davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
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France was flooded with worthless pa-
per money; the government was unable
to redeem the "assignats." While tho
tn, prices Of all kinds of goods were
increasing in proportion, and it was not
long before the 'assignats" were en-
tirely worthless. Nobody was willing
to take them, and the consequence was
that thousands of families were beg
CARED.
Not quite as badly as the French,
but badly enough, Jared the Austrians.
The Napoleonic wars had thrown the
empire deeply in debt and the tempting
paper money was resorted to by tho
government in its attempt to get out
of its financial troubles. The mauufac-
ture of the nimsy currency assumed gil
gantic proportions, and in 1911 tho
value Of the paper notes had decreased
to such an extent that 1880 paper gul.
dens were equal in value to 100 guldens
in silver. The amount of paper cur
rcncy in circulation at that time was
I,O60,o00,000 gudens, and since the gov
eminent saw the impossibility of ever
redeeming its notes al par it resorted to
compulsory adjustment with it's
creditors. The treasury printed So
called redemption notes." with which
the old paper currency was redeemed
on basis of paying one guden IN re-
demption notes for five guldens of old
paper currency.
The history of the United States
with paper currency during the times
following the civil war is of too recent
date and too well known to need reca-
pituiation. The present system Of
paper currency in all civilized countries
rests on solid basis. and conditions
like those related above are not apt to
prevail again.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
FOR SUNDAY READING.
NOT YET. NY CHILD.

How often in a storm Of righteous passion,
Aroused by some dark scene of shameless
wrong
My frantic prayers have scaled the walls OF
Heaven
with plaintive cries Of: Lord. how long.
how long?"
In fearful silence waiting for an answer,
My soul has heard whisper low and
mild:
my eyes behold It, and my ears are open;
I shall avenge 1t. but not yet. my child"
In starlit nights i Oft have stood en-
chanted.
With bounding heart and almost Keeling
brain:
I've peopled worlds with beings of my
fancy.
And hitched my chariot to Orion's train:
And then. anew. with thoughts and senses
failing.
have exclaimed: when shall know T'
And, trembling. heard the answer through
the stiffness:
soon. restless child. but yet the wings
must grow,
And when. in hours Of untold grief and
anguish,
The sad-eycd Azrael fingered by my side.
When, with look Of mingled pain and
pity,
He cut the bonds which love and friend
ship tied
pleaded: Take me. too. oh! do not leave
mev'
But gently pushing me aside, he smiled !:
go to thy task, and when 1t is completed
III bear thee homeward, but not yet, my
child"
listen and hear some voices calling,
They're calling me. but whence do not
know.
pause, bewildered, by the dusty roadside
And plead: my Father. tell me where to
go!'
Then do hear: BE still. I have not
spoken;
Impatient child, sit down awhile and rest
Till thou hast learned to wait. then will
lead thee
Upon the way which In my sight is best"
So. while on patience, hard-learned lesson
spelling,
sit beside the path where others passed
When they were sent to fields of chosen
labor,
Still wondering why have been kept the
last,
look upon the MONDAY sun and meas
ure
The distance to the hills where 1t shall
set,
And with longing, burning heart I listen,
But only hear: Not yet. my child. not
yeti"
Kate Linden, in Union Signal.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

step was taken which led to the estab-
hshment of paper currency in the most
modern and civilized countries of the
western world.
The evolution of the crude leather
notes of the ante-Christian era to the
artistic bank notes of the present was
a gradual one, and real paper money
was not issued until about the year 1000
A. d. Again it was Chinese treasury
official who conceived the happy
thought to supplant the heavy metal cur
rency and the cumbersome leather
pieces by printed paper slips, which were
called "Tchitsi." They were issued in
large numbers, and may be regarded as
the first real paper money. At later
period new notes called "Kiao-tsu"
were issued, which had a limited time
of circulation, usually three years, after
which they were redeemed by the gov
eminent and destroyed. The people in
general did not take kindly to this pa
per money, and many refused to ex-
change their good metal for the sus-
picious paper slips. Then the govern
ment simply printed the following
lSSenu OH the lace Oh us DOteS: IL is
ordered that paper money with the i'm
perial seal is to be taken as legal tender,
the same as copper. Whosoever refuses
to obey will be beheaded."
This was plain and had the desired
effect, as nobody valued his copper
quite as highly as his head. Thus paper
currency came into general circulation.
and China has the honor of it's inven-
ton.
During the period the "K!ao-tsu"
was in circulation naturally manv of
the notes were destroyed by accident,
or lost through the carelessness of hold
ers, resulting in large profits to the
government. But as the discovery of
new gold fields always draws a crowd
of adventurers who want to share in
the profits of the discovery, so the
crafty tribe of counterfeiters soon
sprang up to share the profits of the
government. What the government
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

by an over-issue OF bank notes. Rus
STA. Austria and Saxony soon followed.
Prussia issued it's first paper currency
in 1908. under Baron Won Stein.
Among all European countries
France had The worst experience with
paper money. John Law had already
by his manipulations brought it into
discredit, but the revolutionary gov
eminent capped the climax of abuse.
The landed possessions of the aristoc-
racy were to be confiscated and sold,
but since the sales progressed slowly
and the republican convention needed
money it was decided to issue state
bonds, so-called "assignats," to the
value of the estates to be sold. Thus
the confiscated lands were to be the
security for the "assignats" issued.
But a revolution swallows immense
sums Of money and the government was
soon compelled to issue more and more
of these ''assignats," until their vol
rme exceeded by far the value Of
the confiscated property. Whenever
money was lacking ''assgnats" were
printed, and since they were easily
counterfeited the government soon had
many helpers in the paper money man
ufacture. The Englishmen were esPe-
cially industrious in this line, and the
combined efforts of government and
counterfeiters soon brought the total
of circulating "assignats" to the in
Then came the unavoidable reaction.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
OLD AMERICAN BILL-TWO-THIRDS
.,.. ACTUAL SIZE. IL

printers could do, private printers,could
also do, and it was not long before good
limitations of the government no1 es
were in circulation. China can, there
fore, not only boast of the first paper
currency but also of the first bank note
zounterfeiters, who caused the Celcs-
tial government no end of trouble long
before Europe ever. knew of the insen-
ton.
Centuries passed before European
states established paper currenc:es.
Emperor Frederick ii. issued during the
siege of Faenza leather money to pay
his soldiers, and the city OF Leydeh
coined forms of strawboard in 1874.
Russia at one time also issued leaf Ger
rubles. but all this money served only
as temporary substitute for the metal
currency during times of war.
The first real paper money IL Europe
was issued in Sweden. The .inanoier,
John Palmstruck, received in the year
1856. from the Swedish government the
permission to issue bank notes. and f We
years later the Bank of Stockholm
gave out its first transport slips"
which were printed on stroug Snrd-
board, as the government had no con-
fdence IN the fiimsier material of pa
per. This cardboard money had the
advantage of being more durable than
paper money, but it's endorsements
did not make it much preferable to the
metal currency. The transport slips
were printed in plain letters and the
signatures and numbers were written
by hand.
The example of Sweden was followed
In 1904. by the Bank of England; in 1895
by Norway; l713 by Denmark; l7ls by
Ere nee, in which country the Scotch
man. Holm Law. established state
h4ni and created the first great panic
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
Silent Testimony.

Goodness is usefulness. Some lives
are like ''songs without words" giving
voice to a Beautiful and unmistakable
message, though ''there is no speech
nor Language" Samuel rutherford
had no such career as George White
field. but the church calls him Holy
Samuel rutherford" Light travels
more swiftly than sound. Men are con-
WINGED more quickly and certainly by
what they see than by what they hear.
1t is not "let your lips speak" but "let
your light shine" The living epistle
is not known and heard of all men, but
known and read.
"Birds by being glad their Maker bless;
BY simply shining. sun and star.
And we whose law is love, serve less
BY Nbat VIC do than what we are"
p4ie IS. S. Times.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
WISE SAYINGS.

Faith is always the basis of Joy in
religion.-Ram's Horn.
Character gives splendor to youth,
and awe to wrinkled skin and gray
hairs.-Emerson.
"A society of Christian Encouragers
could find large field of usefulness
United Presbyterian.
Without virtue no nobility"
Without virtue and intelligence no lib
erty.-Chicago Interior.
Christian experience is the very
best commentary on the Bible. Only
experienced religion is reality. The
rest is only theory.-United Presby-
terrain.
Has it never occurred to US, when
surrounded by sorrows, that they may
be sent to us only for our instruction
as we darken the cages of birds when
we wish to teach them to sing?-
Richter.
To walk with God is to pray with,
out ceasing; to walk with God is to be-
absolutely free from care and indie
pendent of human judgment; to walk
with God is to be in Heaven. - DIR.
Parker.
-Covetousnessi is like conhagration,
frequently insignificant in it's incep-
ton, but it's force becomes greater as
times goes on. and it expands until it
sweeps everything into its embrace.
Abuses grow until they are masterful,
cruel and destructive. - Rev. N. Luc-
cock. -r a....s..
He who is happiest is most conse-
Grated to his work. He lives with it.
In the material life the man who gives
his best attention to the task set be-
fore him must succeed If he has the
ability, the power, to understand it,
So men come to be famous and rich.-
Rev. B. r. Bulkeley.
Without the resolution in your
hearts to do work so long as your right
hands have motion in them, and to
do it whether the issue be that you die
or live, no life worthy the name win
ever be possible to you, while in once
forming the resolution that your work
is to be we'll done, life is really one.
here and forever.-Ruslci2-
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
VANISHING OF THE RAVEN.
Bird That Is Becoming a Rarity In
England.


England.
The wide domains, the large timber,
and the ancient families survive, but
the raven has vanished. 1t occasional
~ takes young rabbit. But the human
ravens of Somerset-to wit, the men aud
boys who have as little right to the rab-
bits-do the same. | do not suppose
that in this way fewer than 10000 to
10000 rabbits are annually picked up"
or "poached''-if anyone likes that word
better-in the country. Probably
larger number. The existence of pair
of rabbits on an estate of 10000, 10000
or 10000 acres would not add much to
the loss. No doubt the raven kills
other creatures that are preserved for
sport, but it does not appear that it's
determination has improved things in
Somerset.
Thirty years ago, when black game
was more plentiful than it is now, the
raven was abundant on Exmoor and the
Quantocks. The old head keeper on the
forest of EXmoor told me that when
he took the place, rs years ago, ravens,
carrion crows, buzzards, and hawks of
various kinds, were very abundant, and
that the war he had waged against them
for quarter of a century had well-nigh
eXterminated all these species. He had
kept careful record of all birds killed,
noting the species in every case, as he
was paid for all, but the reward varied
the largest sum being given for thu
largest birds-ravens and buzzards
His book shows that one year, % years
ago, he was paid for SO ravens shot and
trapped. After that the number an
nually diminished rapidly, and for sew
eral years past not one raven had been
killed. Longman's Magazine.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
KIND WORDS.
They Make a Difference In the Way We
See the Things About Us.

They Make Difference In the Way We
See the Things About Us.
1t is strange how completely we for.
get the power of kind words. AS cares
multiply, veXations seem to rise in every
direction, and almost before we know it
our words are coming from us harsh.
sharp and sometimes even venomous.
We shall not need to argue the point
as to whether or not it pays 10 use kind
words, for we know in our own expert
ence how different everything is when
we have used kind, patient words.
little boy said: II like this teacher
so much better than the other one; she
does not look SO cross when she talks.
] could always tell who it was, when |
heard her coming, because she always
had very cross kind of step"
1t is strange how kind words change
everything about ones manners, and
even appearance; little ones notice al!
these things, and so do big folks. If it
is hardship to always do right, we can
remember that even Christ pleased not
Himself.
One said in talking over this matter:
81 am not constituted that way; it is
Datural for me to be sharp and blunt and
Grabbed" Such excuses as these are
really no excuses at all. Because ones
natural makeup inclines him to be ugly
and seemingly unfit for uttering kind
words, it is all the more reason why one
should struggle and pray and try to use
kind words.
If any of us have become careless
about this let us begin over again and
try hard to see what kind words will
do.-Union Gospel News.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
It's Intoxicating Quality.

Mrs. Cawker las she and her husband
leave the concert halD-Wasn't the
music perfectly Intoxicating
Mr.. Cawker-It was long enough to
be Intoxicating. ...
what has its length to do with it ?'
THE longer it is, the more bars, you
know."-Detroit Free Press.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
Not Grace.

"You say that Deacon Smatters was
not at church this morning? wonder
if it is possible that he can have fallen
from grace?" 40. t.".
mo; / understand that he fell from
his bicycle and broke his nose. "-Cleve-
land Leader. ...
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22
The Joys of Childhood.

Jimmy-Say. let's swipe the sign off
that stoop that's been painted.
Tommy-What 90 you want with the
sign?
Jimmy-Don't want the sign. Want
to see people brush against the stcop.-
Ny. World.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1896-10-22

"Dah's a good deal dependin' on de
way er man applies lis inergies." said
Uncle Eben. "De bass drummer often
uses up mob muscle on one chune dan
de fust fiddler does on half q Dozen
Washington Star.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1896-07-23
AGRICULT URAL HINTS.
FOR BERRY GROWERS.

Hints on the Propa CATION OF Strawberries
81 and Black Raspberries.
1t is not always best to invest too
much money in new things. Nowadays,
hundreds of new varieties Of fruits are
being rropagated and introduced
through the catalogues, describing the
characteristics and good qualities Of
each in such way that would excite
ones curiosity and tempt them to in
vest. No doubt, though, some of the
newer varieties are better than the old
ones. But if you desire to try some
thing new. don't ''go in too steep;" buy
just a few and try them, and if they
prove satisfactory, you can make more
of the same by propagating them your
self, just the same as the nurserymen.
II is possible to produce 500 to 1000
strawberry plants from one healthy
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1896-07-23
DAIRY SUGGESTIONS.

Always strain the milk as soon as it
is drawn.
Churning at too high temperature,
or too long, will produce greasy butter,
in which the grain is injured.
It is the attention paid to seemingly
insignificant things in dairying that
make or mar the profits.
Large cows need more feed than
smaller ones, and a COW in the flush of
milk needs more than when dry.
If you fear notifies in butter never
ship it until it has been tested. Work
out the streaks if any are in it.
It is essential in dairying that the
food of the cows be uniform, and the
supply should be arranged to have it
so.-Rural World.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1896-07-23
A MINISTER'S WIFE.
The Frank Statement Of the Pastor Of
Bethel Church.
From the Advertiser, Elmira, ". =.

beCne1 Church.
From the Advertiser, Elmtra, ". 2.
DR.. WILLIAMS Dear Sir:-My wife has
Deen sufferer from rheumatism for more
imam three years, suffering at times with
terrible pains in her linn bs, and other times
with severe ''crick'' in her back which
causes great agony. She spent much for
physicians and medicine, but secured only
temporary relief; finally she concluded to
try Pink Pills. She has taken eight boxes
and l can say from the first one she has i'm
proved until now she is almost entirely free
from pain, and has grown much stronger
and feels confident that, by the blessing of
God, they will effect permanent cure We
take great pleasure in recommending them
to our friends.
(Signed.) REV. j. 81. BUCKNER.
Pastor Bethel A. NJ. E. Church, Elmira,
New York.
DR.. Williams Pink Pills contain, in q
condensed form, all the elements necessary
TO give new life and richness to the blood
and restore shattered nerves. They are an
nnfailing specific for such diseases as loco
motor ataxia, partial paralysis, St. Vitus'
dance, sciatica, neuralgia, rheumatism,
nervous headache, the after effect of la
grippe, palpitation Of the heart, pale and
sallow compilations, all forms Of weakness
either in male or female. Pink Pills are
sold by all dealers, or will be sent postpaid
on receipt of price, so cents a box, or six
BOXES for $3.50 (they are never sold in bulk
or by the 1Oo), by addressing DR.. Williams
Medicine Company, Schenectady, N. Y.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1896-07-23
A Plan Worth Considering.

The North Carolina experiment sta
ton advocates plan for buying and
selling cows at prices based upon their
milk yield. The rule is to pay $12 per
gallon for the milk given per day when
rich enough to show 31a per cent. Of
fat. To this price add or subtract q
dollar for every one-fourth of one per
cent. Of fat, which the test shows the
milk to be above OF below 81. per cent
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1896-07-23
MAkE"lT AN ISSUE.

The Bad Roads Question In Township and
County Politics.
Discussing the bad roads question in
the light of local campaign issue, the
Los Angeles (Cal.) Times makes the
pertinent question:
"By way of starter in this matter,
how would it do this fall to make can
didates for supervisors take a cast-iron
pledge to favor comprehensive system
Of road improvement that will put an
end to the present extravagant method
of tinkering roads, and give US the be-
ginning of a frst-class system of pub
lie highways? Our present method, or
rather lack of method, of constructing
roads is extravagant and ridiculous, and
would have excited the derision of those
early road builders 1000 years or more
ago, whose work still remains in good
preservation on the continent Of Eu-.
rope. The American idea of country
road appears to be to level off the soil,
and wherever there is hole filling it
with loose dirt-and then filling it
again. It needs as much science to con-
struct a first-class road that will last as
it does to put up building, yet it is
taken for granted that the first man you
meet on the street can build a road.
Consequently it is no wonder that the
roads of this country cost every five
years almost as much as the courthouse,
and then we have nothing to show for
it.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1896-07-23
THE ROMAN ROADS.
Some Of Them Are Still In Use. and can
for No iRepairs

for No Repairs.
The Roman road was built for eter.
nifty. When the roadbed had been pre-.
pared by excavation it was carefully
reflled, regardless Of expense, with
layers of sand, stones and cement. The
surface was so solidly dressed that the
wear and tear was reduced to q mini
mum. Investigations with regard to
the preparation of the roadbeds were
made years ago by Bergier on Roman
roads that are still in use in France, and
with the following results: In one road
the excavation down to hardpan was
three feet deep. This trench was filled
up first with layer OF sand and cement
an inch thick; then came a foot layer of
flattish stones and cement; then foot
layer of small travelled stones and
cement. These last two layers were so
hard and firmly knit together that tools
could break off fragments only with
great difficulty. The next layer con-
sisted of foot of cement and sand,
covered with a top-dressing of gravel.
In another road in France the foot layer
of cement and sand changed places
with the layer of cement and travelled
stones. A third road in France was ex-
amined at point where it had been
raised 20 feet above the level of the sur
rounding country, and vertical sec
ton revealed structure of five layers.
First came the great fill Of 1917 feet;
on top of this fill they placed first a
foot layer of fattish stones and cement,
then a foot layer of fattish stones with
out mortar. of any kind, then half-foot
layer of frmly-packed dirt, then
half-foot layer of small gravel in hard
cement, and, lastly, q half-foot layer
of cement and large gravel.
Paved roads were exceptional. An
example of paved roads is the Via APP
pia, whose pavement consists of a hard
kind of stone, such as is used for mill
stones. 9 The stones Of this pavement
are carefully hewn and fitted together
so precisely that the road often appears
to be solid rock, and has proved to be
so indestructible that after 1900 years
of continuous use it is still a magnifi-
cent road. Ordinarily, however, the top
dressing of the road consisted of gravel
and hard cement, and when, in the
countless inscriptions such and such
governor is said to have restored a
given road, reference is made to this top
dressing of gravel and cement. The
width of the military road was usually
60 feet; the raised center being 20 feet
wide, with side tracks each of the width
of 20 feet. In some roads the raised
center was paved, while the side tracks
were dressed with gravel and cement.
The viae privatae and the feeders of
the military roads were usually dirt
roads. They were much narrower than
the military roads; sometimes they had
q width of only ten. feet, and, indeed,
the feeders of the Via Appia were only
two feet wide, but paved. The width OF
the Roman roads, all told, varied, there
fore, from two to 100 feet.-N. Y. In.
dependent.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1896-07-23
16 TO 1.
You Will Like VirRinia.

You VIII Like Virginia.
July z and 81, August and 10 tickets will
be sold from all points in the northwest
over the Big Four Route and Chesapeake
and Ohio Ry. to Virginia at one fare plus
$2.00 for the round trip. Homeseekers
should take advantage of this cheap rate to
visit the rich farm lands. Virginia never
had a cyclone. It has a perfect climate,
cheap transportation and the best markets
in the world. Send for rates, free descrip-
tive pamphlet and list of desirable farms
tor sale: U. I: TRu1rr, N. w. p. A., 234
Clark Street, Chicago.