Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1896-12-15

$500 :~>r,4,l l,s- ->-- :1,-1
this matter of treaty correspondence
may go on for years before a final agree
ment is reached. But usually within a
Few months agreements are reached,
and then the formal treaty is written.
There are always two copies of the
treaty, one for this government, and
one for the foreign government. The
copy retained by the United States con-
tains the treaty in.double columns, the
first column being in English, ard the
parallel column in the court language
of the foreign power. A treaty between
the United States and Great Britain is
written in only one column, because
both nations use the same language.
The court language of a majority Of
the nations of the civilized world is
French, even autocratic Russia conced-
ing the universally Of the use of that
language in the diplomatic world.
A border of red lines carefully drawn
surrounds the writing of the treaty,
and the pages of the original copies are
bound together at the back with silk
ribbon representing the national colors.
The silk ribbon which binds the copy
retained by the United States bears the
red, white and blue colors of our ma
tional emblem.
Then comes the formality of signing
the treaty. The secretary of state signs
his name directly beneath the two col
umns, and the foreign minister signs
his name directly beneath the signature
of the secretary Of state, and this copy
of the treaty is filed in the archives of
the department of state. But the copy
which is to be sent abroad is first
signed by the foreign minister, and the
secretary of state afixes his signature
beneath. The great seal of the United
States is affixed to each copy, and the
great seal of the foreign power is also
placed upon the deed. Then the treaty
is complete, so far as the executive
branch Of the government is concerned,
but in this country and in limited
monarchies the consent of the legis-
1ative branch of the government must
be obtained. Russia, however, COM
pletes her part of the treaty in all cases
when her minister a1fixes his signature.
In this country it is the duty of the
secretary of state to formally notify
the senate of the proposed treaty, and a
copy of the treaty is officially laid be-
fore the senate for it's consideration.
Treaties are regarded as secrets of
great Importance, and they are only
considered by the senate in secret ses-
sion. 1t requires two-thirds of the SEN
ate to ratify treaty. When any treaty
receives the approval of two-thirds Of
the senate, the secretary of the senate Sc
certify informs the secretary of safe,
and then the president of the United
States afiXes his signature to both
copies Of the treaty, and the foreign
minister 1dnI secures the signature Of his
soyai 1naster 70 each copy. linen the
treaty is complete and of full force, and
it becomes the duty of the chief cx-
ecutive of each country to make procla.
nation of the fact to the world. This is
sometimes done by private correspond
ence, but usually by public proclama-
ton.
A treaty between two great nations is
solemn obligation, and therefore a
great deal of time is taken in giving
consideration to all of the points under
discussion. Concessions made to-day
may prove embarrassing so or 100 years
hence. Therefore diplomats must dip
into the future far as human eye can
sec. and foretell if possible the effect