The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-08-01

fight. Yet very little has been really
accomplished. although more has been
done during the last five years to raise
the rational hopes for true mechanical
flight than during the fifty years that
preceded.
Food for the family Is now procurable
in endless variety. independent OF the
season of the year. The enormous de-
velopment Of the canned goods industry,
of cold storage. and Of cheap transpor-
tation makes the salmon Of oregon, the
delicate fruits Of California. and the
vegetables Of the west familiar to the
residents Of the most distant cities. Tne
winter kitchen can have every summer
vegetable and the feats of the Romans
in supplying the tables Of its emperors
are daily surpassed, only it Is now done
for the benefit of the poor. Even IN the
treatment of food, notably Of the cere-
ais, there Is great Advancement, ana
the roller mill turns out flour OF greatly
improved quality and with larger yield
from the grain than was done oy the
old grist mills.
In the matter Of the transportation OF
water the most impressive achieve
order that at the turning of Kitchen
faucet water may flow into the kettle
OF the cook. The contrast between OLD
and new methods is nowhere more fore
IDLY presented than in the two Corton
aQueducts-one Of the year 1912. follow
ing approximately a contour line from
the Croton Lake to the Central Park,
New York, its path being traceable
from the surface over nearly all It's
extent-the new one of 1890 driven deep
underground wherever possible. as
matter of preference, and built without
surface disturbance except at the shafts
and in one or two difficult places. To
supply cities with water through such
aqueducts, great dams are built or nat
ural lakes are utilized. The fact that
the lake or dam is to be fifty or more
miles distant plays no part.
OTHER BRANCHES OF INDUSTRY.
Perhaps the manufacture Of shoes
supplies as good an illustration as any
Of the substitution of factory for hard
work in supplying domestic wants. The
American shoe factory with its work
shops filled with machinery and with
trained operatives. each practiced In
performing one single operation, using
Ingenious sewing machines, producing
welt shoes or shoes without welt, sends
it's products to all parts Of the world,
and the hand made shoe Is used less
and less.
Foremost among the developments Of
the last half century is the India rub
l. ;,,J hn nP ho N,11.
csniZation of India rubber at once
brought into the realm Of practical
uses a unique material, India rubber.
At first It had been unsatisfactory, sub
;ect t. change Of qualities and uncer-
tain in every way and affected by varia-
tions IN temperature. But Goodyear's
great invention Of vulcanization pro-
duced new and wonderful material,
which has affected every department
of modern life, and which, as not the
least of its achievements. has created
the modern pneumatic bicycle. 1t Is
hard to believe that this invention only
goes back a little over fifty years.
In the march Of progress the farmer
has participated. Reaping. moving,
raking, harvesting. plowing and culti-
NdtlIS, loi III Out ai AhSohpASNS SSehtS-
ment of work now executed for him
by machinery. Steam has long been
used to do his work-now electricity Is
stepping in to his assistance, and We
find an electric plow under trial. Pat
ern churns, centrifugal, and deep pan
cream separators make his dairy work
easy. and it is further simplified by
the creamery to which he delivers his
milk for butter and cheese making by
machinery. Today America eAports
cheese in enormous quantities, and
many q tourist has eaten in foreign
lands. under foreign titles, cheese from
cheese factories of the Empire State.
AN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION.
The stock farmer who raises cattle
for market to supply meat is not neg-
lected. His market has expanded EN-
ormously, until the roast beef Of old
England" has to be supplied by coun-
tries thousands of miles away from
London. Cattle ships, which in all their
appointments represent the finest ma
rine engineering, receive them and
they are dispatched across the ocean
with as little concern or uncertainty as
II it were a ferry which was to be
crossed. The docks on the Thames re-
cei> e steamer load after steamer load
| Of cattle for the supply of the great
metropolis and of the country at large
| 1t really seems as If, without modern
| improvements, the world would have
to &c unfed. 1t would be fairer to say
that 1t Is the concentration of popu-
lation in such centers as London and
New York which has made it necessary
to provide food supply by such methods.
| Under the conditions Of former days,
in society more in accord with Mr..
Kuskin's ideas, we might find the cattle
| ranges dotted with little villages, and
London as yet not unified and consoli-
dated, its constituent settlements still
having independent existence. At pres
ent It Is the other way, and there are
in the west. deserted cities whose in.
fabitants were unable to resist the
tendencies of the day. The cattle trade
and food supply systems indicate the
tendency of the world toward life in
great centers of population. The de-
serted farms of New England, like the
deserted cities of the west, tell the
same story.
There is often companionship in dis
ease and its remedy. Cities grow large,
| and dwellers in the suburbs identify
themselves with the metropolis. For
their benefit special rapid transit meth
DDS are developed. 1t is a very few
years since the horse car was welcomed
, by the American city as an improve
ment on the old rattling omnibus. The
writer recollects the day when there
were many omnibus lines in New York,
and when the horse railroads of Phila-
delphia were an object Of pride and
rejoicing. Now all is changed. The
horse railroad is archaic, and with q
l favv avrontfonc IN Tho &x-ox, nf no,,,