davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

Figure IA represents one Of the earli-
est silver coins It was struck in Rome
about 800 B. O.
Gold was coinede = in sOe B. O.
Figure 10 shows ,a2lidus Of
Julian II. The Il Shed four
scruples from 812 A.NO. to 1458 and
formed the basis Of more modern Euro
pean coins. The form, coined in Flor
ence in the fourteenth century, was
the first regular coin of western Europe
It soon became the recognized unit Of
value In commerce and was replaced
only by the English sovereign. which
has since remained the standard unit Of
value for international trade.
The commercial world has chosen
gold as money because, all things con-
sidered, il is better fitted FOX this pur
pose than any other metal or substance.
Vt owes its position entirely TO its in
trinsic worth. It has needed no special
legislation to sustain it, nor has the al
most unlimited special legislation in
the interest Of silver and other metals
and substances been able to make them
"as good as gold" in any modern civil
ized country. 1t has come by evolution
and win not go even by revolution. We
have passed the fishhook, wampum, to-
bacco, iron and silver stages of civiliza-
tion and have entered the golden stage.
Each year sees some progressive country
stop experimenting with the ficl1le and
fiuotuating silver standard and declare
for the stable and world recognized gold
standard Of value. Possibly we may, by
foolish legislation, make silver legal
tender for awhile and drive gold out
of circulation, but our commercial in
terests will continue to use gold, and
soon all interests will be glad to drop
Mexico and China and to return to the
society of civilized nations.
BYRON w. Holt.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

The Mohawk valley was settled by
the Dutch, as your readers know. When
the country was new, Yankee peddlers
came through the settlements and pur-
chased the crop Of maple sugar. On one
occasion a green Dutchman sold Yam
kee his maple sugar far below the mar
ket price, and his neighbors teased him
for being deceived. He said in reply
You wait and I will vix him next
year" The next spring he sold his crop
of sugar to the same Yankee at the same
price. When his neighbors rallied him,
he said; 81 am no fool made the sap
that sugar was made from of half spring
water. " The green Dutch farmer had
just as much common sense as those
cranks who assert that 90 cents worth
of silver and an equal amount of water
will make dollar worth 100 cents in
gold at the present standard. IF. g. in
New York Sun.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28
HISTORY OF MONEY.
SHOWING KINDS or MONEY USED IN
DIFFERENT STAGES OF CIVIL
ZATlON.

Gradual Evolution From Skins, Fishhoolra.
Shells. Etc. In Hunting stage to Silver
and Gold In Present Commercial Stage
Cows and Sheep as Units Of vaiue-De-
mouetization OF Tobscco. Skins. Bronze,
Etc, and why Necessary-G Gold and sii-
yer at First Estimated Roughly, Then
Weighed Accurately and Finally Stamp
ed-Moet Modern Nations Have Passed
Through the Silver and Are In the Gold
Stage of Civilization.
A study of the growth of money may
be useful just now In order 10 give q
more definite idea of exactly what
money is and to learn why certain arti-
cles or substances have been discarded
and others retained. The natural and
general tendencies we'll understood, we
have only to judge Of the future by past
experience to predict what will and
what will not be the principal money
metal of the near future.
Hunting and Fishing Stage.
The kind of money in use in any
country indicates the degree Of civil
lization attained Man probably first be-
came trading animal in the hunting
aud fishing stage. Weapons of war and
the chase, together with skins and furs,
were then the most important kinds Of
property, Hence we find that the more
useful. stable and portable Of these
articles were first used as money and
are 80 used today In barbarous countries
Beaver skins or "beaver" was the
unit of value when our forefathers
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

back to the bullion price and loses
Az cents on every one.
The further statement is made in
the same article that " part Of the
work that gold is now doing win be
done by silver and the demand for
gold will correspondingly slacken.
Free coinage of silver will then raise
the bullion price of silver and lower
the bullion price of gold the world
over" The total amount of silver
dollars coined in the United States
from 1893 to 1873 was $s,031, ,2SS.
Part of this period covers the time
the Democracts point to as years of
prosperity with the :" dollar of our
daddies." What metal was then
doing the work and doing it satis-
factorily if it was not gold ? The
amount of silver coined from 1878
to June 30, 1896 was $430, 700, ,041.
Here was silver enough to do I" part
of the work that gold is now doing"
but it does not appear that this me-
tai was ambitious. The work has
not been done and it must be the
fault of silver. Neither has gold
been overworked in that period. In
fact both metals seem to be taking
a rest, it would be proper perhaps
for our friends to explain the cause
of this ldleness and find some incen-
tive to set the lazy idle dollars at
work We suggest a dose of protec-
ton to our home industries, and re-
stored and confirmed confidence, by
the election of Mckinley and the
stamping out of the free coinage
heresy. This done, these idle dol
lars will begin their labors cheer
fully, and go rolling out through the
length and breadth of our land, Civ
ing comfort by their presence and
adding joy to the homes of the thou
sands of the despondent in our coun-
try.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28
Editorial.
INFORMATION OF INTEREST

1NI lO4N NJE l4N GlOi4tO1
These concise and clear definitions
from the Educator will enable our
readers to fully understand the
meaning of many terms now in daily
use, and are worth preserving. Bull
ion. Gold or Silver in bars, or in
gots, uncoined. Kinds of money in
use. Gold coins of $50, SO, S. and
$3.50. Silver coins; of 81. so cents,
25 cents and 10 cents, Nickel cent
coins, 3 cent nickels and cents.
United States notes (Greenbacks)
Treasury notes United States gold
certificates issued upon deposits of
gold coins United States SILVER GER
tiicates, issued upon deposits of sill
yer dollars United States currency
certificates issued on deposits of
United States notes to National
banks only issue now suspended,
National bank notes issued by Ma
tional banks. Subsidiary coin, Sill
yer coin of so. 25 and 10 cents Min
or coin nickel and cent pieces
and cents. Money of the constitu-
ton. The constitution gives con-
gress power "to coin money and re-
gulate the value thereof" and of
foreign coins and forbids the States
to coin money or make anything
but gold and silver tender in pay
ment of debts. y.
Ratio of 16 to 1. In the proper
tion of 16 grains of silver to of
gold or more precisely of 15, 9SS to
that is a silver dollar contains 371 .25
grains of pure silver, and a gold
dollar 23. % grains of pure gold, there
being 16 grains in the former to in
the latter.
Origin of the Ratio.-Fixed by
law in 1892 at Is to 1, representing
the relative commercial values of
the metals in 1884 changed to 49,
002 to and to present ratio in 1887.
Grains in gold dollars 1922 of pure
gold and 2.58 of alloy. No gold dol
lars are now coined but this is the
proportion in eagles, double-eagles
half-eagles, and quarter-eagles.
Grains in a silver dollar 371 .25 of
pure silver, and Alps of alloy.
Trade dollar Authorized by Con-
gress in 1873 for foreign use. Coin
age discontinued in 1873 by order of
Treasury. Contained 378 grains OF
pure silver and AZ of alloy. By act
of 1857 it was for six months re-
deemed in standard silver dollars,
and its furthur coinage prohibited.
Free coinage of ilver.-Coinage by
the United States mints of all silver
offered, free of charge to the owners
of the bullion, into legal tender
money.
Unlimited Coinage of silver. Coin.
age of all silver bullion offered
Independent Coinage of silver
Unrestricted coinage independently
of other nations.
Seigniorage THE difference be
tween the cost of bullion purchased
by the Government and its fac
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28
THE DUTY oF AssEssORs.

Under sections 2 and 3 of the
Registration Act of 1895 it is the
duty of the Assessor of each election
district to be present at the election
house Of said district during the two
secular days, the last of which shall
be the sixty second day before the
Tuesday next following the first
Monday of November to wit Tues
day and Wednesday the first and
second days Of September from the
hours of 10 o'clock a. m. to O'Clock
p. m. and from O'Clock p. m. to
O'Clock p. m. of each of said days for
the purpose of hearing and acting
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28
COMMISSIONERS SALE

The undersigned, the County Commits
sioners of the County of Pike, will sell to
highest bidders the several seated and
unseated tracts of land enumerated below,
at the Court House, in Milford, on
Thursday, October lst, 1896,
commencing at 2 o'clock.
SEATED LANDS
BIoorniHR Grove TOWNSHIPS.
Mitchell, Walter, n. T. 78 acres unimpd.
David Ridgeway, No. 81, 100 acres, un-
impd.
Isaac Decow. No. 1O4, adjoining lands of
Amanda Schlner and John Newman.
Delaware Township.
Laing, John w. est 100 acres unimpd,
part of ThOs Carney, No. 14S, adjoining
lots No. 147 and 149.
Greene Township.
French, James, II. r, 261 acres. unimpd,
Howe and Elliot, No. 157 adjoining lands
of Chas. Blitz and Josiah Whitaker.
Peifer, Lewis, II. r. 100 acres unimpd, Mary
Stocker, No. 266, adjoining lands of Ru-
dOlph Linck and Levi Shaw
LsckaWaRen Township.
Bovee, Christian, n. r., 2 acres unimpd and
house, adjoining lands of J r. Kilgour
and N. Y. l.. E. & w. r. r. Co.
Bramer, N. W., est. lots in. Mast Hope,
Barn adjoining lands of Julius Scharff
and II. d. Shay.
Crissman, Frank, n. r, 30 acres unimpd,
adjoining lands of David Mcintyre and
James Selden.
Kettle, Jonas, est house and lot, adjoining
lands of A. J. Rogers and ID. q H. Canal
Co.
Moran, James, II. r. 80 acres unimpd, lot
No. 1, adjoining lands of John MoHale
and Michael Grady
Riviere, n. r., II. r. 9 acres impd, 80 acres
unimpd, adjoining lands of Patrick
Moran and others Formerly assessed
to Thomas Gaffney.
Riviere, E. T., n r. 80 acres unimpd, ad-
joining lands of Percival w Davis and
Iachariah Daley.
Wilson, George, n r. 100 acres unimpd, ,ad-
joining lands of VIM. Holbert and David
Mcintyre,
acres, unimpd house, adjoining lands of
b. G. Park Association and John Smith.
Westbrook Lafayette, n +. 100 acres un-
impd, Isaac Decow No. 104, adjoining
lots No. 105 and So
Lehman Township.
Campbell, VIM, H. r. go acres. unimpd ad-
joining lands of Mrs q. h. Ratinger and
Jacob Ottenheimer.
McCarty Arthur n r. acres unimpd
adjoining lands of Harriet Cook est, and
Abram Gariss est.
Palmyra Township.
Skinner John, n. r. house and lot, adjoin-
ing lands of Newcomb Kimble and
Abram Eade, est
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28
NOTICE.

All persons ARE hereby notified that
throwing or burning papers or refuse Of
any kind in the streets of the Borough is
prohibited.
By order of the town council,
j. G. CHAMBERLAIN,
President, pro TEN.
Attest, d. II. HORNBECK, Sec'y.
Milford, May 8, 1896.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28
WHAT A DOLLAR is WORTH.

WHAT A DOLLAR is WORTH.
You may take gold dollar and
the metal in it is worth 100 cents,
you may melt it, pound it out of
shape, or put it in any form and it
is still worth 100 cents and you can
get that for it just as well as when
it was in the coin. The metal in
silver 16 to dollar is worth SO cents
and the moment you change its
shape, that is all you can get for it.
The coin contains 412% grains of
standard silver, and that at the cur
rent market rates is worth 50 cents.
The free silver man says that if the
government should remonetize sill
yer and coin it on equal terms with
gold then the 412% grains would be
worth 100 cents. If this is true then
the government should monetize
iron or lead and say that a specific
quantity should be worth 100 cents.
Why notP If the fiat of government
makes the value, it can make it out
of one metal as well as another.
The fact of silver being so called
precious metal" makes no differ
ence. A thing is precious in propro-
tion to it's scarcity. If we could
pick up diamonds as readily as
quartz crystals, diamonds would
cease being precious stones.
If the farmers want to be really
benefited by free coinage they should
ask that iron be monetized and then
their stoves, old horn shoes, plough
shares. and all the scraps of iron
around the farm could be turned in
to 100 cent dollars. If free coinage
will increase the value of one metal
it will of another. There is prece-
dent for the use of other metals for
money, and other meterials too.
The Indians used beads, Mexico soap
Abysinna salt, Tartary tea, Burmah
lead, Carthage leather, Russia plati-
mum, Britain tin, and Spa rita iron.
The Democrat insists that "the
actual value of the metal in the coin
makes no matter anyway. There
is not a cents worth of value in pa
per one hundred dollar bills,yet they
pass for full value, and so would
the SO cent dollar The answer is
paper is not standard money. The
bill derives its value from the sole
fact that the government is willing
and able, and legally bound to re-
deem it in gold. But the Populist
would make silver a standard, and
the standard must be measured by
itself, the paper dollar is not. The
government when it wants to make
paper money buys paper at the mar
ket price and stamps it, and when
it wants to make silver coins it buys
silver at the market price. If the
reasoning of the Populist is sound he
should demand that the government
stamp paper or cloth or whatever he
pleases to furnish, or has the most
of, into dollars for his use. This is
the rational end and logical conclu-
sion of the free coinage argument.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

1. BEAVER SKIN. II. FIsH-Latterly, how
HOOK. I'LL WAMPUM. ever, pieces of
bent wire were substituted for real
hooks. Wampum was the currency of
the more civilized Indian tribes in New
England and on Long Island. It con-
sisted Of white beads, made from the
ends of a periwinkle shell or black
beads made from clam she'll arranged
in strings or belts. 1t became the Off
cial money Of New England and New
Amsterdam and lost its place as money
between 1850 and 1900, when the
"Smart Alecks" among the whites be-
gan to debase it by leaving the beads
unpublished or unpierced or by making
them of bone, horn, glass and even Of
wood The colonists legislated much
trying to fix prices, and to save wam-
pun from declining in value, but it was
being produced too cheaply. Natural
law was against it, and it had to go.
The use Of shells as money is still
common on many tropical coasts. Their
wide use is probably due to the strong
passion, common to primitive man, for
personal adornment This gives shells q
permanent value, Besides they are very
durable, comparatively light and are
convenient for small change. Whales
teeth, arrowheads, beads, tusks of ivory
and engraved stones are some of the other
money materials of this and later stages
of civilization.
The Pastoral Stage.
Man early tanned the domestic ami
mails The sheep and the COW being the
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

traded with the
Indians Thus 1
beaver equals 1
brass kettle; 1
beaver equals Q
shillings; 6 bea-
vers equal 1 gal
lon brandy, etc.
Fishhooks form
ed the currency
on the northern
shores Of the In
dian ocean from
Persia toCeylon.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

more money" is the delusive cry of
the silverites in their campaign for
cheap dollars But they do not attempt
to show how a i6 to free coinage law,
which would put our 5000, 900, 900 gold
at premium of nearly 90 per cent and
drive it all out of circulation, could pos
sible give us more money than we have
now.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

1. INTERNAL TRADE. When men be-
gan to live in cities, to have regular
markets where products were exchanged
and to have shopkeepers or merchants
and professional traders, there was
great need Of more exact and scientific
money such as could be supplied only
by the metals These began to be cast
or stamped into regular forms, sizes or
weights Bronze bars and stamped
bronze pieces were used in Greece and
Italy. The bronze piece here represented
shows the evolution from cattle money
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

The Chautauqua News of Sherman,
N. Y, contains in its latest number an
advertisement which we copy free Of
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

The Republican Convention for
Northampton will be held Sept. 20,
at Easton, and will nominate a full
county ticket, and select conferees
to the Congressional Convention
which will be held at that place
Sept. 2sth. Hon w. S. Kirkpatrick,
former attorney general, will be the
choice of that county for candidate
for Congress. No better nomina-
tion could be made.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

and they are to-
day in Anam
Little hoes, such
as the one here
figured, took the
place of real hoes
and became q
true money.
Hand made
nails once oircu-
lated as money
in some Scotch
villages. Sonre
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

skins (and some
times with their
milky, form o d
the currency and
the unit of value.
Our words fee,
pecuniary and
capital come
from the use of
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

VIII CHINESE HOE. TX. OF the other
HANDMADE NAILS. money articles
that may perhaps belong to this stage
are cotton cloth, straw hats, cubes Of
salt, tea, beeswax, knives and silk cloth
II was probably In this stage that the
precious metals began to be measured
and weighed more accurately and to be
cast into standard forms
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

V. INDIAN CORN. VI To- cy IN Newfound-
BAoco. VII GOLDFISH land. Sugar,
rum, ginger, olive of. eggs, indigo and
molasses are some Of the products that
have been used in different countEiaA
The friends Of tobacco and corn tried
hard TO prevent these crimes against
humanity but the copper, gold and
silver bug conspirators came out on top
In spite of special legislation In the In
terests Of tobaooo and corn. This was a
hara blow to our country. There Is
plenty Of tobacco, corn, eggs and mo-
lasses to give Us all the per capita"
we could carry If the crime Of demoneti-
zation had not been committed against
them, thereby causing prices Of theee
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

and other articles, except the precious
metals, to fall precipitately. Economists
tell us that these articles ceased 10 be
used as money because they lacked
some essential quality. They say that
some were perishablei others bulky
and hard to transport; others could not
be easily divided for the purpose Of
making changes others were not uni
form in size or quality, while nearly all
lacked stability of value But every to-
bacco, corn, molasses or egg producer
and every lover Of the weed, Of omelets
or of johnny cake and sorghum knows
that they were demonetized because
they were so plentiful that the Shylocks
could not monopolize them as easily az
they could the precious metals.
Manufacturing Stage.
The manufacturing stage Is not CLEARLY
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

(no change given) for live stock and produce
delivered at Sherman:
Steers weighing 1000 pounds
or over, fine and fat.....6 cents per pound
Heifers weighing 600 pounds
or over, fine and fat.-...5 cents per pound
Sheep, fat and heavy......5 cents per pound
Lambs. fat and heavy.......716 cents per pound
Veels, fine and fat...........s cents per pound
Pigs weighing 100 TO 100
pounds. ....., .............5 so cents per pound
Best Hoistein milk cows.....S50 per head
No. creamery butter.......& cents per pound
Fine factory cheese..........10 10 cents per pound
These dollars contain more pure silver than
the United States dollar.
EY- Those who deliver stock in droves
should bring an extra horse to draw homo
their money.
Dated Aug, l.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

Entered at the post office of
Milford, Pike county, Pennsylvania,
as second-class matter, November
twenty first, 1895.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

upon applications to be made, or re-
lating to names upon the original
registry list, or that are sought to be
placed thereon or struck therefrom.
as provided in said Act
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28


FROM W. AFRICA. XII. CHINESE "CAsH." T"
XIII. COPPER AS
TO stamped metallic money. Weights in
the form of sheep indicate that sheep
were in Biblical times the unit Of
value in Palestine.
Iron was used as money in Sparta.
Pieces of bent iron ready for the black
smith pass as money in west Africa
and elsewhere.
"Cash" or "sapeks" or "le" is the
only native coin and the only legal
tender of China as we'll as the principal
money Of small accounts. Cash consists
of round disks Of kind of brass with a
square hole in the center. The evolution
of cash is interesting. About 200 B. @.
the Chinese were still using bronze
currency representing knives 30
inches long, with a hole in one end of
the handle. By 500 A. D. the knives
were 1-6 inches long and the hole or
ring was larger. Later the handle dis
appeared and the ring was attached to
the blade, which was increased in thick
ness to give the same weight as former
ly. Still later the blade was gotten rid
of and the ring was pierced with a
square hole for the string. Thus trans
formed the original and cumbersome
knife money became a comparatively
convenient currency, though the value
has deprecated greatly, partly because
of reduced size and inferior quality of
metal used.
Cash is the basis Of all price compu-
tations in China. Considerable sums
may be paid in gold or silver, but they
are treated as merchandise and are
bought and sold by weight without a
government stamp to guarantee weight
and fneness.
The as was brass coin used In Italy
until after 300 A. d.
2. INTERNATIONAL TRADE - When
trade became international, there was
still greater need for the most accurate
and reliable counters of value possible.
Real coinage began when governments
first guaranteed weight and fineness
with an official stamp. A great part
Of this immense gain TO commerce
and civilization was lost when, after
awhile, monarchs began to abuse this
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

The greatest parts without dis
erection may be fatal to their owner.
Hume.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28
A. b. SHELDON.

Mr.. Sheldon is able to do what he
promises to do. He is giving the farm
ers Of Chautauqua the benefit of the in
flated prices which the advocates of
90 cent dollar desire and is doing it
without asking the United States gov
ernment to become a repudiator and
sWindler.
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28

um OF exchange
in Norway and
other re ote
parts of Europe
Maize or Indian
corn, once form
ed the currency
Of Mexico, Cen
tral America and
some Of the early
colonies. Tobao-
CO formed the
principal money
of Virginia and
Maryland. It
was legal tender
In Maryland In
1889. The price
of wives varied
from 100 70 100
pounds Of tobao-
co. Dried goldfish
was once curren-
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28
WAR PRICES.
MRxIcAN s1LvER poLIAP

In order to assist those who believe in the
"white metal" will pay the following prices
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28
County Auditor

Having been solicited by a number Of
friends / hereby offer myself candidate
for nomination 10 the oflloe of
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28
Advertising Rates.

One square(eight lines) one insertion 100
Each subsequent Insertion so
Reduced rates will be furnished on ap-
tisers
Pike County press. (Milford, Pa.) 1895-1925, 1896-08-28
PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY.

OFFICE, browns BUILDING, BROAD ST.