The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1896-03-28
FIRE HOLES"
an interesting Lecture Delivered by
PRIEST. TaImage Last Night.

an interesting Lecture Delivered by
Prest. TaImage Last Night.
The regular University lecture last
evening was delivered by President ]. E.
Ialmage; on the subject, ..Fire-holes." a
study OF volcanoes and their effects. The
mouse was crowded to its entire capacity
long before the time set for the opening.
Inc lecturer presented his subject in the
following order: The popular idea of a
Nolcano is that it is essentially a noun
TAM while in reality it is the very op-
posite, viz, a hole in the ground. The
mound or mountain is a result not a
cause nor an essential feature. The name
IS changed form of ''vucano" a desig-
nauon given TO a small and COMPARE
uVely insignificant fire hole in the Med
lterranean. Active volcanoes present two
extreme types. FirSt-A quiet or igneouS
fusion type we'll represented by the Ha-
walian volcanoes. Second-The explosive
type of which the Javanese volcanoes,
particularly Krakatoa, is representative.
The Mediterranean volcanoes partake of
the nature of both types. In the erup-
tlon OF the first kind, true lava, i. e.,
molten rock is elected; while in the other
ninety divided rock material is thrown
out IN the form of volcanic dust or
ashes, lapilli or cinders, and sometimes
large masses of rock. The presumed
cause of volcanic action is internal heat.
Many theories have been advanced in
explanation. The internal fiuidity theory
is now generally abandoned, the heat be-
ing regarded as of local occurrence.
Chemical action may have much to do
with igneouS phenomena and heat gen.
Grated by the mechanical motion of crust
blocks Is perhaps the cause. Physicists
and biologists now agree that a much
lower degree of heat than was once sup
posed may account for this action. a tenn
perature of 300 degrees Fahrenheit if
water be present and particularly If the
water be alkaline, will, under pressure,
produce semi and even perfect fusion of
rocks. The distribution of volcanoes in
dicates that the proximity TO water is
necessary to violent action. Active vol
canoes occur near the sea shore, and in
recent strata; they are arranged in lines
and groups suggesting that they are in
some way associated with earth assures
of great extent. Many igneouS phenom-
ena may be properly regarded as second
airy volcanic occurrences, @. g., not
springs, fumaroles, geysers, etc, and IN
one sense volcanic craterS belong to the
order of secondary phenomena. In ear
lier stages of the earth's history, when
vnlcanism was more instense, eruption
took place through assures other than
craterS.
After thus outlining the subject, the
speaker called the stereopticon to MS
aid and presented a series of over 80 eX-
cellent views exhibiting volcanic phen-
ornena in most OF their phases. The pho-
tographs were extremely realistic. A
comparison was drawn between the vol
canic activity on the earth and the same
order of activity on other planets. me
sun and moon were referred TO as eH-
tremes of such action: the sun being IN
its earlier and more intense stage OF fiery
existence and the moon. while exhibiting
numerous old craters being really cold
The course of university lectures for
the season just closed has been an eX-
having ben given. The manner in whch
havinb geen given. The manner IN wnlch
the lectures have been ATTENDED must oe
highly gratifying to all concerned.