The daily morning journal and courier., 1896-10-19

sired, and I hope satisfactory. In testi- mony whereof have subscribed my name, EDW. WIIALlLEY.
 The letter from Cromwell to which 1 Whalley refers is as follows:-For my beloved cousin, Colonel Whalley at Hampton court There are rumors abroad of some intended attempt on his majesty's person. Therefore I pray have care of your guards. If any such thing should be done 1t would be accounted a most horrid act"
 Yours, OLIVER CROMWELL
 After the escape of the king the fol- | lowing note was found on his table:
 Hampton Court, Nov ii, 164S Colonel Whalley:
 l have been so civilly used by you and Major Huntington that cannot but by this parting farewell aclInowl- edge it under my hand; as alsa to de- sire the continuance of your courtesy, by you protecting of my moveables, &c., So being confident that you wish my preservation and restitution I rest your friend CHARLES
 P. S.'-I assure you 1t was not the let ter you showed me yesterday that made me take this resolution, but l confess that am 10th to be made a close prisoner under pretense of secur- ing my life.
 After much hesitation tine king sought refuge at Carisrook Castle in the Isle of Wight then held blythe Par liament.
 More than a year was here wasted in fruitless attempts to find some common ground of agreement satisfactory alike I tn ha ne ba a n army. Concessions were offered by the former which were sometimes pro- nounced satisfactory as preliminary to a treaty and sometimes declared to be unsatisfactory. as the two parties of Presbyterians and Independents, now nearly equal in number, prevailed. At length, although the king under his own hand had previously offered to unite with the Independents in roofing out of the Kingdom the tyrannical gov ernment of Presbytery, a secret com pact was made between him and the Scotch commissioners by which
 the former agreed to accept
 the covenant for 8 limited peri cd as the established religion of Eng land, reserving, however, to himself
 the use of the old liturgical worship By this agreement those who dissented from prosecuting church by whatever name called those who had fought and conquered in a hundred engagements
 contending for absolute freedom of worship were to be left to the mercy of
 those who viewed with horror all dis
 sent from a church established by law
 conformity with which was to be en- forced by civil penalties. The crisis
 had at last arrived. After long deiibe-
 ration among the leaders of the army,
 not wanting in fervent appeals to the
 Almighty for guidance, in which Goffe,
 then major was prominent, the con-
 clusion was reached that the only
 choice left them was between the
 kings life and theirs. They had not
 shed their blood to see one kind of ec-
 clesiastical tyranny substituted for an
 other. Their only safety lay in bring
 ing the greatest offender to justice, not by secret murder but by an open trial
 conducted with the order and decorum proper to a high court of justice. The
 whole procedure was without prece-
 dent was illegal and revolutionary, but
 what other choice was left them. The
 details of the trial and it's result in the
 execution of the king, are too widely known to need repetition.
 The king indeed was now dead but , the kingly office still remained sacred by historical tradition and by the con- victions of majority of Englishmen. It may be doubted whether more than
 quarter of the entire population were in intelligent sympathy with the views of the triumphant army; but the appeal
 had been made to the sword and by it | England must abide.
 To whom then should the allegiance 1, of the royalists be transferred? Charles the second the eldest son of
 the beheaded monarch. was the natural heir of the crowns both of England and Scotland, but in England the royal cause was helpless: in Scotland the de- scendant of a line of sovereigns run : ming back until lost in the obscurity of
 remote tradition, only needed agree lnent with his covenanting countrymen to be hailed as their sovereign by high lander and lowlander alike. The one condition on which he would be re- ceived by the Presbyterian covenanters as their monarch required of him con- ditions the most humiliating. Know
 ing as we now know the life he lived and the death he died, it is easy to inn agine the utter disgust with which he : finally agreed to purchase the crown. : He was required to sign and seal under . oath, as preliminary to his being
 crowned that he gave thanks for the . merciful dispensation of Providence by which he was rescued from the snare of evil council, that he had attained g. full persuasion of the righteousness of the covenant and was induced to cast him self and his interests upon God: that he desired to be deeply humillated In spir- it because of his fathers following wicked measures, opposing the cove nant and shedding the blood of Gods
 people throughout all his dominion, and that he regretted the idolatry of his 5 mother and the toleration of it in his 2 fathers house.
 . The renewed civil war between the . covenanted king and the triumphant
 army of the commonwealth was of \, | short duration. At Dunbar, near Edin- burgh less than ten thousand English , men met twice their number of the Scottish army. where three thousand of
 the latter were slain, ten thousand talk
 en prisoners with inconsderable loss to 5 the victors. In this battle Colonel l Goffe, up to this time known only as a