davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17

f1yk1IlD
EXCELLENT PIGGERY.
Description of the Pens at EIr. White
Noted .'HiIlside EARNS"

Description of the Pens at EIr. Whites
Noted .'HiIlside EARNS"
The house is "a by 10 feet. An alley
runs through the center feet wide,
and on each side 10 pens, 10 by 10 feet,
each pen having a small door opening
CRoss-sECTIoN OF MR.. WHITES PIGGERY.
into the alley, through which to drive
hogs when ready to butcher, or for
changing from one pen to another.
There is also a small swing door over
each trough to throw back, keeping
hogs out of trough until the same is
filled, when the door is released, swing
ing into place again. The front of pens
next alley, also partition between
pens, are 81 feet high, leave ali space
above open for free circulation of air.
Troughs are feet long, IL inches wide
on bottom, with flaring sides.
Each pen is designed for six small
or four large hogs, and I find they are
none too large. The outside pens are
10 by 10 feet, with inches OF broken
stone, covered with inches of concrete,
and this with inch of Portland ce-
ment. This cement floor is sloped up
at the outer edges, thus forming de-
preston 6 inches deep which holds all
liquids, and by keeping the moisture,
helps decompose the material with
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
Tic control Of swarming.

To control swarming, remove one OF
the prime factors. Brood is the only
factor we can remove and not defeat
Jour object-honey. The removal OF
brood, instead of decreasing the honey
yield, rather increases it, We may re-
move the brood by direct confscation,
or we can do it more gradually by the
removal of the queen. The first method
would be better where the flow is very
short and profuse, the second better
where the flows lasts 40 to go or more
dsys The cause of swarming is in
s.inct; it's control, broodlessness. Other
methods at times seem effective, but the
only method of controlling swarming
that is at all times success, is brood
lessness. Southern Cultivator.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
FACTS FOR FARMERS.

\ lot of oldtime sheepraisers who
sold out year or two ago are buying
up again.
Experiments with sachaline and the
fat pea at the Swiss station for three
years resulted in the condemnation Of
both.
Ii the oats are covered two or three
inches deep the plants will be safer
from hard frost or dry spell than if
TOO shallow.
At the Canadian experiment station
rape was shown to be the best green
food for the growth of lambs - both
carcass and fleece.
Bulletin 33 of the Calhoun Da.) ex-
pertinent station gives full directions
for growing tobacco plants, transplant
ing, cultivating, worming, suclkering,
topping, curing, grading. marketing,
etc.
In oats tests at the Indiana station
with p varieties, eight peclls per acre
drilled, OF ten pecl<s broadcast gave
better results than any greater or less
quantity of seed; horse manure was
profitable, but no commercial fertilizer
used on oats returned any profit.
The director OF the Oklahoma exper-
iment station says: Teosinte, giant
grass, somewhat like corn. makes a
large growth. At the experiment sta
ton as much as 25 tons per acre of green
fodder was secured from small plat.
This crop is troublesome to handle, and
the fact that it does not mature seed in
this climate is an objection
of Agriculture.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
Cracked Corn for Poultry.

The use of cracked corn is more large
ly employed among those who breed the
smaller breeds of poultry, yet some use
it with all varieties. A be<ter way
would be to buy smaller kernel corn
or plant dwarf variety that would
avoid the necessity of cracking it at the
mill. In doing SO, says an exchange,
you get just what is wanted and avoid
the trouble of having to pay for great
deal of meal made in grinding the corn,
which is not eaten by the flock, and
permitting it to lie in the feed bins
long brings the meal worm about and
makes the entire grain musty and I'M
pleasant to handle.-Farmers Voice.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
sERvIAN BEE FARMS.
They Are to he Conducted on Strictly
Scientific Principles.

They Are to BE Conducted on Strictly
Scientific Principles.
A new industrial departure Of great
interest has been taken in Servia, where
a society for bee and fruit culture"
has been established. says the ST. Louis
Globe-Democrat. This society seeks to
Introduce a system IF beekeeping on
scientific principles, and of developing
the industry ON a profitable basis
throughout that country, where, until
lately, the peasants have been in the
habit of keeping their bees in conical
straw skeps daubed with mud or plas-
ter, and destroying the bees to obtain
the honey. 1t is probable that the So
ciety will provide the peasants with
cheap straw slleps With supers, as well
as bar-framed hives and other desirable
agricultural appliances. The farm of
the society contains about 200 hives,
placed in regular rows over the ground,
six feet six inches from each other,
facing north. These hives are all ON
the bar-frame principle, and of the pat
tern generally known as Dzierzon hives,
and they contain about 80 pounds of
honey in the comb when full. They
are made of wood, with draw sides, and
cost about 1925 each. The bees appear
to be species of the common bee (Apis
mellifca), but are rather small in size,
and unusually tractable. The Italian
bee (Apis ligustica) does not succeed
we'll in Servia, becoming quickly
merged into the indigenous stock.
The bee farm is provided with two
centrifugal honey-extractors of very
simple design, but perfectlypractical
After extraction, the honey is put into
glass bottles, with neat screw tops, i'm
ported from Austria, containing re-
spectively half pound, one pound and
two pounds. The price OF the honey
is about IL cents pound, exclusive of
the bottle, for which an extra charge
is made. The wax is sold to the wax
dealers for making into church can
dies, and realizes about 30 cents
pound. The Importance of encourag-
ing bee culture is evidently fully real
lied by the members of this society and
others interested, and the introduction
Of law is in contemplation obliging
all priests, schoolmasters and certain
others holding employment under the
government to turn their attention to
the keeping of bees.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
Feeding Boes for Profit.

dany beelzeepers must change
their location, go to the flowers, or
change their methods of management.
The beekeeping public says at present,
and perhaps always will say, that sugar
honey must not be produced, but there
is no objection to bees living on cent
sugar instead of lucent honey. 1t has
been estimated, and we think fairly,
that colony of bees consume go or 70
pounds of honey during the year. If
a good portion of this can be cheap
sugar instead of high-priced honey. it
may make all the difference between a
fair profit and serious loss. A change
to better location is preferable, if a
change can be made, as there is more
profit in plenty of honey from natural
sources than in exchanging sugar for
honey in a poor locality Southern
Cultivatcr.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
Indigestion In Poultry.

Indigestion is one of the commonest
troubles of fowls and one of the most
easily prevented. Grit takes the place
of teeth with fowls. 1t requires to
be sharp in order to grind up the food
and prepare it for digestion. Yet how
often is the supply deficient? Crushed
oyster shells or sharp gravel should be
accessible to the hens. Acidity of the
stomach is the result of indigestion. 1t
may be corrected by mixing very fine
pulverized charcoal with the food or by
keeping a supply Of broken charcoal in
the neighborhood of the fowls. One of
the best methods Of giving it is to char
a couple of corncobs once week In the
oven and then let the fowls have them
to peck at The feeding of charcoal is
excellent at all stages of the hens exis-
tence, but it is particularly desirable
when the fattening process is going on.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
In Case Of swine Plague.

The fundamental principle in dealing
with an outbreak of disease in the swine
herd is to separate the well hogs from
the sick hogs, not to take the sick hogs
away from the healthy swine, leaving
the latter confined on the ground which
the herd occupied when the disease de-
veloped. Leave the sick hogs where
they were when the Illness appeared
and remove to other quarters those APP
parently not yet affected. If the pigs
are permitted to occupy the pens and
yards in which some have siclened and
died it is altogether probable that the
infection will spread until it carries off
the herd or all but few that are strong
enough to resist the encroachment of
the plague or survive an attack of it.
The disease spreads by infection of the
ground. Hence healthy hogs should
not be allowed on ground or in pens
where swine have died from the plague.
Breeders Gazette.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
CAKES FOR CATTLE.

and Economical Scheme for Utilix-
Ing Waste Food Materials.
L department of agriculture has a
'ldea. It's to utilize great quantl-
III food materials that now go to
IN this country by putting them
lhe shape of biscuits and cakes
PIE MS feed for horses and cattle
~ says the New York Post. The
ial thus employed would be re-
by hydraulic pressure to the
possible bulk. 1t is believed in
way market can be found in Eu-
OF certain products of the United
winch at present are thrown
such as the refuse of flour mills,
MS, oat mills, cotton-seed oil
ana the glucose and starch fac
ners in Europe are accustomed to
neir animals on cakes which are
uhued on dietetic principles, so
urnlsh the requisite elements for
ing lat and lean. To serve as
lor The cakes referred to, they
FL from the United States last
pO'Voo'OOo pounds of refuse from
Peeo oil and linseed oil mills,
n'lng a value of 81, 100000. They
Z stuff with various grains and
80 as to make a suitable ration
sser purpose may be in view,
]. u Dc flesh, milk or the support
Z VI work. 1t is estimated that
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
CHEAP FOOD MATERIAL.
Economy ls Always In Order on til
Average Stock Farm.

Economy Is Always In Order on the
Average Stock Farm.
Great waste of food is the rule on
the average stock farm. This is espe-
cially true on the general farm, where
hut a moderate number of domestic
;,nimals is the rule. The waste is not
the quantity but in the quality of the
food given the live stock. Corn and
oats are often fed freely to the brood
mares and older horses when not at
work, and when they are in high flesh.
The same practice is found in feeding
drv sows, ewes, sows, etc., when they
are loaded with flesh and fat. Discrim-
ination is not made in feeding for
growth and for the proper mainte-
nance of good condition. The food OF
support is too largely augmented in
many cases.
1t is not safe to overfeed the breed
ing stock.
There is always danger in the effort
to limit food of going to the other ex-
IRENE. This may be avoided by the
substitution of the cheaper grades of
food. The ensilage furnishes cheaper
quality but very satisfactory food for
making gain, and also maintaining
condition and vigor of digestion. The
various roots, vegetables and fruits can
be substituted as part ration for all
of the stock not fattening to a finish.
The bulky provender, too, should be
used freely instead of grain, as the
grain can be more easily carried over
to next year when it may be much
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
HOMEMADE CLoD CRUsHER.

low. The Importance of securing a fine
seed-bed cannot be too strongly urged
upon farmers, and this machine so fine
~ supplements the work of the cultiva-
tor as to make it worth any ones while
to spend the necessary time in making
it. The cylinder can be large or small
the larger it is up to a certain point
the easier viii be the draft. Two disks
arc cut from planls, and triangular
shaped pieces firmly nailed to these,
square joists split at the mill serve
well for this purpose. Shafts are then
added.-OranCe Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17

mare, and, in fact, eight feet is bet
d. The rail for the hay carrier would
tend out at B, if truss roof is used;
AOrdinary roof, the carrier would be
top of rafters. If long enough posts
Al and L, Fig. II may not be bad, use
81 longest available 2X6 pieces, and
pike strongly the lower ends to short
ests placed well in the ground.
a drive crosswise through this shed
|oud be more convenient in many
|2gs. If the hay is to be I,aled, the
eRes could be conveniently stored. If
lending to bale, put the hay into the
ID in sections, ten to twelve feet long,
ne entire width of the shed, as it will
e much more convenient chat way for
ting out. Indeed, it will be the bet
aF way even if the hay is to be hauled
rs in which case arrange the floor so
y 70 back the wagon under at X, Fig.
a shed of this style can be built 20
~ wide and 10 feet high, at cost of
~ - TO $3.50 for each ton of contents,
HH 1t will last 20 years. The siding, S
may be of cheap material, as the
pit slant inward will prevent the
er from running in. The floor, for
pomy's sake, ..lay be of rails or
IS.
Pc practice of cutting up and shred
'R the fodder is rapidly gaining
7pnd. A shed built built on the fore
g plan would answer admirably
toring such feed. Stats would have
n nailed across the lower openings,
purse. The elevator would carry the
Fooder in at the door, A. It is hard
Pecessary to say that when barn
S and protection for stock are to be
- INTO account, in addition to econ
' OF handling, it is cheaper to so
lfuct the building as 70 give up the
noor space to stock, using only
PIPER part for feed.-G. w. Waters,
Louis journal of Agriculture.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
FODDER CUTTER.

shear off the ends sticking over the box.
Push the bundle along and repeat.
Cut up to the band, then turn the
bundle around end for end, and fTp
ahead again.
For horses. l cut or inches long,
and think it short enough. With box
like this cut fodder for six horses and
three COWS last winter, feeding a bushel
apiece at feed. 1t took me about five
minutes to cut enough for one feed
Ohio Far11ler.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
.yNs ASg
iGARDEN.
- ~ So III. ~ SE1%--- .
.-=z4zzs.+fs 5y1ss Satel-- Is IL S1anrs-
VI STzS-S-T Isss-s--z-rzI /ss.--s -
DURABLE HAY SHED.

An Investment Which No Progressive Man
VIII Ever Regret.
The yearly losses of western farmers
in hay and fodder, through exposure
to the weather, aggregate an enormous
emount. Extensive inquiry convinces
me that nearly or quite one-fourth of
the feeding value of all the hay and
fodder cut and put in stacks, riclls and
shocks is thus sacrificed. 1t is nothing
uncommon to see q whole meadow of
little misshapen stacks and ricks so
damaged and weather-beaten as not to
be worth over half what it would have
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
CHEAP FODDER GUTTER.
A Homemade Device Which win Answer
EYcrI Ordinary Purnose.

A Homemade Device Which win Answer
Every Ordinary Purpose.
We farmers must economic. If we
can make Il device that will answer
every purpose, we needn't buy one, and
thus save the money to pay 81 900 Off
cial salaries and imitation railroad fares.
| made cutting box, to cut cornfodder,
etc. 1t is shown in the cut, which ex-
plains itself. Four pieces of scantling
2x2, and 2S inches long, make the X
frame or ends. Two boards IA inches
wide and 4 feet lcng, placed as shown,
make the box. This makes box lit
tie higher than an ordinary mans knee.
Place a bundle of fodder in the box, put
your knee on it, and with hay knife
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
HANDY POULTRY COOP.

One That Is Easily Moved from One Part
of a Field to Another.
During winter poultry men should
find time to repair old chicken coops
and make new ones. With ordinary
care more vigorous pullets can be raised
by scattering them about the fields in
small colonies after haying, as insects
then form very cheap and important
portion OF their diet. When biddy
brings forth her brood, place her in one
of the coops with the movable run in
position. This allows he1 to get to the
ground. After she leaves her chicks
the run is removed, the roosts placed
in position and the family moved to
any conyoaient spot Pullets may be
sheltered in such a house until cold
weather or unti they beg II o lay. The
ooops Ui ii accommodate - chicks or
10 vcila1onn TuiIets. 1t is ! by feet
and = gst / 81 -. .&ie aycs. The run
is : ~ 8 feet. y 80 and roof are
built with q pitch CT % degrees. The
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
The Speed of the Pigeon.

Experiments made with carrier
pigeons in connection with various Eu-
ropean armies show that the speed Of
the carrier in calm weather and for q
short distance is about 1910 yards
minute. With very strong wind in
the direction of the flight bird has
reached 1880 yards a minute.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
In Her BoudoIr.

There was a little girl and she had little
curl,
Right in the middle of her forehead;
1t curled very bold when the weather was
But ii wouldn't curl at all when twas
'0l'u' Town Topics
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
Suspicious.

''Who is this Prof. Roentgen, the dis
coverer of X rays?"
''He's German scientist"
SIS he the same man who induced
fcehle-minded people to write Xmas for
Christmas ?"-Chicago Record.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
On High Olympus.

Jove-Myl What a lot of war scares
they are having on earth. Is Mars, the
god Of war, down there?
satellite-No, your highness, only
Aeolus, the wind kinr.-Truth.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
Information Wanted.

Mrs. Bingo-Do you know, dear, l
think we pay altogether too much for
our church pew, considering its loca-
ton.
Bingo-Is that 80? Where is it To-
Gated Truth.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
A Good Remedy.

Gus de Smiths there any way to
keep an old hen from sitting?
Hostetter McGinnis-Yes wiring her
neck and sell her for a spring chicken
Texas Sitter.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
SIMPLE oLoD cRusHER.

Very Serviceable Implement for Fitting
Soil for Planting.
The illustration shows a homemade
implement that will not only crush
clods, but will be found very serviceable
in fitting any soil for planting, making
the surface exceedingly fine and mel
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
Am nvnr.

First Italian Count-She has rejected
you?
Second Italian Counties. There is
nothing now between me and the fruit
businessl-Puck.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17

DlssoLUTIoN NOTICE.
Owing to the dissolution of the cO-partner-
ship heretofore existing between William 4.
Besant and f. Columbus Knott, partners. ira
ding as Besant Il Knott, by the death Of the
said William T. Besant, 1t becomes necessary
to close the affairs of the said firm as speed :
lily as possible. / therefore respectfully re-
quest of our friends knowing themselves TO be
indebted to us, to make an early paymentsto
+. COLUMBUS KNOTT,
Surviving Partner of the Firm of
Besant & Knott.
April 10 St.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17

Notice is hereby given to the creditors of the
said Kathryne J. Casey to file their claims,
duly auth nticated, with the Clerk of the Cir
cult Court for Frederick County, on or before
May LIST, 1895; otherwise they msy be debarred
from any participation in the funds of the
estate of said Kathryne j. Casey.
RICHARD LAWS LEE,
mar5-5t Trustee.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
A N ORDINANCE

A N ORDINANCE
Entitled an Ordinance 10 regulate and change
the hours of opening the Market House, end
turning on the Lights therein, during GER
tain months of the J ear:
SECTION L.. Be it enacted and ordained by
the Mayor and Aldermen Of Frederick. that
the hour of having the Market House opened
from the first Tuesday Ia a pril, A. ID. 1896, and
on every market morning thereafter, until and
inclusive, the last market day OF September
A. y. 1896, shall be three o'clock in the NOM
ing OF each and every said market morning;
and that he lights shall be turned on in said
Market House during said times az the said
hour ofthree O'Clock, on said market morn
ings. and each renter of each and every
butcher stall for the extra light so turned on
shall pay the sum of i've cents each and ev-
cry market morning during the time this or
dlnance Shall continue.
SECTION 2.-And be it enacted that this Or.
dinance shall take effect from the 2nd day of
april, \. D., 1896.
Approved March 26th, 1896.
Passed March 10Th, 1896.
G. w. TYSON, p. B. A.
AQUILLA r. YEAKLE,
apl 33t. Mayor.
A REGULAR MEGrINa
OF THE
BOARD OF SCHOOL G, .NIMISSIONERs OF
FREDERICK COUNTY, MD,
VIII be held in their office at the Court House,
ON WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY,
APRIL 10Th and BOTH, 1896.
Teachers salaries will be paid on and after Fri
day, May 10th. The public schools will close
ON Wednesday, April 10Th. The use OF school
houses, books, etc, will be granted to duly
qualified teachers Who desire TO conduct prl-
Vate schools, upon their entering into contract
with the trustees of the schools to take proper
care of the public school property. Ali teach
ers proposing to avail themselves of this offer
will be required TO apply to this office for forms
of contract.
BY order
EPHRAIM L. BOBLITZ,
mar.27-4t Secretary
County Weekly Papers copy in same space
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17
Notice to Contractors

The County Commissioners for Frederick
County Md, will receive bids until Tuesday,
April 2ist 1895, at 12o'clOck, M, for furnishing
and preparing the material, ana placing same
In position, and such other work as may be
necessary, to make proper foundation on
which to attach the Steel Panel Ceiling, in
tended to improve the acoustic qualities Of the
Court Room.
(The Steel Panels, and attaching same, will
not enter into the cOntract.)
Specifications can be seen at this office. also
drawing of same-in part.
The Commissioners reserve the right to re
ject any and all bids.
By order of the Board,
WIN. MORRISON,
Prest
A. L. EADER.
Clerk. [apl. lO-2t.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17

Richard Laws Lee, Trustee under Deed of
Trust from Kathryne j. Casey and f. Dent
Casey, her husband, on Petition.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1896-04-17

TXECUTOK'S NOTICE.
This is to give notice, that the subscriber has
obtained from the Orphans Court of Frederick
County, Maryland letters testamentary upon
the estate of
SAMUEL WILSON.
late of Frederick County deceased. All per-
sons having claims against the said deceased
are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with
the vocuhers thereof legally authenticated, to
the subscriber, on or before the 10Th day of
October 1896; they may otherwise by law be
excluded from all benefits of said estate.
All persons indebted to the deceased are re-
uuested 20 make immediate payment.
Given under my hand, this 3Oth day of
March 1896.
CHARLES G. CRAMER,
apl.3-6t Executor.