davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
FARM AND GARDEN.
HOUSES AND ROADS.
Why the Road Question Must Be Solved
by the Country People.

Why the Road Question Must Be Solved
by the Country People.
Gen. Terrence, who is a Chicago man.
is building a country house within Fl
miles of the city of New York. The
house and its appurtenances will cost
near $2,000,000. The cost of maintain
ing such an establishment cannot be
less than 100000 year. and it is likely
to be more than that. Gen. Torrence's
house will be but one of very many
costly summer residences that adorn
the neighborhood of New York.
Let us note few consequences of
the erection of such suburban palaces.
I. Land that, intrinsically, is worth
but 800 an acre as farming ground be-
comes worth fabulous sums.
2. The adjacent farmers find a near
and very profitable market for their
produce among the rich residents.
3. The tone of society is elevated ,and
the farming community is benefited
thereby.
Now, let US ask why New York is sur
rounded by such palaces, while some of
the best building sites within 20 miles
of Chicago go almost a-begging. The
answer is plain: New York is sur
rounded by good roads while Chicago is
not. Where the streets and boulevards
of Chicago end, region of undiluted
mud or of overwhelming dust begins.
The man who is willing to spend $780,
900, $1OO,OOO or 1000, 900 on a country
home is a keeper of horses and car
riages, and he needs country through
which he can drive with pleasure. The
neighborhood of Chicago does not fur
nish him with such country.
On the northern and southern limits
of Chicago are stretches of country
from which magnificent lake views can
be had; but the roads are wretched. A
few miles westward of haywood the
country becomes hilly and picturesque,
but the roads are abominable.
There are men in Chicago, and plenty
OF them, who would delight in a country
home, but the unsolved road question
troubles them. The suburbs are, for
the most part, connected with the city
by good, or fairly good roads; but su-
burban homes are not country homes.
The good-road question must be solved
by the country people. 1t is vital
throughout the state, but especially SO
in neighborhoods situated between 20
and 40 miles of Chicago Chicago Inter
Oonan
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
DAIRY SUGGESTIONS.


When a cow converts her food into
fat instead of milk, she is no COW for the
dairy.
Mixing meal with wet cut feed en-
ables the animal to chew it in the cut
and thus comply with the demands of
nature.
Test the new mich COW, if you test
no other, for she may not be worth
keeping and ought to be got rid of at
the start.
1t is claimed that ripe, mellow apples
can be fed to mich cows with greater
profit than will come from turning
them into cider.
We do not approve of feeding slops
to cows. Give them what water they
want, and what feed they need. and let
them make their own sIops.
There is. a great difference between
feeding COW generously and feeding
her high. High feeding will probably
ruin her. Tt is worse than low feedines.
a good deal.
The farmer who lives near a town.
and makes but little more butter than
he needs for home consumption, ought
to find private market for the surplus.
which he can do if It is good butter
Farmers Voice.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
BOXES AND CRATES.
Can BE Used for Many Purposes Around .
Vegetable or Fruit Farm

| Few things on the place are in more
frequent demand, and more generally
useful for various purposes, than a good
supply of the ordinary Slated bushel
crates, which I.ne can now buy in the
fiat, at small price, from supply deal
crs and seedsmen all over the country.
We pay about IL cents apiece for them,
and always try to have good number of
them on hand. Not only that we use
them in gathering and hauling potatoes,
| beets, carrots, onions, tomatoes and
other vegetables and fruits besides. but
we also find them handy receptacles
for storing many of these articles in
cellar, barn or garnet. A Slated crate
| or box, for instance, is much better for
keeping onions and potatoes than
| barrel. Indeed, the latter is about as
poor receptacle as there is, especially
for the long keeping of these products.
apples and pears, as also carrots, beets
and other roots, may be stored in tight
bins, pits, boxes or barrels. When we
want to keep different kinds of potatoes,
such as our own seedlings, or any other
of which we only want bushel or less
of kind, we put them in the Slated
crates, carefully labeled on the outside,
and pile them up as high as we please.
For very small quantities, however, we
use the cheap peach baskets, or for the
product of true seed the first year, the
| ordinary strawberry baskets.
Bushel crates and boxes come also
handy for taking produce to market.
When we have only one tier in the wagon
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04

hall, London. liberal prizes are offered
for goats and the classes are well
filled. At the last of these dairy shows
the number of entries in these classes
was 68. against 25 the previous year.
The champion medal was awarded to
the milking goat White Queen, owned
and entered by Mr.. r. Walter, of Lon
don. The accompanying illustration
is a spirited portrait of this very fine
goat. The first on goatlings under two
wears was awarded to White Rose, a
daughter of the champion White
Queen, and the second to Heather Las
sic, crossbred Toggenburg. White
Rose was pronounced to be the finest
goat for size and weight that has ever
been shown. Among other exhibitors.
baroness Burdett-Coutts was meas
urably successful, three of her entries
being famed as highly commended,
The magnitude and quality of the dis.
play of goats at the great national
show, no less than the social emf
hence of some of the ladies and gentle.
men who exhibited. both testify to the
popularity which goat breeding has
attained in Great Britain. Our sub.
scribers quite frequently ask us to tel!
them where to obtain goats, and quite
q little business in breeding goats may
he possible in neutrality-suspicious.
AcrricIItIIriSt
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
FARMHOUSE CELLAR.

The Plan Thus Described Possesses q
Good Macy Advantages.
On farm where four or more cows
are kept and the products of the milk
made into butter, large, well-ar-
ranged cellar will greatly aid in the
operation, and the plan illustrated pos
sesses many advantages. The churn
power is located at a, by the outside
cellar door b, so that the churned milk
is near the door. Plenty of light Is
thus admitted to watch the condition
of the churn. The cider and vinegar
barrels are at d, the pork barrel near
the window at e, potato bins are at
{ and long, hanging shelf for apples
at &, and table for all work at h. The
cellar stairs are located at i, and a
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
ORCHARD AND GARDEN.

Use the best and finest manure in the
Sganden.
1t Is not easy to make the soil too rich
for gardening.
Parsnips are considered the better FOR
a little freezing.
Never take large limbs from a tree
when it can be avoided
Unbleached wood ashes are one of the
best fertilizers for grapes.
a mound of earth around the base Of
"a tree will protect it from mics
Trim the raspberries by cutting out
al dead wood and unit thrifty canes.
A part of the food of plants comes
from the atmosphere: the rest from the
soil
Save all of the wood ashes. They are
valuable to use as top dressing in the
gartlen.
IL trees or plants are neglected +ie
sa'esults viii hardly prove satisfactory,
aSut with good management fruit grow
ing may readily be made profitable
In nearly all cases it will be better
economy to grub out trees that are
zstunted and siclsly than try TO reetore
sthen 10 vigos---St. Louis Republic.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
Sowing Orchards to Grass.

Some people believe that grass pas
tlIre keeps in the moisture. Expert
ments made in Nebraska have proven
this to be fallacy. The orchard was
divided into three parts. Two of them
were in grass, one moved and the other
pastured; and the third portion was cul.
tiFated. 1t was proven by actual analy-
sis that for every 100 barrels of water
contained in the first 20 inches of pas
ture. a like amount of ground cultivated
during the entire season contained over
14O barrels. The pastHred portion con-
tanned a little more moisture than that
moved; but only per cent. more. APP
pies from the cultivated land averaged
nearly IA per cent larger in weight
than those from pastured land, and over
II per cent. larger than those from
moved land.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
AGRICCLTURALHINTS
FRIENDS AND ENEMIES.
Both Sides OF the Road Question Are Given
a Hearing,

Both Sides OF the Road Question Are Given
Hearing.
The interest In good roads or, at least,
better roads. is becoming a live, active
one. The subject has passed through
the theoretical era and is now entering
the really practical epoch. The scheme
is getting down to earth, and they are
building roads with it. The good reads
movement began with the centers of
population, the cities where the bicycle
first appeared in numbers. 1t has spread
as the use of the wheel has become more
general, but has now outgrown that
1t Ii sand that makes a man brick. -
With strength to carry his load;
But the average soul is sure to kick
When he finds it spread too bloomin' thick
Along lifes weary road.
single influence. People have learned
while making roads for the wheel that
all classes have been greatly benefited
by the improved highways.
In smoothing the path for the child
the man has found the way easier to
travel.
Those who have seen and heard, and
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
TILE I,A.>..IING WORLD.
STARTING AN ORCHARD.

The Work or Prep4rat iOn aad the Proper
Planting OF Frces.
The ground for an orchard should be
well and deeply cultivated, and free from
weeds. well drained. if the soil requires
1T. and most soils are better for drain
ing except sandy or light grayeiiy soils
with a light snbsoil Such land may not
Teauire draining. but ia every case it
should be well worked and pulverized
and enriched before planting. The
work OF preparation must be done dur
ing the summer. SO as to be ready Tor
fall or spring planting. Planting in the
spring is preferred, which will enable
Ahe trees to take firm hold of the earth
and to resist the frost of next winter
bnt planting may be done successfully
In the autumn by protecting the trees
so as to prevent the frost from heaving
or misplacing them.
Select young, healthy and vigorous
trees. and from reliable nGrseryman,
and if possible from a soil similar to
that in which you intend to plant your
orchard. The different kinds of apples
will depend upon your own choice and
the suitability of soil and climate.
should advise that the selection be made
from the old, tried and reliable kinds.
The distance apart should not be less
than 80 feet, so as to allow the trees
room to spread their branches and to
form low and spreading head. Close
planting has a tendency to force the
trees to run up and preventing the
fruit from obtaining it's proper color
ing from the sun, and making it more
difficult to gather the fruit. At the dis
tance of 80 feet apart it will require
% trees to the acre. Before planting
the tree, remove all bruised and broken
roots by cutting clean with sharp
knife. Lay out your ground in straight
lines, so that your trees will be in line
each way and at equal distances, 30feet
apart.-William Gray, in Farmers Re-
view.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04

Siias Wilson, the well-known nursery
man and tree planter of Iowa. says:
''Root grating, in my opinion, is the
only way a reliable tree can be grown.
L don't care if the pieces of roots are no
more than two or two and a half inches
long. l use good scions, and expect to
get roots from the scions. When they
are hardy kinds the tree will be hardy:
regardless of the original root. Tho
agent will tell the farmer that tree
to be hardy must be grown from a
whole root; that without tap root a
tree cannot be hardy. But while this
is very nice theory it is not true. as in
any kind of nursery work it is almost
impossible to preserve the tap root
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
WINTER CARE OF COWS.
Feed Them Well and Give Them Plenty OF
Clean Bedding.

Feed Them Well and Give Them Plenty OF
Clean bedding.
To get the most milk from the cows
it is essential that they be kept comfort.
able. A warm stable means a saving OF
nearly one-half in feed and larger guam.
tity of milk than double the feed given
in an open stable.
When exposed to cold and storm il
takes almost the entire ration to make
enough animal heat to keep them from
freezing. See that all openings OF
cracks in the stable or sheds are closed.
In the average farm stable there is
little occasion to provide for ventila.
ton Enough fresh air will come in
without arranging to let it in.
Supply plenty of clean dry bedding,
a filthy stall overbalances the com.
forts of a warm stable and good feed
There is little occasion for the cows tc
take exercise during the winter, cs,
pec;ally if in taking it they arc exposed
to cold or storms. In fact. when the
watering cen be done conveniently III
the stable, there is 10 occasion for TURN,
ing the COWS out during the winter.
Feed them we'll with q good variety
ewing their feed at regular hours
Give all the pure, fresh water they can
drink. Keep their quarters clean and
then if the ration is of a milk-producine
kind the COWS may be kept giving milk
ali through the winter.
1t is the COWS that give good flow OF
milk through the winter that are the
most profitable.-St. Louis Republic.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
A GOOD INVESTMENT.
Wherever Good Roads Are Built Property
Increases in Value.

Increases in Value.
The matter of building good roads
has passed the stage of mere agitation
in some states and the work of con-
struction has been commenced and with
very satisfactory results.
At the Good Roads congress recently
held in Atlanta. Ga, the testimonials
offered in regard to the actual money
profit to farms and other property
along which good roads have been built
was astonishing. Farms that were slow
sale three years ago at low price were
readily sold since rock roads had been
built at an advance that had more than
paid the total expense of building the
roads through the farms and the pay
ment for the road construction is not
due for years yet, and is then distrib-
uted over a series of years SO that the
burden will be very light to the new
owners.
The past season has been so dry
throughout SO large a part of our coun-
try that the necessity and benefit of
hard roads have not been appreciated
as much as they would have been had
the season been one of ordinary or ex
traordinary wetness. Ito is not at all
likely that the future will give us all
dry seasons and it is better to improve
the roads now while they are dry and
la Dor and material is cheap.
In states where there is not proper
legislation to further the building of
good hard roads It is 4 good time to
-or1z OF public opinion and push the
claims of good roads upon such legisla-
lures as may be in session the coming
winter.
Good roads are needed, good roads
pay, and good roads can be had if all
who should be interested in them will
work them.-Farm, Field and Fireside.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04

large table, holding four rows of milk
pans, at k. A table, with an inch
strip on the sides, is placed at N, on
which can be arranged the canned
fruit.
BY the general use of a cellar as de-
scribed above, certain conditions must
be observed. Dampness must not be
allowed to permeate the cellars con-
tents or molds permitted to form. The
contents of the pork barrel, the washed
cans or other material, must not be
allowed to give off offensive odors or
the odors may saturate the cream dur
ing churning. 1t will be observed that
the milk table is convenient to both
stairs, also to the cllurn. If thought
best, a light partition can be made to
separate the churn power from the
rest of the cellar, but if dog or other
stock power is used for the motor and
well brushed before entering the eel
lar, no trouble will ensue. No breeze
should be allowed to enter the cellar,
and to guard against this, heavy cur
tains should be hung at the windows
and tightly closed during the preva-
lence of heavy winds and to shut out
the direct rays of the sun. In the
spring remove all vegetables as soon
as possible, clean the cellar bottom
thoroughly, whitewash the walls and
keep the air sweet and pure. If milk
is spilled on the earth or woodwork,
remove at once and do not allow it to
contaminate the atmosphere. Ven
rilate well.-Farm and Home.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
Butter That ALWAYS Sells.

There are great many butter makers
who never cause dealers any trouble
Their butter is fine, and is beautifully
packed. Its appearance is always a
guarantee of it's excellence, and deal
er takes pride in showing it to his Gus
toners. If one maker of fancy butter
can have his butter always perfectly
packed, another maker of fancy butter
can do the same thing, so there seems
to be no excuse for the accidents -
Some of these makers of fancy goods
have so established themselves that con-
sumers know the shipping days. They
know when the butter will reach the
Chicago market, and have it ordered in
advance; or, if they happen to be busy,
order by telephone. 1t is not necessary
for them to test the butter; they know
it is good and are never disappointed
Chicago Produce.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
.a-ts A-OJT GOATS.
In Great Britain the business OF Breeding
Them Is Quite Important.

Them Is Quite Important.
The goat receives much more attcn-
ton as domesticated animal in I1u-
rope than in America. In many parts
of this country one might spend n life
time without seeing goat. but among
our transatlantic cousins they are
kept for milk. or trained to draw chill
dren's carriages, while in many a large
stable grave and stately billy" is
found on terms of friendly acquaint-
ance with both horses and groolns.
The goats of England are not the
dainty white Angoras which have been
sc largely bred in the United States
and in the British Cape Colony for mo-
hair. but are the so-called native"
goats with an occasional Nubian, Tog-
genburg or other example of foreign
breed. Goat breeding is pursued with
much spirit in England, and the Brit
ish Goat society has on the rolls of it's
membership many names which are
widely known. At the annual shows
of the British Dairy Farmers assO-
citation. held in the Royal Agricultural
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04

Ruts never should be filed with stone
or refuse matter. The care and atten-
ton of the overseer, directed toward iIu-
proving the road oftener than once in
the spring and once in the fall, will pro-
duce cure of this. The scEaper kept
in his shed during the summer months
should be taken out for an airing and
run over the roads in his district at least
twice a month. if not oftener. The ruts
can thus be cut down and filed up, and
the condition of the mind of the tray-
elcr, as well as that of the road, can be
materially improved.-Isaac b. Potter.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
THE CONVICT PROBLEM.
In North Carolina 1t Has been Solved to-
EverybOdY's Satisfaction.

EverybOdy's Satisfaction.
The use of convicts on public roads
has been intimately connected with the
growth of road improvement in North
Carolina. AS far back as 1867 the state
made provision for the use of convict
labor in road building. The Mecklen-
burg road low is a great improvement,
and under its provisions many miles of
the finest roads in the south have been
constructed. Returns from so counties
showed an average cost of 80 cents per
day for keeping conyicts, but by the use
of convicts on the roads the cost has
been reduced to general average of
"a cents. Convicts are carefully de-
scribed and photographed. Shorter
term inducements are offered for good
behavior. They are employed in road
building much as hired men, under a
superintendent and without a guard
They are allowed to remain at their
homes from Saturday night to Monday
morning. This novel experiment has
been in operation year and not con-
Wet has attempted to escape or declined
to labor faithfully, and the result has
been a decided improvement. An ex-
animation of county records shows that
but few conyicts have escaped, convict
health is better in road building than
when in jail, that their labor is more
efficient than that hired at so tc Is
cents per day, the cost of convict keep
is reduced and fine roads are thus OBJ
tanned at a minimum cost.-Farm and
Home.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04

The COW should be pushed to safe
limit of performance. If she is not
there is a waste. Keep feeding more
and more as long as she responds, short
of doing her an injury.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
DAIRY STATISTICS.
One Years Receipts and Expenses OF !
University EstabItshment.

1ner0 was an average OF ABOUT 20
COWS actually in milk in the dairy dur
ing the year. AS cows are bought and
sold, not the same 90 cows were in the
herd throughout the year. There are
generally, also, three or four dry cows
in the herd.
From the summary it will be seen
that for the number of cows actually
in milk, 6,175 pounds of milk were given
per cow. The cost of food per cow was
$37.S3, and the cost of labor was SCI. Sc,
making total expense per cow in milk
nearly 500. The labor, however, in
cluded considerable amount of exper-
mental work, and also the labor of
taking care of dry cows, heifers, calves
and bulls. 1t also includes the cost of
retailing the milk. The cost for food
only relates to the COWS in milk.
Assuming SO pounds per gallon of
milk, the cost of food per gallon of milk
is So cents, the cost of labor per gallon
of milk 8.5 cents, while the average price
received for milk on this basis was eos
cents. 1t will be seen that the average
cost of a gallon of milk retailed to con-
sumers was 1877 cents. The real cost,
however, is somewhat greater than
this, because more than SO pounds are
required for a gallon of milk when
peddled to the consumers. 1t is worthy
of notice. that the work was all done by
students, for which, it will be seen,
they received $1,595.44. The gross in
come from each cow actually in milk
was $147.6O, the expense 500 10, leaving
a net income per cow of $4S.61, or, for
herd of 90 cows, net gain OF 81, 333.55.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04

There are no short cuts in fruit grow
ing. The plants must be set out. be
well. cared for, so as to secure a thrifty
growth. and in due time they viii bear
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04

illustration. 1t should be of hard wood,
and the edge in front should be covered
with sheet iron. after which an old
piece of crosscut saw may be fastened
beneath the edge and turned up at the
lsides. as shown in the sketch. The
&ron straps to which the chain is at
tached should go around the back as
well as the sides of the scraper to give
strength. Such an implement is exceed
ringly handy on the farm for Ieveling off
ridges and filling depressions. and for
sscraping up into heaps the manure that
becomes scattered over the barnyard.-
SOrange Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04

A vessel of water kept steaming on
the stove will keep the atmosphere in a
good condition for house plants.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-01-04
AN EARTH SCRAPER.

This Article and Picture Tell You How to
Make One at Home.
Iron shovels or scrapers for removing
earth are somewhat expensive. A good
substitute can be made at home, after
the plan shown in the accompanying