davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

French conflict with China Of lSSi-S5,
the French minister inserted in the treaty
a remuneration of all claims for indemnity.
in order thereby ito pay a mark of regard
to the patriotic wisdom Of his eXcellency
Ii Hung Chang.
His Work as ViCeroy.
As Viccroy of Chilli much of his time
was Occupied in the organization Of the
ar,ny the building of a navy and the for
~t;ication of the approaches to the capital,
a work in which he was greatly ham
pered by the conservatism of the central
government. In addition tn periodical re-
volts, China is often afflicted with Gisas-
trors floods and terrible famines, and
with many of these the Viceroy had much
to Go. In 1S77-7S Chilli and other neigh
boring provinces We're visited by OF of
the most fearful famines in their history,
in which it is estimated that about 9,OOO,-
900 persons persisted. The VicerOy Lii
was the most pro :1inent agent in staying
the ravages of this fatal scourge, and his
energy, administrative capacity and large
hearted charity were conspicuously dis
played in the measures for relief.
While Ii Hung Chang is the greatest
statesman China has ever produced, and
ranks among the topmcst men of the age.
he is also conspicuous for two widely
diverse things-grcat wealth and great
happiness. He is one of the ten richest
men on the globe. and goes through the
Vorld laughing. Gen. Grant said he was
the happiest man he had ever known.
THIS wealth il estimated at aear i've
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

and of the myriads Of people in whose
behalf it was rendered, in his Intellectual
attainments, his unique characteristics
and in his commanding personality, LII
Hung Chang stands shoulders above any
other citizen in the Celestial empire. He
Is, says Hon. John w. Foster, the re-
nowned American diplomat and who was
the adviser ''of Ii Hung Chang In the
peace negotiations with Japan, the most
distinguished visitor that the great con-
tinent of Asia has sent to Europe or
America during this generation.
He is a striking illustration of the
workings of the social and political sys-
tenn of the Chinese empire. Although it
is the oldest monarchy on earth it may
be said to possess no hereditary nobility.
1t is the only land which bases its aris-
tocracy on letters, and in this respect is
a near approach to a pure democracy.
The highest posts in the empire, except
the few places held by the princes of the
imperial blood, are open to the lowest
subject, and the road to them is through
the three grades of the competitive scho-
lastic examinations held in the district,
the province and at Picking, the imperial
capital.
Ii Hung Chang, whose father was in
no wise distinguished, passed in all the
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

themselves would be a large task, since
there are no two designs Xix 'Ihe
equestrian statues of Hancock, Meade
and Reynolds are quite as Deauthui
and artistic as anything OF the klno III
Washington, while some Of the smaller
like a few that might De
found in Mount Auburn or Forest HILLS,
are Il little short Of being artlstlc.
was much amused by the comments VI
a party of Ohio men, returning 1roh
Il druggists convention somewhere
who were riding over the field. When
they reached one monument at the pase
of which rests a bronze dog, represent
ing a faithful animal that followed the
regiment throughout the struggle. the
guide told the story of the dogs fidelity,
with ponderous seriousness. just as
the party drove on a dog appeared run
ming about, the exact counterpart IN
size, color and looks Of the bronze me-
mortal. The decorum OF the drusslsts
disappeared, and they u 10 inc
man standing beside the newly dlscoV-
cred canine: Put him back; he oelongs
on the monument; he's just got oo"n'
we saw him there"
One Of the most artistic enoea'o.S
| of those having the field IN charge -
| the attempt to keep things just as they
were on the day Of battle. Reynolds
Grove. where the gallant soldier 1eh'
IS kept of the same size, and with tho
same kind Of trees, and new ones arc
constantly planted, and the oiocr
growth thinned out, so that for all Tune
REYNOLDS Grove may look as 1t DID Cd
the day that made for Gettysouis d
spot on the map Of the worlo. Olu
houses and barns that formed q part VI
the play are kept In place. n no new
ones which would change the outlook
are allowed to go up. This, OF course
Is done through wholesale purchase
Of land on the part Of the Government
and each Congress has before II a Dill
to buy still more territory. Inc hlgn-
ways about Gettysburg were taken out
of the control Of the town and given
to the United States Government ny
special act Of the Legislature OF rem
sylvania, but to this move the provln-
cial inhabitants objected, even thousn
it saved them thousands OF dollars.
The guides of Gettysburg are rather
ponderous in their style n dlctlon
They dole out the accumulated 1olk lort
Of thirty years concerning the battle
although the more enterprising one'
keep abreast of the times and quote
freely from Hay and Nickleby," which
confusion Of names amused the autho'
of the Lincoln biography when l tolf
him he was passing in Gettysburg 10
the original Nicholas by that name
Boston Transcript.
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

hundred millions Of dollars, and it was
acquired by him in a typical way. Be-
fore Ii Hung Chang rose to power, China
possessed neither railroads. telegraph, tel
ephones nor hospitals. Now it has all
four, mostly owned by Lii. Through the
powerful influence of Prince kung, he
was enabled to establish factories and
reap the benefit Of them. while giving
occupation to thousands of his country
men. BY the introduction Of silk-looms
he has made Chinese silk, once so rare
and costly, cheap: and he has engaged
artists who can work by stencil as we'll
as by brush, so that Chinese decoration
has been reduced to a pittance. In one
of Las factories c~andlesticks are made
at q cost Of 10 cents each, and they are
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

sold to importers at 50 apiece. His latest
mercantile venture is the manufacture OF
bicycles. They are made on land granted
Ii by the Chinese Government, which is
untaxed property, and he pays no rental
for the buildings, which were built by
granted workmen at no expense to him
self. The material in the bicycles costs
only a trife. and the labor even less, for
a Chinese workman will cheerfully work
for a turnip a day and a dinner of rice.
Th.se machines, it is said. can be sold in
the United States for $13 apiece. and they
are excellent specimens of workmanship.
Ii Hung Chang is a monopolist upon a
gigantic scale. Other Cinnamon may
have been shrewd enough to realize the
wisdom of introducing and conducting
such tremendous enterprises, but they did
not have the influence with the court at
Pekin which is 80 necessary to the sue
cessful introduction and operation Of any
innovation in China. Ii Hung Chang
made himself indispensable to the Empe-
ror and the late Empress-Dowager-the
latter, in fact, being the real ruler Of the
empire-as the first step in the consum-
nation of his scheme, and his success is
shown by the size of his bank account.
But Ii Hung Chang's career has not
been an unbroken record Of success. He
has had formidable political enemies and
three times, owing to their influence, he
was degraded by having his yellow jacket
taken from him. Lii Hung Chang's vel
low jacket means more to a Chinamar
than it does to an American. To a China
man it means that Chang is about the
mos. powerful subject in ali the empire
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

grades and in the final contest at Picking
came out with distinguished honors
among 10000 competitors. He therefore
has reason to take pride in his accom-
plishments as a scholar, though judged
by the Western standard of education
Chinese scholars would hold a very low
grade. They have no conception of
learning as understood in the West-of
mathematics, chemistry, geology, or
kindred sciences, and Of universal his
tory. Indeed, they have a very imperfect
knowledge of geography. Their curricu-
lum Of study embraces the Chinese clas-
sizes and philosophy "a voluminous COM
pilation. especially holding in eminence
the teachings of Confucius). the theory
Of government, and Chinese poetry and
history. 1t is the standard fixed 1000
years ago, and has undergone little change
in the succeeding centuries. One of our
diplomatic representatives tells of a con
versation had with one of the most dis
tinguishcd scholars and highest officers
in the empire, in which they %canvassed
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

their respective systems of education; n
he reports that his Chinese friend had
never heard of Homer, Virgil. or Shaks-
pearc; knew something of Alexander hav-
ing crossed the Indus, had a vague knowl-
edge of Caesar and Napoleon, but none
whatever of Hannibal, Peter the Great.
Wellington, or other modern soldiers; and
he was ignorant of astronomy, mathemat-
les, or the modern sciences. When the
American minister expressed surprise at
these defects in Chinese education, the
mandarin replied: THAT is your ~civiliza-
ton, and you learn it; we have ours, and
we learn it. For centuries we have gone
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31
Ingenious Egotism.

An officer in the late civil war was
given command Of some raw recruits.
After some preparatory drill he march
ed them for the first time down several
blocks Of the city in which they were
stationed. Suddenly from the ranks
rang out a loud "Halt!' In obedience
to the command the men wavered, and
came to a full stop.
who gave that order?" Numbered
the enraged officer.
Potts, sir! Potts." a dozen voices
called.
Every eye was turned on the offend
ing Potts. ...y
What did you mean, sir, by giving
that order?' demanded the captain.
well, sir" said Private Potts, 1--WE,
been trying for two blocks to get this
company to keep step with me, and
they wouldn't do it. SO l stopped them
to begin all Eel again."
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31
GETTYSBURG in 1896,

The town Of Gettysburg is given over
to the battlefield. That is almost the
only business and furnishes substan-
TALLY the only occupation of the great
or part Of its people. The $500 inhab-
itants Of the large shire town are most
ly hotel keepers, photographers, guides
and carriage drivers. The founders Of
the town could hardly have realized
what sort Of industry would eventually
engross the attention Of It's people.
They are very ~good-natured about H..
and evidently live from One years end
to the other saturated in the atmos-
phere Of the battle.
The artistic merits Of the collection
of monuments on the field Of Gettys-
burg is matter OF much controversy.
Sometimes Gettysburg has been refer
red TO as our national museum of mon-
~strosit;es, or chamber of horrors. The
idea Of putting cemetery monuments
all over a town, for a space Of six miles
long by W miles broad, is to many
not a tasteful idea. Others declare that
this city of memories is wonderfully
impressive, and could not in its line be
excelled. To criticise the monuments
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

Chang has many yellow jackets. The
one he wore when presented TO President
Cleveland was made of gorgeous yellow
shiny plush. 1t looked like a fabric made
Of spun gold. 1t is cut in one piece and
is the perfection os textile ort and gar
ment cutting. TIE last tine Tire Jacket
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

S~he-These reporters are so careless:
This paper says l have been "for years
one OF the handsomest women In sOci-
ETY." He-Wcli my dear. what is the
objection 10 that? She-Why, l never
said Anything about for years."-Puck.
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31
Mcclellan and Lee.

Offences of c certain kind may be so
handsomely atoned for as to leave the
offended almost glad to have been the
victim Of them. A good example of
this is found il a story reported by the
Baltimore Sun a. related by General
Mcclellan.
at was near the City of Mexico dur
Ing the Mexican War;" said General
Mcclellan, that I first met my future
great opposing commander. l was a
lieutenant Of engineers, and Lei was a
major of engineers, n a favOrite on
the staff Of General Winfield Scott. l
was walking alone across a field one
day, when l saw General Scott and his
staff approaching on horseback. AS
the party drew near, Major Lee refined
I'D his horse, and addressing me in an
angry tone, said:
Lieutenant, don't you know you are
disobeying orders? What is your
name?'
Il told him my name was Mcclellan,
and thai l did not know l was disobey>
ing orders.
".All officers have been told to re-
main in their quarters and await or.
ders! he exclaimed. .
Il replied that no such order had
reached me, and he then peremptorily
ordered me back to my quarters, and
fastened away to join General Scott
and the rest of the staff, who had not
stopped.
II returned across the field to my;
quarters, feeling much injured. for r.
had not knowingly committed any,
breach of discipline. I complained to.
my fellow officers Of Major Lees treat!
ment Of me. Scarcely had I finished
my story when I was told that there,
was an officer outside who wished to
see me, and l was greatly surprised TO
find Major Lee seated there upon his
horse. He saluted, and / returned the
salute.
Lieutenant Mcclellan said he, Il
fear hat in our meeting just now 1 was
d~iscourteous in tone or manner, and I
have come to express to you the regret
which, under the circumstances. a gen.
tleman should
II assured him that it was all right.
and with a salute and a low bow, which
l feelingly returned, he rode away,
leaving me lost in admiration of a SUI
perior officer who could so promptly
and generously repair an error"
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31
SOLDIERS STORIES.
ENTERTAINING REMlNICENCES
OF THE WAR.

Graphic Account of Stirring Scenes
Witnessed on the Battlefield and in
Camp-Vcterans of the Rebellion Re-
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

on satisfied to know what we know.
Why should wa care to know what you
know"
From Student to Warrior.
In China the competitive examination
ends with admission to Office; beyond that
step promotion must coma through other
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

England is losing no time in cult.
waiting China. During his stay in Mos,
COW, Ii Hung Chang has been wined,
and dined by the English Ambassador
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

Tho trouble is. when n preacher is
interesting be never knows wien to
stop.
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

was taken away was on the occasion or
the defeat of the Chinese in Corea and In
the naval battle off the mouth Of the
Yalu River by the Japanese. But he was
soon restored to imperial favor and sue
cessfully conducted the peace negotiations
with Japan.
Seeks to Reform China.
Ii Hung Chang has introduced some
important reforms into China and hopes
to introduce many more, although he u
greatly hampered by the a~ntiQuated Gus
toms Of the empire. He has greatly i'm
proved the educational system and he IL
striving to make fitness and not scholar
ship the test for entrance into public ser
vice. While a disciple Of C~onfucius and
The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-10-31

y I HUNG
G h a n s
LID eserves
the title Of the
gran old
man" Of Chi
ma. In length
of public serv-
ice, in the char
acter and i'm
t a nee Of
that g e ce
The record-union., 1896-01-23
MADAME MODJESKA.
The Actress Reported to be a Very
Sick Woman.

The Actress Reported to be a Very
Sick Woman.
CINCINNATI, Jan. 22-Madame
Modjeska, the actress, is not only una
bic to fulfill her engagement in this
city this week, but it is feared it will
be weeks before she can act again, if
at all. Drs. Gills Mitchell and ]. T.
consultation this afternoon, after
which they issued the following bull
letin:
Nine. Modjeska was attacked with
phlegmasia, a serious affliction. The
swelling on the left side of the neck is
very painful and renders any movement
of the arm almost impossible. and alb
solutely incapacitates her from fulfill
ing her engagements here
DR.. Whitaker explains that phleg-
masia is a clot of blood resulting di-
rectly from the inner tissues of vein
injured or torn in some manner, pos
sibly from a strain, preventing free
circulation. In the case of Modjeska it
is serious for the reason that the clot
is in the jugular vein, and if not re-
moved WILL it is feared, bring about
the most unfortunate results. DR..
Mitchell, while he considers her case
as serious, is hopeful of her recovery.
At midnight Nine. Modjeska's ply
sicians pronounced her condition as
more favorable, and l4ow have hopes
of her recovery, unless a change for
the worse sets in.
The record-union., 1896-01-23
VENEZUELAN BOUNDARY DISPUTE.
Probability That the Question Will
Soon be Amicably Settled.
Salisbury Manifests His Desire for a
Resumption of Diplomatic Rela-
tions with Venezuela.

| NEW YORK, Jan. pa Herald"
special from Washington says: AS a
means of bringing about an amicable
settlement of the Venezuelan bound
ary dispute, l am able to state on high
authority that Lord Salisbury has made
manifest his desire for g. resumption
of diplomatic relations with Venezuela,
and that the Administration is doing all
in its power to accomplish such a re-
suit
From information obtained yesterday
it is evident that the London Times"
spoke advisediy this morning when it
said: Lord Salisbury's original objec-
tion to arbitrate concerning districts
settled years ago by British subjects
and under British law still holds good,
but the American Government must be
well aware of the perfect willingness on
this side to discard the Schomburgk
line and arbitrate on all the disputed
| territory, excluding only the districts
which the British and Venezuelans
have permanently settled. This basis
of negotiations is open for Venezuela
to seek at any time.
1t is known ssemi-officiall to the Ad-
ministration that while Great Britain
cannot make formal advances for a re-
sumption of diplomatic relations with
Venezuela, for the reason that the latter
was the first to break them off, she is
willing and anxious to have Venezuela
/ take the initiative. So well satisfied are
the authorities of the desire of Great
1 Britain in this respect that Venezuela,
4 it is stated on reliable authority, is be-
! ing urged by the Administration here
| to make an effort to establish diplo-
matte relations with England, and the
President of the Venezuelan Republic
now has the matter under consider
alton. The suggestion was made, it is
stated, by Secretary Olney to the Vene-
| zuelan Minister here, Senior Andrade,
and by him communicated to his Gov
ernment by cable.
There are strong reasons for believing
that Great Britain is now willing to
| make concessions to Venezuela. 1t is
admitted that since Venezuela broke
off diplomatic relations it is incumbent
on her to make the first move for their
resumption, and if she will do this the
prevailing sentiment in the London
! Foreign Office is said to be in favor of
/ pledging an arbitration that will meet
the peculiar necessities of Venezuelan
politics. The scheme now most in favor
is a direct arbitration of the territory
to the westward of the Schomburgk
/ line.
The record-union., 1896-01-23
RED CROSS RELIEF PARTY.
Miss Barton and Her Assistants Sail
From New York.

Miss Barton and Her Assistants Sail
From New York.
NEW YORK, Jan. 22.-AIiss Clara
Barton, President of the American Red
Cross Society. sailed this morning on
the steamship New York for Southamp-
ton en- route for Constantinople, where
she will seek permission to enter Arme-
MIA to administer assistance to the
neey and afflicted of that country.
Accompanying Miss Barton are Miss
Lucy Graves, stenographer; Ernest Ma
sen, linguist: George II. Pullman, pri-
vate secretary to Miss Barton, and DIR.
J. B. Bubbei, General Field Agent of
needy and afflicted of that country.
The party will go direct to South
ampton, thence TO London, Paris, Ge-
neva, Baden Baden. Vienna and Con-
stantinople, the TRIP occupying in all
about three weeks. In England, France
and Germany Miss Barton will confer
with the heads of all the Red Cross So
cieties there, as well as with the mem
bers of the international branch in Ge-
neva, with view Of securing intelli-
gent cooperation. Should the situation
Justify it she viii establish Red Cross
hospitals at Alexandretta, on the Med
iterranean. and at Trebizond and Sas-
soun, on the Black Sea.
On arrival in Constantinople Miss
Barton win call upon United States
Minister Terrell and endeavor to secure
his good offices in the effort to induce
4he Sultan to give the Red Cross Soci-
ETY. the right to enter Armenia
When the steamship drew out of her
deck the large crowd present loudly
eheered Miss Barton, who stood on the
steamships deck and smilingly ac-
knowledged the compliment. From the
masthead of the vessel fioated the en-
blem of the Red Cross Society.
CONSTANTINOPLE, Jan. 22--
The record-union., 1896-01-23
UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
The Act Creating the New Election
Commission at San Francisco.
Decision Rendered by the State SUI
preme Court-The Old Board VIII
Again Come Into Power.

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 22.-The new
Election Commission is an illegal body.
The Supreme Court so decided this
afternoon.
The opinion declaring the law creating
the commission unconstitutional was
written by Justice Mcfarland, and all
! Of the other members of the court con-
Cured
This decision means that the old COM
mission, composed of the Mayor City
and County Attorney, Tax Collector,
Auditor and City Surveyor will continue
| in office
The suit was commenced by James
Dennan and o. E. Castle, who, with P
M. Wellin and Samuel w. Foster, were
appointed to the commission by Mayor
Sutro according to the provisions of the
Act of the last Legislature, against
Auditor Broierick to compel him to
audit his salary demand as a member
of the commission. Broderick had re-
fused on the ground that the law Great
ing the commission was unconstitu-
tional.
The constitutionality of the Act was
attacked on the ground that it was
special legislation in that it applied only
to cities having a population of over
10000. The Constitution also provides
that cities and towns must be classified
by general laws, and as there was no
classification of cities having a popula-
tion of 100000 it was urged that the Act
which attempted to create a new class
was special legislation. The Supreme
Court says:
'.The construction of the Constitution
on this subject has been quite liberal, it
being held that if the classification be
in other respects such as the Constitu-
tion warrants, the fact that only one or
two counties or municipalities are put in
class will not invafidate it. But there
must be classification. 1t must be by
a general law, and the classification
must include all the counties or mu-
inequalities. In 1888 the Legislature
made the following classifications: All
municipal corporations within the State
having population of more than
100000 shall constitute the first class. :"
This decision leaves the Republican
party without a representative on the
commission, as all the members are
Democrats with the exception of Mr..
Sutro, who was elected as a Populist.
The record-union., 1896-01-23

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 22.-Mungo
Clinton. a contractor OF San Jose, was
arrested at his room in local hotel to-
night and booked at the City Prison on
a charge of embezzlement. The COM
planning witness is j. Cherries, one of
his bondsmen.
Clinton absconded about month ago
with $4,000 in cash which he had drawn
down on his contract. After spending
some time in British Columbia he con-
cluded that it was safe for him to re-
turn, but the police OF this city were on
the lookout for the enbezzler. and To-
Gated him tonight at a hotel where he
had registered as M. S Faber.
When searched, Clinton had $3.50 in
his possession. He expressed sorrow
for his actions. He will be taken to San
jose in the morning.