davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1896-07-01

In a word, what is 1.-The West?" What
is 1.-The East?" Where does the one leave
off and the other begin?
To gain g. representative consensus OF
opinion, these questions also in turn put
to a number of senators from the West
and from the South last week, with many
varying replies. Such of those as come
from the far West would make the Missis-
sippi dividing line; others the Ohio river;
others would put in the East all that Is
this side of the Mississippi and north of
the Potomac. But all agreed that any d.
| vision was purely arbitrary and entirely
crude.
Two of the pithiest opinions came from
Thurston of Nebraska and from PETER of
Kansas. I had never suspected PETER of
a talent for epigram but that which he
struck off in answer to my question drove
at the heart of the matter like rain at the
roots. Said PETER:
"The West is a condition, not a section"
Just what he meant was that the indus
trial and social conditions which obtain in
the Western states gave rise to a set Of
ideas or sentiment which may be broad
ly described as western" although it is
by no means subscribed to by all the West
ern people, nor is this sentiment wholly
confined to the West but it is held almost
ly Is to be found in the East.
The other side of the matter you catch
in the reply of Thurston. Said the long
range orator from Omaha:
1.-THE East? The phrase is simply the
wall Of those who have failed to sue.
ceed.''
You may take whichever definition you
like. Incidentally, point you to the fact
that there is enough Eastern sentiment in
the Western state of Nebraska to elect
Thurston senator.
But however this may be, there unques-
tionably exists in very widespread meas
ure the sentiment which Senator Allen has
described. And when he talks of the East
and speaks of it as section he refers
chiefly to the very limited area which lies
east of the Alleghanies and north Of Mary
land, the capitalistic and manufacturing
section. When he speaks of the West he
refers broadly to the region west Of the
Mississippi and south of the Ohio.
In between is a line of neutral states
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois. and perhaps several
others. New York or Massachusetts
man will not hesitate to class these as
Western. A Kansas or Colorado man
would call them Eastern. But for the pur-
pose of broad division and because this
section acutely represents the Eastern
idea. 1 have, in the series of comparisons
which follow, defined the East as COM
prised Of the nine states Of New York. New
Jersey, Pennsylvania and New England,
which figure in the groupings OF the census
reports as the North Atlantic division. All
the rest of the country, including the
South. will be put over against this sec
ton, as Western.
If you will glance at the map. at the
brief summary which is put herewith, you
will read much of the story which the GEN.
sus bureau has to tell. You will observe
that the darkly colored portion which is
here defined as the East, when set over
against the total area of the country, is
The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1896-07-01

though Massachusetts and Rhode Island
have as few natural resources as any
states in the Union. yet they have popu-
lation ten and twelve times that of the av-
erage density of the country.
Were this whole nation so crowded as
Massachusetts it would sustain a popula-
ton Of above 70O0OO.OOO. Were it peopled
so closely as Rhode Island. it would sus-
tain a nation of close to billion souls.
In comparison with Massachusetts, 278 to
the square mile and Rhode Islands 318 to
tho square mile, such a richly favored
state as Illinois has but 6; Iowa, "a; Ne
braska, Is; Kansas, II; Texas, 8; Colorado,
4, and Montana, Wyoming and Idaho less
than /. The imperial state Of California
has but Z.
Now the sufficiently wonderful thing to
be noted in this connection is that several
Of these overcrowded states Of the East
are actually growing in population more
rapidly than some Of the great states
have named. The condition is one which
the curious economist. not to speak of
The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1896-07-01

turn out product of 50. 500, OK, OOo-a rela-
tionshtp of 81 to Is cents. On the other
hand, $1,000 100000 Of manufacturing capital
was able to take S zoo, 900, 900 worth of raw
material and make it worth above So, 900, =
100000, OF net gain Of $4,000, 900, 900 and
more. That was relation Of capital to net
gain of 81 to GA cents. This estimate does
not include the cost Of labor in farming and
manufacturing.
Whether this be a hint or a path to
the solution of the question, it is certain
the wealth gain Of the manufacturing states
in the last decade was extraordinarily great
er than that of most of the leading agri-
cultural producing states. There is little
book published by the Arena company
company which has set forth the facts in
this connection in such fascinating way
as to make it very close to the Populists'
Bible. 1t is called Bread Winners and
Bond Holders" and was written by S. S.
King of Kansas.
In one of his illustrations Mr.. King has
taken the state of Massachusetts, as an ex-
The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1896-07-01

many rejecting men, has not failed to pom
der. But the purpose of this article is rath-
er to expose the facts than to pause over
the problems they suggest
After land and population-that is to say.
material to work on and men to do the
work-comes capital and wealth, things to
work with. With per cent of the area
and Is per cent of tho population, the East
possesses 43 per cent of the assessed wealth
of the nation-above two-fifths. What is
more, it was able to capture of the wealth
gained in the ten years from 1880 to 1890 Al
per cent.
How did it do it? How with one-twen-
tieth of the land to work on and with one
fourth of the population to do the work
was this little section able to secure 80
large a percentage Of tho increment of
the nations stored up riches? Be it un-
derstood that this little section is not to
any considerable degree a 'producing''
section. 1t does not raise things" For
example, it has only IS per cent Of the
farm capital Of the country and only II
per cent of the acreage improved for cult
walton. OF the total agricultural product
Of the country-and in this is to be includ-
ed all the cotton, wool, hides and the like,
as well as all the cereals-this section
raises only II per cent.
Again, it has only Is per cent of the total
railway mileage of the country, which
may represent transportation facilities.
Clearly 1t does not grow rich out OF
these.
But the East is a manufacturer, With
only 5 per cent Of the area on which to
locate it's mills and factories, it still does
more than half the manufacturing for the
whole country. The states of New York
and Pennsylvania alone turn out more
than one-third of all the manufactured
product of the United States.
In word, the West produces the mater.
ials and the East makes them up Pre-.
cisely the relative profits of these two
operations probably no man could deter
mine. The following facts are presented
for just what they may be worth.
At the time the census was taken there
were 100000 workers employed on the
farms, in the fisheries and in the mines OF
the whole country. The annual value of
their produce was about $500, 600, 600. That
was an average value of product per work.
er of $273.
In the same year there were 5000. OOO
men and women employed in manufact-
cries. The total value of the prod
uct they turned out was about 49,
go. 100000. Deducting from this sum
the computed cost of the raw ma
terials. and the total value added to these
raw materials in the process of manufac-
turing was $4,21O, 100000. That was an aver
age Of $e42 per worker, or ratio of three to
one in favor of the manufacturing worker
as against the man on the farm
Or, to put the matter in another way. it
took nearly $4,000, Oo0. 600 Of farm capital to
The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1896-07-01
ROBBING THE TROLLEY.
A ssloonist Tapped the Wire snd Got HE
Light Worry Choaply.
From Harper's Weekly,


The attention Of story writer's who wish
to weave contemporaneous situations into
their tales is called to the recent and GU.
rious experience of Superintendent Brock
bank of the Brooklyn Heights Trolley
Railroad company. in connection with the
few weeks ago Mr.. Brockbank, being in q
saloon on the line Of his road, observed
that when one of the electric lights burned
out all the other lights in the saloon went
out in sympathy with 1t. 1t seems that
lights furnished by regular Illuminating
companies don't 60 out by wholesale in
That way, so Mr.. Brockbank nudged him.
self and began to take thought. He
promptly concluded that the saloon got its
light from electricity borrowed from the
feed wire of his trolley road. To make
sure. he arranged that at a certain hour
few nights later the power on the trolley
line Of that street should be turned of for
several minutes. The hour agreed on ho
stood opposite the saloon and watched.
When the time came the cars stopped, and
instantly the lights went out not only in
the suspected saloon, but in all the saloons
in the neighborhood, and in some other
places near by. The story came out when
he had the saloon keeper in court, charged
with stealing electricity. The saloon keep.
ers defense was that he bought his light
and paid for 1t, and didn't know where it
came from.
That is all there is Of the story. but tho
situation is where Mr. Brockbank stands
watching for the lights in one saloon to 20
out and sees sudden darkness swoop down
on a dozen, seems powerful and edifyinR.
His sensations must have been analogous
to those Of a man who fishes with a bunch
of hooks and gets half a dozen hard bites
all at the same instant. He continued his
investigation, and found that over twenty
people were using his company's electrioc
ity without paying for 1t.
The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1896-07-01

stage and assist him in the performance Of
a feat of legerdemain, and Jerry volun-
teered. He had an instructive distrust and
hatred Of this evil-looking master of the
black art, but he was actuated by the hope
of an opportunity to speak to the girl, and
this desire was gratihed before the even
ing was done.
Thus their acquaintance began, and every
night thereafter during the engagement
Jerry occupied his seat down front and par
ticipated in the performance.
Every day, too. he spent some time In
the company Of Mile. Clio-always when
the magician was busy gambling away his
profits of the night preceding. "Hellar,
ir.." was an expert with cards on the plat
form, but his talents in that line were not
called into play when faro was the game,
with Deadshot Steve as the dealer.
IF he saw us together. jerry" said the
girl. The would probably beat me. So we
must be careful"
The little lester was not Testing any now
adays. He was very thoughtful and very
grave. and all the camp noted the sudden
and remarkable change In him.
"Jerry's in love!" they concluded, sa-
gaciously, not without broad smiles at the
idea. when a 16-year-old boy gets his
first sweetheart it's a mighty serious mat
ter. Wal, we CANT blame Their kid none;
she's daisy! But what Their devil kin she
see in a little hunchback what's no taller
than her waist-line, and wherefore don't
she pay no attention to ther lovely Adon-
ises of Their camp? Thar's no accountin'
fer wimmen-critters. an thet's fact
They would one and all have stoutly
denied being jealous of Jerry, but down in
their hearts they were. III Nv
No such angel-faced creature as Mile.
The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1896-07-01

not a prodigious affair. The comparison
seems to dwarf it. It's western boundary
is $500 miles east of the line drawn down
the 97th meridian which is approximately
a geographical dissection of the country.
And still again, the western line of this
darkened section is long way from the
other line which you will note running
down through the middle Of Indiana, which
represents similar dissection of the whole
country on the basis of population.
In neither population nor in area does
the East preponderate. 1t has but per
cent of the land area of the United States,
and though its proportion of the population
is much greater. it is still but about a
fourth, or, to be exact. '26 per cent.
This latter fact has it's interesting par
ticulars. There are parts of the East that
are more densely populated than many
countries Of Europe. and it is a striking
fact that the most crowded area is the
least fertile or inviting. For example.
The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1896-07-01

ct is believed in the West that there is a
fixed purpose OH the part Of the East to con-
tinue this order Of things and thereby trans
fer the wealth of the West from the pockets
OF those who produce it to the pockets OF
those who have had no hand in its produc-
ton and no sympathy with its producers"
put this same question to number Of
other representative Western senators,
among others TO Senator Teller Of Colo
RADIO, Carter of Montana. PETER OF Kan
sas, Stewart of Nevada and to Pritchard
of North Carolina. And. though the re-
plies they gave varied widely in form OF
statement. yet their answers amounted to
much tho same matter and Senator Allen
has. think. very succinctly and very fair
~ stated the feeling Of large proportion
OF Westerners.
You will observe that among the names
noted above appears that of tho senator
from North Carolina. Il no to be included
IN the West2 ...aA...l....:. .AA>..4A...
The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1896-07-01

larly disproportionate share Of the popula-
ton of foreign birth or parentage; an indi-
cation that great wealth and great cities go
hand in hand with great want and with
mental and moral distress.
). AS regards it's intelligence or lack of
illiteracy. its expenditures on its public
schools, its enrolment of school children in
its numbers of churches or church COM
municants, the East does not predominant
over the typical West, however much 1t
may over the South.
Without further commitment. the reader
will, l think, agree that the review dis
closes many curious anomalies. many facts
at once startling and suggestive; that 1t
indicates the reason and perhaps tangible
basis for the discomfort and unrest of the
West. and for the antagonism of that Sec
ton and of the South for the East: that 1t
perhaps reveals tendency to foster one
great industry at the expense of others, not
to say of the Whole people; finally. that
there is much to here engage the attention
of the statesman bent upon an equal and
even handed development of the whole
country to the point Of the highest pros
perity, comfort and enlightenment.
CARL SNYDER.
The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1896-07-01

ample of what he calls ''non-producer,"
and set it in contrast to the nine great pro-
ducing states shown on the opposite side.
Taking land. labor and capital as the three
chief factors of production, he shows that
the nine states of what he calls 1.-The pro-
duce district had land in proportion to
Massachusetts as IS to 1: they had labor as
represented to the population as to 1, and
capital as represented by assessed value as
2 to l.
And yet in the ten years the nine great
producing states added to their assessed
wealth 1853 200, 900. while the single little
state of Massachusetts gained $569, 0OO, OOO
The one small exceeds the nine great
But peculiar fact to be noted in this con-
nection is that an almost Identical case
The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1896-07-01
could be made out against the states and
territories forming the gold and silver dis

could be made out against the states and
territories forming the gold and silver dis
tricts of the far West. With but per cent
of the population and 5 per cent of the as
sessed wealth. the gold and silver producing
states snatched Is per cent of the total
wealth gain Of the decade. a very much
larger proportion. you will readily perceive,
than that acquired by 'the robber East
take it that if the persuasive Belford of
Colorado ever realizes his oratorical dream
of new republic of the West. the statisti-
cal Mr.. King Of Kansas will Immediately
proceed to write a pamphlet with a SINH
larly bewildering and astonishing array Of
figures, to demonstrate how the wealth pro-
ducing section of the new republic is being
exploited by the gold and silver kings Of
the "Robber Rockies
The point Is not offered as a refutation
of Kings indictment so much as indicat-
ing the ease with which mass of statis-
tics may be manufactured by q compe-
tent. skillful and agile hand.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-02-16

There was a very enjoyable leap-year
social given at the residence of Miss
Annie Ball. on Williamsburg avenue.
Thursday night. Games Of all kinds were
INDUCED In until late hour. when re-
freshments were served In abundance.
The party was dispersed after spending
delightful evening. Those present were
Misses Oakie Minson. Annie Ball. Gertie
BInford, lnnie Trevillian. Matte NC
Ghee, Carrie Sears, Mamie Gottwal. Sa-
rah Nichols. Ella Minson, Willie Hicks,
Lena Hach, Bette Martin. Mamie Ball.
Jennie Stagg, and Inez Burke: Messrs.
Eddie Lindsey. John Cannon, John Lacy.
Buddie Manoley. Henry Alley, Luther
Robinson Andrew McGhee, Frank Gil
more, Lewis Gunlock, Frank Rock, I.
Stagg, W. Rock, b. Johnson. W. Hill.
c. Austin, NJ. Austin, w. Leonard, u.
Perry. Lee Connors. Samuel Cumber. j.
Vaughan, and others.
The Ancient Order of Hibernianss ball
and banquet at Corcoran Hall last
Wednesday night surpassed all other
events OF the kind In number and pleasure
that have Of recent date been held In the
East End.
Mr.. Jesse w. Patterson and Miss Mamie
Sterling were married Tuesday at II A.
NJ by the Rev. DR.. G. w. Vanderslice
at the residence OF the brides mother. on
Church Hill The couple left on the II
o'clock train for Philadelphia and other
northern cities. Mr.. Patterson Is a son
OF Mr.. Philip Patterson. of Henrico.
The appraisers appointed to fix the
values OF property In the line of the pro-
posed extension OF Fifth street, from
Denny to Nicholson street. went over the
ground last Wednesday. The appraisers
are Messrs L. A. Catlin. T. Wiley Davis.
Frank T. Sutton. J. Goddin, and James +.
Grady. The report has yet to be made.
The Ladies' Aid Society Of the Denny
Street Methodist Episcopal church will
give a panorama of "Pilgrims' Progress"
under direction of Professor Charles
Maurice.
The talk Of annexing Manchester has
induced an effort, which will. In II pro-
babl.ity, be made at an early date, to
have the lower portion Of Henrco, which
comprises a part Of Fulton, annexed to
the city. II seems that the desire OF a
number Of county men IL that the city
shall annex that portion Of Henrico
county from the corporate limit to the
Government road. Already this section
of the county is thickly settled by about
1900 people. Few improvements are need
ed.
Messrs. s. p. waddIll, James b.
Vaughan, and w. j. Kerr. Oh Hehrico
Council, Royal Arcanum. No. 733. have
waited on Mrs. Mary c. Eacho. widow OF
Mr.. w. Miles Eacho, and gave
her a draft for 5000 the amount Of Mr..
Eacho's policy In this order.
Mss Carrie Blankenship Is extremely
III at the home of her sister, Mrs. James
Vaughan, on Nicholson street.
Mrs. Phillip O'Neill Is quite Ill at the
home OF her husband. on louisiana street
Mrs. p. r. Throckmorton is Ill at her
home. on Graham street.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-02-16
for ll artIcular purpose the assas.

has for IL articuiar purpose the assas-
slna,ion Of the Sultan.
An Armenian. q member Of the Hint
schak. who was arrested and put TO
death. had a paper on his person which
read as follows:
zone OF the Turkish grand officials is
In our pay. He Will give you proof Of
his Identity and will select ten helpmates.
These latter must follow bis orders I'M
plicitiy. Each conspirator must be ready
to work with poison, the cord.
dagger, or revolver. Dynamite and nitro
glycerIne will be furnished for purposes
OF explosion that might be found neces-
sary"
The statutes also discovered provided
among other things three sorts OF punish
ment for Armenians who refuse to hep
the Hintschak fight the unspeakab.e
Turk First. confiscation OF property
by means OF theft or otherwise; second.
bastinado; third, death.
The condition OF the Armenians IN con-
stantlnople Is described by United states
naval officer. who recently returned 10
New York on leave Of absence. lie han
been attached TO one OF the warships IN
Turkish waters. He sad:
There are gooo and bad Armenians-
there are those who are prosperous ane
those who are not One OF these. wnom
l met quite often, IS Wealthy oainei'
and a really charming gentleman. lie mas
an American wife. and MS chiidreh nave
an English goyerness. He lives In the
summertime in a handsome villa on the
Island Of Prinkipo. one OF the Princess
group. q favorite summer resort close to
constantinope. In the Sea of Marmora.
Here. surrounded by all the luxuries OF
wealth and refinement. and with happy.
cultivated family. he lives. much respected
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-02-16
DIR. JOHN HENRY DEAD,
The Noted HypnOtist Did Not Live
to lie 100 Years Old.

~ nc AOV C0Eb Olus
In another column appears a specia!
telegram from Bristol. Tenn. announcing
the death In that city Friday night OF Dr.
John Henry. the eminent hypnotist, who
spent several weeks last month In Rich
mond, giving lectures on hypnotism and
demonstrating the psychic art. During his
short stay here Or. Henry became quite
well known He was over 70 years OF
age. and several times during his course
OF lectures In this city announced that
by will-power and his knowledge OF
psycho-therapy he could proiong his life
indefinitely. and purposed reaching the
l00-year mark. He certainly appeared to
be In the very best OF health and but
few who heard his assertion doubted
his ability to carry OUT his purpose.
He was a tall handsome man OF strik-
Ing physique, wore a gray beard. and
was apparently as agile as a young
man Of 90
He formed several classes In this city.
and taught q number OF gentlemen tn
hypnotic science. among them being about
fry members OF the General Assembly.
and number OF physicians and other
professional men.
He had some little trouble with his
legislative class. the majarity of them
being skeptical. and at toe last meeting
of The class. about three weeks ago. he
was taken severely TO task BY one OF
the senator's. who openly stated that he
was not able to do what he represented.
DIR. Henry took the whole thing good
naturally. and made an engagement With
his class to meet them on the following
wednesday evening. and further instruct
them. On Wednesday morning Or. Henry
sent ncse 70 the House Of Delegates.
saying be would have to postpone the
meeting u his class Tor some tins. e
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1896-02-16
AIS OLUTEEY PURE

he had been called to Cincinnati by the
serious illness Of his daughter. That was
the last heard Of him until the telegram
announcing his death reached here In
conversation with q Dispatch reporter
during his stay here DR.. Henry said: Il
hold the chairs of Psyche and Mental
Therapeutics and Mental and Nervous
Diseases in the Hygeia Medical College
Of Cincinnati.
II entered the lecture-feld when a
young man. preferring II to the practice
OF medicine. and have since that time
been devotng my energy to the advocacy
and calculation Of principles Of the
science OF psycho-therapy."
DR.. Henry was a prisoner-of-war at
Libby prison. and In the course Of q lec-
ture given before the Governor and a
large audience In the hall OF the House
of Delegates. said that he was treated as
well as could have been expected. and a
great deal better than northern prisoner
deserved.