The Bryan daily eagle. (Bryan, Tex.) 1895-1898, 1896-06-20


1T has long been evident that an ex-
ceodingly fatal contagious disease OF
fowls has become distributed over the
whole country. and that II causes enor-
nous annual losses. This disease Is
popularity known as chicken cholera.
A similar, II not identical, malady
causes extensive losses among the poul-
try OF Europe. In France this Is also
called cholera cholera des p0uieO.
Some investigations Of It's nature were
made some years ago by NJ. Reynal, and
quite recently II has been carefully
studied by MN. Toussalnt and Pasleur,
As long ago as December. 1879, CON-
menced investigation Of the epizootic
diseases from which fowls were dying.
At first ! was unfortunate In fixing my
attention on onzootic diseases evident
ly due TO local causes. OF three separate
outbreaks thus Investigated not oihf
proved to be the result OF inoculahia~
diseases. and Il was not tin July. 1850.
that succeeded in obtaining virus Of
what Is undoubtedly the true chicken
cholera, by which 20 many fowls are
swept away. This disease existed az
the house OF Mr.. II. NJ. Miller, who in
formed me that he had lost on bis farm
nearly i've hundred chickens from II
during the year. At the time Of my
visit his Plymouth Rocks. which he
kept at his house In the city. were suf-
fering. AZ once inoculated two spring
chickens with exerement from living
sick birds. and with blood. bile and
pieces OF liver from the dead ones.
After Eve days they were stlll perfect
~ we'll The French investigators hay-
ing determined that death occurs with
In three or four days after incubation.
and most frequently with In twenty-four
hours. had nearly concluded that our
chicken cholera was not an inOculable
disease. but In order 10 be absolutely
certain / requested Mr.. Miller 10 allow
me TO bring a hen In the FIRST stages
OF the diseases 10 my own farm. more
than one hundred miles away. and on
which no contagious disease had ever
existed. This he consented 10 do. and Il
was with virus obtained from this bird
that my experiments we're made. u
disease proved TO be lnOculable. and N
period Of incubation 80 much longer
than with infection as u exists In
France as TO explain why the chickens
inoculated at Charlotte did not sicken.
have not learned II they contracted
the disease later. as I was unable 10
bring them with me-"
Here follows the relation In detail
OF the various experiments In which
about ninety-fve fowls were lnoculated
He found that the disease required a
much longer time for incubation than
In Europe. varying from six days TO two
weeks II was also found that germs
were not carried by air. but that the
usual way In which farm fowls are In
ooulated Is by means Of the excrement
and food. The hens that recovered from
the disease seemed TO be proof against
subsequent attacks. Tie also finds that
some birds will not take the disease
at all. and from his experiments draws
the conclusions that II one hundred
birds are inoculated seventy-flve would
die seven would take the disease and
recover and eighteen would resist the
disease altogether. This ratio Is not
Fixed. since some Of the groups OF fowls
showed a greater number OF susceptible
birds than other groups. and this dlf.
ference was evidently due 10 the man.
ner In which they had been previously
handled by their owners What thcss
differences were Is not known. In cold
weather the fowls are more susceptible,
70 the disease than At other times W.
again quote the commissioner:
IT Is demonstrated by these expert
ments that We have In the United Stalel
n contagious and inoculable disease o.
! fowls. popularity known as chicken ehol
era. that this disease Is characterle,
, by a yellow or even groenlsh colora
} ton Of that part OF the excrement tina
is separated from the blood by the kid
neys; by elevation Of temperature. On
largement and softonlng OF the liver
congestion or Inflammation OF the lnles
tines and mesentary; by dlarrhea
slecpness. dropping, and early death
; The germs OF this disease are probabl!
spread through the excrement. and ar
taken into the body through the foo,
and drink. and seldom n ever by IN
= inspired air. unclean habitatlons con
yoy the disease nine days at least aft-
a the last case Of sickness. Sometime
the bird dies within twenty-fOur hour
after the irst yellow coloratlon OF N
urates and when but one or two llqul
r objections have occurred. In othe
l cases life Ia prolonged three, four Q
!, 1--WE days, aud occasionally for even tw
n weeks. The crop Is generally dls,ende
! with food and loses the ability to fore
this onward TO be dlgested. In mos
n cases the birds are very thirst
> throughout the whole duration Of u
i, disease. Sometimes. however, IN
thirst IL not more than normal. and
n few cases the birds scarcely drink Z
all.-FarmOra' Review.
u The Chlnoh bug The chinoh bu
o extends over the most OF the Unite
y States east Of the Rocky mountains.
A.. .r...NN. -...-.a.