davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen., 1896-07-10

If you desire to pack your butter and
await a rise in the market use stone
jars. Have them perfectly clean, sweet
and cold; sprinkle salt lightly in the
bottom ard on the sides. Be sure that
all buttermilk is worked out. Place the
butter in the jar, and with the wooden
potato masher, previously scalded and
rinsed afterward, press evenly and firm
"; have a cloth (an inch larger in cir
cumference than the jar) wrung out
OF cold water, lay it over the butter and
press out all the air, cover with an inch
of salt, spread evenly, and press the
cloth close to the side of the jar. When
the next lot is ready to pack, take off
the cloth, salt and all, and lay it in
dish to be used again. The cloth and
salt are to exclude the air. Proceed
IN the same manner as before until
The jar is within an inch of being full;
,hen cut cloth that will just cover
she butter, press so as to exclude all
strong as can be made. 1t does not mat
ter if it be thickened with salt. Tie
dp with another cloth, three or four
.hicknesses, and cover all with plate
or wooden cover. When wanted to use,
remove salt and brine; rinse, and work
put into rolls. Butter so prepared will
keep almost indefinitely and preserve
its flavor.-Mrs. A. G. Mcpherson, in
Ohio Farmer
The citizen., 1896-07-10
MARKETING BUTTER.
1t Pays to Put 1t UP In Neat and Attrac-
tive Packages.

tive PACKAGES.
Whether sales are made to stores or
regular customers, it pays to send but
ter away in as good shape as possible.
Some customers prefer their butter in
rolls containing one pound. deft
handler of the ladle will readily appor-
tion and shape the proper amount,
after some experience, and affix her
stamp, which should be uniform and as
simple as is consistent with true ele-
gance, as fern leaf, for example. IT
the butter maker is inexperienced, or
has no scales with which every house
keeper should be provided), then pro-
cure a "butter-cutter," which cuts the
butter into rolls or brick-shaped blocks
containing one pound, and adso affiXes
a stamp. We believe these cutters can
be procured at most stores.
While the nice tact of most women
will discern what is proper, and so sup
ply dainty and nice surroundings for
their butter when sending away to mar
l<ct yet we have known some who were
careless in this respect, and sent a
really fine article away wrapped in any
odds and ends of muslin that came to
hand. We have even known butter to
be sent to "stores" wrapped in pocket
bandlSerchiefs, and the lady who SO ap-
parellcd it thought she was doing the
genteel thing, too. In these days OF
chcapness there is no excuse for any
housekeeper, no difference how limited
her circumstances may be, not provid-
ing herself with at least two or three
napkins or towels of linen, which should
be set apart for butter alone, and not
be made to do duty as a bib for baby,
or to polish table ware. If no better
can really be afforded, rather than de-
pend upon fragments" of apparel, save
the sacks of thin muslin that dairy salt
is sold in; rip apart, hem, laundry nice
ly, and after wetting in brine, wrap one
around each roll. Never wrap butter in
paper, unless parchment paper is used.
If your butter is to be sent to dis
tant market, use wooden buckets or
tubs, which should be soaked in brine
before the butter is packed in them.
The citizen., 1896-07-10
THEY GO TOGETHER.
Better Roads and Wider Tires Are Needed
Everywhere.

Everywhere.
Farmers have more reason to agitate
for good roads than any other class, not
even excepting bicyclers. Good roads
to the former mean economy in reach
ing markets; often better markets, be-
cause they could be reached at the
right time; advantages of social life
in the winter and early spring; saving
in time and in the wear and breakage of
wheeled vehicles, and a general adj
vance in all that pertains to higher
state of civilization.
Bicyclers are doing much to pro-
mote good ROADS. Now is the time for
our farmers to make positive move
in cooperation with them.
One improvement must go along with
that of better construction and drain
age of the roads. The wheels of all
vehicles should have wider tires. In
France the width of tire is from three
to ten inches, with the bulk of four
wheelers six inches. In Germany every
wagon for heavy loads must have at
least four-inch tire; Austria requires
a tire of Az inches wide; Switzerlad
requires all draft wagons to have Il
six-inch tire. If we were to build good
roads our wagons, as now constructed,
would speedily destroy them. They
are road-destroyers as certainly as If
built for the purpose. Go on and build
the roads, and begin at once to reform
the wagon wheels.-Western Rural.
The citizen., 1896-07-10
THE ROAD MOVEMENT.
Bicyclists Should Tax Themselves Will
ingly to Inaugurate 1t.

Bicyclists Should Tax Themselves WILL
ingly to Inaugurate 1t.
That the "good roads" plank sug-
gested by the League of American
Wheelmen was not incorporated in the
St. Louis platform was not due to any
lack of interest in the good roads move
ment. 1t is not probable that plank
of this kind will be incorporated in the
platform adopted at any national con-
vention.
A more direct way to accomplish
practical work in this direction is to go
before the various state legislatures
with carefully matured plans for in
stituting system of road building that
will commend itself to the country law
makers and secure favorable action.
A tax of one dollar per year upon
each wheel would yield nearly $2oO'ooO
in Chicago alone and would be opposed
by very few wheelmen if it were applied
directly to roadmaking. This is merely
one of the numerous plans suggested
for inaugurating the movement IN III,
nois. A dollar u wheel would bulia
more highways than 1000 "good roads
planlks in national platforms.-Chlcago
Times-Herald.
The citizen., 1896-07-10
Hogs on a Dairy Farm.

The Indiana Farmer says: "a gentle
man who grows and fattens rs to 100
hogs in connection with his creamery,
says that in this way he utilizes all the
product, except the butter, and makes
the business pay him largely. He never
has any hog cholera, for he keeps every
thing clean in connection with his pig
feeding, and the milk with bran and
meal makes a succulent ration that
keeps the pigs very free from feverish
conditions, and therefore very healthy
The milk and buttermilk with the bran,
meal, ETC., makes them grow rapidly,
and at eight months he has 175-pound
pigs to put on the market. He says by
combining the two branches Of BUSH
ness he finds it very profitable"
The citizen., 1896-07-10

sisted somewhat to fill the deficiency.
Just after the fruit has been gathered is
the time to commence "tipping" your
plants. Cultivate the soil very finely
and dig little holes two to three inches
deep, and bend the tip ends of the canes
into them perpendicularly, not slant
ingly, and cover with dirt to hold them
in place. (See Fig. 2.) By following
this method attentively it is possible
to make above hundred plants from
vigorous plant in season.
The red raspberry and blackberry
are propagated from the roots sprout-
ing up. 1t is quite an item to the farmer
and fruit grower to understand propa-
cation; they may just have only one
plant of rare variety and increase it
to many the same season, thus getting
start very cheaply, even if they do
pay big price for the first Ones. C.
Vaughn, IN Farm and Fireside.
The citizen., 1896-07-10
MAKE 1T AN ISSUE.
The Bad Roads Question In Township and
County Politics.

The Bad Roads Question In Township and
County Politics.
Discussing the bad roads question in
the light of a local campaign issue, the
Los Angeles (Cal) Times makes the
pertinent question:
\ by way of starter in this matter,
now would it do this fall to make cam
didates for supervisors take a cast-iron
pledge to favor a comprehensive system
Of road Improvement that will put an
end to the present extravagant method
OF tinkerng roads, and give us the be-.
ginning of a first-class system of pub
Hc highways? Our present method, or
rather lack of method, of constructing
reads IS eXtravagant and ridiculous, and
would have excited the derision of those
early road builders 1000 years or moro
ago. whose work still remains in good
observation on the continent of Eu-
cfe. The American idea of a country
'oad appears to be to level off the soil,
onu Wherever there is hole filling 1T
WIN loose dirt-and then filling it
'eain 1t needs as much science to con-
suuct a first-class road that will last as
- uoes to put IN a building, yet it is
~hen Tor granted lat the first man you
oiees on the street can build a road.
sOnsequently it is no wonder that the
.Odus OF this country cost every five
se1rs almost as much as the courthouse,
~ sau then we have nothing to show for
The citizen., 1896-07-10
DAIRY SUGGESTIONS.
Always strain the milk as soon as /
is drawn.

Always strain the milk as soon as IL
is drawn.
Butter once thoroughly warmed
through will lose its flavor.
The milking should never be hurried,
but the milk be drawn steadily and as
it flows.
There is great difference in dairy
salt; test samples before buying in
large quantities.
Hot weather is trying time for butt
ter. Eternal vigilance is the price Of
a frst-class article.
1t is the attention paid to seemingly
insignificant things in dairying that
make or mar the profits.
Churning at too high a temperature,
or too long, will produce greasy butter,
in which the grain is injured.
Large cows need more feed than
smaller ones, and a COW in the flush Of
milk needs more than when dry.
If you fear notifies in butter never
ship it until it has been tested. Work
out the streaks if any are in it.
1t is essential in dairying that the
food of the cows be uniform, and the
supply should be arranged to have it
so.-Rural World.
The citizen., 1896-07-10
A HUMAN ARROW.
New Trapeze Feat Performed by q Girl
OF seventeen.

New Trapeze Feat Performed by q Girl
of seventeen.
A pretty little acrobat has introduced
a new sensation to this country, says
the Boston Advertiser. She climbs to
a lofty perch, lies fiat on her face upon
a smooth plank, with her feet rest
ing against velvet-covered block of
wood attached to the string Of huge
cross bow. Then she stiffens her body,
extends her hands in front of her and
cries 'ready." A catch is pulled, the
string of the bow sings as it cuts the
air, and little Alar is hurled, as rigid
as steel bar. head first through a pa
per target at which she had been care
fully aimed, and sails through the air
in a graceful curve to the other side
of the big tent, where, just as she be-
gins to descend, she is caught by an
other woman, who swings head down
ward, hanging from trapeze, which
oscillates in such a manner that, just
at the right moment, it brings the
dangling woman within reach of the
flying girl. and just as the spectators
are wondering whether the little one is
going to land and how badly she will
be hurt, they see her safely dropped
into a comfortable and inviting pair of
arms
The citizen., 1896-07-10
THE CITIZEN FREDERICK FRIDAY MORNING. TO- 1896

along the principal veins on the under
size OF the leaf. These hatch in about
ten days, and the young larvae NAV be
detected by the minute holes which
they have eaten through the leaves.
AS they approach maturity they be-
come ravenous eaters, soon strinpinp
the bushes of their foliage. They then
seek for secluded place in which to
pupate, and in about four or five weeks
the second brood makes it's appearance
and the same process is gone through
as before.
Remedy.-The most successful RENE
dy yet discovered for this insect is
white hellebore. Dust a little of the
powder over the infested bushes while
they are damp, either early in the
morning or just after shower. If
this Is done promptly, before the worms
have spread all over the bushes, one or
two applications will usually be suf-
fiCient
The citizen., 1896-07-10
HOW TO KEEP A MILK RECORD.

HOW TO KEEP MILK RECORD.
with scales for' weighing. Tack to the
board some loose sheets of writing
paper, as shown in the cut, and as the
milk from each COW is drawn weigh it
and put the record in black and white
or the paper. Each sheet may be ruled
for seven days. With such a record
one can see instantly what COWS rel
spond, and to what extent, to increase
of feed. Don't keep a COW without
knowing whether or not she is doing
the square thing by you when you are
doing the square thing by her.-N. Y.
Tribune,
The citizen., 1896-07-10

THE ROMAN ROADS.
Same of Them Are Still in Use and Call
for No Repairs.

Same of Them Are Still in Use and Call
for No Repairs.
The Roman road was built for eter-
ritv. When the roadbed had been pre-
rared by excavation it was carefully
tefIled. regardless of expense, with
,rors of sand, stones and cement. The
s1rface was so solidly dressed that the
wear and tear was reduced to mini
rrm. Investigations with regard to
the preparation of the roadbeds were
made years ago by Bergier on Roman
noads that are still in use in France, and
with the following results: In one road
+ba excavation down to hardpan was
+bree feet deep. This trench was filled
nm first with a layer of sand and cement
on inch thick; then came a foot layer of
aattish stones and cement; then foot
1aver of small travelled stones and
cement. These last two layers were so
hard and firmly knit together that tools
could break off fragments only with
GREAT difficulty. The next layer con-
sisted of q foot of cement and sand,
covered with a top-dressing of gravel.
In dIOl IlCI ICf4Ai III dAASO lAAS AOOO ANAD VI
of cement and sand changed places
with the layer of cement and travelled
stones. A third road in France was ex-
amined at a point where it had been
raised 20 feet above the level of the sur
rounding country, and vertical sec
tiop revealed structure of five layers.
First came the great fill of 1872 feet;
e fill 1Ihnu TNInnad fret q
foot layer of fattish stones and cement,
then foot layer of flattish stones with
out mortar Of any kind, then half-foot
layer Of firmly-packed dirt, then a
half-foot layer of small gravel in hard
cement, and, lastly, half-foot layer
of cement and large gravel.
Paved roads were exceptional. An
example Of paved roads is the Via Ap-
pia. whose pavement consists of hard
kind of stone. such as is used for mill
stones. The stones of this pavement
, are carefully hewn and fitted together
so precisely that the road often appears
to be solid rock, and has proved to be
so indestructible that after 1000 years
Of continuous use it is still magnifi-
cent road. Ordinarily, however, the top
dressing of the road consisted of gravel
and hard cement, and when, in the
countless inscriptions such and such
governor is said to have restored
given road, reference is made to this top
dressing of gravel and cement. The
width of the military road was usually
60 feet; the raised center being 20 feet
wide, with side tracks each of the width
of 20 feet In some roads the raised
center was paved, while the side tracks
were dressed with gravel and cement.
The viae privatae and the feeders of
the military roads were usually dirt
roads. They were much narrower than
the military roads; sometimes they had
width of only ten feet, and, indeed,
the feeders of the Via Appia were only
two feet wide, but paved. The width of
the Roman roads, all told, varied. there
fore, from two to 100 feet.-N. Y. In
dependent.
The citizen., 1896-07-10
JUST REVERSED.
How Bridget Interpreted the Dream That
Went by Contraries.

How Bridget Interpreted the Dream That
Went by Contraries.
An old Irishwoman, who has received
may benefits at the hands of benevo-
lent minister and his wife, is so shift
less that occasionally the large-heart-
ed couple lose all patience with her;
but she has such a sense of humor, and
such a beguiling tongue that she
never fails to amuse them and finally
to win them back.
At one time when money was given
her to buy warm underclothing with,
she wasted it upon a large photograph
album The minister spoke to her
with considerable severity, as did also
his wife, and for some time Bridget
received 10 calls frcm either of them.
One afternoon, however, the minister
relented and stopped at Bridget's door
on his way to see a sick woman.
''Shure, and it's mesilf that dreamed
liams," said Bridget, with beaming
smile. "Oidreamed that you and Missus
Williams came here to see me, and
says you: How are you off for tay and
coffee, Bridget?' and Oh says: It's
niver drop of ayther Olive got in the
house, Misther Williams!' And thin
you presinted me wild 2 pound of tay,
and Missus Williams wild q pound OF
coffee on the shpot! Yis, SORT. that was
me dream"
"Well, Bridget said the minister,
striving not to smile, "you know dreams
are said to go by contraries."
GGSb,tre on1 that's fwhat Gi said to
mesilf." exclaimed Bridget, triumph
antly. "Said Oh, 'Misther Williams is
the wan that'll be giving me the coffee
and NIissus Williams the tay!' Thin
was my very thoughts, sorr.
The citizen., 1896-07-10
HOW DuELs ARE STARTED.
''oIoral Box on the Ear" Given In Lot
ter Is an Insult.

"oIoral Box on the Ear" Given in a Let
ter Is an Insult.
Arthur Thiele, a young student ut
the high school of technology in Char
lottenburg, near Berlin, has been sent
to fortress for nine months because
he provoked and fought with DR.. Brock
elmann, says the New York Sun.
Brockelmann was Thiele's second in
a sword duel, and in his comments
ON the meeting criticised severely one
of Thiele's strokes. Thiele regarded
the criticism as an insult. He chal-
lenged the doctor, but a court of honor
decided the doctor was under no obli-
cation to accept the challenge. This
decision angered Thiele. He was deter
mined to have duel at any price. So
he sat down and wrote what, to his Ger
man mind, was the most insulting let
ter he could think out. This letter
reached it's climax in the sentence:
"You may regard yourself as moral
ly boxed on the ear by the under
signed"
To Brockelmann's German mind, too,
this seemed an insult that only blood
could wipe out. Thus it came that
early one morning Thiele and Brock
elmann found themselves ten PAGES
apart in the Grunewald and shot at
each other until Tliele fell with dam
gerous wound in the abdomen. Thiele
fingered for days between life and
death, but after once taking a turn
for the better, recovered rapidly. With
nine months rest in Prussian fort
ress he will be fully restored to health.
The citizen., 1896-07-10

chance. If the well is not large enoGgh
for square frame, a stout hoop can be
used, thus economizing space. 1t is
surprising how nicely milk and many
other articles can thus be kept in a
deep well, even in extraordinary hot
weather. 1t is equally surprising how
many families fail to use this simple
device, which is so easily made and so
very onvenient.-Orange Judd Farmer.
The citizen., 1896-07-10
FIG. 1.

plant In one season. The plant is pun
in a very rich bed, deeply trenched and
enriched the year previously with all
the manure that can be mixed thereon.
The plant then set, work the soil about
it frequently, but not deep. Remove.
all the runners that appear at first. AS
the plant gains strength, permit the
runners to remain, and draw them out
in all directions from the parent plant,
laying a small stone over each where
the leaves appear. (See Fig. ~ When
rooted, separate them, set them from
four to six feet apart each way, and
treat them in the same manner as just
described above for the parent plant.
Continue this course, watering in time,
of drought with diluted liquid manure.
Soil SO rich as that is not desirable for
producing fruit, but Is just the thing
for growing more plants.
Propagating the black raspberry is
also easy to perform. If we observe;
closely the plants in the woods and
learn the nature of self-propagation we
would be more benefited therefrom. We
observe the blackcap, with it's long canes
dropping the tips to the rich loose
ground, where they coil and assume q
snakish appearance and send out root
lets into the rich soil, thus forming a
new plant. The natural mode Of self
propagation is almost unknown in a
great many places nowadays, since the
woods are being cleared out, as the.
winds have full sway, swinging the
plants to and fro, forbidding them fix
ing theT tips in the ground. Natural
conditions have been changed to some
extent, and now nature has to be as
The citizen., 1896-07-10

Has Some Spirit, But Not Enough De-
cision and Energy.

Has Some Spirit, But Not Enough De-
cision and Energy.
The yak, or wild OK of Tibet, has
sufficient spirit to turn and attack .
hunter. If it had more perseverance
it would prove dangerous enemy.
Col. Pre- ejevalski, in his account of his
travels In the Tibetan mountains, mar
rates an adventure which illustrates
the yall's disposition:
l was returning to camp when saw
several old yaks grazing on little
plateau. / fired on them, and one fell
and slipped down the snowy slope.
Stunned by his fall, he lay motionless
at the bottom of the ravine. l ran to
dred feet away, he rose and tried to
flee. / fired, but the ball did not touch
him.
Then he turned and rushed at me.
1 had only two cartridges; fired one
at distance of 70 feet, and one at a
distance of so feet. He stopped when
he was quite near me, holding his head
down and lasb;ng his sides with his
tail.
1 was near enough to see his little
eyes and the blood which ran from his
nostrils. If he had had little more
decision and energy, l should have
been lost. l could not get away, and
had no weapon but my empty gun.
We stood looking at each other.
Presently he raised his head and
stopped lashing his sides. Evidently
he was getting over his anger. threw
myself on the ground, and without taxi
ing my eyes from him, crawled back
ward some 60 feet. Then jumped up
and walked away as fast as possible.
1 did not breathe freely until some
o00 feet Law between us
The citizen., 1896-07-10
A plan worth Considering.

The North Carolina experiment sta
ton advocates plan for buying and
selling cows at prices based upon their
milk yield. The rule is to pay $12 per
gallon for the milk given per day when
rich enough to show 31s' per cent. of
fat. To this price add or subtract a
dollar for every one-fourth of one per
cent. of fat, which the test shows the
milk to be above or below 311a per cent
The citizen., 1896-07-10
FOR BERRY GROWERS.
Hints on the Propagation of Strawberries
and Black Raspberries.

Hints on the Propagation of Strawberries
and Black Raspberries.
1t is not always best to invest too
much money in new things. Nowadays,
hundreds of new varieties of fruits are
being propagated and introduced
through the catalogues, describing the
characteristics and good qualities of
each in such way that would excite
ones curiosity and tempt them to in
vest. No doubt, though, some Of the
newer varieties are better than the old
ones. But if you desire to try some
thing new, don't ''go in too steep;" buy
just a few and try them, and if they
prove satisfactory, you can make more
of the same by propagating them your
self, just the same as the nurserymen.
II is possible to produce 500 to 1000
strawberry plants from one healthy
The citizen., 1896-07-10
A HORNLESS BUCK.
Killed In Michigan and Said to Be Unique
In This Country.

Killed In Michigan and Said to Be Unique
In This Country.
\ curious and exceedingly unusual
freak is reported by deer hunter to
Forest and Stream. The hunter was up
in Wexford county, Mich, and got on
a deer trail that had hoof marks plain
ly made by buck. Almost all hunters
of deer can tell buck from doe track.
After trailing the deer, and getting
within rod of it the buck leaped out of
a clump of brush and got knocked down
with bullet through the head.
The deer did not have any horns, al
though two-year-old, and weighing
150 pounds. Further, it never had had
any horns.
Does with horns, bucks with three
horns, dozens of spikes, and malformed
horns, have often been reported of
Michigan and other American deer, but
this is the first hornless American buck
reported, although some European deer
sometimes lack such weapons, but yet
are able to whip the horned ones.