The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1896-03-29
WORKS ON sofsxcB AND INDUSTRY.

T,nns IN n now and wIckless petroleum lamp,
the oil for which. rs represented. costs only
one third of a centlmc per cnroel per hour
tho carcel being the French standard for iu-
minosity. equal, that is, to nine and a fraction,
or ten, standard candles. This improved kind
Of lamp IL due to the ingenuity Of NJ. SECULAR,
inventor Of n rCgcnerntivc gas burner adopted
Ivy the t:ompngnies pnrisicnucs du Gnz, ana
consumes petroleum; the la tier passes through
n hltor. falling drop by drop on to a highly
heated surface. and becomes Immediately trans
formed into gas; Il Is subjected to perfect COM
bustion. the absence OF smoke being due 10
tho interposition OF n Hitter the absence OF
wick. thc slow and progressive feeding OF petro-
lcum. and to n strong draught. In the. meohan-
ism 10y which this result is accomplished there
litter a chamber viii, tunes for .voiatiiiaa-
ton and Justification. connected with the res
erNOir by II special tube, also n regulating COCK
leading to Mi annulnr burner with two series
ot holes, m alcohol burner within a giasf
Chamber in connection with the chimney, for
taking OF the products of combustion.
The French ~Institate ~ Science has had
under discussion tho chemistry of banks pos
scsslng an Industrial value. 1t Is shown that
tho gums and cements which bold together
the nInmcnts Of fibre are composed essentially
Of %pcCtOse. cutose. and vasrulose, while the
fibre itself IL composed of nbrose. cellulose.
and its derivatives the theory. therefore, OF
ueEu1nmlnR or rettlnK Dclng 10 ulSSOlVo hnu
wash out the gums without attacking the ocf
lulose; while. IN order TO eliminate the vascu-
lose and cutose. alkaline olcates or caustio
alknlies under pressure are found to be neces-
sary, and even disabilities and hydrochloritee.
The gums being thus dissolved, the epidermis
is detached and can be separated mechanically
from the layer of fibre by washing. An impors
c~leanness OF the fibre must depend the expense
Of this d%egumming soner@tion. In the Gonstruo.
ai"m ne "9 that there t%g ' IS but h"r littie II d ne eHss
whether the ribbon to be operated upon 70
s Sai. a, '' the rev % % or q agency wSl1 p'G folIo%eG BY r0G a
volume Of water. may be depended upon TO
rS, ali t as,r sGn%rn.iG m.s sSmple sivi nnd tho to p pa4s
fibre the quantity that may be turned out in .
F sn. bt time ;n rat msIn than an, GHsptity with The sp %nss:
matters in the bark of ramie stalks must be
T Fhs sy,S SIimin ShS' !, se tSs m anG nsr DOES ISL not fSs
c9mpl,ish, any part Of this work, the degum:
mipS 10 BAT" II. must do j it all al, but s,s at m. cost in rs dirsOs
Ing In the ribbons after leaving the machine.
The use OF wood fibre or pulp IN the ehaps
OF moulding. says the UpholStcrer, is now made
peculiarly available for some of the artistic
processes In furniture decoration. For this
purpose the required patterns are designed. and
hollow moulds made after t~hem-that is, the
wood fibre, while in a soft, Relatinous oondi-
tion. is forced into these moulds and the
moisture then slowly driven out by COM
pressed air. while the meshes Of a fine netting
bold The pnlp in place. Thus the articles can
s ss T p t %I1Sout out fu in : hsins ma p'ifssi'; sna are ar:
cent to trim and finish. off the surface. So pc
culiarly adantcd ts this method to the artin
question that delicate scrolls. flowers. and all
conventional patterns carved out Of wood for
dnG iii nIs,r and cabinets , Gre thus satisfact9rily
ornamental pieces are fixed securely in the do
sired position. and almost perfectly resemble
the finest specimen of carved woodwork.
The longest distance that n shot has bee1
fred is "A few yards over fifteen miles, which
was the range of Krupp's well-known mon.
ster' l3o.ton steel gun. firing a shot weighing
$500 pounds. The Hilton Armstrong gun
has an extreme range of fourteen miles, firing
a shot weighing 800 pounds. and requiring
800 pounds of powder. These guns, however,
proved too expensive, being unable to stand fir
ing a hundred times. and their manufacture
Armstrong g gun 'i Hurls Soa'' solid shot tNe for n di.l
lance or twelve miles. and tho discharge OF
the ths Gun Sn1, es triIss be hear heard at the place where
miles is the computed range of the most power
dni sn n nov m"de, and TO obtain that range
found to he necessary. Quick firing guns are
more xfrem mepena.d unon at the present day than
what IS considered the most wonderful of guns.
as many as 600, shots a minute. and yet lie so
light that q soldier can carry 1t strapped to
his back; Fin non regarded: the Immense
ing the monster Krupp gun, and each projeo-
tile cost Si.I0O.
A new steel process. as described in the Lon
don Times. consists simply in preparing pure
metallic iron in n state OF atomic division, mix
ing IL when thus prepared with whatever pro-
portion of carbon may be desired. and then
fusing the mixture in n %crucible, the steel pre-
pared in this manner being. 1t is said. entirely
free from any occluded oxides OF carbon, whilo
the castings are found to be remarkably sound.
This improved process depends upon the fact
that II ferric oxide or, rerrosoferrio oxide 10
heated with finely divided iron out Of contact
with air and cooled under similar conditions
ferrous oxide is produced, the operation taking
400, G.; but ferrous oxide is reduced to the
condition Of metallic iron at about 5000. For
ing the best. This may be prepared in any Of
the water gas machines, using carbonic acid
the action. OF ~carbonio oxide on ferrous
oxide. and reduction OF this oxide is effected
In a slowly revolving iron cylinder.
The most recent and expeditions process in
according to the Revue SctentEnQuA
consists in passing a current Of hydrogen gas
or a current of some gaseous compound of hy-
drogen containing a certain quantity of arsenic
through the liquid in which the hides are I'M
mersci. The hydrogen is obtained either from
the action of commercial sulphuric acid upon
he calculation being. in fact, that in this case
the hydrogen obtained will contain a suficient
pressure in a gasometer. is INTRODUCED into the
bottom of the tanning vat through a pipe pro-
vided with a series Of apertures, and. after bub-
bling up through the liquid. 1t flows out through
another pipe affixed to the cover of tho vati
watts OF very. large dimensions are employed,
and the tanning proceeds very rapidly.
In the report of the Fuedlinburg Gas and
Company It Is stated that tho saving
IN the cost of pumping with gas engines. as
with steam, taking the last year in
which steam was used and the second with gas.
~ per cent. While the gas motor ocou.
less space than the steam engine with its
boiler and chimney, II has tho advantage as re.
cards attendance, for one man can look after
several gas engines, while n steam engine plant
II any considerable Importance requires an en-
CINE man and stOker, and often an additional
land to keep up the coal supply. An advantage
IF the gas motor is that il can Mt any time be
put to work Immediately, 50 that considerable
pressure may bo made available in Q
lew minutes, so important III case of fire.