Evening star., 1896-09-19

schools Is practically at an end, except
perhaps. in a few districts Of states where
laws have never been passed forbidding
such procedure. Commissioner of Educa-
ton Harris, Uncle Sans chief adviser
school matters says that great change
has lately been wrought in our methods of
school discipline. 1T Is clear that with
frequent and severe corporal punishment"
says he, 'it is next to impossible to retain
genuine respect for law. Only the yer!
rare teacher can succeed In this. Punish
ment through the sense of honor has there
fore superseded. for the most part, in our
best schools the use of the rod
Reports of authentic authorities who have
inspected the disciplinary methods in Eng
land and ether foreign countries state that
the English schoolmaster Of today uses the
rod almost unsparingly as he did a CEN
tury ago. Recently futile attempt was
made to pass a bill through the British
parliament forbidding the inf1iction OF
physical pain by teachers except with the
birch rod. upon children below sixteen
| years of age. This unsuccessful bill also
provided that no master or employer should
strike an apprentice or servant
How They Do 1t In England.
The English school inquiry commission
| recently investigated the different means
| of punishment in vogue in different shires-
| to fog child, the distinction being re-
served always for the head master. In
other places. besides f1ogging. the penalty
| for lying. swearing insolence and moral
offense, fines and stoppages OF pocket mon
| ey are imposed. Sending to bed Is the
| favorite punishment in most OF the Engnsn
girls schools.
| The rod in present use in Winchester
| School, one Of England's most important
public schools. Is composed OF four apple
| dan NO ln
| kept in repair by two members or the
| Junior class. who are appointed rod max
| ers' by the prefect. While thrashing
| boy the wieider Of this rod wears a cap OF
| the mcrtar-board design. This custom has
| been in vogue in Winchester School since
| before the discovery of America. AT Eton
| School. another of England's foremost pub
| lie educational institutions for boys, the
| fiogging paraphernalia consists of block
made to represent two steps and long
| bushy switch of birch The victim kneels
| upon the block, after appropriately arrang-
| ing his garments. Not only young boys
| are thus handled in these, the highest. pub
| lie schools in Great Britain. but youths
| as old many of our naughty collegtans
| years. Not long ago a boy of eighteen.
| who, at his faehers orders, refused to be
! hogged, was expelled.
Besides the birch and apple-twig switches.
| other instruments of torture applied to bad
| school boys in England are the rule and
| spatula- The latter, commonly called the
| Jonathan" is a large circular disk of
| wood. having five or more holes bored
| about the center and mounted upon ham
| die. Needless to say, the holes raise pain
! full blisters upon the area Of application.
! In many English schools for boys a pun
| ishment known "horsing' was in vogue
! not many years ago. One miscreant was
made to sit upon the back of another,
astride, both being flogged at the same
| time.
They Whipped the Girls.
In schools for girls and young ladies in
| England. even within the memory Of our
| grandparents. the rod was unsparingly
used. The whipping outfit for the fair
| sex included the rattan, the birch, the whip
| Of whaiebone and the punishment blouse
| The latter was a short garment made with
out sleeves and very low in the neck, front
and back. For some offenses young ladies
were made to disrobe themselves in the
school room and to don this costume pre-
vious to being whipped in the presence of
their schoolmates. In later days English
girls were whipped mostly upon their bare
| arms and shoulders although reports show
that this was not always the case
In Scotland schoolmasters of today en-
phasize their rules with an instrument
known as the "tams." 1t is in universal
use In all boys schools in that section OF
the British empire. The 'tams'' is a short
leather strap cut into a fringe at the end
Records OF some of the more ancient Scotch
school customs show that the dried skins
the same purpose.
| Official FloEgers.
Corporal punishment Is also permitted
in the German schools. Every German
knows the meaning Of the phrase "naught
comma flve," the formula for which Is writ
ten 'O5." In Germany this stands for one
half OF meter The meter Is the stand
ard measure of Germany and in that coun-
try the comma Is used instead of the pc
riod to indicate the decimal. The .O,5,'
therefore, is a Il or 5-meter stick. It II
| the scepter OF nearly every boys schoo
teacher in the fatherland.
Not many years ago in Germany there
used to be officials In some cities delegated
to visit the schools, their only duty being
long blue cloaks, whence the name of each
"the blue man." They whaled bad boys
in the passages before the school rooms
while the teachers stood by to superintenG
| the operation. None Of the German boys
In those times knew who their punishers
were and reference to the blue man
made them tremble in their little boots.
| Among the punishments directed agains
| pride in Germany is the 'asses bench,
corresponding to some extent to the stoo
upon which our fathers and their fathers
were made to stand when they wore the
named Hauterle. who taught for over fifty
one years. kept record that he had during
this service inflicted 911, 527 strokes of the
blows with the ruler, 1925 boxes on tn
: ear and 1905 tugs at the same, with a sun
) total, of 1115,SO0 blows on the head will
the knuckles.
He threatened the rod to 1.7O7 childre
who did not receive 1t, and made III knee
upon round hard peas and 631 upon a SHARP
edged piece of wood, and 5.OO1 were mad
to ride the wooden horse. The last wa
Y beam of timber set with sharp points
| upon which the cuprit was made to 81
r | astride, sometimes with weights attaches
: to his feet.
e In Cases of Anger.
Bad children in the schools of Turkey
q | Persia and China suffer a very painful
mode Of punishment known as the bastina
do. The soles Of the feet are severel
struck with a lath, paddle or stick Of bam
boo. sometimes until the blood issues fror
3 | beneath the nails. This mode is particular
| ly in vogue in Mohammedan schools wheI
. children are taught to read the Koran.
Prof. Lyman Cobb, veteran New Yor
I schoolmaster, who a half century ago ws
4 | the author Of a number Of school book.
3 | teachers manuals and the like, exDresse
his opinion that when a child become
very angry and perhaps throws himsel
p i ,,noy, tho foor s,1d5an dash of cold ate