The Hawaiian gazette., 1896-08-14

Hexibility. smoothness, stralghtness,
impenatrabilfty, brittleness. From
which sense, then, do we get the most?
Touch. What one thing do we get from
sight only? Color Yet / have seen
teachers trying to teach in object les
sons who never let the pupils touch
the object al all. As teachers ana as
parents we prevent a great deal OF ed
ucation by keeping things away from
children. Children learn by touch. Have
YOU seen a child put things into its
mouth? The sense of touch is very
acute in the lips"
Here the bell rang for the next class.
Mr.. Townsend, continuing the discus
sion of Monday, drew a figure from
Degarno on the board.
'.To most of you" he said, ''it prob
ably means nothing. An artist boasted
that with straight, a broken and a
curved line he could represent a soldier
and his dog entering an inn. What we
get from anything depends, we see,
upon apperceiving ideas.
ITO begin, then, with a single object
in teaching patriotism, with George
Washington: in multiplication of frac-
rule: with the mountain and the creek
in geography.
Mr.. Scott. continuing Greek educa-
ton, said Plato's idea was that man
had all the elements of real education
in itself. and the corollary naturally
was that there was no necessity for
studying nature. 1t has been said that
civilization was first theological, /. E.,
that there was a god behind the wind,
and another causing disease. Second,
metaphysical, l. e., from the mind Who'll
". Third, positive, j. e., that effects are
preceded by causes. Plato represents
the second stage, Aristotle the third.
Aristotle advanced science in every di-
rection, but for the purpose of making
a complete, reasonable man, and not
for mercenary ends. Today's lesson will
be Roman education.
Mr.. Townsend following, said:
I'VE can learn many things from the
Greeks For instance in physical cul-
ture. in beginning reading with real
literature, /. e., Homer.
In the evening DR.. Lyons, continuing
his course in geology, said:
I'VE aim rather to put you in the
way of learning hereafter than teaching
everything at once. The specimens we
have here are labeled with names. You
will. of course, not do this, at first any
how. but have your pupils classify by
what they can see.
@As volcanoes and lava are so much
in evidence here, this subject will be
one of the things early taught. An
easily discovera Bile fact about volcanoes
will be that they are seldom away from
the sea. The greater part are in what
is really a great circle running up along
the Andes, Rockies and down again
along the Japan Islands. 1 spoke before
of the wrinkling of the earth's crust
from the shrinking of the interior. This
breaks naturally at the crest. The Ha-
waiian Islands. for instance, are along
a crest from Chill to Japan.
aIn past ages, comparatively recent
geologically speaking, there have beer
notable eruptions covering immense
sections of country. An instance Of
this is the northwestern part of the
United States, covering the State OF
Washington and parts of neighborins
States with two or three thousand feet
of lava. Whence comes this immense
force? l remember once having to still
a kettle of soft soap to keep it iron
boiling over, and that unsuccessfully
The lava boils over in much the same
way. In certain places there are wha'
are called geysers, i. e., hole or pipe
say 800 feet deep, with water in it ant
heat at the bottom. The water above
keeps the water at the bottom from
forming steam until it gets very hot
Then little steam forms, pushes out {
little water; this lessons the pressure
and a great deal of steam is at once
formed, and the water above is throwI
forcibly up. Then there will be res
for a time The lava acts much in tn
same way.
THE volcanoes of these Islands ar
arranged in two somewhat curvin
iines-Mauna Kea, Kohala, Haleakela
Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, and then Maun
Kea. Hualalai, Kahoolawe, Lanai an
Niihau. These show the line of wrink
ling. At Kilauea there is so little vapo
that il does not make great eruption
but the lava simply overfows little
/ suppose the great volcanoes were bull
ND in this way. l saw Kilauea when tn
lava was 300 feet below the surface
Inside of two years it filled this up an
built up a cone 500 feet above the SUI
face, simply by overfowing. The
came collapse and the lava probabl
ran off under ground. To understan
this subject, read Dana's Hawaiian Vo
canoes In all your work look aroun
you and see what can be seen. You ca
see almost the whole subject illustrate
anywhere in the Islands-Telegrap
10 Hill. Diamond Head, etc.
ROY Following the lecture Mr.. Sanderso
uayas introduced as the representative
,nlaicourse of home study, the UniYersi
-sfAssociation of Chicago. This seen
ITO be modelled upon the Chautauql
II idea, but of more scientifis natuI
.s1tTHims to keep its patrons up to t
IoEfgffes in all subjects. The organ is
-nifnagazine called Progress. The fiji
-bipear1s course was in universal histoI
tstrhenext is TO be literature. Membe
nIssiip sand a years subscription to t
lsmagazine is 81.
,IlG JTheesocial for making acquaintanc
-tIana more especially for meeting ]
Dresslar, then took place. The progrf
s consisted largely of music and W