The news boy., 1896-04-04
MISSOURI AoRtIoULrVRlsrs.

fteitiak On Prevention Of Bot In AppicAS
Grapes and flufse
Bulletin 81 from the Missouri sxTxff
fhent station by J. G. Whitten, hortf
gilittrist, details the result Of numef.
Gus experiments In preventing rot in
apples, grapes, etc. The prSttfcai
points brought but are condemned iasS
the f8lio~ine:
During the past tvs ysare, system.
attic experiment have been crrried orr
at the experiment station, at Columbia;
in spraying for insects and fungous
diseases, III order to determine the gem
eral efficacy Of spraying, tbs most
economical strength of spraying mixa
lures, the number of applications nec-
essary for the various fungous diseases,
the best time to spray, and other un-
settled points.
Apple scab, the worst fungous dis
ease Of the apple in this country, was
very largely controlled in orchards
sprayed; Office before the btds started
In the spring; With copper sdlphate
two .potHd to bd, Eallofls Of watet), and
four times; subsequently, With bofs
deaux mixture: The Bordeaux mixtur8
was applied I'M various strengths from
one pound to SIX pounds Of copper sul'
phate and the same weight OF lime; to
80 gallons of water. The three and
four'potir'd Solutions gave as good re-
suits as the six-pouid stlution the
first season, and the second season
after systematic spraying was be-
gun, the one and two pound solutions
were sufficient to hold the scab almost
entirely in check. In unsprayed
orchards the scab ripcns its spores
early in the season aud these spores
terminate upon the fruit and leaves
eaising second CROP Of the fungous
that appears as clouds or blotches On
the apple in autumn. On sprayed
trees no trace of this second crop Of
ecab coiild be found, while on un-
sprayed apples it was almost universal.
Bitter rot developed to only slight
extent on the station grounds, about
the time the fruit was gathered. Gen.
orally throughout the state it was very
bad. The only case in which we had
an opportunity to test the efficacy of
the bordeaux mixture for this disease
was on some Famcusc trees. These
trees wefe sprayed (as outlined) for
scab. At the time of gathering in
autumn; the following percentages of
fruit, sprayed with two; four and sin
pound solutions, were effected with
bitter rot. Unspraycd trees "a per ceiit
effected, sprayed with two pound solu-
tion Al per cent, four pound solution
81 per cent. and six pound solution .25
per cent. effected. Since this disease
developed so late in the season, no
other experiments were carried on to
check it except to thoroughly spray
two trees just befcre the fruit was
gathered, with ammuniacal copper car.
Donate solution. It Is expected that
this will lessen. In 1896 more eyten-
!. sive experiments for this destructive
disease will be pursued in several or.
chards.
The black rot of the grape was more
readily controlled by the Use of bor-
deauX mixture than were most of the
other fungous diseases.
The plum rot was most successfully
managed by spraying with the Dor.
deauX mixture until the fruit reached
nearly full size and then spraying
weekly, during the ripening period
with the ammoniacal copper carbonate
solution. The reason for using the lat
ter solution at that time was because
it left no sediment en- the fruit at the
time of gathering, as did the bordeauS
mixture.
We sometimes hear of unsuccessful
results from spraying, but these ex
periments show, while all diseases car
not be Immediately and totally eradi
Gated, that continued spraying vii
cause the fungous diseases mentioned
to grow less and less each year. Gns
intelligent fruit grower sent word t.
the station that he had carefully
sprayed according to directions, but
there was more scab on hi
sprayed than on his unsrraycd trees
A careful examination of apple.
from his orchard revealed the fact thai
they were badly burned probably BY
impure chemicals or too strong a mix
turel, but there was no trace of fung
Gus disease in his fruit. Very common
mistakes are the use of impure chem
iStti", diioN ih5 eiiS AhS iS''tAShIo w oSIGi'
SO the first trees get none and the las
trees too much of the chemicals, i'm
proper mixing of the solutions, using
the wrong solution, and failing t,
spray at just the proper time.
The cost of these spraying mixture
and spray stumps is very small, ant
the labor involved is very slight
There is no single investment that vii
pay such profits on the general farm
as systematic spraying.
Full particulars as to how to max
up the different solutions, the time an
best methods of applying them, will b
found in Bulletin 81 of this station
which may be had, free of charge. b.
addressing the director of the expert
| ment station, Columbia, Mo.
| RESOLUTION OF SYMPATHY