davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

vessel. 399 years ago come next Wednes-
day, set out on its memorable voyage,
since thus 1t would not only honor the
memory Of those brave voyagers but
also testify to American appreciation Of
the far-reaching results of that fateful
venture on the unknown ocean. The
suggestion is so manifestly appropriate,
at this special time of diplomatic diff
ference with the mOtherland. that we
trust to see it acted upon by congress
and by citizens unoifcially.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

Senator Cameron has reached the city
of Mexico and submitted to an inter-
view in which he reaffirms his conf
dence in the ultimate triumph of bimet-
allisnl. Senator Cameron at all events
has the courage of his convictions.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

We consider that the Philadelphia
Times takes a mean advantage of Rob-
ert L. Pattison's absence in the West
to draw parallel between him and
Grover Cleveland
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

In the present very evident popu.
larity of William Mckinley Speaker
Reed can find consolation by re-
ilectinS that it will doubtless be his
turn four or eight years hence.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

Several of the, speakers at Allentown
went out Of their way to deride Senator
Quay, which fact. coming from Demo-
Gratis. is naturally interpreted as a
commitment
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

OF notice that the only boss in Penn
sylvania who stands for the unit rule
gag in national conventions Is Demo-
crat yclept Harrity.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

Mayor Bailey, having got safely upon
the Iarrity band wagon. need now
have no further hesitancy in making
those appointments.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

II ID habit Of our Democratic friends
TO refer to Senator Quay In eontemptu-
eus tsrms - . boss. But It Ii worthy
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

TO marshal Kohlsaat belongs
most Of the credit for McKinley's
Springfield victory. He has certainly
established his claim to the leadership
Of public opinion in Illinois.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01
MANS MEMORIES.


Written for The Tribune.
Sweetheart SO true. what does May bring
for you,
Blithesome May. gladsome May
Bright. beautiful, blossomng May?
Memories fond and tender and true.
These l know she holds for YOU,
Dream Of days of amber hue,
Ny old Sweetheart.
Sweetheart SO sweet, what shall May do
for you.
Bonny May. fairy May,
Bright. beautiful, blossoming May?
Croesus-rich in her blossoms fair,
They are as free as the mountain air,
Dreams and flowers are everywhere.
My old Sweetheart.
Sweetheart so fond, how shall May favor
you,
Genrous May, gladsomc May,
Bright, beautiful. blossom'ng May:
out of the shadows that lire the way,
There comes voice which seems to say:
Leave me alone with beautiful May
And my old Sweetheart"
Edward A. Niven.
THE TRIBUNE HAS SENT A STAFF
II L = r T. S T. y # AT V i WITH THE
SCRANTON RASE BALI. CLUB ON IT'S
PRESENT TOUR. READ TOMORROW
HIS COMPLETE REPORT OF THE
OPENING GAME AT SPRINGFIELD.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01
Tho Tribune Is tho only Republican
daily In Lackawanna County.
REPUBLICAN STATE TICKET.

Congressincn.at.Larg
GALUSHk A. GROW, Of Susquchnnnn.
SAMUEL A. DAVENPORT. OF Eric.
Election Day, Nov. 3.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01
LOnn3.
= . -la--77'77--''7 ; : - =
Wire SreeilS.

JOS. KCETTEL. REAR I'll LACKA
wanna avenue. Scranton. Pa. Inanufac
turer OF Wire Screens.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

ROOFING 60,
a26 Washington Ave.,
TELEPHONE 55s
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
Dentists.
Physicians and Surgeons.

DIR. A. TRAPOLD, SPECIALIST IN
Diseases Of Women. corner Wyoming
avenue and Spruce street. Scranton. Of
fee hours. Thursdays and Saturdays.
Ga. m. to D. n
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01
Hotels and Restaurants.

TIL; ELK CAFE. 10 and III FRANK.
lin avenue. Hates reasonable.
P ZCIOIER Pronrietor
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

DIR. KAY. eos PENN AVE-: to 2P. NJ:
call 2cS2. Dis. OF women. obstetrics and
and all dis. of chill.
DIR. W. E. ALLEN. 6lc North Washington
avenue.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

in common with the rest OF humanity. One
who has had a narrow escape from col
lision with a Scranton "scorcher" would
scarcely believe that anything could har-
rass the festive wheelman. But the bicy-
Gle rider has q common enemy in the Jehu
The reckless driver who will sometimes
spare the pedestrian in momentury
spasm Of good nature, seldom misses IN
opportunity to run a wheelman off the
road. Many complaints have been made
this spring of the Jehus who have delib-
erately attempted to run down wheelmen.
and 1t Is probable that serious trouble will
result before the summer is over unless
the mania for colliding with bicycle rid
ers Is checked.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

DIR. c. L. FEEr. PRACTICE LIMITED,
diseases OF the Eye, Ear Nose and
Throat; Office. 122 Wyoming ave. Resi-.
dence $50 Vine street
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01
Schools.

BAUERS oRCHESTRA-MusIc FOR
balls, picnics. parties. receptions. wed.
dinEs and concert work furnished. For
terms address II. ]. Bauer. conductor.
III Wyoming avenue. over Hulbert's
music store
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1896-05-01

am pleased to notice an Improvement
in the condition Of streets in the central
part Of the city. Asphalt pavement kept
clean by the flushing process, is thing of
beauty and joy forever, or at least until
it becomes necessary to evoke the services
Of the repairing corps. For the absence
of dust let us be truly thankful and live
in hopes that no false economy or ex-
perimental spirit will again place unof-
Tending citizens at the mercy of street
sweepers, who simply stirred up the loose
dirt and placed it In better condition 10
be flOated on every passing breeze.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
what senator nm said.

Two or three years ago a young
Democratic leader named Guerin,
went to Washington on some bust
ness and sought and introduction
to Senator Hill. He was one of
Hills Western admirers. Guerin
was also friend and follower of j.
Sterling Morton. He talked with
Hill great deal about Morton.
Finally Hill said to him, "Guerin,
if you are looking forward to n flu
ture in politics, | would advise you
not to waste your time on Morton.
There's man out in your State
who is going to be President some
day and you'd better catch on to his
coat tail. His name is Bryan.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
Controls the Country.

Where is the laborer of Europe
to-day? Protectionists tell us he is
a pauper, that American labor must
be protected against him. If the
gold standard of England, France
and Germany is such blessing,
how does it come that her labor is
pauperized? The fact is it simply
demonstrates that wherever the
gold standard obtains, capital, in
the hands of few, controls the
country and laboring men become
paupers and serfs. Since 1878
American laborers have been rap
idly drifting in that direction, and
if the gold standard continues n
few years more, American labor
will be on level with European
pauDer labor.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
from Wednesdays Daily,
MURDER.
Horny Lyons Shoots ana Kills
His Wife.

His wire.
Tuesday afternoon, in Cologne
District, Henry Lyons shot and
killed his wife. There had been
some disagreement between them,
and Mrs. Lyons had gone to her
father. Yesterday Lyons went
there to induce his wife to return
to her home with him. This she
consented to do, and had started up
the road with him, when about 200
yards from her fathers house,
Lyons caught his wife by the arm
and holding her, drew pistol and
shot her through the head killing
her instantly. After she fell he
fired three more shots into her
body. He then made his escape,
and parties came here and got a
warrant for his arrest, which was
placed in the hands of Constable
Foglesong, who Immediately start
ed. Upon his arrival on tho scene
of the tragedy he found that Lyons
had turned his revolver upon him
self and shot himself through the
head, making fatal wound. He
was not dead when the officer re
turned, but there is no chance OF
his living.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
State Elections.

Following will be found the
States which will hold elections be-
fore the national election: Ala
bama, August 3; Vermont, Sep
TENDER LIST; Arkansas, September
18th; Florida, October 9th; Georgia,
October It'll, and Maine, Septemb-
er 18th. These elections will be
looked to with great deal of in
terest although they may not prove
much.
Nearly all the tramps are now
umbrella repairers.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
eS-sold by Druggists, 75e.
Time TO ThimI1 amd Read.

Time now to read and think; the
issue is made; the two parties are
before you, their platforms show
how they stand; one for the money
power, the other for the people.
Line up on the side you want to
win. The fight is for independ-
ence for the masses and justice de-
mands their success.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
DEAD,
Henry NJ. Lyons, Who Murdered
His Wife.

Special to the Daily Register,
LETART, w. VA, July Both, 1896.
M. Lyons, who shot and
killed his wife, an account of which
was published in the Register a
day or two ago, and who after
wards shot and fatally wounded
himself, died this morning. Lyons
was % years of age, and his wife
was in her 10Th year. They had
been married about three years,
and leave one child.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
FBuckteu,s AqntCU ISuIUe.

The best salve in the world for cuts,
bruises, sores, ulcers. salt rheum, fever
sores, letter, chapped hands, chilblainss,
corns, and all skin eruptions, and posi-
lively cures piles, or no pay required.
1t is guaranteed to give perfect satisfac-
ton or money refunded. Price 20 cents
per box. For sale by q. w. NJ. Hooff.
Jou1 -OR.1V
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
Friuhtcncd.

Hanna is giving a good imita-
ton of man who is becoming
thoroughly frightened at what is
ahead of him.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
Richcr Thnn either.

We are 40 per cent. wealthier
than England, 80 per cent wealth
Ter than France, 100 per cent.
wealthier than Germany. Are we
not able to go it alone on the mon
ey question?
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
Rheumatism cured in a Day.

"Mystic Cure" for Rheumatism and
Neuralgia radically cured in to DAYS
It's action upon the system is remarka-
BILE and mysterious. Itremoves at once
the cause and the disease Immediately
disappears The first dose greatly ben
Gifts; 10 cents. Sold by A. @. Van Gill
der. Druggist, Point Pleasant.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
Ardent silver Advocates.

Blaine and Garfield, two of the
greatest men the Republican party
ever produced. we're ardent free
silver advocates.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
What Has Wall Street Done For
the IpODlC,

Whoever heard of Wall street
doing anything for the people?
Wall street is opposed to silver be-
cause the people want silver.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
TUFTS Pills
Cure All
Liver Ills.

A Strong Fertilization.
Fortify the body against disease
by TUFTS Liver Pills, an abso-
lutecure for sick headache, dys-
pepsia, sour stomach, malaria,
constipation, jaundice, bilious
ness and all kindred troubles.
"The FIy-Wheel of Life"
DR.. Tut; Your Liver Pills are
the fy-wheel oflife. l shall ever
be grateful for the accident that
broughtthem mynotice. feel
as if l had a new lease of life.
Fairleigh, Platte Cannon, Col.
TUFTS Liver Pills
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
4 Poor DemOcrnt.

He's poor Democrat who goes
upon the housetop to prophecy his
party's defeat.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
by the Pcoplc-Amd for the Peo-

The Democratic platform of
principles adopted at Chicago, has
no vague meaning about it. Made
in peoples Convention and by
the people and for the people, it
means that there shall be but one
financial policy i'll this country, a
policy that will serve all the people.
While tho storms cavorting
around here is bad enough, every
body is thankful that it is no worse.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
It 1Eau DO as Mmch for Iom.

MIR. Fred Miller, OF Irving, ILL.,, writes
that he had Il severe Kidney trouble for
many years, with severe pains in his
fected. He tried many so called Kidney
cures but without any good result.
About year ago he began use OF Elec-
trio Bitters and found relief at once,
Electric Bittcrs is especially adapted to
cure of all Kidney and Liver troubles
One trial will prove our statement.
Price SOC and $1.OO. AT Hoofl7s drug
store.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05

Always in season, Hopkins Steamed
Hominy (Hulled Corn.) Elegant lunch
in Milk. ct. can, l0c.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05
I'VE TtIenL P1t1ittceCt.

James l.. Francis, Alderman, Chicago,
says: 81 regard DIR. Kings New Dis
covery as an Ideal Panacea for Coughs,
Colds and Lung Complaints, having
used it in my family for the last five
years, to the exclusion of physicians
prescriptions or other preparations.
Rev. John Burgus, Keokuk, Iowa,
writes: "I have been Minister of the
Methodist Episcopal Church for so yrs.
or more, and have never found anything
so beneficial or that give such speedy
relief as DIR. Kings New Discovery"
Try this Ideal Cough Remedy now.
Trial Bottlesfree at HootFs drugstore.
The British Arc Allies of the
Republicans.
The British press is entering the
campaign on behalf of Mckinley
with great vigor. The London
papers are taking up the cry from
this side that the supporters of
Bryan are populists and commu-
nists. Cause, the S3OO,0O0,O00 gold
interest Great Britain annually
draws from American securities
and Investments. AS every years
continuance of the gold standard
the interest return, naturally Mr.
Bull desires the pleasant prospect
to continue.
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05

Expenditures in excess of receipts. s. 257 ia
Given under my hant this goth day ofJuly
J.P II. b. SMITH,
Clerk County Court
The weekly register. [volume] (Point Pleasant, Va. [W. Va.]) 1862-1909, 1896-08-05

10 l tax ON Ohio River railroad. .. 49,.
receipts in excess of eNpendttuTes
ns per statement of 1893 ...........
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-12-05
TruEsoUrm BEFORE THE WAN.

The Chicago Times-Herald publishes
remarkable story from one OF Its COR
respondents down East, who attempts
TO tell something of the South before
the war. This correspondent claims to
have lived in the South before the rup-
ture between the two sections.
and among other things says that he
kept little grocery store in the heart
of the South and was doing well, but
was run away because he subscribed to
paper called the Herald of Freedom. +"
He says that so bitter vas the feeling
against him for subscribing to the pa
per that lie was compelled to leave his
home and pro'.-r,.. TO avoid being
lynched.
The correspondent fails to state,
however, in what part Of the South
he lived, nor does he say where the
Herald Of Freedom" was published at
the time, Other than that it was publish
ed In Kansas. OF course no one believes
such tales as this, and the wonder Is;
that SO good paper as the Chicago
T!mcs-Herald should publish them.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-12-05
SOUTHERN EXPORTS.

There has never been time in the
history OF the country when Southern
exports have attracted so much at.en-
tlon as ut present. and the outlook is
that as years Toll on the South will do
the export business of the nation. Here
tofore cotton and tobacco have
been regarded as about the
only exports Of the South. bu.
recently corn has been added. then lum-
Der and various other commodities, in
Guiding ship stuffs, until the list OF arti-
cles exported from Southern ports has so
Increased as TO make the trade really a
volum.ncus one. With a continual IN
crease OF our export trade. must come
Il corresponding increase i'm that of I'M
ports also. and with the two all classes
OF Industrial interests will be benefited.
There Is no estimating the limits of the
export trade from Southern ports In
the next five or ten wears
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-12-05
OUR MERCHANT MARINE.

According to the report of the Com
missioner of Navigation for 1896. 1t Is
shown that the number of American
vessels engaged in the Pacific Ocean
carrying trade have not increased with
the business Of the country, as would
be supposed. 1t shows that their ton
mage has only advanced since 1850 from
2S3,395 tons to 800. 4S1 tons. while the for
eign tonnage Increased during the same
time from 4+2.251 TO esq., tons. The
Commissioner also cites that within the
past few years new competitor has
appeared, which may make further in
roads in the trade on the Pacific coast,
and that competitor is Japan, whose
sea-going steel steamers have increased
from Is of 27.7O1 tons to 50 of LOG, 1888 tons.
That official recommends an extension
of the act of 1892. under which act the
steamship New York and Paris were ad-
mittcd to American registry, and OPP
pose the imposition of a 10 per cent.
discriminating duty on goods brought
here on vessels of American bottoms
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-12-05
TEE PRESIDENTIAL. MESSAGE AND
CUBA.

The Boston Traveller is OF the opinion
that 1t may be reasonably expected that
the Presidents message to Congress
will be practically devoted to the Cuban
question. and 1t believes that il Mr..
Cleveland does what his friends expect
1t Will be a very decided and vigorous
document. 1t says, however, that this
does not necessarily mean war. On the
contrary the interference OF the United
States in Cuban affairs is far more
likely to result in peace than it is in war.
Spain does not want trouble with us.
If she can abandon the struggle in
cuba without prejudice to her national
dignity she will be very glad to do SO,
and Will welcome the opportunity the
interference OF the United States will
furnish for SO doing"
This may be true, as 1t II true. that
any nation involved in one war is ant
to think twice before engaging in an
other. which 1t might avoid. Still it is
well TO be prepared. Spain knows full
well that the moment she goes to war
with the United States she will lose
Cuba, and this might deter her. but
then 1t looks very much as though she
might lose the Island anyway.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-12-05
PERSONALS.

The Duchess of Buccleuch's parties
are perhaps the most exclusive in Lon
don.
d. l.. Moody, the evangelist. is 20 be-
gin a series Of meetings in Boston on
January LIST.
ID. l.. Moody, the evangelist, is to be-
gin a. series of revival meetings in Bos-
ton on January ].
1t is rumored that Mr.. Asquith Q.
c., NJ. p, and Sir George Baden Powell
NJ. r., will be the British arbitrators on
the Venezuela boundary question.
1T is aaderst5od that Cecil Rhodes
will be the first witness called before the
Parliamentary committee appointed To
inquire into the Transvaal raid.
Prince Yturbide lost his suit to coin
pei the governors of the Metropolitan
Club, in Washington. d. c.. to restore
him to the membership from which he
has been expelled. Is
Lady Harcourt is an American H.
birth and the daughter of the late John
Lothrop Motley, the famous author ii
The History of the Dutch Republic"
She first married a Mr.. Ives, and was
widow wien she became the wife Of
Sir William Earcourt, in 1876.
Sir Arthur Sullivan can now command
Static down for one song, while from
'Th" Lost Chord" alone II is said tina
n" has realized over S50, 900. Signor Tos-
Il, the composer OF Forever and For
ever whose first manuscripts were
declined with thanks" can now com
ihanu 81 go for 4 song.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-12-05
THE CONGRESSIONAL SEED FRAUD

This is the manner in which the phila-
delphia Times refers 10 the free
distribution of seed by the Ag-
ricultural Department, and there
are many people who are fast
learning TO view the matter in the
same light. Under the law the Secre
tary of Agriculture is compelled to dis
tribute free seed enough To plant lG3. r.
acres IN every Congressional district.
and this costs $4,000 annually to the
Postot!ice Department alone.
Secretary Morton does not hesitate 10
declare the practice as a wasteful and
useless expenditure of public money.
ana in his forthcoming report it is said
he will recommend a repeal of the law.
authorizing the distribution. IT il
doubtful, however. If the law will
ever be repealed. for the reason
that almost every Congressman regards
the distribution of free seed To his con
stituents as among the strongest ap
peals he can make for their friendship
and continued support. and this being
The case il is not hard in
understand why Congressman arc
not apt to vote for the repeal of the
law. or course. there are many Con-
gressmen whose constituents are not
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1896-12-05
NOTES AND OPINIONS.

nab noticed in de co'se of NAH
sperlence, said Ephraim Jefferson, I'd Il
some big men kin be mighty small eff
dey wants toe"
me original manuscript of the Book
OF Mormon is now in the possession of
.eorge Schwe!ch. of Richmond. Ray
county, ado. 1t Is valued AZ 100000
The Moslem religion teaches that there
are different hells. arranged one above
another, the deepest and hottest being
I'll karlah, which is reserved for hypo-
critics.
The Duke OF Devonsbre is still a
great Irish landowner, although the
other day he sold $4,000 acres of land i'm
Cork to Sir John Arnott, Cor sometime
like quarter OF Il million sterling.
AT the time OF the taking of the census
OF 1880 there were l5.U00,G0O adult white
male Inhabitants in the United States
ana 100000 negroes. Chinese Japanese.
Indians, etc, over the age of twenty-one
The days of thrilling adventure in the
West have not entirely departed. 1t is
now reported from ST. Paul that a small
boy stole a locomotive. He leaped into
the cab while the engine was siIe-,racl-
ed, and, throwing open the throttle, ell
joyed to the full his stolen .steed.
a German recently asked Judge Craig
Riddle, of Philadelphia. to excuse him
from serving on the jury. Why" asked
the judge. We'll. your Honor, | don't
understand good English" "Oh. you
will do replied the judge. You won't
hear much good English here. any
how" Amid Il general laugh the jury
man sat down.
Etiquette Is TO be observed in preach
ing before the Queen. No pers onal ref
erencc to her Majesty il permissible, a
pure Gospel discourse being the rule
delivered as though she was not present.
Many have tried TO evade these rules
The Queen likes and enjoys Il plain
practical discourse, selected from the
lessons or Gospel of the day to occupy
about twenty minutes in its delivery
Questions of the day. and above all
politics, must be entirely excluded.