The sun., 1896-09-22

HAGEN, LuTHER's friend and fellow Ia
borer. In Norway two Of the pre-Refor-
nation Bishops adopted the new doctrines
and retained their sees. In Iceland, the
last OF the Roman Catholic Bishops
took It upon himself to authorize the
first Protestant Bishop to hold his Office in
succession to himself. Although the va
lidity Of the episcopacy in these Scandina-
Wan churches is thus extremely question
able, 1t has never been formally denied by
the Church Of England, and It's orders have
been recognized by the Indian Bishops in
the case Of missionaries ordained by the
Danish Church.
The situation Of the Lutheran Church OF
Sweden is different; for this puts forth a
| claim to an unbroken succession, which to
most Protestants seems good, although II Is
rejected at Rome. During ths Reformation
period all the Swedish sees became vacant
but two, and the Bishops of these two
left the kingdom. Tho episcopate, how
ever, was preserved by PETER MAaNUs-
SON, who, when residing as warden of
the Swedish hospital in Rome, had
been elected Bishop OF the see of Westereas
and consecrated about 1924. No official
record Of his conservation has been discov-
cred, but during his lifetime he was ac-
knowlcdged rs canonical Bishop, both by
Roman Catholics and by Professionals In
1928 MAGNussoN consecrated Bishops to
fill the vacant Swedish sees, and as
sisted by one Of these, he afterward
consecrated the Reformer LAWRENCE
PETERSON as Archbishop of Upsala
Some doubt has been raised as to
the validity of the conservation of PETER
SONS successor and namesake, from the in
sufficiency OF the evidence of the consecra-
tion Of his consecrator. the Bishop Of Abo;
the integrity Of the succession has, however,
been formally recognized by Convention
Of the American Episcopal Church. Another
Protestant church which claims to have
preserved the Episcopal succession, a
claim not allowed at Rome, is that of the
Moraviaus who in the fifteenth century
were driven by the nti-Reformation from
Bohemia to seek refuge in Poland and |
Prussia. Here their episcopacy, which was
derived from the Austrian Waldenses, was
in regular succession until,
in 1888, the two last surviving Bish-
ops, JABLoNsK1 and STTNovIUs, consecrated
DAVID NITsCHMAEN to be the first Bishop of
the renewed Church of the Brethren,
|
years later JABLoNsKI and NITscHMANN
Count ZINzENDoRF ms the sec
ond Bishop Of the Moravian Church; from
and NITscHMANN the existing
Moravian episcopate is derived.
An example of Catholic Episcopal
Church not in communion with the Papal
see is to be found in the so-called Jansenist
Church Of Holland, in which during the
irst half of the last century the episcopal
was with the utmost difficulty
preserved. 1t hung repeatedly upon
single life. Each of the consecrations in
his Church since 1924 has been declared
unlawful by the Papacy, and all who
iave taken part in the successive acts
iave been excommunicated. 1t was this
Church of Holland, which was
he instrument Of comforting the episcopate
N the community known as "Old Catho-
ics,' whose separation from the Church of
iome under the leadership Of DIR. DoLLIN-
TER was occasioned by the publication of
he Vatican DEGREES relating to Papal su- {
and infallibility.