Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1896-01-24
THE ORIGIN OF THE MONROE Doc
TRINE.

British Guiana having Chlleu ioItu tn'
Presidents special message on that subject
and the appointment of commission to In
vestigate the rights Of the contending coun'
tries. naturally raises desire in every
American citizen to know why this coun'
try interieres in the matter. AS the action
of this government is supposed TO be based
upou the Monroe Doctrine, in constituting
II, as interpreting constitution or statute
we should look to the circumstances sur
rounding its enunciation, especially the
wrong to be remedied or the danger to be
prevented by 1t. The object of this article
is not 10 produce arguments for or against
the position taken by this government, but
simply to give the most important historical
events contemporary with the Monroe Doc
trine, leaving the reader to judge for him
self whether we are now acting under the
Monroe or Olney Doctrine.
When the congress of Vienna, by the &C,
of June 9th, 1915, arranged the affairs OF
Italy, the Austrian predominance was more
firmly established than ever. After the
French troops evacuated Italy most of the
provinces were restored to their legitimate
soyereigns. The people of Italy still de-
sired union and independence. The traces
OF a struggle for liberal government were
apparent everywhere Many of the gov
ernnents, particularly Naples, Rome and
Turin, endeavored in vain to protect them
selves against the secret political societies.
The fate of this country had employed the
cabinets of the leading powers OF Europe for
a number of years, according TO the system
of policy founded by the holy alliance, and
more precisely defined by the congress OF
Aix.la- Chapelle, in 1918, which was league
formed by the sovereigns of Russia, Austria
and Prussia, nominally to regulate the re
lations of the States of Christendom by the
principles of Christian charity, but really TO
preserve the power and influence of the
then existing dynasties The secret socie-
ties, having for their object the union of
Italy under one government and its ande'
gendence of foreign pooerS, threatened to
overthrow the institutions of the peninsu-
lar and OF the single States in particular.
In Naples, Sicily and Piedmont was their
work 80 effectual that the cabinets labored
with zeal to suppress every revolution by
opposing the popular spirit with the power
of the police.
Thus was the question fraught with mo.
mentous consequences for all Europe prac-
tically decided in Italy; towit, "whether
one State is entitled to interfere in the in
ternal affairs OF another, and overthrow, by
force of arms, any new constitution which
initiates against the absolute monarchical
principles" This principle was uncondi-
tionally proclaimed by the leading States of
the continent.
Austria, the nearest interested power,
which had prevented the introduction of
the representative system into Italy, was by
this principle restored by force of arms to
its "ancient prerogatives of the royal author
ity in Naples, Sicily and Piedmont" This
power not only secured its own provinces
in Italy from the operation of liberal pniI-
ciples, but established its postum as the
guardian of the prinniJie of stability and
absolute monarchy in Italy" All this was
accomplished by war of four days with
the revolutionary army Oh 'he caroonari o'
Naples, from the 18th TO the 10th Of March,
1921, and by war of three days with
the federal party Of Piedmont from the 7th
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many OF tne oouth American hepuohcs
Jeaiousies ana interna' contentious, followed
oy insurrecuohs "n'cn anorueu any s'rohg
ambitious nation an excellent opportunity
70 ally ltseii win some iac''on ana thereoy
easily get control OF large territory In
England ana the uniteo states IL was feared
that Ferdinand would extend his operations