davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
sERvlAN BEE FARMS.
They Are to Be Conducted on Strictly
Scientific PRINCIPLES.

/ Th6y Are TO BE Conducted on Strictly
Scientific Principles.
A new industrial departure of great
interest has been taken in Servia, where
society for bee and fruit culture"
has been established, says the ST. Louis
Globe-Democrat. This society seeks to
introduce a system of beekeeping on
scientific principles, and of developing
the industry on a profitable basis
throughout that country, where, until
lately, the peasants have been in the
habit of keeping their bees in conical
straw skeps daubed with mud or plas-
ter, and destroying the bees to obtain
the honey. 1t is probable that the so
ciety will provide the peasants with
cheap straw skeps with supers, as well
as bar-framed hives and other desirable
agricultural appliances. The farm of
the society contains about 200 hives,
placed in regular rows over the ground,
six feet six inches from each other,
facing north. These hives are all on
the bar-frame principle, and of the pat
tern generally known as Dzierzon hives,
and they contain about so pounds OF
honey in the comb when full. They
are made of wood, with draw sides, and
cost about 1925 each. The bees appear
to be a species of the common bee (Apfs
mellifca), but are rather small in size,
and unusually tractable. The Italian
bee (Apis ligustica) does not succeed
well in Servia, becoming quickly
merged into the indigenous stock.
The bee farm is provided with two
centrifugal honey-extractors of very
simple design, but perfectlypractical.
After extraction, the honey is put into
glass bottles, with neat screw tops, inn
ported from Austria, containing re-
spectively half pound, one pound and
two pounds. The price Of the honey
is about IT cents a pound, exclusive of
the bottle, for which an extra charge
is made. The wax is sold to the wax
dealers for making into church can
dies, and realizes about 80 cents a
pound. The Importance of encourag-
ing bee culture is evidently fully real
lied by the members of this society and
others interested, and the introduction
of law is in contemplation obliging
all priests, schoolmasters and certain
others holding employment under the
government to turn their attention to
| the keeping of bees.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18

which the pens are kept filled to the
depth of feet. We use leaves of the
woods, rakings from the lawns, and any
and everything that will make manure,
and estimate that each pen gives us at
least two large loads of the very best
of manure every year; thus making
40 loads from the 20 pens, which we
value at not less than three dollars a
load, each year paying the entire cost
of cementing, etc.
At one end of the building is the boil
er room, with kettle holding rs gallons,
in which we boil whatever we may have
I'M the way of small potatoes, beets, cab
bage, pumpkins, ETC., and in which we
heat water for feeding, as in cold
weather we give no cold feed or drink but
Just take the chill off. Next the boiler
room is the feed-room, 10 by IS feet.
with bins for holding five tons of feed.
L should have added that in the boiler
room is a pump with plenty of pure
water from well outside. Beyond the
feed-room, and connected with the
boiler-room, is the butcher-shop, IS by
&c feet, with scalding tank, scrapin9
table, hooks for hanging IS hogs at
one time, ropes and pulleys for hand
ling hogs in dressing, also table for cut
ting up hogs and beef, equipped with a
full set of butchering tools. Over all is
dhe corn-chamber, s feet high in the
center, and sloping to 2 feet at the
sides.
From the inside pens to the outside
are doors hung at the top on small
iron rod, through which the hogs pass
back and forth from inside to outside.
There are plenty of windows for light
and ventilation. In the inside pens,
n board 8 inches high is placed to keep
their bed in place. The house is IS
inches higher than the outside pens,
and a bridge 3 feet wide runs from
the cement floor to the swing door of
each pen.
Onr man heats water and feeds the
entire lot in one hour; and as we only
feed twice day, only about two hours
are consumed each day in feeding, and
not more than this time in cleaning
pens, renewing beds, each. have seen
many hog-pens, but none more con-
vcnient for handling work than these.
&c. NJ. White, in Country Gentleman.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
FATTENING LAMBS.

Prof. Roberts Tells What Experience Haa
shown to BE a Good Ration.
For fattening lambs Prof. Roberts
gives the following ration in the Rural
New Yorker:
Cornmeal should form, in connection
with the other foods mentioned, one.
third of the grain ration. CornmeaL,
100 pounds; wheat bran, 100 pounds;
oil meal, 20 pounds; peas, 30 pounds;
oats, so pounds. Mix and feed from
one-half to one pound per day per
lamb. This will do when shredded
cornstalks are used, but when clover is
fed there should be greater proper.
ton of corn, and less of oats and peas.
If one feed is of shredded corn and one
of clover each day, then the corn should
not be increased, and the oats and peas
diminished as much as when clover is
fed exclusively.
Sheep do not relish wheat as well as
the other grains, either whole or
ground. Better feed the wheat to the
chickens. The grain alone would
give a nutritive ratio of one to five and
five-tenths. The shredded corn fodder
would widen it possibly one to six or one
to six and five-tenths. 1t would be still
too narrow for fattening lambs in cold
quarters; if kept in warm quarters, it
would be wide enough. BY substitute
ing little corn for a part of the highly
heterogeneous food (peas and oil meaD
the ration could be easily widened. 4
few mangels or some other succulent
food would improve the ration.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
FACTS FOR FARMERS.

A lot of old-time sheepraisers who
sold outsa year or two ago are buying
up again.
It is good plan to get the poorest
land on the farm in grass and cultivate
the more fertile land.
There is no need of rundown farms
where those in charge grow clover
literally and rotate with good judg-
nent.
Experiments with sachaline and the
fiat pea at the Swiss station for three
years resulted in the condemnation OF
both.
The director of the Oklahoma exper-
iment station says: Teosinte, giant
grass, somewhat like corn, makes a
large growth. At the experiment sta
ton as much as 25 tons per acre of green
fodder was secured from a small plat.
This crop is troublesome to handle, and
the fact that it does not mature seed in
this climate is an bjection..-Journal
of Agriculture.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
The DECAY OF Grass ROOFS.

Every time the ground freezes and
thaws many grass roots near the sur
face are snapped from the main stem,
we are told by writer. 1t is doubtless
the decay of these which contributes to
the increase of fertility when fields are
kept in grass. Some of the grasses,
and especially the clovers, run out after
one or two years. The decay of their
roots in the soil helps to make the more
hardy and enduring varieties more
thrifty. We are apt to think that sod
so far as its roots are concerned. is a
constant quantity from year to year
But if we could examine it every spring
we should probably find that many OF
its roots have dropped off, and will have
to be replaced during the growing
season.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
old Process Linseed Meal.

We have fed oil meal (old process)
to hogs of all ages and under almost all
conditions, and have always been
pleased with the results. This stock
food has most excellent effect upon
the digestive organs, and seems to rem
der the animals thrifty and to help
make better use of the other foods sup
piled. / think it is a good substitute
for milk, the best of all whole foods
for animals. usually feed it with the
Stops, letting it stand in soak ten to
10 hours. 1t makes more bulk to
your feed. For conditioning show ami
mails it cannot be excelled, making the
skin clean and pliable, the hair soft and
silky, and the eye bright and clear,
andin generalimparts an appearance o.
thrift and health. / heartily recon-
mend it's use in proper quantities.-Cott
Barnett, Secretary Indiana Swine
Breeders Association.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
CAKES FOB CATTLE
Good and Economical Scheme for Utilix~
ing Waste Food Materials.

Good and Economical Scheme for Utiliz~
ing Waste Food Materials.
The department of agriculture has a
new idea. 1t is to utilize great quanti-
ties of food materials that now go to
waste in this country by putting them
into the shape of biscuits and cakes
for sale as feed for horses and cattle
abroad, says the New York Post. The
material thus employed would be re-
duced by hydraulic pressure to the
least possible bulk. It is believed in
this way market can be found in Eu-
rope for certain products of the United
States which at present are thrown
away-such as the refuse of -four mills,
rice mills, oat mills, cotton-seed oil
mills, and the glucose and starch fac
tories.
Farmers in Europe are accustomed to
feed their animals on cakes which are
compounded on Gietetic principles, SO
as to furnish the requisite elements for
producing fat and lean. To serve as a
basis for the cakes referred to, they
obtained from the United States last
year 75O, O00,O 900 pounds of refuse from
cottonseed oil and linseed oil mills,
representing value of ST 100000. They
mix this stuff with various grains and
folders, SO as to make suitable ration
for whatever purpose may be in view,
whether it be flesh, milk or the support
of beasts of work. 1t is estimated that
ten pounds of glucose are manufac-
tured annually, for every man, woman
and child in this country. For this
purpose the starchy contents of the
corn grains are separated from the
hulls and germs. The germs and hulls,
which are extremely rich in food ele-
ments, are wasted to great extent,
though a portion of this material is
dried and utilized eventually as cattle
feed.
1t is the same way with similar by
products of the mills which prepare
corn for distilIers and brewers. At
present we sell abroad less than 400, 900
tons of oil cake and meal. It is believed
that we could readily dispose of 1,2OO,-
900 tons of ready-made feed cakes,
worth $50 ton at our seaboard, or $24, !
600, 000-a gain of more than $14,OOO,-
0OC in foreign markets for our grain
producers, millers and oil mills. In Eu-
rope the cakes, which the farmers make
or buy, are solidifed by mixing the
ingredients with tarry or other sticky
substance. 1t is suggested that for
this purpose in the United States mo-
lasses might be employed. Vast quaint
ties of molasses go to waste annually.
After the sugar has been separated the
surplus of black molasses is thrown
away. 1t is rich and good, but it is
black, and SO nobody will buy it.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
House for Roof storage

In building house for root storage
concrete is claimed by many to turn
frost Better than stone. If stone or
concrete is used it would be well to
put upright studding on the inside of
the most exposed wall or walls and
double board the same, with tar paper
between. For frame building, double
board outside and inside, with tar paper
between the boards in each case, and fill
the intervening space with sawdust. IL
the roots freeze next the most exposed
side, erect studding inside and double
board with tar paper again, thus form-
ing two dead-air spaces.-Prof. G. Z.
Day, Ontario Experiment Farm.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
FARM AND GARDEN.
EXCELLENT PlGGERY.
description of the Pens at MIR. Whites
Noted MHiIIside Farms"

Description of the Pens at MIR. Whites
Noted 4HiIIside Farms"
The house is "a by 10 feet. An alley
runs through the center feet wide,
and on each side 10 pens, 10 by 10 feet,
each pen having a small door opening
scRoss-sECTIoN OF MIR. WHITES PIGGERY.
into the alley, through which to drive
hogs when ready to butcher, or Tor
changing from one pen to another.
There is also a small swing door over
each trough to throw back, keeping
hogs out of trough until the same is
filed. when the door is released, swing
ang into place again. The front OF pens
next alley, also partition between
pens, are 31a feet high, leave ali space
above open for free circulation OF air.
Troughs are feet long, IL inches wide
on bottom, with tiaring sides.
Each pen is designed for six small
or four large hogs, and find they are
none too large The outside pens are
40 by Is feet, with 6 inches of broken
stone, covered with inches of concrete,
and this with 1 inch of Portland ce-
ment. This cement floor is sloped up
at the outer edges, thus forming de-
preston 6 inches deep which holds all
liquids, and by keeping the moisture,
helps decompose the material with
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
THE FARMING WORLD.
CHEAP FOOD MATERIAL.

Economy Is Always In Order on the
Average Stock Farm.
Great waste of food is the rule on
the average stock farm. This i: espe-
cially true on the general farm, where
but a moderate number of domestic
animals is the rule. The waste is not
the quantity but in the quality of the
food given the live stock. Corn and
oats are often fed freely to the brood
mares and older horses when not at
work, and when they are in high flesh.
The-same practice is found in feeding
dry sows, ewes, sows, ETC., when they
are loaded with flesh and fat. Discrim-
ination is not made in feeding for
growth and for the proper mainte-
nance of good condition. The food of
support is too largely augmented in
many cases.
1t is not safe to overfeed the breed
ing stock.
There is always danger in the effort
to limit food of going to the other ex-
treme. This may be avoided by the
substitution of the cheaper grades of
food. The ensilage furnishes a cheaper
quality but very satisfactory food for
making gain, and also maintaining
condition and vigor of digestion. The
various roots, vegetables and fruits can
be substituted as part ration for all
OF the stock not fattening to a finish.
The bulky provender, too, should be
used freely instead of grain, as the
grain can be more easily carried over
| to next year when it may be much
more valuable. A wise use of economy
| in feeding. Ordinary salt and wood
ashes, kept accessible to the stock, do
good service in maintaining good
heath, as well as in giving full effect
to the food given to the animals on the
| farm.
There is, occasionally, a false pride
about the condition of ones domestic
animals. The horse for work or the
young growing animal is better able
| to maintain vigor or make the best
growth, if in good flesh rather than
excessively fat.
Grazing can provided on most farms
during nine months of the year. The
rye, early oats and winter wheat are
all the better when grazed jndiciously
This reserves the bluegrass for rainy
windy days in winter, and enables linn
/ tied acres of regular pasture to dc
| greater service. Oats can be sown in
March, and will afford grazing to colts
calves and lambs after May I, and te
hogs after May 20. From March 1 tC
| September is a good time to save the
good corn and oats, in view of crop
possibilities. Economy is always in
| Order.-Western Rural.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
HOMEMADE CLoD cRUsHER.

low. The Importance of securing a fine
seed-bed cannot be too strongly urged
upon farmers, and this machine so fine
ly supplements the work of the cultiva-
tor as to make it worth any ones while
to spend the necessary time in making
it. The cylinder can be large or small
the larger it is up to a certain point
the easier will be the draft. Two disks
are cut from planks, and triangular
shaped pieces firmly nailed to these,
square joists split at the mill serve
we'll for this purpose. Shafts are then
added.@Orange Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
The Contro1 of swarming.

the prime factors. Brood is the only
factor we can remove and not defeat
our object-honey. The removal of
brood, instead of decreasing the honey
weld, rather increases it. We may re-
move the brood by direct confscation,
or we can do it more gradually by the
removal of the queen. The first method
would be better where the flow is very
short and profuse, the second better
where the flows lasts 10 to 60 or more
DAYS. The cause OF swarUeing is in
stinct; its control, broodlessness. Other
methods at times seem effective, but the
only method of controlling swarming
that is at all times a success, is brood
lessness.- Southern Cu1tiyator.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18

gether. The inner posts, A A, should
lean outward, SO as to make the hori-
zontal width along the dotted line, +,
two feet more than the floor width at
III. The'post A and E are placed di-
rectly opposite each other, and braced
together as indicated at 7. The rafters
may be of the usual structure, which
would require cross ties, or joists, at T;
or else truss frame may be made as
indicated at 3 B and C. A roof on such
truss frame will not spread, and the
hay carrier may be swung at d.
Fig. represents the shed weather.
boarded down to within six feet of the
floor. The door, A, may be hinged so
as to swing down, or may be made
double and open into the barn. In
either case the space for admitting
the hay should be at least six feet
square, and, in fact, eight feet is bet
ter. The rail for the hay carrier would
extend out at B, if truss roof is used;
in ordinary roof, the carrier would be
at top of rafters. If long enough posts
"a and E, Fig. y may not be bad, use
the longest available 2X6 pieces, and
spike strongly the lower ends to short
posts placed well in the ground.
A drive crosswise through this shed
would be more convenient in many
ways. If the hay is to be haled, the
| bales could be conveniently stored. If
intending to bale, put the hay into the
shed in sections, ten to twelve feet long,
the entire width of the shed, as it will
be much more convenient chat way for
getting out. Indeed, it will be the bet
ter way even if the hay IS to be hauled
out, in which case arrange the floor so
as to back the wagon under at K, Fig.
/ 2. A shed of this style can be built 20
feet wide and IS feet high, at cost of
only So to $3.50 for each ton of contents,
and it will last 20 years. The siding,
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
CHEAP FODDER GUTTER.

A Homemade Device Which Win Answer
Every Ordinary Purpose.
We farmers must economic. If we
can make device that will answer
every purpose, we needn't buy one, and
thus save the money to pay $4,000 Off
cial salaries and imitation railroad fares.
made cutting box, to cut cornfodder,
etc. 1t is shown in the cut, which ex-
plains itself. Four pieces of scantling
2x2, and IS inches long, make the x
frame or ends. Two boards IA inches
wide and 4 feet long, placed as shown,
make the box. This makes box a lit
tie higher than an ordinary mans knee.
Place bundle of fodder in the box, put
your knee on it, and with hay knife
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18

will not continually brood them, even
if cold, and the chicks become chilled
The engraving shows device for keep
ing the brood warm. It is coop with
glass top set on top of pen filled with
heating horse manure. 1t is, in fact,
a coop on top of a hot bed. The bot
tom of the coop is of thin boards, so
that sufficient warmth will go up into
the coop to make it very comfortable.
The hen and the chicks are placed in
side and sand and chaff given to scratch,
i'll. A score Of early chicks can thus be
raised that will set to laying early in
the fall.-Orange Judd Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18

Tt is always an advantage to secure
the earliest eggs laid for breeding pur-
poses. They are higher in price, but if
care is taken that they are never chilled
they will hatch larger proportion of
chicks, and the chicks themselves will
be stronger than those from eggs laid
later in the season. There is another
advantage also, as the early chicks get
through their moulting before cold
weather sets in next fall, and with good
feeding of egg-making material they
will lay most of the time next winter.
a late-hatched chick has to be kept
through one winter before it begins to
lay, and then it produces eggs only
when the price is the lowest.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18

The thing to do in breeding horses is
to select the breed that suits your taste
best and stick to that breed, and don't
waste any time experimenting and try
ing to procure new breed or a desira-
bic all-around horse by crossing the
product of your first years breed with
some other breed. Keep on with your
first choice. If the breed and type you
selected does not suit you, dispose of all
this stock and select another breed that
you think will suit you, and after you
have made a selection of breed, then
select first-class individuals of the
breed you have decided upon and pro-
coed again. Let some one older in the
business experiment by cross-breed-
ing and by infusing new blood
CoIman's Rural World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
SCIENCE IN FARMING.
1t VIII Pay Only When Joined to PIs
Common Sense.

1t VIII Pay Only When Joined to Plain
Common Sense.
The following, from a book recently
published entitled 1899 Queries With
Answers emphasizes our warning fire.
quently given that while cultivating
scinence farmers must use Judgment.
The intelligent practice of agriculture
is now guided by science, and in the flu
ture it will be ruled by it. Unfortu-
nately, but a small proportion of agri.
culturists will possess scientific intelli.
gence, and, consequently, the practices
and errors of the past will be continued
by the great majority. There will be
three classes of OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES alto
gether unscientific, the practical cult.
vator with some scientific attainments
and the scientific theorist, without prac-
tical experience or capacity for max.
ing things pay. The agricultural eX-
perimental stations have done more in
the last 90 years to disseminate scien-
tific knowledge of the action of fertili-
zers, plant diseases and cures, in
furious insects and methods of destroy.
ing them, than any agency which ever
existed. Agriculture is becoming scien-
Tluc, put IL can never be entirely so, as
no method or system can be depended
upon to produce fixed result, conse.
quent upon the uncertain effect of me.
neurological happenings. No art will call
to it's aid to interpret it so many scien-
tific branches as agriculture, but all
that will never make it a perfect science
on account of the unixed quantity of
heat and cold, rain or drought, the
variations of which defeat all caIcula-
finnS
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-04-18
HAnpY POULTRY cooP.
One That Is Easily Moved from One Pare
of a Field TO Another.


of q Field TO Another.
During winter poultry men should
find time to repair old chicken coops
and make new ones. With ordinary
care more vigorous pullets can be raised
by scattering them about the fields IN
small colonies after haying. as insects
then form very cheap and important
portion of their diet. When biddy
brings forth her brood, place her ID one
of the coops with the movable run In
position. This allows he1 to get to the
ground. After she leaves her chicks
the run is removed, the roosts placed
in position and the family moved to
any convenient spot. Pullets may be
sheltered in such house until cold
weather or until they begin to lay. The
coops will accommodate 25 chicks or
10 well-grown pullets. 1t is by feet,
and 21s feet high at the caves. The run
is by feet. The run and roof are
built with pitch of 80 degrees. The