davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30
THE oReeoRIAN CALENDAR.
why Cesar's System Was Corrected By
Pope Gregory XIII.

why Cesar's System Was Corrected By
Pope Gregory XIII.
The present time measurement that
IL now used by nearly all nations is the
remodeled system adopted by julius
Caesar in the year 46 b. @. There were
854, $50 and 800 days in the Greek year
at different times Under Numa the
Roman year had 800 days. and there
was so much variance between the civil
and the astronomical year that the au-
tumn feasts were celebrated in the
spring, and those of harvest in midwin-
ter. Every second year an extra month,
called Mercedonius. was added. This
month had no certain length. but was
arranged by the pontiffs as they saw
fit, which naturally gave rise to corrup-
tion and fraud. interfering with the du-
ration of Office and the collection of
debts In order to restore the seasons to
their proper months it was necessary
for Caesar to make the year in which he
inaugurated the change contain 445
days. On the hypothesis that the as
Economical year consisted Of 365 "a days.
days and the others 800. The extra day
was added to the 24th of February,
which was called Sexto- calendas, being
the sixth before the caieDdo. or ist Of
March, celebrated in honor of the ex-
pulsion of the kings. The additional
day was placed next TO this feast and
known as Observation-Disclosures.
But this year of Caesar was too long
by ii minutes and Is. 90 seconds, or
about three days in 400 years, so that
by A. ID. ] $50 the error amounted to
ten days at least. To correct this mis-
calculation, Pope Gregory XIII ordered
that Oct. 8, 1852, should be known as
Oct. 10. 1852, and to prevent a recur-
renee of the error it was arranged that
three intercalary days should be omitted
in four centuries-that is one in each
centenary year except the fourth. Thus
1900 was leap year; 100 and 1900
were not. The passing year 1896 was a
leap year, and, under ordinary oiIcum-
stances 1900 would be, but it will not
be, in order to come under the rule Of
the Gregorian calendar. Therefore the
years which have 866 days are, first,
those that are exactly divisible by A and
not Of 100; second. those that are exactly
divisible by 400 and not by 4, 900; hence
the year 1000 A. ID. will be leap year,
and the only one in the series of the
four centenary years.
All the Catholic countries adopted the
Gregorian calendar as soon as the papal
bull was issued, but it was not intro
duoed into England and her colonies
till 1862, the error then being II days.
The dates previous to that change are
referred to as old style, and sometimes
given both ways - as Washington 8
birthday, Feb. 11-22. -Chicago Tribune.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30
NEW YEARS DAY.
Customs and Superstitions of Various
Countries-Notable Events.

customs anu SuperstftiOns Oh NarfOus
Countries-Notable Events.
In Athens a new statue, either to a
god or a hero, was erected and conse-
Grated on the first day of every year.
On Jan. /, 1915, Louis XII of France
died, On the same day died Helvetius,
in 1772; Selvio Pellico, 1854.
In Silesia peculiar kind Of wine
made from grapes and seasoned with
honey and spices is used ON New Years
day.
In the south of France it is customary
for families of means to give their serv-
ants new suits on New Years day.
The celebrated march of General Monk
to London for the purpose of seating
Charles III on the throne of England be-
gan Jan. l, 1860.
In Norway there is a superstition
that the kind of fish caught ON New
Years day indicates the character of
the fishing during the year.
The custom of watching out the old
year and waiting for the new to begin
prevails in many countries, if not in
most of the civilized world.
Suetonius and Tacitus allude to the
custom common in their time among
the Romans of sending and receiving
presents on New Years day.
A special feature of New Years day
in ancient Babylon was the procession
in honor of Baal. The king himself
marched in this procession.
The first day of January was made
the beginning of the new year in Hol-
land, the Protestant districts of Ger
many and Russia, in the year 100.
In Coventry, England, God cakes are
made for New Years day. They are
triangular in shape. made Of paste, in
closing portion of mince meat Elk
change.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30
THE ELECTION OF JUDGES.
Bx-President Harrison's Objection
to the Mode of Selection.

Ex-President Harrison writes of 1.-The
Judicial Department of the Govern
ment" ia the January Ladies Home
Journal, and says with reference to the
general mode of selecting judges in the
majority of states: There has been
much discussion AS to the proper ten
ure for the judicial Office, and the
tendency, as expressed in the later
state constitutions, has been in favor
of limited terms. The earlier state
constitutions gave the appointment of
the judges TO the governor or the legs-
lature, but along with the demand for
limited terms for the judges came
another for their election by the peo-
pie, and in majority of states they are
nominated in the party conventions
and elected by popular vote, just as a
governor or sheriff is chosen. do not
think that either Of these changes is a
reform. Limited terms if they are long,
may be supported by many considera.
tions; but short terms, combined with
popular elections, have not, in my
opinion, secured as high a judicial
standard as prevailed before A Judge
who must go at short intervals before a
political convention for nomination,
and before the people for an election,
cannot have the same sense of indie
pendence and security that he would
have il his term were long or during
good behavior. The judicial Office
should be so organized that men of the
best abilities and attachments would
enter IL as career, and give their lives
and their ambitions wholly to it,"
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30
Probate Court Proceedins..

Following is synopsis of the pro
ceedings in Judge Heckert's court fol-
the week ending December 30:
Estate of Thomas Griffin, deceased
petition for appointment of admins
TRAITOR filed; hearing Jan 20.
Estate of Ransom Babcock, deceased
final account allowed; administrator
discharged
Estate of Jane Gage, deceased; adj
ministrator discharged.
Matter of George l.. Andrews, minor
guardian discharged
Estate of Robert +. Barnes deceas
ed; s. b. Monroe appointed acminis
traitor.
Estate of Julia Lewis, deceased; Geo
n. Hale appointed administration
Estate of johanna Van Wyner, de-
ceased; license TO sell real estate grant
ed.
Estate of Jane Alden, deceased; tinaI
account allowed.
Estate of Frances CARLY, deceased
final account allowed.
Estate of Oliver +. Cox, deceased
annual account allowed.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30

In Deerness, in Orkney, it used to be
the custom for large company of the
poorer people to go about from one
farmhouse to another and at each one to
sing long song appropriate to the sea-
son. At each house a good supper was
provided for them, and it is said that
any farmer would feel deeply hurt if he
were not visited. The guisers also used
to go about in certain places in Scotland
on New Years eve to play crude sort
of drama at each house and to receive
some slight reward for their efforts
The guisers were about the same as the
Christmas mummers, and their play
was about the same as that more COM
monty given at Christmas, which usu-
ally concerned ST. George and various
enemies whom he SUCCESSFULLY overcame,
the most entertaining naturally being
the dragon. Exchange.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30

Everybody knows how easy it is to
make good resolutions on the LIST of
January and how easy ii is to break
them on the I'd, provided they last till
then. Making resolutions which are
only to be broken is bad custom. 1t is
better that none should be made. But
people of olden time used at the mid
night between the two years to unbar the
doors of their houses to let the old year
out and the new year in. And so, with
out the undertaking of vows too easily
broken. bar might here or there be
taken down for the passing away Of
some old evil habit CT purpose or thought.
Selected.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30
Marriage Licenses

Alvin Shaw, 22; Amelia V. Palmer
II, both of South Haven.
BERTHE Osborne. "a, Arlington; Glars
Meacham, 1S, Paw Paw.
Frank b. Nelson, %; frankie M
Grannis, %, both of Paw Paw.
Richard Merrill, %; May Rendell, 81,
both of Covert.
Milford f. Sears, 30, Chicago; Clara
M. Warner, 10, South Haven.
M. Eugene Jacobs, %, Arlington;
Elva Brooks, 1S, Paw Paw.
George ID. Prindle, %. Lawton; Olive
l.. Bartlett, "a, Buchanan.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30
Attention. Com rades !

Brodhead post, &. A. r., will meet
at the post room, Thursday, at 100 p
m, and march in body To the resi-
dence of our late comrade, M. U. Rich
ardson, to pay our last tribute oi
respect To our honored comrade.
By order of II. j. LOvELAND,
Post Commander.
H. A. CHAPLIN AdIt.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30
Card of Thanks.

/ desire to publicly thank all who
were so kind to my mother during her
last illness, and also those who assisted
at the funeral, and especially the choir
for their services. Jos. SHERMAN.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30
OUR LOCAL MARKETS.
New Suits.

Moses Balding VS.. Jennie Balding;
bill To set aside deed
Ida Woodward VS.. Walter Wood
ward; divorce. w. n. Cook.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30
One Mistake Enough.

Some one has said that 1.-THE differ
ence between wise men and fools is
that, while both make mistakes, the
wise man does not make the mistake
again, but the fool does. The Ameri-
can people are not fools, and there was
never any reason to fear that they
would make again in 1899 the mistake
they made in 1892, when they put the
government into the hands of the free
traders. One mistake like that is enough.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30

Eczema in any part of the body is in
stautly relieved and permanently cured
by Doan's Ointment, the sovereign rem
edy for all itchness of the skin.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30
The Price of The Northerner

Is now, rs il has been in the past, 81 80
per wear. But we are making special
rate of 81 90 per year 10 ddrdnce paying
Subscribers only DO not expect the
special rate unless you comply with the
special conditions.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1896-12-30

From the date Of the creation to that of
the flood the Hebrew version calculates
1856 years; the Septuagint, 2,262; the
difference being coo years.
The herald., 1896-01-26

bodice whose front 10 strip of glace
silk and whose sides are wonderfully
figured brocade.
In another instance Of the flounce
flouncy, the sleeves are completely
formed by three deep flounces of sheer
white silk, and white gloves are drawn
to meet it above the elbows. The cor
sage is simply gathered to the belt and
across the low front runs wide band
of ruching, while a mass of white roses
perch upon each shoulder.
One of the most unique house wraps
I have ever seen is q tiny zouave of
figured grayish green silk, with a vel
vet collar and velvet band across the
bust, caught by steel bosses. Half
sleeves of the same fall over fieecy
sloping undersleeves of spider web gray
silk. which might as easily be white
muslin The belt is n wide, gathered
band of velvet. After such a reign of
big sleeves, the shoulders seem very
narrow, but l fancy we shall get bet
ter used to that. For shoulders and
hips cannot be both wide at once; and
as we see the latter bulging out, to all
The herald., 1896-01-26

before seeing the iguana alive Preju-
dice may so be averted. Almost as un-
prepossessing in point of personal ap-
pearance are the eels offered for sale,
not only here but in all the seaport
towns-enormous ones, often three or
four feet long, thicker than big mans
wrist and as green as an Irish flag.
But better cells sQuirm nowhere, and
they are, happily, among the few things
that the cooks here know how to pre-
pare Superbly.
MangoeS and niSperoS are common,
but neither are equal to those grown on
the neighboring Dutch island Of Gu
racas. The former have much strong
er turpentine flavor than the Dutch pro-
duct, and as for the nisperos-or mis-
pels," to give them the Curacao name
they are quite deficient in flavor, size
and sweetness. That the difference in
quality is rather from the fact that the
fruits of Curacao are the products Of
careful cultivation, while those Of
Venezuela are just as nature has seen
fit to provide them, seems at least prob
able. But that hypothesis is resented
here, as implying the desirability Of
work. The noblest fruit of the tropics
the aguacate, or alligator pear"-as
it grows wild in the forests of Venezue-
la. is better than that produced any
where else, and is sold very cheaply in
the markets. Lines. also, are cheap,
because they grow abundantly and are
not much in demand--a queer preju-
dice against them existing in many
minds here notion that Joseph and
~. \ nj lUUV fed on tlnlD
The herald., 1896-01-26
THE PIE IN BOSTON.
The Modern Athens Eats 10000 Pics
Each Day.

The Modern Athens Eats 10000 Pics
Each Day.
Pie is served at all the hotels in Bos-
ton, and it is known and loved in every
home. Keeping this fact in mind, 1t Is
interesting to make few figures on
the number of pies eaten in the city.
Assuming that one person in every four
in a population of 100000 eats one
piece of pie every day-and the esti-
mate is q conservative one-it will be
seen that the daily consumption of pie
is 125,O00 pieces, or 1,250 whole pies,
figuring that each pie was cut in four
pieces. Reckoning, however, on nVe
pieces to the pie in few cases, or even
six-for boarding house keepers must
live, the odd ! 1,25O pies may be thrown
off, and the figures declare that ooooo
pies are consumed in Boston every DAY.
If n barrel of -four will make 800 pic
crrsts. then go barrels OF flour are
used daily in Boston for pie crust alone,
or 21 800 barrels a year, worth, at So
n barrel. S1O9,5OO. A fortune In pie
crust! Assuming that each pie has q
value of 10 cents, it is found that the
value of q days supply Of pie for Bos-
ton is $4,000, and a years supply ST.
| O95.00
IF each pie were an inch thick one
days supply, If placed one on top of
the other (supposing this could be done
without injury to the bottom pie) would
| make u column $500 feet high, or II
times as high as Bunker Hill monu-
| ment, with 90 feet to spare.--Bostop
J ICJoIn u ~ o.
The herald., 1896-01-26


Fifth:-If the aforesaid puppy has in
sisted on escorting you, impress on him
that it is no part of his duty as an escort
to sportively seize the end of your snow
shoe and endeavor to carry it for you.
Sixth:-Don't pick up girl on the way
who wants to know what they are wear
ing in New York, and who is not stopped
in her minute questioning by the fact
that your feet are where your head
should be.
Lastly:-Positively refuse to ally your
self for even quarter of mile of snow
shoe tramp with youth who, like Ham,
let, is "fat and scant Of breath"
In blissful ignorance of these necessary
preliminaries, laced my snowshoes on
in the hall, inspired Rex to elephantile
gambols by telling him that l was going
to take him along, and opened the front
door. I quickly discovered that while
it is extremely difficult to descend steps
with ones feet thus abnormally extend
ed, it is next to impossible to do so when
an overgrown puppy insists on descend
ing at the same time; but when my fam
lily had picked US out Of the drift at the
bottom of the steps, we started Off.
Next time we rolled to the bottom of a
ditch, and crawled out unaided. Rex
was having the best time he ever had
in his life, but don't remember that I
enjoyed it particularly. We started off
again. There were no variations on the
order of the programme. TIE first num-
ber was the lacng up again of either
snowshoe next a playful caress from the
mastiff, third, eXtrication out Of nearest
The herald., 1896-01-26

A traveller from the north will prob
ably be surprised to learn that there
are seven distinct varieties of bananas,
the coarsest and<poorest of which are
the big ones he has been accustomed
to, here known as ''burrs" or Jack
ass" bananas. The most delicious of
all are the "fresa" variety, unfortu-
nately not plentiful, the meat of
which is exactly like strawberries; and
next to this the "manzana," which has
perfectly the flavor and perfume of n
ripe apple. Ladies are generally fond
of the 'higo" Qig) bananas, very small.
cloyingly sweet, and thin-skinned. The
"manzana" kind are most grown and
so cheap that a whole bunch may be
bought for twenty cents. That mention
of price recalls one of the queer things
here-that each vender seems to fix
his own prices by some peculiarly per-
sonal standard of value, with hardly
approximate reference to those of 9TH
ers. Possibly it is based upon private
knowledge of the difficulty with which
the articles Lave been procured. In
one thing only is there uniformity
the foreigner is expected to pay about
twice as much as the nattyG
The herald., 1896-01-26

A thing to catch the eye and stir the
curiosity of the sightseer by its fire.
quency and strangeness of appearance
is the native preparation of chocolate.
The cacoa beans have simply been
mashed to pulp in a stone mortar,
squeezed into little balls and cakes be-
tween the palms of the hands and dried
in the sun. The little grey-brown
Jumps contain no flour to fraudulently
increase their mass; no alkalies to en-
able Instantaneous preparation" for
drinking; no bullock's blood to correct
the paleness of the -four; no vanilla
and no sweeting. But the connoisseur
in chocolate who mashes them, boils
them well in milk. and sweetens the
beverage TO his taste, will have a rare
delight such as he is not likely to find
in any manufactured brand. The deli
cate natural bitter of the beans, gives
a charming piquancy; and when it
comes to sweetening, the common brown
sugar of the country (Which Is made in
large sugar-loaf shaped mOlds) seems
TO blend it's rich cane flavor with that
of the chocolate in natural harmony
as perfect as that existing between
maple syrup and buckwheat cakes.
The herald., 1896-01-26
MARKETING IN VENEZUELA.
Poems Won't Work, But Walk Miles 10
Peddle Three Eggs or Handful
Of Peppers.
WHAT THEY OFFER AS DAIN TIES.
Lizard Preferred to Turt1e-Deli-
cious Fruits Sugar-Cane and
What Is Made ofsIt-Prices
Quite at Random.

One of the first surprises in a Vene-
zuelan market is the exceedingly
diminutive quantities in which goods
are offered by most Of the vendors.
There are, it is true, well-stocked per-
manent stalls for the sale of meat, fish,
corn, beans. clay pottery, etc, but for
ten of these there are hundred old
women and men squatted on the ground
with their little possessions spread out
before them to invite purchasers. One
will display three eggs: another a
handful of peppers. or very green to-
matoes, no larger than marbles; third.
half dozen aquacates. or a couple of
yams; and fourth, lean old hen. A
peseta go cents would buy out any
one of them. Upon inquiry, it will be
The herald., 1896-01-26
MERRY HOURS ON SNOWSHOES
How Laughing Girls and Athletic Youth
Tramp Over the Drifts in Northern
Latitudss.
A FEW DON'Ts FOR sNOWsHOERs
One Girls Adventures on Her First
Crusting Trip, With a Few
Months Old Puppy For
an Escort.

My first snowshoe tramp is still vivid
and picturesque spot on the page OF
memory. l started out alone and my
going alone was not Intentional, but Ow-
ing to variety of circumstances. | was
partially accompanied by mastiff pup
py. l say partially, because it was fire.
quently debateable which of us was the
accompaniment. | evolved n few rules
after the tramp to which | have ever
since rigidly adhered, and which | ap-
pend as guides and cautions to begin
ners.
First:-Go early, and avoid the moon
light.
Second: Leave the mastiff puppy safe
ly reposing on the rug before the CRATE.
Third:-D not attempt calling at the
houses Of neighbors wno have steps lead
ing up to their front doors.
Fourth-Refrain from inviting youl
family to see you start Off, whether it is
the first or the second start you have
made.
The herald., 1896-01-26
FLOU NCE.

ties and cross bars. No church in town
covers such an area, no church has such
Q press Of worship as will thither throng G
when the aisles are decked with drap-
ings and the altar counters are brave
with the trappery of trade.
In the service Of the fair who seek to
be the fairsr yet, one more, ten more, a
thousand more, in every town of the
land, are arising these mighty struc-
tures whose floor space is measured
by acres and Is still too small. In all
this big world not war nor learning nor
philosophy, scarcely even love or relig-
ion, Is so big fact and factor as wo-
mans keen regard for color, form and
texture. Trade would sing small with
OUT it, and the growth of it is as rapid
as that Of Jacks beanstalk and far
more healthy.
Perhaps were textures never more
beautiful and colors never more gay
than new. And in the spring-so base
ay DO we anticipate the seasons, and de-
seft for the future the present ere we
can make friends with it-in the spring
there will be bonnets. Some of the cut
est ideas IN spring millinery are from
Paris. These are small hats and tiny
turbans, bearing usually the names of
court beauties long dead and gone. The
The herald., 1896-01-26

appearance, thanks to pads and springs,
the former must wane away, or break
all the rules of long cherished tradition.
Probably the sudden demand for hips
that seem wider than nature could
have intended has arisen mostly be-
cause of the strange desire that the
short skirts of basques should stand
straight out from the body, almost at
right angles, than which it would be
hard to imagine an arrangement less
forgivable upon aesthetic grounds. The
1.-THE slenderness of Japanese maiden,
the sinuous grace of a clinging empress
gown-when shall we see how much
better these are than bulk piled up
The herald., 1896-01-26
INFORMATION FOR DIJELIsTs

The recent duel with cutlasses in
Paris between two Hungarian swords
men has caused writer in the Gaulois
to look up precedents in the matter of
such encounters. He finds that it is ten
years since like duel took place. Then
a young Partisan, although not familiar
with the weapon, accepted a challenge
to fight an Austrian, who made the
proposition, the latter being ignorant
of the use of the rapier.
In principle, Frenchman has al
ways the right to refuse duel with the
ordinary cutlass, even though he has
served in a cavalry regiment, and even
in the meetings between two officers
or non-commissioned officers of such q
cavalry regiment the rapier remains
the only arm recognized in this country.
The case of two foreigners fighting
with cutlasses in France, has, however,
been Of tolerably frequent occurrence,
this being accounted for by the fact
that in Austria, Germany, Russia and
Spain the cutlass is the proper weapon
and it is even used in Spain. where the
; fine art of using the rapier is so thor
oughly taught and understood.-Galig-
, mani Messenger.