davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20
{ 1zg
.I.lIIZgZzZIzZZZZzzzzZZZzllI.ZI
sEorroN or MAcApAM noAp.

over il is laid broken stone in such n
manner that water will easily find its
way down to the tile.
Sometimes, instead OF tiling, bundles
of rods or straight limbs OF trees,
bound together fagot fashion, are laid
in the bottom of the drains instead of
tiles. This is a cheaper construction,
but is not regarded so good as the
U-shaped tiling.
When the roadway has been graded
and rolled and the drains have been
built the first layer of broken stone is
put on the rolled surface of the earth
foundation. This layer is about six
inches deep, and consists of broken
stone, no piece too large to pass
through ring of two and one-half
inches inside diameter.
When this layer is evenly spread
over the foundation the roller is again
brought into use, and the stone layer
is rolled until it is firm and compact
The stone is sprinkled with water be-
fore the roller is passed over it, and
sometimes clean, sharp sand is sprin-
kled over the stone.
The second layer. thick enough to
bring the stone bed up to ten inches,
is next spread on and rolled, and then
top layer of clean gravel or stone
clippings is put on and rolled. Care
is taken that the gravel shall not be
waterworn, with smooth, round cor
ners, for this is injurious to the road
way.
The Telford road differs materially
from the macadam, for it has a foun-
dation of stones laid down singly, with
the broad side down, and the spaces
between the stones filled with smaller.
rough, wedge-shaped stones driven in
solid.
Orig nally the Telford foundation
was "convexed" by laying the largest
stones to form the crown in the center
of the roadway and then grading down
to the cutters with smaller stones, but
this practice is no longer followed, for
the earth is graded to form the crown
as 1t is done in macadam road.
The earth foundation is we'll rolled
and then the sub-pavement Is laid on
with the long side of the stone set
transversely. Between these ston es
stone chips are packed firmly and then
broken stone is placed over the sub
pavement in two layers, the first layer
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

being rolled and packed before the
second is laid on.
This layer of broken stone forms
the intermediate course, for the sur.
face is made of stone broken in smaller
pieces and packed under light roller.
Sand is swept over the surface and an
other rolling with a heavier roller
completes the pavement. The sand is
moistened and the rolling is continued
until the sand can no longer be driven
in between the broken stone. Drains
are laid, as they are for macadam
roads, before the sub.pavement is
built.
A simple experiment, which can be
made with any wheel, will show why
smooth, hard-surfaced road makes
hauling easy for horse. On such a
road the roadway is tangent to the
circumference of the wheel. The wheel
stands on the immediate point of con.
tact, aud there is no obstacle over
which the wheel must be lifted. On
sandy or loose, soft earth road the
wheel sinks into the roadway. To
draw the wheel forward the earth be-
fore its track must be displaced or
passed over, SO that horse, in addi.
tion to the force it must exert to draw
the load, must use extra force to over.
come the obstacle in the path of the
wheel.
In MecSlenburg County, North
Carolina, the systematic improvement
of roads has made progress for nearly
fifteen years. The general plan
adopted was to start at the city limits
of the county seat and to grade and
macadam all public roads from this
point out toward the township and
county limits. These roads have Q
width of forty feet for the first two
miles from the city limits and beyond
this point width OF thiriy-six feet.
The average cost of these roads. in
cluding the matchmaking and grad
ing, is about $1,000 q mile. The eff.
cheney of the roads is shown by the il
lustration, copied from photograph.
The wagon loaded with twelve bales
of cotton weighs 5000 pounds, and
each of the other three wagons il
loaded with a cord of wood.
Much of the road building in this
county is done by ccnviets, The av.
ersge number OF oouvioss employed ID
about eighty, and the average cost oi
this labor per convict, including food,
clothing, medical attention and guards,
is from twenty to twenty-five cents {
dG2
he ssts Of taxaiiap IN " aa1a,y
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

in centre. The standing collar has a
plated frill standing out from its up.
per edge that separates in points at
front and back. Three bands Of batiste
embroidery decorate the fronts, the
centre one blousing slightly at the
waist. The bishop sleeves are fash.
ionably full, and are shirred top and
bottom over fitted Innings of taffeta.
Straight cuffs of the bstiste embroid-
cry complete the wrists. Waists in
this style are stylishly developed from
any of the numerous weaves of fancy
silk now in vogue. with ribbon, lace,
insertion, jet or spangled passemen-
terie for decoration. Rich combina.
tions are possible by the mode.
The quantity of material ~ inches
wide required to make this basque for
lady having . 86.ineh bust measure
b8a yaydA
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

long and thought he was some pump.
kins.' Nevertheless, he was fraud, a
snare and delusion. He strutted about
with the self complacent air of pea
cock, Notwithstanding that he must
have been aware of the fact that his
tail was composed of plumes begged,
borrowed or stolen from the caudal ap.
pendages of other roosters. That tail
certainly WAS marvel of ingenuity.
The feathers were SO cleverly joined
one to another as to defy detection,
except on the minutest of scrutiny.
Yet the owner OF the bird could take
off and put on that wonderful tail
whenever it pleased him to do SO. -
philadelphia Press.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

and National politics. What bicycle
riders are doing at present was done
by the horseless vehicle men of Eng
land in 1881, when their agitation re.
suited in the appointment of a COM
mittee of the House of Commons "to
inquired into and to report upon the
proportion OF tolls which ought to be
imposed upon coaches and other ve-
hicles propelled by steam or gas upon
turnpike roads"
1t was just about this time that
James Macadam, Road Surveyor. and
Thomas Telford, President OF the In
stitution of Civil Engineers, with their
adherents, were engaged in contro.
versary regarding the relative merits
of "Macadam" and "Telford" roads.
Up to that time England's best roads
were the remains of the old Roman
roads, but Macadam and Telford be-
gan an era of road building, each af-
ter his own kind, which brought Eng
lish roads to a high state OF develop
ment and made those two engineers
famous as the origlnators of the two
systems which to-day bear their names.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20
FARMERS ROADS,"
A MATTER OF IMPORTANCE re
1ILLERS OF The SOIL.
United states Department of Agri-
culture Takes IL Up-Macadam
and Telford Systems-Model
North Carolina Roads.
"YHE United States Department


"HE United States Department
of Agriculture has taken up
the matter of FARMERS
roads," AYERS the Chicago
Record, and Roy Stone, an engineer
of the department, believes that farm
ers can build good roads without i'm
poverishing themselves. On this sub
lect Engineer Stone says:
"In the first place the road that will
best suit the needs of the farmer must
not be too costly; in the second place
il must be of the very best kind, for
the farmer should be able to do his
heavy hauling over il when his fields
are too wet to work and his teams are
free. The road that would seem to
fill the farmers need, all things con-
sidered, is n solid, wen-bedded stone
road, so narrow as to be only a single
track, but having an earth track along
side.
"a fine, dry, smooth dirt track is
the perfection of roads; it is easy on
the horses feet and legs, easy on the
vehicle and free from noise and jar.
1t holds snow better than gravel or
stone and requires less snow to make
sleighing, and where such road has
a stone road alongside to take the
travel in wet weather it will suffer
hardly any appreciable wear.
'The stone road, on the other hand,
wears by the grinding of the wheels
and the chipping OF the horses calks
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20
NEW WAYS OF pnrssrsa TIE nAtn.

With return to the fashions of our
grandmnmmas there is also return to
the elaborate mode OF dressing the
hair. The plain "knot" that anyone
could do has given place to an elabor-
ate structure of curls and waves aud
frizzes and flowers and jewels that
only an artist can accomplish, and tho
reign of the hair dresser will soon be.
gin in the land.
Speaking OF the new coiffures, n
noted French hair dresser SAYS that for
an evening toilet waving the hair 10
only accessory; for morning IL is in.
dispensable. For day wear the knot
is raised higher on the head than last
year, while for evening wear IL is
raised quite up on the top of the head.
In the pretty designs for daytime
coiflure given above the hair is simply
waved all over the head and drawn
back so that it forms bands at the
sides. AT the back IL is drawn loosely
into knot well up on the head, where
IL is sec ured by handsome tortoise
she'll comb.
For evening wear all sorts of hand.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20
A BECOMING WAIST.

The stylish waist depicted in the
second lar ge illustration is one of the
seasons novelties, its soft fullness and
handsome decoration making it un-
usually attractive and becoming. Ecru
linen batiste is the material repre-
sented, made up over green taffeta
Innings and decorated with bands Of
batiste embroidery and green satin
ribbon. The full fronts and back are
Joined in shoulder seams, and gath
cred in several rows of shirring around
the neck and at the lower edges in cen.
tire. A full plated basque OF the
trimming is sewed to the lower edges
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

The macadam road has the earth
graded and rollen for its foundation.
The principles laid down by Macadam
were as follows: 1t is the natural soil
which really supports the weight OF trav-
el; while it is preserved in dry state
1t will carry any weight without sink
ing. This native soil must previously
be made quite dry and covering as
much impenetreble to lain as possible
must then be placed over it to pre-
serve 1t in that dry state. That the
thickness OF road should only be reg
ulated BY the quantity OF material
necessary to form such impervious
covering and never by any reference
TO it, own power of carrying weight.
These principles. modified in some
xespects, govern the making OF mac
adam roadway to-day. The natural
earth foundation il graded 30 that the
curve Of the foundation will be par.
aIlol - the curve Of the surface OF the
roadway whom completed. The earth
lopndadon y sollsd and ssrolled IN
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

This house would cost about S29s5
not including tile heating apparatus,
range and mantels-built within 100
miles of New York City, although in
many sections of the country the cost
should be much less. where labor or
materials are cheaper.
Radiators should be placed as near
the windows as possible, and in all
rooms but the kitchen, including the
bathroom and lower hall. A fair es.
innate for the apparatus complete,
set, would be about $500.
Copyrighted 1867
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

is eighteen cents on 800 worth OF
property. In addition each township
levies tax varying from seven to If
teen cents on each 800 worth of
property. The law requires all able
bodied citizens along the public roads
to labor four days of each year on the
public roads or to pay fifty cents a
day in lieu thereof.
This class of labor is used indepen.
dent of the convict labor, principally
in the work of grading or in the gen.
eral repairs Of those roads or portions
of them upon which the convict force
is not engaged.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20
WOMAN'S WEAR.
STYLISH COMBINATIONS IN JAG
KETS AND WAISTS.
Handsome Outing jacket of Light
Gray CIoth-A Becoming Waist
of Linen Bntiste--New Ways
of Wearing the Hair.

HHE stylish combination por.
I, trayed in the first double-col-
Il umn engraving illustrates one
of the newest fancies of the
season. The open jacket is made of
light gray cloth, the lapels and collar
being faced with fine suiting in "shep-
herds plaid" (black and white check
that matches the skirt with which IL is
worn. Smoked pearl buttons are used
for decoration. The fronts are deeply
faced and reversed to form long lapels
that meet the rolling collar in notches.
They are usually worn open, but can
be closed at the bust il 80 desired.
The back fits smoothly, side, back and
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20
STEAM.HEATING.

Recent Advance In This system OF
Warming Residences.
With its many early imperfections
steam heating was slow in coming into
favor, and there are to-day many
worthy persons who hold rooted
aversion TO it, based upon unhappy
experience. II is not difficult to under
stand the reason for this when one
visits n building equipped with n steam.
heating apparnus of n score or more
years ago. The temperature is scarce
ly even bearable, for with the steam
turned on the rooms become torrid !;
If il is turned of they become frigid,
and there seems to be no happy me-
dium. Added to this very vital objec-
ton, when the steam is first admitted
to the radiators, one might rs we'll live
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20
STYLISH OUTING JACKET.

some accessories, jewels, flowers.
feathers, rosettes are worn, mixed with
tufts of hair. To these are added
aigrettes worn slightly at one side.
The hair is very much pulled around
the head and the waving gives 1t
pretty and airy effect. A stylish and
new arrangement of the hair Tor an
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20
Great Botanic (iarden.

The botanic gardens OF the Jardin
des Plantes, Paris, includes about
seventy acres. The plants are all
labeled with red labels, medicinal |;
green for alimentary; yellow, for or.
nan,entai purposes blue, for art. and
black, for poisonous plants. Current
Literature.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

elaborate dinner or theatre party is
pictured here. 1t is composed IN front
of bands, which form waved festoons
over the ears. Behind are rosettes Of
pink velvet, one upon another, form
ing an aigrette. Five curls fall over
the shoulder at the back.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20
The Largest Dam.

The largest damned body of water
in the world will be secured by the
building OF dam at Cloquet, MINI,
on the st. Louis River, 900 foet long
and eighty feet high, by which back
water will be extended sixty miles,
Current Literature.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

der a heavy roller until the earth is
firm, compact and even.
On both sides of the roadway exca.
vations are made for the drains. In
the bottom of the ditch thus made
tiling is laid, covered with hay, straw
or some such filtering material, and
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20
A FEATHERED CURIOSITY.

IL Is "A Rooster With n Sixteen Feet
Long Tall.
The japanese are fun-Ioving peo-
pie and they are rs full of tricks OF
various kinds as an American school
boy. A writer who recently returned
from Japan tells of a queer rooster he
saw on the Mikado's Island. "The
only thing in the shape OF a live, ply
steal freak that ever came under my
observation was a common, everyday
sort of barndoor rooster" he says.
"That rooster had tail sixteen feet
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

WHITE sTREwN WITH LrLACs.
The new ribbons are wonderful in
coloring and diversity of patterns. On
white and bright colored grounds
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

there are chine designs, and over these
are narrow black and white stripes or
dots. One design of purple lilacs
strewn all over white ground, with
one narrow white satin stripe down
cit. .er side nearly two inches from the
edge, is particularly pretty, but the
variety is beyond description.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

dresser, connects kitchen and dining.
room. Portable range and sink in
kitchen. Bathroom in second story,
with full plumbing. Attic unfinished,
except for storage purposes.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1896-05-20

EVENING BONNET OF sPANaLED NET.
The home milliner has an excellent
opportunity to show her originality in
making up q variety Of bonnets for
evening wear. Spangled net is one of
the newest and most popular materials
to be employed in the makeup of
these necessary little bits OF feminine
fnery. Rhinestone buckles and
bunohes of half.blown pink roses com.
plete this simple but effective little
evening headdrsas
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1896-09-17
-4-
NEW RO1E.

Mr.. Alfred Sweat left Saturday morn
ing to attend school in Centralia.
Misses Lolita and Maud Burroughs
have gone to attend school in Grand
Rapids.
Mrs. Mary J. Stewart, of Red Lake
Falls, is visiting friends and relatives in
this place.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Sweat made a
business trip to the twin cities on Sat
urday last.
Mr.. W. A. HARRISON made business
trip to Nekoosa on Friday last
Mr.. Fred Beske and daughter Lena
were in Grand Rapids on Saturday.
Mr.. Arne Anderson visited his sister
Mrs. Sparby, at ArkdaIe, on Sunday.
Mrs. Althouse is reported some bet
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1896-09-17
80 yz1ses-.-----
SPRING CREEK.

Mr.. E. Williamson had the mis-.
fortune to break his leg while hand.
ling four horse team on spading har.
row. Dr.. Parham, of Necedah, was
called.
Mr.. Charley Schneider, of Oshkosh,
is visiting his brother c.. Schneider.
Mr.. Edgar Ely is home from Chicago
where he has been at work driving an
express wagon. He was accompanied
by his cousin Raymond Ely who came
for a short visit.
Mr.. and Mrs. W. Walker Jr. went tc
Port Edwards on a visit to r. NJ
Beeston.
Eddie Williamson, from the NORTH
part Of the state, is home visiting his
father.
Mrs. H. D. Ely visited relatives al
COIOma and Hancock
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1896-09-17
COMMITTED To OSHKOSH.

Messrs. John Lind and James Grover
of Centralia were adjudged mentally
unbalanced on Tuesday of this week
and yesterday were taken to the asylum
at Oshkosh by Sheriff Lindahl. Medical
examination was held in the parlors of
the Sheriff s residence Tuesday after
noon by Doctors HOugen and Ridgman
at instance of County Judge Pors, and
the physicians entered a report of
delusional insanity in. case of John
Lind, weak minded in case Of jim
Grover.
Mr.. John Lind has been known to be
slightly deranged in mental powers for
few years back. At no time, until
recently, however, did his weakness
assume serious form or prevent him
from continuing in the daily walks of
life. About nine weeks ago he was
kicked by horse and his wrist frac-
tured. The injury was attended by a
| bandages and went to work earlier than
| the doctor had gwen orders permitting
| it. In consequence the unhealed wrist
was broken. 1t was poorly set and
later on had to be broken over again
and reset; in fact matters went from
bad to worse with Lind, and the idea of
| lost time because he couldn't work
worried his weak mind finally leading
to delusional insanity.
Sunday morning at $50, while Mrs.
| Lind went to the neighbor's for a pail
of water, her husband disappeared
from home. Alarm was given and he
was tracked to the nine acre island
above the railroad bridge Bandages
which he had taken from bis arm were
found hanging in a tree. At another
spot in the brush near rivers edge
were the splints and remaining cloths
used in binding the wound. This led
to the belief that he had sought a
watery grave, but it proved only the
cunning trick Of crazy man. Marshal
Gibson, I. J. Cooper, and eight or ten
others made long and careful search
| for Lind without results. Sunday night
at Z o'clock the missing man suddenly
walked into his home, having wandered
around the island and up river ID the
drizzling rain all day. He talked ramb-
| lingly, said he had ten hours more to
searching in the woods and hid. Lind
SAID he had measured ground, was
digging his grave with his fingers and
had come home after a spade. The
| insane man was taken into custody,
judicial inquiry made as to mental
condition, and commitment ordered.
Evidence in examination of James
| Grover showed him to be a sort of
cleptomaniac. His mind has been
failing for some time and as he
was without means Of support it was
thought best to care for him. At close
of trial Grover said to the Judge: Il
don't think am crazy, but the doctors
say | am, and I suppose they know
right to 60 down there, guess | will go. E"
And Mr.. Grover went.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1896-09-17
AT BiRON SCHOOL HOUSE

School District No. l, town of Grand
Rapids, will erect flagstaff and set up
bell in its proper place at the new
school house, Biron, Sunday next at
2:30 o'clock in the afternoon. Dedica-
ton exercises will be held at which
time Mr.. j. A. Gaynor will make an
address on the subject of education. a
special invitation is extended by the
School District to all who care to be
present at the little building of which
they are justly proud on the above day
and hour. If You have not yet visited
Biron and noted the many substantial
Improvements in and about the old mill
settlement, this is Il nice time 10 do so.
If YOU have been there before, 90 again.
This district has erected a very neat
and convenient school building and
they are anxious that many should
show an interest in the country school
by an endorsement with their attend
anCe Sunday next,
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1896-09-17

In a recent letter to the manufacture
ers Mr.. W. F. Benjamin, editor of the
Spectator, Rushford, n. Y, says: "It
may be pleasure to you to know the
high esteem in which Chamberlain s
medicines are held by the people of
your own state, where they must be
best known. An aunt of mine, who
resides at Dexter, Iowa, was about to
visit me few years since, and before
leaving home wrote me, asking if they
were sold here, stating if they were not
she would bring quantity with her, as
she did not like to be without them. "
Tie medicines referred to are Cham
beflain's Cough Remedy, famous for its
cures of colds and Group; Chamber
lain's Pain Balm for rheumatism, lame
back, pains in the side and chest, and
Chamberlain's Collie, Cholera and Diar-
rhma Remedy for bowel complaints
These medicines have been in constant
use in Iowa for almost a quarter of a
century. The people have learned that
they are articles of merit, and I'M
equaled by any other They are for
sale here by F. L. Steib & Co. Sept.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1896-09-17
BEARSS MARSH.

Mr.: D. R. Burr, of Berlin, has been
spending the past week on his marsh
here.
Mr.. Chas. I. Farrar, of st. Louis, who
has been visiting at the home of Mr..
VIM. H. Fitch returned home Saturday.
His sons, Masters Benedict and Thurs
ton accompanied him.
Geo. Scott came down from Port
Edwards Sunday.
School will open in the Bearss Marsh
district Of Port Edwards Monday. Miss
Harriet Whittlesey will have charge as
teacher.
Rains during the past few days have
raised the water on the marshes and
benefited the cranberry vines greatly.
Mr.. L. S. Cohn, of Wausau, was here
for few days last week on business.
Mrs. Chris Nelson is visiting relatives
at Valley Junction.