davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03

which have led to man becoming denuded
OF his hairy covering. The hairs, how
ever, are not only degenerated organs, but
have also to fulfill some functions. There
is group, such as the eyelashes
and eyebrows, for instance. which
are sensorial organs, possessing tao
tile functions, and moreover serve as
protection to the eyes. In places where
two integumentary surfaces are in contact
they act as rollers and facilitate the gliding
OF the lntegumentary surfaces on each
other. A third function of the hairs con-
slsts In the equalization of surface tenn
perature. There is no doubt that the hair
OF the scalp protects the head against
external cold and also prevents the loss
OF heat through the very low thermal
conductivity of the hair.cylinders and of
the cushion of air intermingled with them.
Some idea of the vast extent of the sur
face OF the earth may De obtained when it
is noted that if lofty church steeple is
assembled, and the landscape visible from
1T looked at, 100000 such landscapes must
be viewed in order that the whole earth
NAV be seen.
The speed with which sound waves are
transmitted through the atmosphere de-
pends on several conditions. When the
temperature is at 80 degrees Fahrenheit,
sounds move with speed of 1890 feet per
second, the velocity increasing with the
temperature at the rate of about one foot
of speed per second for each degree above
the freezing point. Then, again, in damp
air sound moves with a greater velocity
than it does IN dry air, no odds if the dry
air be warm and the damp cold. In water
sound moves more than four times as fast
as It does in air, or say at about the rate of
400 feet per second.
The English Royal Naval architect says
that a perfect modern man-of-war
should weigh not less than $4,000 tons and
cost at least $4,000, 900, or $4,000, 600.
The pavement in front of the William
III. Vanderbilt residence in New York City
cost over $40,0 900. The single stone lying
directly in front is the largest known paw
ing stone, and cost, transportation and all,
$4,000.
The primary, secondary, tertiary and
quaternary colors are often mentioned in
embroidery. The primary colors are blue,
yellow and red. The secondary colors
are orange, composed of yellow and
red; purp'e, composed of red and blue !;
and green, composed of yellow and
blue. The tertiaries are caitine, yellow
predominating; russet, red predominant
ing, and gray, with blue predominating.
Besides these tertiary there are buff, tawny,
dun chestnut, maroon and chocolate. The
quaternaries are auburn, orange predomi-
mating; brown, in deeper tone; puce, a
purple brown, and lavender and violet
various admiStures of red, blue and white.
The division of time into hours was
known to the Babylonians since the re-
motest times of antiquity.
The disposition of the typical young
lady to have "a good cry" seems to have
been found physiologically proper. Medi-
cal authorities assert that crying is the
best exercise for young children. One hos
pital superintendent says that healthy
baby should cry three or four times day
at least, and from ten to fifteen minutes at
time.-Science News.
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03

birds, as my Creator intended me to be.
have all want to eat. and don't have to
work myself into an early grave to keep
up the dictates of fashion,
Civilization is all hollow mockery," )"
Colvas concluded, land cannot exist with
freedom. No man can be free and live in
civilized community. as the obligations
OF that condition are sure to make slave
of him."
1t is plain that Colvas is an anarchist,
although he says he is only a freeman.
he says he was born in France and lived
In slavery forty years before taking up his
present mode of life. He certainly has
little to worry him. He cooks his meals
on campfire that he builds among a pile
OF stones. and the rest of the day he
spends in the plation of nature. AT
night he crawls, 1eet first, into his box,
pulls his blankets around him and is at
peace with nature.
The location of his residence is only a
few feet above the marsh and it really looks
like a duckhouse.
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03

be demand for such watches and the
European maker sets q good example to
many of our own manufacturers by meet
ing this demand and adapting its product
to the customs of the native consumer.
A new glass globe called the Holophane,
for diffusing the rays from intense lights,
is being introduced in England. 1t is in
tended particularly for use with arc lamps
and incande scent gaslights as substitute
for ground glass and opal glass, which are
used at present. The globe is made OF per-
fectly clear glass and it has two series of
ridges on its surface, one set vertical round
the inside and the Other set horizontal
round the outside. The orb of hight thus
produced is very pleasant 10 the eye, while
the amount of illumination is undimin-
ished.
Some of the medical journals report
new affection OF the eyes, caused. it is said,
by the prevailing method of seating in
streetcars. The effort to fix the gaze upon
passing OBJ iects causes an annoying strain
and twitching in the external muscles of
the globes.
An English photographer, says the
Medical News, who sent out picture of a
foot showing an embedded needle, re-
ceived telegram from customer saying:
"Photograms received, very tame. Send
more sensational ones, such as interior OF
belly, backbone. brains, liver, kidneys,
heart, lungs, etc."
A Vienna professor says the writer's
have hitherto occupied themselves mainly
with speculations on the circumstances
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03

cause it was falsely believed that the main
land had been reached by Amerigo Yes
pucci among all modern explorers.
1t is therefore fitting that an Italian
publisher. U. Hoepli of Milan, is bringing
out ac-simlles of sundry works of great
interest and rarity which bear upon the
question of the naming of our country.
Most important of these is a little trea-
tise entitled "Globus Mundi," which was
published anonymously between 1905 and
1910. Its authorship is attributed, though
on insufficient authority, to Henricus Lo-
vitus Glarcanus, a geographer and map
maker of the early sixteenth century. 1t
is memorable as the first book in which
the name America is formally given to
the new continent The suggestion of this
name had, indeed, been made in 1907 by
Hylacomylus, in his "Cosmographie In
troductio" published in Die in passing
allusion TO ga fourth part of the world
which, since Amerigo found it, we may
call Amerigo or America" But it was the
"Globus Mundi" that first adopted the
suggestion.
Another feature of great interest in the
Globus is map OF the eastern hemisphere.
containing in the left-hand corner a small
fragment of the newly discovered conti-
nent, which iuts out at about the same
longitude as the Cape of Good Hope. This
is labeled not America, but Mum Welt, or
New World. The map is especially inter-
esting as being, with the possible excep-
ton of the Ptolom@us edition of 1908, the
first that contains America.-New York
Herald.
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
Fun over the Bread,

We had the gauntlet yet to run, as the
firing of the Communists was still heavy
in the neighborhood. The bullets were
whisthng so angrily down one of the
streets which cut the Rue de la Bienfai-
sance at right angles, that number of
servant girls who wished to go to a baker
shop on the other side were afraid to ven
ture over. The difficulty was turned in
this way: There were soldiers on one
side of the dangerous crossing and maid
servants on the other. The maid d-servants
threw their money to the soldiers, and the
soldiers purchased the bread and flung it
across to the maids.
This maneuver excited a good deal of
merriment in spite of the danger with
which it was attended. AT times girl
would throw piece of money short, and
soldier would have to fish for it with his
bayonet, and even, amid peals of laughter,
venture out to pick it up. To see the men
and women engaged in this occupation
one might easily have thought they were
indulging in some harmless pastime like
hunt the slipper. = "RecoIlections of
Paris"
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03

pose he has constructed the most original
sort of house, and it is also the smallest
residence in the State, beyond doubt. In
fact it is so small it is little more than
box. 1t is about nine feet long and the
end is three feet square. which would give
about eighty-one cubic feet on the inside.
1t is over year since Colvas took up his
strange abode, and he says lie likes it
more and more every day. He says that
he has no need to live there, as he has
plenty of money in bank in San Fran
cisco. BY the use of very little of this
he obtains all of the comforts of life and
wonders why ali the rest of the people in
the world don't follow his example.
az could live in house on Mob Hill il
wished" he said, ''but I don't want 10,
and wouldn't trace this little home for the
best of them. Out here l am as free as the
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03

believes that more females would become
bicyclists but for their modesty. She has
therefore patented canopy for bicycles
which will protect the rider from the glare
OF the sun and downpour of rain as well
as the curious gaze of the public, by means
OF curtains, which may be hung from the
EDGE OF the canopy to the heels of the
rider, completely screening her and
making the wheel as much a place of re-
tirement as the interior of family ooupe.
Another odd bicycle patent is that of 0s-
car n. Shannon of Riverside, Ill. His
scheme is to have frames erected along the
curbstones OF various streets, to be pro-
vided with hooks and catchlocks. Each
hook is to contain 4 groove to engage the
forewheel of q bicycle and the lock to Sc
curely hold the same.
August Kiesow, of London, England,
came to the rescue of careless housewives
and servant girls by securing from Uncle
Sam patent for his non-explosive kero-
sene lamp. He prevents explosions by
making it impossible when the lamp is at
an angle for the fame to communicate
with the oil reservoir. This is accom-
plished by peculiarly shaped tube valve,
through which the wick passes. In case
the lamp containing this tube overturns
the valve automatically closes tightly the
oil exit
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
How Colds Are Taken.

A person in good health, with fair play.
says the Lancet, easily resists cold But
when the health flags a little, and liber-
ties are taken with the stomach, or the
nervous system, chill is easily taken,
and according TO the weak spot OF the in
dividual, assumes the form of a cold or
pneumonia. or, it may be, iaundice.
OF all the causes of ''cold" probably ia
tigue is one of the most efficient. A jaded
man coming home at night from a long
days work, growing youth losing two
hours sleep over evening parties two or
three times week, or a young lady heav-
lily 'dolng the season." young children
overfed and with short allowance of
sleep, are common instances of the vic
tins of s'cold." Luxury is favorable to
chill-taking; very hot rooms, feather beds,
soft chairs, create sensItiveness that leads
to catarrhs.
1t is not, after all, the ''coldn that is so
much to be feared as the antecedent con-
ditions that give the attack a chance of
doing harm Some of the worst "colds"
happen to those who do not leave their
house or even their BEDS and those who
are most invulnerable are often those who
are most exposed to changes of tempera-
ture, and who by good sleep, cold bath
ing and regular habits preserve
the tone of their nervous sys-
TEN and circulation. Probably many
chills are contracted at night or at the lag
end OF the day, when tired people get the
equilibrium of their circulation disturbed
by either overheated sitting rooms or un-
derheated bedrooms and beds. This is
specially the case with elderly people. In
such cases the mischief is not always done
instantaneously, or in single night. 1t
often takes place insidiously, extending
over days or even weeks.
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
A Queens Scientific Experiment

The King of Portugal and his entire
court are rejoicing over the zeal and in
dustry with which Queen Amelie is devot.
ing herself to the study of the Roentgen
light. Her Majesty puts in all her time
now in photographing King Carlos and
the ladies and gentlemen of the court, in
order to discover what their skeletons are
like. For several years the Queen has been
a rapt student of medicine, and in her en-.
thusiastic pursuit of medical science and
by her experiments has reduced some of
her ladles-in.waiting almost to deaths
door. Now that the Queen has a new
hobby the Portuguese court reioices.
especially the King, as the Queen was
always insisting upon his trying new
methods, discovered by herself for reduc-
ing his growing corpulency. 1t is even
said that in consequence of the Kings
gratitude to Roentgen the professor is to
receive high decoration from his
Majesty. Washington Times.
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
Pneumatic Hubs.

The pneumatic tires wonderful success
has led to the application of several other
Pneumatic features TO the bicycle. The
pneumatic saddle has been on tie market
some time. and now a wheel is constructed
with pneumatic hub" The principle
involved is in the application of an air
chamber of rubber between the wheel of
the machine and the frame. The air
chamber is provided with a valve stem
and valve. well-known rubber com
pany manufactures the chamber, ana it
is claimed that 73 per cent of pure Para
gum enters into its makeup This, with
the fabric, gives q receptacle which will
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
polls which is such trouble in the ordi-

pOilS WHICH u SuCu u LIOuDle III Lue OIul-
nary style of hive.
This is secured in the simplest manner.
One side of the hive is made so that it can
be taken off. Half the roof, or honey
board, can also be removed and thereby
expose an overhead support with a series
of hook-seats. These are really only a
row Of holes bored INTO the center OF the
support with grooves cut from the opening
of each to the bottom edge of the sup
port.
The comb-frames are of the ordinary
pattern. In the center of the top piece of
each hook is inserted of such a shape
that it will fit into any one of the hook
seats when the frame is inserted into the
hive. The replacing of the roof locks
them into position. There are small
cleats on the sidewalks of the hive that
engage the frames and prevent them from
swinging against one another.
In this hive the arrangement of the
overhead support-bar makes it possible to
remove single frame if so desired. The
space can be left open or fresh frame can
be inserted at once. Or, by removing both
sides of the roof, the support bar itself can
be lifted out with all the comb-frames
hanging to it.
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03

stantly growing scarcer and more costly.
The new matches are considerably
cheaper than wooden matches and weigh
much less, fact which counts for much
in the expectation. The sticks of these
matches consist of paper rolled together
on the bias. The paper is rather strong
and porous, and when immersed in so,
luton of wax, stearine and similar SUBJ
stances will easily stick together and burn
with bright, smokeless and odorle ss
flame. Strips of half an inch in width are
first drawn through the combustible mass
spoken of above, and then turned by ma
chinery into long thin tubes, pieces of the
ordinary length of wood or wax matches
being cut off automatically by the ma
chine. When the sticks are cut to size
they are dipped into the phosphorous
mass, also by the machine, and the dry
head easily ignites by friction on any sur
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03

and the other that it is to be sold for about
$40, thus placing the instrument within
the reach of everybody, as very formid-
able rival to the limited musical box. Mr..
Edison has found that many people are
still unable to avail themselves of street
current for the dearer phonograph run bv
electric motor. or else are very averse to
bothering with primary batteries, which
few of them understand. Hence he has
deemed it advisable to build this new
phonograph, which is driven by single
double-spring clockwork mechanism
packed away snugly under the lid of the
box.
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
A DIMINUTIvE HOUSE.

Occupied by Henry Colvas on the
Shores of San Antonio Creek.
San Antonio Creek, that divides Marin
and Sonoma counties, has perfect colony
OF odd characters living along its banks
Some of these are men who earn their liv-
ing by fishing, some are tramps and the
rest might be called cranks. In the last
class Henry Colvas must be counted, for,
according to his own story, he lives there
only because he wants to.
Colvas aim in life is, as he says, "to live
close to nature" To accomplish his pur-
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
Various Notes,

The Engineering News remarks concern
ing the new electric locomotive that carries
its own boiler and engine that "the plan
of combining in single machine boiler,
engine, dynamo, storage battery and
electric motor with, the numerous
operating and controlling devices which
each require, and all for the purpose
of propelling a car along railway track.
is one which harmoniZes much better with
the French mechanics penchant for COM
plication than the American practice for
choosing the simplest and most direct
means of reaching desired end. 4 n
No matter how fast the locomotive may
run or how skilfully its promoters NAV
present their estimates, t fact will re-
main that it is a mechanical absurdity to
develop mechanical power on locomotive
and then proceed first to convert it into
electric current and next TO convert that
current back into mechanical power in
order to apply it to the driving-wheels."
The possibility within the near future
OF maintaining speeds of 100 miles an hour
on electrically equipped trdnk lines and
operating them with financial success was
admitted in a recent address by +. w.
Webb. the chief engineer OF the London
and Northwestern Railway England. Mr..
Webb is perhaps the leadiFs authority in
that country on questions affecting the
steam locomotive; ana his three-cylin-
dered compound will be remembered by
visitors to the Chicago Exposition.
A mastodons skull in fire state of
preservation was dug up at Buchanan.
Mich, near the Indiana boundary. few
days ago. 1t measures 21z feet in width
and has four perfect teeth. The teeth
measure about inches by 61z inches.
A watch with the hands moving from
right to left is being made by Swiss watch
makers. II is designed for the markets of
Turkey, Japan and other Oriental coun-
tries where the natives read all writing in
the reverse direction from that common
among Western nations. There is said to
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
HER REPENTANCE.

know I'm called queer old maid
And folk laugh at my plain black dress;
Ii isn't Just the highest grade
Of fashionable clothes, 1 guess.
But thirty years ago wore
The gayest costume of the gay,
Although IL wasn't long before
I cast the sinful snare away.
wore bright green bombazine,
With ruffies four deep on the skirt,
White hose and gaiter-tops OF green
And sachet-bags of moIherwort.
had necklace made of jet
And wore a breastpin cameo
Three times as large as those you get
These wicked days of carnal show.
had cock feathers in my hat
And wore white silk India shawl,
Jet bracelets, and it strikes me that
had a yellow parasol.
i shudder as I think of when
wore those sinful carnaI clothes
In sadness repented-then
Gave all the things to Sister Rose.
Chicago Record
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
New Things in BICYCLES.

Strenuous efforts are being made to
manufacture bicycle-boat that in time
will come into use. Another of this type
of machine, whose construction is very in
teresting, was patented last week. 1t con-
sists of a bicycle like frame and pair of
boats supporting and pivoted to the frame
Que or more paddle-wheels are also carried
by the frame and operated by the pedals
in the same manner as the bicycle. Steer
ing-gear and rudders are also provided and
are operated by the handle bar on the
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03

is connected TO the inside with wire ropes
passing over windlasses so that the vessel
can be raised OF lowered in a certain spot
at will.
1t is intended that the vessel shall
travel along the bottom of the body of
water in which it is at work. For this
purpose the. propelling power is pair of
traction wheels, one on each side of the
boat, that are geared to an electric motor
operated by the storage battery. The
vessel is steered beneath the surface by q
wheel that is fitted into the rudder, but
operated from pilot-house in the PROV.
In the forward portion of the vessel
there is a diving compartment with a bot
tom door through which the diver can
come. and go. 1t is supplied with air
pumps operated by electricity that can
keep the pressure the same as the water
and also prevent the water from rushing
IN, There are cranks and derricks of diff
ferent kinds in the diving compartment
that arc expected to aid the diver in his
Work.
= All the latest safety contrivances are
made use of in this vessel. 1t is impossi-
bic for water TO get through any OF the
openings, as they are supplied with valves
that close automatically by the pressure
of the water on the outside All of the
engines are made. to run forward and back
ward and every part of the craft is sup
piled with electric-lights. There is one in
The diving compartment that the diver can
take with him when he goes to inspect a
wreck: The vessel is also supplied with
pumps for emptying the hulls of wrecks.
Fresh air for The men is carried in tank
at the stern of the vessel and from there it
is piped to-. different places. By this
means the men get 1t as fresh as possible.
Sanitary Envelope.
Many persons object to running their
tongue along the mucfaged flap of an en-
velope and a .sanitary envelope" has
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
ton is bottle that can. be easily opened

tion is a bottle that can be easily opened
without the use OF any instrument.
There is practically no difference In the
appearance of the bottle from those in
general use. But the neck, instead of
being solid, has groove around it in
a. bout the position where the center of the
cork would be. This is, OF course, the weak-
est part OF the bottle, and when the end
of the neck is struck against any substance
1t will break at just that point, leaving
enough OF the cork to be taken hold of
and pulled ont
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
New Departure in Plow-Making.

All wealth originally comes from the
soil, and he who, by inventive skill, inn
proves the methods of tillage is greater
than he who taketh a CITY," new and
striking principle in plows is presented in
the invention of William H. Bradshaw of
Orange, n. j., and for which the patent
was granted on January IA. The machine
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
First Man of America.

1t was an Italian who discovered the
New World. 1t was second Italian who.
wrestling from the first the eponymic glory
which was his right, gave his own name to
the newly discovered lands. What should
have been Columbia became America, be-
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03
An Ingenious Beehive.

All beekeepers will be interested in the
invention of Cyrus c. Aldrich of Morris
town. MINI. 1t is beehive with the re-
movable comb-frames so arranged that
they swing free from the sides and as
consequence do not become glued by pro-
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03

at first sight resembles a moving machine,
with the cutter bar in the rear, but where
the cutter bar would be is a series of plow
blades running on an endless chain, which
is geared to the main or driving wheel by
travelling rod. The oddity is that the
furrow, or series of successive burrows, are
cut at right angles to the line of travel,
thus blowing at each successive round"
strip as wide as the machine, which
would be about the width of four ordinary
furrows.-From New Ideas.
The San Francisco call., 1896-05-03

resist. pressure of 600 pounds to the
square inch.
1t is claimed that hub of this character
will render the movements OF the wheel
smoother and give n freer movement to
the pedals, thus insuring greater speed
with less exertion on the part of the rider.
The weight of a wheel fitted with one OF
these hubs is not increased particle.