The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1896-08-08

1 true II the DOdy IN 1fOnC OF the pencll
had any other shape than that of the
sphere. This step corresponds to the
| preparation" of the Herbartfans. Now
| take the pupil to an eminence, let him
| see a ship, boat or island in the dis
| tance, and then walk down toward it.
Here is the presentation" This pro-
cedure should be repeated and varied,
and other similar matters brought up,
making the third step, the "compari
SON." From these repeated observa
| tions the pupil is now ready to 'gener-
aliZe.' He begins to realize for himself
| that the earth is round. Before he pre-
sumed it was, because some one had
told him; i. e., he accepted it on faith.
Finally comes the application. If the
earth is round, what will be the shape
of the horizon? etc. This is the fifth
STEP
In the history of education class Mr..
Scott was assisted by Miss Lampman
and Messrs. Dumas, Abbott and Davis.
The subject was education among the
Hindus and Egyptians, more especially
as affected by the political and religious
systems of those two countries. 1t was
found that in neither was universal or
even widely spread education possible
on account of religious supersitiOns.
W
ly by Prof. Scott and will be on Greek
education, in three parts First, Soc
rates and the SOcratic method; second,
Plato; third, Aristotle.
The class lecture by DR.. Lyons was a
little late in beginning on account of
some trouble with the gas. DR.. Lyons
began his lecture by saying that a sort
of cram on the different kinds of rock
would be necessary. And he called at
tentiOn to a point that he might have
missed in the previous lecture by say
ing that soil comes from rock.
There are three standpoints from
which rock may be classifed-that of
the geologist, of the mineralOgist and of
the chemist The chemist clasSifieS by
materials into, first, siliciOus composed /
of silica; second, argillaceOus, of al |
umina (clay); third, calcareous, of !
lime. The mineralogist classifies by |
form into quartz, feIdspar, hornblende,
mica, calcite, gypsum, etc. MineralOgy .
is of but little use here. There is very
little crystalliZatiOn in rock. Hence it
will be comparatively uninteresting to
your pupils. You should have a few
specimens of the most important kinds.
But where can you get them? There is
quartz in ManaOhi and a place or two
on MolOkai. Gypsum crystals occur Oc-
casionally along the coast of Oahu. But
have found treasure in some rock
ballast left behind the ice manufac-
tory. If you are really interested in
geology, go there and get some speci-
mems, especially granite.
Granite is a compound of four kinds
of rock from the mineralogist's point of
view, quartz, feldspar, mica and horn
blende. Feldspar can be distinguished
by its pale color and it's fiat, brilliant
surface, resem milling mother Of pearl.
It splits evenly (cleavage), and if there
are two cleaVageS they will be nearly at
right angles to each other. In eXamin-
ing lava you will sometimes find crys-
tails which you will say look like field
spar, and you will be right. Feldspar
crystals are found in our lava. Every
one knows what mica is from seeing it
in oil stoves, etc. 1t is transparent and
easily divisible into thin sheets. Horn
blende may be known by its dark color,
dark green. Then the quartz is what
is left. 1t is a little hard to describe it.
1t is not transparent, translucent rath
er. If you can find large enough piece
it will scratch glass, which the other in
gradients of granite will not do. 1t Is
between the other kinds and seems to
be in way the cement. Gypsum and
calcite are both kinds of limestone.
Gypsum is the sulphate of lime and
calcite the carbonate.
The geoIogist looks to the origin of
stone for his classification. He makes
three divisions: First, igniOus, formed
by fire; second, aqueous, or better sedi-
mentary, formed by settling as sed1-
ment in water; and, third, metamor-
phic, i. e., sedimentary rock which has
received its present form through the