning over the
return by The grand jury of a large
number of indictments for the Illegal
sale of intoX.can-s. The grand jury has
adjourned nm u tomorrow. when il VII
clnt-nus -Js Investigation.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
/. r a.0 N CHICAGO.


re- Selected - Took
Ballots to Deter
ar5r-The Move to
convention i'm June
No Change in Rep
The Closed Door
unanimously Defeat
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17
STEAMSHIP ARRIVALS

Genoa, January 16.-A-riyed, steam
er Fulda, New York.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17

Washington. January Ex-senator
Call gave notice to-day that he would
soon move TO discharge the Foreign
Relations Committee from considera-
ton Of the resolution for the recognition
of the Cubans as belligerents in order
10 have the Senate vote directly on the
question without further delay.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1896-01-17

washington. January 16.-The ques-
ton of recognizing the bell:gerency Of
the Cuban Insurgents absorbed the time
of the House Foreign Affairs Committee
to-day There is a strong sentiment in
Congress favorable to immediate rec
ogn.tion. Some dissatisfaction was ex-
pressed because the State Department
has not furnished information upon The
progress of the war.
The morning times., 1896-02-17
TO PHOTOGRAPH The FAIR
Great Temple Bazaar Will Be Per.
pe.nated by the Camera.
Merchants WIN Visit 1t Tonight and
Many New Features VIII Add to
Its Attractiveness

Tonight at the Hebrew Fair full dress
will distinguish all chairmen of commit
tees, the members of the executive COM
mittee and all assistants, while the ladies
IN the booths will occupy their positions
In their smartest gowns, for the fair is to
be photographed. The executive COM
mittee viii be on the stage
After that the merchants win be coming
an, for it Will be merchants night at the
fair. The solid, sober men OF commerce
aud trade viii take night off. Their
Judgment in selecting the fair as a place
or diversion, where the cares and anxieties
of business may be forgotten for the ncnce,
Is to be commended.
The Washington Light Infantry Corps
VIII also be present. The handsome
soldiers, in their brilliant uniforms. will
De very desirable dance partners for the
ladies, after they give scme Of their finest
exhibitions of manual and tactics.
Tuesday night the Fencibles and other
military organizations VIII be there to
celebrate military night. On that even
ing everything VIII DE made as dtstinctively
military ard as joyous to the soldiers
heart as possible.
For every night this week there win
be something special OH the program,
which will be announced in advance by
The Times.
Additions were made to the orchestra
today, and the large musical organization
viii render splendid music every remaining
night OF the fair.
Donations are coming in all the time.
A big swelling Of the temple fund is as
sured, aud the temple itself is, by the
fair ard its adjuncts, made a certainty.
The morning times., 1896-02-17
SAVE YOUR TOY THEATER BASE
Little Red Riding Hood" Will Be Its Attrac.
ton Next Week.

Washington people are deserving OF the
reputation they enjoy OF quick apprecia-
tion OF good thing.
No more positive exemplification OF
this trlisnI is necessary than yesterdays
sales of the Sunday Times each copy OF
which contained an elaborately colored toy
theater with the play of "Uncie TOMS
Cabin. " which was complete iHevery respect
AT 9 O'Clock 1.-THE morning the supply was
completely exhausted. There was not a
copy left. Those who failed TO get copies
could not possibly have been more dis
appointed than The Times management,
Tor failure 10 supply demand was so
| unlocked for that il was the occasion OF
great regret.
1T was known that there would be an
augmentation OF purchasers and the pro-
vision or having printed several thousands
of extra copies was made, hut even then
the exigencies arose OF not enough papers
and faiiure 10 accommodate many who
showed plainly that they felt personal
loss in not getting papers.
The popular demand for the toy theater,
! coming from parents and children alike,
shows that ii is The most e!evating and
educated gift enterprise ever undertaken
Besides it's beauty and symetricalmechanica
devices, il gives lesson OF the institution
ofslavery, and the humane sentiments which
prompted its abolition. as we'll as the most
carefully worded essay could do.
The salient features Of the great work of
Harriet Beechcr Stowe are given in nut
shell, and are easily comprehended by the
youthful mind. And 10 the ones who have
read the book, its poriraiture in yesterdays
art supplement is of especial value, giving,
as 1T does. the various characters costumes,
poses, etc.
Uncle Tom, Eva, Simon Lagree, Topsy,
the slave auciOneer. all were given and
the number on the toy stage showed 10y
corresponding mnaber on the pasteboard
figures the position each was TO occupy.
The old cabin itself is 10y no means least
of the interesting figures OF the theater
The people seemed 10 know of the good
The morning times., 1896-02-17
MODELLING THE HAND.
New York Women Give the Bronze
Forms as Souvenirs
Norr Nnrk World

New York scuiptoTs are devoting them
selves To a new branch OF art They are
basiIy engaged in modelling the hands
of women.
The work is done in plaster or paris.
bronze. marble or PaPier asache, and
The price, of course, depends upon the
material used
The caprice originated with the stage
Ophelias, Juliets and lesser lights OF
the theatrical world some seasons past
1t was their custom to have their hands
modelled and present the casts To their
friends as slight tokens OF esteem So
ciety women are now following their ex-
ample, and the hands OF many ultra
fashionable Ecfneu are doing duty rs
paper weights and ''ob5ects or bigotry
and virtue in New FORK bachelor quarters.
As an index to character these hands
are always an interesting study. When
the palm is exposed to view, the lines
are very teiI-tale and frequently reveal
unsupported characteristics The left hand
is chosen as usually the more perfectly
formed. However, what nature lacks. are
supplies, and beautiful hands in marble are
the rule rather than the exception.