The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1896-12-26
THE INTERVENTION CASE
SCORES OF PRECEDENTs SIMILAR
TO CONDITIONS IN CUBA.
SENATE Committee on Foreign Rela-
tons Submitted Report on
the Subject.

today presented 10 the SShhlS thC ASPOAN
of the committee on foreign relations
favorable to the adoption of the follow
ing Joint resolution:
Resolved. by the senate and house of repre-
sentatives of the United States Of America, In
congress assembled, that the independence OF
Cuba be, and the same is hereby acknowledged
by the United States Of America. BE 1t fur
Their
its friendly offices with the government OF
Spain to bring to a close the war between
Spain and the republic of Cuba.
The report is very voluminous. 1t be-
gins with a review of the action Of cor
gress at ats last session, pledging itseH
to friendly Intervention with Spain for
the recognition of the independence OF
Cuba.
Spain having declined these over
lures" the report continues, the only
question that remains to be decided is
the nature Of the next step to be taken,
with proper regard to the customs and
usages of nations"
Then follows an exhaustive review of
this centurys instruction of peoples
claiming independence by right of re-
volt.
Precedents Cited.
After reviewing the diplomatic contest
from the revolution in Greece, the report
states, lin the whole discussion from
March, 1921 to January. 1923, the right of
Intervention was never disputed except
by Turkey"
This was the state of affairs when
George Canning, becoming prime minis
ter Of England. recognized Greek bellig-
erency.
The report adds: This seems to- have
been the step which led to Canning 5
Op IA
ture of belligerency in 1926"
The Turkish government, we are tolo.
complained that the British government
allowed the Greeks a belligerent charac-
ter and observed that it appeared to for
get that to subjects in rebellion no ma
tional character could properly belong.
Recurring again to the Greek revolution
the report recites that on July 6, 1921.
France Russia and England were united
In formal treaty, signed in London,
which committed them to formal inter-
vention in case the sultan should still
reject their proffered mediation, within
the space OF one month. The Turkish
government on August 30 reiterated It's
decided, unconditional, final and I'M
changeable refusal to receive any propo-
sition on behalf OF the Greeks. Orders
were Immediately given to the squadron
of the powers which brought on the bat
tie of Navarrino October 20. 1927.
The report next takes up the Belgium
revolution of 1860. When the French rev.
olution of 1890 occurred. it spread instant
ly to the Netherlands. as well as at home.
without concerning with or supporting
King William, the powers imposed an i'm.
mediate armistice on both parties.
The claim of independence was made
nd cd
the month following by the powers In
their seventh conference, December 20.
The report says that the Polish rebellion
of 1881 seemed to have no value as orece-
dent except as far as 1t offered an example
of the power of Russia. as the Belgian in
surrection has shown the power of Eng
land and France, when in union.
Besides the precedents of Greece, BEL
GUM, Poland and Hungary, where new
nationalities were in question a much
larger number of interventions occurred In
Europe in the process of disruption or con-
solidation, which has on the one hand dis.
integrated the ancient empires of the sui
tan, of Spain. of the church; and, on the
other concentrated the new systems oil
Germany, Russia and Italy. Interven
tons have occurred most conspicuouSly
in Spain by France in 1929 in Portugal by
England in 1927 again in Spain and Porsu
gal in 1896 by England and France, unlei
what was called the quadruple treaty; IL
Piedmont and Naples by the holy alnanc,
in 1921 and in so many instances sine,
1915 that the mere enumeration would b,
long and difficult Not only Greece, Mon
tenegro, Roumania, Bulgaria. Roumella
Servia and Egypt have been the creations
of such Intervention, or the subject of III
restraints, but also Samoa, Crete and evel
Lebanon owe their legal status to IN,
same source. An authority so great mus
have some foundation in law, seeing thu
old world acquiesced not only IN the prac
teal exercise of force but also in the prin
ciple on which 1t rested, whatever tina
principle was.
The treaty of Berlin of 1871 was a broa,
assertion Of the right of the European
powers to regulate the affairs of the Otto
man empire. but the treaty contains N
statement of the principle Of jurisprudenc
on which the right rests.
Other successful revolutions, such 8
those of Tuscany and the states of n
church in 1859 were the Immediate result
of intervention.
The report then turns to the experience
of Asia. In regard to Asia, probably al
other authorities agree that the entire fab
ric of European supremacy, whether il
Asiatic Turkey, Persia, Afghanistan, in
dia, Siam or China, rests on the right o
Intervention.
The American presidents are handle
exhaustively. After tracing the uprising
in Mexico, Venezuela, Chilli and the Ar
gentine Republic against Spanish rule
the renort saws. ssrrhe ouestfon of inter