The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1896-06-05
ITEMS OF INTEREST.


ger results from an Unhealthy mental con-
dition. is very often a delicate attempt 10
express contempt or produce eXaSpera-
ton, and seldom or never suggests imita-
does II with open throat and mouth. but
IN the laugh Of anger the throat is con-
tracted and the teeth often clenched. The
movement or the lips TOO, Is entirely dis
tinct in both cases. The former is pure
~ natural EFFORT. the latter is the result
OF civilization. Savages only laugh for
pleasure: The facial expression given by
the laugh Of anger almost invariably sug-
seSts tnat or a snarhng animal, and is
only possible when the worst of our pas
slons are excited or cOunterfeited.
Tent flies of tents for private use are
now sometimes made Of striped materials
for greater picturesqueness of effect. says
the New York Sun. Sometimes the fly is
carried forward in front OF the tent TO
FORM tnere an awning, which, II not too
wide. is supported upon an extension Of
the ridge pole Of the tent, or il may be
held upon an additional ridge pole sup
ported at the outer end by another up
right pole. Large tents sold for camping
out are often divided into rooms with can
vas partitions. Sometimes two families
Duy one big tent and divide it. It is not
unusual to make window openings in
tents, which may be covered with mos
quito netting and which are provided with
canvas shutters 10. be closed in stormy
weather. Within the past few years
many private tent owners have taken 10
setting up their tents on framework,
which they have so constructed that it
can be taken down and shipped. OF
course it costs more TO put up a tent on
framework than on poles, but a tent so
supported keeps its shape better and is
better able TO withstand the weather.
More steel IS used every year in the
making of pens than in the manufac-
ture of guns, swords and needles through
out the world. The typewriter has check
ed the enormous use Of steel pens, still
they lead. In Birmingham, England there
are a number of factories that make $780,
VJUo pens every week. The majority of
the workers in these factories are wo-
men. To make 1,000, coo pens fully ton
of steel is needed. There is so much
work necessary TO manufacture a single
pen that If they We're not made in such
bulk they would be much more eXpen-
siVe. Forty years ago, when pens super
sedeu quilIS, ii was one OF the mysteries
OF the day how the slit was made down
the center Of the pen. Those employed in
that part of the work were made to take
an oath not to reveal the process. Now
everybody knows that the slit is made
by a pair of SCISSORS fixed in a press. Men
roll the steel to its proper thickness
then women cut ii into strips the width
OF two pens by means of presses. When
the steel leaves the presses it is shaped
like pen, but is fiat instead of round
ing. The fiat pieces are put IN furnace,
where they remain till they are redhOt
when they are hammered and stamped.
Almost every form and variety Of
human crime is common with insects.
Cases of theft are noticed among bees.
Buchner, in his "Physic Life of Animals"
speaks of the thieYish bees, which, in or
der TO save themselves the trouble of
working, attack Well-stocked hives in
masses, kill the sentinels and the inhabi-
tants, rob the hives and carry off the pro-
visions. After repeated enterprises of
this description, they acquire taste for
robbery and violence they recruit whole
companies, which get more and more nu-
merous and finally they form regular col
los a. hric nd hanz LQaaF &c
more curious fact that these brigand bees
can be produced artificially by giving
working bees mixture of honey and
brandy 70 drink. The bees soon take
delight in this beverage, which has the
same disastrous effects upon them as
upon men; they become ill-dispesed and ir-
ritable, and lose all desire to work; and
finally, when they begin to feel hungry
they attack and plumber the Well-supplied
hives. There is one variety OF bees-the
Sphecodes-which live exclusively upon
plumber. According to Marchall, this va
riety is formed of individuals of the Hal
yates species, whose organs of notification
are defective. and which have gradually
developed into separate variety living al
most exclusively by plunder They may
be thus said to be an example of innate
ana organic criminality among insects
and they represent what Prof. Lombroso
calls the born criminals-that is individ-
uals which are led to crime by their own
organic constitution.
-Exper-s are saying that it is curious
the ciphers used in sending kilograms
in South Africa should have been so sim
pie, says the Chicago News. The mes
sages forwarded were so important that
| more care should, one would think have
been used. In ordinary cases a cipher
which is quickly read is to be preferred
! to an intricate one. The art of reading
a strange cipher is like the art of pick
ing locks. During the famous exhibition
| OF 1851 challenge lock which was sup
| posed to be inVulnerable was picked
| by an expert in hfty-siX hours; the rob-
| bers Of a certain bank IN Scotland on the
| other hand took three months to get
| through three locks. In Paris a cryptic
| gram deciphered for the government puz-
| Zled the experts for six months If the
| same pains had been bestowed upon the
| making OF the johannesburg cipher, af-
| fairs might have ended differently. One
| OF the earliest methods of secret writ
| ing was to shave the head of a messen-
| ger, write the message on his bald skull
| LEI the hair grow and then send him to
| mis- destination, where the hair was again
! clipped. The main objection to this was
| loss OF time. Among the Spartans an in
gen-ous device was in use. A long strip
| OF paper or cloth, with broken letters
| on The, surface, meant nothing till rolled
/ around staff similar to the one of the
sender when the letters fell into their
! proper places. 1t is thought that if the
clpher O. Charles l which fell into the
| hands OF his enemies and were dectphered
| by mathematicianS had been less Simple
| he would never have been beheaded The
| JacobiteS often came to grief through MS
! ing sympathetic ink instead of a cipher
| This is a dangerous method. Pepys who
! wrote his diary in cipher and imagined
| it safe, was long ago betrayed to the pub
| lie. The only thoroughly undecipherable
! cipher is also the simplest. 1t consists
! Of two duplicate books-any books; one
! in the hands of the transmitter Of the
| cipher and one in those of the recipient.
| The first letter in the first page is taken
! for "a, - the first letter in the second for
3D." and so on till the end of the message
| is reached; suppose it to consist of TWEEN
| ty-Lour words, twenty-foUr pages of the
| book viii thus have been used; for the
| next message the first letter of the TWEEN
| ty-hfth page viii be used for "a" the
| first letter in the twenty-sixth for "b'
| and so on. Even the possession of one
| OF these books would not help the would
/ be decipherer, unless he suspected some
| virtue in il, but without the book the cf
! pher would remain absolutely inscruta-
| bic.
|