The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1896-12-22
Portion of the Presidents Recent
Message Quoted to show the Me-
cessity Of Intervention.
VIEWS OF MORGAN AND MILLS
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT MADE nv
THE ALBANIAN AND TEXAN.
Plea for Such Action by Congress as
VIII End the War of Aunfhtt,,,o.
Now Being waeed ny spain.

WASHINGTON. Dec. Ex-senator Gamer.
On to-day presented 10 the Senate the re-
port OF The committee on foreign relations.
ia'oraoie TO the adoption of the following
joint resolution:
Resolved. BY the Senate ana H..
REPRESENTATIVES, OF the United States -
america, I'm Congress assembled thai ,l.
mus %anuspShoehce or the republic OF Cuba be
ana the same is hereby acknowIedge6 ~,
ther oe IL iuf-
Resolved. That the United States will
use rs friendly Offices with the government
or spain TO bring to a close the war he
tween Spain and the republic OF Cuba.
in part: says
congress, at its last session after lonx
ana patient consideration, adopted win
rIacucaI unanimity. the view expressed by
your committee. that the time had come
Ior resuming Intervention with Spafn fo,
tne recognition OF the independence OF
anV repSpsan,.io paan ndiolng declined to listen TO
standing between herself and the insur
gents, ana Congress having pledged itself
that remains to be decided IS the nafure 81
the next step 10 be taken with proper re-
caro- 10 the customs and usages OF ma
Before deciding this question your COM
mittee mas preferred TO examine with Sorn<,
care all the instances which have occurred.
turing this century, of fnsurgent peoples
.Ialmng independence by right Of revolt
The inquiry has necessarily led Somewhat
al; especially because the right of revolt
or inSurrection. II iDsurrection can be prop
erly called right, seems in every instance
except one 10 have carried with IL a cor
resp6nding @ intervention; For convenience,
intervention as recognized rights. and have
attempted TO ascertain the limits within
which these rights have been exercised
and their force admitted by the eenerai
consent OF nations.
The long duration OF the French revolu-
tonary wars. which disturbed the entire
world for five and twenty years and left
IL in a state of great confusion. fixed the
beginning of our modern international sys-
TENS at the year 1915. in the treaties OF
Vienna, of Paris and of the Holy Alliance
The settlement OF local disturbances un-
der, der the influence of the powers parties to
disagreement until 1921. when the Greeks
rose in insurrection against the Sultan.
rection and Intervention, where independ-
Greece.
THE revolution broke out in Greece at
the end of March. 1921. Within a month
the rebels got possession of all the open
country and all the towns. except so far
The Sultan Immediately called all Mussul-
mans TO arms; the Greek patriarch was
hung at the door of his own church at
Constantinople. several hundred merchants
were massacred several hundred Christian
churches We're destroyed and the Russian
ambassador insulted. At Troppau, IN No.
vember, 1920. the three powers of Russia
Austria and Prussia united I'm signing a
protocol expressly intended TO assert the
European power should suffer in it's inter-
nal regime. an alteration brought about by
revolt. and the results of which are menac-
ing for other states
THE PROTOCOL.
''The language OF this protocol had
much to do with the subsequent course Of
events. 1t follows: Faithful to the prin-
cipies they have proclaimed and the re-
spect due to the authority of every iegiti-
mate government, well as to every act
which emanates from its free will. the al
lied powers will engage to refuse their rec
ognition to changes consummated by Illegal
methods. When states where such changes
shall have been effectual snail cause other
countries to fear, and when the allied pow :
ers can exercise I'm regard TO them an ef-
ficacious and beneficent action. they will
employ. i'm order 10 restore them to the
bosom of the alliance. at first friendly pro-
cesses; In the second place. a coercive
force. if the exercise of that force becomes
After reviewing the diplomatic contest
this produced. the report proceeded:
I'm the whole discussion. from March.
| 1921. until January. 1873. the right of inter-
vention was never disputed. except by
| Turkey On that point the whole law was
| stated in conversation between the Brit
ish ambassador and the Turkish minister.
| The Turk took the ground that everything
had been done by Turkey If she had sat-
isfied her treaty obligations. Everything.
| as against Russia replied Strangford the
| British ambassador. but not as regards the
| allies and friends of the Porte Accord
ing TO Turkish law, 4 WAS not allowed TO
| gered a neghbors safety. The Turkish
| government believed IL had restored the old
sod sor1 yere OF dne bSy ~s eg 11' ns srans
Z" God forbid. said the Turk. but in any
| case this would be our affair, not yours
- God forbid repeated Lord Strangford
|
This was the situation when Lord Cas-
tlereagh died and George Canning became
prime minister of England. Re began by
| recognizing Greek beligerency. The Greeks
| issued a proclamation declaring a strict
| blockade of the ports OF Patras and lie.
| panto. and thereupon the Ionian high COM
missioner. the 18th Of November. 1924
| recognized this communication from per
sons exercising. the functions OF govern.
| boats OF whatever description. bearing the
Ionian flag. TO respect the same in the
/ most strict and exact manner
This seems to have been the step which
| led to Canninc's somewhat famous defins-
! ton of the nature OF belgigerency I'm Is2a
| The Turkish government. We are told
| lowed to the Greeks belligerent character
| and observed that IL appeared TO forget
! that TO subjects In rebellion no national
character could properly belong To this
| remonstrance Canning replied through the
/ British resident at constantinopie that the
character of belligerency was not so much
/ a principle as a fact: that a certain degree
/ of force and consistency acquired by any
/ mass OF population engaged I'm war entitled
1 that population to be treated as belliger-
| ent and even II their title was questions
| BILE. rendered IL the Interest. well under
stood of all civilized nations 10 so trea,
them
EITHER BELLIGERENT OR PIRATE.
This proposition must have seemed
somewhat broad. even to Canning. for in
applying IL to the special case of Greece. hs
added: A power or community. call Il
which you will. which was at war with an.
othe-. and which covered the sea with IL
cruise-s. must either be acknowledged - 1
ballieerent or dealt with as a pirato.' -