davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14
THE cocA,NEAL DYE.
Row tho Little Insects Are Gathered and
PreOarod For Use.

How the Little Insects Are Gathered and
Prepared For Use.
The history of the cochineal insect
was for a long time very obscure, and
ut ono time the species employed in
commerce was considered kind Of
grain 1t was not until near the close Of
the seventeenth century that it was dis
covered to be Of insect origin. The in
sect is a native of Mexico, where it was
raised by the Mexican Indians long be-.
fore the country was discovered by tho
of the West India islands and III few
Of our western states, but it is in Mex.
leo only that it is raised in sufficient
quantities to form an article Of com
mcrce. The insect is raised on the ccch-
meal tree, or Indian fig or nopal. which
is species Of cactus.
The cochineal is first collected about
the middle Of December. The insects
are removed from the tree with a knife,
the edge Of which has been blunted, or
are carefully brushed off with a SPUR
rel tail. This labor is performed ty the
women The insects are usually killed
by the application Of heat, by baking in
ovens or by the heat CT the sun.
When the cochincal arrives i'll the
market. it is in the form Of q small
grain, having convex and concavc
side, but with very little resemblance
to the body If an insect. 1t is used for
dycing crimson and scarlet and for
making carl.linc. CccLincal alone yields
purple color, which, when mixed with
solution of tin in nitromuriatic acid,
may be changed to a most beautiful
scarlet. The discovery is said to have
been made in this wise:
A man who was making thcrmome-
ter placed in his window All extract OF
cochincal made with boiling water, and
in some way vial containing nitro
muriatic acid was broken over it. This
acid changed the purple dye into most
beautiful dark red, and by experiments
this man soon found that the tin dis
solved in the acid caused the change Of
color. An ingenious dyer at Leyden,
Holland. bought the discovery to per
lection. THE secret afterward became
known, and /. large dycing establish
ment was erected in Paris. This acci
dent occurred 500 years ago.-?rovl
dence Journal.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14
THE WOMAN IN COURT.
A Dangerous Witness and q Two Edged
Sword on Cross Examination.

A Dangerous Witness and Two Edged
Sword on Cross Examination.
There is an agreement among law
gers not to put Il woman on the witness
stand if it can be avoided.
II always subpoena women" says a
lawyer of experience. ut keeps them
harmless, but I never use them unless
my case is desperate. A lawyer press
ed for reasons preserves an impersonal
attitude by retiring behind the law. 1t
is sad but long established fact, it
seems, that the law when it forbids q
wife tcstifying in her husbands favor
intimates her inability to speak the
truth, for, doubtless, some personal rca-
son she may fib against him on oath if
she will With the best intentions in
the world, woman will state conclu-
sions instead Of facts. Her mental tend
ency is TO form some preconceived thco-
~, and rhe facts are uncOnsclOusly
twisted to support it.
In consequence Of these mental lido
syncrasics women witnesses arc care
f..lly "prep:red. After lawyer has
eliminated the ~ saids" and "he saids
from her narrative and has ruthlessly
brought her personal importance to the
matters she has testified to to the least
apprcciablc quantity and has endcavor-
ed to throw into relief the facts of i'm
port:ncc to his side, he folds his hands,
1 closes his eyes and tries to realize then
and there all his stock Of faith.
"Lct ne give you my dying advice, "
said Rufus Choatc. "Nevcr cross exam.
inc woman. They cannot disintegrate
| the story they have once told. They
cannot eliminate the fact that is fo1
you frcm that which is against you
They 20 fer the whole thing, and thu
moment you begin to cross examine ont
CT them, instead CT being bitten by on
rattlesnake, you are bitten by who'll
barrclful. never, except in u case alb
solutc]y desperate, Cross examine ;
woman.
Judge Barrett has given these rule
for cross examination:
"First. Never ask question c
which the answer might harm you.
"SccCnd.-Ncvcr cross examine an,
witness over ten minutes.
"Third. cross examine won
an.''
There is q whiplash to a woman
speech that Will crack through the curt
est cross examination.
"Did Tic defendant give you this UNI
brclla?''
Eyes. but paid for ii. - ..
Speeches CT this SORT, that any nimbl
wilted woman can toss from the tip C
Ecr tongue, make lawyers modest ar
judges shy. These arc advantages he
fore the law rot lightly to be relirquisl
eG.-San Francisco Examiner
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14
The Mandan Pioneer prints the follow

The Mandan Pioneer prints the follow.
ng "A comm. from 4 prominent Lad,
pendent Democrat on the west side: The
biggest farce of the campaign was the
putting in of that man Klienoyel as
chairman of tbs Democratic State Com
mittte. He has had absolutely no exper-
lence even as a member Of u committee
been found for the place If Il small tnnthetl
comb had been used t" rak" over the
State. The party ought to lose when it
puts up slch a MN rs charm of its
committee. the Republicans put up one
ct tine best business men in the State
ana the result is largely to be attributed
to difference III the committeeman.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14

The fox had jumped and jumped
and jumped. he sat down with lis
tongue hanging out and eyed the unat-
tainable grapes with we'll assumed air
Of indifference.
''Dear me!' he remarked airi1y.
"Hcw careless CT me not to notice that
they were not edible grapes, but good
only to make into table d'hote wine. -
indianapolis Journal
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14

w. f. Mansfield is-as wa predicted =
large majority. AIR, Mansfield was nom
mated by the penple-and not Il self nom
mated candidate. Tho people of the 29th
election of 80 worthy successor to Sen
ator Gregory as w. f. Mansfield.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14
wouldn't GRITTY Thorn.

Mr.. Bangs-Don't you think we'd
better pull down the parlor shades? We
shall't be home for ten days, you know.
Mrs. Bangs-No, indeed. If we put
the shades down, half the women in
town whom know will hustle up here
and leave their cards. I'm not going to
crafty them in any such way.-Cleve-
land Plain Dealer.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14
Fateful.

Mr.. Hardlot-One thing, our son
John can never bore his wife by telling
her what fine cock his mother was.
Mrs. hurulot-What do you mean?
Mr.. iialtllol-He can never forget
that his OH. father died from dyspepsia.
kansas City Star.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14

Mnot Reporter: At the honr of going
10 press Major Murphy aud l.. s. Foot
claim to have been elected representative
from this district.
Standing Candidates claims are nil, but
there is nothing to prevent his contestlng
Mr. FoOt's claims if he wants to and
can stand the expense. Foot is elected
representative from this district.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14
5GoTGVU1i7 IN l.i.o:
Sir Robert BALL SpecuIateS Upon the Pos
sibiiities of Such Experience.

Conceive that u traveller were endow-
cd with some means of soaring aloft for
miles ard thousands Of miles, still up
and up, until at length he had attained
the awful height of nearly $50, 600
miles above the ground. suggests Sir
Robert Ball in his ''Stcry Of the Hcuv-
ens'' CHANGING down at tic surface ct
that earth, which is at such a stupen-
dous depth beneath, he would be able to
see wonderful birdseye view
He would lose, 10 doubt, the details
Of towns and villages. The features Ill
such landscape would be whole CONT
nents and whcle oceans, i'll so far as the
openings kc:wcrn the clouds would per-
NIT the cart this surface 10 be exposed.
At this stupcIdous elevation he could
try one Of the most interesting expert
ments that was ever in tie power of a
philosopher. He could test whether the
earth's attraction was felt at such a
height, and he could measure the
amount of that attraction. Take for the
experiment u cork, u marble. or any
other object, large or small. Hold it be-
tween the fingers and let 60 Every one
knows what would happen i'll such a
case down here, but it required Sir
Isaac Newton to tell what would hap
pen in such case up there. Newton as
serts that the power CT the earth to at.
tract bodies extends even to this great
height, and that the marble will fall.
This is the doctrine that we can now
test.
We are ready for the experiment.
The marble is released, and 10! our
first exclamation is one CT wonder. In
stead Of dropping instantly, the little
object appears to remain suspended.
We are OH the point of exclaiming that
we must have gone beyond the earth g
attraction, and that Newton is wrong,
when our attention is arrested. The
marble is beginning to move, SO slowly
that ut first we have to watch it closely
But the pace gradually improves, so
that the attraction is beyond all doubt,
until gradually acquiring more and
more velocity the marble speeds on its
long journey of 100000 miles to the
earth.
Any citizen Of the United States may
file in the patent Office claim to par
tial invention. stating that he has not
yet completed itand praying protection
mil he stall have had time to bring it
10 pllEt&t1f,,"
'lhr Ssrc4r II 5n0nets was establish.
I'll w. James / In 1911. This title is
found in. no country Of the continent,
.-:,k;,,r, o,,1x, -, tho Rrifieh 1Omini0nS
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14
E. {. MORRIS,
- DEALER IN =
BOOTS and SHOES,

CORNER FOURTH AND MAIN STREETS
BISMARCK. NOR. OAK.
This new store has been opened with
one Of the finest and fullest stocks of
Boots and Shoes ever brought to the CAPT
tai CITY. and the Goods will be sold at the
lowest oossibl margin of profit. A share
of tho patronage of the people of
Mclean County is respectfully solicited.
1 will pay prompt andscareful attention
O Mail Orders. E. T.. NORRIS.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14
Bismarck 6 Washburn
DAILY STAGE LINE.

The stage leaves Bi:marck, and Wash
burn every morning at O'Clock II. m, ex'
CIT sunCuy. CO; che E provided with sub
stantial covering. COED seats, &C., for con
venlence OF lass'n els no VII e cal
ried at reasonable rates. Special rate
or heavy express.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14

Vie S.rci4, II Iiu0nefs was establish
I'll W James / In 1911. This title is
found in. no country Of the continent,
existing only in the British dominions.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1896-11-14

sunscn.ri on rKl, e. 81 PER YEAR.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-11

pink roses and an abundance of foliage.
A pleasing bonnet for matron is black,
with rosettes formed of loops of the new
satin straw. Lace edged lisse fans start
from handsome jet ornament, and the
osprey at tho side is accompanied by
two outstanding quilts at the back.
The only very noticeable change in
outline in the newest gowns is seen in
the sleeves, which are beginning to fol-
low the contour of the arms again. The
return of the balayeuse and the rumor
that the skirts of walking dresses are
to be shortened are indications that the
fullness is to be diminished Mt no dis
tant day. Ruches of silk are now placed
on the inside of the handsome street
dresses, and evening gowns show ruffles
of lace and chiffon, us u balayeuse, to
keep the skirt out from the bottom.
White gowns are being much worn for
informal as well as dressy occasions,
and these are properly accompanied by
white hats, shoes and parasols.
Dress trimmings include embroideries
of almost every description, and rides
cent beads play conspicuous part in
the mixtures. Paillettes and jewels of
some sort appear ON almost everything
hats, bonncts, gowns and capes alike
Gorgeous buttons and fancy braids carry
out the scheme Of decoration still fur
Their. The variety in bodice trimming
is beyond any complete description, for
new ideas and combinations are con-
stantly appearing.
The newest skirts are, many of them,
trimmed, some with fiat bands of velvet,
silk or lace. Ruches of all sorts are
used for dress trimmings, and they are
made Of lace, net, chiffon or silk in
various widths, to suit their purpose.
Tiny ruches of silk or lace outline the
skirt seams, and wider ruches trim the
bottom, finish tho sleeve epaulets and
adorn many little cape
Silk canvas is favorite dress ma.
terial. So is foulard silk, which this
summer takes the place of china silk.
There is an infinite variety of all sorts
of little turnover collars and cuffs Of
linen batiste and lace
Blouses and bodices are exceptionally
attractive. Nothing could be more styl-
ish than smart blouse in heliotrope
china silk, zouave shape, and trimmed
with fine cream colored lace applique.
The lisse front was tucked and enhanced
with an insertion of lace.
Equally attractive was q blouse in
the new silver lawn, with bands of
open applique work showing mauve
satin underneath. There were turnover
collar and satin neckband and waist
band.
A dressy fete or dinner bodice in pink
crepe de chine had pelerine of butter
color lace made of insertion, run with
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1896-07-11
A VISTA OF FASHION.
LATEST IN SUMNER BoNNETS AND
GOWNS.

Medium Sized Hats with Harmonious Col
oring Preferred by Women Of Taste--No-
ticeabie Change In Outlines of Sleeve.
Trimmed skirts-Fancy BIouses.
A feature Of the newest millinery is
an increasing harmony Of colors. Flow
er hats are still the rage, and MS the sea-
son advances the artificial ones simu-
late natures blossoms by being season
able as we'll as clever copies. Aigrets
are large and come in all colors Fan
shaped ends of lace are arranged to give
the effect of height. All hats are tilted
well over the eyes, and even bonnets are
worn we'll forward. This requires
careful arrangement of the hair at the
back Jeweled quilts are very effective,
and paradise plumes are gaining in
popularity. Middle aged women wear
low crowned, medium sized brims, in
shades of green straw, trimmed with
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1896-10-18

trees and s~hrubbery were attacked for
souvenirs. Then a raid was made on the
eornfield- First to go was the sweet corn.
which the General had hoped to have for
table use. Then followed the common field
variety as it matured. Sticks and stones
We're carried away, and pieces of the fences
ana buildings even were taken. one
OF the most popular relies with visitors was
an apple from the Garfield orchard. APP
plies were very plentiful that year, and
General Garfield had an orchard of trees
well laden with fruit. Every apple he had
was carried off by his visitors, and | VEN
ture TO say that there are in the land, kept
as precious mementoS of that campaign,
thousands upon thousands of dried and
withered apples stuck full of cloves TO
preserve them. The owners OF these relics
do not know that most OF them did not
grow on the Garfield place. The neighbor,
OF the General had to come to his rescue
from the invading army of petty thieves,
and they found a way to help him when
they learned that the visitors had turned
their attention to the orchard. Every night
the ~neighbors would drive around to the
Generals orchard and dump wagon load
on wagon lo9d of apples beneath his treee-
1t did not seem TO matter to the relic hunt
erS that there was a dozen different va
rieties of apples under one tree and that
none of them was the sort the tree pro-
duced. They grabbed at the chance to get
an apple and takeit away as a reminder Of
the visit. BY sailing the Garfield place
with relics the Generals neighbors and
friends think they prevented his. house
from being carried away pieccnaeal.'
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1896-10-18

him for a tutor the French litterateur. La
Harpe, and that in his manners and views
or life he was a Erenchman OF the ancfen
regime. But he personified the mutilation
ana abaSement of France, and MS ARRIVAL
In France portended the restoration or a
rated dynasty, sure to be hostile in spirit,
If not in act, to the free institutions
which. for two preceding decades, had as
sured prosperity and progress. Amid such
dismal associations the Car Alexander
could not hope for anything but perfume
tory respect and purchaSable plauditS, and
IL must have been brought home to him in
a hundred diSagreeable ways. that TO the
mass of the ParisianS he was a most un-
welcome visitant.
1t was in 1867 that Alexander II, the
grandfather of the present Gar, crossed
Europe to witness the great exposition of
that year, in which the prestige of the sec
ond empire seemed to eliminate, so far as
superficial splendor went. In the career OF
the flluStrious sight-seer there had been at
the emotional Parisians to view him with
admiration and esteem. Only q few years
mad passed since, by a stroke of the pen.
the Russian Emperor had emancipated over
twenty million of Serfs, and had generous
~ ndoWed them with the lands which they
mad previously titled for others; a reform
which, as regards the unselfishncss of the
motives prompting it and the colossal scope
OF It's benehcence, has never been eQualed
on the earth. Almost simultaneously. how
ever. with the memorable deliVerance of
the. Russian peasantry from servitude. had
broken out the last Polish inSurrection,
literally drowned in blood. The hearts of
many Frenchmen had been wrung by the
tate of those combatants for liberty, and
the anxious efforts of Napoleon III to
shield his friend from ~nnoyanc could not
altogether repreSS the utterance of reproach
ana lmprecation, or prevent Ct young law
student from shouting ''Vive la Pologne,
Sire in the startled ear of the imperial
guest
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1896-10-18
CURIOUS TURKISH COURTESY.
when n Lady Appears Every ChiyaI-
rOus Gentleman Turns His Back.
Times.

Philadelphia Times.
On the B~osphorus their caiques are a
great resource to the Turkish ladies, but
in Pera those of the upper classes can only
go out in closed carriages to the Sweet
Waters, occasionally accompanied by their
husbands on horseback. But they NAV
speak to no one while driving; their own
husbands and sons cannot speak to them
while they pass. and no one would venture
to say a word to his own wife or mother
when the carriage pulls up-the police
would at once interfere. The highest mark
of respect is to turn your back on a Iadv
ard this is de riguer when any member of
the imperial harem passes.
We were drinking coffee one day at the
Sweet Waters. in that part of which flows
by the grounds of a country palace of the
Sultan. All at once Sadik Bey Jumped up
and ran behind a tree. with his back to
the Sweet Waters. Two or three closed car
riages of the imperial harem were passing
along the road in the gardens on the other
side of the river, the blinds so far drawn
down that it was impossible to see if anv-
che was inside, and yet all along our side
we saw Turks, whether officers or civilians
going through the same absurd ceremony
and only when the carriages were ont of
sight did they return to their coffee For
merly Il man never saw the face of his in
tended until after the marriage ceremony
when they withdrew into a room and tbe
veil was lifted for the first time. Now II IL
generally contrived that the bridegroom
elect shall see his future wife for a no
ment unveiled.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1896-10-18
GEARS IN PARIS.
The Visits of Peter the Great and
Alexander / and III.

New York SUM-.
When Peter / came to Paris in 171s he had
been the sole ruler of Russia for about
twenty years. He was already surnamed
The Great" for he was known to have in
PRODUCED s ome features of high civilization
in q country which was centuries behind
Western Europe, to have laid the founda-
tons of ST. Petersburg, to have built a
navy, to have organized an army on the
latest models, and to have beaten at Pol
tava Charles XII of Sweden, one Of the
greatest generals of the day. But in spite
of the genius which he undoubtedly pos
sessed, and of the almost pathetic dill
genoe with which he strove to initiate the
usages of the West. Peter was still, in his
habits and manners, only Il half reclaimed
barbarian. and he was accompanied by his
second wife, the coarse Livonian peasant
girl. who is known to history as Catherine
l.. The chronicles of the time recount the
sensation produced at the court OF the Re-
gent Orleans by the astounding lack of re
fnement. and even or personal cleanliness
evinced by this illustrious Gear: indeed,
some of the incidents recorded recall the
stories told in our own time regarding the
behavior of the Shah and his suite in Buck
ingham Palace. Every night would the
great Muscovite and his spouse get drunk
together. and every morning they would
BIZ found sleeping off their pouations on the
floor, which they regarded with less sus-
picion than the bed. In the streets they
were chased and beset by the eager-eyed
and it entered not the head Of the widest
dreamer TO imagine that a successor of that
royal boor would one day be acclaimed
With rapture as the savior and champion of
France.
Alexander I, with the allied armies. en-
tered Paris in the spring of 1914. just before
the first abdication of Napoleon, and again.
the next year. after Waterloo. There were
reasons why. under happier conditions, he
might have been sympathetic to Parisians.
His commanding presence, his culture, his
refinement, his magnaEimity and his ur-
banity made a deep impression upon those
who were not inflexibly opposed TO him in
politics. 1t was known, besides, that his
grandmother Catherine IL, who, in all her
tastes. was a French woman. had given