davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening times., 1896-09-17

BENATORS' THIRD GAME
Mercer Threw the Trolley Dodgers Cnde
the Wheels.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

AIRS. LOGAN ITS PRESIDENT
wnman's Mckinley and Hobart Club Ell
fects Organization.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

N THE CAMPAIGN PILOT HOUSES
Jatest News and Views or Those Wh
Conduct the Political voyage.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

GOLD GOING OUT OF HAVANA
Heyicf'S i'uper Money Orucr initiates
FInancia Crisis.
The evening times., 1896-09-17
Earthouake sbock In Cauada.

Baie st. Paul, QUE, Sept. ia strong
shock of earthquake was felt here this
-nleruing. The seismic disturbance was
OF about o nliuute's s duration
The evening times., 1896-09-17

KILLED BY a TINY SPLINTER
Monroe banks DIcs from LockJaw a,
Frecdman'S.
The evening times., 1896-09-17
EXCURSIONS.
LOW RATES.
RoUNp $1.OO TRIP.

To Norfolk Fortress Monroe and Newport
News, Va. SATURDAY. SEPT. 10.
Steamer George Leary. Sixth It. wharf. $50
p. IN. Return Monday. September 81. 80
a H. sharp. Siaterooms for sale at office.
SGi + ST. scl6-5tem
The evening times., 1896-09-17

AITRYEE'S CRoQUET FEAT
Young Washington Player Made Game i
One Play.
The evening times., 1896-09-17
Il Ohm X. SCOTT, a prominent member
- OF the bar in Albany, n. Y, is regis
tered at the Raleigh. Said he, last

Ohm K SCOTT, a prominent member
- OF the bar in Albany, n. Y, is regis
tered at the Raleigh. Said he. last
evening: "A neat re3oinder was made by
Judge Charles o. Daily, chief justice of the
New York court OF common pleas, in Il
case he recently tried.
The case involved a delicate question
as TO the construction Of a statute, and the
Judge, after long consideration, decided
the question in open court, giving his
reason in a few welI-spoken remarks,
which caused a lull in the courtroom.
Tie silence WAS finally broken by the at
torney for the successful party to the suit,
who stood up and said, with an air OF
patronizInE approval 'May 1t please your
honor, |, for one, entirely agree with you
The venerable chief justice, with a twinkle
in his eye, which betokened appreciation
OF the Joke, but with a perfectly grave
face, quietly removed his el ASSES, and, amid
absolute silence of the spectators, said:
4 have, counselor, generally found in my
experience, thar the successful attorney
entirely agrees with the court"
The evening times., 1896-09-17
notice..

Arthur Fassett is no longer IN any
~uy connected with any department
vf The Times.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

GETTING READY FOR BR YAM
Democratic Committee Tackles VcXa
tioUs Questions.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

TEXAS STUCK IN THE MUD
AnUuGer siIslIap BelaIs tine UnfurtNnat
Battieship.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

MAYNARD, But NOT INSANE
Police 30 Not Think Florence Jordan
Crazy.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

FOR COMING AMERICANS
Box FnH of Cunos isurieu Iii CAPITOL + oun
dationS.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

TOOK POISON IN WHISKY
NeIcfan mtC:Idel AIaiOney Ends His
Troubles and Ills Lite.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

CYCLERS TO VISIT CANTON
Campaign VIII open FIida YIN Mckinney
County.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

STARTED BY ARMENIANS-
InulScrect hcyuIutiniisIs Responsible Il
the Recent Massacre.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

BLUE AND GRAY SHAKE HANDS
veterans OF Two Armies Meet at a Camp
fire.
The evening times., 1896-09-17
EXPECT HILL TO sTRADDLE
May Write an Equiv0cal Letter
After Buffalo Convention.
INDORsING STATE TICKET

But the Democratic Managers Think
Ho VIII Avoid Any Reference to
Bryan and Sewall or to the Chicago
Pllatform-TakingS Steps to Save His
Life With the Political Bosses.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

AFTTING OUT THE BULBS
They WIN Perfume and Beautify Our
Parks in the Spring.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

FREE FREE-B T. Babbitt. grand
stereupticon ana MUSICAL entertainment,
cor. 14th and I sts. NV, at O'Clock p.
NJ II
The evening times., 1896-09-17

BRYANIN NORTH CAROLINA
DruuduUcS SECRETARY IdT.IsiI IN speeCt
at AsUeSllie.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

70 GUIDE McKANE HOME
Light Pnt in the Window Every Night b.
His Wife.
The evening times., 1896-09-17

HILLS PowERIS USBROKEN-
NeW Iurk JunNcntfuh " II Follow His
InStruCJiUiiS
The evening times., 1896-09-17
ITEARD BY=Z
III THE LOUNGER.

f1 INSTEAD of Seeding lumber down tile
coast, OH sailing vessels as Lere,o-
fore,' said Mr.. Alfred Warren. a
lumber dealer OF San Francisco al the Met
ropoli tan, lite Iumhermen of tie Pacific
COAST have taken tip frosn the Eastern
dealers. and now pack the legs together
ID the form Of RATS, and have them towed
down by steamers. Tie experiment of send
ing these RATS down was first tried about
month ago. The first raft was monster
frorn Vancouver Island, cont aiming 60O.-
eco linear feet OF piiing 1t was cigar
shaped. and was towed down far as the
hartor OF San Francisco By the steam
collier MiBeola. At tie mouth of the harbor
it was taken charge of by two tugs, which
brought it safely to the wharf. The raft
was over SOC feet lCDg, 80 feet broad. and
80 feet deep, and was ted together with
about fifty tons OF iron chain. 1t drew
twentyfour feet of water, and. as tie bar
over which ithad to pass w barely twenty
five feet under water at high tide, the raft
lad To be kept waiting until the flood tide
was at its highest before it could tie brought
IN.
Had the logs scrarcd the lotion, or
struck snag, the chain which held ii to-
gcther would probably have snapped in
staBtly. breaking the raft and exposing the
shipping of the harbor to the greatest dan
ger from the floating logs All dangers.
however. were averted by the great care
taken and the raft finally tightly moored
TO the dock while it was taken apart. 1t
was found to contain between 100000
and 100000 feet Of timber, board meas
ure. with market value u $50, GOO. THIS
innovation means large increase in the
timber trade OF San Francisco, which viii
hereafter take rank among the leading
lumber markets of the world"
The evening times., 1896-09-17

II you Hiss any news In The evening
edition iUun IA Jiie list below. What
you're looking Tor WAS pl oDabiy pub
iisiIeG an tins mornings edition, anu
as The lines never repeats you'll
nave 10 take both oGIIIuns to get all
the ne e~s as cuich AS 1t happens.
The evening times., 1896-09-17
TRADE WITH THACHER.

1t is generally admitted, this gentle-
man said, that there has been q distnc.
trade between Hill and the Thacher men
with promised declaration for the ticket
and platform from the party OF the first
part and u continued unwavering personal
support from the parties OF the second
part.
According to the Democratic authority
Just quoted. the national managers are
thoroughly disgustcd with Hills atti-
tude. this feeling quickly following
feeling OF despair that he will ever, in
plain and unequivocal language, indorse
the Chicago ticket.
Now, 1 will tell you what / expect
from Hll,' said he. Soon after the
Buffalo convention is over he will, If
the convention has gone his way. come
out in letter TO Chairman H-lkley
giving unequivocal Endorsement to the
State candidates and TO the platform but
Scrupulously avoiding any reference to-
Bryan and Sewall or the platform OF the
Chicago convention.
SAVING HIS POLITICAL LIFE.
HE will clotbe the whole in u lot of
5igb-soundinG phrases, anu iii places where
Jutspoken statements ought to occur he
Will deal in piatitudes about the history
aud promise of Democracy and the duty
OF hard work to uphold the principles of
he party aud win in the NGveIHbers
election"
Then this political wise man explained
that in all probability senator Hills C
tons at this time were not so much with
reference to a personal Endorsement of
any ticket or platform as for the purpose of
continuing in power those men OF Ne York
politics wEo have been useful TO Hill IN
the past and will be useful to him again. II
is agreed that the Senator has suffered the
worst ordeal of his political life through
he action of the Chicago convention. but
none OF the local Democratic politicians
and oriice-holders here or elsewhere be-
.ieve that Hills political life is t an end.
He is too coed politician not 10 weather
The storm
The evening times., 1896-09-17
EpitOme Of the News in the
Morning fines.

Morning fines.
If you Hiss any news In The evening
edition iUosI IA tiie list nriuw. w hat
yuu're looking Tor WAS IA obabiy pub
iisned an this mornings edition, anu
as The lines never repeats you'll
nave 10 ta>t. both oeIliuns To get all
the news, as cuich AS 1t happens.
HILLS PoWERIS UNBRoKEN-
New Iurk tonN cntfun ~ Ih Follow His
INSTRUCTIONS.
BRYAN IN NORTH CAROLINA
DenuIn,eS Soccivudfy ,dT.isie IN speech
at AsIIeSiIe.
TOOK POISON IN WHISKY
veteran nirC.idel MahUney Ends His
Troubles and Ills Life.
STARTED BY ARMENIANS-
InuIScrect hcyoIutI"iisIs Responsible for
the Recent Massacre.
TEXAS STUCK IN THE MUD
AnuuGer sirsiIap Betaiis tine UnfortHnate
Batt.eship.
GOLD GOING OUT OF HAVANA
NeyicfS I'uper Money Orurr initiates
Financial Crisis
n
Monroe banks Dlcs from Lockjaw at
Freedman S.
BLUE AND GRAY SHAKE HANDS
veterans OF Two Armies Meet al camp
fire.
CYCLERS TO VISIT CANTON
Campaign viii open Fridayln Mckinley's
County.
FOR COMING AMERICANS
Box Fun of Cur,os purieu III Capitol Foun-
dations-
MAYNARD. But NOT INSANE
Police 30 Not Think Florence Jordan Is
Crazy.
GETTING READY FOR BRYAN
Democratic Committee Tackles Vcxa-
tioUs Questions
AURYEE's CRoQUET FEAT
Young Washington Player Made Game in
One Play.
BENAToRs' THIRD GAME
Mercer Threw the Trolley Dodgers Under
the Wheels
THEIR EMBLEM SELECTED
United Wheelmen Can Now Wear ASso-
citation Colors.
N THE CAMPAIGN PILOT HOUSES
latest News and Views OF Those Who
Conduct the Political voyage.
PRETTY WEDDING AT ST. JOHNS
CHURCH
Miss Edna Griffith and Mr.. Van Dusen
Sloan Married.
WITH PRAYER AND FASTING
Yom Kippur Services Held in Both Syna-
gogues.
AIRS. LOGAN ITS PRESIDENT
wnman's Mckinley and Hobart Club Ef-
fects Orca niz3tion.
kETTING OUT THE BULBS
They VIII Perfume and Beautify Our
Parks in the Spring.
70 GUIDE McKANE HOME
Light Pnt in the Window Every Night by
The morning times., 1896-04-16
DEATH RATE INCREASED.
Last Week Shows Slight Rise IN
M0rtniity "

The report upon the meteorolog ical
average temperature anu velocity of the
wind To have been less than during the pre-
Cedng week, while the baronletric pres
sure and relative humidity were increased.
The entire number Of deaths occurring
during the week WIS III; the death rate
ol the entire population increased accord
ingly from 1880 to 2l.13 since the pre-
ceding week-that for the white ra' inc in
increased from 1903 10 1912, while that
Tor The colored ,vu non.o.4. AZ -..,i.
The principal features presented by rhe
weeks mortality are an increase III Inc
number OF deaths from acute lung diseases
from II 10 %, and from affection OF the
heart from 10 ~. The mutality among
children under five years OF age rose from
20 to "a. Three fatal cases Of grippe oc-
Cured. or other contag ious diseases
there were three fatal cases OF measles
one OF diphtheria. one OF scarlet fever and
sixteen from consumption. There was an
entire absence Of typhoid fever in fatal
form.
During the week four new cases of diph-
iberia were reported and seven houses re-
moved from quarantine: eight rename in
quarantine. Or scarlet fever five new
cases were reported, six houses were re-
leased from isolation and eleven remained
plaCarded.
From hospitals nineteen Of the deaths
were reported and fifteen were certified by
the coroner. among which were two suicides
and one homicide.
The morning times., 1896-04-16

asked for postponcment which was
granted.
Later, President Crosby of the other
road, insisted upon an immediate settle
ment OF the question, pleading urgency.
and notice was sent 10 the attorneys ia med,
that, with the understanding that no work
should be done by either road at TIE in
tcrsection named, the case would go over
until Wednesday, but il this should hot
prove to be satisfactory TO the MetroEoi-
tan the hearing would be set for todG3 at
IL O'Clock.
William d. Clark, jr., was YESTERDAY
appointed bank messenger and clerk i'll
the office of the Collector OF Taxes, vice
Mr.. Towers, promoted, the appointment
taking effect the same day.
George p. Kiliian has been licensed
us steam engineer of The third class, Il =
order therefor being made yesterday.
The morning times., 1896-04-16
American Released In Cubn

Secretary Olney has been Informed By
ConsulGencralW Williams that Louis Martinez,
a naturalized citizen of the United States,
arreSte lin Cuba six weeks u go, cha rgei with
reasonable correspondence ami transferred
to the civil jurisdiction for trial at the
instance OF the consul general was released
yesterday through the efforts of his consul
ON 5000 haiI
The morning times., 1896-04-16
Where the Shins Are.

Movements Of war vessels have been
reported 10 the Navy Department as follows:
The Boston sailed from Nagasaki for Woo
sung, China, and the Yorktown from Annoy
for Swator. China, both yesterday. The
Cincinnati arrived al Norfolk yesterday
from Hampton Roads.
The morning times., 1896-04-16

RUSY AS BEES-these
- days-can't see how
we could be other
wise. Have the finest and
best stock of Mems and
Boys Wearables we ever
had, and the weather is fast
forcing Jou into the light
weights.
We want you TO see our
Fifteen Dollar. line of Suits
and OverccatS. 1t eXcels
every other dealers SIS
and so ones in style, quail
ty, fit and finish, and there
is fully five times the varie-
ty.
Of course, we have other
grades, have them as low as
Ten Dollars and as high as
Thirty-five-aud bett ter
value in every grade than
you can get elsewhere
that's been proven so often
that there's no longer any
question of it
This is lightweight un-
derwear weather, too.
You'll find all kinds worth
having in our furnishings
department. We're the
only house that carries
stout and slim sizes in un-
derwear and can fit any size
or shape. Prices are no
higher than for regular
sizes.
ROBINSON, CHERRY & Co.
18th &F Sts. s9gHHzEtEss. ssgs s5S5HHHEzt 81
The morning times., 1896-04-16
Pardoned an Old Woman.

The President has granted pardon TO
Jane Ward, an old woman In the Indian
Territory, sentenced to years imprison-
ment for removing mortgaged property.
expressing the opinion that the sentence
never ought TO have passed.
The morning times., 1896-04-16
wants 100000 for Broken Rihs

The Capital Traction Company was sued
FOR damages yesterday in the sum of $40
COO, by Charles Nelson. The plaintiff al
legged that his ribs were broken and ne was
badly crippled November . last. by being
struck by cable car at the corner OF
Pennsylvania avenue and Four-and-a-half
The morning times., 1896-04-16
Odd Fellows Nislfnfinn.

The regular semi-annual visitation of the
officers Of the Grand Lodge |. O. o. F.. u.
C., to Takoma Lodge. No "a. will take
place this evening. Distinguished MEM
bers OF the order from distant States Will
be in attendance ami will address the meet
ing. Refreshments will be served after
the exercises OF the evening have closed.
The morning times., 1896-04-16
$1.25 to Baltimore and Return

The B. & O. K. R. Company will sell ex-
cursion tickets from Washington to Balti-
more for all trains of Saturday and Sunday,
April q and ~, at the rate of S1.25 for
the round trip, valid for return passage
until following Monday inclusive. apl6-4t
The morning times., 1896-04-16
MEDICAL tBIll PISSED
Old District Measure Escaped
Mr.. Calls. ,0bjsGtiOn.
GALLINGERiS AMUSING. RUSE

Florida Senator's Opposition Renewed
Oh Ground, That Scientific Inquiry
Would BE lmpeded by The Proposed
Law-Gallinger Made nm Ingenious
Explanation. -3tses
The morning times., 1896-04-16
MIR. CALL HEsITATEs.

"A puzzled look came over Mr.. Calls face
AMI while he was saying lie did not know
personally anything OF the merits OF The
case. and was standing in seeming indie
termination the act slipped through.
The act forbidS any medical or dental
college. claiming to confer the usual de-
grees TO do business here without first
obtaining permit from the Commissioners.
Violation Of the law is made a misdC
mtanor punishable in the police court hy
so TO $500 fine. an / in default the offender
is 10 be imprisoned from thirty TO ninety
days The Commissioners are required TO
make such rules for inquiry previous TO
issue OF the permit as they may deeru
proper. 1t is supposed that they will APP
point a medical board to attend to details
Mr.. Faulkner asked for unanimous CON
sent for the bill abulishing days of grace
in the District, bat Mr.. Hoar objected.
Mr.. Squire called up the bill, H. K. &013.
10 improve The merchant marine engineer
service and TO increase the efficiency of the
naval reserve. It's provisions that vessels
OF American registry must he owned and
Differed by American citizens and giving
The Officers immunity from draft and en-
I tiiling them to pension privileges were read
but Mr. P6ttigrCw intcrpCSeu an objection.
Mr.. Shoup secured the passage of II. X.
So, granting the right 10 receive certain
medals.
MI. Fritchard reported favorably from
the District Committee the bill. II. r.
227, requiring all bills OF sale and chaitel
mort ga ges i'll this District to fc recorded.
The report accompanying gives as the
principal reason for the proposed enact
ment the fact that landlords frequently
rely upon furniture or other personally
III sight for their rent, and when they come
10 recover by that means, they find the
property has already been sold or mort
gagged 10 third party.
If record were made that would serve
as notice OF the sale.
The morning times., 1896-04-16
Today, &c

One hundred cases best standard
red-ripe Tomatoes for 8 cents a can
today. Our corn bargain is 30
dozen best Sugar Corn for 4-1-2
cents a can. Wen sell 300 large
fiat cans Steak Salmon today for
IL cents can.
The morning times., 1896-04-16
Today, SC

California Pruncs as large as
peaches for 8 cents per pound to
day. The very audacity OF such q
thing surprises every grocer in the
city; but we have them, and they'll
go, and, what's more, you can find
such bargains nowhere else. The
White Ring Evaporated Apples at 9
cents today, and best Califor mia
Peaches o cents, as well.
The morning times., 1896-04-16
Today, &c

Our special sale OF sugar cured
shoulders at the astOnishingiy low
price OF s 1-2 cents per pound viii
attract customers from everywhere
The breast strips OF breakfast bacon
at 9 1-2 cents are also a bargain
in inthemeatdepaTtment- Freshmsats
and vegetables are also ATTRACTIONS
which you should not overlook.
The morning times., 1896-04-16
GATHERING IN THE MILK
LacleaI Fluid Being Analysed at
the Health Office.
HUNDRED SAMPLES ON HAND

Law Governing Sale of MIX tn BE
Rigidly Enforced-Teleplion Com
pany Makes the commissioners and
Congress- Al Proposition-lssue Made
Over Magistrates Bill.
The morning times., 1896-04-16
Reduced.

Today we make a special raid
on Condensed Muk-EagIe Brand, 15
cents can; Baby Brand, 10 cents;
Magnolia Brand. = cents; Bell Brand.
cents; star Brand, : cents; Full
Weight, S cents. This is the season
to drop the milkman and keep
your condensed milk always ready
for use Why use the garliC-flavOred
mlkmen's supplies when the con-
denSed is cheaper, and better, too.
The morning times., 1896-04-16
Today, &c

Another shipment received OF the
large ten cent size sweet chocolate
IL goes today for 8 cents a cake.
This is less than one third its
usual value. This chocolate is for
making the drink or using as con-
Election. As a coufection IL costs
much less and at the same time II
much better than any chocolate
candy you can buy.
The morning times., 1896-04-16
RESTRAINT TO SCIENCE.

Il don't think" replied Mr.. Call, that
anyinquiry into the subject or lninla u kno WI
edge slIuuld he placed under restraint.
This act imposes Il penalty upon any
who propose 10 teach what they believe
they have found 10 be true without first
getting the sanction of three men. 1t
makes t a crime to hold and attempt tn
impart to others Views ut variance with
those comn"nly received. / have here
protest against the passage OF this bin
which l Will read To the Senate
He said ~ was frtm The president or some
university, but DR.. Gallingcr insisted that
no such school was in existence here AIR.
Cali replied that ii made no difference If
there was nothing but tie president he had
right to be heard. He had right To teach
What he believed to be true as long as lie
could find persons who would listen.
He can do that anyhow in his individual
capac city said DR.. Gallinger; this Ia W
will not interfere with him.
Mr.. Cali proceeded to read tie protest.
which declared that the bill was intended
To establish the Did schools of medicine
against new Ideas ard to reprcss progress.
AS the reading proceeded Dr. Gailiugcr
interrupted To qaeSfion some statement
and some Confusinn arose. in which Mr..
Call did not hear what the New Hampshire
Sentaur said. He asked hlm To rCICat il.
and advanced 10 hear. a happy thought
struck Dr. GalliHeer. He said:
The senator is reaaiug Il protest 10 the
bill called up yesterday. This bill is eX-
actly similar TO one passed last year and
does not interfere with the practice of
medicine. The Incorporation laws or the
District permit two7or three men 10 get
together and orgtaiZe wha they are pleased
to Cali Il college .iaCking faculty and all
the proper faciiiiiesl and equipment for a
college OF medicine! This has been done
once or twice to,the scandal OF the city.
This bill is intended TO prevent that sort OF
thing
The morning times., 1896-04-16

Mr.. Call and Dr. Galliuger in the Senate
yesterday afternoon again met in debate
over local medical bill. DIR. Galinger
this time succeeded in getting his opponent
into maze of doubt aud before Mr.. Call
could eXtricate himself Tie Measure was
agreed TO. s..rHF
1t was the act, Ii. K. 54sS, to provide
for the incorporation of medical colleges
I in"the Districo aud, had been amended so
as TO include dental colleges. 1t has al
ready passed thr House aiid tue anne uuiEciit
only affects the title.
DR.. Galiinger in asking unanimous con
sent said he had II medical bill now TO
Which he was sure there would be no OBJ
,, Jeotion. The reading was in progress
| when Mr.. Calls attention was attracted
anu hepromptiy intcrpoSed il protest.
Il don't thiuk the Senate ought TO be
| called upon he said. Ito pass such bill
without due conSiderat iou.'
why" said DR.. Gallnger, in surprise,
the matter has been considered and IA
| VoTabiy passed. upon by the District Com
inittec OF the HouSe. by the House, and
| by the District Conn ittcc of the Senate.
| 1t has the approval oT the medical and
| dental associations OF the District and
| has been on the calendar two months. That
would seem 10 be sufficient consiGerI-
| tiOn,H
The Atlanta constitution., 1896-06-22
CHAPTER XIV.

a Z.
My uncle's impatience would not suffer
him TO walt for the slow rotation which
would bring us TO tho door, but he flung
the reins and crown piece 10 one of the
rough fellows who thronged the sidewalk,
and, pushing his way vigorously through
tho crowd. he made for the entrance. As
he came within the circle OF light thrown
10y the windows whisper ran round as to
who this masterful gentlenan with the pale
iaco and the driving coat might be, and q
lane was formed to admit US. ] had never
before understood the popularity OF my un-
Gle in the sporting world for the folk began
20 huzza as we passed, with cries of "Iiur-
rah for Buck Tregellis, Good luck TO you
and your man, Sir Charles, Clear path
for bang-up noble Cornthlan" while the
landlord, attracted by the shouting, came
running out TO greet US.
Good evening. Sir Charles!" he cried. ''I
hope / see YOU wen. sir, and I trust that
you viii find that your man does credit TO
the George"
'Ncver better, sir Looks a picture. he
does-and ft TO fight FOR kingdom"
Ny uncle gave a sigh of relief.
'Where Is hc?" he asked
Hes gone 20 his room carly, sir. seen'
that he had some very partic'lar business
tomorrow mornin'." said the landlord. grim
ming.
Where IS Belcher?'
Here he is sir, in tho bar parlor."
He opened the door as he spoke and
looking In We saw score OF wcll-drcssed
men, some OF whose faces had become IA