New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1896-12-22

EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN HISTORY-EvOIU-
TON OF THE MONROE DocTRINE-PREs-
rNT STRENGTH AND ORGANIZATION OF
THE INsURGENTs-A MINORITY RE
PORT SUBMITTED BY SENATOR'S
MORGAN AND MILLS.
Wellington Dec 2l.-The report from the Com
,,,ee on Foreign Relations on the joint resolution
,r,ocedsinS the independence of Cuba and onering
49, friendly Offices of this Government TO Spain 10
s-re 10 a close the between Spain and the Re-
,hic of Cuba presented in the Senate to-day.
~ document o: great length and deals thoroughly
.,oush briefly in It's opening with modern prece-
ssnts of European intervention where independence
Gas the issue involved. the committee having AS It's
,,r mentions. examined with care al, the instances
18Th have occurred in this century OF peoples claim
,,s independence by right Of revolt. The opening
Inc. Of the report read that Congress at its last
lesion after long and patient consideration. adopted
a.h practical unanimi,y the view expressed by your
orn,iee hat the time had come for resuming inter-
rsn:on with Spain for the recognition OF indepen-
sencs o. Cuba, Spain having declined to listen TO
any representation founded on an understanding be-
,ueen herself and the insurgents. and Congress nav
Dc nleigei Itself TO friendly intervention the only
question that remains he decided is the nature
~ the next sep 20 be taken with proper regard 10
,se customs and usages OF nations.
With little further preamble the report then shows
he
,sn,ion where independence the issue involved
No., with Greece in the struggle which lasted
,,,m ~ 10 1921 The summary OF the events in this
s-ife where within month the rebels got posses
90, NJ AL the open country and all the towns except
81 FAR IS they held by Turkish garrisons. is
,o'3 in A g A2h.c manner. THE Sultan Immediately
c,l.5 AZ Mussulmans to arms: the Greek Patriarch
"a, hanged al The door OF his church at Constan
,,e. several hundred merchants were massacred:
several hundred Christian churches were destroyed,
ord the Russian Ambassador insul;ed.' il Is shown
ia, 70 Government in Europe sympathized with the
creek rebels Incidents OF the struggle in which the
creeks Tough, for independence concsely pointed
OH, and traced until the period when the Powers in
duced Turkey 10 allow her affairs 10 be
discussed IN general conference and Russia insisted
,ha, the Greek instruction should be included among
the subjects OF mediation The Turkish Government
declared The energetic language that it would
never ADM, OF such interference or consent TO make
tie flars Of Greece subject of negotiations with
Russia
These events in the history of that struggle are
carried along in the report to the date at which,
the Sultan declining to the last TO permit any
mediation between himself and his revolted sub
jets the three Powers of France England and
Russia on July ), 1874 united in a formal treaty
signed IN London which committed them TO armed
intervention in case the Sultan should still reject
their preferred mediation, within the space of one
month. Following in regular order in its details
Of circumstances of European nations claiming IN
d4i:eude on the ground of the right of revolu-
ito. the cases are mentioned OF Belgium against
TIE Netherlands in 1890. where the King of Hol-
land was coerced into accepting conditions offered
Is the Powers upon a show of armed hostilities
f. November 1892. by the Governments of France
and England. The coincident rebellion In Poland,
in which the Car informed "the Minister OF the
new French King Louis Philippe. that he would
tolerate Intervention in Poland" receives at
teution.
SOME PRECEDENTS FROM EUROPE.
Then follow the series of European nations
claiming independence the recital of the deposal
from the throne of the Hapsburg dynasty. fol-
lowed by the election OF Louis kossutn as Pro-
yisional President and the Intervention OF Russia.
on the ground that If she did not so intervene
Hungary would establish her independence. This
precedent" continues the report tended TO es-
tablish the right of every Government TO inter
yene in the affairs of foreign States whenever
their situation should tend TO endanger lis own
safety or the political equilibrium on It's frohtier'
As far as is known. every other Government IN
the world tacitly acquicsced in the establishment
NJ this precedent II any Government recorded a
protest il was that of the United States. but even
The United States protested only by inference from
The acts and language OF the President. The Rus
stan Intervention brought the war so quickly 10
an end that before october all resistance was
over and when Congress met. early in Decem-
Der 1919 President Taylor's annual message could
only proclaim what would have been American
policy"
The report further says: Besides the four prece-
dents of Greece Belgium. Poland and Hungary.
where new nationalities were In question, q Hluch
larger number of interventons occurred in Europe
in the process Of disruption or consohdaton winch
has on one hand. disntegIated the ancient en-
hires Of the Sultan Of Spain, of the Church; ana
on the other concentrated the new systems OF
GERMANY Russia and Italy. Interventions nave
occurred most conspicuously in Spain, by france
IN ,s3 in Portugal by England, IN 1871; again III
sra!a and Portugal in 1896, by England anu
France under what was called the Quaui up'o
Treaty; in Piedmont and Naples by the Holy
Alliance in 1921 and IN many Instances SINCE
ls.s that the mere enumeration would be lohs anu
difficult: but none of the disturbed countries
claimed permanent independence under form OF
revolution unless II were perhaps the states Vi
the Church or Rome. which, on February o. lof''
declared the Pope TO be deposed french inter-
veror in this great turn in history Is alluded TO-
and the report SAYS: THE only reason given by
Franc IN this instance for Intervention was 'na'
,ha occuna.ion of Rome necessary In order
N maintain the political influence OF France
and it is shown that the British "o'erhme"'
scoujesced In this rule Of European la" or piao
tice
referring N the Ottoman Empire. II Is mentioned
TIA, since the wear 1871 intervention in the aiai'
IT -. O..o,,op punire has been constant as ID
create body Of Jurisprudence and long se' "
;rea,,e. on which the existence or all pohtCai SsS
tens of Southeastern Europe seem now 70 nc "'oio
or lees entirely based Not only greece Moh'e
negro Rumania. Bulgaria. Rumena' " elN'a '" '
re,i have been the creations Of such Intervention
Or the objects Of It's restraints but also Saihos'
Crete and even the Lebanon owe their legal s'a'''
70 the same
An authority so great must assume some iouhua
ton IN law seeing that the entire "oIId acaV'eSc'u
not only in the practical exercise OF 'he ioi0' W"
also in the principle on which II rested Whatever
ina, ,-t,cinle was The Treaty OF Berlin. in 1910.
was broad assertion OF the right Of the European
Powers 10 regulate the affairs OF the ottoman EN-