The daily morning journal and courier., 1896-01-27

tent, without rebuke. His students
 card eXempts him from arrest by the
 civil authorities, and secures hlm ad- mittance at half price to concert ana
 theater. In fact, he maintains little
 sovereignty of his own, pleasing to the
 soul of the democratic American, as
 we'll as to that of the Teuton.
 But for the student who has a degree
 in view there is 8 grand reckoning
 ahead, for the conditions of degreeare not lenient. These conditions are, hrst, a thorough mastery of some depart
 ment of knowledge within the range Of
 academic instruction, then the writing
 of a thesis which shall be a contrlbu- ton to science and the passing of rig i'd oral examination, and finally the payment of seventy-five dollars. In the case of American students, thelthe- sis may, with the consent of the facuI- | ty to which it pertains, be in the Eng l fish language. The fulfilling of these conditions means to the average d. uate of an American college two years | of close. work.
 Until recently the student body of | Leipzig, unlike the Ottoman's heaven, consisted entirely of men, but now the | refreshing sight of an American or
 English girl shatters the traditions of l five hundred years, and even charms some of the more susceptible professors into recognizing their presence. They are not allowed to matriculate or to re- ceive degrees. If a woman wishes to attend the lectures she must call upon
 the professor and ask his permission.
 He will probably say: If you should attend my lectures would not see you Il shall not know you are there." Two young ladies, who studied here last year. paid the usual "chair rent GWelve cents), and at the end of the semester it was solemnly returned to them with the information that the un- iversity could not recognize the use of its chairs by women. The acceptance of that twelve cents would have been a fatal step in the eyes of the German of- ficials, for it would have bought admis- sion to German universities for women of this and future generations, The
 professor does not "see'' the women in
 his lecture room. Whether they do not
 make any impression upon his retina, or whether his optic nerve refuses to carry the intelligence to his brain, or whether his brain refuses to receive the | terrible truth, might puzzle one of their own number to determine. There are some twenty young women doing time
 here this semester, having, of course
 no status as members of the university.
 If the professor sees fit he can sign a statement to the effect that they have I heard his lectures.
 1 Dueling is forbidden in Leipzig, and the young men go to Halle, a half hour ! distant, to indulge this phase of stu | dent life, returning with their left cheeks scanned and latticed with court 1 plaster and cotton. The sears are
 proudly worn as badges of intrepidity, although they are often hideous disfig-
 urements. It is grewsome sight to sit on the left side of a lecture-roonl, and see the faces of some hundred young men scared like those of the veterans l of many campaigns. I have counted as many as fourteen scars on a students | face, from chin to forehead. They do | not allow the wounds to heal quickly, and even reopen them to insure good scar. Dueling is nominally forbidden
 
 | it, and sometimes even attend the du- | els. Of course 1t is necessary to make ! periodical raid, and at such times, the l police, having given due warning, de- scend gradually--very gradually, in- | deed-upon the dueling quarters; the students quietly decamp, but, that the | law may be vindicated, they leave an | old sword or a roll of cotton to be con- | fiscated. The students go to Halle once a week, and from sixteen to twenty
 duels take place there each time. My l observation has been that the German l duel is slightly more dangerous than l the German shave.
 | A students expenses are much less here than in any of the larger Ameri- can colleges. There are several reasons | for this. The lecture fees, for three lec- | lures a day, amount to only one-third 1 of the yearly tuition at Harvard. Board and lodging cost from fifteen to twenty-five dollars a month. Inciden- tals are much cheaper, while the ab- sence of classes and cliques relieves the student of an item which is sometimes considerable at home
 It is impossible to compare the Ger man university with the American col Ilege--they do not undertake like task. Their aim, their means, and their mate rial are entirely different. If the | American student has an education to | finish he can profit immensely in new ideas and new methods by a few months association with German | scholars; but the work can in no wise | be substituted for our undergraduate work. The German object is to train thinkers. Cold. clear intellect is their material. They are not nurseries for the formative period of youth Their 1 influence is moral only in so far as sci- l ence and art are moral. Their mission | is with the intellect alone. The stu dents do not feel that they are wards | of the faculty. If they are sometimes | boisterous in their amusements they | generally maintain the dignity of the linstitution to which they belong. Their | respect for learning amounts to a reli- 1 zion. An able professor draws hearers from all over the German empire and ' even from beyond the German ocean. | Thus the stream of student life sets in
 now toward Gottingen and again to-
 ward Heidelberg, according as a new
 voice is heard or more persuasive elo- | quence proceeds from a certain chair | Accordingly the student of economics l hears from Schonberg at Tubingen, 1 Schmoller at Berlin, and, finally, Bu- | cher at Leipzig.
 In fact it is the habit of the German