davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
Tread Mills ON the Farm.

The tread mill powers are coming
largely into use on farms for cutting
feed, threshing grain, grinding grain,
saving wood, pumping water, etc. Those
who have used them, and particularly
used those that have been improved
and perfected in the last few years,
commend their convenience, cheapness,
simplicity and safety. If every barn was
supplied with one the most of farmers
would be independent of the large ma
chimes, and could do all their work
within themselves and without extra
cost or trouble. Those who use them
say if rightly set and managed they
are not horse killers, and work on them
is no more cNhausting than any other
kind of farm work. 1t is well in buying
the powers to get them large enough
for three horses, for if all the power is
not needed they can be worked by one
or two horses. Everything depends on
the amount of power reluired.-Col-
mans Rural World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
THE FARMING WORLD.
THE CARE OF MILK.

How to Destroy Bacteria by Means of
Dfsinfecting Substances.
In regard to the destruction of bac-
.eria injurious to milk, a writer says
that we can use number of disinfect-
ing substances, such as fumes of sui
phur and milk of lime. Before they are
used the stables should be thoroughly
cleaned. After removal of the animals
all dirt should be removed, and floor,
walls and ceilings should BIZ thoroughly
scraped with brush :ind water. If we
use sulphur as ID disinfectant, all open
ings must be closed, and all cracks
should be papered. To kill all bacteria
we need from so to 60 gramms per cubic
meter. This is based upon expert
ments in the laboratory, but in practice
it has been found that ten graElms per
cubic meter will give good results. The
sulphur, broken in small pieces, is ig-
nited upon an iron pan; the doors are
then kept closed for at least IL to Il
hours, when the stable can be used
again, after being ventilated with a
strong draught of air. During this
time the animals, and chiefly their legs
and feet, should be brushed with wa
ter containing soda. The clothing of
the mixers must be cleaned, and all
utensils used for milk should be
scrubbed with boiling hot water, or
should be thoroughly steamed. Bac-
terra can also be killed by washing
the walls, floors and ceilings with con-
centrated milk of lime. This is made
by shaking lime with little water, 10
which is added an equal amount of
water, which makes so per cent. milk
of lime,
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09

AS a milk and butter producer,
ground linseed cake has no equal. II
not only increases the flow of milk, but
ad.is greatly to its richness in cream
With a COW accustomed to corn meal,
bran, shorts and the like, the increase
will be from one to two quarts at each
milking, within "a hours after begin
ming with the ground linseed cake. A
cow, to be able to give full flow OF
milk, must have food richer in nitrogen
than would be required for any other
animal, since milk itself is composed
largely of albuminoids, and this can
only be supplied from food containing
this substance. The first demand of a
cow upon the nitrogen of food is to sup
ply waste of tissue, and only the sur
plus will go to milk.-Coleman's Rural
World.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
Black Currants for Canning.

Because the black currants do not
give as large yields as do the red cur
rants, it does not follow that they are
not profitable for the commercial
grower. The successful grower must
cater to the wants of the market, and
supply everything called for that he can
produce, even if there are varying de-
grees of profit in their cultivation. 1t
is important in this connection to note
that in some markets abroad the word
currant is used for the black currants,
that being the leading variety. In this
country the consumption of black cur
rants is increasing. They are used for
somewhat different purposes than are
the red They are especially excellent
sor canning.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
FOOD ADuLTERATloN.
Fruits and Vegetables in Which 1t
Mainly PractIced.

Fruits and Vegetables in Which 1t Is
Mainly PractIced.
Recent Investigations by the depart
ment of agriculture of the state of
Pennsylvania on the amount of food
adulteration lead to some interesting
results. A conservative estimate
places the value of the food consumed
by the citizens of the state at $780,
600, 900, and if to this amount Is added
the average estimate of adulteration,
it follows that there is lost through this
means 100000, 900.
The examinations made by the de-
partment make it evident that the fol-
lowing items will mainly cover the
worst forms of adulteration: The use of
salicylic acid in the preparation of
fruit jams, catsup, ETC.; in such cases
it is introduced for the purpose of pre-
venting fermentation, and when eaten
and it has entered the digestive organs,
it prevents to an appreciative extent the
proper functions of digestion. Of the
samples of buckwheat flour tested, but
two were found pure. Three-fifths of
the samples of cheese selected for an
alysis proved to be filled cheese'-the
milk had been skinned, the cream
used for other purposes, and foreign
fats, not butter, had been added with
the intent of making up the deficiency.
OF the samples of mustards, two-thirds
were found to be adulterated. Ground
spices, such as cinnamon, black pepper,
ginger, ETC., are seldom pure. Many
fruit jams, especially those claiming to
be strawberry and raspberry, were
found to consist largely of starch paste,
with only enough fruit, in some cases.
to claim the name. All samples of So
called French peas were found to con-
tain injurious amounts of metallic
satisfy. Y. Tribune.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
THE TAX THAT COUNTS.

1000, COO, GOO tons of freight. Every year
the amount increases. Every pound of
this freight is carried and carried over
our roads and streets before it gets to
the railroads; millions of tons are
hauled in wagons and sold in the coun-
try towns and consumed by the local
buyer. Here is the farmers end of it;
hay, $4,000, 900 tons-think of hauling
$4,000, 900 loads of hay to market on
roads like that; 90,000,000 tons of
cereals; 100000 tons of potatoes; p
100000 tons of cotton; total, 152, 100000
tons, not counting the mud ON the
wagon wheels.
1.-The road and the wagon are the twin
handmaidens of agriculture that at
tend the farmer on every journey to
market and they are forever at odds
with each other. If the man who sold
that wagon to the farmer had tried to
sell that road to him, homicide would
have become virtue; 152. 00O, 900 tons of
produce; S5OO,OO0,O0O paid for farm i'm
plements and machinery to harvest it
with; 81 zoe, O00, 900 invested in farm
horses and mules to drag it to market.
Think of it! Think of being director
in corporation with that amount of
business on hand, with countless mil
lions of Paid-up capital invested, and
think of doing business in a mortar
bed! Think of waiting for the mud to
Cry up. Sixteen million horses and
mules idle in the stables; $4,00O,O0O a
lay for horse feed; $4,000, 900 week.
Think of the loss of time and labor, the
<lwarfed and shrunken values of our
farms, of the slack supply and good
prices, when the roads are impassa BILE.
Think of the procession OF farmers that
n Int ha eft in
the first days of dry weather, and think
Of the paltry prices they get when every
body is trying to sell to an overstocl1ed
market
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
BITS OF DAIRY WISDOM.


Never allow a heifer calf from a rich
butter COW to be killed as a veal. If
you do not want her to supply your
own dairy-there are plenty who do.
If you are dairylnan or a dairv-
woman put your brains, your energy
in it. Be an enthusiast. If you can
not, then it is not the business for you,
and you will not succeed.
Be sure that all the fences are up and
strong before stock is turned out. It
Will prevent the cattle from getting bad
habits impossible to cure and per-
haps an expensive lawsuit.
By selling gilt-edged butter dairy
man is not impoverishing his farm
He is selling his crops to his cows at
profit, and returning the manurial ele-
ments to the farm which becomes more
productive every year.
Few remedies for caked udder are
better than soft soap. Cover the bag.
If the punches and soreness have not
disappeared in a few days repeat.
Frequent bathing with hot water and
hard rubbing will allay the fever and
reduce the swellings--Farm Journal
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09

easily made as the raised central plat
form shown in the cut, and which an
swers very well. Run two by four stud
ding lengthwise, say IL inches from each
side. Then floor the space between these
two by four pieces crosswise with short
stuff, which done, you will have a trough
one foot wide running around the four
sides of the rack. For cattle build the
rack six feet wide and six feet high.
This is much more economical rack
than the common N-shaped affair,
which, besides being very wasteful, is
open to the objection that stock often
get trash in their eyes when reaching up
to it for feed.-G. w. Waters, in ST. Louis
Journal of Agriculture.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09

boards with paper between may be
used. These should be nailed to stud
ding made out of 6X6's sawed in two
diaGonally, using two pieces at each
end of the partition, placed SO that the
sawed face fills the corner formed by
the partition.
With the intermediate studs the
boards should be nailed to the sawed
or wide side, so as to avoid forming
square corners.
If a rectangular silo is built, then
two layers of matched fencing with ta-
paper between should be used for the
lining. To lessen the spelling of silage
at the corners, these should be cut off
with one layer of inch boards about Is
inches long. This should then be lined
with roofing tin soldered together into
a strip long enough to nail to the lin
ing and to completely cover the two
ends of the short boards by much
two inches on each side. The tin should
be kept painted with coal tar to prevent
rUsting.-F. H. King, in Orange Judd
Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
TEXAS TO THE FRONT.
Great Road Convention to Be Hold at
Galveston, May 22.

Galveston. May 22.
There is one especially encouraging
feature of the good-roads movement.
1T is the activity in that direction in
regions remote from centers of popula-
fion.
4 convention of delegates represent
ing the great state of Texas is to be
held in Galveston, beginning on May
held at Little Rock in February, in
which a resolution was adopted rec
ommending constitutional amend
ment empowering county authorities
to levy a special tax for carrying on
a work of general highway improve
uent- Similar steps have been taken
III several other states of the south and
west.
Another encouraging feature of the
movement is a general disposition to
profit by the experience of other coun-
tries-notably of France, which has
perhaps the finest wagon-roads of any
country. Good roads are more easily
made and kept in order there than in
most countries, because of the scarcity
of forest areas, which conserve moisture
and render somewhat more difficult the
keeping of highways in repair. But it
Is possible and well worth the while
TO have good roads and still preserve
the desired areas of natural forest The
time is not distant when the neglect of
either of these important interests will
be a matter of general public regret,
and will be viewed as a public misfor-
fune.-1outh's Companion.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
FOR BERRY GROWERS.
One of the Best Basket Carriers for Col
lectors Ever Devised.

One of the Best Basket Carriers for Col
lectors Ever Devised.
Now is the time to make trays for
berry collections for use in berry fields
during the height of the season. Several
such trays are in use on an extensive
Connecticut berry plantation. The car
rier contains 30 baskets, eight on each
side of each handle; tho baskets are
shown in the cut as set in place but
without berries. The carrier should be
made of strong but light material. The
handles are of seven-eighths inch stuff,
IL inches high and with a hand hole.
The four legs are six inches long.
Sides of carrier are five-siXteenths
inch and ends of 0ne-half inch material,
all two inches high. The carrier is DC
inches long and Al inches wide. The
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
OUR COMMON ROADS.
To Repair Their Costs Nearly Twenrv
Million Dollars Year.

To Repair Their Costs Nearly Twenrv
Million Dollars q Year.
The total length of the common roads
in this country, good, bad and indiffer-
ent, is estimated by Gen. Stone, of the
road bureau of the department of agri-
culture, at something over 100000
miles. The ma jcrity of these roads have
been opened by common laborers, hired
by local supervisors, and no engineering
principles have been observed in their
construction. As result, it costs more
to keep them in repair than if they were
as many finely macadamized roads.
Keeping these poor roads in repair and
opening new thoroughfares cost Massa-
chusetts in 1898, outside of cities, ST.
136, 944, or 5000 per mile; New York,
So, 100000, or $50 per mile, and New
Jersey, SITS, 4O7. 50, or $43.25 per mile.
The total expenditure for roads in that
year amounted to about 2O,OOO,0O0. As
a greater part of the enormous sum
was spent in repairing poorly-cOn-
structed roads, that would need exactly
the same attention next year, it is not
an exaggeration to say that most of
the money was wasted. Fine roads can
be constructed all the way from $4O0
to $500 per mile, according to the nature
of the country through which they pass,
the cost of crushed stone and other IN
cheering problems. The cost of keep
ing these roads in repair is infinitely
smaller than that required to repair the
ordinary dirt roads each winter and
spring, when great gulleys and ruts are
washed into them by the rains and
ds-Manufacturer
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
SPLENDID FEED RACK.
1t Has Been Used for Number of Years
with Good Results.

with Good Results.
To feed hay to stock without waste,
simple as the problem seems, is not an
easy matter. Where stancheons are used
the waste is little, but for stock running
loose some other device is necessary. A
feed rack / have used for a number of
years has been found to answer quite
well, and it may be placed out in the
feed lot or under shelter, as desired. 1t
is suitable for either hay or grzin, and
is we'll shown in the accompanying cut.
The slabs "a AZ are fastened above the
manager Cor feeding box), at such dis
tances apart as to allow the animals to
readily poke their heads in, the rack
being placed just high enough for their
convenience. A pole (not shown in cut),
placed full length, for the breasts Of
cattle to push against is desirable adj
dition. For sheep the space between
the Stats should be eight inches.
The sides of the manager (B b should
be IA inches high for cattle, and for
sheep about six inches. For feeding
grain, construct the manager floor higher
in the center than at the sides. A slop-
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09

wide. D D are sashes three by six feet.
The height from bottom of aisle to apex
of roof is 61a feet.
quired, according to the number Of
eight inches deep; then the boards that
separate the aisle from the pit are put
in; they are to be cut 31a feet long,
then boards six inches wide are set
on their edge iengthwise of the pit for
the bottom rest of the aisles; then the
ends are put on and the top scantling
or top rests for the sashes. The manure
is then put in and the sashes put on
(three feet by six feet sashes are used) J,
and fitted as tight as possible. Then at
the end that is selected as the entrance
a door is built; such as used in the
ordinary double cellar door. The seed
beds are next to go in, and are ready
to plant soon as the temperature
has subsidized to the right degree.
Such pit can be used for growing
radishes, onions, lettuce and other vege-
tables, and for starting seeds of cab
bage, caulifiower, egg plants, tomato.
pepper, sweet corn, melons, cucura-
bers.
For such seed as corn, cucumbers and
melons, which are difficult to trans
plant, seed may be sown in pieces Of
sod two inches square, on the root side,
and when it is time to transplant the
sod is lifted out and put in the desired
place; they are better than the small
flower pots, they retain moisture
longer.-Daniel P. Mahony, in Western
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
IMPROVED HoTBED.

Description of . Very Simple But Eject
i've Forcing Pit.
One great objection to the ordinary
style of hotbed is that a person is
compelled to withhold examination for
days in cold, stormy weather, whereas,
with the forcing pit bright weather or
stormy one can care for and eN-
anime the plants when they require ot-
tention.
AA are seed beds, which are six inches
deep, AZ feet wide. B are manures
pits, 4A feet wide, three feet two inches
deep. c is the aisle, which is 1A feel
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
SPRAYING PLUM TREES.

1t Is Wise to Repeat the Operation at
Least Six Times.
Those who want to raise plums will
need to be attending to the possible fun
}yous diseases and the curculio. If the
trees have the plum scale ON them they
should have been sprayed with kero-
sene emulsion in the fall after the
leaves had fallen. Otherwise six spray
ings are recommended for the coming
season.
The first spraying should be to de-
spring. The first warm days should be
improved on for this purpose. The
Bordeaux mixture should be used.
The second spraying should be with
the same mixture when the buds are
swelling, to keep off the black knot and
other funguos diseases.
The third spraying should be after
the blossoms have fallen. The trees
should also be Jared at this time for
the curculio.
Two weeks later spray again, and jar
the trees for the curcu1io every three
days.
If necessary spray twice more at in
tervals of about two weeks and keep
up the jarring, if the curculio be pres
emit.
If the San Jose scale appears it will
oe necessary to use kerosene emulsion.
This is especially important at the time
of the birth of the young scales.-Farm-
erS' Review
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
AGRICULTURALHIN
THE TAX THAT COUNTS.
Muddy Roads Mean Annual Loss of
Millions of Dollars.

Muddy Roads Mean an Annual Loss of
Millions of Dollars.
Isaac B. Potter, chairman of the high
way improvement committee, in his adj
dress before the last annual convention
mt Baltimore, February 10, said, among
other things:
sixteen million dumb and patient
horses stand to-day in the farm stables
of America, waiting for the drying of
the mud which was left as legacy by
recent freshets. / have said this much
to Justify, briefly, the wheelmep's work
for better roads. Much more might be
said, but it is unnecessary. People are
beginning to look upon the wheel from
a new, more correct, and more intelli-
gent standpoint. Bicycles have come
into common use. They are ridden by
men and women of all classes of so
ciety, by officials in every grade of gov
ernmental employment in all parts of
the world; by men engaged in the
learned professions, and in all the vari-
Gus occupations in which human in
dustry is directed.
with 100 years of experience our
American farmers are paralyzed by the
presence of a simple mixture of dirt and
water. Last year our railroads carried
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
Best Peas for the Table.

The wrinkled variety OF peas are the
best for the table, but arc not preferred
for canning. Any of the early dwarf
peas may be used for the first crop. The
dwarf kinds give only about one pick
ing. 1t is the standard varieties which
bear the heaviest crops, but they re
quire supports that are later than the
dwarf kinds The champion of England
is considered one of the best for quality
but is not as prolific as some others, and
is also late variety.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
PARTITIONS IN sLos.
How They Should Be Constructed to
cure Satisfactory Results.

How They Should Be Constructed Se-
cure Satisfactory Results.
Where several silos are desired, or
where two kinds of silage art to be
stored so as to be fed at any time, one
large silo with one or more partitions
VIII be cheaper than separate siios. In
the illustration shown herewith will be
seen how partition may be put in a
round silo- By running Il second par
tition at right angles to the first the
silo may be divided into four pits, bus
it is always best to avoid partitions
when possible to do so. If a partition
is made it should be alright, but it
the filling takes place on both sides 2s
the same time, it need not be as strong.
in the round silo the partition should
be put in after the lining. To make
the partition, two thicknesses of inch
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09

shape. The handles can be cut from
two thin strips of hardwood, the point
of union being determined by trial
to show how much the thumb and fore
finger will have to spread to open the
blades sufficiently to receive plant and
a goodly bit of earth about its roots.
With this tool held as one holds a pair
of shears, the blades can be showed
down about a plant, a little pressure ap-
piled, and the plant lifted without dis
turbing the roots. 1t then can be set
down in its new location, and no check
given to its growth. American Agrj-
culturiSt.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09

The practice of coloring butter is so
universal that it is no longer regarded
as being to any extent an attempt to
deceive. Innocent as it is, it may have
to be given up in some states for the
sake of depriving oleomargarine of the
same privilege. 1t is evident that the
farmers lose more in allowing oleomar-
garine to be colored than they gain in
being permitted to color butter. They
can then well afford to advocate the
passage of a law that will sweep away
the privilege once for all. It is true
that there would have to be very rad
ical change in our butter score cards,
-he points for color being nearly or
altogether eliminated.-Farmers Re-
view.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09
Wide rIres in Sew YORK.

A bill is before the assembly in that
state which provides that at a date not
later than January i, 1900, all wagons
must have tires proportioned to tbs
load to be carried, and providing that
a bonus be paid to the owner of any
wagon who viii widen his tires before
the law compeis it. THE sum of S4O,-
BOO, or so much thereof as may be nee
essary" is provided for in the bill, and
is to be takeT. from the state treasury.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1896-05-09

16~inch space in the center is for the col
lector to walk; the handles are grasped
on each side. The 80 quarts berries and
carrier will weigh from IS to so pounds.
Each handle should be nailed 51a inches
from the side piece and another piece
set 5h inches inside from the handle
piece. 1t is one of the handiest carriers
L know of for bringing berries from
fields to asserting and Grating sheds
G. w. Eddy. in Farm and Home.