davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
Heavy Seeding Of Oats.

Lodging of oats is due to the impel-
feet development of the tissues Of the
stem. and this is the result of IN in
sufficient exposure to sunlight in conse-
quence of the plants being too close to-
gethcr. The greatest exposure will
doubtless be secured by moderately
thin sowing. 1t is usually considered
that the quantity of seed per acre
should vary with the condition of the
land and the time of sowing, great
quantity being sown when the land Is
In poor condition and when the season
Is late. A greater quantity of seed Is
required on poor land. us the oats do
not stool OUT so we'll. and in a late
season it is necessary to increase the
amount in order to hasten the harvest,
as. where the land is thinly sown. the
.'stnoling" process is liable to be car
ried OH for too long time, making the
harvest late. In England, asshigh as
eight bushels per acre of oats are often
sown. in other-year tests that quantity
Of seed yielding an average Of forty
three bushels per acre; six bushels fifty
three. and four bushels seeding fifty-six
bushels per acre. other things being
equal. In America. four bushels per
acre is usually considered heavy seed
ing for oats, and one and one-half to
two bushels is the amount usually
sown.-Orange Judd Farmer.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
through all the mud puddles in the
road and keep clean.-William Church
In Practical Farmer.
A Barn Rat. Trap.

Place water-tight barrel in a dark
corner, making the top accessible to
the rats; by setting boxes near 1t, or
placing boards Or poles so that they
may climb up. The head is taken out
and the Darrell filed about three
fourths full. with trash, corn cobs,
chips, etc. On top Of this put any
thing to entice the rats. After they
become familiar with the surround
ings and resort to It regularly, clean
out the barrel. fill it about three quar-
ters full OF water, throw In enough
char to cover the water, and put in a
small block with a piece Of bacon tied
on each side. The first rat will jump
In to eat the bacon, the next one will
not hesitate, and then there is fight
for the possession of the block. The
noise brings other rats, and when they
get in--no matter how many-they will
drown. Allow them to visit the barreI
for week at least before the water ir
put in.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
Cleaning wheels on Vehicles.

CLEANING wheels On Vehicles.
The Illustration shows good device
to prevent mud from flying all over
the vehicle and its occupants. Rods
running from axle to the back Of the
wheel, about one foot from the ground.
The rods have scrapers to come very
close (but not touch the face Of the
tire. Rubbers, such az rubber belts
are made of, are fastened to the face
Of the scrapers, and fit tight on the
face Of the tire and inside of the fei
loes. With this device ltte- he'd you
can run your carriage on a wet day
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28

m simple n cont uction. AIRY btaIht
0ltmefs With thsA sBtanceof = sblaek.
smith can make all Of these and. more
The expense VIII be much lesS sthan IL
bought a town or hired made. The
tools which every well regulated farm
ought to possess will answer. We
have in mind a young farmer who
does all this kind Of work, and he %
prospering In spite Of hard times,
cheap pr0ducts, etc. He raises a.
much grain and stock as his neighbors
who buy everything ''ready" made,
and has much more ready cash. Try
your hand ut 1t when the weather pre-
vents outside work. Many Kitchen
things are also easily made. Orange
Judd Farmer.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
4 Great Chance to Make Money,

Mr. EDfr0R:-Iread how Mr.. Jones made money.
have better job taking orders for the now FIRE.
eotss. poliCies. reoeipts. money and vaina6iss
from fft.. Every family or farmer bpys sell for
nrst week. 90 second. arst month ell7 Sister made
s8 last week selling Natona, Dish Washer for
same drm. Light. easy work. honest nrm, anyone
eau make money By writing them.
j. C. BARRETT
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
Hurry ana Worry.

II felt SO nervous, mamma" said a
little girl the other day, referring to
an accident which had happened.
What do you mean by being 'nerv-
Gus, my dear?''
'.Why, mamma. SIS Just like being in
q hurry ali over."-Cleveland World.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
0ooa -0rovnals.

Coed Grounds. p -,
Watts-There won't be any European
war. Those rulers are all related to
one another. -
Potts That's the very reason.I think
there will be war.-Indianapelis Jour
nal.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
Rs~ 0llAe.
= !::=:...:'.:.-F.';'h.,E!:!::.;

Draining the harm Cellar Made Easy.
least, Of the nuisance, is to dig n mar
row, open trench close up to the wall
and all the way about the cellar. let
ting the two ends come together ut the
outlet drain of the cellar Instcad.Of
the open ditch, tile can be laid in tl.e
same position. but Just below the sur
face. Use one method or the other,
and keep the cellar floor free FROM
watcr.-Farm aud Home.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
one: tYay 10 save Money.

Daring .4e winter many convent
ences and necessary farm tools and
implements may be made in the home
workhouse. Hayracks, wagon beds.
swing gates. water trouehs aud tanks,
sleds, tool racks. stalk rnkes. chicken
coops. shirG:ng rates aud berry boxca
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28

Fiso'c Cure for Consumption has been q
God-send to melvin. b. Mcclellan, Ches.
ter. Florida. Sept. II. 1895.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
There Was No Violence.

There Was No Violence.
"Bigland has been thrown out Of
work. hasn't hep
We'll, his pay has been stopped, II
that Is what you mean. Detroit
News.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
squariaE Accounts.

Here. waiter, take away these oys-
tiers. They are bad
Il know, sir, but we have given you
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28

The lord mayors show was first e.
lablished in 1453-the feast in 1901.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28

One thing parents should never do is
to discuss the failings of their children
before the little one. The next worst
thing is for one parent to attempt to
punish the child and the other Parent
protest against it. Either action will
damage. the respect Of the child for
one or the other Of its parents, and IL
there Is one thing more than another
that parents want to preserve. 1t Is
their dignity before their children. A
child who gets the idea that one pa
rent is at variance with the other OH
the question of discipline will make
both unhappy and render itself decid-
edly Objectionable by playing off one
parert against the other. II you want
to hate any harmony in the family,
get together on the question Of disci-
pllhing the children, at least in their
presencc-and then, IL you want to
quarrel on methods, do 1t in the pri-
vacy Of your own apartments. where
you can have It out without lowering
yourselves in the eyes Of the children.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
DR. oPSY'
CREATED TREE.

Positively Cured with Vegetable Remedies
Have cured Thousands OF cases. Cure cases pge.
hopeless BY best physicians. Frum first dess
sympsoms disappear: 10 ten days q least twothi,de
malls Of miraculous Ten days treatment fTss
By mail nyou order trial send 100 I'm stamps 70 ~
postsses-, De. II. II GEEEx q 6oNss Atlanta, O.. II
you order trial return this advertisement to N.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
Hurrah for Psnnsylva.ts.

Hurrah for Pennsylvaaia.
The farmers Of Pennsylvania are to
bs congratulated. M. NJ. Luther, East
Troy, Pa, grew over 207 bushels Sal
ser's Silver Mine Oats on one measured
acre Think Of It! Now there ere thirty
thousand farmers going to try and beat
Mr.. Luther and win 5000 In gold! and
they'll do It. Will you be one Of them?
Then there is Silver King Barley.
cropped on poor soil 116 bus. per acre
in 1896. Isn't that wonderful corn
230 bus. and potatoes and grasses ano
clovers. fodder plants. ETC.. etc. Freight
is cheap on seeds to all points east. west,
north or south.
n goa win cut this out ana send
It with 10c postage to the John A. Sal
ger Seed Co.. La Crosse. Wis, you will
receive their mammoth catalogue ana
ten packages grains and grasses. In
cluding above oats. free.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28

The; days are never long enough for the
man who loves his work.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1896-02-28
.|)(|||)|l||'l||D|||||l|||E|'||I||(||'
81, MOST PERFECT MADE.

y pure Cape Cream Of Tartar Powder. Ffe
nom Ammonia, Alum OF any c.Aer adultesant,
40 YEARS TliR STANDARD.
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
Influence of Food on MILK.

That the food and water dairy COWS
take have direct influence on milk and
butter there is no doubt, and l am of
the opinion that many cases of bad
butter are attributed to the mismanage-
ment of the dairymaid that ought to be
put down to bad management in the
cow sheds. We are now pretty well up
to-date in all dairy appliances and con-
triyances, but there is sometimes great
carelessness or ignorance displayed out
side the dairy. There needs cattle breed
ing specially for dairying, and more
care is required in feeding; in this last
connection leaf might well be taken
out of the book of the Channel Island
dairy farmers.-Rural World.
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
storer Is a profltable Food.

Corn has been so long grown just for
its grain that it is hard to realize that
one-half of its value lies in the stoyer
which ia too often left standing in the
field. If we expect to find this about
as valuable as timothy hay we must
give it the same care, otherwise it will
become dry and unpalatable, and there
will be q great loss of material. Some
people deny this, but they are the ones
who find that stock will not eat the
dried, woody, weather-beaten stuff.
Hence they denounce corn fodder as an
food. Yet these same peo-
pie would not look for much value in
hay which had been subjected to SINH
lar course of fneglect.-N. Y. World.
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
AXLE GREASE CHEESE.
Why Farmers Should Assist In the Sur
preston of Its Manufacture.

Why Farmers Should Assist In the Sup
preston of Its Manufacture.
Every effort to suppress the manu-
facture and sale of filled cheese deserves
the heartiest support of all farmers.
The question is of more general inn
portance than many farmers seem to
imagine, for the cheese and butter in
dustries are so closely allied that when
our export cheese trade is destroyed
the butter market cannot fail to be al
fected. /.
The recent low prices commanded by
the best creamery butter has alarmed
many people, persuading them into the
belief that the creamery business is
overdone. If this be true-and it is not
possible now to say whether it is or not,
for markets are affected by many cir
cumstances-but if it be true, the
remedy lies close at hand. With the
suppression of filled cheese, America
car produce and sell at advantageous
prices tons and tons of the real article.
Down with the axle grease stuff
Farm News. <
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
Notice of Application for Public
Timber Permit.

The undersigned hereby notify
all persons concerned, that they
arc about to apply to the Secretary
Of the Interior of the United States
for a permit authorizing them to
cut pine timber, to be by them
sawed into lumber and laths, on
the following described unsur-
veyed land of the United States to
wit: Approximately, section 25
and 36 in township 10 south, range
"a east of the Gila and Salt River
Meridian, lying in the Graham
mountains, all in the county of
Graham, Territory of Arizona.
The timber land herein applied
for, begins at Chlarson's steam saw
mill commonly known as Frye's
saw mill on Frye's creek about 13
miles in a soutwestorly direction
from the town of Thatcher in said
county, extending one half mile on
each side of said creek and two
miles southwest up the creek,
and contains approximately two
square miles. Said tract is essen
tally non-mineral and not subject
to entry under the mineral laws.
III. N. CHLARsoN, Fl. r. CHLARsoN
Thatcher, Graham county Arizona.
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
Catching rlies on of Cattle.

A machine for catching flies off the
backs of cattle, and so afrording the ami
mails reliefand comfort, has been invent
ed by a farmer in Madison county, Ky.
The fly catcher is a kind of covered pen
or passageway, through which the AMI
NAL must walk TO secure relief. A few
feet from the entrance there is a cupola
or dome in the roof of the passageway,
made of glass and arranged as a fly
trap. Beyond this the passage is dark
ness. The animal walks through the
machine, and just as it passes under the
dome and enters the darkest part set
of brushes sweep off the flies, which
naturally rise into the lighted dome,
and the steer passes out at the other
side free of flies. The flies arc retained
in the dome trap. The inventor has ex~
perimented with his machine, and finds
that the animals soon learn the value of
the machine and know enough TO walk
through the machine when the flies be-
gin to bite. The device has been pat.
ented
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
CHEAP COW STABLE.
Can BE Built Substantially for About Five
Hundred Dollars.


A cheap and convenient cow stable
for six cows may be built 16X24. Feed
ing alley should be at least four feet
wide. Cows facing feed alley. Manure
ditch should be deep and narrow so that
cows may easily step across and are not
likely to stand with hind feet in the
ditch while in their stalls. The walk
should be three and one-half or four
feet wide. The length of the platform
on which the cows stand will depend
upon the size of COWS kept. The feed
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
sterilIned Mnk Is Nutritious.

1t must be understood, says the Hos
pital, that the substance which goes by
the name of sterilized milk is some
thing different from ordinary milk.
The albumen is converted into peptone,
and the relation of the fat to the other
constituents is in the same way
changed, SO that very little fat separates
from the emulsion. From the investiga
tions, however, made by DR.. Blasius,
professor of hygiene at Brunswick, Eng
land, it appears that the nutritiye prop
critics of the milk are in no wise inter-
fered with.
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
Inflnencinc the CaIres.

Prof Stewart once purchased two
cows, four and six years old, and fed
them to improve if possible their milk
fng qualities. One the second year pro-
duced 60 per cent. more throughout and
was proftably kept until IS years of
oge. The other increased one-third in
milk and one-half in butter, and during
her 10th year gave 6,27s pounds of milk.
And please note this-that heifer calf
from each before development proved
very ordinary mixers, but calves from
them afterward proved good mixers.
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
Antecedents of the Turnip.

Originally the turnip came from
Europe, but has spread almost over the
world. 1t grows luXuriantly in Siberia,
and is known all over Asia. The turnip
in its wild state is found in many parts
of North America, but is small and in
ferior article compared with those with
which we are familiar. AS food for cat
tie, turnips, especially the yellow sorts,
are excellent; but they should never be
fed to cows that are giving milk, as they
impart an extremely unpleasant flavor
and odor to the milk, and for some rea-
son or other that dairymen do not un-
derstand, the milk from turnip-fed
COWS has very little cream.
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
Fertilizer and Fodder Crop.

A good fertilizer and fodder crop may
be obtained by sowing in early May in
well-prepared soil peas and oats at the
rate of one bushel of peas to two bushels
of oats per acre. Sow the peas, harrow
them in well; then broadcast the oats,
stirring them in to less depth than the
peas. The peas will climb on the oats.
Sown in early May at the north, this
crop will make big feed in middle June
one highly relished by mich cows.
The land can then be sown TO Hungarian
or roots. The pea roots are nitrogen
traps and improve the soil by adding
itrogen as well as humus.-Farm and
Home, t
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03

Capital.
The agricultural resources Of the
Gila valley are both varid and ex-
tensive, comprising an area Of
arabic land of which there is at
present tributary to canals and
bitches, 10000 acres which is
capable of being irrigated. The
principal products are alfalfa, wheat,
corn, barley, oats, vegetables, de-
cidious andcertain classes Of citrus
fruits.
This is the natural home of
alfalfa, of which from 4 to crops
are grown yearly, yielding from 5
to tons per acre. 1t is not as
stocky as'that which comes from
the Salt River valley and is pre-
ferable for either horses or cattle.
Wheat, barley and oats grow
prolifcly, the former containing a
very large amount Of nutrition.
Yellow dent, white gourd and
other large varieties Of corn yield
productivity, vegetables are large
and solid and come to maturity
two months earlier than In the
eastern and middle states.
The valley and Hill lands are
adapted to all of the products of
the temporal zone, and many of
the fruits of the semi-tropical
countries. The apples equal in
size and flavor the prize winners
of the eastern states. The seed
ling fruits are unexcelled in size
and general excellence. Apricots
and apples both grow with a sur
prising rapidity. The peaches in
appearance and taste are identical
with those (which come from the
famous orchards of New Jersey.
Canagrie grows wild, some of
the tubers being as large as good
sized potatoes. Tests now show
that canagrie root, which flourish
es near Thomas, IN the lower por-
ton Of the valley, contains a large
er per cent of tannic acid than any
ever sent to the extract works
from either Arizona or New Mexi-
co.
Farming lands can be purchased
at from $50 to 500 per acre, in
cluding improvements and water
rights.
Uncultivated land without water
right is free to any settler under
the United States homestead law.
This class of farms will eventually
become valuable when the canal
facilities have been increased.
The cost of maintaining the ca
nails which are owned by the farm
ers varies from 80 cts. to $1.00 per
acre per year.
The following are the market
values of the products of the soil
at the ranch, there being ready
sale for everything raised in the
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03

DR.. Weeks Catarrh Cure is a most
valuable remedy for that prevalent
disease. His Syrup of Dates, ma
ture's perfect laxative is a cure for
Chronic Constipation. The Cal
lfornia Herb remedy acts upon the
kidneys, stomach, liver and bowels.
Removes pin, stomach and tape
worms. Cures rheumatism and
purifes the blood.
DR.. Weeks Arabian oil is surely
the King of Pain. All sold for
half price for 20 days at.
JENNINGS and GRAY's
4-l7-tf
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03

The tables are supplied with the very best
to be had in the market all kinds of vegetables
and fruit in season. Families boarded at
special rates Give us a call and be convinced,
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03

Milk COWS S25.00 to $4,000
There is at present about 11S
miles of irrigatlng canals and main
bitches, not including the lateral
bitches which will make the total
several times this amount. This
gives ample water to assure crops
for about $4,000 acres. When the
Enterprise canal is finished it will
water several thousand acres of
rich table and bottom land. 1t
has been estimated thai a quarter
of million acres Of additional land
could be irrigated if storage dams
were built. This could be done
in several places, notably at the
narrows about 18 miles from SAT-
ford where a box canyon exists
through which the river passes.
1t is from this point the Enterprise
company are building their canal.
Graham county covers an area
of 1000 square miles.
The Gila valley is 35 miles from
the narrows to the edge Of the res
ervation, with an average width of
bottom lands of two miles, the dis
tance between the foot hills being
six miles. The valley is fanked
on the north by the Gila mountains
and on the south by the Graham
mountains, Mount Graham being
the highest peak, with an altitude
of ten thousand feet above sea level.
Although but little prospecting
has been done in either the ella
or Graham mountains, the few
properties which have been de-
veloped show that the ore body
is practically inexhaustable; while
copper predominates, there is both
gold and silver in paying quantities
1t is virgin field for both the
minor and captaitlst and one which
promises grand results.
The two principal mining COM
panies are the Detroit, at Morenci,
and the Arizona Copper Company,
at Clifton. The former employees
300 men and the latter 600.
The output of the Arizona comp,
any is 20 tons of copper per day
and Of the Detroit about 10 tons
per day. These two companies
alone pay out for labor about $780,,
600 annually.
Experts are at present prospect
ing near Saffoad for coal.
There are twenty-five schools,
and one Academy in Graham
county. The examination for
teachers is very strict; only those
who are thoroughly qualified be-
ing able to procure certificates.
IL churches of different denomi-
nations look after the spiritual
welfare of the community. Soci-
ETY. is as refined here as IN any
of the old eastern cities.
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
CHURCH BOOKS.

All standred Church works kept
by j. A. McRae, agent, Thatcher,
Arizona. All kinds of country
produce will be taken in exchange
for books. 6-5-tf.
Stafford Lodge No. 2S, 10 CT
meets every Tuesday evening at
Stafford Church. Visiting member
invited.
Henry Nash, G. T.
George Hildreth, Sec.
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
ESTABLISHED FACTS.

Concerning Graham County, Which are
Well Worth Serious Consideration
by those Seeking new Homes, or Men
Seeking Profitable Investment for
Capital.
Graham guardian., 1896-07-03
ins should be in the loft above and

bins should be in the loft above and
spouted down to boxes % below, where
it can be mixed, and is convenient to get,
while not in the road. To keep the COWS
clean, clear the cutters at least once q
day and use plenty of absorbents, cut
straw, dry sawdust or dry forest leaves
being the best for COW stables. In build
ing such a stable put up a balloon frame
and batten the siding, or use tongue
and grooved siding. Such a building
may be built in good substantial way
at a cost of less than $500, and would
last many years.-Ohio Farmer.