davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
TYPICAL FRENCH ROAD.

q road in repair is not nearly SO great as
the expense of rebuilding a road that
neglect has allowed to sink into a state
of decay.
The poplars along these French roads
are trimmed to certain height SO that
sun and air can dry the surface, which
is high in the center, thus allowing wa
ter to flow off at once, after a shower.
This is then conducted by channels cut
through the turf at each side, into the
deep bitches outside of the row of
trees at the side of the roadway.
All in all the French roadways have
much to recommend them to the care
full study of Americans who are so
much interested in the subject of i'm
proving our highways Roads.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
Feeding Cabbage to Cows.

have never had experience feeding
cabbage except to very small extent,
but / have known of men making a
large use of cabbage to feed milk COWS,
and they consider it excellent food for
milk production. Some parties who
make business of raising cabbage for
market carefully save all the refuse,
such as leaves, stems and small, loose
heads, and sometimes, when the price
is low, nearly all their crop to feed to
their cows, and they report very large
this caution: 1.-THE flavor of the milk
may be injured if you feed too much; it
surely will be if the cabbage is partly
decayed. &c. p. Goodrich, in Prairie
Farmer
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18

The Nebraska agricultural expert
ment station has issued a bulletin,
from which the following, practical
conclusions are drawn: Trees in cul-
tivated ground have darker and more
vigorous foliage than those in sod
ground, with less following, dropping
of leaves. or whiting in hot, windy
days. Apples average Il per cent.
greater weight on cultivated land than
on pasture land, and II per cent. great
er than on moved land. AS to moist
ure, for every 100 barrels of water in
20 inches depth of soil on sod land,
there were 14O in cultivated land.
Evaporation, as one might suppose,
was found proportionate to velocity
of wind.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
CARE OF MEADOWS.
Stock Should Not BE Allowed 20 Tramp
Over Them ian Winter.

Stock Should Not BE Allowed co Tramp
Over Them ian Winter.
Grass is an important part of the
farm crops, and when stock is kept to
consume the various products of the
farm, from one-third to one-half the
acreage of the farm can be kept in
grass to good advantage. But with
grass, as with all other crops, care must
be taken to make the most out of it.
When a good stand of grass is cnce
secured, it viii pay to give such treat
ment as will insure good growth and
yiely.
While with all crops a rotation is
necessary, yet generally when a good
stand of grass is once secured, it will
pay to keep the meadows in grass as
long as profitable crops are secured.
The principal reason for this is that
it is more difficult to secure a good,
even stand of grass than of other crops,
and when once secured, good care
should be given to preserve it.
Seeding to grass is putting the land
in good condition to manure. During
the fall and early winter manure can
be hauled out and scattered over the
meadows with good results. The fall
rains and melting SHOWS will carry the
soluble portions into the soil, and an
increased growth and yield will be the
result. Care must be taken to scatter
the manure evenly, and SO that it will
not lie in Jumps.
Many good farmers consider this
one of the very best ways of manuring
cropped down land. A fairly rich soil
is essential to the growing Of good
crop of grass, and manuring is as nee
essary with the meadows as with any
other part of the farm crops.
One mistake. often made in the man
agement of the meadows is in allowing
the stock to crop them down too close
at this season. The grass plants need
some protection during the winter. and
one of the easiest ways of supplying
it is by not grazing Gown too close in
the fall. The frosts will then kill down
this growth, which will act as mulch
to protect the plants during the winter.
Then, stock should not be allowed
to tramp over the meadows during the
winter, especially when the ground is
soft, as this not only seriously Injuries
if it does not entirely kill out the grass
plants, but increases the waste when
harvesting the next seasons hay crop.
st. Louis Republic.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
THE AMERICAN DAIRY.
destined to Become More Prominent from
Year to Year.

destined to Become More Prominent from
Year to Year.
The dairy promises about as well
If not better than any other branch
OF farm industry. The well defined
disposition of legislators is to put
a stop to the competition of imitation
butter, the chief complaint against
which has been that it is sold as genu-
Inc butter. There is not much to fear
on the part of dairymen with respect
to oleomargarine competition if every
pound of the stuff is sold for just what
it is. No person who has studied its
character will care to eat it; and the
average consumer, even if he is ignor-
ant of the character of Oleomargarine,
wants no imitation butter on his bread.
but Notwithstanding the laws that
have been enacted providing for the
plain marking of imitation butter,
thousands of pounds are consumed on
boarding-house, hotel and restaurant
tables by those who suppose that they
are eating butter, and every pound of
1T takes the place of the honest prod
uct. The disposition, we repeat, is to
put a stop to this fraud, and probably
within year there will be universal
Legislation to accomplish this, and it
will be greatly to the interests of the
dairy. The fact, too, is becoming more
generally recognized that the dairy is
less drain upon the soil than almost
any other branch of farming, and this
is leading to the adoption of dairying
Then there is the old fact being more
deeply impressed all the time that
dairy products are of comparatively
small bulk and can be more easily and
more cheaply shipped than other prod
acts of the farm. To all this may be
added that winter dairying is being
more and more generally followed, and
as it is adopted, the profits of the bust
ness are greatly increased; and while
there is Frightening future for beef
production, it may be clearly seen that
the American dairy will become more
and more rominent.-Farmer' Voice.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
Keeping Cabbage in winter.

Most people bury cabbage for win
ter use, and il properly done it is the
very best way to keep them. They
are. however. not easily got at when
the ground is frozen or covered with
snow. A part of the crop may be sat
isfactorily kept as follows: Trim the
heads very closely, wrap in newspa-
pers and pack in barrels. Set in a
cool cellar and use as needed. They
will not dry out or decay as when
placed in the cellar without protec-
ton. If this process is followed. a
quantity can be taken from the ground
at one time.-Ida Rays, in Troy
Times.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
Size Of the model Potato.

A potato that viii weigh one-quarter
of a pound is about two inches in di-
anleter and is of the smallest size al
Iowable when sorting Tor the market.
When potatoes of this size are used for
cooking, there is far more waste than
with larger ones, and the quality is no
better than that of tvo-pound pota-
toes of the same variety. The model
potato is kidney shaped, has few eyes
and these nearly even with the sur
rounding surface, and It weighs three
quarters of pound. Such II potato is
salable, but for use in farmers fam
ily there is not the least objection to
those that weigh two pounds If Of q
variety not liable to be hoIlow--Rural
World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
THE ACIDS OF FRUITS.
A Compilation OF Interest to HorticuI-
turists and Gardeners.

A Compilation OF Interest to HorticuE~
turists and Gardeners.
The grateful acid of the rhuba~b
leaf arises from the malic acid and BIZ
noxalate of potash which it contains;
the acidity of the lemon, orange and
other species of the genus citrus is
caused by the abundance of citric acid
which their juice contains; that OF
the cherry, plum, apple and pear from
the malic acid in their pulp; that Of
gooseberries and currants, black, red
and white, from a mixture of malic
and citric acids; that of the grape from
mixture of malic and tartaric acids;
that of the mango from citric and a
very fugitive essential oil; that of the
tamarind from mixture of citric. mall
ic and tartaric acids; the flavor of the
asparagus from aspartic acid, found
also in the root of the marshmallow.
and that of the cucumber from a pc
culiar poisonous ingredient called fun
gin, which is found in all fungi, and
is the cause of the cucumber being
offensive to some stomachs.
1t will be observed that rhubarb is
the only fruit which contains binoxalate
VI POOaSA III COH JuAtcClOn WIN an aclu.
Beet root owes it's nutritious quality to
about nine per cent. of sugar which it
contains, and it's flavor is a peculiar
substance, containing nitrogen mixed
with poetic acid.
The carrot owes it's fatten;ng pow
crs also to sugar, and its flavor to pc
culiar fatty oil; the horseradish derives
its flavor and bliStering power from
volatile acrid oil. The Jerusalem arti-
choke contains 141s per cent. of sugar
and three per cent. of inulin "a variety
of starch), besides gum and peculiar
substance to which it's flavor is owing,
and lastly, garlic and the rest of the
onion family derive their peculiar odor
from yellowish, volatile acrid oil, but
they are nutritious from containing
nearly half their weight of gum11y
and glutinous substances not yet clear
ly defined.-G. w. johnson, in Chem
istry of the World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
o g.

Mark the boards of the pairs and take
them apart. Over the inside of one
half o. each stretch a piece of drum
head and fasten securely around the in
ner edge with small lacks, C. Put en-
the other halves and screw firmly to-
gether. When the beads are thorough
ly dry they will be very hard and res
onant. Find the center of the heads,
and with a sharp instrument make
hole the size of pin in both. The tel
ephonc is then ready to put up. Make
a hole three-fourths of an inch in diam
eter through the side of the house
where the wire is to enter. Draw the
wire, No. 10 copper, through the hole
from the outside, and fasten the end
TO a stick to prevent it from drawing
out.
Between the houses the wire may be
hung on trees, buildings or poles, with
pieces of large. loose cord. 1t is pos
sible to go around corner by fasten-
ing the wire often and making the
curve gradual, but the straighter the
line the better it will work, and 1t
must enter the house as nearly at right
angles as possible. The wire should
not touch any hard substance in any
place, for as the operation of the tele-
phone depends upon the vibration of
the wire anything that tends to stop
the vibrations will tend to prevent its
working successfully. Make the open
ing and secure the wire in the house
at the other end of the line in the same
manner as at the first. 1t is we'll to go
over the line two or three times, draw
ing the wire as tight as possible and
taking up the slack at both ends. When
the wire is tight, have some one hold 1T
firmly just outside the first house; take
out the stick and put the wire through
the hole in one of the vibrators, draw
it tight and fasten by putting the end
though a plain, fat button and tying
a knot, at C. The tension on the wire
will hold the vibrator so firmly that
two small nails driven in the wall I'M
der it tn prevent it from slipping down,
is all the fastening necessary. Put
the other vibrator in position at the
other end of the line and the telephone
is ready for use.
Do not be discouraged if it does not
work very well at first, for often the
wire will touch at some place that has
been overlooked. The vlbrators must
be at right angles with the wire, or
the wire will draw and cut the drum
heads. new wire will probably
stretch after time and need tighten
ing, for loose wire Will not vibrate. In
the winter loose cloth may be tackled
around the wire where it enters the
house. Lines have been made to work
successfully for one mile over rough
ground, and it is interesting to see
how quickly the vibrations will go over
that distance. The call is made by
rapping on the button with any con-
venient articIe.-Orange Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
WIDE TIRES AGAIN.
For Many Farm Purposes They Are of
Positive Advantage.

For Many Farm Purposes They Are of
Positive Advantage.
A few days ago l was talking with a
man who had given wide tires a thor
ough trial, end he was loud in their
praise, though he did not claim as
much for them as some people do. He
said that he found them of no advan-
tage in time of very soft roads, as the
wheels would sink into the road at such
times if they were u foot wide, and the
larger amount of mud they would
carry would make up for any difference
in the depth they would cut.
When the weather IS very dry and
the ground hard, they are of no par
ticular benefit, either; but at all other
times they save horse-hesh and time,
by allowing heavier loads and requir-
ing less power.
This man told me that for nine
months in the year he finds the wide
tire positive benefit, and for the other
three it is about an even thing. For
hauling over meadows and corn fields
the wide tire is very much superior
to narrow ones; and at times when
the ro0ds are soft enough for the or
u1Hdry CHe 70 SILK IfOln SIX 10 elSnI
inches into the road-bed, he can go
along easily with his wide tires.
/ asked him if he thought the roads
would ever get as bad as they do if
everyone used wide tires. His reply
was that the roads in the country dis
tricts of Illinois would be bad if no
one drove over them IN soft weather,
but narrow tires, no doubt, made thCm
worse.
'"Fhey suit me-" he said in conclu-
siol.. land good many of my neigh
bors are getting over to my way Of
thinking; for l can haul as big loads
as any of them when the roads are at
zheir worst, and much larger ones at
almost any other me,''-Farm and
EireSi6e
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
COST OF BAD ROADS.
Estimates Show That 5000, 100000 Yea
Might Be Saved.

Estimates Show That 5000, 100000 a Year
Might Be Saved.
The office of road inquiry of the de-
partment of agriculture has completed
an interesting investigation relating
to the common roads of the United
States. Returns have been received
from 1000 counties, showing the aver
age length of haul from farm to mar
lets or shipping points to be IL miles,
the average weight of load for two
horses 1900 pounds, the average cost
per ton per mile 25 cents, and So for the
entire haul. Estimating the farm prod
Ucts at 1924, 227 tons in weight and
making estimates on other articles car
ried over the public roads, it is calcu-
lated that the aggregate expense of
this transportation in the United
States is $946, 414,665 per annum.
Reports have been asked from the
United States consuls abroad of the eX-
pense of hauling where the roads are
good, so as to render possible calcu-
lation which will show how much of
this vast outlay is due to bad roads.
The estimate is ventured, however,
that, counting the loss of time in reach
ing markets, the enforced idleness and
wear and tear to the live stock and
hauling machinery caused by poor
roads, twO-thirds of the cost might
he saved by an improvement of the
roads
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18

dust. Use the kind of lumber suitable
to the builders means, as the cost of
the house will correspond with the
quality of the lumber used. The
foundation is fixed to drain thorough
Nv and is filled to depth of inches
with cobble stones and floor of 2
inch plank placed upon them. Have
the floor boards an inch apart to al
low drainage. Put 10 inches of saw
dust on the floor or, if not available,
use fnely-cut rye straw. Dat straw
is not as good for this purpose as rye,
for being soft it packs too closely. In
putting in the ice, leave foot of space
between it and the wall and pack this
with sawdust or straw as the wall OF
ice goes up. Place boards across the
door spaces to prevent too heavy pres
sure on the doors. When the house
is full, put layer of sawdust or straw
IS to 10 inches thick over the top. The
triangular windows ut the ends pro-
vide thorough ventilation, which is an
essential matter in keeping ice. Much
the extreme rapidity Of the movements
constructed, or stock of ice buried
with sawdust or straw will keep ice
far into the summer. = Farm and
Home.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
Maintaining the MIX Flow.

When cows are given shade and cool
water in abundance they will require
less food to make the necessary milk
and flesh, hence the great value of
shady pasture. When the grasses fail
they should be supplemented with fod-
der, corn, oats, rye or some other grain,
so that the normal flow of milk may be
maintained. If this be done no COM
plant will be heard about the ingrati-
tude of animals, the milk shrinkage
and the losses of dairying. The cows
will not merely respond at once to bet
ter treatment, but they will be in good
condition for the fail campaign, in
stead of requiring till winter to re-
cuperate from the summer heat, flies,
scanty pasturage aud insufficient wa
Ter supply.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
PERISHABLE CROPS.

Every Farm Should Have a Separate
House for Storing Them.
There ought to be on every large
farm a separate house for the storing
of fruit, potatoes, roots and other per-
ishable. crops. The temperature can
then be properly controlled, and prop
er accommodation provided = some
thing the ordinary house cellar very
inadequately secures. Where loose
field or cobble stones are at hand in
large numbers, either in piles OF in the
shape of useless old stone walls, an
excellent plan is to make such house
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
ORCHARD AND GARDEN.

Black rot is caused by the growth of
a fungus upon the affected parts of the
grape.
Under no consideration should water
be allowed to stand around the roots of
plants.
Gooseberries and currants arc easily
grown and there is rarely an oversupply
of them.
Young strawberry plants are often
killed by the application of strong fer
tilizers.
No other fruit requires so much ma
ntre or such thorough cultivation as
the ounce
During the early winter is a good
time to haul out and spread manure in
the orchard.
Sugar maple is good either as a for
est or an ornamental tree. 1t will do
well on a rocky hillside.
Successful fruit growers are those
that have clean orchards-this ,,eans
clear of rubbish as well as weeds.
Fruit trees, grape vines aud bushes
have no place in the garden, as they
draw nourishment from the soil.
One of the most serious objections
TO giving the sheep the run of
the orchard, especially at this time.
is their propensity to gnaw the bark
of the trees.
Pruning when the plant is dormant
tends to impayt vigor. but if done when
the plant is growing or in leaf it checks
growth. For this reason feeble tree
should always be pruncd in winter
St. Louis Republic.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
COMPULSORY LABOR.

Work at the Stone Pile Is just the Thing
for Jail Frequenters.
Stone breaking may not be avai liable
as employment for all convicts, yet Il
majority OF the counties could put their
prisoners at such work with beneficial
effect, both upon the country ard the
stone breaker. Too often the county
iails are looked upon, especially by
tramps, chiefly as snug retreats from
the winters cold. With warm quar-
tiers. fair amount of wholesome TODD
and nothing to do, the average Jail
prisoner feels himself very well fixed
indeed. His purpose is to live without
work, Jail life has no injurious effect
upon his already bad reputation, and
the restraint put upon his movements
is more than compensated for BIZ the
absence of care and work. If every
prisoner could be made to work at stone
breaking regularly and vigorously. the
county expenses would be greatly re-
duced. materials for better roads would
be in ample supply, and the prisoner
might be taught the virtues of honest
toll.
The wonder is that the simple plan o.
stone breaking has not been adopted in
every county. In most cases no iegis-
lation is necessary. The decision rests
with the supervisors and the other
county officials. Some action OF this
kind will have to be taken before many
years, for the taxpayers are becoming
weary of supporting yagabonds in COM
Portable idleness. Compulsory labor
can be made an effective agent for good.
and the inmates OF the Jail are the ones
most in need of the discipline.-Troy
Times.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
FARM AND GARDEN.
TYPICAL FRENCH ROAD.
A Thing OF Beauty and a Joy to Travellers
and Tourists.

Thing of Beauty and Joy to Travellers
and Tourists.
The illustration accompanying this
article is one that shows the admirable
qualities of the average public highway
in France.
The picture from which this cut was
made is photograph taken by the vet
eran wheel tourist, Marriott C. Morris,
of Philadelphia, and shows bit of
road between Tours and Vichy, near
Chaleauroux, France.
At the roadside is heap of stone
ready to be used for Instantly repair
ing any defect in the road, for the
French have learned the important
lesson that the way to have good Dads
is to keep the roads good. GA stitch in
time saves nine" and the cost of keeping
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
THE FARMING WORLD.
PERMANENT IcEHousE.

No Dairy Farm Should BE Without One
of These Structures.
The end view of an ice-house, de-
signed for use on farm, is illustrated
below. The wall consists of boards
standing perpendicularly and nailed
TO a light frame of s or IL inch scantling
at the top and bottom, with third one
in the middle to stiffen the sides, with
similar boarding on the inside. Ad-
ditional bracing will be found neces-
sary unless the building is located In
a sheltered place. Use building paper
on the under side of the outside boards.
gill the s or IL inch space with saw
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
A WINTER wHEELBARRow.

panying illustration. The wheel is un-
shipped. and two runners that have
been fitted by blacksmith are screwed
to the framework in the manner sug-
gested. If the runners are firmly at
tachcd the winter wheelbarrow should
prove very scrviceable about a farm.
Orange J1.ad Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18

of these stones, laying them up in lime
and cement. Where the stones are
right at hand house can probably be
built of them cheaper than of wood,
and when well built nothing but the
roof will ever need repairs, while the
interior temperature will be. much
more equable than in a wooden build
ing. This building gives opportunity
to drive in on the upper floor, so that
potatoes, apples, etc., can be unloaded
into gently inclined troughs having a
latticed work bottom that will sort
whatever goes over it, and will convey
the different sizes of fruit or tubers in.
to different receptacles. A team can
he backed into the basement to load.
Such a building will be wonderfully
convenient, and where crops are large
very profitable. Farm Journal.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-18
4 sermon and an Appeal.

Good roads mean new opportunities
which viii broaden and sweeten life.
They mean education; and just as ig-
norance is the root of falsity and dis
order, so education means knowledge
and love of faw and order, the nations
only hope for the adjustment OF
crime Clara Louise Burnham.