davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-06-09
Work SpeQAS PIQiner ThQn TQIk

Honolulu, h. l., July 20, 1895.
TO WHOM 1T MAY CONCERN:
This is to certify that G. Akimt has
made several suits of clothes for me and
the workmanship has been of the best. L
take pleasure in recommending him and
his work to any and all.
Respectfully Yours,
JAMES B. OBERTEUFFER,
Seattle, Wash, U. s. A.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
HOW TO SALT BUTTER.
To Avoid Nothing Is the Easiest ThiaA
In the World.

Ts Avoid Nothing Is the Easiest ThlnH
in the World.
Perhaps everyone who has ever made
butter has been troubled with TINS at
some time. The cause of the notified
condition which is frequently seen III
butter is disputed one, yet it is simple
enough after all. AS we all know, salt
affects the color of butter. All butter
takes on deeper hue when 1T has been
sailed few hours. Take lot OF but
ter from the churn in a mass, salt IL III
streaks by cutting down through IL
with the ladle and scattering salt Tree
Nv where the ladle went, let it stand halI
q day before working and you will see
rood Illustration of notified butter
In few words, the explanation is TINS:
Notified butter is caused by uneven dis
tribution of salt. nothing more or less.
To avoid this the following plan is an
excellent one, and one which is followed
by MANY of our best butter makers TO
dav: Leave the butter in granules'wasn
with water cold enough to prevent ad-
bes;on. drain and salt while still in the
cburn then revolve the churn or tlp
from side TO side until the butter gloD'
ules mass somewhat and the salt is
evenly distributed. BY tipping the
oburn one way, then the other, the SAT-
NAV be very evenly sprinkled on, or
wooden fork Of suitable size may DC
used to stir it up, adding only portion
of the salt at time. The salt melts OF
dissolves the moment it touches the
Grains of butter, and each grain is In
stantly coated with brine. Then when
the butter has drained a few minutes
remove it to the worker, press until
moderately dry and pack away. NO
further working is necessary, and there
will be no trace of streaks or notified
condition to be found. Sailing in the
churn is sure to be favorite method
with those who try it. The amount OF
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11

not so simple and natural Sail - o
De made to certain extent o,,d -
without destroying or imnaa;no. 49,
"oiA Vi prison reform. In South Caro-
ma tnere are now said to be about GOO
coh'lcts at work on the highways. and
Tue Vaiue OF what they have done has
produced such an effect upon the Deo.
PIE OF the rural sections of that not nar-
'iculariy progressive state that conn+v
commissioners everywhere are stirr;no
up the subject of systematic road CON.
e'iucClon. tennessee has a lawAhat per
MUS II, ana New York has authorized
slnlllar experiment. 1t seems to us that
the New York law might very profitablv
De adopted in Minnesota at the next SEES
sion OF the legislature. This contem-
plates the employment of only a nor
zion OF the states convicts, to be selected
by the prison warden, probably with
tne assistance and approval of the state
board of charities and corrections. who
should be put to work on road improve
ment under the direction of experts
In road construction engaged by the
state.
1t is unquestionably true that the
work of reforming the criminal, of
which we must never lose sight by eX-
alting the commercial motive. is en-
tirely consistent with utilizing con-
Wet labor on the highways. There is
very large percentage of prison popula-
ton for whom this would be the most
desirable form of labor. By iudicious
selection of men, and by engaging
them in small gangs upon the highways,
1T is probable that more wholesome in
fuences might be brought to bear upon
them even than in a well-conducted
prison itself. At any rate, here is an
occupation which does not compete
with honest labor, which is available
for great number of convicts to whom
mechanical pursuits are not naturally
adapted, and whose results would be in
the highest degree beneficial to the
state. We believe that further expert
ment along this line should be made at
once, and that our own community
should attempt it.-St. Paul (Minn.)
Globe
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
IN THE BRITISH ISLES.

The north of Ireland is aroused in
resistance to the project of fencing in
the approaches of the giants causeway
with view to levy toll on sightseers.
1t is reported that there have been
more than 1000 visitors to Carlyle's
house in Chelsea, since it was turned
into a Carlyle museum less than year
ago.
The total sum subscribed up to this
date for the reendowmept fund of
Guys hospital, London, is just over
100000 toward the $2,50O,O00 which
was asked for.
Hampton Courts great goldfish is
dead. It lived in the central fountain,
weighed four pounds, and was proba-
bly, the largest and oldest specimen of
its kind in England.
English radicals are asking for the
appointment of public defenders to
oppose the public prosecutors. A fu-
ture Jean Paul Richter may be able to
relate the woes of an English Armen-
advok at Siebenkas.
Drink, according to Justice Wills, is
no longer the most fruitful cause Of
crime in England. Its place has been
taken by "the unlimited facilities for
illegitimate speculation on the part
of people who have no means OF en-
barking in it,"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
ORCHARD AND GARDEN.

Keep close watch on your trees for
the borers; little carelessness in this
may cost you fine tree.
If you find raspberry bush with a
reddish rust on the leaves, dig it up and
burn it. If this is not done, the trouble
will spread and ruin your patch.
A good mulch around the newly-set
trees is the next best thing to plenty
of water in time of drought. Spread it
out three or four feet on each side of the
tree.
The largest market is not always the
best one. For an average grade of
produce the consumers in a small town
will often pay better prices than can
be obtained in city markets.
Toads are no small help in Kidding
vines of bugs. They like boards for
shelter from the sun during the day,
and at night they have feast upon all
sorts Of insects which trouble the gar
den.
Decaying trees have been wonderful
ly stimulated with healthy growth by
digging four or five inches deep around
the base of the stem, scraping away the
worms and filling the hollow thus made
with fresh wood ashes.
Do not allow grass and weeds to grow
among the small fruits. They take up
the moisture and fertility from the
ground, and thus prevent the proper de-
velopment of the young plants, on
which you must depend for your next
years crop-Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11

much benefit the good roads will be to
them they viii at once enter into the
movement with a vim and energy that
will be surprising. After the good
roads are built the wear and tear on the
farmers vehicles and on his horses will
not be so much. He will be better able
to get to the market with his goods; he
will be able to carry more at a time, and
in that way he will get more benefit
from the roads than anyone else.
"0f course the bicycle riders will be
benefited They deserve it for the able
manner in which they have enlisted in
amoyemeut Z hat will in the end benefit
the entire state. People dislike to live
inaplace where there are bad roads, and
when the GOOD roads are built in Georgia
they will Die one among the many things
that viii induce the people to make this
state their home.
Good roads are as essential in a
certain sense as good railroads. Both
are a means Of transportation, and one
Is as important as the other. We will
soon have better roads; they are some
thing that we need badly, and see them
in the near future. When we get these
roads we can put them down on the
list Of the many things that bicycles
have done. l look upon the bicycle as
one of the greatest inventions of the
age, and I hope that it will continue to
be a pleasure as well as profit to man.
lind
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11

COLD STORAGE HOUSE.
The side sheds under the roof are use
full for storing empty barrels, crates,
tools, etc.
A strong lattice door is provided be-
hind the inside solid door to lock up
nights when veptilating. The close
doors being opened at both ends in au.
tumnal nights and when not too cold
in winter. When the room is thus flied
with cold air it is held in by tine tight
doors.
dark room is preferable. If win
dows are put in they should be of double
glass and have shutters over them.
On a well-drained sight the floor
should be below the surface and an
eight-inch sub-air duct run out several
rods with an adjustable ventilator in
the ceiling.
y room like this that will maintain
an equable temperat ure during tie
weeks preceding cold weather, especial
ly during the Indian summer, as it is
called, and zrade froSt-proof, is better
than an icehOuse. 1t is the sudden and
great changes in the temperature nights
and days which is destructive to fruit.
Ice-stored fruits held at low tempera-
lures will not stand exposure long in
market and the storage is much more
costly.
l have used this plan for many years
and handled thousands of barrels. l
store in barrels and repack when neces-
sary.-Farm Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
BACTERIA THAT SPOIL BUTTER.


matte flavor peculiar to fresh butter Of
specially fine flavor resulted chiefly
from the feed consumed by the cows,
and that the great difference between
winter butter and summer butter was
due to the difference between winter
feed and the fresh grass feed of the sum-
mer. This idea proves to be wholly
mistake. The difference is due to the
varying species of bacteria that find
their way into the cream.
Having discovered this fact, the next
thing obviously was to isolate the bac-
terra that produced the proper flavor
and to make cultures of them. e.,
multiply them in beef tea, gelatine, or
some other material on which they
would feed. 1t Is found that very
small quantity of such a culture, intro
duced into a pan of cream, will effect
the desired result, the good microbes
driving out the bad ones. Thus it is
easily conceived how valuable to the
dairy farmer is a supply of proper
culture, by which his butter product
may be made of first-rate and uni
form quality. To-day he is able to 1.uy
dry state, in Theoretically sealed bottles.
The sealing is all-important, inasmuch
as the air is alive with bacteria of all
sorts, and none not wanted must be
admitted.
There are good many kinds of bac-
terra which are foes of the dairymen.
They get into his cream and spoil his
product in the shape of butter or cheese.
Did you ever taste milk that was sour?
Probably you have. Well, the souring
is the work of certain species of bac-
terium. But there are ever so many
other species which give bad taste to
the cream, even causing the butter
made from it to smell badly. Two of
these are represented in figures 3 and
accompanying this article. Figures
1 and are the sort of bacteria which
make first-rate butter. Without such
as they you would probably forsaiSe
that agreeable edible and take to oleo-
margarine
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
THE CITIZEN MORNING SEPTEMBER 1896

Among small-sized trees besides the
two mentioned are several more very
desirable ones. The red bud, Halesia,
or silver bell, European mountain ash,
Negundo or ash-leafed maple, nettle
tree, cut-leaved weeping birch, cut
leaved alder, and the double hawthorns,
the single being too common to war
rant planting. The pawpaw and sassa-
fras come under this head, and their
suckering habits make them undesira-
BILE to plant anywhere except where
a constant use of the lawn mower keeps
the sprouts in check. Among shrub
berry which almost reach the dignity of
trees in height, but cannot be classed
as shade trees, may be mentioned the
syringa grandifora, the white lilac, the
purple fringe, the common SNOWFALL
and the white fringe or chinanthus.
The more general use of some of the
small trees and large shrubs in place
of the very large ones would be great
advance upon the present practice of
using the largest trees, even in places
of considerable extent.-L. B. Pierce,
in Ohio Farmer
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
TREES FOR ROADsIDEs.
Many Reasons Why Small Varieties Are
fha Most Advantageous.

Many Reasons Why Small Varieties Are
the Most Advantageous.
At the meeting of the Summit county
(O.) Horticultural society President
Sperry suggested good idea for road
side planting, which was to use trees
that at maturity are small. The ques-
ton arose upon the recommendation of
Mr.. C. N. Gaylord, committee on orna-
mental planting, to use the beautiful
American crab as lawn tree, urging
that there was no tree that was more
beautiful than this when covered with
its blushing buds and very fragrant
flowers. An exhibition by the writer
of some roSe-colored blossoms of the
large lowered dogwood (cornus fiorida),
called attention to another small-sized
tree of great beauty and value as an
ornamental tree, which is yearly grow
ing more scarce in the forests owing
to the fact that it's small size and slow
growth make it of little economic value.
Mr.. Sperry truly said that there were
serious objections to planting large
trees along the roadsides. They pre-
vented the rapid drying of the mud
in early spring and late fall, besides
seriously shading the land on adjoining
farms. Such medium or small-sized
trees as the crab and dogwood were not
open to these objections. The sugges-
ton seems to be an excellent one.
have long been of the opinion that in
many places the room of naples and
elms was much preferable to their COM
pany along the roadsides. There are
only three months in the year when
roadside shade is of value, and this
only applies to roads which run in an
easterly and westerly direction.
Another practice which I hope will
in time die out, is that of planting large
trees along the sidewalk in front of
houses. In almost every plan ] have
been called upon to furnish for door
yard improvement this feature is in
sisted upon, and coupled with the prac-
tice of putting houses quite close to
the road makes it almost impossible to
plan the lawn with any sort of taste.
A maple tree whose branches in few
years will push rs feet into yard
where the house is only 40 feet from
the street line, leaves little room for
anything except small shrubbery which
does not mind shade and drip of larger
growths.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
CLEAR THE ROADSIDES.
One Improvement That Is Almost Sure
to Lead to Others.

One Improvement That Is Almost Sure
to Lead to Others.
Good roads seems to be the cry all
around at this time. If we ever get
better roads it must be by someone
starting out and doing something be-
sides talking. 1t has already been
talked tin there is danger that it will
end in talk. | want to see a move in
the direction of better highways. Sup
pose the legislature at its next session
makes a law compelling towns at the
towns expense to cut all the weeds,
bushes and trees in the limits of the
road in The months of August and Sep
tember next following such enactment,
and cause The same to be burned except
such as Shall be left by special direc-
ton of the municipal officers for shade,
enumeration or use.
Then compel the owners or AUDITORS
10 cut them each year thereafter; and
TO insure the execution of the law let
Inc towns attend to the matter, cut
the bushes themselves and carry the
expense Of the same into the next years
TAX bills IN a separate column with the
same process of collection of other
taxes.
Do this and in the end it will harm
no one, for the roadsides will be worth
moving for hay, and it will add to the
selling value of nearly every farm
enough to pay the first cost.
know it is agreeable to ride in the
shade on an August afternoon, but 1T
Is disagreeable to ride in mud up to
me axle, after the driving road is dry
ahd easy travelling, as is almost always
Tue case when the road is shaded. Then
take the old walls that disfgure SO
many fields and dump them into the
uiehes and cover them from the old
toadbed, and you may have road that
VIII be hard the first day after the snow
10 oil and keep so till the snow comes
again.
occasionally, though l admit not
very often, pass farm where the stones
are picked down on the roadside and the
pushes, weeds and grass moved down
ggVery year. When l pass such farm
expect am passing thrifty farmer.
Vhe Improvement always opens the
way Tor others. Let us clear the road
sHes and be ready for the next adj
"a ,suee'-D. II. Thing, in New England
Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
BACTERIA THAT MAKE GOOD
BUTTER

use in the artificial flavor of butter.
Added to fresh cream, these microscopic
organisms multiply in incalculable
numbers, and give to the substance the
peculiar taete quality that is desired by
people who eat butter. In Denmark
dairying is conducted on scientific prin-
ciples, and in that country bacterial
cultures have come into general use in
the creameries. Already such cultures
have been placed on the market in the
United States, and small quantities of
them are obtainable by farmers, put up
in bottles and Theoretically sealed.
Among them perhaps the best-known
is Prof. Conn's culture of Bacillus No.
H." the original germs for which were
obtained by that scientist from Jar
of preserved cream from South Amer
lea, sent to the worlds fair at Chicago.
The notion that Philadelphia butter
may be made to order out of any sort
of cream merely by the addition of a
few microbes of particular species
seems surprising; yet it is a fact. 1t
used to be imagined that the pure aro-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
DISTINGUISHED FOREIGNERS.

Lord Chief Justice Russell expects to
devote three months to his American
tour.
Though So years of age. Aubrey de
We're still takes a keen interest in cur
rent literature and life.
The duke of Wellington is dangerous
ly i'll with dropsy. He is 80 years of age
and has no children, his heir being his
brother.
"He was very quiet and good little
boy" at school, was Joe Chamberlain
according to the story of his school
mate, Mellor, Q. c., at the recent re-
union of University College school.
No matter how fashions in the dress
ing of ladies' hair change, the manner
in which the princess of Wales arranges
hers alters not, her curls remaining,
SO far as their arrangement is con-
cerned, like unto the laws OF the Medes
and Persians.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
OPEN YOUR EYES.
Go to the City and Get Rid of Conceit
and Preiudice

The farmer who never leaves his farm
except when he goes to the cheese fac
tory, creamery, post Office, grocery or
to church, is usually the most con-
ceited and egotistical of all men; knows
the least about his business. makes the
poorest dairy product, and grows the
poorest and lightest crops. If he will
once go to the city and note the arrival
of his butter or fruit, compare it with
other arrivals, and note the comments
thereon, he will go home with a better
knowledge of his needs. The best and
most profitable lesson I ever learned
says prominent writer in Farmers
Home Journal, was on such a trip, and
the conceit and sslf-esteem / disposed
of on that occasion would have filled
volume. Go some day and see for your.
self. You will come home vastly wiser
and with a determination to discard
prejudice and make butter. AS much
loss comes from using inferior pack.
ages and poor products, ship only the
best goods, and in the most attractive
and neatest packages. You will find
that small packages, if neat and at.
tractive, sell for the best prices; there
is no room for poor goods of any kind.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
WORK FOR CONVICTS.
"u Men Can Be Employed in the Build
ing of Good Roads.

"u Men Can Be Employed in the Build
ing of Good Roads.
N good many of the states the in
10 OF penitentiaries are already en-
S'Oyed, to greater or less extent, in
=, approving the highways, and every
L%uefe the verdict is that good roads
'e been secured where they would
~ nave been built for century to
~ tue II the taxpayers had been obliged
~ initiate the work and bear the whole
ss ss OF 1t. Curiously enough, this most
ny 0iient scheme has made most prog
40 40 IN the communities where it is
stu fnlected with prison system that is
tbongly and justly reprehended. In
b.s states of the south where they
sva. e what is known as the "chain gang
e. ss'm' the idea of putting the prison
itso' ~ work on the highways suggested
n M naturally. The convicts were kept
nish open-air camps with guards fur
noas su by the state, and nothing was
pss natural than to engage them in
NJ, iepalr in the vicinity.
h;'s.e convicts are housed in great
thsS Jugs of stone and iron, and where
chan,lnay nave been put to labor at me-
Sai employment, the transition is
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
AMERICAN TOWN NAMES.

Bismarck is represented by 10 towns
and villages.
There is but one Garibaldi and one
Shakespeare, Pennsylvania having the
honor of owning the latter.
Baron Steuben's services in the revo'
luton have not been forgotten, for
there are 10 Steubens and Steubenvilles.
Gratitude to Columbus is reflected IN
90 towns if we include Columbus Land
ing, Mich, and Columbusville, N. \.
Napoleon and Kossuth are outdis-
tanced by Bismarck, for there are bur
ten Napoleons and one 1apoleonvllle
and seven Kossuths.
Lord Bryon was once a great fad In
America and his reward is "a towns
bearing his name, either by itself OF
as prefix.
The eyeball rests in cushion OF Ia1,
nv which it is surrounded on eve.y
side. when the system becomes grea az
- emaciated through disease tnls laO
e absorbed and the eye sinks Iurs ,s.s
into the head, thus giving the sunAen
a ann SO common in disease
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11

butter can be very closely estimated,
as the amount from given quantity OF
cream does not vary very materially
from time to time. Nor is it essential
to weigh out the salt each time. Meas.
ure out pound of salt-usually full
pint of salt will weigh a pound, and it
is more quickly measured than weighed
each time. Some adhere very tenacious
ly to the old way of twice working their
butter, but once is great plenty. II
the salt is evenly distributed and the
excess of moisture pressed out that is
sufficient, and it can as well be done at
one operation as at two.-Hoard's Dairy
man
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-09-11
MATCH BOXES FOR GIRLS.
Another of Mans Prerogatives Seized
Upon by the New Woman.

Another of Mans PrerOgatives Seized
Upon by the New Woman.
Until this year the match box has
been the unquestioned, exclusive prop
ectv of man. Never once did he think
of such thing as the fairer sex borrow
ing it. He may have had presentment
of her laying claim to his necktie, but
his matchbox-never.
But the bicycle girl, who makes what
ever she wants possible, has now laid
siege to mans matchbox. If she con-
templates riding at night she needs
matches to light her lamp, and neces.
sarily she must carry them in mGnCh-
box
That is the reason that there ere my
number of new match boxes this yeaT
which are smaller and more dainty than
anything in this line ever seen before.
"Do girls buy them2" prominent
ieweler was asked. To which question
he answered.: eyes, indeed. The
smaller sizes are made particularly for
their special USE"
The prettiest of the new match boxes
for girls are of gold with an enameled
decoration. The enameling either takes
the form of college or yacht club flag
or it resembles hand-painted minia-
ture showing girl en- wheel or the
head of dog. Many of these match
boxes are made with concealed recess
for photograph. 1t is only when
certain spring is touched that the pic
ture can be seen, so skillfully is it hidden
away.
The silver matchboxes, decorated
with the outline of tiny bicycle in
enamel. are also new and much less ex-
nensive.-N. Y. Journal.