davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1896-08-01

If Senator Baker finds being United
States senator SO distasteful as he says
in his interviews, it might be suggested
that his annoyances can be stopped by
himself at any time
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1896-08-01

Those persons who are now travelling
to the north pole in balloon have
millions of envious green eyes turned
toward them.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1896-08-01

The heavens are not to be outdone by
terrestrial events and the lightning it
appears has got in few bolts in Ohio
and Pennsylvania.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1896-08-01

Instead of funeral the Vanderbilt
family had a wedding.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1896-08-01

The seeds Of discomfort seem to have
given the New York papers a bad case
of appendicitis.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1896-08-01

If finance isn't the issue perhaps the
real question is the Venezuelan bound
airy line.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1896-08-01
CIRCULATION STATEMENT

IotaIs- ...........2 s2. S95 2S4, $50 2s2. S75
Sunday; no issue.
The total number of COMES rrir+o,7 A..
the six months named above 40 $40
divided by 1856, the number ~ fs.,ses 9'
shows the average to be 10 SOS r1bfe =
correct report of the issues ~ az
TOPEKA DAILY STATE TOTffSNr l .T
Tor the six months as stated.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-17

dlctive and t%aciturn. but make most sturdy.
capable. fearless sailors, especially when
drafted In the Russian navy and taught the
right why.
THE
The Lithuanians are such an ancient people
that, according TO the linguists. their tongue
is the nearest Of all others 70 the SanscriJ,
that Tevered ancestor of all the Indo- Euro
pean languages. They are related to the Let's.
the Yetviagy. and the Ymoodins; the two
latter tribes. however,. are almost extinct.
The Lithuanian settlements extend along the
Nieman and deep into the primitive forests
for which that locality IL celebrated It is there
that is the enowned Bieloveiskaya Pooscha,
favorite hunting ground of tn. Russian i'm
perial family. also celebrated for tie variety
OF its vegetation. no less than 1905 different
plants being found within its limits. Set
tied in these woods. the Lithuanians were hunt
ers and ishefmen-brave as lions. and as free
Germans, the Poles. and the Russians alike.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-17

hin out for the sou. OF Gar John w, BROUGHT
crown the Pretender Gear OF Russia. AND N
implaht lorcibly Ioman Catholicism amid the
Russian. people. From the contamination OF
such 4 dire fate Russia was saved by the horOlc
Interference and mastery leadership OF Two
valiant Great Russians, .Mtnin and Irlnce
Polarsky, who drove the Polish garrison out
OF Moscow. " was after this terrible expert
representative council. the .Hemsky S9por'
and In the year 1913 eleoted q simple rus
sian nobleman. Michael Feodorqvitch NO.
manof. to no Hereditary Cznr OF Russia. in:
stalled him on the throne. and finally expelled
the Poles from Moscow. soon, after Little
Russia separated itself from Poland, md un.
der Bogdnn Hmelnitzky Joined the Musco-
wife kingdom, while the Turks began TO press
Poland very hard from the south.
Poland was STRUGGLING against heavy Odds
when there occurred Internal dissensions over
the election Of a king. Part Of the people
wanted to bring over a foreign prince, while
others. were for n king elected from the ma.
tives. Foreign gold and the Russian army,
in the reign OF Catherine the Great, imposed
king and. ruler. War against Russia fol-
lowed. and this exhausted Poland thorouahly.
The first partition OF Poland between the three
large nowers-Austrin, Prussia, and Russia
took. place In l7T2,. the second in 1903, and
the last In IDA. IA. mn outcome OF this last
partition, the rart of Poland that was given
to Russia was shaped Into tho kingdom OF
andcr the First left to Poland its former mode s
Of elf.government. and It's national Parlla-
mcnt, called the Seym. But the proud Poles
would not rest satisfied under Russian rulc.
They rose In revolt In 1880. but that revolt
was suppressed In the year 1891. Again they
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-17

The Little Russians did not suffer much
from the Tartar invasion; they fought some
battles with the invaders, but the Inter did
not settle among them, Tho real and bitter
like thonselves-the Poles who invaded the
beautiful lkraina, pet thor yoke over tho neo-
pie. and oppressed them numerically, intent
AS they were on making them r"nOunce Il cir
allegiance 10 the Russian Church and embrace
Roman Catholicism.
Later ON the Little Russians ,shook, OF the
Polish dominion, but not tho yoke Of tho cruel,
overbeariae Polish arisIOcracy. Tho hi:gest
landed estates in the Ukr-!un belonged to
naughty Polish Catholic pr0prietors. who con-
stderul tho Little Russian and treated them
little better than the dirt under their feet.
by Car Alexander the second, .Stil tho ha-
tied If the Little Russian for the Poles even to-
day is as vivid uS ever. To be sure there IA no
love lost either between The Little Russian or
the German settlers Of the ~lOrality, WHO arc
terribly wuned IN and Arc forever boosting Of
tie Russian heartily desplscS the Jews who
swarm about The UErainu md White Russia,
netting as money lenders, aud middiemen, and
travelling NJ harvest times from ono village
TO the other ON their carts, heavily loaded wl'h
bottles and barrol+ of liquor that they induce
the villagers to drink, or take and exchange
for the %lattNr's newly gathered grain.
The Little Russian Is the very nntlthrsis
OF the Hebrew in his tastes and dctlings;
he Is, likewise, very. superior in his ethi-
cal conceptions u tbs average shrewd and
smart treat RUSSIAN. The Little Russian
thief in his language; treUsgressors In this
sides, he IL serenely Indifferent 10 gain and
despises ira ling; the only trade he ever Az
knUWledges Ii tho 'tChumRtChestvo set
ting out a train OF a hundred or 80 creaky
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-17

men OF the army, navy, and the reserves, who
are mostly tillers OF the soil temporarily with
draw from their occupation.
A vet there Ia no industrial proletarint IN
Russia. All over Great Russia, and In, many
other pnrts, all peasants are members OF the viii
iaQe commune that owns the lands In 'om-
mon. These lands are periodically npppr-
TONED among all tho tlllers of the soil In the
Village. However, mons OF them can dispose
OF a foot Of ground Of the. communal landa:
and IL Is on tits, his part. of the common land,
TINT the peasant falls back when he has
no lnnd that he owns In his own RIGHT. The
winters being very long. and the money re-
turns from the land totally insufficient to
meet the taxes. enormous numbers of peasant
mon 70 ont to the cities and ply the trades OF
drivers. carpenters, painters, masons. and 80
forth, managing In this way to SEQ something
OF the outside world and to scrnpe the money
for the taxes. In other localities OF the coun-
try the subdivisions being called 'eovern-
msnts," corresponding to n State with. US,
of whole villages devote them
selves to n certain line OF manufacture estab-
llshed by their fathers before them. In one
village they are all makers OF w~oodenware;
In another. painters of Images of saints. ON
wood, or silversmtths, or wcavers, or makers
OF curious things out OF the bark OF trees. IL
Is hard to enumerato the various thinRa they
turn out. and that with no other assistance
than their own hands. BY no means all grown
know how to read and write; stil
IL In q fact that education has made gigantic
progress in Russia Of late years. the educated
classes OF the Russian people making strenu-
Gus efforts to foster II. The cause Is not n lit
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-17

revolted In the sixties. and then their revolt
was put down with very harsh measures; Every
fstS In to st the 'hi hatsd sGnissssiissn q rule no' IS further
complicated by the fact that the %craftiest and
and the Catholic clergy. Besides, the Poles are
there is no such violent hatred as among near
relations.
most, they reg ard their former foes with in
difference. although with never abating. dis
trust. while the Poles constantly fume at the
ton OF the free use OF the Polish language in
their country by the 90, Russian ssinn gov Pa{iSi al 81.
trigue that would put Russia at a dlsadvan-
tage in her foreign relations:
Apart from this danger Russia's iron rule
over Poland Is fortified Ivy the consideration
that the Russian authorities have TO shield the
rural and poorer classes inhabiting P.land
tocraey, which really is Of different blood from
the cC HI,s PeSople' and nd shows tSS p iittle I nab;li,v
descends from the sarmates a naughty. ari--
~tocratic race that had conquered the agricul-
tural Slavic people called the Liakhs' And nnd set
the inyadc rs have merged IN the local popuIa:
the frequency OF intercourse with it implanted
tho spirit of~feudalism in Poland that dug an
abyss between the higher classes and the lower
there. while feudalism never found its way
into Russia proper, where the great mass OF the
nobility was of the same blood and of the same
religion as the lower classes, a fact that
made itself always Felt on both sides, greatly
inducing mutual understanding. The Polish
aristocracy differs essentially from the COM
mon people. even in looks; they have more
clearly cut features and expressive faces; their
women are very handsome. accomplished.
The land settled by the Poles and extending
from the spurs OF the Karpathian Mountains
To the Baltic Sea mas been the great highway
over which passed n number of tribes and peo-
pies In the course of the great, Reconsideration
OF nations that continued for the whole or the
500 last years of the dominion of Rome. Hence
the Savans hold the Poles to be Of n very mixed
race indeed. and suppose. that in those parts
many different natioualities have merged into
one that had adopcd the language and the
civilization OF the one that was the higher de-
ycloped, and that proved to he the Polish one.
The Poles do not like the purity OF their
Slavic extraction to, be questioned: $ ~; even
eral groups of nationalities amid the local
population, namely. the Mazoory. the purest
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-17

cnlity. oppressed by the naughty Poles, and
Etli ro Etrade by Of the that h Dsrt of th Sh Sou a9iS II, int sh shr
hands, and offer every inducement to the poor
villagers to run into debt to them, and get all
the liquor they want free. on promises to pay
ut harvest time the time Of all others when
there Is least money IN the rural districts and
The lot Of the White Russians is miserable in
deed. a condition vOuched for by their very ap-
Pe"rH99ce e, VI They :, are are t small ,o of ,S Ssa'a aIto,g6 ,iSsT
faded, and prematurely aged, with a very scant
growth of beard; They eat very poor stun.
ing. although they still follow the general rule
of the Russian peasants and take steam baths.
oFi the not other eSST par TsF * Russia es "H ;l Having Sina:% a pre pdfiEisco
ton for wearing long hair. they are frequently
suffering from, a very painful and disgusting
with blood and hOpelcssiy matted. .Notwitn-
standing all these drawbacks. the Little Rus.
sannS c are ssss KIND Kind hearted, pious i bo;spitsble.
and so honest and law abiding that there Is little
for the officers Of the law 70 do among them;
ing bossed by all who feel Inclined to exploit
them; but are very, industrious withal, only,
IN their hands. Sooner or later the Jews get
Such are in the main, the Russians Of tho
s,a; The Great R"ssiG on;o nIons s9GTs%1, all nnd 9y O,T
have made Russia in fact. Many, are the di.
yergcpcies among Russians Of different
branches. a'.u ~ Is on inc IuSsldn pONeTnfncUu
that devolves the hard and delicate task OF de-
ising means for shielding the weak from the
encrDachmcnts OF the smart" and the I'M
srruplous. NJ the same time REFRESHING. by
very harsh means sometimes, any tendencies
that mny foster separatist IDEAS among the pco.
pie OF the localities bordering on Austria and
Germany. .
However. all tho little enmity and mutual
distrust among tho Russians Ct the three
Oranchrs disappear as by magic a. soon IA there
arises the question Of tho interests or OF the
greatness of Russia Ms a whole. Nowadays,
that the nation Is fully consolidated. these
81. 900. 900 Russians always offcr y united
front to the common enemy from without; IN
such cases there are no more Great russians,
Little Russians or White Russians; they feel
they are nothing hut Russians, STRUGGLING alike
TO protect their common fatherland or 10 con-
tribute to its strength or glory abroad.
THE POLES.
No one realizes better than the Poles the
enormous strength OF this fundamental unity OF
all the russians. They are wroth at IL; yet, while
hey huyo u great deal of dislike To the Little
Russians and contempt for tho White Russians,
they have not vet given up the ilen, or winning
over the first by concessions and fattery and
of overcoming and UnncSing the latter ny
methods used on former occasions, IL, II for
the Great russian that their undivided hatred
Is reserved, Inr IL Is the treat russians ana
their Cars that were chiefly instrumental IN
bringing about tn" fall Of the once poNerfu!
kingdom OF Poland and the consequent loss or
POlaHd's Independence.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-17

than among any other Slavic people; such
names as that OF ~Pooshkin. Turpenef. Dos
toyefsky, TOlstoi n. literature. Mendeleyelt
In science. TChaikOfsky In music. are we'll
enough known the world over TO remind people
70 what II high pinnacle have cons OF Great
As 10 proofs OF the military and lighting quail
ties of the Great Russians, | hardly need cite
such names as Radet2ky, Skobeleff, or the
naval hero of the Crlmean war, ADMIRAL
that II was the Great Russian who bore ON his
mighty shoulders tho brunU Of the invasion OF
the AsiRtic hOrdcs OF Genghis Khan. who in
vaded Russia Ia tho early part OF the thirteenth
century; wero IL not for the Great Russians
the savage Huns and the Monaghan hordes
stroyed Its early civilization. As To the Rus;
slams they have borne the Tartar yoke for well
nigh three centuries; for fully that length OF
time, II not for a longer aerlOd, has their bud
ding civilization brcn set back slavery has
been fastened On them. absOlutism and, mill
tire natural genius Of the nation hRs been d.
rcctel into channels different from those In
which II might otherwise have proceeded,
These facts ought to he remembered by the
severe critics OF Russia and tie Russians,
when they set out e. sCplh and to wonder why
Is by this time and, moreover, never viii he,
II may make bold 70 predict, since her PEG
pie seem To be intent on proceeding as they
lave started, wOrkiug out their salvation ac-
cordins To their natural bent and not at all ac-
cording to precedenLs established 10y uenpls OF
ize ideals the wisdom OF whica begin to be so.
riously questioned by competent thinkers the
world over,
Russia Is essentially IA realm ~ peasants,
the agTlCulturists In IL nGmher IL. 200, 900 81
people, TO whom must 10 added the 100000
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-17

nisns. who are all of the Finnic. ( a, not Of
AryAn extraction.
The Crusaders-German barons. invaded the
eastern shores Of the Baltic in the beginpina or
the thirteenth century. and introduced there
their feudal notions and the oppression o! Lne
"plebe" that IL inseparalle from these. Aver
ak centuries OF serrdom under the prnuu eer-
man barons and their clergy, who hello sWny
not only over their freedom, but even oyer I've
who. would not let the local language he taught
In the schools or used In the court rooms, W,
oprressed nationalitiea conceived the uLmrootss
hatred for their masters, and learned 70 10y
on the Russian Government to protact Lnem
from total extinction, However. the hntni
pud the Let's are growing In numbers, az Ne
rs in duh hatred to the ",lnyaders; a,hhss
even threaten their unruly babies w.ah '"0
German" as q particularly terrible nuRao1ot
The Germans on their side. are astonlsneu
at the perversttr. OF the natives, pIoIesN,,s
thorough disbelief IN their intellectunl capnv.
tiles. aInce the latter refuse to CONFORM 10 tne
unauestinnnbly higher civilization OF the ue,-
mans. Tho lattor positively ,retuse 10 w !,
mit that nny people, not outright idio!s, Coulu
SO fall 10 appreciate the adyantages OF ontiv
as good as the Germans" and consequence
insist IN holding undisputed sway over tne
poor natives. TO which the Russian 1oNern
ment obiects, and hence arises the wratn ot
the erman especially since the Russian. ihn-
z,aQe has been declared the language OF tne
realm and introduced In tho local courts, nna
the Russian and the Lott languages are tau9nt
ing optional, The Let's, 1t must be. added;
have O highly developed national roetry and
any number OF traditions which mostly 90 70
bewail their loss of freedom. and the cruel
German yoke. Their language displays, q
great many Slavic roots. The Esths are VIM
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-17

lille HbbNlAN
nit themselves to q straightforward assertion
p PecR uSn'"' With Z the snm"' concerh sISs' tho Y Great
mind OF the Little Russian: he t~espises the
,s,I the the eMG,c scn1 sRiEls; anu ana 'Hs 8
barterinr "Moscai"S ip never any better than
he should be. still nternlarrlases between
the Others speech; the Little Russian being a
The Little Russian has " a dcep'rooted hatred
to the Russian officials and employees. as well
AS a very Just grievance against the Russian
are the bribe takers among the employees; as.
too, the ST. Petersburg Government remember
sway. OF Poland, severely prohibits the use Of
the Little Russian tongue In the schools and
,IU,. courts snr soS of t the r ;Es r a h.s Il n al, al idrSi an rslG,
may foster separi.tist tendencies among the
Little Russians. who number some thirteen or
Portable and Independent life than do the peo-
Die in the central parts of the country.
THE WHITE RUSSIANS.
There are hardly four millions all told Of
the White Russians. who are settled In three
on the middle course OF the Dniepcr and of the
Western Dwina. They derive, their peculiar
white clothing, and also. according to learned
investigators. because they were white" In
sSo ian lig Of White SE ttff Russia fTS% Wt tSs eiilase sp By tho 10
Tartars, but tho latter did not establish their
yoke there. However, the White Russians
dia not retain their independence, but fell un.
der the rule of the mighty neighboring state
of Lithunia. Then. at the instlgation of the
Lithunians, together they Joined Poland. or
course, the Polish aristocracy and landed gem
try soon had them under their thumb; they
were soon reduced to scrfdOm, and had to pay
the landed proDrletors taxes and tithes on
everything. even on weddings in the family
and on every child born 10 them. The hard
ships endured by the Israelites under Egyp-
tin bondage hardly exceeded the misery to
which the Little Russians were subjected by
the Poles. Here, too. the question Of re-
ligion entered largely into the common con-
Germs OF life. It must be remembered that
Catholicism In ~Poland-one may rather say
In the whole Of Europe-is quite a different
thing from the Roman Catholicism Of tho
United States. whore it is greatly purified
from all the dehasing accumulations and in
tluences that cling to It in Europe. q most
rernicious legacy Of the discredited Papa ~ Of
the Middle Ages. The White Russians. lack
Ing the backbone of the Little Russians. were
unable to offer as strong resistance as the
latter did to the pressure brought to bear on
them by their landlords, and gave up their
original faith to enter Roman Catholicism,
thinly disguised as the pretended union Of
the Russian Church with the Roman.
Small is the wonder that the White Rus
slams .succunhed TO the pressure that was
brought to bear on them in this instance.
Living as they do IN a marshy. facilitating 10.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-05-17

tie helped on by the young men who return
home TO the villages after having served their
sailors display remarkable talents for mathe-
It IS a well.known fact that the people of
Russia are divided into, classes; that OF tho
PEASANTS. who NJ, to the year, 1861 were serts
chants, evolved from peasants who have made
clergy. which only lately has been allowed to
be recruited from all other classes Of tho peo-
the lowest of the low to attain the highest
dignities under the Gar. Not infrequent are
rhg ins to be % n sGas 81 Of Rss state 5 dIsti %, pTI.fissdi
men In the professions, or .savants. a couple
Of years ago the writer of this. travelling in
stance. that OF the 500 odd students OF the Tech
biological Institute of st. Petersburg. there
were 500 sons of peasants and people but one
grade removed from the tillers OF the soil.
Universal. military conscription also does y
great, deal to foster democracy, by means Of
qraintance between men Of entirely differ
emit standing. recruited from, various rarts OF
the country. Regiments are hardly ever quar-
tered in the part Of the country from which
the majority of their men were drafted.
TIE LITTLE RUSSIANS.
There is hardly any especial difference to be
noted in the external appearance OF the Little
Russian as com pared with his neiRhhor Of
Great Russia; still. as a rule. the Little Rus
features. and looks more prosperous on the
whole. Dwellers Of Little Russia. or the
Ukraina, are located In the governments south
of Kursk and north Of the crimea; but settle
ments of them are found in many parts OF the
central governments. in tbs lands of the Co.'S
sacks of the Don, IN Bessarabla on the west,
and in some of the governments on the Volga.
in the east. The Little Russian is used to
local sell. government. carried on through the
medium OF the councils "Gromada," having a
wider range of action than has the village
mir" or council of peasant householdcrs in
the rural parts of Great Russia, The Gro
mada's power was very great In the Cossack
settlements that abounded in the Ukraina and
are so graphically described in the works Of
Gogol. There were also Cossack settlements
to which tlocked, adventurous spirits from
Great Russia; in fact. 1t must be remembered
that the word Cossack is not the term for any
separate tribe or nationality. The CossacKs were
all Russian runaways from one, part OF the
country or another; all belonged To the estab-
lished Russian Orthodox Church or to the Dis
sent. and led a free and u~ntrnmmelled life in
their military settlements. frequently carrying
war with their neighbors or with Turkey on
their own account and returning home with
valuable booty. until they willingly acknowl-
edged the supremacy of the Gar; they form
now the irregular Russian army-nrew warriors
from choice and inclination. not by conscrip-
tion. and live in times OF peace in their own
military settlements, with their own families.