The Madisonian. (Virginia City, Mont.) 1873-1915, 1896-01-11

the confidential adviser OF Madison, espee-
tally in regard to the foreign policy OF the
United States. In 1917 he succeeded 10. the
presidency, by an electoral vote OF lS out
of ~. Shortly after his inauguration. he
made q tour OF the country, during which
he made an especial study OF Its resources.
having in mud the possibility OF future
hOstilltles. During his first term OF office.
Spain ceded to the United States her posses
SONS IN east and west Florids. In 1890 be
was reelected president. receiving 2Gl out
OF 232 electoral. votes. In his message OF
December 2Dd. 1923. he announced the ia
mOu. Monroe DOctrlne;' that any attempt
on the part OF the European powers TO en-
tend their system to any portion OF this
hemisphere. would be regarded by the
United States as dangerous to our peace
and safety. aud would accordingly be OPP
posed. This message and this doctrine was
the formal answer OF the United states to
the policy OF the European League. known
as the Holy Alliance. In 1915 a league was
formed by Alexander |. OF Russia: William
Ill. OF Prussia and Francis OF Austria. 10
which all The other principal powers OF
Europe. except England. France and Rome.
gave assent. the real aim OF which was 10
perpetuate existing dynasties and 10 MAN.
tain the "divlne right" Of kings.
1t is stated that Alexander himself drew
up the agreement and gave its name. The
%undOubted object OF the Holy Alliance was
not only to perpeIuaie the Kingdoms OF
Russia. Prussia ami Austria. bul also TO de-
slrOy all toI ms OF popular government. and
as such was looked upon in the Un,es
States as a menace TO our national safety.
England also was alarmed. in that the al
lance threatened the republics OF South
America. which had by revolution recently
become independent and with which she
had already built up large mercantile
interests. At the close OF the wal with
France, though she had been victorious.
she found herself burdened with an i'm
mense debt, which was causing great dis
satisfaction and hardship among htr people.
and the revenue. which she was receiving
from these South American Republics. ma
, terially lessened the burden. We must
bear in mind that Venezuela and the other
South American Republics We're still claim
ed by Spsin. and the purpose OF the Holy
Alliance seems to have beento restore them
I 10 Spanish rule.
I In 1910 a revolution took place in Caracas
and on July 3. 1871, Venezuela proclaimed
her independence. In 1872, by the treaty
V OF Victoria. che returned TO the control OF
spain. but in 1913 again revolted, under
' Boliver, and alter IA long and bloody strug-
gle the republic OF Columbia. embracing
Venezuela, New Granada and Ecuador,
: was declared independent. In ls23 the last
i OF the Spanish tolces were driven from the
country but Spain had not reliEQuished hei
claims.
We must bear in mind that during the ter
d year proceeding 1923 all OF South America
with the exception of Guiana. had 10y sue
: cesstul revolutions passed from European
Y rule while the United states had by treaty
and purchase. acquired d large part Vi VIVA
80 now constitutes our republic. ACTING
solely tor her own Ell DIS, England. not oDl.
gave cordial assent TO The Monroe Doctrine
Duti il is asserted that The PRONUNCIATION o
OF this doctrine WAS nrkt kuggesit u TO Pres
dent Monroe, through our nIlDls,er ~ In
gland. Mr.. Richard Rush, by CaInli Z, TIL
English secretary 81 state. Belole Issuing
~ hle message. Monroe consulted both Jt iel
G. son and Madison, eX-preslden,s, and BEN:
re thus confirmed IN HE opinion. the meesag'
> Though the Monroe Doctrine bias heye
" been formally included in any treaty. it la
OF from 1923 10 The present time been lully vi
derstood. both AT home aid abroad. 10 b
;. the settled poilcy ol the United States, an,
to its enforce ment is pIecgtd the pa,rlo;isi
oi OF every citizen OF our country.
Abandoning the position which khe too
"A. in 1924, and which was then for her con
~ mercial interest. England, as most citizen
" vi the United States believe, has under
ht taken to wrest from 4 weak South Amer
H. can state, a part OF her territory, and !
ST answer to cur protests and TO our appeal .
:, the Monroe Doctrine, 10 which she iurmer'
-, assented, and AS many English papers a.
"a. sert. which she prompted. The tells L
OF through Salisbury. that conditions ba\
Nv changed, and practically; tina, whatever Ell
~ does with Venezuela 10 none OF cur bus
ns ness. She has not changed her policy {
looking solely to her OWE interests. trs
last and sll the time, and We have IL
changed in looking after the welfare OF II
ne entire western continent. 1t may we'll b
~, that she know that her title TO any part
Tor South American territory. Will not stan
no investigation. AS 4 matter OF fact her lit