Little Falls weekly transcript. (Little Falls, Morrison Co., Minn.) 1894-19??, 1896-08-07

Is silver bullion at their bullion value.
Practically, from 1S40 till the suspe nsion OF
specie payments in 1861, we were, In re-
spect to circulation, entirely on gold
basls-silver no more entered into our cir
:culating medium than during the suspen-
sion of specie payment during the war.
The "crimes'' of 1884 and 1887 had, in
fact, demonetized silver. When the act of
1873 of which so much complaint has been
made, was passed, there was no silver In
circulation, no silver to demOnetize-the
was no silver being coined. In 1870 we re-
sumed specie payment-for the first time
since 1S61-but nearly one year before that
time, In February. 1873, under the so-called
Bland act, silver was remOnetized and made
a full legal tender for all purposes. except
where parties otherwise agreed. and It has
so remained ever since. BY this net the
government was directed to purchase ut its
market value silver bullion for not less
than two million, nor more than four million
dollars each month, and to coin the same
into legal tender dollars as fast as pur-
chaecd. From the silver purchased under
this law, there has been coined In all 31S,-
166. 1893 silver dollars, and the holders OF
the same, or of any Of our silver dollars,
may deposit the same In the treasury and
receive therefor silver certificates, which
circulate as money. In spite of this-exten-
slve purchase Of silver by the government
silver continued to deprcciate In value, and
the silver mining states, in consequence,
became very urgent and systematic advo-
Gates of the free and unlimited coinage Of
silver Mt the ratio Of 16 to 1. Their per-
sistency was rewarded by being reinforced
by the people Of the South and Southwest.
ern states. who, through free coinage,
thought they saw an easy road to acqutt
themselves; Of their obligations to the ,peo.
forces, with scattered help from various
quarters, became so strong that they came
near passing free coinage bill In 1880.
10 obvlatc this, as last resort, they op-
ponents Of free coinage Joined III enacting
q compromise measure, known as the Sher-
man law of July, 1890. BY this act the
treasure department was required to pur-
chase every month. at the; market price,
4,5OO,OOO ounces of silver bullion. and to
issue In payment therefor treasury notes
of the United States, payable in coin. which
notes were made legal tender for all pur-
poses, except where otherwise stipulated.
The treasury department was further re-
quired to coin the silver bullion thus pur-
chased into silver ut the rate of 2,0OO.OOO
ounces each month up till the first day OF
July, 1891. and thereafter only so much as
was required to redeem these treasury
notes. The purchasing clause Of the Bland
law was also repealed.
Parity of the Two Metals.
As II congress had an apprehension Of
silver recommendation this law, for the first
time, contained a mandate requiring the
parity Of the two metals to be maintained.
TO the unbiased thinker this law seems a
strange anomaly. 1t was In its substance
really a Populist subtreasury scheme. for
1t required the government every month,
without any regard to Its currency wants.
to purchase a large. fixed quantity of silver,
to coin some of it, to store end warehouse
the most Of it, and to issue notes or GER
0toS 20 n whnlo 0f If For n
short time it buoyed up the price, Of silver
bullion, but soon the bullion began to fall
again. and fell faster than ever. The own
ers of silver bullion and silver mines be-
came disappointed and soon became as
clamorous and urgent for free coinage rs
ever In the meantime silver imitation went
on. 16S ,G74, GS2 ounces Of silver bullion was
purchased at a cost of $155 1881 .OO2, or On
average Of 02.41 per ounce. making the
bullion value of the dollar 71.5 cents. or
this silver bullion about $47. 100000 have
been coined. and about $118,OOO.OOO remain
in the treasury uncoined, but represented
In our circulation by treasury notes. issued
under the act. g% ~ 7<%r r ~ aS., -
During the rebellion we issued something
like $45O.OOO.OOO OF treasury notes, COM
monty called greenbacks, legal tender,
but not then redeemable In coin. Shortly
after the resumption Of specie payment
the volume Of these notes was reduced to
since remained. At the time Of resumption
a fund Of something like $1OO,OOO,O00 In
gold had been accumulated for redemption
purposes, and 1t has been the aim OF the
treasury department ever since to keep
such a, fund on hand for the redemption of
our grcenbacks, which are required to be
reissued as soon as redeemed. O. @s, :
r This fund Is the O0,OOO,OOO gold re-
demption fund. of which. you have heard
so much of late, and is, aside from conf
dence In the government and the fact that
1t accepts silver In, payment of all govern
ment dnes. the main prop of our financial
system and is ready and willing to redeem
all our treasury notes in gold, and our
only immediate weapon for keeping our
silver and paper on a parity with gold.
Prior to 1903, as I have already stated,
this redemption fund was little disturbed.
and remained intact. But during the early
part of that year the great deficiency of
tinucd silver imitation. under the Sherman
law. led the financial world to doubt the
ability OF our government to maintain our
money system on parity with gold. The
Tear Of silver recommendation possessed the
business and financial world, and as re-
suit. through the fundamentally Of our
greenbacks. there was an undue and exces-
sive withdrawal of gold from the treasury.
and a great deal Of this gold. and much
other money with It. was Withdrawn from
circulation and business. and went into
hiding. People held their breath, 80 to
speak, to see whether their currency would
be scaled down to the level Of Mexico and
Japan. This was the monetary crisis and
currency famine of 1893. The situation
became 80 threatening that finally In No
vember Of that year congress. as q partial
relief and palliative, passed an act re-
pealing the compulsory silver purchasing
clause of the Sherman law and declaring
In favor Of b,:netallism and the maintenance
Of parity. This left our existing silver cur
rcncy undisturbed. the silver dollar legal
tender rs much as ever under the Bland
law and the government free to coin oil