davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10
HOW TO PREVENT PNEUMONIA.

At this time OF the year cold is very
easily contracted, and ii lett to run it's
course without the aid OF some reliable
cough medicine is liable to result in that
dread disease, pneumonia. We know OF
no better remedy to cure a cough or cold
than Chamberlain's Cough Remedy. We
have used it quite extensively and it has
always given entire satisiaction.-Ola-
gah, Ind. Ter. Chief. This is the only re-
medy that is known to be a certain pre-
ventive OF pneumonia. Among the many
thousands who have used itforcolds and
la grippe, we have never yet learned of a
single case having neutrality-suspicious.,
Persons who have weak lungs or have
reason to fear an attack OF pneumonia,
should keep the remedy at hand. The
Is and so cent sizes for sale by n. e.
McGrler.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10
Suburban Gardening.

A great deal of improvement is quite
possible in the vicinity of our cities
and towns. Rapid transit by the BIZ
cycle and the electric motor leaves
many morning and evening hours for
healthy recreation to suburban resi-
dents and much leisure to the unem-
ployed members Of families that can
be utilized on the home lot to rescue it
from the waste of weeds and trans
form it into the healthful garden of
flowers, vegetables and fruits. The
line of work chosen should of course be
determined by locality, personal taste,
etc. Remarkable progress has been
made by skilled seedsmen and florists
in the production of high-grade plants
and seeds, and only small outlay is
required, if intelligent culture and a
division of plants between neighbors
is pursued, to render possible the beau
tifying of the home lot to very high
degree. In many eastern villages and
suburban districts this work is now
taken hold of by village improvement
societies, the whole community uniting
in helpful ways for the improvement
and identifying of the village and the
home. 1t is certainly praiseworthy
work, and opens wide field for i'm
prOvemeDt.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10
MILTON.

TFrom the Milton Globe.l
Rev. L. j. Anderson OF Wang will leave
for Iowa about January LIST.
Born. to Mr.. and Mrs. Jas. Ward OF
Osnabrock, on Saturday, Nov. %, 1896,
son.
George Dawson sustains a fractured
forearm from kick by vicious horse
last Saturday.
Manager Thos Burns gets the right
kind of ''scald'' on the rink and has
good ice nearly every night.
Miss Laura M. Thompson has accepted
a situation as cashier in the Menes gen
eral mercantile establishment.
D. F. Humphreys has received a great
many fattering offers for his anti-freez.
ing pump attachment patent right.
A Bohemian woman, whose name we
have not been able to learn, was found
lying dead on the prairie near her home
west OF Osnabrock after the storm.
Mr.. Powles is training class OF fifteen
voices, comprising the very best vocal
talent in the city, preparatory to giving
a grand concert at some date during the
holiday season.
Robert Griffith walked up from Park
River Saturday afternoon and Sunday,
arriving here at I:3O Sunday afternoon,
and continued his journey by team to
his home near Osnabrock.
John Schuster will return to the old
homestead near Soper P. o. He has
tried farming in the valley, and comes
back to the mountain fully satisfied that
this is by far the best place.
Jos. Paulson and W. W. Kingsbury
were down from Osnabrock, and John
Mcbride from East Alma to the Masonic
lodge institution Wednesday night and
were detained by the storm until satur.
day.
August Peterson and family arrived
from Osnabrock Monday and took
charge of the Pacific hotel, which Mr.
Peterson recently purchased from Frank
Delling. MIR. Delling will now devote his
undivided attention to his fruit and con.
fectionery business.
An aged couple named Viker, living in
frail shanty about Is miles southwest
had very hazardous experience Thurs
day night and Friday, The roof of theil
shanty was blown off Thursday night
and Friday morning the old couple, aged
70 and GO, started out afoot to fine
shelter. They wandered about on thu
prairie for four hours and were very
nearly exhausted when they arrived at 6
neighbours house.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10
Strong Soils.

It has been generally observed that
some varieties of apples do best on
bottom lands and strong soils. This
season is a good test Of these varieties
since the abundant moisture, causing
abnormally strong growth, places the
sorts Mt their best, so that they hold
their fruit most persistently. Those
needing soils of an opposite character
drop their fruit badly. It is a good
time for planters to notice this habit
and tendency IN varieties and keen
. classification OF them In mind, 10
that in future paintings varieties may
be given such soils as the trees need.
If you have but the one kind for plant.
Ing TAX" II note now of what you ought
to pla"t.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

Excuse me-" observed the man in
spectacles, "bnt am surgeon, and that
is not where the liver is" "Never you
mind where his liver u.s." retorted the
other. "If it was in his big toe or his left
ear DeWitt's Little Early Risers would
reach it and shake it for him. On that
you can bet your gig-lamps." II. D..
ALERT & Co.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10
PHoroGRArH AS PASSPORT.
= New ran Facilitate the 1aent,

r New ciun Facilitate the Identi-
AIOll cleES.
Perhaps the bulky old passport has
had its best day. In it's stead the
Identification book is now growing in
public favor.
While passports were intended for
Identification they did not always iden-
tify. The mere verbal description filled
in by the owner primarily, and then
the globe trotter.-New York Herald.
partment, was sufficiently exact for
ordinary occasions. but not for extra
ordinary ones. And the wise tourist
prepares for both.
Travellers who are not equipped with
any language but their own under the
passport system can be exposed tc
more than petty annoyances, particu-
larly in the more unfreuuented paths
of Spain and Russia. They may have
trouble i'll securing mail addressed to
them or in cashing money and express
orders. And instances are by no means
infretluent where travellers have been
absolutely stranded for lack of funds
which We're even then waiting for
them at some provincial post office,
and they We're sacrificed to the elab-
crate scruples of some honest but OBJ
stinate village postmaster.
But, armed with an identification
book. one can refuse to be hulldozed
by an official for lack of evidence of
ones identity.
The matter of its official adoption
by the United States will come up for
consideration this winter i'll Washing
ton. Most of the European countries
have successfully tried the system.
France and Italy were the pioneers in
the movement. and have shown no
desire to return to earlier methods.
The hook of Identification is a small
parer-bound volume of a size conven-
lent for the pocket. 1t may be pur-
chased at any postoffice at an outlay
equivalent to ten cents. On the inner
side of the cover is placed Il photo
graph Of the holder, tied firmly i'll
place and fastened by a sealed ribbon.
To this is attached the signature OF
the holder. On the page opposite the
cover is a declaration signed by the
postoffice official who originally sold
the book. the making of which, Of
course, he must witness. and the cor
rectness of the likeness us set forth by
the photograph.
The pages Following contain the usu-
al verbal description familiar to the
holder of passports, consisting of de-
tails as to eyes, nose, mouth, forehead,
chin, hair, coloring. height, weight and
particular marks or scars.
1t contains a declaration to the eff
feet that ION presentation of this book
and the signing of receipt, any post
office is required to deliver to the hold
err all mail matter addressed to him."
1t is imperative that the signature on
the receipt should correspond with
that of the book, and the better the
photograph the easier the hard path of
copied by some clerk in the State De-
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10
what She Meant.

Bearded Lady Striking the fat wo.
man on the jaw)-Yes, you did.
Fat Woman-What did do?
Bearded Lady-Tried to have my
contract cancelled by telling the man.
ager had close shave this morning.
Fat woman Observation-Disclosures
sakes! l meant that you had narrow
escape from being run over by Brook.
Ign trolley car.-World.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

ST; ALPHoNsUs R. c. cHuRcH-Rev. N. A.
fellows: High Mass every other SUNDAY At 1o.s 90
q NJ. and Vespers at 1880 p. m followed With
tae Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
every Sunday. A-"''
Low Mass every week day at a. m.
On alternate Sundays High Mass in MI. Car
q. m. 8. s. class Immediately following.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

Scaly eruptions on the head, chapped
hands and lips, cuts, bruises, scalds
burns are quickly cured by DeWitt's
Witch Hazel Salve. 1t is at present the
article most used for piles, and 1t always
cures them. b. D. ALERT & Co.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

METHODIST EPIsCoPAL--Rev.J T.
XX4 Herrinton pastor. Services every Sunday
alternating morning and evening at ii and 1850
o'clock respectively. Prayer meeting Thurs
Sunday. Strangers in the city always welcome.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

To cure all old sores, to heal and onif
lent ulcer, or to speedily cure piles, you
need simply apply DeWltt's Witch Hazel
Salve according to directions. Its magic
like action will SUNRISE you. 81. D. ALERT
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10
NOTICE.
To Holders Of A. 0. U. ", Certificates

You are hereby notified that there will
be meeting Of holders OF A. O. U. W.
certificates at the X. of P. hall, in thu
City OF Langdon, on Monday evening,
Dec. 21st, 1896. The presence OF all
holders Of certificates is desired as mat.
tiers OF Importance have to be adjusted.
1910 o. c. WENTWORTH, Sec'y.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

The length OF life may bc increased by
lesseninR Its dangers. The majority Of
people die from lung troubles. These
may to averted by promptly using One
Minute Cough Cure. H. D. Alert & Go
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10
The Destination of chenp Butter.

The Destination of Cheap Butter.
We have all along insisted that Euro
pcans could not correctly judge OF our
skill in butter making, from the quail
ity Of the goods we sent over there.
Our best butter is all called for by
Americans, and the grease that john
ny Bull. and his uncles and cousins and
aunts. get from us is generally Of a
'low down" grade, when ready for
final consumption.
There ought to be a law to prevent
the exportati lion Of such stuff under the
name of butter. 1t ought to be labelled
axle grease" bat even that would be
too good term sometimes. Farm,
Stock and Home says:
In spite Of the creamery, the fine
home dairy, improved methods all
along the line, due to the gospel of
the papers, the dairy school and the
farmers institute, there is yet vast
deal of poor butter made in the United
States, and the questions are often
asked, where does it go and what use
is made of it?
A study of our exports of butter will
answer the question. The butter we
send abroad averages 10 cents to II
cents pound; in other words, it is
not butter, but grease. and sold out
of the country at probably three to five
cents a pound less than it costs to pro-
duce 1t.
This is not only a frightful waste,
but 1t is an advertisement to Europe
Of our butter that makes it slow In
deed to look to us for butter for table
use. If nothing but good butter were
made In this country we would have
butter to export at a profit instead Of
grease at a loss. and therefore fear
not to make all the butter good.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

r ANGDON COURT No. lis, 1. o. F., Meets
~ in M. w. of A. Hall, on second and fourth
Tuesday in each month, at 7:30 o. m. Visiting
brethren cordially invited to attend.
GEO. BARCELo. HID. ALERT
RS. C.R.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

r ANGDoN CAMP, No. $780, NJ. W. of A
second es and fourth Monday " evenings Of each
month. Visiting Woodmen invited
B. ERICKSON. WIN TAYLOR,
Clerk, v. c.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

r ANGDON LODGE No. 49, K OF P.-Holds
~ regular conventions every Wednesday even
ing in their Castle Hall Visiting Knights invited
THOs. SHEEHAN. JOHN E. TRUAX
K. of r. l. s. &C.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

T1NIFORM RANK K. of, K, Langdon Divi
~ sion No. 5, meets at the X. of P. Hall on
the second and fourth Wednesday of each month
II, ID. albert, w. II. SPEOKMANN
Recorder. Captain
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10
Off GAL DIRECTORY.
STATE OFFICERS.

I q STATE OFFICERS.
%. 8. Representative m. n. johnson.
Senators Il VI e. R RsDsbronsh.
Lieut.. Governor. John y; Worst
6ecrefarY OF state. y. NJ Dahl
state Treasurer. ................ Geo; r. Nichols
zosn aSSs john = ce ssss
Chief Justices. n, Si! %s5i}s
~ %s$:''*
anpt of Pub Instruction :. 80. Emma F. Batee
Com Agriculture and Labor. "A. b. Laughlin
Com Insurance. Fred b. fancher
Eighteenth District 10000. c w Plain, of Milton
REPRESENTATIVES.
Eighteenth District. ......J B Boyd, of Langdon
Eighteenth District 800. u Bntterwick, Milton
Judge of the Dist Court. It'll. Judicial District.
Otto e. sarter.. ...... Grafton.
Clerk Dist. Court. J E. Truax. Langdon
COUNTY OFFICERS.
states Attorney. Nv; B: Dickson. Langdon
Treasurer :....;. 81. L, Robertson. Langdon
Register Of Deeds. Geo Barcelo.. Lanedon.
Surveyor David Fehr 49,. Lansdon.
Coroner 5000: ......S G. Gibson. ..Langdon.
Con. :. LIST. Dist. Henry Mclean :. ... Byron.
Com. End. - ......P. McHngh... .Langdon.
Com. Srd. - -. George Weir. Milton.
Com. 4th. /" ..... Harry Dunford Langdon,
Com. 5th. "..... Henry Porter .Walhalla
CITY OFFICIALS.
Mayor. ............ r. e: B. Mercer
City Auditor. ...................o;C G. Wentworth
treasurer. .SuaS SHlSnOlul
City Attorney. Observation-Disclosures. C. Monnet
Police Magistrate. Colin Mcleod
City Justice L: lawson
ALDERMEN.
First Ward Alex. N1cNiven. JAS Loynes
Second Ward &. J. Evan, A. Schulke
Third Ward ............A. Oke, d. H. Mcmillan
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

r ANGDON CITY BAND-Mects at the City
- Hall on Tuesday evening of each week.
K. MOORE. JAS 8. LoYNEs
Leader President
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

ZION LODGE No. 46, 1. o. G. T.-Meets every
y alternate Saturday evening at the M, +
Church at eight o'clock, Visiting Good Tenn
plars cordially invited.
n. C. WHITNEY, CHAs CRAWFORD.
Secretary. Chief Templar
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10
SOCIETIES.

n> LEBANON LODGE NO. s4A. F..
@hXSF & A. NJ. Meet in their hall in
Z&S,Vss Langdon, ON the Second and Fourth
~ ~ Friday of each month. Masons
sHe9EEsMS who are visiting in the city are
" fsS>e cordially invited to attend.
Robert Work, W. i. WINTER,
Sec. W. M.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

LIRE DEPARTMENT Regular meeting of
& Langdon Fire Departne nt at the Fire Hall
on the first Tuesday of each month.
G. b MCMILLAN, CHAs. CHISHOLM,
Secretary Chief.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10
CHURCHES.

E,lRsT PREsBYTERIAN-Rev Thos. Douoan.
pastor. Preaching everJ Sabbath alternat.
p. m. Wednesdays. We will be Glad TO meet
and welcome you and do you what good We can
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

TPWORTH LEAGUE Meets at tho NJ, E.
- Church on Tuesday evening of each week
at eight o'clock, with literary programs,
B. ERICKSON, j. e. HIRRINToN
Secretary President
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

YOUNG PEOPLES SOCIETY of Christ;an
= Endeay0r meets every Friday evening at
eight o'clock in the Presbyterian church pArlors
EL0RENCE printer, Gxop0H ELfopn
Secretary President
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1896-12-10

NJ G. T. q. Meets in the parlors of the
w Presbyterian Church every Wednesday
afternoon at 8o'clock.
FLORENCE PRINTER, MRS. F. B. TRACY
Secretary President.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09
EARLrrsr ONIONS PAY.

There's q market gardener In
Minnesota. He is prosperous, makes
his money on earliest vegetables,
gets his seeds from Salzer, fol-
lows Salzer's instructions how TO grow
1000 bu. per acre and sells Salzer's
King of the Earliest onion already in
July and gets $3.50 q bu.! Catalogue
tells all about it and of lots of other
seed for garden and farm! IS packages
earliest vegetables $1.O0.
If YoU WILL CUT THIS OUT AND SEND
1t with 12c. stamps to John A. Salzer.
La Crosse, Wis.,, you will get free his
catalogue and a package of yellow wa
termelon sensation. (K.)
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09
Beware of Ointments for Catarrh thas
Contain Mercury,

Contain Mercury,
as mercury will surely destroy the sense OF
smell and completely d Grange the whole sys-
tenn when entering it through the mucous
surfaces. Such articles should never be
used except on prescriptions from reputable
physicians, as the damage they will do IS
ten fold to the good you can possibly de-
rive from them. Halls Catarrh Cure, man
ufactured by F. J. Cheney & Co., Toledo,
O., contains no mercury, and is taken in.
ternally, acting directly upon the blood and
mucous surfaces of the system. In buying
Halls Catarrh Cure be sure you get the
genuine. It is taken internally, and made
in Toledo, Ohio, by F. J. Cheney q Co. les
timonials free.
Sold by Druggists, price 75c. per bottle.
Halls Family Pills are the best.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09
Ghosts Are Pa,e and shadowy,

Ghosts Are PaIo and ShadoWys
Say those who profess to have interviewed
not, mortals are whose blood is thin and
watery in conseq uence of imperfect assimi-
lation. When invalids resort to Hostetter's
Stomach Bitters, and use that unequalled
tonic persistently, they soon s'pick up" in
strength, flesh and color It should be
used also to prevent malarial, rheumatic
and kidney complaints, and to remedy con-
stipation, sick headache and nervousness.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09

sYEssrR.n said Farmer Corntossel,
sswe,re goin, to have a genuine novelty in
our township next year." "What will i
be!'' ssWe're goin' ter hev county far
wethout any Midway Plizzance into it ~
Washington Star.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09

CouLD anything be neater than the old
whom he offered to lift over the gutter, and
who insisted that she was too heavyl tsLor',
missus," said he, "I'se used to lifting bar
rels of sugar."-Exchange
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09

ssYou and your sister are about the same
size, and you look exactly alike. Twins,
aren't youl" asked the visitor. 'aCourse
notp' exclaimed Tommy, highly indignant.
tShe's girlp-Chicago Tribune.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09

MAY-''They tell me your engagement
with Charley Gumphleigh is broken. How
did it hapgensn CarrieI..It is no great
keep; that's all. Boston Transcript.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09

ttBRowN's BRONCHIAL TRoCHEs" are UNI
rivalled for relieving Coughs, Hoarseness
and all Throat Troubles. Sold only in boxes
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09

BKEcHAM'S PILLS for constipation 10c and
and go by it. Annual sales 600 900 boxes.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09

A FoCR-YEAR-oLD child aptly described
Imagination as looking at things you cannot
see.-Texas Siftings.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09

Business Chance-A Good Income.
We pay you to sell fruit trees. Stark
Nurseries, Louisiana, Mo-; Rockport, Ill.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09

A SERMON over 20 minutes long Is q cler.
ical error.-Texas Siftines
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09

.owr. OF, THE MORE STARTLING rsrA,,r1ss
Ian. lat Albany, N. Y. II burninc
hotel Near waverly. WIS, hhurninf,
Ian. 1lIn Deception bay. Wash Is by
foundering of schooner 81
Jan. 15-At Butte. Mont-s ose ex-
riosion Of giant powder ho,,.
Ian. 19-At-Rusk. Tex. oy oohes az
IAN sa-Near Sturgis, KY, 5 by expiosen
IN Trade water Co.'S plant. ..ea,
Ian. 23-On Lake MicnigA gan. an boar
I'm 2s-Near New London. Conn., -
-rock OF coal barges. ,ntah
Feb. f-At dilwaukee. neal
tunnel, o-At Point Of woods, n. vi OF
xssorer,s crew. In the Chesape.sss.s
6uri1r blixxarsS....At Giouceses
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1896-01-09

Ian. IS At Macon, Ca, s. Waxelbaum q
Sons dry goods store: syls;seo p.sa
Pros hacking houses: S,Oo0.Sa-
Mar. es-At Milwa ukee, % Business paiio-
Mar Sat st. Augustine. Fla. 40 build
Apr. I4-At Elkhorn, Neb.. 10 business
buildings. AT Pasadena. Cal. Hotei ray
Nav AT La Porte, Mich, On buildings
May 1aAt Pratt City, Ala, hotel, CITY
hail. church and IL dwellings.
May 1S--At Stevens Point, Wis, paper ana
pulp mill; $4,000.
Kings.
y Jun. Sat Kalamazoo, Mich, Dewing &
IONS lunser yards. planning mill and sasn'
t1oor and blind factory, also stores.
tx5un 10-At Milwaukee, in center of lum-
~ and tannery district: $4,000.
| N{ul 31-At Menominee, Mtch-s loss % 1um-
companies, N,000, coo.
Birmingham state herald., 1896-09-03
I.iverpool Cotton Market.

Liverpool, Sept. 2.-i2:S0 p. m.--The cotton market was quiet, and prices were firm American middling. 4ssd; sales, 5000 bales, oi which 720o were American: for speculation and export, 800 bales; receipts 200, all American. Futures opened firm: demand good. September, 3O-si@4 S2-64d; Septem- seg seT snd 2Sa 3Sld Ss4d October and December, 23-e4G,4 21-64d; December and January. 22-64@4 2O-64d; January and February, 4 20-6iM4 23-64d February and March, 24-64q4 23-64d; March and April, 25-64q4 24-64d; April and May 4 24-64Q4 26-6id May and June 26-6i@4 25-64d. Futures were quiet. at the advance. Tenders, 100 bales new dockets.
 Liverpool, Sept 2.--4 p. m.---Cotton futures closed quiet American middling and low middling clause: September, 32-64@4 33-64d sellers; September and October 26-64d buy CTS; october and November, 24-64d sellers; November and December, December and January, January and February, 2s-64d sell lers; February and March, 4 H-64d sellers, March and April, 25-64d sellers April and May. 26-6id sellers; May and June 1 27-Gid sellers; June and July. 2S-64d sellers. Flu, lures closed quiet.